O.S.J.J. Annual Report, 1880 by Museum of the Order of St John

REPORT OF THE OHAPTER OP TITE

READ AND ADOPTED AT TTIE GE~'ERAL AS 'E~[nLY, 017 Tln{1'scZay th e 24th of ..lillie

(ST. JOHN BAPTIST'S DAY, 1880), AT

ST. JOfu\f'8 GATE, CLERKEN'YELL.

LONDON: TIARRISON AND SONS, Printers

1'11

T, MARTIN'S LAXR,

Ol'dina?',1J to H er llI({jest!J,

1880

Qturt°llolicr. This Office is at presellt vacant.

J orh ~dO'r. IIIS GRACE "\iVILLIA.M DROGO, DUKE OF MANCHESTER, K.P. ~lliIiff

of ®l1gIt.

The Rig'ht Ronble. \iVILLIA.M TIENRY, BARON LEI GIl.

(!l;.rrmnHmbcr of 2Dllnl'c~ (!l;aslIe. Sir EDMUND A. H. LECIlMERE, Bart., M.P., F.S.A.

Qt IJ,C (!l;onn.ciI. F1'esiclent-General Sir J OIIN ST. GEORGE, K.O.B. ~1ajor-General the Most Ronble. the Marquis OO:to.'""l'NGIlAM.

The Right TIonble. the Earl of DUDLEY. The Right Rev. the Lord Bi hop of ST. ALBANS (Chaplain- Geneml). Sir EDWARD U. L. PEI.'!ROT'f. Bart. Oolonel Sir J A;\IES BOURNE, Bart. General Sir II. O. B. DAUJ.mNgy, K.O.n. J Olli~ FUl1LEY, Esq. (it tccntib.e

<D (fic.ers.

(Who are ex-officio Members oj the Counctl).

Chancello1'-General Sir JOllN ST. GEORGB, K.O.B. Sec7'etcwy ancl Recei'l:e1'--Sir E. A. TI. LECIL\lERE, Bart., ~I.P., F.S.A. AlmoneT-General the Viscount TEl\fPLETOWN, K.O.B. Registm1.-Lieut.-Oolonel GOULD TIUNTER-WESTON, F.S.A. Genealogist-Rev. "\V. K. R. BEDFORD, M.A. LibmTian-EDwIN FRESHFIELD, Esq., M.A., V.P.S.A. Assistant-SecTetaTy-Oaptain PERnoTT, E.K.M. Am,bulance Depcwtment-Director: .Major FRANCIS DUNCAN, R.A., M.A., D.O.L., LL.D. Banke1's-TIIE LONDON AND VVEST:\IINSTER BANK, 1, St. James's Square, S. 'vV. Jetvelle1's-Messrs. PHILLIPS, Oockspur Street, S.\-\!. Oommunications mn.y be n.ddrcsscd to the S ~ (,J'etul'y of the Order of St. John, St. J olm's Gate) Clerkenwcll, London, E.O,

REPORT. 1880_ The Chapter of the Order of St. John presents the following Report to the General Assembly;Admissions to the Order have been made during the l)ast as follows :_ ... J: year ChevalieTS of J~lst'ice-Georo'e Palmer,Esq J'lln' He lU'Y Offl Y • b .,. ) Wakeman, Esq.; Captalll James Gildea (1st VVarwick 1\1ilitia) ; Henry John Loftus, Esq. Chev~lier of GTace- William Dawes Freshfielel, Esq.

William Wyndham Portal (H an t s '.Esq~l~Te-Captain . MilItla).

·'tilleI'y

..t1.l

Dr. F. 1\1une1y ; Sl1rO'eon.HonoTaTY Associcdes-M. Ie Baron ( Major Charles MCDonough Cuffe, C.B.; Robert Farquharson °E M.D.) M.P. ' sq.) Donat-Alexander Meyrick Broadley, Esq. The following Members and Associatos of the Oreler have deceased during the year ;HonoTc~TY ComrnandcT- Henry Pownall, Esq. ChevaheT of J~lstice--General John Holm es, (1 .. B Darn~ Chevalien-Lady Hoare. ChevalieT oj GTCtCe-M. Octave Delepierre. G HonoTaTY Associates-Deputy Surgeon-General J. H. Porter' eneral,Renard; George VV. Callender, Esq., F.R.C.S., F.n.S. ) Serv~ng BTotheT-Hiram Syson.

4 .J

The llcath of Deputy Surgeon-General rorter, which took place at Calml, where he W(1S on duty as 1)l'incip(11 Medical Offtcer oE the \1.lml H ,ILl force, i. a great loss to the Onler, as it is to the medical profession at large. II took the t1 cp st interest in our IIospitaller functions, anLl was eyer rea 1y by his experience aml advice to ai(l the executive of the Ambulance Association, or which he was one or the earliest members. ITe eli. dlike a brave sohlier, t1cvoted to the last, r ganlless of his health amI saEety, to the performance of his duty in the ministration or relief to those around him. It woulL1 l)e impossible to render a higher or more deseryed tribute to his memory than the reference made to Mr. rorter's service. by the late )VIini. ter at ' Val', Colonel 'tanley, in moving the Army E. timates in the ITouse or Commons this yoar. ITe saicl: cc The mellical service, and the medical worlcl in general, have sufferecl a great loss by the cleath of Deputy Surgeon-General POl'ter at Sherpur. He dietl in the discharge of his duty as truly as if he had laid down his life on the field of batLIe. ITe leayes behi11<.l him a reputation to which his friends will look with satisfaction, and a memory dear to all those who knew him." The Serying Brother Hiram Syson, formerly a non-comm.issiono(l officer in the 57th Foot, had been employed by the Corporation or Bur. lem for a long time in charge of the ambulance litter stationed there, ancl ha(l deyoted himself with the greatest interest to the duties deyolYing upon him in the conveyance or injurecl per. ons from various parts of the town to the ITo. pital; and in . pite of a seyere and painrul illness extending oyer a period or twelye months, he did not relax his efforts to mitigate the pain of others, and his last r eport shows that his interest in his work continued to the latest day or his life. The most interesting eyents in the course or last year have been the presentation of the medals of the Order on two occasions; the first to the Eyam miners at She1Ii.eld and the second to Henry Spavin, at 'Vest fIaIn. The names of the Eyam miners were Charles Maltby, John ITancock, Thomas Davis, and John Davis. These four men had l)eo11 most conspicuous in their bravery in rescuing one of their comrades, Dennis Dagshawe, who had been for five clay. and nights impri.'onod in the Dlack Engine Lead Mine, llO:1r Eoolow, on July 22nd, 1879.

A modal was also awanlud 1)y LllO Chapter to Mr. Artllltl II. f fLokes, Assistant Inspector of Minus, who also exposed his hfe to. tllO sallle danger, anc1 through whose a1Jiljty anc1 presence of 111ll1c1 the work of rescue was greatly acceleratec1. The following facts relating to the rescue are condensed from t] I 0 narrative of .1\1r. Belljamin Bagshaw, one of the owners of the mine:The accident occurred on the 22ud J u]y lasL at the Black Engine :Mine, which is 140 yards deep, wiLh two drifts extending from the 1JottOlll of the shaft, 120 yanls alld 70 or 80 yards respectively. Dennis Bagshawe was working in tho lowe. t anc1 most disLant part of the mine, when a portion of the roof fell, awl his escape rendered almost hopeless. The ill tidilJgs no sooner reached the bank than volunteers rushed eagerly to the rescue from all (luarters, and :v?rked in relays for many hours under Lhe most dangerolls conc11tlOns. The attention of .1\11'. Bagshaw, tbe part owner of LllC mine, was not called to the accident until the day after it had taken place, but on hearing of the occurrence he at once telef,rraphed Lo .1\11'. A. H. Stokes, the Government Inspector of .1\lines for that district, and, proceeding immediately to the sceno of the disaster, at on co perceived that the system hitherto adopLeel was faulty, and could not be successfully carried out. Heroic exertions had faDed for want of proper organisation. At three 0' lock on Frjday .1\1r. Stokes entered the mine and devised a system of ventilation which cleared the mine of the choke damp, enabling the men to recommence their labours. ~n Friday the engine broke down, 1Jut the damage haying 1Jeen repall~ed the work went on unremittingly, under the personal supermtendence of .1\1r. Stokes, lUltil eleven o'clock on Sunday forenoon when the rescue was effected. Dennis Bagshawe, the unl~risoned miner, had been for fiye days and nights without food or lIght, overcome with the choke damp, and struggling between life and death. For five hours the signals between the imprisoned man and the rescuers had not been audible, when early on Sunday a fresh rap was heard, The rescuers increased theu' exertions, the barrier suddenly gave way, and they were close upon theu' comrade. A hole being opened .1\1r. Stokes passed some milk to the imprisoned man, and at length Dennis Bagshawe was got out alive.

6 The bravery of the men who accomplished this gallant deed in the face of extreme peril should not be forgotten. Their conduct was a lesson of self-devotion and courage prompted by a sense of duty, and without any expectation of reward. No occurrence that had happened for many years in Derbyshire could equal in moral effect the n011e conduct of these brave miners. The presentation of the medals took place on January 21st at a large public meeting at the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, presided over by Lord Edward Cavenclish. Mr. Furley attended as the representative of the Chapter and assisted at the presentation. The other case, that of Henry Spavin, though not so sensational in its incidents, was not the less remarkable for the cool bravery displayed. Spavin, a workman in the employ of the West Ham Local Board, descended into a small sewer at Silvertowl1, and rescued at great personal danger a fellow workman who had been rendered senseless by poisonous gases. The medal was presented to hllu on ~1arch 9th, at a meeting of the West Ham Local Board of Health at the Town Hall, Stratford, by SiT Edward Perrott, Bart., who was accompanied by the Assistant Secretary. The third case is the award at the Chapter yesterday of the silver medal to Captain George Frederick Harris, 3rd Foot," The Buffs," in recognition of the coolness and .courage displayed by him on the night of September 19th, 1877, at a fire at Charlemont Street, Dublin, when alone and unaided he saved the lives of five persons; subsequently, with great presence of mind and at still further personal risk, removing a quantity of paraffin oil, and thus preventing the fire from spreading to an adjacent female orphanage.*

* While this Report was passing through press, the medal was presented to Captain Harris by Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, Dame ChevaliJre, on July 24th, at the Volunteer Camp, Wimbledon (where the recipient was doing duty as Camp Adjutant), His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, His Royal Highness the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, the Secretary of State for War, and many others being present. Lord Leigh, General Sir John St. George, K .C.B., Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., M.P., General the Viscount Templetown, K.C.B., Colonel Sir James Bourne, Bart., and Captain Perrott, were in attendance as a deputation from the Chapter. As in a former case, permission has been granted for the medal to be worn in uniform on the right breast, in accordance with the Queen's Regulations.

7 The arrangements for the lease of the Gate from Sir Edmund Lechmere to the Chapter have been completed. The Chapter has let the business of the restaurant to ~lr. Gay, but retains the han and adjoining rooms in the ·west to"\yer . The lower office, which was the former Chancery, and the room in the basement, formerly used for a shop, have been let by the Chapter to the St. John Ambulance Association at a rent of £90. The Chapter desires to place on record their obligation to 11r. Ec1l"vin Freshfield, who acted on their behalf in the negotiations and legal arrangements relating to the lease of St. John's Gate, and also to the finn of ~lessrs. Freshfield and Williams, who declined to accept any payment or remuneration for their valuable professional services. The office of Assistant Almoner, vacant by the resignation of Mr. H. C. Maxwell-Lyte, has been undertaken by Captain H. 'N. Domvile. ~1r. Edward Ryall, late Sergeant 1st Battalion 5th Fusiliers, at present engaged as enquiry officer to the City Committee of the Charity Organisation Society, has been admitted as a Serving Brother of the Order, and has been appointed to the luties of visiting, and reporting upon the hoslJital conyalescents receiving diets from the Order, under the directions of the Almoner. His engagement with the Charity Organisation Society occupies his tinle from 10 till 4, except on Saturday, when he is at liberty after 1 o'clock. A small yearly paYluent as an honorarium to Mr. Ryall has been provided by the subscription of some of the Dames Chevalieres, aided by the Almoner. The work of the Ambulance Association still continues to increase, and the principles and objects of the Order are thereby becoming more widely known throughout the cOlmtry. 'rhe report of the Association for the past year will be read by the Director of the Ambulance Department, and the Chapter cannot conclude their report without again repeating their thanks to Major Duncan and to Mr. FuTley, as well as to Captain Perrott, in acknowledgement of their energetic and unremitting labour, to which the success which the Ambulance mOVellien'u has hitherto attained is chiefly due. The following is the last report made by the Serving Brother

I shall direct the Sen'ing Brother to make these reports to me weekly; they will be passed in the first place to Captain Domvile, if in my absence he be in or near London, and he will send them on to me with any observations he may think desirable with respect to them or the Serving Brother, or in reference to any longcontinued absence he may himself have to make from the neighbourhood of London. I trust, therefore, that the visitation will be carried out in fuhue in a manner that will be satisfactory as well to myself as to the Chapter. TE1VIPLETOWN, Al1none1'.

that Institution. It was afterwards decided to take a bed at this Home from April 1st to September 30th, 1880, and that a succession of patients should be sent during that time. This is now being done, and those who have returned speak highly of the benefit which this arrangement has conferred upon them. During the past hard winter much distress prevailed at Uptonon-Severn, which was especially felt by the children of the poorer classes in the town, of 'yhich the population is largely composed. The members of the Order of St. John residing in the neighbourhood undertook the responsibility of raising a fund to alleviate the distress among the children, and a circular was issued inviting donations for this purpose. All the medical men of the town heartily approved of the movement, and by the admirable and economical management of a gentleman, not connected with the Order, who offered his assistance, no less than 1,363 dinners were provided for the ill-fed children at the cost of about 1tcl. each; but this low rate at which nourishing food was provided is partly due to the valuable gifts in kind which were sent, and which are not included in this calculation of the cost. The :MedicalOfficer of the Upton-on-Severn Union reported to the Commandery that (( the dinners were exceedingly beneficial, and doubtless produced more good than is at present seen." A balance sheet of this fund has been submitted to the Chapter.

The Chapter of the H anley Castle Commandery reports as follows :The usual work of the Commandery has been carried on during the past year without any alteration as regards the diet system, which has now been for several years in operation in connection with the Worcester Dispensary, and has produced well-known beneficial results, again thankfully acknowledged by the Committee of the Dispensary in its Annual Report. The tabulated statement shows the working for the year, and the amount of cost borne by the Commandery and the Dispensary:~

"t:i

u.i

Quarter ending

~ ~

)i::1

29th Sept., IS79 ... 25th Dec., IS79 ...

;:..

.u."

420

0 .... "'.u

Cost to .... Total Cost. : ~ ." Cost to Comp. 0 ; P. Dispensary. mandery.

0<:;"" ........ 00

Z -

I .....~

~)i::1?; ci

p..,

~~ §~ <> ~ S .... :§~

.u." o·~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~.~ t-<A ~ ~ ol~

Cd~ (;in

~-§g

--d. 11

£. s.

19 5

d. 6

B. d. S 7 1

IS2 !

343

10}

15 13 10

lS2

25th Mar., IS80 ... 13

539

10i

24 2 S

IS2

S 3 0

24th June, ISS0 ... 15 Total .. . 41

364

14 11 10

IS2

7 511

52 4 39 - - --93 134 1666 239 159

-------73 13 10

S 6 7

32 2 7

£ s. d. 10 IS 5

7 3

15 19

7 5 11 41 11

Two Chapter Meetings were held during the year, one at Rhydd Court, and the other in Worcester, both of which were well attended. At the former it was decided that, with the view to give further assistance to poor convalescents in Worcester and elsewhere, arrangements be made with the Sea-bathing Hospital at Westonsuper-Mare for sending convalescent patients free of expense to

In conclusion, the Chapter feels it can refer with satisfaction to the steady progress of the work of the Order during the past year, and more especially as regards the continued and still increasing development of the (( St. John Ambulance Association." In doillO'b so it is desired once more to remind the General Assembly that members can render valuable service not merely by contributing the requisite alms and oblations, but by devoting a little of their leislue-as so many are already doing-to the extension of the 0 bj ects of the Order in their own localities and neighbourhoods; and the Chapter rests assured that the adoption of this course will bring its own reward in the reflection that such a sacrifice of personal gratification is calculated to bring forth fruit in the manner most dear to the hearts of our Founders-the mitigation of the sufferings of the human race. P. T. O.

TRUSTEES. ~EDAL The Right Honble. LORD LEIGH. Sir EDMUND A. H. LECHMERE, Bart., M.P.

instituted by the Chapter, 1874, as a reward for deeds of gallantry in saving life on land.

General Sir JOHN ST. GEORGE, K. O.B.

FORM OF BEQUEST TO TIlE

®rbtr of ~t. :Mog n of :Mtrusalem in ®n£Iau~. OBVERSE.

I give and bequeath to the Receiver for the time beinO'b of the

The Cross oj the 01·de1'. (Its points anciently symbolic oj the eight B eatit~tdes .)

REVERSE.

T he B adge oj the 01·de1·. (Th e St. J ohn's Wod, entwined 'with c01n1nemomtive 1·ibbon.)

English (Protestant) Langue of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem

NAMES OF RECIPIENTS.

in England the sum of £ __________ , to be applied

at the discretion of the Chapter of the said Order towards the charitable objects of such Order, and I direct that the said sum shall be paid, free of legacy duty, out of such part of my personal estate as may be legally bequeathed for charitable purposes.

ELIJAII HALLAM

(SilveT ), FREDERICK VICKERS (Sil're1'). For savillg, at imminent risk of their lives, six fellow-workmen in great peril in the shaft of a coal-pit near Chesterfield, September 6th, 1875. Presented by Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., at a public meeting at VVhitting ton Moor, November 18th, 187.1 .

14 DEPUTy-COl\DnSSARY J URN Sl\1:rTH YOlJNG. Attached to the English Ambulance dnring the Siege of Paris (Silve?') . For saving the life of a wounded German soldier at the Bridge of Bezons on December 10th, 1870. Presented, March 17th, ] 876, by JVlajor-General n .S.H. Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, Commanding the Ilome Di trict, at a parade of the Guards and Army Service Corps, II.R.H. the Field Marshal Commanding - in - Chief granting permission for the Medal to be worn in uniform on the right breast. CONSTANT VAN H OYDONCK (Silve?'), lliNRI TROUSSELOT (B?'onze). For marked courage and judgment, resllltino' in the s~v~g of life and property and the subseq~ent conVIctIOn of the murderers concerned in the mutiny on board the Briti. h ship LEN TIE on the high seas on October 31st, 1875. The Chapter reo'arding the ship as part of the Queen's dominion aOwarded accordingly, and the medals were ~resented through the DutGh and the Belgian Ministertl in June, 1876. GEORGE GATES (]]Tonze). For saving, at much personal risk, voluntarily and unaided, two dying men from the New Road Sewer, Baltersea, after a cornpauion had already succumbed to the poisonous gases. AUO'llst 9th 1876. Presented publicly by tb3 Local Authol'i~ ties, on January 3rd, 1877. Trru~1AS ERRINGTON WALES, TIer Majesty's Inspector of Mines [or South Wales (SilvC?'), JOliN WILLIAM HOWELL (SiLveJ) ISA.AC PRIDE (Silve?'), WILLU::'II BEITII (Silve7/ DANIEL TlloMAs (Silve?'). For special sen-ic~ during the gallant and protracted (·[forts made for the .rescue of the buried miners in the Tynewydd Colhery, Gbmorganshire. Presented by lvlajor F. Duncan, R. A., Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order, at Pontypridd on August 4th, 1877, in' the presence of the 'Lord Lieutenant of the County) the Lord Mayor of London, and a very large and distinguished assembly. GEORGE P AT)IORE (~Tonze) . For bravery in seizing, securing, and aiding l~ the des~ruction of a mad dog, which had prevlOusly bItten three men and several dOllS. September 9th, 1877. Presented at the nertf~'d Borough Bessions, JVlarch 7th, 1878, by the Mayor o[ Hertford.

)

STEPHEN LITrLE (B1'onze) , Constable, Metropolitan P olice. For the gallant rescue of a lunatic from a position of great danger, on J une 4th, 1878, Presented on Augn::;t 2nd, 1878, by llis Grace the Duke of Manchester, K.P., Lord Prior of the Order, at a special parade of the Metropolitan P olice at the Wellington Barracks. ARTHUR H. STOKES (Assistant Inspector of Mines) (Silve1') , CUARLES MALTBY (B1'onze ), JOlIN ill "COCK (B1'on.ze), T llOMAS DAVIS (B1'onze), J onN DAVIS (B1'onze) . F or remarkable constancy, courage, and daring, during the operations leading to the rescue of Dennis Bagshawe, buried for five days and nights without food in the Black Engine Mine, Eyam, July, 1879. Presented on behalf of the Order by John Furley, Esq., a Member of the Council, .January 21st, 1880, at a public meeting at Sheffield. IIENRY SPAVIN (B1·onze) . For rescuing, at great personal danger, December 17th, 1879, from a small sewer at Silvertown, a fellow-workman, rendered insensible by poisonous gases. Presented by Sir Edward G. L. Perrott, Bart., :March 9th, 1880, at a. meeting at the Town IIaIl, Stratford. oEORGE FHRDEnICK lliRRIS, Captain 3rd Foot, "The Buffs" (Silve?')' For conspicuolls gallantry in saying the lives of five persons from a fire in Charlemont Street, Dublin, September 19th, 1877, and in subsequently re·, moving,1.Ulaided, at still further risk, a quantity of paraffin oi1, thereby preventing the fire from spreading to an adjacent Female Orphanage. Presented by II.R.II. the Princess of Wales, a Dame Chevalie1'e of the Order, July 24th, 1880, at the Volunteer Camp, \Vimbledon, H.R.H . the Prince of vVales, II.R.Il. the Field :Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, the Secretary of State for vVar, and [L deputation from the Order being present. As in the case of Deputy-Commissary Young, permission has been granted for the JV[ edal to be worn in l.miform on the rig'ht breast, in accordance with the Queen's Regulations. Forms of application for the Medal and full particlliars can be obtained from the Secretary of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, ST. J OIII 's GATE, OLRRKE!\WELL, LONDON. A Ug1lst, 1880.

GLEANINGS FROM MALTA.

A PAPER READ BEFORE

~be mnigbt~

of ~t. ]obn of ]etu~alem in QEnglanD, AT THEIR

GENERAL ASSEMBLY, ON

JU E 24TH, 1880 .

TIIE

RE\,. W. K. R. BEDFORD, M.A.,

Rector of Sutton Coldfield, Warwicks/tin, A CllAPLAl

OF THE ORDER.

LONDON: HA RRISON AN D SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, %Jrint.ers in ®rllln<.tt}J to' ;¥.J.cr ~1 tjCiJt!.l '

1880. PUICE ONE SHILLING.

GLEANINGS FROM MALTA.

LONDON: PRINTED BY llARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.

OUR late Premier has said, "Malta is certainly a most delightful station. Its city, Valetta, equals, in its noble architecture, even if it does not excel, any capital in Europe; and although it must be confessed that the surrounding region is little better than a rock, the vicinity, nevertheless, of Barbary, of Italy, and of Sicily, presents exhaustless resources to the lovers of the highest order of natural beauty. If that fair Valetta, with its streets of palaces, its picturesque forts and magnificent church, only crowned some green and azure island of the Indjan sea, Corfu for instance, I really think that the ideal of landscape would be realized." I have chosen to preface my observations with this extract from Lord Beaconsfield, both because it is a most vivid and admirable description of the place, and because I am about to express an opinion which might appear to clash with that of the great literary statesman, but nevertheless is propounded without any intention to controvert his sentiments. Splendid as is the position of the city of Valetta, beautiful as are its streets, and interesting as are its associations, the first impression, on starting for an antiquarian survey of the place, is one of disappointment. This partly arises from the fact that Valetta prop er is a modern town. It was only proj ected in 1565, and the church of St. John was not built until 1578: a wave of reconstruction, moreover) swept over it in the 18th century, and Lascaris, Pezellos, :Manuel, Pinto, and de Rohan, all in turn modernised their predecessors' work. There is scarcely a trace of pure Gothic even in the old city, and to see that you must become acquainted with the bye-ways of the place. The auberges are stately handsome Italian palaces, the churches florid renaissance, the forts English redoubts of our grandfathers' days. Again, in an antiquarian point of view, infinite damage was done by the French, who, during their occupation, besides perpetrating many acts of plunder and spoliation, deliberately A

defaced, wherever they could reach them, the escutcheons and armorial insignia of the Knights and Grand Matlters. N or are 01U' own countrymen entirely blameless; for in more than one instance a picilu'ed ceiling, or an emblazoned wall, has had to give place to the crude blne and yellow wash and tasteless stencilling, affected by some sergeant of the Royal Engineers. Even oill' attempts to preserve and adorn OlU' public buildings, though well intended, have sometimes been, I might say, disastrous; obliterating landmarks of great historical value, and substituting for real treasures of antiquity the shams of tasteless improvers, It is a great satisfaction to be able to state that no such mistakes are likely to OCCill' again, at least so long as the present Chief Secretary holds his post. Indeed I have to assert, though it may sound contradictory, that few places, when thoroughly eXCl,mined, surpass :l\Ialta in antiquarian interest. Every thing has a history, and that history ranges from the Phmnician times of Hagiar Chem and the traditions of the Apostle of the Gentiles) to the days of our own Stuart sovereigns, the splendolus of the French and Spanish monarchies, and the heroic deeds of Nelson and his compeers. It would be altogether impossible to give even a tolerable sketch of the historical souvenirs which attract you on every side; it is only within my power to indicate the existence of mines worth working by men of more methodical and industrious habits than myself. It is well known to those who have studied the plan of the Great Harbour, that the actual scene of the famous siege was cOnTIned to a very unimportant portion of the present group of towns which constitutes the capital of 1\1 alta. Valetta itself was then simply 1\fount Schebarras, a bare rugged promontory, on the point of which stood an isolated fortress, named after St. Erasmus, patron saint of sailors, St. Elmo, of which nothing sill'vived that fiercest of leaguers save a blackened heap of ruins. The chapel in which the devoted banel of heroes who defended the fort after all hope of reinforcement was cut off, took their communion, still exists, without doubt on its original Hite, and with the foundations of its walls entire. Deep in the rock, on the right, after emerging from the tunnel which forms the eastern entrance to the fort, is au apartment about forty feet by

5 twenty, vaulted with round arches, and with a small apse at one end for the altar: the sides and spandrils of the arches carved in arabesque relief, plainer as to its style, but similar to that of St. John's. The arms of de Lisle Adam, of Grand ~faster Lascaris (1636-57), who erected the present struchue in 1649, and two other coats of arms, which I have not been able to identify, are carved in stone, and form the sole ornaments of the building; strange to say, they are not defaced. This is attributable, probably, to the fact that at the time of French occupation this subterranean chapel was utterly desecrated, and full of rubbish. It was first cleared out by Major Montagu a few years ago, and deserves to be carefully maintained as one of the most affecting relics of the great siege. I may mention that hard by, on the outside of the sally port, is an eye, an emb~em which, with an ear and a goose; the bird of vigilance, the Krnghts were fond of placing upon their ramparts, by way of a perpetual reminder to their sentinels. For the other traces of the famous siege we mmlt, of course, cross the water to St. Angelo; but ere we do so, it will be as well to investigate Valetta itself a little more particularly. I hope to place among our archivcs either a copy, or the photograph of a copy, of the appeal issued by Pope Pius IV. to ~he faithful, asking for contributions to the building of the CIty, which was to be commemorative of the great triumph of the Cross over the Crescent. It was in 1577 that the body of de Lisle Adam was transferred from the chapel of St. Angelo to the newly-erected church of St. J olm by Grand 1\Iaster Cassiere. The world-famed church of St. John is meagre and heavy externally; internally, aruuu'able in the simplicity of its proportions, superb in the profusion of its ornament, unequalled in its sepulcbTal magnificence. ,Vhat it must have been before the spoliation of its treasures by the French, the imagination of the author of Va.thek alone conld have space to conceive. Still grander must have been the effect when the central nave was crowded by Chevaliers of Justice (for chaplains, esquires, and other inferior members of the Order were relegated to the side chapels, whence came a by-word, " You are a gentleman of the transept, I suppose!") ; when the magnificent chandeliers, one of which alone had 197 lights, shed a rich glow upon their equip-

ments; and the splendour of the pictorial decoration was enhanced by the beautiful tapestry, the production of the famous de Vos Brothers of Brussels, for whose looms Rubens did not disdain to work. But even in its every day aspect, and shorn of many of its treasures, it is a glorious edifice. ,~Then I say that it is heavy and meagre in its exterior, it must be owned that there also it has merits of its own. Noone can ascend the roof without being struck by the simple grandeur of the Cyclopean masses of stone which sluTound you, and although the Campo Santo which bounds the south side of the church is plain to a degree, there is a noble simplicity in the resting place of heroes which is truly impressive. A mass of requiem is sung annually on the 7th of September for those who fell in the famous siege of 1565. As the bells of St. John's begin their mOlu'nful toll, and, splendid as they [lre and silvery, the Maltese contrive to jangle their bells most untunefully, the people are said to exclaim, "It is the deliverance of the Knights." The pavement of the church itself is one mass of heraldic emblazonments, in precious marbles of every shade and colour, the mere catalogue of which fills three large folio volumes, commemorating the chevaliers of by-gone days; while gorgeous piles of sculpture, interspersed with bronzes and paintings, mark the resting places of the later Grand Masters of the Order, and other of the more illustrious personages. In the crypt are the tombs of the great revivers of the Order, twelve of the earlier Grand Masters, including de Lisle Adam and de Vallette; and near them lies the secretary of the latter, Sir Oliver Starkey, who 'wrote the epitaph on his patron's monument. I expected to have found his arms there, as a supplementary escutcheon is placed at the feet of the great defender of Christendom; but the arms upon it are those of de Mailioc, three mallets. The inscription, of which the credit is given to Starkey, I have rendered into doggrel, which conveys the sense of its quaint Latin:-

The savioUl' knight, ValieLta's founder sole, From him, Unvanquished, did her name enroll. The dread of .Airic and the East, the guard Of EUl'ope, Tmkey by his arms was marred. First in his own new-founded city laid, IIere to his fame be endless honoUl's paid.

Salvator eques, Vallettre conc1itor unus ; (Civitas:) Invicta ex 1110 nobile nomen habet. Hic SYl'ire Lybireque pavor, Tutelaque quondam EUl'opre, edomitis sacra pel' arma Getis. Primus in hac alma quam conc1ic1it Ul'be sepultus, Vallcttre eterno dign us hono1'e j acet.

On back of bust at museum :-" A true effigy taken immediately after death."

It is curious that the keys of Patras, Passava, L epanto and Amameta, which are displayed in the chapel of St, Sebastian, should pass muster in common acceptation as the keys of Jerusalem and Rhodes, thus adding another apocryphal relic to the long list of those which survive even modern researches. A more interesting subject of investigation by far are the treasures in the sacristy-some very beautiful and ancient embroidery, one piece in particular, representing the miraculous repulse of the rrurks in their attack on Citta Vecchia; and beautifully illuminated service books, twenty-two in all, of various dates, from the commencement of the 16th to the end of the 17th century. On one of these is a splendid emblazonment of de Lisle Adam's arms, " 0., on a chief Az., a hand and maniple Erru."; a coat which I conjecture to have been an augmentation allusive to his having brought the hand of St. John from Rhodes, quartering "G. crusilly fitchy, two barbels addorsed 0." His badge, a flaming sword; and motto" pour la foy," are also emblazoned there. The arms of Grand Masters Lascaris, Paula and Caraffa are also emblazoned on a volume, of which the lower edge of the pages, worn by much use, has been frequently renewed. The three volumes to which I have already referred give such full details of the armorial monuments of the church, that I shall not dwell upon these memorials. The magnificent painted ceiling win be described ere long in the handbook to Malta, by the Rev. G. N. Godwin, and I hope in a special monograph, with a plan, by Mr. Inglott, the learned Collector of Customs at Valetta, to whose kindness I ·am indebted for much information, and especially for the photographs of the Passport of a Knight, which I have presented to the Council. But, in my own line, I must just call attention to the benches in the chapel of the Dedication of St. John, the first on the right as you enter the church, seats carved and inlaid with the

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armorial escutcheons 01' badges of the different langues, France, Germany, Spain, &c., very charming specimens of art workmanship. It was in this chapel that the great relic of the Order, the hand of St. John, was preserved in a gauntlet-like case of solid g old bej ewelled, and with a huge gemmed ring lying by it, which Napoleon took and placed on his own finger, ordering the case to be removed on board the" Orient," and contemptuously telling Grand :Th!I:aster Hompesch that he might keep the relic itself. The hand is now at St. Petersburgh, where Hompesch presented it to the Emperor Paul. L eaving St. John's, the regularity of the plan of Valetta becomes evident; the main street, Str:;tcla Reale, runs the whole length of the city from east to west, and is flank ed by parallel streets, the two principal of which are the Strada Mercanti, where you may study to advantage on most of the doors the dolphin knockers of admirable design, and the Strada Forni, so named from the Bakery of the Knights, where the closed balconies, which are so characteristic a feature of t.he domestic architecture, are most numerous and handsome. At the foot of this latter street stands the "Baviere," the auberge of the Anglo-Bavarian langue, stately and well-proportioned; but as it only dates from 1784, quite of a late Italian style. In some few rooms the painted ceilings and emblazonments remain. I traced what I supposed to be a Polish coat (for the Poles had a joint occupation of the auberge) and a monogram, in the quarters of one of the officers of the 35th Regiment. But little of interest remains to discover, and the neighbourhood is most squalid, being the ancient Jews' quarter of the city. In fact, the whole of this eastern end of Valetta is stamped with the character of inferiority which the rule of the Knights gave it when they enacted that no woman might walk up the Strada Reale above the Strada Cristofero; though this was not by any means the only arbitrary regulation which they enforced. A Maltese gentleman assured me that his father remembered having to step into the roadway whenever he saw a Knight approaching on the footpath. No carriages save those of the Knights were suffered in the central portion of the Strada Reale, and any lady wishing to leave the city by the Porto Reale had to avoid the main street in doing so. Tn everything the distinc-

t.iOllS of a military aristocracy were most strictly enforced, nor was any native suffcred to enter the ranks of the Knights until, under de Rohan, Amabile Vella, who. e tomb may be . een at Ferrara, whither he resorted after the broaking up of the Order, was admitted. The Auberge d'Angleterre seems to have been the least splondid of all these superb mess-houses. Situated on the site of the present Opera House, it must have lookcd shabby by contrast to the grand Aubergo de Castile hard by, and to oth~r fine b-uildings of that western end of the town. Even the private houses of Valetta are for the most part palatial. ,Vith an opon corridor 01' recessed poroh, shut off from the street only by a little wicket-gate to keep off the multitudinous urchins "\vho swarm in tho. treets, and the goats who gravely dawcUe down the pavements and up the stall's at cortain hOLu's of the day to be milked at their customers' doors, pioking up all manner of fragm ents of food on their way, the folding doors are gOl1orall) imposing in size and workmanship, and garnished wit.h thoso elegant knockers I have already mentioned, mostly in the form of dolphin~, but more rarely, as at the Custom House, huge finely formed handle of brass. III one house in Strada :Thlercanti tho arms of Grand Master Pinto are up on a lmocker, *" the building being probably his private house before his election. It is worth noting that Pinto is claimed as a relative by the H ebre,,- family of that name in P ortu gal; if .0, a violation of that stringent rule, "et ex perpetua ChristianoruID stirpe, nulla ,Judeorum, aut aliorum a fid e no"trfi alienol'ul11 Hclmictione, tl'axtOlis originem." I do not know whether a small w oodcut ill :'IIr. Bartlett's "Overland Route" is a faithful resemblance of the Auberge d'Angleterre. It was demolished in 1861, a few years after h e "i ited it. The account in Chiantar's continuation of Abela iF; to this effect: :, The auberge was the large hou e between

* Of Grand Muster Pinto "e have a graphic description in Bryc1 nne' tour, 1778. He is a clear·headed, sensible, little old man. Although he is considerably upwards of ninety, he retains all the faculties of his mind in perfcction. He has no minister, but manages cverything himself, anc1 has immediate information of the mo t minute occurrences. ITe walks up and do"ll stail's, and cven to church without a si lance, and has the appearance as if hc would still live for many years. ITis household attendance and court are all vcry princely; and as Grand Ma tel' of }Ialta he is more absolute and possesses more pov,-er than most sovereign princes. .\ 3

11 1(l

the square of the church of St. Anthony the Abbot, called the Vittoriosa, and the street of Porto Reale, as is evident from the statue of Pallas placed on a corner of the said house. with the escutcheon of the Grand Master Verdala in its hand, with the inscription beneath. somewhat defaced by \\-enther, T to Y cl'c1ulre scuto, longc Plusqnu111 proprio, crncntiull1 San glU llC, lYIcc1usre gcnns, nOl'itcl' IIostcs cffugct, dometque Pallas. lIoc sibi non.un honoris simulacrum mCl'UiS"l', Viator quid mil'ul'is. A.D. MDLXXXXr.'"

The chapel of flagellation, in the church of St. John, belonged to the English langue, but was afterwards transferred to that of Germany. The ncighbouring Auberge de Ca, tile is one of the finest buildings in the city, but has suffered, in all historical point of ,riew, from the recolouring of its once emblazoned ceilings. The Auberge de Provence, now the Union Club, is also a fine building with a highly decorated hall of entrance, where the arms of Jerusalem are to be noticed, and a very elaborately decorated ball-room. The Auberge d'Aragon was once the palace of our Anglican Bishop of Gibraltar; but of the remaining auberges the most interesting is that of Italy, over the gateway of which is 1:1 large bust of the Grand JUaster Caraffa, surrounded by a trophy of warlike \veapons, all carved from the marble columns of the ruined temple of Proserpine at Entarfa, neal' Citta Vecchia. In the quadrallgle there is a very fine well, and in the vestibule a monument recording the benefaction of a knight named Ventmille, who left houses at Messina for fitting out a certain 1lumber of gallies for the use of the Order. This in fact was thl' great source of their power: the stream of private benefactions, which, in addition to the large enforced subsidies, con,tantly poured into their coffers. No wonder that, as Thackeray say,'. "the names of these gentlemen live as yet in the forts of the place, which all seem to have been eager to build and to christen, so that it seems as if, in the M.alta mythology, they had 1 <=0n tluned into £:eestone." One of the greatest of these benefaction,' was that of a knight called Ricasoli, of whom I saw a faded portrait at Citta Vecchia, who literally survives in stone

in the huge fort at the south entrance ~to the h~rbolu' . But I must hasten to ground more interestlng. It will naturally be the wish of the members of the Engbsh Order to heal' of the hospital work as traceable in the remains of its buil:ling~'. In the south-east cornel' of the new city was erected, In ID75, a grand refuge for the sick, the principal room of which, 185 fe~t long, 34 broad and 30 high, is one of the fines~ apartments 111 the world. It is so nobly proportioned that Its vast length seen':s equalised by the breadth and heigllt, anc~ th.e lofty roof, with chestnut beams, exposed to view, is as dIgnified a.s .the arcade of any Norman cathedral. It was not the ongmal hospital, for that still exists in the Borgo ~s a n:1illlery; over its doorway, one of the few Gothic remams, bemg a carverl panel, with the pomegranate conspicl~ous amid its ornament. The present structure, with the exceptIon of the room already referred to was mainly remodelled by Grand Mastel' Perello " whose arm~, the three pear', are grouped in a fountain ~n the outer quadrangle, and repeated upon the great mortar In the pharmacy, with the date 1710. From t~e. quadrangle, n.o w somewhat out of square by addition of bmlding 01' subtractlOn of room as you choose to take it, two doorwC1Ys le~\'d, one upstairs to a ward emblazoned with arms of Grand Hospltallers, another to a pa,ssage (at the end of which are three fielus-de-lys for Grand Master de Yignacourt) leading to the great hall. On the south wall of this enormouS chamber is a picture of some merit, representing Sultan Bajazet's gift of the right hand of St. J o~n to the Granel :ThIaster Dubusson; and halfway down the room IS the chapel of the Holy Sacrament, fo unded in 1712. The ho~pital, next to the church of St. J ohn, was the place of the hlghest sanctity. It was a sanctuary for criminals. All officers had to leave thf'ir badges of office at the door. There were ward for the exclusive cure of heretics. The Knights of Provence took charge of patients on Sundays, and were followed by the other langues according to seniority. Teonge, writing in 1675, says, "Tis so broade that 12 men may "rith ease walke abrest up the midst of it : and the bedds are on each syd, standing on 4 yron pillars, with white clutens and vallands and covering extreamly neate and kept cleane and swecte; the sick serv8d all in sylver plate; and it contains above 200 bedds below, A4

12 13 besyds many spations rooms in other quadrano'les within for the chief cavaliers and knights) with pleasallt wallres and gardens; and a stately house for the chiefe doctor and other his attendants." Sandy, a few years earlier, gives a similar account saying~ ': 8t. John's Hospital doth merit regard, not only fo; the ~Ullchllg, but for the entertainment there given; for all that faJl SICk are achnitted thereunto. The knights themselves there lodge when hurt 0]' diseased, where they have physic for the body and the soul also, such as they give; the attendants ma~y, the beds overspread with fine canopies, every fortnight ha~ng ~ c~lange of linen. Served they are by the junior knIghts In SlIver, and ever:r Friday by the Great l\iaster himself accompanied with the Great Crosses; a service obliged Ullt~ fl:om the first institution, and therefore called knights 1108pltallers." In 1788 the plate was valued at £3,449: over £600 was spent ~lpon destitute children, and the total expenses ,vere ~7,947, bemg an average of 10d. a head per day. But at that hme great abuses had set in. Howard is recorded to have visited it in 1786, and to have adell-essed a strong remonstrance teo the Grand Mastel' upon the state in which it was then kept. , He ~sk~d me what I thought of his hospitals? I faithfully told his hIghness my sentiments, and made some of the remarks I now publish, adding if he himself would sometimes walk over the hospitals, many abuses would be corrected. But my animadversions ' ' . were l'eck one d t 00 free, ye t b emg encouraged by the satlsfactlOn which the patients seemed to receive from my. frequent visits, I continued them, and I have rea 'on to bebeve they produced an alteration for the better in the state of these hospitals, with l'espect to cleanliness and attention to the patients" '.r. ' . . . Th ese, m lact, were the pomts whlCh struck our great pnson reformer, especially by contrast with the Grand l\1aster's st~ble wit~ its forty neat grooms for fifty-two quadrupeds, and ltS runnmg fOlmtain, wllile that in the hospital was dry. ,Vhen we read that the 500 patients were only attended by t~e~ty-two servants, of whom the most part were debtors, or crlI~llnals who had fled thither for refuge, and that while the ~ery SICk and superior class of patients were still served on SlIver, the ~reat bulk of tIle inmates were served on pewter; it seems pOSSIble that, under the external appearance of care and

lavish expenditure, inhunlan carelessness was rampant, especially as the post of governor had becOlne so little an 0 bj ect of ambition, as invariably to fall into the hands of a young and inexperienced member of the Order. Howard mentions a house adjoining the Great Hospital, in his day only used for wa,'hing linen. This is now known as the Camerata, and is occupied hy married soldiers and their families. The Hospital for Incurables, founded in 1646, stands neal' to the Great Hospital, and contaim; one of the most singular sights in Valetta, viz., a subterranean mortuary chapel, in which the ornaments are entirely human hones: thigh bones, vertebnB, skulls, arranged in fluted columnR, mouldings, and bases, &c. The silver furniture of the Great Hospital was carried off by the French, and is supposed to have gOlle down at the battle of the Nile; but many of the earthellware jars in the pharmacy are preserved in the Armoury of the Palace, neatly arranged, and protected from injury. No doubt many have been lost, and a few still remain in forgotten corners, 01' in the hands of private individuals who bave acquired them. They are often very elegant in form, one favourite shape being Hll owl, and generally, as far as my observation went, Inarked with the arms of de Vignacourt 01' Perellos. The Armoury itself is a delightful resort~ full of rare weapons, some rude, R()me highly finished, although the specimens it contains are limited to a very brief, and by comparison, late period of the history of armour, and it is also of necessity ahnost devoid of that which forms the great attraction of most collections, equestrian suits of armour. I cannot but regard aR a disfigurement also, those effigies or erect shells of ordiIHtl'y foot soldiers, which bear upon their rondache shields. with ludicrous disregard of historical propriety, the arms of Grand M<1sters and Governors from the First Crusade to the reign of Queen Victoria. It is an exhibition of the same bad taste which transferred the admirable statue of Neptune, the masterpiec(' of John .of Bologna, from the fish-market to a back quach-anglo in the palace, where he presides over a few pints of trickling fluid in a cistern; and again placed the statue of Grand l\1astel' Manuel in the garden in front of the Bibliotheca, with which he had nothing to do, leaving on his pedestal the original inscription appropriate to the first situation of the monument in Fort l\'Ianuel;

describing the subject of the sculptor, as placed ill the middle of his own admired work. I am afraid SOlne architectural improver has hidden, by conventional decoration, some very interesting views of the old city in one of the galleries of the palace. Fortunately the good taste which now pervades the government of the island has reformed such practices, and the frescoes of de Vignacourt, depicting the exploits of the Knights, and the quaint and valuable pictures of sea fights in the council chamber, are not likely to suffer by any neglect or want of care; though they will always be overshadowed, as far af-; the admirer of beauty, or the mere casual visitor is concerned, by the noble tapestry, representing scenes in Africa and America, after the designs of the French painter Desportes, and the gift of the Grand laster Despuig. I must now say a passing word about the Archives, preserved with ample care in the same building. ,Vith the exception of the two documents, which I have had transcribed for our Library, there is not much relating to England, but these two deerls are of high interest; the first being the Act of Henry VIII, substituting himself for the head of the Order, and 111aking its tenure of English lands contingent on the reception of the oath of allegil-1nce by the Priors. On the title there is a portrait of Henry (without a beard), under a canopy, above which is the Holy Dove-the King holding sceptre and orb. Between the capitals of the title are, in order, a fleur-de-Iys; a 1ion sejant, crowned, holding banner with a rose; a rose; a dragon sejant, holding a banner with a fleur-de-lys; and another lleul'-de-Iys. The first great seal of Henry is attached. The other historical curiosity is the Act of Philip and Mary, restoring the Irish Priories of the Order. This also contains, in its initial letter, full-length portrait figures of the king and queen under a canopy, and is sealed with their great seal. But, with the exception of a few receipts, and a small collection of original letters from English kings and ministers, there is little directly bearing on the English history of the Order, and of that little all that is worth telling has been preserved in 111'. Larking's book, printed for the Camden Society in 1857. I need only mention that, in the ordinary chronicles of the Order, .'ome amusing scraps of inform a tion about individuals may

15 be met with; such as the row, ?-ixa, in 1535, between Christopher Mires, David Guyon) and Philip Babington, "milites vene?Oandce linguce Anglicance," who fought" even to the effusion of blood," and were punished with solitary confinement and bread and water. Nor are there many heraldic man.uscripts; a few arms of Italian Knights being the principal. There is, however, in the Bibliotheca a very good collection of the arms of the Grand Masters, and the French Knights, dated 1675. There arc several of the processes of the admission of knights still preserved, but in everyone I examined, the genealogical tree, thouo'h inserted in the index of documents, is not forthcoming, o perhaps having been restored to the owner. I may here mention that no records of the hospital older than the last century are preserved. 80me extremely intcresting charters of very early date, and many of the early seals of the Order, and of potentates with whom it has been allied, have been photographed by M. Delaville de Roux, of Paris, a gentleman who is said to be contemplating a history of the Crusades. I obtained a catalogue of these valuable replicas, and hope some friend of the Order may be enabled to secure a set of them for our Library. There is a small but interesting museum ill the Bibliotheca, in which are the two casts of the heads of de Lisle Adam and La Vallette (of which I have presented d.l'awings), a Norman capital from the old well in Citta Vittoriosa, and a piece of wood carving from Rhodes. There are also in the same room, 179 dies, matrices, and punches of de Rohan and Hompesch's coinage, but none of them have any special interest or beauty. This discursive paper cannot come to an end without some reference to the scenes of the immortal siege. The Castle of St. Angelo has no doubt been much modernized, but there are several portions of it which connect themselves indubitably with the period of that grand struggle. The central tower of the fort bears over its gateway the arms of Sicily, hacked off by the French, but still plainly traceable; a little onwards a vaulted staircase, with bosses bearing religious impresses, and N orman capitals to the columns, leads to what was no doubt Roger of Sicily's original strongbold, and in going out upon the

ramparts you may see below the square walled garden of de Lisle Adam, with an escutcheon of his arms, and a date, in a little alcove, 1533. Here the old warrior must have spent the few hours of leisure and rest he had so well earned, and in the little round arched chapel above he was laid, although he i said to have died jn Citta Vecchia. The monument erected to him by his compeer, Anthony de GroJea, is a very elegant specimen of alabaster, the escutcheon, enclosed by two barbel united by rings at their snouts and tails, being an extremely graceful heraldic arrangement. The epitaph is affecting in its tribute to his excellence. I append Ml'. Bartlett's translation.

The brunt of the assault was borne by the bastion of Castile, on the landward side of the Borgo; and it is recorded that La Valette transferred his quarters to that side of the town in order to be nearer the scene of action. I was fortunately able to detect a valuable piece of corroborative evidence of this incident, as in a house immediately adjoining the old Armoury of the Knights, situated in that very part of the town, I observed a square stone, carved with an escutcheon of La Valette's arms; as it was merely a small private residence, evidently the stone was there by way of memorial. Senglea, at the time of the siege, was a garden or menagerie belonging to the Grand Master. The stockade, about which we read so much, was not, as some writers assert, across the mouth of Senglea Creek, but was intended to protect the western face of the promontory, which had no fortification except a low and ruinous park wall at the time of the siege. The rings to whiuh they fixed the chain which closed the harbour ,hom St. Angelo to Isola Point, and protected the bridge of boats between Senglea and the Borgo, are still to be seen. I might prolong this paper by reference to many other interesting historical relics, such as those in the treasury of the chlU'ch of St. Lorenzo, or contained in the stately but profoundly silent city of Citta VeccLia, which made such an impression upon the author of the" Crescent and the Cross," 01' at rrunis and Syracuse, or to the chapel of St. John at Genoa. But two considerations forbid me to continue, the one that I have ah'eady taken up sufficient time, the othel' that I do not wish to go over ground which will soon be better occupied by others. I add, by way of appendix, a catalogue of the arms of the Grand Masters of the Order, and a few other heraldic notes, which may help to indicate or identify the heroes of the Hospital and their works.

Valour the Vanquisher of Fortlme, Frere Philip Villiers d'Isle Adam Master of the IIospital of Malta Having aclvanced and re-established his declining Order Worn out by a ten years' dispersion in diITerent countries ' settled at Malta, where he consecrated this little e~ific~ in the name of Jesus for his place of sepulture_ He died ill the year of salvation 153.1" on the 22nd August, above the age of seventy. Frere Anthon! de Grolea, a most warm admirer of his glory while living, so also of his memory when dead, caused this inscription to be set up,

The chapel is a very lmpretending Norman structure, now used as a school . The only peculiarity it affords is the column of red marble, said to have been brought from Rhodes and originally to have formed part of the chapel of the Ore1er at J el'usalem. It is a plain cylinder, with a sman chamfer capital and base. Another tradition asserts that it is a relic of the t emple of Juno, which stood just outside the fort on the landward side, where the ditch is now cut. Below the chapel in the solid rock is a large cave, in which the galley slayes were lodged; similar caves are also excavated at the back of the Admiralty House, and giYe, like the name for their bathing-place, the" Bay of Insects," a faint idea of the haI:s~ treatment _endured by the miserable captives of the rehglOn) ~ho, chamed five to an oar and driven by the lash, had to .assist at th~ extermination of their fellow countrymen by supplJlng th,e motIve power of a speed, which in a swift galley was oft~n thIrteen knots an hour. From the roof of St. Angelo a good Idea of the scene of the great conflict may be gathered,

r ]8

APPENDIX A.

LIST OF ARMS OF GRAND :MASTERS OF 'rHE ORDER OF ST. JOHN.

1099. 1120. 1131. 1160. 1163. 1167. 1167. 1179. 1179. 1187. 1187. 1192. 1194. 1105. 1206. 1230. 1240. 1244. 1248. 1248. 1260. 1278. 1288. 1294. 12\)6. 1296. 1346. 1346. 1353. 1355. 1365.

Gerard. Az., a lion rampant A. Ruggiero. Az., three quatrefoils A. Rymond. 0., a lion rampant G. de Balben. S., on a bend cotised wavy A., three martlets G. de Camps. G., an eagle displayed checky A. and S. D'Assali. Az., somee d'estoiles) a lion rampant O. Casto. G., a cross wavy, fitchy at foot. Jobert of Syria. 0., on a cross S., five escallops. de Molins. A., on a cross moline an escallop. de Soria. S., a cross potent A. D' Aps. A., a ca tIe reversed G. de Duisson. Az., a bend ermine. Alphonso. A., five escutcheons in cross Az., each charged with as many plates in saltire; on a bordure G., seven ca~tlos O. Le Rat. Az., a unicorn rampant A. de Monte Acuto. G., a castle on a mound O. de Texi. G., a fess O. Gerini. A., a double-headed eagle Az. de Camps. G., an eagle displayed checky A. and S. de Villabrida. Checky A. and G., a chief ermine. de Castelnovo. G., three castles A. Ugorevel. 0., a wing Az. de LOl'glle. A., a fess G. de Villers. A., two chevronels Az. de Pins. G., three pines, stalks upwards, O. de Villarette. 0., on three rocks G., three birds. de Pagnac. 0., a chevron reversed Az. on a chief G., three quatrefoils. de Villanova. G., fretty of lances and semee of escutcheons O. de Gozzone. G., a bend A. and baton Az. in a bordure embattled of the second. de Corneliano. G., on a bend A. three chougbs, de Pins. G., three pine-apples, stalks upwards, O. Ber·enger. 0., a cross patee G. (otherwise) gyronny of 8 O. and G.

de Juliaco. A., a cross fleurette G. and a label of fom point · l~Z. D'Eredia. G., seven castles, 3,3, 1, A. Caraciolo. Az., a lion rampant A. Narlacio. Az., two lions passant A. Fluviano. 0 ., a fess G. Lastic. S., a fess A., and bordure G. de Milli. G., a chief indented A. Zacosta. 0., three bars dancette G., Oll a belld S. eight plates. des Usins. A., three bendlets G., a chief party per fess, 1, A., a rose G.; 2, 0., a snake passant V. 1476. d'Aubusson. 0., a cross moline G. 1;')03. d'Amboi e. Palyof six O. and G.; otherwise 0., three pallets G. 1512. de Blanchefort. 0 ., two lions passant G. 1513. de Canetto. G., five bendlets O. 1522. de Lisle Adam. 0., a chief Az.: an arm issuing from sini tel' chief, vested and manipled Ermine, fringed 0.; hand expanded proper (sometimes on the maniple a cross bottony) . Quartering: G., crusilly fitchy, two barbels addorsed O. Device, a flaming sword; motto, Pour la foy. 1534. del Ponte. A., a saltire G. 1535. de St. Gralla. V., a swan A., beaked and membered G. 1536. D'Omedes. Party per pale: 1, G., three castles 0.; 2, 0 ., a pine tree V. 1553. de la Sengle. 0., on a saltire 8. five escallops A. 1557. de Vallette. Party per pale, 1, G. a falcon A. ; 2, G. a lion rampant O. 1568. de Monte. Az., on a bend of the first, fimbriated O. between two olive boughs of the last, three mountains A. 1572. de la Cassiere. A., a lion rampant G. 1582. Verdala. G., a wolf ali ant O. 1595. Garzes. Az., a swan passant A., in chief three six-pointed mullets O. 1602. de Vignacourt. A., three fleurs-de-lys G., couped at foot; a label S. 1622. de Vasconcellos. A., three bars party nebulee S. and G., in dexter chief a mullet. 1623. de Paula. Az., from a sheaf in base a peacock in pride issuant proper; on a chief G. three mullets O. 1636. Lascaris. 0., an eagle displayeu double headed S.; in chief a crown G. 1657. de Redin. Arg., a cross quarterly O. and G. 1660. de Clermont. G., two keys in saltire A.; in chief a crescelJt, (sometimes on escutcheon Az. a fleur-de-Iys). 1650. Cotoner. 0., a cotton bough fructed proper. 1680. Caraffa. G., three bar A. a branch raguly in bend V. 1690. Vignacourt. A., three fleurs-de-lys G. couped at foot.

1373. 1376. 1383. 1396. 1421. 1437. 145·1. 1461. 1467.

1697. Perellos. 0., three pears V. 1720. Zandadari. Az., three quatrefoils between two bencUets A. 1722. Manuel de Villena. A., a lion rampant G., impaling G., an arm winged 0., holding a sword proper. 1736. Despui~" G., a rock surmounted by a fieur-de-Iys charged with an estOlle of the first. 1742. Pinto. A., five crescents in saltire G. 1773. Ximenes. G., a lion rampant crowned 0., quartering V. a castle triple towered A., with banner of St. John displayed. 1778. De Rohan. G., nine rnascles O. 1798. H ompesch. G., a saltire dentelle A.

XIV. A., a chevron S. between three trefoils V. XV. Barry of eight, A and S, ten martlets in pile of the second. XVI. G., three mallets O. XVII. A~., three bezants between nine crescents A. XVIII. Az., Supporters, two eagles proper. In Cloister. The Order quartering A, three fieurs -de-lys. SupporterR, hands holding swords erect O. In Hospital Store. On boss in centre, a lion rampant.

APPENDIX B. COATS OF ARMS iN UPPER WARD OF HOSPITAL, .ALL ON CROSS, AND WITH CHIEF G., A CROSS A., AS PRIORS OF THE ORDER. I. A. a lion rampant G. crowned O. quartering; 2, Az., three fleurs-de-Iys 0.; S, O. a fess checky A. and G. ; 4, Az., semee de-Iys two dolphins endorsed 0.; 5, G. a cross A.; 6, Az., a lion rampant A.; 7, Barry of eight A. and G., a lion rampant S.; 8, Az., six plates in pile and a chief 0., on an escutcheon of pretence, O. two cows passant G. Supporters, two griffins. II. A., three bends Az., on a chief G. a lion passant guardant crowned O. III. Az., two swords in saltire, points downwards, proper, hilts O. IV. Az., three eagles displayed in fess A. V. Party per pale A. and G., three crosslets in chief Az. VI. A., a lion rampant S. Supporters, two griffins O. V II. Az., a lion saliant O. VIII. 0., two lozenges Az., on a chief of the second, two bezants. IX. G., three six foils A. Supporters, two lions O. X. A., on a fess G., three crosslets 0., in chief three martlets S. Supporters, two savage men wreathed V., each with club on shoulder proper. XI. A., a lion rampant Az. Supporters, two lions O. XII. Az., a lion rampant O. XIII. 0., fretty G., in each fret a hurt; on a base of the first a label reversed of the second. Supporters, two griffins O.

COATS OF ARMS IN CITY OF VALETTA. In Auberge de Provelice. Arms of Jerusalem. In St. Angelo. G., aero s A. (defaeed) quartering on a chief a dexter hand extended with a sleeve and maniple Ermine; the shield enclosed by two barbel fish coupled at snout and tail by rings ; for de Lisle Adam. In St. Elmo Chapel. Two bends, on a chief a dog (qy. a lion) passant, collared~ impaling, three bars. On a bend, a fieur -de-Iys, between a label in sinister chief, and a lion passant regardant in dexter base. Also, de Lisle Adam, and Lascaris quartered by Order. In Baviere. Quarterly A., three lozenges in bend sinister S. 2 and 3; A., three quatrefoils G. (or purpure?): on an escutcheon of pretence G. (or pur pure) a pair of pincers O. In Garrison Library. A., five crescents in saltire G. (for Pinto), and Manuel quartered by Order.

THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE HOSPITAL PATIENT AFTER HIS DISCHARGE. BY

E. H. SIEVEKING, ESQ., M.D. F.S.A., Physician Extraordinary to H.M. tlze Queen, Plzysz'cz'an in Ordinary to H.R.H. tlte Prz'nce of J-Vales, A~ HONORARY ASSOCIATE OF THE ORDER.

PAPER READ AT A

MEETING OF MEMBERS OF THE

gortJer of

~t.

]obn of

]eru~alem

in QEnglantJ,

AND OTHERS,

At the Residence of SIR EDMUND A. H. LECHMERE, BART., M.P. (Secretary and Receiver), On JULY 21st, 1880,

LONDON: HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MART IN'S LANE, ~rint.crs

in ©rbinarJ.l i.o :IDtr

1880.

~1Cljfst!l'.

THE HOSPITAL PATIENT AFTER HIS DISCHARGE.

LONDON: l'RINTED BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.

FEW things* are more distressing to the t.houghtful physician in his hospital minist.rations, than the knowledge that many of his patients, after their discharge from his immediate care: are compelled to r eturn to a calling for which their illness has permanently incapacitated t.hem. I do not now wish to dwell upon the mere atony 01' weakness, the necessary consequence of all disease. This should be met by sending patients, whatever their previous malady, to convalescent homes, which ought to be as integral a part of a hospital a,s any other feature in the constitution of a well organised institution for the Cln'e of the sick. The general public are becoming more and more alive to this hygienic, and, I should be disposed to add, economical feature in state medicine, and I trust that the Order of St. J 01n will, as far as possible, aid in the movement which is taking place in this direction, throughout the country. Permit me to assume, for the present, that the hospital and the convalescent home have done all that can be achieved in the way of restoration to health; there will ever remain a considerable percentage of individuals who will be unable to follow any calling entailing severe physical exertion, such as they undertook before they were attacked by a particular malady. The physician knows, and warns them with a heavy heart, that some essential part of their organism has received permanent injury; and that, sooner or later, eutire and complete failure of their powers must, when they are overtaxed, carry them back to the hospital, and end. a life of pain and anxiety. The class of persons to which I refer are particularly deserving of help and consideration. They are not the habitual ch'ullkard or debauchee, not the r eckless and improvident, hut especially the "" This paper was originally intended to be read at the Annual General.A. sembly of the Order of St. John, on June 24th, but circumstances having prevented this from being done, the Secretary, Sir Edmund Lechmere, kindly invited the members of the Order, and others whose advice and opinion were valued, to a meeting at his private residcnce, on July 21 t, for the purpose of discussing thc author's yiews and suggestions.

young and previously robust, who from exposure, overwork, scanty food and insufficiellt clothing, have contracted some serions disease, often directly or indirectly in the service of their social superiors. Let a single instance suffice to explain my meaning-. One of the commonest maladies of this country is rheumatic fever, which attacks both sexes alike, and to which the young, between the ages of ten and tllli:ty, are particularly prone. Painful as it is, it is rarely followed by a fatal issue, and the immediate results of treatment are almost invariably satisfactory, so far as the suffering and the fever are concerned. But however great OlU' advances in the therapeutics of the disease have been of late years- and they are indeed strikingit is fOlmd that in a considerable proportion of cases, the heart, the central organ of the circulation, has become more or less impaired. Its coarser lesions are easily discovered and met for the time; but these, and more subtle injuries, that frequently do not manifest themselves at once, are liable to entail not only discomfort, but seriuus disability for physicR.l work. Now many of our patients that are disqualified from returning to the occupation of labourer, carpenter, stonemason, maid-of· all work, housemaid, nursemaid, and similar employments, would be perfectly well fitted to undertake some lighter occupation, not necessitating severe physical labour ; but the question constantly arises, how are they, in the absence of any social influ· Gnce, or any acquaintance that can help them, to attain the desired 0 bj ect ? Among all the many existing charities, I am not acquainted with one to whom I could appeal for aid under these circumstances. I have a great objection to ask that a new society should be formed, with a freEh organisation, a new claim upon the purse of the much-suffering public, a flU'ther demand upon the time of the working charitable members of the community. But it appears to me, that I may well submit the consideration of this matter to an institution that already exists, and whose objects seem to me to harmonise- completely with the particular project which I wish to see carried out. May I suggest that the work already inaugura~ed by the Order of St. John would inspire the general public with great confidence, if the Order would initiate 'ome system, by whieh the want, that I have

brought t.o your notice, could be met. A certain amount of labo at and, necessarily, personal interest in the work, are required; but the chief element of succeSs appears to me to lie in the confidence that, I believe, the members of the Order have won among the general public, by the generous and unselfish work that has already been done. Situated as the House of the Order is, on the confines of the great metropolitan commercial centre, it may be permitted to hope that many employers of labour would be willing to receive suggestions from and place their interest at the disposal of a well-organised Committee of the Order. The working plan for the scheme thR.t I would venture to offer, would be comprised under the following heads: 1. The nomination of a working committee of the Order of St. John. 2. The establishment of a system of registration of all firms, offices, companies, able and willing to accept the suggestions of the Order with reference to employment of convalescents. 3. The co-operation of the Order with the authorities of recognised hospitals, from whom alone the specially suitable cases should be recommended. Should these general features commend themselves to the Order, the detailed outline would easily be filled up, but this acceptance must necessarily be preceded by the admission of the possibility of the plan, and still more of the necessities of the case. N ow I think I may state, without fear of contradiction, that all ho pital surgeons and physicians would endorse the main fact upon which my argument is built, viz., that the want is a real, and not a sentimental one; that a considerable number of our hospital patients, cured as far as medical aid can effect a cure, are rendered by their malady incompetent to follow a life of hard physical labour, but still able to earn a living sufficient for their station, provided that they are placed in a suitable position to do so. This, neither their time nor their opportunities allow the medical men to find for their charges, and tlus it i , that you are invited here through the kin~ess of Sir Edmund and.Lady Lechmere to consideI!, But I do not ask you simply to take my individual word on the matter, I propose reading to you a few replies from repre\

sentative members of our profession belonging to diff'el'en t hospitals in order to show how complete the accord is which exists among us. The following note was addressed to these gentlemen whose status in and out of the medical profeRsion gives special value to the opinions expressed in the answers they favoured me with, and which are now appended.

might be saved by a change in employment. Only last month I had a patient who had been a porter in the hospital, and was in all respects qualified for a useful position, save that one wrist was damaged by rheumatism. "Many would have been glad to have such a mall, but at present there are no means of finding out the particular persons. If anything could be done in this way it would be of great use, and now and then people would pick up valuable servants." 5. From Dr. Bristowe, St. Thomas's IIospital:"I entirely agree with you tha.t some institution, or some means for helping hospital patients to give up occupations which are injurious to them, and to earn their livelihood in some other way, is a great desideratum. I should think the experience of all h(,spital physicians is to the same effect; viz., that, over and over again, we turn out patients who have been largely benefited by hospital treatment, and who, if their occupations were changed for such as are more suitable for them, might live for many years; but who, we know, are compelled at once to return to their old courses of life, are certain to have recurrences of the illnesses for which they have been under trea.tment, and for whom, under the circumstances, constant ill-health and early death are the only prospects. It would. be easy to enumerate a series of classes of cases in point; for example, young girls suhject to rheumatism, and suffering from heart disease, who have to gain a livelihood in domestic service; men with heart disease who have to earn their living by mauuallabour; painters who have already had colic and palsy, who are obliged to go on with their pursuits; patients with chronic bronchitis or early phthisis who are compelled by their necessities to undergo constant exposure to weather and other such insalubrious conditions, &c., &c. "I think your thought is a very happy one; and if you succeed in yonr endeavour, you will deserve (if you do not receive) the gratitude both of the poor patients themselves, and of aU to whom the welfare of the poor is a subject of solicitude." 6. From Dr. Handfield Jones, St. Mary's Hospital : "Unquestionably I should be very glad to see some such arrangement as you refer to in your note made possihle. I do not suppose that many could be benefited thereby, but it would be well to have experience in the matter." 7. From Dr. Hug'hlings Jackson, London Hospital:" I most heartily approve of your project. It is a really charitable thing. I have long wished patients suffering from lead could have a good chance of changing their occupati.on." 8. From Dr. A .•J ulius Pollock, Charing Cross Hospital:" I am quite of your way of thinking that in certain cases of illness a change of occupation, upon the patients becoming well, might save a repetition of the evil, and in several instances save the individual fro111 becoming a permanent invalid."

" May 18, 1880. " My

dear~---

1\ Will you kindly tell me whether your experience justifies you in agreeing with me, that it would be very desirable to encourage some system by which certain of our patients, after leaving the hospital, could oUtain an employment different froll their pTevious calling, for which illne s had permanently disqualified them? I have some prospect of interesting an important Society in this matter, and I hope, by a mutual understanding between employers of labour and the Association, that some help (not of an eleemosynary character) may be given to deserviJ1g individuals. " I neither ask for your time nor yonI' money, but shall be glad to hear whether or not your views coincide with mine as to there being scope for such work. " Very truly yours,

"E. H.

SIEVEKl ~G."

REPLIES.

1. From Dr. Risdon Bennett, President, Royal College of Physicians : " I have no doubt that it would be a great boon to many deserving poor people if means could be devi~ed to provide them with suitable employment on leaving our hospitals rendered unfit to pursue their previous callings. "Many, I am sure, will have cause to thank you if you succeed in so laudable an effort."

2. From Mr. Luther Holden, (late) President, Royal Oollege of Surgeons:" I quite agree with you that some snch association as you propose would be a great boon to many patients after leaving the hospital. "I presume that strict inquiries would be made into the circumstances of each case, and that some of them would be put in the way of finding work for which they were fit." 3. From Dr. Andrew, Physician, Bartholomew's Hospital:"I think your proposal an admirable one, and would gladly do what I can to help you in it. A large number of hospital patients die from being obliged to go on with unsuitable occupations." 4. From Dr. Lionel Beale, Physician, King's College Hospital:" I quite agree with you. Cases are frequently occurring where life

8 9. From Dr. vVilks, Guy's Hospital:" I perfectly agree with you that it wou1d be eminently desirable to assist the class of patients you name. I seldom pass a day without having to inform some unfortunate hospital patient with heart disease that his employment has probably induced his disease, and that he must no longer pursue it. His answer is, that he must do it or starve. No light occupation can be found for a diseased man. " I wish the benevolent and rich could see that some wide reform is wanted in the distribution of medical charity. The amount of money now spent, I believe might do infinitely more good. What is needed, in my opinion, is that the common wants of mankind should be first regarded; but in~tead of this, these seem to be overlooked, and money given for the most foolish and sentimental reasons. " Take ordinary consumption; it is a disease not liked in t.he general hospitals, and quite ignored at the Oonsumption Hospital; the patient therefore has to linger on in the workhouse. So with many other di~eases . l-{,ich people give their money to Oancer Hospitals, for the Education of Idiots, and other fanciful schemes, while poor people suffering from ordinary complaints are left un cared for. "We have at Guy's a Samaritan Flmd for the assistance of patients after they leave the Hospital, and that is all. I think therefore that some scheme whereby they might be permanently helped would be of great advantage."

I trust that you will accept the evidence placed before you as unimpeachable; if you are satisfied, the excellent work already done, P1'O utilitate hominum, by the English Branch of the Order of St. John, the reputation it has established for itself through the length and breadth of the land, justifies the sure hope, that you will succeed in solving the undoubted difficulties, that will neaessarily present themselves in attempting to carry out the plan I have ventured to sketch, or any similar method. for the relief of a deserving class of persons. But little money appears to me to be required; hearty devotion to the work on the part of a few gentlemen with leisure at their disposal is the essential element in the realization of any scheme that may be suggested. With these few words I may leave the subject in your hands, and to your thoughtful consideration. I thank you warmly for having kindly listened to my remarks, and especially beg to offer to Sir Edmund and Lady Lechmere my best acknowledgments for giving me this opportunity of bringing the matter, that I have at heart, before so influential an assembly.

\,'>, (,'

FIRST AID TO THE INJURED.

~t.

mnbn

~mlrulan(£ ~ssll(iafiJ.ln~

REPORT OF THE

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMlVIITTEE SUB)'IITTED AT THE

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF TIrE

IDtner of ~t. ]obn of ]etu~alem in QEnglanl],. ST. JOHN'S DAY . (JU E

24TH),

1880.

LONDO r : HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MAR TIN'S LAl E, r880.

FIRST AID TO THE INJURED. ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION. UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF

HIS

GRACE TilE

DUKE

:MANOHESTER, K .P .,

AND THE CHAPTER OF THE

ORDER OF ST. JOllN OF JERUSALE~I IN ENGLAND. <1h.etttrrd ®x.ecuti&.e <1h.ommi:tt.e.e, Consisting exclusively of Members and Associates of the Order.

Qigainmm. SIR EDM1!ND A. H. LEOHMERE, BART., M.P., F.S.A. (Secretary and 'Receiver, Order of St. John). Lo~mON

PIUXTED BY llAlUUSON AND SO.' S, ST,

l\U..n'rIN ' S

bJ CJ~nt!l

LANE.

Q);gairman.

MAJOR FRANCIS DUNCAN, RA.; M.A.; D.C.L.; LL.D. (Director of the Ambulance Department, Order of St. John). LIONEL S. BEAT,E, ESQ., M.D., F.RS. CAPTAIN R1!PERT C. F. DALLAS. SIR 'l'IIOMAS DICK-LAUDER, BART. GENERAL SIR H. C. B. DAUBENEY, KC.B. TIIE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DUDLEY. PIIILIP FRANK, ESQ., M.D. J 011N FURLEY, ESQ. CAPTAIN JAMES GIL TIEA. TIIE RIGIIT H ON. THE EARL OF GLASGOW. V. BARRINGTON KENNETT, ESQ., M.A., LL.M. TIIOMAS LONGMORE, ESQ., C.B. (Smgeon-General, Army Medical Department) . WILLIAM MACCORMAC, ESQ., M.A., F.RC.S. ROBER'V MACLE ~N MACLEAN, ESQ. MAJOR G. E. WYNDHAM MALET. W. G. N. MANTJEY, ESQ., V.C. (Brigade SW'geon, Army Medicul Department).

SANDFORD MOORE, ESQ., M.B., F.S.S. (Smgeon-Major, A.M.D.) A. HARFORD PEARSON, ESQ., M .A., B.C.L. CAPTAIN H. C. PERROTT (Assistant SecretaI' , Order of St. John). GENERAL SIR JOHN ST. GEORGE, K.C.B. (Chancellor, Order of St. John). TIIE RIGIIT HON. THE EARL OF ST. GERMANS. A. JULIUS POLLOCK, ESQ., M.D. EDWARD H. SIEVEKING, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A. CHARLES SHRIMPTON, ESQ., M.D. STEWART SUTIIERLA ' D, ESQ. GENERAL TIIE "VISCOUNT TEMPLETOW~, KC.B. LIEUT. - COLONEL GOULD HUNTER WESTON, F.S.A.

pindar of ~tOl'Cs. J ORN FURLEY, ESQ_

Q);gicf ~ccrctitr!l . CAPTAIN H. C . PERROTT.

:iGmh ©ffins. ST. JOIIN'S GATE, CLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.C. ~rmkcrs.

LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED (\VesLminster Branch), 1, St. James's Square, London, S.W.

ANNUAL ST.

JOIIN'S

REPORT, DAY, 1880.

CONTENTS. --0--

PAGE

Report Statement of Receipts and Expenditurc ..

Donations, Annual Subscriptions, &c., 1879-80 ..

Tabulated form (Issue of Certificates to Centres)

APPENDIX. --0--

PAGE

Metropolitan Districts and Country Centres (Local Executive, and Names of Life and Annual Members) .•

Central Fund-Life and Annual Members

Method of formation of a Uentre

Syllabus of Instruction-First Course

Ditto

Second Course ..

Form of Membership

55-

Form of Bequest to Association ..

THE progress of the work of the Association during the past year has been as rapid and encouraging as during the 'previous twelve months. The extent of the Ambulance operations of the Order of St. John has compelled an addition to the clerical staff at head-CJ.uarters, and a still further acldition will be necess~ry next winter should the development of the work continue at the same rate. The services of many other members of the Order-in administration and supervision of Districts and Cen~res-have been enlisted since St. John's Day, 1879, and these services are rendered cheerfully, and in the true Hospitaller spirit. It is to be hoped that in the course of time there will not be an Ambulance Centre in England without a resident member of the Order serving on its committee. 1. D1H'ing the past year, New Centres have been formed at New Ce:ltl'es. Croydon, Waltham Abbey, Shoeburyness, Cheltenham, Liverpool, Hereford, Mansfield, Eckington Collieries, Birmingham, Sydenham, Wakefield, Ipswich, Twickenham, Colchester, Ross, Leicester, Manchester, oodford, Eton, Tonbridge, Hastings, Welwyn, Darlington, Blandford, Bournemouth, Stratford, Monmouth, Dublin, Ambleside, and Windermere. ~. Detached Classes-under the diJ:ect control of the Centra Detached Classei'. Committee, pending the formation of Local Celltres-have met for instruction at Dorking, Hawkhurst, Isleworth, Harrow, Richmond, Putney, Tulse Hill, Eastbourne, Rugby, Slubiton, Yateley, Altrincham, Glasgow, Lincoln, Clapham, Denmark Hill, W okingham, Godalming, Chatham, Haslemere, N ewbury, Dulwich, Petersfield, Rickmansworth, Hitchin, Bath, Hexham, Brixton, Cambridge, Wandsworth, Old Malden, HaY'vard's Heath, vVorthing, Portsmouth, and ,l\T ellington: and .anangements are being made for opening many similar Classes .elsewhere.

Advanced Classes.

Police.

3. Advanced Classes for ladies, who have passed through the elementary course of instruction, have been held In St. JYlary's and the North-west London Hospitals-in three of the ~1etro politan districts in other buildings than hospitals-at Wimbledon, Dorking, Oxford, Harrow, ,Voolwich, Altrincham, Putney, Eltham, Tulse Hill, Liverpool, Blackheath, Chislehurst, Clapham, Hampton Court Palace, and other ph\,ces. A Class for men has also been h eld in Westminister Hospital, where further instruction in the first treatment of injured persons has been given to pupils who have received the elementary certificate. 4. The instruction of the Metropolitan Police has been continued during the past year, and it is hoped that the Home Secretary will aid the Association by a grant to assist a work • 0 practically and eminently useful, and so popular among the members of the Force. Police Classes have b een held during the past year in the Metropolitan District at Scotland-yard, Twickenham, Whitechapel, Stepney, Walworth, Greenwich, W oolwieh Arsenal, Haverstock Hill, and Kensington. Instruction has also b een given to th e City Police, the cla. ses meeting at the stations at Snow Hill and Bishopsgatestreet. A considerable number of the successful pupils in these classes were allowed to attend the further instruction in estminister Hospital. In the Provincial Centres every encouragement has been given to the local police and county constabulary to attend the Ambulance ClaRses, and the instruction has b een popular among the men, approved of by the Chief Constables and Magistrates, and has already in many places proved most useful. It is hop ed that soon the power of rendering first aid to the injured will be placed in the hands of every constable. 5. The division of London into dist.ricts, which the growth of the work rendered necessary, has proved beneficial in a very marked degree. The energy of the variolls Presidents, concentrated on their respectiv e districts, has led to a marvellous development of the work. The thanks of all who are interested in the movement are very emphatically due to General Sir Charles Daubeney, K.C.B., Mr. J ohn Furley, Mr. Harford Pearson, Mr. V. Barrington Kennett. and Mr. W. H. Munro, for their labours in

Kensingt.on, the City and Port of London, Belgravia, St. J ames', and the North-west district of London; and the same thanks arc the well-merited due of such secretaries of districts as Captain Gildea and Mr. Alfred Ross. Among the many intercsting classes held in the Metropolis may b e mentioned one which has been taught in St. Thomas's Hospital, and which was composed of Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers : another, in the ,Yar Office , composed of a large number of those employed there: men',· classes in Oxford-street, L ower East Smithfield, Highgate, Camden Town, the E ast and est India Docks, London Docks, Wapping, and St. John's Gate. The presentation of certificates to the successful pupils of the last-named class-in the venerable Gate of that Priory which witnessed the Hospitaller ,York of the Order of St. J ohn in the Middle Ages, a Priory which has now disappeared-was one of the most interesting episodes, Ruggesti,e and memorial, in the history of the ?'evived H ospitallcr work. 6. Among the Presidents who have consented to take office as such in the Centres formed during the past year may be mentioned H.R.H. Prince Christian, at ,Vindsor; the Duke of Beaufort, at Bristol; the Duke of Rutland, at L eicester; the Duke of P ortland, at Mansfield; the Earl of Derby, at Liverpo ol; the Earl of Chichester, at Hastings and St. L eonards ; and although the ambulance work is unsectarian, the Association cannot but rejoice that six distinguished prelates, the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Croydon, the Bishop of ,Vinchest er, at Bournemouth, the Bishops of ~1anchester, H ereford, Ripon, and St. David's-(the four last at their own respective Sees)-should have consented t o be Presidents of Centres form ed for the development of sympathies and humanitarian acts, in keeping with the daily life of their Divine Mastel' on earth. In many other Centr0s the President's duties have been accepted by the ~1ayor e, ' officio. 7. A report is attached, fr om ~1r. Furley, the Director of Stores, showing the enormous issues from his department during the year: and the good which must result from the existence all over the country of so luuch ambulance mate/riel is incalculable. Mr. Furley's practical experience in the field, and his skill and earnest desire to inlprove former patterns, has led to

London.

Distingui heel Presidents of new Oentres.

lJfatel·iel.

many changes in the materiel issu ed, and all for the better. The thanks of the Association are due to Mr. Furley for his zeal and energy in this as in all other departments of the work: and also to his able and methodical assistant, Mr. J. H. Easterbrook. The disposal of the St. J OM wheeled litter which faJls under another department, continues to be very satisfactory. During the past two years and a-half, no fewer than seventy-eight have been supplied, the larger number to police stations, do ckyards, and hospitals. They seem to afford the greatest satisfaction: and they cannot but be of much value in lessening pain and risk during transport, to any injured persons placed upon them. 7. No less than 20,000 copies of this useful book have now been sold, disseminating much usefnl knowledge, and assisting to bind together the numerous classes under the administration ()f the Association. A Medical Committee has been appointed to revise the work, by the light of an experience which did not exist when the gallant and lamented author undertook to write it, but it will always be known by the original name. It will not be considered foreign to this report if the satisfaction felt by the Association at the steps taken to perpetuate Dr. Sheph erd's memory find in it. expression. The Central Committee rejoiced in aiding the promoters of this memorial, by which this self-denying life and noble death will be kept prominently before the inhabitants of his birth-place, before the students at the Universii y of which he was a member, and before the young medical officers at N etley, to whom his example cannot fail to be useful and inspiring. Other works have been published, bearing on the first treatment of the sick and injured, by H. Crookshank, Esq., S. Benton, Esq., and L. W eatherly, Esq., who have acted frequently as lecturers to the classes. These gentlemen are included as members of a committee appointed to draw up a Syllabus for Lectures on Home Nm'sing and Hygiene, open to women who have passed through the elementary COlU"se of instruction. 8. The numb er of pupils who have received certificates at the Centres during the past year has been 3,086, and at the Detached Classes 1,314, incluiling vellum certificates for the second com'se 327. Full details from each Centre will be found j

Sh~phljrd)s

Handbook.

Statistics.

in the Appenilix. These numbers necef'sarily r epresent only a small proportion of the total actually obtaining instruction, many pupils being prevented attending a complete course, 9. The expenditlue at head-quarters during the year has been £2,020 13s. 6d., and the revenue £2,535 13s. 1d. This is quite apart hom the local expenditure and revenue of the various Centres. To enable the Central Committee to extend the work into districts where no local help can be given, and among public servants, such as firemen, railway emp loyes, and the police, subscriptions ar e earnestly solicited. 10. The thanks of the Central Committee of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association are again due to the Chief Secretary, Captain Perrott, for his constant and untiring labours during the past year. For some weeks, especially during the General Election, when the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman were engaged in political contests, Captain Perrott and Mr. Furley cheerfully performed the extra duties thereby entaileo in addition to their own. In conclusion, the Order is to be congratulated on the maryellous success which has attended this form of its manysided work of practical philanthropy. In adapting the old Hospitallers' spirit to the changed and changing circumstances of the nineteenth century, they have given one more proof that the Christian virtues of mercy, and sympathy with the suffering, are independent of time or place, and can bear their fr'uit in the busy days of modern enterprise and civilization, as well as in the darkDess, ignorance, and trouble of the Middle Age,. F. DUNCAN, Major R.A., D eputy Chai?'man, St. John Ambulance Association, and D i?'ecto?' of the Ambulance D epa?'tment, Order of St. J ohn. THE CHANOERY, ST. JOHN'S GATE,

E.C., St. John's Day, 1880.

CLERKE TWELL,

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S'I'. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION. ~r.

STATEMENT of Receipts and Expenditure from 1st July, 1879, to 30th June, 1880. £ s. d. 65 0 5

To Balance brought forward Donations, Annual Subscriptions, and Stmdry Payments by Centres and Detached Classes .. 1,897 6 1 " Sale of Smgeon·Ma:ior Shepherd's Handbooks 564 9 o 50 0 o " Store Department (Repayment of Advance) " Miscellaneous (including Sale of Pamphlets, &c.) 23 18 o

By Lecturers and Examiners (Fees and Travelling Expenses) " Printing (Handbooks, Reports, Circulars, &c.), and including Stationery Mater'iel supplied to Detached Classes, repayment for which is included under Donations, &c ... " *Salaries of Clerks (part of year only) £75 o 0 Chief Secretary (Honorarium) 15 o 0 (Travelling Expenses)

" " " " " £2,600 13

St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, A~~gust 4tlb, 1880.

* Until the end of

(!l;r.

Office Expenses (including New Fittings and FlU'niture, Repairs, Gas, Fucl, &c.) .. Post9.ge Aclvance to SLore Department Director of Stores (Incidental Expenses) Grants to Centres *R ent (Quarter ending June 24th, 1880) P etty Cash D eputy Chairman (Parcels, Postagcs, Telegrams, &c.) Miscellaneous .. Balance

s. CZ. 911 15 11

381 19

200 14 1 106 18 0 90

75 54

2 9

6 4 50 0 0 43 12 2 30 7 '1 22 10 0 17 6 ~ 14 14

3 10

580 0 0 £2,600 13 6

We havc examined the abOVe} EDMUND A. H . LECHMERE, Cltai?·man. account with the booles and vouchers produced, and find JOIIN FURLEY, } lit[, b ,+, C 'tt the same correct. R . M. MACLEAN, em ers oJ 0?n1n1 ee. IIERBERT C. PERROTT, Cl~ief Secl'efa?'y .

February, when the continued enormous increase in the work of the Association rendered extra clerical assi stance and additional office accommodation indispensable, the Central Committee was allowed use of offices , without payment of rent, by the Order of St. John, which hnd also to that date defrayed cost of clerk's salary.

~ ~

13 £ Lor d Edward Cavendish .. *Mr. A. P. Fiddian *Mr. John Eccles Bradley . . *Mrs. Goldingham *Dr. Sieveking, F.S .A. (fom years' subscription) *Dr. de Haviland Hall Hawkhnrst Ladies' Class (per Mrs. IIardcastle) Grassmoor Collieries Centre (per Mr. A. Barnes) *Mr. W. E. Barnes .. *Mr. Thomn,s Whiteside Hine *Mr. A . J. IIubbn,rd Miss Oecilia Bolitho *Mr. II. B. Hassall . . *Mr. C. II. G. Jenkinson Isleworth Working Women's Class (per Miss Du Bosc) Isleworth Working Men's Class (per Mrs. Farnell Watson) .. *Mrs. E . IIeathcote Smith . . *Mrs. C. R. W crner *Mr. C. R. Werner .. *Dr. E. MacDowell Cosgrave, B.A., L.R.C.S.I.. . WaHhamstow Ladies' Class (per Miss Carter) .. Collected by " C. L. H." (per Mr. W. H. Harton) *Mrs. F. J. Mitchell Harrow Ladies' Classes (per Mrs. Cubitt) Richmond Ladies' Class (per Lady M. A. Onslow) Sydcnham Ladies' Class (per Miss J. M. Jebb) Sydenhn,m Centre (per Mr. G. F . Adams) *Mr. Alfred Richardson . . Detached Ladies' Class at Cromwell Road, South Kensington (per Dr. Walter Tyrrell) . . Altrincham Ladies' Class (per Mrs. R. Kerr) *Mrs. John Pakenham-Stilwell .. South-west London College Ladies' Classes (per Miss Sandell) East London Ladies' Educational Association (pel' Miss H . Spicer) .. Ipswich Ladies' Class (per Miss M. C. Coulcher) Centre Yateley Ladies' Class (pel' Mrs. Stilwell) RasLbourne Ladies Class (per Miss W . L. Hall) Tulse Hill Ladies' Class (pel' Miss Corde!'oy) *111:1'. W. Douglas Hemming, F .R.C.S. *Mr. J. G. D. Douglas *Dr. William Frazer Chislehurst Centre (per Dr. T H. Cockcroft) Cheltenham Centre (per Mrs. Fenn) (pel' Dr. Carr) *1'he Hon. Lady Dallas *Mr. R. C. F . Dallas " (donation) *Mrs. S. Barclay Heward . . Lincoln Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Helme) *Miss L. A. Atchison Darlington Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Lucas)

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION. LIST OF DONATIONS, A~NaAL SUBSCRIPTIONS, &0 ., FRO}I JULY 1ST, 1879, TO JUNE 30TH, 1880 .

A Donation of Ji'it'e Pounds ancl 1.lPWCl1'cls constitutes a L1fe Jlfembe?'. An Annual Subsc1'iption of Five Shillings and upwa?'ds constz'tutes an Annual Jll embe1" AJl Asterisk (*) significs an Annual Subscription. 8. d. 1 1 0 23 5 1 2 1 1 9 0 0 3 12 6 6 3 2 0 5 0

Ridding;; Colliery Centrc (per Mr. H . Lole) Cn,nterbUl'Y Centre (per M;r. F. W. FUl'ley) Babbington Colliery Centre (per Mr. C. Barber) Margate Centre (per Mr. A. T . Chexfield) R eigate Centre (per Mr. James Searle) Woolwich Centre (per Captain Perrott) * Major-General R. W. Lo\\ry, C.B. Hampton Comt Palace Ladies' Detached Class (per Mrs. V. Goodenough) . . Tibshelf Colliery Centre (per l\1:r. G. M. Sankey) Clifton Centre (per Major-General Marshall) Liverpool Ladies' Class (per Mr. J. FUl'ley) Stafford Centre (per Mr. F . D . Mort) .. *Mrs. Rowley Lambert l\faidstone Centre (per Mr. R. Mercer) "'General Sir John St. George, K.C.B . .. * Mr. V. Barrington Kennett, M .A., LL.M. Blackheath Centre (per Mr. C. D . Davies) Portsmouth Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Luard) (per Miss Van Sommer) (per Smgeon-Major Dick) . . " Oxforcl Centre (per Major-General Rigaud) (per Mrs. Monier Williams) Highgate Ladies' Class (per Mr. R. H. Chambers) United Service College, Westward Ho, Devon (per Rev. C. Price, Head Master) .. Esher Ladies' Class (per Miss C. G. Corrie) North Finchley Ladies' Class (per Miss S. L . EI wes) . . Conway Ladies' Class (per Miss S. A. Darbishire) .. Ris Grace the Duke of Manchester, K.P. Dorking Ladies' Class (per Miss Amy Benecke) .. .. .. ;Shrewsbury Centre (per Maj or R . H. Coldwell) E ast and West I ndia Dock Company (per Lieutenan t -Colonel Du Plat Taylor) .. '*Colmtess of Effingham

18 3 511 16 16 2 6 16 5 o 10 11 2 0 5 0 5 60 0 21 18 15 18 1 16 5 8 6 1 15 12

0 7 9 10 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 3

7 3 11 4 5 21 11

0 10 12 0 0 17 13

0 0 6 0 0 1 6

20 1

0 1

0 0

5 0 0 0 1 0 20 5 0 0 0 1 0 0

d. 05 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 17 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 1 0 5 0 5 0 9 0 0 0 7 6 5 0 5 0 5 0 911 0 0 8.

9 10 0 0 0 0 23 1 0 5 39 9 19 10 26 14 4 17 1 1

16 32 1 32 10 17 15 16 14 28 0 0 0 20 41 7 1 3 5 0 33 0 17

09 0 0 0 0

11 0 12 11 0 0 18 4 1 6 12 0 4 2 7 0 18 4 4 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 4 7 10 0 13 10 1 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 10 0

14 *Miss M. R. Carter Chatham Ladies' Class (per Mrs. de Vere Brooke) St. Mary's llospital (London) Ladies' Advanced Class (per Miss Carter) Eton College Centre (per Rev. Edmond Warrc) Glasgow Ladies' Olass (per Miss G. P aterson) •• Sevenoaks Centre (per Mr. D. Reid) *1.1rs. A. M. Philippi Leeds Centre (per Mr. W. Rowley) *1\i[r. H. Billington Surbiton Ladies' Classes (per Miss Bruce) *Mr. Frank E. Lott Westminster Hospital Men's Advanced Class (per Captain Perrott) .. (per Mr. C. D. Davies) Haslemere Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Yatman) *Mrs. Gay .. Godalming Ladies' Class (per 1.1:1'. W. S. Gibson) " Men's Class " No.2 District Metropolitan Centre (per Mr. J. Furley) " (per Mr. A. M. Shaw) Clapham Ladies' Classes (per Dowager Lady Price) *}frs. H. France-Hayhurst Mr. ll. Crookshank, M.R.O.S. *Mr. C. Holmes *Mr. J. G. Blumer .. No.6 Di tric:t M etropolitan Centre (per Mr. E. H. Baverstock) The late D ep uty Surgeon-General J. H. Porter, A.M.D. (per 1\frs. Porter) .. Oolonel E. S. Dennis :Mr. O. E. Bl'own, F.R.G.S. Newbury Ladies' Class (pel' Mrs. Chatteris) General Sir John St. George, K.O.B. .. Oaptain R. F. Britten, R.N. *The Right Honourable Viscountess Sudeley Bournemouth Ladies' Olass (per Miss E. M. Fowler) .. Oentre (per 1\fr. R. F. St. A. St. John) .. *Dr. Owen Willis North-west London Ad1'anced Class £01' 'Vomen (per Miss E. Leal'mouth) Laclies' Olass at 68, Queen's Gate, S.W. (pel' Dr. Sutton Townsend) liere£ord Oentre (pcr 11r. J. E. Norris) *:YIiss A. 1\1. Laird . . *~1iss P. H. Bridges *:Hr. George He."\,<itt Deputy urgeon-General W. Fyffe, M.D. Brixton Ladies' Class (per Mrs. I nsoll) *}.Iiss Lily Clowes .. Hitchin Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Frederick Seebohm) .. \Vokingham TJadies' and Men's D etached Olasses (per Rev. J . Brown) Putney Men's Class (per Rev. B. Jackson) *':'f1's. Simonds *}Irs. Beauchamp .. ;;; .oUrs. Nicholson

£ s. d. 050 18 7 6 30 7 6 32 19 10 41 2 7 10 0 0 050 15 0 0 050 54 10 0 050 o 18 0 8 18 0 22 18 4 050 30 0 0 10 0 0 15 8 0 10 0 0 50 8 0 o 10 0 99 0 050 050 1 10 0

o 10 6 100 o 10 6 23 15 0 500 500 o 10 0 19 0 0 20 0 0 o 10 6 330 14 3 6 500 050 050 050 1

0 0

15 15 050 22 1 0 32 15 4 14

050 050 050

* R ev. Joseph T. Brown *M1'. A. R. Campbell-Johnston *Mrs. A. R. Campbell-Johnston Petersfield Ladies' Class (per Lady Currie) DelllJ:l.ark lliH Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Otto Benecke) * ~fr. Frederick llarvey Surgeon-General Thomas Longmore, O.B. Bitte1'ne Ladies' Class (per Mrs. Willan) Woo 'Hord Centre (per Mr. Compton Warner) .. Tunbridgc Wells Oentre (pcr Mr. O. R. F. Lutwidge) 1\1rs. E. Suckling .. Bath Women's Friendly Mission Class (per Miss P. H. Bridges) Ashford Centre (per Mr. John Creery) .. *Mr. Joseph Farrar llaYII'u,rd's lleath L~dies' Obss (per Miss Pakenham) Mi s Clu'istina M. A. Bruce DLllwich Ladies' Olass (per Mrs. E. Chandler) .. * Mrs. E. 1\1. Clark .. IIexham Ladies' Class (pel' Mrs. Straker) Cambridge Ladies' Class (per Mrs. R. Bul'll) '\Vol'Lhing Ladies' Class (pel' Mrs. S. Brewer) IIastings and t. Leonarc1s Centre (per Mr. F. C. Gant) }liss A. K. BullaI' .. Blandford Centre (pel' ::\Iiss K. Parry Okeden) *Mr.'1. Ur ub. \Vade Bro,YIl K o. 4 Di ,trict, Metrol)olitan Centre (per Oaptain James Gildea) 'Vimbledon Centre (pCI' ::\11' . E. 'l'huL'ston Holland) IIn.U1p tead, or N.'V. Di"triet, Metropolitan Centre (per Mr. W. H . Munro) .. Bil'll1ingham Centre (pcr Dr. Cl'easwell) :JlonmouLh Centro (pel' MI'. A. liurmer) Ross (iloreford) Centre (pel' Rev. Douglas Seaton) *.Ml's. O'Dell ShoebLl1'.ple3S Oentre (pel' R..lv. R. C. Browne) '~:'jIis Alice M. Skerritt * ':'Iiss Charlotte E. Skel'riLt *.iHiss lD. A. Houghton No.3 Distl'ict, Metropolittlll Centee (per }fl'. V. B(1rringLoll Kennett) *Ml'. Dani!'l John Fawkes .. ';;'.}iiss Pauline :l \fargetson .. *Mi:;s E . 1\1. Orde .. Miss E. M. Orde .. oi!'RcY. D. iln,ig-Brown *;.\Irs. Ilaig-Brown .. *MI·. Clarence Haig-J3ro"n *.Mr. vVillialll A. llaig-Brown *Miss lIaig-Brown .. "'Miss F . A. Haig-Brown .. "'Miss .A.. M. llaig-Bro-.;m .. *l\1iss ll. S. llaig-Brown .. No.1 DisLl'ict, Metropolitan Ccntre (per Mr. A. E. Ross) POl'tslllouLh Men's Class (pel' Miss Van Sommer)

£ s. d. o 5 0 o 10 6 o 10 6 18 15 0 13 10 10 050 5 5 0 226

o 17 10 15 0 0 110 600 10 0 0 050 21 15 6 500 15 15 0 050 18 11 21 7

6 18 15 0 660 050

14 13 2 050 51 14 10 506 300 112 300 400 050

046 050 050 050 30 0 0 050 050 o 10 0 500

050 050 050 050 050 050 050 050 125 0 0 850

16 Manchester Centre (per Mr. Benjamin Browne) '"'Mr. Ernest M. Pollock Tonbridge Centre (per Mr. E. Plowl'ight) *Dr. R. J. Mills Colchester Centre (per Captain Mott, A.D.C .) ..

£ s. d. 20 0 0' 0 5 0 4 10 0 0 5 0 12 2 2

PER LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BA.NK. (WESTMINSTER BRA.Ncn) .

""Major-General Rigaud *Lady M. Augusta Onslow *Major F. Duncan, R.A. *11:1'8. R. B. Martin *}Ir. Al·thUl' Jackson '"' Mrs . Susan Lumley *Mr. J obn Stirling . . *Mr. George T . Bidc1ulph .. *Mr. J. H. Rosetta . . *Captain H. B. H ellard .. *General Beauchamp "Walker, C.B. *}1:r. F . B. Bakel' (Grenadier Guards) "'}Irs. Rowley Lambert *1'11'. C. H . Carter .. *Sir J ervoise Clarke J ervoise, Bart.

1 1 1

0 1 0 o 10 o 10 1 0 5 0 1 0 o 10 0 5 0 5 o 10 o 10 0 5 5 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 (}

17-1

]obn ambulance

~t .

~\ ..L ALYSI

a~~ociation .

OF IS UE OF CERT1FICA.TES TO CENTRES--DETACHED MALE AND FEMALE CLASSES NO'! ' INCLUDED. SJNCE 1ST JULY,

SINCE FORMATION OF CENTRE.

1879.

No. of Certificated - Pupils re-examined in acuordanee with lYIr. Furley's resolution of 25th who have wilo have who have who have ~~~p~:t:~ who have who have wll(\ have July, 1879. ~~~tf~::e:f rCeceJt'~fied ~~~J;'~~C:f rceceC).itV)'fiC_d u course of receIved completed yeceived cr 1 CcrtJfi aJ.cnOsUtrrusee,of Certifiin~~;ecates.int1~~~ecates. in~i~:.ecates.tion. cates. I--Jl-r-en-.-"'-I-,-v-om-e-n. o. of Women

No. of Men

CENTRE.

(lUetropolilan Centre)No. 1. District.-(Belgravia) ... ~o. n. District.-(City and Port of London) No. Ill. District.-(St. James', Whitehall, May .Fair, &c.) ... :'\0. lY. District.-(Kensington, South Ken- I ~illg-ton, Brompton and Notting Hill) ... No. V. District.-(Chelsea, &c.) ... "'1 No. VI. District.-(Bloomsbury, &c.) ~o. VII. District.-(Camden Town and neighbourhood)

No. of Women

No. of Men

REMARKS.

LONDON

630 626

594 209

2390 91

1161 38

90 432

66 134

1020 48

457 20

127

283

230

120

iI 2

IHave only been worked as separate Districts ~

~ince

July, 1879.

)

Cou ' TRY CENTRES-

. \J frcton (Blackwell Colliery) .\lm a Colliery, Clay Cross .\.. hford llabbington Barnsley Birminghalll Blacldleath Blandford. HournemouGll Brighton ... Bristol (a nd Clifton) Burton on Trcnt ... Canterbury Cheltenham Chesterfield Chi lehur L Clay Cross, Chesterfield Colchester .. . Croydon .. . Darlington Dublin Eckington Collierie~ Edmonton ... Eton Exeter (irasslJ)oor Collieries Halifax Hastings (and St. Leonards) TT ('refonl ... Jpswicll ]\ iveton Park ColliC'ry Lakes' District.\mbleside Branch Windermere Branch '" Leeds I ,ei ccstel'sh ire-Leicester Branch I.oug-hborough Branch n-Iclton Mowbray Branch Lin'rpool .. . :JIaidstone .. . Mall'crn :lfanc:ltestcr :Jlunsficld ... Margate :Uonkw('arll1outh ... iYlonmouth ... Oxford Uxfonl :l1ilitary College, Cowley Rcigate Hidding. Colliery Ross (TIrrefordshire) Hugby Junction ... Scyenoaks .. . Sheffield .. . t-ihoeuurYIlPss Shrewsbury Southampton StatIOI'd ~ulldcrlallll

Sydenhum ... TibsheJf TonbJidge ... TUllbridge 'Yells Twic:kenham Wukefirl<l ... Walthall) .'-bbey ... Weh\')n Wimbleljoll Wind. or . Woodford " Woolwich ... Worr('st('r

80 26 70

14 / No return .

... / '"

.. .)

22 23 50

330

153

5~7

305

75 26 57

32 22 30

147 10 45

88 42 55

16 196

14 73

159 45 53 19 190 50

12 22 10 14 24

27 122 13

16 61 7

33 84 73 27 88 72

40 37 21 12 32

318

140

119

75 180 80 108

47 97 28

204 20

52 20

203

... "'1

151 68 207 94 20

88 39

86 77

76 11

29 30 44

12 20 25

121 58 54

37 36 23

48 45 80

11 10 23

132

98 35

23 13

12 150 26

16 24

30 30

14 15

153

479 28 32

18 7

5 32 125

{

N ewly formed CentreClasses not examined a.t date of Report.

Newly formed Centre.

128

167

70 24

74 60

7 100 21 47

102

85 5

16 31

62 41

168 50

38 4

22 16

257

118

7 43

74 18 30 20 30 49 30

:rewly formed Centre-Classes not examined at date of Report.

}

Classes not examined at da.te of Report.

5 12 11

14 20 41

50 23

27 93

9 16

159 223

75 40

27 51 78

{

Newly formed Centre .

Newly formed Centre.

75 478 123 36 125

48 142 112 30 29

32 197

9 30

50 20 40 27

16 38 22

46 Not yet examined .

No return . Newly formed Centre.

118

90 19 23

62 10 31 14

S9 25

60 58 32

80 8 26

35 8 15 No return

301 75

148 39

146 91

41 18

36 58

15 13

· ........,

APPENDIX.

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS AND COUNTRY CENTRES. NAMES OF LOCAL EXECUTIVE. NOMINAL ROLLS OF LIFE AND ANNUAL MEMBERS AT EA.CII DISTRICT AND CENTRE .

lIIembers of Ute Association ai'e t7~ose 10ho annually subscribe Five Sliillil1[Js and upwards, OJ' wllO [Jive donations of £5 cmel 1lpwarck to constitute themselves Life lIfembe1·s.

No. 1 DISTRIOT-METROPOLITAN OENTRE. (Be1[jm~·i(t. )

President. The Right Han. Earl of Gla.sgon-. Cllairlnan. A . IIal'ford Pearson, Esq.

Tl'tasurel's. A. IIm'ford Pearson, Esq. A. E. Ross, E sq. Honorary Seeretal'Y. Alfred E. Ross, Esq. Life lUembel'.

1\11'. Charles Gardin er. Anllual iliember§ .

Miss C. A. Atkinson. COlmtess of Cottenhum. M iss Dowson. " Dlmbar. " Dyncley. Mrs. IIarker. Miss Lindo .

Miss E:. IIfl1ckinnon. " E. N. Paget. " Renlon. " E. Seth . Lady Snagg. Miss E. S. Williams . " A. 1.I. Young.

20 ~o . 2 DISTRICT-1IETROPOLIT.A~ CENTRE.

(City and P O?'t oj London.) J Ohll

Treasurcl'. A. U. Shaw, Esq.

Chairman. Furley, Esq. lIonorary

Sccretaric~.

W . II. Forwmc1, Esq.

A. Brownlow, Esq. Rev. R. W. Olclliam.

Lifc lUembcrs. Major· General G. Bryan Milman, C.B. Mr. Ecbmrc1 Webb. Annual 1tlcmbcl'S. Miss Lloyd. Mr. C+. Bakel', jUlll'. Mr. L. Nicholas . " J. R. Boyce. J . T. O'Callaghan. C. Brooke. P. II. Pol. " W . Browne. )) R. L . Spicer. J. McK. Von Dadelszen . " W. IT. Squire. C. M. Foottit. )) A. Stirling. II. Forward. G. F. Sturdee. Rev. G. J. E,ans Gwynne. Count Visconti. 1\'11'. A. Hawkins. " J. Weayer. :!'lIrs. Lloyd .

No.

['j

DISTRICT-]HETROPOLITAN CENTRE. (Cllelsea, g-c.) Honorary Secretary. Captain James Gilc1ea.

Will be in future incorporated with No.4 District.

No. G DISTRIOT-nIETROPOLITAN CENTRE. (Bloomsbll?'Y, g·c.)

No. 3 DISTRICT-nIETROPOLITAN CE:\TltE. (St. James's, Whitehall, ..JIayJaiJ', g·c.)

Honorar y Secretary. E. II. Ba,crstoek, Esq.

Chair man and Acting HonOrary Secretal'Y· V. B. Barrington·Kennett, Esq. Lady E. Bro"·l1c. ~fr. 1)ercy John Chiosso . F. L. Cook. " E. Kelso.

Life 1tIembers. Mr. Albert Sanc1eman. " Fleetwood Sanueman. " Arthnr Ledram Sa,oUl·Y· Duke of Sutherland. A.nnual 1tlcmbcrs. Gencral Sir Al'noltl Kemball, h.C.B., KC.S.l. Mrs. Sanc1eman. :Miss Anne Styan. :Thirs. Tucker. Miss Tucker. " Sopby Rohde.

Miss Aliee Giffard . :Major· Gcneral Sir Hemy Green, KC.S .l., C.B. Colonel :lYlalcolm Green, C.B . ::)11' . James J aeksol1. Miss Alice M . Jukes. " Edith J. Jukes.

No. 4 DISTRICT-1lETROPOLIT1.\.~ CE~TRE. (Eensin:;ton, South Kensington, Brompton, (mcZ lVotti1lg Ilill.) Pl'esitlcnt. General Sir H. Charles B. Dauber:.ey, KC.B. Treasurer and lIonol'a."y Secretar y. Captain J a,mes Gilc1ea. Miss IIumphreys. Mr. E. J ..Jermm.

Lifc iUembcl's. Miss Maclean.

,'-nuual 1'lembel'S. Mrs. Gordon. Miss Gordon. " Guest. ::\1rs. Littlec1ale. l\1iss Littlecble. :Jlrs. Lyons . " 'lV. Rigg. :JIiss Fanny Wrl1Y. " Emily Wrl1Y. " Fanny R. \Vo1£e.

Miss Baillie. Ll1cly Barkly. Miss Colvin. 1111's. Congl'e,e. Colonel Dennis . Mrs. Fairley. Colonel Fyers. Miss Fyers . Mrs. Gildea. Miss Kathleen Gildea.

No. 7 DISTRICT-~1ETROPOLITAN CENTRE. (Camden Town Clnd lVo?,th Yvestern D£stTict.) Honorary Secretary. "Vacant at present.

ALFTIETON

CE~TRE.

Chait'mall. J . .A.. Longden, Esq.

Treasurer. Geo. Linkbter, Esq.

DCI)uty Chairman. J. J. Bingba.m, Esq.

lIonOl'ary S ecretary. P. M. Chester, Esq.

1\11'. " " " " " " "

\Vm. Dentley.

J. J . Bingham. Rd. Brenster. Simcon Buxton. P. M:. Chestcr. Francis Cutts. 'Ihos. Dalton. Geo. Daykin. Wm. Elliott. T . E. Fcnwiek.

Annual 1tlembel's. 1'.11'. Geo. Hopkinson. " Geo. Lane. " Geo. Linklater. " J. A... Longden. " Jonathan Moulel. " J os. Silkstone. " Rc1. Smithurst. " Sa.ml. White. " W. 'Vil1terbottom. " r . 13. ,"food.

22 AL~IA

OOLLIERY OENTRE. ( Clay C7'OSS, necw Cheste7:field.) Honorary Secr ctary. VV m. Pendleton, Esq.

DelHlty Chairmen. The Rev. W. W . Kirby, M.A. J. Blackburn, Esq., Surgeon·Mnjor, 4th .A.B .W.Y.R.V.

Cbah'Jnan. Rev. Oanon 'Vilkinson, D.D .

Miss Bun·a. lIir. J. S. Burl'U. Mrs. S. H art.

Annual lUemb el'S. Mrs. Furley. " Jemmett. " J. R . Lewis. Mr. R . Hay Murray. Rev. O. D'Oyly. Mrs. Schreiber.

Mr. W . P. BUrl'a. Oapt. Oheesman. Mr. John Oreery. Sir E. O. Dering, Bart. Mr. G. A. Dodd. " J. S. Eastes. " R. F mley.

BABBI NGTON OENTRE. P resident. Oolonel Seely, M.P . Chairman . George Fowler, Esq.

T rcasurer. Oharles Barbel', Esq. Honorary Sccr etary. J. R . Atkinson, Esq. Life lU cmbcr. Oolonel Seely, M .P .

Mr. J. R. Atkinson. " O. Barber .

Annual l'tlembcl's. Mr. J . W . Oorbett. " Geo . Fowler.

Jl onorary Secretary. D r . W . G. Ores well.

non . Assistant Secrctary. J ohn Robinson, Esq.

Honorary Sccrctar y . J ohn Oreery, Esq. Lifc lU e mb crs . Mrs . Schreiber. Sir n. J. Tufton, Rut .

CENTRE.

President. The Right Hon . Lord Leigh.

P resident. H .R.H. T he D uke of Edinbmgh, KG. Treasurer. W . F . B . J emmett, Esq.

H onorary Secretary. Robert D. Maddison, Esq.

BIRMIKGIIA~1

ASHFORD OENTRE.

Chait'man. J ohn Furley, Esq.

Treasurer. J . II. Watson, Esq.

Life jUember. The Right Hon. Lord L eigh.

Miss Lucy Adkins. " M. D. Barker. Rev. W. K R. Bedford, ~I.A. Major Bond, R.E. Mr. Chas. Bonser. Rc,. Oanon Bowlby, M .A. Mr. II. L. Browne, L .R.O.P. ]\fiss Nellie Oarter. " Jessie Cartel'. ]\frs. R. R. Ohance. ]\fl'. A . E. D. Oooper. Dr. ""\V, G. O. Crcswell . Mr. R. vV'. Dale, M.A. Miss DOml . 111:1'. Frank Dunk. ]Hiss Edmunds. 11rs. Edmunds. " EYans. Major Gem, 1st \V.R.V. Dr. E. H. IInl't. Oapt. IIart, 1st W.R.V. Dr. A . B. Hill. 1\11'. J . O. IIolder . " R. A. IIoIt.

Annual llIembers. Mrs. Gros,enor Lee. Dr. Henry Leech. Miss Suckling. Lieut. W . Ludlow, 1st 'V.R.V. 1\1rs. E. S. Uatthews. O. E. Matthews. Miss Lucy N ettlefold. " F . N ettlefold. " Alice Osler. Dr. J . H. Palmei'. :Mr. G. King Patten. " J . E. Pemberton. " F. A. Power. " J e[ferson Reade. " John Robinson . }Iiss Suckling. ::'IIr. Lawson Tait, F.R.0.8. Miss Taylor. " Watson. Rev. Oanon Wilkinson. 1\11'. W . T. Willc1ay. The Rev. O. L . Williams, M .R.O.S. The Rev. Benjamin Wright.

BLAUKIIEATII OENTRE. BAR NSLEY OENTRE. PresIdent, Waltel' T . W. Spencer Stanhope, Esq. Chai rman . His 'Worship the Mayor (B . Mar shall, Esq.).

Cbairman, R. 1\1. MacLean, Esq.

DCIJuty Chair man. Lieut.·Col. M. de B. Barnett, 1st .1... B. Kent A. .V .

Treasure).' and 1I01101'al'Y Sccretary. Major O. D . Davies, ·lth Kent R.V.

n 25

24 BLANDFO'RD

BRIGIITON CENTRE.

CE~TRE.

Pt'esident. The Rev. Dan Winbam.

Pl'eshlcllt. IIon. W. II. B. Portman, l\I.P. Treasurer and Honorary Secretary, Miss Parry Okeden.

I-iollorary SeCl·etary. Captain Rupcrt C. F. Dallns.

Life lUembcr. Hon. Lucy Ella Portman .

Life ~Iemb er. Colonel Penton.

A.nnual lUembers. :Miss Parry Okeden .

Miss Louisa Churchill. Caroline Ohnrehill.

BOURNE~IOUTH

CENTRE.

Prcsident. The Bishop of Winchester. Chairman. Lieut.-Colonel Verner. Treasurer. J. G. Shepherd, Esq. ~lr . J. Allen. Miss Baker. II Bn.ll1forth. " Beecher· " Bishop . " Bogue. Lu,cly Maria Brodie'. Miss Brodie. 1\11'. Jas. Broomfield. 1\11-s. Broomueld. Miss Broomucld . R e\,. - Bro'YDe . Hon . O. Churteris. L ady Churteris. Miss Crow. Mr. Debenham. Mrs. Dugdale. Miss Dyson. " Everett. Mrs. E,erctL Mr. J. W. Flint. Miss Forward . " Fullerton. C. Fullerton . Mrs. Gordon Browne. Miss Haggard. H ambm'g. " R. Hamburg. IIamersley . Mr. Hatcher . " Harvey.

Honorary Secretary. R. F. St. Andrew St. J olm, ESll· Assistant Secretal'Y. W. \'\yatt, Esq. Anllual l'tIembcrs. Mr. I. S. Helyer. :Mrs. Kcrk. Kings. Mill. Lamb. Si5ter Iil'iam. :Mrs. Monkhouse. J\1iss 1\1001'<3. 1\11'. }\foothu,m. K esbit. " II. S. Newlyn. " C. J . Nixon. " P ersey. 1\1iss Rae. Mr. E. Rasch . }\fiss Reynolds. " Robson. Rowden. }\frs. Streatfield. 1\11'. Syc1enham. l\Iiss Taylor. " Teeling. Thompson . Thompson. Trone. Tm·ner. V erner. Li.eut.-Oolonel Verner. 1\1rs. \\ ::m stall. Mr. W. J . Worth. " 'Y. Wyatt.

The Re,. E . Richard Adams. Mrs. Bankes. " Bordier. Miss Scott Chisholm. Mrs. Cocking. Ooddington. The Rev. J. Calvert. Miss A . Daniell. B . Daniell " Freemn,ll. Goff. Anna GOEling. Mr. IInig. The Rev. Dr. Hamilton. Mr. W. E. IIeaLh.llelc1. The Rev. \V. II. IIills. Mrs. A. II. Hope.

Annual lUembe l's. Mr. W. Jolms lone. Miss L. Mackenzie. Mrs. Gordon 1\fackenzie. Dr. ]\fillaI'd. " Miles. Miss Prendergast. Smart. Mr. Alex. Stelfal't of Arcls. Cobncl Stringcr. Colonel the Hon. W. Talbot. 1\1:rs. II. Ven'all. Dr. Grant-Wilson. The Rev. Dan Winham. 1\fr. Fred Wood. 1\1rs. Young. II. Young.

BRISTOL AKD CLIFTON CE3TI{E. President. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort. Chail'lUall. Sir Samord Freeling, K.C.M.G. Treasurer aUII Honorary Secretary. Major·General W . B. Marshall. Miss " " " Mrs .

Austin . Bakel'. Blackley. Bridges. Cunningham.

Annual lUembers. Miss Hooper. Mrs. Nutting. Dr. Spencer. The l\1isses Tyndall (2).

BURTON ON TRENT OENTRE. Jlollorary Secretary, Chns . IIm'rison, Esq.

n 27

26 CANTERBURY CENTRE.

CIIISLEIIURST CENTRE.

P resident. Major-Gener. l the l\farquis ConJngluLlTI.

Ch a irman. F . II . Janson, Esq.

Ch air man. Captain Lambert.

TrCaSUl'el' a 11 11 Jlonorar y Sccretary. T . II. Cocker oft, Esq., M.D.

Tl'caSUl'er a n ll Honorary Secretary. F . W. Furley, Esq. Life

~I e m bc l' .

CLAY CROSS CENTRE.

The Marquis Conyngham. The " " Mr.

Mayor of Canterbury. D ean of CanLcrbury. }Iarquis Conyngham. F . W . FurIey. » Geo. Furley. » W. Gillman. Cnpt. Lambert.

Ann ual Jlembers. Mr. Geo. D e LasallX. » W. G . P.i.dduck. " Geo . Rigden. » Brian Rigden. The Rev. C. F. ROlltleuge. F . Walker.

I-resident. Obas. Binns, Esq. Chai l'nlan . J. P . Jackson, Esq.

Honorary §ecretal'Y· II. W. Greatorex, Esq.

CHELTENIIAl\I CENTRE. President. Sir Brook Ray, Bart. Chairnlan. J. Wulker, Esq. Treasurer and Honorary Secretary. J . R. Carr, Esq., M.D. Ann ual llIembel's. Miss Henry. Mrs . Atkinson. » Hill. " Bell. :Miss Birchall. " Inglis. Mrs. Rynaston. Mrs. Alfred Bo"lby. Le Blanc. }1iss S. C. Chambers. R. Lynch-Staunton. :!'.Irs. Fenn . Miss MiHord. » Ferguson. 1\11'8 . Owen. Miss Foulkes (sinee deceased) . » Gillilan . " Spoor. Miss M. Walker. :Mrs. G. P . Griff'ttlls. » Whitehouse. ::\Iiss Hamilton. Mrs. Wilson . 1\frs. IIarley. » J. A. Hay.

CHESTERH'IELD CENTRE. President. Lord Edward Oawmrush. l\LP. HOllo ra,'y ~ecreta]'y. J ohnsun Pearson. Esu . Life llIcmbcr. Lord Ed\rard Cr••cndisb, M. P.

Treasurcr. Thos. Wilkinson, Esq.

COLCHESTER CE~TRE. Chairman . The Mayor of Colchester.

Deputy Chair man. Major Bishop.

Treasurer and Honorary Secretary. Captain }Iott, A .D.C. Annual llIcmbers. Rev. J . "V. Ir,ine . Major Bishop. Captain Mott, A.D.C. :Mrs. F. Brock. Rev. D . Kickerson. Rev. T. E . Oato. Dr. R. S. N lUlll. Dr. Cosgrave. Major-General Radcliffc, C.B. }Ir. G. II. Errington. :Mr. J. Rounel, :M.P. Lientemmt-Coloncl Finlny, R.i. » S. L. Dayies Smith. Captain Gardno1'.

CROYDON CENTRE. Pl'esillent. IIis Grace the Archbishop or Canterbury. Cbairluan.

T . R. Eell'idge, Esq., J.P. TI'CaSUl'cl' and U:onoral'Y Secretary. vValtl'r RosseI', Esq., :M.D. Life ilIcntber.

Darol) IIrflt.b.

DARLIKGTON CENTRE. Chail'man.

HALIFAX CENTRE.

lIonoral'Y SCCl'ctal'Y.

Hclll'y Pease, Esq.

Honorary Sccrctal'Y·

Ech-arcl Hutchinson, Esq.

C. Empson, Esq. (New Centrc.)

DUBLIN CE~TRE ..

Chairman .

Honol'ary Secrctary.

Robc'l't Frances Davies, Esq., l\J.R.I.A .

Arthur H . Benson, Esq.,

u.n.

IIASTINGS AND ST. LEONARDS CE~TRK

(N"ew Cent,re.)

PreSident.

The Right lIon . lhe Earl of Chichester.

ECKING rON COLL TERIES CE:\fTRE. PrcSident.

Rt'l.

-William J. Gant, Esq. Assistant Honorary Secrctal·Y·

HonOrary Sccretary.

Sir George R. Sitwell, Bart . DCIHlty Chairman .

TreasurcI'.

Cbairiuan.

Dr. Furley.

Frederick C. aant, E:3q.

Richc1. lIammon, Esq.

Honoral'y Sccrctary.

E . B. Estcourt, M.A. .

Robert Dumbleton, Esq.

IIEHEFO RD CENT RE. EDl\lO.:. TTO~ CENTRE.

President.

The Righl Rev. the Lord Bishop of lIercforc1.

1I01101'ary Secretary. ReI. Dr. Dolbe.

Cha:l'man.

The" ery Rev. lhe Dean of lIercford. Treasurer and Honorary §ecl'etal',f. J . E. Norris, Esq.

ETO~ COLLEGE CENTRE.

Life lUembcl'.

Honorary Secrctary. ReI. Edmond WalTe.

~1l'.

William Ba.l'l1eby.

Life iUcmbel'.

The Officer Commanding 2nd Bucks (Eton College) Rifle "Vohmtcel's.

IPS,\VIOII CENTRE. Preshlent.

EXETER CENTRE. Cllairman .

'1'he Right Hon. the Earl of Delan.

The Mayor, D. II. Booth, E sq. Tl'CaSUl·Cl'.

Chail'nlall.

W. Cotton, Esq.

C. 11. Durrant, Esq., 11.D.

:uonorary ScC}'etal'Y. A.. W yalt-Edgell, Esq.

TreaSUl'el' anll Honorary Secretary. l\fi~8 1\1ary C. Coulcher. Lifc ;JIeIUbcl's .

OILL~S':\IORE COLLIERY CE~TRE.

Mr. D. II. Booth.

Annual IUcmbel's.

Cllail'man .

A.. Barnefl, Esq. Hono1'ary Sec}'etary.

A. W. Barnes, Esq.

111'. C. B. Skinner.

Mr. G. C. E. Bacon. Mrs. Bacon. Bonel. Miss Cobbold.

1\lrs. Miss Mrs. Miss

Coulchcl' . Coulchcl'. Skinner. Skinner.

1 31

30 KIVETON PARK COLLIERY OENTRE. Preshlent. Rev. G. T. IIudson, :JLA.. Chairman. Thos . Currington, Esq., M.I.C.E., F.G.S. Honorary Secretary. JUl'. Edwd. Soar. Life iUembers . Riveton Park Coal Company.

AMBLESIDE OENTRE, LAKES DISTRICT Cbairnn.n. Rev. J. W. Aston. Treasurer and Honorary Secretary. Re ~·. H. D. Ramlsley. Mrs. Aston. MitiS E. Bolton. Mrs. Fleteher. " Freeman. Guest. Hodgson. Mr. Wm. Hopes Heelis . Mrs. Heelis.

Annual lUcmbcrs. Miss Heelis. E . J. IIeelis. 1\10rse. Rev. H. D . RU\Tnsley. 1\1rs. H. D. Rawnsley. Miss C. Shipley. C. Smitb. 3frs. Whalley.

,VINDERMERE OENTRE, LAKES DISTRICT Chah·man. Rev. H. Ainslie, l\I.A., Vicar of St. 3Iary's.

Treasurer. G. Hale Puckle, E sq., J .P.

lIonoral'Y Secretal'Y. Rev. C. A. 'Wells, B.A.

LEEDS

OE~TRE.

LEIOESTERSHIRE CENTRE.

Chait'man, The Mayor of Leeds (Alderman Tn.tham). Banl{crs. 31e8sr3. BeekelL and Co r Honorary Secretary. . Vi- alter Rowley, Esq.

Presitlent. His Grace The Duke of Rutland, K.G.

'1'he Misses Allen. Mrs. Ash. ~lr. E . M. Baines. 311'8. W OOCU1!lm Best;, Miss L. Beverley. S. Beyerley. Capt. Bower. ~1rs. B uUcrflelc1.

Cn.pt. liel'bert Nelson. Miss Louisa. Nelson. Pickard. Sir L. M. Swinnerton Pilkington. Mr. J. Ralph. Miss Riebardson. Lieut.-Col. Robinson. Mr. Walter Ro·wley. Mrs. "'vVa.lter Rowley. Miss Rowley. " Smith. " J a.net Sillith. Jessie Fan'ur Smit 11. M. Smith. " Snowdon. Mrs. F. Spark. Spencer. Mr. Ashley Stables. Miss Stephenson. Mrs. G. Talbot. " Theed. The 1st W. Y. A . Voll's. (per Lieul.Col. Harding). Mrs. G. Talbot. Mr. T. P. Teale. Major Ward. Miss Ward. Florence Walker. Mr. J as. Walker (Newton Hill). Miss Margaretta Walker. Mr. Reginald Wigl'am. Mrs. Wilson. Miss G. Wilson. Mrs. Woodward. Mr. W . Wylde.

Mrs. Cooke. " CrowLher. Mr. II. J. Cundy. Mrs. Dugincl. " R. ,V. Eddison. Sir Andrew Fairbairn. Mi s Fearnsicles. " .A.. II. D . FlamsLeld. Mr. J. R. Ford. Miss Emi]y Garlick. Capt. GarneLt. Mrs. GarneLt. Miss Gloyer. Mr. II. P. Holt. Miss IIopton. IIorsllelc1 . Mrs. HowarLh. " Hudswell. Messrs. Inchbold and Beck. Mr. W. L . JacKson, M.P. Miss J ohmon. Mr . J . T. Kinnear. " J. Ritson, jun. Mrs . Lee . LamberL. F. Lupton. Mr. W. Malcolm. Miss Matthews. " l\1:oorhousc. Mrs . S. Moorhouse. " Morley. Geo. Morley. Murdoch. Miss Nelson. Mr. G. II. - elson.

Annual NIembers. Miss Brown. Mrs. Brunton. Burton. Cameron. Miss Cheapf'. Lieut. -Col. Child. :i't.[iss Clapham. Coates .

Vice-Presidents . Sir G. H. B eaumont, Bart. Sir H. St. John Halford, Bart.

The 1\1ayol' of L eicester. Earl Ferrel'S.

TI'easurer anll Iionorary Secretary. Major-General E. S. Burnaby, M.P. LOvGllBOROuGn BRANcn .. 1\fELTON

MOWBRAY

A snEY DE LA. ZOUCH "

.. Lionel Powell, E sq., Hon. Sec. • . Lionel Powell, Esq., Hon . Sec. . . Lionel Powell, Esq., Hon. Sec.

32 I,ife lUcmbel's .

1\11'8. Buck. 1\lajol'-Gcncl'lll E. S. BUl'llaby, M .P. 1\11'. ' Vm . Gleado,Y. C. II. Bmbic1gc Hambly.

1\1rs. IIcrrick. Major Millican. Mr. Wl1l. Napier ReelC. 1\Irs. TilloLon.

Annual JIembers.

:;\Iiss .J..dams. }lr. J. J. Bag,,-e1l. Mrs. Barclay. Miss Bateman. 1\11's. Beardsley. Uiss Broughton. ~11' . E. n. Butlcr. Mrs. Oampbell. " Campbcll. 1\11'. O. W . Oarlcr. Rev. L. Olayton. Mrs. Coopc . " Corry. Miss Cradock. " E. Omdock. 1\11'5. Oroome. " Deane. lUI'. Dcluberc. Miss Donelne;'. " Ellis. " Fearon . 1\Irs. Flctchcr. Rcy. n. J. Fortescuc. 1\1iss F ortcscue. Major G ibsone . Miss Green. Mrs. Grimston. " A. Henry. >, T . G. Henry. 1\11'. W . U. Ucyga,le, nr.p. Miss IIopkins . " IIumphreys. " J olmson . " J 011es. " A. Joncs. Countcss of Lancsbol'Jugh.

l\Iiss T . C. Lce. Mrs. Lec. 1\fiss 1\1ann. :, Middleton . A. 1\1idclleton. " l\Ioffut. " Monk. " Keclham. " E. Noble. " "ott. "" O'Brien. ::'Ill'. lI. Packe. Mrs. F. II. Paget. Miss O. Paget. Mrs. J. Paget. Miss E. Paul. " Rice. " A. Rice. ReT'. F. II. Richnl'llso11. IAtdy Salt. Miss Salt. Mrs. SareL Shenton. " 'Thomas. " G. Thorp. " Toone. " " TlU'ncr. }Iiss Wadc. 1\11'. J. II. B. ,Varncr. Mrs . E . Warner. Cn,pt. R. K. Watson. ]\frs. Wells. " E. Woollcy. Mr. T. Wright. ::'III'S. W. Wright.

LEIOESTEJlSilIRE CENTRE. (ll relton J1Iowbmy Bmne"). Annual Mr. Adair. l\11's. Adair. " Cupley. Mr. Fcllows.

~Iembel's.

Lady Grant. Miss Grant. " IIa,rtO]lp. 1\11"8. Johnson.

Mrs . Lionel Powell. l\1iss Po\'\·ys. Mrs. Rippin. 1\liss Starbuck. 1\1rs. ,\Vill:m. " G. \Ying. 1\Iiss "Wright.

Col. 1\Ia.rkham. Mrs . Markham . Miss Markham. 1\1n.l'kham. " 1\Ia.rriolL. Mrs. Petch. " Powell.

LIVERPOOL OE~TJlK ChairJuan. Lieu! .-Col. C. D. Pa.ris.

Pre~ltlent.

The Earl of Derby.

Honorary Secretary. Capt. II. \Vatcl'housc. Life

1\11'. Edwaril Bibby, F.R.G.S .

~iembel's .

I Lieut.-Col. C. B. Paris. Licut .-Col. R . T. Steblc. Annual ltIembcl's. Lieut.-Col. Gco. F. Lyster. Capt. W. }lcFie. CapL. Wa.terhouse.

1\fl'. Thos. '\Veld Blundcll. Mayor of Bootle.

:ThIAIDSTONE Chairlnan. ,\Yilliam IIaynes, Esq.

CE~TRE. autl ilon. secretary. Randall :JIcrcer, Esq.

Tl'easul'e~'

Life iUcm.lJcl's .

:Major

Ros~ ,

}1.P.

1\11'. J olm Arglcs. Captain Aylmer, 1\1.P. 1\11'. R. II. nn.rday. " H. Deur. " II. Bcwted. Re,. T . Dixon. Mrs. D. Coycney. 1\11'. T. Covcney. " G. H. Doret. Mrs. Edmec1. Mr. T. Edl1leLt. Miss Farmcr. 1\1)'. A. Farmer. II . Furmer. J. Farmer. T. P. Franklyn . R. J. Fremlin. Miss Gibson.

I " .A. Friend." Annual i'tIemlJers . 1\Iiss Grant. Mr. J. J3. Grcell . " W. IIaync" . " J. II. Hills . J. IIollingwortl1. T. IIolling"l)orLh . 1Iiss IIudson. " Issulc.1cn. Sir J. Lubbock, ::'II.P. 11r. A.. Uarsh . Ranc1alll\Ierccr. Richnxd :;Uercer. " W . F. } [Cl'cer. Dr. MerediLh . " Monekton. 111'. J. ·:U orris. " 1\1. )Iol'l·i~. ::'IIrs. Newbury.

34 :Mr. D. Paine. " F. Pine. " J . R. RaggeLt. :Mrs. Rayner. Miss Sharp. Dr. Smyth. Captain Stacey. Mr. II. Starr. " H. Stre:1tfield. Mrs. Strong.

. )

...

.J .)

Mr. A. F. Style. " K. Tassell. " R. T. Tatham. " W. Taylor. Miss Tyler. Sir S. Watcrlow, M.P. Mr. W. W. Wheeler. C. Wright. G . Youngman.

1\IALVERN CENTRE . Chairmau. Rev. A . Faber, ~Li .

Tl'eaSlll'er.

A. Bro"n, E q.

Mrs. IIole. E. IIoilins. Miss IIoilins. Mr. IIowarc1. Miss J ackson . Mr. W. J ackson. Miss Jolly. " KincLersley. " L. Kinderaley. Mr. T . Kirkland. " J. Linney. " J. Mache . Miss Mauc1e. 1'.11'. W. M. Meggitt. Mrs. Need. Mi s Need.

Mr. J oseph PageL. R ev. C. G. Paget. J\rIr. D. G. Patterson. " J. A. Pegg. Mrs . Savage. Miss Savage. Mr. Thos. Savage. " Addison Titley. " ' V m . Tyrel·. Miss Turner. Mr. Jno. ' ;Valkel'. " Willis Ward. Miss Williams. " Woods. Re,. A. W. Worthington.

Honorary Secretary. Re,. C. Bannister.

MARGATE :MANCHESTER CENTRE.

CE~TRE .

President.

Prcsident . The Rt. Re,. The Lord Bishop of Manchester.

R. Wood, Esq., J.P.

Yicc.Presidents. Echn1. Hardcastle, E sq., and Sir E. W::ttkin, Burt., M .P.

A. B. Cobb, Esq.

TreaSllrcr. J. v\'. Maclure, Esq., J.P., D.L.

Messrs. A. T . Che:dlcld, and W. J. C. Brasier.

Honorary Sccretaries. Major Pooley and Captain BlU1jon.

1\ fANSFIELD CENTRE. Presitlent. His Grace tho Duke of Portland. Chairman. Thomas Godfrey, Esq.

Treasurcr. Alfred Greenhalg11, Esq.

Honorary §ccrctal'Y. William Bryan, Esq. Mr. W. Alcock. Miss 1.1. S. Bartlet. L. Birks. Mrs. BracUcy. " Cash. Mr. H. Cash. 1.1rs. Do.rnham. Miss Espin.

Annual lU cmbers . Mr. J. W. Fisher. " Harold Greenhalgh. Miss Handley. " IIattas. Mrs. Hibbert. Mr. G. H. Hibbert. Mrs. llodges. Mr. W . A. IIodges.

Treasurer.

Honorary Secretaries.

Life 1'lembers. Mr. Stephen Stiles. Dr. T. S. Ro·we.

Mrs. Be,erley. Mr. J. C. Brasier. " ' ""fiT . J. C. Brasier. Miss E. Chapman. Mr. A. T. Chexfiald. Miss Clarke. Mrs. Collis. Miss Dixon. Mr. E. Dutton. Mrs. E,erest. Miss Fearn . " Fry. Mrs. Gale. Miss Gilder. Mrs. C. Giles.

Dr. E. A. White. Annual lUcnlllcrs. Miss ll::L1nilto n. " Hatfeild. Mrs. Hitchen-Kemp. Miss Mitchell. S. Ray. Reade. Mrs. E. Rowe. " Salmon. Major Sankey. Miss Searles. " Smart. Mrs. Stanley. Mr. Stephen Stiles. " T. N. Talfomd. " R. W ood .

MONK\VE \.RMODTIl

CE~THE.

REIGATE OENTRE.

hlellt. Sir Hechrorth Williamson, Bart. 11l 1'C

Chairman. The Re,. Canon Miles, M.A., F.R.S.

Treasurer. W. Beaufort, Esq.

Chait·man . Rev. Cauon Cazenove. Treasul'cr and Uonorary Secretary. Jas . D. Searle, Esq.

Honorary Secretaries. J. G. Addison, Esq.

Rev. J. H. Hancock.

JYIONl\IOUTil

CE~TRE.

Presillent. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort, R.G. Chairman. GeneI'll1 Somerset, C.B.

Deputy Chairnlan. G. Griffen Griffen, Esq.

Treasurer. Owen Willis, Esq., F.R.C.S.

Honorary Secretary. Alfred H:1rmer, Esq.

Annual iUembel'. Mr. Chas. II. Crompton RoberLs, 1II.P.

(No retlU'n.)

RIDDINGS OOLLIERY CENTRE. Presidcnt. C. II. Oakes, Esq. Chairman. LaYel'ick, Esq.

Tl'casu rcr, R. Hill, E sq. Uonorary Secrctary. II. Lole, Esq.

ROSS CllEREITORDSllIRE) CENTRE. Chairlllan.

OXFORD CENTRE. Prcsident. H.R.H. Prince Leopold, K.G. Chairman aUiI Treasurel·. Major-Gener::!.! Gibbes RigaUL1. Honorary Secrctary. W. L. Morgan, Esq. Treasurer of Ladies' COlumittee. Mrs. Ffoulkcs. ~Irs. ~Iallam .

Honol'ary Secretaries of Ladies' Committcc. Miss C. L. Lovell.

OXFORD JYIILITARY OOLLEGE UF,NTRE. Chairman. 'Major-General J. Desborough, C.B.

Del)uty Chairman. Rev. James White, ~LA. .

Treasurer 'and Honorary Sceretary. Major A. J. Macartney, R.A. Annual :Uembcl's. }.fr. W. H . Ruston. Mr. D. J. Cowles. :Major-General J ohn D esborough, C.B. " A. H . Thomas . ?lhjor A . S. Macar tney. " E. J. W ebb . Rev. J. White. ~Ir. E. H. Manders. " H. Naiclley.

R. M. Pon-er, E sq. Treasul'cr and Honorary Seeretal·Y. Rev. Douglas Seaton. Annual ilIembcl's. :JIr. A. Armitage. Miss Harris. }Iiss Armitage. Mrs. IIankey. J, J. Armitage. Miss Hankey. Bull. Ha,,-kshaw. Bernard. IIart. II. Bernard. 1\11's. Herbert. }I. Bernard. Col. B . J ackson. }1r. Thos. Blake. Miss J aekson. W. Blake. Mrs. 1\1oney Kyde. " \V. Blake, jun. Miss Money Ryrle. Mrs. Bosanquet. Mr. Thos. LIen-ellyn. Colonel Calmsaek. :Mrs. Ley. :Mr. Edgar Cobbold. McDougall. Rev. R. H. Cobbold. :Mr. A. B. Mortimer. Miss Cockshott. }1rs. Mortimer. Mrs. Custance. Norman. :Mr. L. Davies. Re,. D. Pearce. :Miss DowIe. Miss Philips. Gen. Su' James Fitzmnyer, R.C.B. Mr. K. M. POIYC'I'. Ll1dy Fitz111ayer. Mrs. Power. :Miss Con~ in.nee Gee. PlU'chas. " Rosalind Gee. Miss P urehas. Hall. Robert on. 'Mrs. W. II. IIall. Shand. Jl Harely. Mrs . Sh e ppal'cJ~

39 Mrs . Tweed. Miss Tweed. La, Touche. J . La, Touche. 1\1rs. Thompson. Watson. " Webb .

Miss Sheppard. 1\1rs. Seudnmore. Miss Stubbs. " M . Stubbs. E. Stubbs. R ev. D. Seaton. Mr. Southall.

SIIEFFI ELD CENTRE. Honora ry Secreta ry. T. W. lIime, Esq., M.D.

(New Centre.)

.. SIIOEBURYNESS CENTRE.

SEVEN OAKS CENTRE. Pl'esitlent . Multon Lambarde, Esq. ~I.

Chairma n. Lambarc1e, Esq.

Deput y Chairm an. J. Furley, Esq.

Mr. J . Furley. Sir O. H . fills, Bart., :J'LP. Alford. " B allard. 1\11'. Berkeley. Miss Bro·wn. Mrs. Olabon. M1·.010de. Mrs. Clode. :Miss Oressey. Rev. T. S. Onrteis. Mrs. De,itt. Mr. Dodgson. Miss E . Dodgson. Mr. W. H . Doclg,on . Mrs. Fitzherbel't. Mr. Franks. Mrs . Fmley. Rev. J. L. Gardner. Mrs. Grant. Mr. Hancock . Mi.·s. Hennell. Mr. Hilder. Mrs. Hooper. " H ughes . Miss J ohuson. A. J ohnson. " D. J ohnson . S. J ohnson. Mr. M. Warton Johnson. " H. Warren Jones. l.frs. II. W arren J oncs. 1'111'5.

Del)uty CllairlUan. Major F . T. Lloyd, R.A.

Treasurer. D. R eid, Esq.

Trcasurer. Capt. A.. N. Pearse, R.A .

Honorary Secretary. F. Swanzy, Esq.

Capt. Archer, R.A. Beadnell, R.A.. Rev. R . O. Browne. Major Burgmann, R.A. 001. Omtis, R.A. Capt. IIellard, R.A. Howard, R .A. ::\11'. TrV. II. Knapping.

Life lUelllbers. Lieut. -Ool. Northey. Mr. Webb. Annual lU em lJcr s. R ev. R . Orompton J ones. Mr. K nos. " Lambarc1e. " L ovelt. Mrs. Lovelt. Miss Martin . Mrs. Matthews. Oapt. Miller, R.N. ~I[r. A . Ogle. Miss Ogle. Mr. Oppenheim . " Petley. Mrs. Pye Smith. D . Reid. Miss Sutton. Mr. F. Swanzy. " W. J. Thompson. " Thorne . Mrs . Thorne, Miss Thorne. M. Thorne. " Tucker. " Turnb nil. Mr. Underwood. Mrs. W ebb. Mr. E . Webb . " H. Webb. " A. Wilson . Mrs. W ilson. Mr. Worshi]l.

l~ev .

H onorary Secret ary. R. O. Browne, Ohap. to the Forces.

Anllual lIcmbers. 1111's. Knapping. Major F . T . Lloyd, R.A. Capt. A. N. Pearse, R.A. Mrs . Pearse. Lieut. J . H. Rosseter, R.A. ~1rs . Rosseter. Oapt. P. M . Skinner, R.J... 1\1rs. Ohenevix Trench.

SllRE,VSBURY UENTRE.

Vice·Pl'csilllellts. Stanley Leighton, E q., ::U.P. Thc Rt. IIon. Lord Bermck. Viscount Newport, ~I.P. Oolonel G. Windsor Olive, M.P . Oaptain J . E . Se,erne, ::\I.P. O. O. Ooates, E5q., M.P. The Rt. IIon. Lord "indsor. Sir Baldwyn Leighton, Bart., M.P. IDhairlnan . Oolonel 001 vile, O.B. Treasurer.

G. M. Salt, E sq.

U onorar y Secr etary , Major R. H. Coldwell. Life iUember. The Rt. Hon. Lord Ber,,-ick .

l'liss Arrowsmith. )frs. Alhette. Rev. - Bluchiston. Mrs. Billchiston. 1'11'. J. BonclI. Rev. E. Bryans. Dr. E. Burel. Rev. E. D. Oarr. Mrs. Col vile.

An llual U cmb ers. Rev. J . N. Oooper. Miss Orombie. " Downward. A. Downward. Mr. W . Downes. Rev. J . F . Finch . Mrs. Finch. Miss ·Guise. F. Guise.

SYDENITA:M OE~'fRE.

Sir Baldwyn Leighton. Miss Lo"e. Mr. Onions. Rov. E. V. Pigot t. 1\'[rs. Pigott. Miss M. P onntncy Smith. Mr. G. Stanton. R ev. J. Thornton. Miss I. Topp. Mrs. Wilson. ReV'. J . YarcUcy.

Mi ~ s IIarleJ'. Mr. H. Hill. Mrs. H . IIill. Miss IIornby. " A. Hope-Eclwardes. " J. IIope-Ed"arc1es. " L. Hope-Echl::trdes. " Ireland. Mr'. Juson. " J enkins. Mis: Leigh.

Treasurer. G. F. Adams, Esq.

Chairlnan. Rev. IIuysho W. Yeatman.

Jlonorary Sccl'ctary. C. V. lIartley, Esq.

TIBSITELF CEXTRE. Presidcnt. Chas. Seely, Esq., M.P. CJlairman. S. C. 'W ardell, Esq.

SOUTRilIPTO~

OEXTRK

Honorary Secretary. Re,. - Ste,ens.

(New Centre.)

Trcasurcr and Honorary Secretary. G. M. Sa.nkey, Esq.

Life

~Iembers.

Mr. S. C. Wardell .

R ov. C. Norris. Mr. Charles Seely, M.P.

STAFFORD OENTRE. Cbairman. The Mayor ex ojficio (F. Marson, Esq.) Trcasurer. Lieut.-Oolonel Nugent.

President. J ohn G. Talbot, Esq., M.P.

Honorary Secl'etary. F. D. Mort, Esq. Annual

Chai rman. Rov. Theo. B. Row0.

~Iembers.

Mr. W. E. Clenclinnen. R. Griffith. Lady Hatherton. Miss H ewson . Mr. F. Marsh. " F. Marson. " W . }\forgan.

1\'[rs. F. Mort. " Norman . Dr. Reid . Mr. T. Salt. Mrs. A. Smith. Miss Wogan. 1\'[1'. W m . Wright.

Tl'easurer and Jlonoral'y Secretary. Edward Plowright, Esq.

Annual 11

II SUNDERLAND

OE~TRE.

HonOl'al'Y Secretary. Rev. Henry Martin. Annual

Mr. S. P. Austin. " Robt. Hudson. " W. St. John. R ov. H enry Martin. Mr. G. B. Morgan. Ohief Constable Nicholson.

~Iembel's.

Dr. Jevers. Mr. C. :Fitch K emp. Rev. J. T. Manley. Mr. A. J. Nottidge. » J. E. Phillips . " E. Plo,vright. Coionel Randall. Rev. T. B . Rowe. 1\11'. T. E. Scudamoro. J. F . W admoro. » G. D. Warner.

Rev. R. L. Allnutt. Supt. Barnes. Capt. Bartram. Mr. A. T. Beeching, J.P. " II. Bishop. W. Blair. vVm. Brown . J. S. Cha.rlton. " J. H. Fleming. " J. S. F urlcy. F. G. Hall.

~Iembcrs.

Mr. J. G. P attison. " J. Pilkington. " H. Ritson. " R. Sirney. " 1\'[. Wilner.

TUNBRIDGE WELLS OENTRE. President. The Marquis of Aborga.venl1Y· Chairman. The lion. F. G. Molyneux.

Treasurer, F. W. EICl's, E sq.

n 42

Honorary SeCl'ctary. O. R. Fletcher Lutwidge, Esq.

\VOODFORD OENTRE. ChairJllan. Rev . .J.. Hughes, M.A . (Rector) .

Life lUcmb ers. Mr. G. Fereday Smith.

:Mr. d. d ones Gibb . The lion. dames :M. O. Byng. H. B. Ooilins. Mrs. Oollins. Mr. F . W. Om'teis. 3Irs. Stoddart Dougla~ . Lorc1 De L'Isle and Dudley. ~Ir .

Tl'easurer. Oompton Warner, Esq.

Honoral'y SeCl'ctary . Rev. A. Gray :Maitland.

Annual iUembcrs. 1\1rs. F. Oarr Dyer. The H(ln. Robert Forbes. 1\11'. d. dones Gibb. " O. R. Fleteher Lubyidge. " ,V. A. Smith .

Prcsident. Tho Right llon . the Earl of St. Germans .

WAKEFIELD

Oolonel

OE~TnE.

DCIJuty Chairluan. F. Duncan, RA., M.A., D.O.L., LL.D.

Honorary Secretary. Freel. Lee, Esq.

~rajor

(New Centre.) The Right llon. Germans.

\V ALTHAjl ABBEY

CE~1'RE.

ChairUlan. R. B. Oolvin, Jisq. Treasurer and Honorary §ecl'etal'Y, dames Findlay: Esq.

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\VEL WYN CENTRE. Chairman. Colonel Smyth.

Treasurer. Captain P erroLt, E.K.1\I.

Chairman . Waller, RA.

,V. Noel

Del)uty Chairman, Rev. H. d ephson.

Treasurer and Honorary Secretary. Rev. O. E. S. Ratcliil'e.

Honorary Secrctary,

W. M. Bartlett, Esq.

Lifc i.U embers. the Earl of St. Mr. G. Fm,ncis Legg. Oapt. L. V. Swaine, Rifle Brigade.

Annual lUcmbers. :Miss Paterson. The llon. :l.l1c1 Rev. A. A. Anson, M.A. M. Paterson. Rev. R II. Bullock, D.O.L., M .A. " E . Paterson. :l\Iiss Oaulfield. Dr. P. Purvis. " E. d. Cogs'WeIl. Mrs. Ratcliffe. Admiral Duntze, RN. Miss Rateli1I'e. Miss Farnllcld. " F. Ratcliffe. 1\1rs. G. S. Harvey. Capt. V. F. Rowe, RE. lla,,-kins. Oolonel W. N. ,Valier, R.A. ::Uiss A. K. lloIl:1nc1. 1\1rs. vVhinyates. " E. II. d enkinson. Oapt. Woollcombe, R.A. 31rs. Ring. Mrs. Woolicombe. l\Iiss Ring. ::11rs. Paterson.

,VOROESTER CENTRE. WIMBLEDON OENTHE. Chairman. Rev. Canon Haygarth.

Treasurer. Rosser S. Dean, Esq ..

Deputy Cbail'man, E . Thnrstan Holland, Esq.

UOl1ol'al'Y Secretary, Mrs. Thurstan Holland.

nIl'. Rosser S. Dean. " d ameson EIles. R. H. Fe,v.

Annual l'tlembers. JUl'. E. Thurston IIoIlnnc1 . Mrs. Thmston Holland. JUl'. dohn Hunter.

',I

President. The Right Hon. the Earl of Dudley. Treasurel'. Chairman. Lieut.-Colonel Bellers. l\lajor-General E. Atln.y, O.B . Honorary Secretary, DClJUty Chairman. Lt.- Ool. Bellers (acting pro. tem.) . \;Yalter Holland, Esq.

]\Ir. Fredk. Ames . Maj.-Gen. E . Atlay, O.B. Miss Atlay. " S. Atlay.

Annual Nlenlbcrs. Mr. W . H. Barneby. Lieut.-Colonel R B . B eller3 . Oolonel G . L . Oarmichael. Miss Beale Oooper.

44: Capt. II. Corbctt. 1\1:1'. Martin CmUcl'. Miss Curtler. JUl'. W. T . Curtler. 1\11'5. W. W. Douglas. Eld. H ayes. 1\Ir. T. R. H ill, M .P. " H ilUl'y Hill. l\1ajor W . C. IIill. 1\11'. W alter Holland. " J. H. IIooper. 1\1:rs. Thos. Hyde. 1\11'. J. Swinton Isaac. 1\£rs. J. Swinton Isaac. 1\1:iss I saac.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION.

M iss J effery. Sir E . .A . II. Lechmcre, Bar~., M.P. ' Rev. W. H. R. Long1l1.11'st. Lord LyLLleton. Colonel T. C. N. Norbury. M r. J olm Parker. M . Power. Miss E. P. Pritchard. Mr. E. S. Sandcrson. Mrs . Josiah Stallard. " Thul'sfield . Miss Thnrs£i.elel. M r. II. F . Vernon. 1\1iss Wodehouse. Rev. T . W. Wood .

LI FE l\1EMBER. ~ . £ s. d. Bury, Major, E. K. M . BOlli'ne, Colonel Sir J ames, Bart. Britten, Captain R. F ., R.N. Bruce, Miss Christina M . A . Conyngham, Major-General thc Most lIon. the Mm'quis Cavendish, Lord Edward, M.P. Crookshank, Mr. II., M.R.C.s. D uncan, Major Francis, R.A. Digby, Mr. G . D. Wingfielel Daubeney, General Sir H . C. B., KC .B . Dallas, Captain Rupert C. F. Fellows, Mr. F. P ., F .S.S., F .S.A . .. Frank, Philip, Dr . Freshficlcl, Mr. Edwin, M.A., V .P .• .A. Glasgow, the Right Hon. the Earl of J enoise, Sir J ervoise Clarke, BarL. Kay, Sir Brook, Bart. Leigh, the Right Ron . Lord Longmore, SUl'geon-General Thos ., C.D . MacLean, 1\11'. Robt. MacLean Manley, Brigade-Surgeon W. G. N., Y .C .. . Manchester, IIis Grace the Duke of, K.P . . Nugent, 1\1rs . .Arthur Orele, Miss E. M. St. Albal1s, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. Ge::>rge, General Sir John, K.C.B . Shrimptoll, Chas., Dr. Templetown, General the Viscount, h.C.B . ,YaH:'er, Mr. John .. Wallace, Sir Richard, Bart., M.P . .. Weston, Licut.-Colonel Gould Hunter, F.S.A.. " eston, Mrs. Gould illmter

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HONORARY LIFE l\1:EMDERS. (Elect ed in 1'ecognition of distinguished seJ'v£ce the Association. ) Dr. W . E. Buck. Mr. VV. W. Coleman. Charles D. Davies. Surgeon-Major W . A . Duke, A.l\I.D . Major F. Duncan, R.A. Mr J OM Fmley. Smgeon-Major C. A. Innes, M .D., Army Mec1. Dept. Mr. O. D. Marriott.

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furthering the objects of

MI'. H. C. 1\1oore. SlU'geon-l\Iajor Sandford Moore, M .B., Army Med. Dept. Mr. J. W. Norman. " T . Whitehcad R eid. George Garrick Steet. Thomas T urncr. A. Yonng.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE A.SSOCIATION . ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS.

£ s. d. Adair, Miss H. M . .. Atchison, 1YIiss L. A. Bradley, :1Ir. John Eccles Barnes, :Wh. W. E. .. Browne, Mrs. Ursula. Wade Bielelulph, Mr. Geo. T . .. Baker, SlU'geon-Major F. B., Grenadier GUl1l'ds . . Billington, Mr. H. . . Blumer, 1\11'. J. G. .• Bridges, Miss J . H ... Beauchamp, Mrs. Bro\\'U, Rev. J os. T. , . Carson, Mr. W. P. . . Cosgrave, Dr. E. lUacDowel.. Carter, Miss M . R. Cartel', Mr. C. H . Clowes, Miss Lily Clark, Mrs. E. M. Dallas, Hon. Lady Dallas, Captain R. C. F. Duncan, Major Francis, R.A. Douglas, Mr. J . G. D. Effingham, the Countess of . . Fiddian, Mr. A. P. Frazcr, Dr. Wm. Farrar, Mr. Joseph Fawkes, Mr. Danl. J OM Goldingham, Mrs. Gay, Mrs. Glehn, Mrs A. W . von Hall, Dr. F. "Ie Havilland ITarvey, Mr. Eldon .. Hohnes, nfr. C. Hubbard, Mr. A. J . .. Hubbard, Miss C. Heane, Mr. W. C., M.R.C.S .E. E olberton, Mr. Hemy Tolson Hine, Mr. Thos. Whiteside ••

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IIassnll, Mr. IIl1rry Bucklcy IIomming, Mr. W . Douglas IIelbrd, Captain II. B. Hewart, Mrs. S. Barclay Hayhurst, Mrs. IT. France ITc'wiLt, Mr. Geo. Harvey, Mr. Fred . " HoughLon, Miss E . A. ITaig-Brown, Rev. D . ITaig-Brown, Mrs. Hl1ig-Brown, Mr. Clarencc \V. Haig-Broll'n, Mr. Wm. A. Haig-Brown, Miss Haig-Brown, Miss J . A. Haig-Brown, Miss A. M. ITl1ig-BroWD, Miss IT. S. Hutton, Surgeon-Major G. A., A.M.D. Jackson, Mr. Arthur Jenkinson, Mr. Chus . ITemy Grey ., Johnston, Mr. A . R. CampbellJ ohnston, 1\1rs. A. R. CampbellKennett, Mr. V. Barrington, M .A., LL.M. Kay, Sir Brook, Bart. L OIITY, Major-General R. W., C.J3. Lloyd, Miss ., Lott, Mr. Frank E .. . Larkins, Miss Mary E. T . Lumbert, JUrs. Rowley Lumley, nfl's. Susan Laird, Miss A. M . Meynell, Mr. Gerald C. Moncrie1l', Mrs. Flora Martin, Mrs. R. B ... Mitchell, Mrs . F. J ... n1argetson, Miss Pauline Mills, Mr. R. J ., M .B . Nicholson, Mrs . O'Dell, Mrs . .. Onslow, Lady M. Augusta Orde, Miss E. M. Philippi, Mrs. A. Moo , Pollock, Mr. Ernest M. Roberts, Miss M. A .. . Rawlins, Mrs. M. C. (the late) Rigaud, Major-General Gibbes Richardson, 1YIr. Alfel. Rosetta, Mr. J. H . . , Sieveking, Dr., F .S.A . Sim, Mrs . Sweeting, Miss E . St. George, General Sir John, K.C.B.

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48 Stirling, Mr. John . . Smith, Mrs. Edwc1. IIcaLhcote Stilwell, Mrs. J. P . .. Sudeley, Viscountess .. Simonds, Mrs. Skerritt, Miss ..Aliee :fif. Skerritt, Miss Charlotte E. " Wix, l\frs. Fanny Werner, Mrs. C. R. . . Werner, Dr. C. R . .. Walker, Lieut.-General Chus. P . BeauC'hmup, C.B. Willis, Dr. Owen Woods, :Miss Jessie 1\1. 'Vilkins, Mr. F. IIcrbert.

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FORJ\iATION OF A CENTRE. The system adopted is as follows :(a .) The formation of an influential local Oommittee, with Chairman, Treasurer, and IIonorary Secretary. (b.) The formation of classes (separate) for persons of both sexes. (c.) The securing the services of a competent medical gentleman, who win undertake the duties of Lecturer, gratuitously. (ll.) The formation of a Ladies' Committee (when requisite). (e.) Obtaining the use of a suitable room: such as a Volunteer Drill Shed, Schoolroom, or similar building, or in a private hou--e, where lectures can be delivered. ,f) The collection of subscriptions to defray local expenses, and to furnish contributions to head-quarters to carryon and extend the work of the Association. (g.) The enrolling for entry in the Register kept at the Head Offices the names of certificated pupils who would consent in War time to assist the Order of St. John in certain capacities, a. list of which can be obtained from the Chief Secretary.

~! Cotl1'se of Inst1'uction .

This consists of five lectures, followed by an Examination. The Rubjects taught are detailed in the Syllabus. Each lecture lasts about an hour and a half; the last half-hour is devoted to practical work: such as the application of bandages and splints, restoration of the apparently drowned, lifting the injured, carrying on stretchers, &c., &c. There should be an interval of a week between each lecture. The examiner is sent down by the Central Committee. A report is m:lde by him, and certificates of proficiency are awarded to successful C[\,u diclates. },Iatg1'iel Requi?'erl.

The articles required for the use of the classes are, a (Furley pattern) Stretcher (price 35s.); a set of physiological charts, or diagrams (price 30s.); a set of common lined splints, a field tourniquet, and n. supply of plai n roller and triangular bandages. All these can 00 obtained from the Director of Stores. 20,000 copies of ~ very uReful IIandbook (price One Shilling each, post free 1s. lel.), compi.led for tbe

express use of the cJa 'ses by the late Surgeon-Major P . Shepherd, A.M.D., an llonorary Associate of the Order of St. John-killed at Isandula,are already in circulation, and the Committee strongly recommend the Illustrated E march bandage (price Gel. each, post free 8el.) bearing printed diagrams sho wing method of application . The two latter can al 0 be obtained at St. J ohn'8 Gate, as well as small anatomical diagrams, price two pence each. N.B.-The stretcher, physiolog ical charts, splints, tourniquet, and plain and roller bandages, become the property of the Centre--or District-on purchase, and can be made use of by many classes, or in case of accident.

FIRST AID TO THE INJURED.

FIRST COURSE. SYLLABUS OF INSTRUCTION.

F INANCE.

FIRST LECTURE.

T n/stees .' GENERAL TIlE VIS COuNT T E~IPLETOWN , K.C .B. SIR EDl\l~TD

A. H .

LECHiUERE, B~\'RT.,

l\I.P.

G E NERAL SIR JOIIN ST. GEORGE, K.C.B.

Receipts for local subscriptions will be g iven by the H onorary Becretaries of Centres from receipt books supplied by the Chid Secretary. All local expell3es will be defrayed by the Treasurer or llonorary Becretaries of Centres out of subscriptions received. A Balance Sheet or Statement of receipts and expenditure at each Centre is annually sent in to the Chief Secretary, not later than J nne 15th. This must be signed, and certified as correct, by the Chairm:m, ilon. Secretary and Treasurer; or if a Treasurer be not appointed, by one other Member of the Local Committee. The balance of subscriptions in hand is then paid over to the CeL.tral Fund, to assist the classes in poor localities, and extend the work of the Association (especially ill the colliery, mining, and manufactnring districts, where aer,idents are of frequent occnrrence) but which are unable to send contribution towards working expenses to head-quarters.

A. Preliminary remarks, objects of Instruction, &c. B. A general outline of the Structme and Functions of the Human Body, including a brief description of the Bones, 1I1uscles, Arteries, and Veins. The Functions of the Circulation, Respiration, and of the Nervous System. U. The triangular and roller bandage.'3; their application. SECON 0 LECTURE. A. r:Cbe general direction of the Main Arteries indicating the points where the circulation may bo arrested by digital pressure, or by the application of a tourniquet. B. 'rhe difference hetween Arterial, Venous and Capillary Bleeding, and the various extemporary means of arresting it. C. The triangular and roller bandages. THIRD LECTURE. A. The signs of fra-ature, and first a.id to be rendered in such accidents. The application ()f (,plints, or other restraining apparatus . B. The triangular and roller bandages. FOURTII LECTURE. A. First aid to tho.'Se suffering collapse from injury, to those stunned, to the apoplectic, inebriated, epileptic, fainting, and to those bitten by rabid animals. B. The immediate treatment of the flpp:\,rently dl'owned, or otlwl''' wise suffocated. C. Bnrn I!! , calds, and poisons. 1)

FIFTIl LECTURE, FOR lIIALES ONLY.

A. The improvised method of lifting and canying' the sick, or injured. B. Methods of lifting and carrying the sick and injured on stretchers. O. The conveyance of such by rail, or in country carts. SIXTH LECTURE FOR FE11IA LES ONLY. A. Ilints on nurs ing, warming and ventilating the sick chamber, the use of the thermometer. B. Tending and obsernng the sick, dre sing wounds, making poultices, changing sheets, lifting helpless patients, feeding the sick. C. Improvised m8thods of carrying helpless patients.

SECOND COURSE.

SYLLABUS OF LECTURES TO WOMEN ON HOME NURSING AND HYGIENE.

LECTURE I.-TilE SICK ROOM. Intl'od nctory remarks-Selection, preparation and cleaning of room -Bed and bedding-Furni shin g-Warming and Ventilation. LECTURE II.-INFECTION AND DISINFECTION.

[OTE

The subject of poisons shoulcl be treated in a gcnel'almannel'. The COlllllion poisons classified, and only their general symptoms and effects taught. With regard to the treatmcnt; thc first indication, ,iz., how to geL riel of the poison, is the only one which can bc safcly pracLised by non-professional persons. The aclministraLion of antidotes is Lhe mec1iealman's duty.

NOTE

II.

The last half hour of eaeh lecLure should be devoted to practical work, such as the application of bandages and splints, lifting wounded, and carrying on stretchers.

N.B.-·-N"o pupil may enter for the Examination who hn.s not attended at lea&t four out of the five Lectures.

I nfectious and non-infectious cases-Quarantine of patient-History of a fever case-Disinfecting and disinfectants. LECTURE IlL-DETAILS OF NURSING. The nurse-Regulation of visitors- :Management of nurse's own health-Vvashing and dressing patients- Bedmaking-Changing sheets -Lifting belpless patients-Sick diet-Administration of food, mec1icines, and stimulants. LECTURE IV.-DET:ULS OF NURSING-continued. Observation of the Sick-Rigors-Sleep--P ain-Posture-SkinAppeti te-Vomiting--Oough - Expectoration - Effects of remedies, &c. -Temperature taking-Baths-Bed-sores - DeliriLi.m - Nursing sick children- Whn.t to prepare for Physician's and Surgeon's visit. LECTURE V.-APPLICATION OF LOCAL REMEDIES. Poultices-Fomentations-Blisters-Ointment- Leeches - Padding splints-Bandaging-Personal and family hygiene-:Mauagement of Convalesc - ·ts. N.B.-No persons are allowed to enter for Examination in these subjects, unless they have obtained the Certificate of "First Aid to the Injured."

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II NOTE.

This Syllabus for the Second Courso, sometimes called" Acll'Clnced"

Uentral Executive Committee for the information of Lecturers in lieu of

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others previou ly in use.

IIERBERT O. PERROTT,

Ch£ej Sec1'etco'y,

S.J.A.A. ST. JOHN'S GATE, CLERKENWELL, July 30, 1880.

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Full particulars as to the work of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association can be obtained from the

Orrml!' SECRETARY, St. J ohn's Gate, CleJ'k0nwell, London , E.C.

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<C Z Pocket certificates, price sixpence each, can be obtained by certificated pupils from the Chief Secretary on application th?' O'l.lgh Local Sec1'etcwz'es. Arrangements are also being made for the issue of a badge to certificated pupils t~cice re-examined in accordance with Ml'. FUl'ley's Resolution of July 25, 1879 .

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n. LECIDIERE,

BART., M.P.

SUBSCRIPTIONS AND DONATIONS An Annual Subscriber of Five Shillings and upwards can become a :rvrember of the "St. John Ambulance Association." A Donation of Five Pounds and upwardFl constitutes Life Membership. Annual Subscriptions will be considered due on January 1st, in each year, but an Annual Subscription paid for the first time in October, November, or December, will not become due till 1st of January of the second year following.

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Forms of Membership and Orders on Bankers can be obtained on application to the Chief Secretary. Donations, and especially Ann'ual Subscriptions, are earnestly Rolicited. The work of the ASRociation haFl of late so enormously increased, especially among colliers, miners, police, railwa,y officials, dock employes, and others, who can contribute nothing towa,rds the necessary working expenses-while they constitute a class to whom instruction is, from the nature of their daily occupation, of the highest value-that furtLer and substantial pecuniary support from those able and willing to afford it is urgently needed. Cheques and Post-office Orders, crossed London a,nd Westminster Bank (Westminster Branch), may be made payable to the Chief Secretary, S.J.A.A., St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, KC., or to the Honorary Treasurer of any Centre.

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WORK

AT ST. JOHN'S GATE IN

1880.

MAJOR F. DUNCAN, M.A., LL.D. ROYAL

[Reprinted / rom the

ARTILLERY.

GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE / O?'

October 1880.]

HOSPITALLER WORK AT ST. :lOHN'S GA TE IN 1880. II

)

HE old Gate of St. John, in Clerkenwell, must be interesting even to the general public, from its historical associations and architectural beauty, but it has a special interest for the readers of the Gentleman's Magazine. For many years the vignette on the titlepage of that periodical has kept familiar to us the connection between its infancy and the Gate under the shadow of which so many of its best articles have been written or inspired. It may not, however, be generally known that in the course of the revolving years the old Gate has again become associated with the Hospitaller work which was so dear to the Ancient Order of St. John of Jerusalem-the Order which founded the magnificent Priory in Clerkenwell, of which the Gate is almost the only surviving relic. The year 1100 witnessed the introduction of the Hospitallers into England in a corporate capacity, and they flourished until the year 1540, when they were suppressed, and their property confiscated, by an Act of Parliament. In 1557, much of the injury was repaired by Royal Charter, and part of its possessions was restored to the Order: but the changed state of affairs was of brief duration. Ere two years had passed, the property was again confiscated: but on this occasion there was no suppression of the Order as a fraternity. Practically, however, it became dormant in England, although always represented at the councils in Malta, which had become the chef-lieu of the Hospitallers. After the year I798-the knights having been driven out of Malta-the different divisions or langZtes of the Order maintained an independent existence. N early half a century ago five of the seven remaining lanp.ues met and decreed tl1e revival of the English branch: and, to use the words of the present Chapter of the Order in England, it has-since its revival-I( pursued in spirit the original purposes of its foundation-the alleviation of the sick and suffering of the human race." ·While the Order was dormant in England, the old Gate of the

Hosp£taller Work at St.

Hospitaller Work at St. 7ohn's Gate in 1880.

Priory had passed into lay hands, and had been used for manychiefly festive-purposes. During this inter1'egtlztm, among the points in its history most worthy of notice, were the first appearance of David Garrick as an actor in one of the rooms over the archway; the establishment of the Urban Club, famous for wit, learning, and humour; and the presence, almost nightly at one period of his life, of the great ..Dr. Johnson. Through the generosity and enthusiasm of the present Secretary of the Order, Sir Edmund Lechmere, the Gate was purchased for its original purpose, and is now leased to the Chapter, with a view to its ultimately becoming the property of the English langue. The interior arrangements have been greatly improved by repairs and renovations: but externally the Gate is unchanged, and- now that Temple Bar has disappeared,-it is unique of its kind in the Metropolis. It contains much greater accommodation than an outside inspection would lead one to expect-including an exceedingly handsome general assembly-room, two Chapter-rooms, and a room devoted to the ambulance work of the Order- besides smaller chambers and store-rooms. If the knights of old could re-visit these scenes again, they would find in 8t. John's Gate their own work being carried on in true Hospitaller spirit by a body which numbers in its ranks men high in station-men eminent in their professions-and practical philanthropists who have proved their earnestness in the battle-fields both of war and of peace. Their boast is that they are " not allied with any sect or party of anyone religious denomination, but are thoroughly universal, embracing among them those who-in the spirit of our Divine Master- are willing to devote a portion of their time or their means to the help of the suffering and the sick." While adapting the old traditions and dreams of the founders of the Order to the changed and changing circumstances of the 19 th century, the knights who meet to-day in St. John's Gate retain with much affection the old titles, rules, prayers, and many of the customs established among their predecessors. There are few simpler and yet more impressive sights in London than that of a body of menmostly busy men-turning aside from their professional or Parliamentary duties, and in the shadow of the old Gate joining in the same earnest petitions as have for centuries in the past gone up in the same place, and for similar help. And then-with the businesslike habits of their daily life-they discuss how best to aid still further the many who fall bruised and stricken amid the dangers and hurrying of our bustling industries. In thus wedding the present to the past-in making the tree of our present work strike

I' i\

7 ohn' s Gate in

1880.

its roots deep into that soil which is rich with sentiment and encouragement-a more intense interest is given to labour, and the inevitable self-denial which accompanies all truly philanthropic work is less difficult to practise. Among the practical means of expression given by the English Langue of the Order of St. John to the old spirit which haunts the Gate, Done are more commendable than that by which the discharged convalescents from several hospitals (men discharged to make way for more urgent cases, and unable yet to work at their trades, although cured--it may be-of their acute diseases) are supplied under medical advice with nutritious diet, until their strength is pronounced adequate for their daily toil. This work is carried on by a special department of the Order-that of the Almoner, and it is done in an unobtrusive way, so as in all respects to spare the feelings of the recipients. Again, by the establishment and encouragement of Cottage Hospitals in many parts of England, the Hospitallers have still further developed the intentions of the founders of the Order. The distances over which injured people have to be carried before receiving hospital treatment are, in too many cases, very great; and the means of transport-especially in rural districts-are often so rude as to increase the pain of the sufferer. By increasing the number of small cottage hospitals with three or four beds, provision is made for such cases; and the sympathies of the residents in the district, who would never visit a large hospital, find active and useful expresslOn. Yet again, from the grey gate of St. John, incessant and successful efforts are made to supply to mines, railways, docks, and police stations, as well as to many factories and hospitais, improved materiel for use in case of injury, and better vehicles for the conveyance of injured people than the cruel four-wheeled cab or country cart, to which may be traced so many compound fractures and so much unnecessary hremorrhage. During the past three years about a hundred wheeled ambulances have been so distributed. The distribution of the ambulance materiel, and its improvement, are also under a separate department. The Director of Stores, like the Almoner, represents and controls a special section of the work of the Order; and, although his duties are more especially with the last-born child, the St. John Ambulance Association, they are by no means confined to it, and they are as emphatically Hospitaller in their nature as any that are performed. The suffering that has been minimised, if not abolished, by the spread of matertd for first use in case of injury-not merely into

Hospitaller Work at St. John's Gate -in 1880.

Hospitaller Work at St. John's Cate in 1880.

public places, but into even the humblest homes-is incalculable; and in the presence of such means for relieving pain, comes the desire to know how to use them; and with this knowledge is speedily developed a sympathy, a reverence for pain, hitherto unknown. By logical process, therefore, a handage may become a moral agent! In the power of initiating good work, as well as of administrating it, the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England has not been deficient. In assisting at the birth of those Societies which have become so great and useful, the National Aid Society for Sick and vVounded in War, and the Metropolitan Nursing Association, the Order did good and yeoman's service. In its subsequent establishment of a Medal for gallantry in saving life on land-a decoration which is highly valued-the Order has taken a step to stimulate that sympathy 'with those in danger which tempers and refines mere courage. I n calling into existence the St. J olm Ambulance Associationnow almost a household word-the Order was influenced by the feeling that no perfection in the way of ambulance materzi,zwould compensate for the prevailing ignorance among all classes as to the best means of renderingfirst aid, in case of accident, until medical assistance could be obtained. To give all ranks and both sexes some simple instruction in the treatment of injuries, in the restoration of the suffocated or apparently drowned, in distinguishing fits and drunkenness, and in the lifting and carrying of injured persons-was the scheme of action. The sympathy and the support of the medical profession were readily obtained; many of the leading members belonged to the Order, and nearly all had had painful experience of the complication of injuries and loss of life due to the ignorance and clumsiness of those who were called on to handle sufferers in the first instance. A simple course was decided upon; a syllabus was drawn up, a handbook was published, and classes were formed. These classes have now met in almost every part of England, Scotland, and in the metropolis of Ireland. There are at this moment over seventy organised Ambulance Centres in cities and towns of the United Kingdom, and in addition to these there have been, during the past year, classes held at over forty other places where local committees have not yet been formed. London is divided into districts supervised by members of the Order, and classes have been held at police-stations, barracks, docks, schools, public buildings of all descriptions,-including the "Var and India Offices, and private houses. Classes for further instruction have also been held in St. Mary's, Westminster, King's College, and the North London Hospitals, and an important class for the Naval Artillery Volunteers in St. Thomas's Hospital.

But perhaps, of all the classes which have been held, the most interesting was one for working men, held in St. John's Gate itsel£ It was indeed a fitting-on of the old time to the new, and a legitimate development of the Hospitaller spirit, when these men-warriors in a campaign whose victims are more numerous than in what is generally called war-came together week after week, at no slight cost in selfsacrifice and self-denial, to acquire a knowledge which was not to make themselves great or rich, but merely useful to their fellows. And they were only types of thousands who have done the same, although not under circumstances of such sentimental interest. The St. John Ambulance Association, although admitting of much decentralized work, is governed from St. John's Gate by a central committee, composed entirely of members of the Order. As in the cases above mentioned, there is a special ambulance department, and its representative on the Council, the Director, acts as Vice-Chairman of the St. John Ambulance Association. All the examiners of classes are detailed by the Central Committee, and a uniform value is thus secured for the certificates granted to successful pupils. All orders and rules governing the association are issued by the Central Committee j and yet there is sufficient decentralization to permit much useful local action and healthy rivalry, and to relieve the governing body of purely local details. As all correspondence and all publications date from St. John's Gate, this last child of the Order has done more than any other to call attention to the fact that there yet stands in London this interesting remnant of the Hospitallers' Priory. Hemmed in by nineteenth-century buildings and associations,with that modern agency, a Board of Works, burrowing and streetmaking in its vicinity,-and with only a few hints, as on the signs of taverns near it, to tell of the old times-the historic Gate still stands, and the faith of the knights of to-day in their work is as strong as the archway itself. No longer do they keep themselves apart from the world for a special purpose j they do better- they carry their purpose z"nto the world. They sanctify their leisure and their energies to the relief of suffering j and their belief is invincible that, in working pro utilitate hominum, they are also working pro gloria D ei!

~ I I

REFEHENCE

No.

57. /

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GUIDA TeE OF

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CQIX£ctBltt£t£1

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REVISED BY DIRECTION OF THE

CENTRAL

EXECUTiVE OCTOBER 1ST)

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COMMITTEE,

1880.

PRINTED BY CHARLES CULL AND SON, HOUGHTON STREET>

STRA~D,

'Y.C.

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Joiju :i:mbulsnrp :i:ssorisfion.

J!nhn J\mbulctn££ J\£so£iation. INSTRUCTIONS FOR TilE GUIDANOE OF

CHAIRMEN, TREASURERS AND HONORARY SECRETARIES OF CENTRES.

Qttairman. IR EDMUND A. H. LEOHMERE,

BART.,

J.p,

JlBeput!1 Qtijatrman. MAJOR F. DUNCAN, R.A., M.A., D.C.L.

JlBirettor of .$torc.5. JOHN FURLEY, ESQ.

Qtbief .$ecretar1! . OAPTAIN H. O. PERROTT.

m:rU.5tet.5. GENERAL THE VISOOUNT TEMPLETOyVN, K.O.B .. SIR EDMUND A. H. LEOHMERE, BART., M.P. GENERAL SIR JOHN ST. GEORGE, K.O.B.

18 anIter.5. LONDON AND "\YESTMINSTER BANK (\VESTMINSTER BRANcn),

Objects. _ H E ST. JOHN AMBULANOE ASSOOIATION has been • initiated, organised, and established by His Grace the Duke of Manchester, K.P., and the Ohapter of the Order of t. John of Jerusalem in England, for the dissemination of information as to the jJ1'elimincwy treatment of the Sick and Injured. It must however be clearly u.nderstood that there is no intention, or even attempt, to render nugatory the services of the medical professiDn. The object is not to 1'ival, but to aiel the physician or surgeon, and the instruction given at the classes is intended merely to qualify the pupil to adopt such remedial measures as may be ad vantageous pending the doctor's arrival.

Constitution. The Governing body is the Oentral Executive Oommittee. The Executive Officers are the Ohairman, the Deputy-Ohairman, the Director of Stores, and the Ohief-Secretary.

1, St. James's Square, London, S.YV.

The office of Deputy-Ohairman is held, under ordinary circumstances, by the Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

ST. JOHN'S GATE, OLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.O.

The Oentral Execu tive Oommittee and the Executive Officers are appointed by the Ohapter of the Order of St. J olm of Jerusalem in England.

:Members ancl Honorary Associates of the Order of St. John of of the Central Jerusalem are alone qua l1'fi ee1 t 0 b ecome membe's I Executive Committee, or to act as Executive Officers. The IV[edical Committee consists of the medical members of the Central Executive Committee, and of the Chairmen and Secretaries of the Ambulance Committees of the various London Hospitals in communication with the Central Executive Committee.

The Central Executive Committee meets on the last Friday in the month, (except in August), at 5.15 p.m. Five members constitute a quorum.

Centres and Districts. The Governing bocly of a Centre or District is a Locn.l Commit~ee in subordination to, and uncler the control of, the Central ExecutIve Committee. The Executive Officers of a Centre or District, are the Chn.irman, the Deputy-Chairman, the Treasurer, and Honorary Secretary. A resident Nobleman or Gentleman of influence should be appointed President of the Centre. The Office of President, and also of Chairman, should be held, if possible, by MembArs of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. The Chairman and in his absence the Deputy-Chairman, is responsible to the Central Executive Committee for the working of the Centre or District. The Treasurer is responsible to the Local Committee that proper measures are taken for the collection of funds to defray the necessary expenses, and will give receipts for all Subscriptions received, out of books supplied for that purpose from St. John's Gate. He will also regulate the local expenditure at the Centre, and, as far as lies in his power, prevent extravagance. He will also tn.ke care that the annual balance-sheet referred to uncler the heading" FINANCE" is duly forwarded, at the proper time, to the head office. The Treasurer can depute the performance of a portion of his duties to the Honorary Secretary at his discretion. The

Honorary Secretary keeps the minutes of Committee

Meetings, conducts the ordinary correspondence of the Centre, collects the names of pupils, and arranges details as to the classes for instruction, subject to the approval of the Chairman and Local Committee. He (or someone else whom he may appoint) is required to keep a register of the attendance of pupils, showing correct names (Christian and Surname), addresses and dates of attendance at the lectures and examination. It is essential that this register should be accurately kept, as on it depends the compilation of the retlU'ns forwarded to the Chief Office for the Annual Report. The Honorary Secretary will communicate with the Director of Btores with respect to the materiel required for the use of the classes, and will make application to the Chief Secretary-(to whom also general correspondence should be addressed)-whenever Examiners are required. It is desirable to give ten days' clear notice, and the application should state convenient day (or days) hour, place of examination, sex, and probable number of candidates. The Honorary Secretary will make perodical report of the progress of the work at the Centre to the Chief Secretary, for the information of the Central Executive Committee.

Correspondence of a confidential nature should have the word (( Primte " written on the envelope flap.

Local Committees. Any clisputes or differences of opinion which may arise at a Centre among the Executive Officers or others, should be referred to the Local Committee for arbitration. In extreme cases appeal may be made to the Central Ex:ecutive Committee, whose decision will be considered final. Local Committees are empowered-subject to the sanction of the Central Committee-to open Branch Centres or Districts in their immediate neighbourhoods, and such Branches wi1l hold the same relation to the Centre as the Centre itself to head-quarters.

FINANCE. All local Expenses will be defrayed by the Treasurer, or Honorary Secretary, of the Centre or District out of Subscriptions received.

Receipts for local clonn,tjons and subscriptions will be given by the Treasurer, or Honorary Secretary, of the Centre or District from receipt-books supplied by the Chief Secretary.

A Balance Sheet, or Statement of Receipts and Expenditure at each Centre, will be annually sent in to the Chief Secretary, not later than June 15th. This must be signed and certified as correct by the Chairman, the Treasurer, and the Honorary Secretary, or, if the office of Treasurer be vacant, by one other member of the local Committee. The balance of subscriptions in hand is then to be paid ~ver to the Central Fund, to assist the €.lasses in poor localities, and to aid in carrying on and extending the work of the Association.

resources, viz.,-the classes established for the police, public servants, dock labourers, mechanics, and working people of both sexes. To these the instruction afforded is of the utmost value from the frequent accidents occurring in their daily life, but the pupils are seldom in a position to make any pecuniary return. The maintenance of such classes, therefore, fans heavily on the General Fund, and tbe Committee can only..rely upon the receipt of substantial support from its Centres to enable it to extend its sphere of philanthropic labour still further in a direction where development is so much needed.

An Annual Subscriber of five shillings and upwards can become a member of the" St. John Ambulance Association." A Donation of five pounds and upwards constitutes Life

The collection of local funds may be classed und('r three heads(a) Donations; (b) Annual SUbSC1'iptions; (c) the fixing of an E ntmnce Fee, or charge for admission to the Lectures.

Membership. Annual Subscriptions will be considered due on January 1st in each year, but an ct,nn~tal Subscription paid for the first time in October, November, or December, will not become due till the 1st of January of the second year following. Subscription Forms, Bankers Orders, and Testamentary forms of Bequests can be obtained by Treasurers and Secretaries from the head office.

Cheques and Post Office Orders remitted to head-quarters, should be crossed-London and 'Vestminster Bank (Westminster Branch), and made payable to the Chief Secretary (Captain H. C. Perrott); unless in payment of accounts for stores, when they should be made payable to the Director of Stores (John Furley, Esq.) Examiners' fees (one guinea for each class examined) and first class travelling expenses are ilnvcwiably paid by the Central Executive Committee in London. The Committee, however, expect that the remittance forwarded to head-quarters at the annual settling of accounts, on the termination of the financial year (June] 5th), 'will be sufficient in amount to cover not only the sum expended on this head during the previous twelve months, but to afforu a fair contribution towards" incidental expenses," such as printing, postage, cost of certificates, and general office expenditure. It is earnestly hoped also that every effort will be made to forward a donation to the Central Fund, of such a nature as to materially aid the Association in carrying on a branch of its work which severely taxes its

1.4

If the list of donors and annual subscribers be sufficiently lengthy, no better means can be devised. If, however, various circumstances, such as numerous other local claims upon the residents, prevent this being the case, the charging of an entrance fee of more or less amount becomes a necessity. Nevertheless, the guiding principIa which has actuated the founclers of the movement must not be overlooked-namely, that the instruction afforded should be equally available to rich and poor alike, without distinction of class or creed. To carry this axiom into effect, the plan generally adopted has been to compel those who can afford to pay to contribute-in rnodemtionfor those who cannot. Thus, e.g., the amount received from two cIa. es, admission to which is by entrance fee, should be sufficient to defray the cost of a free class for working people. These last, it is well known, frequently attach, however humble may be their position, far greater value to a benefit to obtain which they have had to make some slight sacrifice, pecuniary or otherwise; and it may be desirable sometimes to make a charge of a few pence even to these. The whole subject, however, of the fixing or total remission of entrance fees is a matter for the consideration of the Local Committee, which will be guided in its decision by its knowledge of local circumstances.

The names of Life and Annual Members attached to a Centre or District are printed in the Appendix to the Annual Report.

Course of Instruction.

Lecturers.

This consists of five lectures, each of about all hour and a half's duration. The last haH hour is devoted to practical work, such as bandaging, restoration of the apparently drowned and otherwise asphyxiated, methods of arresting bleeding, lifting the injured, carrying on stretchers, &c.

All lecturers must be duly qualified. medical practitioners. Local Committees are responsible to tbe Central Committee that the gentlemen requested to undertake the duty (whose names must be duly reported) possess the necessary professjonal qualifications. At the Association's Centres-with very few exceptions-the office of lecturer is accepted by local doctors entirely without fee or pecuniary reward. It is most desirable that this should inva?'iably be the case, as great expense is thereby spared the Centre. Lecturers may not examine their own classes. Any member of the :Medical Staff of a Centre who has lectured gratuitously to not less than two classes is entitled to hecome an Honorary Member of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association, without payment of the subscription requisite in otber cases. Local Secretaries will forward the names of such lecturers to the Ohief Secretary, who will submit them to the Central Executive Committee for election.

There is an interval of a week between each lecture. Mixed classes of males and females are on no account permitted. From twenty-five to thirty is the best number for each class. If this number of pupils be exceeded the lecturer cannot devote sufficient attention to the practical instruction of each individual in the limited time at his disposal. The authorised Syllabus of the Association, copies of which can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, must be uniformly adhered to by lecturers. The Syllabus of instruction is of two kinds; (a) The Preliminary or First Course. (b) The Second or Advanced Course, entitled " Lectures on Home N ursing and Hygiene." The Second Course is for women only. Pupils attending it should have passed through the First Course, and in no case may a pupil enter for examination in the Second Course unless she has previously obtained the Preliminary Course certificate. In neither the First nor the Second Course maya pupil enter for the E.--caminatioll unless he ~or she) has :1ttended at least four out of the fiye lectures. . I

The "Materiel" required for the use of the Classes ean be purchased trom the Director of Stores at the cheapest possible rates. Certain of the articles supplied,-such as the stretcher, physiological charts, and splints,-are available for the use of an unlimited number of classes. The recognised text book of the Association is the Handbook compiled for the usc of the pupils, and presented to the Order of St. J olm by one of its Honorary Associates, the late Surgeonl\Iajor P. Shepherd, A.M.D. (Killed at Isandula). \Vomen's classes usually meet in some lady's hOllse; men's parish school-room, public hall: institution, or similar building.

III

Examiners. t i )

The Examiners are appointed by the Central Executive Committee on the recommendation of the Medical Committee. All applications for Examiners are to be addressed to the Chief Secretary. Treasurers, or Honorary Secretaries, arc on no account permitted to pay E xaminers their fees or travelling expenses. Reports on examinations are sent direct by Examiners to the Chief Secretary, who forwards copies or extracts at his discretion to Honorary Secretaries for the information of Local Committees.

Examination. The Examination, which usually takes place the sixth week, may be written, or oral, or both combined-usually the latter. Foolscap p~per, and pens and ink (or pencils) should therefore be provided. Each candidate will be required to satisfy the Examiner as to competency in both the theoretical and practicd portions of the Syllabus.

Certificates. The successful candidates are awarded, by the Central Executive Committee-without charge- card certificates for the First Course and vellum for the Second. Small portable duplicates for the pocket can be purchased by certificated pupils for a trifling sum . All certificates, are filled in, stamped, and issued (signed by the Examiner) from the Head Office at St. John's Gate. No certificates

are recognised which do not bear the official stamp of the Association. Arrangements should be made, if possible, for the public presentation of certificates,-at any rate in the case of male classes.

®rl.lcr of cSt. 10bH of 1eruzalem in QEnglanl.l. 1880.

Re-examination of Pupils. Certificated pupils will not be considered properly qualified to render first aid to the injured beyond a year from the date of the certificate, unless they submit to an examination at least once in twelve months. This examination may be made by any member of a Local :Medical Staff, and it will only extend to two or three practical questions, the answers to which may prove that the knowledge once acquired has not been forgotten. Such re-examined pupils will, under certain conditions, be allowed to purchase an ornamental medallion, to be worn on the watch-chain or carried in the pocket.

Service in time of War. A Register of names of certificated pupils and others, willing to serve with an Ambulance train in time of war in certain capacities, is kept at St. John's Gate. Forms of application can be obtained from the Chief Secretary.

I·

NOTE.-Honorary Secretaries of Centres are particularly requested to forward copies of all circulars, local newspaper cuttings, or other printed papers to the Chi~f Secretary, so that they may be filed at St. John's Gate for reference.

These Instructions have been revised by order of the Central Executive Committee, and are substituted for others previously in use. EDMUND A. H . LECHMERE, BART., M.P. Ohai1'1nan, St. John Ambulance Association.

FRANCIS DUNCAN, MAJOR, R.A. Deputy Ohai1·man.

HERBERT C. PERROTT, Ohie f Secretary. ST. JOHN'S GATE, CLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.C. Octo be?' 1st, 1880.

TIllS Order was founded about the year 1092, for the maintenance of an hospital at Jerusalem; and, subsequently, the defence of Christian pilgrims on their journeys to and from the Holy Land. It afterwards became a knightly institution; but ever preserved its hospitals, and cherished the duty of alleviating sickness and suffering. The Order was first planted in England in the year 1100, and raised the noble structure which once formed the Priory of Clerkenwell, of which the gateway now alone remains to attest the importance of the chief house of the Order in England. The Order held high place in this country until the year 1540, when it was despoilod, suppressed, and its property confiscated by Act of Parliament. In 1557 it was restored by Royal Charter, and much of its possessions re-granted; but only to be again confiscated within the subsequent two years by a second statute, which did not, however, enact the re-suppression of the fraternity. Still, with the loss of possessions, and the withdrawal of most of its members to Malta-then the sovereign seat of the Order-it became practically dormant in England. Many fiuGtuations have marked the fortunes of an institution which played a prominent part in most of the great events of Europe, until its supreme disaster in the loss of Malta, in 1798 j after which the surviving divisions of the Order had each to perpetuate an independent existence, and to mark out the course of its own future. It is now nearly half a century ago that a majority of five of tho seven then existing remnants of the institution decreed the revival of the time-honoured branch of the Order in England j sillce which event it has, so far as means permitted, pursued, in spirit, the original purposes of its fotmdation-the alleviation of the sick and suffering of the human race. The following are some of the objects which have engaged the attention of the Order :Providing convalescent patients of hospitals (without distinction of creed) ' with such nourishing diets as are medically ordered j so as to aid their return, at the earliest possible time, to the business of life and the support of their fami lies.

The (original) institution in England of what is now known as the "National Society for Aid to Sick and ounded in "\Yar." The foundation and maintenance of Cottage Hospitals and Convalescent Homes. Providing the means and opportunities for local training of nurses for the sick poor; and the foundation of what is now known as the Metropolitan and National Society for training and supplying such nurses. The promotion of a more intimate acquaintance with the wants of the poor in time of sickness. The establishment of ambulance litters, for the conveyance of sick and injured persons in the colliery and mining districts, and in all large railway and other public departments and towns, as a means of preventing much aggravation of human suffering. The award of sHver and bronze medals, and certificates of honour, for special services on land ill the cause of humanity. The initiation and organisation, during the recent Turco-Servian ,Var, of the" Eastern \Var Sick and ,Younded Relief Fund." The institution of the " St. John Ambulance Association" for instruction in the preliminary treatment of the Injured in Peace and the ,V ounded in 'Yar. Although started little more than three years since, this movement has already attained very great success, and upwards of seventy Local Centres have already been formed in important towns and districts in all parts of the kingdom, many others being in course of formation. Among the more notable classes are those for the instruction of the Metropolitan and City Police; County Constabulary; London and Provincial Fire Brigades; Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers; the ,Val' Office, and other Government Departments; the Custom House; East and ,Vest India Docks; • and numerous public and private institutions. It is only necessary to add, as a further proof of the value of the movement, that several members of the Royal Family-H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, H.R.H. Prince L eopold, and T.R.H. Prince and Princess Christian-hold the offices of President~, or Patrons, of Country Centres. Detached Ladies Classes have also been held, pending the formation of Centres, at many other places. The Order of St. John has no connection whatever ·with any of the numerous associations or fraternities now existing for benevolent or other purposes, whether similar or not in name; nor is it allied with any sect or party of anyone religious deilomination, but is

thoroughly universal-embracing among its members and associates those, who, in the spirit of our Divine Master, are willing to devote a lJoltion of their time or their means to the help of the suffering aml the sick. ST. JOliN'S GATE, CLERKE",WELL,

October, 1880.

l!.or'lJ 19rior.

HIS GRACE

,VILLIA~I

DROGO, DUKE of MANCHESTER, K.P. ~aiIiff

of Eagle.

The Right Hon. VVILLIAM HENRY, BARO Q.[ommnn'lJer of

~a:nre1!

LEIGH.

Q.[nstIe.

Sir EDMUND A. H. LECHl\IERE, Bart., M.P., F.S.A. ~De

Q.[ounciI.

President-General Sir JOHN ST. GEORGE, K.C.B. Major General the 1'Iost Honorable the :Marquis COr YNGHAM. The Right Honorable the Earl of DUDLEY. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of ST. ALBA S. (Chaplain Geneml.) Sir EDWARD G. L. PERROTT, Bart. Colonel Sir JAl\l[ES BOURNE, BART., F.S.A. General SiT H. C. B. DAUBENEY, K.C.B. JOHN FURLEY, Esq. Exccutine @ffims. Who are ex officio Members of the Council. Chancellor-General Sir JOH ST. GEORGE, K.C.B. Secl'eta?'Y and R eceivfw-Sir E. A. H. LEcH~1ERE, Bart., M.P., F.S.A. Registm?·-Lieut.-Colonel GOULD HUNTER-'YESTO , F.S.A. Almoner-General the Viscount TEMPLETOWN, K.C.B. Genenlogist-Rev. ivY. K. R. BEDFORD, M.A. Libnwict?7r--EDvVIN FRESHFIELD, Esq., M.A., V.P.S.A. Assistcmt SeC?'eta?'y-Captain PERROTT, E.K.M. AmbulanceDepartment-Director: Major F. DUNCAN, R.A., :M.A., D.C.L. Banke?'sThe London and Westminster Bank, ], St. James's Square, S:~T.

Communications may be addressed to the Secretary of the Order of St. John, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.

®rbtx Df jf.

~Dun Df ~txusaltm

in ®nglanh.

DESCRIPTIVE HISTORY OF THE

"ST. JOHN AMBULANCE WHEELED LITTER" (PA TENTED), AND OF

THE MEDAL AWARDED BY THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN FOR DEEDS OF GALLANTRY IN SAVING LIFE ON LAND.

LONDON:

HARRISON, 59, PALL MALL, 1880.

I! CONTENTS.

--0--

PAGE

The Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England-

HARRISON AND SONS, CC

PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO liER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.

Executive Officers of .•

Brief Acc01mt of

The St. John .AmbultmC6 Wl1eeled LitLeI'''Account of

IllusLrations

The Medal of Lhe Order of St. J ohnAccolmt of

illustrations

Names of Recipients to date ..

ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM IN ENGLAND. J.orh iJrior. llis GRACE WILLIAM DROGO, DUKE OF MANCHESTER, K.P. ~llili£f .crf ~ll£lt.

The Right Hon. WILLIAM lliNRY, BARON LEIGH.

(a;.crmmllnhtr .crf ~llnI.e!l <li:llS±rt. Sir EDMUND A. H. LECHIIfERE, Bart., M.P., F.S.A.

t!tIJ.e <li:mtntil. P1'esident-General Sir JOHN ST. GEORGE, K.C.B. Major-General the Most Honorable the Marquis CONYNGHAM. The Right llonorable the Earl of DUDLEY. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of ST. ALBANS (Chaplain. General). Sir EDWARD G. L. PERROTT, Bart. Colonel Sir J liIES BOURNE, Bart. General Sir H. C. B. DAUBENEY, K.C.B. JOHN FURLEY, Esq. ~ntttti&t

®ffittts

Who are ex officio Members of the Council. Chancello1'-Gen8Il al Sir JOHN ST. GEORGE, K.C.B. Secretary and Receive1'-Sir E. A. H. LECHl'IfERE, Bart., M.P., F.S.A. Registmr-Lieut.-Colonel GOULD HUNTER-WESTON, F .S.A. Almone1'-Oeneral the ViscuUIlt TEMPLETOWN, K.C.B. Genealogist-Rev. W. K. R. BEDFORD, M.A. Lib1'a1'ian-EDwIN FRESHFIELD, Esq., M.A., V.P.S.A. Assistant Sec1'eta1'y-Captain PERROTT, E.K.M. Ambulance Depa?'tment-Director: :Major F. DUNCAN, R.A., M.A., D.O,/;.

Bankers-The London and Westminster Bank, 1, St. James's

Square, S.W.

Communications may be addressed to the Secretary of the Order of St. John, St. John's Gate, Clerke!lwell, London, E.C.

A BRIEF AC001JNT OF THE

®rhtr af ~t. ~ogn of ~trusaIem in ®nglanlr+ 1880.

THIS Order was founded about the year 1092, for the maintenance of an hospital at Jerusalem; and, subsequently, the defence of Christian pilgrims on their journeys to and from the Holy Land. It afterwards became a knightly institution; but ever preserved its hospitals, and cherished the duty of alleviating sickness and suffering. The Order was first planted in England in the year 1100, and raised the noble structtu'e which once formed the Priory of Clerkenwell, of which the gateway now alone remains to attest the importance of the chief house of the Order in England. The Order held high place in this country lmtil the year 1540, when it was despoiled, suppressed, and its property confiscated by Act of Parliament. In 1557 it was restored by Royal Charter, and much of its possessions re-granted; but only to be again confiscated within the subsequent two years by a second statute, which did not, however, enact the re-suppression of the fraternity. Still, with the loss of possessions, and the withdrawal of most of its members to .Malta-then the sovereign seat of the Order-- it became practically dormant in England. Many fluctuations have marked the fortunes of an institution which played a prominent part in most of the great events of Europe, until its supreme disaster in the loss of Malta, in 1798 ;

after which the surviving divisions of the Order had each to perpetuate an independent existence, and to mark out the course of its own future. It is now nearly half a century ago that a majority of five of the seven then existing remnants of the institution decreed the revival of the time-honoured branch of' the Order in England; since which event it has, so far as means permitted, pursued, in spirit, the original purposes of its foundation-the alleviation of the sick and suffering of the human race. The following are SOilie of the objects which have engaged the attention of the Order :Providing convalescent patients of hospitals (without distinction of creed) with such nourishing diets as are medically ordered; so as to aid their return, at the earliest possible time, to the business of life and the support of their families. The (original) institution in England of what is now known as the "National Society for Aid to Sick and Wounded in "·{ar." The foundation and maintenance of Cottage Hospitals and Convalescent Homes. Providing the means and opportunities for local training of nurses for the sick poor; and the foundation of what is now known as the Metropolitan and National Society for training and supplying such nurses. The promotion of a more intimate acquaintance with the wants of the poor in time of sickness. The establishment of ambulance litters, for the conveyance of sick and injured persons, in the colliery and mining districts, and in all large railway and other public departments and towns, as a means of preventing much aggravation of human suffering. The award of silver and bronze medals, and certificates of honour, for special services on land in the C8,use of' humanity. The initiation and organisation during the recent Tlu'coRervian V.l ar of the. "Eastern War Sick and Wounded Relief Fund." The institution of the" St. John Ambulance Association" for instruction in the preliminary treatment of the Injured in Peace and the Wounded in ,li,lar. Although started little more than

three years since, this movement has already attained very great success, and upwards of seventy Local Centres have aheady been formed in important towns and districts in all parts of the kingdom, many others being in course of formation. Among the more notable classes are those for the instruction of the Metropolitan and City Police; County Constabulary; London and Provincial Fire Brigades; Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers; the War Office and other Government Departments; the Custom House; East and West India Docks; and numerous public and private institutions. It is only necessary to add, as a further proof of the value of the movement, that several members of the Royal Family-H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, H.R.H. Prince Leopold, and T .R.H. Prince and Princess Christian-hold the office of Presidents, or Patrons, of Country Centres. Detached Classes have also been held, pending the formation of Centres, at many places. The Order of St. John has no connection whatever with any of the numerous associations or fraternities now existing for benevolent or other purposes, whether similar or not in name; nor is it allied with any sect or party of anyone religious denomination; but it is thoroughly universal; embracing among its members and associates those who: in the spint of 0111' Di vin e Master, are willing to devote a portion of their time or their means to the help of the suffering and the sick.

ST. JOHN'S GATE, CLERKENWELL, Aug~,st,

1880.

AMBULANOE LITTERS FOR THE

CONVEYANCE OF THE SICK AND INJURED.

BEING A DESCRIPTION OF THE

"ST. JOHN" AMBULANOE WHEELED LITTER, INTRODUCED AND PATENTED BY

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE CHAPTER. l880.

Tlze following ill1.tst1'ations, and the descriptions of the" St. John" twowheeled ambulance litte1's, will be f01.tncl useful to those who take an inteTest in this subject.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE "81'. JOllN" TWO-vVHEELED AMBULANCE LITTERS.

THE "ST. JOHN" AMBULANCE WHEELED LITTER.

THE want of some organisation for the aid of sufferers by accidents, &c.-which are of frequent OCClUTence, especially in the mining and colliery districts- has long been felt. The members of the Order of St. John of J erusalem J desirous of carrying out their motto P1'0 utilitate hominum, have had under their consideration some means of remedying this want. It occurred to them that the introduction of a light ambulance litter, for the r emoval of persons who were injured by accidents, would t end very much to alleviate their sufferings. The Order of St. John can recommend their ambulance litters for use in all places-country parishes, villages, towns, hospitals, mining districts, &c.; for even the smallest village may have need of one at times for the transport of an inhabitant, and the trifling cost is well rewarded by the great benefit acquired. In the mining and colliery districts, where accidents are frequent, these litters are of the greatest use, and the benefit which they confer has been proved on many occasions at places where they are stationed. Numerous medical men and others ha ve testified to their usefulness. Valuable testimony to the usefulness of these ambulances is afforded by the following extract from a "Report on the removal of persons suffering from infectious diseases," by Wm. Hardwicke, Esq., M.D., coroner for Middlesex:-

PRICE £16.

" I am of opinion that the best vehicle yet known for the removal of sick and injured persons is that introduced by the English Branch of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, invented by Mr. Neuss, of Berlin. It runs on two wheels, combines all the advantages of a litter

and a carriage, may be unclosed, and an attendant can accompany the occupant. These vehicles can be taken to houses, upstairs, and into bedrooms for the patient, which is an immense advantage."

From the facUity with which the litter can be thoroughly disinfected, it is peculiarly well adapted for the conveyance of those suffering from contagious and infectious diseases. Thus the Order of St. John trust that in course of time these ambulances will come into general use throughout the country. They can be supplied by t.he Order at £16 each; but no peeuniary advantage is derived from their sale; the sole object the Order has in view is to make more generally known, and to bring into more general use, so inexpensive a means of diminishing suffering. After the first cost the expense is very small. Nothing would be required b eyond the trifling cost of occasional re-painting, and repair if damaged. The litter should be placed in charge of some trustworthy person: who would see that it was safely housed and kept in good order, always ready for 11se. It would be well for this person to be thoroughly conversant with its construction, and to know how to use it without delay in any case when it might be required. Among the places where the St. John Wheeled Litter is to be found, the following may be mentioned: viz. : -

The following extracts also are taken from a few of the letters which have been received from other sources. John Alcock, Esq., Surgeon of the North Staffordshire Infirmary, Burslem, writes : H I have much pleasure in stating that I saw the ambulance made use of the other day in conv~ying a patient suffering from compound fracture of the leg to his own home, and that I was much struck with its efficiency and simplicity. The man also stated that he was carried from the scene of the accident without suffering the least pain."

J. M. Taylor, Esq., L.R.C.P. (London), Burslem, writes : "I am very glad to be able to speak favourably of the ambulance litter which, through the benevolence of the Order of St. John, has been introduced into this town. Of the efficiency of the litter there can be no doubt, and in a place like this, where the Infirmary is some miles away, its usefulness is very great." J. VV. Powell, Esq., Clerk to the Local Board of Health, Burslem, writes : "In my annual report to the Board I refer to the fact of their having accepted the charge of the ambulance litter, and state that it has already done good service by alleviating suffering in n. number of cases of accident." But it is not only in mining and colliery districts that t.he members of the Order of St. John hope to see their ambulances introduced. In all large towns, where street accidents are common, and building is going on, they will be found most useful. Also in every establishment in which many persons are employed, and in which either the nature of the occupation followed, or of the machinery in use entails risk of accidents and injuries, there might be an ambulance provided for dealing efficiently with these casualties when they may happ en. Even in rural districts, where accidents are less frequent, an ambulance could be stationed at some central place to convey any who might meet with accidents to the nearest hospital, or to their homes; thus sparing injured persons an immense aggravation of the suffering usually experienced at such times by the manner of removal now employed.

Alma Colliery (Chesterfield) Barnsley Birkenhead Blackheath Camborne Cannock Clay Cross East and West India Docks Eton Halifax London Docks Maidstone Manchester Mansfield Margate Monkwearwouth Monmouth Morfa Colliery Nine-Elms Station

North Woolwich Norwich Oxford Pilsley Colliery Pontypridd Purton Shipley Colliery Southampton Stafford Stoke-upon-Trent Sunderland Surrey Commercial Docks Swanwick Colliery Swinton Tenby \Vestminster Union Westward Ho ! V\Toolwich WOl'cester

In adaition to some twenty-five, placed at important Police Stations in London, thirty-nine others are in course of supply to the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, who speaks of them in the highest terms.

To place a Pe1'son on the Litter.-As soon as possible after the injury has been attended to by the surgeon, the patient is to be placed upon the stretcher. For this purpose three bearers, in addition to the man in charge, are required. They are severally to be numbered 1, 2, 3. When all is ready, No. 1 will give the word "Fall in." At this command Nos. 2 and 3 take up a position on opposite sides of the patient near his haunch bones facing each other, and No.1 near to, and facing the injured part. No. 1 now gives the word "Ready." At tIllS all stoop down, Nos. 2 and 3 gradually get each one hand under the back of the patient near the shoulder-blades and lock them, the other hands being passed, and clasped under the upper part of his thighs, as close as possible to the lower part of his body, while No. 1 supports and gives his undivided attention to the injured part, placing his hands in such a position as to insure it being lifted with the least possible movement. The word" Lift" follows. At this word all the three bearers, having secured a fu'm grasp and acting together, slowly rise from the stooping posture, and bringing their knees together stand up. As soon as the erect position is gained, the word" March" is given, when they will slowly and steadily carry the patient lmtil he is exactly over his place on the stretcher-that is, with his head directly over the pillow on which it is to rest. At this point the order "Halt" is given, followed by "Ready," at which the bearers are to stop and get into a position in which they can lower the patient. The word " Down" being then given, the patient is carefully lowered and deposited upon the stretcher, each bearer at the same time dropping slowly into the stooping position. The stretcher is then to be lifted into position on the frame, and fastened by means of the hinged fixttues. In removing a patient from off' the stretcher the same orders are to be carried out; the patient being removed feet foremost. When a bone is broken the patient is not to be placed on the stretcher in the absence of the surgeon without fu'st applying the splints to the broken limb. Neglect of this 'rule may conve1't a simple fracture into a compound one. In proceeding to the hospital, or the patient's home, the litter is always to be wheeled with the foot foremo st, and when

The following printed paper of plain directions is sent out with each litter, and also "Directions which will be found useful to carry out in the case of an Injured Person before Surgical Aid is procured" :-DIRECTIONS FOR THE USE OF THE WHEELED LITTER.

It is necessary that the person in charge of the wheeled litter should make himself thoroughly acquainted with every part of it, not only as regards its mechanism, but also with the different materials of which it is composed; so that it may be always perfectly efficient and ready for use at a moment's notice. V\Then called to an accident, or case of sickness, he is to proceed with the utmost despatch, and to allow nothing to delay him. On returning with the sick or injured person to the hospital, 01' to his or her home, he is to maintain a steady and even pace, carefully picking out the most even part of the road, and neither to let the litter be tilted up or down, nor to stop or go on suddenly. In the event of two or more helpers being available, they are in every particular to be under the orders of the person in charge, and strictly to carry out his instructions and commands. The person in charge will ha ve the care of the surgical equipment of the litter, and be responsible that all the articles of it are present and in good condition. AU expenditure of materials is to be replaced without delay. Placing the Litte1'.-When an injured person has to be placed on the litter, the stretcher is to be detached from the frame and carried as close as possible to him-that is, the foot of the stretcher close to the patient's head and the whole stretcher in a line with him; as in any other position it will interfere with the movements of those lifting him, and carrying him on to it.

practicable the bearers will always accompany i~ for t~e pur~~se of lift.ing the patient of! it, one of them tak1D~ hIS posItIon between the foot handles, to assist the man 1D charge m wheeling it. vVhen the litter has been used for the conveyance of infectious or contagious cases-as scarlatina, measles, smallpox, fever, or cholera-it is to be disinfected. immediately afterwards. For this purpose either of the followmg may be used : With ChlO?'ine Gas. OZB.

Common salt ..... ; ............••..... ' Oxide of manganese (in powder) ••...... Sulphuric acid •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. Water. • . . . . • . •• . . . . . . •• . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

] 1 2

The water and acid to be mixed together and then poured over the ingredients in a delf basin which should be placed in a pipkin of hot sand. With Nit1,Otts Acid Gas. OZS.

Copper shavings ... . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . Nitric acid. . . . . . . . . . . .. .......... ... Water ....................•...........

1. 2

It 1t

Pour the acid and the water upon t.he copper in a small jar. With SulplLu?'ic Acid Gas.

Burn two ounces of sulphur in a pipkin. All doors and windows and other openings in the room to be closed before commencing the fumigation. The operator will leave the room immediately the process has commenced. At the expiration of from two to three hours all doors and windows to be thrown open and free ventilation established, or the litter placed in the open air.

DIRECTIONS WHICH IT WILL BE USEFUL TO CARRY OUT IN THE CASE OF AN INJURED PERSON BEFORE SURGICAL AID IS PROCURED. Immediately on the receipt of any injury the patient is to be carried to the nearest convenient spot, and laid horizontally on his back. The distance he is thus to be carried should be as short as possible; for the nature and extent of the injlU'y which has been sustained not being as yet ascertained, carrying for a long distance by untrained bearers will be very likely to complicate, or render it more severe. On the patient being laid in the horizontal position, the mode of procedure should be as follows :_ First, all constrictions caused by clothing are to be removed -that is, his necktie is to be undone; the collar of his shirt, his braces, waistcoat, also the band of his trousers, unbuttoned; and, if he wears one, his belt unbuckled. Should there be great shock to the system, or faintness, some brandy-about a tablespoonful, mixed with the same quantity of water-is to be given, not all at once, but by degrees, so as to avoid coughing or choking. For this purpose the patient's body is not to be lifted, but a hand is to be placed under the back of his head, which is thus to be slightly raised, but only sufficient to enable him to swallow. Should the faintness or shock continue, the same quantity may be repeated in t en minutes. The place of injury is next to be sought for, and the clothing removed from off it. Should there be no break of skin, but great pain complained of, if it is in the body, such Support as is at hand may be so placed with a view to relieve it. If it be in any of the limbs, and at the same time there is loss of power to move them, it is likely that a fracture 01' dislocation of some of the bones or joints may have taken place. The horizontal position must therefore be strictly maintained, and the injured parts kept as quiet as possible until the arrival of the surgeoll. Should, however, there be laceration or other wound of the soft parts, it is to be left exposed to the air, and should bleeding be taking place, the thumb of one of the bystanders is to be placed B

18 in the wounds over the points, as well as can be ascertained, from which the blood is coming, and firm pressure kept up until skilled assistance is procured. Should the thumb not be sufficient to control the bleeding, one 01' more of the fingers, 01' the thumbs of one or more persons, may be used in addition. When the wound fi'om which the bleeding is taking place is in any of the limbs, the limb should be raised above the level of the body, except in the case of fracture, when it had better be allowed to remain horizontal; as unskilled raising or lifting a fl'acturen limb would be very likely to increase the injury. Under no circumstances, however, is an injured limb to be allowed to hang down below the line of the body. N.B.-It is not recommended that the tourniquet be applied by anyone who has not knowledge of anatomy enough to know the course of the principal arteries; as this instrument applied un skilfully will do more harm than good. Bleeding.-Bleeding is of two kinds, arterial and venous, and may be distinguished the one from the other by that from an artery being of a bright red colour and spurting out in a jerking stream or jet-the size and force of which will of course depend on the size of the artery wounded. That from a vein is of a dark colour, and comes away in a stream without any jerk. Bu'rns and Scalds.-In the case of burns and scalds some lint is to be saturated with the carron oil, and immediately applied to the burnt or scalded surface, the greatest care being taken in removing the clothing that the injured surface is not exposed to the air, or any skin rubbed off or removed; also over the lint cotton wool is to be placed, so that the whole of the burnt or scalded surface may be covered by it, and the air, as much as possible, excluded. In carrying out the above instructions there is to be no hmry, excitement, or unnecessary talking, but everything is to be done quietly, gently, and in order.

DESCRIPTION OF THE "ST. JOHN" TWO··WHEELED LITTERS. in the comse of the war of 1864, between Germany and Denmark, the Prussian J ohanniter Orden (Knights of St. John) had some two-wheeled hand litters constructed at the EARLY

19 factory of the Messrs. Neuss, Government carriage builders at Berlin. These carriages were constantly employed in the service of the Prussian wounded throughout the war; but their practical advantages were particularly noticed at the time of the storming of the forts of Dappel. As this was the first occasion on which wheeled carriages, moved by hand labour, were systematically employed during the active op erations of warfare, a special interest is attached to them. N euss's conveyance has been patented, and so altered by the Order of St. John in England as to render it applicable for the requirements of the Police, and well adapted for the conveyance of the sick and injured in town and country. It has also been introduced by the Order into the mining and colliery districts, where it is highly approved of. It consists of a litter partly made of wood, canvas, and iron. The canvas is stretched between two side poles placed upon an iron frame from which the stretcher can be detached. This frame rests upon springs and two iron legs. The springs are supported on two wheels, on which, when the litter is in motion, the whole weight rests. The side poles are provided with handles at both ends. One man, on grasping two of the handles at either end, can wheel the machine, either by pushing it from behind, or by drawing it from the front. The wheels are constructed on a peculiar plan, with a view to obtain the greatest amount of strength with lightness: for each nave is of unusual length, and the spokes, twelve in number, radiating from it to the circumference are alternately inclined in opposite directions, so as to cross each other at very acute angles, and distribute support evenly from whatever side pressure may be principally exerted. Means are provided to support the litter firmly when at rest, and in the absence of an attendant. These means consist of a prop behind, and the two legs of the frame in £:ont. The front legs alone, in conjunction with the wheels, form a sufficiently stable support for the conveyance; the hinder prop, when let down and fixed with the side hook, renders the litter immoveable. The' litter, when resting on the wheels and legs, has an B 2

inclination given to it from the head downwards towards the feet, by which the ingress and egress of a patient is greatly facilitated. Considerable attention has been paid in the design of this litter to secure an easy and steady position for a patient while being transported in it. The patient does not lie in a completely horizontal posture; his head and back are somewhat raised, and inclined at an angle with the pelvis and thighs. The head of the patient rests upon a pillow covered with glazed cloth 01' leather; the back, pelvis, thighs, and legs upon a flexible support of painted sailcloth. There are two padded supports for the arms and elbows of the patient. A folding sailcloth hood is fixed to the upper end of the carriage, and can be drawn over the head and shoulders of the patient, so as to form a sun-shade or protection against rain, without interfering with the free access of air. A cover of sailcloth is also rolled up, and fastened by two straps at the foot of the litter. This covering, when ulli'olled, can be drawn up so as to lie lmder the upper edge of the expanded hood, and be fastened to the upper part of' it. By these means the patient, during transport, can be protected againE1t dust, or inclement weather, 011 every side. D nder the part which is made to support the head and shoulders of the patient there is a _wooden receptacle capable of ~alTying refreshments, bandages, or other parcels; or of receiving any articles belonging to the injured man who may have to be transported to the hospital. This receptacle has a wooden door, secured by a button. To facilitate the litter being carried up-stairs, into the wards of an hospital, or into the narrow alleys of a town, the stretcher js mad~ to be .easily detached from the iron frame. When so detached it is kept off the ground by four short iron legs, whic~ are fixed to the side poles at the head and foot. The arrangement for fixing or detaching the stretcher to or from the frame consists of three iron-hinged fixtures-one on either side, where the frame is fixed to the springs, and one on the centre of the foot-piece of the frame. These are made with a hole in each of them through which a button fixed into the side poles and the cross-piece of the foot of the stretcher is made to p8.SS, and on being turned fixes the stretcher firmly to the

frame. To detach the stretcher, the only thing required is to turn the buttons, pull outwards the hinged fixtures, and lift the stretcher. The stretcher drops into its place on the frame without difficulty; and to render this easy in the dark, or at night, white bands have been painted on the side poles, foot cross-piece, and on the fi'ame, on either side of the hinged fixtures. To restrain the violent, straps are fixed to the sides-one pair for the feet, one pair for the legs, one pair for tb e chest, and a pair on each of the iron side bars having a c81tain degree of movement to confine the wrists. The canvas floor of the stretcher is strengthened by bands of webbing, and is waterproofed by being painted with boiled oil and white paint. The legs of the frame are strengthened by u'on stays. The hinder prop, when the litter is in motion, is chavvn up and fixed by a strap and button to the head cross-piece of the stretcher. A smalllen'g th of rope, or leather strap, with an u'on ring at each end, may be usefully employed when, in going over rough ground, the litter has to be occasionally carried. The rope is then put over the shoulders, and the rings passed over the two hooks of the litter, thus relievingthe hands of part of the weight. It may be also used, if necessary, to assist in drawing the litter from the front. The weight of the litter complete, as thus described, is;Ibs.

Stretcher and frame together. • . . . . . . .. 149 Stretcher detached fi'om frame ........ 70!

*** All communications and enquiries respecting the '~St. John Two-wheeled Litter" should be addressed to-

ADDENDUM.

:MAJOR F. DUNOAN, R .A., Direct01' of Ambulance DepCt1·tment. or to

SIR EDMUND LEORMERE, BART., M.P., Sec1'eta1'Y of the OTde1' of St. John, St. John's Gate, Olerkenwell, London, E.O.

SOUTHAMPTON DOCK OOlUPANY, DOCK HOUSE, SOUTHAMPTON, 15th June, 1876.

The ambulances may be inspected at :Messrs. McNaught and Smith's, the Agents for the Order rJf St. John, 45, Park Lane, London, and at the Tything, Worcester. SURGIOAL EQUIPMENT FOR AN AMBULA.NOE. £ s. d. 0 2 6 1 lb. of lint 0 1 3 t lb. of cotton wool •• 0 o 10 1 lb. of surgeons' tow 0 1 6 3 unbleached calico rollers 0 1 6 3 Esmarh's triangular bandages 0 6 0 1 packet of pins 9 0 0 1 piece of broad tape 0 2 0 1 strong pair of scissors 0 1 0 t yd. of adhesive plaister, in tin case 0 5 0 1 screw tourniquet .. o 10 6 1 set of :Moffat's battle-field splints 0 0 0 1 bottle of carron oil, 20 ozs. Brandy, in a soda water bottle, covered with leather 0 0 0 Total

SIR, I have very great pleasure in stating that the ambulance litter, which we received through the instrumentality of the" Order of St. John of Jerusalem" in August last, has been of the greatest service in removing with great ease and comforL many very sick and injured persons from the ships frequenting the docks to the shore, and thence to the hospitals, hotels, and private residences, and even takilJg them to their bedsides. I

The ambulance litter is kept at the dock gates in charge of the police, and is always available.

N OTE.-Tbese requisites can, if desired, be sent with the ambulance at the above cost. The carron oil and brandy could be provided at the destination of the ambulance, to save risk of breakage.

I am, Sir, Yours faithfully, PHILIP HEDGER, (Signed)

The" ST. J OHN A:~rnuLANCE ASSOCIATION" Hamper, with Waterproof Oover and Strap, price, complete, Two Guineas, will be found a very useful adjunct to the Litter. It contains1 set lined splints. 1 field tourniquet. 2 sponges. 2 packets patent lint. 4 roller bandages. 4 triangular bandages.

1 knife. 1 pair scissnrs. Cotton wool in tin case. Marine lint in tin case. Patent plaister in tin case. Thread. needleR, pins, &c.

I consider the litter to be one of the best, and eminently adapted for use at these docks, and very far superior to any other we have used. I think, however, that the medical appliances which accompany it should be neatly arranged in a tin box, and I have had mine so fitted that it can be easily lifted out and placed on the gr01,illd for a surgeon's use-which is very desirable in cases of accident.

Secretary and Sup e1·intendent.

I ~

Sir E. A. H. Lechmere, Bart., Rhydd Oourt, Upton-on-Severn.

ORDER OF

ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM IN

ENGLAND.

DESCRIPTIVE HISTORY OF MEDALS AND GRANTS FOR SAVING LIFE ON LAND BY SPECIAL ACTS OF BRAVERY.

1fJrn Qltitritat~

~9.ominullt.

AWARDED BY THE

ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM IN ENGLAND. MOST of the Hospitaller and charitable work, with similar undertakings of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England during some years past, had its origin in suggestions COll-: tained in papers read by members or associates of the Order at the General Assembly on St. John's Day, or at other meetings of the Order. Thus was the recently-established system of ~'ewards for bravery in saving life on land first proposed in a paper read by Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., in 1869, at a meeting of the Hanley Oastle (vVorcestershire) Oommandery of the Order, and submitted in 1870 to the Chapter at St. John's Gate, Olerkenwell. Mter first enlarging upon the great boon to sufferers from accidents, which must be found in the establishment of an ambulance system in the mining and colliery districts, large towns, and the railway and other establishments of our country, and reviewing the great advantages which must follow as a means of diminishing the sufferings of injlU'ed persons during their conveyance from the scene of accident, the writer suggested that "another useful branch of such a work would be the recognition by the Order (in its capacity of a great 'Societe de Bienfaisance,' and of aid to the sick and wounded) of those who had distinguished themselves by acts of personal bravery and humanity on occasions of accident and danger. This might be done either by parchment testimonials, 01' by medals of bronze, and occasionally of silver. The Order of St. John would thus occupy the same position in reference to accidents on land as the Royal Humane Socieiy, the Royal National Life Boat Institution, and the Royal Shipwrecked Mariners' Society, do to those on the sea and on our coasts." 'rhe want of some system of rewards for acts of bravery upon land, and the supplying of this want, being apparently a work closely connected with the objects of the Order, steps

were at once taken to act upon the suggestion thus made, and to sectu'e the best means by which it might be practically adopted. It was known that an honorary reward might be obtained for saving life £:om drowning, and for gallant services in accident.s by fire, but it appeared that when casualties occur in our mining and colliery mstricts, and men expose their lives to the greatest risk to rescue their fellow creatures, no recognition from any public body could be obtained, because it was not within the scope of any existing society to reward such merit. And yet in Great Britain alone about a thousand colliers are killed every year by explosions and other accidents in coal mines, in addition to those who lose their lives in other mining operations. This number would be greatly increased if it were not for the bravery of those who, in almost every accident, gallantly vohmteer to risk their own lives for the rescue of th~ir unforhmate fellow-workmen in danger and distress. By thIS means many a valuable life has been saved, still to support those who must otherwise, as widows and fatherless children, have been dependant upon parochial or other charity. It is well known however that Englishmen, as a rule, do not act gallantly for the sake of reward, but in obemence to an instinct which seeks no return for a noble act beyond the conscientious feeling that they have done what is right and have performed their duty: still that these brave men should be unrecognised by any permanent mark of m~tinction, which, with honourable pride, they may bequeath to their children and grandchildren has not hitherto been creditable to the English nation; and from time to time the publi~ press has drawn attention to the subject, and urged the neceSSIty for something being done to remedy the defect. The suggestion of Sir Edmund Lechmere was entertained by the Order of St. John, and as the result of its consideration it was decided that a system of honorary rewards, by means of medals and certificates, should be established on a somewhat similar footing to those granted by the aboven:-e~tioned societies, but as these latter fully supply the recognItIOn for bravery shown on water, the Order of St. John, desirous not to encroach upon the work of any other public body, has therefore decided to limit its rewards solely to acts of bravery upon land (with the exception of rescne from fire ,

which is rewarded by the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire), especially those which are of so frequent occurrence in our mining and colliery districts. At the Chapter of the Order held on the 15th December, 1874, Sir Edmund Lechmere very practically seconded his suggestion by offering to present to the Order of St. John the dies for a suitable medal, and the design having been approved, the offer was gladly accepted; Messrs. Wyon, the well-known medallists, being entrusted with the execution of the work. The conditions upon which the Medals are granted are, that application must be made on a printed form, supplied for this purpose, on application to the Secretary of the Order, upon which the following particulars have to be entered: FORM No. 1. 1. Name, Address, Age, and Occupation or position of Applicant. 2. Name, Address, Age, and Occupation of person saved, 01' endeavoured to be saved. 3. Time of day, date, and place at which the accident occurred, with exact particulars of how the accident happened, and in what manner the person was reached. 4. The precise nature of the exmotions used and of the dange1' known or risk inclU'red by the Applicant. 5. \Nho was sent for; who came; what was then done; and what kind of treatm ent was adopted? 6. Has any reward been received from any public or private source whatever? This paper, to be accompanied by Certificates of one or more eye-witnesses, who should add their Profession or Trade, and Address after Signature, and state fully, in thei'l' own handw1'iting, the precise nahu'e of the Claimant's exertions, showing the actual risk he thereby incurred. The Statement of the witnesses must be cotmte'l'Signed by the nea'l'est Clergyman, or Magist1'ate,

0'1'

by thei1' Employe1's.

The application, with the above details, as nea1'ly as tlwy can be procu'I'ed, to be left at, or sent to, the CHANCERY OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM, ST. JOHN'S GATE, CLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.C., within a pe1'iocl of '1 h1'ee Months f 'r om the OCCtt'l'-

'renee of the event, provided the deed of gallantry in question shmtld have been pe'liO?'med in the United J{ingdom. It is requi1'ed that all the above questions sho'Ltld be answered as fnlly as possible.

survivors at the lamentable accident at the Albert Colliery, belonging to the Devonshire Silkstone Colliery Company, who, on the 6th of September, 1875, saved, at the imminent risk of their lives, six of their fellow-workmen suspended in a broken cage half way down the shaft of the coal pit. The presentation was made on the 18th of November, 1875, at the school-room~ Whittington Moor, by Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., on behalf of the Chapter, and the proceedings, which were reported at length in the local and other newspapers at the time, were of a most pleasing and interesting character. Since that date many similar meetings, as will be seen from the list appended, have been held, and though the extension, in the year 1876, of the Albert l\1edal, before restricted to acts of gallantry on water, as a reward for deeds of bravery in saving life on land, has now supplied a want which previously the Order of St. John alone had endeavoured to meet, yet it is felt that the latter's sphere of usefulness is in no way diminished by the new creation, since cases will often occur which will well merit distinction fronl the Chapter, but which are prevented receiving recognition from the Sovereign owing to the stringent regulations limiting the award of the Albert l\1edal. This paper would be incomplete if reference were not made to the honour bestowed by Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, herself a Dame Chevaliere of the Order, in personally decorating with the medal its most recent recipient, Captain G. Fred. Harris, of the 3rd Buffs, lmder the cu:cumstances detailed at page 34. Few incidents in the modern history of the English Langue have been more gratifying than the graceful and practical interest thus shown by one of the highest personages in the realm in this especial branch of the work of the Hospitaller Order; a work, moreover, so well calculated to aid in the development of those qualities for which the Anglo-Saxon race has been ever remarkable-heroism, powers of endurance, and self-denial-qu<1lities at all times prominently displayed in the Order, and never more so than when engaged in some enterprise which aimed at the fulfilment of that object so tersely expressed by the legend"P'l'O utilitate lwminum "-service in the cause of humanity, for the welfare, the happiness of men.

The applicant must also forward the statement of one more witnesses on Form No.2, as below :-.

OJ'

FORM No.2. INSTRUOTIONS TO WITNESS in the case of- - - - - - - - all Applicant for the REWARD OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN, whose Life was risked in rescuing or endeavouring to rescue __________ on the day of_ _ _ _ _ __ 188 In the Space below, be good enough to state in your own handwriting the precise nature of the Applicant's exertions, showing the actual danger he thereby incurred. The Statement must be cOlmtersigned by either the nearest Clergyman, or Magistrate, 01' by your Employer. STATEMENT OF WITNESS.

Signed) _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __

Name in jidl.

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Profession or 'Tr·ade. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Add1'ess. Date- - - - - -- -

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above - named vVitness, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has been known to me [01' has been in my employ] years, and I have every reason to believe that his statement is correct, and that he is a credible and respectable person. (Signed)

Name in full. ____________ Profession 01" Trade. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Add1'ess.

Date - - - - - - -

A copy of this paper (Form No.2), would be required for each witness. The first medals for bravery were awarded to two miners named Elijah Hallam and Frederick Vickers, the rescuers of th~

~EDAL

instituted by the Chapter, 1874, as a reward for deeds of gallantry in saving life on la/nd.

OBVERSE.

The Cross oj the O?·der. (Its points anciently symbolic oj the eight Beatitudes.)

REVERSE.

T1Le Badge oj the Ordm'. (The St. John's WO?'t, entwined with commemo?'ative ribbon.)

NAMES OF RECIPIENTS. ELIJAH HALLAM (Silve1'), FREDERICK VICKERS (Silve?') . For saving, at imminent risk of their lives, six fellow-workmen in great peril in the shaft of a coal-pit near Ohesterfield, September 6th, 1875. Presented by Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., at a public meeting at Whittington Moor, November 18th, 1875.

DEPUTY-COMMISSARY JOHN SMITH Y01JNG. Attached to the English Ambulance during the Siege of Paris (Silve1'). For saving the life of a wounded German soldier at the Bridge of Bezons on December lOth, 1870. Presented, March 17th, 1876, by Major-General II.S.H. Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, Commanding the Home District, at a parade of the Guards and Army Service Corps, II.R.H. the Field :Marshal Commanding - in - Chief granting permission for the Medal to be worn in uniform on the right breast. CONSTANT VAN HOYDONCK (SilVe1'), HENRI TROUSSELOT (Bronze). For marked courage and judgment, resulting in the saving of life and property, and the subsequent conviction of the murderers concerned in the mutiny on board the British ship LENNIE on the high seas, on October 31st, 1875. The Chapter regarding the ship as part of the Queen's dominion, awarded accordingly, and the medals were presented through the Duteh and the Belgian Ministers in June, 1876. GEORGE GATES (B1'onze). For saving, at much personal risk, voluntarily and unaided, two dying men from the New Road Sewer, Battersea, after a companion had already succumbed to the poisonous gases. August 9th, 1876. Presented publicly by the Local Authorities, on January 3rd, 1877. THUMAS ERRINGTON WALES, Her :Majesty's Inspector ()f Mines for South Wales (Silve?'), JOHN WILLIAM HOWELL (Silve1') , ISAAC PRIDE (Silver), WILLIAM BEITH (Silve?') , DANIEL THOMAS (Silver). For special service during the gallant and protracted efforts made for the rescue of the buried miners in the Tynewydd Colliery, Glamorganshire. Presented by Major F. Duncan, R. A., Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order, at Pontypridd, on August 4-th, 1877, in the presence of the Lord Lieutenant of the County) the Lord Mayor of London, and a very large and distinguished assembly. GEORGE PATMORE (B1 onze). For bravery in seizing, securing, and aiding in the destruction of a mad dog, which had previously bitten three men and several dogs. September 9th, 1877. Presented at the Hertford Borough Bessions, March 7th, 1878, by the Mayor of Hertford. o

34 STEPHEN LITTLE (B?'onze) , Constable, Metropolitan Police. For the gallant rescue of a lunatic from a position of great danger; on June 4th, 1878, Presented on Augu~t 2nd, 1878, by ilis Grace the Duke of Manchester, K.P., Lord Prior of the Order, at a special parade of the Metropolitan Police at the Wellington Barracks. ARTHUR n. STOKES (Assistant Inspector of Mines) (Sz'lve?') , CUARLES MALTBY (B1'onz-e), JOHN HANCOCK (B1'OTlZe), TliOlUAS DAVIS (Bronz e), JOIIN DAVIS (B1'onze). For remarkable constancy, courage, and daring, during the operations leading to the rescue of Dennis Bagshawe, buried for five days and nights without food in the Black Engine Mine, Eyam, July, 1879. Presented on behalf of the Order by John Furley, Esq., a Member of the Council, ,January 21st, 1880, at a public meeting at Sheffield. HENRY SPAVIN (B1·onze). For rescuing, at great personal danger, December 17th, 1879, from a small sewer at Silvertown, a fellow-workman, rendered insensible by poisonous gases. Presented by Sir Edward G. L. Perrott, Bart., March 9th, 1880, at n. meeting at the Town Hall, Stratford. GEORGE FREDERICK lliRRIS, Captain 3rd Foot, "The Buffs" (Save1'). For conspicuous gallantry in saving the lives of five persons from a fire in Charlemont Street, Dublin, September 19th, 1877, and in subsequently re .. moving, unaided, at still further risk, a quantity of paraffin oil, thereby preventing the fire from spreading to an adjacent Female Orphanage. Presented by H.RH. the Princess of Wales, a Dame ChevalieTe of the Order, July 24th, 1880, at the Vohmteer Camp, Wimbledon, H.RH. the Prince of vVales, H.RH. the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, the Secretary of State for War, and [L deputation from the Order being present. As in the case of Deputy-Commissary Young, permission has been granted for the Medal to be worn in lmiform on the right breast, in accordance with the Quoen's Regulations. Forms of application for the Medal and full particnlars can be obtained from the Secretary of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, August,1880.

ST. JOliN'S GATE, CLERKENWELL, LONDON.