First Aid Journal 1916 - 1917 by Museum of the Order of St John

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FIRST AID.

The Independent Journal tor the Ambulance and Nursing Services. Edited by A R T H U R No.

259. —

V o l.

X X II

JANUARY,

[N e w S e r ie s .]

Our

DALE.

1916

lJ/6 p ™ '®

« r . s w « « ' Hau.\

n ™ “ p“ C Free

pose of the Joint Committee, and of this ^,1,642,271 has

Readers.

been expended at home and in every theatre of war. “ F i r s t A id ” is p u b lis h e d on t h e 2 0 th o f e v e r y m o n th . T he A n n u a l Subscription is 2 s .

6 d . post free ; single copies 2d.

T h e E d ito r invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to am bulance w orkers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, Lo ndo n , E .C .

Wherever our Armies have gone, wherever our Allies have been in need of help and could be reached, the Red Cross has gone on its mission of mercy, with

willing workers

prepared to face all trials and dangers. The figures set out in the report which are published

A ll articles and reports must be accom panied by the name and address of the w riter, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the E d ito r.

in another column, will enable the reader to ascertain the principal heads

of expenditure, the greater part of the

money has naturally been spent abroad, the heaviest item

Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business com m unications connected w ith

should be addressed to the Publishers,

F ir s t A id

DALE,

REYN O LDS 46,

C annon

C O .,

being the cost of motor ambulances.

though one-half of the amount subscribed went to the

L t d .,

Street, L ondon,

general account, more than half a million sterling was

E .C .

specifically

L a st Year.

“ the

Transport

Wounded

motor ambulances, of which particular vehicles the Society have

year just closed,

directed

Fund ” ; in other words, to the purchase and upkeep of

ED ITO R IA L. T he

It is useful to note

the interest of the public in the allocation of the funds, for

with its hack-

897 at work.

management

The

expenses

Joint Committee

regard the

as eminently satisfactory.

They

ground of war, has presented ambulance

amount to i ’46 per cent, or 3^d. in the £ .

work in a totally different aspect to that

are extremely low, and are due, in a great measure, to the

in which we were formerly accustomed to view it. times gone by we have recorded

the work which was

accomplished by ambulance workers in civil life. have to do so under war conditions.

We now

These figures

voluntary service rendered in many ways.

In all the

report reflects what a vast work has been achieved, and it should ensure extended support to the Joint Committee

The noble work of

responsible for the organisation, and it should be a source

mercy which has been performed by the members of the

of gratification to the nation to be in possession of an

Red Cross and the Order of St. John during the past year

organisation that has won the admiration of the world.

is a record which the nation must feel proud of.

How

We now turn to the Record of the S.J.A.B., a body,

by the Red Cross and its

if we may say so, which has hidden its light under a bushel

sister Society, which must otherwise have been lost must

in the past inasmuch as the public have not realised the

necessarily

useful work it has done in peace times.

many lives have been saved

speculative.

But

needs no

special

The last official

imagination and no particular knowledge of events of the

figures

last sixteen months to obtain some idea of the invaluable

members of the Brigade are serving their country in the

work performed in this direction.

which

are

hand

show

that

R .A .M .C. or the Naval Sick Berth Reserve.

over

20,000

These men

It is not without justifiable pride that the Joint War

for many years past have trained to become efficient for

Committee of the British Red Cross and the Order of

the work which they are now doing, and they are carrying

St. John have issued the report for the year’s operation to

it out in a manner which can only be spoken of in the

the 20th of October.

Rarely can it have chanced that a

highest terms of commendation, and as being worthy of

statement of accounts has brought such a consolation to

the tradition of the Brigade.

the nation as is imparted by the study of the return of

that the work will go on while the war lasts, and that we

income and expenditure of the Joint War Committee-

may confidently expect that when we address our readers

It is almost needless to add

Their budget is truly a collossal one, no less a sum than

this time next year it will be one of realised assurance—

; £ i , 864,036 has been provided by the public for the pur

the word of success achieved or assured.

— FIRST

122

tJhe Srand ?riorg of the 6rder o{ the Kospital o{ St. John of Jerusalem in Sngland. AM BULANCE

Jhe

St.

DUTY

N o. 1 D is tr ic t. A ctin g

deputy

com m ission er

DEPARTM EN T.

John J\mbulance Brigade.

ROSTER. ------

W IN N Y . FEBRU A RY,

1916.

S u n d a y D u t y , S t. P a u l’s C a t h e d ra l. Sunday, „ „ „

6 th .— N o . 5 D iv is io n , C h ild r e n ’s H o m e . 1 3 t h .— N o . 7 „ T o y n b e e H a ll. 2 0 th .— N o . 44 „ W est London. 2 7 t h .— N o . 7 0 „ R o y a l B o ro u g h o f K e n s in g t o n .

2 .3 0 p .m . to 6 p .m . S t. T o h n ’s G a te , 2 p .m . E X A M IN A T IO N

FO R

A s p e r s e p a ra te o rd e rs .

M E D A L L IO N ,

LABEL,

Key &C.

M e m b e r s o f th e B r ig a d e , in a c c o r d a n c e w ith the m e m o r a n d u m is s u e d b y tb e S t . J o h n A m b u la n c e A s s o c ia t io n d a te d 21 st O c to b e r, 19 1 5 , w ill n o t o n ly be e x c u s e d the a n n u a l r e e x a m in a tio n fo r B r ig a d e , b u t, o n a p p lic a t io n , in a c c o rd a n c e w ith B .O . 2 83, w ill be g ra n te d t h e ir m e d a llio n , la b e l, etc., if tb e q u a lif y in g p e rio d h a s b e e n p a ss e d a n d a n e x a m in a tio n p a ss e d w it h in tw e lv e m o n th s o f th e o u t b r e a k o f w a r. T h i s p riv ile g e is a ls o e x te n d e d to m e m b e rs o f N u r s in g D iv is io n s w h o a re g iv in g t h e ir w h o le tim e to w o rk in h o s p it a ls o r in s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk c o n n e c te d w ith o n e o f the d e p a rtm e n ts of th e O rd e r. ANNUAL

IN S P E C T IO N S .

F o r v a r io u s re a s o n s it h a s n o t b e e n p o s s ib le to in s p e c t c e r t a in A m b u la n c e D iv is io n s o f th e P r in c e o f W a le s ’s C o rp s . T h e s e D iv is io n s w ill b e e x c u s e d fo r th e y e a r 19 1 4 -1 5 , b u t s h o u ld h o ld t h e m s e lv e s in r e a d in e s s to b e in s p e c te d d u r in g th e c u rr e n t y e a r. STO RES ON LO AN . D iv is io n s w h ic h h a v e s to re s o n lo a n fro m h e a d q u a r t e rs s h o u ld fo r w a r d a r e tu r n n o t la t e r th a n 2 9th F e b r u a r y to the In s p e c t o r o f S to re s , g iv in g f u ll p a r t ic u la r s . R E G IS T E R E D

NUM BERS.

A l l c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d fo rm s r e fe rr in g to r a n k a n d file s h o u ld b e a r th e r e g is t e re d n u m b e r o f th e m e m b e rs fo r r e fe r e n ce . TEM PO RARY

A P P O IN T M E N T S .

S e r g t . J . J . C h a s e a n d S e rg t. E . J a c k s o n , o f St. M a r k ’s D iv is io n , h a v e b e e n a p p o in te d A c t in g A m b u la n c e O ffic e rs to d a te fro m 1 7 th D e c e m b e r , 19 1 5 , a n d a ls o P r iv a t e W . T r a c e y , o f W a lt h a m s t o w D iv is io n , to d a te fro m 15th D e c e m b e r, 1915. A IR

R A ID

DUTY.

T h e A c t in g D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r w ill be o b lig e d if O ffic e rs in c h a r g e o f D iv is io n s w ill se n d in as q u ic k ly a s p o s s ib le r e v is e d lis t s o f the n a m e s o f m e n a v a ila b le fo r A i r R a id d u ty , a s, o w in g to e n lis tm e n t, e tc., th e o r ig in a l lis ts r e q u ir e m o d ific a tio n . ANNUAL

RETURNS.

T h e is s u e o f th e a n n u a l B r ig a d e re p o rt is b e in g d e la y e d o w in g to a n n u a l re tu r n s b y D iv is io n s u p to 30 th S e p te m b e r, 19 15, n o t b e in g s e n t in p ro m p tly . T h e s e m u s t be s e n t in at o n c e o r a re a s o n g iv e n fo r th e d e la y . (S ig n e d )

W . H . W IN N Y ,

A c t in g D ep u ty -C om m ission er. H e a d q u a r t e r s :— St. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E . C . N o . 44 ( W e s t L o n d o n ) D i v i s i o n . — A n e v e n in g c o n c e rt w ill b e h e ld o n J a n u a r y 2 5th at th e C h u r c h f ie ld H a l l A c t o n ,

AI D. —

January, 191 6.

in a id o f the u n ifo rm a n d e q u ip m e n t fu n d o f the D iv is io n . D u r in g th e e v e n in g a w a rd s o f c e rtific a te s , etc., w ill be p re s e n te d b y A c t in g D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r W . H . W in n y . A n e x c e lle n t p ro g ra m m e h a s b e e n p ro v id e d a n d a g o o d a tte n d a n c e is a n t ic ip a t e d . A d m is s io n 2s., is . & 6d. T ic k e t s c a n be o b ta in e d fro m C o r p l. C . H . F a r is , 18, D e rw e n t- r o a d , E a li n g , W . N o . 3 7 ( G . W . R . ) D i v i s i o n . — M r . A lf r e d E . E v a n s , w h o is F ir s t A m b u la n c e O ffic e r N o . 3 7 ( G . W . R . ) D iv is io n , w as, o n th e 6 th u lt., m a d e th e r e c ip ie n t o f th e lo n g s e r v ic e m e d a l at th e h a n d s o f L a d y M a u d W ib r a h a m at St. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, in re s p e c t o f 15 y e a r s ’ s e r v ic e in the b rig a d e . M r. E v a n s ' is a v e te ra n w o rk e r in th e a m b u la n c e c a u s e , a n d h a s b e e n a m e m b e r o f th e S t. J o h n A m b u % la n c e A s s o c ia t io n fo r u p w a rd s o f fro m 20 y e a rs . H e is a n H o n o r a r y S e r v in g b ro th e r o f th e O r d e r o f St. J o h n o f J n r u s a le m in E n g la n d . M r . E v a n s is a ls o D is t r ic t A d ju t a n t N o . 1 V .A .D . , L o n d o n , A l f r e d F. E v a n s . B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie ty . W e a re in d e b te d to th e G rea t W estern R a ilw a y M a g a z in e o r the lo a n o f p h o to b lo c k .

N o. 2 D is tr ic t. O v e r fifty O r d e r lie s h a v e b e e n p o ste d fo r d u t y d u r in g the m o n th o f D e c e m b e r. T h e y w e re s e n t to the fo llo w in g p la c e s :— S o u th a m p to n D o c k s , H e r n e B a y , K e n t , D a r t fo r d , B a n g o r , S w a n a g e , C a n t e r b u r y a n d W in c h e s t e r. T h e n u m b e r o f O r d e r lie s n o w o n s e rv ic e fro m t h is d is t r ic t is w e ll o v e r 1,300.

N o. 4

D is tr ic t.

T h e fo llo w in g w a s is s u e d fro m the N o . 4 D is t r ic t : — I am a s k in g M r . W o o d c o c k to is s u e th is m e ss a g e a s a d is t r ic t o rd e r, so th a t I m a y h a v e th e p le a s u re o f w is h in g a ll the m e m b e rs o f m y staff, c o rp s , a n d d iv is io n a l s u rg e o n s , c o rp s a n d d iv is io n a l s u p e rin te n d e n ts , n u r s in g s u p e rin t e n d e n ts , a m b u la n c e o ffic e rs , n u r s in g o ffic e rs, a n d o th e r r a n k s a v e r y h a p p y C h ris t m a s , a n d m a y th e N e w Y e a r b r in g u s a n e a r ly pe a ce . I se n d th is g re e tin g w ith th e m o st g ra te fu l a n d s in c e re f e e lin g s , b e in g c o g n is a n t o f th e g re a t w o rk p e rfo rm e d b y the S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e in N o . 4 D is t r ic t , a w o rk w h ic h d e v o te d m e n a n d w o m e n h a v e la b o u re d at, h a v in g o n ly th e c o n s c io u s n e s s th a t th e y a re c a r r y in g o u t a n a t io n a l a n d C h r is t ia n - lik e e ffo rt a s t h e ir re w a rd . H a v e th e se p a trio t s s u c c e e d e d ? I s a y y e s, ten th o u s a n d tim e s o v e r. S o m e e ig h t t h o u s a n d m e n o f th e B r ig a d e fro m N o . 4 D is t r ic t a re n o w s e r v in g t h e ir K in g a n d c o u n t r y in the tre n c h e s , o n b a tt le s h ip s , a n d b a ttle c r u is e r s in S o u t h e rn a n d E a s t e r n E u r o p e , a n d E g y p t ; in fa ct, w h e re v e r th e B r it is h s o ld ie rs o r s a ilo r s a re u p h o ld in g the E m p ir e ’s fla g , th e re y o u fin d th e m e n o f St. J o h n out to s u c c o u r th e s ic k a n d w o u n d e d , r e a d y to g iv e t h e ir liv e s in c a r r y in g o n t h e ir h u m a n e w o rk , w h ils t w a v in g a lo ft th e fla g s o f E n g la n d a n d th e a n c ie n t O r d e r o f St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m . O u r n u r s in g s is te r s a re e q u a lly s u s t a in in g w ith lo y a lt y a n d p a trio t is m a n d C h r is t ia n s a c rific e o f o u r d e a r o ld O r d e r ' T h e y , lik e th e m e n , a re u b iq u it o u s . T h e r e liv e s a re n o th in g to th e m w h ils t th e y k n o w t h e ir s e r v ic e s a re r e q u ir e d a s a n a u x ilia r y h e lp to th e t ra in e d s is te r s ; a n d , a s a la s t e x a m p le o f w h a t o u r O r d e r h a s d o n e , I a s k th o se w h o d e s ire to b e in t e r e ste d to c a s t t h e ir e y e s a c r o s s to F r a n c e , a n d , i f ra n g e o f v is io n c o u ld p e rm it, th e y w o u ld see the fin e st h o s p ita l in F r a n c e o p e ra tin g u n d e r th e tim e -h o n o u re d C ro s s o f St. J o h n . Y o u h a v e a ll h e lp e d in th is g re a t w o rk , a n d w e fee l a jo y at h a v in g th e p r iv ile g e o f h e lp in g o u r w o u n d e d s o ld ie r s a n d s a ilo rs .

January, 1916.

— F I R S T

W h e n the h is t o r y o f th is g re a t w a r c o m e s to be w ritte n , the q u ie t C h r is t ia n - lik e , u n o s te n ta tio u s w o rk o f th e O r d e r o f St. J o h n o f Je r u s a le m in E n g la n d w ill s ta n d o ut d is t in c t a n d s h a r p a s a n e x a m p le o f the b e st ty p e o f c u lt u r e d c h iv a lr y . T o m y d e a r frie n d s in N o . 4 D is t r ic t I s e n d a m o st c o r d ia l C h r is t m a s g re e tin g :— M a y th e s e a so n be jo y o u s a n d h a p p y , a n d m a y n o tro u b le o r s o rro w a p p ro a c h a n y o f yo u . K e e p th e fla g f ly in g .— C h a r l e s J . T r i m b l e , M a jo r , R . A . M . C . , D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r , N o . 4 D is t r ic t S .J .A .B .

N o. 5 D is t r ic t . N o t t i n g h a m . — O n D e c e m b e r 1 7 th a b o u t 100 m e m b e rs o f th e N o t tin g h a m C o r p s o f the B r ig a d e a s s e m b le d to b id f a r e w e ll to 21 o f th e ir c o m ra d e s w h o w e re p ro c e e d in g o n a c t iv e s e rv ic e . T h e N o t tin g h a m C o r p s h a s n o w s e n t 141 m e n to s e rv e e ith e r in H o m e H o s p it a ls o r a b ro a d . A m b u la n c e O ffic e r L . S u lliv a n , n o w in th e r a n k s o f the R . A . M . C . , a n d th e m e n , r e c e iv e d g ifts o f c ig a re t te s a n d to b a c c o fro m t h e ir c o m ra d e s as a s lig h t to k e n o f t h e ir re g a rd a n d g o o d w ish e s. T h e re c e n t a p p o in tm e n t o f S e rg t. W . P a r k in s o n to be A m b u la n c e O ffic e r h a s b e e n a g re a t c a u s e o f p le a s u re to a ll m e m b e rs, fo r h is ta c t a n d k in d n e s s , c o u p le d w ith a b ilit y as an in s t ru c t o r h a v e re n d e re d h im d e s e rv e d ly p o p u la r.

I23

AID. —

fre y H a r v e y , D iv is io n a l S u r g e o n to W . & R . J a c o b & C o .’s D iv is io n , D u b lin . A n I r i s h W a r H o s p it a l S u p p ly D e p o t h a s b e e n s ta rte d u n d e r th e a u s p ic e s o f th e S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e a n d th e B r it is h R e d C r o s s S o c ie t y , a t 4, M e r r io n - s q u a r e , D u b lin . T h e P r e s id e n t o f th e J o in t C o m m itt e e is th e M a r c h io n e s s o f W a t e r f o r d , L a d y S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f P o r t la w N u r s in g D iv is io n , w h ile M r s . D a lla s P ra t t , w ife o f D r . D a lla s P r a t t , w h o fo r so m a n y y e a r s a c te d a s H o n . S e c r e t a r y to the D u b lin C e n t r e o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e A s s o c ia t io n , h a s d o n e a n e n o rm o u s a m o u n t o f w o rk a s o n e o f th e c h ie f o r g a n is e r s , a n d is a ls o a c t in g a s H o n . S e c re ta ry . T h e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r a n d M r s . L u m s d e n a re a ls o a m o n g s t th e m o st p r a c t ic a l m e m b e rs o f the C o m m itte e . L a d y S u p t. M is s B e r t ie B r u c e is H e a d In s t r u c t r e s s , M is s O v e re n d is h e a d o f th e S to re s D e p a r t m e n t , w h ile a lm o s t e v e ry

N o 8 D is t r ic t . M a i d s t o n e . — T h e firs t a n n u a l m e e tin g o f th e D iv is io n w a s h e ld la s t m o n th , o v e r w h ic h th e M a y o r o f M a id s to n e p r e s id e d . S u p t. H a w k e s , in p re s e n t in g h is a n n u a l re p o rt, sa id “ T h e D iv is io n w a s fo rm e d in A p r i l la s t y e a r. T h e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r, D r . C o tto n , a n d S e rg e a n ts J . T . P ic k a r d a n d W . J . B e e c h e r, h a v e a c t iv e ly a s s is te d in the fo rm a tio n o f the D iv is io n , a n d a re s t ill w o r k in g m o st e n e r g e t ic a lly to m a k e it a g re a t s u c c e s s . P r a is e is a ls o d u e to the la n c e -c o r p o r a ls a n d p riv a t e s fo r th e in te re s t th e y h a v e d is p la y e d , as e v in c e d b y th e ir r e g u la r a tte n d a n c e at d r ills a n d le c tu re s , a n d the ze a lo u s m a n n e r in w h ic h th e y h a v e p e rfo rm e d th e v a r io u s d u tie s th e y w ere c a lle d u p o n to c a r r y out. D r . T r a v e r s w a s a p p o in te d D iv is io n a l S u rg e o n , a n d h is s e rv ic e s h a v e be en o f th e u tm o st v a lu e a n d a s o u rc e o f e n c o u ra g e m e n t to the m e n , w h o h a v e lis te n e d to h is le c tu re s w ith g re a t in te re st. “ T h e s tre n g th o f the D iv is io n at the p re se n t tim e is 48, a lth o u g h s e v e ra l o f the B r ig a d e m e m b e rs h a v e re s ig n e d to jo in H i s M a je s t y ’s N a v a l a n d M ilit a r y F o r c e s , a n d we h a v e a ls o 20 m en in t r a in in g w h o a re n o t ye t e n ro lle d in th e D iv is io n . “ T h a n k s to th e g e n e ro s it y o f th e p u b lic the to w n h a s been e q u ip p e d w ith th re e a m b u la n c e s ta tio n s , b e s id e s s e v e ra l s tre tc h e r d e p o ts, w h ic h a ls o c o n ta in a g o o d s u p p ly o f firs t a id re q u is ite s . T e le p h o n ic a rra n g e m e n t s h a v e b e e n m a d e, w ith the c o n se n t o f th e C h ie f C o n s ta b le , fo r th e p o lic e to c a ll out the D iv is io n in the e v e n t o f a n a c c id e n t, a n d a ls o to a s s is t in the c a s e o f a n a ir ra id . S e rg t. B e e c h e r, a s tre a s u re r, s u b m itte d th e b a la n c e -s h e e t, s h o w in g b a la n c e to c a r r y f o rw a rd £ 9 12s. A ft e r the a d o p tio n o f th e re p o rt a n d a c c o u n ts , the D e p u t y M a y o r g a v e h is p r e s id e n t ia l a d d re s s , c o v e r in g so m e o f the p h a s e s o f the re p o rt a n d t e s tify in g to th e v a lu e o f the D iv is io n A n u r s e r y D iv is io n w ill s h o r t ly be fo rm e d u n d e r the s u p e r v is io n o f D r . L o b b a n d M r s . B la c k e t t, w h o w ill be re c o m m e n d e d fo r L a d y S u p e r in te n d e n t ; 20 n a m e s h a v e a lr e a d y b e e n g iv e n in o f th o se h o ld in g c e rtific a te s b o th fo r first a id a n d n u r s in g ; th is a ls o is lik e ly to b e a g re a t s u c c e s s .

N o. 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t . T h e I r i s h D is t r ic t is t e m p o r a rily lo s in g th e s e rv ic e s o f its p o p u la r D is t r ic t S u p e rin te n d e n t , D r S e to n P r in g le , F . R . C . S . I . , w h o is g o in g to F r a n c e a s s u rg e o n to the “ B r it is h U r g e n c y C a s e s H o s p it a l.” D r . P r in g le , w h o is a w e ll- k n o w n D u b lin s u rg e o n , is a tta c h e d to M e r c e r ’s a n d D r u m c o n d r a H o s p it a ls in th a t c ity , a n d h a s b e e n D is t r ic t S u p t. o f N o . 12 D is t r ic t s in c e its fo r m a tio n . T h e “ B r it is h U r g e n c y C a s e s H o s p it a l” h a s a ls o o n its s ta ff a n o t h e r B r ig a d e o ffic e r fro m the s a m e d is t r ic t — D r . G e o -

S eaton P r in g l e -

N u r s in g D iv is io n in th e C o u n t y D u b lin C o r p s is re p r e s e n te d in th e w o rk ro o m s . T h e A m b u la n c e D iv is io n s a re re p re s e n te d b y S u p e r in t e n d e n t R . Iv e a tin g e , w h o se p r a c t ic a l a n d s o u n d a d v ic e h a s b e e n o f th e g re a te s t a s s is ta n c e , a n d n o o n e d e s e rv e s m o re c r e d it fo r h is u n t ir in g e n e rg y . A lr e a d y s e v e ra l la r g e c o n s ig n m e n ts o f b a n d a g e s , s u r g ic a l d r e s s in g s , e tc. h a v e b e e n d e s p a t c h e d to F r a n c e a n d th e M e d it e r r a n e a n . T h e R o y a l C o lle g e o f S c ie n c e V . A . D . h a s s ta rte d a s u b d e p o t in th e a d v a n c e d B a c t e r io lo g ic a l L a b o r a t o r y in th e C o l le g e o f S c ie n c e , a n d it is c o n fin in g its a tte n tio n e n t ir e ly to th e u se s o f S p h a g n u m m o ss a n d it s s t e r ilis a t io n , a n d h a v e m a d e m a n y u s e fu l in v e s t ig a t io n s on t h is lit tle k n o w n s u b je c t. D u b l i n . — L a s t m o n th C o r p s S e c r e t a ry J. T h o m p s o n , w ho is le a v in g D u b lin w a s th e r e c ip ie n t o f a p re s e n t a t io n b y the m e m b e rs o f th e 12th C o m p a n y , C it y o f D u b lin D iv is io n . O v e r fifty m e m b e rs a tte n d e d , a n d D r . P u g in M e ld o n , D iv is io n a l S u rg e o n , w h o p re s id e d , to g e th e r w ith M e s s r s . H o m a n , W e in s to c k , a n d I le y , re fe rre d to th e m a n y e x c e lle n t q u a lit ie s o f the g u e st o f the e v e n in g . M r . T h o m p s o n h a s p r a c t ic a lly b e e n th e p io n e e r o f a m b u la n c e w o r k in D u b lin a n d d is t r ic t . F o r ten y e a rs h e h a s b e e n S u p e rin te n d e n t o f th e C it y o f D u b lin D i v i s io n , w h ic h w a s th e firs t o p e n d iv is io n in D u b lin , a n d w h ic h w a s fo rm e d in D e c e m b e r , 1905, as th e o u tc o m e o f th e B u r g h q u a y s e w e r d is a s t e r. H e h a s a lw a y s b e e n z e a lo u s in its in te re s ts , a n d th r o u g h h is c a p a b le in s t ru c t io n th e d iv is io n team t h is y e a r c a r r ie d off, in o p e n c o m p e t it io n , th e c u p o ffe re d b y L o r d Iv e a h . S in c e th e w a r b r o k e o ut h e h a s d o n e y e o m a n s e r v ic e in e n a b lin g la r g e n u m b e r s to q u a lif y fo r h o s p it a l s e r

— FIRST

124

v ic e , b o th at h o m e a n d a b ro a d , a n d m a n y o ld m e m b e rs o f the d iv is io n a re n o w s e rv in g t h e ir c o u n t ry . T h e p re s e n t a t io n to o k th e fo rm o f a v a lu a b le g o ld w a tch , s u it a b ly e n g ra v e d , a n d g o ld c h a in , a n d M r . T h o m p s o n , in a c k n o w le d g in g th e sa m e , s p o k e o f h o w m u c h the s e v e ra n c e fro m th e d iv is io n m e a n t to h im , a n d e x p re s s e d th e h o p e th a t the o ffic e rs a n d m en w o u ld c o n tin u e to c a r r y o n a n d m a in ta in the d iv is io n in its p re se n t h ig h s ta te o f e ffic ie n c y . A v e r y e n jo y a b le m u s ic a l p ro g ra m m e w a s re n d e re d d u r in g the e v e n in g .

AID. -

I In te m b e r th e St. he w as

th e R o le o f H o n o u r w h ic h w a s p u b lis h e d in o u r S e p is s u e o f la s t y e a r w e sta te d th a t P te . W h a rt o n w a s o f J a m e s ’ G a te D iv is io n . W e re g re t th is w a s a n e r ro r , as a tta c h e d to th e C it y o f D u b lin D iv is io n .

J an ua i y,

1916.

particularly necessary when progress seems to cease. A m usem ent becomes essential to relieve the weariness of recovery. Anything which occupies brain aud hands , e.g., a puzzle, will be most acceptable. R e s t , apart from Sleep, either during morning or afternoon, will be welcome to the patient and beneficial to Nature’s efforts at recovery. I n f e c t i o n , and the danger of Complications — e.g., in Typhoid and Scarlet Fevers— may still exist and must be carefully guarded against. E x e r c i s e , properly carried out, will still further assist by giving play to the muscles. It must, however, be graduated, and stop short o f

fatigue.

Aids By

Home = Nursing.*

CORBET B.C.,

FLETCHER,

Cantab.,

B.A.,

MB,

D E T A IL S

V I I — CARE

1.— E X T E R N A L

N U R S I N G — (Continued)

(i.)

PA TIE NTS.

One Nurse— Arm behind patient’s shoulder and at nape of neck, crossing over towards small of back. Support head, neck and spine. Two Nurses— Stand either side, hands inter twined or fingers bent and interlocked. Support shoulders and hips. (2) Improvised Hammocks. (a) Blanket rolled beneath lower sheet. Roll completed and kept open with transverse supports, e.g.. two sticks. (ft) Poles rolled in length of lower sheet and blanket. (3) Improvised Chair-bed. If second couch not available— improvise with three or four straight-backed chairs, seats of which are towards bed. Level with blankets. (4) Improvised B ed rests and Cradles. Inverted chair; pillow placed beneath knees. Cradles (three-legged stool, bandbox, child’s hoop) remove weight of clothes, especially for fractures, burns, and operation wounds.

D u rin g

CONVALESCENT

C o n v a le sce n ce ,

R u le s

P A TIE N T S. are

VAR IED .

During convalescence the Nurse must still adhere to the General Rules and be consistent in her care of the patient. Some variation, however, is introduced by the change of circumstances. V

V a rie ty

will

A PPLICA TIO N

HEAT.

(2) I n d i c a t i o n s .

in diet, surroundings, a n d in occupation all t e n d to h a s t e n r e c o v e r y , a n d is

* These papers are selected from D r. C orbet F le tc h e r’s Aids to Home-Nursing, w hich is published by M essrs. Bale, Sons & D anielsso n, 83-91, G reat Titch field -street, L o n d o n , W ., and is now on sale, price 6d. net.

P a in — especially when due to inflammation.

(ii.) Inflammation — whether Acute (Leading Signs:— Pain, Redness, Swelling) or Chronic; whether Superficial ( e g , skin) Deep (e.g., Pleurisy).

(1) L ifting , raising , 6rc.

IX .— C A R E

R E M E D IE S .

(1) A c t i o n . — Heat causes increased flow of blood to part and diminishes any local congestion which is present. In fact, it either disperses inflammation or hastens the formation of matter (pus).

HELPLESS

LOCAL

(/)

( Continued from page 1 1 0 .) (ft)

The clothing must be warm and com fortable, and should aim at keeping the whole body at a uniform temperature.

D ress.

M.R.C.S.

Author of A Compendium of Aids to First Aid, &c. No.

(iii.) Wound-poisoning. ( 3 ) E s s e n t i a l s . — (i.)

Warmth, (ii.) Moisture, and (iii)— especially for open wounds— Antisepsis.

(4) A p p l i c a t i o n . — The

three outstanding Application are :—

(i.)

H ave patient and starting.

rules

appliances ready before

(ii.) M ake poultice or fomentation on the spot. (iii.) Take steps to keep appliances hot throughout. (5) V a r i e t i e s . — D r y — scorched

flannels, bottles, &c. M oist — poultices, fomentations.

A .— P

o u ltice s

hot-water

(1) E s s e n t i a l s . — Thickness— |-inch, retains heat not oppressive to part.

Edges — protected by covering, neat, retains heat.

Covering — two layers lint or flannel, cotton wool and waterproof.

Intervening m uslin — inadvisable because it produces moisture, conducts away heat; soils sheets. (2) V a r i e t i e s . — Bread, Linseed, Mustard, Linseed and Mustard, Charcoal.

Mixed

(3) A p p l i c a t i o n . — Success in preparation is proven by the Spoon Test (spoon stands erect in mass) and Clean-Bowl (sides of bowl clean when mass turned out) Tests. All poultices

January.

—

1916.

F I R S T

(except Mustard) are made with boiling water and applied directly to the skin. B.— F o m e nt a ti o ns . (1)

The

Red Cross

B udget.

t h r e e la y e r s o f

Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem

Covering — cotton wool or flannel, and water

for the year ending October 20th, 1915 which was issued at the latter part of last month, is an imposing document of

or flannel. proof (j iconette). (2) V a r i e t i e s — P la in — lint, flannel for relief of pain.

Medicated — e.g ,

Boracic as A n tisep ic; Poppy Capsules as Sedative ; Turpentine as Counter-irritant.

(3) A p p l i c a t i o n . — Fomentations are lighter, cleaner,

less painful and more simple in preparation.

Success depends on the maximum heat being combined with the minimum moisture. All fomentations must be thoroughly wrung out — preferably between two sticks. II — L E E C H E S . (1) A c t i o n — Application of leeches results in local withdrawal of blood (i£ teaspoonfuls per leech) and consequent relief of congestion of part affected. (2) I n d i c a t i o n s . — (i.) P a in

and (ii.) Acute Inflam

mation. ssen tials

— H o t fom en ta tion s

m ay be ordered

to follow removal of leech and to augment its effects. Boracic lint ( Antiseptic) is most serviceable. (4) A

125

T h e Report of the Joint Finance Committee of the British

E s s e n t i a l s . — Thickness — t w o

(3) E

A I D . —

pplicatio n .

(i.)

Choice

o f Site. — position on necessary, be ing, e g., over

(ii )

Preparation

When possible, select a which pressure may, if applied to control bleed bone.

o f Site. — Clean with warm water. Do not use soap. Warm milk and sugar solutions encourage leech to bite.

(lii ) Removal o f Leech.— Leech drops off when surfeited with blood, but may be re moved by application of salt. Do 7iot pull leech away lest teeth remain and cause inflammation, ulceration, and gangrene. Treat leech-bites as wounds with antiseptic precautions. (iv.) Control o f Bleeding.— Spontaneous arrest of bleeding usually occurs. The wound, however, may require pressure with fineer, with compress, with graduated compress, or with needle and thread.

(T o be continued.)

In an address before the Paris Surgical Society recently, Professor Tuffier said that of the 14,000 surgeons in the Army, 6,5 0 0 were at the front. Of these 93 had been killed, 26 0 wounded and 4 4 1 missing; 1 3 5 had been menlioned in orders for gallant conduct on the battlefield.

W h e n co rr e s p o n d in g w it h A d v e r t is e r s p le a se m en tio n “ F ir s t Aid ”

ninety pages, and one of the most interesting publications which the war has produced. T he Red Cross and St. John Societies were working separately until October 20th, 1914, when they agreed to combine forces, with the result that they have since worked hand in hand under a Joint War Committee. A glance at the following figures will give some idea of the work of the Committee during the year :— Total income for the year... Total expenditure for the year ... Total management expenses at home and in every theatre of war, excluding hospitals

.£1,864,036 1,642,271

o o

7 3 , 3 io 12

............. ^463,455 Hospital stores and comforts handled ..............................................2'96 per cent. Cost of handling Spent in France and Flanders (not including motor ambulances) ................................... £,293,509 Spent in Malta and Near East (mainly for Gallipoli)........................................................ £'194,812 Spent in Serbia and Montenegro ... ... ... £43,846 Spent on “ transport of wounded (mainly motor ambulances) ................................... £615,963 Number of motor ambulances, cars, kitchens, etc., at w o r k ........................................................ 1,301 Spent on hospital trains ................................... £48,097 Spent on maintenance of British RedCross Hospital, Netley ................................... £69,758 Spent on St. John Brigade Hospital, Etaples ... £42,818 Spent on King George Hospital, Stamford-street, L o n d o n ........................................................ £ 49,1 53 Spent on Calais Enteric Hospital........................ £17,643 Spent on hospitals and convalescent homes in Egypt ........................................................ £25,604 Spent on Australian Forces in Egypt ....... £21,054 Besides the heavy cost of the great hospitals estab lished by the Societies in London, Netley and Etaples, contributions have been made towards the care of blinded and crippled soldiers and sailors, while other sums have been used for the Base Hospital, Nairobi, the Cameroons Field Hospital, the wounded in the North-Eastern Rhodesian Field Force, the Anglo-Russian Hospital, and others. A schedule appended to the accounts shows that on October 20th the Societies had 897 motor ambulances at work, making together with the lorries and repair wagons for such a fleet, the touting cars, motor-cycks, and so on, which work in conjunction with them, no fewer than 1,301 vehicles. Complementary to the motor ambulance are are the hospital trains, and for this purpose 37,995 was con tributed. The system of enabling individuals to endow hospital beds, a ward, or a hut was, doubtless, mainly responsible for the handsome sums subscribed towards the British Red Cross Hospital at Netky, the St. John Ambu lance Brigade Hospital at Etaples, and the King George Hospital, Stamford-street, London. It is interesting to note as an instance of the difficulties which beset the" ad ministration, that while some of the special funds have had to be heavily supplemented from the general fund, others have a considerable unused balance outstanding, and it is not surprising to find the Finance Committee pleading that their work would be simplified “ if a larger

.£

1 26

— F I R S T

proportion of our receipts came into the general fund, rather than into earmarked funds.” The year’s expenditure was ,£ 1,642,271— a great sum, but happily well within the income. In this connection, a remark of the Joint Finance Committee is worth quoting. “ We have charged,” they say, “ the whole of our capital outlay on motor ambulances, hospital equipment, trains, etc., against the income of the year, and in doing so we feel we are following a practice which will be approved.” T he chief reasons for this course are the short life of most of the assets and the cost and labour of obtaining a reliable valuation of those assets at the date in question, spread as they are over the various theatres of war. The greater part of the money has been naturally spent abroad, and the heaviest item is for the transport of wounded— that is, the motor ambulances. The sum ex pended on1 the purchase of vehicles was ,£446,400; to work and maintain them cost £ 1 6 9 , 5 6 2 . ^ By far the greater part of the fleet is working in France and Flanders, the remainder being distributed between Egypt, Malta, Serbia, Italy and Great Britain. In addition, there was spent in France and Flanders ; £ 293' 5° 9> ° f which £ 149 ,83 8 was for equipment, general and medical stores. T o this must still be added £42 ,8 18 for the St. John Hospital at Etaples, and £ 1 7 ,6 4 3 for the Enteric Hospital at Calais, so that in the aggregate the Societies have spent nearly a million pounds for the welfare of the sick and wounded from our splendid armies on the Western front. Malta and the Near East cost £ 19 4 ,8 12 , of which the bulk was spent for the sick and wounded from Gallipoli. For the wounded heroes of Serbia and Montenegro the Societies spent £43.846, for the Persian Gulf Expedition they spent £ 5 , 6 1 1 , and for Italy £ 9 3 6 . Hospital equipment and medical necessaries and com forts of all kinds, which were purchased during the year, cost £263,573, in addition to which nearly £200,000 worth were presented to the Societies by the generous pub’ic. “ The large expenditure on stores,” the Finance Committee write, “ gives some idea of the demands which have had to be met in this area (in the Mediterranean), particularly in the early stages of the campaign. The need was extreme, and we believe that in no case did we fail to meet the demand.” On the question of “ management expenses” the Joint Finance Committee write: “ The management ex penses (including the cost of receiving, handling, distribut ing, and recording at head office, the whole of the funds received by the Joint Committee) would amount to £ 2 1 , 2 2 1 6s. 3d., representing i f per cent., or 2fd. in the pound, on the whole of the income, or if we add the cost of appeals (£ 6 ,1 3 7 01. n d . ) 1-46 per cent., or 3^d. in the pound. These figures we regard as eminently satisfactory. That they should be so low is due largely to the fact that so many of our workers are unpaid. We have no head of a department in receipt of a salary.” Another cause of the low proportion is the practical absence of the items, “ Rent, rates, &c.,” thanks to the generosity of friends. In the Stores Department, thanks to the devoted labours of volun tary workers, the expenses rose no higher than 2 96 per cent, of the value of the goods handled. The report is published at is., and may be obtained post free from the Joint War Committee, 83, Pall Mall London, S.W.

When corresponding w ith A dvertisers please mention “ F irst A id.”

A ID . —

January, 19 1 6 .

The D eath of P te. T. Benfold w h ile on Active Service. P t e . R i c h a r d B a n k s has written to Mr. and Mrs. Benfold with respect to the death of their son Thomas, who was a member of the Wigan Division, S.J.A.B. Pte. Banks, who was serving with the Sub - Division, 1st Field Ambulance, R.N.D., of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, was a very close friend of the late Pte. Benfold. In his letter, which is dated October 23rd, he says:— “ No doubt you will have heard of the sad news by the time you receive my letter, of which I am about to inform you. It is with the deepest regret and sympathy that I write you these few lines, hoping you will bear up as well as you can over the loss of your valuable son, Thomas. He died whilst in the execution of his duty, and died a hero’s death. ‘ He gave his life to save a comrade.’ The following is an account of his death, which was instan taneous. “ He left camp at 7.30 a.m. on Wednesday morning, quite cheerful and happy, and was going up to our ad vanced dressing station, called ‘ Pink Farm.’ The stretcher bearers convey the wounded from the regimental aid post to the dressing station. They had just got into the reserve trenches and put their overcoats and haversacks down, when Tom and a comrade named Tom Yeomans were called to take a man down to the dressing station, he hav ing been wounded in the head. They had the stretcher on a litter, Tom at the front end and his mate at the back. There were some troops going across the open in massed formation, and the Turks, seeing this, started sending the deadly shrapnel. His mate tells me they were going at a pretty good pace to get the wounded man to the dressing station to be attended to by the surgeon. Then all at once Tom stopped, turned round, looked at him, and got quietly down and stretched himself out. His mate tells me he did not think it was anything serious, and the only words he muttered were 1 Oh, dear ! ’ As he got down he crossed his hands across his breast and fell asleep. It was over in less than a couple of m'nutes. His mate ran for the surgeon, who had just finished fastening a tourniquet on a man’s leg which had been badly damaged by the shrapnel, and said to him, ‘ Surgeon Calthrop, Benfold’s got done.’ He picked up his haversack and ran off, Tom following him, only to find that poor Tom had passed away. This was about 8.45 a.m. last Wednesday morning. He was taken to the dressing station and sent down to the hospital at the bottom of our camp. “ A fellow came and told me that my pal had got in jured, so I ran down to the hospital to meet the motor ambulance wagon, and after waiting about ten minutes the wagon came, but when I saw him it brought tears to my eyes to think that I had lost my best pal. He was laid to rest at five o’clock in the R.N.D. Cemetery, Orchard Gully.”

A large number of men are still required for the Military Home Hospitals Reserve. Officers in charge of Corps and Divisions should forward names of volunteers as soon as received to their Deputy Commissions. Vacancies are availabie for members who have been rejected, and also for men enlisted under Lord Derby’s Scheme. It should be noted that no members can be accepted for duty from Groups 2 to 9, unless the written consent of the Attesting Officer is produced, stating he will enlist the member concerned for General Service in the R.A .M .C.

Roll of Honour. MEMBERS OF THE SJ.A.B. WHO HAVE DIED IN THE EXECUTION OF THEIR DUTY. N P te . J . R ic h a r d s o n „ F . P a rk e r „ H . J o h n s o n ... „ T . W ass „ T . B e n fo ld L - C o r p . R . W h it e s id e P te . H . B la c k b u r n „ H . C . M a ste rs

„ „ „

M . D o y le H . A . B a ile y ... H . H eys

P te . G . W h it e „ T . M o rg a n S e rg t. S. B u s h P te . J . J . S k i n n e r ... „ F . N e w b u r y ... „ G . C le w e r „ F . C . H ill ... „ H . R . E v a n s ... „ R . Y o rk „ T . B ro s c o n ib e „ F . A . S h a w ... „ W . G. H ughes „ G . H in e „ J . C o w il „ J . M a w le

D istrict.

.. . C la r e V a le C o llie r y . . . ... ...A d lin g t o n ...C r e s w e ll • ...B r o a d s w o r t h ••• ... . ..W ig a n ... ...B la c k p o o l ...N e ls o n ... ... ...A lv e r s t o k e ...

...S t . J a m e s ’ G a te .. .T ib s h e lf .. .A c c r in g t o n ...

M Name.

a v a l .

Division.

Name.

6 . ..M e d . E x . F o r c e , R . N . D . 4 .. . „ „

5 *** 5 •••

» »

4 ... 4 ...

,, ,,

„ ,,

4-•■

2 . . . In v a lid e d h o m e fro m H a s la r a n d s u b s e q u e n t ly d ie d . ... 1 2 . . . H . M . S . “ F o r m id a b le .” ... 5 ...M e d . E x . F o r c e , R . N . D . ... 4 ... „ ,,

i l i t a r y .

D ivision.

.. .E x e t e r ...G n llw y n ...B r o m le y .. .N o . 6 ...O ln e y ...B r a d f o r d ...S t o n e h o u s e ... ...E r y r i... .. . D u b lin ... B r a d fo r d T r a m s . ... L a n g le y ...E r y r i... ...D a r w e n ... W e a rm o u th .. .H a s t in g s ...

D istrict.

W here serving.

... 9 . . . M il it a r y H o s p it a l, C o r k . ...1 1 ...3 r d W e ste rn G en. H o sp . ... 1 ...C o n n a u g h t H o s p it a l. ... 1 ...C a t e r h a m . ... 3 . ..4 3 r d F ie ld A m b u la n c e . ... 5 ...3 3 r d F ie ld A m b u la n c e . ... 2 .. . V . R e in f o r c s . ( M . E . F . ) .

... 7 . . . 1 2 . . .L im e r ic k . ... 5 ...O v e rs e a s . ... 3 . ..O v e rs e a s . ... 2 . ..1 4 t h C a s . C l. S ta tio n . ... 4 ... 1 it h C o . R . A . M . C ... 6 . . . i 2 i h „ . . . 8 . . . 7 th

128

— FIRST

a i d

January, 1 9 1 6

We feel sure that legislation compelling men to hold a

B revities.

first aid certificate who go down a mine would be the means of procuring assistance as soon as possible in cases

S i r A n t h o n y B o w l b y , Surgeon to the King, who attenJed

his Majesty after his recent accident in France, in deliver ing his annual Bradshaw lecture at the Royal College of Surgeons, on “ Wounds in War,” said that in the South

of accident,

but,

educated to the adopted

at the same time, miners should “ safety” movement

several

Railway

which

Companies, as

has

been

many

acci ents happen through sheer want of ordinary care.

African War wounds were not so severe, and there was less smashing than in the present campaign.

In South Africa

bullets had frequently travelled for more than half a mile,

In order to stop an incipient epidemic of malingering

and thus lost much of their velocity, whereas in the present

among the men, an R .A .M .C. surgeon, with the divine

war the bullet only travelled a few yards.

gift of humour, affixed the following notice to the “ Surgery lent

* *

“ Hints to those who for one reason or another

wish to ‘ go s ic k ’ (1) Don’t spring smartly to attention

The ordinary type of stretcher was too long to go

and walk briskly up to the Medical Officer when you have

round the traverses of the present-day trench, and men had

chosen

to be moved to the dressing-stations by trench stretchers

sprained wrists and ankles are always swollen.

on which the man sat with his back resting against the

on emerging from ‘ the presence,’ let your friends shout

back of one of the bearers.

In the early days of the war

before the long communication trenches were constructed,

injured

any luck ?

knee-cap.

(2)

Don’t

forget

that

(3) Don’t,

Those wishing for further advice, should

apply for my various illustrated pamphlets, price 6d. each.

wounded men had to be kept in the advanced trenches

The most popular are— (1) How to raise and lower your

until night afforded some protection.

temperature.

One man with whom

he had had to deal had lain on the strip of land between

pulse.

the opposing trenches for ten days before he could

very

rescued, and he lost both his feet as the result of gangrene. Another man was discovered in a German dug-out lying

(2) How to strengthen and weaken your

(3) How to get a bad tongue. bad tongue (price

(4) How to get a

How

to make joints

* * *

* * * I

The ordinary bullet wounds of the South African War was

quite small, as though it had been made

awl.

This kind of wound was quite rare in

thepresent

war,

for there was much more tearing of the

tissues.

witha brad

Shrapnel shells inflicted such numerous and varied wounds on the head and shoulders that

was impossible to

Much damage was also

done by the various kinds of bombs and grenades, which exploded at close quarters, and the wounds were aggravated by the quantity of dirt thrown up by the explosion.

One

thing that had struck him was the extreme rapidity with which wounds became infected.

(5)

swell. (6) Paleness. (7) Useful illnesses ; their duration, symptoms and remedies.

between two dead Germans.

describe a typical shell wound.

is.).

He reckoned that about

30,000 bombs were exploded in the course of a day.

his dispatch, dated December n t h , 1915, issued by

the War Office on January 6th, 1916, Sir Ian Hamilton makes the following reference to the work of the Army Medical Services : — A feature of every report, narrative, or diary I have read has been a tribute to the stretcher bearers.

All ranks,

from generals in command to wounded men in hospital, are unanimous in their praise.

I have watched a party

from the moment when the telephone summoned them from their dug-out to the time when they returned with their wounded.

T o see them run light-heartedly across

fire-swept slopes is to be privileged to witness a superb example of the hero in man.

No braver corps exists, and

I belive the reason to be that all thought of self is in jr

Mr. W. H. Chambers, District Supt. of the No. District,

stinctively flung aside when the saviDg of others is the

* 5

motive. •* *

speaking recently on the occasion of the pre

sentation of awards to the members of the Mexborough Division, said the St. John’s movement had plodded quietly along for many years, and now it had been able, at a given

This

reference to the stretcher bearers,

many of

whom are St. John Ambulance men, bear out the remarks

moment, to place at the service of the country large bodies

which were published in our last issue, and the correspond

of splendidly efficient men.

ent who wrote to the Bolton E vening N ew s “ that the man

He should not be surprised if

legislation were not shortly introduced for the purpose of

who joins the St. John Ambulance is not doing his best

compelling every man who went down a mine to hold an

either for himself or his country ” will perhaps withdraw

ambulance certificate. hands.

He would vote for it with both

his disparaging remarks on a body of men who have done, and are still doing, such a noble work.

- F I R S T

January, 1 9 1 6

5tailwau Jlmbutance. C a m b r i a n . — Mr. Hodson, whose portrait we re produce on this page, has been associated with the ambulance movement since its inauguration on the Cambrian Railways twenty-one years ago. first as Class Secretary, then assistant to the late Mr. J. D. Andrew, and from 1909 he has acted as Secretary to the Centre of which the Right Hon. the Earl of Powis is President. In 1901 Mrs. Denniss and Mrs. Parry Jones gave a challenge shield to be competed for annually, and each year since then Mr. Hodson has been practically responsible for the organisation of these competitions. So successful has he been that the late Dr. Christian was loud in his praise of the organising abilities of Mr. Hodson whom he remarked “ was everything to everybody, which made these com petitions a pleasure to judge.” In connection with the Cambrian Railways Centre

M r . T . A . C. H o d s o n .

there are nine classes, and since its formation no less than 1,587 employes of the Company have obtained certificates, vouchers, medallions and labels, denoting proficiency in the noble art of life saving. Notwithstanding a sympathetic Board of Directors and Management, yet there remained the need of an organiser to link up the management and the men, and it would be difficult indeed to find the equal of Mr. Hodson for this position. T he men have implicit faith in him and he has proved himself a genius in overcoming obstacles and getting the best co-operation ’twixt officers and staff. The ambulance men have on several occasions shown that Mr. Hodson is held in high esteem by them, and at Aberystwyth recently presented him and his daughter with a token of their respect.

A 1 D.

129

Mr. Hodson was recently selected an Hon. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John in recognition of his services to the ambulance movement, and the whole of the ambulance men on the Cambrian Railways are delighted at the honour conferred upon him. L.B. & S .C .R .— The Company has constructed to the order of the War Office a Red Cross Train for use in France. It is composed of 16 coaches and is 931 ft. over buffer. There are two kitchen cars, one pharmacy car (with operating theatre), one staff car for the accommoda tion of four nurses and three doctors, elaborately fitted, having separate dining-rooms and shower bath for ladies and gentlemen respectively ; one personnel car for the accommodation of 28 R .A .M .C . men ; five coaches for setting cases, capable of carrying 320 men ; four ward cars, each with accommodation for 36 cot cases, or 144 in the four; one isolation brake ward car, capable of carrying two distinct bunches of fever or other infectious cases ; one store and brake car. T he train has been on exhibition at several stations on the Company’s system ; close on 20,000 paid to pass through, and nearly ^ 1 , 7 0 0 was taken to aug ment the funds for providing comforts for the Royal Engi neers Corps raised by the railway executive and now serv ing in France. The total that the train can carry is 162 cot cases, 320 sitters, 6 cooks, 28 orderlies, 4 nurses and 3 doctors. S.E. & C .R .— A well attended and successful smoking concert was held at Canterbury on January 8th, the event being made the occasion for presenting awards to two members of No. 9 District. Mr. E. A. Richards, the chairman of the centre, presided, and was supported by various officers of the Company and other influential gentlemen. The awards presented were to Dr. G. Copping, of Folkestone, for his efficient first aid treatment of a child who had been run over by a motor omnibus, and Mr. G. Vidler, the energetic secretary of the Wye class. In making the presentations, Mr. Richards enlarged upon the value of a knowledge of first aid, and sought the support of those present in securing new members. Surely such times as these should enable every thinking man to realise the value of this knowledge. He was bound to say that, considering there were over 4,000 members of the staff qualified in this respect, the number of recruits secured annually was not as great as it should be, and he asked for the support of those present in this direction. No first aider had the right to keep the knowledge he had gained in this respect to himself. It was his duty to dis seminate that knowledge as far as possible and do all that he could to support the Order of which he was a member} Many members of the centre were on Active Service, and it was up to those who were left behind to see that the gaps were filled up, and filled up promptly, so that the centre might continue in its usefulness. A tribute was also paid to the labo irs of the district secretary, Mr. A. Batt, who, it was said, embodied all that a district secretary should be, and who was ready to do all that he could to further the work of the district. A pleasing musical programme was provided by Messrs. [Noakes, Clifford, Burchett, Bitt, Highley and others. N . E . R y . — Mr. George Jackson, whose name w ill be familiar as general secretary of the N .E .R. Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, has been offered and accepted a commission as Quartermaster and Hon. Lieu

—FIRST

130

tenant of the R.A .M .C., and has been posted to the 104th Field Ambulance, now training at Warminster, Wilts. Lieut. Jackson is one of the best-known figures in the N.E .R. service, for during the term of his secretaryship of the N.E.R. Centre he has visited regularly almost every corner of the system, earning, indeed, the title of the “ Travelling Secretary.” The total mileage covered by him during his term of office (19 years) aggregates to over 168,000 miles— truly a wonderful record. Mr. Jackson was

2>V courtesy)

L ieu t.

[North-Eastern R ailw ay Magazine.

G. J a c k s o n ,

R.A.M.C.

appointed general secretary in July, 1896, at the first general meeting of the Centre after its formation. Since then',the ambulance work on the system has developed enormously, and with the assistance of the district secre taries over 45 classes each year have been run. Most of this work, it may be said, has been done after office hours and on Saturdays. A large part of Mr. Jackson’s time has been occupied in organising the district and final competi

AI D. —

January, 1916.

tions, which were held each year from 1897 until last year, when they were suspended during the duration of the war ; and perhaps his proudest moment was when the Hull Goods Team, in 1901, won for the N.E.R. Centre the National Ambulance Shield in competition with teams re presenting the railways of Great Britain. Mr. Jackson entered the service of the Company in 1883, at Malton, from which place he was transferred to York in 1891. Since 1893 he has been en gaged as storekeeper in the Engineers’ Department at York. His only son is with the Colours as bombardier in the R.F.A. During Mr. Jackson’s absence on military duties the secretaryship of the Centre will be carried on by Mr. W. Hollings, inspector, Yardmaster’s Office, Gateshead. Mr. Hollings, who is one of the pioneers of the North Eastern Railway Centre, was Mr w h H o llin g s, elected chairman at the first N e w c a stle meeting of the Newcastle District Council on September 15th, 1895, and attended the first meeting of the General Council of the Centre held in York on 29th September, 1895. He was chairman of the Newcastle District Council in 1896, and, owing to the illness of the district secretary (Mr. J. T, Bates), arranged for the first District Competition. In 1897 he was elected district secretary for New castle, and still holds that position.

G.W .R .— We understand the Great Western Railway have had another good year of ambulance work, apart from the fact that classes have been conducted under consider able difficulties owing to the exigencies of the railway busi ness arising out of the war, and the fact that such a large number of members of the staff are serving with the Forces. T he actual figures in respect of examination awards are not yet available, but we hope to give them in our next issue. It will be remembered that the results achieved in 1914 were far in excess of any previous year, and in fact are understood to constitute a record for any railway centre. It is anticipated that whilst the figures for 1915 will neces sarily be lower than those for 1914, they will be in excess of those for any other year, and, in all the exceptional circum stances which prevail, such a result can only be regarded as gratifying. The interest taken in the ambulance movement by Mr. Frank Potter, general manager, is well known throughout the system, and was evidenced recently by his visit to Didcot to distribute the examination awards gained by members of that class. In the course of an inspiring address, Mr. Potter referred to the growth of the move ment in recent years and the value of an ambulance train ing in these times. The gathering took the form of a con cert, which was contributed to by members of the Army Ordnance Corps stationed at Didcot. The programme in cluded demonstrations in bandaging by Red Cross nurses and in first aid by members of the class. Mr. T. Robins Bolitho, a director of the Company, has offered a challenge shield for competition between teams composed of members of the staff drawn from stations west of Truro. This should prove a further incentive

January, 1916,

— FIRST

A I D , —

to the railwaymen of the “ West Countree ” to acquire and maintain efficiency in ambulance work, and will, doubtless, infuse a healthy spirit of rivalry between the various classes B y E. L. B. F O R S T E R . on that part of the line. First aid classes for members of the fair sex employed M em ber of th e S o ciety of C h e m ic a l I n d u st r y . by the Company were organised during last year, with remarkable success, at Paddington and Birmingham, and it T h e g r o u n d w o r k o f d i s p e n s i n g is t h e w e i g h t s a n d m e a is understood that in addition to these, which will in all sures. If it falls to t h e lo t o f a n a m b u l a n c e w o r k e r t o g e t probability be reformed during the present session, similar t h e d i s p e n s a r y r e a d y it is i m p o r t a n t to u n d e r s t a n d t h e classes are in course of formation at Bristol and Birken s y s t e m in use. head. That the lady clerks and telegraphists take a keen interest in the movement is proved by the fact that many There are two sets of weights. All prescriptions are who took the first aid courses have recently formed them dispensed b y the Apothecaries weight, which has a scruple selves into a class of instruction for home nursing, in con dram, and an ounce containing 480 grains, but all the nection with which they were fortunate enough to secure official preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia are made the services of Dr. Carvell as lecturer. It is testimony both b y the Avoirdupois weight with its 437-5 grain to the ounce. to the doctor’s ability as a lecturer and the interest taken It is this latter that drugs are sold by. in the work by the students that in the examination no The metric system is not in use for dispensing in fewer than 41 of the 43 candidates were successful. England but is on the Continent. We regret to hear After the weights that Mr. F. Stadward, the most important the popular secretary point in a dispensary of the Bristol Division, is perfect cleanliness. who has been associated Accidents have oc with ambulance work curred through neglect at that station for many of this. If a measure is years, has had to te'innot absolutely clean the quish office owing to next drug may set up ill-health. The position chemical action with is being filled by Mr. even a trace of the J. A. Reynolds, of the previous. Iron salts in District Goods Man solution shows this very ager’s office. clearly if even a faint Owing to the re trace of tannic acid moval of Mr. W. T. Carr comes in contact with from Chester to Exeter, them. a vacancy occurs in the T he danger is that secretaryship of the a reaction may occur, Chester Division which, and if colourless, pass we are informed, will be unnoticed. filled by Mr. R. H. It is a good plan to Pryce, of the Divisional keep separate measures Superintendent’s office. for making up outward During the period in preparations. W e l s h p o o l T e a m , W i n n e r s o f t h e C a m b r i a n R a i l w a y S h i e l d . tervening between Mr. It is also safe to Carr’s removal and the S t a n d in g — H . M ills , A . J o n e s , E . H o w e lls , M r. P r y c e (S t a t io n m a s t e r). keep a small measure appointment of his S i t t in g — D r . R . D . T h o m a s , T . J o n e s (c a p t a in ), M r. H o d s o n (C e n t r e S e c.). just for the very successor, the work is F r o n t ro w — E . S to k e s , S. C ro x to n . poisonous drugs. being carried on by Mr. N othing must ever S. J. Richards, of the Chief Inspector’s office, Chester. be placed direct on to the scale pan in weighing, unless Other changes have been necessitated by divisional there is a movable glass pan. secretaries joining the Colours, and the following are filling A tared glass must be uied. the positions temporarily vacated :— Very often it is permissible to weigh on paper, if a London (No. 1) Division— Mr. A. J. Stroud, Engineer’s very large quantity is to be made. Then the papers’ must office, Paddington. be tared against a similar piece in the opposite pan (they Exeter (No. 5) Division— Mr. J. Parr, Telegraph can be cut out together). Of course this only applies to office, Taunton. rather rough work, making up such a thing as a stock Gloucester (No. 10) Division —Mr. R. P. Sims, Sheet bottle of boracic acid. department, Gloucester. Always test the scales before use. If they are “ out ” Birmingham (No. 12) Division— Mr. F. S. Bolton, they can be rectified by the addition of an extra weight on Divisional Superintendent’s office, Birmingham. the light side. A small piece of paper is usually sufficient.

H ints on D ispensing.

Some enterprising tradesmen in Battersea have com bined to provide a set of apparatus for first-aid require ments for use in accidents and emergencies occasioned by the darkened streets. On a wall opposite a shop in Wandsworth-road, Battersea, is fixed a small case containing splints, bandages and dressings.

On no account must an amateur attempt to interfere with the “ machinery” of the scales unless the error is due to a twisted chain— this is not uncommon. If the dispensary is a temporary one, the drugs must all the same be placed in a systematic order. All poisonous drugs must be kept together in a separate place, to correspond to the poison cupboard of an ordinary dispensary.

I32

— F I R S T

If a label comes off a bottle, and there is the slightest doubt as to its contents, it must not on any account be used, there must be no guess work in a dispensary. It is an essential point that every dispensary has a good supply of bottles, both for internal and external use ; also labels. If there are no “ Poison ” libels, if there is any red ink they can always be made, a red band should be placed around the label, and “ Poison ” printed in the centre. Labels keep on much better if the corners are rounded off. If helping in a dispensary, and unskilled in chemistry, it is best to avoid the use of an iron knife no matter how hard up we may be for a spatula. If there is no bone one forthcoming a wooden spoon makes an excellent substitute. If an iron knife were used with certain chemicals, chemical action would be set up. In dissolving or mixing solutions a glass rod must always be used, if one is not forthcoming resort must be had to shaking. In shaking a bottle care must be taken to hold the cork or stopper wtll down, to prevent it jumping out. Some stoppers have a trick of refusing to come out. The best way to treat them is by gentle but decisive tapping on the side of the neck of the bottle. If this is of no avail, boiling water dropped on to the neck in turn with the tapping will, in nearly every case, loosen the stopper. If a wash bottle is handy it is most convenient to use for boil ing water. In giving odd help in a dispensary great care must be taken to alter nothing, bottles must be taken down singly, and replaced before another is taken. Great care must also be used in pouring out not to soil the label. Nothing should ever be poured out the label side, yet how strange it is that the majority of people always do so, just because it is that side that is towards them. If working in a dis pensary it is well to practice pouring out small quantities, and “ dropping ” over the cork, stopper or a glass rod. In pouring out oils they must be directed into the centre of the measure. The same rule applies to any thick preparation. A measure must be used only just the size required ; not too large In preparing stock solutions, all chemicals must be reduced to powder, if they are kept in the crystalline state. T he amount required must be weighed, and after pow dering weighed again, as doubtless some loss will have occurred. It is very bad dispensing to have resort to hot water for dissolving, cold should be used, or in making saturated solutions on cooling some of the salt is apt to crystallise out. In some dispensaries a number of the salts in general use are kept ready in solution, so that when a definite quantity is added the dispenser adds the necessary amount of solution containing the equivalent of the salt. In storing, ether must never be kept near a fire or light. It should be placed on a bottom shelf. Ammonia is also best kept low down, or there is difficulty in keeping in the stopper. Should there be any phosphorus, that must be kept away from the fire or light. As far as possible all drugs must be kept in jars or bottles with a wide mouth. Several things may come from the wholesale houses in paper, but they must be turned out at once. It will save a good deal of trouble to be careful that the stopper is quite clean, that there is no chemical on i t ; also that the inside of the neck is perfectly clean. It must be wiped with a fresh cloth. If these simple precautions are not taken, the dis penser is to blame if the stopper sticks. Certain chemicals

AID. —

January, 191 6.

and acids are very trying in this respect, but fortunately they are not much used in a dispensary. It is attention to these little details that makes all the difference between good and bad dispensing. A carelessly-managed dispen sary is the way to seek for accidents. When a stock bottle is empty it must be filled as soon as possible, and in the meantime not returned to its place. On filling up a stock bottle, now is the time to make sure that there is plenty of that special drug in the reserve stock. The quantity of each drug kept in stock must, of course, vary with each dispensary and each drug. While some will require to be kept in large quantities, a very small quantity of another will suffice. The same will apply to making up stocks. In some cases— for example, carbolic— it is well to have two or three bottles of varying strengths. The strengths must be stated very clearly on each bottle. All labels must be so written that any doctor or dispenser can at once tell the contents of the bottles. On no account must any private form of marking be employed. All preparations for external use must be placed in special bottles. They are either blue or green, and ribbed, They must have the “ external labels on,” and if they con tain a poison must have a poison one as well. Ointments, if poisonous, must be labelled as such. If it is a case of great emergency, and there is no proper bottle forthcoming, on no account put a lotion into a bottle graduated for doses. Rather put it into an old beer bottle, or anything, instead of letting such a risk be taken. It is not always necessary to use distilled water in a dispensary. For certain preparations it is essential, such as hyperdermic injections, when the measure must be washed out with it previous to using. Or again, if nitrate of silver is used, were tap water added to the silver salt a dense, heavy white precipitate would be thrown down, a drop or so of tap water would be sufficient to cause a milky appearance.

Am bulance

Tables.*

B y C H A S . J . R . M c L E A N , M .D ., M .C ., D . P . H . , L e c t u r e r , E x a m in e r a n d H o n o r a r y L if e M e m b e r o f St. J o h n A m b u la n c e A s s o c ia t io n . (1) 1. B a ll a n d e lb o w , k n e e . (2)

in ds

Jo in ts.

so c k e t, e.g., h ip , s h o u ld e r.

R e spir a tio n C onsists

H in g e , e.g.,

of—

(a ) In s p ir a t io n : i.e., th e d r a w in g o f p u re a ir in to the lu n g s to p r o v id e o x y g e n fo r the b lo o d . (1b) E x p ir a t io n : i.e ., the fo r c in g o f im p u re a ir o ut o f th e lu n g s (c h ie f ly c a r b o n ic a c id ). R e s p ir a t io n s o c c u r 15 to 18 tim e s e a c h m in u te . (3)

C ircu la tio n

of the

H e a r t ( F o u r C a v i t i e s ).

B e g in n in g at th e le ft a u r ic le th e b lo o d g o e s in to th e le ft v e n t ric le , fro m th e re in to th e a o rta , th e n th ro u g h th e a rt e rie s , c a p illa r ie s a n d v e in s o f th e b o d y , w h e re the b lo o d g iv e s u p o x y g e n a n d n o u ris h m e n t , a n d ta k e s u p im p u ritie s , th e n b a c k to th e r ig h t a u r ic le , fro m th e re to th e r ig h t v e n t r ic le , w h ic h fo rc e s th e b lo o d th ro u g h the p u lm o n a ry a rt e r y to th e lu n g s , fro m w h ic h it g o e s b y th e p u lm o n a r y v e in s to th e left a u r ic le . V a lv e s in th e o rific e s o f th e h e a rt p re v e n t re flu x o f the b lo o d . * T n ese A m bulance T ab le s are circulated amongst the members o f the D ew sbury C entre, S .J .A .A ., being printed in leaflet form. P e r m ission to reprint the T ab le s can be obtained.

— F I R S T

January, 1 9 1 6

(4) U s e s o f t h e B l o o d . C a r r ie s o x y g e n to th e tis su e s . „ n o u ris h m e n t to the tissu e s. „ h e a t, m o is tu re to th e tis su e s . „ / c a r b o n ic a c id ) fro m the tis s u e s to the e x„ /r e f u s e m a tte r J c r e t in g o rg a n s , e.g., lu n g s , k id n e y s , s k in .

(5 ) D i f f e r e n A rtery. 1. C a r r ie s b lo o d from he a rt. 2. Pure b lo o d . 3. W a lls s tro n g , e la s tic .

V ein . C a r r ie s b lo o d to h e a rt. Im p u r e b lo o d . W a lls n o t so s tro n g , e la stic . V a lv e s .

4. N o v a lv e s . (6) K i n d s A

r t er ia l

C rim s o n . S p u rt s .

B etw een

en o us

a n d s u r r o u n d in g s , if a n y s m e ll o f liq u o r , b o tt le s o r k n iv e s , e tc ., a b o u t. 3. L a y fla t i f n o t so a lr e a d y . A r r e s t b le e d in g if, a n y . 4. L o o s e n t ig h t c o lla rs , b e lts , e tc. 5. L e t fre s h a ir g e t to p a t ie n t — n o c r o w d in g . 6. I f p a le f a c e , lo w e r h e a d ; if flu s h e d , r a is e h e a d . 7. I f a fit, p re v e n t p a tie n t fro m h u r t in g h im s e lf. 8. I f n o t b r e a t h in g , c o m m e n c e a r t if ic ia l re s p ir a t io n . 9. D o n o t t ry to g iv e a n y t h in g b y the m o u th . 10. D o n o t le a v e p a tie n t u n t il p la c e d w ith r e s p o n s ib le p e rso n . (1 4 ) O p iu m

In t e rm e d ia t e . O o ze s.

(7) T r e a t m e n t o f R u p t u r e d V a r i c o s e V e i n . 1. R a is e a n d e x p o s e th e p a rt. D ig it a l p re s s u re o n w o u n d , then

2. P a d a n d p re s s u re w ith b a n d a g e : (a) O n th e w o u n d . (6) O n v e in , o n sid e , re m o te fro m h e a rt, a n d , if n e c e s s a ry , o n s id e n e a re st h e a rt, a lso 3. R e m o v e p re s s u re o n h e a rt s id e : e.g., g a rte rs , if leg. (8) G e n e r a l T

reatment

(9) K i n d s o f F r a c t u r e . 1. S im p le : i.e., b o n e b ro k e n o n ly , n o s k in w o u n d . 2. C o m p o u n d : i.e., w h e re th e re is w o u n d in s k in c o m m u n ic a tin g w ith b r o k e n b o ne. 3. C o m m in u t e d b o n e b ro k e n in to s e v e ra l p ie c e s . 4. C o m p lic a t e d : i.e., b o n e b ro k e n a n d in ju r y to n e ig h b o u rin g p a rt : e.g., lu n g , jo in t , a rte ry , etc. 5. Im p a c t e d : e n d s o f b ro k e n b o n e d r iv e n in to o n e a n o th e r. (10) D i f f e r e n c e B e t w e e n — F racture. D isl o c a t io n . (a) I n th e b o n e . I n the jo in t. (A) T o o m u c h m o tio n at sp o t. T o o lit tle m o tio n at spo t. ( c) C r e p it u s : i.e ., g r a tin g . N o c re p itu s . (ti) I f re d u c e d it re tu rn s . I f re d u c e d it re m a in s . (e) P a in . ( / ) D e fo rm it y . S w e llin g . (g) L o s s o f p o w er. N .B . I n im p a c te d fra c t u re c r e p it u s a n d u n n a tu ra l m o b ility a re a b se n t. T

r e a t m e n t

ro ken

ollar

o n e

1. L a r g e p a d in a rm pit. B e n d fo re a rm w e ll up. 2. S u p p o r t a rm in S t. J o h n s lin g . 3. B r o a d b a n d a g e : (a) T o k e e p e lb o w b a c k . le v e r s h o u ld e r o ut.

1. 2.

G e n er a l R ules

L oss

O p iu m s m e ll.

C o n scio u sness.

S e n d fo r a d o c to r, s ta tin g w h a t h a s h a p p e n e d . F in d o ut h o w it h a p p e n e d . N o t e .— P o s it io n o f b o d y

B e tw e e n — C o n c u s s io n

A po plex y.

P a le , e x c e p t F lu s h e d . at first. P u p ils c o n - P u p ils d ila t e d , tracted, e q u a l, c o n equal to t r a c t to p in p o in t. lig h t. P u ls e s lo w , P u ls e q u ic k . e x c e p t at M o u t h not first. d ra w n .

F lu s h e d . P u p i l s une q u a l, d o n o t re a c t to lig h t. P u ls e s lo w , fu ll, m ay b e q u ic k , fe e b le at first. M o u t h d ra w n o n e sid e .

o f

B r a in .

P a le . S k in c o ld . P u p i l s con tra d e d e q u a l, P u ls e fu ll,

q u ic k ,

L iq u o r s m e ll. B o th s id e s u s e le s s , s e n s it iv e to p a in .

O n e s id e u se le s s , in s e n s it iv e to p a in .

M a y b e b le e d in g fro m e a r o r n o se fro m fra c tu re d s k u ll.

6. B r e a t h in g s lo w in a ll m a y be s n o rin g . 7. N o t e .— D r u n k e n n e s s m a y c o - e x is t w ith e it h e r of th e o th e rs . (15)

(2 c la s s e s ).

P o is o n s

1. T h o s e w h ic h s ta in o r b u r n m o u th , e.g ., s tro n g a c id s o r a lk a lie s , s u lp h u r ic a c id , n it r ic a c id , c a r b o lic a c id , c a u s t ic s o d a o r p o ta sh . E m e t ic s m u s t N O T be g iv e n . 2. T h o s e w h ic h d o n o t s ta in o r b u r n th e m o u th , e.g., o p iu m (la u d a n u m , c h lo r o d y n e ), a lc o h o l, a rs e n ic , s t r y c h n in e , p h o s p h o ru s , b a d m e at o r fish , fu n g i. G iv e e m e tic in a ll c a se s.

(16)

T ra n s p o rt

O n e H e lp e r . A r m ro u n d w a ist.

2. 3.

C a r r y in a rm s . C a rry on back.

O n e H e lp e r . A r m b e tw e e n le g s , p a tie n t o n s h o u ld e r.

A c c id e n t.

(S e n s ib le ).

S lig h t

T w o H e lp e r s . 1. A r m u n d e r h ip . A r m r o u n d n e c k . T w o - h a n d e d sea t. 2. T h r e e - h a n d e d sea t. 3. F o u r - h a n d e d seat. 4. S to u t c h a ir.

S e v e re

( In s e n s ib le ) . T w o H e lp e r s . 1. O n e g r a s p s w a is t fro m b eh in d . T h e o th e r o n e le g u n d e r e a c h a rm in fro n t

2. S t r a p u n d e r k n e e s b a c k to back. Im p r o v is e s tr e tc h e r w ith c o a ts , s a c k s o r c a rp e t a n d p o le s , h u r d le s , s h u tt e r o r la d d e r.

(6) T o

(1 2 ) C a u s e s o f L o s s o f C o n s c i o u s n e s s . 1. I n j u r y in a n y p a rt o f b o d y : e.g., f ra c t u re d le g c a u s in g sho ck. 2. I n j u r y to b r a in ; e.g., c o n c u s s io n (s t u n n in g ) fro m fa ll. C o m p re s s io n . 3. D is e a s e o f b r a in : e.g., a p o p le x y (s tro k e ). E p ile p s y . 4. P o is o n : e.g., o p iu m , a lc o h o l. 5. F a in t in g : e.g., f rig h t, lo s s o f b lo o d . 6. E le c t r ic s h o c k . 7. S u n s tro k e . (13)

n e s s

ounds.

1. L a y p a tie n t flat. T h i s (a) s lo w s c ir c u la t io n a n d th e re fo re le s se n b le e d in g , ( i ) P r e v e n ts fa in t in g . 2. W a s h a n d c le a n s e w o u n d w ith w ater. R e m o v e a n y fo re ig n b o d y . 3. B r in g e d g e s to g e th e r a fte r s to p p in g b le e d in g . 4. A p p ly c le a n d r e s s in g a n d p a d a n d b a n d a g e firm ly . 5. I n s e v e re b le e d in g fro m lim b : (a) I f a rte ry , a p p ly p re ss u re o n h e a rt sid e . (6) I f v e in , a p p ly p re s s u re o n s id e re m o te fro m h e a rt. 6. S u p p o rt th e in ju re d p a rt.

(11)

D iffe r e n c e

D r u n k e n -

P o is o n in g .

1. apilla r y

*33

not

B l e e d in g .

P u rp le . F lo w s .

A ID . —

(17) T o 1.

2. 3.

C a r r y

S tr e tc h e r .

C a r r y w ith h a n d s , n e v e r o n s h o u ld e r. D o n o t k e e p step. A v o id jo lt in g , h u r r y in g , c r o s s in g fe n c e s , fin d g a te o r

gap. 4. G e t b e a re r s th e s a m e h e ig h t , o r t a lle s t a t h e a d . 5. I n a s c e n d in g g o h e a d firs t ; d e s c e n d in g , g o feet fiis t . E x c e p t io n , b ro k e n le g .

(18) 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

P r e p a r a tio n

fo r

A c c id e n t.

S e le c t lig h t, c h e e r f u l b e d ro o m . C h o o s e s in g le b e d , if a v a ila b le . M a k e b e d a n d p la c e h o t w a te r b o ttle s in it. R e m o v e u n n e c e s s a ry f u r n is h in g s . C le a r th e w a y to ro o m . H a v e h o t w a te r, b a s in s a n d to w e ls re a d y .

— F I R S T

134

AID.

—

January, 1916.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY.

N otes

and

N ew s.

Mr. Ian Maldolm, M.P., returned recently from a visit to Russia in connection with the Red Cross work in that Country, having made an entensive tour of inspection from Finland to the Black Sea. He was greatly impressed with the magnitude of the scale upon which this beneficial work is carried on in the dominions of the Czar. It may not be generally known perhaps that each year the Red Cross department is fully mobilised in order that at a moment’s notice it may be ready, when called upon, to take its place in the field of active service. * * * The Red Cross of Gloucestershire has just published its report for the year 1915. It is a volume of 136 pages, which sets out the work which has been accomplished by the Voluntary Aid Hospitals in the County, it is also pro fusely decorated. Since the war started the various V.A. hospitals in the County have dealt with 5,717 patients. The Cheltenham Hospital is unique, it being the largest Voluntary Aid institution in the country, having over 1,000 beds, with its own offices and stores, and takes all cases just as they come from the port of disembarkation.

The total number of V . A . D .’s is now 2,599, and the

persotinel numbers 71,719, of whom 36,373 are women; 132,594 certificates have been granted, of which 63,942 were for first aid and 49,274 for nursing; 54,392 pro ficiency, technical and fire brigade badges have been issued. The number of Red Cross Manuals sold to date is

435. 5°°-

Evidence of German secret service activity throughout Canada, seeking to injure the Canadian Red Cross Society, is thought to be the explanation of a recent series of rumours and stories, whose evident object was to inter fere with the popularity of the Society in the public mind and to prevent, as far as possible, further contributions to its work. T he stories generally took the form of a state ment that the Red Cross was selling socks that had been knitted by persons who desired to contribute these to the soldiers, two of the commonest tales being that of a lumber man in Winnipeg who found a card from the donor in the foot of one of a pair of socks he bought, and the second that of an old lady of 80 living in the Niagara district, who knitted t o o pairs of socks, and in the last pair enclosed a card of good wishes, which a soldier, who, according to the story, bought the socks at the front, acknowledged. Mr. Noel Marshal, the chairman of the Canadian Red Cross, personally offered a reward of 100 dollars for the con viction of any person repeating this libel upon the Society.

A correspondent writing to the D a ily Telegraph last month said :— “ Why should not women take the place of the Red Cross men who are now enlisting as soldiers ? For my own part, during the last six months, I have written again and again to different societies and hospitals offering my services as an ambulance driver. Some of my letters were ignored, all answers were that women could not be accepted in that capacity, but even now I venture to think that I — with my six years’ experience of practical motoring first aid certificates, and fluent French— would be quite as, efficient as some of the men who are now driving.” Since the Red Cross Society has now lost a good number of its ambulance drivers this proposal should be considered. + * * The Leicester V.A.D. have arranged an original form of obtaining funds. By permission of the management of the various theatres in the town collection boxes have been passed round the audiences during the intervals between the acts by members in uniform, with the result that nearly £ 3 5 has been raised up to the present.

* * * A tribute to the work of the Red Cross was paid by Lord Derby at Bolton when he inspected part of a convoy of ambulance cars, costing ^36,000 in all, which the coalowners and miners of Lancashire and Cheshire are jointly providing. Lord Derby said that in no war and in no country had the wounded been looked after better than our wounded had been by the Royal Army Medical Corps, aided by the Red Cross and the St. John Ambulance Asso ciation. Their work had been simply magnificent, and he was indeed proud to think that it was his own brother (the Hon. Arthur Stanley) who was at the head of that work

The Corporation Parks Committee have granted the application of the Staffordshire Branch of the British Red Cross Society for permission to use Lightwoods House, Lightwoods Park, as a hospital for wounded soldiers. Lightwoods House will be handed over to the Society forthwith, and it is expected it will be ready for the recep tion of 40 patients within a month.

On behalf of the Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, an “ Active Service Exhibition” will be held at Prince’s Skating Club at Knightsbridge Hall from March 18th to April 8th next. One of the features of the under taking will be realistic representations of the actual con ditions under which our soldiers and sailors fight and live. These will be designed and arranged by experts returned from the various theatres of war.

— F I R S T

January, 1916.

A ID . —

India. We now have before us the third interim report of the Red Cross work of the Indian branch of the St. John Ambu lance Association, which took up the role of a Red Cross Society in India at the beginning of the war, and its remarkable achievements have called forth the warmest praise from the highest authorities. The Association can boast that it has collected the splendid sum of over three-and-a-half lakhs, and that it has despatched Red Cross gifts and material to the value of no less than ten lakhs to the various theatres of the war. In addition to organising a scheme for supplying Red Cross gifts, the Indian Association has raised 14 motor ambu lances which are serving either at the front or with the war hospitals in India. It has sent a small fleet of motor ambulance boats up the Persian Gulf. It has provided personnel for ambulance duties. It has assisted to equip military war hospitals in India with all sorts of ^comforts and with special apparatus for the treatment of the wounded.

135

Setters to the Sditor. We

a re

no m ay

sta tem en ts

L O A D IN G

re sp o n sib le f o r

m a d e, by

th e o p in io n s

C o r r e s p o n d e n ts .— E

M OTOR

e x p re ssed ,

d it o r

AM BU LAN CES

or the

, E tc.

FRO M

T R A IN S . D e a r S i r , — I h a v e re a d , w ith p le a s u r e a n d in te re s t, th e a r t ic le o n p a g e 115 o f th e D e c e m b e r is s u e , re th e lo a d in g o f m o to r a m b u la n c e s fro m t ra in s . N o d o u b t so m e o f y o u r re a d e r s w ill be in t e re s te d to re a d o f a n o t h e r in s t a n c e w h e re c o m m o n s e n s e h a s b e e n a p p lie d a n d h a r d a n d fa s t T e x t B o o k t e a c h in g p u t a sid e . A t th e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f th e w a r th e s e r v ic e s o f the la ilw a y a m b u la n c e m e n w e re r e q u is it io n e d fo r th e u n lo a d in g o f R e d C ro s s at B r ig h t o n a n d e ls e w h e re . A t th e o u tse t I r e a lis e d the a b s u r d it y o f th e d r il l a s la id d o w n fo r lo a d in g w a g o n s , a n d a s a firs t m o v e I a b o lis h e d th e fo u r m e n fo r s t r e t c h e r a n d in p la c e a d o p te d tw o , a n d la id d o w n th a t s lin g s w e re n o t to b e

A W o u n d e d S o ld ie r a t “ G r e e n b a n k ” M ilit a r y H o s p it a l, B o lto n . M j s s , S c b s l e s (C o m m a n d a n t ), M r s . G r a y (M a t r o n ), D r . J o h n s t o n ( M e d ic a l ^ O ffic e r).

It has helped the sister Red Cross Societies of all the Allies by gifts of money and material. It has endowed nearly a ward and a half in the war hospitals now, I be lieve, at the front which the Order of St. John of Jerusalem has recently founded in accordance with its ancient tradi tion of establishing hospitals for armies in the field. It has sent religious books for Sikhs and Mahomedans to the military hospitals in Europe, and comforts for the Indian Soldiers’ Fund. And last, but by no means least, the Association is providing a war hospital in India for the reception of severely wounded officers and men requiring electrical treatment. These achievements are, indeed, remarkable, especially if we bear in mind the fact pointed out by the Treasurer that about five years ago the total assets of the Association in India amounted to only a few hundred rupees.

W hen corresponding w ith Advertisers please m ention “ First Aid.”

u se d . W h e n t h is w a s firs t trie d , J a n u a r y 9th , 1914, 1 d id n o t lik e it, a n d se t to w o r k a n d p la n n e d the f o llo w in g m e th o d , w h ic h h a s b e e n u s e d fo r th e r e m o v a l o f h u n d re d s o f o u r T o m m ie s w ith o u t a h it c h o f a n y k in d . P r io r to th e a r r iv a l o f a t ra in fo u r o f th e t a lle s t a n d s tro n g e s t m e n a re to ld o ff a s lo a d e r s a n d n u m b e r e d 1, 2, 3 a n d 4, th e la tte r, to e n s u re u n is o n o f m o v e m e n t, g iv e s a ll o rd e rs . T h e y ta k e u p t h e ir p o s it io n s a t th e r e a r o f a n d a b o u t o n e p a c e fro m th e v e h ic le to b e lo a d e d , 1 a n d 2 n e a re s t th e v e h ic le a n d 3 a n d 4 fa rth e st a w a y ; 1 a n d 2 f a c in g 3 a n d 4, le a v in g ro o m fo r a s tr e tc h e r to co m e b e tw e e n th e m . T w o m e n a re to ld o ff fo r th e e x it fro m th e w a r d c a r, if m o re t h a n o n e e x it u s e d tw o m e n fo r e a c h . A l l th e o th e r a v a ila b le m e n a re p a ire d o ff a s s t r e t c h e r b e a r e rs , a n d w ill be s t a n d in g to t h e ir s t r e t c h e r a s th e t r a in r u n s in , re a d y to e n te r th e c a r s a s a llo w e d b y th e O f fic e r - in - C h a r g e o f th e t ra in . T h e s t re t c h e r in v a r ia b ly c o m e s o u t o f th e t ra in feet first. T h e s tre tc h e r b e a r e rs a re in s t ru c t e d to t u r n a w a y fr o m th e w a itin g m o to r o r o th e r v e h ic le s ; it is th e d u t y o f th e m e n s t a t io n e d a t t h e e x it t o s t e a d y t h e s t r e t c h e r d o w n t h e g a n g w a y , a n d w h e n it is p a r a lle l w ith th e t ra in fo r o n e to ta k e h o ld o f th e p o le s o f the s t re t c h e r b e h in d N o . 1 (a t th e fee t) a n d th e o th e r in fro n t

— F I R S T o f N o . 3, (a t th e h e a d ), a llo w in g b o th b e a re rs to tu rn ro u n d (n o w h e e lin g ), T h e h e a d is th e n to w a rd s th e w a itin g v e h ic le . I n s t e p p in g o ff N o . 3 w ill g o o ff w ith th e r ig h t foo t to e n s u re a b r o k e n s te p ; t h e y c a r r y t h e ir b u rd e n b e tw e e n th e fo u r m en te rm e d “ lo a d e r s ” w h o g r a s p th e p o le s. A t a s ig n a l g iv e n b y the m a n in c h a r g e the b e a re rs r e lin q u is h t h e ir s tr e tc h e r a n d d o u b le b a c k fo r a n o th e r. B y t h is m e th o d a h u n d re d s o ld ie rs h a v e b e e n ta k e n fro m a t ra in , lo a d e d in m o to r a n d o th e r v e h ic le s , a n d se n t o ff to H o s p it a l in s id e th e h o u r ; s o m e o f th e m e n w e re c a r r ie d too y a rd s . T o a n y o n e e n g a g e d in th is h u m a n e w o rk I c a n re c o m m e n d th e m e th o d .— I a m , d e a r S ir , Y o u r s t ru ly , W .

A ID . —

January,

1916.

lik e m a d , a n d th e tre e s see m to b e d a n c in g . A ft e r th a t y o u fee l y o u a re b e in g lifte d a n d tw o m e n b e n d in g o v e r yo u . I t is th e n y o u r e a lis e , if y o u h a v e s tre n g th to te a lis e , th a t yo u a re in the h a n d s o f the R e d C ro s s a n d that fro m h e n c e fo rth yo u w ill be lifte d a n d c a r r ie d lik e a c h ild , a n d th a t a ll th a t is g o in g to h a p p e n to y o u lie s at th e d o o r o f th o se m en w h o a re r is k in g t h e ir liv e s to s a v e y o u r s .” F r o m th is p e rio d the a u th o r d e s c r ib e s th e v a r io u s s ta g e s a w o u n d e d F r e n c h s o ld ie r g o e s th r o u g h , w h ic h is o f a b s o r b in g in te re s t th ro u g h o u t.

F IR S T

A ID

TH E

LABO RATO RY

AND

W O RKSHOP.

G ir l in g ,

D iv is io n a l S u p t. (B r ig h t o n ) R a ilw a y D iv is io n S .J . A .B ., a n d A s s is t a n t S e c. L . B . & S . C .R . C e n t re S .J .A .A .

B y A r t h u r A . E ld r id g e , B .S c ., a n d H . V in c e n t A . B r is c o , D .S c . L o n d o n : E d w a r d A r n o ld .

Price is. net.

R eview s. P H IL IP S ’

PO PULAR OF

TH E

E d it e d b y W illia m

M ANN IKIN : HUM AN

M O DEL

BODY.

S. F u r n e a u x , a u t h o r o f “ A n im a l

P h y s io lo g y ,” & c ., & e. L o n d o n : G e o . P h ilip & S o n , L td .

T h e a u t h o rs o f th is b o o k , w h o h a v e b e e n in c h a rg e o f a first a id o r g a n is a tio n in c h e m ic a l a n d p h y s ic a l la b o ra t o rie s , h a v e fo u n d th a t e x is t in g b o o k s o n first a id d o n o t d e a l in s u ffi c ie n t d e ta il w ith the s p e c ia l c a s e s w h ic h a re m et w ith in c h e m ic a l w o rk s , s u c h a s b u r n s p ro d u c e d b y c h e m ic a l a g e n ts, in ju r ie s to the e ye, p o is o n in g , e tc. F r a n k ly , we t h in k th is b o o k d o e s n o t e x te n d its sc o p e m u c h b e y o n d the tre a tm e n ts la id d o w n in the o r d in a r y t e x t b o o k s , w ith th e e x c e p tio n th a t it g iv e s th e tre a tm e n ts o f p o is o n in g o f a v a r ie t y o f c h e m ic a ls w h ic h ca n be g e n e r a lly c o v e re d b y g e n e ra l tre a tm e n t fo r p o is o n in g . T h e c h a p te r o n b u r n s a n d s c a ld s is d is p e n s e d w ith o n tw o p a g e s.

Price 3s. 6d. net. F IR S T T h e a b o v e is a s c h o la r ly - c o m p ile d tre a tise o n the h ig h ly , im p o r t a n t s u b je c t o f the h u m a n b o d y , a n d p re s e n ts an illu s t r a t e d r e p re s e n ta tio n w ith f u ll a n d d e s c r ip t iv e le tte rp re s s , th a t s h o u ld p ro v e in v a lu a b le to th o se w h o se b u s in e s s it is to d is s e m in a t e k n o w le d g e o f th is n a t u re to th e s tu d e n t. The w o r k is d iv id e d in to ten s e c tio n s , to g e th e r w ith a k e y to the m o d e l, a n d a ls o c o n ta in s s e v e ra l c o lo u re d p la te s. In the in t r o d u c t o r y r e m a r k s th e c o m p o s it io n o f th e b o d y is d e a lt w ith . R e fe r e n c e is t ra d e to th e s k in , a n d so m e v e r y in t e re s tin g in fo r m a t io n is fo r t h c o m in g w ith r e g a r d to t h is s u b je c t ; w h ile th e t h ir d s e c tio n d e a ls w ith the s k e le to n , in c lu d in g p a r t ic u la r s o f th e v e r t e b r a l c o lu m n , th e s k u ll, fra m e w o rk o f the ch e st, u p p e r a n d lo w e r lim b s a n d jo in t s a n d lig a m e n ts . T h e k e y to th e m o d e l o f th e h u m a n b o d y in d e x e s the o r g a n s o f th e c h e st a n d a b d o m e n , th e a n t e r io r m u s c le s o f the b o d y , th e h e a rt a n d b lo o d -v e s s e ls , the n e rv o u s sy ste m , the s k e le to n , a n d th e in t e r n a l o rg a n s , a ll m o re o r le s s c o lo u re d to e m p h a s is e th e d e s c r ip t iv e m a tte r.

TH E

W O UNDED

FREN CH

S O L D IE R .

A ID

G LAN CE.

A d a p te d fro m th e F r e n c h b y C la r a B lo u n t , C o m m a n d a n t V . A . D . S u s s e x 68. ■ L o n d o n : G o o d , L td .

Price id. T h i s p a m p h le t g iv e s the o u t lin e s o f firs t a id tre a tm e n t. I t is a v e r y h a n d y lit tle b o o k w h ic h c a n b e c a r r ie d in the p o ck e t, a n d s h o u ld s e rv e a u s e fu l p u rp o s e a s a id s to m e m o ry to th o se w h o h a v e a k n o w le d g e a f first a id . I t s p r ic e h a s a lo t to r e c o m m e n d it.

M e s s r s . C h a r le s L e tt s & C o . h a v e c o m p ile d a d ia r y a n d n o te b o o k on b e h a lf o f the B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie t y s u ita b le fo r m e m b e rs o f V . A . D . I t r o n t a in s a w id e ra n g e o f in f o r m a tio n o n s u b je c ts o f in te re s t to a ll R e d C r o s s w o rk e rs , b o th at h o m e a n d a b ro a d . P ro fit s o n th e s a le o f the p u b lic a tio n w ill b e d e v o te d to the fu n d s o f the R e d C r o s s S o c ie ty , a n d it c a n b e o b ta in e d fro m a ll b o o k s e lle r s a n d s ta tio n e rs .

B y D io n C la y t o n C a lth r o p . L o n d o n : T h e S t. C a t h e r in e P re s s .

Price is . 6d. net. T h i s lit tle b o o k , w h ic h is p u b lis h e d in a id o f th e F r e n c h R e d C r o s s , is a n in t e re s t in g a n d d e s c r ip t iv e s to r y o f the w o r k o f th e F r e n c h R e d C ro s s . I t g iv e s th e a u t h o r’s im p r e s s io n s o f a t o u r o f th e b a ttle fie ld s a n d a d e s c r ip t io n o f so m e o f the r u in e d c it ie s o f N o r t h e r n F r a n c e . H e d e s c rib e s v e r y v iv id ly a m a n ’s e x p e r ie n c e o f b e in g w o u n d e d , w h ic h is a s p e c im e n o f h is s ty le : — “ J u s t fo r a s e c o n d o r so y o u w ill n ot k n o w w h e re y o u h a v e b e e n h it, b u t y o u w ill fee l a n u m b e d , s tu n n e d s e n s a tio n , a n d w ill re a lis e , w ith s u r p r is e , th a t th e m a n n e x t to y o u is g e t t in g s lo w ly w h ite a n d th a t a d a r k s t a in is s p r e a d in g a c r o s s th e fro n t o f h is tu n ic . T h e n y o u w ill s m e ll th e c u r io u s sw e e t s m e ll o f b lo o d , a n d fin d y o u r o w n h a n d s t ic k y , a n d see th a t i t is c o v e r e d w ith b lo o d a n d th a t y o u c a n n o t h o ld y o u r rifle . T h e s c e n e th e n b e c o m e s c o n fu s e d a n d y o u r a rm b e g in s to th ro b

At a smoking concert held at Worksop on January 13th, arranged by the local Division of the Brigade and Worksop Volunteer Citizen Army, the main feature was the presentation of a handsome silver cup to First Class Sergt.-Major H. Makin, of the local ambulance Division. T he cup, the gift of Mrs. Wetwan, of Bridlington, is annually awarded to the member obtaining the largest number of recruits during the year. This is Sergt.-Major Makin’s second victory, l'he recipient has had a remark able career in ambulance circles. He has seen no less than twenty years’ service with the Worksop Division.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH ADVEE TISERS PLEASE MENTION “ FIRST AID.’’

— F I R S T

January, 1916.

FIRST-AID

137

A I D . —

FOREIGN or HOME SERVICE.

U R longstanding intimacy with the varying condi tions of Nursing Service in all parts of the World is at the present time put to a very practical account in our Special Nurses’ Equipment Section. All Nurses, both Professional and Voluntary, who are taking up duties abroad or at home are invited to take full advant age of our knowledge of just those things that will be found so essential for their comfort and proper equipment.

A B L A N D & P A IN L E S S — IO D IN E D R E S S I N G . — As eptic.

A ntise p tic.

I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

IO D E X has been supplied to : H .M . F l e e t S u r g e o n s , R .A .M .C . Surgeons, Red C r o s s S u r g e o n s , Croix R o u g e Francaise B e l g i a n F ie ld h o s p i t a l s ,

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating F r e e Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

F r e n c h F ie ld H o s p i t a l s , N um erous M ilitary H o s p it a ls , M e m b e r s of St. John A m b u lan ce.

C O M P L E T E RED CROSS O U T F I T S A L W A Y S IN S T O C K . C a ll, 'P h o n e o r W r ite fo r I llu s t r a te d C atalogue.

IODEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/1J.

Hospital & General Contracts Co., Ltd.

I O D E X lias benefitted thefollowing and numerous other conditions. E n la r g e d G la n d s . G o itr e . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s itis . S y n o v it is . S c ia tic a , N e u r it is , G ou t, R h e u m a to id A r t h r it is , H y d r o c e le . P a r a s it ic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o r m , C h ilb la in s , A cn e, B o ils , M u m p s , S p r a in s , AND

A L L

IN F L A M M A T O R Y

L ite ra tu re

(N u rses’ E q u ip m e n t

C O N D ITIO N S.

a p p lic a tio n

S e c t i o n ) , Dept. 6.

21, MORTIMER STREET, W 'P h o n e: M U S E U M 3/40-1.

to—

Agents f o r the well-known Benduble Shoes.

Menley & James, L t d . A K s r ir 1’

Aids to Memory lo r ‘ First Aid’ Students. B y L . M . F r a n k C h r i s t i a n , M .B ., C .M . E d in . Author (join tly v ith IV.R .E.) o f “ Prob lem s in F irst A id ," S t. John A m b A sso c.

S e v e n t h E d it io n n o w r e a d y .

The

Great

Question

REGARDING

Uniform s&Equipm ents for A m b u l a n c e Co r ps is — W I L L T H E Y W E A R ? I f th e y a re m a d e b y H a z e l th e a n s w e r e m p h a t ic a lly is Y E S ! — b e c a u s e th e H o u s e o f H a z e l la id the fo u n d a tio n o f its r e p u ta tio n a c e n t u r y a g o u p o n T H O R O U G H N E S S , a n d h a s r ig id ly a d h e re d to th a t p r in c ip le to t h is d a y . L e t H a z e l’s q u o te fo r a n y u n ifo rm s e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e m e n ts of the

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE B rigade, all r a n k s Red Cross, and

of t h e R.A.M.C , B r i t i s h kindred organisations.

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

“ N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r fe a r h e w ill g o l u s t y i f h e w ill t a k e an o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f t h e m e n ta l m ix tu r e c o n t a in e d w it h in th e c o v e r s o f th is s p le n d id hook . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e t te r u t ilis a t io n o f s p a c e , a b e t te r t r e a t is e o n t h is subject c o u ld n o t h e w r it te n . . . t h e h o o k fo r a l l , w h e t h e r o ld h a n d s or s t u d e n t s .” “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a r v o ’ o f th e g r e a t e s t v a lu e ." P rice : In C loth , 6d. net— b y post 7<h

In L e ath er, 2s. net— b y post 2s. 2d.

S t o c k p o r t : C o n n e l l & B a il e y , L t d ., “ E x p r e ss O f f ic e , S t . P b t e k s S ql a n d The St. John Ambulance Association, S t . J o h n ’ s G a t h , L o n d o n .

3 h e 3 n d ia n

J lt n b u la n c e G a z e tte .

A J o u r n a l o f A m b u la n ce W o rk in I n d ia , B u r m a a n d the E a s t.

P ric e 2 s h i l l i n g s p e r a n n u m

p o st f re e .

P u b l i s h e d Q u a r t e r ly . Can be obtained on atplication to the E d itor, Jutogh, Sim la H ills, India

HORLICK’S -

MALTED MILK

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S I N G .

CONTRACTORS

H M.

16, N ile S t r e e t , C i t y

GOVERNM ENT.

Ro a d,

LONDON, N.

Branches :— 51a. B erners S treet, O xford S treet, L O N D O N , W .; 6, Y o rk P la c e , L E E D S ; 84, M iller S tre e t, G L A S G O W ; and 137, L o n g m a rk e t S treet, C A P E T O W N .

arv

C on tain s a ll th e food v alu e o f pure full-cream m ilk enriched and m odified w ith th e solu ble n u tritive e x tra c ts o f ch o ice m alted cereals. T h e ratio o f protein to carb o h y d rate and its perfect d ig e stib ility com m end this food as a reliab le recon stru ctive w h ich m a y be g iv en fre e ly in sep tic conditions and su rg ic a l cases.

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T . R E Q U R I E S N O C O O K I N G . L ib era l Sam ples J o r tr ia l w ill be sent to the Profession Post Eree on application.

H o r lic k 's M a l t e d M ilk Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

— F I R S T

(pueries and Answers Correspondents.

January, 191 6.

A ID . —

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following r u les:— 1 . — Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope “ Query," and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon” cut from the current issue of the Journal, or in case o f Queries from abroad from a recent issue. 3 .— Queries arc invited on F irst-A id , H om e-Nursing and HomeHygicne as these are o f general interest. These w ill be answered in F i r s t A i d i f space permits. 4 .— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

A . B . — W h y is a p p lic a t io n o f c o ld to n a p e o f n e c k re c o m m e n d e d fo r b le e d in g fro m n o s e ? T h e c o ld s tim u la t e s th e H e a t C e n t re , w h ic h is s itu a te d in t h is r e g io n o f the s p in a l c o rd , a n d so in d ir ectly b r in g s a b o u t c o n tr a c t io n o f th e p e r ip h e r a l v e s s e ls .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r _

C . H . — I n a c a s e o f s im p le fra c t u re o f tw o u p p e r r ib s f ra c t u r e d c la v ic le o f s a m e s id e , h o w s h o u ld F ir s t A id be r e n d e r e d a s to b a n d a g in g a n d p o s it io n o f th e p a t ie n t ? T r e a t the fra c t u r e d c la v ic le a n d th e r ib s w ill lo o k a fte r t h e m s e lv e s ! T h e S t. J o h n S lin g w ill p re v e n t m u s c u la r s tr a in o n the r ib s , a n d th e t ra n s v e r s e b a n d a g e , b y f ix in g the a rm to th e b o d y , w ill s e rv e th e p u rp o s e o f the tw o b a n d a g e s u s u a lly a p p lie d fo r s im p le fra c t u re o f rib s . T h e a tten tion to d e ta il o f t h is Q u e r y is c o m m e n d e d .— N. C o rb e t F le tc h e r .

J . F . (S it t in g b o u r n e ).— U n d e r n o c ir c u m s t a n c e s c a n a V . A . U . a u x ilia r y h o s p ita l fly th e R e d C r o s s fla g u n le s s it h a s s p e c ia l a u t h o r it y fro m the W a r O ffice .

St. John Ambulance

Brigade has made such

rapid progress in India of recent years that it has been found necessary to appoint a Commissioner, and we under stand Sir Pardey Lukis has accepted the office.

to the members of the Bombay Corps, he said the appoint ment was not in any way intended to deprive the various superintendents of

their powers or in any way

interfering with the internal management of the various brigades and divisions.

A w o u n d e d soldi er wr ot e the o t he r d a y : “ I f p eo p l e only k n e w the o-ood that H a l l ’s W i n e does, e v e r y b o d y wo u ld be t a k i n g it.” The very strongest of us needs some re inforcement for our strength under the burdens of anxiety and strains we bear to-day. Hall’s Wine gives the very help you need, gives it rightly and pleasantly, without fa il. It has proved a friend to thousands since the war began, bringing strength to those who carry on at home, working marvels for our invalids from the front. Let it help you—-from to-day. A w ell-kn ow n D o ctor w rites: “ It is im possible to take H a ll’s W in e w ithout being benefitted.”

In refer

ring to this at a recent presentation of Long Service medals

district

A Soldier’sWord!

The only advantage in having a

Commissioner for all India would be with a view to co ordinating the work, thus placing the Brigade on a firm and solid basis with a view to future developments, which would not only he of advantage to the Order of St. John but the whole British Empire.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH ADVER TISERS PLEASE MENTION “FIRST AID.”

HallsWine The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b ottle o f H a ll’s W in e to-d ay. If, after tak in g half, y o u feel no real benefit, return us the h alf-em p ty b o ttle, and w e w ill refund you r entire ou tlay.

L arge size , y/6. O f W ine M erchants , and Grocers a n d Chem ists w ith W ine Licences. S T E P H E N S M I T H & C O ., L T D ., BOW , LO N D O N .

January, 1916,

—FIRST

AI D. —

i 39

HUMPHREYS’ SECTIONAL BUILDINGS

T e le p h o n e No

6447 K e n sin g to n . 3 L in e s .

T e le g ra m s : “ H u m p h re y s , K n ig h ts h r id g e , London, ’ *

Portion of Australian Hospital ( 1,000 Beds), Harefield Park, Middlesex, on Humphreys’ Sectional Building System.

The Latest and Best System of Building’s for Mobile Hospitals. Convenient for Transport. Quickly Erected or Dismantled. Reasonable in Price. Immediate Delivery from Stock.

HUMPHREYS LTD., KNICHTSBRIDGE, LONDON, S.W.

FOR MOBILE HOSPITALS.

140

— F I R S T P ric o 6 d . n e t.

NOTES

ON By

P ost fro o 7 d _

FIRST S id n e y

AID H.

SIMPLIFIED.

Lamb.

A Handbook in a tabulated and simplified form giving the main points ot first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student. DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., L td ., 46, C a n n o n S t.

LONDON, E.C.

AID. —

January, 1916

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects, S e c o n d - H a n d at H alf Prices. N ew at 25 per cent. --------------- ■ — discount. Catalogues free. State wants. books sent cn approval, books bought. W . & Q . F O Y L E • 21 and 123, C haring Cross Road, London, W .C .

IMPORTANT BOOKS DEALING WITH FIRST-AID. THE

COMPLETE

MANIKIN.

H A N M E R ’S

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2 s . net; postage, 2d. T H E TR IAN G U LAR B A N D A G E : Its Application shown by Words and Diagrams.

Illustrated Ambulance Lecture.

Illus. Price, is . net, postage 2d. AID S T O H O M E -N U R S IN G

SEASON BOOKED

HOW ARD

PRESTO N ,

D em onstrator to the Polytechnic.

116

B y N. C O R B E T

FLETCH ER,

B .A ., M .B . , M .R .C .S .

Ilome-hursing Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. Post free, 7 d . A ID S T O F I R S T - A I D .

1915 16 UP!! !

B y th e S am e A u th o r.

A Compendium of Aids to Memoiy, invaluable to all Students. 2nd Edition. With an introduction by James Cantlie, F.R.C.S. Post free, 7 <i. W H Y A N D W H E R E F O R E IN F I R S T - A I D . B y th e S am e A u th o r.

Difficulties in Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer. Royal i6mo. Post free, 7d. AN IN D E X O F FIR S T-A ID .

Particulars, id. stamp to C.

HANMER,

By J.

205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N

R otherham.

Wires : Hanmer, Ambulance, Gold horpe.

Best Stretcher on the Market. BE ST QUALITY CANVAS.

SPRIN G

GEARING W HEELS.

Price iSX 2s (A S

S U P P L IE D

H .M .

6d.

G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t D u ra b le S t r e tc h e r for B o y S c o u ts , 12s.

HELPS

(L a te P o a d , H

elps

6d.

& Co.),

S t . P h i l i p s B r id g r e , B R I S T O L . M a k e rs ot A m b u la n c e W a g o n s a n d R e q u is ite s .

P O STAL IN S TR U C TIO N in “ PRESCRIPTION READING ” and “ ELEM ENTARY DISPENSIN G.” Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should tsd<e up the above Courses at once. A member of S.J.A.B. writes:— “ I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such.” (T.B ) S pecial te rm s n o w —half fees— t o members of S.J.A .B ., &c. A pply (stamp) to M r . J. E . W a l d e n , Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispensers Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874), 112 . S t . G e o r g e ’s R oa d , S o u t h w a r k , L o n d o n .

Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark • tl Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 16s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse. OR SALE, a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 5s. ud. a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

M. C A R V E LL,

M .R .C .S .,

L .S .A .L o n d .

A vade-mecum for the Ambulance Worker. Fcap.8vo. Post free, i s . 2 d . F I R S T - A I D A N A T O M I C A L D IA G R A M S . Twehe in set, on Roller. Post fiee, 2 S . t o d . Each Diagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. THE

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Introduction by James C a n tlie , F.R.C.S.

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PRACTICAL IN S TR U C TIO N IN C U T T I N G O U T AND M AKING UP HO SPITAL GAR M ENTS FOR SICK A N D W O U N D E D By

M IS S

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PEEK.

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E S T A B L IS H E D

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F IR ST AID.

The Independent Journal tor the Ambulance and Nursing Services. Edited by A R T H U R -----------------------------------1--------------- — — ---------

No. 2 6 0 . — V o l . X X I I To

Our

DALE.

~ :------------------------------------------------------------F E B R U A R Y , 1916. [ E n u r t d a t s t a n o n . n ' H a ii. \

[N ew S e r ie s .]

P R IC E TW [m P e r Annum, p o s t F r e e

mention this to in any way detract from the excellent work

Readers.

“ First Aid ” is published on the 20th of every month.

which has and is being done by the Society, for it has undertaken activities of extraordinary range and volume,

but we do so in fairness to the O rder of St. John, and to dispel a common error which exists. 1 his fact should be

All articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot

is playing in this war should be realised by the nation.

the Editor.

has been undertaken by the O rd er apart from the Joint

S u b s c rip tio n s , A d v e r t is e m e n t s a n d o th e r b u s in e s s c o m m u n ic a tio n s co n n e c te d w ith F i r s t A i d sh o u ld b e a d d re s s e d to th e

Publishers,

W e therefore propose to deal with some of the work which Committee.

F o r the past eighteen m onths its work has

been colossal, and the La d ie s’ Com m ittee, of w hich H e r M ajesty the Queen is President, A deline, D uchess of B ed

D A LE, REYNOLDS & CO., L t d . , 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E.C.

ford, Chairm an, and Lady Perrott, La d y Superintendent-inC h ie f of the W om en’s V o lnntary A id Detachm ents of the

EDITORIAL.

S .J.A .B ., has shown a capacity for organisation and unre m itting hard work which compels adm iration.

O u r National Organisation, the “ R ed “ Red Cross.”

widely known, for although the O rder of St. Jo h n carries on its work quietly and unostentatiously, the part w hich it

C ro ss,” which has been on the lips of everyone since the commencement of

the war, is an institution, the constitution of which the general public has little conception, and it would not be out of place to give a few details of its creation. At the outset of the war the B ritish R ed Cross Society and the O rder Of St. Joh n were working independently of of each other in the relief of the sick and wounded, but early in October of 1914, at the request of the W ar Office,

It has sup

plied hospital clothing and comforts, articles of surgical and m edical equipm ent to the 200 V .A .D . hospitals which are connected with the St. 828,968 articles.

John,

and

has

distributed

T h e St. John A m bulance B rigade has

since the outhreak of war supplied to the N aval and M edical Services 21,608 hospital o rd e rlie s; thus the B rigade con spicuously effective in time of peace is rendering very effective and material aid in the time of war. No. 11 D istrict of the Brigade has raised the

130th

F ie ld A m bulance of the 38th W elsh D ivision , the p erso n n el

the efforts of the two Societies were co-ordinated, and a

being composed entirely of men of the Brigade.

Joint W ar Committee composed of an equal num ber of members of the two Societies was formed, this Joint Com-

two hospitals in F ran ce entirely m aintained by the Order, and the members of the Brigade and Association Overseas

mitteee being responsible for the adm inistration of the

are serving practically in every theatre of war.

funds placed at its disposal by a generous

mention many other activities of the Order, but space

other words, the Joint Comm ittee constituted the R ed W e pub

precludes us from doing so. It only rem ains to add that this record shows that

lished in the last issue of F ir s t A id details of the report of

every effort is being made successfully to meet all the

the Joint Committee, which shows the adm irable way in

exceptional calls made

which it has handled and adm inistered the funds entrusted

emergency, and that it has been an invaluable institution

to i t ; but the point we wish to emphasise here is, that

to the country in this crisis.

since the R e d Cross of the Geneva Convention is em bodied

generally recognised, so that when the words R e d C ro ss

in the badge of the B ritish R e d Cross Society, it is a

are m entioned they are understood to convey

Cross Organisation of the U n ite d Kingdom .

public.

It has

W e could

upon the O rder in the present W e want these facts to be to

the

common error to ascribe all the activities of the Joint W ar

general public that the O rder shares in the great responsi

Committee to the B ritish R ed Cross Society, whereas they

bility of adm inistering to the relief of the sick and wounded

ate equally shared by the Order of St. Jo h n .

in war,

W e do not

142

- F I R S T 3"he Srand 9*riorij of the 0rder of the Jtospital of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sttgland. AM B U L A N C E

Jh e

No. A ctin g

S t.

1 District.

deputy

Jo h n

DEPARTMENT.

.Ambulance

Brigade.

DUTY ROSTER.

co m m issio n er

------

W IN N Y .

M A R C H , 1916. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 5th.— No.47 Division, L.B. & S.C.R., W illow W alk. „ 12th.— No. 15 „ East Ham. „ 19th.— No. 20 „ Hampstead. „ 26th.— No. 4 „ Leyton and Leytonstone. 2.30 p.m. to 6 p.m. As per separate oiders. Key St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. D U T Y A T K IN G G E O R G E ’S H O S P IT A L . Volunteers are required from Nursing Divisions for this Hospital. The hours of duty are from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m. one week, and 2 to 8 p.m. the following week. Travelling expenses will be paid. Names should be sent to the Lady Supt.-in-Chief, at St. John’s Gate. M IL IT A R Y H O M E H O S P IT A L S R E S E R V E . The W ar Office have intimated that owing to Lord Derby’s Scheme, alterations in the supply of personnel for the Arm y Medical Service have been found necessary, consequently no further calls for men for service in the R.A.M .C. through the M ilitary Home Hospitals Reserve will be made for some time. A ll men attested under Lord Derby’s Scheme, who have enrolled in the M .H .H .R ., must therefore join the unit or branch of the Army they have selected or to which they have been detailed when called up under their group. They are, however, eligible to join the R .A.M .C. through their groups if at the time vacancies in that Corps exist. M O N T E N E G R IN R E D C R O S S M E D A L . Members of the District will learn with pleasure that Pte. Lines, of the Walthamstow Division, and Pte. Rosenblatt, of the East London Division, have been awarded the Montenegrin Red Cross Medal by the Montenegrin Govern ment. P R O M O T IO N S . The following promotions which have not previously been published, have been made in the No. 1 D is tric t:— Ambulance Officer S. J. W arren, No. 20 D ivision (H am p stead), to be Corps Secretary, No. I District. To Ambulance Officer— Sergt. E. T. Milburn, No. 20 Division. To Sergeant— Cpls. G. R. Richardson, No. 11 D ivisio n ; W. J. Gobey, No. 13 Division ; C. M. Fowler, No. 20 Division; T. S t e v e n s o n , No. 19 D ivisio n ; H. Simons, No. 72 Division. To A cting-Sergeant-Pte. P. G. Jones, No. 29 Division. To Corporals — Ptes. H. E. Clements, J. R. Blackwell, W. Cheshire, E. Standing, of No. 19 Division ; Pte. A. J. Green, No. 45 Division ; Ptes. C. W. J. Taylor, A. E. Blarney, and B. C. Tomes, No. 28 Division. Nursing Divisions.— To be Lady Divisional Supt.— Mary the Viscountess Falkland, No. 33 Division. To Nursing Officers— Nursing Sisters Mrs. G. Goodser, B. Songest, K. Bates, A. James, No. 13 D ivisio n ; Mrs. F. Brennan, No. 7 Division ; E. Cole, D. Finch, and A. Tucker, No. 26 Division ; R. F. May and L. Haines, No. 19 Division. (Signed)

W . H. W IN N Y ,

A ctin g Deputy-Com m issioner.

AI D. —

Feb ruar y, 1916.

No. 44 ( W e s t L o n d o n ) D i v i s i o n .— On January 25th Mr. E. Bruce Ball presided at a concert and presentation in connection with the Division at the Churchfield Hall, Acton. The room was well filled, the proceeds being devoted to the fund for purchasing uniforms, equipment, &c. The programme, which was a long one, was much appreciated by the audience piesent, many encores being demanded. D uring the interval, the Chairman (Mr. E. Bruce Ball) read a few details of the work of the Division. A Home Nursing Class was examined in October last, 32 candidates were successful, 16 being Brigade members. For the three classes organised during the year, the percentage of passes was over 90. Messrs. Napier had placed at the disposal of the Division a van, quickly convertible into an ambulance capable of accommodating four loaded stretchers, for use on air raid duties. Acting-Supt. E. A. Dalston was appointed as Officer, taking full command in April last. Under his charge the Division had considerably increased in numbers. Mr. H. W. W inny (Acting Deputy Commissioner) said he did not intend to make a speech, but would like to say how pleased he was to present the certificates. To those who had from passed their examination for first aid and home nursing, and were not yet members of the Brigade, he would say that the knowledge acquired would need to be kept up, and there was no better way of doing this than joining the Brigade. The West London Division was much to be complimented on its smartness. It was not only the soldiers who were making sacrifices, concluded the speaker ; the men of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were giving up their time all over the world to be of use to their fellow men, and their work was one of the grandest known.

No. 2 District.

D IS T R IC T M ilita r y

H ome

ORDERS.

H o spita ls

R eserve.

The W ar Office have intimated that, owing to Lord Derby's Scheme, alterations in the supply of personnel for the Army Medical Service have been found necessary ; con sequently no further calls for men for seivice in the R.A.M .C., through the M ilitary Home Hospitals Reserve, will be made for some time. A ll men attested under Lord Derby’s Scheme, who have enrolled in the M ilitary Home Reserve, must therefore join the unit or branch of the Army they have selected, or to which they have been detailed, when called up under their group. They are, however, eligible to join the R.A.M .C. through their group if at any time vacancies in that Corps exist. R oyal

N a v a l A u x il ia r y S ick B e r t h R e se r v e a n d t h e R o y a l N a v a l D iv isio n .

A notification of the probable requiiements in the future for the above will be forwarded later. C orps and

D iv isio n a l A p p o in t m e n t s .

It is notified for information that all future appointments in Corps and Divisions, with the exception of the posts of Inspector of Stores and Treasurer, will not be ratified by the Deputy Commissioner until the member has passed a written examination on Brigade General Regulations. Syllabus of any particular examination will be supplied on application to the Deputy Commissioner by Officers or Members in Charge. D eaths of M embers of th e

B r ig a d e .

Officers and Members in Charge are asked to report to the Deputy Commissioner immediately he receives notification respecting the death of a member of his or her Division. The member’s period of Brigade service should be given, as well as a short obituary notice. Salutes.

Brigade Standing Orders No. 10, page 35 of Brigade General Regulations, should be thoroughly understood by all ranks ; Corps and Divisional Officers are asked to see that the men under them are fully acquainted with and carry out the same. N.C-0 ’s should also be addressed by their rank and

- F I R S T

February, 19 1 6

nam e—e.g., “ Sergeant Smith,” “ Corporal Jones,” and net by their Christian or Surnames only. This should be observed by all ranks on every occasion when members are in uniform.

AI D. —

143

Ptes. W. H. Bates, J. Howard, E . Hughes, J. Summerfield, E. Toseland, H. W ills. Died at Suvla Bay Pte. Dyson. A ll R. 4 .M.C., Med. Ex. Force.

T ra n s fe rs .

Cases having occurred where members are transferred to and from Divisions in this District without the knowledge of the Deputy Commissioner, attention of Officers in Charge is drawn to Brigade General Regulations, No. 22, paragraph 3, which states : —“ Members transferring to other Divisions or Brigade Overseas should be suppliea with a personal Record Sheet B. F. 4, filled up under the various headings, and signed by his Divisional Superintendent and by himselI, and approved by the D eputy Commissioner."

Part of the second paragraph No. 2 must also be observed. It person who is, or has been, enrolled of the Brigade shall be allowed to Division without the consent o f the

of General Regulations reads :— “ . . . and no in any Corps or Division join any other Corps or

D eputy Commissioner in •whose D istrict he or she last served.” {Signed) John

G r if f it h s,

D eputv Commissioner.

Headquarters :— Redland Park House, Bristol. No. 3 District. K e t t e r i n g .— The strength of this Headquarters Division has been reduced by men ioining H is Majesty’s Naval and

T a m w o r t h . — T his Division held a most successful whist drive and dance at the Town H a ll on Jan. 26th. At the finish of the whist drive the Mayoress presented the prizes. D iv i sional Surgeon and Supt. D r. M cColl thanked the M ayor and Mayoiess for their support, and went on to state that he desired to publicly thank Lieut. Journet, R.A .M .C., M .H .H .R ., for his services in re-organising the D ivision and instructing them in brigade work. He desired to state that a number of members were now in uniform purchased by themselves, and were doing public duty in the borough. The proceeds of the evening were to be devoted to equip ment. He further went on to thank the Committee, which had worked for the success of the evening. The Mayor, in a few remarks, spoke encouraging words to the members of the Division, stating that their services would be greatly appreciated in the borough, and that they were deserving of every support, and he wished the movement every future success. The whist drive was followed by a most successful dance which finished up at 3 a.m. The result of the evening showed a net profit of f \ 9s. The Mayor acted as M.C. for the whist drive, and Pte.Smith, S.J.A.B., M.C. for the dance.

The Napier motor ambulance van which the Napier Co. has placed at the disposal of the No. 44 (West London) Division, to be used in the event of hostile air raids. On the extreme right is Acting-Supt. E. G. Dalston and next to him Mr. E. Bruce Ball, W orks Manager of the Napier Co. Military Forces to under a dozen members. Brigade members on active service were not forgotten at the Festive Season, and they and their wives received substantial Christmas greetings from their fellow members at home. Two Classes for First Aid Certificates were held at the end of the year under the supervision of Dr. L. W. Dryland and Dr. O. Van Vestrant, and thanks to the careful tuition of Staff-Sergt. C. W . Curtis and Corporal W. Dyson, fifty-four certificates were awarded by the examiner, Dr. Audland. From the successful candidates it is hoped to strengthen the Division. Roll of Honour.— Members of the Kettering Corps, Headquarters Division S.J.A.B., who have died in the execution of their duty. Drowned in “ Royal Edward,” /Egean Sea: —

No. 5 District. B o s t o n .— A smoking concert was held on January 21st, Mr. G. Enderby occupied the chair and was supported by D ivisional Supts. W. J. Husson and W. Stanley Dickinson, and Ambulance Officers A. Hackford and L . M. Gaze, and a large company of non-commissioned officers and men was present. It was a fitting occasion on which to celebrate the resumption of Brigade duties now being undertaken by Divisional Supt. W. J. Husson, after a long and tiring illness There were many expressions of the excellent work done in the past by Supt. W. J. Husson, and all hoped he would be able to continue as an active worker for a long time to come It was known that Divisional Snpt. W . S. Dickinson was about

J 44

— F I R S T

to leave the Division very shoitly for active service, he having joined the London Artists’ Rifles (O .T.C.) preparatory to re ceiving a commission offered him. A ll present felt that it was with extreme regret the Division had to part with such an ex cellent officer, and trusted it would be only for a short time. In wishing him God-speed and a safe return, Supt. W. J. Husson then presented, on behalf of the officers, non commissioned officers and men of the Division, an attache case containing first aid requisites to Supt. W . S. Dickinson, to which Supt. Dickinson suitably responded. No. 6 District.

In connection with the Voluntary and Transport Organ isation of the District, a motor ambulance garage has been opened at Newcastle. The garage provides accommodation for twelve cars and two trailers, which constitute a complete unit. Mr. C. B. Palmer, in addressing the assembly on the occasion of the opening ceremony, said the new garage marked another onward step in the work of the S.J.A.B. in the North of England. In the northern district, he said, their present membership exceeded 10,000. Of these 4,000 men were serving with the forces in medical units, and 58 women were serving in the m ilitary hospitals at home and abroad. Mr. Palmer alluded specially to Mrs. Mullen, of Gosforth, who had been awarded the Gold Medal of the Montenegro Red Cross Society by the Queen of Montenegro, and had also received the Royal Medal of the Order of Prince Danlo at the hands of Montenegro’s king. In addition to these totals, 4,000 members, of both sexes, were working in connection with the V.A.D . The men were mostly assisting the work of transport on the arrival of the wounded at various northern centres, whilst the women were largely engaged in the hospitals. There were 20 St. John Hospitals in the north, wherein were 1,289 beds, and 10,000 British soldiers and sailors had received treatment. Mr. Palmer dealt with the progress in the transport work, describ ing how, after first using the works and colliery horse ambul ances, they had received gifts of motors from time to time through the generosity of private gentlemen and thej‘general public. They had now eleven cars, including two stationed at Sunderland; and two cars and four other cars were supplied by private owners at Sunderland. There had been need for a garage, as it was inconvenient for the cars to be distributed over the town. They had been able to take that garage through the help received from the city and district on the Flag Day. A Northern Counties W ar Exhibition, organised by the S.J.A.B. and the British Red Cross is being held at Newcastle from Feb. 19th to March n th , which will be in aid of the funds of the branches of the swo societies. The exhibition embraces sections relating to Trophies of W ar, Women’s Work, St. John Ambulance Brigade and Red Cross Work, Food and Hygiene, Equipment, Maritime and Aerial Section and Art Galleries and’ Cartoons. The patronage which has been afforded the E x h i bition should make it a great success. No. 7 District. R O L L o f H o n o u r .— The following men rom No. 7 District have given their lives for their country since the begin ning of the war Pte. H. R. Evans and Pte. W. G. Hughes both belonging to the E ryri (W elsh name for Snowdon) D iv i sion, the former serving with the Mediterranean Force and the latter with the 14th Casualty Clearing Station ; also Pte George Overton, of Chirk Division, died of disease whilst serving with the R.A .M .C. A ll these men were mobilised from the M .H .H .R . There may be other names to add to this list and if any reader is aware of such would he please write to the Acting Deputy Commissioner, Dr. S. Hamilton, Newport Mon. r ’

No. 10 District. L o w e s t o f t .—

The first annual report of the Division

AID. —

February, 1916

shows an excellent year’s work, and that the members have progressed rapidly under the tuition of the Hon. Surgeon, Mr. J. C. Mead, and the Division Supt. T. E. Foort. E arly last year some fifteen members joined the East Anglian Casualty Clearing Hospital, and it has to be regretted that no less than twelve of these lost their lives through the sinking of the trans port Royal Edward. In addition to those already alluded to, two privates left for service in the Royal Hospital, Woolwich, one of whom has since been promoted to corporal, while in July another private joined the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital for service in France, and in September five privates joined the 1st Birmingham W ar Hospital. No. 12 (Irish) District. C i t y o f D u b l i n N u r s i n g D i v i s i o n .— On Feb. 1st a most enjoyable evening was held at the Cafe Cairo in order to make a presentation to Mrs. Middleton Curtis, Corps Treasurer. The presentation took the form of an illuminated address, an album of all the subscribers’ names, and a lovely gold watch wristlet with inscription. Nearly all the present and many past members gathered together. Dr. Mathew Thomson, Commandant of the City of Dublin V.A.D., made a most suit able address, mentioning the work done by Mrs. Cuitis. He also alluded to the splendid work done at Temple H ill Conva lescent Home, by the City of Dublin V.A.D ., to the great satisfaction of the medical and military authorities. It was greatly to be regreted that the present Divisional Surgeon, Dr. M cDonell Cosgrave, was unable through illness to be present. Dr. Charles, 1st Division Surgeon, was present and spoke in the highest terms of Mrs. Curtis and her work. Mr. Weinstock, late Corps Supt., also spoke. The Lady Supt., M iss Mowbray, thanked the Division and the doctors for their support. Mrs. Middleton Curtis suitably replied. A splendid concert, arranged by Mr. W ilson Kelly, was much enjoyed by all. The City of Dublin Ambulance Division was also present under Division Supt. Robt. Jameson.

D u b l i n .— The City of Dublin Division had its origin and cause in the Burgh Quay sewer disaster of May 6th, 1905, in which two lives were lost and many others endangered. The only person on the spot who could render effective first aid was Mr. John Thompson. Shortly afterwards that gentleman called a meeting at his house in Lower Gardiner-street, at which it was resolved to start a Division of the S.J.A.B., whose membership would be open to every citizen of Dublin. The Division was formed and officially recognised in December of the same year, with its headquarters in the European Hotel in Bolton-street, a historic building since demolished to make way for the splendid new Technical Schools. After that, the Division led a somewhat nomad existence, with headquatters sometimes south of the Liffey, sometimes north, until at length, by the kindness and foresight of General Friend, C.B., Com mander of the Forces in Ireland, it settled down in what will probably prove its permanent residence, Ship-street Barracks, beside Dublin Castle. During all that time, amid varied fortunes, the discipline, camaraderie, and earnestness of the men surmounted every difficulty, and rendered splendid services to the community, attending racing, athletic, and other large gatherings, and saving very many valuable lives. The Division at present holds the highest and most valued ambulance trophy in all Ireland, the Challenge Cup, presented by the Viscount Iveagh. Some of its members did duty at the K ing’s Corona tion at London in 1911, as well as H is Majesty’s Visit to Ireland, and at the Review at Windsor. At the outbreak of the war the Division numbered 49 members, it has now 105, of whom 53 are on active service in the M ilitary Home Hospi’tal Reserve, the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve, and the St. John Hospital at Etaples in France. At the conclusion of the class for beginners, now in progress, the Division will probably be 120 strong. For ten years Mr. John Thompson was Supt. On the 29th December last, however, to the regret of all its members' he left to take up his permanent residence in England. A few days later came the transfer of headquarters to the fine rooms in Ship-street Barracks where, under popular young Supt.

February, 1916.

— F I R S T

F. W. Jameson, its capable Ambulance Officers J. F. Homan and C. E. Iley, and the learned and eloquent Dr. Pugin-Meldon as Surgeon, it is safe to predict for this fine Division further vigorous development in numbers, influence and usefulness. First Officer Gillespie, of this Division, has just been ap pointed Acting Corps Officer in the City of D ublin Corps. S t . J a m e s ’ s G a t e . — In the winter 1903/04 Dr. Lumsden gave a series of lectures to the staff and employees of the St. James’s Gate Brewery for the first aid certificates of the Associatian. Following these, Dr. Lumsden threw himself enthusiastically into ambulance work, and on March 30th, 1904, the St. James’s Gate Division was registered with Dr. Lumsden

AID. —

'45

bers, and the number of cases treated annually number over 1,ooo. In 1915 the Chief Commissioner sanctioned the No. 12 (Irish ) District, the former Supt. of the St. Jam es’s Gate D iv i sion was appointed Deputy Commissioner, and another of its members joined the D istrict Staff as Secretary. On the outbreak of the war, 47 members in the R .N .A .S.B .R . were mobilised, and were on duty at Chatham the day after war was declared, since then practically the whole of the Division, including its Supt., joined the M .H .H .R . and were mobilised, and a large number of recruits have since been trained and added to the Reserve. One member, Pte. Michael Doyle, R .N .A .S.B .R ., lost his life when H .M .S. Form idable was sunk. At present the Division has serving:— R .N .A .S.B .R ., 43 ; M .H .H .R ., 63 ; St. John Hospital, Etaples, 2 ; total 108 ; and besides a number who have joined the combatant rank. The remaining [members have assisted on all occasions when the wounded arrive in Dublin. Supt. Holden Stodart, of this Division, has recently been appointed Corps Officer in the Co. Dublin Corps.

L e i c e s t e r . — A t the dem onstration at the D e M ontfort H a ll, on Feb. 3rd, A id. T o llin gto n announced that the total proceeds of the Leicester effort in aid of the R ed Cross and Order of St. Joh n am ounted to £ 12,000 , the expendi ture being within £ 1 0 0 . A hope was expressed that further amounts received might enable a clear ,£ 12 ,0 0 0 to be forwarded to the R e d Cross, and subsequently the M ayor received a cheque for £ 1 0 0 from Messrs. G. H . and A. W. Faire, so that the full sum of £ 1 2 ,0 0 0 will be forwarded as Leicester’s contribution to a noble institution. It should be added, however, that this sum, large though it be, does not represent all that Leicester has contributed to the R ed Cross. M any months ago the Boot M anufacturers’ Federation inaugurated a fund in aid of the society, as a result of w hich movement ,£ 16 ,0 0 0 in round figures has been raised in the various centres’ of the trade. Leicester’s share of that total is about £ ,3,0 0 0 , so that the aggregate from the town is at least £ 1 5 ,0 0 0 , and may be even more if sim ilar efforts are made in other industries.

D r. John

L um sden,

Deputy Com m issioner No. 12 (Iris h ) District. as Supt. and Surgeon. Thus the St. John Ambulance Brigade was introduced into Ireland. The Division is confined to the staff and employees of the St. James’s Gate Brewery, and efficient membership of the Division is a necessary qualification for members of the Brewery Fire Brigade. Very early the Division took up the R .N .A .S.B.R., and most of its members joined. W ith the growth of the Brigade in Ireland, Dr. Lumsden was appointed Assistant Commissioner, and was succeeded as Supt. by 2nd Officer G. Dick. The Division supplied a contingent for duty in London at the K ing’s Coronation, and was represented at the Review at Windsor. On the occasion of the King’s entry into Dublin the D iv i sion turned out for duty at almost full strength, when much useful work was done. Teams from this unit have always been foremost in the various ambulance competitions in Ireland, and it has from time to time held all the different trophies. When the Chief Commissioner inspected the Irish Divisions in 1914, St. James’s Gate Division organised a bugle and drum band. A ll the first aid work in the Brewery is done by the mem

L i v e r p o o l . — On January 17th, in the police paraderoom, Hatton-garden, some 100 qualified lady members of the V .A .D . No. 70 of the T e rrito ria l Force A sso ciation were presented by La d y H arm ood B anner with badges. Mrs. R ayner (e x -L a iy M ayoress) presided, and was supported by La d y H arm ood Banner, Mrs. C a ld well, Mrs. Cartwright, Mrs. G irdlestone (com m andant), Sister M ayse (lady superintendent), Mrs. N ixo n (adjutant)’ M iss M ills (secretary of the Liverpo ol Centre of the St.’ Joh n A m bulance Association), and A lderm an F. J. Leslie. Prior to the distribution the members of t h e 'D iv is io n gave an exhibition of their work, and A lderm an Leslie spoke on the origin and work of the V .A .D . Mrs. Rayner, in addressing them, said it gave her great pleasure to see the very efficient manner in w hich they had gone through their drills. T h e work they had taken up was most hon ourable and praiseworthy, and she felt sure that they would all do their utmost to uphold the splendid record of use fulness they had established. It may be mentioned that M r. Joh n S. Adam son and M r. Percy H . Robinson, com mandant and quarterm aster respectively of M e n ’s West Lancs. T .F .A . V .A .D . No. 27 have produced such a state of efficiency amongst the members that 17 hospitals have availed themselves of their services. Others have taken up duties abroad.

146

— F I R S T

Aids to

AID. —

Home * Nursing.* (2)

CORBET B .C .,

FLETCH ER,

Cantab.,

B.A ., M .B .,

M .R .C .S .

Author of A Com pendium of A ids to F irst A id, &c.

pose. T h ey are used to carry some medicament and are applied to diseased part. A p p l i c a t i o n . — Ointments may be applied on lint or directlv to the part. A l l scabs, drv., m ust be removed before application. T h e lint is secured in place by bandage or plaster.

(3) V

( C o n tin u ed fro m page I 2 j .) LOCAL

R E M E D I E S — Continued).

I I I . — C O U N T E R - IR R IT A N T S . (1)

Counter-irritation is the production of an artificial irritation at one part to oppose and remove an irritation already existent at that spot or elsewhere. Congestion of the true skin by the irritating body is followed by exudation of serum and formation of blister beneath the outer skin. T h is stim ulation of the local nerves is trans mitted to the brain, which is in turn stimulated to action either at the same place or elsewhere.

V .— IN H A L A T IO N S . (1 )

A c tio n .—

(4)

(3) V

T h ere are three most important R u le s of A pplication which must be thoroughly understood at the outset, viz. :—

(m)

(i)

N .B .— It is wise to let the blister alone, lest the dangers of infiam mation, ulceration and gangrene be realised. T h e best plan is to cover up with Boracic oint ment. (3) V

a r ie tie s

o u n t e r -Ir r it a n t s .

(i) T ru e C oun ter-L rritan ls — such as Flyin g Blisters— which are F ly Blisters applied to different parts for five minutes o n ly ; M u s ta r d P o ultice or Leaf, applied for five or fifteen minutes ; T in ctu re of Io d in e painted over area under treatment. (ii) B lis te r in g A g en ts — such as F ly Blisters, which are applied for five to twelve h o u rs; BlisterF lu id , the effects of which vary with the amount applied ; and strong Am m onia applied by thim ble for ten minutes. I V . — O IN T M E N T S . (1 )

A c tio n .- —

Ointments are composed of fatty mattei usually vaseline or lanoline, which will not decom

* These papers are selected from Dr. Corbet Fletcher’s Aids to Hume-Nursing, which is published by Messrs. Bale, Sons & Danielsson,

83-91, Great Titchfield-street, London, W ., and is now on sale, price 6d. net.

a r ie t ie s.

(i) P la in . (ii) Medicated, such as Vinegar, Turpentine, F ria r’s Balsam, &c., the usual proportion of these drugs being one teaspoonful to the pint of boiling water.

A p p lic a tio n .—

W hether C oun ter-irritation or B lis te r in g is required. (ii) T he P o sitio n a n d L en g th 0/ A pp lication oj the A g en t (iii) T he A n tise p tic precautions essential to B lis te r.

Inhalation is the breathing of air or steam prepared for diseased conditions of the throat or for absorption in the lungs.

inhalation is carried out by applying some drug, or com bination of drugs, to the sponge of a metal mask or respirator, which is fixed by elastic, so that the nose and mouth are covered. M o ist inhalation is conducted by means of a special inhaler, or by burying the nose and mouth in a towel which is so wrapped round the top of a jug that a circular opening is left available for the escape of vapour. T h e inhaler or jug should be only half filled with boiling water.

or D e e p , e.g., Bronchitis. C ounter-Irritants are used either (i) to redden and cause congestion of the surface, or (ii) to raise a blister. In the former case the agent must not be applied too long.

A c t i o n .—

(2) A p p l i c a t i o n .— D r y

(2 ) I n d i c a t i o n s . — (i) P a in , a n d (ii) C h ron ic Inflatnm ation, whether Superficial, e.g., Sprained A n k l e , (3 ) E s s e n t i a l s . —

a r ie t ie s.

(i) P la in , e.g , vaseline rubbed on after removal of poultice. (ii) Medicated, e.g., Antiseptic (B o ra c ic ); Seda tive (Zinc), and Caustic (C arbolic), &c.

No.* X I .

(/)

February, 1916.

O B S E R V A T IO N

P A T IE N T .

T h e im portance of O b s e r v a t i o n has been shown in the Principles of H om e-N ursing and elsewhere. Its practical significance is further emphasized when we consider the S y m p t o m s , the causes and va ria tion s of which must be carefully studied. Symptoms are the effects of a Cause in contrast to the Signs which are the tangible evidence of a Cause. Further, if the Symptoms specified in the Text-B ook be exam ined, it becomes apparent that these are divisible into two groups, S u b j e c t i v e and O b j e c t i v e — the latter being in point of fact Signs. Some of the latter, owing to their vital im portance in the formation of conclusions as to Cause and Progress of the Case, are included in a special class as M eans

D ia g n o sis.

I.— SUBJEC TIVE

SYMPTOMS.

P a in .

A ppetite

T h ir st . L earn P

the

P a i n .—

P. A.

7. N.

S u b je c t iv e

Symptoms

PAT.

O bservation is directed to the following P rin cipal Points, and it is noteworthy that pain is always a com parative symptom. P o s itio n — local or m oving; superficial or deep. A g gra va tion — e.g., food (Ind ig e stio n ); move ments (P leurisy), &c. In ten sity — slight or se v e re ; transient or progressive. N a tu re — darting (N e u ra lg ia ) ; gnawing (R heum atism ) and cutting (Pleurisy).

— F I R S T

February, 1916. A

T h is indicates the state o f the D igestive and N ervou s Systems, and the following P rincipal Points must be observed (See S le e p ):— N a tu re — perverted ; capricious ; natural. A m ount— d e ficie n t; excessive. Effects o f Fo od — satisfying ; digested ; accompanied by pain, flatulence, nausea and vomiting. h i r s t . — T h is indicates the state o f the blood C ircu la to ry System), and is a sensation due to changes in the blood consequent upon an inefficient supply of liq uid in the body.

A p p e t i t e .—

AID. —

147

A Valuable Combined Portable ham m ock and Stand. O u r attention has been drawn to a new invention o f a bed-stretcher manufactured and exported by M essrs. F. G oddard & Co., of 30, Coleman-street, Lo ndon, E .C . T h is is made of strong rot-proof canvas, and can be erected in less than one m inute and taken down and packed in a sim ilar period of time. We learn that the great advantage that this stretcher offers is that, when standing, the occupant is raised seven

T h e Principal Points a r e :— A . Causes. (1) Fevers and Inflam m ation— poisoning and - concentration of blood. (ii) Exhausting Diseases— poorness of blood. (iii) Profuse Perspiration— loss of fluid of blood. (iv ) A rticles of D ie t— e.g., salt, alcohol, & c., cause concentration. B . Effects o f Remedies. (i) F lu id in Stomach— weak tea or coffee (tepid); oatmeal or rice water (te p id ); currant or raspberry juices ; slightly acid drinks. (ii) F lu id in large Bowel— rectal enema. XI.

— O B J E C T IV E SYM PTO M S. Sleep. Rigor. Expectoration, Be

SURE

the

O bje c tiv e

Vomit-

or eight inches above the ground, thus preventing him coming into contact with the mud and snow. T h e whole thing is very strong and secure, and weighs only about 20 lbs. complete, and its cost is less than the ordinary stretcher. It measures 7 ft. 6 in. in length, and is perfectly hygienic, as it can easily be taken apart and disinfected. T h ere is no woodwork whatever in the con

S ym ptom s.

T h is indicates the State o f the N ervou s System. Rest is necessary for all vital tunctions and sleep may be a sign either of exhaustion or of improvement. T h e following are the Principal Points (See A p p e tite ):— N a tu re — -intermittent : broken by dreams, talking, movements, &c. A m ou tit— d e fic ie n t; excessive. A n exact re cord must be kept. Effects— satisfying and refreshing or vice versa.

Sleep.

Sleeplessness.

T h is indicates disturbance o f N ervous

System. A.

Common Causes : — (i) M ental E xcite ment. Nos. i and iii increase sup (ii) Physical e x ply of blood to b ra in ; haustion No. ii causes fatigue to (iii) Coldness of nerve shell. extremities

Sim ple Rem edies — (i) C o ld applica-' tions to head (ii) H o c - w a t e r bottle to feet A ll act by dim inishing the (iii) F o o d in supply of blood to the stomach, e.g., brain. biscuit (iv) Repeated deep inspirations

N.B. — T h e hot-water bottle must alw ays be well pro tected, especially when patient is unconscious or paralysed, otherwise serious burns may result. (T o be continued .)

struction to warp, rot or break, or to harbour germs of any kind. T h e ham mocks are in use at present at the W arw ick shire and Coventry H ospital, and are very handy for tak ing the patients out. T h ey are also being supplied to the Belgian Governm ent, while the manufacturers are in negotiation with other Foreign Governm ents for their use.

T h e staff of the S .J.A .B . at St. Jo h n ’s Gate held a dinner at the Popular Cafe, P iccadilly, on Jan. 31st. Mr. P. G. D a rv il Sm ith presided, and amongst those present were :— M essrs. B lum , Boone, C u ll, E arly, Fisher, Harm esworth, H ayes, H ig h , L id d e ll, Parker, Pearce, StallaTd, Statham, W ild , W illm ot, and Wrigglesworth. T h e dinner was quito inform al and M r. D a rv il Sm ith conveyed the wishes of the A cting C h ie f Com m issioner (C o l. T y re ll) for' a happy evening. T h e party afterwards adjourned to the Coliseum , thus bringing to a close a most enjoyable evening.

1 48

— F

i r s t

Brevities. T h e following letter comes to use from France “ I have received the four copies of F i r s t A i d which you sent to me to the 29th C.C. Station, B.E.F., France, and I am sure they are much appreciated out here where we get but little news of what is going on in the S.J.A.B.” Another old member writes to us from Egypt: “ Your paper is passed round to several members of the Brigade here, and it is looked forward to with a great amount of pleasure, as it tells us what our old comrades are doing at home. The illustrations of the Brigade Hospital in France, whichyou gave in the December issue, are excellent, and shows the latest phase of the woild wide work of the Brigade.” i

*■

* W e receive many letters in the same spirit as these,

which go to show us what F i r s t A i d means to many thousands of Brigade men and women who are serving their country all over the world— in fact, it is the only medium which they have of keeping in touch with the movement which they hold dear, and it is a great source of encouragement to us, who produce the paper, to make it as entertaining and helpful as possible. ■* *

* O n the nomination of the Sub-Prior, Lord Plymouth,

and with the approval of the Grand Prior, the Duke of Connaught, Mr. Evelyn Cecil, M.P., has been appointed Secretary-General of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, in succession to the late Rt. Hon. Sir Claude Macdonald. Mr. Cecil is already a Knight of Grace of the Order; he was assistant private secretary to his uncle, the Marquis of Salisbury, when Prime Minister in 1891-92 and 1895-1902. His wife, a daughter of the first Lord Amherst of Hackney, is a Lady of Justice of the Order 01 St. John. Mr. Cecil has been a member of Parliament since 1898. *

A w r i t e r on Field Ambulance work on Gallipoli in a recent issue of C ountry L ife , says Field hospital work proved in practice very different from the previous conception of it. H e says men trained as yeomanry expected to chase the Huns over battlefields, and field ambulance dressing stations with operating tents, and all the surgical gear and tackle methodically arranged for slight and serious cases, were to be set and arranged with orderly precision. But in actual fighting it was much otherwise. Nursing orderlies, bearers and medical officers had to come on shore in boats with the troops laden each with his own baggage, and in the early stages the wounded had to be carried over rough ground to lighters which naval pinnaces towed out to hospital ships. Later, the nursing orderlies and bearers had to turn out tons of earth in order to dig safe and suit able dressing stations. This was all very different from their anticipation, and it says much for the adaptability of the R.A.M.C. that the difficulties were overcome and the work performed with great efficiency.

a i D.

February, 1916.

A p h a s e of the St. John Ambulance Brigade work, which is developing in the Colonies, is the Civil Ambulance Service. The annual report of the Civil Ambulance and Transport Corps of the S.J.A.B., Sydney, which has just come to hand shows us the ambulance service is not only a municipal convenience, but also an asset to the State. The equipment of the Sydney Corps consists of 3 motor ambulances, 2 horse waggons and 9 litters, and during the year 9,021 calls were received and 41,000 miles travelled, the work for the same period costing ,£4,625. Where no municipal ambulance service exists in provincial towns in this country the Brigade has an opportunity to organise something on similar lines.

In the January number of the P ra ctitio n e r , SurgeonGeneral (Temp.) H. D. Rolleston, consultant physician to the Royal Navy, writes on the subject of the health of the Navy and Army in war time. He notes with satisfaction that as the result of the labours of those responsible for the sanitation of our defenders, the health of both forces, with the exception of the men at the Dardanelles, has been remarkably good. The health of the regular Navy has even been better than in peace time. In the Grand Fleet the percentage of men on jhe sick list is under 1 per cent.

V is making ample provision in the event of hostile air raids, and the following are the arrangements : — Police motor ambulances, manned by the Special Constables, will be stationed at various central points in the city to deal with any emergency that may arise in that particular area. The Red Cross Society will provide forty motor ambulances, efficiently equipped and staffed by medical men, which will be stationed at ten different parts of Manchester. Every part of Manchester will therefore be covered by a motor ambulance service. The National Motor Volunteers will provide at very short notice thirty motor-cars to parade in Albert-square in readiness to remove the police or other persons to various parts of the city where their services may be required. M anchester

ir tr *

A g e n e r a l m e e t i n g of members of the National Council of Trained Nurses of Great Britain and Ireland was held in the Lecture Hall of the Royal Society of Medicine, on February 12th, to consider the circular letter of the Hon. A. Stanley, M.P., chairman of the Joint War Committee of the Red Cross and the Order of St. John, in reference to organisation of nurses. This letter pro posed the establishment of a College of Nursing on a voluntary basis, governed by a council of management nominated by the chairmen and governors of leading hospitals, physicians, and surgeons lecturing to nurses, the principals of nurse training schools, and other persons interested in the education of women. Miss E. M. Musson moved a lesolution (which was carried unanimously) sup porting the State registration of Trained Nurses and declaring that any voluntary scheme, such as that proposed, was calculated to impede such legislation.

February, 1916

— F I R S T

149

AID. —

20hP AMBULANCES USTIN Ambulances have already been successfully employed on the various Fronts, and have proved to be satisfactory in every respect, both as to design, utility and construction. Many Public Institu tions, in addition to H.M. War Office, have preferred them. A

The Company have a limited number of chassis available for the purpose, which will be allocated in rotation. Prices and particulars on application.

You will hardly need reminding' of the other im portant work upon which we are engaged, which prevents the immediate supply of Pleasure Vehicles, hut— we shall be ready when the time comes to resume.

Catalogue on Request.

The AUSTIN MOTOR - CO. ( 1914), LTD, ----Longbridge Works, N O R T H F IE L D ,

BIRMINGHAM. LONDON: 479 to 483, Oxford Street (near Marble Arch, W .) R E P A IR S A N D A D J U S T M E N T S CAN BE U N D E R T A K E N AT T H I S D E P O T . -----------

M A N C H ES T ER : I 30, Deansgate. N O R W IC H : 18 to 22 and 25. Prince of W ales Road. And at PARIS.

r S°

FIRST

HORLICK’S

M ALTED

A I D. -

* * * * * * * *

MILK

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S I N G . Contains all the food value o f pure full-cream milk enriched and modified with the soluble nutritive extracts o f choice malted cereals. The ratio of protein to carbohydrate and its perfect digestibility commend this food as a reliable reconstructive which m ay be given freely in septic conditions and surgical cases. R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T . R E Q U R I E S N O C O O K IN G . L ib er a l Sam ples f o r tr ia l w ill be sent to the Profession P o st Free on application.

1916.

Benger’s Food is a cereal food, specially free from rough indigesti ble particles. It contain s th e n atu ral d igestive principles, tr y p sin and am ylopsin, and is exp ressly devised to be used w i t h fr esh n e w m ilk or m ilk and w a ter.

Benger’s is unique among foods in being selfdigestive to any extent desired, and this is simply tegulated by allowing the Food to stand from 5 to 45 minutes at one stage of its preparation. The digestive process is stopped by boiling up.

* *

H o r l i c k ’s M a l t e d M ilk Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

February,

Aids to Memory for ‘ firs t Aid’ Students. .

, 1

. . .

B y L. M.

F r a n k

C h r is t ia n ,

M .B ., C .M . Edin

rs i v e n t h WE d l t J n f ' f J ° f " J ° blen,i in .F irst A id ,” St. John Amb

“

i Ed,tion nof

ready.

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

Assoc.

F ood

Iso ambulance man need ever fear he will go lusty if he will take an occa sional d o s^ o ^ h e mental mixture contained within the covers o f this splendid book . . .c a n n o t conceive a better utilisation o f space, a better treatise on this snhiert could not be written. . . the book for all, whether old hands T s i u L n V f ' . A multum m parvo o f the greatest value.” Ci 0th’ 6d‘ P°st 7d. In Leather, 2s. net— by post 2s 2d Sto ck po r t

: C o n n ell &

is unequalled w h en th e d ig e stiv e s y s t e m is w ea k en ed th r o u g h accident, pain or illness, and w h e n e v e r a lig h t sustain in g diet has become a n ecessity.

B a i l e y , L t d . , “ E x p r e s s ” O p p i c h , S t . P e t e r 's S q u a r e S t ^ J o h n 's G a t e , L o n d o n .

and The St. John Ambulance Association,

A sample w ith f u l l particulars w ill be sent post free to Members o f the M edical Profession, on application to the Sole M anufacturers—

Jhe 3ndian Ambulance Gazette.

B E N G E R S FOOD, Ltd., Otter Works, Manchester.

A Journal o f A m bulance W ork in In d ia , B u rm a a n d the E a st.

P ric e 2 s h i l l i n g s p e r a n n u m

B ran ch

O f f ic e s :

N e w Y o r k (U .S .A .), 90, Beekman Street. S y d n e y (N .S .W .), n 7> P * 1 1 Street. And Depots throughout C a n a d a .

p o st free.

P u b lis h e d Q u a rterly .

3146

Can be obtained on application to the Editor, Jutogk, Simla H ills, India

jtailwaij Jlmbulance. S.E. & C.R.— We have much pleasure in congratulat ing the No. 1 District Corps on the result of their first year’s work, as evidenced by the excellent report and balance sheet read at the first annual meeting held on 4th February. The Corps, which already has a membership of 89, is in a sound financial condition, and excellent work has been performed by many members during the departure of the troop trains from Victoria, and in the unloading of ambulance trains at various stations. Members of the Corps, in conjunction with the Hither Green Corps, were privileged to be in attendance and act as guides on the ambulance train which was exhibited at Cannon-street Station recently. The two corps were after, wards inspected by the Lord Mayor, who congratulated the men on their smart appearance and wished them success in the work they had undertaken. It gives us pleasure to announce that the No. 4 Dis trict intend to repeat, at an early date, their successful concert of 1914, in the Town Hall at Chatham. An ex cellent programme is being provided, and a pleasant even ing is assured. G.W .R.— As foreshadowed in our last issue the ex amination results in respect of the Great Western Railway Centre for the year 1915 have turned out to be very satis factory, having regard to the exceptional condition which have militated against the formation and conduct of classes.

The following Table gives the figures for the past decade, and it will be seen that the results achieved during the year I 9I 5 3-tc second only to those in respect of the previous year, which constituted a record. The defection in the number of certificate awards gained is attributable to the very large proportion of the younger members of the staff who are serving with the colours, as well as the difficulties experienced in securing regular attendance at lectures owing to traffic requirements. N u m b e r o f A m b u l a n c e A w a r d s g a i n e d in E x a m i n a t i o n by

M embers of th e

Year 1906 ... 1907 ... 1908 ... 1909 ... 1910 ... 1911 1913 ... 1913 ... 1914 ... 1915 ...

G .W .R.

Sta ff from

1906

1915.

Certificate Voucher Medallion Medallion (is ty r.) (2nd yr.) (3rd yr.) Labels for Total Re-exam. 703 447 399 481 55< 510 368 823 1,798 639

326 268 216 238 269 215 185 367 617 639

123 208 181 163 147 157 150 215 434 363

_ 22 I 235 320 357 355 381 608 823 856

1,152 1,144 '.OS1 1,202 1.324 '.237 1.084 2,013 3,672 2,497

The Great Western Railway Magazine for the current month contains an article dealing with ambulance activities throughout the system during the past year, which should prove of interest to railway ambulance men, and it affords some idea of the value to the country in the present crisis of the large number of skilled ambulance workers who have

February, 1916.

— F I R S T

enrolled in the M edical departments of the N avy and Arm y. T h e report discloses the fact that during the year four members of the Com pany’s staff, and two members of the m edical profession, who haved rendered gratuitous services of exceptional character to the A m bulance movement on the Great Western Railway, have been recognised by the Order of St. Joh n of Jerusalem, by selection, as H onorary Serving Brothers and H onorary Associates of the Order, respectively. W e understand that it will be im practicable for the Great Western R ailw ay to carry out their usual competition programme this year owing to the shortage of staff and the exceptional calls which are being made upon the railway in connection with m ilitary and other traffic arising out of the war. It w ill be remembered that in the face of con siderable difficulties the Great W estern held the com petitions as usual last year, although it was one of the few railways to do so. It is hoped that when the time for the annual contests comes round next year the war w ill be over and the large numbers of am bulance men at present on service with the Forces w ill then be available to take part again in these competitions, which are regarded by the staff, not only as a means of measuring efficiency in am bu lance work, but also as an integral part of their first aid training.

Tfie general service superintendent— a new class in troduced for m ilitary hospitals— will be responsible to the C .O . for the discipline and general welfare of all members except those working inside the wards, who while so em ployed will be under the supervision of the matron. T h e general service superintendent will be chosen for her reliability, tact, discretion, and should be of a suitable age.

AID. —

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Chancery o f the O rd e r , St. fo h n ’s Gate , C le rk e n w e ll , London, E .C . H is Majesty has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :— A s K n ig h t o f fusticc. Inspector-General Belgrave Ninnis, C.V.O ., M .D., R .N . A s L a d ie s o f fu stice : The Lady Catherine M ilnes Gaskell. Beryl Carnegy, Lady Oliver. The Lady Constance Milnes Gaskell. A s K n ig h ts of G race : Sir James Scorgie Meston, K .C .S .I,, I.C.S., L L D . Sir Michael Francis O’Dwyer, K .C .S .I., I.C.S. Sir Hedley Francis Le Bas. Francis Barton Langridge. Captain Francis Frederick Daniell. Charles Campbell McLeod. Lieut -Colonel The Hon Sir George O laf Roos-Keppell, K .C .S .I., K .C .I.E . A s L a d ies o f G ra c e : Florence, Lady Butler. The Lady M uriel Paget. Mai Alice Magdalene, Lady Philipps. Sarah Louise, Mrs. Sherwell. Sarah Ann, M iss Swift. A s E s q u ir e s :

It was reported at the annual meeting of the H andsworth Centre of the Association that the classes held d u r ing 1915 had beaten all records. N o fewer than 281 students had gained the first aid certificate, 147 the home nursing certificate, 36 the medallion, and 30 the label, a total of 494 awards. T h e Centre had raised the sum of ^ 2 0 0 10s. id . for the endowment of two beds in the St. Jo h n Am bulance H o spital at Etaples. T h e accounts showed a balance in hand of ^ 3 8 17s. n d . T h e lady superintendent of the Handsw orth N ursing D ivision re ported that the members, including officers, num bered 67, of whom 52 possessed the uniform. Eighty-four attend ances had been made at the hospitals in Birm ingham for instruction, members had met 74 trains of wounded, and bad made 336 attendances at the Birm ingham M edical M ission. One member had been accepted for m ilitary hospital work, 247 articles of clothing had been made by the working party and had been sent to the Lady M ayoress’ D e p o t; and 42 cases had been treated by the members in the streets and at business. T h e super intendent of the am bulance division of the brigade reportedthat over 20 of the members were serving with the forces or in m ilitary hospitals. Others had assisted with the removal of the wounded from the railway stations to the hospitals and as orderlies at the V .A .D . hospital at H ig h bury. Two-thousand six hundred and eighty-one cases of first aid had been treated during the year, of which 225 required medical attention. M r. J. F. Pearson was re-elected president, D r. F. H . M aberly chairm an of committee, Mr. E. T . Awdry, treasurer, and M r. A . E. Jorden, hon. secretary.

Geoffrey Howard. A s H o n o ra ry S erv in g B ro th e rs : Frederick Mortimer Barwick, Francis Edward Adams. George Herbert Nutter. Albert Washington. Hervey Cdrter, A s H o n o ra ry S erv in g S isters : The Reverende Mere M aria Legrand. M arie Guislaine Ursule, Madame Candillon. Effie Maud, M iss Roberts. Caroline Helen, M iss Keer. Henrietta, Mrs. Edred Corner. Charlotte Elizabeth, Miss Hughes. A s H o n o ra ry Associates : John Terrell W illiam s, M .R .C .S .E . Harold Hebblethwaite, M .R.C.S.

La d y M aud W ilbraham , who is assisted by M iss H o p e Clarke, Crescent-road, W im bledon, has met with so m uch success in her “ Siver T h im b le ” m otor-am bulances for the front, that she is now, as the result of a special request, and with the approval of the W ar Office, endeavouring to raise 4,000 guineas, towards w hich about ^ 6 0 0 has been raised, for a motor disinfector, w hich w ill be of great service to the men in the trenches. W h e n c o r r e s p o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t is e r s p le a se m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id ”

— F I R S T

The

R.A.M.C.

“ S a fe ”

Job.

D u r i n g the passage o f the Military Service (No. 2) Bill— better known as the “ Compulsion ” Bill— through the Committee stage in the House of Commons, frequent re ferences were made by speakers in discussing the case of the conscientious objector to the employment of men with the forces on red cross work who had religious objections to serving with a combatant corps. Such references went to show that there were a good number of men who, whilst not prepared to take human life, they were quite ready to risk their own and instances were cited of ambulance workers serving in shell-swept hospitals who felt it contrary to their religious and conscientious instincts to engage in taking life. We do not propose to here discuss the case of the conscientious objector, but the references which have been made to ambulance workers in this connection bear upon another point which has more than once been brought to notice, but which has previously been dismissed as un worthy of consideration. We refer to the insinuation that men join the R.A.M.C. to ensure a “ sa fe” job. On several occasions suggestions of the kind have been thrown out, in some cases at recruiting meetings, and we have in mind an instance in which it was reported that men looking for something “ safe” were recommended to try the medical department. It may be that the proper way to deal with such sug gestions is to ignore them, but as they are levelled at a service which is to a large extent recruited from the “ ambulance men ” of this country— those in whose interests this Journal is published— we cannot continue to allow such charges to be made without dissent, or it may be argued by those who know no better that silence gives

AID. —

1916.

enlisting with the R.A.M.C. for general service are liable for service abroad, and many hundreds are now serving on the various fronts on which our Army is engaged. Further, we are advised that many who have hitherto been serving in home hospitals are to proceed overseas and that the men have asked to be sent out. Those who would criticise the R.A.M.C. should read what Lieut,-Colonel Mackie Begg, of the New Zealand

B y courtesy)

[ “ M o to r Tra ctio n .'

Interior view of a Dennis Motor Ambulance used by the Melbourne Centre, Australia, in the course of a year the four motor ambulances of the Centre travelled over 60,000 miles.

JOHN AMBULANCE

B y courtesy)

February,

[“ M otor T ra ctio n ."

The Headquarters of the Melbourne Centre, Australia, of the S.J.A.A. The Centre undertakes the ambulance service of the city.

consent, and that after all there is something in these suggestions that have been made against the ambulance workers who have joined the forces. It is, of course, quite obvious that in the R.A.M.C., as in many other departments of the Army— particularly in the non-combatant corps there are, and must be, a con siderable number of men employed on duties in which the risk of danger is small, but whilst this is the case, men

Medical Corps, has to say in the B r it is h M ed ica l J o u rn a l of the work of the ambulance service in Anzac. Those who regard the R.A.M.C. as a “ safe” job should hear what the Anzacs have to say about the medical service in Gallipoli, and what the heroes of Sulva Bay think of the men who had to carry out their work under continuous shell fire in the teeth of the deadly machine-gun, and all this in a rough and precipitous country affording little or no cover, with no roads and where, consequently, horse or motor transport was impossible. If this is not sufficiently convincing let them read the testimony contained in Sir Ian Hamilton’s despatch, dated n t h December last. He says :— “A feature of every report, narrative or diary, I have read has been a tribute to the stretcher bearers. All ranks, from Generals in command to wounded men in hospital, are unanimous in their praise. I have watched a party from the moment when the telephone summoned them from their dug-outs to the time when they returned with their wounded. To see them run light-heartedly across fire-swept slopes is to be privileged to witness a superb example of the hero in man. No braver corps exists, and I believe the reason to be that all thought of self is instinctively flung aside when the saving of others is the motive.” Let them hear what the wounded have to say about the R.A.M.C. men in France and Flanders, what the patients in base and field hospitals— many of them exposed to shell fire for days on end—as well as on the

February, 1916.

— F I R S T

hospital trains and boats have to say about the R .A .M .C . O rderlies before they offer any gratuitous criticism about a corps which has recently been referred to as “ the eighth wonder of the world.” T h en let them peruse the casualty lists and see with what painful frequency the initials “ R .A .M .C .” recur before voicing the “ safe” jo b gag in connection with the M edical Corps. T h is is not the place, and now is not the time, to indulge in panegyrics on the ambulance men at the front and fulsome eulogies on the men and their work can better be obtained first hand from the sick and wounded. T h e work of the R .A .M .C . is above criticism , at any rate by the arm chair critic. There are, unfortunately, people who regard only as effectives in this struggle the men who shoulder rifles and man the trenches. A ll honour to these, as to men of other branches of the combatant forces, who have done their work so well. We want more of them, but the taking of life is not the work of the trained am bulance man. H is object is to save life, by skilled treatment to reduce the period of ineffectiveness of members of the fighting force and in so doing he is in creasing its efficiency. In the execution of his duties there is overwhelming evidence that the am bulance man shirks no risks. H e makes sacrifices and may have made the supreme sacrifice in carry ing out the duties involving upon him in filling what his self appointed critics are pleased to term a “ safe ” job.

AID.—

r 53

when with his unit, composed of three nurses and three dressers, he left Brussels for G em bloux in the neighbour hood of Nam ur to tend the Belgian w ounded in a chateau there. On getting near their destination they discovered themselves close to the firing lin e and had some narrow escapes. O n arriving at the chateau they found it was in the possession of the enemy, who insisted that they should attend to the Germ an wounded, and would not perm it them to attend to the Belgian wounded prisoners. T h e Germ an patients at first stoutly refused to be tended by the English, consequently, they had plenty of time on their hands to observe the G erm an methods of surgery, with the result that they were very surprised at what they saw. T h ere was a com plete absence of any antiseptic precautions. A n instrum ent might be carefully washed, but it would then be passed across the surgeon’s sleeve to dry it. T h e field dressings were not satisfactory. A com pound fracture would be found placed in plaster of P aris— a most unsatisfactory method of procedure.

Wounds in War. O n M onday, January 17th, M r. Osborn lectured to the M ayfair detachment of St. John Am bulance Association on his experiences at “ T h e Front.” H e was one of the first to take a hospital unit to Belgium on the outbreak of the war, and has been there or in France practic ally ever since. H is previous experience both in the Boer W ar and the Balkan B y co u rte sy ] W ar placed him in an unique position to (“ M o to r T ra ct ion.' compare various methods of treatment. The Melbourne Centre Australia, possesses four motor ambulances. The one shown above s an 18-25 h-P- Uelaunay Belleville. M r. Osborn congratulated the mem bers of the St. Joh n Am bulance on their not being caught unprepared when the war broke out. It T h e G erm an am bulance system was very retarded came suddenly, but they were ready. H e considered that owing to the shortage of am bulances, and local field cars had in many cases they had not been put to do the work to be used. T h e arrangements for transit by train was they had been instructed in, rather many had been called also very bad. W ith regard to food the patients were fed upon to do house work. on black bread and G erm an sausage. T h e dearth of surgeons was entirely the fault of the M r. Osborn witnessed several operations, and con Government. There were plenty of elderly medical men sidered the preparations made were very bad. A n esthetics whose services could be requisitioned for war work. M edical students should not be taken from the hospitals, were not often given, and the fortitude of the patients was but should be allowed to finish their studies. wonderful. W hen plaster of Paris was used for a first D uring the present war we have learned much. dressing, it left no room to allow for sw e llin g ; in many Treatm ent varies in each battlefield, as we have different cases that came to the hospital the only course was to conditions to cope with. T h e clim atic conditions counted remove it at once, or else the lim b would shortly afterwards have to be amputated. for much. In France and Flanders we had to contend with mud, wet and c o ld ; in the Balkans, d ir t ! T h e general treatment of the wounded was such that a In South A frica the soil was advantageous for surgery, soldier shot through the abdomen was made to walk a quarter of a mile. while in Belgium it was bad. In the present war we had to fight against all the scientific methods that were B y degrees the men allowed the E ng lish to attend to employed— bombs, hand-grenades, gasses, etc. them, and were quite satisfied with their treatment. After Mr. Osborn’s first experience of the present war was a few days, however, they were told in very strong language

—FIRST that they could “ clear out” as the requisite Germ an doctors were coming. T h e mode of their departure from the chateau showed the ill-w ill of the Germ ans toward them. F o r the journey they were given a loaf of bread and some water, while some Germ an officers whom they had treated at the hospital travelled first class, they had to content themselves to travel in cattle trucks. At Liege they were turned out of the train, and met with the greatest incivility. T h ey were not allowed to proceed to Brussels until the following morning. Once there they soon returned to England, and in a short time were again at the Front tending, this time, our wounded. In speaking of different branches of surgery, M r. Osborn said bullets, unless pressing on a vital part, or un less they had carried any foreign matter in with them, had best be left alone. X R ay work was very useful, but two views were necessary— a side and a front view. I f a bone was badly smashed amputation was necessary, but when possible it was always avoided. Some of the wounds were extremely bad owing to the short distance between the trenches in this war. Frost bites had various stages according to the severity of the case. There might be only redness or a blister, or there might be sloughing. In a severe case mortification was apt to set in. Frost bites resembled burns and required the same treatment, but prevention was better than cure, and the best preventitive treatment was to rub plenty of fish oil on the feet (porpoise oil being the best to use). Mr. Osborn com pared the difference between the Belgian methods and what he practised. T h e Belgian surgeons did all their own dressings and allowed the nurses to do none, and all dressings were done in the m inor operatingroom adjoining the ward. In referring to the first aid dressing supplied to the soldiers, he said they were undoubtedly useful as they kept out the dirt, and prevented the clothes rubbing the wound. In his flight from Bruges each o f his patients had a “ d re ssin g ” placed in his clothing, which enabled the wounds to be dressed on the journey.

Lo rd Aberdare opened, on Jan., 15th the St. John A u xilia ry H ospital at Southerndown. T h is hospital is under the control of the St. D a v id ’s Centre, S .J.A .A . T h e com m andant of the hospital is M rs. K ate Lewis, and the matron is M iss E . M . Ruffle, who has been matron of the Southerndown “ R e s t ” since its establishment. D e v o n s h i r e R e d C r o s s H o s p i t a l . — T h e fifth V.A. H o spital in the Totnes D ivision was opened on Tuesday, Jan uary 18th. A shley A . Froude, Esq., C .M .G , R .N V R , and M rs. Froude having placed her residence at Kingsbridge, at the disposal of the D ivision for the duration of the war and it has been accepted by the W ar Office for convalescent soldiers. T h e residence is beautifully situated overlooking the estuary, with extensive grounds, and will accommodate 25 patients. It is staffed by V .A .D . Devon 70 officers and M is. Lindesay, matron ; Drs. W ebb and H arston, medical officers ; Sister Sutor, trained n u rs e ; M is B ourchier, com mandant of V .A .D .; M iss A. E. Tw ysden, quartermaster. M rs. M ildm ay is the VicePresident of the D ivision.

W hen corresponding w ith A dvertisers please m en tion “ F irst A id.”

AI D. —

February, 1916.

Queries and Jlnswers Correspondents.

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— i - — Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand comer of the envelope “ Query,’’ and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon” cut from the current issue op the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. J . — Queries are invited on F irst-A id , Home-Nursing and HomeHygiene at these are o f general interest. These w ill be atiswered in F i r s t A i d i f space permits. 4.— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be anssvertd by post.

A. E. (Abercarn).-— I shall be glad if you will kindly answer the following question which was asked at a recent examination : — “ In what accident, happening underground, would pain act as a splint ?” Pain is a comparative symptom It locates the situation — but not the extent — of the mischief present, and also serves as a guide to the efficiency or lack of efficiency in treatment. In the case of a fracture, pain limits both active and p assive movements which might aggravate the injury. If, therefore, the pain is strong enough an d long enough to keep the adjacent jo in ts at rest, then it conforms to Dr. Cantlie’s famous definition, and is a true splint. T his Query probably relates to an accident associated with some special occupation and can only be answered completely by someone fully acquainted with the local conditions.— N. C orbet F le tc h e r .

Paper Scarcity and “ First Aid.” W e venture to think that hardly any apology is needed to readers of F i r s t A i d in reiterating the wide-spread warn ing with regard to the prospective paper scarcity, conse quent upon the Government’s restriction, among other imports, that of wood-pulp for paper manufacture. It is not within our province to judge whether or not the Gavernment is pursuing a wise policy in adopting this course, but certain is it that, like all others engaged in educational work, technical or otherwise, we shall have to conform to the rules and regulations laid down and to cast about to obtain the best means to meet the emergency of the case. A deputation representing the Master Printers’ Associ ation and the Printing and Kindred Trades’ Federation of the United Kingdom was recently received by Sir Geo. Barnes at the Board of Trade, when the question of the restriction of the importation of wood-pulp was fully dis cussed. It is understood that the serious consequences to the printing trade which would result from any great re strictions on wood-pulp imports were explained to Sir George, and it was pointed out that the printing trade had already suffered considerably as a result of the war. Sir George Barnes, in reply, promised that the matter would receive full consideration, and stated that a repre sentative of the Masters’ Association would probably be appointed on the forthcoming Commission and, possibly, a representative of the Men’s Federation.

February ^[916 .

—' FIR

It was stated by a member of the deputation that Mr. R uncim an had already consented to lower the rate of restriction from 60 to 50 per cent. Meanwhile, let us endeavour to see how the restriction affects us, individually. Every copy issued of F i r s t A i d will henceforth be considerably increased in the cost of production, and it behoves us, therefore, to tread warily. In this connection we ask our readers and agents to render us all the assistance possible, so that we may be enabled to obviate a superfluity of copies by keeping well within the margin of demand. Naturally, with others, we have been more or less hit by the great wars, but we have never swerved from our responsibilities nor curtailed our literary columns through false economy. D urin g the whole of the 18 months of hostilities, F i r s t A i d has fully catered for its patrons, and it is our honest intention to continue to do so until the end. A ll we ask our readers is to do their part. First, our aim and ambition is to get as nearly as possi-

A ID —

155

Reviews. THE

T R IA N G U L A R

BANDAGE.

By Howard M. Preston. London : John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd. P r ice is .

The multifarious uses of the triangular bandage are amply demonstrated in this little book and, from a first aider’s point of view, it should be found extremely useful. It is essential for the ambulance student to have a sound knowledge of the triangular bandage, for it is perhaps more in use than any other form of bandage. The author^ of this book is demonstrator at the first aid and home nursing classes at the Regent-street Polytechnic, and his knowledge of the triangular and roller bandaging, is thorough and complete; he is moreover

T h e motor am bulances of the West R id ing. 31 Detachm ent, outside an A uxiliary H o sp ital at Y ork. ble an idea of the approximate num ber of copies required each month and thus prevent a wastage. W e would prefer to take the minimum of risk in order that unsold copies might be fewer and grow beautifully less each month. W e shall be glad, therefore, if all intending new subscribers will kindly notify us as to their requirem ents and our publishing department will do the rest. M eanw hile we rely upon our large clientele of supporters to continue on our books, and, in thanking our advertisers for past con sideration, trust they will continue to give us all the help they can, and by their example and influence induce other firms to back up F i r s t A i d in further propagating the good work it has striven ardently to accom plish for so many years past on behalf of so noble and righteous a cause.

A ccording to a Geneva despatch, it is unofficially stated that the delegates of the International R ed Cross Society who have just returned from a visit to prisoners’ camps in Siberia deny the Germ an reports of R ussian harshness.

epdowed with the rare gift of conveying his knowledge to others. The book is well illustrated and should be of consider able assistance to students.

T h e yield of the sale recently organised by the A uctioneers and Estate Agents’ Institute, on behalf of the Liverpo ol R ed Cross, with subscriptions, am ounts to ,£2,000.

U n d e r the illustration w hich appeared on page 135 of our last issue, we stated that the lady on the left of the illustration was M iss Scholes, we regret this was an error, the lady being La d y Supt. M iss E . W hittle.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH AD VER TISERS PLEASE MENTION “FIRST AID.”

—

BRITISH

F I R S T

and

February, 1916.

RED CROSS SOCIETY. ■

Notes

A I D. —

News.

The London Gazette , of February 2nd, publishes a further list of Red Cross awards (1st Class) in recognition of valuable services rendered in the organisation of nursing service, and of the organisation and training of Voluntary Aid Detachments in connection with the war. Those receiving the decoration are Miss S. A. Swift (Matronin-Chief), Mrs. Edred Corner, Miss E. M. Roberts (Matrons); The Viscountess Esher, Lady B. C. Oliver, and Mrs. K. Furse (Voluntary Aid Detachments). * *

An Active Service Exhibition is to be held at Prince’s Skating Club, Knightsbridge, next month in aid of the funds of the Joint War Committee. Men of the Grenadier Guards will be seen making trenches, dug-outs, and wire entanglements. The earthworks will be full size, so that visitors may pass through them, and will be of exact official pattern in every case. This miniature battlefield will be on a tented plot of land adjoining Knightsbridge Hall. Mr. Dudley Hardy has designed the panoramic scenery surrounding the trenches. * * *

A new scheme for collecting and distributing comforts for the armies in the field has been drawn up by Sir E. V ard, Director-General of Voluntary Organisations, approved by the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief’ and sanctioned by the War Office. The office of the Director-General of Voluntary Oganisations, it may be recalled, was created with the object of co-ordinating and directing all voluntary effort throughout the United Kingdom in connection with the supply of mufflers, mittens and other articles of clothing and comfort for the troops, whether at the front or in the military hospitals. In order to secure co-operation and prevent overlapping and waste, county and borough asso ciations were formed to link up the various societies, guilds, groups of workers and individuals engaged in making such articles. Standard patterns were supplied, finished articles were inspected by experts, material for certain articles were supplied free of charge, and free transport was pro vided for articles requisitioned by the Director-General. Special arrangements were made in the case of Queen Mary’s Needlework Guild, the Red Cross Society, and Order of St. John, war hospital supply depots unattached to any central organisation, and regimental associations. * * *

It has been found, after careful inquiries, made by a representative of the department in France, that the rapid movement of troops from place, to place and sometimes from one theatre of war to another, has made increasingly difficult the problem of securing prompt delivery of con signments earmarked for particular units. To meet this difficulty, is is proposed under the new scheme that all gifts forwarded through the department shall be consigned

■

“ for the benefit of the troops generally-,” and shall be sent to the Military Forwarding Officers Overseas for dispatch to the distributing points. Commanding Officers in the field will make known the needs of their units to Assistant Military Forwarding Officers at these points, and the gifts will then be sent to the soldiers’ billets for distribution among the men. The Assistant Military Forwarding Offi cers will keep the Director-General fully informed cf the quantities each unit receives, and will requisition articles for which there may be a big demand. The DirectorGeneral will thus be in a position to advise the local or regimental associations of the number and nature of articles issued to each unit, and to requisition articles in their place. In short, while a regimental or county association will have no guarantee that the actual comforts which it sup plies will go to the regiment or other unit in which it is particularly interested, it will have an assurance that similar articles are supplied from the general “ pool ” to that unit more promptly than under the old system, and that the actual articles which it is providing will replenish the store thus depleted. *sk*

In the House of Commons, Mr. Watt asked the Under Secretary for War whether his attention had been called to the fact that nurses in uniform passing back and forward to France were not granted the same privileges as soldiers or any advantage over the general public in having their passes examined ; that this frequently subjected them to long waits, sometimes exposed to the weather ; and, if so, would he see that such nurses, being on war service, were put on the same level as soldiers in the way of journey privileges.— Mr. Tennant answered : Nurses in the uniform of Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service and others who travel with military warrant embark and disembark from military gangways and are on the same footing as soldiers. Ladies temporarily employed as nurses with certain voluntary organisations who do not travel on military warrants, or under military orders, pass the examination of passports as all passengers do. ***

The number of enemy doctors and Red Cross workers who have been allowed to go through our naval blockade under safe conducts to Europe is eighty-six, and the num ber of those who have been allowed to pass without safe conduct is sixty-nine. Lord Robert Cecil, who made a statement to this effect in the House of Commons, added that the Government had not so far felt obliged to refuse requests made to them, on the ground of the Geneva Con, vention, for the free passage of enemy doctors and Red Cross employees returning to their own country from over seas. In most cases Red Cross workers captured or de tained by the Germans had also been released, but, as in some cases they had not been released, the Government was considering the advisability of detaining similar Ger man individuals who would otherwise be returned.

-FIRST

F e b r u a r y , T916,

AID. —

>57

PERFECT SERVICE iODEXj

FIRST-AID

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END

BRANCH

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FOR EVERY AMBULANCE MAN AND MEMBER OF V.A.D. THE

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( N u rs e s ’ E q u ip m e n t S e c tio n ) , D ep t. G.

AMBULANCE

VADE

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In ju re d

and

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(Forty-six pages, with ten diagrams, two coloured).

3 8 t h E D I T I O N — 6 0 ,0 0 0 . E d ite d by H A L L I D A Y S U T H E R L A N D . M D , Emergency Surgeon in H is M ajesty's Fleet. “ A thirty-eighth edition speaks volumes for its popularity. I his is a veritable m ultuni in parvo, and can easily be carried in the waistcoat pocket. It has been kept well abreast o f the times. W e feel sure that the popularity of this booklet, the cost o f which is threepence, w ill be main tained. — T h e Prescriber, Ja n uary, 19/5. “ Th is compact little booklet (compact in m atter and sizeJ can be carried in the vest pocket, and be im m ediately con sulted in almost an y em ergency This is the only book on First A id — as far as we know— published in so convenient and compendious form .” The Great C en tra l R ailw ay Jc u rn a l, October, iq /j .

Supplied by

S. G. M A D G W I C K , 26, i v y Lan e, London, E .C ., and by

JOHN M E N Z I E S & CO., L t d ME d in b u r g h & G l a s g o w .

Bookstalls and Stationers. Price Threepence.

— F I R S T

A I D —

February, 1916.

“ A valuable first-aid d re ss in g for w o u n d s ” Q^UCH is the testimony to Sphagnol of a wellknown London Surgeon, whose report we quote below in full. All medical men should avail them selves at this time of this strikingly successful healing ointment. It is a distillate of Peat— is antiseptic— possesses remarkable healing properties — and is easily applied. Jan. i6th, 1915.

/ have trted your Sphagnol preparations, ointment, ana cream in certain chronic ulcers with remarkable success, and have recommended Sphagnol to a large number of people under tra mng as a valuable first-aid dressingfo r wounds.”

c^PHAGNOL is the standard remedy of medical men in all cases of skin disease and inflamma tion. It is invaluable in the treatment of “ T R E N C H S O R E S ,” E C Z E M A , U L C E R S , P S O R IA S IS , R IN G W O R M , A C N E , D A N D R I F F , P R U R I T IS , H E R P E S , H AEM O R R H O ID S . p H E In stitute of Hygiene have awarded their

certificate for purity, merit, and quality to all Sphagnol Soaps and Ointment.

‘Cheer up!’ I T ’S all very well for kind friends to come along with “ cheer up ” when y o u ’re feeling weak and down, but that will not restore wornout nerves or set your over w rought energies to rights. Gst body and nerves re-nourished and re-invigorated with a course of Hall’s Wine and you will “ cheer up ” happily and readily enough ! “ I felt I was in for at least a three months’ illness,” writes a lady, “ but the effect of five or six doses of Hall’s Wine was wonderful, and to say I am delighted with the good it has done me would be feeble praise.” ( Original letter on our file . )

For a cheerful, bright outlook in life you need circulation right, digestion right, nerves right, and for restoring these there is nothing to equal

Important Offer. Doctor’s Outfit of Sphagnol Preparations, consisting of Ointments, Soaps, and Suppositories will be sent to every Doctor, R.A.M.C. Officer, and Red Cross Hospital Nurse on receipt of professional card. A First-aid Outfit containing a liberal supply of Ointment and Soap will be sent upon request to any First-aid or Red Cross Worker. W rite to-day fo r the F ree O utfit and medical testimony to

Peat Products (Sphagnol) Ltd 18a Q u e e n h it h e , U p p e r T h a m e s S tre e t, L o n d o n , E .C

HallsW ine The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E .— If, after buying a bottle of H all’s Wine and taking half of it you do not feel decided benefit, sim ply return us the half empty bottle, and every penny of your outlay will be refunded.

Large size 3I6. Steph en

S m it h

O f W ine Merchants, drY. a n d

C o .,

L t d .,

B ow ,

L ondon.

528

February, 1916.

— F I R S T

AID. —

159

HUMPHREYS’ SECTIONAL BUILDINGS

T e le p h o n e No

6447 K e n sin g to n . 3 L in e s .

T e le g r a m s : “ H u m p h re y s , K n ig h ts h r id g e , L o n d o n ,”

Portion of Australian Hospital ( 1,000 Beds), Harefield Park, Middlesex, on Humphreys’ Sectional Building System.

The Latest and Best System of Building’s for Mobile Hospitals. Convenient for Transport. Quickly Erected or Dismantled. Reasonable in Price. Immediate Delivery from Stock.

HUMPHREYS LTD., KNIGHTSBRIDCE, LONDON, S.W.

FOR MOBILE HOSPITALS.

— F IR S T

AID. —

February, 1916.

A N A TO M IC A L M O D ELS FOR

STUDENTS

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scientific and Literary subjects, S e c o n d - H a n d at H al t Prices. N ew at 25 per cent.

|| ----------

t h e

f e m a l e

h u m a n

G EO RG E

b o d y

A N A T O M Y & PHYSIOLOGY

P H IL IP

S O N . L td ..

P ric e 6 d . ne t.

NOTES

32,

AID

SIMPLIFIED.

B y S id n e y H. L a m b . A Handbook in a tabulated and simplified form giving the main points 01 first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student. DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., L td ., 46, C a n n o n S t.

—

di scount .

HOW ARD

Catal ogu es free.

W. Jk Q. F O Y L E

PRESTO N,

D em onstrator to the Polytechnic.

116 Illus. Price, is. net, postage 2d. A ID S T O H O M E -N U R S IN G

B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R ,

l- le e t

Post fre e 7d.

FIRST

—

T H E C O M P L E T E M A N IK IN . Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicire, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 25. net j postage, 2d. T H E TR IA N G U L A R B A N D A G E : Its Application shown by Words and Diagrams.

Five Coloured Plates movable with Letter press. io J by 8 inches. 2 s . net, by Post (Inland) 2s. 2d. L ^ s L o n d o n :

-------

IMPORTANT BOOKS DEALING WITH FIRST-AID.

Six lolcuied Plates movable with Letter press. 19A by 7 i inches. 4 s . net, by Post (Inland) 4s. 3d. T H E CHiLD:

-------

S tate wants. Books sent on approval. Books Fought. 12t and 123, C h arin g Cross Road, London, W .C.

P H IL IP S ’ “ P O P U L A R M A N I K I N ” Five Coloured Plates with Organs movable and adjustable. Explanatory Text and Key. New Edition, 16A by I7iin s., 3 s . 6 d . net, by Tost (Inland) 3s. I id.

LONDON, E.C.

B y th e S am e A u th o r.

A Compendium of Aids to Memory, invaluable to all Students. 2nd Edition. With an introduction by James Cantlie, F.R.C.S. Post free, 7 d . W H Y A N D W H E R E F O R E IN F I R S T - A I D . B y th e S am e A u th o r.

Difficulties in Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer. Royal l6mo. Post free, 7 d . AN IN D E X O F F IR S T-A ID . By J.

H A N M E R ’S

B .A ., M .B . , M .R .C .S .

Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. Post free, 7 d . A ID S T O F IR S T -A ID .

CARVELL,

M .R .C .S .,

L .S .A .L o n d .

Illustrated Ambulance Lecture.

A vade-mecum for the Ambulance Worker. Fcap.8vn. Post free, is .2 d . F I R S T - A I D A N A T O M I C A L D IA G R A M S . Twelve in set, on Roller. Post free, 2 S . i o d . Each Diagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. T H E W H O L E A R T O F BAN D AG IN G .

SEASON 1915-16 BOOKED U P ! ! !

Introduction by J a m e s C a n t l i e , F'.R.C.S. Illus. Post free, I s. 2d. P R A C TIC A L IN S T R U C T IO N IN C U T T I N G O U T A N D M A K IN G UP H O S P IT A L G A R M E N T S FOR S IC K A N D W O U N D E D

By T H E K L A

M IS S

BO W SER,

E M IL Y

F .J .I.,

PEEK.

Illustrated. Post free, is . 2 d . A S H O R T C O U R S E O F P H Y S I C A L T R A I N I N G FO R T H E R E C R U I T S O F T H E N E W A R M IE S .

(Approvedby the Red Cross Society).

Particulars, id. stamp to C.

HAN M ER,

205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N

R otherham.

JO H N

Wires : Hanmer, Ambulance, Gold horpe.

P r ic e (A S

S U P P L IE D

SPRIN G

£ 1 TO

H .M .

GEARING W H EELS.

2 s.

6 d .

G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable S tretcher for Boy Scouts,

HELPS

(L a te P o a d , H e lp s

1 2 s. 6 d .

& Co.),

S t. P h ilip s B r id g e , B R IS T O L . M a k e rs ot A m b u la n c e W a g o n s and R e q u is ite s .

POSTAL INSTRUCTION in “ PRESCRIPTION READING ” and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.’’ Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once. m e m b e r o f S.J.A.B. w r i t e s : — “ I fe e l d e e p ly in d e b te d fo r th e

A c o u rs e s o f in s tru c tio n re c e iv e d , h a v e o fte n w a n te d to ta k e such co u rs e s , b u t c o u ld n e v e r fin d w h e re to g e t s u c h .” (T.B.) Special term s now — h a l f fe e s — to m e m b e rs o f S.J.A.B., & c . A pply (stamp) t o M r. J. E . W a l d e n , Sec., Westminster College (L ad y Dispensers Section o f the Westminster College o f Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874), 112. S t. G e o r g e 's Road, S o u th w a r k , London.

Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark .t J Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats,' 16s. 6d.— W rite for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse. A

BRO M AN,

B aT e T

SONS

D A N IE L S S O N ,

L td .,

83-91, G r e a t T it e h fie ld S tr e e t, L o n d o n , W .

Best Stretcher on the Market. BE ST QUALITY CANVAS.

A LLAN

of the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute, Stockholm. Foolscap 8vo. Illustrated. Price is. <5d. net; postage, 2d.

O R S A L E , a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 5s. n d . a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

P rin te d a r d P u b lish ed b y M essrs. D a l b . R b y n o l d s & Co., L td ., 46 , C annon

E S T A B L IS H E D

1887.

JOHN SULLEY

STOCKS TAKEN

A uctioneer, Valuer, A rb itra to r, Estate and Business A g e n t, Fire Assessor.

MONTHLY, QUARTERLY OR HALF-YEARLY

S p e c ia lis t t o th e B u ild in g , &c., T r a d e s . 4 6, CANNON

S T .,

LONDON,

E.C.

AT AN INCLUSIVE CHARGE.

Te leg ra m s: “ P ierrette, London." Telephone 307 Central.

“ FIRST AID” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed w ith a ll Queries. F fb ru ary, 1916.

St., L o n d o n , E .C ., to whom all com m unications should be a d d ressed .

F IR ST AID.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services. Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 261.— V

o l.

X XII.

Our

[N ew

S e rie s .]

MARCH, 1916.

Readers.

“ F i r s t Aid ” Is published on t h e a o th of e v e r y m onth.

The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free ; single copies 2d. The Editor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C. All articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the Editor. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business communications connected with F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers, D A LE, REYNOLDS & CO., L td ., 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E . C .

DALE.

IE n u r'd at St*mnUr,'H all.\

[2/6 Pk*r“ n ^ P o ^ F r e e

there has, unfortunately, been more than enough since the historical 4th of August, 1914, to last for many years to come. T here are, doubtless, many directions in w hich the service can be im proved, and a closer co-ordination be tween the various associations having for their object the alleviation o f hum an

suffering in peace and war is one

point which obtrudes itself for consideration. It is, probably, a foregone conclusion that after the war the am bulance movement will be accorded a greater measure of public appreciation than it has enjoyed in the past, for, whilst the typical am bulance worker asks for no flourish of trumpets and is prepared to carry on his good work with fitting modesty, it is felt that the time has arrived when the am bulance service as a whole should be afforded that appreciation of the great B ritish public which

EDITORIAL.

is its just due.

It has worked more or less in the dark in

the past, but during the war the light of publicity has been turned upon it and the “ world and his w ife ” have been

F o r some weeks past peace rumours

have been in the air and, whilst it W ork A fter may be that there is a little hope of a the W ar. speedy conclusion to hostilities, there appears to be good reason for the belief that at any rate the allies of the chief enemy have “ had enough ” and would not be unwilling to nego tiate for peace. In addition to this, the steadily declining value of the German mark is, perhaps, the best evidence that the beginning of the end cannot be far off, for the resources of our enemy must be fast approaching the break ing point. Am bulance

Be that as it may, it is, indeed, a hopeful sign that our Government are now giving consideration to the question of the country’s commerce after the w a r , and it is not with out significance that committees dealing with similar ques tions have recently come into being at many of the com mercial centres of our allies. It is without doubt well that questions of after-the-war procedure should be discussed whilst the experience gained in the conflict is fresh in memory, and whilst the lessons resulting from war experi ence are clearly engraved upon the mind of the nation. This is as true in regard to the ambulance service as in any other connection, and in the matter of experience

astonished to know that they have had in their midst such a highly-organised and efficient service at their disposal. T h e valuable assistance which has been afforded to the country by large employers, such as railway com panies and others in training in times of peace large bodies of men in the application of first aid methods, num bers of whom enrolled in the ranks of the R .A .M .C ., is a point which will, doubtless, not escape notice. M en highly skilled in am bulance work available for service with the Forces at any time is no sm all national asset, and, un doubtedly, w ill be encouraged and systematised in the future. Surgeons who have been on service on the various fronts w ill be able to advance valuable suggestions in con nection with first aid training and practice, and alterations and additions to the prescribed course of instruction may result.

In regard to treatment and dressings for wounds

and other forms o f disab ility met with in modern w arfire, and in regard to general questions of treatment, much has yet to be learned from those who day after day have been continually associated with the m edical departments of the Forces, and am bulance workers of pre-war days may be asked to part with some of their cherished ideas and adopt newer ones resulting from recent experience.

- F I R S T

162

iVfALfc.-.

3Thc Grand J n o r g of the Grder of the Jtospital of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

fjhe

No. . District. A ctin g

deputy

S t.

Jo h n

DEPARTMENT.

.Ambulance

Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

c o m m issio n er

AID. -

March, 1916.

W a l t h a m s t o w ( N o . 29) D i v i s i o n .— The Division had a record audience at the concert which was held at the Walthamstow Baths on March 2nd, in aid of the funds of the Division. In recent years the Division has made rapid progress, and it has now well over 200 members, with six permanent ambulance stations distributed over the town and is doing most useful work— its members having treated during the past over 2000 cases of accident or illness. Supt. A. E. Blum and his Officers are to be congratulated on these results.

------

No. 4 District.

W IN N Y .

A P R IL , 1916. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 2nd.— No. 56 Division, Cricklewood. „ 9th.— No. 9 „ St. John’s Gate. „ 16th.— No. 17 „ Merton and Wimbledon. ” 23rd.— No. 10 „ St. M ark’s. „ 30th.— No. 58 „ London Post Office. 2.30 p.m. to 6 p.m. As per separate orders. Key St. lohn’s Gate, 2 p.m. ARM LETS. The S.J.A.B. Armlets issued in connection with A ir Raid W ork are the property of the District and not of the individual to whom they have been loaned. Officers and Members-inCharge of Divisions therefore should be very careful to see, when men are called up for Service, that their Armlets are obtained from them and returned to Headquarters, giving particulars of the name of the member and the number of the Armlet. M E M B E R S H IP O F T H E D IS T R IC T . The following was the strength of the various ranks of the D istrict on September 30th, 1915 :— Ambulance Divisions, 3,804; Nursing Divisions, 1,691. The total strength of the District on September 30th, 1914, was Ambulance Divisions, 2,643 ! Nursing Divisions, 843. A N N U A L IN S P E C T IO N S . It will not be possible to hold the Annual Inspection of the Prince of W ales Corps in Hyde Park this year, but in view of the importance of keeping in close touch with such of the Divisions which are on active service, arrangements will be made to inspect the Divisions as far as possible in groups. Officers in Charge of Divisions should therefore notify the Deputy Commissioner as soon as possible on which days of the week it will be convenient for their Inspections to be held. As many days should be quoted as possible. A IR R A ID S C H E M E . Arrangements have now been made for the Nursing Sisters of the District to render assistance in the event of an expected A ir Raid. F u ll particulars have already been sent separately to Officers in Charge of Divisions, and on no account should local arrangements be made with the Police or other bodies without first consulting the Deputy Commissioner. I f any Officers in Charge have made such arrangements they should immediately notify the fact, and ask for further instructions. More volunteers are required in some of the rendezvous, especially in the North and East of London. Lady Divisional Superintendents are desired to make special efforts to obtain volunteers. CO RRESPO N DEN CE. Members are again reminded that letters are occasionally received at headquarters insufficiently stamped. A ll corres pondence should be addressed to the Deputy Commissioner, by whom it will be opened each day and circulated if necessary to the member of the staff specially concerned. (Signed) W . H. W IN N Y , A ctin g Deputy-Cotnmissioner.

Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

M a n c h e s t e r C o r p s .— The North Manchester Ambu lance and Nursing Divisions of the Brigade, held a very successful conversazione at St. George’s Presbyterian School, Moston, on February 26th. Despite the bad weather there was a large attendance of members and friends, and Sergeant Luchinski and Lady Supt. Miss M. Dunn acted as host and hostess. An excellent programme was arranged, and the applause the artistes received showed how much their talents were appreciated. Dr. McGowan, of Cheetham H ill (who is the senior surgeon of the Divisions), was chairman, and during from the interval Mrs. McGowan distributed the labels, medallions, and certificates to the successful members of the Ambulance Division, and presented a beautiful mirror to Sergt. Luchinski as a token of their appreciation of his work among them.— Sergt. Luchinski thanked his comrades for their gift, and announced that a new class for first aid would be started in another week. He gave a cordial invitation to any who would like to join. At the close of the evening Dr. McGowan proposed a vote of thanks to the artistes, which was cordially responded to, and Sergt. Luchinski proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. and Mrs. McGowan, which was also heartily carried. An enjoyable evening concluded by all singing the National Anthem.

No. 5 District. S h e f f i e d C o r p s . — An interesting ceremony took place at the parade of the Sheffield Corps on February 25th, at the Corn Exchange. This was the first distribution in the City of Long Service Medals. Divisional Supt. Baggs, who made the presentation, stated that the Corps was started in 1899, and First Class Sergt. J. W. Beasley, “ A ” D ivisio n ; Sergt. E. H. G. W ynyard, “ B ” D iv isio n ; Sergt.-Major W. A. Browne, “ C ” Division ; and Cpl. A. Fawcett, “ D ” Division, had all been members since the commencement. There were few towns where ambulance men had such opportunities of using their abdity as Sheffield, and few had such a good record for long service. Sergt.-Major Browne being on active service in the Mediterranean, his medal was received by Mrs. Browne, the others being handed to their winners. It is interesting to know that Sergt. W ynyard was the only member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade to win the D .C.M . in the South African War. During the evening several old comrades who had been on active service attended, and were heartily cheered.

L e e d s C o r p s .— The Corps has sent 24.0 men and nurses on active service, and has a further 157 in readiness. A number of men, too, have been trained to render special assistance in the event of air raids, invasion, etc. The Corps, which was 306 strong at the outbreak of the war, has now increased its membership by 204, making the total strength 510. One of the members has been awarded the D.C.M . for meritorious service in the field, and several members on active service have received promotion in recognition of their valuable services. Worthy of special mention, too, is the fact that during the last few days Long Service Medals (15 years’ service) have been awarded to the following Officers :— Corps Supt. A. Eddison (Leeds), Corps Inspector of Stores I. Kaye (Leeds), Divisional Supt. J. M cCullagh and Divisional Supt. F. W hitaker, both of the Armley and W ortley Division).

March, 1916.

— F I R S T

No 9 District.

Formed in 1893 the Dawlish Division of the Newton Abbot Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, had two or three years of prosperity, but then the interest waned, with the result that the Division was more or less inactive. A few months ago an appeal was issued, for the purpose of obtaining proper equipment. The men worked zealously under Dr. M. Cutcliffe, the Honorary Surgeon, with the result that Mr. H. Holman, J.P., accepted the Presidency, and other well-known residents offered and gave financial assistance. On March 2nd a public meeting and demonstra tion was held in the Victoria Hall, and the members of the Dawlish Division paraded for the first time in uniform, and presented a smart appearance. N e w t o n A b b o t C o rp s.—

Hints on Dispensing Antiseptics. B y E. L . B. F O R S T E R (.M em ber o f the Society o f Chem ical In d u s try ). T h e m edicinal preparations, both for internal and external use, are divided into certain classes, and we venture to say there is no more important one than that of “ Antiseptics.” Just before the outbreak of war they were in some

AID. — other products have passed over, the “ deal oil ” containing the phenol is obtained. From this is got the carbolic acid which, at the end of the process, is in crystalline, colourless needles. It is very deliquescent, has a peculiar odour and a sweet, pungent taste. A lthough carbolic is not a true acid (it is a phenol) it behaves lik e one. I f touched by the hand it w ill burn like a strong acid, and is very poisonous. It is on Part I I . of the poison schedule, consequently, it must be kept under lock and key. W hen weighing it must be placed on a watch glass, and weighed off as q u ick ly as possible as it is so very deliquescent. F o r dispensing a weighing bottle need not be used. It is soluble in water— 1 part of carbolic acid to 16 parts of water. In dispensing it is generally dissolved in a little glycerine and then the water added, as it is freely soluble in glycerine. It is also soluble in alcohol, Chloroform and carbon hysulphide. It w ill often be noticed that the crystals become slightly coloured— a pinkish brow n— on exposure to the air, as when a bottle has been in use some time, and a stopper does not fit well. N o notice need be taken of this, it is a slight chem ical action that is harmless. In the B ritish Pharmacopoeia there is a liq uid carbolic acid called liquefied phenol— one part of the phenol to 10 parts of water. It is colourless but frequently acquires

B y courtesy] T he

M em bers

o f

[ “ The Ladies F ie ld . 1 t h e

N ew

C o u r t

R ed

C ross

H o s p it a l ,

respects going out of favour, but the conditions of the majority of wounds in France and Flanders has done much to reinstate them again. T h e best known and one of the most useful is C a r b o lic

A c id .

Phenol, com m only called carbolic acid, is obtained from coal tar by fractional distillation. Its formula is C gH 6O H . It is sometimes called hydrate of phenol, or phenic acid, and is found in small quantities in nature— in urine, but com m ercially it is obtained from one of the bye products of the manufacture of coal gas. T h e coal is placed in a retort, heat is applied, the gas evolved and other products are led away by pipes, and the tar is deposited in the hydraulic main. T h is tar contains the phenol and various other sub stances, which are separated by fractional distillation. T h e tar is he ate d ; at first water is distilled off, and after various

C h elten h a m

(F ifty

B e d s ),

C o m m a n d a n t,

M iss

K in g .

a pinkish hue, and it is this preparation that is mostly used in dispensing, as it is so m uch more convenient to handle. Great care must be taken that none gets on to the fingers, as, like the crystals, it has a very powerful caustic action. T h e uses of carbolic acid are many. A s an antiseptic it is quite a household word, but its m edicinal uses do not only consist of this one form that is in such general use, e.g., the plain solution ; it enters into an ointment, an o il’ there is a glycerine of phenol, a suppository, and even a lozenge containing one grain. I t enters into several disinfectant preparations made by various firms. C arb o lic powder is one of the best known. In surgical work there is a gauze used for dressing wounds, which is prepared by saturating it with a m ix ture of pure paraffin, wax and carbolic. T h is is never made in a hospital dispensary, it is always bought.

— FIRST

164

T h e solution is kept in various strengths, such as 1 in 20, 1 in 30, and 1 in 40, according to the use that is to be made of it. It is not unusual for a hospital to keep it in 3 different strengths, but care must be taken that it is very clearly labelled. O rdinary tap water is used as a rule for diluting. In making the ointm ent the carbolic must first be m ixed with a little glycerine before adding the paraffin base, which must be added a little at a time. T h e suppository generally has o il of theobroma and beeswax as the base ; these are dissolved by the aid of heat, and then the carbolic added. P e r c h l o r id e

o f

M e r c u r y.

T h is is frequently called corrosite sublimate. Its official name it hydragyri perchloridum . It is the m ercuric chloride. A n old name for it is muriate of mercury, and its form ula is H g C l2. It is obtained by heating together m ercuric sulphate, sodium chloride and a little black oxide of manganese, when the perchloride sublimes as a white translucent mass

AI D. —

the dispensing bench. It should be weighed on to a watch glass. T h e special tabloids in use at the present day are very handy. T h ey dissolve rapidly in water, and have much to recom mend their use, while, at the same time, some prefer a solution made of the strength ordered. T h e well-known blue gauze so m uch used in surgery, called “ sal alem broth,” is gauze treated with the double salt perchloride of m ercury and ammonium chloride. Although perchloride of m ercury is such a deadly poison it is often ordered for internal use— just a fraction of a grain. T h e official liquor is given sufficient to contain the dose ordered, the most usual being i-32 n d of a grain. It is sometimes ordered in a pill. B o r a c ic

A c id

S o l u t io n .

A cidum boricum, or boric acid, is a weak a c id ; it is obtained by the interaction of sulph uric acid and borax, and occurs in nature in an im pure form. T h e acid is in crystalline plates and needles soluble 1 in 30 of cold water, 1 in 3 of boiling water, 1 in 4 of

By courtesy} A

March, 1916.

[ “ The Ladies Field.' W ar d

N ew

C o u r t

R ed

in prism atic crystals. It is highly poisonous, and the greatest care must be taken both with the salt itself and with the preparations, all of which must be kept under lock and key. T h e salt is soluble in water 1 in 16. In boiling water it w ill “ go ” 1 in 2. W hen the perchloride is used as an antiseptic, the official solution is used and diluted to the strength ordered. T h is official solution is sim ply made by dissolving the salt in water. W hen dispensing the solution the greatest care must be taken that the measures used are thoroughly washed ; if possible, special measures must be kept for poisonous drugs. A ll bottles containing solutions of perchloride must be clearly labelled, and the strength must always be stated. I n many hospitals colourless antiseptics, such as carbolic or perchloride of mercury, are coloured by an inert substance sim ply as a safeguard. Should a solution be required stronger than the official strength a special one must be made. In weighing out such a deadly chemical the greatest care must be exercised that none is upset on

C ross

H o sp it a l ,

C h elten h a m .

glycerine. It is one of the best known of the antiseptics of the present day. It is only a weak one, but all the same it is useful. It must always be remembered it is bad dis pensing to run to hot water to dissolve crystals, but if the boric acid is well under what w ill “ go ” in cold water re sort may be had for quickness to hot water. T h ere are several antiseptics, but the three we have touched on are what we may call the most “ popular.”

R ed Cross envelopes and stationery, with designs and sketches by noted artists, are to be sold in packets at from id . to 2s. 6d., and a lim ited collectors’ issue at prices up to 10s. T h e envelope bears a design by Mr. Joh n S. Sargent, R A.

W hen corresponding w ith A d vertisers please m ention “ F irst Aid ”

March, 1916.

— F I R S T

AID. — P r in c ip a l P o in ts —

Aids to Bv

Home = Nursing.*

CO RBET B .C .,

FLETCH ER,

Cantab.,

(i) T im e — Frequency, quantity. (ii) C ause— e.g., its relation to food, strain ing, &c. (iii) Character of V o m iting— e.g., associated with pain, flatulence, nausea, &c. (iv) Effects of vom iting— exhaustion or relief. (v) Nature of V o m it— undigested food, blood (coffee grounds), &c. (vi) Effects of R em edies— decreased in quantity or frequency, longer intervals after food, less pain, flatulence, nausea, etc.

B.A., M .B .,

M .R .C .S .

A uthor o f A Com pendium of A ids to F irst A id, &c. No.

X II.

( C ontin ued from page 1 4 7 .) (m)

O B S E R V A T IO N

I I . — O B J E C T IV E V

P A T IE N T .

( “ stiff coldness” ). T h is indicates disturbance I t is associated with an abrupt rise of Tem perature and is usually the first symptom in Fever and inflam m ation. B e fo re a n d d u rin g rigor there is a feeling of extreme coldness.

R ig o r .

S Y M P T O M S ( C ontin ued).

T h is indicates N erv ou s Systems.

V o m it in g .

o f N erv ou s System.

disturbance o f D igestive The act o f vom iting

consists of deep inspiration, closure of glottis, contraction of abdom inal muscles, and expulsion of stomach contents. Com pare Coughing.

P r in c ip a l P o in ts —

Tim e, D uration and Degree of Perspiration.

By courtesyj T h e

["T h e Ladies Field." C en tr al

W ard

a t

N au n to n

P a r k

Causes o f V om iting—

(1) Lo cal (G astric)— (1) Irritatio n of stomach (food, secretions). (ii) Disease of stomach (ulcer, cancer, & c.). (iii) O bstruction of bowel. (iv ) Poisoning. N . B . — In these cases there are usually p resen t nausea, retching, f u r r e d tongue— a n d the vom iting gives relief.

(2)

Central (C e reb ral)— (i) D ire ct— e.g., poisoning of blood in d is ease. (ii) R eflex— e.g., worms.

N . B . — N a u sea a n d retching usually absent, an d there is no fe e lin g o f relief. * These papers are selected from Dr. Corbet Fletcher’s Aids to Home-Nursing, which is published by Messrs. Bale, Sons & Danielsson,

83-91, Great Titchfield-street, London, W ., and is now on sale, price 6d. net.

R ed

C ross

H o sp it a l .

T rea tm en t —

Bed, Blankets, Hot-water Bottles, D rin ks, D octor. E

W arm

C oughin g indicates disturbance o f R espiratory o r N erv ou s System s. T h e act o f C ough in g consists of deep inspiration, temporary closure

E x pe cto r a tio n .

ot glottis, contraction of abdom inal muscles, forced opening of the glottis, and expulsion of air from lungs. Com pare Causes and P rin cip al Points of Vom iting. Causes of coughing.

(1 )

Lo cal (Pulm onary)-— (i) Irritation of lungs, e.g., mucus. (ii) Disease of lungs, e.g., Bronchitis. (iii) O bstruction of air passages, e.g., foreign body. (iv ) Poisoning, e.g., strong am m onia, &c.

— FIRST

i66

(2)

(2 ) R eg ularity in strength and rate. (3 ) R a te . — Adults, 72 per m in ute; Y outh, 8 0 ; children, 96.

Central (C e re b ra l)— (i) D ire ct— B rain disease. (ii) R e fle x— Stomach disease.

P u lse

P r in c ip a l P o in ts of coughing and E xpecto

(vi) Effects of Rem edies— A lleviation, especially at night. Attacks less frequent and pro longed. Expectoration dim inished in quantity. N o te. — T h e word e c c e n t covers the P rin cipal Points applicable to V om iting and also to Coughing, i.e., Effects of Vom iting, Cause, Character of Vom it, Effects of Rem edies, Nature of Vom it, Tim e, &c., of vomitiug.

Skin. Pulse. Tem perature. N urse S

SPRATT

D IA G N O S IS . Respiration. A ltitude. K new

the

M eans

Tongue'

D iag n o sis.

T h is indicates the State o f the C irculatory and N erv ou s Systems.

S k in .

P rin cipal Points Com pare Tongue— (1) C o lou r. — R e d (F ever); W h i t e (Syncope, la p se; B l u e (Asphyxia, C o m a ); and l o w (Jaundice).

C o l Y el

(2) D egree o f M o istu re .— L ik e pain, this is of com parative value only : D ry — Fever : M oist— Rheum atic Fever and T uberculo sis of lungs. (3 ) Surface. — E ruptions in Infectious Diseases. (4) E ffects o f Rem edies. — T e p id sponging reduces Tem perature and makes skin less dry. P

T h is indicates the S ta te o f the C ircula tory and N erv ou s System s and teaches- -

P u lse.

(1) T h e f o r c e a n d c o n d i t i o n o f H e a r t ( ii) T h e f u l n e s s a n d c o n d i t i o n o f A r t e r i e s

(iii) T h e excitability of the

N ervous

System .

P rin cip al Points (compare R espiratio n )— (1 ) S tren g th. — Sm all, thready (E x h a u s tio n ); hard (K id n e y d isease); full, bounding (In fla m mation, Fever, and Haemorrhage).

T a k in g

— Best taken at wrist (radial).

Use

tips of second and third fingers ; keep patient

ration. (i) Tim e. Frequency. Severity. ( ii) Cause, e.g., its relation to posture, cold air, &c. (iii) Character of C ough— dry or loose with expectoration. Bronchitis, short, h a ck in g : deep, distressing. T u b e r culosis, hoarse (cow cough). L a ryn gitis, diphtheria, paroxysmal. W hoop ing Cough. (iv ) Effects of C ough— exhaustion or relief. (v) Nature of Expectoration— (a) Scanty— early Bronchitis. Profuse — C h ro n ic Brochitis, T uberculosis, & c. ( b ) M ucous--Catarrh, early Bronchitis. Purulent (mattery— Bronchitis. B loody and heavy (lung tissue— Tuberculosis. P utrid— rare lung diseases.

III. — M EAN S

March, 1916.

AI D. —

calm and make him rest arm on bed or table, first note strength and regularity of pulse, then count rate for a f u l l minute. N .B .— T h e norm al ratio of Pulse to R espiration is 4 :1 . e s p ir a tio n . T h is indicates Sta le o f C ircu la to ry , N ervou s an d R espiratory System s.

P rin cipal Points (see P ulse)— (1 ) S tren gth. — Feeble and Shallow (S h o c k ); deep and laboured (A poplexy). (2 ) R eg u la rity in strength and rate. (3 ) R a te . — Adults. 18 per m in u te ; youth, 20; children, 24. Slow (S h o ck ); rapid (Pueumonia). T a k i n g . — Always take the patient unawares. In spiratio n and expiration are one respiration ; count for one minute by sight, plac ing hand on abdomen as last resource. N .B .— (i) Proper aeration of blood im possible if respirations less than 8 or more than 40 per minute. (2) Pulse and R espiration vary with age, posture, exercise, disease, &c.

R e s p ir a tio n

( T o be concluded.)

Wounds

War To=Day.

In a paper by D r. W. Earle Drennen, Birm ingham , Ala., read at the annual session of the Am erican M edical Association in San Francisco in June, he states that the modern sharp-pointed, steel-jacketed, so-called humane rifle-ball, despite all claim s to the contrary, is remarkable for its severe and mutilating trauma. T h e point of entrance may be a small slit, or round wound, but the wound of exit is quite often large and ugly. T h e modern sharppointed bullets are all potentially dum-dums, for it is the rule rather than the exception that the ball, after striking, pivots and turns sidewise. T h is is explained by the fact that the centre of gravity is situated far back, near the base. T h e terrible efficacy of modern artillery has not been exaggerated. Shrapnel wounds are more frequent than rifle injuries, and are often multiple. T h u s in 260 wounded French soldiers 169 were injured by artillery projectiles ; 127 by fragments of shells ; 41 by shrapnel bullets ; only 99 by rifle-shot. D uring a service covering the latter part of 1914 and early in 1915 this observer saw no wounds made by the bayonet. A Warsaw dispatch of June 20th, says :— “ SurgeonM ajor Lesghintseff, who is back from the big battle in G alicia, says that seven-eighths of the wounds were from shells, half of these were from big calibre shells and the rest from field howitzers and field guns, in clud ing shrapnel shells. ‘ B ullets,’ says this authority, ‘ played no role. T h e rifle is the infantrym an’s toy. T h e infantrym an does not fight. W hen the big guns have finished the fighting he occupies the trenches which they have won.’ ”

March

1916

— F I R S T

Jlailwaij Jlmbulance. G .W .R .— T h e Great Western Railw ay Centre have good reason to be proud of one of their members who joined the R .A .M .C . at the outbreak of war. SegreantM ajor E. T . M oxham , formerly a clerk in the office of the divisional traffic superintendent at Cardiff, has recently been awarded the M ilitary Cross for valorous conduct at the Front. H e was attached to the 7th Cavalry Field Am bulance B .E .F ., and it appears that his station was in great danger and the staff had been ordered to leave. T h is Sergeant-Major and his colleagues declined to do so as they had a large num ber of serious cases in "their hands, and about two hundred others waiting to be dealt with. They eventually found themselves in the hands of the enemy for a short time, but they stuck to their post and the trenches were afterwards recaptured by the B ritish and the dressingstation secured. D uring the whole of these incidents the station had been more or less under fire. Sergeant-Major M oxham was a keen am bulance worker prior to joining the Colours and had rendered valuable assistance in the forma tion and conduct of railway classes. D uring the last few weeks a num ber of new am bu lance classes have been formed throughout the line, and it appears that, despite the steady reduction of staff, due to men jo in in g the Forces, those who remain in the railway service are determined as far as possible to maintain their first aid efficiency. W hilst a num ber of men who have previously taken little or no interest in the work have been attracted to the classes by the prominence given to the value of first aid knowledge in connection with ihe war, others who have lost touch with the movement for years are again taking steps to acquire am bulance efficiency. Enthusiasm in the work is not confined to the male mem bers of the staff, for with the increasing number of female clerks, telegraphists, e tc, employed, ambulance classes for the gentler sex have been formed and attended with regularity by large numbers who are evidently keen on making themselves as efficient as possible in this work S .E . & C. R y .— I t gives us great pleasure to announce that we learn on enquiry, the num ber of men attending the Exam inations of this Centre bid fair to equal, if not exceed, last year’s total. T h is must be very gratifying to the Class Secretaries, the members of the committee and the officers of the Com pany alike. A G rand Concert, in aid of the funds of the No. 4 D istrict Corps, w ill be held in the Tow n H a ll, Chatham, on W ednesday, 5th A p ril next. W ell known London artists have been engaged, and the high standard of excellence of the concerts arranged under the auspices of this Centre in the past, is sufficient to guarantee that a musical treat is in store for the mem bers of the corps and their friends.. Tickets, 2s., is., and 6d., may be obtained from the Corps Secretary, M r. A. Browning, 8, Ingle-road, Chatham, any members of the corps, or at the doors. W e have no doubt that the am bulance men serving with H .M . Forces, and now stationed in this important Naval and M ilitary District, will be glad to support the efforts of their railway colleagues. When corresponding w ith Advertisers please m en tion “ First Aid.”

167

AID.—

Reviews. T H E O R D E R O F T H E H O S P IT A L O F O F J E R U S A L E M A N D IT S G R A N D OF EN G LAN D .

ST. J O H N P R IO R Y

By W . H . Fincham. London : W. H. & L. Collingridge. Price., 6s. net. No one is better qualified to write a book on this subject than Mr. W. H. Fincham, for he was associated with the pub lication of the Guide to the Remains o f the A n cie n t P r io r y , and he has more or less made a life study of the history of the Order. It is now twenty-five years ago when, on his appoint ment as Rector’s W arden, he descended into the Priory Crypt and cleared away the accumulated earth, nearly 2 ft. deep, from the foot of one of the Transition responds, and laid bare the charming details of its base. W ith a comrade Mr. Fincham spent many hours digging, pulling down brick partitions, and getting loads of rubbish carted away, until at last the beautifully proportioned Nave and charming little Chapel, clean and welllighted, were again devoted to their original purpose. Mr. W. R. Edwards, the Secretary of the Order, has con tributed a chapter on the present day work of the Order, and to those who wish to have an authentic account of its history, without hesitation, we can say a better record it is not possible to find. The book is very fully illustrated and it reflects the greatest credit on all concerned.

The Order of St. John. A n interesting lecture was given on M arch 2nd at T rin ity C h u rch H a ll, Ham pstead, by M r. H . W. Fincham , on “ T h e Order of St. John in the Past and Present,” which was pro fusely illustrated by lantern slides. T h e lecturer told the history of the old K nights H o spitallers from the foundation of the O rder in the eleventh century to the present time, and laid particular stress upon the good work now being done in the present war by the St. Joh n A m bulance A sso ciation and Brigade and the St. Joh n V o lun tary A id D etach ments. H e mentioned that, at the present time, there were over 22,000 Brigade men and over 16,000 V .A .D . women serving with H .M . Forces, in hospitals and on board ships. Col. H endley, C .I E , introduced the lecturer, and, in moving a vote of thanks, urged the audience to further the work of the A ssociation in the No. I D istrict by attending the courses of instruction now being held and in prepara tion. D r. C. J. R . M acFadd en seconded, and the lecturer suitably replied. T h e hon. secretary for the district is M r. C. M. F o w ler, of 12, Ancona-road, H arlesden, and the assistant hon. secretary is M iss E. Newm arch, of 4, Crossfield-road, N .W ., who w ill be pleased to give any inform ation desired.

M em bers of the V oluntary A id Detachm ents now working in great numbers at R ed Cross H ospitals have supplemented their uniform s with startling ties and jewellery, said the Essex D irector of the R ed Cross Society, recently. T h ey had every reason to be proud of the uniform, and they should avoid such ornaments. In structions were given to Com m anders to stop these decorations.

— F I R S T

1 68

March, 1916.

AID. —

r HORLICK’S

J MALTE_D MILK * a

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S I N G .

A Y • A

% A t

A t

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

A ▼

R E Q U R IE S N O C O O K IN G .

L ib e ra l Sam ples f o r t r ia l w ill be sent to the Profession Post F re e on application.

A T

H o r l i c k ’s M a lt e d M il k Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

Aids to M em ory lo r ‘ t-irs tA itT b iu a e n ts .

m m

Nerve Strength

Sto ck po r t

a1 a■

After illness, overwork, or in convales cence, H a ll’s W ine is of the greatest value. It starts its good work at once, restoring the tissues, feeding the nerves, im proving the circulation, and strengthen ing digestion, so that you get the fullest benefit from your food. Y o u feel its splendid power in every fibre of your being, and realise to the full the jo y of being alive.

:C o n n e ll &

T ry

H a ll’s W ine y o u r s e lf — to -d a y

HaUsW uie

m m

3he 3ndian Jlmbulance 6azette.

!! S3

A Journal o f Am bulance W ork in In dia , B urm a and the E a st.

P rice 2 s h i l l i n g s p e r a n n u m

Can be obtained on abplication to the Editor, Jutogh, Sim la H ills,In d ia

U n ifo rm s& E q u ip m en ts

have b uilt up, during the past 100 years, a great reputation for efficient products in two great departments. The factories at 16, Nile^ptreet,

C ity

L t d ., B o w , L o n d o n .

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including Clothing, Caps, A c coutrements, Leggings, Water Bottles, Belts, and other E q u ip ment. Send for quotations. T h e West E n d Departm ent at 4, Princes Street, Hanover Square, London, W ., is

Large size j/6 . O f W ine Merchants, Licensed Grocers. & C o.,

London,

EVERY REQUIREMENT FOR RANK AND FILE,

G U A R A N T E E .— Buy a bottle of H all’s W ine to-day. If, after 1'taking half o f it, you feel no benefit, return us the half-empty bottle and your outlay will be refunded.

S t e p h e n S m it h

Road,

are magnificently equiped to produce

The Supreme Restorative

El 1 13

p o s t fre e .

P u b lis h e d Q u a rterly .

S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , L o n d o n .

S h a t t e r e d N e r v e s R e s to re d “ H a ll’s W in e has done a ll you say it w ill,” w rites a sufferer. “ M y nerves were com pletely shattered, but thanks to H a ll’s W in e I am rap id ly im p ro v in g .” ( Original on our files.)

B a i l h y , L t d ., “ E x p r e s s ” O f f i c e , S t . P e t e r ’s S q u a r e ,

and The St. John Ambulance Association,

W e a k nerves are the signals of o a w eakened system ; and there is no surer or safer way of setting these matters to rights than a short course o f H a ll’s Wine.

B y L. M. F r a n k C h r i s t i a n , M .B ., C.M . E d i n . Author (jo in t ly w ith W .R .E .) of “ Problems in First A id ,” St. John Amb Assoc. S e v e n th E d it io n n o w re a d y . Revised to date (Sept. 1915.) “ N o ambulance man need ever fear he will go rusty if he will take an occa sional dose of the mental mixture contained within the covers of this splendid book . . . cannot conceive a better utilisation of space, a better treatise on this subject could not be written. . . the book for all, whether old hands or students.” “ A ‘ multum in parvo ’ o f the greatest value.” Price : In Cloth, 6cL net— by post In Leather, as. net— by post as. ad.

devoted

HAZEL

SERVICE

the

well-known

KITS

FOR

of all fighting, R ed Cross, and St. Joh n A m bulance Services. W R IT E FO R L IS T S .

OFFICERS

March, 1916.

—

F I R S T

Brevities. “ W e need your help— you may need ours.” T h is ex cellent point is contained in an appeal made by the Walthamstow D ivision of the Brigade to the local inhabitants. T h ere is a lot of truth in these few words, and if brought home forcibly to the genera' public— which is extraordinarily ignorant of the objects and services of the S .J.A .B .— many Corps and D ivisions would not be so crippled in their work from lack of funds. Particularly in these times should the Brigade be appreciated for the services which it is doing in connection with air raids is of the utmost use and importance.

*** W h i l e on this subject we notice that a correspondent in the N o rth -E a ste rn G azette suggests that am bulance men and women should attend their places of W orship on Sunday night in uniform with equipment. H e says that it is a great mistake to think that this precaution would tend to cause alarm. T o be forewarned is to be forearmed.

V A m b u l a n c e w ork ers w h o are on the sp o t c o u ld ren d er first a i d

at o n c e

in c a s e o f a n

air

raid, a n d

then

their fe llo w w o r k e r s fo r h e lp a t t h e s a m e tim e. farce fo r

a m a n s k i l l e d in a m b u l a n c e

a b o u t w ith o u t his

w ork

send

seem s a

h av e to go

“ to o ls.”

v < y-

A nother writer in the W estern E v en in g H e ra ld makes the excellent suggestion that the townspeople should train in first aid in order to render assistance in case of an air attack. W hile the subject is red hot in the minds of many people, Centre Secretaries and those interested in classes should be active to rope in those persons who have the inclination to take an interest in am bulance work.

* A n o t h e r addition to the laurels of the St. John A m bulance B rig a d e ! Sergeant T . M cN eill, of the Chopwell Division, has won the Distinguished Conduct Medal. Sergeant M cN e ill brought a wounded comrade out of the firing line under heavy shell fire, and probably saved his life in a double sense. H e got him under cover, and dressed the wounds with promptitude— a most important thing in war time.

*** a few people must have opened their eyes when they read M r. Ten nant’s statement in the H o use of Commons relating to the R oyal A rm y M edical Corps, whose prim ary function, he said, was the prevention of disease. T h is is the first war in which we have had the benefit of an organised sanitary service, and we owe it to that much maligned M inister, Lo rd H aldane. T h e need for it was emphasised by Mr. Tennant by reference to the arresting fact that in the N apoleonic wars only three per N ot

A I D ; —

1 69

cent, of the deaths was due to wounds, and ninty-seven per cent, to disease. T o prevent a recurrence of a lik e pro portion from disease, there has been evolved a system of sanitary squads, with water purifying sections and motor bacteriologilcal laboratories, w hile a Sanitary Com m ission sits perm anently at the W ar Office. S im ilar m achinery is being evolved for the A rm y in training at home. * * ii I n the Q ueen's N u r se s' M a g a zin e appears an article by Mrs. R id ding, hon. secretary, D istrict N ursing, St. Joh n A m bulance Brigade, Birm ingham Corps, on “ Organisation of St. John N ursin g D ivisio n s for H e lp in D istrict N ursing.” T h e writer describes how, follow ing an appeal by M iss Hayw ard, superintendent of the B ir mingham D istrict N ursing Society, St. Jo h n V .A .D . mem bers undertook to help the district nurses. It was arranged that visits were to be paid with a trained district nurse until the member was considered competent to deal with light cases under her supervision. “ N o infectious work, no Sunday duty, and no m idwifery.” A bag was to be provided by the Society containing all necessaries for the patients. T h e hours were to be 8.45 a.m. to 1 o’clock and 4.30 p.m. to 8 o’clock. M em bers were to be asked to

volunteer for a month of m orning or evening duty, were to present themselves at the headquarters of D .N .A . every day before beginning work. Out of first thirty volunteers only one was prepared to give

and the the any

continuous tim e ; she, however, was reported as very satisfactory. Other offers came in gradually, but there were not nearly enough to carry on the work, w hich was getting more urgent every week, and the creation of a new band of workers had to be undertaken. T h e workers, writes Mrs. R idd ing, “ frequently hesitate in an in explicable manner, but I often find I can dispel their doubts by pointing out that they are only to be looked upon as women who are w illing to help, and not as responsible trained nurses.” T h e plan has the approval of the Q .V .J .I., w hich considers that in view of the present shortage m inor cases can very well be undertaken by V .A .D . membdrs (o f course, under supervision), and the associations have been written to to that effect. * * * A m b u l a n c e men of the County of D urham are pleased to learn that the com petitions under the auspices of the D urham M ines Inspection A m bulance League are to be continued this year. It would have been an un desirable policy to abandon these highly beneficial com pe titions, w hich have been the means of doing such a splendid work among the m ining classes. T h e league was inaugurated by Mr. R . D onald Bain, of D urham , form erly chief mines inspector in the county, who presented a shield. T h is trophy and others which have been added are com peted for annually. T h is year’s com petitions will begin in A pril, and will conclude on M ay 16th.

170

— F I R S T

Railway Ambulance Men and the War. By kind perm ission of T h e Itid ia n A m bulance Gazette.

AID. —

March, 1916.

the benefit of something like 7,000 men, whose mental equipm ent in am bulance matters the railway companies stood sponsors. T h e num ber of railwaym en who can be perm itted to jo in the colours is necessarily lim ited, and it is well known that, with the full approval and concurrence of the G overn ment, the companies have been reluctantly com pelled to withhold perm ission in the case of a num ber of their ser vants desirous of entering the Forces. T h at they can be of equal value to the State in their railway capacity is evidenced by the response which has been forthcom ing to the exceptional calls made upon them in the conveyance of troops and war materials, quite apart from the every-day services necessary for the movement of people and the materials upon which the domestic welfare of the realm depends. It is pleasing to learn, however, that many rail waymen who have not enlisted have enrolled themselves in the V oluntary A id Detachm ents organised by the British R ed Cross Society, St. Joh n A m bulance Association, and sim ilar am bulance institutions, for duty in adm inistering to the needs of those members of the khaki-clad fighting line, now no longer thin, who have returned from the Front wounded, taking duties by rota often in the long night vigils which are not the least wearisome among hospital requirements. Others, whose calls will not perm it of their enrolling for such continued service, have readily voluntered to act as stretcher-bearers between train and hospital when special R ed Cross trains with their suffering freight arrive, bringing urgent demands for immediate removal to the sick ward. It is here that the value of the trained man is specially appreciated by the w ounded— the man who is skilled in the lifting and carrying of the injured, and is able to carry out the removal of stretchers, with their suffering burdens, from train to platform, with as little discom fort as possible to the patients. Those who so readily volunteer to assist in the transport often sacrifice many hours of their wellearned rest, although it need not be remarked that the sacrifices are w illingly made, those assisting being more than repaid by the knowledge that they have done their share in assisting the wounded. M any an ex-railwayman in

of course, not prim arily designed to subserve m ilitary exigencies, it is none the less a fact that the con tinuous stim ulus which the railway companies have infused into their employees has produced a large body of valuable human m aterial— anything but raw— upon which the country has drawn to meet the innum erable demands for trained am bulance practitioners. It may be useful to emphasise the fact that the trained am bulance worker usually becomes something more than that. H aving, step by step, proceeded through the first aid course, i.e., having gained the first-year proficiency the voucher of the second year, the m edallion of the third year, and label for m ain tenance and efficiency in succeeding years, the time arrives when he looks round for other worlds to conquer. H e not infrequently undergoes a course of instruction in home nursing ; jo in s the St. Joh n A m bulance Brigade or volun tary aid detachm ents; possibly enrols for voluntary service at m ilitary or naval nursing hospitals ; or enters the ranks of the R oyal A rm y M edical Corps, T e rrito ria l Forces. T h e point to notice is that, although these are outside the railway am bulance organisation, yet the initial im pulse which led the railwaym an to interest him self in these insti tutions is directly due to the active efforts of the railway company, who persuaded and encouraged him into his original bent, the study of first aid. H o w many railwaym en are at present strving their country and hum anity in field work, rest hospitals, or auxiliary m ilitary hospitals, during the prosecution of the war, it is im possible to sa y ; but of upwards of 72,000 railwaymen serving with the colours— about 11 per cent, of the railway p er so n n e l — it will be safe to assume that at least 10 per cent, are trained am bulance men, that being approxi mately the average proportion of am bulance workers to the total railway staff. A n d it is worth considering what this actually means. In the first place the railway am bulance worker, as a rule, stands for the best type of am bulance man. Not only is his actual experience of first aid treat ment more extensive and more varied, but, compared with others, his knowledge is also developed in other directions. W here else are organisations such as those upheld by the railway companies ? W e see all expenses covered, i.e., everything is provided free including text books, bandages, stretchers, first aid outfits, in fact all appliances required by the railway students ; and there is no class fee. N or is this more than the suit able setting in which the am bulance develop ment is conducted. Supervising the whole are am bulance committees, formed of specially experienced workers, who know that behind every well directed endeavour is the ready assistance and open purse o f their Com pany ; and, ready to help these committees with un stinted sympathy and ready co-operation may be indicated the whole body of railway officials. Perhaps, however, one of the most important first aid factors in the training available to the railway employee may be found in the annual com petitions which each Com pany organises on its own system, bearing the entire cost of judging and of the monetary or other B y courtesy ] [G. W .R . M agazine. awards. T h e contests culm inate in the com The winning team of the G .W .R . final ambulance competitions (Newport, petitions for the Inter-R ailw ay Challenge Shield. Dock St.) in the stretcher test, and Dr. J. M. Carvell, judging. The T h e naval and m ilitary forces now fighting have Directors’ Challenge Shield in the background. W h il st ,

— FIRST

March, 1916.

the combatant ranks has found grounds for thankful ness in his am bulance training, and cases are on record where the knowledge gained in classes sup ported by the railway companies has enabled lives to be saved by the im provised tourniquets or bandages, fashioned from handkerchief or torn-up clothing, turned to good purpose in arresting severe haemorrhage, and continu ance of which would have led the patient to death from loss of blood, allied to the inevitable shock of the injury. Enough, however, has been said to show that the railway ambulance workers constitute an invaluable asset in the widespread struggle into which the B ritish Em pire has thrown its battle forces. It is gratifying to record that the first Distinguished C onduct M edal gained by a member of the R .A .M .C . has gone to Sergt. E. W alch, hitherto an inspector in the goods department at Bolton of the L anca shire and Y o rksh ire Railway, and an am bulance enthusiast of long standing It only remains to add that among benefits that accrue from the diffusion of ambulance knowledge is the stim ulus to railwaymen to continue am bu lance work in the principle that underlies the whole of its activities, i.e., asking no other reward than the opportunity to relieve the sufferings of fellow creatures, as so many men are finding satisfaction in doing, realising that it is indeed a work in which consideration for others is the creative impulse and motive.

St.

John

Men

France.

W r i t i n g t o M r. H erbert Lewis, the deputy-commissioner of the St. John A m bulance at Cardiff, Colonel J. E. H . Davies, officer com m anding the 130th (St. Jo h n ) F ield Am bulance of the 38th W elsh D ivision, says :— “ I have not had the slightest trouble with the u n it ; every man is doing well and the unit retains the good record it had in England. We are now, I am glad to say, fairly hard at work. I have two sections up at advanced dressingstations, where I myself have spent a week. I am now a few miles behind the line with a hospital which holds, at a push, 60 patients, and I have one officer with me here. Besides sick, we have a num ber of bomb-wound cases, trench feet, etc. W e are gradually relieving t h e ------D ivision. T h e men are all keeping fairly well and fit, and so far we have had no fighting casualties in the unit. T h e weather has been hopeless since we have been out in France— rain every day alm ost— and flooded fields, swollen rivers, and bridges impassable in places. M y brother-inlaw, Peebles, is about fifteen miles away, and is S 1S.O. for a cavalry division. H e has a second time been mentioned in French’s dispatches.” M ajor A. W. Anderson, of the same unit, writes to Mr. Lewis :— “ There is one thing perhaps you might be able to help us in. A ll the units about here have gramophones, and they are really splendid things for those men who are off duty at night. Y o u see, they are billeted in barns, and there is absolutely nothing for the men to do with themselves in the evenings............................. U n fortu nately, we have lost our mascot bloodhound, and even if we had not lost it we would have had to get rid of it now, as an order has just come out saying that all dogs must be destroyed. T h e address of the unit, and the address that will always find us, is the 130th (St. Jo h n ) F ie ld Am bulance, 114th Brigade, 38th W elsh D ivisio n .”

AI D. —

S t John Jlmbulance Jlssoeiation. C a n a d i a n B r a n c h .— T h e annual report for 1915 announces that during the four years active work of the organisation in Canada, over 26,000 men and women have taken advantage of the opportunity offered through the classes of instruction to fortify themselves with a better knowledge of how to be of assistance to their fellow men in time of need. These figures tell a story of rem arkable progress in the work w hich the A ssociation has undertaken, and, in addition, provides proof of the eagerness with w hich the p u blic have taken advantage of the teaching provided. F o r the first three years of the active work of the A ssociation in 1911, 1912 and 1913, close upon 15,000 people had taken in struction of one kin d or another, and this was considered a remarkable record. D urin g the past twelve months, over 10,000 people have taken instruction, an increase on the previous year of over 4,000, and less than one-third below the figures for the three previous years. T h e instructional work has been taken up generally all over the D om inion, and while some of the P ro vin cial Councils have been more active than others, there has been a desire on the part of all to advance in the work. T h e R ailw ay Centres have continued to show progress, and the splendid record of the C anadian P acific R ailw ay Centre is particularly gratifying. T h e Inte rco lo n ia l R a il way has taken hold in a manner w hich has resulted in sub stantial progress, bringing up the percentage of trained men in the employ of this system to a m arked degree. T h e G rand T ru n k R ailw ay Centre is the infant organisation among railway employes, but as an organisation only, as many employes of the Com pany, in M ontreal particularly, have for several years taken up the work under the Q ue bec Centre, and are well qualified. At the present time the officials are spreading the good work over the entire system, until at this date classes have been started in twenty-six localities. One feature w hich the reports of the R ailw ay Centres serve to illustrate is the importance of the work from an econom ic standpoint, in addition to its hum anitarian side. T h e Canadian Pacific Railw ay Centre report shows over 1,000 accidents attended to by first aiders in one sm all shop alone, and the 800 cases handled by the intercolonial R ailw ay employes are but instances of what is going on every day in industrial establishments where first aid in s tru c tio n ^ encouraged.

I p s w i c h . — T h e annual report of the Centre shows that the year has been one full of activity. T h e work has been very hard, and great sacrifices of time and strength have been made by the members of the Ipsw ich Centre and Corps. T h e public response has been most generous, and the Centre can rejoice in seeing the fruits of its long years of preparation. E leven classes in first aid and home nursing were held during the year, and altogether 270 cer tificates, three vouchers. 15 m edallions and six labels were gained. T h e motor am bulance w hich began its work in Ju ly , 1914, has been a most useful asset to the Centre, travelling many thousand miles to and from hospitals and nursing homes. T h e report records the death of Col. G ibbs, who was on the D istrict Staff of the Brigade, and also Supt. Roberts, late of St. Jo h n ’s D ivision, who was lost in the “ R oyal E dw ard.” T h e finances of the Centre show a balance in hand of £ 2 2 15s. 9d.

BRITISH

Notes

and

RED CROSS SOCIETY.

News.

T h e hospital suits, say T he H o sp ita l, issued to patients in the V oluntary A id Detachm ent hospitals have been severely criticised, particularly at Cam bridge, where the County Director, the Vice-Presidents, and Com m andants of this branch of the B ritish R ed Cross Society have applied to the Surgeon-General for an issue of the ordinary blue hospital suits. T h is is not the first time such an appli cation has been made, but it has generally been refused on the ground of an insufficient supply of the material. Grey clothing has been permitted, but this is what is objected to so strongly, on the ground, it was urged, that the cut of the clothes made them resemble pyjamas ! T h e colour, though apparently not very popular, was not so much criticised as the cut, or absence of cut. So keenly is this defect felt that one speaker at a meeting of Cam bridge Com m andants suggested starting a fund to provide the men with an alternative to “ this terrible dress.”

* * * Scotland’s first R e d Cross hospital ship, S t. M a rg a ret o f Scotland, was formally inspected at Glasgow on M arch 7th, and the following day Lady Beatty declared the vessel open for public inspection prior to sailing for service. T h e vessel has been entirely fitted out and equipped, under A dm iralty supervision, by the Scottish branch of the R ed Cross Society, which raised ^ 2 1 ,0 0 0 from flag days in 700 towns and villages in Scotland. * * * A n im portant extension of the work of the Joint Com mittee of the R ed Cross Society and the O rder of St. John is the appointment, with the approval of the W ar Office, of a R ed Cross Com m issioner for B ritish East Africa. T h e Joint Committee has been fortunate in securing the services of Colonel James Montgomery, C.S. I., who w ill start at once for East A frica with a staff and a large consignm ent of stores.

In the H ouse of Com m ons last month M r. Watt questioned the Under-Secretary for W ar with regard to the fact that nurses in uniform passing backward and forward to France are not granted the same privilege as soldiers, or any advantages over the general public, in having their passes examined. M r. Tennant replied that nurses in the uniform of the Queen A lexandra’s Im perial M ilitary N ursing Service, and others who travel with m ilitary warrant, embark and disem bark from m ilitary gangways, and are on the same footing as soldiers. Ladies tem porarily employed as nurses with certain voluntary organisations, who do not travel on m ilitary warrants or under m ilitary orders, pass the exam ination of passports as

all passengers do. T h e regulations to this effect were drawn up by the Fren ch and B ritish M ilitary Authorities, and are necessary in order to prevent impersonation. * * * A correspondent, writing to the N u r s in g T im es, says : I t is with much regret we learn from V .A .D . nurses re cently returned from France that in many of the hospitals these untrained women with scarcely any, or at the most, only a few months’ training are left “ in ch arg e ” of our really sick and wounded soldiers, while so many trained and capable nurses have to remain at home in V .A .D . con valescent hospitals. W hat is the reason of th is? Is it that the B ritish R ed Cross Society thinks that trained women require to go on probation in convalescent hospitals while the V .A .D .’s (untrained) are considered capable of taking charge of those who should be having the very best of our nursing skill ? O r is it they prefer to accept these V .A .D .’s because the majority of them will give their ser vices free ? W e think this correspondent has a very vague idea of the system of caring for the wounded which now prevails. These outbursts of professional jealousy, to say the least, are in very bad taste. T h e work which the V .A .D . members are doing has received praise from all quarters, and because in a few instances they have been placed “ in charge ” of a hospital over the head of a trained nurse they should be stigmatised in the press is very unfortunate. After all merit will tell. * * * T h e following announcem ent appeared in the London G azette of M arch 3rd :

H is M ajesty the K in g has been graciously pleased to confer the R oyal R ed Cross, 2nd Class, on the underm en tioned ladies, in recognition of their valuable services and devotion to duty from August to November, 1914, whilst working under the Belgian R e d Cross in F la n d e rs :— M iss C. E . A . Thorpe, M atron. T h e H onourable Angela M anners, Sister (organiser of the “ M anners A m bulance ”). * * *

L ib e l damages, amounting to ^ 5 0 0 , were awarded in the K in g ’s B ench on the 14th inst. to M iss Swanhilde Bulau, editor of th e N u r s in g Tim es, and Messrs. M acm illian, the publishers, against Mrs. Bedford Fenw ick and the N ursing Press, Ltd. Certain statements were com plained of appearing in the B r itis h J o u r n a l o f N u r s in g as being untrue. M rs. Bedford Fenw ick, in evidence, said she wrote the article without spite and on patriotic grounds. T h e Judge held that M iss B ulau was undoubtedly a B ritish subject now, and an undertaking was given not to repeat the attacks.

— F I R S T

March, 1916.

i 73

AID. —

EVERYTHING

IODEX | (Unft todi M *J)

A septic.

FIRST-AID

that the Professional or Voluntary Nurse requires can be obtained instantly at our Nurses’ Equip ment Section with everything correct as to detail, and reliable in every possible way. F ro m the bonnet to the shoes we supply the outfit complete or as desired, with an expert regard to the requirements of whatever Hospital or Nursing Establish ment for which it is intended. Nurses speak in the most gratifying manner, of our quick, thoughtful service, and of the great durability and reliability of the articles we supply.

A BLAND & PA IN LESS — IODIN E D R E S S I N G . —

A n tise p tic .

IO D E X has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u rg e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u rg e o n s , Red C ro s s S u rg e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F ra n c a ls e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F re n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

I0D EX is sold in 1 o z. Pots, Price

A ll N u rses are co rd ia lly invited lo v isit this departm ent w ithout being placed under any obligation to purchase.

C a ll, 'P hon e o r W rite f o r Illu s t ra te d Catalogue.

1/3.

Hospital & General Contracts Co., Ltd.

10 D E X has benefitted the follow ing a?id numerous other conditions: E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itr e . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s itis , S y n o v it is , S c ia tic a , N e u r it is , G ou t, R h e u m a to id A r t h r it is , H y d r o c e le , P a r a s it ic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o r m , C h ilb la in s , A cn e, B o lls , M u m p s . S p r a in s , AND A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S .

( N u rs e s ’ E q u ip m e n t S e c tio n ) , D ep t. 6 . in N avy.

L ite ra tu re

a p p lic a tio n

Menley & James, Ltd.,

to—

39, F a r rln g d o n R oad, LONDON, E.C.

British Red Cross Society. C ounty of L ondon B r a n c h .— T h e County of London Branch has suffered a heavy loss by the death of Sir George Pragnell, who had closely identified him self with Red Cross work in a variety of ways. O nly last year he successfully formed a division in the Borough of Lewisham, and so well directed were his efforts that he achieved ad mirable results in a com paratively brief period. H e was unceasing in his efforts on behalf of the wounded soldiers, and, happily, he infused the p erso n n el of the division with his enthusiasm. H is influence w ill long be felt by R ed Cross workers in the borough.

C h e l s e a . — In this division there are five women’s detachments, having an aggregate strength of 501 members. D uring the last month there were five resignations and 28 enrolments. As to employment, it is stated that there is no change to be noted, except L 172 has withdrawn from the Chelsea V .A .D . hospital. There were 38 members on special nursing s e r v ic e 18 at home and 20 abroad. Fifty-five volunteered for general service. H .R .H . Princess V icto ria takes a great interest in the local R ed Cross V .A .D . hospital. She and H .M . Queen Alexandra visited the hospital on the 21st of last month. Mrs. A lla n offers some criticism s on the work done by the County Office and on the financial position of the

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County of London Branch. H e r report w ill be laid before the Branch Com m ittee and her comments will, no doubt, receive the consideration they merit. Hackney. — T h e Storm ount H o use R ed Cross V.A.D., which was opened by the R t. H o n . the L o rd M ayor of London on the 29th January, is now in full operation and the hon. secretary of the division is to be congratulated on the success that has crowned her efforts. D ifficulty is experienced in finding suitable officers for new detachments and the extension of R e d Cross work in the borough is in consequence impeded. E a rly last year it was pointed out by the County Secretary that a Central T rain in g College or School is needed. But so far as is known no definite step has been taken to meet the requirement, though a notice has lately ap peared in the Press that a proposal to establish a C entral T ra in in g College for R e d Cross nurses is under considera tion. It might be thought that this requirem ent could be met in the large m etropolitan hospitals.

A ll com m unications with regard to work in M ilitary H ospitals (other than that of the T ra in ed N urse) should be addressed to the Chairm an (M rs. Furse), Jo in t W om en’s V .A .D . Committee, D evonshire House, P iccadilly, London, W ., who will put inquirers in touch with the various County Organisations. W e are glad to note that the appointment of a man to supervise the work of the women V .A .D . members has been rescinded. T h ere w ill shortly be many openings for dispensers and typists.

174

Queries and Jlnswers Correspondents.

— F I R S T

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top lept hand corner of the envelope “ Query," and addressed— F i r s t A ir>, 46, Cannon-street, London, E . C. 2 .— A l l Queries ?nust be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon ” cut from the current issue op the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. 3 . — Queries are invited on F irst-A id , Home-Nursing and HomeHygiene as these are o f general interest. These w ill be answered in F i r s t A i d i f space permits.

4•— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

F. D .— I should be glad if I could trespass on your valuable space so far as to ask for a concise statement of the exact distinctions between PPeatstroke and Sunstroke. Both the B.R.C. Manual and W arwick & Tunstall’s Manual appear to differ on several points, e.g., as to the (a) Causes, (b) Signs and symptoms, (c) The giving or withholding of any form of stimulant. W arwick & Tunstall give as one of the signs of Heatstroke a low body temperature, whilst, on the contrary, the B.R.C. Manual denotes a temperature of 107— n o degs. or over in the same case. Presumably the general First-Aid treatment is broadly the same in both instances. The discrepancy noted is more apparent than real, and rests on the difficulty of summarising a very wide subject for First-Aid purposes. Each Authority sets out what are to him the most striking features of the conditions, which vary in their effects with some well known contributory causes, especially fatigue, dissipation, ill-health, & c. I f we realise that Sunstroke and Heatstroke are due to the depressant effects on the Nervous System of H eat alone, and that certain Brain Centres may he.prim arily affected, then our difficulties are minimised. Thus, they may show them selves in three form s- ( 1 ) Syncope (heart centre), (2) Asphyia (respiratory and heart centres), or (3I High Fever (vaso-motor centre)— and the symptoms will vary with the form presented. A p a rt, therefore, from the source of heat, solar or artificial, there is absolutely no difference in Cause, Signs, Symptoms and Treatment.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . V .A .D . (Gloster /60) asks for a brief review of the origin of “ First-Aid.” First A id — as a Science — is the direct outcome of war. Following the Geneva Convention (1864) a wave of enthusiasm for ambulance work in time o f w ar spread throughout Europe, and National A id Societies were founded in the various countries. It was soon realised that such Voluntary Aid could avail little, unless and until its exponents were prepared and trained in days o f peace. The result was that in 1877 the Order of St. John inaugurated a special department— known as the St. John Ambulance Association— which instructed, examined and certified its members in the science and art of First Aid. Experience again proved that for ambulance work in war individual excellence was not sufficient, and that individuals must learn the value of co-operation and combination. To further this object, the St. John Ambulance Brigade was founded in 1883, and the English National Aid Society received in 1908 the Royal Charter with the title of the British Red

AID. —

March, 1916.

Cross Society. These two Societies, then initiated, under the direct control and supervision of the W ar Office, the Voluntary Aid Detachments, whose prime object is to anticipate the requirements of war in days of peace. Thus, the needs of war started the study and practice of First-Aid, which was— for tuition purposes— adapted to the necessities of civilian emergencies and in process of time again modified to comply with the special exigencies of war. First A id — as a Title — is an abbreviation for “ First-Aid to the Injured.” Its precise origin is obscure, but Dr. Cantlie says that it was proposed by some person unknown at one of early meetings in 1877. I surmise that, as the problem of treating wounded soldiers involves three stages —f ir s t treatment, transport, and base hospital—and that, as National A id Societies occupied much popular attention at that time, the combination of F ir s t A id suggested itself as a natural sequel. Incidentally, Dr. Esmarch introduced civilian First Aid into Germany, and hit upon the term “ Samaritan Society” as the only equivalent translation of our title “ First Aid.” It is interesting to know that he received his introduction to the subject in London, where he witnessed at a Medical Congress a demonstration by some members of the City Police under Dr. Cantlie’s supervision and instruction. F i r s t A i d — o r a P eriodical — w a s e s t a b l i s h e d in 1885, a n d fo r t h e p a s t t w e n t y - o n e y e a r s h a s s t e a d i l y p u r s u e d its p u r p o s e o f i n s t r u c t i n g c i v i l i a n s in t h e s t u d y o f F i r s t A i d .

It first used the term “ First Aider ” ; and, as an indepen dent organ devoted to Ambulance W ork, it has favoured in noteworthy fashion that combination of medical and lay enthusiasm, without which First Aid could not have originated or have prospered as it has done, and upon which the steady development of First A id into an exact science— allied to, but independent of, M edicine— has gradually been evolved.— N. C o r b e t

Fletcher.

St. John

V.A.D.

Voluntary A id Detachment London 248 of the St. Joh n Am bulance will open a H ospital at 87, Eatonsquare, for W ounded Soldiers. T h e house is given by the Countess of Dundonald. T h e Detachment propose to start sixty beds, named by donors of p f i o each. Subscriptions are also asked towards the upkeep of the H ospital, as, owing to the increase in the price of food and drugs, the W ar Office grant will by no means cover it. About two shillings per day extra per man is needed, and subscriptions of 5s , 103 , and _£ 1 weekly would be most gladly received. T here will be a trained Nursing Staff, and the loan of furniture for their quarters would be most acceptable. T h e Com m andant is M rs. Georges, 32, Dover-street, London, W., who will gladly receive all contributions sent to her. T he

M r. E M. Clarke, head of the M otor Department of the Joint W ar Committee, reported at a recent meeting of that Com m ittee that, including the new convoys just com pleted, there would soon be five full convoys of am bulance cars at work on the B ritish Front, two on the French Front, and one on the Ita lia n Front. In addition, there are con voys at Boulogne, H avre, R ouen, Calais and Etaples. In cluding Hom e convoys, there have already been provided 1,171 ambulances, 84 Lorries, 9 repair wagons, 15 soup kitchens, 304 touring cars, and 70 motor bicycles ; making a total of 1,653 motor-driven vehicles. O R Sale.— Part-worn Grey Overcoats, good condition, 9s. 6d. each. Very suitable ambulance work.— Apply, Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, E.C .

— F I R S T

March, 1916.

i 75

AID. -

The Work for every earnest First Aid Worker Subjects T reated ; Anatomy. Physiology. Bacteriology. Elementary Pharmacy. Public Hygiene. Hygiene for Nurses. A ir, W a te r, Soil, etc. Houses for the People. T he Nursing of Phthisis. T rop ical Diseases. Electrical Treatm ent. X -R a y Treatment. Invalid Cookery. Sickroom Recipes. Massage. C are of the Insane. M id w ifery and M onthly Nursing. Inflammation and Gangrene. C erebral Concussions. Hot Packs: Fomentations. Arterial Haemorrhage. W ashing out the Stomach. C u p p in g : Leeches. Gunshot W o u nd s. Enemata. Neurasthenia. Injections. Infected W o u n d s. Application of Heat. Leiter's Tubes. H o w to lay out the Dead. Cerebral Excitement after Injury. Functional Disorders. M ale Nursing. Army Nursing. Queen A lexan d ra's M ilitary Nursing. Royal Arm y M edical Corps. Heart A ffections. Chest Affections. Nursing Staffs in Hospitals. C are of the Aged. C are of C hildren. Practical Details. Splints. Fractures. Bandages. Tourniquets. Diets and Treatm ents (Special). Surgical and A ccident Cases. Haemorrhage. W o u n d s. Epileptic Fits. Fainting Fits. Common Poisons. A ll First A id Treatments. Accidents and Emergencies. Burns and Scalds. H o w to Prepare for an Operation. After the Operation. Appliances, etc., etc. Exercises. Prescriptions. Training Schools and Nursing Institutions. Nursing in Poor L a w Institutions. T h e L a w Relating to Nurses. M edical Glossary.

F R E E

\ T o You Get to know all a b o u t it fro m the

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Few

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H o w w ould )o u massage for co n stipa tion, indigestion, and sciatica respec tively ? See “ M assage.” W h at are antip yretics, aphrodisiacs, caustics, diuretics, sedatives and styptics respectively ? G iv e exam ples o f two drugs in each of these classes W h a t are hyperderm ic injectio ns, enemata, oleates and suppositories re spectively ? See “ E le m e n ta ry P h a rm a cy .” D efine the difference between sym p toms and signs of disease. IIo w w ould you deduce, m erely from the attitude of the patient in bed, the presence o f cere bral irrita tio n , ch ron ic m eningitis, acute pleu risy, bro nchitis, pericarditis, heart disease and angina tespeclively ? O f what is cyanosis (blueness) an in dication ? A n d dilatation of the n ostrils ? Puffiness under the eyes? W h a t is the H ippocratic face? A n d w hat does it denote ? W h at is a “ stom ach cough ? ” O f what is in distin ct, stum bling speech a sign ? D escribe the sputem in acute pneu m onia ; and in early and late br nchitis respectively ? In what diseases does oedema o f the feet and legs occur? Nam e three conditions w hich produce distension of the abdom en? Flo w w ould you test for blood in the urine ? H o w do you recognise an outbreak of “ shingles ? See “ S ig n s and Sym ptom s of

D isease.”

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F I R S T AID AND

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JO H N

THE

AM BULANCE Edited by A R T H U R

No.

262.

VOL.

XXII To

[N ew S e r ie s .]

Our

APRIL,

1916.

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ED ITORIAL W hen

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A id

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Journ al of this k in d we acknowledged the responsibility to be great, and we know that such a Journal as this

----

GAZETTE.

DALE. [E n tered a t S ta tio n ers’ H a ll.]

'26

NUftL^PoST^F re

practical stim ulus to hum anitarian endeavours, and con tribute to the growth of the St Joh n m o vem en t; at any rate it w ill lead to a better understanding of the work and its difficulties and a fuller recognition and appre ciation of each. T here is no necessity to point to the striking record of the St. Joh n A m bulance Association and Brigade, for the past 19 months of war has shown the value of its w o rk ; but never was a field more inviting and fertile than that in w hich it finds itself to-day. T h e value of first aid training has been demonstrated beyond peradventure, and its teaching is now being recognised as a necessary adjunct to everyone’s education. M ore par ticularly should this fact be recognised in in du strial districts, for the taking care of accidents that are an unavoidable accom panim ent of industry is a valuable addition to its working m achinery. In our new sphere, as being so closely identified with the St. Joh n movement, it w ill be our endeavour to give each month a complete record of the various phases of its work, and at the same time to publish practical articles which are of use and interest to our readers.

may have a powerful influence which

should only be used

for the furtherance of good and

have received several letters from our readers who are members of the H o m e H o sp ital Reserve asking us endeavoured, as earnest supporters of the F irst A id move what is their position under the M ili ment, to make the Journ al serve the purpose for which tary Service Act, 1916. Th ese men it was originated, and that our efforts have not been came up for service before the order was issued by the in vain is evidenced by the fact of the testimony we Brigade A uthorities that no more men were to be constantly receive o f its useful purpose. O nly this enrolled in the Reserve except for general service. It month we received the following message from the must be borne in m ind that when members of the Officer in Com m and of the No. 4 Cavalry F ie ld Am bu M .H .H .R . were called up they were drafted into the lance : “ T h e publication is most useful and greatly R .A .M .C ., and autom atically ceased to belong to the appreciated by the unit.” Such remarks as these are a source Reserve. A s members of the R .A .M .C . they are entirely of gratification to us, and is the bestreward we can have. under the control of the M ilitary Authorities, and are W ith this issue of F i r s t A i d we are launching on subject to the M ilitary Service and other A cts neces a new era of our history. O ur readers will observe that sitated by war exigencies in the same way as civilians the title of the Journal has been changed to F i r s t A i d of m ilitary age are com pelled to com ply with orders a n d t h e S t . J o h n A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e , and from this issued by the Governm ent. month onward there will be incorporated the official Some members o f the Reserve inform us that if news of the Am bulance Departm ent of the Order of St. they had been aware they would have been called up John, w hich will be published under the sub-title of the for general service they would not have joined that “ St. Jo h n A m bulance Gazette.” W ith this incorporation Reserve. B ut under existing conditions, if eligible, they we hope the Journ al will be able to serve as a more would have to come up under the M ilitary Service A ct useful objects.”

Throughout these past years we have

W e

The M ilitary Home Hospital Reserve.

- K 1 R S T

Jh e Grand ?riocg of the Grder of the Jtospital of S t. Jo h n oi Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

Jh e

No. . District.

S t.

J\mbutance

Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

A c t in g , d e p u t y co m m issio n e r :

' W.

Jo h n

DEPARTMENT.

------

W IN N Y .

M A Y, 1916. Sundry Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 7th.— No. 46 Division, Ilford. „ 14th.— No. 42 „ Barnet. „ 21 st.— No. 64 „ St. Pancras. „ 28th.— No. n „ Wembley and Harlesden. 2:30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. As per separate orders. Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. R E V IE W

O F S P E C IA L C O N S T A B L E S , “ W ” D IV IS IO N . At the Review of Special Constables “ W ” Division by Sir Edward W ard, on Streatham Common, on Saturday, April 8th, various Ambulance organisations working m that district in connection with am raid work were invited to be present. O f the total the St. John Ambulance Brigade members and Nurses formed a large proportion. The Commander of the Special Constables in expressing his thanks for the attendance of the St. John contingent, says that it contributed in no small degree to the unqualified success of the parade, and that S ir Edward W ard was greatly interested in it. ARM LETS. A further supply of armlets has now been obtained, and will be issued to members registered at Headquarters for air raid work who have not already received them. It will be convenient if Superintendents and M /i/c will apply, giving the names for whom the armlets are intended for air raid work only, and must be returned when no longer required. A few respirators are still available. C A L L S T O M IL IT A R Y S E R V IC E O R W A R W ORK. Superintendents and Members in Charge of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions should, where there is any likelihood of a member holding office in the Division being called up for Service or Hospital work, arrange well in advance for the provision of a substitute to carry on the work. For example, the Officer in Charge ought to be replaceable at once by a member as well qualified as possible, and the Secretaries of all Divisions should be assisted by another member who should be in a position to take up the work in the event of the Secretary or other Officer being called for Service. As members are called up for Service and become unavailable for the work of the Brigade, notification should be sent to Headquarters stating for what kind of Service the men or Nursing Sisters have been called. It will be a great convenience if this return can be made monthly. A N N U A L IN S P E C T IO N S . The replies to D.O. 70 issued last month have been very poor, and valuable time is being lost. Members in Charge should give the matter careful consideration and reply at the earliest possible moment. A P P O IN T M E N T S . The following have been appointed Ambulance Officers after passing the prescribed examination :— E. G. Dalston, No. 44 West London Division ; F. Claridge, No. 11 Wembley and Harlesden D ivision ; J. J. Chase, No. 10 St. M ark’s Division ; E. W . Jackson, No. 10 St. M ark’s Division. The appointments to date from A pril 5th, 1916. Nursing Sister, Mrs. M. Read, has been appointed as

AI L)

Apri l, 1 9 1 6

Nursing Officer of the East Ham No. 8 Division to date from March 18th, 1916. (Signed) W. H. W IN N Y , A ctin g Deputy-Commissioner.

Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. No. 3 District. K e t t e r i n g . — T his Division, which owing to the war had become seriously depleted in numbers, has by the exertions of the Officers been brought up to strength and is now in a flourishing condition. Enemy air raid Stations have been established at seven points of the town and have been fully equipped with men and material. On Tuesday, A pril 4th, over a hundred first aid certificates were presented to success ful candidates in recent examinations by Mr. W . Timpson who has been a keen supporter of the movement for many years. Promotion E. Claypole to be Divisional Secretary, and Hon. Hon. Sergeant (temporary) to date from February 22nd, 1916.

No. 4 District. S a l f o r d . — The members of this Nursing Division held a very successful social evening on March 30th, at their Head quarters, Broughton-road Schools, Pendleton, the occasion being the presentation of an entre-dish to Dr. W. H. Prentice, of Pendleton, Hon. Surgeon to the Division. The invitation was extended to the Salford Division S.J.A.B., several members being present, including a surprise visit from their Hon. Divisional Surgeon-Captain R. D. Cran,, R .A .M .C.(T.), who is at present home on short sick-leave. Lady Supt. Cran made the presentation on behalf of the Nursing Division and Dr. Prentice suitably replied. Capt. Cran, who spoke of the work of the R.A.M .C., gave some humorous illustrations of army life and complimented the Nursing Division on its developement and efficiency. The evening progressed splendidly with songs and recitations, etc., by members, light refreshments being partaken of in the interval. The proceedings closed with the whole gathering standing and singing the National Anthem, and “ Auld Lang Syne.”

No. 6 District.

The Year Book and Directory for 1916 of the District has just been published. It contains a record of the district for the year October 1st, 1913, to September 30th, 1915. During this period the membership of the district has increased by leaps and bounds. In the year 1913-1914 the total membership was 5,613, it now stands at 10,062, consisting of 6,660 members of ambulance and 3,402 members of nursing divisions. Thirty-two ambulance and 31 nursing divisions have been formed in 1915, One new corps was established by the members of the Elsw ick W orks Division, known as Armstrong-Whitworth Corps, and promises to be one of the most useful in the brigade. Some members of the corps are on constant duty at the Elsw ick Works. At Newcastle-on-Tyne the greatest energy is shown in brigade organisation. The Newcastle-on-Tyne Division has so outgrown its size that has been split up into four divisions— there are now 11 ambulance and seven nursing divisions in the City of Newcastle. The district has lost 25 members by death on active service including Dr. A. W. Scott, district superintendent, and 15 by death from other causes. The work of tbe corps and division has been almost exclusively on W ar Service, and the district has mobilised 2,843 members for the Reserves, in addition to 324 members having enlisted in the R.A.M .C. direct. Thirty-one V.A. Hospitals have been established in No. 6 District up to September 30th, 1915, and all are doiug good service, some 7,891 cases being treated in them. The transport

— F I R S T

Apr i l , 1 91 6.

work has developed into a most important section, especially in the counties of Northumberland and Durham. In Northumberland, the work is under the charge of District Transport Officer Reuben Hodgson, who carries out the transport work of sick and wounded, arriving by convoys at the ist Northern General Hospital and the Northumber land W ar Hospital. Nearly 3,000 patients have been dealt with—a fleet of twelve motor ambulances being at the disposal of the brigade. Tbe Cinematograph Exhibitors’ Association gave one car outright to the brigade. In Durham, Transport Officer Q. A. Nicol has, at Sunderland, carried out the transport of 1,100 cases arriving by train for the hospitals in the Sunderland area, and, in addition, has removed all patients to conva lescent homes. An important branch of transport work has been the organisation of transport for the medical arrangements in coast defences of the Tyne and Tees Garrisons, in event of emergencies. For this, a large number of motor cars are under the control of the transport officer of each county. There is also contained in the Year Book a list of the members of the district who have died on active service, and it also contains much other useful information concerning

179

A I D -

A special course of training in Home Nursing has recently been given by Dr. Southey, assisted by Sergt. W. Beecher, B.A., and the examination was held on A pril 14th, report not yet to hand. It is the object of the Divisional Surgeon and the Superintendent to raise the brigade up to the highest state of efficiency for public service. Arrangements are now in hand for an Ambulance Satur day, to be held on May 27th, in the form of a house to house collection, with flags in the street for sale at id. in support of a scheme the President desires, that is an up to date and fully equipped ambulance service for this old and ancient Borough town of Maidstone, also to assist the newly-formed Nursing Division in its equipment for service locally. The Nursing Division under Acting Lady Superintendent Mrs Blackett, steadily increases, and it is hoped to raise its numbers up to 30 before the end of the Brigade year. They have been receiving a special course of training under Dr. Lobb during the past three months, who as Acting Divisional Surgeon, is taking a keen interest in its formation and establishment. It is worthy to record that Superintendent P. W. Hawkes has completed over 16 years ambulance service, and it is a great help to any division to have an officer in charge with such a

Photo by]

N u r sin g

Staff

the

Suffolk

H all

R ed

C ross

H ospital,

[M a rty n Bros., Cheltenham C heltenham .

the district, including a tabulated list of the various corps and divisions.

splendid voluntary service as the Superintendent of M aid stone.

No. 8 District.

No. 10 District.

M a i d s t o n e . — T his

division still continues to make steady progress, its present strength is now 65 ; many members have joined up with the colours, besides practically all the remaining are doing V.A .D . work, either at V.A .D . hospitals or transport duty. The Town Council has provided a central ambulance station for the town under the control of the Division, which has been fully equipped with all up-to-date first aid appliances. Several more prominent gentlemen have become vice-pre sidents of the Division, and it is receiving the support of the public generally, it being a general custom for the men to be on duty at all public functions. Thanks to the energy of Sergt. A. J. S. Maxted, the hon. secretary, assisted by Sergts. A. J. Pickard and W. Beecher, and members, complete arrangements have been made to call out the brigade in the event of an air raid, which has already proved satisfactory by the summons given when hostile craft has been in the district.

F e l i x s t o w e . — Two members of this Division, Supt. W . G. Em ery and Sergt. E. A. Burrows have been awarded the Service Medal of the Brigade. At a recent gathering of the Division, Colonel Elliston, the Deputy Commissioner of the District, presented the decorations, and in congratulating the recipients, thanked them for the help they had given him dur ing the war. The Felixstowe Division has 24 men out of a total strength of 48, on active service. L o w e s t o f t .— On March 25th the Brooke Ambulance Division held a competition amongst its members for the “ Brooke ” challenge cup. The competing squads were drawn up as follows :— Squad No. 1, B. Hancock (capt.), H. Howes, J. Fletcher, S. Chaplin and S. Belts. Squad No. 2, H. Juler (capt.), C. Edwards, S. Artis, F. Capps and S. Meadows. Squad 3, H. Coleby (capt.), G. Harrison, C. Larke, W . Leist and G. Coleman.

i8o

— F I R S T

After taking all points into consideration, Dr. Perryawarded the cup to No. 3 Squad. W hen the result was declared, Supt. A. J. Harper thanked Mr. Mawdsley Brooke (who was accompanied by Mrs. Brooke) for the generous support he had always given to the Division ever since its formation, and for his generosity in presenting the cup to the division. Mr. Mawdsley Brooke replied, saying that he was very pleased indeed to see the keenness amongst the members, and the way they were making themselves proficient in first aid, and that he'had great pleasure in presenting the Challenge Cup to the winning squad, and’ handed the cup to H. Coleby, the winning captain. No. 12 (Irish) District.

W . & R . J a c o b & Co.’s D i v i s i o n . — In the winter of 1905-06 a men’s first aid class was formed in connection with the well-known biscuit factory in Dublin, as it was felt by many connected with this business that in a large industrial organisa tion where accidents, despite all precautions, are almost inevit able, there should be persons trained to afford first help to injuries. The lecturer, Dr. G. P. Cope, had the satisfaction of seeing his pupils of this class, with one exception, pass suc cessfully and start a division of the brigade, which is, in point of seniority, fourth in the Irish District. From its formation to the present day the division has preserved its keenness and has done consistently good first aid work. The average number of accidents treated by its members for the past five years has been from 800 to 900 per year. Wherever Dublic duty has been ordered a full muster was always present, and during the visit of King George to Ireland in 1911, the division was on duty in the streets and at the Royal Review. In 1912. the Iveagh Cup, the blue riband of the Irish ambulance world, was won by this division. At the outbreak of war, almost all members volunteered for service with the R.A .M .C., and slightly over three-fourths were accepted and are serving in various parts of the world. Another member, ineligible for army service, is with the Hospital of Friendship in Belgium. T h is division owes much to the keen interest and generosity of the directors of W . & R. Jacob & Co., who have helped and supported its work in every possible manner, and who have fitted out two motor ambulances for the transport of wounded from hospital ships, at which work the remaining members of the division are engaged. The division have had the honour of having its divisional surgeon and divisional superintendent appointed on the district staff, as district treasurer and district superintendent respectively. C l o n m e l . — The annual meeting of the Division and Detachment of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held in the Town Hall, Clonmel, on the 19th of March. The Hon. Mrs. De la Poer, the Lady Superintendent, was in the chair. Prior to the meeting the nurses were in spected by Dr. Lumsden, the Deputy Commissioner. The Hon. Mrs. De la Poer gave a very interesting account of the work accomplished by her detachment. She said a num ber of the members were now serving abroad in military hospitals, and the V.A .D . had collected a substantial sum of money, had sent a very large number of articles of clothing to the Central Depot, and had organised a sub-depot under the Irish W ar Hospital Supply Depot scheme, the latter branch of their work being now carried on with enthusiasm and success, and they had been complimented many times for the excellence of their supplies. It was now proposed to hold a Farmers’ Gift Sale in the district to raise funds to carry on, and also to assist the Lim erick Soldier Buffet and Prisoners of W ar Fund, and they hoped to raise a very substantial sum in this tway. Interesting speeches were made by several speakers, in cluding the Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Bagwell, and Mr. M cClel land. Dr. Lumsden complimented the members on their splendid efforts, telling something of the work done by the No. 12 D is trict since the war began, and he paid tribute to the splendid organising power and solid work of the popular Commandant, Major Dobbin, to whose efforts, tact and mature judgment a

AID. —

April, 1916.

great deal of the success of the Clonmel U nit was due. Dr. Lumsden also explained the new Joint V.A .D . scheme for V .A .D .’s in Ireland, which in future would come under the jurisdiction of the Joint Irish V.A .D . Committee, of which a well-known local man, Lord Donoughmore, was chairman. At the conclusion of the meeting a series of groups of photographs of the Nursing Division was presented to Mrs. De la Poer by the Deputy Commissioner on behalf of the Detachment, which he said was a small momentoofthe esteem, respect, gratitude and loyalty of her officers and nursing sisters. D U B L I N . — During the past quarter the Building Trades’ Division has men every Monday night for practice and drill. The constant attendance and keenness displayed by the members has been very gratifying. A First Aid Class has been held, by kind permission of the Dublin Building Trades Employers’ Association, in the Council Chamber, Commercial Buildings. Dr. C. F. M. Judd kindly gave his services as lecturer, and about thirty men attended the course. Some of the more efficient members acted as instructors for the practical work at the close of the lectures. . . A large number of members of the Division attended a course of advanced First Aid Lectures held by Dr. Mather Thompson, which were of great value to the men. Great assistance has been given by members of the Division to the Irish W ar Hospital Supply Depot, 40, MernonSquare. The men have attended every Thursday night to pack boxes and address bales, etc., and in many ways have given most valuable aid. On St. Patrick’s Day the Division paraded at Rathfarnham and joined the other D ivisions in the Dublin District and marched to the C ivil Service Rifle Club Grounds on Tick Knock. The day was spent in field exercises, stretcher work, etc. After a most enjoyable and strenuous day’s work the parade dismissed at Rathfarnham. The Division has now reached the necessary number of men to form a Corps, and therefore a Dublin Trades’ Corps is now to be formed. The Divisions will in future be known by their firm’s n a m e , the firstfour c o m p l e t e d Divisions being Messrs. McLaughlin & Harvey’s Division ; Messrs. Keatinges, Ltd., D ivision ; Messrs. R o m e & Co.’s Division and Messrs. Brooks, Thomas & Co.’s Division. Officers for these various Divisions will be appointed in due course.

A d v a n c e d L e c t u r e s i n F i r s t A iD .- O n March 14th was concluded the last of a series of six lectures given by Dr. Mather Thompson, district surgeon in No. 12 District, on “ First A id.” These lectures were advanced in character, and were in tended for those who had already passed an examination in first aid. The first lecture was given in the Royal Dublin Society’s Lecture Theatre, and the remaining five in Messrs. W . & R. Jacob & Co.’s Recreation Hall, Bishop-street, Dublin (by kind permission of the directors). The attendance was large, averaging from 500 600, principally composed of members of the St. John and British Red Cross Society’s V .A .D .’s. The chairmen at these lectures were : Dr. Lumsden, deputy-commissioner No. 12 District, S.J.A.B. ; Mr. W. Geoghegan, B.R.C.S. ; Mrs. Heppell-Marr, b.R.C.S. ; Dr. Reginald Peacock, B.R.C.S. ; Capt. W alter Stevenson, R.A.M .C., district surgeon, S.J.A.B. ; Dr. Ella Webb, lady district superintendent, S.J.A.B. The lecturer, who has a vivid and interesting style, dealt with the treatment of fractures, haemorrhage, unconsciousness, poisoning, etc., in a manner which made his listeners feel like Oliver Twist, that they wanted “ more” ; and the remark of Dr. Lumsden, the deputy-commissioner, at the concluding lecture, that Dr. Mather Thompson might be described as the “ star turn ” of the brigade in Ireland was loudly applauded. It is felt that these lectures have been of much benefit to all first aiders who had the privilege of hearing them, and it is hoped that at a future date the gifted lecturer may be in d u ce d jo extend the series to an even larger circle of hearers.

April, 1916.

— F I R S T

THE ST . JOHN A M B U L A N C E G AZETTE.

great

T he

development

the outbreak

which has taken place since

of war in

the activities,

“ pro utilitate

hom inum ,” under the Order of St. John, has proved the need of some official

medium

of communication

between the A m bulance Department of the Order and its supporters.

Arrangements

have

accordingly

made whereby a certain number of pages of

been

F ir st

A id

will be reserved exclusively for matters concerning the St. John Am bulance Association and Brigade, and will be entitled the

S t .

Joh n

A m bu lan ce

G azette,

which the present is the first number.

T h is will be

entirely independent of the rest of the Journal. It

hoped

that

the regular

publication of the

rules and standing orders and specially written articles dealing with the work of the various Am bulance

Department at home

branches of the

and abroad,

official but readily accessible form, will conduce to the smooth working of this ever-expanding institution, and that

AID. —

by enabling

workers

more intimate knowledge

and

supporters

c f its

gain a

methods and of the

results attained, it w ill serve to knit into closer union the widely scattered branches of the organisation.

become entitled to the Voucher, M edallio n or L abel (as the case may be) without re-exam ination, on the date the annual re-examination becomes due if such date falls w ithin the period between the commencement of hostilities and the 31st Decem ber, 1 9 1 5. After the latter date the foregoing regulations will apply only to men who have jo in ed the R o y a l A rm y M edical Corps, M edical U n its R oyal N aval D ivision, or R oyal Naval A u xiliary Sick Berth R e s e rv e ; and to mem bers of Voluntary A id Detachm ents actually serving con tinuously in M ilitary and A u xilia ry M ilitary H ospitals, on the recom mendation of the Com m andant of the H o spital As, however, many holders of M edallions have been in the habit of qualifying for the L abel each year for many years, any person who has obtained either M edallio n or Lab el within 12 months prior to jo in in g H is M ajesty’s Forces in the present emergency, and is thereby prevented from attending subsequent re-examinations, shall be entitled, provided he passes for a Label w ithin 12 months of the conclusion of hostilities, to all back Labels for which he was unable to be exam ined owing to the fact that he had enlisted. In subm itting applications for such awards, it is very essential, in order to avoid correspondence, that lu ll inform ation should be given in the first instance on a form (Service W .L .) which can be obtained from St. Jo h n ’s Gate. R e-E x a m in a t io n

l'he C h ie f Secretary will be glad to receive articles and photographs on matters of interest connected with the work of the Order, seas, for publication John

A m bu lan ce

especially from Centres Over

(subject to approval) in the St.

G a zette .

M anuscripts and photographs will be returned if so desired. Supporters

St.

habit of contributing to do

so.

should, F ir st

D istrict as

Joh n

Orders,

heretofore,

who

F ir st

A id

have

been

the

should continue to

reports and correspondence addressed

the

Editor,

A id .

Official News. R e v isio n

o f

M em o ran d u m

A.S .C .

It is notified for information that owing to the intro duction of Lord D erby’s Recruiting Scheme and C om pul sory Service it has become necessary to modify the in structions issued in M em orandum A .S.C., which is hereby cancelled and the following substituted ;— M en who have passed an examination in F irst A id (or Hom e Nursing if to count for M edallion) within 12 months prior to joining any branch of H is M ajesty’s Forces, w ill

H ome

and

N u r sin g , H om e

H yg ie n e

S a n it a t io n .

T h e Central E xecutive Com m ittee has decided to introduce a re-examination in H o m e N ursing, Hom e Hygiene, and Sanitation for holders of the M edalliun under the following conditions : — In order to m aintain the preponderating im portance of First A id instruction, the M edallion regulations (w hich require that candidates for that award must be successful at three F irst A id exam inations, or if preferred, two First A id and any one of the other three subjects above men tioned under the conditions specified in paper No. 62) will remain unaltered. M edallion holders who are in posses sion of an adult certificate for H om e Nursing. H om e H ygiene or Sanitation will be eligible to attend the new re-examinations, and if successful may obtain for each pass on any of these subjects a Pendant corresponding to the L abel issued for F irst A id. T h is Pendant w ill be inscribed with the year, the in itial letter of the subject for which it is awarded, and the m edallion num ber of the holder. T h ere w ill be no lim it to the num ber of times candidates may be re-examined for Pendants, provided that the specified interval of one year is observed between each re-exam ination on the same subject. St . Joh n

V o l u n t a r y A id D e t a c h m e n t R e g u la tio n s.

U n if o r m

( W o m e n ’ s D e t a c h m e n t s .)

Commandants.

Regulation Dress.— Black and white washing dress, re

— F IR S T

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

gulation material, full housemaid’s skirt with three one-inch tucks at the bottom, to be at least two inches off the ground all round. Plain bodice with coat sleeves, moderate size, and straight neckband under the linen collar. A grey petersham waistbelt may be worn without apron out of doors in hot weather. Bonnet.— Fine black straw, open front, slightly fluted, curtain turned up on crown across back, faced black, trimmed single Alsatian bow, rolled hemmed piece velvet, finished black velvet box pleated ruche under brim round front, and white sarcenet strings to be tied in the middle under chin. Cap.— W hite lawn “ Sister D o ra ” shape, with a goffered frill and strings. Officers working in M ilitary Hospitals may, if preferred, wear cap registered pattern as for members. Apron.— Plain white linen, no hemstitching, with two pockets, and the skirt to be gathered into the waistband, and to reach within one inch of the bottom of the dress. Round bib to reach under the collar, and with straps to cross over the shoulders and fasten at the waist. Collar.— Plain white linen 2§ inches deep, to be fastened with a white stud. Cuffs.— To match coliar, 3§ inches deep, to be fastened with white studs. Belt.— Stiff white linen belt, 2J inches deep, to wear over the apron. Boots or Shoes.— Black. Veils and Jewellery.— Must not be worn. Cloves.— W hite for parade. For other occasions grey may be worn. Cloak.— Fine black serge, yoke with inverted box-pleat in centre of back, and deep pleat on either side to cover handhole. Shoulder-cape (without fullness) inches deep, trimmed i j inch mohair braid, straight neckband for the linen collar to turn over. Coat.— Dark grey cloth, reaching to the bottom of the dress, double-breasted, with lap seams, and two rows of buttons (6 in each), in front, two welted pockets at sides, one inside breast pocket in lining ; stand and fall collar; full back, with 14-inch belt of same material three inches wide, fastened with two buttons and buttonholes at top end, two buttons at each sleeve end. Brigade V.A.D . Officers will wear Brigade regulation buttons, Reg. No. 13 (large), and 14 (small). Association V.A .D . Officers will wear Association re gulation buttons, Reg. No. 15 (large), and 16 (small). The coat may be made in thinner material of the same shade for summer. Hat (W inter).— Plain black soft felt hat, with a band of grey corded ribbon 2 inches wide edged on either end with a white ribbon J inch wide, tied in a stiff bow on the left side, brim of hat 2^ inches wide, crown 3^ inches high. Hat badge to be worn on the centre of ribbon in front. Hat (Summer).— Black straw hat, trimmed with similar ribbon to winter hat. The follow ing Uniform is o p tio n a l :—• Jacket.— Black serge double-breasted lap-seam panel coat, turndown collar and revers, outside patch pockets, each with flap, buttonhole and button, one inside breast pocket in lining, shoulder straps 2^ inches at base, finished with button and buttonhole at top end, two rows of b’uttons (3 in each), on front, two buttons on each sleeve. Brigade V.A.D. Officers will wear Brigade bottons, as above. Association V.A .D . Officers will wear Association buttons, as above. Skirt.— Black serge gored skirt with panel front and boxpleated back with lap seams, with two rows of stitching at hem. Blouse. — White, with turndown collar, detachable recom mended. T ie .— Plain black crepe de chine, wide ends. Belt.— Black patent leather. Jersey.— Ladies’, knitted woollen, colour grey, plain back, full length sleeves, two hip pockets, six small black buttons in front ; only to be obtained from Messrs. Harrod. Brigade or Association buttons, Reg. No. 14 and 16, respectively. Motor Cap.— A registered pattern Motor Cap in black gaberdine. Hat badge to be worn in front.

AMBULANCE

April, 1916

G A ZETTE. —

Mackintosh.— Black rubber waterproof, stand and fall collar, five black buttons to front, strap and button on cuff, two square hip pockets, Brigade or Association buttons, as above. Quartermaster.

Same as for Commandant. Lady Superintendent.

Same as for Commandant, with the exception that if she is a trained nurse she will wear a dress of a small black and white check washing material, instead of the striped material. Pharm acist.

Same as Commandant. Trained Nurses.

Navy blue canton dress, otherwise as for members. Section Leaders and Members.

Dress : — Grey washing dress, regulation material, made as for Commandants. In the summer the dress may be worn without an apron, with a grey petersham waistbelt the same shade as the dress. On no account is the while linen belt to be worn without an apron. Oversleeves may be worn in hospital. Bonnet.— Fine black straw, open front, slightly fluied curtain turned up on crown across back ; faced with while sarcenet ribbon, trimmed single Alsatian bow, rolled hemmed piece velvet, finished white sarcenet ribbon, box-pleated ruche under brim, round front, and white sarcenet strings to be tied in the middle under the chin. Caps.— Cap Registered Pattern : An oblong of white cambric or linen, unstarched, in two sizes, 27 inches by 18 inches and 28 inches by 19 inches, hemstitched all round two inches from the edge, placed centrally on the head, the front edge to be worn straight across the forehead, and the two corners of the front edge brought straight round the head, fastening at back with plain safety pin over the folds When working in civil Hospitals, the plain Sister Dora cap should be worn if preferred by the matron. Apron, collar, cuffs, belt, boot or shoes, veils and jewellery, stockings, gloves, cloak, coat, and coat lor summer, as for Commandants. Hat (W inter).— Plain black soft felt, band of plain black ribbon 2 inches wide, edged on either side with a white ribbon J inch wide, tied in a stiff bow on the left side ; brim of hat 2 i inches wide, crown 3^ inches high. Hat badge to be worn in the centre of ribbon in front. Hat (Summer).— Black straw hat, trimmed similar ribbon as winter hat. The follo w in g uniform is o p tio n a l:

Jacket.— As for Commandants. Brigade V.A.D . members will wear Brigade buttons, and Association members will wear Association buttons, as above. Skirt, Blouse, l ie, Belt, Jersey, Motor Cap, Mackintosh.— As for Commandants. N ote.— The bonnet may be worn with the coat as well as with the cloak, and this will be permitted for inspections, but the uniforms worn by a detachment at an inspection must be identical. A d d it io n a l U n ifo r m

V .A .D . A broad.

for

M em bers on

S e r vice

A D ark Grey Dress of thin woollen material or alpaca, the same shade as the grey washing dresses, to be worn with turn over muslin collars and cuffs. Bodice fastened in front with button holes and small Brigade or Association buttons. For the

M e d it e r r a n e a n .

W hite Solar Topee may be worn. Hat badge in centre of front. W hite Linen D rill Jacket and Skirt to be made as the black jacket and skirt and to be worn with the same shoulder titles, stars, stripes and buttons. Collars and Cuffs, plain white muslin may be substituted for the stiff linen ones. Shoes and Stockings, white may be substituted for black. B adges and

O f f i c e r ’s B a d g e s o f R a n k .

Commandant.

Arm y Badge.— Commandants will wear special V.A.D.

April, 1916.

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

badge Reg. No. 38 on the left arm, half-way between the shoulder and elbow, on black silk or petersham armlet. Coat Badge.— If Brigade, according to Brigade rank ; if Association, Reg. No. 42 to be worn on right breast of cloak on pleat immediately below shoulder cape, or on coat on outer side of right row of buttons, centre of badge in line with second button. Shoulder Straps.— One star, pattern A, Reg. No. 36, and on line of silver Russia braid at base of shoulder strap. Stripes on Sleeves.— Five stripes on each cuff of each sleeve of jacket of outdoor uniform, but not on the coat. The first, third and fifth stripes to be of white herringbone pattern, J-inch wide woven into black braid, with a clear half-inch be tween each stripe. The second and fourth stripe shall consist of plain white Russia braid, £-inch wide, and shall be sewed on half-way between the first and third and third and fifth stripes respectively, the last stripe to be 2 inches from the bottom of sleeve. Hat Badge.— Brigade, Reg. No. 20; Association, Reg. No. 14L ady Superintendent.

Arm Badge.— I f a trained Nurse, Reg. No. 40 ; otherwise, Reg. No. 39. Coat Badge.— I f Brigade, according to rank in Brigade ; if Association, Reg. No. 3522. To be worn as for Com mandant. Shoulder Straps.— One star, pattern A, Reg. No. 36. Stripes on Sleeves.— Three stripes on each cuff, the first and third to be herringbone pattern, and the second plain Russia braid. To be cerise in colour if a trained nurse ; other wise, white. Quartermaster.

Arm Badge.— Reg. No. 39. Coat Badge.—I f Brigade, according to rank in Brigade; if Association, Reg. No. 3522. Shoulder Straps.— As for Lady Superintendent. Stripes on Sleeves.— Same as for Lady Superintendents, only in white. Pharm acist.

Arm Badge, Coat Badge and Shoulder Straps.— As for Quartermaster. Stripes on Sleeves.— Two stripes on each cuff, the first to be herringbone pattern and the lower to be white Russia braid, sim ilar to those used for Commandant. Trained Nurse.

Arm Badge.— Reg. No. 40. Coat Badge.— As for Section Leaders. Shoulder Titles.— As for Members. Stripes on Sleeves.— Two stripes, same as for Pharmacist, only cerise in colour. Section Leaders.

Arm Badge. — Reg. No. 39. Coat Badge.— I f Brigade, Reg. No. 3521 ; if Association, Reg. No. 11. Shoulder Titles.—As for Members. Stripes on Sleeves.— One stripe on each sleeve, herring bone pattern in white. ' Members.

Arm Badge.— Reg. No. 39. Coat Badge.—I f Brigade, Reg. No. 35-1 ; if Association, Reg. No. 11. Shoulder Titles.— If Brigade, S.J.A.B. and No. of District, if Association, S.J.A.A., to be worn on shoulder straps. Hat Badges.— I f Brigade, Reg. No. 20; if Association, Reg. No. 14. N ote. — A ll ranks of the Brigade will wear the Brigade badge on the right sleeve of the dress, on a black silk or petersham armlet, as per regulations. The V.A.D. badges will be worn on the left sleeve of dress, half-way between the point of the shoulder and.elbow, also on a black silk or petersham armlet. The above uniform can be obtained from : — Messrs. Harrods, Ltd., Brompton-road, S.W. Messrs. J. Shoolbred & Co., Ltd.,Tottenham Court-road.W. Messrs. E. & R. Garrould, 150, Edgware-road, W .; except the black mackintosh-coat, which can only be obtained from Messrs. Hobson & Sons, 1, Lexington-street, W.

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

Hats and gaberdine cap can be obtained from Messrs. Scotts, 1, Old Bond-street, W. A price list, a description of the General Service Uniform and Regulations regarding the supply of badges, buttons, &c., is held over for next month's issue.

Motor Ambulance Department. I t was natural that the moment war was declared in August, 1914, the O rder of St. Joh n and its A m bulance Departm ent should he called upon once more to place at the services of the nation its experience and all its stores of materials. A n d indeed within a very few hours of that historical event requests for am bulances were received from the military authorities. T h e development of m echanical traction since the conclusion of the South A frican W ar rendered the problem of the provision of am bulances m uch more com plicated and difficult than in previous campaigns, and it became necessary to open at once a special department to deal with the matter. Its management was entrusted to Lo rd Norreys, who applied him self to his task with energy and enthusiasm. Needless to say he met with warm and generous support from members of the Order, many of whom placed their private cars at his disposal for conversion into am bu lances, whilst gifts of money poured in from all quarters of the globe. N or were the activities of the department lim ited to assisting our own services, for in the first ftw weeks L o rd Norreys was able to send over some 80 cars for the use of the French troops, whose need in those earliest days was pressing indeed. T h e field of activity of this department rapidly ex tended, and by the time L o rd Norreys laid down the reins he had succeeded in sending to the Front and to various parts of the country some 200 am bulances, besides various cars fitted up as kitchens. H e had supplied about 35 cars direct to the W ar Office, and in com bination with the C o m mittee of the In d ia n Soldiers’ F u nd he had obtained for use in the various hospitals at home and abroad de voted to the service of the In d ia n troops a further 25 cars. N or should the help he was able to extend to the Belgians be omitted, though space is too lim ited to allow of anything like an adequate account of all that was done by the Order of St. John in the first 15 months or so of the war while Lo rd Norreys was directing the M otor A m bu lance Department. When, owing to his having been gazetted to a com m is sion in the army, Lo rd Norreys resigned, the work was taken up by the E a rl of R anfurly, assisted by M r. F. S. P hillips, and was thenceforward carried on in closer co operation with the sim ilar department at the B ritish Red Cross Society in P all M all. T h at does not mean that the work at St. Jp h n ’s Gate was allowed to languish. Indeed the record for the last few months bears wonderful tribute to the extent to which the seed sown by the A m bulance Departm ent of the Order of St. Joh n has borne fruit. I t must suffice here to men tion only one or two examples of the result of Lo rd R a n fu rly ’s work, leaving a more detailed account till a later issue. It having become known at St. Joh n ’s that the health of one of the D ivisions of the British Arm y would greatly benefit by the provision of a second disinfector for the clothes of the troops, it was decided, with the consent of

184

— F IR S T

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

the W ar Office, to accept from the two ladies who organised the “ Silver T h im b le ” F u n d the offer of the necessary money, am ounting to over ^,'1,000, to provide a complete D isinfecting U n it, composed of a 5-ton Foden steam wagon, on which is mounted a pair of huge Thresh disinfectors. By the time this article is in the press this magnificent gift will be ready to take its place with the D ivision to which it has been allotted. T h e “ Silver T h im b le ” was not, however, content, though it had previously provided the money for no less than three motor ambulances. A cting on the suggestion of the M otor Departm ent they promptly decided to pro vide the funds for a M otor A m bulance Boat for work in Mesopotamia, where the river is practically the only means by which the sick and wounded can be carried. A boat designed on lines which actual experience has shown to be suitable to the geographical and clim atic conditions, capable of conveying nine “ stretch e r” or about forty “ sitting-up” cases at a time, was at once ordered. T h e work was pressed forward, and within a fortnight of the order being placed the boat was to be shipped from the C lyde and the “ Silver T h im b le No. 1 ” boat when this Gazette is published, w ill be well on its way to M esopo tamia. But our ally the “ Silver T h im b le ” does not rest upon its laurels. H a rd ly had the first boat been completed when an intim ation arrived at St. Jo h n ’s that another might be ordered at once, and this boat is already nearing completion. It should be mentioned that the “ Silver T h im b le ” is the name chosen for a collection of a very original character started by two ladies on behalf of the sick and wounded. T h e promoter and organiser, M iss H ope C lark, of 2, Crescent-road, W im bledon (assisted by Lady M aud W ilbraham , 26, Lower Sloane-street, S.W .), hit on the practical and b rillian t idea o f asking people to search for and send them any old bits of jewellery, whether gold or silver, for which they had no further use. T h e suggestion met with imm ediate response and the above account, though very inadequate, will give some conception of the amazing success which has attended their efforts. Possibly some of our readers may find in their trinket cases something which w ill be suitable for sending to the “ Silver T h im b le ” and thus help in the good work. T h e following extract from the C o u r t C ircu la r , of W ednesday, M arch 15th, records an interesting little ceremony :— “ T n e K in g and Queen inspected in the G arden of the Palace an X -R a y motor-car which has been presented to the St. Joh n A m bulance Association by Sir John H older, Bart. “ T n e following gentlemen were present and had the honour of being presented to their M aje sties.— T h e E a rl of R an furly (D ire cto r of the Am bulance Departm ent of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in E ngland), Sir Joh n H older, Bart, (donor of the car), C olonel S ir H erbert Je k y ll (C h ancellor of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England), Sir Dyce Duckworth, Bart. (A lm oner), M r. E velyn Cecil, M .P. (SecretaryGeneral), Mr. F . S. P hillips (H o n orary Assistant Secretary), and M ajor Joh n H a ll-E d w ard s (X -R a y Specialist). “ T h e Ladies and Gentlemen of the H o usehold in W aiting were in attendance.” T h e X -R a y motor-car referred to is an independent travelling installation for radiographic research, and is intended to be moved from hospital to hospital where such apparatus may be lacking. T h e ir M ajesties were much

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE.

April

1s»16

interested in the demonstration and graciously expressed their appreciation of Sir John H o ld e r’s noble gift. W ithin a few days the car was on its way to the H ospital M ilitaire A u xiliaire at Arc-en-Barrois, a H ospital some 90 miles from Verdun, founded by M iss Brom leyM artin in the Autum n of 1914, and since then entirely m aintained and staffed by the English, where owing to the severe fighting a radiographic apparatus was sorely needed. It is gratifying to know that at a period when our A lly is arousing the adm iration of the whole world by its magnificent defence of Verdun, the O rder of St. Joh n has been enabled, by the m unificence of one of its members, to help in some measure to alleviate the sufferings of her brave soldiers. ( To be continued.)

In a Small Hospital in France. By

M ember

V .A .D .

W e left Boulogne on February 29th, 1915, for a small market town in the north of France, where we had in structions to establish a hospital for the use of men em ployed in two large veterinary hospitals and a Rem ount Depot in the neighbournood. T h e house allotted to us was in a very convenient and sunny position. It was a typical French building filled with heavy French furniture, which we quickly relegated to an empty loft in some outbuildings in order to make room for the hospital equipment which had arrived from R , the rooms and landings having been thoroughly scrubbed down. Our staff consisted of a trained sister, Com m andant, two general members who took alternate weeks in ward and house work, and, last but not least, the cooking mem ber. A n officer of the R .A .M .C . already attached to the Veterinary hospitals took charge, and very glad he was to have a regularly organised hospital in which to treat his patients, as formerly those suffering from pneum onia or severe internal or head injuries had had to be sent to R . T h is meant a long jolting ride in an ambulance or a two hours’ train journey with m uch delay at stations. Needless to say, this had proved fatal in some cases. W e started the hospital with three wards, each con taining two beds, and now at the end of the year we have enlarged to five wards, holding in all 14 beds. D urin g that time hundreds of cases have passed through the hospital, among them being patients suffering from pneumonia, bronchitis, scarlet fever, poisoning, spotted fever, heart cases and fractures of all sorts. W e had one case of special interest— a severe fracture at the base of the skull caused by a kick from a horse. T h e unfortunate man hovered between life and death for a week, but ultim ately recovered sufficiently to be sent to a base hospital at R and subsequently home to England. These, of course, are but a few cases out of many, and will help to show the use of such a hospital. A s our m edi cal officer remarked, it had been heartbreaking previously to treat a severe case of pneum onia with tablets in a bell tent having a floor of ashes ! N o one could have been more grateful than the men themselves, and many are the letters of appreciation which have been received from them. I must add that at one of our inspections we were in formed that we held the reputation of being the cleanest hospital in France.

April, 1916.

— FIRST

Notes

and

AID

THE

ST.

News.

In Canada, the M inister of M ilitia has caused all men undergoing m ilitary training to be instructed in the principles of first aid under rhe Canadian Branch of the Association, and the Order has agreed to waive the copy right of “ C an tlie’s F irst A id to the In ju re d ,” in order that the instruction may be more efficiently carried out, *

In subm itting applications for re-examinations secretaries of detached classes should be careful to provide the information required by the latter part of paragraph 6 of paper 62-1916. * * *

It should be noted that the Hom e Nursing exam in ation now consists of six tests instead of five as formerly. The increase is due to the fact that a satisfactory knowledge in reading the thermometer and taking the pulse and respiration is now com pulsory for all candidates in that subject. * * *

A card index has been instituted at Headquarters since January 1st, 1916. A record of all the awards made by the Association w ill be contained therein in future. U p to M arch 31st no fewer than 26,400 cards have already been entered. * * *

Papers 62 (M edallion, Label and Pendant Regulations, 80 (Instructions to Lecturers and Class Secretaries) and 81 (Regulations for Exam iners) have all been revised recently. *** Madame C lara Butt will give six performances of the “ Dream of G erontius,” in aid of the funds of the Order of St. John and the B ritish R ed Cross Society at the Queen’s H a ll on M onday, May 8th, at 2 30 p.m. ; Tuesday, May 9th, at 7.45 p .m .; Wednesday, May 10th, at 2.30 p .m .; Thursday, M ay n t h , at 7.45 p.m .; Friday. M ay n t h , at 7 4 5 p .m .; Saturday, May 13th, at 2 3 0 p.m. T h e per formance is under the immediate patronage of their Majesties the K in g and Queen. Seats may be booked at the Q ueen’s H a ll and from all the leading agents. * * *

T h e medallion of the St. John Am bulance Association is intended to be a certificate of proficiency in first aid to the injured. T h e greatest care is taken by the Association in checking all applications for the award of m edallions, and unless each applicant has strictly conformed to the rules, and there is a file record of each examination passed, the m edallion is withheld. T h e reason for this will be obvious. T h e m edallion of the St. Joh u Am bulance Association is only issued from St. Jo h n ’s Gate, Clerkenw ell, London, E .C ., and cannot be purchased anywhere else, either in this country or abroad. H itherto all medallions granted by the St. Joh n A m b u lance Association have been engraved with the name of the holder, and unless this appears on each m edallion, and can be verified at St. Jo h n ’s Gate, the m edallion is not genuine, and under no circumstances should such a m edallion be accepted as proof of efficiency. As a further guarantee and protection, each medallion will in future be stamped as follows :— “ Registered at St. Jo h n ’s Gate, Clerkenw ell.”

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE.

T h e m edallion and label of the St. Jo h n A m bulance A ssociation are made of coinage bronze, but when desired, duplicates in gold and silver have been supplied. Recognising the present necessity for preserving go , the Association has decided to issue no more go m edallions or labels during the period of the war. W ill all Centre and Class Secretaries, to whose notice this tion may come, be good enough to bear this in m ind when accepting orders from those entitled to the award ol a m edallion or label.

Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Co. Centre. T h e Lancashire and Y o rksh ire R ailw ay has one of the most active centres of the St. Joh n A m bulance A ssocia tion, a fact w hich is in no sm all measure due to the interest ^nd encouragement received from the railway authorities. Its team won the inter-railway am bulance challenge shield in 1914, and previously in 1906 and 190S. Tw o of its members have obtained the D istinguished Service M edal while serving with the R oyal N aval A u xiliary Sick Berth Reserve. M em bers of the centre have voluntarily taken duty on every occasion when a train conveying wounded soldiers has arrived at Aintree Station, Liverpool. T h e Com pany has supplied four am bulance trains for service at home and on the Continent, and has initiated a novel means of raising money for the local hospital by ex hibiting them to the p u blic for a sm all fee. T h e am bulance trains have been constructed at the carriage works of the Com pany at Newton H eath, and the latest one constructed is for use on the Continent in con veying our troops to the base hospitals. T h is train consists of 16 bogie carriages, with a total length of 939 ft. 7 in. over buffers, and weighing, when loaded 492 tons ; the vehicles were withdrawn from o rdi nary traffic and are of the modern elliptical roof design of the Com pany, being equipped in accordance with arrange ments made through the Railw ay Executive Com m ittee, several of the principal railway com panies acting in co n cert to provide the num ber of trains required. T h e train is vestibuled throughout and fitted with electric light and fa n s; some of the latter in each ward being of the portable type to fix opposite any cot for “ gassing ” cases. T h e ward cars are enam elled throughout in w h ite ; the cots are in three tiers and. are interchange able ; they can be used as stretchers or folded against the sides when not in use— the m iddle berth can also be lowered to form a back for sitting-up cases when required. T h e kitchens are fitted with the French A rm y ranges coupled to a hot water installation providing a constant supply of 50 gallons of hot water in each kitchen car ; the water on the train generally is very important, and ample supply is carried on each car, the total for the whole train being 2,353 gallons. T h e staff car is provided with messrooms for the m edical officers and nurses, and berths arranged so that they are convertible for day or night use by hinging the backs of the seats ; this also applies to the presonnel car, and both of thase vehicles can either be heaten by steam from a locom otive sim ilar to other parts of the train or independently from a stove and hot water system according to the circum stances. T h e whole of the exterior is painted khaki with a red cross in the centre of each v e h ic le ; W estinghouse automatic air brake, of the French standard pattern is fitted throughout, and all the coupling-up arrangements

i86

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

have been made suitable for connecting to the continental locomotive. T h is am bulance train provides m uch greater accom m odation than those in use in this country— perhaps one of the chief features is that every advantage has been taken in utilising the space for the comfort of our sick and wounded under all their many varying conditions, and also for the convenience and requirements of the medical officers, nurses, and personnel.

AMBULANCE

Apri l , 1916.

GAZETTE

W illiam Edward Connelly. W illiam Henry Joshua Daniell. Henry Davies. John Stratford. W illiam Phillips. W illiam Charles Packham. W illiam John Cardo. W illiam Fargher. Joseph James Burton. Martin Williamson. Alonzo Cotton. Lieut.-Colonel Robert W illiam Hughes Thomas. A s H onorary Serv in g Sisters :

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Chancery o f the O rd er , St. fo h n 's G a te , Clerkenwe/l, L on d on , E . C ., A p r i l 10 th, i g i 6 .

H is Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :— A s K n ig h ts o f fu sticc (from K n ig h ts o f G race ) : Charles Granville Kekewich. The Lord Chelmsford, G.C.M .G. Evelyn Cecil, Esq., M.P. A s L a d y o f fu stice (from L ad y o f G r a c e ):

Agnes Lowndes, Lady Jekyll. A s K n ig h ts o f G race :

Major John Bernard Arbuthnot, M.V.O. (from Esquire). The E a rl of Powis. Colonel Henry Blackburne Hamilton. The Right Hon. Sir Frederick George Milner, Bart. Claude Hamilton Archer H ill, C.S.I. C .I.E . Oswald Vivian Bosanquet, C ,S .I„ C .I.E . Major-General Sir Francis Lloyd. K.C.B., C.V.O., D.S.O. The Viscount Chilston. jonkS.Ljr'i Lieut.-Colonel Sir James Robert Dunlop Smith, K.C.S.I., K.C.V.O ., C .I.E . Captain Edgar Sheppard. The E a rl of Donoughmore, K.P. A s L a d ies o f G race :

Violet Mary, Lady Earle. Jeanie, Lady Meston. M ary Helen Elizabeth, The Lady Carmichael. Marjorie Adeline, The Lady Pentland. Ellenora, Mrs. Blackham. Amy Gertrude, Mrs. W allace Nesbitt. Frances, Lady de L ’Isle and Dudley. Ethel Louise, the Hon. Mrs. Charles Burn. Violet Hermione, The Duchess of Montrose. Isabella Janet, Mrs. Robert Mitchell. M ary Elizabeth, Mrs. Warneford. Rose, Mrs. Arthur Rhodes. A s E s q u ir e s :

Captain Arthur Perry Stocking. Cartain Harold Ernest Weeks. Major Frank Augustus Douglas Stevens. A s H o n o ra ry Servin g B ro th ers :

Frederick Ellison. Robert Arthington. Lieut.-Colonel Robert de la Poet Beresford, M .D. W illiam Burns Lindley. Lieut.-Colonel Edward Charles Bayley, C .I.E . Lieut.-Colonel Charles Henry Cowie, C .I.E . M ajor H arris Grant Warburton, I.A.R.O . Augustus Orlton Cooper. Henry Alfred Cross. John James Connelly.

Agnes May, M iss Waterhouse, R.R.C. Lizzie, Mrs. Morgan. M illicent Mary, M iss Graham-Smith. Eliza Ann, M iss Everett. Helen Constance, Miss Everett. Helen Augusta, Miss Allen. Ethel Ellen, Mrs. Metcalfe. Jane Elizabeth, Mrs. Cross. A s H onorary Associates :

Richard Oxley Bowman, M .D. Matthew Caldwell, L.R .C.P . & S. Thomas Walmsley Heywood, M .R.C.S. Lieut.-Colonel Louis Petro Demetriadi, M.D. Lieut.-Colonel Charles Montague Mathew, I.M .S. Lieut.-Cononel Frank W arburtonJ^Begbie, M .R.C.S., L.R.C.P., R.A .M .C. jf e Edward Albert Houseman, M.B. W iliiam Ferriday Jackson, M .R.C.S., L.R .C.P. George Thomas Woods, L.R .C .P . & S.Ed. W alter Reyner Brunton, M.B.

Middlesex. S t.

John

V oluntary

A id

D etachm ents.

are 1 4 Mens, and 2 7 W om ens’ Detachments duly registered at the W ar Office with a total strength of 1 9 4 0 ( 6 4 6 men and 1 , 2 9 4 women), of w hich total over i.co o have been m obilised for nursing and general service in the auxiliary hospitals in the county. Over 1 0 0 V .A .D wemen have been posted to m ilitary hospitals at home and abroad. One hundred members of the mens’ detachments form 4 0 per cent, of the p erso n n el for the transport service in the county, which service has dealt with 9 0 7 cases ( 5 0 9 cot and 3 9 8 sitting) from convoys at Edm onton and W illesden Stations, and which has carried over 1 , 0 0 0 transfers to the auxiliary hospitals during the past three months. T h ere are 14 St. John A uxiliary H ospitals in the county with accommotation for 853 patients. T h e loyal and devoted services given voluntary by the St. Joh n V .A .D . officers and members in M iddlesex is evi denced by the way in which the M ilitary Authorities have, since the establishment of such hospitals, made full use of them, and expressed their complete satisfaction with the way in which they are conducted. T h e weekly reports giving the num ber of cases under treatment at each hospital show an average of 60 per cent, of beds occupied weekly, and the statement of accounts from each hospital up to 31st Decem ber, 1915, show most satisfactory balances. In the majority of cases, local com mittees are responsible for the finance, equipment and maintenance of the hospitals, and to these committees the indebtedness of the O rder of St. Joh n is due for the adm irable way in which they are promoting and m aintain ing its interests.

T here

April, 1916.

— F IR ST

Brevities. T hat

the

a m b u la n ce

m ovem ent

has

com e

in to

o w n a s t h e d i r e c t r e s u l t o f t h e w a r , is a f a c t w h i c h

its

cannot

fa il t o b e r e c o g n i s e d , a n d t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t u r n i n g t o t h e best a c c o u n t th e o p p o r t u n it y w h ic h this e v e n t h as a ffo rd e d o f s t i m u l a t i n g a g r e a t e r i n t e r e s t in t h i s h u m a n i t a r i a n w h ic h has e n o rm o u s resp o n sibilities

before

w ork,

it, s h o u l d

not

be o verlo o k ed .

M any Centres of the St. Joh n Association and Corps and D ivisions of the Brigade have risen nobly to the occa sion, and others might well follow their exam ple; men and women who before the war never gave a thought to the movement have now taken it up as a National Duty, and are doing most useful public service. There is a vast num ber of men and women who are eager to do likewise, and such enthusiasm should not be allowed to run to waste. W herever possible, classes for first aid instruction should be organised ; these classes are the primary basis of getting people interested in the movement, and at their conclusion there is the material for the formation of a D ivision of the Brigade. W ith a little imagination and much enthusiasm it is surprising what can be accomplished, and with this spirit im bued in am bulance workers the movement will bound ahead. *** It is curious that in different stages of the Great W ar different kinds of wounds are common. “ It was very curious how special groups of cases with special characteristics had come at different times. At first they had men with sore feet. T h is was after the retreat from Mons. A little later they had whole batches of men whose wounds were extraordinarily sim ilar— wounded shoulders. T h at was before the elaborate sys tem of entrenchments, and the wounds were received when the men lay on the ground to fire. After the battle of the A isne they had a considerable group of tetanus cases, and ever since the month of December the most prom inent type of case had been frostbites. They were not the typical frostbites of Canada, but were caused by men standing for long periods in very cold water, and having to sleep in cold, wet boots and stockings. M any of the cases were very painful, and with loss of vitality amputation was the only treatment. T h is type of case was being con siderably lessened by the use of waterproof stockings. E arlier in the war almost all the wounds were shell wounds. Now a shell wound was exceptional. The explanation given by the men was that the shells used now by the enemy did not in a large number of cases explode. M ost of the wounds now were bullet wounds.”

T h e President of the U nited States has appointed a com mission to investigate first-aid methods, packages, the standardisation of first aid equipment, and an identical

A I D —

course of instruction to be followed throughout the country. G eneral W . C. Gorgas, Surgeon-General of the U nited States Arm y, is P re s id e n t; R u p ert Blue, SurgeonGeneral of the P u b lic H e alth Service, is V ice -P re sid e n t; and the A m erican M ed ical A ssociation, A ssociation of R ailw ay Surgeons, and Surgical A ssociation are repre sented. Great interest in first aid has developed every where throughout the U n ite d States. *** A d a i l y paper says that one of the surprises o f the war is the aptitude women have shown as masseuses at the war hospitals. “ T h e results have surpassed our expectations,” said a R .A .M .C . captain, “ the women showing that they have plenty of strength and a decided aptitude for the work. T h an ks to their efforts, thousands of soldiers have recovered the use of injured arms or legs weeks or even months earlier than otherwise w ould have been possible. yr

A n electrical apparatus has been installed in the is at present being employed as a hospital ship for the M editerranean E xpeditionary F o rce — under the supervision of Dr. D ak in and at the instance of the M edical R esearch Com m ittee o f the N ational In surance Act, for the purpose of the production of sodium hypochlorite for use as an antiseptic for wounds and for disinfecting purposes. A cco rdin g to T h e Tim es , the cost of roo gallons of a solution containing two parts of sodium hypochlorite to 1,000 pints works out at 3d. It is esti mated that the economy in largely replacing expensive coal-tar disinfectants by electrolytic hypochlorite will pay for the cost of the apparatus in the course of a single trip of three weeks. A q u ita n ia — which

V commence in this issue of F i r s t A i d a series of articles on “ H in ts to H o spital O rderlies,” from the pen of Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher.] H a vin g in view the num ber of am bulance workers who are occupied on hospital duties these series of articles should prove of use and interest. It is our intention at a later date to publish these articles in booklet form if there is a dem and for it. + * W e

M r . J a m e s C a n t l i e , speaking at a meeting at the Regent-street Polytechnic recently, related an anecdote of Surgeon-General S ir A lfred Keogh, which reveals the director-general of the A rm y M ed ical Services in a very hum an light. In the early days of the war Sir A lfred was at the front as a R ed Cross Com m issioner, and he had since adm itted that after witnessing the spectacle of the wounded, crowded into luggage vans with nobody to relieve their misery, “ I cried m yself to sleep when I went to bed on two nights.” M r. C antlie said we had never had a better director-general than Sir Alfred.

— F I R S T

1 88

Aids By

Home = Nursing.*

CORBET

FLETCH ER,

B.A ., M .B .,

B .C ., Cantab., M .R .C .S . A uthor of A Com pendium of A id s to F irst A id , &c. No.

X III.

( Concluded fro m page 1 6 6 .) I I I. — M EAN S

D IA G N O S IS

( Contin ued).

T h is is im portant as M ea n s o f D ia g n o sis a n d as G uide to Progress. Further, its significance in

A t t it u d e .

prolonged Fevers is noteworthy on account of the dangers of Congestion of Lungs, Bed-sores, and Footdrop. A — P rin cip al Points— H o r iz o n ta l P o stu re

long illness. R a ise d P o stu re occurs in Diseases of the Lungs and Heart. L a te r a l P o stu re occurs in P leurisy (free action of unaffected lung). Sem i-flexed P o stu re occurs in Peritonitis (any pressure distresses). P r o n e P o stu re occurs in R enal, B iliary, and Intes tinal C o lic (pain eased by pressure). B — Treatm ent.

Stu dy com fort an d help m aintain position o f ease. R a ise d P o stu re m aintained by Bed-rest, Bed-rope,

Pillow under knees. L a te r a l P o stu re m aintained by Pillow in sm all of

back. T ongue.

T h is indicates State o f the D ig estiv e System

P rin ciple Points (com pare S k in )— (1 ) C o lou r. — R e d (F e v e r); brown (T yph oid ). W h i t e and furred in Indigestion : pale, flabby in Anremia). B l u e , swollen (Asphyxia. (2) Degrees o f M o istu re. — Dry, cracked (Influenza, T yph oid). (3 ) S urfa ce .-— F urred (In d ig e s tio n ); strawberry (Scarlatina) ; swollen and tooth indented (Constipation). (4) E ffects o f Rem edies.— Im provem ent in colour, moisture 'and surface ; cleans first at tip and sides. (5) M ovem ents. — Protruded with difficulty (A p o plexy, F e v e rs ); protruded to one side (Apoplexy). T

— T h is indicates State o f an d N erv o u s Systems.

T e m p e ra tu re

(i) M outh.— Place thermometer under the tongue w ith lip s tightly closed. Never register immediately after hot or cold food has been taken. (ii) A rm pit.— W ipe out armpit and place patient’s h a n d on opposite shoulder and elbow pressed against body. (iii) R ectum .— R e lia b le if bowel empty, other wise fteces may prevent contact of thermometer with walls of rectum. (iv) G ro in.— Least satisfactory. T h ig h must be pressed on abdomen. ( 3 ) T im e o f R egistering. — Periods vary with ther mometer, but most accurate results are obtained if time is prolonged— 5 to 10 minutes. (4) M ea n s o f Recording. — Record accurately by Chart. C L IN IC A L

occurs in Exhaustion after

Circulatory

P rin cipal Points— (1 ) M ea n s o f R egistering.— C lin ic a l Therm om eter. (2) Sites o f R egistering. — T h e sites selected are practically closed cavities in which the blood-vessels are superficial. * T hese papers are selected from D r. Corbet F je tch e r’s A ids to Home-Nursing, w hich is published by M essrs. B ale, Sons & D anielsson, 83-91, G reat Titch field-street, Lo nd o n , W ., and is now on sale, price 6d. net.

April, 191 6.

AID. —

THERM O M ETER.

T h e outstanding peculiarities of the C lin ic a l as distinct from R oom or Bath Therm om eters are that the former is— S Sm all. It can b e carried in the waistcoat pocket. S S e l f - r e g i s t e r i n g . T h e m ercury is contained in the bulb, and a small portion is cut off from the rest by two constrictions in the tube. T h is portion remains perm anently above the upper constriction, and, if it should be shaken into the bulb, then the utility of thermometer is lost. B y this device, any rise of Body-Tem perature rem ains as registered f o r any length o f tim e , and is not subject to changes of external atmosphere. T h e thermo meter can only be re-set by shaking the m ercury down. S S p e c i a l l y - g r a d u a t e d . T he range o f temperature is 95 degs. to n o d e g s . Fahr., which coincides with that of W arm and H o t Baths. E a c h degree is subdivided into i-5ths. The figures represented are 95, 100, 105, 110, and an arrow at 9 8 - 4 to indicate norm al temperature. T h e time o f the thermometer is usually plainly marked on the back. C H A R T IN G . Charts are prepared by the Nurse for the Doctor, and Various kinds are available for registering the Body-Tem perature, some being figured for morning and evening records, others every four hours, &c., &c. Sum m ing up the P rin cipal Points of Charting we find that a Chart (like a R o lle r Bandage) must be— (1 ) E f f e c t i v e . T h e effectiveness of the Chart depends on its completeness. Therefore, the Chart must record not only the range and time of the tem perature but also those of the p u lse and respiration. Further, the n a tu ra l Junctions (e.g., urine, bowels), and any outstanding symptoms (e.g., rigor) or treatm ent (e.g., tepid sponging) should also be recorded. are best kept away from the Patient.

(2) N e a t . Neatness is attained by m aking all figures, letters, & c., small and distinct, by using printed characters, where possible, and by always ruling the lines w hich con nect the dots of the temperature. (3) C o r r e c t . Correctness depends on the powers of Observation of the Nurse. T h e temperature is recorded by sm a ll dots, placed accurately on the equivalent line of the Chart and connected by ru led lines. T h e resulting curve is typical in many diseases.

April. 1916

— F I R S T ROLLER

CO RRECT

AID. the peculiarity of w hich is that one loop is larger than the other ; suitable for union of lim bs to trunk of body— e.g., S h o u l d e r , g r o i n , and also t h u m b

BANDAGE.

B a n d a g in g

E sse n t ia l

H ome-

N u r sin g .

R o lle r bandages are lengths of cloth, varying in width, length, and also material, e.g., linen, calico, gauze, &c. Ttiey are used for two main purposes— the Comfort of the patient and the Control of the part affected. I . — S IZ E

T h e

E n d .

The Earl of Ranfurly, P.C., G.C.M.G.

BANDAGE.

A v e r a g e w id th a n d le n g th , 1 in c h w ide,

3 yards

E arly of R anfurly, the D irector of the A m b ulance Departm ent of the O rder of St. Joh n, was born in the year 1856. In 1895 he was appointed a L o rd-in -W aitin g to Queen V ictoria, w hich post he held till 1897, when he was

T he

long,

for F i n g e r s . A v e r a g e w id th a n d le n g th , 2 to 3 in c h e s w ide, 6 y ar d s lo n g , for H e a d a n d L i m b s .

Average width and length, 4 to 6 inches wide, 8 yards long, for C h e s t and A b d o m e n . I I . — U T IL IT Y (1)

B A N D A G IN G

C om fort of

P a tien t.

(i) T o keep injured parts at rest. (ii) T o support injured.parts, e.g., slings, &c. (2) C o n t r o l

P art.

(i) T o control bleeding by pressure. (ii) T o control and fix fractures and splints. (lii) T o control dressings and cover wounds. I I I .— R E Q U I R E M E N T S

B A N D A G IN G

T h e correct application of bandages requires much patience, practice and experience, because it must be— (1 ) E f f e c t i v e — that is, attain its objects of Com for and C o n tro l; ( 2 ) N e a t — that is, upper and lower edges must lie f l a t ; tu r n s m u s t b e s y m m e t r i c a l ; reverses m u s t f o l l o w s t r a i g h t l i n e s ; a n d ends m u s t b e s e c u r e d ; (3) C o r r e c t —

that is, the accepted R u le s o f R o lle r B a n d ag in g , w h i c h m a y b e e p i t o m i z e d , m u s t in e v e r y in s t a n c e be c a r r ie d out.

K eep bandage under C o n t r o l througnout, i.e., at the start, during and at the con clusion of its application. Stand O p p o s i t e to patient and use either han d — i.e., right hand lor left lim b and vice versa. R estr ain

and

fix

bandage

a t sta rt an d con

clusion o f a p p l i c a t i o n .

in straigh t lin e a n d a l s o on outside o f limb. B a n d a g e E l b o w ^and a ll j o i n t s ) in f i n a l p o si tion of limb. C a r r y b a n d a g e f r o m w ithin out a n d f r o m

Make each Turn overlap two-thirds of pre

Keep

lin e

b e lo w up.

turn. IV .— M E T H O D S (1)

B A N D A G IN G .

S p i r a l . — S eries o f o b liq u e circles o f part o f lim b

;

su ita b le for f i n g e r s .

(2)

R e v e r s e .—

(3)

F ig u r e

L ord

R a n f u r l y ,

P .C .,

G .C .M .G .

of R everses

Com bination of oblique circles and complete folding of bandages (T u rn s) round lim b ; suitable for u p p e r a n d l o w e r l i m b s . o f E i g h t .— S e r i e s

of loop s

w h ich

cope

with any irregularity of surface, and ensure Correctness of bandage, suitable for j o i n t s . (4) S p i c a . — A com bination of the previous three methods— that is, a spiral bandage with reversed turns, forming a sort of figure eight,

appointed Governor of New Zealand. F o r seven years he held this office, having been invited by both H ouses for a second period. H is time in New Zealand was one of great activity. D urin g his term of office he received our present K in g and Queen, who visited the four chief cities, as well as the H o t Lakes, where there was a great gathering of Maories. D urin g the South A frican W ar he saw off ten contin gents from New Zealand, and the difficulty was not toget men w illing to fight for the Em pire, but to select from the num erous volunteers. H e had the good fortune (possessed by few living ) of adding a little to our Em pire. Besides establishing several island B ritish Protectorates, he annexed the Cook and H ervey Is la n d 1-', etc. These islands, though small, have benefited largely by this, and their export trade is now ten times what it used to be. L o rd R an furly has been a K n ig h t of Justice of the O rder o f St. John for nearly 20 years, and he greatly encouraged the work of the O rder in New Zealand. At one hospital, whose principal cases came from a bush d istrict,

— F I R S T he was inform ed on his last visit before leaving that many a life and many a lim b had been saved owing to the teaching of first aid ; that now the sufferer arrived often so well bandaged for, say, a broken lim b, that the doctors were quite content. T o o old for active work, Lo rd R an furly devotes the whole of his time to the A m bulance Departm ent ; he also is a member of the Joint W ar Com m ittee at 83, P all M all, and many other committees which have the care of our sick and wounded at heart.

Hints for Hospital Orderlies. B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R . B.A., M.B., B.C., Cantab, M .R.C.S. Author of “ A ids to F ir s t A i d " “ A id s to Hom e N u rsin g ,” and “ W hy and Wherefore in F r s t A id ." C h apter

I. —

In tr o d u cto r y

T H E H O S P IT A L O R D E R L Y is a unit of the R o )a l Arm y M edical Corps, which is maintained, fir s t, for the prevention of disease and, secondly, for the care and treat ment of the sick and wounded. (1 .)

R E L A T IO N

O F H O S P IT A L O R D E R L Y T O R .A .M .C . Though the O rderly is only a unit in the Arm y Corps, yet he is an integral part of this organisation, though he may com plain that he must possess much Know ledge in order to attend to a patient’s cleanliness and to scrub and dust a ward, in which the germs of disease flourish and through which infectious diseases are propagated. Tn is, however, is the first step in the P r e v e n t i o n o f D i s e a s e . T h e O rderly’s position is exactly paralleled by that of the civilian Surgeon, who, when drafted in time of war into the R .A .M .C ., protests that— instead of performing major operations to which he is accustom ed— he is told off to treat whitlows and other m inor ailments. In each case the apparently trivial work is of utmost importance, and both are perform ing valuable services. T h e Surgeon, by his prompt cure of m inor ailments and the quick return of the soldier to duty, is increasing the fighting efficiency of the a rm y ; while the Orderly, by promoting cleanliness and removing dust, is attacking the prime cause of infection. T h is is the more important when we remember that Infectious Diseases— especially T y p h o id Fever, Diarrhoea, D ysentery and C holera— provide the bulk of the work of the R .A .M C. Officer, alike in peace and w ar; and that it has been estimated that in war-time for every case under treatment for wounds, there are twenty-five cases of sickness. Again, the H o spital O rderly must remember that his K now ledge and Experience are necessary because there may be occasions on which, in the absence of the Sister of the W ard, he may have to undertake more conspicuous (though not more im portant) duties, such as m inor dress ings, temperature recording, etc. T h e O rderly’s part in the prevention of disease being thus established, we may pause to consider the O rigin of H ospitals and also certain factors which have led to a m odification of O rderly Duties. (2 .)

O R IG IN

H O S P IT A L S .

H ospitals, as the word signifies, were originally “ guest

AID. —

April, 1916.

houses,” instituted p rim a r ily for the shelter of strangers, pilgrim s and travellers, and occasionally for the reception of the sick and infirm. T h ey are essentially the outcome of Christianity, though modified forms of hospitals (usually com bined with Schools of M edicine) are recorded here and there in the histories of the ancient G reek and Rom an Em pires. In point of time the first H ospital is said to have been established at Caesarea, by the Em peror Valens, towards the end of the 4th Century ; but in point of its far-reaching influence on civilisation the first H ospital must be regarded as the institution which was established at Jerusalem in the year 1048 a . d . by certain merchants of Am alfi. Created first as a H ouse of Refuge for weary, way-worn pilgrim s to the H o ly Sepulchre, it gradually developed until it became a large hospital, which was equipped, staffed and maintained by the members of a new religious order who styled themselves “ H ospitallers of St. Joh n of Jerusalem .” T h e opening of the Crusades, and especially the capture of Jerusalem (1099 a d ) by the Crusaders, brought about a change in the status of this society of well-doers, devoted to the relief of suffering ; and Pope Pascal I I . gave his consent to the formation of a definite “ Order of C h iv alry ,” which was to be known as “ T h e O rder of St. Joh n of Jerusalem .” T h e Order became world-famous, exceedingly wealthy, and was later converted into a m ilitary com m unity ; but its members were sworn to poverty and chastity as well as obedience. T h e meaning of the term “ Hospital ” was afterwards extended until it included all institutions dedicated to the reception of any class of persons dependent on outside assistance and unable to supply their own requirements. Thus, we find H ospitals for children, for old and infirm people (e .g , Chelsea and Greenwich H ospitals), for sick, injured and incurable patients as well as Hospitals, for the education of children of parents in poor circum stances (e.g., C h rist’s H ospital). In its more modern sense, the term is restricted to buildings which are intended for the treatment of sick and injured, and which are again divided into General and Special, amongst the latter being the M ilitary (e.g. Netley and Cam bridge) H ospitals and the N aval (e.g., H a slar and M e lville) Hospitals. (3 )

M O D IF IC A T IO N

O RDERLY

D U T IE S .

A n O rderly is defined as “ one who carries official messages for his superior officers.” In days of old the H ospital O rderlies were responsible for nursing the sick and wounded as well as for various duties in the Wards. T n e ir duties, however, have been considerably modified since the Crim ean W ar (1854-5), when Florence N igh tin gale created the modern nurse who for the first time in history took her part in nursing sick and wounded soldiers, and who was, from this time onward, to assume her im portant position in the care and treatment of sick and injured civilians. Florence Nightingale has been called the H ero ine of the Crim ean War, because, having already spent many years in the investigation of hospital and nursing methods and organisations, she was pre-eminently fitted— both personally and professionally— to take supreme com mand of the nursing arrangements. Further, she was able to suggest and carry out the various improvements which have helped m aterially to better the circum stances of the sick and wounded soldier on active service. In short, she introduced cleanliness and discipline into chaos, and, displaying exceptional tact in overcom ing m ilitary and (1C o n tin u ed on page I Q 2 ) .

April, 1916.

—FIRST

AI D. —

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192

- F l k s T

( C oncluded from page i g o .)

m edical prejudice, was so successful in eliciting the active support of all those in authority that, as the direct result of her efforts, the mortality from sickness and wounds fell from 6 0 per cent, during the first six months of the Crim ean W ar to 1 0 per cent, during the last six months. H isto ry shows that, previous to these alterations and the re-organisation of the R .A .M .C . which was the natural and inevitable sequel, any person— excluded from the army by reason of bodily infirm ity or deform ity— was con sidered suitable for and undertook the responsibilities of hospital orderlies, stretcher bearers, &c., and that unfitness for m ilitary service rather than previous Knowledge and Experience of these duties was the all-important factor. In these days, since it is recognised, fir s t, that the speedy return to the firing line of the sick and wounded soldier may make all the difference between victory and defeat, and, secondly , that rapid recovery must be facilitated in all m ild and moderate cases of wounds and illness, the modern R .A .M .C . endeavours to solve the problem by dealing with it in three stages— first aid, transport and hospital. T o accom plish this purpose, it follows that there must be trained men who can adm inister the immediate treatment on the field as well as trained orderlies who shall be capable of attending to the requirements of the patients both during their transport to the base in am bulance car, train or ship, and also during their sojourn in the military hospital while they are recovering from their ills and injuries. In effect, the solution of the problem demanded an unlim ited supply of men and material, which, if maintained during times of peace, would handicap the progress of civilisation and would enorm ously increase the cost of upkeep of the A rm y M edical Corps. T o cope with these difficulties, many suggestions were made and many plans were tried without avail, until a Swiss gentleman, ignorant of m edicine and unskilled in m ilitary science, succeeded where all others had failed. H e n ri D unant had been present at the Battle of Solferino (1859 a .d .) and had personally witnessed the unspeakable horrors and awful destruction of human life which occurred in this, the most blood-thirsty, battle of modern times. H e realised— 1st, that for the adequate assistance of the wounded in battle the m ilitary organisation must be augmented by voluntary aid. A n d 2nd, that this was only possible if those assisting the wounded were recognised as neutral and free from attack. Dunant devoted all his time, fortune and energies to

H axe k

April, 1916.

A I D. —

the purpose of converting to his view the authorities of all the European Powers, and crowned his life’s work by bringing about the Geneva Convention of 1 8 6 4 , when all the signatories agreed to respect the rights of the wounded man and adopted as their international emblem the red cross on a white ground, which is the reversal of the national flag of Switzerland. Subsequent to this historic meeting and compact, enthusiasm for am bulance work on the battlefield increased greatly, and National A id Societies (afterwards designated R ed Cross Societies) were organised in every c o u n try ; but it soon became evident that, if a National Society was to offer effective help in time o f w a r then it must train its orderlies, stretcher bearers and nurses in days o f peace.

On these grounds certain members of the O rder of St. Joh n of Jerusalem , foremost amongst whom was Sir John Furley, urged the establishment of an organisation devoted to this purpose. A s the result of their efforts, the St. Joh n A m bulance Association was instituted in 1877 to instruct the laity in F irst-A id to those injured in civil occupations. Further experience proved that better results would be obtained if the holders of certificates were fully trained, and especially if they were taught how to act together in com bination. T h e St. Joh n A m bulance Brigade, therefore, came into being in 1887, and the country was mapped out into D ivisions. In 1888 the S .J.A .A . was incorporated by Royal Charter, but twenty years elapsed before the E ng lish National A id Society received the same official recognition and adopted the title 01 British R td Cross Society. Dur-

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- F U S T

April, 1916,

IODEX J

Iodi. M * « d

A sep tic.

193

AI D. —

FIRST-AID

has bun supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u rg e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u rg e o n s , Red C ro s s S u rg e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F ra n c a is e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p it a ls , F re n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

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ing the interval there was instituted the R .A .M .C . T e rri torial Force, which as the voluntary m edical service owed its initiation to Colonel James Cantlie, the present-day pioneer of Am bulance W ork and worthy successor of H e n ri Dunant. Subsequently, the idea of training laymen and laywomen to assist civilians in accidents and sudden illness was again extended to war conditions, and Voluntary A id D e tachments (whose members prepared themselves for various duties contingent upon invasion of this country) were organised by the S .J.A .A . and the B .R .C .S . under the direct supervision and command of the W ar Office. * * * * * * T h e sum-total of all these efforts (which originated in D unant’s early attempts to relieve the woes of those wounded in battle) is that F ir s t , the necessity for and the value of voluntary and civilian aid has been fully proven, and Secondly , there have been evolved from this source two supplementary lines of defence which can be utilised by the regular R .A .M .C . in the stress and turm oil of an im portant war. I f further proof is needed, this we can find in the official figures of the S J A.B. These show that during the present European W ar 21,058 male and 1,803 female mem bers of this organisation were on M arch 1st, 1916, actively employed in Naval and M ilitary H ospitals at home and abroad. As far as the Orderly is concerned, the introduction of the professional nurse may have modified the scope of his duties, but his preliminary training and certification in First-A id, H om e-N ursing and Hygiene, have enorm ously

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increased the potential value of his services and have facilitated his task of conform ing to the D iscip lin e and Routine W ork w hich are so essential to the effective treat ment of sick and wounded soldiers in H ospital. ( T o be continued.)

£etters to the Sditor. liee are in no w a y responsible fo r the opinions expressed , or the statem ents m ade , by C orrespondents. — E d i t o r , E t c .

T H E O R IG IN O F F I R S T A ID . D e a r S IR ,- W it h regard to your reply to V.A .D . Gloster (60). I have a small volume with the following title :— “ First Help in Accidents : being a Surgical Guide, in the absence or before the arrival of medical assistance, for the use of the public, especially for the members of both the M ilitary and N aval Services, Volunteers and Travellers, etc., by Charles H. Schaible, M.D., P h.D .” T h is work was published in September, 1864, price 2S. 6d.; 5 ^ x 3 ^ in., p. 225, illustrated. In intention and system it is obviously the same as our own manual. It is divided into chapters and paragraphs in just the same way, but no heavy type. T h is gives the rather large period of thirteen years in which the term “ First H e lp ” was changed to “ First Aid.” I hope some reader will be able to give particulars of a manual published within this time.— Yours truly, J. R. M. A i .b r e c h t , Hon. Sec. Salford D ivision S.J.A.B. Manchester, A pril n th , 1916.

— F I R S T

'9 +

Apri l, 1916.

AID. —

“ A valuable first-aid d re ss in g for w o u n d s ” C U C H is the testimony to Sphagnol of a wellknown L o n d o n Surgeon, whose report we quote below in full. A ll m edical men should avail them selves at this time of this strikingly successful healing ointment. It is a distillate of Peat— is antiseptic— possesses rem arkable healing properties — and is easily applied. Jan. ibth, 1915. iiI have tried your Sphagnol preparations, ointment, ana cream in certain chronic ulcers with remarkable success and have recommended Sphagnol to a large number o f people under training as a valuable first aid dressing fo r wounds. *

SphaOnol C P H A G N O L is the standard remedy of medical men in all cases of skin disease and inflam m a tion. It is invaluable in the treatment of “ T R E N C H S O R E S ,” E C Z E M A , U L C E R S , P S O R IA S IS , R I N G W O R M , A C N E , D A N D R I F F , P R U R I T IS , HERPES, H E M O R R H O ID S . ' T H E In s t i t u t e of H y g ie n e have awarded their certificate for purity, merit, and quality to all Sphagnol Soaps and Ointment.

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April, 1916.

A 1 L>. —

— F I R S T

195

The Work for every earnest First Aid Worker Su bjects T reated : Anatomy. Physiology. Bacteriology. Elem entary Pharmacy. Public Hygiene. Hygiene for Nurses. A ir, W a te r, Soil, etc. Houses for the People. T h e Nursing of Phthisis. T ro p ica l Diseases. Electrical Treatment. X -R a y Treatm ent. Invalid Cookery, Sickroom Recipes. Massage. C a re of the Insane. M id w ife ry and M onthly Nursing. Inflammation and Gangrene. C ere b ral Concussions. H ot Packs: Fomentations. A rterial Haemorrhage. W a sh in g out the Stomach. C u p p in g : Leeches. Gunshot W o u nds. Enemata. Neurasthenia. Injections. Infected W o u n d s. A pplication of Heat. Leiter's Tubes. H o w to lay out the Dead. C ere b ral Excitement after Injury. Functional Disorders. M a le Nursing. Arm y Nursing. Queen A lexan d ra's M ilitary Nursing. Royal A rm y M edical Corps. H eart Affections. Chest Affections. Nursing Staffs in Hospitafs. C a re of the Aged. C a re of C h ild re n . Practical Details. Splints. Fractures. Bandages. Tourniquets. Diets and Treatm ents (Special). Surgical and A ccident Cases. Haemorrhage. W o u nd s. Epileptic Fits. Fainting Fits. Com mon Poisons. AN First A id Treatments. Accidents and Emergencies. Burns and Scalds. H o w to Prepare for an Operation. A fter the Operation. Appliances, etc., etc. Exercises. Prescriptions. T rain in g Schools and Nursing Institutions. Nursing in Poor L a w Institutions. T h e L a w Relating to Nurses. M ed ical Glossary.

T H

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M is s S Y D N E Y

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Few

Q u e s tio n s :

H o w w ould you massage for co n stipa tion, indigestio n , and sciatica respec tively ? See “ M assa g e.” W h at are antipyretics, aphrodisiacs, caustics, diuretics, sedatives and styptics respectively ? G iv e exam ples o f two drugs in each of these classes. W hat are hyperderm ic injectio ns, enemata, oleates and suppositories re spectively ? See “ E le m e n ta ry P h a rm a cy .” D efine the difference between sym p toms and signs of disease. H o w w ould you deduce, m erely from the attitude of the patient in bed, the presence o f cere bral irrita tio n , ch ron ic m eningitis, acute pleu risy, bro nchitis, pericarditis, heart disease and angina respectively ? O f what is cyanosis (blueness) an in dication ? A n d dilatation of the n ostrils ? Puffiness under the eyes? W h at is the H ipp ocratic face? A n d what does it denote ? W h at is a “ stomach cough ? ” O f what is in distin ct, stum bling speech a sign ? D escribe the sputem in acute pn eu m onia ; and in early and late bronchitis respectively ? In w hat diseases does oedema o f the teet and legs occur? N am e three conditions w hich produce distension o f the abdom en? H o w w ould you test for blood in the urine ? H o w do you recognise an outbreak of “ shingles ?” See “ S ig n s and Sym ptom s of

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N A M E ........................................................................................................................................................................

AD D RESS................. ............. .................................................................................................. F.A.N ., 1916.

.......................... ....................................................................

— F I R S T

196

April, 1916

AID. —

First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects. On

Aids to M em ory fo r ‘ F irst A id ' S tu d e n ts . B y L. M. F r a n k C h r i s t i a n , M .B ., C .M . Edin. Author (jo in tly w ith IV .R .E .) of “ Problems in First A id ,” St. John Amb Assoc.

Seventh Kdltion now ready.

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

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---------------------------------------„ ,, . . . . , T T H r to w hom all com m unications should be a d d re sse d P rin te d and P u b lls o e d by M essrs. D a l b . R b y n o l d s & C o .. L td ., 46 . CaDnon S t. L o n d o n , H .L ., to wo

F I R S T AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

AM BULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 263.

VOL.

X X II To

[N ew S e r ie s ,]

Our

------

M A Y , 1916

GAZETTE.

DALE. [E nltrtd at Sta tto n trs' Hall. 1

^2/6

P e r * ^ A nn uju ,^ P o s t - F r e e

called upon to work among running m achinery has resulted

Readers.

•* F ir s t Aid ” Is published on th e 20th of e v e r y month. The A n n ual Subscription is 2 S . 6 d . post fre e ; single copies 2 d . T h e F.ditor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to am bulance w orkers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, Lo ndo n , E .C .

in risks of in jury from w hich the workman, who has generally made the acquaintance of the workshop as a lad, is more or less exempt.

Again, the conditions of em ploy

ment are frequently such a complete change from the quiet and restful atmosphere of the home, which many have only

A ll articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the w riter, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the E dito r.

the start at any rate, a good num ber of m inor accidents

Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business com m unications connected w ith F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers,

appreciate the value of a training w hich will enable them

DALE,

R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d . , 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E .C .

now left for the first time, that it is not surprising that, at are likely to occur.

T h at the women have been ready to

to m inim ise the effect of such accidents, and have taken steps to acquire it, is testimony alike to their foresight and hum anitarianism .

EDITO RIAL

Cases have been reported where large classes of women workers have taken a course of first aid training and, not

M uch

has been written upon the sub-

content with that, have followed it up with instruction in

E m p lo y m e n t

ject of employment of women for what

Hom e Nursing, so as to equip themselves for service as

of W o m e n

had, prior to the war, been regarded as

assistants in the hospitals w hich have recently come into

a n d F i r s t A id . “ man’s work,” particularly in connec

being all over the country.

T h e conditions which obtain

tion with making of m unitions of war. We see women to-day piloting motor cars and horsed

and one can have nothing but adm iration for the woman

vehicles through the congested traffic of the Metropolis,

worker who, after a long day in the workshop or office, will

acting as porters, ticket collectors and carriage cleaners

spend an hour or more in obtaining instruction which w ill

upon our railways and filling a hundred and one other

enable her to take a hand in alleviating the sufferings of

have, no doubt, influenced many in taking up such work,

positions which, but a short time ago, were considered to

her fellow workers, or qualify her for duty at one of our

be suited only to male employes.

hospitals.

T h e war has revealed to

us many things, and one of the most valuable, perhaps, is

W om en railway workers have, in several instances,

the ability of our women to promptly and adequately under

organised themselves into classes for instruction in both

take duties on the land, on the railways and, also, in the

first aid and nursing, and at one of our great London

workshop when the men have been withdrawn for sterner

termini, where our soldiers leave their wives and families

work over seas.

en route for the trenches, a uniform ed corps of women rail

“ T h e women are wonderful,” has by

repetition become almost a classic doubtedly a great truth.

phrase.

It is un

way employes may be seen ready to deal with any case of disability which may arise.

It is testimony to our women

Large numbers of the women who have now joined

folk that many will, by an almost super-human effort, keep

the industrial ranks have engaged upon work of a more or

a “ straight lip and dry e y e ” until their soldier-heroes have

less hazardous character, and it is gratifying to know that

been lost to sight in the departing train only to collapse

where their duties permit they have readily sacrificed some of their lim ited leisure hours in order to qualify themselves

afterwards when there is no chance of “ him ” witnessing

to render first aid to their fellow-workers should occasion

such as these that the W om en’s A m bulance Corps are

arise. W hilst women are, perhaps, as careful and pains taking as the sterner sex, the conditions under which such large numbers have been absorbed into workshops and

the breakdown.

It is on occasions and in circum stances

doing such a good work— essentially women’s work— and applying skilled and sympathetic distressed sisters.

treatment

for

their

— F I R S T

May, 1916.

AID. No. 2 District.

3Fe Srand SViorg of the 6rder of the Hospital of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

tfhe S t.

Jo h n

DEPARTMENT.

.Ambulance

Srigade.

DISTRICT” 1ORDERS. A c tin g

d e p u t y

c o m m is s io n e r

W IN N Y .

D IS T R IC T K h aki

A N N U A L R E - E X A M IN A T IO N S . Officers or members in charge of divisions, if they wish the annual re-examination to count towards the Association awards such as medal or label, etc., should themselves apply direct to the Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association, giving the following particulars (1) The number and sex of the candidate, (2) the subject, (3) date, (4) the date of the previous examinations of the candidates on that subject, (5) name and address of the medical man who has consented to conduct the re-examination. Failure to carry out these instructions may entail considerable annoyance and delay. B R IG A D E R E G U L A T IO N S . Considerable inconvenience is caused both to members of divisions and to headquarters, by the failure of officers in charge of divisions to make themselves sufficiently acquainted with the Brigade Regulations. Officers are reminded that the Regulations should be carefully studied, especially as by doing so a considerable amount of correspondence would be saved. Officers in charge of divisions should see that their Brigade notepaper is in accordance with the Regulations. Brigade correspondence should not, if it can be avoided, be conducted on V .A .D . notepaper. A P P O IN T M E N T . M iss Rideout, Lady Superintendent of No. 18 Whitehall Nursing Division, has been appointed Acting Lady District Secretary, to date from 6th May, 1916. C O M P E T IT IO N F O R A IR R A ID VO LUN TEERS. A special prize is being offered for competition by the Police. Those eligible to compete will be members of A ir Raid parties furnished by the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Red Cross and other societies, whose members were registered f o r this work on 1st April, 1916. Each organisation will be permitted to furnish one team of men and one team of women to compete, five in each team. The competition will take place at the Botanical Gardens, Regent’s Park, on July 6th. Further particulars will be given later. W . H. W IN N Y ,

A ctin g Deputy-Com m issioner.

Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

A m bu lan ce

G a zette .

Arrangements have now been completed, with the approval of the Chapter General of the Order, for the publication of the “ St. John Ambulance Gazette ” as part of the monthly journal F i r s t A i d . The attention of all ranks is therefore drawn to this periodical, in the hope that it will be supported, both financially and also with news. Reports and notices from Divisions should be forwarded to the Deputy Commissioner, at the end of each Key from month, in time to reach headquarters by the 3rd of the follow ing month.

M IL IT A R Y S E R V IC E B IL L . When this B ill becomes law it is probable that the ranks of the men who have volunteered their services for A ir Raid work will be seriously depleted. 11 is important therefore that officers or members in charge of divisions should at the earliest possible moment report the present number of men in their division registered for A ir R aid work, and approximately the number of these men who may be called up for service.

(Signed)

U n if o r m .

Referring to Brigade Order 279, instructions have been issued by the Arm y Council necessitating the following modi fications being effected forthwith :— I he wearing of the shoulder brace of the Sam Browne belt by Officers of the Brigade or Voluntary Aid Detachments, who do not hold Commissions, to be discontinued, and shoulder cords substi tuted for shoulder straps. The badges of rank should be worn on the lapels of the jacket. St . Joh n

J U N E , 1916. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday,4th.— No. 68 Division, City of London. „ 1 ith.— No. 7 „ Toynbee Hall. „ 18th.— No. 40 „ Beckton. „ 25th.— No. 53 „ Watford. 2.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. As per separate orders. St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m.

ORDERS.

In d e x

C ard s.

The Deputy Commissioner would like to ask all divisions who use the card index for tabulating the details of their members, to forward a specimen card at their earliest con venience. O b it u a r y .

It is with sincere regret the Deputy Commissioner records the death of the undermentioned members of the BrigadeDivl. Supt. A. W. Agg, J.P., Andoverford Division, Chel tenham Corps, April, 1916. . Pte. H. E. A. Verrinder, Clifton Division, City of Bristol C o r p s , died o n m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e , 30/11/15. Pte. J. S. Tomlin, Maidenhead Division, died on military service, 30/1/16. . . . Pte. H. Griffiths, Oxford City Division, Oxford Corps, died on military service, 22/2/16. H o sp it a l

S e r v ic e

f o r

N u r sin g

M em ber s.

Members of Nursing Divisions can now obtain a month’s experience in either the Charing Cross Hospital or Kensington Infirmary, London. Those desirous of further particulars should apply, through their Superintendent, to the Deputy Commissioner ( Signed) J o h n S. G r i f f i t h s , D eputv Commissioner.

Headquarters :— Redland Park House, Bristol. No

3 District.

— Members of the Headquarters Division who have joined the R.A .M .C. have been particularly successful in promotions, and news has now come to hand that Stan-Sergt. Scarr has been “ Mentioned in Despatches” for Distinguished Conduct in the Field. K e t t e r in g

No. 5 District. B O S T O N — This Division, which now has 49 officers, non commissioned officers and men on active service, has, through the untiring energies of its popular Commanding Officer, L)ivl. Supt W J Husson, been able to obtain ten new members. Boston being on the East Coast, the Division is frequently on duty through the night, in readiness for air raids. During the past few weeks several courses of instruction in first aid have been held One course for females has just been completed, with the pleasing result of all the candidates being successful. Ambulance Officer Lewis M. Gaze has been instructing seven teen boys of the Boston Troop (Baden-Powell Scouts), all of whom have obtained the Ambulance Badge. Thanks to the h a r d w o r k of Ambulance Officers G. A. Enderby and W . H. T nnn the new officer being a fresh asset to the Division, the

May, 1916,

- F I R S T

division funds have been enhanced by the sum of £25, being the proceeds of a concei t, entirely organised by these officers, ably assisted by the N.C.O.’s and men. S u p t . H u s s o n is j u s t c o m m e n c i n g a c l a s s o f i n s t r u c t i o n in N u r s i n g , fo r w h i c h t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e l a s t r e c r u i t s h a v e h a n d e d in th e ir n a m e s .

Councillor J. W. Hinder has presented the Division with a handsome Roll of Honour, which has been decorated by Messrs. F. B. Pearson & Sons. T his meritorious piece of work has been placed in the Orderly Room at the headquarters, St John’s Hall. Owing to the heavy duties of the Division, which entails a deal of night work, Ambulance Officer Gaze has taken up his abode at the headquarters.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

It is not many years since the St. John Ambulance B ri gade was started in Dublin. For a time its members were looked upon as well-intentioned but unneeded, and they lacked the full measure of public support and sympathy which their work deserved. Its usefulness is no longer doubted. On Easter Monday, when the Sinn Fein rising broke out, Dist. Supt. W. G. Smith, Dist. Officer Moore and Corps Supt. Stodart were early in touch with the various ambulance divi sions, and shortly after Brigade men were to be seen tending the wounded and acting as stretcher bearers all over the city. The Deputy Commissioner was away from home, but on returning to Dublin on Tuesday night, took entire charge of all ambulance arrangements, and was in constant communication with the military authorities. On several occasions Dr. Lumsden acted in the most gallant manner— tending wounded for some hours under a heavy cross-fire, getting supplies to hospitals in very dangerous areas, going himself with the wagons. Lady Dist. Supt. Dr. E lla Webb, with her customary promptitude, mobilised many of the nurses early in the week, and set about turning the Irish W ar Hospital Supply Depot, 40, Marrion-square, into an auxiliary hospital. In three hours the house was ready with fifty beds, and even an operating theatre was prepared for the surgeons. About forty patients were admitted during the ten days. This hospital was used for wounded, for which there was no room in Sir Patrick Dunn’s Hospital, and as the fighting was very desperate in that neighbourhood the hospital was soon filled. The Matrons-in-Charge were Miss A. M. McDonnell, R.R.C. (night) and Miss Carson-Rae (day). The District was particularly fortunate in obtaining the services of these ladies. Dr. E lla Webb was Commandant, Mrs. Lumsden, wife of the Deputy Commissioner, an untiring worker, Quartermaster, and Mrs. Hignett head of the Canteen. The hospital’s auxiliary to 40, Merrion-square, with staffs, were— Mrs. Heppell M arr’s, 29, Lower Fitzwilliam-street. Com mandant, Mrs. Heppel Marr, Assistant, Miss Mabel McCarthy. Litton H all (by permission of the Rev. Percy Phair, M.A.). Commandant, Miss Archer, Matron, Miss Buckley. High School, Harcourt-street, Commandant, Miss Bird. No. 11, Bushey Park-road (kindly lent by Mrs. Jackson). Commandant, Mrs. Jackson. Miss Meade’s, 32, Fitzwilliam-square. A ll these were started by St. John or Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachments. Altogether there were 300 ambulance men and over 300 nurses engaged during those anxious ten days, and it would be utterly impossible to mention the names of all who specially distinguished themselves. Discipline of men and nurses was perfect all through. Even the nurses were frequently under fire, as they had to come on duty at the hospitals in very dangerous areas, and which most of all proved their worth, did work of the most uninteresting nature with the same spirit of unselfishness. ? 've vvRh pride the General Officer Commanding-inChiefs tribute to the,work

AID.

199

Headquarters, Irish Command, Parkgate, Dublin, 7th May, 1916. “ I desire to express my sincere appreciation of the services rendered during the recent disturbances in D ublin by the medical, surgical and nursing staffs of the many city hospitals, and particularly [of the gallantry shown by those nurses who exposed themselves to a heavy fire in attending to and removing the wounded. “ Also to the members of the Red Cross and St. John Ambulance Societies and the many medical men and private individuals who gave assistance in attending to the wounded or placed their houses at the disposal of the military for use as dressing stations. “ In numerous instances these services were rendered at considerable personal risk and under circumstances reflecting the greatest credit on those engaged in them.” (Signed) J. G. M a x w e l l , General, Commander-in-Chief of the Force in Ireland. Next month it is hoped to give for publication a report of the work of each unit separately.

Colonel T he

L ate

E d it o r

Blackham. the

“ I n d ia n

A mbulance

G a z e t t e .”

O u r readers in In d ia and elsewhere will be interested to hear that C olonel Blackham . C .I.E ., who was for so many years the H onorary Secretary of the St. John A m bulance in India, has been in France for about six months. H e is now the Assistant D irector of M edical Services of a D ivision. Colonel B lackham ’s work in In d ia included the foundation and honorary editorship, since its foundation, of our contemporary the In d ia n A m bulance G azette. H is labours were shared almost equally between the Association and Brigade, Amongst his Association services may be mentioned the establishment in In d ia of no less than 300 centres of the Association, the formation of a large reserve fund for the St. John A m bulance Association in In d ia , the collection of ,£4 0,000 for R ed Croes work in Ind ia, the despatch of consignments of R ed Cross gifts valued at many thousands of pounds to various theatres of War, the organisation of the In d ia n Branch as sole R ed Cross Society of Ind ia. E ven contributions to R ed Cross Societies of A llies pass to In d ia n St. Jo h n A m bulance Treasury, the organisation of St. Jo h n A m bulance W ar H ospital in Ind ia. Col. Blackham was also identified with the first W ar H ospital of the O rder in the East since Acre, and the training and employment of St. Joh n men on m ilitiry war work. In the Brigade C o lo n el B lackham has rendered equally conspicuous services. O nly one D ivisio n was working in In d ia when he started. Now the Brigade is well known, and few great p ub lic gatherings take place without the presence of a St. John Detachment. H is services in organising the Coronation D urbar Contingent of the Brigade, which was the largest gathering of St. John men ever organised for so long a period in peace time, attracted a great deal of attention, but his most remarkable services were at the State E n try at D elhi, in 1911, when the C olonel and his contingent picked up and rendered first aid to no less a personage than the V iceroy of In d ia himself. T h is event was so im portant that a Special Brigade O rder was published on the subject. H is comrades in the Brigade w ill watch with interest Colonel B lackham ’s work in his high m ilitary command, and pray for his safe return to their ranks in “ the piping days of peace.”

— FIRST

200

AID —

May, 1916

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. Official News. U n if o r m T h e fo llo w in g g i v e n :—

decision

R e g u l a t io n s. the

Arm y

C o un cil

has

been

“ The uniform worn by members of Voluntary Aid Detach ments raised under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Association, the British Red Cross Society, and the St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association, may be considered to be official uniform for the purposes of Regulation 41 of the Defence of the Realm Regulations.” Regulation 42, Defence of the Realm Regulations.— I f :— (a) any unauthorised person uses or wears any naval, military, police, or other official uniform, decoration, medal, or any badge supplied or authorised by the A d miralty, Army Council, or Minister of Munitions, or by the police or other official authority, or any uniform, decora tion, medal or badge, so nearly resembling the same as to be calculated to deceive ; or (ib) any person falsely representing himself to be a person who is or has been entitled to use or wear any such uniform, decoration, medal or badge as aforesaid ; or (c) any person without lawful authority or excuse sup plies any such uniform, decoration, medal or badge, as aforesaid, to any person not authorised to use or wear same ; such person shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations. G e n e r a l S e r vic e

U n if o r m .

Dispensers , Clerks , Cooks and Chauffeurs. Outdoor Uniform.— A ll ranks for the General Service Section shall wear the regulation coat and hat, and jacket and skirt, with white shirt and black regulation tie and belt. Badge.— A ll ranks of the General Service Section shall wear on the left forearm of the outdoor uniform a badge Reg. No. 43, with the emblem of the British Red Cross Society on the right, and of the Order of St. John on the left, enclosed in a double circle containing the words, “ V.A .D . General Service,” the outer circle to be 2§ inches in diameter, to be obtained from the Stores Department, St. John’s Gate. Indoor Dress.

Clerks.— Overall of grey cotton material, regulation pat tern, with full length sleeves, black regulation belt. Cooks.— Grey regulation cotton dress. Grey regulation cotton overall. Regulation pattern apron, with square bib. Regulation cook’s cap. W hite regulation collars and cuffs. Dispensers.— Grey cotton coat or overall. Dispensers who are members of a V.A .D . may wear the black and white striped dress, with regulation apron, collars and cuffs, and cap, as for Commandant. Honorary members of Brigade and Association Detach ments shall wear the St. John Ambulance Association hat badge No. 14, and Association buttons, Reg. Nos. 15 and 16. Titles for shoulder straps, S.J.A.A. Members of the Brigade who are not honorary members should wear their Brigade uniform and badges, with the addition of the overalls if they desire to have them, and title S.J.A.B. and number of their district on their shoulder straps. Chauffeurs. —Regulation motor cap. The above V.A.D . uniform can be obtained from :— Messrs. Harrods, Ltd., Brompton-road, S.W. Messrs. J. Shoolbred & Co., Ltd., Tottenham Courtroad, W. Messrs. E. & R. Garrould, 150, Edgware-road, W.,

except the black mackintosh coat, which can only be obta ned from — Messrs. Hobson & Sons, 1, Lexington-street, W. Hats and Gaberdine cap can be obtained from : — Messrs. Scotts, 1, Old Bond-street, W. A pproxim ate P rices o f Uniform.

56 Summer hat, black s t r a w ............................................... W inter hat, black felt ... ... ... ... 0611 Summer coat ... ... ... ... ... 1 13 o W inter coat ... ... ... ... ... 1 5 0 Jacket and skirt, black ............................................ 2 5 6 Mackintosh ... ... ... ... ... ... o 19 o Garbardine waterproof cap ... ... ... 0 5 0 Price L is t o f Badges , B uttons , etc. To be obtained only from the Stores Department, St. John Ambulance Association, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C. B r i g a d e V.A.D. Officers.

Lady D istrict Supt. Cloak No. 3658, 3 Stars A „ „ „ Arm No. 3659, 3 Stars A Lady Corps Supt., Cloak No. 3658, 2 Stars A „ „ „ Arm No. 3659, 2 Stars A Lady Divisional Supt., Cloak No. 3658, I Star A ,, „ „ Arm No. 3659, I Star A Nursing Officer, Cloak No. 3655 ............... „ „ Arm No. 3656 W hite box cloth backs, per pair Badges of Rank Stars A , No. 36, each Black silk armlet for Arm Badge, all ranks Pin cushion badge, all ranks, No. 37 Hat badge, all ranks, No. 20 ... Buttons, all ranks, No. 13 (large), per doz. ... „ „ No. 14 (small), per doz. ...

N u r sin g Sisters.

Cloak badge No. 3521 ... Arm badge No. 3522 ... District number, single 3d. double ... Shoulder titles, S.J.A.B., 1 to 12, per p a i r .............. A ss o c ia tio n

V.A .D .

Officers.

Hat badge, all ranks, No. 1 4 ...................................... Cloak badge, Commandant, No. 42 ... „ „ all other ranks, No. 11.......................... Arm badge, Commandant, No. 38 ... „ „ Lady Superintendent, Quarter master and Pharmacist, No. 39 ... Trained Nurses’ badge, No. 40 Black silk armlet, all officers ... General Service badge, No. 43 Badges of Rank, Stars A, No. 36, each .............. Buttons, all ranks, No. 15 (large), per doz................. „ „ No. 16 (small), per doz.................

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Other Ranks.

Shoulder title, S.J.A.A., per pair.......................... o 8 Stripes for sleeves to be obtained only from :— Messrs. Hobson & Sons, 134-164, Tooley-street, London Bridge S.E. P rice List.

Commandant Medical Officer ... Q u arte rm a ste r.............................................................

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Lady S u p e r in te n d e n t....................................................... Trained Nurse ... ... ... ... ... ... Pharmacist ... ... ... ... ... ... Section L e a d e r .................................................................... R e g u la tio n s Buttons

the S upply of T itles of V o lu n ta r y D etachm ents.

r e g a r d in g and

ST.

JO H N

1 o o 0

tw o or th ree yards and la n d e d on his flat feet. It is, perhaps, id le to sp ecu la te as to w hat w ou ld h a p p en , th o u g h it is certain that so m eth in g w ou ld g iv e w ay ; m a y b e th e d am age w ou ld be lim ited to so m e o f the bo n es o f th e fo ot and ankle, but m ore p ro b a b ly th e n eck o f e ith er or bo th o f the fem urs w ou ld snap or the b a ck -b o n e w ou ld be driven th rou gh the base o f th e skull, or even th e sacru m m igh t be je rk e d from betw een th e h a u n ch b o n es an d c o n c e iv a b ly th e w hole b o d y w ou ld co llap se as a co n fu se d h eap o f debris. E x a m in e the form ation o f the u p p er lim b ; th e c o lla r bon e with its d o u b le cu rve d e sig n e d to yield a little w hen a thrust o f the hand is s u d d e n ly s to p p e d — n ot alw ays enough, it is true, as e v id e n ce d by the fre q u en t fractures g iv o f that b o n e — but still u n q u e stio n ab ly tb e b est form w h ich co u ld be a d o p te d for the part it has to p lay ; th e m o b ility o f th e sh o u ld er blade w ith its so ck e t to re ce iv e th e b a ll o f th e hum erus and form with it a jo in t a llo w in g o f m o vem en t in all d irectio n s ; the stru ctu re o f th e fore-arm w ith th e ulna firm ly hin ged to the h u m erus a n d ju s t fallin g sh o rt o f the wrist bones with a p ad o f gristle in terven in g, th e radius with m erely a p ivo t en d at th e e lb o w and an e xp a n d e d en d to sup port the wrist b o n es and han d, so that w hen th e han d is turned th e m o vem en t is m ade by th e rad iu s p assin g over the ulna (w hich ca n n o t ro tate at the e lb o w ) an d ca rry ing the han d with it. T h u s p ro visio n is m ade for all usefu l m ovem ents o f the lim b, an d th e aw k w ard sid e to sid e m o vem en t from the elb o w w h ich w ou ld result if a ball and so ck e t jo in t h ad been used th ere is a vo id e d , w h ile th e sh o ck s cau sed by th e m any uses to w hich th e lim b is put are ab so rb ed sufficien tly to p reserve it in tact in th e vast m ajority o f cases. O th er exam p les o f N a tu re ’s d e fe n siv e arm am en t c o u ld readily be given , but en o u g h has been said to show the provision m ade for th e truest and b est form o f first a id — p revention. N e x t in im p o rtan ce to p reven tio n co m e w arn in g o f im p en d in g tro u b le an d in d icatio n s o f ill results a lrea d y attained. T h e s e are kn ow n as sym ptom s, w h ich th o u g h ge n era lly un p leasan t, h ave their d efin ite uses an d th e m ore read ily th e powers o f o b servatio n and tact are b ro u gh t into p lay to d e te ct them , an d reso u rcefu ln ess, in its w idest sense, is used to rem o ve th eir ca u se an d co n se q u e n tly th em selves, th e b etter is th e co o p eratio n w ith N a tu re ’s effort. O n e is too a p t to lo o k upon pain as so m eth in g w h o lly bad, forgetting that w ithout it calam ities o f all sorts w ou ld pass u n h eed ed until dire results en su ed . W ith o u t pain a red-hot iron m ight be grasp ed an d th e h a n d b e re d u ce d to cin ders with the un fo rtu n ate p ossessor in blissfu l ign o ra n ce o f w hat was b efa llin g him , w hereas as things are, the m om ent th e iron was to u ch e d a m essage w ou ld travel alon g sen sory n erves to th e brain, c o n v e y in g n o tic e o f pain, and back alo n g m otor nerves w ou ld co m e an o rder to th e m uscles to m ove the part to u ch in g th e iron. M o re o v e r d iseases m ight d e ve lo p w ith ou t w arnin g and the p atien t w ou ld, perhaps, pay no atten tio n un til he g o t in to su ch a state that the b o d y refu sed to do its w ork an d still he w ou ld h a v e no precise in d icatio n o f w hat was the m atter. P a in , therefore, is usefu l as a w arn in g an d a lso as a g u id e to th e seat o f m isch ief, w h ile its ch a ra cter w ill often be o f m uch h elp in determ in in g the n atu re o f the d isab ility, and its re lief or in ten sificatio n w ill form a g u id e as to the co rrectn ess or o th erw ise o f th e treatm en t afforded. A k in to pain are o th er sym p to m s w h ich a ct as w arn ings o f so m eth in g w orse to follo w an d often afford the person affected an o p p o rtu n ity o f m a k in g som e p reparatio n to m eet the affliction a b o u t to b efall him . O f su ch a

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B adges, A id

T he Regulation B adges, Buttons and T itles of Voluntary Aid D etachm ents will only be supplied under the following conditions ; — (а) T o V oluntary A id D etachm ents on the written order o f the Com m andant. (б) T o an individual member on production of an authority, givin g the name of the member and a list o f the articles required, and signed by her Commandant. (c) T o tradesmen on production of an authority, ing the names o f the members and a list o f the articles required, and signed by the Com m andant of the detach ment to which they belong. (tf) In every instance the authority must be written on official stationery, and the official number of all badges and buttons quoted. Non-observance o f the above conditions will cause un necessary work and delay:

N ature By

W IL L IA M

First R.

Aider.

ED W AR D S.

I n the all im portan t in tro d u cto ry chap ter to the St. Joh n text b o o k o f first aid it is stated as a fun dam en tal p rin ciple that the first aid stu d en t m ust be resourceful, so that he may use to the best a d va n ta ge w hatever is at hand to prevent further d a m ag e and to assist N a tu re ’s efforts to repair the m isch ie f a lread y done. It will be p rofitable to co n sid er how N a tu re guards against injury and sp on tan eo u sly takes h ealin g m easures, w hich those w ho h ave to deal with em ergen cies o f a ccid e n t and illness m ust be carefu l to assist and su p p lem en t but not to com bat. O n e has only to th in k o f th e frightful injuries inflicted on each other by w ild beasts w here th e re are no veterinary surgeons to lo o k after them , a n d o f th e fact that the various species o f th ese beasts co n tin u e to exist, to realise that N ature left to h e rse lf m ust be w on d erfu lly e qu ip p ed both as a preventer and healer o f injuries. W h at is true o f the lower anim als is true also o f hum an beings, though ow ing to the artificial circu m stan ces in w hich we live and to our disregard to N a tu re ’s laws we are m ore p ron e to suffering than anim als in their natural surroundings. First let us co n sid er sh o rtly how th e fram ew ork on w hich the hum an b o d y is built serves to perform its functions and to resist w hat m ight be th e fatal results of carrying on even our e ve ry d a y avocation s. T h e strength o f th e skeleto n is that o f th e w illow , not o f the oak, and arises largely, if not entirely, from the elasticity due to th e m aterial o f the bones and the superb design, p add in g and lu b ricatio n o f the jo in ts. The thoughtless observer m ight be tem p ted to thin k that the bones and jo in ts c o u ld be better d e s ig n e d ; for exam ple, why should so m any structures be cu rved an d w hy sh ould there be so m any form s o f jo in ts ? T h e answ e has alread y been given :— the skeleto n resists by yield in g. Im ag in e that the d o u b le arch o f the foot and th e four curves o f the spinal co lu m n — at the n eck, b ack, w aist and c o c c y x — were straightened and all gristle p ad d in g was hard en ed or wanting, and th in k w ith w hat dangers the sim p le act o f w alking w ou ld be fraught. Im ag in e further that the possessor o f the altered sk eleto n ju m p e d from a heigh t o f

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ch a ra cter are th e gid d in e ss and b lu rred vision w hich so often p re ced e an a tta ck o f sy n co p e an d th e co n fu sio n o f th o u g h t w h ich is o n e o f the first results or perhaps w arn in gs o f ce re b ra l haem orrhage. A n “ o u t o f sorts feelin g ” is th e fo reru n n er o f m any form s o f d isease, an d w ithout go in g as far as to say that N a tu re n ev er fails to p rophesy ap p ro a ch in g illness, her failure, to do so is th e exce p tio n rath er than the rule. E q u a lly im p ortan t w ith p reven tion and w arning are th e efforts w h ich N a tu re m akes to rem ed y ill results after th e y h a ve co m e ab ou t, an d here again signs and sym ptom s m ust n ot be lo o k ed upon as h a vin g o n ly their bad side. A t first sigh t it is difficult to th in k that there is a n y th in g go o d to say a b o u t bleedin g. N e ve rth e less it is not so lo n g ago that vein s w ere d e lib era tely cut in o rder to get rid o f w hat was righ tly or w rongly su p p o sed to be a plethora o f blood. B le e d in g from the n ostrils is often th e plan a d o p te d by N a tu re to a ch iev e th e sam e result, and for this reason w hen su ch b lee d in g is clearly not d u e to a ccid e n t or w hen it arises from an in ju ry lik ely to cau se effusion o f b lood on th e brain o n e sh o u ld n ot be in too great a hurry to stop it, th o u g h on the o th er han d the p atient m ust not b e a llo w ed to lose so m uch b lood as to cau se him w eakn ess. VVhen a b lo o d vessel is w ou nded, the first effect o f th e esca p e o f b lo o d is to w ash aw ay from w ithin outw ards so m e part at least o f any in ju rious m atter w hich has been in tro d u ce d in to th e w ou nd by w hatever ca u sed it. W hen an artery is w ou n d ed its w alls con tract, as they are elastic, thus re d u cin g the size o f th e op en ing. In ad d itio n to the m ain arteries th ere are sm aller ones in their vicin ity, w hich, as soon as th e bore o f the w ou n ded artery has been red u ced by the co n tractio n o f its walls, begin to en large and by ca rryin g m ore than th e n orm al q u a n tity o f b lood p revio u sly a llo tted as th eir share re d u ce the pressure in the m ain artery and co n se q u e n tly the escap e o f blood. T h e next step is the form ation o f a clo t to seal th e w ound, with the d o u b le o b je c t o f p reven tin g furth er b leed in g and o f c h e c k ing the en try o f harm ful germ s. T h is brings us to a n o th tr p oin t for co n sid era tio n . W h at w ou ld be th e effect o f lea v in g w ou nds un sealed by th e blood clo t and u n p ro tected by d ressin g s? C o u n tless germ s, m any o f them harm ful, w ou ld find th eir w ay in to th e system , and w hen it is rem em b ered that the sigh t o f blo o d is n o t in frequ en tly the first in tim atio n o f a w ou nd, it w ill be realised that b leed in g has several g o o d features. O th er exam p les o f N a tu re ’s efforts to rem ed y m ishaps are the tears w hich freely flow to wash aw ay an irritating su b stan ce in the eye, th e co u g h to get rid o f o bstru ctio n s in th e w in d p ip e or throat, th e sneeze to clear the nostrils an d the vo m it to e m p ty th e stom ach , w hile even in flam m ation has its use, as is show n by th e fo llo w in g extract from R o s e & C a rle s s ’ S u rgery :— F orm erly inflammation was looked on by pathologists as alw ays o f a destructive and harmful nature, but at the present time bacteriological research has dem onstrated that it is often rather o f a protective or conservative character, being N ature’s means o f limiting the advance o f noxious m icro-organism s and o f finally elim inating them from the system. R e st h o w ever m ay fairly be said to be th e m ost efficien t o f N a tu re ’s rem edies. T h e brain and o th er n erve ce n tre s relax their a ctiv ity, with a co rresp o n d in g red u ctio n in th e w ork o f the variou s organs co n tro lled by them ; the b o d y in stin ctiv e ly assum es a p o sitio n o f e a s e ; th e m uscles b e co m e relax ed ; the repair o f tissues e xceed s their w astage, w h ile sleep, th e m anifestation o f th e best form o f rest, both m ental an d p h ysical, ensues.

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May, 1916.

T h e m ore p erfectly N a tu re ’s first aid is un d erstoo d the m ore in harm on y w ith it w ill be the efforts o f th o se anxio u s to assist. W arn in gs w ill be d u ly h e ed e d and in d icatio n s afforded w ill be traced to their origin so that app ro p riate rem edies m ay be used to e ra d icate or ch e ck th e causes from w hich the sym p to m s spring. N a tu re ’s efforts w ill n ot be thw arted by the use o f a tight co n strictin g band in stead o f a p rop erly a p p lied to u rn iq u et with the pad a ccu ra tely p laced on th e pressure point, in th e en d eavo u r to stop bleedin g. N o o b jectio n can be raised to th e tight ban d w hen part o f a lim b is cu t off and the ban d is p laced as near as p o ssib le to th e en d o f th e stum p for in such a case th ere can be no return flow o f b lo o d throu gh the veins. If, how ever, th e lim b is co m p lete the effect o f the tight band w ill p ro b a b ly be to co n strict the veins w hile allo w in g som e blo o d to pass alon g the arteries, w ith the result that b lo o d w ill a ccu m u la te in the vein s and w ill cau se a back pressure on the arteries and co n gestio n in th e part. T o assist N a tu re th e w ou n ded part will be k e p t e le va ted and a b lo o d clo t o ver a w ou nd will be studiously left alon e, and given a ch a n ce to b e co m e firm ly e stab lish ed by w ith h o ld in g stim ulan ts from th e patient. R e s t w ill be en co u rag ed by avo id in g every a ctio n or so un d lik e ly to d istu rb th e patient and by, w hat is perhaps m ore im portan t, that tactful and co m fo rtin g treatm ent w hich is evo lve d from in telligen t sym pathy.

N otes

and

N ew s.

A s we go to press reports are co m in g to han d w hich show that St. Joh n organ isations in Irelan d have been d o in g e x ce llen t work during the crisis in that coun try, and that m em bers h ave greatly distin gu ish ed th em selves. No e xa ct d etails or official reports are yet to hand, but it is kn o w n that the W ar S u p p ly D e p o t was p rom p tly co n verted in to a hospital, and by the aftern oon o f th e first d a y o f the o u tb re ak was ready to receive p atitn ts, and that two surgeon s w ere g iv in g their services. T h e p erso n n el— fem ale as w ell as m ale— was co n sta n tly u n der fire, and there was, at least, o n e fatal casu alty am on gst them , w hile others w ere w o u n d ed . F u rth er d etails w ill be p u b lish ed in our June issue. * * * In the re ce n tly revised issue o f paper 80 19 16 I I . 1 G en eral R u le s, it is p ro vid ed that “ not m ore than thirty ca n d id ates can be exam in ed at one tim e.” T h is statem en t m ay, perhaps, co n v e y a w rong im pression. It is, therefore, d esired to m ake it q u ite clear that n ot m ore than thirty can d id ates can be reckoned as one class, and co n se q u e n tly , if that n um ber is e x ce e d e d an extra fee becom es p ayable. *

* *

In order to facilita te the w ork o f card in dexin g, class secretaries are p articu larly requ ested w hen co rrectin g F orm s W .L ., w hich refer to first exam in atio n s in an y particular s u b je c t,to m ark in red ink thus / any ca n d id ate w ho has p revio u sly o b tain ed an aw ard o f th e A sso cia tio n for any o th er su bject. * * ♦ T h e C h ie f C o n sta b le, N e w S co tlan d Y a rd , gives n o tice that at the M etro p o litan P o lic e F ete, w hich is to be held at th e R o y a l B o tan ica l G ard en s on the 6th J u ly next, there w ill be a F irst A id C o m p e titio n , for w hich prizes w ill be presen ted, op en to team s sele cted from the St. Joh n A m b u la n ce A sso cia tio n an d k in d re d corp oration s w hich h ave offered vo lu n tary assistan ce to the p o lice in the event o f air raids. E a c h S o cie ty m ay o n ly be rep resen ted by o n e team in th e final rounds.

May, ,916

The

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Brigade and th e W om en’s V.A.D. C om m ittee.

W e have re ce iv e d the follow in g letter from the C h ie f C o m m issio n er, C o l. Sir Jam es C la rk :— S i r , — A s there appears to be some misapprehension, with consequent unrest, am ongst members of the St. John A m bu lance Brigade concerning its relations with the new W om en’s V .A .D . Com m ittee, I shall be glad if you will give space to a few words from me on the subject. W ith the increasing flow of sick and wounded to hospitals at home it becam e necessary to institute some central body to deal with the supply o f women helpers. A t the suggestion of the W a r Office a W om ens V .A .D . Com m ittee was formed, on which representatives of the various bodies enrolling and training personnel in the work required were appointed. T h e duties o f this Com m ittee are : — 1. T o select from am ongst those submitted to them by the heads of the various bodies those they consider suitable for the work. 2. T o keep in touch with those selected and finally appoint them to the posts where their services are required. I wish this to be clearly understood, nam ely : — 2. T h at each body, whether St. John, B .R .C .S., or other, submits to the Com m ittee the nam es of those am ongst its members who are willing and who are considered suitable for the work. 2. T h a t the Com m ittee in turn select from these those it considers suitable. 3. T h a t these when finally selected pass under the control of the Com m ittee for future disposal, and the body raising them ceases for the time to have jurisdiction over them. 1 went home to E n glan d to discuss the position of the Brigade in this matter with the D irector of the Am bulance Departm ent and the Chairm an o f the W om en’s V .A .D . Committee, with the result that the following resolution was agreed to by us, which resolution I consider efficiently protect's the interests o f the Brigade, should protection be needed : — W om en V .A .D .’s and N ursing D ivisions o f the B rigade required for work with the sick and wounded will, in the first instance, be selected and called up by the L ady Superintendent in C h ief on the request of the Chairm an of the Joint V .A .D . Committee. T h e y will be approved by the Com m ittee of selection, and those approved will then com e under the control o f the Joint W om en’s V .A .D . Com m ittee, and their papers of reference and qualifications will be kept at D evonshire House for the use o f the Committee. T h e Joint Com m ittee will assign them to the various hospitals and notify them when and where to proceed. T h ere is a m isapprehension on the part o f some mem bers of the Brigade that they are being turned over to the control of the British R ed C ross Society. T h is is not the CaSCT hose members o f the B rigade V .A .D .’s or N ursing Divisions who are selected for work with the sick and wounded by the W om ens V .A .D Com m ittee, on selection pass under its control, as stated above. T h is Com m ittee, as also already stated, is a Joint Com m ittee representative o f the O rder and of the Brigade, as well as other bodies training personnel for the work. It is therefore entirely wrong to state that those selected pass under the control of any particular body, whether St. John or British R ed Cross Society. A t their final distribution it may be the lot of some indi viduals to find them selves serving under superior officers who do not belong to their own particular organisation. T h is should not, in m y opinion, be a m atter o f grievance. It is not going to break up their particular organisation, or, as far as I can see, be even hurtful to it. On the contrary, if the indi viduals so situated accept the position loyally and do their best to help those who need their help, as I have not the least

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GAZETTE.

20 3

doubt they will do, it will add to the credit of, and respect for, and will thus strengthen, the particular body to which they bel° T h e r e is a saying, “ Save me from my friends,” which is somewhat applicable to the oresent case Individual grievan ce (real or im aginary) are put prom inently forward, and are take up and enlarged by others havin g no g r i e v a n c e o f their own but ready to swell the chorus, regardless o f the first object in view — help to the helpless— and regardless of w hether the grievan ce put forward is o f sufficient im portance to hinder that T h e B rigade will, I am sure, see this and sink all party feeling, and join loyally in givin g its service where needed, even though the conditions m ay som etim es appear irksom e. T h e highest officers o f the O rder and the whole O rder recognise the m agnificent work o f the B rigad e, and will unite in upholding it now and in the future against all encroachm ents on its right. , . , , ., It is not, I think, fully realised that it has been the privilege of the O rder o f St. John since its first co n cep tion in the beginning o f the eleventh century to give its services to the succour o f the sick and wounded in peace and in war. . . ., . A s long as the O rder exists this privilege must rem ain to it. It is its raison dHre. I have the honour to be, Sir, Y o u r obedient servant, J a m e s R. A n d r e w C l a r k . St. John A m bulance B rigade H ospital, F rance.

A V.A.D. M em bers’s Experience on th e “ M aloja.” I w a s go in g o u t to B o m b a y and e m b a rk e d at T ilb u r y in all co n fid e n ce, b u t before I had been on b o ard tw en ty-four hours th e “ M a lo ja ” was at th e b ottom o f th e sea. W h en the aw ful so u n d o f th e exp lo sio n was heard, th e steam w histle im m ed iately blew four tim es, an d this was our sign al to put on life-belts an d m ake for the boats. I was a m o n g st q u ite the m ost fortun ate o f the survivors, h a vin g been a b le to find a seat in a bo at w hich, a lth o u g h low ered w ith d iffi cu lty, one end at a tim e, did rea ch th e w ater safely. I saw a bo at clo se to m e w hich ca p sized befo re re a ch in g th e water, and a n o th er was im m ersed by a boat in the a ct o f b ein g low ered, u n der w h ich it h a d u n fo rtu n ate ly d rifted ow in g to th e sh ip ’s w ay w hich c o u ld n ot be stop p ed . T h e r e were very m any p eo p le in th e w ater, so m e h avin g ju m p ed in, and the rest b ein g throw n out o f th e boats. E v e ry o n e h ad on a life-belt, in w h ich I b e lie v e it is q u ite im p o ssib le to drow n. W h en I an d m y bo at co m p an io n s fo un d our bo at full o f w ater we w ere tak en o ff by an o th er life-boat an d th en transferred to a m in e sw eeper, w here we w ere q u ite safe an d m ost k in d ly lo o k ed after by th e m in e sw eep er’s crew. T h e sea was ve ry rou gh and th ere was a high w ind w h ich was bitterly .c o ld . T h e icy c o ld n ess o f the w ater ca u sed m any d eath s an d m u ch suffering. F rom th e m ine sw eep er we w atch e d the “ M a lo ja ” rap id ly sinking, but still th ere was o n e bo at full o f people, tw o sm all boys w ith their m other am o n gst them , restin g on th e starb o ard side o f th e ship, w h ich ow in g to the heavy list, c o u ld not be go t away. T h e d ifficu lty was so sim p ly o ve rco m e after m uch a gitatin g and w aiting, for, as th e ship san k and th e w ater rose a b o v e her, th e bo at flo ated aw ay o u t o f the davits, an d there ap p ea red to be no suction. A few seco n d s m ore and the h u ge lin er was en tirely o u t o f sight. T h e m ine sw eep er o n w hich I was, co n tin u e d to p ick up p eo p le out o f th e w ater, as d id all th e m any o th er boats aroun d, an d these all retu rn ed to D o v er. I shall n ever forget how s p le n d id ly th e R e d C ro ss

204

— F IR S T

A ID

TH E

ST.

JOHN

S o c ie ty lo o k e d after us all. W e w ere g iv en h ot d rin ks and dry clo th es, and telegram s w ere sent by th e S o cie ty to our p eo p le. T h e n in b atch es we w ere driven in m otor a m b u la n ces to th e L o rd W ard en H o te l, w here in tim e all the E u ro p e a n survivors co lle cte d . E v e ry o n e was p artly or e n tire ly dressed in clo th es, or blan kets, len t by th e R e d C ro ss and several d o cto rs o f the R .A .M .C . cam e, and were k e p t very b u sy m akin g th eir p atients co m fo rtab le. I, w ith six others as fo rtu n ate as m yself, sat dow n to a ch a m p ag n e lu n ch e o n , an d later in the even in g w e seven left D o v e r for V ic to ria . W e m an aged to be a very ch e e ifu l p arty, b u t it was difficult. I h a d lost a yo u n g fox terrier o f w h ich I was very fond, also m y trousseau an d w ed d in g presents, for I was g o ing o u t to be m arried. Still, th ere was m uch to b e th an k fu l for, and I h o p e for better lu ck on m y n ext ven ture.

Motor Am bulance D epartm ent. ( Concluded from page 1 8 4 .)

T he first in sta lm en t of this article e n d e d on a n ote o f satis factio n th at ow in g to th e gen ero sity o f one o f its m em bers, th e O rd e r o f St. Joh n sh o u ld h ave foun d its e lf d u rin g the terrific co n te st at V e rd u n in a p osition to exten d a h e lp in g h a n d to our A llie s , th e F ren ch , by sen din g to the hosp ital at A rc-en -B arro is, th e X -ray m otor a m b u la n ce p resen ted by S ir Joh n H o ld e r. It is a furth er so u rce o f gratification to learn that the app aratu s arrived safely at its d estin atio n , and has been d o in g sp le n d id w ork ever sin ce, b y n igh t as w ell as by day. F o r the p ro xim ity o f th e ho sp ital to V e rd u n has kep t its w ards full to o verflo w in g, and m any serious cases are taken

The

“ Silver

T h im b le ”

A m bulance

o u t o f th e a m b u la n ce trains at A rc-en -B arro is that co u ld n ot stan d a m ore p ro lo n g ed jo u rn e y. A m em b er o f th e staff, w ho has retu rn ed to L o n d o n after 15 m onths w ork at the ho sp ital, d e sc rib e d in vivid term s to th e w riter th e im m en se b en efit co n fe rred on m any o f th e w o u n d e d by this sp le n d id p ie ce o f app aratu s, w hich is g iv in g th e u tm o st satisfactio n to th ose a p p o in te d to w ork it. P re v io u s to its arrival, o w in g to the b rea kd o w n o f the ra d io g ra p h ic app aratu s w ith w h ich th e ho sp ital was e qu ip p ed

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

M ay, 1916.

w hen it o p en ed , cases h a d b een o b lig e d to w ait till th e arrival o f a tra ve llin g app aratu s b elo n gin g to the F re n ch m ilitary a u th o rities— w hich in vo lve d a d elay so m etim es ex ten d in g o ver w eeks. N o w th ey are exam in ed at o n ce an d the b en efit a c c ru ing to th e suffering is untold. R e fe re n c e was also m ade in th e last issue to the gifts o f the “ S ilv er T h im b le .” O u r readers w ill be p lea sed to hear that tw o m otor a m b u la n ce boats, one o f w h ich is illustrated on this page, are alread y on their w ay to M eso p o tam ia , and that a th ird has been o rd ered — all o f them the gift o f the “ S ilv er T h im b le .” A ls o that th e d isin fecto r, to w hich referen ce was likew ise m ade in our last issue, and o f w hich w e are e n a b led this m o n th to re p ro d u ce a p h o tograp h , has been a cce p te d by the W a r O ffice and is on its w ay to “ som ew here in F ra n ce .” B y th e tim e this a rticle is in print, it w ill p ro b a b ly be at w ork brin gin g h ealth and co m fort to the sorely tried units co m p o sin g th e 36th U lster D ivisio n . L e st the nam es o f th e tw o lad ies w ho are co n d u ctin g th e “ S ilv er T h im b le ” co llectio n w ith such co n sp icu o u s d e vo tio n and success, sh o u ld h ave escap ed the n o tice o f p o ssib le con tributors, w e ven tu re to rep eat that eith er L a d y M a u d W ilb rah am , 26, L o w er Sloane-street, S .W ., or M iss H o p e C la rk e, 2, C rescen t-ro ad , W im b led o n , w ill be happy to receive an y contri butic ns o f old jew ellery, or broken pieces o f go ld or silver, tow ards th e “ S ilver T h im b le F u n d .” T h e g o o d see d sown in tim es o f p ea ce by th e O rd er o f St. Joh n in our D o m in io n s and C o lo n ie s has been y ie ld ing rich returns to the M o th er C o u n try o f late, as w itness w hat has been d o n e by the C ity an d D istrict o f D u rb a n d u rin g th e last few m onths. L a st autum n an e n q u iry was re ce iv e d at St. J o h n ’s G a te as to th e cost o f a co m p lete A m b u la n c e su itab le for service at th e front. A s a result o f th e rep ly to th e en quiry a rem ittan ce o f the n ece s sary am o u n t plus sufficient to run and m aintain th e car for six m onths was forthw ith m ade to th e O rd er o f St. Joh n, in the n am e o f th e W o m en o f D u rb an and D istrict. T h is sum , am o u n t ing to ^ 6 5 0 , was han d ed o ver u n der th e term s o f the jo in t w orkin g agreem en t, to th e m otor a m b u la n ce dep artm en t at 83, P a ll M all. T h e result o f this c o n trib u tio n was to add to the fleet o f m otor a m b u la n ces at the a isp o sal o f th e C o m m itte e a four s tre tch er a m b u la n ce on a B u ick chassis, co n fo rm in g in every way with the requirem en ts o f the m ilitary au th o rities an d sp ecia lly d e d ic a te d to the m em o ry o f M iss C a v e ll. T h is sp len d id gift was su b Launch. se q u e n tly su p p le m e n ted by a further re m ittan ce o f ^ 4 0 4 . 9s. 3d B u t th e patriotism and the gen ero sity o f th e D u rb an d istrict was not lim ited to th e fair sex. T h e O rd er o f St. J o h n has in D u rb a n a very arden t and en e rge tic rep re sen tativ e in D r. A . M urray-G ray. T h is gen tlem an su g g e sted , by a letter to th e lo cal press, th at th e farm ers in N a ta l w o u ld p ro b a b ly be w illin g to h elp the great cause. T h e id ea was w arm ly esp oused , and an ap p eal by th e H o n . J o se p h B a y n e s m et w ith im m ed iate and co rd ial respon se, an d rem ittan ces from the farm ers o f N a ta l to th e m o to r

May,

iq 16

— F IR S T

A ID

TH E

ST.

am b u la n ce dep artm en t at Sc. J o h n ’s G a te have been rece ive d to the am o u n t o f no less than ,£ 2,20 0 , and there is reason to an ticip ate that this w ill shortly be augm en ted by further con tributions. It is esp e cially w orthy o f n ote that alth ou gh this gift com es from the N a ta l farm ers, it was acco m p a n ied b y a n otificatio n that co n trib u tio n s h ad been received from all classes in th e agricu ltu ral districts, in clu d in g B oers and natives. N or sh o u ld we o m it to add that the H o n . Joseph

JO H N

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

205

for w hich a “ j o b ” was p ro m p tly fo u n d at th e S e a m a n ’s H o s p ita l at G reen w ich . C o n sid eratio n s o f sp ace fo rb id us to p ro lo n g the fo re g o in g statem en t o f the a ctiv ities o f th e M o to r A m b u la n c e D ep artm en t at St. J o h n ’s G a te d u rin g the last few m on th s. In su b seq u en t n um bers we sh all, no d o u b t, return to the su bject. F o r th e m o m en t we w ill c o n c lu d e b y p u ttin g on reco rd th e gratefu l th an k s o f the O rd e r to th e m an y co n trib u to rs w ho h ave e n a b le th e w ork to b e ca rried on, a n d to the w orkers, w ith ou t w h o se efforts su ccess co u ld n o t be attain ed .

Pair o f “ T h r e s h ” D isinfectors mounted on Foden Steam W agon. Presented to the St. John A m bulance A ssociation by the “ Silver T him ble.”

U n fo rtu n a te ly , th e m o m en t has n ot arrived , n or to th e o rd in a ry in te lle ct is it in sight, w hen th e sign al can go forth that their efforts can b e su sp en d ed . T h e n ee d for help still exists, an d co n trib u tio n s to th e T ra n s p o rt o f W o u n d e d Fund are still grea tly n eed ed . L ib e ra l as h ave been th e gifts, th e e xp en ses h a v e b e en so h e a v y as to ca u se to th o se resp o n sib le som e a n x iety as to how th e w ork is to be co n tin u e d if th e war is p ro lo n ged . E a ch a m b u la n ce in vo lve s co n sta n t exp en d itu re, an d th o u g h m an y o f them h ave been, so to sp eak, en d o w ed for a certain p eriod , there are still m ore that h a ve b e en pre s e rv e d w ith ou t a n y p ro visio n for m a in ten a n ce, th e co st o f w hich th erefo re d e v o lv e s upon th e T ra n s port o f W o u n d e d F u n d .

B ayn es h im self h ead ed the list o f con tributions by a gift sufficien tly large to d efray the entire cost o f o n e a m b u la n ce car. The co n trib u tio n s received from our C o lo n ies an d D o m in io n s and from In d ia have been so co n stan t and so gen ero u s that there is perhaps a ten d e n cy to o verlo o k th eir im port. B u t surely n o th in g c o u ld m ore fu lly d e m o n strate the a p p reciatio n o f th e benefits o f livin g un der the shelter o f the U n io n J a ck than these sp on tan eou s an d co stly gifts to w h ich not only the B ritish born, but also the n ative and the B o er p op u latio n s h a ve co n trib u ted . N o r are the sym path ies o f our supporters lim ited to those parts o f th e m ap co lo u re d pink. W h o am on gst our readers has ever heard o f “ T h e T o m m y A tk in s C l u b ” in N ew Y o r k ? B u t “ T h e T o m m y A tk in s C l u b ” o f N ew Y o r k has h eard o f St. J o h n ’s, and, q u ite un asked, has co n trib u ted a co m p lete F o rd A m bulance C a r, w hich is now on its w ay to A d en . C o m in g n earer h o m e we h ave to record the gift o f a F o rd A m b u la n ce C a r from the peop le o f C o n is b o r o ’, w ho h a ve earn ed the A m bulance presented to the O rder o f St. John by the people o f heartfelt gratitu d e o f the C o m m a n d a n t o f the Conisborough, and stationed at Northvvood V .A .D . H ospital. N o rth w o o d V .A .D . H o sp ita l, by en ablin g the O rd er to su p p ly her w ith a m u ch n ee d ed m eans o f c o n F u rth er gifts of cars are also req u ired , as req u ests are ve yan ce for her p atients, as show n in th e a cco m p a n y in g c o n sta n tly b e in g re ce iv e d for fresh a m b u la n ce s, n ot o n ly on photograph. th e C o n tin e n t but also in E n g la n d , w h ere th e d ifficu lty o f A n o th e r e xtrem ely in terestin g gift o f an a m b u la n ce ge ttin g p atients m o ved is gro w in g to b e a very real one, was that o f the e m p lo yes o f M essrs. L e n ch and C o ., of m any o f th o se w ho h a ve h ith erto h e lp e d b y len d in g tourin g O ld h a m (b o lt and rivet m akers). E v e ry single em ploye, cars h a vin g now given them up a lto g eth er, an d th e hospitals man, w om an and ch ild , co n trib u ted tow ards this a m bu lan ce, are thus d ep rived o f their va lu a b le assistan ce.

— FIR ST

206

M ay, 1916.

h ig h ly o f the va lu a b le w ork this co n v o y is

B revities. K in lo c h -C o o k e drew th e atten tio n o f th e F irst L o r d o f the d isab ilities affectin g th e sick berth

and that th e cars h ave h a d so m e w on d erfu l escapes.

said, h a d arisen ow in g to the ca llin g up o f m en o f th e St.

d rivers h ave been hit.

reply,

D r.

had

M a cn a m a ra

p u d ia te d th e su gg estio n s m ade, and stated that th e ca llin g up o f th e a u x ilia ry sick berth sta ff (St. J oh n A m b u la n ce B rig a d e) d u rin g th e p eriod o f h o stilities c o u ld not p o ssib ly affect the

gen eral

rate

o f p ro m o tio n

am ong

the

a ctiv e

p an ies h a ve d e c id e d to susp en d th eir a m b u la n ce co m p eti tions this year, ow in g to so m any a m b u la n ce m en b ein g aw ay on war duties.

*** T h e H u n g a ria n R e d C ro ss has sent a m essage to the

will b e re m e m b ered th at the

railw ay cen tres

th ey

e xp erien ce d in

a m b u la n ce

w ork

win

laurels in co m p etitio n , and thus h ave their in terest stim u lated.

v < yW e p u b lish in this issue a m ost in terestin g article by

^ as to rp ed o ed

variou s

w ou ld afford an o p p o rtu n ity for th o se a m b u la n ce m en less

R u ssia n R e d C ro ss exp ressin g d e ep co n cern and sym p ath y at th e loss o f th e R u ssia n h o sp ital ship “ P o rtu g a l.”

W e th in k that if a few co m p etitio n s

w ere h eld th ro u gh o u t th e p roficien t and

service staff.

S o far n on e o f th e

* * * W e un derstan d that th e m ajority o f th e railw ay co m

Joh n A m b u la n c e B rig a d e, and su gg este d that p rom otion am o n g sick b erth stew ards o f m an y y ears stan d in g

O ne

d e ad in a n o th er car, w hilst o n e m an sittin g by the driver o f

staff o f th e N a v y rega rd in g pay and p ro m o tio n , w h ich , he

retarded .

o f th e cars w en t o ver an e m b a n k m e n t; one m an was shot a car was w ou n d ed a seco n d tim e.

th e re b y been

doin g.

states th e c o n v o y is w o rk in g u n d er sh e ll fire all th e tim e,

I n th e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s on th e 19 th A p ril, Sir C . A d m ira lty to a lle g e d

A ID . —

M r. W . R . E d w ard s on “ N a tu re as a F irst A id e r .”

N a tu re

by a G erm a n su b m a rin e w hen she was ly in g at an crjp r in

is o n e o f th e asp ects o f treatm ent w hich th e great m ajority

d a y lig h t.

o f a m b u la n ce w orkers o v e rlo o k , an d by a carefu l study o f

She

was

p lain ly

em b lem s o f a h o sp ital ship. lost.

m arked

with

all

the

usuL 1

O ve r a h u n d red lives were

T h e H u n g a ria n m essage says

th at th e d eed m ust

this article th e y w ill realise w hat an im p ortan t part it plays in their treatm ent.

W e h o p e to h ave som e m ore o f M r.

h ave b een th e result o f a “ grievous m isun derstan d’ * ^ -"

E d w a rd s’ articles in the “ St. Joh n A m b u la n ce G a z e t t e ”

T h e word's do n o t e xclu d e the u rooaoU ity t'nat the H u n

at an early date.

garians, w ho h ave show n several o th er signs besides this

O n e o f th e P u llm a n cars used b y the

m essage o f retain in g th eir lik in g for d e cen cy , th in k that “ grievo u s m is u n d e r s ta n d in g s ” on th e part o f their G erm an

Cross, F irst A id D iv isio n , in givin g

allies are d e p lo rab ly co m m o n .

strations

T h e in d ep en d e n t a ct o f the

first aid

H u n g a ria n R e d C ro ss is in itself a cu rio u s p ro o f o f d e

out th e U n ite d

tach m en t from G erm an y.

*** S o m e w h ile ago a su ggestio n was throw n out

railw ay

and d e m o n

and a ccid e n t p reven tio n

States was

a ccid e n t

A m erica n R e d

lectu res

near

d estro yed b y G reen w o o d ,

fire

th rou gh follow in g

M iss., on

M arch

7th, D r. M . J. S h ield s, staff surgeon, b ein g in ch arge ; his by the

assistant, D r. R . H . C raw fo rd , and the n e g ro p orter barely

A sh to n -u n d e r-L y n e T ra d e s C o u n c il that th e lo ca l bran ch

e sca p ed w ith their lives.

o f th e S .J .A .A . sh o u ld affix in every m ill and

in the b u rn in g car and h ad to ch o p their w ay

w orkshop

T h e s e th ree m en w ere trap p ed out.

D r.

lists o f a m b u la n ce m en w o rk in g th ere : in fact, th e su gg es

C raw fo rd and th e porter w ere slig h tly in ju red, but th ey had

tion was th at “ th ere sh o u ld be a list on e ve ry la n d in g .”

a veteran first aid er in D r. S h ie ld s to lo o k to their w elfare.

T h e id e a was at o n ce grasp ed as a go o d one, as it w ou ld be

T h e car and all equ ip m en t w ere a d ead loss.

in v a lu a b le in cases o f a ccid e n t for e n su rin g sp ee d y first aid.

C e n tra l R a ilro a d p ro m p tly co ve re d th e loss o f the p erson al

T h is was in a m easure a d o p te d in th e A sh to n

effects o f th e, p erso n n el a b o a rd the car, b u t th e R e d C ro ss

M ills, with

T h e Illin o is

b en eficia l r e s u lts ; b u t it n ow appears to be a d e ad letter,

is d ep rived o f its n ew est and b est d em o n stra tion ca r— a

and it is no u n co m m o n th in g in ca se o f a c c id e n t for all in

co n trib u tio n from the P u llm an C o m p a n y . *- *

the d e p a rtm en t to b e ign o ra n t o f th e p erso n a lity or w here ab ou ts in th e m ill o f a first aid

m an.

ca u sed

and th e

th e

freq u en t

ch an ges

T h is

has

d ep artu re

so m any S t. J o h n m en in co n n e ctio n w ith the war.

The

form er system was a sp len d id one, an d is w orth y o f revival and o f gen era l ad o p tio n .

It is w orthy o f the serious co n

sid eratio n o f every b ra n ch A sso cia tio n

o f th e St.

J oh n

A m b u la n c e

d esp ite th e d ifficu lties a tte n d in g the system

du rin g the year. C a p ta in

D a n ie ll,

*** the D ire cto r

been

T h e C e n tra l W o rk R o o m s, 48, G rosven or-square, W ., u n der th e J o in t C o m m itte e o f th e O rd er o f St. Joh n and th e

B ritish

R ed

C ro ss, h ave a few v a ca n cie s for g o o d

w orkers an d ba n d a ge m akers.

L a d ie s w illin g to offer their

services w ou ld b e a sk e d to g iv e 5 h a lf days or 2^ w hole days

w eekly.

M e m b e rs ’

A m b u la n c e A ss o c ia tio n w ho

friends w ou ld

of en ter

the as

St.

Joh n

St.

Joh n

w orkers are req u ested to a p p ly p erso n ally, or by letter, in of

T ra n s p o rt

th e first in stan ce, to L a d y J e k y ll (or th e S ecretary, M iss

F ra n ce, has rep o rted to th e J oin t W ar C o m m itte e on the

L aw ), at St. John W areh o u se, 56, St. John-square, C le rk e n

w ork o f the a m b u la n ce c o n v o y in th e v icin ity o f V erd u n ,

well, E .C .

u n der the co m m a n d o f C o lo n e l B arry.

co n trib u tio n .

H e sp eaks m ost

T h e re is a registration fee o f 5s., but no w ee k ly

M ay,

1916

- F I R S T

The By

Typhoid

Fly.

J. H E N T O N F .R .C .S . (E d in .j.

Corps Su rgeo n

W H IT E

M D

The house-fly (M u sc a d o m estica) is regard ed by the m ajority of p eo p le m erely as a som ew hat harm less but u n av o id ab le a cco m p a n im en t o f th e w arm er m onths. T h a t this in sect is re sp o n sib le an n ually for the deaths o f th ousands o f o ur infants in p e a c e tim e, and in war has been th e agen t in p aralysin g arm ies in th e field, is only too true, a lth o u gh this k n o w le d ge has o n ly been acq u ired d u r in g the last few years.

In order to co m p reh en d th e circu m stan ces in w hich in fectio n is sp read by the fly, the habits o f the in sect m ust be carefu lly studied , esp e cially as regards its m eth ods of feed in g an d breeding. Stages of

T h e re

are

four stages

D evelopment.

the

d evelop m en t

the

fly (а) E gg s are d e p o sited by the fem ale through a tube situated at the h in d er end o f th e ab d o m en , and called the ovipositor. B y its a gen cy the eggs are in serted at som e little d istan ce ben eath the surface o f som e substan ce chosen by her as lik ely to afford su itab le warm th and nutri m ent for th e grubs, or larvae, w hen they em erge from the eggs. F erm en tin g stab le m anure is the m ost favourable m edium , but hum an excreta, rotting vegetab le refuse, m eat or sputum , or, in deed, an y o rg an ic scraps will serve. The eggs are laid in b atch es o f from one to two hundred, three or four tim es d u rin g the b reed in g season (June to O ctob er). (б) In eigh t to tw enty-four hours (or longer in cold w eather) th e larva or gru b em erges from the egg. A t first a tw elfth o f an in ch long it rap id ly grows, fee d in g greed ily on the o rg an ic m aterial in its n eigh b o u rh o od . T h is stage occu p ies from five days to as lo n g as eigh t weeks, w hen the gru b grow s to a len gth o f half-an inch, and is fam iliar as the “ g e n tle ” o f the fresh-w ater fisherm an. T h e fully grown grub craw ls tow ards th e surface o f the m anure heap, its cream y-w h ite skin ch a n ges to a reddish-brow n co lo u r and form s th e o u ter co ve rin g o f a cylin d rica l pupa. (c) T h e P u p al, or ch rysalis stage, lasts from four days to as lo n g as four w eeks. N o feed in g and no external chan ge takes place, but a p rofoun d ch a n ge o ccu rs w ithin the outer shell, so that at the term ination o f this period the lid is p u sh ed o ff th e anterior en d o f the shell and the fly craw ls forth. (d) T h e p erfect insect, or Im ago, is full gro w n — no fly ever grows. W h en it em erges from th e pupa it possesses a curious g lo b u la r sw ellin g in fron t c f the head, betw een th e eyes, w hich can be e xten d ed or deflated at will. By altern ately exp a n d in g and c o n tra c tin g this sw elling, or P tilin u m as it is ca lled , th e fly reach es th e surface o f the m anure heap, unfurls and dries the wings and sallies forth to join his con freres in the air. M odes of I n fec tio n

F lies.

I f d u rin g th e larval stage th e gru b has fed on organ ic m aterial w hich co n tain s d isease germ s, these w ill be p resent in th e a lim en tary can al o f th e a d u lt fly, and m ay be vo id e d on any hum an fo od on to w hich the in sect m ay settle. 3 T h e b o d y o f the fly is co ve re d by n um erous hairs sp rin gin g from th e surfaces o f th e a b d o m en , legs, & c .; to

A I D .

207

th ese hairs germ s c lin g an d are thus tra n sferred from o n e su bstan ce on to w h ich a fly alig h ts to a n o th er. It is n ecessa ry to b riefly stu d y th e a n a to m y o f the alim en tary can al o f th e fly in o rd e r to u n d e rsta n d th e th ird an d m ost p o ten t m eth o d o f in fe ctio n by this u b iq u ito u s pest. T h e m outh o f the fly is fo rm ed so th a t liq u id s o n ly can b e su ck ed u p ; th ese pass in to th e g u lle t a n d th e n ce in to a bag situated in the a b d o m en an d k n o w n as th e crop. H e re the food rem ains un til re q u ired for co n su m p tio n , w h en ce it passes onin to th e fo re sto m a ch an d th e n c e in to thg stom ach . W h en th e fly aligh ts on a n y so lid or glu tin o u s fo o d , the fluid co n ten ts of the crop, to g e th er w ith saliva, are re g u r gitated on to the food , e.g., sugar. S o lu tio n tak es p lace, and the regu rgitated fluid is o n c e m ore im b ib e d an d return ed to the crop. A fly m ay thus fre q u en t a la trin e used by soldiers suffering from ty p h o id fev er or ch o lera , fill its crop w ith liq u id excreta, a lig h t on sugar or jam , e je ct the faecal co n ten ts o f its cro p on to th e fo o d in o rd er to d isso lve som e and then su ck it up again , le a v in g the food co n tam in ated by ty p h o id or ch o le ra germ s. I t has been ca lcu la te d th at a “ c l e a n ” fly ca n carry from 21,000 to 100,000 germ s, w hereas a “ d irty ” o n e m ay co n vey as m any as 500,000,000. F lie s fre q u en tly vo m it the co n ten ts o f their crop s and, b e in g d istu rb e d , fly aw ay w hen th e e je cte d m atter m ay be im b ib e d by o th er flies w ho thus th em selves b e co m e in fected . T h e ligh t co lo u re d flym arks w hich are so n u m ero u s in the sum m er m onths on m irrors, glass g lo b e s an d sim ilar surfaces, are d ried vo m it m arks, w hereas the m ore o p a q u e darker m arkings are th e d ried excreta o f th e flies. E v e n c o ld co u n tries are by no m eans im m u n e from these pests as th e fo llo w in g e xtra ct from F ra s e r’s “ T h e R e a l S ib e r ia ” in d ic a t e s :— “ K h a b e ro v s k . The statio n itself was all bu stle an d n oise. H e re was c o n sta n t teadrin k in g and the d ip p in g o f lo n g rolls in to th e tea and e atin g them in a slo p p y state. T h e s e rolls are s p rin k led with little seeds that m ake th e fo od lo o k as th o u g h it was fly-blow n. In d e ed , as every m irror and c a n d le s tic k and p ictu re in S ib eria is sp e ck le d by in d u strio u s flies I h ave an id ea that the seed is sp rin k ed on th e ca kes to d e c e iv e the eater w ho ca n n o t tell by eye sigh t w h eth er th e sp ots are seeds or flym arks.” T h e ran ge o f fligh t o f the fly is n ot exten sive : in th e o p en it seld o m e x ce e d s 1000 yards, and this is m uch d im in ish ed in cities w here houses o b stru ct flight. O ve r water, how ever, w here th e in sects ca n n o t settle a radius o f th ree m iles from the p o in t o f origin m ay be co vered . T h e feet o f flies h a ve b een show n to be in fectio u s for as lo n g as forty-eight hours after p o llu tio n . It is b elieved that in fan tile diarrhoea germ s are la rgely sp read b y flies and it is n o te w o rth y th at the d eath -rate from this d is ease is in direct p ro p o rtio n to th e n u m b er o f flies p resent. T h u s an in fe cted fly craw lin g o ver th e teat o f the b a b y ’s b o ttle m ay ren d er n u ga to ry ca refu l w ashin g o f bo ttles an d the sterilization o f th e m ilk. O w in g to th e p ro tectio n o f the so ld iers by in o cu latio n against ty p h o id in th e p resen t war, this d isea se has n ot assu m ed great p ro p o rtio n s in F ra n ce. In th e S o u th A frica n W ar, how ever, 30 per cen t, o f th e d eath s w ere due to this disease. B e sid e s ty p h o id an d diarrhoea, ch o le ra an d tetanus, an d an e y e d isease very p reva len t in E g y p t, an d c a lled “ O p h th a lm ia ,” are co n v e y e d by flies. T h e in sects th em selves seem im m u n e from a tta c k by germ s ca u sin g hu m an d isease. T u b e r c u lo u s sp utum , o f w h ich flies are very fond, seem to ca u se diarrhoea, but this m erely in creases th e d a n g er as th e germ s traverse th e a lim en ta ry ca n a l o f th e fly so q u ic k ly that th ey rem ain

2o8

— F I R S T

u n o ig e ste d a n d m ay in fe ct m ilk or o th er fo o d w h ich th e fly m ay p o llu te. P r even tio n .

T h e o n ly p ra ctica b le m e th o d o f w arfare again st flies co n sists in th e elim in a tio n o f th eir breed in g p laces. S ta b le m an u re sh o u ld b e burnt or sp rin k led o ver at least o n ce a w eek w ith a m ixtu re o f paraffin an d soft soap to k ill th e larvae. B r ic k sta b le floors m ay be rep laced by c o n crete as the sp aces betw een the b ricks w h ich form favourite b re ed in g p laces are th e re b y a b o lish ed . R a b b it-h u tch e s an d pig-styes are also d an gero u s as also are latrine trenches. T h e s e ca n n o t b e a vo id e d , but sh o u ld be d u g d e e p ly an d a g o c d 6 or 8 in ch es o f earth sp rin k led d aily over th e excreta in o rd er to co v e r th e larvoe so d e ep ly th at th ey can n o t craw l to th e su rface in tim e to p up ate. T h e fly is a th irsty soul, and resem b les certain sp ecim en s o f h u m an ity in exh ib itin g a fierce d esire for a m orn in g drink. T h is p ro cliv ity is tak en ad va n ta ge o f in o rder to free bake-h o u ses an d lik e co n fin ed sp aces o f these in se cts— a sau cer o f w eak form alin so lu tion is exp o sed overn igh t, at the sam e tim e o th er liq u id s are co ve re d up. A t daw n large n um bers o f flies are k ille d after d rin kin g the liq u id w h ich has th e a d va n ta g e o f b ein g n on -poison ous to the h ig h er anim als. A few drops o f c a rb o lic a cid vo la tilize d on a red-hot sh o ve l is also e ffe ctiv e a gain st flies.

AID. —

M ay, 1916

C harles W . Corley, C hecker, O akengates. Y eo va l D . W akem an, Num ber-taker, Round Oak. W illiam W illiam s, Y a rd Forem an, W ellington (Salop). Charles W . H yett, Signalm an, Coates. T om H ayward, E n gin em an, Oxford. G eorge Beynon, Signalm an, Sw ansea, High-street. G eorge A . B easley, Forem an, Paddington. H enry H arper, Station M aster, A renig. E rn est W a kely, Enginem an, Bristol (St. Philip’s Marsh). Sam uel W . M errick, Inspector, Birm ingham . A lfred E van s, Carpenter, T regaron. A lfred C. Hooper, Shop Clerk, Swindon. Benjam in T em lett, C artage Checker, Bridgwater. John E. Jones, Shipper, Liverpool. W e h ave p leasure in givin g p h o tograp h s o f th e gold, silver and bron ze m edallion ists. T h e ca se o f first aid, in respect o f w h ich the prem ier aw ard was grants, was one in w h ich a co n tracto r’s w orkm an fell from a 27 ft. lad d er at L a n d o re and sustain ed co n cu ssio n resu ltin g in semi-

5lailwan Jlmbutance. M r . J. L e g g .

G .W .R .— T h e fo llo w in g a ctiv e m em bers o f the G reat W e ste rn R a ilw a y C e n tre o f the St. J oh n A m b u la n ce A ss o cia tio n h a ve rece n tly b een sele cted as H o n o ra ry S e rv in g B ro th ers o f th e O rd e r o f St. Joh n in respect of ex ce p tio n a l services ren d ered to the A m b u la n c e M o ve m e n t o f th e R a ilw a y o ver a lo n g p eriod o f y e a r s :— John C o n n e lly , W illia m E . C o n n e lly , and W illiam P h illip s, L o c o m o tiv e D e p artm en t, B r is t o l; W illia m H . D a n iell, G o o d s D e p artm en t, G lo u ce s te r ; H e n r y D avies, L o c o m o tiv e D ep artm en t, B irk e n h e a d ; J oh n Stratford, G o o d s D e p a rt m ent, B risto l. D r. J. T . W a lla ce , B risto l, has b een aw ard ed the “ V e llu m V o te o f T h a n k s ” o f the O rder, in reco gn ition o f gratu ito u s services for a n u m b er o f years as lectu rer to the G .W .R .. A m b u la n c e C la sses at B risto l. T h r e e m em bers o f th e G .W .R . S ta ff at N e w to n A b b o t, w ho are also m em bers o f th e St. Joh n A m b u la n ce B rig ad e, h a ve rece n tly been m ade th e recip ien ts o f the L o n g S erv ice an d E fficien cy M e d a l. Sergt. W id d ic o m b e , S ergt W o o d , an d S e rg t. W o tten re ce ive d th e aw ards at the han d s o f D e p u ty C o m m issio n e r D r. R H . G rim b ly . A s is w ell kn ow n , the G re a t W estern R a ilw a y C o m p a n y a n n u a lly gran t a n u m b er o f m edal and certificate aw ards to m em b ers of th eir staff in resp ect o f e x ce p tio n a lly efficient first aid ren d ered . T h e recip ien ts o f th e aw ards in respect o f th e y ear 19 1 5 h a ve la te ly been a n n o u n ced , and are as follow s :— G old M edal and

C er tificate.

John L e g g , R oadm an, Landore. Silve r M e d a l a n d

C e r tifica te.

Jam es R. M artin, D istrict Inspector, W ellington (Salop). B ronze M ed al an d C ertificate.

W illiam G. Bevan, Passen ger Guard, Cardiff. C er tificates.

F rederick J. W ya tt, Forem an, Salisbury. W illiam G. W ooders, Shunter, Penzance. D an iel G. Jones, E xam iner, Southall. T h o m as W righ t, G oods G uard, Southall.

(W inner o f G old M edal.

M r . J. R. M a r t i n . (W inner o f Silver M edal.) By courtesy ]

M r. W . Bevan. (W inner o f Bronze M edal.) [G .W . R a ilw ay Magazine.

in sen sibility, cu ts upon the fa ce and d islo catio n o f tw o fingers o f the right han d. T h e treatm ent affo rd ed in th is distressin g case was so p ro m p tly and efficien tly app lied that th e S u rgeo n w ho su b seq u en tly re ce iv e d th e case in H o s p ita l d e scrib ed it as “ w orthy o f every p raise.” T w o a d d itio n a l ho sp ital trains h a ve re ce n tly been co n stru cted at th e G .W .R , C o m p a n y ’s S w in d o n W o rk s, o n e o f w h ich was on view at P a d d in gto n , B irm in gh am , Sh rew sbu ry, O x fo rd and R e a d in g and th e o th er at Cardiff, B risto l, W esto n -Sup er-M are, E x ete r an d P lym o u th . A s in th e ca se o f p revious trains co n stru cted by th e C o m p a n y , a ch a rg e o f is . per head was m ad e for adm ission , an d as a result ch a rita b le funds in co n n e ctio n w ith th e war were b en efited to a co n sid era b le extent. T h e trains both re p resen ted th e last w ord in “ hosp itals on w h eels,” each co n sistin g o f 16 co ach es, w ith a total len gth o f 960 feet, w eigh in g a p p ro x im a tely 440 tons, an d b ein g rep lete with o p eratin g theatre, p h a rm a cy car, in fectio u s cars, and all the m odern requ irem en ts for the co m fo rt o f our so ld iers b ro k en in th e wars.

May, 1916

— FIRST

Dublin C orps

Riots.

S u pe r in te n d e n t K ill e d

H olden

W h ilst on

Stodart

D uty.

I t is w ith extrem e regret we h ave to record the death o f C o rp s Supt. H o ld e n Sto d art, w ho was killed on the after noon o f W ed n esd a y, A p ril 26th, 19 16 , in D u b lin , during the Sin n F ein R isin g. D u rin g that day and the previous two days, M r. Sto d art d isp layed the utm ost gallan try, organ ising a m b u la n ce stations and co llectin g w ounded. H e was in th e a ct o f crossin g a wall, w ith tw o other

209

AID —

19 10 . H e was raised to the im p o rtan t p o sitio n o f S u p e rin te n d en t o f St. J a m e s’s G a te D iv isio n on O c to b e r 1 st, 19 14 , was m ad e C o rp s A m b u la n c e O fficer o f th e C o u n ty D u b lin C o rp s in D e cem b er, 19 1 5 , an d e arly this year was en tru sted w ith the im p o rtan t p o sitio n o f C o rp s S u p erin ten d en t o f th e C o u n ty D u b lin C o rp s. H e d e v o te d h im self during th ese years to th e w ork o f th e B r ig a d e with a d egree o f zeal, tact and a b ility b e yo n d all praise. He was a go o d organ iser and a very lo y a l co llea gu e. A t the o u tb reak o f the w ar he to o k a fo rem o st part in recru itm en t for the S ic k B e rth an d H o m e H o sp ita ls R e serve s, and en d e av o u re d to jo in th e Im p e ria l F o rce s h im se lf on tw o or th ree o cca sio n s, but p riv ate affairs p reven ted this. H e leaves a wife and ch ild , an d w ill be lo n g m ourn ed by his co llea gu es and friends in th e Irish D istrict.

H ints for By

H ospital Orderlies.

CORBET

FLETCH ER.

B .A ., M .B ., B .C., C a n ta b , M .R .C .S . A uthor o f “ A id s to F ir s t A i d " “ A id s to Hom e N u r s in g " and “ W hy and W herefore in F r s t A id ." ( C o n tin u ed from page IQ J .) C h a p t e r I I .— D e f i n i t i o n , O u j e c t s a n d P r i n c i p l e s D u ties. I.

D E F IN IT IO N

OF H O S P IT A L D U T IE S .

ORDERLY

W e h a ve seen that the origin al w ork o f an O rd e rly was “ to carry m essa ges,” an d that he now p ossesses a d e fin ite sphere o f w ork cither in th e T ra n s p o rt o f p atien ts by a m b u lan ce car, train an d ship, or in th e H o sp ita ls, w h ere th e treatm ent n ecessa ry for reco very is ca rried out. F o r this reason he m ust tak e an a ctiv e part in the o b je cts o f th e A rm y C o rp s, viz. :—

1 st, T h e P r e v e n t i o n o f D i s e a s e , and 2nd, T h e C a r e a n d T r e a t m e n t o f t h e S i c k a n d W ounded.

T he

late

C orps

S u pt. Sto dart.

m em bers o f the district, w hen he was struck by a bu llet and in stan tly k illed . A t a m eeting o f th e D istrict S ta ff and C o rp s O fficers held at H ead q u arters, on M ay 9th, th e follow in g resolution was passed :— “ T h e D istrict and C o rp s O fficers desire to offer their sincere sym p ath y to the fam ily o f their late com rade, C orps Su p erin ten d en t H o ld e n Stodart, w ho so g a llan tly fell in the d isch a rg e o f his d u ties on th e 26th A p ril, 19 16 , in D u b lin , d u rin g th e S in n F ein R isin g. “ T h e y also d esire to express their d eep sense o f the loss w hich has been su stain ed by th e B rig ad e gen erally, and them selves person ally, by th e death o f so o ld and d e vo ted a m em ber w hose exam p le w ill lo n g stan d forth in the history o f th e D istrict.” C o rp s Supt. S to d a rt was o n e o f th e o ld est m em bers o f the district, h avin g jo in e d the St. J a m e s’s G a te D ivisio n as a private on M a rch 1 8th, 1904. T h e sam e year he jo in e d the S ick B erth R e serve . H e was p ro m o ted T h ird O fficer on J u ly 23rd, 1910 , and S e c o n d O fficer on O c to b e r 2nd,

T h e p rop er p erfo rm an ce o f th ese o b je cts is p a rtic u larly pressing in H o sp ita l, an d in vo lve s re sp o n sib ilitie s for the in d ivid u a l Patient n o less than for th e Officers, Sisters and Orderlies. M o reo ver, i f we see k to a p p o rtio n am o n gst the latter th eir resp e ctive shares o f th ese d u ties, th en we realise that strict and exact obedience to orders falls to the lot o f th e H o sp ita l O rd e rly w ho is h eld re sp o n sib le for th e C a re and C le a n lin e ss o f the P a tien t and th e W ard . A s we shall see, this Obedience is the outward evidence o f the D is cipline w hich is so essen tial to th e sm o o th an d e ffe ctiv e w orkin g o f an y im p o rtan t in stitu tio n , su ch as a H o s p ita l— w hether M ilitary or C iv ilian . II.

O B JE C TS

An O rd e rly

OF H O S P IT A L D U T IE S .

m u s t be P A T

ORDERLY

in h i s O b e d i e n c e .

U n d e r these circu m stan ces th e O b je c ts o f O rd e rly D u tie s are th reefo ld , and e ve ry O rd e rly m ust bear in m ind his d u ties tow ards his Officers, his Patients , an d his Ward. T h e a p p re cia tio n o f this fact will go far tow ards the a tta in m ent o f E fficien cy , which constitutes the power to carry out the results intended an d w hich is at all tim es th e aim and o b je c t o f his office. In o th er w ords, E fficie n cy is the p ra ctica l a p p lica tio n

2t 1

— F I R S T

o f th e P rin c ip le s in v o lv e d , and th e O b je c ts o f O rd e rly D u tie s are to — P. P r o m o t e th e re co v e ry o f the Patient b y all m eans in th e O rd e rly ’s power, m ore esp e cially by carefu l co n sid eratio n o f his cleanliness, comfort and convenience. A. A t t e n d to th e requ irem en ts o f th e Ward (an d its e qu ip m en t), e sp e cia lly th e cleanliness, w arm ing' and ventilation— for all o f w hich th e O rd e rly is h eld respon sible. T . T r a n s a c t the o rd ers o f all his Officers on every o c c a sion promptly , cheerfully an d accurately, esp e cially th o se o f th e Sister and N .C O . in ch arge, un der w h o se im m ed iate in stru ctio n s th e O rd e rly m ust act. III.

P R IN C IP L E S

OF H O S P IT A L D U T IE S .

A H o s p i t a l O r d e r l y m u s t be T R U E

A I D (3)

E X P E R I E N C E is o b tain ed only by P ra ctice , and assists an O rd e rly to realise th e im p o rtan ce o f—

S k i l l in p erfo rm an ce o f duties, e.g., w ard-cleaning, b ed-m akin g, diet-serving, etc., etc. S k ill is the cor rect application o f knowledge, and d ep en d s on pre cise atten tio n to details. A ll m an ip u latio n s (fe ed ing an d n ursin g) m ust be carried out w ith a m irim um o f pain and d isco m fo rt to patient. E x a c t n e s s in all v e .b a l and w ritten reports. E xact

ness is the demonstration o f the powers o f Observation,

ORDERLY R.

T O S E R V IC E .

I f an O rd e rly w ou ld attain E fficien cy in the p erfo rm a n ce o f his d u ties, then he m ust estab lish certain defin ite P rin cip les, by clo se a tten tio n to w hich he m ay hop e to a cco m p lish th e o b je cts o f his office. F urth er, if he has en jo y e d a p relim in ary stu d y o f First A id and H o m e-N u rsin g,

which combination may be said to cover the essential points of Hospital Orderly Duties , then he will rem em ber that the P rin c ip le s o f th ese su b jects are based on th ree prim ary fa cto rs— K n o w l e d g e , C o m m o n s e n s e and E x p e r i e n c e . T h e s e sam e factors again co n tro l the situation , and m ust be a p p lied u n der all the varyin g circu m stan ces o f d a ily service ; but to them a fourth facto r m ust be a d d ed — viz., D i s c i p l i n e — the im p o rtan ce o f w h ich in the m a n a gem en t o f a H o sp ita l has a lread y been em ph asised. (1 )

K N O W L E D G E is a cq u ire d by S tu d y and m akes an O rd e rly —

T r u s t e d by P a tie n t and all his O fficers. T ru st dt" p en d s on an e xa ct Obedience to orders, w h ich we re co g n ise as th e first d u ty o f the O rd erly, and in the a b se n ce o f w hich the p atien t’s reco very m ay be d e la yed and e ven im p erilled. R e s o u r c e f u l in p erfo rm an ce o f d u ties. Resourceful ness in carrying out orders is the seco n d duty, and w ill p rove or d isp ro ve the skill o f th e O rd e rly in h a n d lin g patients ren d ered cap ricio u s and irritable by suffering and w eakness. U n t i r i n g in his efforts for his patient's welfare and comfort. S e rv ice m ust be free and w illin g— both w ith regard to th e nursing and also to the personal requirements o f th e patient, for the latter o f w hich th e O rd e rly is p ecu lia rly resp o n sib le. E n c o u r a g i n g and sy m p a th e tic tow ards his patient. T h e m ental a sp ect o f th e T re a tm e n t o f D ise ase m ust n o t n ot be o v e rlo o k e d ; an d a ch eerfu l look, a hop eful word, or a co m p a ssio n a te touch m ay facilita te a p atien t’s reco very.

(2)

C O M M O N S E N S E is m akes an O rd e rly —

T actfu l

relation

th e to

gift

his

P ro v id e n c e

P a tien ts and

and

Officers-

Tact is the art o f saying and doing the right thing at the right moment. It in vo lve s th e pow er o f co n tro llin g p atients, an d is essen tial to an O rd e rly ’s d u ty o f p reservin g order in his W ard . O . O b s e r v a n t in n otin g im m e d iate ly any ch a n g e o f sy m p to m s. Observation is the habit of seeing and noting, an d requires th e use o f all th e senses. Any ch a n g e o f sym p to m s, however slight, m ust be re p o rted at o n ce. T h e m ore p recise the pow ers o f o b serva tio n , the greater is the valu e o f th e O rd e rly ’s service.

May, 1916

—

and is a sure gu id e to th e in te llig e n ce and c o n scien tio u sn ess o f the O rderly. It presupposes n eatness, e fficie n cy and a ccu racy in the details o f his work. R e s t for the p atient and th e part. R e st and sleep, so essential to health, are urgently requ ired in sickn ess and reco very from injuries. T h ro u g h th ese N atu re is ab le to m aintain th e proper w orkin g o f th e V ita l F u n ctio n s and to facilitate any n ecessary repairs o f the body. V e n t i l a t i o n o f th e W ard, for w hich he is resp o n sible. W ith o u t a free su p ply o f fresh air and o xygen , the p atien t’s V ita l F u n ctio n s (already seri o u sly h a n d icap p ed by sickn ess) can n o t perform their duties efficiently. I n f e c t i o n , w hich m ay be sp read by Patient, Nurse and Orderly, e sp e cially in In fectio u s Illn ess. A ll are requ ired to carry out carefu lly th e R u le s o f D is in fectio n , but if th e patient is very ill, then his share o f th e resp o n sib ility falls to the O rd erly. C l e a n l i n e s s , w hich ap p lies e q u ally to the P a t i e n t and his A t t e n d a n t s — their persons and their clothes; an d to the W a r d — its air, food and equipment.

Cleanliness is the essence o f health and o f recovery from illness and is in d isp en sa b le to th e Preven tion

(4)

o f D isease. T h e O rd e rly is d e ta iled to m aintain the R u le s o f C lean lin ess. E q u i p m e n t o f the W ard , w hich m ust be kep t clean and in g o o d order. In the a b se n ce o f th e Sister, the O rd erly m ay be also req u ired to a ccep t resp o n sib ility for the p erson al equ ip m en t o f the patient. D I S C I P L I N E is su b jec tio n to con trol. It is the o u tco m e o f E x p e rie n c e and m akes an O rd e rly ap p re ci ate th e true sign ifican ce o f—

O b e d i e n c e , w ith ou t w h ich order ca n n o t be m ain tain ed in th e W ard . O b e d ie n ce in vo lves the p recise— neither more nor less— p erfo rm an ce o f all duties, w hich, o n ce exp lain ed , m ust never require re-explanation. P u n c t u a l i t y in k eep in g tim e and in p erform ing duties. In th e a b se n ce o f this, the rou tin e w ork o f the W a rd (w hich has been sy stem atica lly ap p o rtio n ed ) w ill be disturbed.

(To be continued.) T h e M ix e d C o m m issio n o f the R e d C ro ss So cieties m et at S to ck h o lm on M a y 2nd, th e G o vern m en ts co n ce rn ed h a vin g given their co n sen t and all difficulties havin g been o verco m e. T h e C o m m issio n , w h o se aim it is to in sp ect war prison ers’ cam p s in R u ssia, G erm a n y , and A u stria -H u n g a ry , w ill co n sist o f th ree d elega tes o f the R u ssia n R e d C ro ss and o n e d e lega te each from th e G e r m an, A u stro -H u n ga ria n , D u tc h , D an ish , and Sw iss R e d C ro ss S o cieties.

W h en c o rre sp o n d in g w ith A d v e rtis e rs p le ase m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id .”

—

M ay, 1916.

F I R S T

A I D .

—

HUMPHREYS’ MOBILE PANEL BUILDINGS.

T e le p h o n e No

6 447 K e n s in g to n . 3 L in e s .

T e le g r a m s : “ H u m p h r e y s , K n lg h ts h r id g e , L o n d o n ,”

A u stralian H osp ital ( 1,000 B eds) on H u m p h reys’ Section al B uilding System .

The Best System of Building’s for the N avy and Army. Convenient for Transport—being in interchangeable parts. Simple in Construction and easily erected by ordinary labour. Visitors to “ The E xh ibition” now being held at K n igh tsb rid ge can see a Section of one of our Mobile Hospitals and Soldiers’ Huts. Immediate Delivery from Stock.

HUMPHREYS LTD., KNICHTSBRIDGE,

LONDON,

S.W.

212

—

Queries and Jlnswers Correspondents.

F I R S T

A I D .

—

M ay,

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— I •— Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope “ Query,’’ and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2.— A ll Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. S- — Queries are invited on First-Aid, Home-Nursing and HomeHygienc as these are of general interest. These w ill be answered in F i r s t A i d i f space permits. 4.— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered bypost.

stood by “ D ilute A m m onia,” and by “ D ilute V in egar.” T h e former in reference to stings and bites of insects, and the latter in reference to lim e in the eye. For lime in the eye the vin egar is diluted with six parts o f water. F o r stings of insects, See., the sam e dilution (1 in 7) o f strong am m onia will prove satisfactory. In other words, the addition of six parts o f water in each case can be accepted in explanation o f the term “ D ilute.” For Corrosive Burns more concentrated lotions are neces sary and the wound m ay be m opped— when due to A lkali, with solution o f V in egar (1 in 2 ); when due to A cid, with solution of A m m onia (1 in 4).— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . “ A d e l a i d e . ” — I should be much obliged if you could kindly inform me why the sm all arm sling is applied differently in each o f cases mentioned on pages 53 and 156 o f the St. John A m bulance T ex t Book.

FIRST-AID

[IODEXI

A BLAND & PA IN LESS

(V s c jo a y v u J )

A sep tic.

— IODINE D R E S S I N G . —

A n tise p tic .

IO D E X has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u r g e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u r g e o n s , R ed C ro s s S u r g e o n s , C r o ix R o u g e F r a n c a is e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls ,

1’ . J. C .— K in dly inform me through your Journal what is under

F r e n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e r o u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t . J o h n A m b u la n c e .

I O D E X is a F irst-A id D ressin g o f great m erit— pain less and b la n d It p ro m o tes rap id h ealin g a n d is id eal in sep tic w ounds, tears, abrasion s, bruises, burns, scalds, in flam ed feet, etc. I O D E X is non-staining, n o n irritating Free Io d in e o f great p en etrative pow er. It is a p ow er ful a b so rb en t and a n tisep tic, and ra p id ly red u ces in flam m ation .

IODEX is sold in 1o z. Pots, Price 1/3. I O D E X has benefitted thefollowing and numerous other conditions: E n la r g e d G la n d s . G o itr e . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s itis , S y n o v itis , S c ia tic a , N e u r itis , G o u t, R h e u m a to id A r th r itis , H y d r o c e le . P a r a s itic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o r m , C h ilb la in s , A c n e , B o ils , M u m p s , S p r a in s , AN D A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S .

L ite ra tu re

a p p lic a tio n t o 3 9, F a r r i n g d o n R o a d , LONDON, E.C .

Menley & James, Ltd.,

T h e difference in diagram s probably arises from the fact that the application o f the sling is described reversely on page 1 5 6 . T h ere is, however, no reason for this variation, and the student will be wise to follow the method laid down on page 39 and figured on page 53, whereby the weight o f the arm is car

F IR S T

ried by the sound shoulder.— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

B y J. M. Carvell, M .R .C .S ., L .S .A ., Lond.

M. L. (H arrow) ask’ :— “ H ow would one treat severe com pound fracture of fem ur? Should leg be strightened ?” T h is Q uery was fully dealt with in issues o f N ovem ber and D ecem ber last, to which M. L. can refer. Briefly, correct treatm ent requires first, that hmmorrhage be controlled, secondly that fracture be fixed as firm ly as is possible under the circumstances, and lastly that patient be rem oved in recum bent position. Extension of limb is abso lutely forbidden, because in such a case the dangers of aggravation o f injury are urgent.— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

HORLICK’S M ALTED

MILK

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S I N G . C o n ta in s a ll th e fo o d v a lu e o f p u r e fu ll-c re a m m ilk e n ric h e d a n d m o d ifie d w ith t h e s o lu b le n u tr itiv e e x tr a c ts o f c h o ic e m a lte d c e re a ls . T h e r a t i o o f p r o te in to c a r b o h y d r a te a n d its p e rf e c t d ig e s tib ility c o m m e n d th is fo o d a s a r e lia b le re c o n s tru c tiv e w h ic h m a y b e g iv e n f re e ly in s e p tic c o n d itio n s a n d s u rg ic a l c a se s.

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

1916.

R E Q U R IE 8 N O C O O K IN G .

L ib er a l Sam ples J o r tr ia l w ill be sent to the Profession P o st Free on application.

H o r l i c k ’s M a l t e d M ilk Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

R eview s.

* *

FEW

W O RD S.

London : John Bale Sons & D anielsson, Ltd.

Price 2d. In the 12 pages, which com pose this card, D r. Carvell has em bodied the prim ary information on first aid treatment in a clear and explicit manner, and as a pocket companion it should prove useful. T h ere are three anatom ical diagram s — one of the body show ing bones and arteries, with pressure points ; another the vicera, with names of organs; and, third, a sectional diagram o f the heart. W e cannot see the use o f the two latter in a pam phlet o f this kind, as it only deals with first aid treat ment and not anatom y. C O M P E N D IU M

A ID

A ID S

HOME

N U R S IN G .

B y N. Corbet Fletcher, B .A ., M .B ., B .C .C an tab., M .R .C .S. London : John Bale Sons & D anielsson, Ltd.

Price 6d.

$ $ t

D r. Fletcher’s compendiums in the form o f memories have proved very popular, and “ A id s to H om e N ursing,” like its predecessor, “ Aids to First A id,” has now run into a 2nd edition. T o concentrate a know ledge of the text books, Dr. F letch er’s “ A id s” should be of much service, for they are co m plete and concise.

m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id ”

W h e n c o rre sp o n d in g w ith

A d v e r tis e r s p le a se

M ay, 1916.

—

FIRST

A I D . —

Mutual satisfaction-that is what we aim at I. you are a nurse we know that you will be satisfied with every part of your outfit purchased from our Nurses Equipment section, and we will be satisfied because we know that our service will be appre ciated. Professional or voluntary nurses can be supplied, at a moment’ s notice if necessary, with every sing e article of out fit in true accord with the requirements ot the particular Hospital or Nursing Home to which they will be attached. We have studied Nurses’ Uniforms and Oulfits for years, and are thus able to give attention to detail such as no other house can equal; the complete equipment or the smallest accessory receives equal attention, and Nurses who have been supplied by us speak in glowing terms of our organisa tion and of the r. liability and durability of the goods that we supply.

Hall’s Wine and Overstrain

M ake a personal ca ll or w rite or 'phone f o r catalogue.

Hospital & General Contracts Co., Ltd. ( N u r s e s ’ E q u i p m e n t S e c t i o n ) , ( D e p t . 6). in N a v y .

S to c k e d in le n g th s S4!n ” 2 3 / 6

A ll-W o o l S e rg e .. W est o f E n g la n d S e rg e

34/6

19-35, MORTIMER S T., W. 'P h o n e: M U S E U M 3>40-. Ao-ents fo r the tuell-kno^vn Benduble Shoes.

3 6 /6

Uniforms and Equipment. “ H I R S T A I D ” may mean, I “ for the time bein g,” but the uniforms and equipm ent made by the H ouse of H azel for First A id and all other M edical Corps are guaranteed to give lasting wear and true British ser vice. A nd, rem em ber, a H azel guarantee is the guarantee o f a firm with 100 years reputation. T o ask us for a quotation for Officers’ or R an k and File R e quirem ents will com m it you to nothing— but it w ill show you what we can do.

16,N I L E S T R E E T , C I T Y R O A D , L O N D O N , N., a n d 4, P R I N C E S S T R E E T , HANOVER

SQ.,

LONDON,

— F I R S T

M ay, tq t6 .

A I D . —

THE

ST. JO H N

AMBULANCE H.M . T H E

H.M, Q U E E N

KIN G

ALEXANDRA

BRIGADE. H ATTERS TO H /M .T H E f^T N G

M essrs. SCOTTS have been appointed to supply th e Su m m er and W inter H ats to th e m em bers of th e S t. John A m bulance Brigade and St. John V oluntary Aid D etach m en ts. Officers’ Felt and S tr a w Hats h a v e gre y band w ith w h ite edging. M em bers’ Felt and S t r a w Hats have black band w ith w h ite edging.

P ric e 6 d . e x tra for P o sta ge.

5 6.

A l s o in a s u p e r i o r q u a l i t y , 10 /6 .

Hat B ad ge No. 20 is worn in front by Brigade Members, and Hat B a d ge No. 14 by Territorial Branch Members.

P ric e -

1/3 each •

BR ITISH

RED

B a n d s S e p a r a t e , 1/6 e a c h .

CROSS

S O C IE TY .

A ll The Sum m er S t r a w Hats quite re ad y — no w aitin g. Badges can be supplied by Return Post in an y quan tity, 1/- each.

S C O T T S , Ltd., 1, O L D BOND ST., LO N D O N , W. W A R

E M E R G E N C Y w ill

w ell

B R IG A D E S

c o n s u lt

EATON for AMBULANCE STORES. OTHER

N o. 3 5 F IR S T A ID

CASE

IS TH E M O S T S U IT A B L E FO R TH E O F F I C E R ’S HAVERSACK.

P r i c e - 4 2 s . Soz. S a m p le , p e r P o s t ,

3 s . l id . S i z e 7 ! in. x 3J in. x

POCKET

O U TF ITS : 6 d .

Post

1 /-

8d. i /3

1/6

1/10

2 /-

2/4

are of the same

High

Standard of value. in.

H a m p e r s H a v e r s a c k s , C a b in e t s , S t r e t c h e r s , a n d a ll k i n d s of A m b u l a n c e E quip m ent. S p e c ia l T e r m s to Officers a n o t h e r m u l t i p l ^ B u y e r s , w h o a r e in v ite d to send

rl. O. E A TO N ,

r?S?h,338, Dewsbury Road, L

May, 1916

— FIRST

AID.—

SPECIALIST

215

KNOWLEDGE

— Medical, Surgical, Scientific and Hygienic—

Should

Distinguish the First Aid Worker.

A n d all w ho are co n cern e d with F irst A id and A m b u la n ce W ork, W ar N ursing, H y g ie n e an d P u b lic H e a lth , O rderlies, P o licem en , San itary O fficers require

be co n tin u a lly

stu d yin g

th e

sp ecia list k n o w le d g e b e lo n g in g to

this im p ortan t dep artm en t o f the n atio n ’s life.

Get the Specialist Work that teaches. S tu d y it T h e best

R ead it

th in g is to get a soun d

R efer To It on E v e r y O cca sio n .

w ork

w ritten

H o sp ita l, M e d ica l

and

after the F irst A id classes are over, and to keep it han dy so as to be ab le to refer

S u rgica l to

E x p e rts, to stu d y it

e ve ry o cca sio n

d o u b t or difficulty. a w ork is T H E

S u ch

SCIENCE

ART

N U R S IN G ,

co m p lete in four h a n d y vo lu m es, with

sp ecialist articles on the follow in g m atters and on a th o u san d and one o th er

su b jects w h ich it is im p o rtan t that

th e F irst A id e r sh ould m ake h im se lf th o ro u gh ly m aster of.

T hese are The S u bjects You W ish to M aster, and th ese are th e su b jects T reated by Qualified Men in “ The Science and Art of Nursing. Anatomy. Physiology. Bacteriology. Elementary Pharmacy. Public Hygiene. Hygiene for Nurses. Air, Water, Soil, etc. Houses for the People. The Nursing of Phthisis. Tropical Diseases. Electrical Treatment. X'Ray Treatment. Invalid Cookery. Sickroom Recipes. Massage. Care of the Insane. Midwifery and Monthly Nursing.

THE

SCIENCE

Inflammation and Gangrene. Cerebral Concussions. Hot Packs: Fomentations. Arterial Haemorrhage. Washing out the Stomach. Cupping: Leeches. Gunshot Wounds. Enemata. Neurasthenia. Injections. Infected Wounds. Application of Heat. Leiter's Tubes. How to lay out the Dead. Cerebral Excitement after Injury. Functional Disorders.

ART

Male Nursing. Army Nursing. Queen Alexandra's Military Nursing. Royal Army Medical Corps. Heart Affections. Chest Affections. Nursing Staffs in Hospitals. Care of the Aged. Care of Children. Practical Details. Splints. Fractures. Bandages. Tourniquets. Diets and Treatments (Special). Surgical and Accident Cases. Wounds.

N U R S IN G

is su p p lied

o nce for

a m erely n om inal F irst p aym en t o f half-a-crown

favourite

“ W a verley ” term s, i.e.,

after the

first paym ent.

sm all

You p a y

m o n th ly

for the

S en d at o n ce for th e free exp lan ato ry o bligatio n w h atever to o rder the w ork.

This

only.

p aym ents

p o pu lar price, and can be a cq u ire d at be

paid

for on th e

o f th ree shillings, or even less,

books while you b o o k le t

at a

It m ay

Haemorrhage. Epileptic Fits. Fainting Fits. Common Poisons. All First Aid Treatments. Accidents and Emergencies. Burns and Scalds. How to Prepare for an Operation. After the Operation. Appliances, etc., etc. Prescriptions. Exercises. Training Schools and Nursing Institutions. Nursing in Poor Law Institutions. The Law Relating to Nurses. Medical Glossary.

w hich

co n v e n ie n t

b e gin n in g

and

th irty d ays

are using them.

w ill tell

you

all

a b o u t this

h elp fu l

w ork.

Explanatory Book is yours for the asking. N o c h a r g e a n d n o o b l i g a t i o n to O r d e r a n y t h i n g . S e n d f o r t h is little p a m p h l e t w i t h o u t d e l a y .

To th e W averley Book Co., Ltd., 7 , 8 & 9, Old B a i l e y , L o n d o n , E .C . Please send me your F R E E Booklet on “ T h e S c i e n c e a n d A r t o f N u r s i n g , ” with particulars as to your offer to deliver the complete work f o r a f i r s t p a y m e n t o f 2 S . 6d. the balance to be paid by a few small monthly payments. N A M E .............................................................................................................................................. A D D R E S S .............................................................................................................................................. F .A .G ., 1916.

................................................................................................

— FIR ST

2l6

A ids to M e m o ry f o r ‘ F irs t A id ’ S tu d e n ts . B y L . M . F r a n k C h r i s t i a n , M .B ., C .M . E d in . A u t h o r (jo in tly with. W .R .E .) o f “ P r o b le m s in F i r s t A i d ,” S t. J o h n A m b

S e v e n t h E d itio n n o w re a d y .

A sso c.

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

“ N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r f e a r h e w ill g o r u s t y if h e w ill t a k e a n o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f th e m e n ta l m ix iu r e c o n ta in e d w ith in th e c o v e rs o f th is s p le n d id b o o k . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e tt e r u t il is a ti o n o f s p a c e , a b e tt e r t r e a ti s e o n t h is s u b je c t c o u ld n o t b e w r itte n . . . th e b o o k fo r a ll, w h e th e r o ld h a n d s o r s tu d e n t s ." “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a rv o ’ o f th e g r e a t e s t v a lu e .” P r ic e : I n C lo th , 6 d . n e t— b y p o s t 7d. I n L e a th e r , 2s. n e t— b y p o s t 2s. 2d.

May, 1916.

AID. —

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects. S e co n d -h a n d a t h a lf P r ic e s . New B o o k s at Discount Prices. Catalogues free^ ^ tate wants. B o o k s sent oa approval. Book;, bought. W . & Q . F O Y L E , i2 i and i2q, C haring Cross Road, London, W .C . ___________________

TH E BOOKS

FOR LECTURERS AND STUDENTS FIRST AID.

S t o c k p o r t : C o n n h l l & B a i l b y , L t d . , “ E x p r e s s " O f f i c e , S t . P e t e r ’s S q u a r e , a n d The St. John Ambulance Association, S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , L o n d o n . ___

P r ic e 6 d . n e t.

NOTES

P ost fre e 7d.

FIRST

AID

S id n e y

SIMPLIFIED.

TH E

A Handbook in a tabulated and simplified form giving the main points ol first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student.

TH E By

HOW ARD

TR IA N G U L A R

LONDON, E.C .

HANMER’S Illustrated Ambulance Lecture. H a n m e r w ishes to thank D octors, A m bulance W orkers

and others, who have so kin dly assisted him in the organising of last season’s tours. T h eir w illing help has enabled him to visit 150 towns, and the tours have included E n glan d, Ireland and W ales. N ext season’s fixtures are now being arranged, and intend ing applicants for the L ecture should apply early, for the vacant dates are lim ited. (No. 6 D istrict Septem ber). Send three penny stamps, to cover postage, for “ N ovelty Illustrated Booklet,” and full particulars to C. H A N M E R , 205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m .

N ote. — N o charge beyond w orking cost is made for these Lectures.

PRESTO N ,

116 Illus. By

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F IR S T -A ID .

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A Compendium of Aids to Memory, invaluable to all Students. 2nd Edition. With an introduction by James Cantlie, F .R .C .S. Post free, 7 d . _ WHY

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I S .2 d . A N A TO M IC A L D IA G R A M S . Twelve in set, on Roller. Post free, 2 s . l o d . Rach Diagram

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Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicir.e, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2 S. n et; postage, 2d. Its Application shown by Words and Diagrams.

Lamb.

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ALLAN

BROM AN,

of the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute, Stockholm. Foolscap 8vo. Illustrated. Price i s . 6 d . net ; postage, 2d. JO H N BALEj SO N S & 8 3 - 91, G r e a t T lt e h fle ld

D A N I B L S S O N , L t d ., S tre e t, L o n d o n , W .

L ig h t Durable S tretch e r for Boy S couts,

12s. 6d.

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3he 3ndian JUnbulance Gazette.

B R IS T O L .

A Journal o f Am bulance W ork in In dia, B urm a a n d the E a st.

G. V *.

HELPS

(Lates Pt t

oad,

H elp s

p ^ 1U p s

& Co.), B p id g e i

M a k e r , o l A m b u la n c e W a g o n s a n d R e q u is ite s .

P O STAL READING ”

IN S TR U C TIO N In “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEM ENTARY DISPENSIN G.”

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once. .

member of S . J . A . B . writes I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such.” ( T. B. ) S p e c ia l t e r m s n o w — half fees— to members of b.J.A. B., etc. A

A n n lv fsta m D l to M r . T. E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n se rs S e c tio n o f t h e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is try a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . 1874),

1 1 2 . S t. G e o r g e ’s R o ad , S o u t h w a r k , L o n d o n .

O fficers’ R egulation G reat Coats. D ark G rey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality M en’s G reat Coats, 16s. 6d.— W rite for patterns and particulars, T hornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

T )

O R S A L E , a quantity of M en’s A m bulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 5s. I id. a pair.— T hornton and Co., 24, Com m ercial-street, Brighouse.

O R S A L E . — R e g u la tio n B ro w n L e a th e r B e lts and P o u c h e s; a lso C a p s and O v e r c o a ts ; sa m p le s on a p p ro v a l.— F o lle tt, 4, V ic to ria -a v e n u e , B is h o p s g a te , L o n d o n , E .C .

P rinted a n d

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P r ic e 2 s h i l l i n g s p e r a n n u m

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Published Quarterly. Can be obtained on application to the Editor, futogh, Simla H ills, India

NURSES.

Nurses requiring rest and change, will W A RHom e at the W est Kensington N urses

find quiet Club, 54, Perham -road, W e st Kensington ; 14s. per week inclusive ; first-class food and every com fort ; within four minutes o f two T u b e Stations and busses.— F o r all particulars apply to the M atron, who has also arranged for the sam e accom m odation at the Seaside.

“FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. M a y , 19 16 .

& C o ., L td ., 46 . Cannon St. L o n d o r, B .C ., to whom

a ll

communications should he addressed.

FIRST AID , -------

ST.

JOHN

A N D T H E --------

AMBULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

N o . 2 6 4 .— V o l .

X X II.

JU N E,

[N e w S e r ie s .]

Our

19 16 .

Readers.

GAZETTE.

DALE. [E n itr td

at Stationin' Hall.]

[2/8

P e e

A nnum ,

P o st

F r e e

than th e fact th at apart from th e M e d a llio n s a n d L a b e ls

“ First Aid ” Is published oo the 20th ol every month.

issued , n early 138,038 C e rtifica te s w ere issu ed in th e year

The Annual Subscription is 2 S. 6 d . post free ; single copies 2 d . The Editor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C. All articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot

en d in g S e p te m b er 30th, ig J S i as c o m p a re d w ith 5 7>9 7 2 *n

the Editor.

F o rc e shall be tau gh t th e p rin cip les o f F irst A id u n d er

S u b scr ip tio n s, A d v e r tis e m e n ts an d o th e r bu sin ess c o m m u n ic a tio n s c o n n e c te d w ith

19 12 and 19 1 3 .

H o w great a part first a id is d e stin e d to

p lay in m ilitary in stru ctio n is show n by th e fact th a t th e M in ister o f M ilitia in C a n a d a has issu ed in stru ctio n s th at all new troops u n d ergo in g train in g for th e E x p e d itio n a ry

arran gem en ts

m ad e

th e

C a n a d ia n

B ra n c h

th e

F i r s t A i d sh o u ld b e a d d r e s s e d to th e P u blish ers,

DALE,

R E Y N O L D S & CO., L 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t ,

A sso cia tio n .

td .,

E.C.

L on don ,

official

T h u s has first a id b e co m e an in tegral an d

part o f m ilitary

in stru ctio n

th e D o m in io n o f

C a n ad a . It is p lea sin g to reco rd th e rap id p rogress th e A s s o

E DITORIAL.

ciatio n is m akin g in our co lo n ie s, an d a referen ce m ust be T

Th e S .J .A .A .

C e n tra l

report for th e

E x e c u tiv e tw o

C o m m itte e ’s

years en d in g

the

m ade to w hat has b een a cco m p lis h e d in In d ia in c o n n e c tion

w ith

W ar W o rk .

th e

an n u al

m eetin g

th e

and

30th S ep tem b er, 1 9 1 5 , w h ich has ju st

In d ia n B ran ch , h eld at Sim la, H is E x c e lle n c y , th e V ic e r o y ,

Brigade

been p u b lish ed , is th e m ost im portan t

said that few p eo p le had realised th at on th e o u tb re a k o f

Reports.

w h ich has been issued, for it covers the

war th e A sso cia tio n w ou ld assu m e th e ro le o f a R e d C ro ss

p eriod

N early forty years o f p ion eer w ork d irected w ith a d m irab le

S o ciety. I t is in terestin g to learn that so far as th e B r ig a d e is

foresight in tim e o f p eace, th e organ isation o f the A m b u

co n cern e d , it show s

lance D e p artm en t o f the O rd er has stoo d the severest tests

w ith a total o f 5 3 ,4 2 1 , as co m p a red w ith 29,560 m em b ers in

the

war

that date.

a co n sid e ra b le in cre ase

o f war, an d has been ab le in the hour o f da n g er to m eet

1 9 1 3 -1 9 1 4 .

the urgent requirem en ts of the E m p ire, an d w ill afford

h ostilities,

legitim ate an d

m aintained after th e co n clu sio n o f th e war.

lastin g

satisfaction

th o se

w ho

h ave

w atched an d fo stered the grow th o f the great w ork w hich

o f stren gth

T h is in crease is m a in ly d u e to th e o u tb re a k o f an d we a n ticip a te th a t th is

stren g th

w ill

I n view o f the

fact that o ver 20,000 B rig a d e m en are servin g w ith H .M .

will co n stitu te in itself a fittin g rew ard for their un w earying

F o rces, th e seven ty-n in e death s w h ich are re p o rted to d ate

labours.

can n o t be co n sid e re d e x ce ssiv e, b u t it lea ves no d o u b t as

The

exp erien ce

g a in ed

p revious

cam p aign s

to th e

dan ger

w h ich

th e se

m en

are

exp o sed .

The

m onstrated to the A m b u la n ce D e p a rtm en t the n ecessity o f

B a rn o ld sw ick D iv isio n o f th e N o . 5 D is trict suffered very

being p rep ared for an y e m ergen cy at th e shortest n otice,

h eavily in th e early days o f th e war, w hen th ey lo st tw elve

and it is w ith ou t d o u b t that it has ju stifie d th e hopes o f its

o f th eir m em bers w h o w ere servin g o n th e h o sp ita l ship

organisers by th e respon se it has been ab le to m ake to th e

“ R o h illa .”

dem ands o f th e

I t is

e sp e cia lly as th e y h a d o n ly b een registered a sh o rt tim e.

satisfactory to reco rd th at th e A rm y C o u n c il has stated

T h e rep o rt deals w ith th e variou s p hases o f th e B rig ad e,

that

in clu d in g th e

w as

N a v a l and

d e e p ly

M ilitary A u th o rities.

gratified

which the S .J .A .A . h ad

th e

been ren derin g

in va lu ab le to

th e

help

M e d ica l

Services during the p resen t war.

T h is

was

heavy

b lo w

th e

e sta b lish m en t o f th e B rig a d e

D iv isio n ,

H o s p ita l

F ra n ce, w h ich is co n sid e re d o n e o f th e b est o f its kin d. T h e rep ort, w h ich is d e a lt w ith in a n o th e r p age, is a reco rd

is g ratifyin g also to n ote that d u rin g the period

w h ich a ll th e m em b ers o f th e B rig a d e ca n w ell b e p ro u d

under review is show n a great in crease in the a ctivities o f

of, and it w ill b e a testim o n y to th e v a lu a b le service s th ey

the A sso ciation .

h a ve re n d ered to th e n ation .

b etter e v id e n ce o f this is n eed ed

—

F I R S T

A I D .

June, 1916.

—

T h e L ady M aud W ilbraham , L ad y D istrict Superintend ent, was in charge o f the parade, and there was a very large attendance. D r. C arvell assisted in inspecting the bandaging. A t the close of the proceedings the L ad y Superintendent-inC h ief highly com m ended those present on the sm artness of AM BULANCE D EPA R TM EN T. their uniform and the excellence o f their work, thanking the lady superintendents for the very great assistance given by Jh e S t. Jo h n .Ambulance Srigade. them to headquarters in carryin g out instructions, and urging their m embers to volunteer for service in m ilitary hospitals. No. 1 District. It is interesting to note that in the W estm inster D ivision, which is almost the latest formed, the L ady Superintendent is D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r : the wife of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the husband W . H. W IN N Y . of the 1st N ursing O fficer is Chancellor of the O rder o f St. John. A m ong other m embers o f this division are Mrs. Lulu H arcourt, Mrs. W inston Churchill, Mrs. R aym ond Asquith J U L Y , 1916. and Mrs. Bonham Carter. Sunday D u ty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. A ll the divisions on parade can show an excellent record Sunday, 2 n d — N o. 48 D ivision, H aggerston. of work done, and the Post O ffice D ivision never fails to show g th.— N o. 22 „ H ospital Saturday Fund. the greatest keenness in all the work it undertakes, and when ” 16th.— N o. 1 „ St. John’s Gate. we realise the very busy lives o f the members, especially during „ 23rd.— N o. 37 „ G reat W estern R ailw ay. the stress o f tbe war, it is an especial cause o f gratification to 30th.— N o. 67 „ Borough o f St. Pancras. see how excellent is the work they do, and what a large number 2.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. A s per separate orders. K e y from o f them appeared on parade. St. John’s G ate, 2 p.m. No. 3 District. B R IG A D E R E G U L A T IO N S . K e t t e r i n g . — On M ay 23rd the usual w eekly drill o f the Considerable inconvenience is caused both to members of H eadquarters D ivision was followed by a social, during the D ivisions and to H eadquarters, by the failure o f Officers in course o f which the members were entertained by Dr. M aunsell C h arge o f D ivisions to m ake them selves sufficiently acquainted to a “ talk ” on personal experiences in m any parts o f the with the Brigade R egulations. Officers are reminded that the world and under varied circum stances. A most instructive R egulations should be carefully studied, especially as by doing and enjoyable evening was spent and, at the conclusion, the so a considerable am ount o f correspondence would be saved. thanks of those present was voiced by Supt. R ay, supported O fficers in C h arge o f D ivisions should see that their Brigade by Staff-Sergt. Curtis and Sergt. Groom. notepaper is in accordance with the .R egulations. Brigade correspondence should not, if it can be avoided, be conducted on V .A .D . notepaper. No. 7 District. A N N U A L RETU R N S. R o l l o f H o n o u r . — Lieutenant H arry R. Griffith, M .D ., Certain D ivisional Returns which were due last O ctober a m ember o f the staff of No. 7 D istrict, died on m ilitary service hat e not yet com e to hand. In some cases there is apparently at Press H eath Camp, W hitechurch (Salop), on 21st M ay. He no excuse for this serious delay. It causes great inconvenience had been in practice at Portm adoc and was Superintendent of at H eadquarters, and may probably prejudice the interests of the Portm adoc D ivision and afterwards D istrict Inspector of the m embers. U n less returns which m ight be sent in do not Stores o f the No. 7 D istrict. In 1915 he obtained a com m is com e to hand prom ptly it m ay be necessary to take serious sion in the R .A .M .C . T h e death o f this valued officer at the early age o f 50 is much regretted by his com rades of the notice of the omission. m edical and am bulance services. Privates H. R. E va n s and C A N D I D A T E S F O R B R IG A D E M E M B E R S H IP . W . G. H ughes, o f E ryri D ivision, and Private Geo. Overton, It has been decided by the C h ief Com m issioner that only Chirk D ivision, have also made the supreme sacrifice for their persons o f British birth can be adm itted to the B rigade ; King and country. naturalised aliens will consequently be ineligible. dt**1-**,

3fhe Sraud 3*riora of the 0rdet of the O-Cospital of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

IN S P E C T IO N O N S T . J O H N ’S D A Y . A portion of the A m bulance D ivisions o f the D istrict will be inspected at the Charterhouse Grounds on St. John’s D ay, June 24th. (See separate Orders.) T h e R igh t Hon. the E arl o f Plym outh, P .C ., C .B ., Sub Prior of the O rder, has kindly consented to distribute awards and service m edals at 5 p.m. (Signed) W . H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Com m issioner. H eadquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenw ell, E .C . On T u esd ay, June 6th, the L a d y Superintendent-in-Chief o f the St. John A m bulance B rigade, L ady Perrot, R .R .C ., accom panied b y A ctin g S ta ff Officer, M iss K atherine M ylne, inspected at the Burgess H all, Berw ick-street, Ecclestonsquare, the follow ing nursing divisions o f the Prince o f W ales Corps :— W h iteh all N ursing D ivision : T h e L ad y Superintendent, M iss E . M. Rideout, and 1st N ursing Officer, M iss A. H an sley Sm ith, were present. Post O ffice N u rsin g D iv isio n : T h e D ivision al Surgeon, D r. E . S. C ooke; the L ad y Superintendent, M iss A. M. W alker, and 4th N ursing Officer, M iss A . D. A rcher, were present. T h o rn ey Island N ursing D ivision ; T h e L a d y Superin tendent, M rs. Brooks, was present. W estm inster N u rsin g D ivision : T h e L ad y Superintend ent, M rs. R egin ald M cK enn a, and 1st N ursing Officer, L ad y Jekyll, were present.

No. 8 District. D IS T R IC T A

ORDERS. R

a id s

I am directed to state that if members o f Voluntary A id D etachm ents are called out by the P olice or other Civil A uthorities to succour the civil population in the event o f an air raid, or on any other occasion, com pensation for injury or death is not payable from the A rm y funds. A claim would arise only if the m embers of the detachm ents were acting under the orders o f a m ilitary officer and were attending to the troops. K

h a k i

e r v ic e

r e s s

n i f o r m

W ith reference to B rigade O rder 279 regarding the w ear ing o f khaki uniform, instructions have been issued by the A rm y Council necessitating the follow ing modifications being effected forthwith :— T h e w earing o f the shoulder brace o f the Sam Brow ne B elt by officers o f the B rigad e or V olun tary A id D etach m en ts who do not hold com m issions, to be discontinued ; and shoulder cords are to be substituted for shoulder straps. T h e badges o f rank are to be worn on the lapels o f the jack et above the brigade badge, which is to be placed just above the step, and care is to be exercised that these are strictly according to B rigad e Regulations. S

h n

m b u l a n c e

a z e t t e

a n d

“ F

ir s t

i d

.”

A rrangem ents have been com pleted, with the approval o f the Chapter G eneral o f the O rder, for the publication of the

June, 1916.

— F I R S T

“ St. John A m bulance G a z e tte ” as part of the monthly Journal F I R S T A i d . A rticles o f interest and notices o f events intended for publication in this Gazette, should be sent to the D eputy Com m issioner not later than the first of every month. C

o p ie s

o f

is t r ic t

n n u a l

n s p e c t io n s

D istrict S ta ff Officers are requested to arrange, without delay, for the Annual Inspection of the A m bulance and N urs ing D ivisions within their respective areas, and to report the dates fixed to the D eputy Com m issioner as soon as possible. Members of D ivisions who are on active service, or who are mobilised and on continuous duty in V oluntary A id Hospitals, are to be excused attending the Annual Inspection and Annual Re-exam ination, and will be entered accordingly on B .F . 1, in triplicate. S

h o r t

r a in i n g

f o r

e m b e r s

o s p it a t s

—

219

Report of th e A m bulance W ork done on th e O ccasion of th e Sinn Fein Riots.

r d e r s

D istrict O rders are issued to superintendents in charge o f Divisions, and further copies may be obtained on application to district headquarters if necessary. D ivisional Superintend ents are to deliver a copy of these Orders to every officer attached to the D ivision o f which they are placed in com mand, and they will be held responsible that the uniforms and badges o f rank, etc., of all the members o f their Divisions are correct, as otherwise they are liable to come within the pro visions o f the D efence of the Realm Regulations. A

A I D .

this b rie f re co rd o f th e w ork d o n e d u rin g the Sinn F ein in su rrection by th o se w o rk in g u n d e r th e S .J .A .B ., there will foun d no m en tio n , save in o n e in sta n ce, o f

T r o u g h o u t

in d ivid u a l nam es. It is felt that w here so m u ch g a lla n try an d h ero ism was d isp layed , it w ou ld be in vid io u s to sin g le o u t p articu lar in stances for m ention. T h e p ea cefu l citizen o f D u b lin w h o a w o k e from his slum bers on E a ste r M o n d a y , 19 1 6 , w ith th o u g h ts on h o lid a y bent, lo o k e d upon as fair a m o rn in g as his heart co u ld desire, for blue skies an d soft breezes w e lco m e d to sea and shore and w ind an d w eath er h ad tem p e re d th e m selves to th e spirit o f festival. E v e ry th in g s p o k e o f p ea ce

o n d o n

A rrangem ents have been made whereby members of Nursing D ivisions and V oluntary A id D etachm ents can obtain a month’s experience in certain London Hospitals. T hey can attend at the Kensington Infirm ary from 9 a.m. till 7.30 p.m. daily for a month. T h e y will pay 6s. a week, and in return will be provided with three m eals a day, but must find their own lodgings. T h e y m ay attend C haring Cross H ospital, and will pay 10s. a week and find their own lodgings, or they may be taken at this hospital for night duty from 9 p.m. to 7.30 a.m. T h e y will be provided with one meal during the night and will p ay no fee, but o f course find their own lodgings and food during the day. Also, one or two m embers m ay be placed to assist in the T heatre at C haring Cross H ospital for a month at a time. A ll com m unications with regard to this training should be addressed to L ad y Perrott, L ady Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John’s G ate, Clerkenw ell, E .C ., who will be pleased to see members in reference to the above at St. John’s G ate any Tuesday or T h u rsd ay afternoon, and at other times at D evo n shire House, Piccadilly, W . C

h a r l e s

o t t o n

Deputy Commissioner. Com m anding No. 8 (South-Eastern) D istrict, S .J.A .B .

No. 12 (Irish) District. Mrs. E lla G. A . W ebb, M .D ., L ad y D istrict Superintendent, No. 12 (Irish) D istrict, who has recently been appointed L ady of G race o f the O rder of St. John, has been a keen am bulance worker for some time, having given about fifty courses of lectures in first aid, home nursing, sanitation and hygiene since 1904. She was appointed D ivision al Surgeon to the C ity of Dublin N ursing D ivision in 1911, and L ady Corps Superinten dent o f the newly-form ed C ity o f D ublin Corps in A ugust 1914, and in O ctober o f the sam e year becam e L ady D istrict Super intendent. In addition, Dr. W eb b is an Hon. Life M em ber and Exam iner o f the St. John A m bulance Association. Sin ce August 1914, she has done an enorm ouse amount o f adm inis trative work, and it would be im possible to pay full tribute for all she has done to put the B rigade in Ireland on a sure foundation. It is hardly necessary to add that the honour conferred on her has given unqualified satisfaction to every member of the D istrict. W h e n c o rre s p o n d in g w i t h A d v e r tis e r s p le a se m ention “ F ir s t A id ”

M r s . E l l a G. A . W e b b , M .D ., L ad y D istrict Superintendent, No. 12 (Irish) D istrict. and p ro m ised a p leasan t day in w h ich o n e m igh t forget, for a short sp ace, th e great w orld war an d its a tte n d a n t horrors. H o w little th e h o lid a y m aker d rea m ed th at ere e ve n in g th ose horrors w ou ld be e n a cte d befo re his eyes, or that th e b e au tifu l m orn in g but u sh ered in a d rea d fu l day th e p relu d e to m any dread fu l days to co m e, to that w eek that has b een a p tly ca lle d “ D u b lin ’s b la ck e st w e e k .” T h e o ld city by the L iffe y has seen m an y b la ck scen es, p lague, p estilen ce, fam in e, w ar, but surely, n ev er in its ch e q u e re d history, has it w itn essed su ch scen e s m ore strange and sad den ing. O n ce , in its far o ff past, on E a ste r M o n d a y , 12 9 9, we find a stran ge p arallel, w hen th e in su rgen ts from W ic k lo w surprised an d k ille d 500 o f its citizen s w h en h o lid a y m akin g at C u lle n sw o o d , th e d a y b e in g k n o w n for m an y ce n tu ries after as “ B la c k M o n d a y .”

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T h u s in our d ay, h isto ry rep eats itself, with m ore d rea d fu l a d d ition s, and our m odern “ B la c k M o n d a y ” w ill lo n g b e re m e m b ered b y sorrow in g and stricken hearts. W h en th e first in cred u lo u s surprise h ad p assed aWay an d it b e ca m e e v id e n t that a serious in su rrectio n was in p rogress, th e first qu estio n that arose in th e m in ds o f m ost a m b u la n ce m en and w om en was, “ W h at is th e best thin g for m e to d o ? ” D ifficu lties lo o m ed la r g e ; th e tram an d train service h a d c e a s e d ; postal a n d telegrap h ic facilities no lo n ger e xisted ; th e tele p h o n e was c o n tro lled for m ilitary s e r v ic e ; all th e usual w ays an d m eans o f co m m u n ica tio n w ere cut o ff and the in d iv id u a l w ho w ish ed to h e lp was co n fro n ted w ith a situation difficult in th e extrem e. M u ch m igh t b e w ritten o f th e o b sta cle s w h ich were su rm o u n ted and o f th e dan gers th rou gh w h ich m any o f our h elp ers h a d to pass in o rder to offer their services. O n e, re p u lsed by the in su rgen ts at tw o p laces, s u cce ed e d in g e ttin g th rou gh at a th ird p l a c e ; another, d rivin g in, was tw ice fired a t ; still a n o th er w alk e d a circu it o f tw elve m iles to get th r o u g h ; w h ile in stan ces m igh t b e m u ltip lied , but sufficien t to show the en thusiasm and d esire to h elp w hich in sp ired so m any. T h e first m o ve to w ard s th e organ isation o f first aid w ork was m ade by th e late C o rp s Supt. S to d art, w ho was in tow n on E a ste r M o n d a y , an d w ho telep h o n ed the m ilitary a u th o rities offering h elp w hich, at the m om ent, w as n ot req u ired . O n T u e s d a y a M ilitary a p p lica tio n was m ade for a n u m b er o f m en to act as orderlies w ith the R .A .M .C . at P o rto b e llo M ilitary B a rra ck s and D u b lin C a s tle H o sp ita l. T h e s e m en w ere at o n ce d e ta iled and by this tim e tw o officers o f th e D istrict S ta ff h ad arrived in tow n an d were in to u ch w ith affairs, an d it was d e c id e d to start an a m b u la n ce patrol with a head qu arters in H arcou rt-street R a ilw a y Station . O n W e d n esd a y, 26th, a n u m b er o f officers and m en rep o rted to th e D e p u ty C o m m issio n e r at th e d ep o t, 5 1, D aw son -street, to g e th er w ith som e m em bers o f th e p u b lic p o ssessin g “ F irst A id ” certificates w ho w ere anxious to assist, an d as h elp was w an ted at variou s m ilitary hospitals, d ressin g stations, etc., all w ere soon a llo tted w ork. P rev io u sly , it h a d b een arran ged that certain m em bers s h o u ld rep ort at th e C ity o f D u b lin H o sp ita l, B aggot-street, w here th e a u th o rities h a d k in d ly arran ged that a room s h o u ld be p la ce d at th e disp osal o f the B rig ad e, an d as e ven ts tu rn ed out h elp was b a d ly n ee d ed in this d irectio n , as th e S h e rw o o d F o resters w ere a m b u sh ed in N orthu m berland-road w hilst co m in g into th e city, an d a fierce fight to o k p la ce in this d istrict, the m ilitary lo sin g 160 k ille d an d w ou n d ed . H e r e th e B rig a d e sustain ed the loss o f one o f its m ost zealou s and co n scie n tio u s officers, C o rp s Supt. H o ld e n Sto d art, w ho was sh ot w hilst p ro ce ed in g w ith a stretch er party to the re lie f o f a w ou n d ed soldier. H is h e ro ic d eath and n o b le exa m p le m ust ever b e rem em bered a m o n g st th o se w ho serve u n der th at o ld O rd er w hose m otto is “ P ro u tilitate h o m in u m .” T h e a ssistan ce given in this area b y our m em bers is show n in th e fo llo w in g extracts from letters re ce iv e d from th e M a tro n o f th e C ity o f D u b lin H o s p ita l an d th e officer in ch a rg e o f th e troops. D ear

D r. L um sden,

T h e D irectors I know are sending you a resolution o f thanks for all the help you gave us during the past sad weeks, but 1 feel I should like to add my own thanks. I don’t know what we should have done without your men. T h e y were most w illing and helpful in every way, both day and night, and 1 am sure the patients were most grateful for the care and gentleness with which they were

June, 19 16 .

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handled. I am sorry to have been so long in writing, but am sure you will understand the reason. B elieve me, yours very truly, (S ign ed)

E. A. E d d iso n .

T h e C o m m a n d er o f th e 17 8 th (S h erw o o d F oresters) B rig a d e w rote to th e D e p u ty C o m m issio n er after this fight, as follow s :— I write on beh alf o f m yseh and the Brigade which I com m and to express our gratitude and appreciation o f the work done by the St. John A m bulance Brigade during and after the action in Northum berland-road on A pril 28th. T h e y cam e up regardless o f risk and carried away our wounded to hospital. T h ere were other associations who also assisted, and I am unable to discrim inate between them, but all behaved most gallantly and have since tended our wounded with the greatest care and attention. O ur casualties were heavy, amounting to over 160 killed and wounded on that day. W ill you please accept my most grateful thanks for yourself . . . and all your staff. T h e casualties from this sectio n o f the figh tin g area bein g so h eavy, an d the hospitals, p articularly Sir P a trick D u n s an d C ity o f D u b lin , b e co m in g so cro w d e d w ith our patients, it was d e cid e d to estab lish a u xiliary hospitals, and th e W ar H o sp ita l S u p p ly D e p o t, 40, M errion -square, from its p ro x im ity to th e scen e o f a ctio n an d its gen eral su itab le ness for such a purpose, was ch o sen to start w ith. By a fortun ate circu m stan ce th ere was a large sto ck o f dressings, b an d ages, etc., in th e d ep o t at th e tim e, o ver 200 bales b ein g read y for desp atch , in a d d ition to th e usual stock. M a n y o f th e city hosp itals h a d alm ost run out o f dressing m aterials, and as th ere was no m eans o f gettin g supplies, part o f th e sto ck in th e W .H .S .D . was sen t to th e various hospitals. U p o n d e cid in g to start 40, M errion -square as a hospital, an ap p eal was m ade to th e residen ts o f th e n eigh b o u rh o o d for beds, b e d d in g , fo o d supplies, etc., and in the e x tra o rd in a rily ’sh o rt tim e o f th ree hours all was read y for the recep tio n o f patients, and a m edical, nursing and o rd erly staff a p p o in te d for day and n ight. A t 2 p.m . th e first o f th e nurses was co m in g in, an d at 5 p.m . an am pu tatio n was go in g on in the im p rovised o p eratin g theatre, and ab ou t h a lf o f the 3 ° beds w hich w ere rigged up in the w ards w ere full. A s this w ork en tailed the ca rryin g in b y h a n d o f all m attresses, beds, bedding, an d utensils from n eigh b o u rin g houses, and the clearin g aw ay o f large h e av y w ork tables, w ith w h ich th e room s were o rig in a lly filled, it is a p erfo rm an ce on w h ich the V .A .D .’s. h ave every righ t to be p roud. T h is was d o n e in th e face o f co n sta n t danger, as all rou n d the v icin ity o f M errionsquare sh o o tin g was go in g on from e ve ry d irectio n , and all th o se b rin gin g in m aterial w ere exp o sed to grav e risks. T h e ho sp ital was e q u ip p e d for ab ou t 40 beds, but th ese w ere n ever all used, for w e sent th e m ilder cases on to th e n um erous au xiliary hospitals, w h ich w ere p repared b y o th er division s. O f the cases, o n ly o n e died, an old m an o f e ig h ty — the others all reco vered , a lth o u gh th ey in c lu d e d tw o very serious lu n g cases, tw o am pu tation s, as w ell as m any m inor op erations. T h e can teen an d th e w h o le o f th e k itch e n staff w ere m ost efficient, and there alw ays seem ed a p len tifu l su p p ly o f p articu larly n ice fo o d for bo th patients an d th e staff at a tim e w hen p rovision s o f a n y sort w ere m ost d ifficu lt to obtain. F o llo w in g this q u ic k ly cam e th e e sta b lish m en t o f o ther overflow hospitals, the B .R .C .S . F itzw illiam , H ig h S ch o o l, H a rco u rt, L itto n H a ll, L e e so n P ark, 1 1 , B u sh y Park-road, m akin g in all a to ta l o f 250 beds.

(To be concluded).

Jnne, 1916.

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AM BULANCE

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221

THE ST. JOHN A M B U LAN CE GAZETTE. R em iniscences of Early Am bulance W ork in India. By

COLONEL I n d ia n

M e d ic a l

H ENDLEY, S e r v ic e

C .I .E .,

V .D .,

(R e t ir e d ).

I n a paper o f m in e on the exten sio n o f a m b u la n ce w ork in India, w h ich was read at th e G en eral A sse m b ly at St. J oh n ’s G a te on June 25th, 1883, by th e late Sir V . B arrington K e n n e tt, D e p u ty C h airm an o f the A sso cia tio n , referen ce was m ade to th e extraord in ary n eed in the great D e p e n d e n cy for a w ide-spread system o f first aid, n ot only in cases o f a ccid en t, but o f disease. A s that paper has lo n g been out o f print rather full referen ce to its co n ten ts w ill n ot be o u t o f place. I wrote that in In d ia , o u tsid e th e large tow ns surgical aid w as rarely ava ilab le d irectly an a ccid en t o ccu rred , an d that som etim es m any hours, and even days, elap sed before it co u ld be o b tain ed . M o reo ver, in cases o f sunstroke, sn a ke bite, in juries from w ild beasts or poison ing, and in such diseases as ch o le ra or p lague unless im m ed iate treatm ent was a va ilab le there was little or no h o p e for th e sufferer. T h e n um ber o f q u a lified surgeons and physician s, both E uropean and In d ia n , though large, was quite in ad eq u ate to the n eeds o f th e vast p opu lation , and for Z en a n a (i.e. purdah) w om en th ere was at that tim e p ractically no pro fessional help at all. T h e re was, how ever, a large class o f hospital assistants and lo cal n ative d octors, besides co m pounders and vaccin ators, w ho co u ld ren der assistance, but even the p rovision o f first aid, throu gh the latter, was totally inadequate. T h e re w ere also m any other person s w ho, I thought, co u ld be m ade q u ite co m p ete n t to a ct if th ey re ceived such in stru ctio n as was given in th e a m b u la n ce classes o f th e A sso cia tio n o f St. J oh n o f Jerusalem . In a d d ition to th ese th ere w ere the in digenous practitioners o f m e d icin e — baids and koberajas an d o f surgery— hakim s and jh a r a s , w ho if ju d icio u s ly m anaged m ight be m ade useful, w ith the aid o f vern acu lar m anuals w hich w ere care fu lly prepared for th e purpose. I urged, how ever, that m ost go o d w ou ld be effected by teach in g volunteers, railw ay servants, planters, sportsm en and the officials in th e F o rest, C u sto m s, R e v e n u e , T e le g ra p h and sim ilar departm en ts, but m ore esp e cially p o lice co n stables who served in every part o f the E m p ire and w ere hab itu ally the first to be co n su lted in, or to hear o f cases o f injury, and sudden disease, or a ccid en ts o f all kinds. It had long been re co gn ised th at sp ecial in struction in sanitation an d in th e p rin cip les o f P u b lic H e a lth and Preven tion o f D ise a se as w ell as in th e em ergen t treatm ent o f acu te disorders and a ccid en t, was requ ired at least for m em bers o f the p u b lic services w ho w ere statio n ed in rem ote places, and attem p ts had been m ade to m eet the difficulty by the p reparation o f sim p le m anuals o f in struction. Dr. W a rin g’s “ B azaar M e d icin e s ” was a private p u b licatio n o f this kin d, but th e m ost ge n era lly useful w ork, and the most popular, was th e official Vaae Mecum or F am ily M e d icin e o f th e late S u rge o n -G e n e ra l Sir W illia m M oore. I o bserved in m y pap er that I had little h o p e that the

in d igen o u s p ro fessio n al e le m e n t o f m y tim e w o u ld be o f m uch use, but w ith th e sp read o f e d u c a tio n a n d the d im in ution o f p re ju d ice, co u p le d w ith th e d rea d o f loss o f p ra ctice and in flu en ce, it is p ro b a b le th a t w e n e e d n ot now be so pessim istic. I th o u gh t that m ore lastin g g o o d w ou ld be e ffe cte d by tea ch in g th e yo u n g in In d ia the first p rin cip le s o f san itatio n and p u b lic health, to w h ich m igh t be a d d e d so m e in stru c tion in “ first a id .” I t w ill be seen that later on th ese id eas b o re fruit. M y earliest effort, how ever, was th e p u b lica tio n in th e M arw ar or J o d h p u r G a z e tte o f a series o f sh o rt a rticles on th e m an agem en t o f a ccid en ts a n d a cu te diso rd ers. The pap er was a b ilin g u al one, th e co n te n ts b e in g p rin te d in E n glish and M arw ari, the d ia le ct o f H in d i, w h ich is sp o k en in th e great R a jp u t S ta te in th e W e st o f R a jp u ta n a , in w hich I was servin g as R e s id e n c y S u rg e o n in 187218 73. I had every reason to b e lie ve th at th e p ap ers w ere o f use. T h e jo u rn a l was rather an am u sin g one. O n th e d a y on w hich a fam ous V ic e r o y arriv ed in J o d h p u r, th e cap ital o f the State, the e d ito r o f the jo u rn a l h e ad ed his le a d in g a rticle, w h ich was p rin ted in red ink, w ith th ese w ords, “ T h is is a d ay b e lo v e d o f gods, m en an d m a m m a ls.” O n a n o th er o cca sio n he co m p ared th e w ell-kn o w n H o li, a som ew h at B a cch a n a lia n festival o f sp rin g an d o f flow ers— in H in d i P h u l— w ith th e “ A ll F o o ls ’ D a y o f A p ril 1st, w h ich is so p o pu lar in E n g la n d .” H e was m isled by th e sim i larity of p ro n u n ciatio n o f th e tw o le a d in g w ords. N ever theless, th e G a z e tte was in fluen tial. T h e St. Joh n A m b u la n c e A ss o cia tio n was o n ly d e fi n itely e sta b lish ed early in 1878, a n d S h e p h e r d ’s “ H a n d b o o k o f A m b u la n c e In s tr u c tio n ” was p u b lish ed in th e sam e year. V e r y little, how ever, was heard o f th e m o vem en t in In d ia, but a co u rse o f lectu res was g iv en in A lla h a b a d a b ou t r 881-2 by S u rgeo n H e a th e r B igg , an officer o f the A rm y M e d ica l D e p artm en t, an d M r. H a ro ld K in g , a brother o f Sir S e ym o u r K in g , w ho is n ow a m em ber o f our O rder, to o k up th e ca u se w ith en th u siasm in B o m b a y, and carried it on w ith vig o u r until his la m en ted p rem ature d ecease. T h e C e n tre was fo rm ed on N o v. 28th, 1883, at a m eetin g at w h ich th e G o v e rn o r presid ed. A fte r an in terval it was w o rk e d w ith sim ilar zeal for m any years by M a jo r L u n d , a lth o u g h I see th at th e presen t C e n tre o n ly d ates o fficially from 19 0 1, w h ich poin ts to the fact that th ere was no gen eral o rgan isatio n in In d ia until that year, w hen th e C a lc u tta a n d o th er ce n tre s w ere fo u n d ed . A ll p revious efforts w ere th erefo re lo ca l and w ere d u e to th e in itiative an d e n ergy o f in d ivid u a ls. M r. R . T e m p le in form s m e th a t in 1 9 1 1 he fo u n d on visitin g th e M y so re G o ld F ield s, to e n co u ra g e a m b u la n ce work, that th e m ed ical m en th ere h ad been te a ch in g first aid w ith great su ccess sin ce 18 79. H e th in k s th e y w ere th e first in In d ia to do so. A s regard s m yself, M r. K in g was a b le to su p p ly m e w ith S h e p h e rd ’s H a n d b o o k , so m e g en era l in fo rm atio n and o n e or tw o diagram s. O n e o f these, a fu ll-len gth draw in g o f the m u scles an d b lo o d vessels o f a m an, m y h ead cle rk th o u g h t rep resen ted a w ild R u ssia n w ho d e v o u re d b ab ies.

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S u c h w as th e p o p u lar id e a o f our N o rth ern friends th irty years ago. In ad d itio n to th ese I co p ied on a large scale from vario u s b o o k s a set o f illustration s, an d in S e p te m b er, 1880, d e live red tw o co u rses o f lectu re s— one at Jaip ur and th e o th er at B a n d ik u i, an im p o rtan t railw ay ce n tre a b ou t 50 m iles n earer A g ra to the W est. A s m ost o f m y hearers w ere vo lu n teers on th e R ajp u tan a -M alw a R a ilw a y th e su b jects w ere treated rather from a m ilitary p o in t o f view , but I laid m uch stress on th e e arly m an agem en t o f th o se diseases w h ich are so fatal in th e T ro p ic s , and here I sh o u ld state that in later years I th o u g h th e sy lla b u s o f in stru ctio n o f th e A sso cia tio n re q u ired som e m o d ificatio n s and ad d itio n s w h ich I a c c o rd in gly m ade w hen I was in B en g al. T h e re w ere in terestin g features in bo th m y co u rses o f lectures. T w o railw ay en g in eers w ho w ere a tte n d in g the Jaipur class ca m e d o w n from A g ra th e n igh t before to a tten d th e last, or reca p itu la tio n , lectu re. O n e o f them had furn ished h im se lf w ith a sm all outfit o f in strum ents an d drugs for treatin g e m ergen cies, an d on his jo u rn e y he carefu lly stu d ied th e in stru ctio n s for treatin g snake-bite. T h a t n igh t his friend was stu n g by a co b ra w h ich had go t in to his b ed . A la n ce t an d stron g so lu tion o f am m onia w ere b ro u gh t o u t ; a liga tu re was tied tig h tly aro u n d th e lim b e ffe c te d ; the w ou nd was d e e p ly in c is e d ; am m onia w as p o u red in to i t ; an d a m an was sen t off for th e surgeon. O n m y arrival, I fo u n d that th ere was very little m ore to be don e. A t thu lectu re later on th e sam e d a y th e head o f th e victim , h a p p ily in this ca se th e snake, was exh ib ited , a n d an im p ressive lesson was learn ed by all present. I b e lie v e m y patient, w ho was afterw ards a d ign itary o f the P u b lic W o rk s D ep artm en t, still carefu lly preserves the head o f this en em y in spirit, and so m etim es w hen h e lo o k s at it recalls his n arrow esca p e from death. ( T o be concluded.)

The King’s Gun from Under th e Sea. By

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

Ju n e, 1916.

purp oses o f th e O rd er, and p ro b a b ly so m e o f th em w ere m o u n ted on th eir galleys, w h ich w ere co n sta n tly fighting th e T u r k s an d th e corsairs an d pirates o f th e eastern M ed iterran ean . D o u b tle ss m ore than o n e o f th ese galleys w ere sun k or w recked aro u n d the coasts o f C yp ru s. In th e y ear 1907 a sp o n ge fisher n am ed ^Stavrinos K o u ta le s , o f K a ste llo rizo , w h ile d iv in g for sp on ges near the harbour o f F am ag o u sta d isco ve re d a bron ze can n o n h a lf b u ried in th e san d at th e b ottom o f th e sea. O n the 1st o f N o v e m b e r, 1907, th e C y p ru s G o v e rn m en t raised the gun an d b ro u gh t it ashore. H e re it was in sp ected by the G o v e rn m e n t C u ra to r o f A n c ie n t M o n u m en ts o f C y p ru s, M r. G eo rg e Jeffrey, to w hom we are in d eb te d for its descrip tio n . T h e gun is in p erfect p reservation , but is very ro u gh ly cast, as if th e e co n o m ica lly in clin e d kin g h ad spent as little as p o ssib le on his gift. Y e t it is d e co ra tiv e in a p p earan ce, b ein g o ctag o n a l in section , and tap erin g co n sid e ra b ly from b reach to m uzzle. C a st upon the upper face o f th e o cta g o n a l surface are tw o co ats o f arm s, w hich id e n tify it as o n e o f th e 19 gu ns giv e by K in g H e n r y to D e l’ls le A d am . O n e o f them is the royal co a t o f arm s o f E n gla n d , surroun ded by th e G arter, an d su rm o u n ted by a royal crow n and su p p o rted by th e K in g ’s arm orial su p porters, a dragon and a talbot. T h e o th er sh ield is th at o f the G ra n d M aster, w ith th e arm s o f th e O rd er in th e first an d fourth quarters an d th e p erson al arm s o f D e l ’Isle A d a m in th e seco n d and third. A b o v e th e sh ield is a la b el on w hich can be read a p ortion o f th e G ra n d M a ste r’s n am e. O n th e m o u ld in g o f the breach appears th e n um ber X I I I I . R e s c u e d from th e b ottom o f th e sea, w here it had lain for perhaps n ea rly 400 years, it n ow stands on an a p p ro p riate p ed esta l as a d e co ra tio n o f th e terrace o f G o v e rn m e n t H o u se , N ico sia. A p h o tog ra p h o f th e gun, tak en by C o l. A . H ick m a n M o rg an , D .S .O ., K n ig h t o f G ra ce, in th e spring o f 19 1 4 , is in the L ib ra ry o f th e O rd er at St. J o h n ’s G ate.

F IN C H A M .

O n th e terrace o f th e house o f th e H ig h C o m m issio n e r of th e Isla n d o f C y p ru s th ere stan ds to-day a fine bronze ca n n o n w ith a re m a rk a b le h isto ry clo s e ly co n n e cte d with th a t o f th e O rd e r o f St. J oh n , and o f in terest to all who care to read o f in cid en ts in its past. W h en in 1522 th e T u r k s drove th e K n ig h ts from the Is la n d o f R h o d e s , w h ich h a d been their h o m e for 200 years, th ey w an d ered for so m e co n sid e ra b le tim e a b o u t the w estern tow n s o f th e M ed iterran ean see k in g new head qu arters. D u rin g this p eriod the brave o ld G ra n d M aster, D e l ’Isle A d a m , visited th e variou s rulers o f w estern E u ro p e b e se ech in g h elp for th e p ro p o sed re co n q u est o f R h o d e s , and in 15 2 7 he cam e to th e G ra n d P rio ry o f E n g la n d at C le rk e n w ell to beg assistan ce from K in g H e n ry V I I I . T h e K in g visited him here, p ro b a b ly in th e room over th e arch o f the G a te H o u se , n ow kn ow n as the C o u n c il C h a m b e r, an d to d o him greater ho n o ur carried him o ff to his p a la ce o f St. Jam es th e A p o stle, w here he p resen ted him , in th e n am e o f the Q u e e n an d him self, w ith a go ld e n basin and ew er e n rich ed w ith p recio u s stones, an d p ro m ised him h elp to th e va lu e o f tw en ty th o u sa n d crow n s, w h ich he afterw ards p aid in a rtillery an d firearm s. A p ortion, at least, o f the artillery co n sisted o f 19 grea t ca n n o n s o f bronze and 1,023 b alls for th e sam e. T h e re co n q u est o f th e Isla n d o f R h o d e s failed, and th e K n ig h ts e v e n tu a lly settled in th e Isla n d o f M alta. K in g H e n r y ’s gu n s m ust h a ve b een used for o th er m ilitary

At a R est S ta tio n in France. By T H E K LA BO W SER (M em ber o f the St. J o h n 's G ate N u r s in g D iv is io n ). little is kn ow n o f the w ork that is b ein g d o n e in F ra n ce at railw ay R e st Station s. T h e m ain reason for this is b e cau se th e m ilitary au th o rities insist upon a veil being draw n o ver eve ry th in g w hich has to d o w ith th ose m ysteriou s “ L in e s o f C o m m u n ic a tio n ,’ w h ich m ean so m uch to m ost o f us w ho h ave been to F ra n ce and so little to th e gen eral p u b lic at hom e. W e have no in ten tio n o f p u llin g aside th e veil in th e sligh test d egree, but by ca re fu lly sh rou d in g all n am es in m ystery w e can giv e som e little id e a o f th e w ork th at is b ein g d o n e on th ese railw ay A id P o sts w ith ou t ru nn in g co u n ter to th e very p rop er rules o f th e authorities. I t was on a very h o t J u n e d a y that w e (tw o o f us) arrived at a very sm all a n d out-of-the-w ay corn er o f F ra n ce w here an A rm y A id P o st alread y existed. It is true that it had been in b ein g for som e m on th s, but as th e w ork o n ly ca m e in big bursts it was felt a g reat w aste th at tw o fully-trained sisters sh o u ld be left th e re w ith a d o cto r and five R .A .M .C . orderlies. T h e y w ere therefore re m o ve d , an d tw o St. Joh n A m b u la n c e V .A .D . m em bers p ut in in stead. T h e d octor, w ith th ree o f th e o rderlies, was sent to th e B a se , and the station was p ut u n der the m ed ical ch a rg e o f an A rm y

Very

June, 19 16 .

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d o cto r w ho was M .O . to several C am p s co verin g a large radius in th e district. T h e railw ay station authorities had kin d ly put part o f th e C o n sig n e (lu g ga ge room ) at th e disposal o f the sister, and here th ere was a sp len d id m ed ical and surgical e q u ip m ent, but no attem p t h ad been m ade to turn th e room into a sort o f C a su a lty W ard. It to o k a certain am o u n t o f tact to persuade the orderlies that th e w alls m ust (be clean ed dow n, the rusty stove p olish ed, and th e m any shelves scru b b ed into a sem b la n ce o f w hiteness. F o r a w eek we all w orked hard at clean in g the p lace and then there arrived a fine stock of stores from the R e d C ro ss headquarters. T h e re w ere a bed, chairs, tables, lam ps and cro ck ery, for we in ten d ed to sp en d our w h o le days on th e station and to take m ost o f our m eals in the C o n sign e. B y b eggin g and borrow in g we m an aged to a n n ex e bottles o f all sorts and sizes w hich were d u ly la b elled and filled with “ lo tio n s,” and two shelves were co v e re d w ith w hite A m erican clo th and on these th e h igh ly p o lish ed instrum ents, etc., were arranged in true hosp ital fashion. O n e s h e lf was en clo sed b y w hite m uslin, an d b eh in d this rep osed our food, and a fine, big cu p b o a rd was d e v o ted to dressings, n eatly stack ed and la b elled . W e also m ade cu p b o ard s out of A S .C wooden boxes. T h is all soun ds very sim ple, but it is n ot quite so easy as it w ou ld h ave been in E n gla n d , as we were in a tiny F ren ch villa ge w here very few things c o u ld be bought, and even in tow ns certain things are alm ost u n o b tain ab le in F ra n ce now adays. In the m idst o f this w ork we had the e xcitem en t o f our first “ im p rovised a m b u la n ce train .” It arrived in the m iddle o f the n igh t and we had very short n o tice o f its com ing. T h e prim ary reason for the establish m en t o f these railw ay aid posts is the feedin g an d dressing o f w ou nded m en w ho travel on th ese im p ro vised a m b u la n ce trains. W h en th ere is a big “ push ” on at the front th e regular a m b u la n ce trains can n o t deal with the thousands o f w ounded, so that th e ligh ter w alkin g cases are put into ordinary trains w ith one d o cto r in charge. T h e s e trains then stop at certain points on their lo n g jo u rn e y to the base so th at the m en m ay be given a hot drink and n ece s sary dressings m ay be done. E a ch train carries m any h u n dreds o f men, and our first train was an un fo rgetab le sight stan din g in th e station in th e dim m orn in g light. W e very soon fo u n d that we h ad to system atise the m eth od for both m akin g and distributin g the fo od and drink. It is no ligh t task to m ake 70 gallo n s o f h ot co co a at sh o rt n otice. W e h ad a row o f Saw yer stoves on the platform , and a shed w here we co u ld cu t bread and butter and arrange our cups, etc. V e r y soon we w orked out a plan by w hich each o rd erly kn ew e xa ctly his own jo b , and by w hich I c o u ld be sure that no m an on th e train ran any risk o f b ein g m issed out. T h e M .O . o f the train was asked w hich cases he w ish ed to be dressed, and th ey were eith er brought to th e dressin g station (w hich w e had rigged up on the p latform ) or we w ent to them in the carriages. We m anaged to m ake our little dressing statio n very co m p lete, with its tab le an d chairs, stove, steriliser and rows o f old tin boxes, w hich h ad been sterilised in to b eco m in g very efficient cases for dressings. W ar alters all o n e ’s ideas o f relative values, and w ounds that are lo o k e d up on as “ ligh t ” b ecau se they are n ot so ab so lu tely terrib le as m any others, w ou ld be th o u gh t very serious in tim es o f p eace. T h u s, one often had to deal with very bad cases even on these trains. I t m ust not be th ough t that th ese m en w ere left to b e treated by too-

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

w illing, but m ore or less u n sk illed , V .A .D . m em bers. O ne m em ber had been sp ecia lly ch o se n for th e post b e ca u s e o f her lo n g exp erien ce bo th in h o sp ita l a n d street wor . . so d u rin g th e big rushes o f w ork a fu lly train ed sister ca m e dow n to assist w ith th e dressings. S o m etim es th ese trains w ou ld c o m e clo se u p on e ach o th er’s heels, th ro u gh out th e n igh t a n d day, an d m ore than o n ce it h a p p en ed in our statio n th at th ere w ere tw o trains full o f w o u n d ed in at th e sam e tim e. T r y a n d p ictu re th e scen e for yo u rselves. A d ark a n d sto rm y n igh t and t e train so lo n g that it stretch es far b e y o n d th e p latfo rm . O rd erlies servin g o u t co c o a a n d food, b a tch es o f w o u n d e d m en m akin g th eir w ay slo w ly to th e d ressin g statio n on th e platform , w here th e nurses an d th e d o cto r w ork at top speed so that as m an y m en as p o ssib le s h o u ld h a ve th eir w ounds m ade m ore co m fo rta b le. O n e o f th e n urses w o u ld be p assing a lo n g th e train w ith feed in g cu p s o f b e e f tea for the m en w ho h ad m outh w ou n d s an d c o u ld not d rin k o u t o f a mug, w hilst a n o th er w ou ld be go in g in to th e ca rriag es to a tten d th o se m en w h o w ere n o t fit to m ove. T h e in d e scrib a b le d irt o f th e trains, th e d ifficu lties o f h a v in g o n ly oil lam ps or e le ctric flash lam ps, the p lo u g h in g a lo n g th e perm an ent w ay in th e dark n ess, th e risk o f b e co m in g c a re less o f th e trains, th e to m clo th es o f th e m en (so torn that on e d id not kn o w w here to begin to pin them to g e th er so that th ey sh o u ld resem b le a n y th in g lik e a ga rm en t), th ese are a few o f th e d etails w hich g o to m ake R e s t S ta tio n w ork arduou s and far m ore in th e n ature o f “ a ctiv e se rv ice than can be th e ro u tin e w ork o f an y hospital. M a n y a tim e th ere ca m e a clu tch in o n e ’s th roat at th e p iteousn ess o f it all. N e v e r sh a ll I forget th e m o m en t w hen a troop train stea m ed in to the station an d th e sturdy, clean, exu b eran t y o u n g m en, ju st out from h o m e an d th en on their w ay to th e front, ca u g h t sigh t o f th ese b ro k en co m rad es an d ch e ered them to th e e ch o . B u t the w ou n d ed m en w ere “ g a m e ,” an d ch e ered a n d a ctu a lly la u gh e d b a ck w ith m agn ificen t co u rag e. N e v e r a gru m b le or a bad w ord d id I hear ; n oth in g but g ra titu d e for our help an d attention. It m ad e o n e p roud to claim th em as o n e ’s own co u n trym en . T h e q u estio n o f k e ep in g e n o u g h sto ck o f m ugs for these trains is a very big one, as “ T o m m y ” has a n au g h ty h abit o f clin g in g to th em in stead o f g iv in g them b ack. T h u s we lost large n u m b ers o f m ugs an d bow ls in an alarm in g way. W e k n ew th at at a n o th er R e s t S ta tio n the m em bers h ad m an aged to m ake co n d e n se d m ilk tins in to m ugs and w e determ in ed to follow suit. H a p p ily o n e o f our o rderlies was a m e ch a n ic an d h e ta u g h t o n e o f us the m ysteries o f so ld erin g. O u r spare hours w ere o c c u p ie d in this w ay an d we tu rn ed o u t m any se rv ice a b le m ugs with handles, but w e c o u ld n ever h a ve k e p t p a ce w ith the dem an d h ad n ot th e m en o f a certain cam p, n o t far from us, co m e to our aid. T h e y h eard o f o ur d ifficu lty, and, by p erm ission o f their officers, w orked in th eir sp are tim e an d used to sen d us h u n d red s o f b e au tifu lly m ade m ugs. T h a t is how th e h e alth y “ T o m m y ” in F ra n ce h elps his w ou n d ed brother. W e fo un d our so ld erin g k n o w le d g e was o f great use, an d lo n g after th e o rd e rly h ad left us we co n tin u e d to m ake variou s a rticles o u t o f o ld tin b iscu it bo xes an d also d id all th e so ld erin g m e n d in g for the little E n glish H o s p ita l w h ich was a b o u t tw o m iles aw ay from us. W e also used, o cca sio n a lly , to brin g aw ay big b u n d le s o f ordin ary m en d in g to do for this H o s p ita l as we h a d a go o d deal o f sp are tim e betw een our rushes o f w ork. D u rin g the n in e m on th s th at th e w riter was in ch a rg e at this S tatio n th ere were o ver five h u n d red en tries in th e C a s e B o o k , e x clu siv e o f a n y dressings d o n e on th e im p ro vised trains. M a n y o f th ese cases w ere o f m en go in g

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up in tro o p trains, k ic k e d by horses or suffering from in ju ries o r su d d e n illness. O u r o n e b e d was often o ccu p ie d for th e n ig h t by a sick soldier, tak en from a train. T h e M .O . w ou ld co m e an d see him and th en th e n ex t m orning h e w ou ld b e sen t dow n to a B a se H o sp ita l. T h e n we atte n d e d to a great m any F re n c h an d F lem ish soldiers and d id no little n ursin g in th e village, w here th e p eo p le were very b a d ly o ff for a n y sort o f sk ille d h elp d u rin g illness. 1 he F re n c h p eo p le w ere in ten sely gratefu l to us an d we fo un d a grea t p leasu re in b ein g o f use to th e m — it was, in d ee d , a very real entente cordiale. L ife on a F re n c h railw ay station is in te n se ly in terestin g, b u t a certain a m o u n t o f tact has to be exercised . W e were e xtre m e ly lu ck y in our R . T . O .’s ^vho ce rtain ly h ave it in th eir p ow er to m ake or m ar th e h ap pin ess o f th ose at an A id P o s t. W e alw ays re ce ive d e ve ry p o ssib le h elp and k in d n ess from th ese officers, and also from th e C h e f de G are and th o se u n d er him . In o ur “ o f f ” tim e we ran a sm all can teen for the 1 om m ies w ho ca m e to th e Statio n , stay ed a few hours and p assed on again, an d w e m an aged to get a R e cre a tio n H u t for th e han d fu l o f m en w ho w ere p erm an en tly at w ork on an d ro u n d th e Statio n . B o th o f th ese thin gs we lo o k e d up on as o ur p leasu re an d recreation , as th ey h a d to be d o n e en tire ly un officially, sin ce the G e n e v a C o n v e n tio n do es n o t allow R e d C ro ss w orkers to d o a n y th in g o fficially for any but th e sick and w ou n ded. T h e fun ds for both C a n te e n and R e cre a tio n H u t w ere su p p lied by ourselves an d our friends p rivately, n ev er a p en n y o f R e d C ro ss m o n ey b ein g used for either. W e w ere an e x ce e d in g ly h a p p y little co m m u n ity in th at tin y F re n c h village. T h e o rd erlies slep t in railw ay carriages on a siding, b u t w e tw o slep t in a h ouse in the village, an d I h ad a p rim itive bell arran ged out o f m y w indow , so that the o rd erlies c o u ld ca ll us at an y tim e if we w ere n eed ed . W e h a d a go o d deal o f snow th ro u gh o u t th e w inter and it was n ot e x a ctly am usin g to be c a lled out in th e m id d le o f the n igh t to p lod throu gh in ch es o f snow to the S tatio n , b u t n o n e o f us ever dream ed o f grum blin g. W e w ere to o gratefu l for th e p riv ilege o f b ein g th ere to do o ur w ee “ bit ” for th e m en w ho h a ve suffered so m u ch for us. N o o n e in E n g la n d can ever q u ite u n derstan d the h u g e sacrifice o f o ur m en as w e do, for w e h a ve seen them co m e straight from the tren ch es w ith, perhaps, o n ly first field dressin gs on their w o u n d s— dirty, hungry, w orn-out an d yet sm iling.

The Journey, Life and Experiences of a V.A D. in M ontenegro. J u s t o ver a y ear a g o we started forth a sm all party o f three

d o cto rs, tw o train ed sisters, tw o V .A .D .’s (o f w hom I was one), and four o rderlies, to th e w ild little co u n try o f M o n te negro. W e w ere d e la y e d three an d a-half w eeks in M a lta aw aitin g new s from th e M o n te n e grin G o v e rn m en t as to w here w e w ere to p ro ce ed an d by w hich ro u te to travel. T h e stay in M a lta was m ost e n jo y ab le . W e had left L o n d o n in fog an d rain, and in M a lta we had w arm th and sun shine. W e tw o V .A .D .’s sp en t m ost o f our tim e in tak in g lo n g w alks in to th e su rro u n d in g co u n try o f V a le tta , a cco m p a n ie d by our surgeon, a very cle v e r C an ad ian . T h e o b je c t o f th ese lo n g w alks was to harden us for any co m in g strain w h ich m igh t fall to o ur lot. T h e other V .A .D . (b e in g o f an in d u strio u s turn o f m in d ) o ccu p ie d her m orn in gs by ta k in g c o o k in g lessons. H a v in g sp en t th ree an d a h a lf h ap py w eeks in V a le tta ,

JO H N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

June,

1916.

orders at last cam e. W e w ere to take th e n ex t b o at to S a lo n ica , and th ere aw ait further orders. L u c k ily , o ur c h ie f foun d a F re n ch M essagerie bo at starting th e n ext day, so w e e m b ark ed on her. T h e jo u rn e y to S a lo n ica was a short on e, five days, tw o o f w h ich w ere sp en t in A th en s. T h e bo at was very dirty, an d th e food very bad. B e in g a poor sailor, the last item tro u b led me but little, but th e dirt was trying. B a th s w ere out o f the question , o n e em erged from them dirtier than o n e w en t in. S a lo n ica was rea ch ed on F eb ru a ry 28th. W e fo un d hotel a cco m m o d a tio n difficult to procure, th e town b ein g full o f refugees. E v e n tu a lly we foun d three room s in a very in ferior hotel, and a room elsew h ere for th e four orderlies. N o m eals co u ld be served in o ur h otel, so we had to go o u t for these, an d lu ck ily hit u p on a p lace w here th e food was good. S a lo n ica was rather a dreary, dirty, n oisy town, w ith go o d shops, w here seem in gly one co u ld bu y alm ost an yth in g. W e sp en t five days there; and w an dered ab ou t sight-seein g an d tak in g m ore lo n g w alks. O n T u e sd a y , M a rch 2nd, at 8 a.m ., we left S alo n ica, and started our train jo u rn e y th rou gh Serbia. T h e train (there is o n ly o n e d a ily) was p ack ed , an d we h ad m uch difficulty in findin g p laces for ourselves. T ra in tra vellin g was slow w ork, an d o n e really co u ld often get out and walk a b o u t and ca tch the train a little further on. A t a ju n ctio n w e all h ad to ch an ge, and a scen e o f co n fu sio n and bustle ensued, each party tryin g vain ly to get go o d seats and k e ep togeth er. I thin k the shiftin g to o k a b o u t o n e hour, and even then all w ere n ot satisfied w ith th eir p laces. T h e S erb ia n trains w ere fairly go o d , old F re n c h carriages, but th ey carry no w ater for w ashin g purposes, and are far from clean . O n en terin g th e train, e v e ry b o d y ’s first a ctio n is to sp rin kle th e seats and floor w ith som e stron g in sect pow der an d d isin fectan t, as o n e n ever know s w ho has been in the carriage, and e ven th e best o f S erb ian s ca n n o t be certain that th ey are free from in sects w hich seem to over-run th e coun try. I m ust say the railw ay au th o rities do their best to clean out th e co m p artm en ts, and d a ily a man com es rou n d and swills the floors o f carriages and passages with som e stron g sm ellin g disinfectan t, but th e seats o f th e ca r riages are o ve rlo o k e d , and it is th ere th e great dan g er lies. W e tra velled all d ay in th e train, w h ich w ent terribly slow ly. T h e scen ery was gorgeou s, and o n e was n ever tired o f g a z ing out o f th e w indow . . A t 8 p.m . we rea ch ed U sk u b , but bein g d ark n o th in g c o u ld be seen but large b u ild in gs full o f lights. T h e s e I was to ld w ere hosp itals w hich were full o f sick and w ou nded. T y p h u s was ragin g there, and a m an I sp ok e to said the death s w ere so n um erous that it was d ifficult for the authorities to co p e with the dead. C a rts w en t rou nd all n igh t p ick in g up th e b o d ies w h ich w ere put o u tsid e the houses and hospitals. It m ade o n e th in k o f th e great p lag u e o f L o n d o n . L a d y P a g e t was on th e p latform w elco m in g a co n tin gen t o f R .A .M .C . officers, tw en ty-eight in num ber, un der C o l. H u n ter, w ho had been sent o u t from h o m e w ith the o b je c t o f tryin g to co p e w ith the typ h u s question . H a v in g kn ow n L a d y P a g e t w hen we w ere ch ild ren togeth er, I w ent up and sp o k e to her, and she in stan tly in vited our unit to sup per in th e station-m aster’s room . W e had a g o o d m eal, o f w hich we were grea tly in n eed , as w e had o n ly “ b u lly b e e f ” w ith us, and w ere all co ld and tired. A t 10 p.m . our train started o ff again for N ish . I ca n n o t say I slep t m uch. W e w ere o n ly four in m y ca r riage, but it was very co ld , an d every few m in utes m y c o m pan ion k ick e d m e in her e n d e av o u r to ch a n ge her cram p ed p o sitio n ; or else I k ic k e d her. A t 7.30 a.m . w e r e a c h e d N ish. O u r c h ie f w ent up to

June, 19 16

—

FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

th e tow n to see th e M in ister th ere and to arran ge our n ext m ove. W e had in th e m ean w h ile to w alk up and dow n th e railw ay track. T h e platform and w aiting-room were th ro n g e d w ith sick m en and soldiers go in g to th e front, and every ca ttle tru ck in th e p lace was full o f sick soldiers, so w e th o u g h t it as w ell to steer clear o f these. I t m ade o n e’s h eart a ch e to w itness th e p atient suffering o f th ese poor m en. T h e y w ere under-clad, som e b ein g in a b so lu te r a g s ; th eir ch e e k s hollo w , and in m any cases death was plain ly w ritten on their faces. Y e t for hours I have seen these m en sit, or lie, on the dam p earth w aiting for a train to ta k e them on to th e hospital or n ext town. H a v in g w alked up an d dow n the railw ay for over an hour, feeling co ld and hu ngry, our c h ie f ca m e alon g and told us that we were to stay in the tow n for one night, and that all arran ge m ents for our future were in the hands o f a M r. P ichard, th e secretary o f th e S erbian M inister. T h is was in d eed go o d new s, we felt that it required so m eo n e o f the co u n try to carry us throu gh th e lo n g and ted io u s jo u rn e y w hich we kn ew to be in front of us, and I kn ow now that we can n ever .half than k M r. P ich ard for all he did for us d u rin g the n ext eigh t days. H e was a w on derful organiser, an d n o detail for our co m fo rt was for go tten . I m ust tell you that our ab lu tion s that m orning were p erform ed on th e railw ay track. S o m eo n e foun d a pum p, and o n e o f our party had a sm all jug. I p ro d u ced a p iece o f soap and a tow el. T h e w ater was icy c o la , but we m an aged to get a little o f the dirt o ff from faces and hands. M y tow el had a lot o f w ork to d o — I ’m afraid that by the tim e th e tenth m an go t it its in ten d in g purpose was gone, and it certain ly lo o k ed m ore like a b la ck rag than a tow el. ( T o be continued.')

JO H N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

225

o f the R o y a l N a v a l D iv isio n was th en b e in g fo rm ed a n d h e jo in e d at M a n ch ester as a p riv ate w ith th e first b a tch w h o en rolled . H e ga in ed rapid p ro m o tio n a n d is n ow w ith th e D iv isio n a l H e a d q u a rte rs o f th e D iv is io n in the E a st. T h e m edal has been gran ted for g e n era l g o o d serv ice a n d for atten d in g w ou n d ed on o n e o cca sio n w h en he was o u t in the open for four hours, all th e tim e u n d e r a v e ry h e a v y shrap nel fire. M a n y m en w ere k ille d ro u n d him a n d m a n y m ore serio u sly in ju red b u t h e g o t th ro u gh w ith o u t a scra tch , a lth ou gh he h ad m an y very n arrow esca p es. T h e re are n ow in th e M e d ic a l U n it fo u r D .S .M .’s a n d this M .M . A ll St. J o h n m en. * * *

T h e M a n ch ester an d S a lfo rd C o r p s are s u p p ly in g th e R o y a l A g ric u ltu ra l S h o w d em an d s for A m b u la n c e S u rg e o n , A m b u la n c e N u rsin g Sisters a n d A m b u la n c e M e n , at M an ch ester, in June-July.

The Grand Priory of th e Order of th e H ospital of S t. John of Jeru salem in England. Chancery o f the O rd er, St. fo h n 's G a te, C lerkenw ell, L o n d o n , E . C . , A p r i l 10 th , 1 9 1 6 . His M ajesty the K in g has been gracio u sly pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointm ents to, the O rder of the H ospital o f St. John of Jerusalem in E n gla n d :— A s K n ig h ts o f fu sticc (fr o m K n ig h ts o f G race) : A rthur E dw ard G rosvenor Rhodes. T h e E a rl of D erb y, K .G . Sir Owen C osby Philipps, K .C .M .G . A s K n ig h ts o f G race :

N otes

and

N ew s.

L etters h ave been received at St. J o h n ’s G a te from the H o n . Secretary (at C h ristch u rch ) o f the C a n terb u ry, Nt-lson, M a rlb o ro u gh and W e st C o a st C e n tre, N ew Z ealan d , stating that, d u rin g the early part o f A p ril, th e fo llo w in g ship m en ts had been sent off to the various destin ation s in d icated :— C a ses o f R e d C ro ss g o o d s — In dia, 1 0 3 ; N ew Z eala n d H o sp ita l, W a lton -o n -T h am es. C a ses o f H o sp ita l b a n d a ge s— In d ia, 25 ; E g y p t, 36. T his is o n ly the last o f a lo n g series o f sp len d id gifts from N e w Z e ala n d , an d is really a very in ad e q u a te sam ple o f the m agn ificen t g e n ero sity o f the C o lo n y . * * W e regret t h a t in l a s t m o n t h ’ s i s s u e o f t h e G a z e t t e , in th e a rticle on “ T h e M o to r A m b u la n c e D e p a rtm e n t,” M essrs. T . W . L e n c h , L td ., w ere erro n eo u sly referred to as o f O ld h a m , in stead o f B la ck h e a th , B irm in gh am . *

* *

T h e fo llo w in g is an extract from a D iv isio n a l O rd er by M a jo r-G en eral Sir A . Paris, K .C .B ., C o m m a n d in g R o y a l N a va l D iv isio n : “ T h e fo llo w in g h a ve been aw arded ‘ F re n ch H o n o u rs and D e co ra tio n s,’ w h ich m ay be w orn : “ M e d a ille M ilitaire. “ S ta ff S e rg ea n t Josep h W ilso n , D e a l /S/ R .M ., M e d ica l U n it.” Se rg ea n t W ilso n was form erly a C o rp o ra l o f the B arrow -in -F urn ess D ivisio n , b u t was in the A rg e n tin e w hen war b ro k e out, an d he cam e hom e, som e 7,000 m iles, to offer his services th rou gh th e S .J .A .B . T h e M e d ica l U n it

Sir John Charles H older, Bt. Surgeon-G eneral T om P ercy W oodhouse, C .B ., M .R .C .S ., A .M .S . Surgeon-G eneral Sir Richard H avelock Charles, G .C .V .O ., I.M .S ., M .D . Lieut.-Colonel P atrick Fen elon O ’Connor, C .B ., I.M .S ., M .D . A s L a d ie s o f G race : M ary E thel, Mrs. Lew is H arcourt. E lla Gertrude A m y, M rs. W eb b , M .D . Elizabeth A nn, Mrs. T w eed ale. M abel A nn ie Stobart-G reen halgh, Mrs. St. C lair Stobart. Laura, the L ad y A berconw ay. M uriel, the H onourable M rs. E . A . F itzR o y. K atherine, Mrs. C h arles W . Furse. A s H o n o rary S erv in g B ro th e rs : Captain A ndrew Sin clair Buchanan. A lexan der W illiam Saunders. A rthur E dw in G eorge H ayw orth Blum. John W illiam Bellam y. A s H o n o rary S erv in g Sisters : Gertrude, Mrs. Smith. Letitia, Mrs. M agow an. K atherine Florence, Mrs. W ilkinson. H arriet Sophia, Mrs. N ash. A s H o n o ra ry A ssociates : M ajor Paul M cK en n a T erry. R ich ard W h yto ck L eslie, M .D . Surgeon-Lieut.-Colonel John H erbert H a ckin g, M .R .C .S ., L .R .C .P . T hom as H alliw ell, M .R .C .S ., L .R .C .P . H arry John M ann ing-W atts, M .R .S ., L .R .C .P . F ran cis M arm aduke Sealy, M .R .C .S . Lieut.-Colonel Clarence Isidore E llis, M .D .

—

226

F I R S T

A u strian s a g re ed re a d ily to th e proposals, but the G erm an s

B revities.

w ere bitterly h o stile to th e idea, and refu sed to en tertain

I n th e list o f th e K in g ’s B ir th d a y H o n o u rs, w h ich was p u b lish e d on J u n e 3rd, th ere ap p ea red the n am e o f L a d y

it, in sp ite o f a visit to B e rlin o f a S w ed ish d e p u ta tio n in su p p o rt.

P e rro tt, aw a rd ed the F irst C la ss o f th e R o y a l R e d C ro ss for v a lu a b le W ar S e rv ic e s .”

L a d y P e rro tt has been the first

L a d y S u p e rin te n d en t in C h ie f o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n ce B r ig a d e for o ver five years, for four y e a rs jo f w h ich sh e has been th e first L a d y C o m m a n d a n t-in -C h ie f o f the St. J oh n V o lu n ta ry

A id

D e ta ch m en ts, w h ich

owe

m uch

her

in iative an d pow ers o f organ isation .

***

B rig ad e, C o lo n e l Sir J am es C la rk , B art., C .B ., w ho is also of

th e

O rd e r

St.

J oh n

H o s p ita l

F ra n ce, has b een crea te d a C o m p a n io n o f th e O rd e r o f St. M ic h a e l an d St. G e o r g e ; and the C h ie f M atro n , M iss C . D o d d , has also re ce iv e d the F irst C la ss o f th e R o y a l R e d C ross. e

feel

last m onth.

It con sists o f five parts, co n ta in in g 45 clauses.

In co m e -tax re lie f is giv en w orkers

ab ro ad

A m b u la n ce . pound

th e

to sailors and soldiers an d to R ed

sure th e m em bers

C ro ss

an d

th e

St.

Joh n

T h e y are to b e taxed at the rate o f 9d. in th e

if th eir total

in co m e from all so u rces

2s.

sd.

n ot e x ce e d in g ^ 1 ,5 0 0 : 2s.

,£ 2 ,0 0 0 ;

do es

not

e x ce ed in g

9d.

n ot e x c e e d in g

3s. 3d. n o t e x ce ed in g ^£ 2,500;

an d 3s. 6d. if

^£2,500.

C la u s e

o f th e

w ill

m eet the h ard sh ip

arising from a higher rate o f tax b ein g im p o sed on a person w hose in co m e happens to e x ce ed b y certain lim it.

a sm all am o u n t a

In th ese cases th e a d d itio n a l am o u n t o f tax

p ay a b le w ill n o t e x ce e d th e am ount by w hich th e total in co m e e xce ed s th e lim it.

V W

* * * text o f th e F in a n ce (N o . 2) B ill was p u b lish ed

T he

e x ce e d ^ 3 0 0 ; 2s. id . on in co m es n ot e x ce e d in g ; £ i , o o o ;

T h e C h ie f C o m m issio n e r o f th e St. J oh n A m b u la n c e

C om m andant

June, i 916.

A I D . —

* * *

B rig ad e w ill be

im p ortan t p oin t in th e B o a rd o f T ra d e exa m in

g ratified to learn o f th e d istin g u ish ed reco gn ition w hich has been co n fe rre d by H is M a je sty th e K in g u p on their

ation s, so far as R .N .R . O fficers are co n cern e d , has been

leaders.

e sla b lish ed ,

an d

w ill

co m e as

w elco m e new s

those

O fficers w ho are at p resen t on a ctiv e service, an d w ho are

V S i r J o h n M a x w e l l , w ho was in ch a rg e o f th e troops

p reparin g for h ig h er grad e exam in ations.

C e rtifica te s o f

d u rin g th e D u b lin riots, sp o k e gen ero u s w ords o f praise at

p ro ficien cy in first aid to the in ju red issued by a M e d ica l

O fficer o f the R o y a l N a vy , after a co urse o f lectu res in

re ce n t g a th e rin g

for th e

brave

m en

w ho

p erform ed

a m b u la n ce services d u rin g th e tryin g days o f E a ste r W e e k

first aid, w ill be a cce p te d in lieu o f th e St. Joh n A m b u la n c e

in D u b lin .

c e rtifica te for th e p urp ose o f p aragraph 26 o f the regu latio n s

T h e y had, he said, to risk their lives during

th o se e x citin g days, an d th e y did their d u ty n obly.

T h is

for th e

e xa m in atio n o f m asters and m ates.

T h is in fo r

trib u te o f p raise was w ell d eserv ed as th e report o f th e

m ation re a ch ed th e

w ork a cco m p lish e d , w h ich w ill be fo u n d on an o th er page

few days ago, and it w ill assist O fficers in o b tain in g their

o f this issue, testifies, and it is a furth er proof, if an y be

certificates, as th e y can tak e th e

n e e d e d , o f the m a gn ificen t w ork o f th e St. J oh n A m b u la n ce

w hilst on

B rig ad e.

n avigatio n , seam anship , an d sign allin g for th eir exam in atio n

The

* * * R e d C ro ss C o n fe re n ce w h ich was to b e h eld in The

o ste n sib le ca u se o f th is regrettab le eve n t is th e refusal o f th e G erm an d e leg a tes to agree to a reso lu tion exp ressin g regret

over

th e

“ P o r tu g a l.”

sin k in g

o f the

R u ssia n

H o s p ita l S h ip

It w ill be re ca lled th at th e G e rm a n s— or the

T u r k s on their b e h a lf— issu ed a statem en t o f that in cid en t d e sig n e d

crea te

the

im p ression

that

th e

subm arin e

co m m a n d er th o u g h t he was a tta ck in g a w arship.

M u ch

The

first aid

G u ild a

e xa m in atio n s free to study

* * * first n u m b er o f th e R . A . M .C . D e p o t M a g a zin e

has ju st been issu ed at p rice o f id . up

S e rv ice

a ctiv e service, an d leaves them

on shore.

S to c k h o lm has co m p le te ly bro k en dow n, an d th e p rin cipal o b je c t o f th e p ro m o ters has th e re b y been defeated .

Im p e ria l M e rch a n t

an d illustrated, and

in clu d in g

“ S e ria l,”

It is a ttra ctiv ely go t

co n ta in s a n um ber o f features, “ B arrack -ro o m Y a r n s ,” an

“ Im -

gin ary In te rv ie w ,” n otes on sports an d g en era l new s a b o u t th e C o rp s, & c.

M em b ers o f th e R .A .M .C . at h o m e and

ab ro ad can o b tain

co p ies

ap p ly in g

to th e

office

th e M a g a zin e, R .A .M .C . D e p o t, A ld ersh o t. -t <

th at a p p ea red in that statem en t was to ta lly at va ria n ce with F r o m A u g u st 2nd, 19 14 , the first d a y o f m obilisation ,

the official R u ssia n a cco u n ts o f w hat to o k p l a c e ; and if it was really true, w h ich n o o n e believes, that the “ P o rtu ga l ” w as to rp ed o e d by o versigh t, w e ca n n o t im agin e why the G e rm a n R e d C ro ss sh o u ld not be w illin g to express regret

Jan u ary

1st, 19 16 , th e

Societe F ran caise

Secours

a u x Blesses M ilita ire s, o n e o f th e th ree S o cie tie s w hich m ake up the F re n ch

R ed

C ro ss, has a d m in istered 796

hosp itals co n ta in in g 6 7,0 8 1 beds.

It is now organ isin g at

th at the “ P o rtu g a l ” in cid e n t was n ot th e m ain cau se o f

S a lo n ik a a h o sp ital o f 500 beds.

T h e train ed nurses o f

the break-up o f th e C o n fe re n ce .

P a rt o f th e program m e

th e

C o m m ittee s

servin g

for th e error.

H o w e v e r th at m ay be, it is q u ite p ro b a b le

was the a rran gin g o f In sp e ctio n C a m p s in th e b ellig eren t co u n tries.

for P riso n

T h e H u n g arian s and

S o cie ty in

n u m b er th e

15,000

M ilitary

o f w hom

H o sp ita ls.

ab ou t The

3,000

are

S o c ie ty ’s

p en d itu re has a m o u n ted to o ver thirty-tw o m illion francs.

June. i q i 6 .

W illiam

—

F I R S T

Humphris W inny, A.M.I.E.E.

M r . VV. H . W i n n y , w hose portrait we rep ro d u ce below , was a p p o in te d last m on th D e p u ty C o m m issio n er o f the N o. 1 D istrict o f th e B rig ad e. M r. W in n y has had a lo n g co n n e ctio n w ith the district, and his prom otion w ill be re ce iv e d with m uch p leasure by all th e m em bers o f the B rigad e, for, if we m ay say so, he is “ th e right m an in the right p la c e ,” an d u n d er his gu id an ce we feel co n fid en t the N o . 1 D istrict will forge a h ea d after the co n clu sio n o f the war. M r. W in n y first becam e asso cia ted with a m b u lan ce w ork m any years ago w hen he organ ised classes at the K in g E d w a rd In stitu te in E a st L o n d o n , and arran ged for m o n th ly p ra ctices for th o se w ho had o b tain ed certificates. L a te r he form ed the K in g E d w ard In stitu te D ivisio n , w hich su b seq u en tly b ecam e th e T o y n b e e H a ll D ivisio n . W h ilst

A I D .

227

—

a cte d as hon. secretary, a p o sitio n he c o n tin u e d to h o ld as lo n g as th e co n fe re n c es w ere h eld . M r. W in n y jo in e d th e H e a d q u a rte rs S ta ff in 18 9 7, and a b o u t th e sam e tim e b e ca m e an H o n . S e rv in g B r o th e r o f th e O rd er. In 1 9 1 5 he was p ro m o te d to th e g r a d e o f K n ig h t o f G ra ce. H e is a m e m b e r o f th e te c h n ic a l s ta ff o f th e G en eral P o s t O ffice a n d an A s s o c ia te M e m b e r o f th e In stitu tio n o f E le c tr ic a l E n g in e e rs, a n d it is g r a tify in g to n ote th at th e P o stm a ste r-G e n e ra l, in th e c irc u la r w h ich is sen t to e ve ry post office in G re a t B rita in an d Irela n d , c a lle d atten tio n to this p ro m o tio n . A m o n g st his o u tsid e a c tiv itie s h e was le c tu re r for ab o u t ten years at the N o rth a m p to n In s titu te P o ly te c h n ic on T e le g r a p h y and T e le p h o n y , etc. In 19 14 , w hen C o l. L e e s H a ll w as s e c o n d e d fo r service in th e p ro vin ces, M r. W in n y , w ith a sta ff m u ch d e p leted ow in g to th e war, to o k ch a rg e o f th e N o . 1 D istrict. In A u g u st, 19 1 5 , after th e d e a th o f C o l. L e e s H a ll, he was con firm ed in th e p o sitio n o f A c tin g D e p u ty C o m m issio n e r. In M a y o f this year he was a p p o in te d D e p u ty C o m m is sioner. In this war p eriod , o w in g to th e fa ct that m an y m en h ave been sen t to th e m ilitary an d n a v a l reserves, th e dis trict has been serio u sly h a n d ica p p e d . Y e t , in a d d ito n to carryin g o u t all th e o rd in a ry p u b lic d u tie s to th e sa tisfa c tion o f th e p o lic e au th o rities, it has b e en fo u n d p o ss ib le to o rgan ise a lo cal an d a c e n tra l air ra id s ch e m e to w ork in co n ju n ctio n w ith th e M e tro p o lita n P o lic e , a n d to k e e p a n igh t gu a rd o f a m b u la n ce m en e v e ry n ig h t at St. J o h n ’s G ate.

H ints for

H ospital

O rderlies.

By N. C O R B E T FLETCH ER. B .A ., M .B., B .C ., Can tab., M .R .C .S . A uthor o f “ A id s to F ir s t A i d “ A id s to H om e N u r s in g " and “ W hy and Wherefore in F r s t A id ." ( C o n tin u ed from page 2 10 .) C h a p t e r T h e

W illia m

H u m p h ris

W in n y ,

at T o y n b e e H a ll M r. W in n y threw his en ergies into the m any a ctiv ities o f that In stitu tio n . H e was a m em ber of the e x e cu tiv e o f the E d u c a tio n C o m m ittee , an d as secre tary o f th e S c ie n c e T e a c h in g C o m m itte e d e v o te d esp ecial attention to th e tea ch in g o f p h ysical scien ce. A s lo cal secretary for th e St. J oh n A m b u la n c e A sso cia tio n , he organ ised classes in F irst A id N u rsin g and H y g ie n e , so m e tim es as m any as six classes in a w inter session. He foun ded, an d was respo n sible for, th e T o y n b e e N u rsin g G uild, w h ich gave its services to the sick poor o f W h ite chapel. In 1896, w h en it was d e c id e d to h o ld a co n fe re n ce o f a m b u la n ce officers at N o rth a m p to n , M r. W . R . E d w ard s was ele cted hon. secretary, and M r. W in n y assistant secre tary. W h en th e co n fe re n ce was at L e ic e s te r M r. W in n y

m u st

I I I .— b e

C a r e

o f

c a r e f u l l y

W a r d .

W ATCHED.

is the p lace w here (as th e root m ean in g o f the w ord sign ifies the p atien ts are “ g u a r d e d ” an d w here th e C a r e a n d T r e a t m e n t o f t h e S ic k a n d W o u n d e d are carried out. T h e C h o ic e , P rep a ra tio n and F u rn ish in g o f th e W a rd are b e y o n d th e O rd e rly ’s ju risd ictio n ; b u t th e C le a n in g , W arm in g, V e n tila tio n an d ca re o f E q u ip m e n t rep resen t som e o f his m ost im p o rtan t d u ties and w ill o c c u p y a c o n sid erab le p ortion o f his tim e. A n O rd e rly , therefore, m ust ca re fu lly w atch the W. W a t e r - S u p p l y o f th e W a rd , w h ich m ust be clean, p u r e and p le n tifu l. W a ter is o n e o f th e essen tials o f life and is n ecessa ry for C o o k in g , W a sh in g, L in e n an d W a rd -W a sh ing, D rain a g e, & c ., & c ., for w h ich p u rp o ses— in d e p e n d e n t o f m u n icip al requirem ents-— it has been estim a ted that 1 6 g a llo n s per person , per day are n ecessary. T h e r e is little d ifferen ce b etw een th e a llo w an ce s o f civ ilia n an d m ilitary co m m u n ities. A n O rd e rly m ust p ro tect th e su p p ly o f w ater w h ich is easily contam inated, and, if re q u ired for d rin k in g , m ust n ot be le ft exposed in the W ard. F u rth er, w h ile h e tak es p recau tio n s to p reven t in fectio n , he m ust d o his b est to gu ard again st d a m ag e to the drains, resu ltin g from b lo c k a g e o f slop-sin ks, w ater-closets, & c ., by p ap er, d ress T h e

D eputy Com m issioner No. 1 District.

w a r d

W a r d

2 28

— F I R S T

ings, & c. In view o f this sp ecia l d u ty he sh o u ld alw ays b ear in m in d th e p o ssib le im p u rities o f w ater, w h ich m ay b e e ith er so lu b le or su sp en d ed . T

I m pu rities

ater.

(1 ) S o l u b l e — soda, lime, iron a n d lead salts. (2) S u s p e n d e d — i. G rit, sand, clay, m ud. ii. G erm s, e sp e cia lly th ose of E n te ric, D y se n tery , C h o lera . iii. P arasites, e.g., ro u n d , tape and th read w orm s. I t is n o te w o rth y that th e so lu b le su b stan ces (excep t lea d ) are u su ally h a r m le s s ; that grit, sand, & c., are in ju rio u s b y reason of m ech a n ica l irritation o f th e stom ach a n d b o w e l; an d th at th e m ost im p o rtan t so u rce o f dan ger is h u m an co n ta m in atio n . * * * ■ * ■ * A. A i r S u p p l y o f th e W a r d jw h ic h m ust also be clean, p u r e an d p len tifu l. L ik e the w ater, it is essential to life, b e ca u se — w ith ou t th e o x yg en it c o n ta in s — th e in ter-action o f the V ita l F u n ctio n s w ou ld be im p o ssible. T h u s, o x yg en is e xtra cted from th e air by the lun gs an d passed in to the b lood, w here it en ters in to ch e m ica l co m b in atio n w ith th e fo od elem en ts su p p lied th rou gh d ige stive th e organs — w ith th e result th a t th e h eat and en ergy o f th e b o d y are g en era ted an d sustain ed. In sick n ess th e V ita l F u n ctio n s are w orkin g u n der d ifficu lties an d th e need f o r p len ty op fr e s h a ir is all the greater, b e ca u s e — even in n orm al h e a lth — the co n tin u ed b re a th in g o f foul air, co 7nbined w ith excess op moisture an d heat, w ill lead to the d e ve lo p m e n t o f anaemia, p rogressive loss o f stren gth , p ro fo u n d w eakn ess, & c. T o th e O rd e rly , therefore, is d eta iled , un der th e S ister’s au th o rity, th e sp ecial d u ty o f arran gin g for the ren ew al o f the a ir o f th e W ard , viz., for V e n tila tio n , as it is ca lled . O n this a cco u n t he m ust fu lly a p p re cia te (1 ) th e p o ssib le im p u rities o f th e air in th e W ard , (2) the R u le s o f V e n tila tio n , an d (3) th e T e s t o f V e n tila tio n . (1 ) T

I m pu rities

in t h e

W ard.

A n O r d e r l y kn ow s t h e w h o le G R O U P o f Causes. G. G as. A s th e result o f th e C o m b u stio n o f fuel (e.g., co a l, gas, oil) used for h eatin g, ligh tin g, co o kin g, e tc., C a rbon ic A c id gas, dust, soot, & c ., are giv en o ff an d ren d er th e a tm o sp h e re im pure. R. R e sp iratio n . T h is is th e ch ie f so u rce o f Carbonic A c i d ; but th e heat an d moisture, w hich a cco m p a n y e ach a ct o f respiration , m ust n ot be forgotten as im p o rtan t cau ses o f co n ta m in atio n o f th e air. O. O r g a n i c M a t t e r , w h ich is b ein g co n sta n tly throw n o u t from th e lun gs, skin , teeth, & c., and assists in fo u lin g th e air o f th e W ard . U. U n cle a n lin e ss o f P erso n and C lo th in g . The grea ter th e n e g le ct o f these, th e greater th e a c c u m u lation o f d irt, d ried sweat, & c., and th e m ore m ark ed th e co n ta m in atio n o f the air. T h e w eek ly ch a n ge o f u n d e rclo th es, th erefo re, is as im p o rtan t as the d a ily bath or sp o n gin g o f th e bo d y. P. P ersp ira tio n . E x u d a tio n an d eva p o ratio n are alw ays ta k in g p la ce from th e skin , an d in co n se q u e n ce m oisture (co m b in e d w ith heat) is alw ays b ein g a d d ed to th e cau ses o f co n ta m in atio n o f the air. (2) T h e R u l e s o f V e n t i l a t i o n . T h e aim o f V e n tila tio n is to p reven t th e p rop ortion o f C a rb o n ic A c id in the air o f th e W a rd from risin g a b o v e 6 parts in 10,000— w ith ou t lo w erin g th e T e m p e ra tu re b elo w 60 degs. F ah r. F o r this p u rp o se exp erim en ts h ave show n

AID. -

June, 1916.

th at 3000 c u b ic feet o f fresh air per person per h o u r are n ecessary. T h e A i r o f t h e W a r d m ust be P U R E . B rie fly sum m arised, th e R u le s o f V e n tila tio n are— Open the w indow s a n d sh u t the doors, and th ey m ay be sch e d u le d as follo w s :— P.

T h e air m ust be P u r e in q u a lity . T h e extern al atm o sp h ere p ro vid es th e p urest air and sh o u ld be a d m itte d th rou gh th e w indow s. B e in g co ld e r than th e in tern al air, it m ust be w arm ed on entry. In som e w ards w here th e h eatin g is by th e cen tral, hot-w ater system th e p ipes are p lace d below th e w indow s.

U p w a r d in d irectio n . In som e w ards th e su p ply o f air is regu lated by artificial m eth ods. In others, n atural ven tila tio n is utilised, as in a d w ellin g house, an d th e en terin g air is d ire cte d upw ards eith er by the H in c k e ’s B ird b lo ck p la ce d b en eath th e low er sash or by th e H o p p e r sash-lights situ ate d in th e up p er sash. B y th ese m eans th e air is w arm ed and d raugh ts are p reven ted.

R e d u c e d i n R a t e o f entry. T o o rap id en try o f the air results in d raughts, w h ich can be re m e d ied e ith er by e n largin g the o p en in g (e.g., the w in d o w ) or b y brea k in g the current o f air en terin g (e.g., several poin ts o f entry).

E x p e lle d t h r o u g h E x its. T h e E x it (n o less than th e E n try ) o f air m ust re ce ive atten tio n , and the ch im n e ys (th ro u gh w hich th ere is a t the outset a dow nw ard esca p e o f foul air) and th e ven tilators (w hich p ro vid e throughout an upw ard esca p e) m ust be alw ays k e p t open.

(3) T h e T e s t o f V e n t i l a t i o n . A clo se or stuffy W ard is d u e either to o verh ea tin g or to im p u rities o f the atm o sp h ere. B y lo o k in g at th e room th erm o m eter, th e O rd e rly can at o n ce d em o n strate th e fo rm er cause, and h e ca n q u ic k ly p ro ve th e latter by g o in g in to th e fresh air for five m in utes an d by return in g direct to th e ward. T . T e m p e r a t u r e o f W ard, w hich sh o u ld be m ain tain ed d a y and n igh t at 60 degs. F ah r., an d sh o u ld be c h e c k e d by freq u en t referen ce to th e th erm o m eter. T h e co m p lete d iscu ssio n on this p oin t is deferred until th e p ro b lem o f H e a tin g th e W a rd is review ed. * * * * * C. C l e a n l i n e s s o f th e W ard , w ith o u t w h ich any treatm en t o f th e p atients w ill avail little. T h e o u tstan d in g p ro o f o f its in estim ab le va lu e has a lrea d y been q u o te d in th e n arration o f th e w ork o f F lo re n ce N ig h tin g a le in th e C rim ea . F urth er, in H o sp ita ls ban efu l germ s can a n d do flourish, as is show n b y th e fact that, p revious to the in tro duction o f antiseptics, it was safer for a w om an to be d e live red in th e b a ck slum s rather than to seek a d m issio n to th e lyin g -in hosp itals o f th e city. T h e dangers o f In fe c tio n va ry w ith (1 ) the reserve stren gth o f th e in d ivid u a l an d (2) the n u m b er an d viru le n ce o f th e germ s o f in fectio n . T h e re fo re , in th e P r e v e n t i o n o f D i s e a s e our o b je cts are to in crease th e first-nam ed and to d e stro y (if w e can) th e seco n d . In certain diseases, i.e., S m a ll P o x , D ip h th e ria an d E n te ric F e v e r w e can directly a u gm en t th e resistin g p o w er o f th e in d iv id u a l b y p re ve n ta tive in n o cu la tio n ; but in the m ajority o f d iseases we ca n o n ly do this in d ire ctly b y m easures d irected to su stain in g th e p atie n t's strength, o f w h ich C le a n lin e ss is th e m ost im p ortan t. C l e a n l i n e s s o f t h e W a r d m ust b e e x te n d e d to its

June,

1916.

— FIRST

ann exes (viz,, th e bath room and lavatories) and is p ro cu red b y carefu l dusting o f the floor, beds, tables, & c., o n ce daily a n d b y scrubbing th e floor, w oodw ork, furniture, & c ., o n ce a w eek. T h e re are th ree p o ten t foes to the C le an lin e ss o f a W ard , viz., d u st, flies an d im p rop er d isp o sa l o f refuse. (1).

D u st.

B u lk y furniture, carpets, curtains, p ictures and o rn a m ents are e x clu d e d from the W ard because th ey co lle ct an d h arb o u r dust, dim in ish air sp ace, and n ecessitate in creased lab ou r in clean in g , & c. A i r is infectious by reason o f dust. T o this en d the d u stin g is effected by m eans o f clo th s w rung o u t o f an tisep tic solution . I f this is n ot done, then the d ust an d germ s are scattered far and w ide so that efforts for go o d result in evil. (2).

F lies.

C lo s e ly related to the d ust p roblem is the risk o f in fe ctio n by flies,, w h ich p rop agate in filth and co n stitu te a very real dan g er to th e W ards. F lie s infect food . T h ere fore, all fo o d — e sp e cia lly m ilk an d w ater— is e x clu d ed from th e w ard e x ce p t at m eal tim es or if required for cases o f u rgen cy is kep t in vessels w ith close-fittin g lids. (3).

D is p o s a l o f Refuse.

L a stly , th e m eth ods o f rem o val o f refuse from the W a rd m erit th e ca refu l a tten tio n o f th e O rd erly, because any risk o f sp read in g in fe ctio n w ill be th e re b y m inim ised. T h e R u le s for th e D isp o sa l o f R e fu se in vo lve :— 1., th e carefu l sep aration o f liq u id and solid refuse. 11., th e co n sisten t use o f co vers for all receptacles. 111., th e sy ste m atic and frequen t cle aran ce o f the refuse. T h e grea ter the n eg le ct o f th ese sim p le R u le s, the m ore im m in en t are th e dangers o f in fectio n and the risks o f a p lag u e o f flies. F o r sim ilar reasons the lavatories n ecessitate on the part o f the O rd e rly a tte n tive supervision in th eir care an d cle a n lin e ss— the c h ie f points bein g caution in use an d flushin g, th e a vo id a n ce o f b lo ck a g e by large p ieces o f to ilet paper, and the p eriod ical clean in g o f w o o d w ork an d fittings. * * * * *

229

AID.—

tim es p ro te ct— rep o rtin g if n ece ssa ry a n y w ilfu l d a m a g e or m is-handling. T h e sam e d u ty a p p lies (in th e a b se n c e o f th e Sister) to th e p erso n al e q u ip m e n t o f a p atie n t w h o is to o ill to a tten d to this. F urth er, th e O rd e rly m ust at o n c e re m o v e from th e W ard an d e x ch a n g e a n y s o iled lin en , b e d d in g a n d c lo th ing, and return to th e p ro p er p la ce a ll m e d ica l b o ttle s w h ich are e ith er em p ty or co n ta in m e d icin e w h ich has been o m itte d by th e m ed ical o ffice r’s in stru ctio n s. * * * * * D. D be carried out.

o f th e W a rd w hen this d u ty has to D isin fe ctio n is a m ost esse n tia l step in th e P r e v e n t i o n o f D i s e a s e an d is th e d e stru ctio n o f th e in fectio n w hich transm its d iseases. I t is effected eith er by H e a t or by C hem icals— vapour o r liquid. A D isin fe cta n t destroys germ s and m ust b e d istin g u ish e d from an A n tisep tic, w h ich o n ly retards the gro w th o f germ s and a D e o d o ra n t w h ich m erely conceals the sm ell o f products o f germ s. In m ost in sta n ce s e v e ry th in g d e p e n d s on th e strength o f th e so lu tion used. T h u s , th e S o lu tio n o f C re s o l (otherwise know n as L y so l) m ay be used in va ryin g strengths ( e . g , 1-40, 1-80) an d w ill serve as d isin fe cta n t or an tisep tic. F u rth er, it is a d e o d o ra n t. A n O rd e rly , th e re fore, m ust a p p recia te th e S o u rces o f In fe ctio n as w ell as th e R u le s an d O b je c ts o f D isin fe ctio n . (1)

is in f e c t io n

Sources

I n f e c t io n .

In fe ctio n is th e transm ission o f d isease w h ich m ay tak e p lace th rou gh th e R e sp ira to ry (e.g., M e asles, S ca rle t F ever), th e D ig e stiv e (e.g., E n te ric F ev er, D y s e n te ry ) or th e C ircu la to ry (e.g., M alaria, P la g u e ) system s. (T o be continued).

The Minor D iscom forts of W ar. By

CORPS

S U R G E O N J. H E N T O N M .D ., F .R .C .S ., E d i n .

W H IT E ,

P r o b a b l y at no tim e w ith in re ce n t years has th at lo a th H. H e a t i n g o f a W ard , w hich is clo s e ly related to som e an d irritatin g d isease co m m o n ly k n o w n as “ th e itc h ” the ven tilation an d m ust be so re g u lated that a uniform been m ore p revalen t than at th e p resen t tim e — m ilitary d egree o f tem p eratu re is m aintained. hosp ital nurses, d o cto rs, V .A .D . m em bers, an d even T h e H e a tin g m ay be effected by op en coal-fires, by the gen eral p u b lic are a tta ck e d in d iscrim in ately . gas stoves o r b y hot-w ater pipes. W h ere coal-fires are O u r troops in th e tren ch es are, in so m e lo calities, used, it is th e d u ty o f the O rd e rly to u n d ertak e both the in fested by the it c h - m it e ; th ey carry them h o m e w hen keeping up o f the fir e s a n d the constant supply o f fu el. A s is in va lid ed or on furlo u gh , an d m ites are d issem in a te d in w ell kn ow n , th e heat and ligh t em itted by coal-fires are the tram s and railw ay carriages. result o f the co m b in atio n o f o xyg en o f th e air and gases in Su ch b ein g th e ca se it m ay b e in terestin g to stu d y th e the co al, so that th e m ore co m p lete th e co m b u stio n the life h istory o f th e S arco p tes S c a b e i— this b ein g the scie n greater th e heat. T h e fires, therefore, m ust be carefu lly tific n am e w ith w h ich the itch -m ite is en d o w ed . b a n k ed up w ith large lum ps o f co al, w hich sh o u ld be set in W h en seen u n der th e m icrosco p e, for to th e n ak ed p o sitio n w ith gloved h a n d a n d w ith their g ra in vertical, in eye th e y are a lm ost in visib le, th ese little anim als such a w ay that th e esca p in g gases m ay be co n su m ed by resem b le g ro te sq u e to r t o is e s ; th ey possess e ig h t legs th e flam es. arran ged in p a ir s : th e tw o front pairs are clo s e to th e G a s - f i r e s , in w h ich th o ro u g h ly co n su m ed gas heats h ead an d p o in t forw ards ; the tw o h in d er pairs are a tta ch e d pieces o f asbestos, resem b le coal-fires in th eir ch eerfu l to th e b a ck part o f th e a b d o m en and p oin t backw ard s. a sp ect and in h eatin g the W ard by radiation , T h e y are clean, In the m ale, w h ich is sm aller than th e fem ale, th e labour-saving a n d convenient, but th ey require carefu l regu th ird pair o f legs en d in hairs, th e o th er th ree pairs term i lation b e cau se th e y ten d to rob the air o f m oisture an d are n ate in th e su ck ers, w h ich e n a b les th e m ite to c lin g to his exp en sive in up keep . host. In th e fem ale the tw o an terio r pairs o f legs are p ro T h e c h ie f a d va n ta ges o f c e n t r a l h e a t i n g b y hot-w ater v id ed w ith su ck ers, th e h in d er pairs en d in g in hairs. pipes are th at th e y do n ot use up th e air o f th e w ater or W h en first h a tch e d th e m ale an d fem ale w an d er on the give o ff harm ful p ro d u cts o f co m b u stio n . su rfa ce o f th e skin until pairing has tak en p lace. A t this * * * * * p erio d th ey are easily go t rid o f b y w ash in g a n d ch a n g in g E. E q u i p m e n t o f the W ard , for th e cleanliness and good the clo th es, but in tren ch life th ese luxuries o f civ ilisa tio n order o f w h ich he is resp o n sib le an d w h ich he m ust at all are on o cca sio n s u n o b ta in a b le for m a n y c o n se c u tiv e days.

23°

— F I R S T

A fte r p airin g th e m ale soon dies ; the fem ale, how ever, begin s to burrow u n d er th e skin o f her host, m in in g her w ay b e n e ath th e su rface ju st as her host is m in ing his way tow ards th e tren ch es o f th e en em y. A s she burrow s she lays her eggs b e h in d h e r— th o se laid first are th erefo re n earer th e o p en in g in to the burrow , and as th e m ites hatch

A I D

—

June, 1916.

I f a fine n ee d le be in serted in to a burrow and forced upw ards throu gh th e skin, the S a rco p tes m ay be extracted on its p oin t an d exa m in ed u n d er the m icrosco p e. T h e itch-m ite also a ttacks th e horse, cow , sheep and dog, an d it m ay be from th ese anim als that the in fectio n is first carried in rare cases. U su ally , how ever, in co m p an y o f m en, o n e or m ore un fo rtu n ate in d ivid u a ls harbour m ites, a n d un der trench co n d itio n s en o u g h are soon h a tch ed to d istrib u te w idely. P

Itch-mite in burrow— Eggs left behind as she advances. Black dots represent excreta. o u t th ey craw l on to the su rface o f th e skin an d m ake way for th eir ju n io rs to follow . j y T h e fem ale m ite lays o n e or tw o eggs per day ; the e ggs are, co m p ared w ith th e size o f the m ite, enorm ou s, b ein g a b o u t a third the m o th er’s dim ension s. L a y in g co n tin u es for as lo n g as three m onths, so that the pow ers for o ffen sive o f a sin gle fertilised fem ale itch-m ite are c o n siderable. T h e m ite burrow s best w hen th e skin is w arm , h en ce th e irritation is w orse w hen the host is warm before a fire or is co ve re d up in bed. S le ep is thus p reven ted and the n ervo us system upset. A s th e m ite is egg-sh aped, with th e legs p o in tin g b a c k w ards an d forw ards, she ca n n o t turn ro u n d in her burrow w hen she has co m p lete d her m atern al fu n ction s, so she d ies at the far e n d o f her burrow at the post o f duty. T h e fingers, feet, and low er parts o f the tru nk are the

Female of Sarcoptes Scabei.— Under surface of mite, showing four eggs within body. Note suckers on front pairs of legs and bristles on hinder pairs. parts o f th e b o d y m ost affected by the itch-m ite, the face u su a lly escap ing. T h e co n tin u a l irritation an d co n se q u e n t scratch in g m ay p ro d u ce an eczem ato u s co n d itio n o f th e body, so o b scu rin g th e tiny burrow s w h ich o th erw ise can be seen by th e u n aid ed e ye ben eath th e surface o f th e skin.

r e v e n t i o n

F u m ig atio n o f the in fected clo th es w ith super-heated steam in “ T h re s h ” travellin g d isinfectors. W ell scru b th e b o d y in a h ot bath with p len ty o f soft soap, and follow up w hen dry with a g o o d ru b b in g o f sulp hur oin tm en t. R e p e a t this for th ree or four co n se cu tiv e days. A s sulphur is irritating to th e skin this treatm ent m ay aggravate the ecze m a sligh tly, but w hen the m ites are k ille d a cu re sp eed ily results. L ittle bags o f sulp hur w orn ab ou t the b o d y are effec tive in k e ep in g aw ay m ites.

Railway Jlmbulance. S .E . & C R .— A large n um ber o f m em bers and friends o f th e L a d ie s ’ A m b u la n ce C la ss at S w an ley a tten d ed a so cial gath erin g rece n tly in the S w an ley C o n greg atio n a l L e c tu re H a ll, w here an id e ally in terestin g vo ca l and instru m ental p rogram m e was carried throu gh an d m uch ap p re ciated . D u rin g the eve n in g M rs. Stares, w ife o f the m edical lectu rer o f th e class, d istrib u ted certificates gain ed by th e m em bers. In the aftern oon o f th e sam e day, the m em bers o f the class and friends en tertain ed th e w ou n d ed soldiers quartered at th e K e ttle w e ll C o n v a le sce n t H o m e , Sw an ley. T h e 70 guests sp en t an e n jo y a b le tim e, an d after various m usical item s had been go n e th rou gh, were given a m eat tea. T h e p ro ceed s o f the social, w hich was in every w ay a huge success, w ere d e vo ted to the St. Joh n H o sp ita l A m b u la n ce B rig a d e in F ran ce. M iss E th e l C . B u ck in g h a m , the secretary o f the class, an d her hard-w orking com m ittee, are to be h eartily co n gra tu la ted on the results o f their efforts. O n Su n d a y, 2 1st M ay, 150 m em bers o f the N o s. 1, 2 and 4, S .E . & C .R . C e n tre A m b u la n c e C o rp s a tten d ed a C h u rch P a rad e at St. G a b r ie l’s C h u rch , W arw ick-square, S .W ., h e ad ed by the S p rin gfield H a ll P rize B an d . T h e w h o le o f the m en w ere in uniform an d p resen ted a very sm art app earan ce. T h e serm on was d e live red by the V ica r, the R e v. C a n o n M orris, D .D ., w ho, in his discourse, gave a b rief history o f the O rd er o f St. J oh n ge n era lly and the S .E . & C .R . C e n tre o f the A sso cia tio n in p articular. T h e flag o f the O rd er was h u n g from the screen and th e pulp it was d rap ed with th e flag bearing th e eight-p oin ted cross. T h e cerem o n y was a very im p ressive one, an d this was ad d ed to by th e band p layin g th e N a tio n al A n th e m at the co n clu sio n o f the service. T h e w h o le of the p ro ceed s o f th e co llectio n w ere d e v o ted to th e fun ds o f th e B rig a d e H o sp ita l in F ran ce. T h a t a m b u la n ce w ork on this railw ay co n tin u es to progress is e v id e n ce d by the fact that d u rin g the last 12 m on th s new corp s h ave been fo rm ed at C h ath a m . H a stin gs, and F aversh am , w h ilst th ere has been a m arked in crease in th e m em bersh ip o f th e existin g corps. M em bers o f th ese co rp s a tten d th e a m b u la n ce trains on arrival and assist in u n lo ad in g, and are d o in g a very e x ce lle n t w ork in a q u iet way.

June,

1916.

— F I R S T

St. John ^Ambulance dissociation. B IE N N IA L

REPORT.

T h e recen tly-issu ed rep ort o f th e C en tral E x ecu tiv e C o m m itte e o f th e a b ove-n am ed organ isatio n for th e tw o years en d ed 30th S ep tem b er, 19 15 , m akes very in terestin g reading, illu stratin g as it does th e p ion eer w ork o f n early 40 years p erfected in tim e o f p eace, and thus en a b lin g the A m b u la n ce D e p artm en t o f the O rd er to co p e with any and every e m ergen cy . E s p e cia lly has this been the ca se in the p resen t w orld-w ide war, w hen every effort has been su b je c te d to th e severest test with th e result o f affording legitim ate an d lastin g satisfaction to th ose w ho have w atch ed an d fostered th e grow th o f th e great w ork, and will co n stitu te in its e lf a fittin g rew ard for the un w earying labou rs o f all w ho h ave been en gaged in it. T h e rep ort o b serves th at the present, how ever, is not th e first o cca sio n upon w hich the A m b u la n ce D ep artm en t has been ab le to offer its resources to th e State, for in the E gy p tian W ar o f 1882, and in th e N ile C a m p aig n o f 1885, a m b u la n ce m aterials an d com forts for the sick and w ou nded were su p p lied from St. J o h n ’s G ate. L a te r ca m e th e South A frica n W ar (18 9 9 -19 0 2 ) w hen th e St. Joh n A m b u la n ce A ss o cia tio n 'w a s en tru sted by the C en tral B ritish R e d C ro ss C o m m itte e with the entire arran gem en ts for the d esp atch o f stores and m ed ical and o th er com forts from its special w arehou se in T o o ley -street. D u rin g th e S o u th A frica n C a m p aig n and th e C h in e se W ar o f the sam e period th e St. Joh n A m b u la n ce B rig ad e su p p lied the R o y a l A rm y M e d ica l C o rp s w ith betw een 2,000 and 3,000 hospital orderlies, upw ards o f 70 o f w hom laid dow n their lives in the service o f their S o vereign and coun try. W h en it is born e in m ind the very large n um bers, re ck o n ed by thousan ds, o f m em bers o f th e B rigad e, in clu d in g n ursin g sisters, m em bers o f V o lu n ta ry A id D etach m en ts an d a m b u la n ce m en o f all ranks, w ho have been, an d still are, servin g in alm ost all parts o f the world, it m ust b e a ck n o w le d g e d that the p erso n n el o f the A m b u la n ce D e p artm en t is carryin g out its d u ty in a p atriotic m anner w orthy o f all praise. T h e lib eral do n atio n s re ce ive d in aid o f a m b u la n ce w ork o f th e O rd er during the p resen t war h a ve been the so u rce o f co n sid era b le gratifi cation . T h e C o m m itte e regret the resign ation o f L ie u t.-C o l. Sir R ich a rd C . T e m p le , B t., C .I .E ., from th e a pp o in tm en t o f A ssistan t D irecto r and D e p u ty C h airm an , a p osition he has filled with d istin ctio n for the past 12 years. T h e retirem en t o f C o l. Sir H e rb e rt C . P erro tt, B t. C .B ., from th e post o f C h ie f Secretary o f th e A m b u la n ce D e p a rt m ent has also been a cau se o f m uch regret. T h a t the A sso cia tio n has attain ed to the position it now ho lds as the p ion eer o f first aid to the injured, and to the system o f in struction it o rigin ated has been a d o p te d in p ra ctically every quarter o f the civ ilise d glo b e, m ay u n d o u b ted ly be attri bu ted in a great m easure to Sir H e rb e rt P e rro tt’s u n stin ted labou rs, e x te n d in g o ver a period o f n early forty years. T h e G ra n d Prior has ap p o in ted M a jo r W . O . P rich ard , late S o u th W ales B ord erers, w ho was w o u n d ed in the battle o f th e A isn e and in cap a cita ted from furth er service, to be ch ie f secretary o f tb e A m b u la n ce D ep artm en t in Sir H e rb e rt’s stead. T h e p eriod d ealt with b y the rep ort has n ot u n n aturally brou ght a b o u t a v e ry great in crease in th e activ ities o f the A sso cia tio n . N o b etter e v id e n ce o f this is n eed ed than the fact that apart from th e M e d allio n s and L a b e ls, nearly 1 38,038 C e rtificate s w ere issued in the year en d in g S e p

AID. —

Z3 1

tem ber 30th, 1 9 1 5 , as co m p a re d w ith 57 972 in 1 9 1 2 -1 3 A very gratify in g feature o f th is in cre a se d a c tiv ity lies in tn e fact that it is n o t lim ited to a n y p a rticu la r area, but e x te n d s to all parts o f the E m p ire , a n d w h erev er c e n tre s h a v e b e en esta b lish ed th e w ork o f th e A s s o c ia tio n has been p ro se cu te d with e ver-gro w in g e n ergy . O n e in sta n ce a m o n g m a n y m ust suffice. In th e N e w S o u th W a les C e n tre , in 1 9 1 3 , the aw ards gra n ted b y th e A s s o c ia tio n n u m b e re d 9 0 1. In 19 1 5 th e y n u m b e re d 7,898. H o w great a part in m ilitary in stu c tio n F irst A id , as ad vo ca ted by the A ss o cia tio n for so m a n y years, is d e stin e d to play, is e v id e n ce d by the fact th at th e M in iste r o f M ilitia in C a n a d a has issu ed in stru ctio n s th at all n ew troop s u n d ergo in g tra in in g for the E x p e d itio n a ry F o r c e sh a ll be tau gh t th e p rin cip les o f first a id u n d e r a rra n g e m e n ts m a d e by th e C a n a d ia n b ran ch o f th e A ss o cia tio n . O n th e re co m m en dation o f H is R o y a l H ig h n e s s th e G ra n d P rio r, G o ve rn o r G en era l o f th e D o m in io n s, th e c o p y rig h t o f th e official tex t-b o o k has been w aived by th e C h a p te r G e n e ra l in o rder that in stru ctio n m ay be th e m ore e fficie n tly c a r ried out. T h u s has first a id b e co m e an in tegral and official part o f m ilitary in stru ctio n in th e D o m in io n o f C a n ad a . T h e h e av y resp o n sib ilities u n d e rta k e n b y th e A s s o ciatio n and B rig a d e w ill be a p p re cia te d w hen it is stated th at th ere are no few er than 200 St. J o h n H o sp ita ls, w ith an a ggregate o f 9,300 beds, ap a rt from th e B r ig a d e H o s p ita l at E ta p les w hich, w ith its 520 b ed s, m ay, w ith p a rd o n a b le p ride, be regard ed as a m odel o f efficien cy. In th e early part o f S e p te m b er, 19 14 , th e offers o f gifts and loans o f m o to r cars a n d m o to r a m b u la n ce s assu m ed su ch p ro p o rtio n s as to n ece ssita te th e o p e n in g o f a sp ecial d epartm en t. L o rd N o rrey s k in d ly u n d e rto o k the du ties o f C h airm an o f th e M o to r C o m m itte e , a n d d e v o te d h im se lf to th e w ork un til O c to b e r 1 9 1 5 , w hen he re ce iv e d a m ilitary ap p o in tm en t. T h e w ork has still b een co n tin u e d un der th e d irectio n o f th e E a rl o f R a n fu rly , a ssisted by M r. F. S. P h illip s. N o t o n ly w ere a large n u m b e r o f a m b u la n ces su p p lie d to th e W ar O ffice for th e B ritish troop s at th e F ron t, but a large c o n v o y was sent, jo in tly w ith th e In d ia n S o ld ie rs ’ F u n d , for the sp ecia l use o f In d ia n troop s, w hile cars w ere also d e ta ile d for th e use o f th e sp ecia l hosp itals a ssig n ed to them in E n g la n d . M a n y a m b u la n ce s w ere sen t to hosp itals w h ich at th e b e g in n in g o f th e war w ere esta b lish ed by vo lu n ta ry effort in F ra n ce, a n d a large n u m b er are n ow ren d erin g in va lu a b le service w ith th e B elgian s. T h e rep ort co n ta in s a len g th y list o f d o n o rs and len d ers o f am b u la n ce s for w ar p urp oses, an d in clu d e s th e n am es o f co n trib u to rs o f fun ds for th e p u rch ase o f a m b u lan ces. C o n tin u in g , the rep ort a n n o u n ces that at th e an n u al m eetin g o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e A ss o cia tio n in In d ia, h eld at Sim la, H is E x c e lle n c y th e V ic e r o y stated th at 3 I lakh s o f ru pees h a d been c o lle c te d , w h ile gifts an d m aterial to th e valu e o f a fu rth er 10 la kh s had b een d istrib u ted . T h e A sso cia tio n h ad raised a fleet of 14 m otor a m b u la n ce s and p ro vid ed th e p erso tm el for a m b u la n ce d u ties. H is E x c e lle n c y a lso referred to th e fact that the su cce ss o f the A ss o cia tio n was d u e to p erso n al effort, a n d p aid a trib u te to th e lib era lity o f th e R u lin g C h ie fs o f In d ia , w ho h ad n o t o n ly co n trib u te d la rgely, but, in so m e in stan ces, had o rg an ised cen tres in th e ir States. H e drew sp ecia l a tten tio n to the u n p aralleled ge n ero sity o f H is H ig h n ess th e M a h a ra ja S cin d ia , and a n n o u n ced that H is H ig h n e s s th e M a h a ra ja o f Jaip u r had sen t a d o n atio n o f 5,000 ru pees to be a llo ca te d as H is E x c e lle n c y th o u g h t fit. T h is n o b le co n trib u tio n w ou ld be d e v o te d to th e m a in te n a n ce o f bed s at

—

232

F I R S T

D e h ra D u n W a r H o sp ita l. A n u m b er o f o th er in terestin g features figu red in th e V ic e r o y ’s sp eech . T h e E x e c u tiv e su bm it a len g th y list o f adm ission s to g rad es o f th e O rd er, also p ro m o tio n s in re co g n itio n o f lo n g a n d v a lu e d services o f th e St. Joh n A m b u la n c e A sso cia tio n , a n d d e a l so m ew h at e x h a u s tiv e ly w ith rep orts from the n u m ero u s C e n tre s in th e U n ite d K in g d o m and th e overseas D o m in io n s. M a tters o f a fin a n cial ch a ra cter are also su b m itted, to g e th er w ith a full list o f ho n o rary life m em bers. A n a lp h a b e tica l list o f C e n tre s o f th e A sso cia tio n follow s, g iv in g d ate o f fo rm ation an d n am es o f presid en ts, ch airm en a n d h o n o rary secretaries. W ith referen ce to th e T e rrito ria l B ran ch , it is stated th at d u rin g the past tw o years satisfactory progress has been m ade. T h e a ctiv ities o f its V o lu n ta ry A id D etach m en ts sin ce th e o u tb re a k o f war h a ve been e xce p tio n al, an d reflect m ost cre d ita b ly on its p rom oters and w orkers. T h e r e are n ow 298 d e ta ch m en ts w ith a to tal stren gth o f 9,429 m em bers (2,009 m en a ° d 7i 4 20 w om en). T h e W ar O ffice is u tilisin g the services o f w om en V .A .D . m em bers in a va riety o f w ays, and th ere are m any o th er sp heres o f a ctiv ity in w h ich th ese m em bers are w orkin g. S in ce A u g u st, 1 9 1 5 , th e T e rrito ria l B ran ch has su p p le m e n ted the N a v a l an d M ilitary R e serv e s o f the St. Joh n A m b u la n c e B rig ad e, by w h ich 1,4 69 m en h ave been su p p lied for ser v ic e in the R .A .M .C . at h o m e an d ab ro ad an d 240 for ser v ic e w ith the m e d ica l unit, R o y a l N a v a l D ivisio n . In Irela n d th ere are 12 9 V o lu n ta ry A id D etach m en ts w ith a to tal p erso n n el o f 3,400 m em bers. T w o auxiliary h o sp itals in th e C o u n ty o f D u b lin (each o f 20 beds) are staffed en tirely b y St. J oh n V o lu n ta ry A id D etach m en ts, an d h ave been m ade full use o f by the m ilitary authorities. Irish W o m e n ’s D e ta ch m en ts, to th e n u m b er o f 1 1 5 m em bers, h a ve been p o sted for d u ty in m ilitary hosp itals at h o m e an d abro ad . A grea t deal m ore is fo rth co m in g with referen ce to the T errito ria l B ran ch , w h ich sup plies a store o f in form ation o f th e progress o f this section . St. John

A m bulance

B r ig a d e .

A c c o rd in g to th e rep ort o f th e C h ie f C o m m issio n er, from O c to b e r 1st, 19 1 3 , to S e p te m b er 30th, 1 9 1 5 , the B rig a d e has g a in ed co n sid e ra b ly in stren gth d u rin g the in terim . T h e fo llo w in g new units h ave been form ed, viz. : 14 c o r p s ; 197 a m b u la n ce d iv is io n s ; 13 a m b u la n ce se c tio n s, an d 182 n ursin g division s, m akin g a to tal o f n early 8,000 n ew personnel. T h e stren gth o f th e B rig a d e on S e p te m b er 30th last w a s : corps, 81 ; a m b u la n ce division s, 887 ; n ursin g division s, 443 ; perso n n el, m en, 36,348 ; w om en , 1 7 ,0 7 3 ; total, 5 3 ,4 2 1. R e g re t is exp ressed at th e loss by d eath o f E d m u n d O w en , E sq ., L L .D ., F .R .C .S ., surgeon-in-chief, St. Joh n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e ; L t.-C o l. J. L e e s H a ll, D e p u ty C o m m issioner, N o . 1 D is t r ic t ; an d M a jo r P. Sh ew ell, A ssistan t C o m m issio n e r, N o . 2 D istrict. S ir W illia m H e n ry B e n n ett, K .C .V .O ., F .R .C .S ., has b een a p p o in te d su rgeo n -in -ch ief in p la ce o f th e firstnam ed. In respon se to the orders re ce iv e d from the A d m ira lty an d W a r O ffice at variou s p eriod s sin ce A u g u st 1st, 19x4, th e B rig a d e N a v a l an d M ilitary R e serve s h ave been ex c e e d in g ly activ e. T h e totals su p p lied to D e ce m b e r 3 ist, 1 9 1 5 , s h o w : N a v a l au th o rities, 3 ,4 12 ; M ilitary authorities, 1 5 ,9 9 5 ; p riv ate h osp itals, ships, & c ., 3 2 8 ; J o in t C o m m ittee, O rd e r o f St. J oh n an d B ritish R e d C ro ss S o c ie ty — o rd erlies su p p lie d for service a b ro a d — 323 ; total, 20,058. T h e St. J o h n V o lu n ta ry A id D e ta ch m en ts (B riga d e) h a v e also co m e o u t stron g an d a cco m p lish e d som e g o o d w ork. B y th e efforts o f the B rig ad e, assisted by friends

A I D .

June, 1916.

—

and w ell-w ishers, a G en eral H o sp ita l has b een e stab lish ed in F ra n ce w ith 520 beds to be fully equ ip p ed , officered an d m aintained out o f the su b scrib e d fun ds. T h e w ork that has up to th e presen t been d o n e by this H o sp ita l is a ck n o w le d g e d to be seco n d to n on e in F ran ce. S everal o th er m atters are d ealt w ith in this report, in clu d in g the R o ll o f H o n o u r statistics. T h e rep ort says : — In view o f th e fact that o ver 20,000 B rig ad e m en are servin g w ith H is M a je sty ’s F o rces, th e n u m ber o f deaths (79) rep o rted to date, th o u gh d e e p ly regretted , can n o t be co n sid ered as excessive, b u t it leaves no d o u b t as to th e dan g er to w h ich th ese m en are exp o sed. T h e B arn oldsw ick D iv isio n (N o . 5 D istrict) suffered very h eavily in the early days o f th e war, w hen th ey lost tw elve o f their m em bers w ho were servin g on th e H o sp ita l S h ip “ R o h illa .” T h is was a very h eavy blow to th e D iv isio n , esp e cially as they h ad o n ly been registered a short time. A co m p lete list o f casualties, as rep orted to date, is a tta ch ed as an app en dix.

R eview s. H O M E N U R S IN G . By E dith N ewsom e, M .R .B .N .A . London : T h e Scientific Press, Ltd. P rice 2s. 6d. net. T h e author’s object and reason for writing this book are based upon experience gained in her work o f giving lectures to various Voluntary A id Detachm ents, and it com prises lec tures on all points mentioned in the British Red Cross So ciety’s Syllabus on H om e N ursing. It is a closely printed book of 160 pages and contains much valuable in formation. F o r th e benefit o f th e funds o f th e B ritish R e d C ro ss S o cie ty and the O rd er o f St. Joh n o f Jerusalem a song en titled “ M a rch in g F orw ard ” is p u b lish ed by F. W h ea tley, John-street, Stro u d , G lo u cestersh ire. T h e w ords by Sir R ich a rd T e m p le express the n ational spirit w ith ou t b o m bast, and th e m usic by the H o n . M rs. T e n n a n t is a go o d sw in gin g m elod y, w ith a su ggestio n o f folk-song w h ich will ensure its im m ed iate adoption.

HORLICK’S M ALTED

♦ • 4 4 4 4 4 )

MILK

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S IN G . C o n ta in s a ll th e fo o d v a lu e o f p u r e fu ll-c re a m m ilk e n ric h e d a n d m o d ifie d w ith t h e s o lu b le n u tr itiv e e x tr a c ts o f c h o ic e m a lte d c e re a ls . T h e r a t i o o f p r o te in to c a rb o h y d r a te a n d its p e rf e c t d ig e s tib ility c o m m e n d t h is food a s a r e lia b le r e c o n s tru c tiv e w h ic h m a y b e g iv e n f re e ly in s e p tic c o n d itio n s a n d s u rg ic a l c a se s.

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T . R E Q U R I E 8 N O C O O K IN G . L ib eral Sam ples J o r tr ia l w ill be sent to the Profession P o st Free on application.

H o r l i c k ’s M a lt e d M ilk Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

CHOCOLATES

A s k for "D E L E C T A " —t h e n a m e d e s c rib e s th e m .

\ 4 4

•

4 * 4 4 4

June, 1916.

—

jlQDEX]

F I R S T

A I D

233

—

R eliability

FIRST-AID

A BLAND & PA IN LESS

has been supplied to : R .A .M .C . S u r g e o n s , R ed C ro s s S u r g e o n s , C r o ix R o u g e F r a n c a is e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e r o u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t . J o h n A m b u la n c e .

all. in

strict

STRETCHER

a p p lic a tio n

to —

P ro v in c ia l H o sp ita ls,

CARRYING

MADE

w ith

th e

b u t yo u ca n

th in g yo u b u y is o f an absolutely reliable

qu altity — d e p e n d a b le

e ve ry sen se o f th e w ord. M ake a p erso n a l ca ll or w rite or 'phone f o r catalogue.

Hospital Contracts

General Co., Ltd.

( N u r s e s ’ E q u i p m e n t S e c t i o n ) , ( D e p t . 6). in N a v y .

James, Ltd„"ffiS8rE£*i’

a c c o rd a n c e

rely also u p on th e fact th at e v e ry

E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itr e . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s itis , S y n o v itis , S c ia t ic a , N e u r itis , G o u t, R h e u m a to id A r th r itis , H y d r o c e le , P a r a s itic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o r m . C h ilb la in s , A c n e , B o lls , M u m p s , S p r a in s , AN D A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S . on

N o r is this

N o t o n ly ca n y o u re ly upon

m o d els set by vario u s L o n d o n a n d

I O D E X has benefitted thefollowing and numerous other conditions:

Menley

p o ss ib ly

o b ta in in g in e ve ry in sta n ce style s

IODEX is sold in l o z . Pots, Price 1/3.

L ite ra tu re

ca n

hom e, finds a p la ce in o ur N u r s e s ’

I O D E X is non-staining, n on irritating Free Io d in e o f great p en etrative power. It is a p ow er ful a b so rb en t and antisep tic, and rap id ly red u ces in flam m ation .

F r e n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls ,

n u rse

E q u ip m e n t S e ctio n .

H .M . F le e t S u r g e o n s ,

e v e ry th in g

requ ire in a n y h o sp ita l o r n u rsin g

Antiseptic.

IO D E X

and

that a P ro fe ssio n a l or V o lu n tary

— IODIN E D R E S S I N G . — Aseptic.

N Y T H IN G

S to c k e d in l e n g th s

Chev'iot°Se'rge2' '

541"^’’

A llA V o o l S e r g e W e s t o f E n g la n d S e r g e

19-35, MORTIMER S T .,

23/6 3 4 /6 3 6 /6

'P h o n e: M U S E U M 3140-1. A rents f o r the well-known Benduble Shoes. * J

EASY

by using the

( S tr e tc h e r

Bearers’

Friend).

Go to the Source fo r Uniforms and Equipment for First Aid and all other Services— Hazel & Co.

carrying squad is greatly increased. A d v a n ta g e s . — The “ S . B . F . ” (1) fits any width of shaft; (2) grips and releases instantly; (3) permits an “ over hand” grip ; (4) allows the arm to be at full length ; (5) distri butes the patient’s weight; (6) reduces the “ spring” of stretcher; (7) tucks under belt when not in use ; (8) weighs only 902.

W ith 100 Y e a r s reputation for reliable uniform s, H azel’ s are today producing cloth in g that saves even more in w ear than it does in first cost. T r y H azel’ s —ask for quotation for O fficers or R a n k and F ile Requirem ents.

P r ic e 2 s . p e r p a ir . S a m p le p a i r 2 s . 3 d . p o s t p a i d , f r o m

S W IF T

SONS

( Makers and Sole Distributors J,

.Athletic Outfitters, S C A R B O R O U G H .

16,

N ILE

C ITY and

ROAD, LONDON, N ., 4, P R IN C ES STR EET,

HANOVER

SQUARE,

STREET, LONDON,

234

—

FIRST

AID.—

June, 19 16 .

What First Aid Dressing* do Y O U use A w e ll k n o w n London S u rg e o n re c e n tly used S P H A G N O L w i t h r e m a r k a b le success, and rec o m m en ds it in th e fo llo w in g te r m s “ I h ave tried yo u r S p h a g n o l preparations, o in tm en t an d cream , in certain ch ro n ic u lcers w ith rem a rk a b le su ccess and h a v e re co m m e n d e d S p h a gn o l to a large n u m b er o f p eo p le u n d e r'tra in in g 'a s a valuable first

aid dressing for w o un ds.”

Spha$nol is a d istilla te o f P e a t— is a n tisep tic— possesses re m ark ab le h e alin g p ro p erties— and is easily app lied . L e a d in g m en in th e m ed ical profession regard it as th e stan dard re m e d y for skin diseases and in flam m ation. It is in va lu ab le in th e treatm en t o f Trench

Sores, Sore Feet, Eczema, Ulcers, Psoriasis, Ringworm, Acne, Dandruff, Pruritis, Herpes, Hsemorrhoids. T h e In stitu te o f H y g ie n e h a ve ce rtificate for purity, m erit, and S p h a g n o l So aps and O in tm en t.

aw ard ed their q u a lity to all

FREE TRIAL.

Shock With shocks of many kinds daily throwing fresh strains upon our harassed nerves the supreme value of Hall’s Wine as a stand by should indeed be known. “ Hall’s Wine,” says a doctor, ‘‘ is the best I know for keeping one up during times of strenuous pressure.” And to quote yet an other doctor : “ Hall’s Wine is in valuable, especially where vitality is low or nerves are shattered." Even in normal years the restorative powers of Hall’s Wine won enormous recogni tion, so perhaps it is not surpiising that in these incredible days of stress and national anxiety Hall’s Wine finds itself the most widely trusted preparation of its kind.

HallsWine The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E .— Buy a bottle of Hall’s Wine to-day. If, after taking half of it, you feel no real benefit, return us the half-empty bottle, and we will refund your entire outlay. Doctor’s Outfit of Sphagnol Preparations, consisting of Ointments, Soaps, and Suppositories will be sent to every Doctor, R .A .M .C . Officer, and Red Cross Hospital Nurse on receipt of professional card. A First-aid Outfit containing a liberal supply of Ointment and Soap will be sent upon request to any First-aid or Red Cross Worker.

Peat Products (Sphagnol) Ltd 18a, Queenhithe, Upper Tham es St., London, E.C

Large sizeyjl6 . O f all Wine Merchants, and Licensed Grocers and Chemists. S te p h e n

S m ith

& Co.,

L td ., B ow , L o n d o n .

June, 1916,

— F I R S T

AID. —

HUMPHREYS' MOBILE PANEL BUILDINGS.

T e le p h o n e N o. 6 4 47 K e n s in g t o n . 3 L in e s . T e le g ra m s : “ H u m p h r e y s , K n lg h ts h r ld g e , L o n d o n ,”

A ustralian Hospital (

1,000

Beds) ion H u m p h re y s ' Sectional Building System .

The Best System of Buildings fop the N a v y and Army. Convenient fop Transport—being in interchangeable parts. Simple in Construction and easily erected by ordinary labour. Visitors to “ The Exhibition ” now being held at K n igh tsb rid ge can see a Section of one of our Mobile Hospitals and Soldiers’ Huts. Immediate Delivery from Stock.

HUMPHREYS LTD.,

KHIGHTSBRIDGE,

L0HD0H,

S.W.

236

— F I R S T

Aids to M em ory fo r ‘ F irst A id ’ S tu d e n ts . B y L . M .

F r a n k

C h r is t ia n , M .B ., C .M . E d in .

A u th o r (jo in tly w ith W .R .E .) o f “ P r o b le m s in F i r s t A i d ,” S t. J o h n A m b . A sso c.

S e v e n t h E d itio n n o w r e a d y .

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

“ N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r f e a r h e w ill g o r u s t y i f h e w ill ta k e a n o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f t h e m e n ta l m ix tu r e c o n ta in e d w ith in th e c o v e rs o f th is s p le n d id b o o k . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e tt e r u t il is a ti o n o f s p a c e , a b e tte r t r e a tis e o n t h is s u b je c t c o u ld n o t b e w r itte n . . . th e b o o k fo r a ll, w h e th e r o ld h a n d s o r s tu d e n t s .” “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a rv o ’ o f t h e g r e a t e s t v a lu e .” P r ic e : I n C lo th , 6 d . n e t — b y p o s t 7d. I n L e a th e r , 2s. n e t — b y p o s t 2s. 2d. S to c k p o rt

:C o n n e ll &

AID. —

June, 1916.

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects, S e c o n d -H a n d a t H alt P r ic e * . N ew Books at . Discount Prices. Catalogues free. State wants. ^ Books sent oa approval, f Books bought. W* Jk Q . F O Y L E , 1 2 1 and 1 2 3 , C haring Cross Road, London, W .C .

BOOKS FOR LECTURERS & STUDENTS OF FIRST AID.

B a i l e y , L t d . , “ E x p r b s s " O f f i c e , S t . P e t e r ’s S q u a r e ,

a n d The St. John Ambulance Association,

S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , L o n d o n .

A ID S

N. C O R B E T

H O M E -N U R S IN G .

FLETCH ER,

B . A . , M . B ., M .R .C .S .

Post free, 7 d.

Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated. A ID S

HANiYLER’S M r . H a n m e r w ishes to thank D octors, A m bulance W orkers and others, who have so kindly assisted him in the organising of last season’s tours. T h e ir w illing help has enabled him to visit 150 towns, and the tours have included E n glan d, Ireland and W ales. N ext season’s fixtures are now being arranged, and intend ing applicants for the L ecture should apply early, for the vacant dates are lim ited. (N o. 6 D istrict September).

Send three penny stam ps, to cover postage, for “ N ovelty Illustrated Booklet,” and full particulars to ;— C. H A N M E R , r.

R otherham .

N ote.— N o charge beyond w orking cost is made for these Lectures.

WHY

AND

Best Stretcher on the Market. P r ic e (A S

S U P P L IE D

£ TO

SPRING GEARING WHEELS. 1 2s. 6 d . H .M .

G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable S tretcher for Boy Scouts,

12s. 6d.

W HEREFORE

B y t h e S a m e A u th o r .

F IR S T -A ID .

Difficulties in Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer. Royal i6mo. Post free, 7 d. THE

CO M PLETE

M A N IK IN .

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2 S. n et; postage, 2d. TH E

TR IA N G U L A R

BANDAGE:

Its Application shown by Words and Diagrams. By

HOW ARD

PRESTO N ,

116 Illus. THE

Dem onstrator to the Polytechnic.

Price, i s . net, postage 2d. R O LLER BANDAGE.

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

Its Application shown by Words and Diagrams. Price, i s . net., postage 2d. By

IN D E X

CARVELL.

161 Illustrations.

F IR ^ T -A ID .

M . R .C . S .,

L . S .A .L o n d .

A vade-mecum for the Ambulance Worker. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, i s . 2 d . F IR S T -A ID

FEW

W ORDS.

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

With Coloured Diagrams.

12 pp. Folder.

Paper, 3 d . Cloth, 4 d . A N A T O M IC A L -D IA G R A M S . Twelve in set, on Roller. Post free, 2 S. l o d . Each Diagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. T H E W H O L E A R T O F B A N D A G IN G . F IR S T -A ID

BEST QUALITY CANVAS.

F IR S T -A ID .

A Compendium of Aids to Memory. Introduction by James Cantlie, F .R .C .S. Post free, l A .

Illustrated Ambulance Lecture.

205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

Introduction byjAMES

TH BK LA BO W SER, C a n t l i e . F .R .C .S.

F .J .I .,

Illus. Post free, i s . 2 d .

P R A C T I C A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G UP H O S P ITA L G A R M E N TS FO R S IC K

O U T & M A K IN G & W OUNDED. Post free, IS. 2 d . S H O R T C O U R S E O F P H Y S IC A L TR A IN IN G FOR T H E R E C R U IT S O F T H E N E W A R M IE S .

(Approved by the Red Cross Society). A

A LLA N BROM AN, JO H N BALE; SO N S

Illustrated.

P r ic e I S . 8 d . p o s t free.

D A N IE L S S O N ,

L t d .,

83-91, G reat Tltchfleld Street, London, W .

HELPS

(L a te

P oad,

H elp s

C o.),

S t. P h ilip s B r id g e , B R IS T O L . M a k e r s ot A m b u la n c e W a g o n s an d R e q u is ite s .

POSTAL READING ”

INSTRUCTION In “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.”

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once. A member of S .J.A .B . writes:— “ I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such.” (T .B .) Special te rm s n o w — half fees— to members of S .J .A .B ., &c. A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n s e rs S e o tio n o f th e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is tr y a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . 1874),

112 . S t . G e o r g e ’s R o ad , S o u t h w a r k , L o n d o n .

Jhe Jtidian Ambulance Gazette. A Journal of Ambulance Work in India, Burma and the East. P ric e 2 s h il li n g s p e r a n n u m p o st fre e . Fbablished Quarterly. Can be obtained on atplication to the Editor, Jutogh, Simla H ills,India Price 6d. net.

NOTES

Poet free 7d.

FIRST

AID

SIMPLIFIED.

By Sidney H. Lamb.

A Handbook in a tabulated and simplified form giving the main points ot first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student. DALE , R EY N O LD S & C O .. L t d . , 4 6, C a n n o n S t .

O fficers’ R egulation G reat Coats. D ark • t) • •T> . G rey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality M en’s G reat Coats, 21s. 6d.— W rite for patterns and particulars, T hornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse. S A L E , a quantity o f M en’s A m bulance Uniform F O RTrousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. l i d . a pair.— T hornton

LONDON, E . C .

MAKE YOUR OWN L E M O N A D E ^ A Io n s, c o o l d r in k m a d e in s ta n tly w ith

,G LA SS LEMONI a n d p la in o r a e r a t e d w a te r.

NO ADDED SUGAR NECESSARY.

W a tf iE ld

and Co., 24, Com m ercial-street, Brighouse.

O R S A L E .— R egulation Brown L eather Belts and Pouches; also C aps and O vercoats; sam ples on approval.— Follett, 4, V ictoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E .C .

S A L E , Corps Officer or D ivision al Surgeon’s U niform ; F O Rcloth, in good condition, tunic, trousers, cross b e lt ; a p proval ; will fit man 5ft. 9m., waist 40.— A pply, Corps Uniform s, “ F irst A i d ” offices, 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . P rin ted a n d

Published by Messrs.

D a lb , R b y n o ld s

“FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. June, 19 16 .

& C o ., L td ., 46 , C an n o n S t.. L o rd o n , B .C ., to w hom all com m unications should be a d d re sse d .

F IR S T AID — AND

THE —

St. John Ambulance Gazette. —

—

^ ------------

VOLUME XXIII. (No. 265, July, 1916, to No. 276, June, 1917)-

LONDON. DALE,

REYNOLDS

CO .,

L td .,

46,

CANNON

STREET,

E .C . 4 -

INDEX. A

A m bulance A rran gem en ts for H ostile A ir R aids, 15, 34 „ Class, by “ H aversack,” 168 Am endm ents in, and A dditions to, the Rules and R egulations of the S .J.A .A ., 176

f o r H o s p it a l O r d e r l i e s , by N. C orbet Fletcher B .A ., M .B., &c., 11, 32, 53, 73. ” 8 H ostile A ir Raid D uty, 15, 34 “ Humorous Side of a First A id B eginner,” 36

B lackham , Col. R. J., C .I.E ., D .S .O ., 175 B r e v i t i e s , 10, 3 1, 51, 72, 93, 120, 137, 154, 174, 19 5 ,2 10 , 227

H in t s

Im provised Motor Am bulances, by F. C. Bottom ley, 56 India’s Red Cross Support, 177 Interchangeable Sidecar on a Standard Chassis, 203

C L

C ollege o f A m bulance, 212

D D eath o f Col. T . H. H endley, 148 D is t r ic t

No. » „ „ „ „ „ „

O r d e r s

:—

1— 2, 22, 42, 62, 82, 102, 126, 146, 166, 186,202, 218 3— 3. 22> 62, 82, 102, 127, 166, 202, 218 4— 3, 22, 42, 62, 82,102, 127, 146, 166, 186, 218 5— 4, 102, 147, 166, 202, 218 6 — 4 2,62, 83, 103, 147, 166, 186, 203

L e t t e r s

t o

t h e

E d it o r

:—

A m bulance Benevolent Fund, 177 “ N ursing Sister,” 230 L ife in Salonica, 166

M M etropolitan Police A m bulance Corps, 121

7—4

8— 103, 186 n -8 3 12 (Irish)— 4, 24, 43, 103, 128, 147

E E

L adies’ N ew Service H ats, 43

d i t o r i a l

N N ew C h ief Secretary o f the A m bulance Departm ent of the Order o f St. John, 11 „ Stretcher T rolley, 155 N oted W ar T im e Firm , 83

:—

A ctivities o f the A m bulance D epartm ent o f the O rder of St. John, 125 C arry On, 81 F irst A id a Form o f Insurance, 217 „ in W orkshops, 1 „ to the Uninjured, 41 Future Prospects of the V .A .D .’s, 201 Joint W a r Com m ittee’s Finance, 165 N ational Service and the V .A .D .’s, 145 Present N eed for A m bulance W o rkeis, 185 Safety and First A id, 21 „ M ovem ent, 101 V .A .D ., 101 V .A .D .’s and the N ursing Profession, 61 Efficient First A id, 34

F F atigu e and Its E ffects on Industry and E fficiency, by Profes sor W m . Stirlin g, M .D ., D .Sc., L L .D ., 182 F eig n in g Illness, 176 F irst A id Com petitions at the R oyal Botanic Gardens, 14 „ „ in W orkshops, 43 „ „ Instruction by Popular D em onstration, 104 „ Lesson in First A id, by Charles Phelps Cushing, 177

G G arden P a rty at Blackrock, 52 G reat Explosion in E a st London, 198

P Professional E tiqu ette— a London Sketch, by Pt. A . de L. Jones, 63 Q Q

u e r ie s

a n d

n s w e r s

t o

o r r e s p o n d e n t s

:—

Com pound Com plicated Fracture o f Fem ur with Haemorrhage, 142 „ Good First A id D ressing for Burns, 119 A dm inistering an E m etic in Strychnine Poisoning when Respiration has Failed, 214 A pplication of H eat to U nconscious Person, 36 „ R oller Bandages in Fractured Lim bs, 179 Arm Sling for Fracture of Hum erus and Forearm , 160 Artificial Respiration in C ase of Choking, t8o B andage for Hand, 196 Bandagin g the Hand, 219 „ Lim bs in Collapse through Internal Htem orrhage, 140 Bennett’s Fracture of Thum b, 219 Boards on Stretcher in C ase of Fractured Pelvis, 180 Books on First A id, 214 Brigade Efficiency, 18 Collapse in Case o f Severe and U ntreated W ound of T em poral A rtery, 36 Com plicated Fracture of Ribs, 198 Covering Patient in C ase of Shock, 196 D ressin g W ounds o f Y oun g Children with Iodine, 198 E a sy W a y o f M aking Em brocations, 179

I N D E X . Fractured Pelvis and Com plicated Fracture o f Ribs, 219 „ W rist and Bleeding from Palm ar Arch. 214 Fracture o f Fem us of L eg, 76 Fractures o f Skull, R ibs and Spine, with Injured Lungs, 179 Inducing Circulation to A pparently Drowned, 140 Iodine on Boric Lint, 198 Maximum H eight of Sick Room, 18 Pupils of F y es in M aims and Haemorrhage, 180 Picric A cid C a u g e Steeped in O live Oil for Burns, 142 Pressure on A rteries in Bleeding from Palm ar A rch, 219 Reason for W ithholding Em etics with Corrosive Poisons, 179 Rem oval o f Boot in Foot Injuries, 17 St. John’s Sling for W ound of Palm of H and, 219 Saluting A m bulance Officers, 18 Scalp W ounds, 180 Signs of Burning by E lectricity, 214 Sm elling Salts as Stimulant, 196 Stretcher Drill, 196 Sym ptom s o f E pilepsy, 196 T ransport o f C ase of Fracture o f Clavicle and Bleeding from Sub-Clavian A rtery, 142 T reatm ent o f Burns, 17 !> D islocated R ight Shoulder and Respiration Suspended, 36 „ Fractured Clavicle, 219 „ Com plicated Fracture o f R ibs and Internal Haemorrhage, 95 " ii ii ,, ,, Simple F racture o f Collarbone, 18 „ Compound Fracture of R igh t T high with Severe A rterial Bleeding, 95 „ Concussion of Brain, 17 „ Crushed Sternum, 214 „ Sim ple Fractures o f Fem ur, Clavicle and R ibs, 196 11 n 11 1, Collar Bone and Shoulder Blade, 142 U se of Iodine for Cuts, 140 „ Splints in Cases o f Fracture, 56 U nconsciousness After a Blow in Low er Abdom en, 95 W earing of Arm B adge of the R .N .A .S .B .R ., 18

R ailw ay Am bulance, 74, 157, 176, 187, 203 „ „ W ork, 1916, 128 R eal Safety Spirit Stove, 55 R eport of the A m bulance W ork done on the O ccasion o f the Sinn Fein R iots, 12 R est as a First A id Measure, by S. Ham ilton, B .A ., M .D ., 16 R e v i e w s :—

Compendium o f A id s to F ir s t A id , by N. Corbet Fletcher M .B., &c., 57 Efficiency in F ir s t A id , by N. Corbet Fletcher, M .B., &c.,

95 F ir s t A i d f o r the Trenches, by Som ervile H astin gs, M .S , F .R .C .S ., & c., 76 Guide to Pharm acy a n d Dispensing, by C. J. S. Thom pson,

•5 Hanm ePs L ife-S a v in g Lecture, 58 Indian Am bulance Training, by Col. R. J. Blackham C .I.E ., & c „ 96 M artin's Questions and A nsw ers on Hom e Nursino- by Leonard S. Barnes, 76 M en ta l N ursing, by W . H. B. Stoddart, M .D ., F .R .C S

58 Our H osp ita l A .B .C ., 104 P rim er o f Tropical Hygiene, by Col. R. J. Blackham , C .I.E ., &c., 95 R ed Cross in France, by G ranville Barker, 98 S h o rt Course in F ir s t A i d in Accidents, by Lieut.-Col. Sir John Collie, M .D . and M ajor C. F. W ightm an F .R .C .S ., 57

St. John A m bulance A sso ciation , 175, 187 Scotts, Ltd., 148 S.J.A .B . H ospital in F rance, 117 Stretcher Bearing, by A . H am m ersley Johnston, L .R .C .P ., 35 ,, for T rench U se, 94 Substitute for the T w o -H an ded Seat, 73 St .

J o h n

A m b u la n c e

M .R .C .S .,

G a z e t t e :—

A natom y L ectures, 71, 136 A pp eal for V .A .D . Volunteers, 189 B ailiff of E gle, 105 „ „ and his B ailliw ick, b y H. W . F inchham , 68 B rigade W o rk in Germ an W est A frica , 91 Budrum — a C astle of the K n igh t of St. John, by H. W . Fincham , 224 Canadian Branch S .J.A .A ., 88 „ V .A .D . U nit, by Mrs. H enderson, 89 Central W o rk Room s, 71 Cyprus and the H ospitaller’s Castle at K olossi, by H. W . Fincham , 28 D eath o f Lieut.-Col. T . S. Parrott, 192 u em o n strato r’s Certificates, 152 D epot for S.J.A .B . Hospital in France, 112 Finding Y o u r W a y at N igh t, by Lionel J. Picton, M .A ., M .B., 26, 44 First N ursing Sisters o f the S .J.A .B ., by T h e k la Bow ser, 110 G eneral L etter o f the Joint V .A .D . Com m ittee to County D irectors, 149, 159, 208, 221 Grand Priory o f the O rder o f the H ospital o f St. John of Jerusalem in E n gland, 8. 22, 30, 70, 88, 109, 132, 153, 206, 220 Hospitals of the No. 6 D istrict, S .J.A .B ., 135 H oy, Sir W illiam , 149 Im provisation and A daptation, by T h e k la Bow ser, 225 Indian Branch of the S.J.A .A ., 1908-1915, by Col. R. I. Blackham , C .I.E ., D .S .O ., 220 Investiture at the Brigade H ospital, 133 Joint V .A .D . Com m ittee’s Letter, 169 Journey, Life and E xperiences o f a V .A .D . in M ontenegro 9. 26 Low e, Mr. E. C., 169 M echanics o f Circulation, by W . R. E dw ards, 64, 84, 106 129 Mention in D espatches, 29 M iddlesex T ransport Service, 49 N otes and N ew s, 7, 29, 50, 71, 88, 194, 209, 226 „ on the O ld H ospital o f the O rder, by the late R ev W . K. R. Bedford, M .A ., Chaplain o f the O rder 170' 188 ’ ’ Opening of H alkyn ’s H ouse, B elgrave Square, 150 O rigin o f H ospitals, by Col. H endley, C .I.E ., V .D . 46 Practical A m bulance W o rk at Southend, 6 R adiography at the Front, by A. W ilson Crew dson 2? Rattray, Mr. W illiam , 204 ’ Red Cross in the W est R idin g, 209 Rem iniscences o f E a rly A m bulance W o rk in India hv Col. T . H. H endley, C .I.E . 5, 48 R equirem ents o f the Joint Societies, 70 St. John A m bulance Association, 136 11 11 11 B rigade H ospital, 193 » >> 11 11 „ D epot, B elgrave Square, 205 , 11 11 „ O verseas, 170 „ „ D em onstrator’s Certificates, 8 S ecretary-G eneral o f the O rder o f St John, 131 Smith, Mrs. Louisa, 188 Som e Causes o f Failure in A m bulance Exam inations 1 -4 11 Suggestion s for the T raining of W om en V .A d ’ ’ s in Future, 173 U se o f “ O d d ” K now ledge, by T h e k la Bowser, i q i U rgen t A ppeal, 5 V .A .D . W om en ’s W ork, by W ilson Crewdson 132 „ ^ N ew s, 45, 66, 91, i n , , 34j I52, I72)’ lg0) 20?;

INDEX.

IV.

V .A .D . E xperience D urin g the R etirem ent of the M onte negrin A rm y, 67, 86. 108 W h o m ay W e ar the G eneva R ed C ro ss? Bowser, 47

Thekla

U U se and A buse o f First A id Outfits, by N. Corbet Fletcher, M .B., & c., 138, 156, 2 11, 228

V V .A .D . Item s, 259

Y e a r in Canada, 204

W W altham stow A m bulance Station, 175 W ardell, Mr. & Mrs. Stuart, 52 W o rk of the V .A .D .’s 63 „ „ S.J.A .B . D urin g the Y e a r 1916, by Col. Sir James Clark, 102

T T ea ch in g First A id by Popular D em onstrations, 37 T h ree Purpose Side-Car, 158

Illustrations. A skern A m bulance and N ursing D ivision, No. 5 D istrict, 223 Contingent o f Japanese R ed Cross N urses, 3 Conversion o f a Ford Motor V an into M otor A m bulance, 56 D ispensary of the B rigad e H ospital in France, 171 First A id D isp lay by Police, 127 Group o f First A id Instructors to Canadian Troops, 167 ,, St. John and R ed Cross M em bers Doing Transport D u ty in Cheltenham , 33 ,, Portrait of T h ree of the V aughan F am ily A w arded the St. John Service M edals, 23 Inspection o f M iddlesex V .A .D .’s by Surgeon-G eneral fencken at G unnersbury Park, 83 In terchangeable Side-C ar on a Standard C h assis, 203 M echanics o f Circulation, D iagram s R elatin g to the, by W m . R. Edw ards, 64-66, 84, 106-107 M iddlesex V .A .D . T ransport, 49 O perating T h eatre, B rigad e H ospital, France, 193 „ T heatres, St. John A m bulance Brigade H ospital, France, 139 P athological L aboratory o f the St. John A m bu lan ce in France, 117 Personnel of the A lexan dra H ospital, Cosham , H ants, 16

Portrait o f Col. Sir H erbert-Perrott, Bt., 105 „ „ R. J. Blackham , C .I.E ., D .S .O ., 175 „ F. Cook, E sq., 135 „ First A id Class of Prisoners o f W a r in Switzerland, 207 „ Hon. Sir L. H . D avies, K .C .M .G ., P.C ., 89 „ J. H. Courtney, C .M .G ., I.S.O ., i l l „ M ajor W . O. Prichard, 11 „ Mr. E velyn Cecil, M .P., 131 „ „ E . C. Low e, 169 „ ,, W m . R attray, 204 „ „ W . S. W oodcock, 42 „ Mrs. Louisa Smith, 188 „ Sir W illiam H oy, 149 Show ing Substitute for T w o -H an ded Seat, 73 S ta ff of the Sum m erdown C onvalescent H ospital, 36 .“ Stretcher B earer’s F riend,” 35 „ for T rench U se, 94 „ T rolley. 155 Three-Purpose Sidecar, 158-159 W inners of the C hallenge Cup, 1916, 75 X -R a y Room, St. John A m bulance Brigade H ospital in France, 151

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited by A R T H U R

N o. 265. —

X X III.

V o l.

[N ew

Our

-----

JU LY,

S e r ie s .]

19 16.

GAZETTE.

DALE. [E n ttr td a t

[2/6

H a ll.]

P e r

A nnum ,

P o s t

F r e e

how ever, that w h atever d ifferen ces th ere m ay be betw een

Readers.

m em bers with regard to certain a sp ects o f th e B ill th ere

“ F ir s t Aid ” is published on th e 20th of e v e r y month. The Annual Subscription is i s . 6 d. post free; single copies 2 d.

appears to be p erfect u n an im ity o f o p in io n w ith regard to

The Editor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.

factory and w orksh o p em p lo y ees.

the d esirab ility o f secu rin g

th ese

w elfare

co n d itio n s for

T h e su p p ly o f a m b u la n ce and first aid a p p lia n ce s in

All articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the Editor.

vision w here th e co n d itio n s o f e m p lo y m e n t are su ch as to

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business communications connected with F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers,

o verd u e.

em p lo y ees

how to m a k e in te llig e n t an d e ffe ctiv e use o f

DALE,

REYNOLDS 46,

& CO .,

C annon

L td .,

S tre e t,

L ondon,

factories is d esirab le, and leg islatio n to e n fo rce th e p ro

exp o se th e

w orkers

p ro vid e

risk o f p erson al in ju ries a p p lia n ce s

w ith ou t

is lo n g

tra in in g

th e

them is, how ever, o n ly h a lf m e etin g th e n eed s o f th e case.

E.C.

F rom the trend o f th e d iscu ssio n s w h ich h ave tak en p lace it w ou ld app ear that th e co st o f p ro vid in g first a id and

ED ITO RIAL

o th er eq u ip m e n t w ill p ro b a b ly b e c o m e a ch a rg e u p on th e em plo yer, an d if this is th e case it is o n ly re a so n a b le to

tim e to tim e in this Jou rn al we

F ro m

First Aid in

have

draw n

ad van tages

Workshops,

em p lo yer

C o m p a n ies

em plo yers

w ou ld

p eo p le

a cq u ire

and

the

o th er

exten d first

w hich and

fo llo w in g R a ilw a y

attention

w ou ld

e m p lo y ee exam p le

th e

that

th e

w orkers

th eir part w ill d e v o te

the

n ecessary tim e in o rder to a cq u ire th e k n o w le d g e w hich

will e n a b le them in tim es o f e m e rg e n cy to m ake th e best

alike,

if,

use o f the e q u ip m e n t w h ich is p ro v id ed for a lle v ia tin g their

th e

large

in dustrial con cerns,

kn o w led ge, an d

assu m e

a ccru e

en co u rag em en t to th eir aid

m any

the

w ork

en list

the

sym path ies o f e m p lo y ee s to a cq u ire such k n o w led ge. W h at was true in the past obtain s in greater m easure in

ow n sufferings an d th o se o f th eir fellow s. It

is w ith ou t d o u b t

the

hu m an itarian

sid e

th e

qu estio n w h ich w ill ap p eal to em p lo yers, an d th ere is no d o u b t a m oral o b lig a tio n upon them to tak e all rea so n ab le steps to m in im ise th e results o ccu r to th eir e m p lo y ee s.

o f such a ccid e n ts as

m ay

A t th e sam e tim e th ere is a

th ese days in w hich all a va ila b le w orkm en and w orkw om en

sim ilar o b lig a tio n

are b iin g em p lo y ed to their utm ost ca p a city , and m any are

fellow -w orkers,

daily b ein g drafted into em p lo ym en t the surroun dings o f

k n o w le d g e

w hich th ey are unfam iliar, and in d eed co n stitu te a radical

suffering an d p o ssib ly save the life n ot o n ly o f a w o rk m a te

ch a n ge from th eir n orm al

in th e facto ry but o f a fello w -bein g elsew h ere.

environm en t.

W e are glad,

therefore, to o b serve th at in clu d e d in th e p rovision s o f a

up o n

an d to

w h ich

m ay

th e w orkm an th e in

to his

co m m u n ity tim es

crisis

fam ily, his a cq u ire

th e

m itigate

th e

A p a rt from this, th ere is a n o th er a sp ect w hich, from

B ill now un der co n sid eratio n b y the H o u s e o f C o m m o n s —

the co m m e rcia l p o in t o f view , th e em p lo y er ca n n o t afford

P o lice ,

to o v e rlo o k , n am ely, th at the

& c.

(M isce lla n eo u s

P ro visio n s)

B ill is a clause

result o f train in g

o f the

w hich req u ires in ter a lia th e provision o f a m b u la n ce and

w orker to a d m in ster first a id p ro m p tly and efficie n tly m ust

first aid equ ip m en t in factories or w orksh op s w here such

be re flected in th e co st in cu rred

equ ip m en t appears d esirab le.

C o m p e n sa tio n A c t, w hilst also ten d in g in a large m e asu re to

A n um ber o f co n d itio n s are in clu d e d in the B ill as it

re d u ce

th e

a ggreg ate

p eriod

u n d er

rhe W o r k m e n ’s

in effectiven ess

th e

now stan ds w ith regard to th ese and o th er provisions, and

em p lo y ees.

from th e

co u rag e th e a cq u isitio n o f a m b u la n ce k n o w le d g e by the

d iscu ssio n w hich

has

taken

place,

it is only

F o r this last reason also any m o v e m e n t to e n

reason able to assu m e that som e a m en d m en t w ill be in tro

in d u strial classes sh o u ld b e fostered by our

d u ced befo re it b ecom es law.

B e n e fit S o cie tie s th ro u g h o u t th e coun try.

It is gratifyin g

to note,

W e F a r e an d

—

n'he Grand 3*riorg of the Order of the Jtospital 0} S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland.

0<'8ALtsi f

AMBULANCE

fjhe

e p u t y

o m m is s io n e r

S t.

Jo h n

DEPARTMENT.

.Ambulance

Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

No. . District. D

F I R S T

----------

W IN N Y .

A I D .

J u ly , 1 9 1 6 .

—

few weeks members will avoid, unless absolutely necessary, correspondence with H eadquarters. M EM BERS

S E R V IC E .

A s m any of the D ivisions have not com plied with the instruction contained in D .O . 78, with regard to furnishing a return o f the number of m embers called up for active service, it is proposed to issue a special form to D ivisions shortly, which must be filled in and returned to H eadquarters promptly. A P P O IN T M E N T . C. J. R . M acF add en , M .D ., has been appointed A ctin g D istrict Treasurer, dated July 10th, 1916. (Signed)

AU G U ST,

1916.

Sunday D u ty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 6th.— N o. 38 D ivision, „ 13th.— N o. 5 „ „ 20th.— N o. 11 „ „ 27th.— N o. 16 „

L .B . & S .C . R ailw ay. H ackney. W em bley and Harlesden. L .B . & S.C . R y., N ew Cross.

H eadquarters

W . H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Commissioner. -St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E .C .

I n s p e c t io n a t t h e C h a r t e r h o u s e . — A fter the annual assem bly of the m embers o f the O rder at St. John’s Gate, on St. John’s day, June 24th, an inspection o f a portion o f the 2.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. A s per separate orders. K e y from A m bulance D ivisions o f the Prince o f W ales’s Corps was held St. Tohn’s G ate, 2 p.m. in the Charterhouse Grounds close by ,by the kind permission o f the M aster o f Charter House. T h e inspection was con C O M P E T IT IO N F O R A IR R A ID V O L U N T E E R S ducted by Mr. W . H. W in n y, D eputy Com m issioner of No. 1 AT TH E P O L IC E F E T E . D istrict, who was accom panied round the ranks b y the Rt. M em bers o f the D istrict will learn with pleasure that the H on. T h e Earl of Plym outh, C .B ., Sub-Prior o f the Order, and Com petition organised by the M etropolitan Police, on T h u rs Mr. E velyn Cecil, M .P., Secretary G eneral o f the Order. day, July 6th, for A ir R aid volunteers belonging to the various It was evident from the careful manner and the frequent am bulance organisations, both the wom en’s team and the men’s rem arks that the Sub-Prior made, that he took a keen interest team won the first prizes. T h e follow ing are the successful in the general bearing and appearance o f the men. Som e 800 com petitors :— men were on parade, most o f whom were in the regulation St. W om an ’s T eam .— N ursing Sisters J. W . Porter and G. E. John black uniform. A fter the inspection a march past took M organ ( N o. 38 D ivision) ; D. Pearce and E velyn Randall place, which was performed in an exceed ingly creditable (No. 24 D iv is io n ); L. R ussell (No. 3 Division). and steady manner, and gave no evidence o f the fact that the M en’s T ea m .— A m bulance Officer Furber (N o. 37 D iv i men, some o f whom were M unition workers, had not been able sion), Sergeant A . G. Barker, Corporals A . B. H ains, H. M ayto drill for some time, and no rehearsal o f the march past had bu ry'an d Private W . Roberts (No. 4 D ivision). taken place. A m ongst the visitors present were L ad y M aud W ilbraham , C E R T IF IC A T IO N O F U N IF O R M . L ad y O liver, M iss Coulcher, L ad y D istrict Secretary No. 3 It is proposed to issue a certificate to every member of the D istrict, Sir D y ce Duckw orth, Bart., Sir W illiam Portal, Bart., D istrict in uniform, who is not a m ember o f a V .A .D . certify Mr. W . R. Edw ards, Secretary of the O rder o f St. John ; Mr. ing that the person nam ed is entitled to wear the uniform of W . H. M organ, D eputy Com m issioner o f B rigade O verseas; the St. John A m bulance B rigade. T h is certificate should be M ajor Barclay, D eputy Com m issioner B rigade O verseas (N ew carefully preserved for production whenever required. In Zealand) ; D r. Cotton, D eputy Com m issioner, No. 8 D istrict ; order that the certificate may be issued onlyto persons entitled Mr. D. D. Robertson, F .C .A ., and numerous old m embers of to them, the D ep uty Com m issioner will be glad if all Officers the Brigade. and M em bers in C h arge will send in a return at the earliest A fter the distribution o f the follow ing awards, viz. ;— possible moment, givin g the names o f all their members H onorary Serving Brothers, Supts. Blum and S o u n d ers; L on g possessing the R egulation uniform who are not m embers of S ervice M edal. Hon. Surgeons Southcom b and W a rd ; D iv i V olun tary A id Detachm ents. sional Supt. O lley, L ad y Supts. D an ks, H ankey and Scott, N ursing Sister A shcroft, A m bulance O fficer Selinger, S E R V IC E IN M I L I T A R Y H O S P I T A L S B Y Sergeants G o ggs, Silvester, W arren and W icken s, Corporal N U R S IN G S IS T E R S . Colyer, Private Slade; Service B a r s : Supt. L iddell, L ady It is proposed to form a N om inal R oll o f all m embers of Supt. Bourke, N ursing Officer E . Bourke, A m bulance Officers N u rsin g D ivisions who are not m obilised as V oluntary A id N ew ton, F itch, C. Joslin, Sergeants H ayes, F isk and R ose, D etachm ents, and therefore not earm arked by County N ursing Sisters A ttw ell, Barnard, D ow n and Tunstall, the D irectors, who are w illing and able to assist at M ilitary E a rl o f Plym outh, in addressing the men, said he considered it H ospitals. N ursing Probationers and C ooks are most needed, a privilege to be there that day. H e thought the general bear: but typists are also wanted. M em bers who volunteer for this ing of the men was extrem ely good, and he wished the N o. 1 work will be required to give their whole time, and m ay be D istrict every success in its future work. sent a distance from their homes. A copy o f conditions of A fter the inspection was over, the men under the com m and service (J.W . 56) and also form (J.W . 19) are enclosed. T he o f A ctin g Corps Supt. C. Statham , went for a route march. latter form when filled in, should be returned to the D eputy Som e members of the Bugle Band, under the charge of Com m issioner at St. John’s G ate. It is hoped there will be a Sergt. Lom as, were in attendance. T h e following members o f good response from N ursing D ivisions, as there may be heavy headquarters staff were on duty— A ssistant Com m issioner dem ands shortly for women to look after our sick and wounded. V ilven, D istrict Surgeon Col. J. Cantlie, D istrict Inspector o f It will probably be desirable for L ad y Superintendents to call Stores S. B. Piers, Corps Officers Pape and S. J. W arren. a special m eeting o f the D ivision to consider the matter. If further copies o f form J.W . 19 are required application should M e r t o n a n d W i m b l e d o n ( N o . 17) D i v i s i o n .— A t be m ade as soon as possible. Roeham pton H ospital, on June 29th, B adges in recognition o f B A N K H O L ID A Y D U T Y . their services were presented to the members of the division who have for the past twelve months been doing voluntary A s the A ugu st B an k H olidays are cancelled by the G overn night orderly work. T h e hospital in question is the Queen ment no open space duty will be arranged. M a ry’s Convalescent M ilitary H ospital, Roeham pton House, C O R R E S P O N D E N C E W IT H H EADQ U ARTERS. w here lim bless soldiers are fitted with artificial limbs. T he m em bers, who paraded under the supervision o f Supt. Chas. It is hoped, owing to shortage of staff, that during the next

July, 19 1 6 ,

— F I R S T

O rchard, were warm ly thanked for their services. A garden fete and tea followed, and it was, to say the least, interesting to watch the maimed and limbless sol diers com peting for the prizes offered in the Sports section. T h e presentation o f prizes, which took place in the dining-hall, concluded a most interesting and agreeably spent afternoon. W a l t h a m s t o w ( N o . 29) D i v i s i o n .— Superintendent A. Blum, of the W altham stow D ivision of the St. John Am bulance D ivision of the A m bulance Brigade, and H onorary Serving Brother of the O rder o f St. John, is to be con gratulated on his schem e to provide W altham stow with a per manent A m bulance Station. Foundation stones will be laid on Thursday, July 20th at 3 p.m., and am ongst those laying stones are— T h e Earl of Ranfurly, P .C ., G .C .M .G ., D irector o f the A m bulance D e p art ment of the O rder o f St. John, who is to lay a portion o f the

A I D

M aurice Peel, V ica r o f T am w orth . A n entertain ing m usical program m e was provided, and the display was lucidly explained by D ivisional Surgeon Dr. D . M cC oll. T h e M ayoress pre sented the m edallions and labels to the successful m em bers. Dr. M cC oll said he had a pleasing duty to perform — to acknow ledge with gratitude and in a tan gible way, the services Lieutenant and Q uarterm aster Journet, R .A .M .C ., had rendered to the division during the past tw elve months. Lieut. Journet had undertaken the organisation and the instruction o f am bu lance drill, which he had carried out with credit to him self and with satisfaction to the brigade.

No. 4 District. M a n c h e s t e r . — A t the R oyal A gricu ltu ral Show , held in M anchester, June 27th to July 1st, the M anch ester and Salford Corps undertook am bulance duty. T h e arrangem ents were carried out by Corps S ecretary W . A . Brunt, under the

By courtesy ]

1. 1 uc juaay. T h e contingent o f Japanese Red Cross N urses who fulfilled a year’s duty at the R oyal V icto ria H ospital, N etley. Front row, from the l e f t : Miss k ly o o k a , Dr. O shim a, Dr. Suzuki, Mr. O saw a (interpreter), M iss Yam am oto. O ld Priory Church, presented by the R ector and C h urch wardens. On the ground floor o f the building provision is to be made for a motor am bulance, which it is hoped to obtain from a generous donor; a casualty room fitted up in every detail and finished in white enam el Room s will also be provided for the nursing sisters and members. Doors leading into the p lay ground of the school attached will enable the m embers to carry out their drills, etc. On the first floor will be a spacious Lecture H all, and Superintendent’s and Secretarial Offices. O ver 2,000 cases are attended to during the course of twelve months by No. 29 Division and No. t i N ursing Division, the Station being open day and night.

No. 3 District. T a m w o r t h .— T h e Tam worth D ivision held a successful concert and display at the T ow n H all on June 21st. T h e M ayor presided, supported by the M ayoress and the Hon.

direction o f Corps Surgeon and Corps Superintendent Dr. J. Cryer. A ll the divisions, both am bulance and nursing, took an equal share in the work. T h e A m bulance P avilion was trans form ed into a m iniature tem porary hospital, havin g four beds and two L iv ese y ’s “ h y g ie n ic ” portable beds, and other appliances. In addition to the w heeled litters belon gin g to the divisions, the C h ief Constable, R. Peacock, E sq., M .V .O ., kindly placed two of the new motor am bulances in attendance, T h ese were standing in readiness from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., and were often requisitioned for the rem oval of patients. A large number o f cases were dealt with, and after a b rief stay in the pavilion were able to return hom e or to their work in the grounds. T h e officers on duty were Corps Surgeon Dr. J. Cryer. D iv. Surgeons D rs. W est, Crom pton and M agian, Corps S e cre tary W . A . Brunt, Corps Inspector o f Stores R. C. D one, D iv. Supts. M orrison, M cK in ley and W orth ington , D iv. L ad y Supts. Mrs. Cowan, M iss D unn and M iss N icholson.

— F I R S T

T h e follow ing has been received from the Council of the Show ;— “ A t the m eeting o f the Council of the Society, held this week, I was directed to convey to you an expression o f their appreciation at the very efficient services rendered by the M anchester and Salford Corps of the St. John A m bulance B rigad e on the occasion of the S o ciety’s Show in M anchester.”

No. 5 District. It is with deep regret we have to record the death o f Mr. and Mrs. Stuart C. W ard ell, the D ep u ty Com m issioner o f the D istrict, who passed aw ay on July 1st, and his wife pre deceasing him. Mr. W ard ell caught a chill a short ago, and pneumonia supervened, and term inated fatally. It was only three weeks previous that his wife died from the sam e complaint. F o r 21 years he was D ep uty Com m issioner o f the No. 5 D istrict, and during that period he enjoyed a great popularity am ongst the m embers of the brigade. Mr. W ard ed formed the first colliery centre o f the S.J.A .A . at Birchwood in 1888, and one of the first corps of the B rigade was formed by him at these collieries. Mr. and Mrs. W ard ell had for years held an unique posi tion in the affections o f the people of Tibshelf. T h e ir com bined and outstanding service for the cause o f am bulance work cannot be over-stated, and it would require a full chapter to do ju stice to their efforts. She was a staunch and earnest ally in all her husband’s work. She was the L ad y Superintendent o f the T ib sh e lf and Birchw ood Nursing Corps, and was a L ady o f the O rder of St. John of Jerusalem. N o t t i n g h a m . — Mr. T . R . Scott was recently the recipient o f a presentation made on behalf of the corps in recognition of the services he had rendered. Mr. Scott, in acknow ledging the gift, said that he wanted all the m em bers to assist him all that lay in their power and he was determ ined that the N ottingham Corps would be the largest in the country. H e mentioned that the last class that he had instructed had only two failures out o f 58, and that the m em bership o f the corps was now over 800 m embers. One hundred and sixty of whom were serving with the colours, and 146 under the St. John call.

No. 7 District. P o w y s l a n d . — Steady work is still being accom plished by this corps, which has a very creditable past record o f war work. D urin g 1915 the sum of ,£100 was raised in order to present a bed to the S .J.A .B . H ospital at Etaples. T h e bed has been duly presented and has for over six months been in use at that m ilitary hospital, and properly designated the "W e lsh p o o l Bed.” A fter this highly gratifying success the m embers of the corps looked round for further labour in the glorious field o f M ilitary A m bulance work. T h e idea o f rais ing funds to present a M otor A m bulance to the M ilitary A uthorities was suggested, and Mrs. E verall, Corps Super intendent, aided loyally and zealously by all the members of the corps, plunged into their new venture with the sam e spirit w hich has in the past successfully carried their corps through so m any praisew orthy undertakings. A fter months of patient toil the end has been accom plished and a fine 20 H .P., “ S t a r ” M otor A m bulance has been accepted by the Secretary of State for India for the use o f our troops in M esopotam ia.

No. 12 (Irish) District. T h e annual com petitions for the Irish W om en ’s Challenge Cup and the D ublin A m bulance C hallenge Cup were held on F rid ay and Saturday, June 16th and 17th, in Lord Iv ea g h ’s G ardens, St. Stephen ’s Green. T h e com petitions o ccupied several hours, and were confined to St. John B rigad e D iv i sions, the cups having been given for this purpose some years ago. It is hoped, how ever, that next year the R ed Cross units will be able to enter for sim ilar prizes. A bout a thousand nurses and nearly five hundred am bu

AID. —

Ju ly, 1 9 1 6 .

lance men paraded on Saturday in Lord Iv ea gh ’s gardens, St. Stephen’s G reen, D ublin, for the joint inspection, and upwards o f 5 , 0 0 0 visitors passed through the turnstiles. M usic played by the band o f the 12th R oyal Lancers enlivened the proceedings, and contingents representative o f all the four provinces were on parade. T h e march past follow ing the inspection was an im posing spectacle. A t the saluting base were the flags of the two organisations, and the pipers of the D ublin U n iversity O .T .C . played for the march past. T his over, the nurses and am bulance men were drawn up on three sides o f a square. W ith G eneral M axw ell were M ajor-G eneral Sandbach, M ajor-G eneral F o x and Surgeon-G eneral Ford. G eneral M axwell, addressing the units, described it as a great honour to have been asked to make an inspection of them. N ever before had he attended a parade in which so many ladies took part, and he congratulated those before him upon their good work and efficient appearance and what they had done for the Arm y. He would not allude to the part many of them took during the recent disturbances in Dublin because he believed the less said about certain things the soonest mended, but it was a great satisfaction to find so many people ready to help the sick and wounded whenever the occasion arose. T h e work done in D ublin, not only assisting in the hospitals, but in bringing wounded from ships to hospital, was worthy o f the greatest thanks the A rm y could give. L ad y Perrott rem arked that it gave her great pleasure to see the two organisations working so harm oniously together, and the British Red Cross Society had done her very great honour in asking her to inspect them with St. John A m bu lance Brigade. T h e two organisations had between them 4,584 women m embers on service in m ilitary hospitals at home and abroad, and 2,511 were w aiting to be called up. T he women o f Ireland had provided 42 beds, at about , £ 1 0 0 each, in France. She congratulated the nurses on their smart turn-out that day. Dr. Lum sden, D eputy Com m issioner, said that the organ i sations were proud to have G eneral M axwell and L ady Perrott with them. He, Dr. Lum sden, announced that the winners of the Irish W om en’s C hallenge Cup were the Dundrum N ursing Division. T h e Harcourt N ursing D ivision came second. T h e Dublin A m bulance C h allenge Cup had been won by the C ity o f Dublin Corps for the second year. L ady Perrott presented the awards. Mr. Justice R oss, Chairm an of St. John A m bulance A sso ciation, thanked G eneral M axw ell and L ady Perrott for their attendance. In no part o f the Em pire had such an advance been made in am bulance work as in the neighbourhood of Dublin. A few years ago the work was alm ost extinct, but ow ing to the efforts o f D r. Lum sden and others it had made splendid progress. In the recent rebellion the risk of death did not deter am bulance men and women from going under fire. T h e y had borne the supreme test, and shown that nothing would prevent them doing their best in the cause of humanity. Cheers were given for L ad y Perrott and G eneral M axwell, and the proceedings concluded with the p layin g of “ God Save the K in g.” A reception was held on Saturday in the Aberdeen H all, Gresham Hotel. In honour of the presence o f L ady Perrott a guard of honour was posted at the entrance of the hotel. T h e guard was com posed of men drawn from the D ublin D ivision, the G len ageary D ivision and the Dublin Building T rad es’ D ivision, in com m and of Corps Supt. W ebb. T h e guests were received by Dr. Lum sden, D eputy C om missioner and Mrs. Lumsden.

T h e part tak en by th e R e d C ro ss is seco n d o n ly to that o f the arm y its e lf in im p o rtan ce and m agn itu de. It has been stated that 80,000 person s are fu lly en g ag ed in th e field and at h o m e in the w ork o f th e B ritish R e d C ross, an d th ere is no reason to d o u b t the estim ate that th e so cieties o f th e R e d C ro ss in all b ellig eren t co u n tries at the present tim e h ave the full p erso n n el o f m ore than 500,000, while m illions co n trib u te o f their m eans an d tim e as m uch as th ey can.

Jul y, 1916 .

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

THE ST. JOHN A M B U LA N C E GAZETTE. U rgent Wi£

are

seriously

shortage

Appeal.

d istressed

V .A .D .

m em bers

the an ticip atio n

for

service

M ilitary

H osp itals. A ll th e m em bers w ho can give w hole tim e sh ould now be d o in g so eith er in their local A u x ilia ry H o sp itals or in M ilitary H osp itals. It is p ro b a b le that the beds will be fuller in the near future and we m ust n ever fail the S ick and W o u n d ed .

m ore n am es are not sent up by m em bers w illing to rep lace the N u rsin g O rd erlies in M ilitary H o sp ita ls we shall fa il; but, su rely both O fficers and m em bers will help again as they h ave h elp ed in the past. I sh o u ld lik e to ad d that our new volu nteers must give g e n ero u sly as

th o se

the past have given .

som etim es feel as if the “ eager h e a r ts ” had

all

We co m e

forw ard an d that now we h ave to d ep en d m ore on those who have w aited and

n eed en co u rag em en t to give what

they sh ould giv e o f their ow n free will. P le ase do n ot th in k that

we are ca llin g

upon

the

d evo ted m em bers w orkin g in their own H o sp ita ls who are ju st as m uch w anted as th ose in the M ilitary H osp itals. W e are ca llin g to those, w ho though free to giv e w hole tim e, are o n ly p uttin g in part tim e, becau se they have not yet u n derstood that their C o u n try needs them and that the S ick and W o u n d e d will suffer if they do not giv e all th ey have to giv e w hich is d e vo tio n and sacrifice. {Signed)

K a t h a r in e

F u rs e ,

i/c W o m e n ’s V .A .D . D ep artm en t. D e vo n sh ire H ouse, P ic ca d illy , W ., J u ly 19 16 .

R em iniscences of Early Am bulance W ork in India. By

COLONEL I n d ia n

M e d ic a l

H END LEY, S e r v ic e

C .I .E .,

V .D .,

(R e t ir e d ).

( Concluded from page 222.) A t B a n d ik u i so m uch in terest was aroused that the sch o o l b e ll was rung and an a u d ien ce o f a b ou t tw o h u ndred m en, w om en and ch ild ren arrived, w hich led to the lectu re being turned in to a p o p u lar address in stead o f an a m b u lance d em on stration . A t th e b egin n in g o f 1883, M r. (afterw ards Sir) V . B a r rington K e n n e tt visited Jaip ur in the co u rse o f a tour

throu gh In d ia , b u t the tim e was n o t yet rip e for o fficial rep resen tation o f th e A sso cia tio n , h e n c e no sp e cia l results follo w ed his m ission, e x ce p t th e pap er w h ich h e read for m e later in th e year an d th e in itia tion o f the B o m b a y C e n tre . I had little o p p o rtu n ity o f fu rth erin g th e ca u se u n til I was transferred to B e n g a l in 1898 as In s p e cto r G e n e ra l o f C iv il H o sp ita ls in th at great P ro v in ce , w h ich was as y et u n d ivid ed , an d th erefo re h ad a p o p u la tio n o f a b o u t 75 m illion souls. M y diagram s an d o th er m aterials w ere used at Jaip u r b y m y friend, th e R e v . G . M a calister, D .D ., in his large m ission sch o o ls for m any years, and n o t very lo n g ago he h elp ed our w ork by p reparin g th e U rd u or H in d u s ta n i version o f the A ss o cia tio n m anu al on “ F irst A id for the W o u n d e d .” I also ca u sed th e g en era l p rin cip les o f first aid and h yg ien e to be tau gh t to a large sta ff o f v a ccin a to rs w ho tra velled o ver the Jaip u r State, an d th e h o sp ita l a ssist ants in ch a rg e o f rural d isp en saries w ere e n co u ra g e d to stu d y sim p le w orks on veterin a ry m e d icin e w h ich w ere s u p p lied to them in o rder that th ey m ight a d vise th e a g ric u l turists, and thus n o t o n ly reliev e suffering a n im a ls but m a k e friends o f th e p eo p le, for I h o ld th at a m b u la n ce w ork in the true sen se in vo lves a v e ry w id e-sp read a b ility an d desire to a lle via te m isery o f all kin ds. In m y trien n ial rep ort on th e w orkin g o f th e c h a rit ab le disp en saries o f B e n g a l for th e years 1896-7-8, I find that I n oted that m e d icin e ch ests co n ta in in g sim p le m e d i cin es and in stru ctio n s for th eir use w ere su p p lie d to the h ead m en o f villages, an d that I a d v o c a te d th e a p p o in tm e n t o f tra vellin g ho sp ital assistan ts or dressers, as is the custo m in rural areas in R ussia. I also drew a tte n tio n to the d e sirab ility o f in stru ctin g th e p o lic e in first aid so that th ey m ieht be a b le to afford it at th e thanas (p o lice station s or posts), at fairs (m elas); at th e villa ge m arkets (h ats), and on railw ays or stea m b o at lines. T h e railw ay and stea m b o at au th o rities sh o w ed th eir w illin gn ess to co -o p erate w ith us in this m atter, sp e cia lly in p ro vid in g eq u ip m e n t and in arra n gin g for th e in stru ctio n o f their servants. T h e greatest a d va n ce, how ever, was m ade in th e p o lic e d ep artm en t u n der Sir E d w a rd H e n ry , w ho is now , as C o m m issio n e r in L o n d o n , so w ell kn o w n as a frien d o f th e a m b u la n ce cause. A ll civ il surgeon s w ere re q u e ste d by m e to arran ge for classes to be h eld at th e p o lic e hosp itals w h ich w ere u n der th eir sup ervision, w ith th e a ssistan ce o f th e ho sp ital assistants, w ho w ere ch a rg ed w ith th e d irect in stru ctio n o f the co n sta b les. T h e In sp e cto r-G e n e ra l o f P o lice an d I d e c id e d th at th e train in g sh o u ld be as sim p le as p ossible, but that it sh o u ld be c o n tin u e d un til th e m en w ere th o ro u gh ly efficient. In th e m ain th e sy lla b u s o f th e A sso cia tio n was follo w ed , but stress was la id upon sp ecia l points, w h ich w ere m ark ed in italics. C la sses w ere also h eld at th e T ra in in g S ch o o l for P o lic e O fficers at B h aga lp u r, and th e m o vem en t sp read so w id ely that n early all the co n sta b les w h o w ere on d u ty in th e B e n g a l C a m p at tb e D e lh i P ro cla m a tio n D u rb a r o f Jan uary, 1903, had re ce iv e d certificates o f p ro ficien cy in a m b u la n ce work. T h e circu lar letter to all C iv il Su rgeo n s in B e n g a l, in

—

F IR ST

A ID

TH E

ST.

JO H N

w h ich I e m b o d ied m y view s on first a id and th e em ergen t treatm en t o f su d d en illness, was issued on D e c e m b e r 9th, 1899. In th e w inter season o f 190 0 -19 0 1, L ie u t.-C o lo n e l A . C . Y a te , o f th e In d ia n A rm y , H o n o ra ry O rgan isin g C o m m issio n e r for In d ia o f the St. Joh n A m b u la n c e A s s o c i ation , m ade a tour th rou gh th e co u n try, and on M a rch 1 8th, 19 0 1, a p u b lic m eetin g was h eld in C a lcu tta , at w h ich Sir E d w in C o lle n , th e M ilita ry M e m b e r o f th e V ic e r o y ’s C o u n c il, was present. A n In d ia n bran ch o f the A sso cia tio n w as form ed, and from th at d ate its o fficia l p o sitio n in the E m p ire was fu lly establish ed . T h is form al re co gn itio n o f th e im p o rtan ce o f a m b u la n ce w ork was d u e to C o lo n e l Y a t e w ho had lo n g been in terested in th e ca u se and en th u sia stic in its p rom otion in N o rth In d ia. S ir R ich a rd T e m p le , w ho had p revio u sly tak en an in terest in th e hosp itals in th e P u n ja b , started in 1901 a sp ecia l system for the in stru ctio n o f m ale an d fem ale co n victs at P o rt B la ir in th e A n d a m a n s. H e was a id ed by L a d y T e m p le and th e sch e m e was a great success. A fte r his d ep artu re in 1903 it was allo w ed to drop and was only re viv ed in 19 10 . H is e x p erien ce is very sign ifican t. It show s th e va lu e o f p erson al enthusiasm , but at th e sam e tim e th e im p o rtan ce o f official support if a m ove m ent is to b e o f a p erm an en t ch aracter. I kn o w th is was th e ca se in m y o ld p ro vin ce in B en g al, as th e late L ie u t'-G o v e rn o r S ir N o rm an B a k e r w rote to m e in D e cem b er, 1909, that great a d va n ces had been m ade in a ll d irectio n s, b u t esp e cially in th e p o lice, o f w hom n o fewer than 1,440 h ad re ce ive d in stru ctio n in 1908, o f w hom 897 had been gran ted certificates o f efficien cy. In C a lcu tta a lo n e betw een 1904 and th e d ate o f his letter no few er than 1,7 6 5 co n sta b le h ad g a in ed certificates. G re a t progress has been m ade in recen t years, and p articu larly sin ce M arch , 1905, w hen L o r d C u rzon , w h o was th en V ic e r o y o f In d ia, fo rm ed the C e n tra l In d ia n C o m m ittee, an d V is c o u n t K itc h e n e r, the C o m m an d er-in -C h ief, b e ca m e its P resid e n t, but th is b egin s a n o th er ch a p te r in th e h isto ry o f th e A sso cia tio n in In d ia. It w ill h a ve b een g a th e re d from m y p revious rem arks that I ta k e a very w ide view o f the sco p e o f first aid in In d ia . H o w c o u ld it be o therw ise w hen, as I h ave a lread y u rged, we reflect on the a p p a llin g loss o f life from the bites o f snakes, w ild anim als an d cro co d ile s, as w ell as such diseases as ch o le ra or plague, in all o f w h ich cases prom pt a n d e n e rg e tic treatm en t a lo n e can save from d eath or suffering. T h e s e view s im p ly in stru ctio n in p re ve n tive m easures as m u ch as in a ctu al treatm en t o f in juries an d em ergen t ca ses o f disease. L e ctu re s an d classes in san itation and h y g ie n e are th e re fo re q u ite as im p o rtan t as are th o se in first aid. T h e s e are n ot o n ly n ecessa ry in th e in terests o f in d ivid u a ls, but in o rd er th at the p eo p le m ay be e d u ca te d to u n d erstan d , an d carry o u t with sym p ath y and in te llige n ce th e leg isla tiv e en a ctm en ts o f G o ve rn m en ts w h ich are m ade for th eir g o o d , as, for exam p le, for th e p reven tio n o f p lague, ch o lera, or m alarial fevers. In the b e lie f that e d u ca tio n o f this ch a ra cter m ust b egin at th e top, in M arch , 1900, I p ro p o sed to the C a lc u tta U n iv e rs ity th at in stru ctio n in san itary scien ce s h o u ld be a d o p te d as o n e o f th e su b jects in th e F irst A rts co u rse. T h e su gg estio n was ap p ro v ed , as was also a re co m m en d a tio n o f a C o m m itte e o f the F a c u lty o f A rts, o f w hich I w as C h airm an , th at san itary s cie n ce co u ld e q u ally w ell be in c lu d e d in the co u rse o f E n g lish for the B .A . an d M .A . d egrees re sp e ctive ly , by th e selectio n o f w orks o f stan dard au th o rs in w h ich su b jects co n n e cte d w ith h ealth or san itary scie n ce are a llu d e d to or discu ssed . In a seco n d co m

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

July, 1 9 1 6 .

m ittee we drew up a S an itary S c ie n c e for th e F irst E x a m i n ation in A rts in th e U n iv ersity , an d our reco m m en d a tio n s w ere a cce p te d by the S e n a te an d a p p ro v ed by th e G o v e rn m ent o f In d ia. A t my request D r. (now Sir C h arles) B ed fo rd , M .D ., D .S c ., p repared a tex tb o o k on m ilitary h yg ien e for In d ia n studen ts w h ich clo sely follow s the syllabus. T h e prin cip a l sectio n s w ou ld serve as a co m p lete syllabu s for the co u rse o f lectu res for th e H y g ie n e or H e a lth C e rtifica te o f th e St. Joh n A m b u la n c e A sso cia tio n in In dia. T h e d ecisio n o f th e U n iv ersity o f C a lcu tta had a far rea ch in g effect, b ecau se orders w ere issued by S ir A . P ed ler, the D ire cto r o f P u b lic In stru ctio n and by me, as the In sp ecto r G en eral o f C iv il H o sp itals, that, all other th in gs b ein g equ al, ca n d id ates for ap p o in tm en ts in our resp ective departm en ts sh ould be p referred w ho had o b tain ed th e sanitary qualification. It w ill b e seen from th e a b o v e a cco u n t th at B engal was fully ripe for th e official actio n o f the St. J o h n A m b u la n c e A sso cia tio n , and th ere is every reason to b e lie v e that o th er In d ia n p rovin ces, ju d g in g by th e p ro gress w hich has sin ce b een m ade, w ere e q u a lly read y to w elco m e its efforts.

P ractical

A m bulance Southend.

W ork

h e exp erien ce we have had in S o u th e n d in the organ i sation and trainin g o f m en for V .A .D . w ork and the transport o f w o u n d ed m ay afford su ggestio n s to other a m b u la n ce w orkers w hich m ay be o f va lu e to those facin g sim ilar difficulties. In A u g u st, 19 1 4 , th ere w ere o n ly tw elve m em bers o f th e St. J oh n A m b u la n c e B rig a d e in the borough, an d it was o b vio u s that this n um ber w ou ld be in su fficient to co p e w ith th e war w ork w h ich m ight d e v e lo p in a tow n o f 87,000 in habitants. A first aid class wa im m ed iately organ ised and very sh o rtly a full D e ta ch m en t was form ed as St. J oh n A sso cia tio n V .A .D . 43. W h ile the class was p ro ce ed in g the B rig a d e m em bers trained the class in stretch er w ork, so that by the tim e th e pass list was re ce ive d the m en had had co n sid e ra b le exp erien ce o f stretch er drill. T h e first difficulty was th e provision o f c o n v e y a n ce for transp ort o f w ou nded. T h e r e was no a m b u la n ce, horse or m otor, ava ilab le in Ithe tow n an d very few horse-draw n v e h icle s su itab le for the c o n v e y a n ce o f stretch ers. M o st o f su ch veh icles had very h eavy springs an d w ou ld cause u n d u e jarrin g to patients w hose stretch ers w ere laid on th eir floors. T h e r e w ere only o n e or tw o m otor w agons a v a ila b le w h ich c o u ld be used for c o n v e y in g stretch ers rap idly. B earers w ere, therefore, p ractised in lo ad in g stretch ers w ith p atients u p on th ese cars and lash ing th e stretch ers in p o sitio n with ropes. W e rece ive d o n ly tw enty-four h o u rs’ n o tice o f th e arrival o f the first H o sp ita l train for H .M . Q u e e n M a ry ’s R o y a l N a va l H o sp ita l on O c to b e r 15th , 19 14 , an d with the a ssistan ce o f th e S o u th e n d an d D istrict A u to m o b ile C lu b , th e m em bers o f th e S o u th e n d an d W e s tc liff S e ctio n St. J oh n A m b u la n ce B rig ad e an d St. Joh n V .A .D . 43, all the stretch er and sitting cases w ere co n v e y e d to th e hosp ital ra p id ly and efficien tly a lth o u gh th e w ork was carried out in early hours o f the m orning. A fte r som e m o n th s’ exp erien ce o f this m eth od o f transport we co n stru cted a w oo d en fram e w ith runners w hich c o u ld be la sh ed upon a m otor car to re ce iv e a

July, 1916

— FIR S T

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stretch er in th e sam e w ay as an a m b u la n ce w agon. A b o u t fifteen o f these fram es are regu larly in use at the present tim e, alth ou gh we h a ve now five a m b u lan ces ava ilab le un der the co n tro l o f th e various V .A .D .’s. W e b elieve that this m eth o d o f co n v e y in g in ju red persons m ay be va lu a b le in o th er tow ns or co u n try districts w here th ere is sh ortage o f a m b u lan ces, and as th e cost o f the fram e is very sm all there is no reason w hy one or m ore sh ould not be kep t for use upon privately-ow n ed cars and used in em ergen cy for th e co n v e y a n ce o f m ilitary or civilian patients. W ith regard to the use o f horse-draw n w agons as a m bu lan ces, the heavier typ es, even w hen th e floors are laid with lo o se straw, c o n v e y very co n sid erab le vibration to p atients, as th e stretch er rollers w ork throu gh the straw to th e floor o f the w agon. I f a m attress or straw boun d in rolls b e used, th e co n d itio n is greatly im proved, but in both cases th e stretch er m ust be lifted in to the w agon and laid upon th e straw or m attress, this operation bein g reversed in un lo adin g. T h u s , w hile lo ad in g upon a m attress is fairly co m fo rta b le for th e p atient it is a slow m ethod. We have, therefore, fitted th e p revio u sly m en tion ed w ooden fram e w ith le a f springs at each end, w hich rest upon the floor o f a w agon, and th e fram e is stea d ied by the sam e cord s as are used o n a m otor car. S o m e vans are wide enough for tw o o f th ese fram es, but leave no room for an orderly. V ib ra tio n is very m uch re d u ce d by this arran ge m ent and lo ad in g exp ed ited . W e are now regu larly using with satisfactory results several horse-draw n brew ers’ d elivery vans and m otor d elivery vans fitted in this mannerA n orderly is d e ta iled to each ve h icle with stretch er cases, to h orsed vans as w ell as to a m bu lan ces. In several o f the m otor a m bu lan ces difficulty has been exp erien ced w ith the runners. E ith e r th ey w ere not w ide enough to tak e both F u rle y and R .A M .C . stretchers, or the b o d y o f th e w agon was n ot lo n g en o u gh , an d it w ou ld be w ell if a stan dard w idth an d len gth o f runner co u ld be a dopted, th e d etails o f w hich m ight be p ro vid ed by the A sso cia tio n to th o se V .A .D .’s o rderin g a m b u la n ce bodies fitted to seco n d -h an d chassis. T h e average train lo ad o f w ou n d ed arrivin g here consists o f a b o u t 150 cases, the n um ber o f co t cases varyin g from 25 to 100, an d as th e ligh tin g regu lations h ave b een extrem ely strin gen t a great deal o f the lo ad in g upon the cars has b een d o n e in dark n ess with th e aid o f e lectric torch es. S o m e sev erely w ou n d ed patients h ave co m p lain ed o f the w eigh t o f b la n k e ts— in one case th e p atien t refu sed to be co vered at a ll— and in o rder to rem ed y this discom fort, we have p ro vid ed iron springs to fit eith er th e R .A .M .C . or the F u rley stretchers. T h e s e are half-hoop sh ape and can be in stantly clip p e d to the stretch er poles. B la n k ets are throw n over th e irons an d clip p ed with o rd in ary b icy cle trouser-clips, this form in g a crad le or hood. T h is arrangm ent is also useful to p ro tect patients on a m otor-car w hen the cape h o o d ca n n o t be used. W e h ave exp erien ced an o th er difficulty in several cases w hen patients have arrived in box-splints o f the B ryan t, or sim ilar pattern, so w ide that th e y c o u ld n ot be lo ad ed in to a m otor a m b u la n ce. In th ese cases the stretch er fram e u p on a to u rin g car or horse-draw n ve h icle is a great co n ve n ie n ce , as such veh icles are alw ays in atten d an ce for such an em ergen cy. O th er cases have been a sittin g p osition , an d again co u ld n ot be p lace d in the m otor am b u la n ce s in use w ith th e u p p er tier o f runners fixed, an d the horse-draw n veh icles are m ost co n ve n ie n t for these cases allo w in g, as th ey do, am p le h ead room . O n several o cca sio n s we h a d a large n u m b er o f cases

JO H N

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GAZETTE. —

o f “ trench fe e t,” m any w ith both feet b a n d a ged , an d we foun d the best m eth o d to c o n v e y th ese from th e train was pick-a-back, th e p atien t b ein g lifted back w ard s in to a touring-car with the a ssistan ce o f a bearer in th e car. W e h ave th ree or fo u r A sh fo rd litters in th e to w n a n d use th ese to re liev e th e p h y sical strain u p on th e bearers w hen a large n u m b er o f co t cases h a v e to be c o n v e y e d from the p latform to th e street. W h en th ere is a lim ited n um ber o f bearers and a carry o f 200 yards, th e strain u p o n the bearers is n atu rally co n sid e ra b le. In o rder to ensure th e regu lar a n d ste a d y su p p ly o f p atients at th e statio n e xit an d for sen d in g vario u s m essages, a field tele p h o n e is fixed from th e p latform to the e x i t ; this tak es o n ly a b o u t ten m in utes to p la ce in position. T h r e e p ick e d lo ad in g squads, e ach u n d e r a S e ctio n L ea d er, are d e ta iled at th e statio n an d tw o u n lo ad in g squads at th e hosp ital. T h e stre tch er bearers do n o t lo ad th e ve h icle s. B y usin g this sp ecia l lo a d in g sq u a d th e safety o f the p atien ts is secu re d an d rap id w ork effected . T h e m eth o d o f carryin g stretch ers up a staircase m ust, o f course, d e p e n d upon the p itch an d w ith o f th e stairs as w ell as the n ature o f th e turns. T h e w ide staircase w ith one turn and w ide treads at Q u ee n M a ry ’s h o sp ita l e n a b les tw o bearers q u ite co m fo rta b ly to carry up a stre tch er h e a d first, th e bearer at fo ot liftin g th e p oles to ch e s t lev el. F ractures are, how ever, tak en up feet first. O w in g to th e n u m b er o f m en n ow a ctin g as stre tch er bearers, w ho are o ver m ilitary age, w e h a ve fo u n d it a d v is ab le to carry o u t stretch er an d w agon e xercises w ith p atients up o n the stretch ers so that th e m u scles o f the bearers m igh t be d e v e lo p e d and, in ad d itio n , in stru ctio n is given e ach drill-n igh t in p h y sica l drill with th e sam e o b je ct, we co n sid er th at in p ea ce tim e a tten tio n s h o u ld h a ve been giv en to drill in stru ctio n w ith lo a d e d stretch ers in o rd er to train m en to carry p atients both on th e lev el and upstairs. H. L a n g le y J o n e s, C o m m a n d a n t V .A .D ., E s s e x 4 5.

N otes

and

N ew s.

I n the b rie f sp ace o f th ree years, th e A u c k la n d C e n tr e o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e A ss o cia tio n has in cre a se d its m em b ersh ip from 389 to 2,675. *

In the sp ace o f a w ee k last m on th , th e C h ie f C o m m issioner en tertain ed th e fo llo w in g visitors at the B rig a d e H o sp ita l at E t a p le s :— -O n th e 1 8th, th e D irecto r-G e n e ra l o f the F re n ch M e d ic a l S e rv ices a n d his Staff, G e n e ra l V a llie re and several d istin g u ish ed civ ilia n ge n tle m en , a m o n g them b ein g M . C o o m b ; 19 th, L o r d C r e w e ; 25th, th e F re n c h M in ister, M . B rian d, I t is hard ly n ecessa ry to a d d th at all w ere grea tly im p ressed w ith w hat th e y saw. * * * W e tak e th e fo llo w in g ex tra ct from a letter re ce iv e d from th e P rin c esse d e C h im a y . R e fe rrin g to th e gift o f a m o to r a m b u la n ce to th e Q u e e n o f th e B e lg ia n s ’ H o s p ita l at L a P a n n e , w h ich was sen t by th e “ S ilv e r T h im b le ” last O cto b e r, she w rites :— “ T h e eig h t p o in ted w h ite cross o f th e O rd e r o f St. Joh n is now alm ost as w ell k n o w n th rou gh all B e lg iu m as the G e n e v a C ross.

W h e n c o r r e s p o n d in g w i t h m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id

”

A d v e r t is e r s p le a se

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

The Grand Priory of th e Order of th e H ospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in England. Chancery o f the O rder, St. fo h n 's G ate, Clerkenw ell, London, E . C . , J u l y 13 th , i g i 6 . H is M ajesty the K in g has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the O rder of the H ospital o f St. John of Jerusalem in E n gland :— A s K n ig h t o f fu sticc (from K n ig h t o f Grace) : T h e Lord Claud Ham ilton, M .V .O ., M .P. A s K n ig h ts o f G race : S ir W illiam Lam ond A llardyce, K .C .M .G . L ieut.-Colonel F ran cis F rederick Perry, C .I.E ., F .R .C .S . T h e E arl o f H arewood. T h e Lord T redegar. A s L a d ies o f G r a c e :

G A Z E T T E .—

Jul y

[916.

D etachm ent m ay prove that they have qualified at two re-exam inations subsequent to the year in which the M edallion was gained. (4) E xam ination s fo r Dem onstrator’s Certificates.— Exam inations will be held quarterly in London, N ew castle, M anchester, Leeds, Birm ingham , Southam pton, Cardiff, D ublin and Belfast, and such other large towns as m ay be selected. A t each of them a Surgeon Exam iner will be per manently appointed. N otice o f such exam inations will be given from time to time in the S t . J o h n A m b u l a n c e G azette.

(5) E n try f o r E xa m in a tion .— Candidates must send their names and addresses to the C h ief Secretary at least 21 days before the date fixed for the exam ination, specifying at which o f the Centres mentioned in the preceding paragraph it will be most convenient for them to attend, together with a fee of 5s. for each subject on which they wish to be exam ined. T h e C h ief Secretary will then cause the names to be entered on the report form (introduced for the purpose) and despatch it to the Surgeon Exam iner concerned, who will notify the candidates when to attend if it is found necessary to extend the examination over more than one day. (6) Syllabus o f E xa m in a tion .— E ach candidate will have to answer questions viva voce, or at the discretion of the Surgeon Exam iner in writing, give practical dem onstrations and afford evidence o f his capacity for im parting instruction by delivering a short lecture on any subject w hich the Exam iner m ay select from the First A id or H om e N ursing Syllabus, as the case m ay be, and must obtain not less than 65 per cent, of marks allotted. If in the opinion of the Surgeon Exam iner he has, although obtaining 65 per cent of the aggregate, failed in an essential subject he will not be awarded a pass. T h e result o f the exam ination will be notified to candidates only through the C h ief Secretary ; no particulars o f marks gained will be furnished.

Sarah, M iss M acnaughtan. T h e Countess o f H arewood. Sarah F ran ces Graham , L ad y W akefield. C onstance A ngel, L ady A llardyce. E dith Florence, Mrs. E . M. G rant-D uff. A s E sq u ires. Lieut. Piers K eane K ekew ich, R .N . Capt. R onald D o ck ray W aterhouse. A s H o n o ra ry A ssociate : W illiam Calw ell, M .D . A s D o n a t. (S ilv e r LSadge): F rederick Solom on Phillips.

S t. John D em onstrator’s C ertificates T h e atten tio n o f readers is in vited to the follow in g rules g o v ern in g th e issue o f St. Joh n D e m o n stra to r’s C ertificates. T h e s e rules w ill co m e in to force as and from 1st O cto b e r next, on w h ich d ate the p rovision s o f p ap er N .F .C .2 w ill be w ith draw n exce p t in so far as they refer to the exam in ation o f sm all n um bers o f ca n d id ates at a re d u ce d fee. T h e s e regu latio n s h a ve re ce iv e d th e app roval o f the J oin t V .A .D . C o m m itte e for a d o p tio n on b e h a lf o f the b o d ies it represen ts :—

R E G U L A T IO N S G O V E R N IN G T H E IS S U E D E M O N S T R A T O R ’S C E R T I F I C A T E S .

AMBULANCE

(1) Object.— T o relieve Surgeon Instructors from giving practical instruction in First A id to the Injured and Home N ursing which can be adequately afforded by com petent assistants o f either sex. (2) Responsibility o f Surgeon Instructors.— T h e Surgeon Instructor will be responsible for the general conduct o f the class, and must him self give not less than six out o f twelve hours’ instruction, spread over not less than three weeks during the war, and six weeks in peace time. H e may, however, d ele gate parts o f the practical instruction to an assistant of either sex in possession of the St. John D em onstrator's Certificate in the subject, provided that no male may assist in a female class, and vice versa. It must be distinctly understood that the possession o f this Certificate does not entitle the holder to give instruction except under the direction of th e Surgeon Instructor and that the em ploym ent o f a dem onstrator is optional. ( 3) Qualifications o f Candidates.— T o be eligible to be ex am ined tor a D em onstrator’s certificate in F irst A id or H om e N ursing,, candidates must hold a certificate o f the A ssociation in the s u b j e c t and also a M edallion and two Labels ; or, instead of two L abels, m embers o f the B rigad e or o f a V olun tary A id

(7) N othing in these R egulations shall affect the existing rule which provides that trained nurses m ay lecture in Home N ursing, or prevent for the present Surgeon Instructors from availin g them selves o f the help of lay dem onstrators (though not holding a St. John Dem onstrator’s Certificate) for such parts o f the syllabus as bandaging, carrying and stretcher drill. (8) W hen a trained nurse is the lecturer in the Hom e N ursing Course she m ay not delegate any part o f the instruc tion to a demonstrator. E x am in a tio n s for the quarter en d in g 30th S eptem ber, 19 16 , w ill tak e p lace as follow s :— London ... 2nd S eptem ber. N ew ca stle . . ... 7th S eptem ber. M a n ch ester ... ... 2nd Septem ber. L eeds ... ... 2nd Septem ber. B irm in gh am ... ... 2nd S eptem ber. D u b lin ... 10th Septem ber. S o u th a m p to n ... • • • I t, , , . C a rd iff n otified in our B elfa st

::: j

next issue'

S Y L L A B U S O F E X A M IN A T IO N FOR TH E F IR S T A ID D E M O N S T R A T O R ’S C E R T I F I C A T E . 1.— The Scope o f F ir s t A id — principles and limitations. D iagnosis, determ ining needs o f a case, improvisation. N ature’s efforts and how to assist them. 2.— Elem entary Anatom y and Physiology and their A pplication to F ir s t A i d — sufficient to show a clear under standing of the reasons for the various steps to be taken when rendering F irst A id, including especially— (a) T h e skeleton, muscles, tendons, etc. (.b) T h e blood ; the heart and blood vessels ; the cir culation o f the blood. (c) T h e air, air passages and lungs ; respiration. (d) T h e organs o f digestion and their functions. (e) T h e brain, nerves and gan glia, and their functions. 3.— S u rg ica l Cleanliness— Infection. Germ s. T h e heal ing of wounds. Dressings.

J u ly , 1 9 1 6 .

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F IR ST

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4.— A l l other Subjects com prised in the First A id syllabus (paper 38). Textbooks recomm ended:— T h e official textbook of the A ssociation on the subject. “ Problem s in First A id ,” Christian & Edw ards. “ P h ysiology for Beginners,” Foster & Shore. S Y L L A B U S O F E X A M IN A T IO N FOR TH E H O M E N U R S IN G D E M O N S T R A T O R ’S C E R T IF IC A T E . 1.— Elem entary Anatom y and Physiology, and their Application to Hom e N u r sin g — sufficient to show' a clear understanding of the reasons for the various steps to be taken in connection with Home Nursing, especially— • (a) T h e skeleton, muscles, tendons, etc. (b) T h e blood ; the heart and blood vessels ; the cir culation of the blood. (c) T h e air, air passages and lungs, respiration. (d ) T h e organs of digestion and their functions. (e) T h e brain, nerves and ganglia, and their functions. 2.— Su rg ica l Cleanliness— Infection. Germs. T h e healo f wounds. Dressings. 2.— Enem ata and their administration. 4. — A l l other Subjects comprised in the Hom e Nursing syllabus (paper 60). Textbooks recommended T h e official textbook o f the Association on the subject. “ Physiology for Beginners,” Foster & Shore.

The Journey, Life and Experiences of a V.A D. in M ontenegro. {Con/inued fr o m page 223). O n our c h ie fs return to th e station, we were told to pick out sm all hand baggage an d to p ro ceed to two carriages ou tsid e the station. T h e s e so-called carriages w ere broken-dow n veh icles, w hich I regard ed with grave suspicion . I ch o se th e least gro ggy-lo o kin g and scram bled in fo llo w ed by th e tw o sisters an d one V .A .D . T h e tw o horses w ere then put to th e gallop, and kept up th e p ace right through the town, regardless o f the other traffic, holes in the road, or th e nerves o f the four o ccu p an ts. T h r e e tim es we w ere n early overturned. T h e streets w ere all h u ge co b b les, one m ight alm ost say rocks. In som e p laces th ese boulders had go t d isp lace d and the w heel on o n e side w ou ld d e scen d ab ou t 2 ft. M y nerves being fairly sound, and my clu tch on to the o th er V .A .D . bein g still soun der, I m anaged to su rvive th e jo u rn e y o f m iles w ith ou t givin g ven t to m y feelings. T h r e e room s w ere co m m a n d ee re d for the sisters, V .A .D s ., and d octors in different parts o f the tow n. I was extrem ely lu ck y in m y room . It was very clean , and th e bed a g o o d o n e with plen ty o f co ve rin g though som ew hat hard. It was arran ged that we w ere all to m eet at the restaurant in the tow n for our m eals, and at half-past tw elve I set off to it. T h e p lace ch o sen lo o k e d terrible from the outside, an d still w orse from th e in side. It was very close, full o f sm oke, and th e debris on th e various tables far from ap p etisin g to behold. T h e m eal, how ever, prepared for our unit, and for th e party o f the R .A .M .C . men, w ho had co m e on from U sk u b , was o f th e best, and I, bein g extrem ely hungry, th o ro u gh ly e n jo y e d it in spite o f the atm osp here. A fte r din ner we tw o V .A .D s ., w ith the surgeon, p ro ce ed e d to in sp ect the town. It was a cru el d a y — bitterly co ld , a gale blow in g, and at tim es there w ere h eavy sleet show ers. T h e tow n was

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

full o f w ou n d ed an d sick S erb ia n so ld iers, a n d we saw h u ndreds o f A u strian prisoners, all lo o k in g starved an d on y cla d in rags. It was o ur first real in sig h t o f th e h orrors ot th e war, and we w ere all very d e p ressed a n d g lo o m y . E v e ry seco n d m an w ore a strain ed , starved loo in is eyes. W e w ere to ld fo o d was very scarce. 1 he dirt, squalor, and forlorn lo o k a b o u t th e w h o le p lace all vow that we n ev er w ish ed to visit N ish again. VV e w ent over to see the big m ilitary h o sp ital o u tsid e th e station. T h e re were a b o u t seven h u n d red w o u n d e d m en in the surgical section . T h e in fectio u s sectio n , w h ich I d id n ot visit, was full o f typh us. W e w ere tak en ro u n d th e h o sp ita l by a S erbian d o cto r w ho, lu c k ily for us, sp o k e g o o d F re n ch . B e in g a fluen t sch o lar in that to n g u e I was a b le to glean all the k n o w le d g e our surgeon w an ted. T h is h o sp ita l was th e first o n e w e had visited in this part o f th e world. It stru ck m e as b ein g terrib ly d irty, o v e rcro w d e d , and but p o o rly m anaged. F u rth er k n o w le d g e o f th e co u n try sh o w ed m e th at the ho sp ital was w ell m an aged, an d th a t e v e ry th in g th at c o u ld b e d o n e for th e p atients was b ein g ca rried o u t w ith care. O rders w ere giv en us that e ve n in g th at w e w ere all to be at the railw ay station at 9 a.m . th e fo llo w in g m orn in g. I got up at 7 a.m . and h ad a sm all cup o f cafe au lait very w eak, and n on e too sw eet, also a p iece o f b la ck bread. A t 8.30 I h ad o n ce again to trust m y self to th e ca rriag e o f the day before. I t was n o t a lo n g jo u rn e y, but q u ite far enough, e sp e cia lly as our driver th o u g h t it rather sport to race th e carriage. F rom 9 a.m . to 10 a.m . we again p a ce d th e lin e w ait in g for our train. A t ten o ’c lo c k we w ere to ld it w o u ld n ot start until eleven , so o n e o f our sisters, a very k in d w om an, cam e and in sisted u p on our o th er V .A .D . g o in g up w ith her and o n e o f th e d o cto rs to the tow n to try and get so m e food. E ve n w eak ca fe au lait had n o t falle n to th eir lot, and they w ere bo th h u ngry and co ld . T h e s e fo rtu n ate, or un fortun ate, p eo p le h ad h a rd ly left th e station w hen we w ere to ld the train w ou ld start in fifteen m in utes. W e all to o k our seats w h en told, an d th o u g h th e gu ard k in d ly w aited ten m iuu tes o ver tim e for th e a b sen tees it was u se less, and w e w en t o ff m inus th ree o f o ur p arty. W e left w ord w ith th e a u th o rities that the th ree w ere to follo w as soon as p o ssible, and a p o licem a n was to ld o ff to brin g them safely. W e tra velled “ en lu x e ,” a w h o le first class c a r riage was reserved, an d as our party was re d u ce d by th ree we had p len ty o f room to m o ve abou t. M r. P ic h a rd had arran ged all this co m fo rt for us, and h a d tele g rap h e d to K ru sh iva tz, our n ext stop p in g p lace, for a g o o d d in n e r to be in readiness. W e reach K ru s h iv a tz at 3.30 and h a d to w alk 1^ m iles th rou gh m uch m u d up to the tow n to th e H o te l E u ro p e, w here our d in n er a w aited us. T h e less said a b o u t th e m eal th e better. W e w ere all h u n gry, I e sp e cia lly so, as I h ad h ad n o th in g w hatever sin ce 7.30 a m. W e started on a soup w h ich was so greasy it really slid dow n o n e ’s throat. B u t in this so up w ere bits o f m eat, and I m urm ured m y fears to th e surgeon , w ho p ro m p tly la id d o w n his sp oon , w ith th e rem ark “ he had h ad e n o u g h .” I had had m ore than en o u g h , I alw ays th o u g h t if h u n g ry o n e co u ld eat a n y thing, but th ere are lim its ! T h e soup was fo llo w ed by c o ld braw n. M y p iece defies d escrip tio n an d I b egan to lo n g “ for m y little grey h o m e in the W e s t ” ! T h e third co urse w as a su ck in g pig (favourite S e rb ia n dish) an d I did full ju s tic e to th e p ie ce d o led o u t to me. I h ad but o n e fault to find and that was it was to o s m a ll ! ( T o be continued.)

— F I R S T

CONTENTS

THIS

AID. —

J u ly , 1 9 1 6 .

stores ; on the official n otep ap er o f and o th er official

NUMBER.

d o cu m en ts issued b y th e S o cie ty or b y its affiliated E

—

d i t o r i a l

F irst A id in W o rksh o p s... D

is t r ic t

e p o r t s

h e

. J

o h n

’s A

...

... ... ...

...

—

No. 1 ... ... No. 3 ; No. 4 ... N o. 5 ; No. 7 ; N o. 12 T

...

... ... ... G

m b u l a n c e

a z e t t e

... ... ...

2 3 4

—

U rgen t A p p e a l... ... ... ... ... Rem iniscences o f E a rly A m bulance W ork in In d ia... Practical A m bulance W o rk at Southend ... ... N otes and N ew s ... ... ... ... T h e G rand Priory of the O rder o f the Hospital of St. John o f Jerusalem in E n glan d ... ... St. John D em onstrator’s Certificate ... ... T h e Journey, Life and Experience of a V .A .D . in M ontenegro ... ... ... ... B revities ... ... ... ... ... T h e N ew C h ief Secretary o f A m bulance D epartm ent the O rder of S t.J o h n ... ... ... H ints to H ospital O rderlies ... ... ... R eport o f the A m bulance W o rk D one on the O ccasion Sinn Fein Riots ... ... ... F irst A id Com petition at the R oyal Botanic G ardens H ostile A ir Raid D u ty ... ... ... R

e v ie w s

O n th e o th er hand, th e use o f th e em blem on p lacard s is regard ed by the W ar O ffice as u n desirable, and can o n ly b e p erm itted on th e un d erstan d in g th at such use is ca refu lly

w atch ed

an d

co n tro lled .

m ust

lim ited to p lacard s or notices issued by the S o cie ty or its affiliated su b o rd in ate bran ch es for th e purp ose o f raising funds for th e S o cie ty .

S h o u ld it be used on

8 8 9

d e vo ted in th eir en tirety to the S o cie ty .

w hole o f the profits o f such en tertain m en ts m ust be In cases

w here the profits are d ivid ed , the em blem s m ust on no

... of ... ... of ... ... ...

...

soldiers and has been h a n d ed o ver to th e

authorities.

a cco u n t be used. 11 11 12 14 15

T h e use o f th e R e d C ro ss em blem

in any form upon p rivate m otor cars is p rohibited , even w hen th ose cars are b ein g used for th e co n ve ya n ce o f sick and w ou nded soldiers.

Perm issio n can o n ly be

given for a p rivate m otor-car to carry th e em blem if it is used so lely for th e co n v e ya n ce o f sick and w ounded

R est as a F irst A id M easure... u e r ie s

th e S o cie ty for p ro ficien cy in nursing, first aid, etc.

p lacards ad vertisin g en tertain m en ts, bazaars, etc., the

—

A G uide to Pharm acy and D ispensing Q

5 5 6 7

su b o rd in a te bran ches, an d on th e badges gran ted by

a n d

n s w e r s

t o

...

o r r e s p o n d e n t s

... —

R em oval of Boot in Foot Injuries ... ... 17 T reatm ent o f Burns ... ... ... ... 17 T reatm ent o f Concussion of Brain ... ... 17 T reatm ent o f Com plicated F racture of R ibs and Sim ple Fracture of Collarbone ... ... 18 M axim um H eight o f Sick R o o m ... ... ... 18 W earing an Arm B ad ge o f the R .N .A .S .B .R . ... 18 B rigade Efficiency ... ... ... ... 18 Saluting A m bulance O fficers ... ... ... 18

m ilitary

In such ca ses w ritten

p erm ission from

the m ilitary a u th o rities is n ecessary.

W ith regard to

th e use o f the R e d C ro ss flag, p rivate houses, w hich h ave been h an d ed o ver to the m ilitary authorities for the

recep tio n

sick

an d

w o u n d ed

soldiers

are

en titled to fly th e flag w hen w ritten a u th o rity for this purp ose has been rece ive d from the W ar O ffice.

all cases w here th e R e d C ro ss flag is flown o ver such estab lish m en ts the U n io n J ack m ust be flown alon g side it.

B revities.

C h ie f co n sta b les h a ve rece ive d in struction s on th e a b o v e lines, and they w ill brin g to n o tice an y irregular uses o f the

W e

p u b lish

this

“ H o s tile A ir R a id

issue

F ir s t

A id

article

D u ty ,” and sh o u ld lik e to ca ll

em blem .

* * *

par

ticu la r atten tio n to the su ggestio n throw n o u t in th e article

M r .

J o y n s o n

H ic k s

a sk ed the Secretary for W ar, in

us par

th e H o u se o f C o m m o n s recently, w hether the volu ntary

ticu la rs o f th e arran gem en ts that h ave been m ade to co p e

a m b u la n ce co lu m n a tta ch e d to the L o n d o n d istrict had

w ith air raids.

d ealt with o ver 100,000

th at su p erin te n d e n ts or secretaries sh o u ld

sen d

N o d o u b t it is the d esire o f all a m b u la n ce

cases

at no co st o f the

S ta te ;

d iv isio n s to p erfect th eir organ isatio n s in this respect before

w hether th e organ isation was now on the verge o f collap se

th e

o w in g to th e drivers b ein g co n scrip te d ; and w hat steps h e

d ark

even in gs

return, and

learn in g

w hat

can be

p ro p o sed

ga in ed , so we h o p e som e o f our readers w ill co n fo rm to

w ou nded.

others

are d o in g

th at

usefu l

k n o w le d g e

tak e

ensure th e

safe

M r. F o ster, F in a n cia l S e cre tary

th e su gg estio n . A

m uch

* * * on the use o f th e R e d C ro ss em blem ,

m e m o ra n d u m

w ith the a p p ro val

o f th e W ar O ffice, d efin in g its e m p lo y

m o vin g the

th e

W ar O ffice,

said he b e lie ve d that this organ isation h ad carried a large n um ber o f w ou n d ed at no co st to th e State, but he was not in fo rm ed as to th e e xa ct n um ber.

H e was not aw are it

m ent on uniform s, p laca rd s, p rivate m otor cars and p rivate

was on the verge o f collapse-

hospitals, has re ce n tly been issued .

o f th e question , he su ggested that th ose w ho co n tro lled th e

T h e essen tial poin ts

In answ er to th e last part

o rgan isation sh o u ld su bm it a list o f th e drivers w ho were

are as follow s :— T h e em b lem

m ay be p ro p erly d isp lay ed on the

uniform o f th e p erso n n el o f th e S o c ie ty and o f re co g.

e m p lo y ed on the w ork

o f the

a m b u la n ce colum n .

co u ld not, how ever, u n d ertak e that this organ isation should

n ised V o lu n ta ry A id D e ta ch m en ts ; on the a m b u lan ces

be treated

and

S o cie ty , or the R o y a l A rm y M e d ica l C o rp s, as regard ed th e

o th er

v e h icle s

m aterial,

used

so lely

in clu d in g for th e

cases

co n v e y a n c e

stores and of

su ch

an y differen tly

from

th e

B ritish

en fo rcem en t o f th e liab ility to gen eral service.

R ed

C ross

J u ly ,

— F I R S T

1916

The N ew Chief S ecretary of Am bulance D epartm ent of th e Order of St. John. W O . P r i c h a r d , w hose p h o tograp h we rep ro d u ce below , has re ce n tly been a p p o in te d by the G ra n d Prior to th e post o f C h ie f S e cre ta ry o f th e A m b u la n ce D ep artm en t o f the O rd er o f St. Joh n on the retirem en t o f C o lo n e l Sir H e rb e rt C . P erro tt, Bart., C .B . M a jo r P rich a rd jo in e d the A rm y from the M ilitia on Jan uary 4th, 1899, and was po sted to th e S o u th W ales B o rd erers, O n the o u tb reak o f th e war in So u th A frica , M ajor P rich a rd p ro ceed ed with his regim en t to the front and served th rou gh o u t that cam p aign , bein g m entioned in M a jo r

A I D

H ints for

ajo r

W. O

P r ic h a r d

desp atch es for his services. A fte r som e six years sp en t in In d ia he return ed to South A frica, and su bsequ en tly a cco m p a n ied his regim en t to C h in a , return in g hom e on leave ju st prior to the o u tb re ak o f th e present war R e jo in in g his regim en t, he lan d ed in F ra n ce on A u g u st 22nd, and served in the earlier stages o f th e war until severely w ou n ded tow ards th e clo se o f th e B a ttle o f the A isn e . F o r his service on this occasio n M a jo r W . O . P rich a rd was again m entioned in desp atch es, but his injuries ren d ered im p o ssib le further a ctive p articipation in the war, an d he was in va lid ed out o f the S e rv ice tow ards th e clo se o f last year. W e are sorry to see b y th e urgent ap p eal issued by M rs. K . F u rse that there is lik ely to be a sh ortage o f V .A .D . m em bers in M ilita ry H o sp itals. O w in g to the greater req u irem en ts o f th e w ou nded, m em bers are n eed ed for this s e rv ice in ever-in creasin gly greater num bers, and we hop e that th o se w ho are not alread y on service will respon d to Mr. F u r s e ’s appeal.

H ospital

Orderlies.*

By N. C O R B E T FLETCH ER. B .A ., M .B ., B .C ., C a n ta b , M .R .C .S . A uthor o f “ A id s to F ir s t A id ; ' “ A id s to H om e N u rsin g ;' and “ W hy and Wherefore in F r s t A id ."

( Continued from page 22Q ) T

h is

ist

th e

A ,B ,C ,

I n f e c t io n .

A. A i r . — F o u l a tm o sp h e re — especially bv_ reason op dust— co n veys an d p ro gagates d isease. T h e vario u s germ s show varyin g pow ers o f resista n ce. T h u s , th e germ o f S m all-p ox can be carried a lo n g w ay, w h ereas th a t o f T y p h u s F e v e r q u ic k ly d ies in fresh air. B. B e d d i n g , B e d -c l o t h e s , & c .— T h is so u rce o f In fectio n is p ecu lia rly fertile in E n te ric F ev er, D y s e n te ry and C h o le ra , in w h ich diseases the draw -sheet is v a lu a b le on a cco u n t o f th e p ro tectio n affo rd ed to th e m attress. C. C l o t h e s , C a r p e t s , C u r t a i n s . — T h e p erso n al e qu ip m en t and th ick w oo llen a rticles are very a p t to sp read som e diseases, e.g M e asles, S ca rle t F e v e r F o rth is reason th e clo th es m ust always be d isin fe cted after in fectio u s illness, and curtain s, carp ets, & c ., are e x c lu d e d from th e W ard. D . D r a i n s . — D e fe c tiv e drain s m ay be a so u rce o f In fectio n , e sp e cia lly w hen th ere is a le a k a g e w ith c o n seq u en t co n ta m in atio n of th e w ater su p p ly. The a sso ciatio n o f oysters w ith E n te ric F e v e r is th e resu lt o f in fectio n o f the o yster-beds w ith p o llu te d w ater c o n ta in in g the sp ecial germ s, E. E x c r e t a . — T h e organ s o f e xcretio n are th e m ost com m on sources o f In fectio n . T h u s , th e skin o f the patient ( e g . Sm all-pox, C h ick e n -p o x , S ca rle t F e v e r) m ay d istrib u te the germ s b r o a d c a s t ; th e bowels (e.g. E n te ric F ever, D y se n tery , C h o le ra ) m ay sp read th ese d is e a s e s ; an d the breath m ay scatter the p oison s o f D ip h th eria , T u b e rcu lo s is o f th e L u n g , an d P lagu e. (2). R u l e s o f D i s i n f e c t i o n , T h e s e m ay be briefly su m m arised thus :— 1st, the d isin fe ctan t m ust be s u ita b le to th e p urp ose. 2nd, the d isin fectan t m ust be su fficien tly strong, 3rd, th e ap p lica tio n m ust b e su fficien tly p ro lo n g ed . (3 ) O

—

bjecss

is in f e c t io n .

D isin fe ctio n m ay be ca rried o u t by H e a t — viz., bu rn ing, boilin g, hot dry air, stea m — and b y C h e m i c a l s — e.g., vap ours (S u lp h u r, F o rm a lin ) and so lu tio n s (C a rb o lic , C reso l). D

is in f e c t io n

d ir e c t e d

a g a in s t

DEATH.

o f W ard . C h lo r id e o f L im e (1-10 0 ) or C a rb o lic A c id (1-20) so lu tion s are m ost s erv ice a b le for d isin fe ctin g drains. T h e O rd e rly , h o w ever, is m ore co n ce rn e d in the p reven tio n o f b lo c k in g o f drains with its in creased da n g er o f in fectio n . E x c r e t a o f P a tien t. T h e sam e d isin fe ctan ts w ill serve as for drains. T h e y m ust be a d d e d bulk for bulk a n d m ust remain in contact at least one hour. T h e E x c re ta (fseces an d urine) o f E n te ric F ever, D y se n tery and C h o le ra m ust n o t b e throw n dow n drains, un less and until th e y h a ve been efficien tly d isin fected . A n a lte rn ativ e m eth o d in the absence o f drainage

r a in s

* By arrangement with Messrs. John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd., 83, Gt. Titchfield-street, these Papers (when complete) will be published as a booklet, price 6d. net.

is to m ix saw dust freely w ith excreta, sp rin k le w ith paraffin, an d burn. A.

A i r o f W ard . D isin fe ctio n m ay b e carried out eith er by sprayin g th e w alls, ceilin gs, floor and furniture w ith a F o rm a lin so lu tion (8 oz. to a gallo n ), or by fu m iga tion w ith S u lp h u r, C h lo rin e or F o rm alin vap our. In each case th e d isin fectio n affects the surfaces an d the W a rd is sea led up so th at th ere is a c o m p le te stilln ess o f th e atm o sp h ere an d ab se n ce o f drau gh ts. T h e p ro cess is co m p lete d by free perflation o f air, a m ost n ecessa ry aid to d isin fe c tion.

T r a p p i n g s o f W ard .

T h e cotton a n d linen go o d s m ay e ith er be b o ile d for 30 m in utes or so ak ed in 2 per cen t. C reso l (or 5 per ce n t. C a rb o lic ) so lu tion for at lea st 2 hours. B la n k e ts a n d woollen goods are sterilised by steam d isin fection . A l l bulky articles— e.g., m attresses, pillow s, clo th suits, & c., are sim ilarly treated by steam . B edsteads, tables, chairs m ust be s cru b b e d w ith soap and w ater, and w ashed over w ith stron g d isin fe ctan t so lu tion . F eed in g and d rin k in g cups m ay b e cle a n ed by free use of sm all brush an d w ater co n ta in in g som e w ashing soda, and m ay be d isin fe cted eith er by p la cin g in a n tisep tic so lu tion for th irty m in utes or, b etter still, by p lacin g in co ld water, w h ich is grad u ally raised to and m ain tain ed at b o ilin g p oin t for five m inutes. B ed p a n s, spittoons, u rin a ls requ ire carefu l d isin fectio n and m ust be critica lly in sp e cte d befo re th ey are regard ed as free from p o llu tio n . T h e ir clean sin g m ay be a cco m p lish e d by su b m ittin g them first to a stream o f w ater from th e tap, th en by a llo w in g them to so ak in w ater co n ta in in g som e s o lv e n t— e.g, soda, for b e d p a n s ; salt, for sp ittoons ; som e w eak n itric a cid , for u rin als— and by co m p letin g the process w ith a m op of co tto n w oo l a tta ch e d to a p iece o f stick and carefu lly w orked rou n d and a b ou t th e vessels. A sm all q u a n tity o f an tisep tic lo tion sh o u ld be p laced befo re use in each vessel, w h ich (in th e case o f urinals and bed p an s) sh ould be em p tied im m ed iately afterw ards, or (in th e ca se o f sp ittin g cup) at least tw ice a day.

H a n d s o f A tte n d a n ts.

I n In fectious Illn ess the hands are the real so u rce o f dan g er to S ister and O rderly. In su ch cases, therefore, th e A tte n d a n ts — after every m a n ip u latio n o f th e patient, and e sp ecially b efo re p artakin g o f fo o d — m ust scru b their hands w ell w ith soap an d w ater, p ay in g p articu lar a tten tion to th e finger-nails, and co m p lete the d isin fec tion by so ak in g them in an tisep tic so lu tion (P e r ch lo rid e o f M ercu ry, 1-2000; C a rb o lic A cid , 1-40) for at least tw o m inutes. I n the dressing of Septic W ounds th e h a n d s p ro vid e th e so urce of in fectio n to th e A tte n d a n ts, a m o n g w hom cases o f A c u te S e p tic P o iso n in g o cca sio n a lly occur. For this reason, any w ounds, cuts or a b ra sio n s— however sm a ll or insignificant— o i the hands, m ust be im m e d iately d isin fe cted and k e p t co ve re d eith er with flex ib le c o llo d io n or w ith the p rep aratio n of co llo d io n , o th erw ise k n o w n as N ew -Skin. ( T o be continued).

W hen corresponding w ith A dvertisers please m en tion “ F irst Aid.”

Report of th e Am bulance W ork done on th e Occasion of the Sinn Fein Riots. ( Concluded fro m page 2 2 0 .) T h e m a rvello u sly short tim e in w hich th ese hospitals w ere started and e q u ip p e d sp eak m uch, n ot o n ly for the kin d n ess and gen ero sity o f th ose w ho len t b e d d in g and equ ipm en t, but for th e high organ ising pow ers o f those w ho staffed them . A cco m m o d a tio n now bein g ready, th e evacu atio n o f w ou n d ed from cro w d e d hosp itals began , Sir P a trick D u n ’s an d th e A d e la id e b ein g th e first to be relieved. T h e latter ho sp ital b ein g short o f fo o d stuffs, provisions w ere also tak en in, and rum our sp read am on gst th e in surgents that th e hosp ital was b ein g e va cu a te d in order to allow th e m ilitary to o ccu p y it as a p oint from w hich to a tta ck M essrs. J a c o b ’s factory. It was th ereu p on resolved to fire u p on the hospital, and this was o n ly p reven ted by the persu asion s o f one o f the rebel leaders, w ho forced the in su rgen ts to vo te upon the m atter, w hen a few votes d e cid e d against the p ro p o sed a ttack. O th er d u ties tak en o ver by the d ivisio n s or isolated m em bers w ere th e ho u sin g o f refugee w om en an d children , h elp in g th e R .A .M .C . dressing stations, ca rryin g bales o f dressings on stretch ers to th e variou s G e n e ra l H o sp ita ls that w an ted them (often through the firing line), feedin g th e poor, and ren d erin g first aid to n um erous civilian s. T h e division s and m em bers livin g in th e n eigh b o u r h o o d o f K in gsto w n and B la ck ro ck were p reven ted from gettin g into tow n, an d o ccu p ie d th em selves in a m ost use ful m anner in lo o k in g after the w ants o f th e la rg e b o d y o f troops w ho were co n tin u a lly arriving. T h is in clu d e d the p reparatian o f beds, fo od and, in som e cases, clothin g. O u r auxiliary ho sp ital at M o n kstow n h ouse to o k in large n um bers o f c a s u a ltie s as well. A large n um ber o f m em bers also were h a n d ed o ver to the C ity B ra n ch o f the B .R .C .S ., and u n d e rto o k a large q u an tity o f w ashin g from the C a stle H o sp ita l. In gen eral it m ust be said that the w ork o f th e N u rs in g D iv isio n s was extrem ely go o d , and, w hat is even m ore co m m e n d a b le , th e spirit w hich an im ated every in d ivid u al m em ber was b e yo n d all praise. N e a rly e very o n e show ed that they h ad learn t two great lesson s, first to be p lu ck y , resourceful and co m p eten t, and s eco n d ly to obey. W e were p articularly struck with the w ay in w hich m em bers took orders to d e v o te th em selves to dull, arduou s an d u n in terestin g w ork w ith the sam e ch e er fulness as to nursing in th e wards. I t was particularly try in g for m any w ho had lab ou red to equ ip the auxiliary hosp itals and then foun d th at no cases were to be sent them , but th ey show ed an ad m irab le spirit o f cheerfulness th rou gh it all and seem ed quite co n te n t so lo n g as they co u ld be o f use. A s an exam p le o f this w e ap p en d a report tak en at random from th e m any we h ave received , not b e ca u se this D iv isio n was any better than others b u t because it show s w ell the ch eerfu l spirit o f everyone. M y husband and I were spending E aster out of town. On M onday a report cam e that there was a rising in Dublin, and as the telephone and telegraph were cut off we could get no reliable information, but the few people who got through brought such grave news that we felt we must get home, so packed up to be in readiness for a start in the morning. W hen we got to the station we found no trains were running and a lot o f people who wanted to get to Belfast were waiting for hours.

J u ly , 1 9 1 6 .

—

F I R S T

A s it was evidently useless to wait we left all our lu g ga ge and started on foot. W e had no difficulty till we got to the C ity, but from that on we were turned back at so m any barricades that we almost despaired of crossing the river, but by dint o f perserverance and a good deal of w alking at length succeeded finally in crossing Carlisle Bridge. Next day at 12 noon I and other members o f the D ivision were at the W .H .S depot, where we were told to make em ergency dressings. W hile working at these we were told that the house was to be converted into a hospital and beds were wanted, could we get som e? W e all went home and gathered beds, bedding and necessary household utensils which we carried down to 40, Merrion-square. W e then went to various houses in M errion-square and neighbourhood and carried in beds, etc. T h e next problem was to provision the establishm ent, and we went to Ireland’s provision shop and after long knocking succeeded in getting in, and Mr. Ireland made up parcels of provisions with which we loaded ourselves. On our return, we w ere goin g on an errand to E lpis, when, just as we were close to it, furious shooting began from the window on the entrance floor next to Elpis •* between us and our goal at some soldiers across the street who at once replied in kind, so we thought discretion the better part o f valour and reluctantly had to return without fulfilling our errand. T h e rest o f the day we worked about the house gettin g things in order, helping with the wounded and doing various errands. One member undertook the laundry and washed steadily all day and every day from the opening till the close, sending everything home clean. She washed all the things used at operations, including some very soiled blankets, and was assisted at times, when the quantity of clothes was too great for one person to deal with, by members o f my own and other Divisions, who also helped at the mangle. In the intervals of house work or nursing, we made em ergency dressings, and while working at them volunteers were asked for to fetch coal. Several at once jum ped up and the coal was got. T h e next call was for volunteers to do laundry for the Castle H ospital, which was undertaken by three members and a couple o f members o f another Division, who were sent into Sir Robert W oods who kindly lent his laundry for the purpose. T h e y washed steadily as long as required ; the clothes were m angled and hdng out to dry in Merrion - square, on lines erected by some of the stretcher bearers and orderlies. M any o f my members were from home ; others had the care of aged relatives or young children, and though unable to work at the Centre, did whatever they could in their own vicinity. O ne member treated, in her own house, a soldier suffering from what seemed like sun or heat stroke, and when able to be moved brought him to B aggot-street Hospital. A ll the members looked after soldiers in their own neighbourhood and made comforts for them. W hen the hospital was evacuated the members worked at providing meals for soldiers, m aking dressings and shirts. In conclusion, I would like to express my great satisfaction at how adm irably the whole organisation worked, the sole anxiety o f everyone I met was to be o f use, no matter in how humble a capacity, and we all felt it a great privilege to have an opportunity o f doing even a little.” A sp le n did feature was the way in w hich girls who were un able to report themselves the first day and found wards arranged w hen they cam e were quite willing to un dertak e the laundry, etc., even though they were skilled hospital workers. T h e courageous, cheerful spirit o f the m em bers was even more adm irable than their actual achievem en ts, excellen t as these were. T ribu te

m ay be

p a i d h e r e to t h e tr u l y m a g n i f i c e n t

A I D . —

13'

w ork d o n e by th e m otor a m b u la n c e s e rv ice p ro v id e d by the Irish A u to m o b ile C lu b and th e s p le n d id co u ra g e an d b ravery show n by th e drivers. A n u m b e r o f th ese am b u la n ce s staffed b y our o rd erlies w ere p la c e d u n d e r th e R .A .M .C . at vario u s centres, an d o th ers w o rk e d w ith th e civ il a m b u la n ce u n der th e d irectio n o f th e D e p u ty C o m m issioner. T o say th at th eir service s w ere in v a lu a b le is to use a h a ck n e y e d w ord th at sca rce ly co n v e y s e n o u g h m ean ing. It is difficult to im a gin e how a n y re a lly a ffe ctiv e h elp to w ou n ded or to hosp itals c o u ld h a ve been giv en in the ab se n ce o f th ese cars, for w ith ou t them th e w o u n d e d co u ld not h ave been carried in to h o sp itals in m a n y cases ow in g to the d ista n ce to be tra ve lled , an d in o th ers ow in g to the great dan ger; certain p o sitio n s c o u ld n ot h a v e been re a ch ed and, co n se q u e n tly , m uch suffering w ou ld h ave been en ta ile d up o n the w ou n ded, an d m any lives w ou ld in ev ita b ly h a ve been lo st. D a y by d a y th ese cars ran th e gau n tlet o f bullet-sw ep t streets, fre q u en tly stru ck by sh o ts w hilst on their jo u rn e y s to an d f r o ; th e d an gers alw ays present by day in creased a h u n d red fo ld by n ight, w hen streets sh rou d ed in C im m eria n d a rk n ess an d e n cu m b e re d with o b sta cle s had to be n eg o tia te d w ith o u t th e aid o f lights. M a n y and vario u s a d ve n tu res befell th e sq u a d s with these cars, but am o n gst th e rep orts furn ished o f their work, the fo llo w in g extract m ay be giv en as illu stra tiv e o f typ ica l o f th e service s ren d ered . “ T h e n orth sid e o f th e q u a y s ju s t o ver C a p el-stre et B rid ge had alw ays to be ru sh ed at as high a sp eed as p o s sible, it b ein g co n sta n tly sw ept by fire from the F o u r C o u rts, an d our w on derful driver ju st g lo ried in th e p ace he g o t out o f our very fast a m b u la n ce . O n several o c c a sions elsew h ere we w ere very th a n k fu l in d ee d it was so fast, and w on d erfu lly driven. W h ile n ot sayin g w e were d e lib erately fired on, th e fact rem ains, w e c a n n o t re ca ll a sin g le jo u rn e y on w h ich we d id n ot get a bu llet th ro u gh so m e w here. P ic tu re th e co n d itio n s, no traffic o f course, but glass eve ry w h ere aro u n d ; tram w ires co ile d in big lo o p s ly in g abou t, and o n ce we h ad to stop m u ch a gain st our w ill at th e top o f C a p el-stre et an d re m o ve yards o f te le ph on e wire co ile d rou n d our w heels m akin g progress im p o ssible ; houses p artly dow n e v e ry w h e r e ; m ilitary barri cades, etc., all to be n o te d and re co g n ised in the d a y tim e, for it was in d ee d n ecessa ry to rem em b er them w fv.n o u t at n ight. N o street lam ps ligh ted , no h o u ses ligh ted, no head lam ps on th e a m b u la n c e — n o th in g but S ty g ia n darkness, so if o b sta cle s w ere n ot rem em b ered th e c o n se q u en ces m ight be aw kw ard. Y e t our d rive r n ev er m ade a m istake, he d ro v e ca refu lly, but very s k ilfu lly an d fast, and brou ght us h o m e safe. H e m ade ligh t o f all d ifficulties, and we feel m ost gratefu l to his skill and co u rag e, and h ave sin ce ten d e re d him o ur thanks. O n e run was very lik e another, w h eth er w e p ick e d up w o u n d ed in C ap el-street, N o rth K in g ’s-street, G re a t B ritainstreet, U s s h e r’s Irlan d , etc. ; th ere was little differen ce, and a string o f p laces say we p ick e d up tw o here a n d tw o th ere w ou ld be m ost un interestin g, suffice it to p ut one run in w hich all to o k part w ill alw ays rem em ber. C a p ta in S ta n le y a sk ed us at 9.20 on S a tu rd a y even in g w ou ld we go to C h u rch -stree t an d tak e in tw o very b ad ly w o u n d ed soldiers ; it was, he said, h azard ou s an d (w e all k n ew he was up to his eyes in w ork) co u ld n o t a cco m p a n y us. L ie u te n a n t A lle n was aw ay on th e o th er a m b u lan ce. W h en our squ ad was a sk ed th ey said n o th in g — th en our d river sim p ly cran k ed up, so m eo n e re p o rted “ all a b o a rd ,” an d w ith ou t a n o th er w ord w e w ere off. W h en we re a ch ed the m ilitary b a rricad e in N o rth K in g -stre et w e w ere to ld we co u ld go no furth er w ith th e a m b u lan ce, as it was m ost unsafe, th e o u tly in g en e m y

- H R S T n o t y et h a v in g re ce iv e d any new s o f th e surrender o f their lead ers. W e left th e a m b u la n ce and put our stretch ers in th e a rm o u red m otor ca r an d p ro ce ed e d , as it seem ed to us after o ur fast a m b u la n ce , at a sn a il’s p ace to C h u rch -street a n d sto p p ed o u tsid e a p u b lic house at a p lace w here “ F o u r w ays m e et.” T h e arm o u red car tu rn e d so as to in terp ose its b u lk , as far as p o ssib le, betw een th e snipers an d our selves, an d we o p e n e d the door, threw out th e stretchers, an d a ctin g on in stru ctio n s ju m p e d out ourselves, lay dow n in th e street a n d craw led , d rag g in g the stretch ers after us, in to th e house. T h e sh o p was sm all, a w o o d e n co u n ter in front, no p late-glass w indow s, six or seven soldiers (tw o d ead ), tw o R .A .M .C . m en, five o f our squ ad and the sergean t in ch a rg e o f so ld iers all ly in g d o w n . O n e o f us lifte d his head to see w here th e w o u n d e d lay, an d was to ld m ore fo rcib ly th an p o lite ly to k e e p his head dow n unless we h ad a spare stretch er. It was n ot easy in a n y ca se to load a m an on to a stretch er, b u t ly in g dow n y o u rse lf in the dark, and un der fire, do es n ot m a k e m atters m ore easy. H o w ev er, w e got th e m en on the stretch ers an d lo a d e d in to the arm oured ca r safely. T w o bearers h ad very n arrow escap es, bullets p assin g th rou gh th eir clo th in g ; one stretch er h a n d le had a sp lin ter k n o c k e d out o f th e extrem e end. T w o stretch ers lo a d e d tak e up a great deal o f room , an d h a vin g seen all safely aw ay, our su p erin ten d en t h ad to rem ain b eh in d , th e arm oured car p ro m isin g to return later on a n d tak e him an d th e soldiers away. T h e snipers w ere very b u sy w hen the arm o u red car w en t off, several bu llets strikin g the floor a short d istan ce from th e b u lk h e a d b eh in d w h ich th e soldiers w ere lying. A n o ta b le feature was th e extrem e care an d co rrect h a n d lin g giv en by the stretch er bearers am id the m ost n erve-trying co n d itio n s. T h e ir first th o u g h t was for the co m fo rt o f the p atien t an d th e best m eth o d o f ensuring safe and co m fo rta b le carriage, n ot alw ays an easy m atter w hen , perhaps, the bearers had to w alk half-a-m ile at n ight w ith a cross-fire settin g th eir th o u g h ts on o th er m atters than text-b o o k rules for ca rryin g p atien ts, or w hen w ou n d ed had to be tak en from th e to p o f a five storey b u ild in g w ith steep an d n arrow stairw ays. M e m b ers o f the b rigad e p erfo rm ed d u ty in all the zon es w here figh tin g was tak in g place, an d ro u gh ly these m ay be d iv id e d in to th ree large areas— from th e C u sto m H o u s e H o u s e to K in g s b r id g e on o n e han d, from K in g sb rid ge to D u b lin C a stle , an d from the C a s tle to R in gse n d , em b ra cin g all w ith in th e city boun dary. F ro m th ese areas w o u n d e d w ere c o lle c te d by m en and nurses, w h o w en t on fo ot an d in a m b u la n ce w agons ren d erin g first a id a n d tran sp ortin g patients to hospital, un d er circu m stan ces o f great da n g er and d iffic u lty ; and w h en it is re m e m b ered that the m ilitary ca su alities during th e in su rrectio n a m o u n te d to over 500, an d the civilian losses in k ille d an d w o u n d e d to m ore than 1,000, som e id e a m ay b e form ed o f th e em erge n cy w h ich th e a m b u la n ce m en an d w om en o f D u b lin face d d u rin g th e “ B la c k W e e k .”

T h e d irecto rs o f the R u ssia n R e d C ro ss S o cie ty , h ave a d d re ss to th e R e d C ro ss in vario u s co u n tries and to the in tern a tio n al co m m ittee at G e n e v a a telegram exp ressin g p rq fo u n d in d ign atio n and its p rotest again st th e latest crim e c o m m itte d b y a n en e m y su b m arin e w h ich on J u ly 8th to rp e d o e d th e R u s s ia n h o sp ita l ship V p e r io d in th e B la c k S ea.

AID. —

July, 1916.

F irst Aid Com petitions a t th e Royal B otanic Gardens. F i r s t A id an d H o m e N u rsin g C o m p e titio n s w ere h e ld at th e R o y a l B o ta n ic G ard en s, R e g e n t’s P ark, on the 4th inst., th e o cca sio n b ein g the seven th ann ual m eetin g o f the M etro p o litan P o lic e S h o o tin g L ea g u e , in aid o f th e funds o f the M etro p o litan an d C ity P o lic e O rp h a n a ge and other p o lic e charities. T h e re was a large an d in flu en tial gath erin g, an d great in terest was tak en in the first a id co m p etitio n s by th e visitors, large n um bers w itn essin g co n tests and g iv in g the co m p etito rs h earty recep tio n s. T h e results w ere as follow s :— T h e St. J o h n C h a lle n g e S h ield , p resen ted by M ajo r P arson s (C h ie f C o n sta b le ) in 19 14 , with a view to stim ulate interest in first aid in th e M e tro p o litan P o lice , an d to m aintain in d ivid u a l efficien cy, was co n te ste d for. O f 18 team s co m p etin g in th e p relim in ary con tests, th e 7 gain in g the high est m arks co m p ete d in th e final, w ith th e result that “ R ” (B la c k h e a th D iv isio n ) w ere w inners and “ S ” (H a m p ste a d D iv isio n ) secon d. In view o f th e h earty co-op eration in p o lice d u ty with the M e tro p o litan P o lic e and the keen in terest tak en in ren derin g first aid, a co m p etitio n op en to the S p ecia l C o n stab u lary o f th e m etropolis was held to re cip ro ca te th e spirit o f co m radesh ip , and to en co u rage an efficient kn o w le d g e o f first aid. T h e 6 team s w ho gain ed the high est m arks in th e prelim inary co n tests co m p eted , an d “ R ” (B la ck h e a th D iv isio n ) w ere w inners, w ith “ N ” (S to k e N ew in gto n D iv isio n ) seco n d . A co m p etitio n , p ro m o ted as a sm all m ark o f a p p recia tion o f th e p ublic-sp irited w ay in w h ich the m em bers o f the various so cieties w ho h ad registered to assist th e M e tro p olitan p o lice in the eve n t o f casualties arising from h o stile air raids, was an item o f m u ch interest. T h e St. Joh n A m b u la n ce B rig ad e, the B ritish R e d C ro ss S o c ie ty (C o u n ty o f L o n d o n B ran ch ), th e C o u n ty o f M id d le se x V o lu n ta ry A id O rgan isatio n (T o tte n h a m an d E d m o n to n C e n tre), and the n t h V o lu n ta ry A id D e ta ch m en t, e n tered team s for this event. T h e co m p etitio n was o p en to m ale and fem ale team s, and the St. Joh n A m b u la n c e B rig a d e were w inners an d the B ritish R e d C ro ss S o cie ty seco n d , in bo th classes. T h e hom e n ursin g co m p etitio n was op en to all p o lice officers an d m em bers o f their fam ilies, an d was ju d g e d by M iss Sw ift, m atron-in-chief, B ritish R e d C ro ss S o cie ty , assisted by co m m an d an ts o f the St. J o h n an d R e d C ro ss So cieties. T h e 1st prize for lad ies was w on by M iss A . B. C la y d e n ; 2nd, M rs. E . M u n d a y . T h e 1st prize for m en was secu red by Sergt. S co tt, “ X ” D iv isio n , w hose son also g a in ed a sp ecia l prize k in d ly p resen ted by M iss Sw ift, w hile each co m p etito r re ce iv e d a souvenir. T h is co m p eti tion is in itiated w ith a view to in crease th e k n o w le d ge o f n ursin g in th e h o m e o f p o lic e officers, and such a ve n ture is deservin g o f success. T h e ju d g in g o f the first a id co m p etitio n s was k in d ly u n d ertak en b y R . B . D u n ca n , E sq ., M . D . ; C . J. R . M a c F a d d e n , E sq ., M .D ., and C o l. C a n tlie , R .A .M .C .( T .F .) . T h e prizes w ere p resen ted by L a d y H en ry. T h e fo llo w in g was the m arkin g sh eet o f the p o lice c o m p e titio n :—

A t the B otanical G ardens, R egent’s Park, you see this man lyin g on the ground. W h en spoken to he answers in a drow sy manner which arouses your suspicion that there is

J u ly ,

— FIRST

1916

something seriously wrong. T h e ju d ge will only answer questions if satisfied that the examination justifies it. N .B .— Patient lyin g on left side with hand in right pocket. P

r e l im in a r y

E nquiry as to sym ptom s (Says he has hurt his left foot) Exam ination o f patient. (M uch swelling about ankle. N o signs of fracture observed. N o indication of injury to head or rest o f body) ... ... Finding bottle in pocket ... ... ... ... O bserving that bottle is full ... ... ... ... Preserving bottle ... ... ... ... ... O bservation o f surroundings ... ... ... F ind ing a partly full bottle by wall ... ... ... Sm elling contents ... ... ... ... ... Preserving bottle ... ... ... ... ... Prom ptly asking patient his name and address (5, Smithstreet, Berm ondsey ; will only be given if question promptly put) ... ... ... E nquiry as to m edical help. (D octor and Hospital J-mile off in opposite directions) ... ... ... P

o is o n in g

oot

5 5 5 2 2 5 2 2

3 10 2 5 2 2 5 2 3 6 2 2 5

... ... ...

3 2 4

Q uick preparation of stretcher ... ... ... Q uick loading ... ... ... ... ... Q uick carryin g to Hospital ... ... ... ... C h an gin g bearers and exam ining breathing (breathing very slow and stertorous) ... ... ... U n loading ... ... ... ... ... M essage home ... ... ... ... ... E xtra marks including tact, discretion, & c. ... ...

10 10 20

e n e r a l

... ... ...

5 5 2 14

R eview s. A

G U ID E

PH ARM ACY

AND

D IS P E N S IN G .

B y C. J. S. Thom pson. London : T h e Scientific Press, Ltd. P r ice is . net. T h e success which has attended the many previous editions o f this little book proves it to have served a useful purpose, T h e present edition has been com pletely revised, in accordance with the British Pharmacopoeia o f 1914, and a chapter has been added indicating the course o f study n eces sary for those who are desirous of qualifying as pharm acists. T he subject is carefully explained in simple language, and it includes much valuable information, which should be o f service to all those interested in R ed Cross work.

W h e n c o rre sp o n d in g w ith A d v e rtis e rs p le ase m e n on “ F ir s t A id .”

H ostile

Air

Raid

D uty.

B v R . H . G I B S O N , C o rp s S e cre ta ry, M a n c h e s te r S p e cia l P o lic e A m b u la n c e C o rp s.

A r r a n g e m e n t s

for this m ost im p o rtan t d u ty has

been

en g ag in g the serious a tte n tio n o f m any co rp s a n d d iv isio n s for som e m onths, and, co n se q u e n tly , a desire

for

w ou ld

division s

in fo rm atio n both

w id e ly e x te n d e d

an d a ctu al e x p e rie n ce s o f o th ers

in terestin g

an d

h ave w ritten to m e

in stru ctive.

a sk in g

S e v e ra l

for d e ta ils o f o ur

arran gem en t, an d to th ese req u ests I h a ve very w illin g ly rep lied, for

T igh t bandage over boot ... W etted ... ... ... F eet and knees tied lest fracture

D etectin g smell o f breath ... ... ... ... E xam ining eyes (pupils small) ... ... ... T ick lin g back of throat ; head to one side (no effect) ... Sending for mustard, salt and water (arrives in due course) ... ... ... ... ... A ttem pts to obtain perm anganate o f potash (not available) M aking em etic ... ... ... ... ... A ttem pts to make patient drink. (T oo drowsy to drink from glass ; he is worse than he w a s )... ... T estin g eyes. (Pin point pupils, but respond to to u ch )... Introducing em etic between teeth and cheek ; head on one side. (N o effect, patient now unconscious) A gain testing eyes. (D o not respond) ... ... Exam ining breathing (slow and stertorous) ... ... Further attem pts to arouse, shouting, slapping, & c. (N o effect) ... ... ... ... ...

AID.—

requirem en ts

th e of

su b je c t each

bristles lo c a lity

w ith vary

difficulties. so

grea tly

The

th at n o

stan dard sch em e can b e fo rm u la ted th at w ou ld be a p p lic able to all, so that each d iv isio n m ust be la rg e ly left to m ake its ow n arra n gem en ts a c c o rd in g to lo ca l re q u ire m ents. T o assist d ivisio n s to p erfect th eir plans, I re sp e ctfu lly suggest that th ey s h o u ld each sen d a rep o rt to th e E d ito r o f F i r s t A i d , g iv in g d eta ils o f th eir arran gem en ts for this duty, also th e p ecu lia r d ifficu lties th e y h ad to face an d o verco m e. N o d o u b t th ese reports w o u ld p ro vid e a series o f in terestin g an d in stru ctive articles, and th e p ages o f F ir s t A id w ou ld also p ro vid e “ m utual a i d ” for its readers— a th in g I am assu red w ou ld be grate fu l to th e heart o f our re sp e cted E d ito r. W ith this o b je c t in view , I offer d eta ils o f th e a rra n g e m ents m ade by the M a n ch e ste r S p e cia l P o lic e A m b u la n c e C orps. O u r C o rp s S u p e rin te n d en t an d C h ie f C o n s ta b le , R o b e rt P e a c o c k , E sq ., M . V . O , w ho is also H o n . S e rv in g B roth er in th e O rd er, a llo tte d to o ur co rp s six a m b u la n ce and dressin g stations, an d w e are resp o n sib le for the ce n tra l portion o f th e city . T h e station s bein g fixed, our officers n ext so u gh t to find th e n earest co n v e n ie n t room w h ere the m en c o u ld a ssem b le w ith ou t crea tin g u n n ece ssa ry alarm and be sh eltered in b a d w eather. T h e ow ners o f the n eigh b o u rin g bu ild in gs w ere m ost w illin g to assist, an d gran ted th e use o f a room in e ve ry ca se free o f ch arg e. W e h ave also at every p la ce o f a sse m b ly th e p riv ile ge o f usin g th e telep h o n e. T h e p erso n n el o f e ach statio n c o n sists o f the o fficer in ch arge, tw o a m b u la n ce officers a n d 15 to 20 m en, in clu d in g o n e or m ore c y c le o rd erlies for use in case o f b rea kd o w n by te le p h o n ic co m m u n ica tio n . A tele p h o n e o rd erly is a p p o in te d for e ach station w ith in stru c tions to w rite all m essages in a p ro v id ed ca rb o n bo o k. A n a tte n d a n ce register is k e p t at e a ch station, an d e ach m em b er w rites dow n th e tim e o f his arrival. A horse or m otor a m b u la n ce van, u n d er the co n tro l o f a C it y P o lic e a m b u la n ce driver, w ill be in a tte n d a n ce at each a m b u la n ce station. T h e van w ill b e used for c o n v e y in g th e m em bers to th e scen e o f a c t io n ; it co n ta in s a lso an a d d itio n a l q u a n tity o f dressings an d an a m b u la n ce bed, also a n u m b er o f oil lam ps for use in ca se o f b rea k in g dow n o f ligh tin g arran gem en ts. E a c h statio n is e q u ip p e d with tw o stretch ers, four arm y rugs, tw o h a versa cks co n ta in in g dressings, large splints, an d a lib eral q u a n tity o f carron oil. E a c h m em ber w ill carry a t least his e m e rg e n cy b a g o f “ first a id ” requirem en ts. H e w ill w ear his S p e c ia l P o lic e kit, or p refera b ly his b rigad e cap, p o lic e w h istle an d p o lic e a m b u la n ce brassard, a p o ck e t flash lam p, a pair o f scissors w ith b lu n te d poin ts, a w ater-bo ttle and d rin kin g-cu p . M e m b ers are a d vised for e m erg e n cy to alw ays ca rry a

— F I R S T

R est

as By

F irst

Aid

M easure.

H A M I L T O N , B .A ., M .D .

th e a d m ira b le a rticle by M r. W . R . E d w ard s in the M a y n u m b er o f F i r s t A i d , o n “ N a tu re as a F irst A id e r ,” h e referred very briefly to the in flu en ce o f rest. T h e true sig n ifican ce o f rest as N a tu re ’s great restorer in “ the th o u sa n d n atural sh o ck s that flesh is heir to ” is not fully a p p re cia te d by th e a vera ge a m b u la n ce student. O n e m ight even argu e that p ro vid ed a su itab le am o u n t o f rest were m ain tain ed , m ost ills an d in juries w ou ld reco ver w ithout furth er assistan ce, o n ly to be m et w ith th e retort from

H a m le t— “ ’T w e re to co n sid er too cu rio u sly to co n sid er so .” In h ealth , fatigue is th e d em an d o f th e hu m an organism or r e s t ; in d isease an d in ju ry p a in is th e great cry for rest.

T h e

p erso n n el

o f

th e

tion. T h is h e ach iev es b y the ap p lica tio n o f splints. L ater, N a tu re h erself puts in a sp lin t in the form o f “ callu s ” upon the exterior o f the bon e in clu d in g th e frac ture, for th e purp ose o f k e ep in g th e fractured ends o f the bon e in actu al rest. In in juries to jo in ts, C a n tlie ’s m anual in structs the student to “ afford rest ” by splint or sling, as the case m ay be. In th e case o f th e k n ee and ankle, elevatio n o f the lim b w ou ld also be o f value. W h y is rest so n ecessary to an in ju red jo in t? I f th e in ju ry is a p en etratin g w ou nd (bu llet, b ayo n et, e tc.) the syn o vial fluid m ay h ave drain ed away, or the sm o o th cartilagin o u s surfaces m ay have been d a m ag ed ; a n y m ovem en t th erefo re w ou ld be a cco m p a n ied b y great friction in th e join t and further dam age. E le v a tion o f th e lim b relaxes the extensors and facilitates the return o f ven ou s b lo o d from the lim b. W h at is the su itab le treatm ent for a sp rain ed a n k le w hen the sufferer returns h o m e ? R est, elevatio n of th e lim b, a ba n d a ge and c o ld w ater— but rest first and con-

A le x a n d r a

T h e y are all members o f the M .H .H .R . In h ealth sleep follow s toil ; even the heart m u scle rests after each co n tractio n . T a k e th e case o f co n cu ssio n o f the brain. In C a n tlie ’s m anu al we find “ a cau tio n should th erefo re be given to a p atien t n ot to resum e p h y sical or m ental a c tiv ity .” It is in ten d ed b y this w arning to secu re co m p lete rest to a brain w h ich has suffered co n cu ssion . S u ch a d istu rb ed brain is d e fe ctive , and w hatever th e d e ran gem en t o f structu re m ay be w hich exists w ith co n cu s sion, the brain is u n eq u al to o rd in ary d u ties and requires a b se n ce from o ccu p a tio n or rest for its reco very. Too early a return to m ental a ctiv ity m ay lead to ch ro n ic brain lexion s. . In treatin g fractures, the aim o f th e a m b u la n ce man an d the surgeon is to k e e p the lim b a t rest in a g o o d posi-

Ju ly, 19 16 .

A I D . —

H o s p ita l,

C osh am ,

H a n ts.

T h e Hospital has 350 beds.

tin u ou sly. E le v a tio n assists by e m p tyin g the capillaries and freeing them from th eir state o f con gestion . T h e s e are a few exam p les to illustrate the n ee d for rest, but the th o u g h tfu l a m b u la n ce stu d en t w ill read ily c a ll’ to m ind m any others. I f the causes o f the various sym pto m s in any in ju ry are carefu lly tra ced o u t the danger o f m ed d leso m e treatm ent w ill be avo id ed . T h u s in co n cussion o f th e brain, if the ca u se o f th e im p aired fun ction b e u n d erstoo d , th e first aider w ill avo id givin g stim u lan ts w hich excite q u ick rea ctio n and do m uch m ischief. T h e qu o tatio n from V irg il is q u ite as a p p lica b le to first aiders as to p h y sician s— “ F e l i x q u i p o tu it rerum cognoscere ca u sa s” (H a p p y th e m an w h o ca n u n d erstan d th e causes o f things).

July, 1916.

—

F I R S T

co u p le o f triangular ban dages, tw o co m p ressed d re ssin g s and the p o lice a m b u la n ce brassard. E a ch a m b u la n ce o fficer m ust see that all his m en (and esp e cially his cy clist ord erlies) are fam iliar with their stations, and the shortest routes therefrom to the follow in g points : T o w n H all, C o ie f A m b u la n ce S tatio n , C en tral F ire S ta tio n , and the tw o n earest M ilitary or R e d C ro ss H o sp itals, T h e C h ie f C o n s ta b le has arran ged that on the ap p ro ach o f h o stile air craft a w arning will be given by the a ltern ate low erin g and raising o f th e e le ctric lights for a p eriod o f ten m inutes before current is cut o ff alto geth er T h e re w ill also be a grad u al low erin g o f the pressure o f the gas supply. W h en ever these signals are given, all the m em bers o f the S p ecia l P o lice St. Joh n A m b u la n ce B rigad e w ill at o n c e cease their ordin ary patrol work, and m ake their w ay as q u ic k ly as p o ssib le to the A m b u la n ce Station to w hich they have been a lloted. If, w hen ever a w arning is given , it is p ossible for men to ch a n ge into uniform w ith out d elay they sh ould do so, but if aw ay from hom e they sh ould at o n ce p ro ceed to their resp ective station, th ereb y a vo id in g u n n ecessary d elay by return in g hom e to chan ge into uniform . F o r use o f m em bers thus fixed a n um ber o f extra sets o f equ ip m en t are kep t at each station, S h o u ld the w arning co m e late at night, a t'e v e ry P o lice Station a list o f nam es and addresses o f m em bers is kept, and the p o lice see to th e ca llin g up, T h e a b o v e arran gem en ts are for a gen eral “ call u p ,” but th ere are o cca sio n s w hen it is d esirable to “ call up " a few. F o r this purp ose “ H ead q u arters ” have a sp ecial list o f the nam es and addresses o f four men belo n gin g to each station. O n receivin g th e call each o f these m en are respo n sible for callin g up four others. T h is m eth od is the m ost direct, and relieves th e gen eral bo d y from m any dishearten in g “ false alarm s.” F o r th e callin g up o f officers and cy clist orderlies, an em ergen cy chart has been printed and a co p y h an d ed to every m em ber ; it con tain s the night and d ay addresses, n ight and day telep h o n e num bers, telep h o n e num bers o f e ach station and particulars relating to apparatus and hospitals. E a ch m em ber is left to his own resources to get to his app o in ted station as q u ick ly as possible. C y c lis t m em bers are a d vised to use their m achin es. A n arran gem en t has been m ade with the V o lu n te e r M o to r Section to carry our m em bers w ho live in the suburbs to the C ity . O ur m em bers get to one o f the main thoroughfares, alon g w hich th ese m otors are lik e to p roceed and hail them as they pass. G ro u p s o f m em bers h ave m ade arran gem en ts to give each other th e “ c a ll,” and p ro ceed to the C ity by use o f a n eig h b o u r’s m otor. T h is part o f the sch em e has cau sed endless discussion, w ith ou t our findin g a perfect s o lu tio n ; how ever, it is open for am endm ent. W e h ave had a trial drill to test the arrangem ents m ade, and go t the men fam iliar with th e w ork and stations. In sp ecto r V erd u n , C h ie f A m b u la n ce O fficer for the C ity P o lice , rep orted upon it very favourably. W e were also able to im p rove som e o f the m inor details.

A I D .

—

(Juertes and Jlnsw ers Correspondents. Queries w ill be dealt w ith under the fo llo w in g rules

:—

/ .— Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left h a n d corner of

the envelope “ Q u ery ,”

a n d addressed — F

ir s t

A i i >,

46, Cannon-street, Lon d on, E . C . 2 .— A l l Q ueries m u st be accom panied by a

“

Q u ery C o u p o n ” cu tJro m

the curren t issue of the J o u rn a l, or in case of Q ueries from abroad from a recent issue. ? .— Q ueries are in v ite d on F ir s t- A id , H o m e-N u rsin g a n d H om eH ygiene as these are o f g en era l interest. These w i ll be answ ered in F

ir s t

4 . — Q ueries,

A i d i f space perm its.

accom panied by

stam ped

addressed envelope,

w i ll be

answ ered by post.

REM OVAL

BOOT

FOOT

IN J U R IE S .

A. I. M. (Kentish T ow n ) asks with reference to rem oval o f the boot (Cantlie, p. 19), if it is correct in a l l cases to rem ove boot as stated. S p eakin g from practical experience he suggests (1) that if a person is suffering from an injury to the bones o f leg (especially fracture) it would aggrav ate the injury to rem ove boot as stated, and (2) that it would be much better after cutting laces an d fr o n t o f boot down to toe cap to pull the leather well open so that the boot will slip off quite easily, w hereby the chances of m aking the fracture com pound or the injury worse, are reduced. T h is suggestion is correct. T h e original instructions as to rem oval o f boot are said to have reference to W ellin gto n boots, which can only be taken off as stated in the T ext-book. Further, the cut o f the modern civilian lace-up boot renders the latter method well-nigh im possible, quite apart from the pressing danger of aggravation o f injury. — N. C o r b k t F le tc h e r .

TREATM ENT

BU RN S.

L. (W . Sm ethw ick) asks for the correct first aid treatm ent in the case o f severe burns on the face, shoulders, arm s and slight burns on body and leg, caused by “ back fire ” from a furnace, i.e., the accum ulation of gas which is confined in the furnace and suddenly ignites. T h e flash of fire with dust, caused by the ignition, not only produces burns, but also covers the body with soot, dust, etc., the man being clad only in shirting. W h at is the most efficient, up-todate m ethod before patient is conveyed to hospital, and why such treatm ent ? Shock is inevitable as the skin is charred and blackened and in some cases the deeper tissues burned. Ref. St. John F irst A id, page 103 ; R ed M anual, page 120. In this Q uery the Causes and Com plications are so clearly set out that the F irst A ider requires only resourcefulness and discrim ination in the application o f the G eneral R ules of T re a t ment of Burns (C antlie, p. 103). F irst-A id does not pretend to teach the most efficient, upto-date methods. T h ese devolve upon the D o cto r and not upon the F irst-A ider, who m ight otherwise be encouraged to practise M eddlesom e First-A id. Refer to Cantlie, p. 20.— N. C o r b e t F le tc h e r .

A n o th e r effort on a grand scale to sup po rt th e w ork o f th e B ritish R e d C ro ss S o cie ty and the O rd e r o f St. Joh n has to be a d d ed to th ose w hich the great in dustries o f the co u n try h ave m ade. T h e B ritish M eat an d A llie d T ra d e s F u n d has sent to the chairm an o f the C o lle ctio n C o m m ittee a ch e q u e for ,£ 50,0 00, the first o u tco m e o f the organ isation set on foot by Mr. G o rd o n C a m p b e ll, p resi dent o f th e In co rp o ra ted S o cie ty o f M e at Im porters.

TREATM ENT

C O N C U S S IO N

B R A IN .

G. C. O. rem arks that, in the treatm ent o f Concussion of the Brain, Cantlie (p. 128) sa y s : “ A s a general rule, keep the head low when the face is pale.” H e also asks— (1) W ould it be correct to anticipate certain C o m pression, and raise the head with a view to preventing or delayin g Com pression ? (2) W ould keep in g the head low tend to promote

— FIR ST

Com pression, in spite o f any cold applications that might be applied lo cally ? (3) W o u ld raising the head tend to delay recovery from Concussion ? T h e G eneral R ules of T reatm ent of Insensibility are based on the assum ption that the F irst-A ider does not knoyj the actual C ause, and that he can only treat the sym ptom s (viz., the effects of the cause) as they arise. Com pression of the Brain is a very rare com plication of Concussion, and for this reason the rule of keepin g the head low, when the face is pale, must always be observed. K e e p ing the head low would not precipitate the onset o f C om pression, but raising the head would tend to delay recovery from Concussion. F o r further discussion refer to W hy and Wherefore in F ir s t A id , pp. 12, 27 seq.— N . C o r b e t F l e t cher.

T R E A T M E N T O F C O M P L IC A T E D F R A C T U R E O F R IB S A N D S IM P L E FRACTURE OF COLLARBONE. T.

B. (D urham ) asks what is the correct treatm ent o f complicated fracture o f ribs and sim ple fracture o f collar bone, both injuries being on sam e side.

If we exercise our discrim ination (Cantlie, p. 16), we realise that the fractured ribs— owing to involvem ent of lung— requires prior treatm ent as the more pressing in ju r y , and also that they must be so treated that there shall be no aggravation o f the broken collarbone. T h is we can do, if we modify the treatm ent laid down in Cantlie, p. 48, and use the St. John instead of the Broad Sling, which would press on the collarbone. Further, if we p in the slin g to the coat, keep the elbow constantly applied to the side, and rem ove patient as for F ractured Spine, we can, at the same time, fix the fractured collarbone, since the broad transverse bandage and axllary pad are not permissible. It is worthy of note that with sim ple fracture o f ribs and collarbone the reverse method is correct, i.e., the treatment of collarbone controls the ribs (see Q uery of January issue).— N. Corbet F

letch er.

M A X IM U M

H E IG H T

S IC K

ROOM .

F . N . C. (N ew castle) asks why 12 ft. is the maximum height allow ed when estim ating the cubic capacity of a sick room. E xperience has fixed this limit. E xpired air rises at first because it is ligh ter than atm ospheric air. Soon, however, it cools, condenses and falls u n til— by reason o f its impurities^ especially carbonic acid— it quickly contam inates the lower’ air o f a room and renders it irrespirable.— N . C o r b e t F letch er.

W E A R IN G

July, 19 16 .

AID. —

exam. 12 months hence and attend the Annual Inspection before bein g considered efficient, and thereby losing credit for his attendance from A p ril 25th to Septem ber 30th, 1915? A person joinin g the B rigad e on the A pril 25th, 1 9 1 5 . must put in at least 12 drills and attend the annual inspection of his unit between that date and the 30th o f Septem ber, 1 9 1 5, in order to becom e efficient for that B rigade year.

S A L U T IN G

AM BULANCE

O F F IC E R S .

T . G. (D ublin) asks W ould you kindly let me know if— (a) A m bulance Officers (S .J.A .B ., F irst or Second) should be saluted. (1b) H ow should an Officer return a salute when with out a cap. (<r) W h y do N .C .O .’s salute with the right hand only. (d) Should F irst and Second A m bulance Officers salute the Superintendent and other superior officers (Corps). T h e above queries not being very clear in standing orders have raised some discussion which you I am sure can settle. {a) Y es, certainly. See B .R ., page 36, paragraph 10 (\b) A s he thinks fit. (c) T h e re is no authority for N .C .O .’s saluting with the right hand only. (,d) Yes.

T h e B ritish A m b u la n c e days

C o m m itte e

sin ce th e

early

o f th e war has been d o in g sp len d id w ork for our

F re n ch A llies, to w hose A rm y it is fo rm ally a tta ch e d . T h is C o m m itte e has been ab le to sup ply throu gh the gen ero sity o f the B ritish p u b lic 150 m otor a m b u lan ces, stre tch er cars, etc., for the F re n c h w ou n d ed , and [the F re n ch authorities h ave again and again a ck n o w le d g e d th eir gratitu d e for this help.

T h e bravery o f th ose w orkin g the m otor a m b u

lan ces

can

co v e ted

ga u g ed

M iM aille

w hen

it is m e n tio n e d th at

M ilitaire and

tw en ty-n in e

C r o ix

ARM

BADGE

TH E

R .N .A .S .B .R

A u biu u iu r n,

(Sydney) asks :— “ -Is a member o f the S.J.A .B entitled to wear the arm badge of the R .N .A .S .B .R . when he transfers to a division o f the Brigade O versea, there bein g no R eserve that the arm badge refers to in the O ve r seas Dom inion ? ” T h e R o yal N a va l A u xiliary Sick Berth R eseve badge should not be worn by a m ember o f an O verseas D ivision. In any case the badge should not be worn at the present time, as all the men who were originally in the Reserve have been called up. B R IG A D E

HORLICK’S M ALTED

MILK

C o n ta in s a ll th e fo o d v a lu e o f p u re fu ll-c re a m m ilk e n ric h e d a n d m o d ifie d w ith t h e s o lu b le n u tr itiv e e x tr a c ts o f c h o ic e m a lte d c e re a ls . T h e r a t i o o f p r o te in to c a r b o h y d r a te a n d i ts p e rfe c t d ig e s tib ility c o m m e n d th is fo o d a s a re lia b le r e c o n s tru c tiv e w h ic h m a y b e g iv e n f re e ly in s e p tic c o n d itio n s a n d s u rg ic a l c a se s.

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

R E Q U R IE 8 N O C O O K IN G .

L ib era l Sam ples f o r tria l w ill be sent to the Profession Post Free on application.

H o r l i c k ’s M a lt e d M il k Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

CHOCOLATES

E F F IC IE N C Y .

D. J. M . asks for our ruling on the follow ing m atter Is a person obtaining his first aid certificate on A pril 10th, 1915, and becom es an enrolled member of a division on A p ril 25th, 1915, attends Annual Inspection between date of e-ro lm en t and the 30th o f Septem ber, 1915, con sidered efficient for that year, or, has he to pass his re

G u e rre h a ve b een a w ard ed to the B ritish personnel.

AS A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S IN G . OF

the

N ougat M ontelemar A s k fo r DELECTA’ —t h e n a m e d e s c rib e s th e m .

* * * )

* J * *

J u y l, 1 9 1 6 .

—

F I R S T

A I D

—

CERTAINTY e r e is a certainty in T h allowing us to fill your

wants. A certainty that whatever it may be that you require — Uniforms — Caps — Cloaks— Bonnets or any part of a Nurse’s equipment — either Professional or Voluntary— your want will not only be met with courtesy but also with an a b so lu te k n o w le d g e o f d e ta il that w ill en su re en tire co n fo rm ity w ith th e re g u la tio n s o f yo u r p articu lar H o s p ita l or N u rsin g H o m e .

Hall’s Wine a wonderful help

M ake a p erso n a l ca ll or w rite or 'phone f o r catalogue.

Hospital & General Contracts Co., Ltd.

Weakened nerves show them selves in a hundred distress ing ways, making the sufferer a misery to himself and to everyone about him.

( N u r s e s ’ E q u i p m e n t S e c t i o n ) , ( D e p t . 6) . T h e “ R ed C r o s s C o a t ,”

in N avy._ Stocked in lengths 48m., soin., 52in., 54m., 5fcin. Cheviot Serge .. 23/6 All-Wool Serge .. 34/6 West of England Serge 36/6

19-35, MORTIMER S T., W. 'P h o n e: M U S E U M 3/40-1. A gents / o r the well-known Benduble Shoes.

Hall’s Wine has helped so many nerve victims to regain strength and energy that you may be sure it will help you. If

you

duly to

real W in e

ca n ’t sleep,

touchy, wrong,

n ee d

your the

you

everything nerves help that

are un seems are

H a l l ’s

offers.

HallsMne The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E .— Buy a bottle to-day. If after taking half ot it, you feel no real benefit, simply return us the half-empty bottle, and we refund your entire money.

V a st modern factory resources, added to a century's experience, enables us to supply F irst A id and a ll other Services w ith uniform s and e q u i p m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m aterials, w orkm anship and fin ish —at prices that challenge com pari son w ith a n y other cloth in g of equal quality. A s k us for quotation for O ffice rs or R a n k and F ile R egim ents. B ritish throughout,

Large size, j/ 6 . O f W ine M erchants a n d Grocers a n d Chem ists w ith W in e licences.

STEPH EN, S M IT H & C O ., BOW , LONDON .

U niform s and Equ i p m e n t

L T D .,

590

16,

N ILE

C ITY and

ROAD, LONDON, N., 4, P R IN C E S STR EET,

HANOVER

SQUARE,

STREET, LONDON,

—

F I R S T

Aids to M em ory fo r ‘ F irst Aid* S tu d e n ts. B y L . M . F r a n k C h r i s t i a n , M .B ., C .M . E d in . A u th o r (jo in tly w ith IV .R .E .) o f “ P r o b le m s in F i r s t A i d ,” S t. J o h n A m b A sso c.

S e v e n th Edition n o w re a d y .

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

“ N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r f e a r h e w ill g o r u s t y if h e w ill t a k e a n o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f t h e m e n ta l m ix tu r e c o n ta in e d w ith in th e c o v e rs o f th is s p le n d id b o o k . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e tt e r u t il is a ti o n o f s p a c e , a b e tte r t r e a tis e o n t h is s u b je c t c o u ld n o t b e w r itte n . . . t h e b o o k for a ll, w h e th e r o ld h a n d s o r s t u d e n t s .” “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a rv o ’ o f t h e g r e a t e s t v a lu e .” P r ic e : I n C lo th , 6d. n e t— b y p o s t jd . I n L e a th e r , 2s. n e t — b y p o s t 2s. 2d. S t o c k p o r t : C o n n r ll & B a ilh y , L t d ., “ E x p r e s s ” O f f ic e , St. P e t e r s S q u a r e , a n d The St. John Ambulance Association, S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , L o n d o n .

A I D .

J u ly , 1 9 1 6 .

—

On First Aid, Medicine • Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects S e c o n d -H a n d a t H al P r ic e * . New Books a m Discount Prices. Cataloguet free. State w a n ts.' B o o k s sent on approval, r Books bought. W . & G . F O Y L E , 1 2 1 and 12), C naring Cross Road, London, W .C . ________

BOOKS FOR LECTURERS & STUDENTS OF FIRST AID. By

A ID S

N. C O R B K T

H O M E -N U R S IN C .

FLETCH ER,

B . A . , M .B ., M .R .C .S .

IIome-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated. A ID S T O F IR S T -A ID .

Post free, j d ,

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

A Compendium of Aids to Memory. Introduction by James Cantlie, F .R .C .S . Post free, 7 d . W H Y A N D W H E R E F O R E IN F I R S T - A I D .

HANMER’S

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

Illustrated Ambulance Lecture. M r . H a n m e r wishes to thank D octors, A m bulance W orkers and others, who have so kindly assisted him in the organising of last season’s tours. T h eir willing help has enabled him to visit 150 towns, and the tours have included E n glan d, Ireland and W ales. N ext season’s fixtures are now being arranged, and intend ing applicants for the Lecture should apply early, for the vacant dates are lim ited. (No. 6 D istrict September).

Difficulties in Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer. Royal i6mo. Post free, 7 d . T H E C O M P L E T E M A N IK IN . Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students or Anatomy, M edicire, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2 S . n e t; postage, 2d. T H E TR IA N G U L A R B A N D A G E : Its Application shown by Words and Diagrams. By

HOW ARD

H ANM ER,

205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m .

N ote.— N o charge beyond working cost is made for these Lectures.

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With Coloured Diagrams 12 pp. Folder. Paper, 2 d . Cloth, 4 d . F IR S T -A ID A N A TO M IC A L D IA G R A M S. T w elve in set, on Roller. Post free, 2 S . io d . Each Diagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. T H E W H O L E A R T O F BA N D A G IN G . By

TH EKLA

BO W SER,

F .J .I.,

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3he 3ndian ^Unbalance Gazette. A Journal o f Am bulance W ork in In dia , B u rm a an d the E a st.

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POSTAL READING ”

INSTRUCTION in “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.”

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member of S .J .A .B . writes I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such.” (T .B .) S p e c ia l t e r m s n o w — half fees— to members of S .J .A .B ., &c. A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n s e rs SeV tion o f t h e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is tr y a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . 1874),

112 . S t . G e o r g e ’s R o ad , S o u t h w a r k , L o n d o n .

O R S A L E , a quantity of M en’s A m bulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. I id . a pair.— T hornton and Co., 24, Com m ercial-street, Brighouse.

P ric e 6 d . n e t.

NOTES

P o st fre e 7d.

FIRST

AID

S id n e y

SIMPLIFIED.

Lam b.

A Handbook in a tabulated and simplified form giving the main points ot first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student. I U L E . REYNO LDS St CO.. Ltd.. 48. Cannon St.

LONDON, E.C.

M A K E Y O UR OWN L E M O N A D E ^ A Ions, cool drink m ade instantly with

G LA SS LEMON* an d pl&in o r aerated w ater. NO ADD'D SUGAR NECISS 1RY.

W a tfr id

“FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out a n d enclosed w ith a l l Queries.

O R S A L E .— Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and O vercoats; sam ples on approval.— Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, B ishopsgate, London, E .C .

P rin ted

u l y

1916.

a n d P u b lis h e d by M essrs. D a l b , R b y n o l p s & C o ., L td ., 46 . C an n o n St. L o n d n , B .C ., to whom all com m unications should b e a d d re sse d .

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

N o.

XXIII.

2 6 6 .— V o l .

AUGUST,

[ N e w S e r ie s .]

Our

Readers.

The Annual Subscription is 2 S. 6 d . post free ; single copies 2 d. The Editor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C. AU articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the Editor. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business communications connected with F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers, REYNOLDS 46,

& CO .,

C annon

1916.

GAZETTE.

DALE. \ E m .r .d a ts u ^ n .r P H a iu

little v o lu m e

“ F i r s t Aid ” Is published on th e 20th of every m onth.

DALE,

-----

a dds c o n victio n

the

a ccid e n ts

pPeRr ,C a En n ™

the view

w h ic h

occur

0 p o st F r e e

that a large w ith

all

too

m uch f r e q u e n c y in the railway w o r ld — in clu d in g , u n f o r t u nately, s o m e o f a distressing ch a r a c t e r — are d u e to that disregard c f p ersonal safety w h ich , it w o u ld appear, is far too co m m o n a cha ra cteristic o f the British w orkm an . re cently the L o n d o n

General

O m nibu s

Q uite

Com pany

have

follo w ed the lead o f the railways in in stitutin g a safety ca m p aign for the benefit o f their e m p lo y e e s a n d p assengers alike, and signs are n ot w an tin g that th e se e x a m p le s will be follo w ed in other quarters.

L td .,

S tre e t,

proportion

[3 / 6

E.C.

L ondon,

W e assert that the First A i d clo se relationship to

ED ITO RIAL._____

m o v e m e n t ca n claim

the S a fe ty ca m p a ig n , for whilst the

raison d"ctre o f the latter is the p re v e n tio n o f a c c id e n t s and personal injuries, that o f the form er is to m inim ise, by the a pplication o f skilled treatm ent, the effects o f a c c i

r o m

tim e to time we have referred in

S a f e t y and

these p ages to w hat is kn ow n as the

First Aid.

“ S afety M o v e m e n t ,” a m o ve m e n t which has been p ro m o ted in recent years with

dents u p o n the the h u m an b o d y w h en th e y d o arise.

The

S afety ca m p aign e rs co u n s el the a v o id a n c e o f risks w hich m ay result in b ro k en

limbs,

etc., a n d

b y the First A i d

m o v e m e n t that k n o w le d g e is im p arted w h ic h e n a b les the

the la u d a b le o b ject o f instilling into the minds o f w orking

disability w h en it o ccurs to be scien tific ally a tt e n d e d to

men a n d w om en , particularly those w ho by the character of

with the view o f alle viating h u m a n suffering a n d p re ve n tin g

their e m p lo y m e n t are exp o sed to risks o f a ccident, habits

the o ccu r re n c e o f co m p lica tio n s w h ich

o f p ru d en ce in co n n e ctio n with the

n eglect or ign o ra n c e as to the prop er treatm ent to adopt.

duties.

discharge

their

statistical informatio n furnished in returns o f a ccid en ts on our railways, in our mines

and

factories, etc., as issued

period ically by the B o a rd o f T r a d e and H o m e Office. The

result

from

It may be, in fact it is our s incere hope, that b y m ean s

T h a t there is room for such a m o v e m e n t in this

country, and, in. fact, that it is ove rdu e is e v id e n ce d by the

may

the

Safety

ca m p a ig n

a m b u la n c e

w orkers

“ ch e a te d ” out o f m a n y o f their “ best ca s es .”

may

T h i s is a

co n su m m a tio n d e v o u tly to be wished, but whilst h u m an nature is w hat it is, a n d m en are p repared to take risks w hich m ay in vo lve loss o f life or lim b rather than subm it

Safety M o v e m e n t has our best wishes for the

to so m e slight in co n v en ien ce, or in o rder to save a few

success w hich it assuredly deserves, and we look forward

minutes o f time, there is no n e e d for the a m b u l a n c e man

with

to despair o f ge ttin g p ractical w ork to do or for a n y ce ss a

co n fid e n c e to its general a doption th rou gho u t

industrial world.

the

It has been enthusiastically taken up by

tion o f activities in co n n e c t io n

with the First A i d

m ove

many o f the railway com p an ies, and the G re at W estern

ment.

Railway,

energies on the part o f the “ first-aiders ” in the w ay o f

some a

initiated

vigorous

safety

habit

co n n e ctio n

with

u n derstan d

the

s ubject ha ve and

ca m p aign

the

form

the m o ve m e n t

this

country

three years ago, are co n d u c tin g m on th by month

safety in

w ho

that

m inds the a

already

distrib uted

G reat W e ste rn em ployees.

in order of

d ischa rg e first be en so m e

to in culca te

m em b ers series

their

articles

re p ro d u ce d eig hty

the

tho usa nd

duties. up on b o o kle t of

m aintainin g the highest stan dard o f efficiency. A t no tim e in the history o f this c o u n t r y has there

the staff

the

A perusal o f this entertaining

T h e tim e has not y et c o m e for a n y relaxation o f

be en a greater n eed for e c o n o m y in h u m an life ; men are m o re p recio us than e ve r th e y were, and industrial workers are at a prem ium .

It therefore be h o v e s all c o n c e r n e d to

a d o p t all a v a ilab le measures to re d u c e the loss o f life— partic ularly a n y loss d u e to la ck o f fore sight in the failure to

e m p lo y

“ safety”

irr e d u c ib le m inim um .

“ first

a id ”

m e th o d s — to

the

—

F I R S T

Jh e Grand ? rio rg of the Srder of the h o sp ita l of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

JJhe S t .

DEPARTMENT.

.Ambulance

Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

No. 1 District. D ep u ty

Jo h n

C om m issioner :

W IN N Y . SEPTEM BER,

1916.

Sunday D u ty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 3rd.— N o. 47 D ivision , L .B . & S.C . R ailw ay. „ 10th.— N o. 15 „ E a st Ham. , 7th.— N o. 20 „ H am pstead. ” 24th.— N o. 4 „ L eyto n and Leytonstone. 2.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. A s per separate orders. St. John’s G ate, 2 p.m. A P P O IN T M E N T S .

K ey

Colonel Jam es Cantlie, F .R .C .S ., and J. M. Carvell, E sq., M R C S., have been appointed A ssistan t Com m issioners No. 1 D istrict. IN S P E C T IO N O F D IV IS IO N A L BOOKS AND ACCO UN TS. M any of the D ivision s have not subm itted the D ivisional M inute Book and A ccoun ts for the year 1914 to 1915, and as the list o f those who did subm it books is not available, it is desired that each D ivision shall, as quickly as possible, leave their books at H eadquarters for Inspection If de sired these books can be sent by post, as it will not be possible to deal w itb them adequately at m idday. Special attention is directed to the im portance of com plyin g with this O rder prom ptly. M E M B E R S ON A C T IV E S E R V IC E . T h e C h ief Com m issioner has asked for a return showing the nam es o f those m em bers o f the D istrict who have died on active service, and O fficers or M em bers in C h arge o f each D ivision should take im m ediate steps to forw ard such a list to H eadquarters as regards the m em bers of his own Division. T h e list should also contain the nam es of those m em bers who have been invalided hom e as unfit for further duty. S E R V IC E M ED ALS.

A ugust,

A I D . —

1916.

support and encourage any m ovem ent calculated to im prove the conditions o f its people. It is, therefore, gratifyin g to note that in no district in greater London is an am bulance service more appreciated or m ore capably adm inistrated. T h e A m bulance and N ursing D ivision s located in this district are untiring in their efforts on behalf of their fellow residents, and their am bition to possesss an A m bulance Station worthy o f the cause they so faithfully serve has at last been realised. T h e cerem ony o f laying the foundation stones o f a new A m bulance Station took place on the 20th July last and proved a highly interesting event. T h e proceedings were opened by the singing o f a hymn, follow ed by a prayer by the Rev. T . C. E lsdon, officiating Chaplain o f the O rder of St. John. After a brief account o f the work and objects o f the C o m m ittee by A . A ttw ell, E sq., J.P , E .C .C ., the principal stones were laid by the M archioness o f Ripon, the E arl of W arw ick, L ad y Maud W ilbraham , L. Stanley Johnson, E sq ., J.P., and E . J. Floriman, E sq ., J.P. A piece of stone from the O ld Priory of St. John’s, C lerk en from well, presented by the R ector and Churchw ardens, was laid by Lord R anfurly, who, in the course of an interesting address, referred to the link thereby established between the ancient and modern branches o f a m ovem ent whose object was the cause o f hum anity. Votes of thanks, proposed by A . T . Collier, E sq ., H. F. I. H allows, E sq ., and Supt. Blum , were heartily accorded and a prayer by the R ev. F ryer, o f St. Jam es’ Church, was followed by the singing of the D o x o lo gy and the N ational Anthem . Subsequently stones were laid by various members o f the W altham stow D istrict Council, Hon. Surgeons M ackenzie and C hallis, Supt. A. Blum , A m bulance Officr Cardo, Supt. Cam p, W .F .B . ; L ady Supt. Cardo, N ursing Officer Attw ell, and many others. Assistant Com m issioner S. H. V ivian , at the request of the members, laid the stone presented by the A m bulance D ivision, and in a short address acknow ledged the honour he felt in b e ing associated with the foundation of a building which would remain a monument to the energy and spirit displayed by the workers in a noble cause. H e trusted that future generations m ight be inspired by their exam ple to carry on the good work for the alleviation of the sick and suffering.

It is notified that the following m em bers of the D istrict who did not attend the distribution by the E arl o f Plym outh, on June 24th, have been awarded the Service M edal of the O rder of St. John:— . . „ D ivision al Supt. A . H . Southam , No. 23 D ivision ; Sergt. S C Barnet N o. 37 D ivision ; Corpl. Jas. Tollafield, No. 11 D ivision ; N u rsin g Sisters B. G. H arris, N o. 6 D ivision ; and E . M. Suckling, N o. 8 D ivision. P R O M O T IO N S . T h e following prom otions have been made after passing the prescribed exam ination : T o A m bulance O ffice r: Sergt. Jam es M itchell o f N o. 17 W im bledon and M erton D ivision ; Sergt. H. K. B lake, No. 28 H arrow Division. (Signed)

W . H. W I N N Y , D ep uty- Commissioner. H e a d q u a r t e r s :— S t . John’s G ate, Clerkenw ell, E .C .

No. 3 District. K e t t e r i n g . — T h e H eadquarters D ivision held a w eek end cam p at G reat O akley, last month. Supt. R ab y was in com m and, with S ta ff Sergt. Curtis, Sergt. W . Groom and Corpl. D yson as his assistants, while Sergt. C laypole acted as cam p orderly. A useful w eek-end was spent under canvas, and all those present had an enjoyable time.

No. 4 District. EXTRACTS

FROM

D IS T R IC T

O RDERS.

N u r sin g D u tie s in M il it a r y H o spitals.

A large number o f nursing m embers have recently been called up for service in m ilitary hospitals, and more are now required. L a d y superintendents will please com m unicate this information at once to members o f their N ursing D ivisions, who do not belon g to V oluntary A id D etachm ents, and let me know as soon as possible the number o f those able and w illing to join this service. T h e dem and for this service is now urgent, and the D eputy Com m issioner hopes that a good response will be forthcom ing as a result of this appeal. Full particulars can be obtained from the D istrict office. G e n e r a l D u t y in M il it a r y H o s p it a l s .

(N o. 29) D i v i s i o n . — W altham stow is one o f the m ost th ickly populated suburbs o f the M etropolis, and the needs o f the com m unity dem and a vast amount of care W a lth a m sto w

and F ortunately, it possesses a D istrict Council whose adm inis tration is actuated by the spirit o f progress and a desire to

T h e W a r Office have m ade a special appeal for women for general duty in m ilitary hospitals, and are w illing to accept them without certificates or special qualifications. Officers in ch arge o f nursing units are requested to get all the recruits they can, and notify the D istrict office the num ber a va ilab le as soon as possible.

August, 1916.

— F I R S T

R e c r u it s n o t h a v in g c e r t ific a t e s w ill b e a tt a c h e d to N u r s in g D iv is io n s a s r e c r u it s . T h e y w ill w e a r th e u n ifo rm o f th e B r i g a d e , w ith s o m e s lig h t m o d ific a t io n to d e n o t e th e ir s t a n d in g . T h e y w ill n o t b e e n r o lle d in th e B r ig a d e , n o r h a v e a n y v o ic e in b r ig a d e o r d iv is io n a l m a t t e r s w h ils t r e c r u its . F u ll p a r t ic u la r s c a n b e o b t a in e d fro m th e D is t r i c t o ffic e .

A ir R a id s . T h e q u e s ti o n h a s b e e n r a is e d r e g a r d in g B r i g a d e m e n b e in g s w o r n in u n d e r th e P o l i c e A u t h o r it ie s fo r a m b u la n c e w o rk in c o n n e c tio n w ith a ir r a id s . B r i g a d e m e n s e r v e u n d e r th e P o lic e in th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f th e ir o r d in a r y c iv il a m b u la n c e d u t ie s in t h e s t r e e t s a n d o n p u b lic o c c a s io n s , a n d t h e r e is n o

A I D

—

c a r e f u lly p r e s e r v e d a n d p r o d u c e d w h e n d e m a n d e d b y a n y c o m p e t e n t A u t h o r it y . C e r t i f ic a t e s a r e n o t r e q u ir e d b y m e m b e r s o f t h e B r i g a d e w h o b e lo n g to V o lu n t a r y A i d D e t a c h m e n t s . VOLUNTEER

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W it h r e g a r d to t h e p r o v is io n o f m e d ic a l u n its fo r th e V o lu n t e e r T r a i n i n g C o r p s , in fo r m a tio n h a s b e e n r e c e i v e d th a t th e V o lu n t e e r T r a i n i n g C o r p s is in t e n d e d to b e e s s e n t i a l ly a C o m b a t a n t F o r c e , a n d t h e r e is n o in t e n t io n o f f o r m in g m e d ic a l u n its in c o n n e c t io n w ith it. T h is p r e v e n ts B r ig a d e m e n a t t a c h i n g t h e m s e lv e s , a s s u c h , to a n y V o l u n t e e r C o r p s , e x c e p t in t h e o r d in a r y w a y o f e n lis t m e n t . In

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In c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h e d e p le t io n o f th e D i s t r i c t S t a f f, a n d th e la r g e n u m b e r o f m e n o n s e r v ic e , t h e A n n u a l I n s p e c t io n s w ill n o t b e h e ld th is y e a r , u n le s s s p e c ia l a r r a n g e m e n t s a r e m ade. CASUALTIES. In o r d e r to c h e c k B r ig a d e R e t u r n s , o ffic e r s in c h a r g e o f u n its a r e r e q u e s t e d to s e n d to D i s t r ic t o f f ic e , a s s o o n a s p o s s ib le , a lis t o f a ll th e w a r c a s u a lit ie s w ith in t h e ir k n o w l e d g e a m o n g s t m e m b e r s o f t h e ir u n it s in c e t h e c o m m e n c e m e n t o f h o s t ilit ie s . A u n it o f t h e S .J .A .B . h a s r e c e n t ly b e e n fo r m e d a m o n g s t th e e m p lo y e e s o f M e s s r s . C a m m e ll L a ir d & C o . a t B ir k e n h e a d . T h e m en a r e g iv e n e v e r y f a c ilit y fo r in s t r u c t io n a n d p r a c t ic e , a n d th e k e e n in t e r e s t t a k e n in t h e c o m p a n y b y t h e firm h a s c o n t r ib u t e d l a r g e l y to th e e f f ic ie n c y o f t h e a m b u la n c e w o r k e r s . T h e m e n h a v e a lr e a d y o b t a in e d t h e ir u n ifo r m s , a n d o n J u ly 1 7 th th e y h e ld th e ir first c h u r c h p a r a d e , w h e n s o m e 70 m e m b e rs a tt e n d e d . T h a n k s to t h e g e n e r o s it y a n d e n c o u r a g e m e n t o t M r . C a r t e r a n d M e s s r s . C a m m e ll L a ir d & C o ., th is c o r p s , c o n s is t in g s o le ly o f e m p lo y e e s o f th e firm , is in a flo u r is h in g c o n d it io n : a lr e a d y t h e r e a r e fo u r c o m p le t e d iv is io n s , w ith a n a g g r e g a t e o f 70 o ffic e r s a n d m e n , w h o , u n d e r t h e a b le in s t r u c t io n o f D r . W v s e a n d M r. J o h n s o n , a r e n o w in a h ig h s t a t e o f e ffic ie n c y , b o th in fir s t a id a n d s ic k n u r s in g .

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J. O liv e r V a u g h a n , A . R . S . I . , 23 y e a r s a m b u la n c e s e r v ic e — D is t r ic t T r e a s u r e r N o . 6 D is t r ic t ; 16 y e a r s R .A . M . C . ( T . ) S t a f f S e r g e a n t ; D e p u t y C h a ir m a n , H u ll C e n t r e , S .J .A .A . F r e d H . V a u g h a n 24 y e a r s a m b u la n c e s e r v ic e — C o m m a n d a n t S t. J o h n V . A . D . ; e x - C o r p s T r e a s u r e r ; 16 y e a r s A m b u l a n c e D e t a c h m e n t , R o y a l F ie ld A r t i l le r y ( T . ) ; S e c r e t a r y H u ll C e n t r e ; p. M .O .’s C le r k , I .Y . H o s p ita l, S .A ., 19 0 1. N u r s in g S i s t e r V a u g h a n , 18 y e a r s T r a i n e d N u r s e w ith t h e Q u e e n ’ s N u r s e s .

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o b je c t io n to th o s e w h o a r e e x e m p t fro m m ilit a r y s e r v ic e b e in g sw o rn in fo r a ir r a id w o r k u n d e r th e P o lic e A u t h o r it ie s .

U niform s. A c c o r d in g to th e R e g u la t io n s m a d e u n d e r th e D e f e n c e o f th e R e a lm A c t s , it is a n o ffe n c e fo r a n y u n a u t h o r is e d p e r s o n to w e a r a n y n a v a l, m ilit a r y , p o lic e , o r o t h e r o ffic ia l u n ifo rm . O ffic e r s in c h a r g e o f u n its m u s t s u b m it to th is o ffic e th e fu ll n a m e s o f m e m b e r s , w h o in t h e c o u r s e o f th e ir d u t ie s w e a r u n i fo rm , in o r d e r t h a t th e n e c e s s a r y c e r t ific a t e s a u t h o r is in g th e w e a r in g o f u n ifo rm m a y b e is s u e d . T h e s e d o c u m e n t s m u s t b e

M a n c h e s t e r . — T h e a n n u a l fie ld d a y o f t h e S p e c ia l P o lic e A m b u la n c e C o r p s w a s h e ld in H e a t o n P a r k o n J u ly 2 2n d . T h e C o r p s T r e a s u r e r , W . M a x w e l l R e e k ie , E s q ., t o o k c o m m a n d , a n d th e C o r p s S u p t . o f S t o r e s , H . E a s t w o o d , E s q ., s e c o n d in c o m m a n d . T h e fo u r d iv is io n s m a r c h e d p a s t, s a lu t e d , a n d w e r e a f t e r w a r d s in s p e c t e d b y th e C h i e f C o n s t a b le o f M a n c h e s t e r ( R o b e r t P e a c o c k , E ^ q ., M .V .O .) , a n d t h e C o r p s S u p e r in t e n d e n t . D u r in g t h e a ft e r n o o n a n a m b u la n c e c o m p e t it io n , a r r a n g e d b y R . T . S t a t h a m , E s q ., D iv is io n a l S u p t. o f th e S o u t h D iv is io n , w a s h e ld b e t w e e n t h e d iv is io n s , w h ic h p r o v e d h i g h ly i n t e r e s t in g a n d in s t r u c t iv e , a n d in c it e d t h e e n t h u s ia s m o f t h e m e m b e r s to p r o c e e d fa r t h e r w ith t h e m e t h o d o f g a i n i n g a m b u la n c e k n o w le d g e . B y th e k in d n e s s o f t h e C h i e f C o n s t a b le a n im p r o v e d c it y m o to r a m b u la n c e w a g o n w a s in a t t e n d a n c e fo r in s p e c t io n b y m e m b e r s a n d fr ie n d s , a n d to d e m o n s t r a t e th e m e th o d o f lo a d i n g a n d u n lo a d in g . U n d e r th e c a t e r s h ip o f R . A . M a c e , E s q ., a m o s t e n jo y a b le te a w a s p r o v id e d , a n d a ft e r w a r d s t h e m e m b e r s r e a s s e m b le d a t th e b a s e to p a r t ic ip a t e in a “ s m e llin g c o m p e t it io n ,” a d m ir a b l y a r r a n g e d b y J. W . W h i t w o r t h , E s q ., D iv is io n a l S u p t . o f th e N o r t h D iv is io n . T h e la d ie s p r e s e n t a ls o jo in e d in t h is c o m p e t itio n , a n d a ft e r a k e e n c o n t e s t M r s . F o w le r J o n e s w o n th e la d y ’s p r iz e a n d M r . C . H . R a y n e r t h e g e n t le m a n ’s p rize . A f t e r w a r d s a n u m b e r o f fie ld s p o r t s w e r e in d u lg e d in , w h ic h c a u s e d m u c h a m u s e m e n t fo r t h e s p e c t a t o r s . M a n y m e m b e r s p a id a v is it to t h e e x h ib it io n o f m o d e r n t r e n c h e s w h ic h h a v e b e e n a r r a n g e d b y M a jo r B e ll fo r th e b e n e fit o f t h e “ B lin d e d S o ld ie r s F u n d .” D u r i n g t h e m o n th , in a d d it io n to p a t r o l d u t y o f e ig h t h o u r s p e r w e e k , m a n y o f o u r m e m b e r s h a v e b e e n h e a v ily e n e n g a g e d in a s s is t in g t h e t r a n s p o r t o f t h e w o u n d e d a r r i v i n g in M a n c h e s t e r . M a jo r C u n liffe , o f t h e 2 n d W e s t e r n M ilit a r y H o s p it a ls c o m m a n d , a p p lie d to th e C h i e f C o n s t a b le fo r h e lp , w h ic h w a s v e r y w illin g l y g r a n t e d . T h e m em b ers h a v e b een e n g a g e d u n lo a d in g t h e a m b u la n c e t r a in s , a n d in t h e h o s p it a ls a c t i n g on th e m o tt o o f d o in g a n y t h in g a t a n y t im e a n d a n y w h e r e fo r th e c o m fo r t o f t h e w o u n d e d s o ld ie r s .

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No. 12 (Irish) District. T h e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t , h a s r e c e iv e d t h e fo l lo w in g le t t e r fro m t h e S e c r e t a r y G e n e r a l o f th e O r d e r in c o n n e c t io n w ith t h e w o r k w h ic h w a s d o n e b y m e m b e r s o f t h e B r i g a d e o n t h e o c c a s io n o f th e S in n F e in R e b e l lio n :— “ T h e C h a p t e r - G e n e r a l is k e e n ly s e n s ib le to t h e g o o d w o r k t h a t w a s d o n e b y y o u a n d b y t h o s e w h o a s s is t e d y o u ; s u c h a n e x a m p le is e x c e l le n t e n c o u r a g e m e n t to a ll c o n c e r n e d fo r m a k in g a d d it io n a l e ffo r ts in t h e s u b je c t s w h ic h w e a ll h a v e a t h e a r t . “ T h e O r d e r w is h e s it t o b e g e n e r a l ly k n o w n h o w v e r y m u c h th e b r a v e r y o f m e m b e r s o f th e S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r i g a d e a n d o t h e r s is a p p r e c ia t e d , a n d h o p e s t h a t y o u w ill t a k e e v e r y c o n v e n ie n t o p p o r t u n it y o f n o t ify in g t h is a s w id e ly a s p o s s ib le , J u ly 1 3 th , 1 9 1 6 .” T h e C h a p t e r o f t h e O r d e r o f t h e H o s p it a l o f S t. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m h a s m a d e t h e fo llo w in g a w a r d s in c o n n e c t io n w ith g a lla n t r y d i s p la y e d d u r in g t h e S in n F e i n R e b e lli o n , A p r il- M a y ,

1916. S

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M r s . E l l a G . A . W e b b , M .D ., L a d y D is . S u p t. N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t M r s . C o n s t a n c e H e p p e ll - M a r r , A s s t . C o u n t y D ir e c t o r , C i t y o f D u b lin B r a n c h B r it is h R e d C r o s s S o c ie t y . M r s . E d it h C . C h a y t o r , u n a t t a c h e d . J. L u m s d e n , M .D ., D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D i s tr ic t. W illia m G . S m it h , D i s . S u p t . N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t . B

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P t e . G e o r g e C . M a y , F o u r C o u r t s D i v . S .J .A .B . S e r g t . J o h n T u g w e ll. J a c o b ’ s D iv . S .J .A .B . C o r p s S u p t . R e g i n a l d H . K e a t i n g e , D u b lin B u ild in g T r a d e s C o rp s. C o r p s S u p t . J a m e s H . W e b b , C i t y o f D u b lin C o r p s . D is . O ffic e r A r t h u r L . B . M o o r e , N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t . S u p t C h a r le s T . K e a t i n g e , K e a t i n g e ’s D iv . S . J .A .B . S u p t . J o h n H e a ly , F o u r C o u r t s D iv . S . J .A .B . S u p t. R o b e r t W . J a m e s o n , C i t y o f D u b li n D iv . H e r b e r t S . C h a y t o r , E s q ., u n a t t a c h e d . S u p t . W illi a m H . R e y n o ld s , B r o o k s T h o m a s D i v . S .J .A .B . W

o m en

M r s . D o r o t h y H ig n e t t , D e p u t y H e a d I r is h W a r H o s p i t a l S u p p ly D e p o t . M r s . C a r o l in e F . L u m s d e n , Q u a r t e r m a s t e r I r i s h W a r H o s p it a l S u p p y D e p o t. M is s M a b e l M c C a r t n e y , Q u a r t e r m a s t e r V . A , D . 18, B . R . C . S . M is s f 'l o r e n c e R e n n y - T a ily o u r , D u b lin U n i v e r s it y N u r s in g D iv . M r s . E t h e l F it z p a t r i c k , C o m m a n d a n t V . A . D . 12 , B . R . C . S . M is s K a t h e r in e O ’ N e ill, C o . D u b li n B r a n c h B . R . C . S . S is t e r M a r y M c G i n le y , S ir P a t r i c k D u n ’s H o s p ita l. S is t e r A n n a S p r o u le , S ir P a t r i c k D u n ’s H o s p i la l. S is t e r M a r j o r ie S c a l ly , S ir P a t r i c k D u n ’s H o s p it a l. M is s M a r y W o o d s , u n a t t a c h e d . C

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S u p t . P ie r s e L e s l i e P ie lo u , S t. J a m e s ’ s G a t e D iv . S .J .A .B . C o r p s S e c . J o h n G o u r lie , D u b lin B u ild in g T r a d e s C o r p s . H e n r y H u n t, M .D ., R a t h m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . R o b e r t P e a t , V . A . D . 7, B . R . C . S , P t e . W illi a m F e t h e r s t o n h e u g h , V . A . D . 7 , B . R . C . S . D r . M y le s K e o g h , u n a t t a c h e d . P t e . W a l t e r H e r b e r t B o y d , F o u r C o u r t s D iv . S .J .A .B . Q u a r t e r m a s t e r J o s e p h B a m fo r d , R . C o lle g e o f S c ie n c e D iv . S .J .A .B . S u p t . D a v i d P e r c y R o b in s o n , R a t h m in e s a n d R a t h g a r D iv . S .J .A . B . S e r g t . V i c t o r C . C o le , C i t y o f D u b lin D iv . S .J . A .B . S u p t . H e n r y J. M o n a h e n , I r is h Land C o m m is s io n D iv . S . J .A .B . A m b . O ffic e r C h a r le s I le y , C i t y o f D u b lin D iv . S .J .A .B . A m b . O ffic e r J o h n F . H o m a n , C i t y o f D u b lin D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . G e o r g e R . W e b b , D u b li n U n i v e r s i t y D iv . S . J .A .B . D iv . S u r g . W illia m C . C a r n e g i e , D u b lin U n i v e r s it y . D iv . S .J . A .B .

August, 1916.

AID. —

S e r g t . P a g e t H a f fie ld , G le n a g e a r y D iv . S .J .A .B . A m b . O ffic e r L e o n a r d W . J e w e ll, F o u r C o u r ts D iv ., S .J .A .B . C o r p s S u p t . A r t h u r B a k e r , M .D ., D u b lin U n i v e r s i t y D iv . S .J .A .B . P te . J o h n F . O a t e s , S t. J a m e s ’s G a t e D iv . S .J .A .B . S u p t . D a v i d S . J a r d in , R . C o lle g e o f S c e in c e D iv . S . J . A . B . M r . M a r t in R e d m o n d , u n a t t a c h e d . P t e . G r a n b y B u r k e , F o u r C o u r t s D iv . S .J .A .B . S u p t . C h a r le s S t . G . O r p e n , C a r r i c k m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . C o r p l. E d w a r d G . K e ll y , G l e n a g e a r y D iv . S .J .A .B . D is . T r e a s . G e o r g e P C o p e , M .D ., N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t S .J .A .B . P t e . G e r a ld W . W ils o n , R a t h m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . P te . S im o n N o le n , M c L o u g h li n a n d H a r v e y ’s D iv . S .J .A .B . P te . J o h n F . T r u n d le , S t. J a m e s ’s G a t e D iv . S .J .A .B . P te . J a m e s C . O ’ B r ie n , L a n d C o m m is s io n D iv . S .J .A .B . S e r g t . D a n ie l S u lliv a n , L a n d C o m m is s io n D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . R o b e r t H . B o lt o n , R a t h m in e s D iv is io n , S .J .A .B . S e r g t . H e n r y J. S c o t t , R . C o lle g e o f S c ie n c e D iv . S .J .A .B . Q u a r t e r m a s t e r H o w a r d H e a ly , V . A . D . 6, B .R . C . S . P t e . J o s e p h G r e a v e s , R . C o lle g e o f S c ie n c e D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . J o n a t h a n W . G r e v ille , F o u r C o u r t s D iv . S .J .A B . P t e . G e o r g e N e w c o m e n , D u b lin U n iv e r s it y D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . H e r b e r t P . M a y n e , F o u r C o u r ts D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . E d w a r d J. H u t c h in s o n , C i t y o f D u b l i n D iv . S .J .A .B . N e v ill e N o r w a y , u n a t t a c h e d . S e r g t . L e w is A . T o lp u t t , G a lw a y C i t y D iv . S .J .A .B . P te . H e n r y M . W h i t t o n , F o u r C o u r ts D iv . S .J .A .B . P t e . R o b e r t J . H e le n , S t. J a m e s ’ s G a t e D iv . S .J .A .B . C a p t a in J a m e s H u t s o n , P e m b r o k e F ir e B r ig a d e . P t e . W illia m J. B e d lo w , B r o o k s T h o m a s D iv . S e r g t . R o b e r t L e a s k , R a t h m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . C o r p l. R o b e r t J. M a u d e , R a t h m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . C o r p l. W illia m M . S t r o n a c h , R a t h m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . Jo h n W o o d s , u n a tta ch e d . C h e v e r s R o c h e , u n a tta c h e d . D a u la t R a m K a li a , R a t h m in e s D iv . S .J .A .B . W

o m en

L a d y S u p t. M is s C h a r lo t t e B ir d , D u n d r u m N . D iv . S .J .A .B . L a d y S u p t. M is s W ilh e lm in a A r c h e r , L e e s o n P a r k N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s K a t r in e C o n r o y , C i t p o f D u b lin B . R . C . S . M is s E ile e n F . B la n d fo r d , L a d y D is . S e c ., N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D is t r ic t . M is s F r a n c i s M a n g in , C i t y o f D u b l i n B r a n c h B .R . C . S . M is s E ile e n M c C a r t n e y , C i t y o f D u b lin B r a n c h B .R .C .S . M r s . C r a w fu r t h S m ith , C o m m a n d a n t B . R . C . S . , V . A . D . 2. L a d y S u p t. M r s . M c V it t ie , F it z w illia m N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s P h y llis F r y , A le x a n d r a C o lle g e N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s E liz a b e t h F r e e m a n . M is s K a t h l e e n P ig o t t , S o u t h D u b lin N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M r s . D o r a L l o y d B lo o d , R a t h m in e s N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s A m y H o d g s o n W r e d e , R a t h m in e s N . D iv . S . J . A . B . M rs. A lic e M . S a n k e y , u n a tta ch e d . M is s S y b il S a u n d e r s K n o x G o r e , A le x a n d r a C o lle g e N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s M a y B o o t h J o n e s , B . R . C . S . 22. M is s R a c h e l G r a h a m , u n a t t a c h e d . M is s R u b y F i g g i s , L e e s o n P a r k N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s W in if r e d B u t le r , L e e s o n P a r k , N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s A d e la id e P o o le , F it z w illia m N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s E m i ly P o o le , F it z w illia m N . D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s F lo r e n c e R e ill y , B . R . C . S . V . A . D . 24. M is s E m i ly A . M o o n e y , C i t y o f D u b lin D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s S u s a n F . M o o n e y , C i t y o f D u b lin D iv . S .J .A .B . M is s M a r y L o u s i a S m y t h e , B . R . C . S . V . A . D . 22.

Miss L. Russell, of the No. 8 East H a m Nursing Division, was one of the successful competitors of the Air Raid Competition at the Metropolitan Police Fete on July 4th. W h e n c o r r e s p o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t i s e r s p le ase m e n tio n “ F i r s t A id

”

August, i g i 6 .

— FIR ST

AID

THE

ST.

JOH N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. R ad iograph y By

W ILSO N

the

Front

CREW DSON.

those who have had the privilege of helping in the work of Military Hospitals recognise the splendid work done by the probationers, nurses and sisters. T h e training given by the St. John Am bulance Association and the British Red Cross Society has had results which make us both thankful and proud. This, however, is not by any means the only work accomplished, and amongst their many other activities the necessity that an efficient X Ray equip ment should be available for use in the Hospitals in France was not overlooked. A t the beginning of the war the avail able X Ray apparatus was often dependent upon a small petrol engine, sometimes little better than a toy, which, in addition to the work for which it was intended, had to supply current for the electric light in the operating theatre and dispensary. T h e engine was of small size because in the X Ray cars intended for the Front it was often removed from the car in order to lessen vibration and to allow radiographic work to be carried out in the car itself. At first sight this seems very feasible, but it was found to result in much discomfort and difficulty owing to want of space and ventilation in the car. It is now arranged — and it is a 'great improvement— to have a somewhat larger engine permanently installed in the car, and to re move the table and X Ray apparatus into a tent or room. T h e improvements made by Messrs. Butt, of London, and Gaiffe, of Paris, have resulted in very light and portable X R a y apparatus that can be quickly placed in position, and adjusted to the requirements of wounded men ; thus facilitating the work of the X Ray operator, who frequently has to show his skill not only in his own particu lar work, but in assisting severely wounded men from the stretcher on which they have been brought into the X Ray room on to the radiographic table. A whole series of devices have to be resorted to in order to get, for instance, anterior, posterior and lateral radiographs where both legs are broken. T h e customary sandbags are by no means sufficient, and empty X Ray plate-boxes, bandages and sloping boards will from time to time be found useful to keep the wounded limb in the requisite position with the least possible pain to the patient. It is only those who have had special experience who can fully understand how important it is that the position should be the best possible, and that no time should be wasted. With a view to making the time spent by the patient on the table as short as possible, it is sometimes advisable to make a drawing in coloured chalks on trans parent celluloid stretched over the screen— or to use one of the extra large sized radiographic plates. With a radiograph or drawing the surgeon, in the case of fractured bones, finds himself in possession of information which will materially assist him in coming to a conclusion as to the best course of treatment. T h e localisation of foreign bodies calls for special care. T h e radiographer, when such have been found, has to mark their exact position and to deter mine their depth. There are a great number of instru A ll

ments, most of them modifications of the MackenzieDavidson method, which enable this to be accomplished with a c c u r a c y ; but, even then, especially when the foreign bodies are very numerous, the surgeon may prefer to re move them on the X R a y table, where the screen enables him to see exactly where they are, and how near his forceps are to them. T here appears to be a marked tendency on the part of surgeons to use X R a y apparatus in operations of this sort. I f possible the table should be cleaned after each case with a solution of carbolic, to prevent danger of infection. Whenever a patient is brought into the X R a y room great care should be taken as to his identity, including his name, the number o f his regiment, and of his bed in the hospital. All X Ray operators are aware of the curious way in which similar cases frequently come in series. This renders it essential that most careful entries should be made in the book, as well as on the cover of the plate, and on the plate itself when removed from its cover in the dark room. A n indelible pencil will be found to resist the action of most chemicals. As a further assistance to the correct reading of the plate, lead letters indicating the right and lelt sides of the patient should always be placed in position before a radiograph is taken. T h e correct numbering of the plates for future reference also requires care. T h e index number should be scratched on the plate itself as soon as it is dry, It will be found there are frequent requests for their radiographs after the patients have been sent on to other hospitals. T h e best method of obtaining prints from large plates may not be known to everybody, and a friend who is a most successful professional photographer says that, in order to supply these in the finished form to which we are accustomed, it is necessary after exposing the print film to film and fixing in the ordinary way, to inter rupt the final process of washing by dipping the print in a solution of one pound of alum to one gallon of water, then after a final washing to squegee the print on to a piece of plate glass or a sheet of ferrotype that has been previously washed with petrol and rubbed over with French chalk. 1 he print should, when perfectly dry, fall off o f its own accord. If it does not, it should be moistened with damp blotting paper, and the process repeated. T h e success of the work of the Radiographer when at the Front depends on a much wider experience than is usually considered essen tial; not only must he have a fair acquaintance with chemicals, but he must also have a good working knowledge of the petrol engine, without which he can in most cases accomplish nothing. T h e majority of the engines now supplied are admirably suited to their work, but they require cleaning from time to time ; this the Radiographer should be able to manage, as well as to execute small repairs. As a general rule the Driver, who accompanies each X-ray outfit sent to the Front, is also a mechanic, but it is not wise for the Radiographer to be dependent on his good fortune in this respect. The results obtained are far too important to the wounded for anything to be left to chance. As regards a knowledge of anatomy, whilst this is

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

undoubtedly desirable, it is not so essential as a knowledge of the engine and electrical apparatus, for the work has to be submitted to surgeons, who will in all cases naturally draw their own conclusions, and would be apt to distrust the anatomical diagnosis of even the most learned radio grapher, unless he were a properly qualified medical man. Whether a patient should be allowed to know the result of the X R a y examination is a matter entirely at the discre tion of the Surgeon, great difficulty may be caused by unauthorised statements on the part of the Radiographer. A n excellent example of what an X-ray motor car should be is supplied by the one presented by Sir John Holder, Bart., to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, and placed by the Order at the disposal of the staff of the Hopital Militaire, at Arc-en-Barrois, and to which reference has already been made in these pages. Mounted upon an Austin chassis the radiographic apparatus is care fully packed to enable it to travel without injury. Arrived at the scene of operations, the operating table can either be carried into the hospital and connected with the car by flexible wires, or a light-tight tent attached to the side of the car itself can be quickly erected, the table set up beneath it, and the radiograms taken, or even operations performed. T h e electric power is supplied by a small but extremely efficient petrol engine, supplemented by a storage battery. T here is a dark room on the car where plates can be developed, and there is room for two men to sleep in hammocks, if necessary. T h e radiographic apparatus was supplied by Messrs. Butt and Co., of Wardour-street, London.

T h e Jo u rn ey, L ife a n d E x p erien ces of a V .A .D . in M o n t e n e g r o . ( Concluded from page g .) Our dinner ended, we wandered back to the station. It was deemed unwise to sleep anywhere in the town, as so many houses had typhus cases in them. W e reached the station at 5 and some of the party walked down the line to where our carriage had been shunted, as we were to sleep in it in a swing. Our surgeon and I stole back again to the town to see if there was any possible place where we could get something really eatable and a hot cup o f tea. W e discovered a pastrycook’s shop which had in its window every sort of Paris fancy cakes. W e entered, and in five minutes we were both behaving like a couple of small school boys. C ak e after cake disappeared, each one being richer and better than the one before ! A deadly thirst came over us both, which had to go unquenched as water was the only beverage obtainable, and that we dared not take. H aving really enjoyed a good half-hour we waded back through rain and mud to the station, but could see nothing of the others. W e had no where to go to, the stationmaster’s office was being scrubbed out and disin fected, as a case of typhus had been in there that day. For two solid hours we had to tramp up and down the line in the rain and dark. Luckily it was mild, so neither of us minded. A t 9 the rest of the party turned up, and we returned once again to the hotel for supper. O ddly enough our surgeon and I were not hungry though we had to pretend to eat so as not to disappoint the proprietor, who was much pleased to welcome us! A t 1 1 .3 0 p .m . we turned in to sleep, and I had a fairly good night. N ot so the other V .A .D . and sister who arrived in a “ special ” at

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

August, 1916.

midnight. T h e stationmaster kindly cleared out his wife and four children from their beds, and offered the room to the late comers. T h e V .A .D . told me the next day that half the night was spent in either killing cockroaches or else picking them out of her hair! A t 7 a .m . on the Saturday we were all told to get up, go up to the town to breakfast, return, and be ready for the train which was to start at 10. It poured nearly the whole morning and the train did not leave till 1 p.m. W e had a quantity of eggs with us, but gave them all away to some sick soldiers. It was a mere drop in the ocean. A t 1.30 we started off on the last stage of our railway journey. Nothing eventful happened, no one missed the train, and all were glad to be on the move. W e reached Uzishta at 11.30 p.m., and our chief gave orders we were to sleep in our carriages. A t 7.30 a.m., Sunday, we left the station in a motor which drove us at a neck-break pace into the town a distance of about a mile. We were taken to the “ Hotel Europe,” really a very dirty sort of public-house. It was decided we were to stay there that day and night, and to make an early start the next morning either on horse-back or in carts. A n invitation came during the day for the whole mission to dine at the officers’ mess that evening. W e gladly accepted. T h e officers were quartered in a very fine stone building, formeily, I believe, a college. About 40 of us sat down to dinner, my next door neighbour was a Serbian General, unluckily for me he spoke nothing but Serbian and German. O f the former I knew nothing and of the latter language about twenty words, which were chiefly to express wants in the food line. However, somehow or other I managed to carry on quite a conversation throughout the meal, much to most people’s amusement, as at times the poor General looked decidedly perplexed. Our host, whose name I ’ve forgotten, made a very good speech, most complimentary to the English Nation and the Unit. Our chief responded (both speeches were interpretted by Mr. Pichard). Toasts were drunk and the Serbian National Anthem sung. On our return to the hotel we found the bar full of soldiers and others, and a band playing. W e stayed and listened for a while. T h e music was extremely good, and Serbian music is fascinating.

Fin din g

Your

W ay

N igh t.

B y L I O N E L J. P I C T O N , M.A., M .B . (A Lecture given before the Holm es Chapel Amb. Div.) T h o u g h easy, to b e c o m e night p erfect requires t i m e ; it requires practice before the habit o f always k n o w in g w here y o u are, and in w hat dir ection you are travelling, N., S., E. or W., be co m es s e co n d nature ; before the sky, the wind, the blown trees, the rising a n d setting stars all tell you in stinctively, or at a glance, where y ou are as certainly as if it were daylight.

T h e facts you require to know are simple and few, such as can easily be learned in two or three evenings. When once they are learned you can practice yourselves in the use of these factors. Indeed, you will not be able to help doing so whenever you are out in the night, and so by the time you are half-way through your training with the colours, which I suppose many of you will shortly be called to join, you will find yourselves, to your very great advan tage, to be night perfect— that is, able to find your way about in the dark.

August, 1916.

— FIR ST

AID

THE

ST.

Y o u require to practice — (1)

e ein g

th e

a r k

This improves by practice. P ra ctice: One man of a section marches away and is stopped as soon as he is out of sight. H e calls out how many paces he has taken. H e then goes further on in the darkness, halts, turns about and comes back as silently as he can towards the rest of the section. T h e men watch for him, and stop him when he is first visible. T h en he counts his paces back to the section. Remember vision at night is easier the larger the pupils of your eyes are. More light enters them if they are large than if they are small. N ow if you peer at a thing close to you, your pupils automatically become smaller than if your glance is directed into the distance. Although look ing into the distance objects in the foreground are still visible to you, and in the darkness they are actually more visible than if you look right at them. It is easy to culti vate this way of looking into the darkness if you imagine you are looking at a church tower half-a-mile away. (2)

e a r in g

ist e n in g

ig h t

Stand when you are on sojt ground. P u t your ear close to the ground when you are on hard ground. Yo u will generally hear better on high ground than on low if the wind be towards you, or if there be no wind. Remember— woods, winds and water alter sounds. Practice listening for individuals and parties approach ing under varying weather conditions. Call “ Halt ” to the approaching party, and indicate in which direction it is coming. TH E Y o u will often be surprised to find D IR E C T IO N it is coming from some direction STARS other than that from which you think you have heard it. (3) L

ea r n

to in

th e

ove

a r k

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

compass, but you will need an artificial light to see the map and a luminous compass. fc) B y the fact that in the first half of the night the west is generally lighter than the east, and in the second half of the night the east is lighter than the west. I f you face the east your left shoulder points north, and your right shoulder south, so that if you know the direction you want to go in, and if you know roughly what time it is, you can often tell north and south in this simple way. (d) B y sounds, such as the sound of a river or water fall, of which you know the position. A steady, prevalent wind and the direction of clouds may be some guide to you at times. (e) I f you happen to be near a bush or tree and can see a star below a branch, and then if after you have kept quite still for ten minutes you see the same star above the branch, you may, o f course, conclude that star is rising. Now stars rise in the east and set in the west. I f you face the rising stars you left shoulder points north and your right shoulder south, and you are facing east and back to the west. T hus you can get your bearings, roughly, by the stars, even when you do not know what stars they are. ( / ) All the methods I have spoken of, except the map and compass, are rough methods ; but you can know your exact whereabouts if you have taken the trouble to learn a little about two or three groups of stars :— O n e little cluster of stars and about nine twinkling stars of the first magnitude, which are called Direction Stars. j. Groups o f stars or constellations. Most of you know the Great Bear, or Plough, or Charles Wain, to call it by three names. T h is is always XJan

or N o rth e rn L a t iudes. T h e y a r e a ll w in k l in g s t a r s . P la n e t s a r e n o u se .

oisele ssly

without rattling equipment. A wounded man being carried must be cautioned to keep quiet. In the case of a man carried by the bank of the Yser his groans drew the enemy’s fire. On short grass or hard ground put your toes downfirst. A n Italian peasant who wears soft sandals always does this, and he is a good and noiseless walker.

m m ur

In long grass you will be quicker it you put your heels down first. Remember— if you don’t know where you are, and which is north in the day time, you will be helpless to the dark. In the tiight time you can guide yourselves— («) A s in the day, by objects you have seen before and recognise, though, of course, unless you know them exceptionally well, your pro gress will be much slower. (b) A s in the day, by map and

if vnner,t,fW«yrtl - 1f arnr thiS *S

the Shy>but1 k wil1 helP you t0 do

n r n n e r n h ir £ p a p e r fo r t h e s t a r s a n d s t it c h p r o p e r p la c e s o n t h e in s id e o f a n o p e n u m b r e lla .

t h e m in t h e ir

CnVJ*

FIR ST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

to be seen on a clear night in northern latitudes, in E n g land and Flanders, for instance. It consists of seven stars, arranged like the diagram of a saucepan. T h e Americans call it “ the Dipper.” T h e lip of the saucepan points to the North Star. L o o k at this diagram and you will see what I mean. T h e North Star is always fixed due north. It does not rise or set. T h e Great Bear revolves round it, the saucepan lip always pointing to it. T h e lip is formed of two stars called T h e Pointers. Another group of stars you should know is Orion, the most brilliant o f constellations, always seen in winter to the southward. T h ree stars form Orion’s belt, and three more form the sword— “ Orion’s belt and sworded hip.” T h e head, shoulders and feet can also be seen. Please remember that Orion is visible both in northern and southern latitudes. Roughly, Orion’s sword points north and south. More exactly, if you draw an imaginary line from the middle star of the belt through the middle star of the head, and straight on through two biggish stars to another, that third is the North Star. O n the other hand, if you draw a line from the same point again, that is to say, from the middle star of the belt, but in the opposite direction, straight through the middle star of the sword, that line points due south. T here is no South Pole Star, and even if there were, in E ngland you could not see it. N ow I have mentioned two groups of stars or con stellations. A third, the Southern Cross, is a splendid night guide in southern latitudes, where alone it can be seen. ij. T h e star cluster is called The Pleiades. This is the best known star cluster in the heavens. Y o u will see it on clear winter nights sparkling like a brooch of jewels. T here are seven stars in it close together. “ L ik e a swarm of fire flies tangled in a silver braid.” Y o u will see it early in Decem ber high overiiead and due south at n . o p.m. It is a useful guide in the winter, but by May it is of no help. It rises in the east at 2 o’clock in the morning in July, and, of course, gets earlier as the months go by. So much for the cluster. Now for— T

h e

ir e c t io n

t a r s

T h e y are :— (I.) T h e N orth S ta r itself, which is a yellow star, pointed at by “ T h e P o in te rs” of the Great Bear. (II.) Arcturus, Carry your eye along the tail of the Great Bear and beyond the end of it and the first big star you come to is Arcturus. It is the largest star in the heavens, but as it is yellow it is not so bright as one I shall name in a minute. But it is very easy to find by its position beyond the end of the tail of the Great Bear. L et me finish this list of Direction Stars before I tell you how to use them. ( I I I . and IV .) Procyon and A lta ir are two stars on the same heavenly latitude as the Sword and Belt of Orion. Procyon, a yellow star, is a useful guiding star in the winter and spring, and A lta ir , in the summer and autumn. Y o u will find Procyon a little east of Orion. Y o u will find Altair almost due east in the sky at 10 o’clock (old time) at night in the beginning of June. It is a big white star with a pair of smaller stars, one vertically above and the other vertically below it. This trio of stars, when rising, is always vertical, but when setting the trio is tilted towards the westwards.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

August

1916.

Now I mention Orion, Altair, and Procyon all together for this reason, that they rise almost due east, and they all set almost due west. W hen they are full up they are due south, and when they are half up or half down they are almost exactly south-east or south-west. A ltair is specially useful because you have only to see it alone (supposing the sky is cloudy and it is the only star visible) to know by its being straight or tilted whether it is rising or setting. Y o u do not have to get behind a tree and watch which way it is moving. As Col. Tilney says: " I t is a perfect night guide." ( To be continued.)

Cyprus

and

the of

H o sp ita lle r ’s K olossi.

C astle

B y H. W. F I N C H A M . N o w that England has formally taken possession of the island of Cyprus, which it has occupied since 1878, it is a fitting opportunity to call attention to its connection with the Order of St. John, and give some account of the Order’s ancient Castle of Kolossi. In 1195, Richard I., on his way to Syria for the third crusade, took the island from the D u k e of the Eastern Empires and gave it to G uy de Lusignan, K in g of Jeru salem, in whose family the sovereignty of the island remained until 1487, when it passed under the dominion of the Republic of Venice. In 1570 the Turks conquered it and held it until its occupation by England. Visitors to the island are at once struck with the large number of buildings to be seen, all in the succeeding styles of French Gothic architecture. During the 300 years of the rule of the Lusignans Cyprus must have been almost entirely French. Cathedrals, churches, monasteries and castles arose on all sides, everyone of which were in the prevailing style of architecture of the country from which their builders had come. In the town of Famaqusta alone are still standing more than 20 Gothic churches. As early as the year 1210 the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem had given them by charter from K in g H ugh I. a piece of land in the island of Cyprus, called Kollossi, close to the town of Limasol, and here they built a castle— one of the many fortifications which they erected on the main routes to Palestine for the protection of pilgrims journey ing to the Holy Sepulchre. When in the year 1291 the last foothold of the Chris tians was lost by the Saracens’ conquest of St. Jean d ’Acre, the Knights of the Temple, the Teutonic Knights, and the various other Orders, abandoned their attempts to regain the H o ly Sepulchre and returned to their homes in Western Europe. But the Hospitallers still kept before them the object for which they were founded and sought for head quarters as near as posible to the centre of their labours. T h e y decided to retire to their castle of Kolossi until they should be able to find some position more suited to their purpose, which could be entirely under their own rule. T hese hopes were consummated when they settled in the island of Rhodes nineteen years later, but even after this removal had taken place Kolossi remained in the hands of the Order for several centuries. T h e fortress as it stands to-day is a building of the fifteenth century and has success fully resisted the earthquakes of 1567 and the following year, which so ravaged Limasol and the surrounding neigh bourhood. In plan it is square, with sides seventy feet long and a

August, 1916.

— F IR ST

AID

THE

ST.

height of ninety-five f e e t ; the walls are ten feet thick. It consists of a basement or cellar divided into three aisles also a ground-floor of two aisles or galleries, and an upper floor divided into two large chambers . In the south-east angle a circular stair connects all the floors, and in the north wall a shaft descends to a well in the basement. T h e tops of the walls are crowned by a crenellated parapet. A modern stone bridge which gives access to the door of the ground-floor has replaced the ancient drawbridge, a relic of which remains in the openings in the walls for the chains used to work it. T h e defence of this draw bridge was provided for by a machicolated balcony near the top of the tower immediately above. T h e two upper floors are lighted by two windows in each face of the tower, and the great thickness of the walls gives the opportunity for stone window seats on either side of the internal splayed openings. Each room is separately vaulted in stone, by a pointed barrel vault, supported on one side by the partition wall which bisects each of the two upper floors, and on the other side by the outer wall. T hese rooms contain impos ing fireplaces and massive chimney pieces. In the middle of the east wall of the tower are carved a number of coats of arms, among which are those of the Order of St. John, Grand Masters Antony Fluvian, 1421r 4 37 >John de Lastic, 1437-1454, and John de Milly, 1 4 5 4 1461, as well as of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Lusignan. On the internal walls are still to be found considerable traces of painted frescoes, one of which represents Christ on the Cross between the Virgin and St. John. There are signa tures and dates roughly scratched upon the walls, the pastime of the Knights in their idle moments. Adjoining the south-west angle of the tower are the remains of what appears to have been a chapel, five bays in length, consisting of two aisles having a row of four columns along the middle. Traces of the outer fortifications of massive walls are to be found in various directions, together with a stone aqueduct towards the west. In 1913 H . R .H . T h e D uke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, was pleased to interest himself in Kolossi and suggested that it might be acquired by the Order. T h e Chapter-General approved of the suggestion and negotiations were conducted with the owners by the High Commissioner of Cyprus, Sir Hamilton Gould-Adams. T h e castle is owned by several proprietors, and so far the Order has acquired a sufficient interest in it to stop any attempt to make structural altera tions in the castle or to dispose of it without their consent, so that even if it is not eventually found expedient or even possibly to acquire the whole of the building, the purchase o f these rights will have placed the Order in a very favourable position for the protection of this historical building. In April of the present year the Government of Cyprus declared the castle an ancient monument, and placed it under the charge of the Commissioner of Limasol, so that it is now completely protected from any possible injury or alteration, to which it was very liable in the past. A t Nicosia, the capital of the island, the Hospitallers also possessed a castle and a church dedicated to their patron Saint, the buildings are still of considerable im portance and are the most ancient Latin buildings in the capital. T h e castle sustained a memorable siege in the year 1229. T h e church is to-day the metropolitan church of the Greek archbishop, and his palace occupies the site of the ancient hospital. In the church are buried two Kings .and a-Queen of Cyprus, H ugh I. and his wife Alix de Champagne, 1257, and H ugh II., 1267.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

M e n t i o n e d in D e s p a t c h e s . T h e following ladies of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the British R e d Cross Society were mentioned in Sir Douglas H a ig ’s Despatches published June 17th :— Miss C. Todd. Matron of the Brigade Hospital (has already received the Royal Red Cross). Miss H. M. Barry, Sister. Miss J. Freshfield, Sister. Miss K. Hallett, Sister. Miss M. A. Thomas, Sister. Miss M. Hamilton, V.A.D. Miss N. Pemberton, V.A.D.

o m e n ’s

V o l u n t a r y A id D e t a c h m e n t s .

The Hon. U. M. Lawley. Miss D. C. Sloggett, St. John Ambulance Brigade. Miss C. Cundell. Miss H. B. Nesbitt. Miss E. Mollett, St. John Territorial Branch Detachments. Miss E. MacCarthy, St. John Ambulance Brigade. Miss M. Skinner. Miss H. Walford. Miss C. M. Gordon.

N otes

and

News.

Joint certificates have been drawn up for Application for Admission to ( J .V .A .D . 52), and Discharge from (J .V .A .D . 53), a Voluntary A id Detachment. Applications for these certificates should be sent to the Secretary of the British R ed Cross Society, 9, Victoria-street, L ondon, S.W., in the case of R ed Cross D etachments, and to the Secretary of St. John V . A . D . ’s, St. John ’s Gate, C le rk e n well, E.C ., in the case of St. John Detachments. T h e Discharge certificate should be given to each m em ber who leaves a Detachment, and produced by any mem ber who applies for admission to another Detachment. * * * T h e Joint Uniform Certificate J .V .A .D . 24, to which we referred in our last issue, is now in print, and the printers have orders to post the required supply direct to each County Director. Samples of the Uniform Certifi cate case have been ordered, and as soon as they are received they will be circulated to C oun ty Directors, so that they may get orders for the same from members in their counties. T h e price will be between 4^d. and 6d., according to the total number ordered.

A d d i t i o n s t o V .A .D . U n i f o r m . — It has been d e cided that those V ,A .D . members who have served a con secutive period of 13 months in military hospitals, and who are recommended by their Matron, may wear a horizontal white bar 4 inches long, just below the shoulder on the sleeve of their uniform (outdoor and indoor). T h es e should be of herring-bone material, similar to the pattern supplied. T h e y can be provided in quantities of not less than one dozen by the Secretary, Uniform Department, Devonshire House, Piccadilly, L ondon, W., at a cost of is! per dozen (postage extra). I f a member is transferred from one military hospital to another, either by the Matron-inC h ie f or the Selection Board, she is allowed to count both periods of service towards the 13 months which qualify her to wear the bar, subject, of course, to her being recom mended by both matrons under whom she has served.

— FIR ST

3°

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

In deep regret and with much sympathy to her rela tives from the staff at Headquarters, we have to record the death, on July 25th, of a V .A .D . member of S.J.A .B . (Londonderry/678) while on service at Northfield Military Hospital. T h e names of V . A . D . ’s who thus give up their lives in the service of their country will have earned a place, on that deathless Roll of Honour upon which those of so many of the finest of the Empire’s dauntless sons are now emblazoned. * * * During the month of July, 305 members were posted from the Joint W o m e n ’s V .A .I ) . Headquarters at D evon shire House. O f this total 99 were sent abroad and 206 (including 18 General Service members) went to home hospitals. T h e grand total of 3,258 members at work on Special Service is made up of 978 Nursing members abroad, 2,108 Nursing members at home, and 172 General Service members. In the same period 285 Nursing and 68 General Service members have passed the Selection Board. -t A T h e following St. John Hospitals have recently been o p e n e d :— Moore Green House Hospital, Birmingham, 50 beds, lent by Sir John Holder, Bart. This hospital is at present regarded as an extension of Highbury, and its financial responsibilities are guaranteed by K y n o c h ’s workmen. Saltwell Towers, Gateshead, 50 beds, the cost of equipment having been largely defrayed by auctioneers and estate agents holding a series of sales in the Northern districts. Also No. 6, Kensington-terrace, Newcastle, 50 beds, opened by the Jesmond Nursing Division. * * * It is notified for information that from October 1st next the First A id and H o m e Nursing courses will each consist of twelve hours’ instruction instead of ten as heretofore. This alteration involves a revision of papers 49B, 58, 60 and V.-A. * * * From October 1st next the provisions of paper N .F .C . (2) are withdrawn, except in so far as they refer to the examination of a small number of candidates at a reduced fee. Th is latter form of examination was introduced to meet an emergency, and is only applicable to urgent cases. * * * In future application for the recognition of a Brigade member’s services to the Association need not be supTT

ported

form

A — , but the resolution on form

—

must be countersigned by the candidate’s Deputy C om missioner, and will subsequently be submitted to the C hief Commissioner for his approval, by the C h ief Secretary before being laid before the Central Executive Committee. * * * Applicants for examination for Demonstrators’ Certificates should invariably quote the number of their medallion. *** It has been decided that when a specially meritorious case of first aid is brought to the notice of the Central Executive Committee, supported by reliable evidence, it shall be competent for the Committee to authorise an

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

August, 1916.

endorsement to be made on the Certificate of the person concerned. T his rule is not retrospective. * * T h e introduction of Demonstrators’ Certificates does not at present debar the Surgeon Instructor from utilising the services of any competent person, whom he may select, to give practical demonstrations under his immediate supervision, but such person is not recognised by the Association, and is not eligible to give practical instruction when the Surgeon Instructor is not actually present.

T h e G r a n d P rio ry of th e O rd er of th e H osp ital of S t. Jo h n of J e r u s a le m in E n g l a n d . Chancery o f the Order, St. fo h n ’s Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E .C ., August 15th, 19 16 . His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :— A s K nights o f fusticc (from K nights o f Grace) : Lieut.-Colonel Alfred Dyke Acland. The Hon. Arthur Stanley, C.B., M.V.O., M.P. A s Chaplains : The Rev. Campbell Blethyn Hulton. The Right Rev. Bishop John Taylor Smith, C.V.O., D.D. A s K nights of Grace : Colonel Howard Carr, C.B., M.D., A.M.S. Robert Martin-Holland, C.B. The Duke of Devonshire, K.G., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O. Samuel Hamilton, M.D. (from Honorary Associate.) Lieut.-Colonel Edward Stewart, M.D., M.R.C.P., R.A.M.C. The Earl of Onslow. A s Ladies o f Grace : Frances Belt, Lady Hadfield. Hilda, Mrs. Wynne. Emily Mary, Lady Wynne Agnes, Mrs. Dennis. The Duchess of Devonshire. Sarah Anne, Mrs. Lees. The Viscountess Errington. Florence Elizabeth Mary, Lady Portal. The Countess of Onslow. A s Esquires. Roger Paul Ninnis, M.B., B.S. Major David Donald, C.A.M.C. Henry Walter Fincham.

A s Honorary Serving Sisters : Ida Thekla, Miss Bowser. Martha, Mrs. Cooke. Alice May, Miss Mather. Nora Kathleen, Miss Fletcher. Elizabeth, Mrs. Wakeling. Mary Richmond, Miss Easton. Edith, Miss McCall-Anderson, R.R.C. Daisy, Miss Cartmail. A s Honorary Associates : Christine May, Miss Beeman. Lieut.-Colonel Henry Charlesworth, C.M.G., M.R.C.S., R.A.M.C. Thomas Pearson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Claud Douglas-Pennant. Ida Elizabeth, Mrs. Bevil Smithe.

August, 1916

— F I R S T

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

AID. —

an entirely new precedent as would be constituted by the supervisory commission suggested by the Am erican

E dito rial—

Safety and First Aid

R ed Cross, * * *

D is tric t R eports—

No. 1 ; No. 3 : No. 4 No. 12

A t a C oroner’s inquest Wales, at which a verdict of

T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e —

Radiography at the Front ... ... The Journey, Life and Experience of a V.A.D. Montenegro ... ... ... On Finding your W ay at Night ... ... Cyprus and the Hospitaller’s Castle at Kolossi Mentioned in Despatches ... ... Notes and News ... ... ... The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital St. John of Jerusalem in England ... Brevities ... ... ... ... ... Hints to Hospital Orderlies ... ... ... Ambulance Arrangements for Hostile Air Raids Efficient First Aid ... ... ... ... Stretcher Bearing ... ... ... ... Queries and Answers to Correspondents ... The Humorous Side of the First Aid Beginner Teaching First Aid by Popular Demonstration

in .. ... of ...

° 26 26 28 ->n ->g 30

,,, ... ... ...

36 36 37

B r e v itie s . A c o n s p i c u o u s case of first aid being rendered by a member of the S.J.A .B . is recorded in this issue. Sergt. Hafrop, of the No. 15 East Ham Division, Prince of Wales’s Corps, by persisting in performing “ Schaefer ” method of resuscitation to a man who had been submerged under water for a considerable time undoubtedly saved his life. T his case shows what may be done by skilful and timely treatment on the part of an ambulance student. V T h e C h ief Commissioner of the Brigade, after twelve

months service in command of the Brigade Hospital at Etaples has relinquished his command and resumed duty at St. John’s Gate. T h e command of the hospital has devolved upon Major Trimble, R .A .M .C ., the Deputy ’ Commissioner of the No. 4 District. * * * V i s c o u n t G r e y has sent a note refusing the request of the the American R e d Cross for permission to send medical supplies to Germany and Austria-Hungry. T h e British Foreign Secretary refutes the contention that the Allies’ blockade contravenes the Geneva Convention, which, he says, Great Britain has always scrupulously observed. H e adds that there is no reason to disbelieve that there is an absolute lack of R e d Cross materials in Germany and Austria-Hungry, but there is every reason to suppose the reverse. I f there are any deficiencies in such supplies this must be due to the fact that the Central Powers prefer to use the material in question for other purposes, and any steps taken to give them further supplies would conduce, not to the increased welfare of the sick and wounded, but merely to secure larger quantities for belligerent purposes. Therefore His Majesty’s Government do not feel able to create such

recently held in South Accidental D eath ” was

returned, the jury added a rider to the effect that first aid treatment should be provided on the spot, and the inference is that had skilled treatment been available life might have been saved. It appears that although the accident happened at docks where a large n um ber of workmen are engaged no man capable o f rendering first aid treatment was forthcoming. W e have frequently referred in this Journal to the desirability o f employers encouraging their workmen to acquire a first aid train ing, and many employers now afford every assistance in their power to this end. Apart from humanitarian con siderations it is doubtless the case that the advantages of so doing are reflected in the compensation account. * * * I t is gratifying to hear on the testimony o f the H o m e Secretary (Mr. H. Samuel) that many of the Special Constables are qualifying in first aid knowledge. T h e information was forthcoming in the form of a reply recently to a question in the H ou se o f C o m m o n s by Mr. Jacobsen, asking that all citizens over military age on the jury lists should serve as special constables in their turn unless medically unfit or engaged in other work of national importance, and that steps should be taken to require all special constables to attain to a certain standard in A m b u lan c e work, so that in case of air raids or accidents they might be able to render efficient and organised service. In making the

statement that many of the “ s p e c ia ls ” had already qualified in first aid work, Mr. H. Samuel said he did not think that legislation of the nature suggested was either necessary or desirable W e understand that first aid classes for special constables have been formed throughout the country, and on the whole the ambulance work has been taken up enthusiastically. * * * I t has been recently represented that the demand for members of V .A .D s . is likely to greatly increase during the next few months. Recruits are now obtained with difficulty, owing mainly, perhaps, to the large demands for women workers from different quarters, and also, it is thought, to the great delay that occurred in

employing members after warning them to hold them selves in readiness for service. A further reason is probably to be found in tbe kind o f work on which members are generally employed. T h e ordinary member aspires to nursing duties o f a minor kind, and she is not satisfied when she finds herself relegated to polish ing brasses, &c.

scrubbing tables, cleaning

patient’s lockers

— F I R S T

H in ts

for

H o s p ita l

most carefully. Otherwise, he may pass a restless night, wondering if he gave a dose of physic or some poisonous lotion.

Orderlies.*

B y N. C O R B E T FLETCHER. B.A., M.B., B.C., Cantab., M.R.C.S. Author of “ A id s to F irst A id ," “ A id s to Home N u rsin g" and “ Why and Wherefore in F r st Aid."

C l e a n l i n e s s of Patient.

T h e Orderly appreciates and pays special attention to the Cleanliness o f the Patients— their bodies, hands, faces, teeth and hair— and also to the Cleanliness o f the Bed-clothes, Bedding, & c ., as part of the requirements of treat ment. H e realises that Cleanliness is essential both [ox the proper working and inter action of the Vital Functions and also for the prevention of preventible complications, e.g., bedsores, the chief causes of which are pressure and moisture, due to uncleanli ness. Further, through the neglect of Cleanliness of the patient, the danger o f the spread of Infection is aggravated and may become very real to those in immediate attendance on a patient suffering from contagious disease, especially to the Sister and Orderly. B riefly stated, Cleanliness o f the Patient increases the rapidity o f chances o f recovery o f the patient, and, in infectious illness diminishes the risks o j his attendants. Under these circumstances the Orderly must supervise the arrangements both for the initial bath, which, whenever possible, each patient is expected to take on admission to the Ward, and also for those which must be repeated twice a week. H e must at the same time serve out a clean towel, shirt and pair of socks. • Again, he must remove from the Ward all soiled linen without delay.

Thoroughness

('Continued from page 12 .) C h a p t e r IV .— C a r e o f P a tie n ts . A n O r d e r l y m ust e x e r c is e T A C T .

duties of the Orderly towards his Patients involve both personal and professional responsibilities. In his p e r s o n a l relationship with Patients the Orderly must possess an infinite amount of T a c t , which he must display in all his words and actions, and which will be more severely tested in that he has to deal with men whose temperaments are disturbed by sickness and injuries. W ithout Tact, therefore, the Orderly cannot expect to exercise control or to preserve order amongst the inmates of the Ward. In his p r o f e s s i o n a l relationship the Orderly must cultivate Thoughtfulness for the Comfort of his patients, make the most of his opportunities for developing Accuracy in Observation (on which, to a great extent, the value of his services depends), ensure at all costs the Cleanliness of the Patient, and practise with assiduous care Thoroughness in the performance of his Nursing Duties— e.g. bed-making, diet-serving, medicine-administration, &c. The

T h o u g h t f u l n e s s for Comfort of Patients. Comfort

signifies relief from pain and distress, together with freedom from annoyance. T h e treatment of patients, therefore, possesses a mental and a physical aspect, the latter of which receives attention as part of the Nursing Duties. In the attainment of mental rest and quietude, which facilitate recovery, the Patients are depen dent on the wisdom of the Orderly, who must remember that the punctilious performance of his duties and active care for the personal require ments of the patients cannot replace the sympathetic interest and hearty co-operation which are so pleasing and soothing to a sick man. The secret o j Thoughtfubiess, therefore, is the old-time principle of doing to others w hat we would wish them to do to us. A,

Observation is the act of seeing and noting w hat is seen. T o the Orderly it must becomes the habit of recognising and noting the phenomena associated with sickness and recovery from injuries ; and for this purpose it requires the constant use of all the receptive senses, more especially the sight, hearing, touch and, in special emergencies, even taste and smell. A ccuracy is the practical proof of the powers of Observation, the importance of which in reports and in the performance of duties has already been insisted upon, and is further emphasised in the following section. T h e more an Orderly exercises his senses, the greater is the Trust inspired in his officers, and the less exacting become his duties. T hus, when administering medicines, the Orderly should examine both bottle and instructions

of Duties. Lastly, since neatness, efficiency, and accuracy are the hallmarks of excel lent service, then the Orderly must as a matter o f routine acquire the habit (which he learned in his study of First Aid) of submitting his work to a critical test before he considers it complete, and so demonstrate Thoroughness in each and every act of Duty. Thus, when recording the temperature of a patient, the Orderly will be wise if he delays shak ing down the thermometer until he has entered the result on the chart. This done, he can check his result and save himself the trouble (and his patient the inconvenience) of having to register the tempera ture a second time. * * * * *

A c c u r a c y in Observation.

* B y arrangem en t w ith M essrs. John B a le , S on s and D an ielsson , L t d ., 83, G t. T itch fie ld -stre e t, these Papers (w hen com plete) w ill be pu blish ed as a b o o k le t, p rice 6d. net.

August, 1916.

AID. —

A ccuracy

O bservatio n .

A n O r d e r l y m ust O b se rv e A S P E C T o f P a tie n t.

T h e special points to which an Orderly must direct his observation, are the A s p e c t of the Patient. H e must note particularly the aspect of the patient and his attitude as he lies in bed. Thus, the patient may be suffering from intense pain, from the consequences of grave injuries, or from the effects of profuse haemorrhage. T h e evidence in support of these points would be contortions of the face with or without other muscular movements of the body, a listless apathetic position in bed, or marked pallor o f the face and lips. Again, the attitude may be horizontal as in Exhaustion, raised as in Heart Disease and Pleurisy, or semi-flexed (shoulders elevated, knees bent) as in Peritonitis.

August, 1916.

— F I R S T

AID. —

Much, therefore, can be learned from the Aspect and Attitude of the patient both with regard to the cause and also to the progress of the illness.

late rule that anything unusual m ust be kept and reported. A n Orderly, therefore, must observe the Stools— of which there should be at least one action per day— especially their shape, colour, and character (like pea-soup, as in Enteric Fever ; like rice water, as in Cholera , together with the presence of mucous (slime) or blood, as in Dysentery. Perspiration, which is always going on in health and sickness— and which may be deficient in Fever and excessive in A c u te Rheumatism. Urine— o f which about 2^ pints should be passed daily— especially the quantity, colour, and character (like porter, as in haemorrhage from k id n e y s ; like brickdust, as in stone of kidney) to gether with any difficulty or pain and their relation to the passing of urine. Expectoration— which may or may not be present— especially the quantity (scanty, as in early Bronchitis, profuse as in chronic Bronchitis) and the character (mncous, as in Bronchitis ; blo od stained, as in Pneumonia ; or blood-impegnated as in Tuberculosis o f the Lungs) together with, the pre sence of any noteworthy, or offensive odour.

of the Patient. In this preliminary survey of the Patient an Orderly must include the degree of Consciousness which will serve him as a guide to the condition o f the Nervous System. Thus, the loss of Sensibility may be complete (Apoplexy, Compression of Brain, Epilepsy) or p a r tia l (Hysteria), or it may be complete or p a rtia l (Shock, Syncope, Collapse). Again, it may be associated with convulsions (Epilepsy, Apoplexy) or with evidence of Brain Disease or Injury— the existence of which would be suspected if, in addition to the interference with Consciousness, there were present signs of paralysis of the limbs or alterations in the creases of the face and in the reaction of the pupils to light. Lastly, the amount, character and effects of the sleep enjoyed by the patient must be noted, be cause sleeplessness indicates some disturbance of the Nervous System.

S en sih iliiv

1 u l s e of the Patient.

The pulse w ill demonstrate the

0 0 y*

[.M a rty n B ro s, Cheltenham .

A group of St. John and Red Cross Members doing transport duty in Cheltenham. T h e transport otficer is Dr. H ugh Powell. condition o f both the Circulatory and Nervous Sys tems, and is a most important guide to the action of the heart, the elasticity of the arteries, and the state of the nervous system. A n Orderly must by diligent practice learn to appre ciate tbe strength, regularity and rate of the pulse and also the significance o f any alterations on which the evidence of recovery or failing strength depends. Thus, the slow, full bounding pulse of Haemorr hage, Apoplexy and Compression of the Brain may become still slower in rate and reduced in strength, suggesting the onset of Collapse. Again, the slow, weak pulse of Shock and Concussion of the Brain may become rapid, feeble and thready if the dis turbance of the Nervous System progresses. Again, the rapid and full pulse of Fever, Inflammation and Sunstroke may regain its strength while it drops in rate until it reaches normal as the patient proceeds to recovery. E.

E x c r e t a of the Patient.

T h e excretory organs are skin, bowels, kidneys and lungs. T o his Observa tion of these points, an Orderly must add the invio-

N .B .— In addition to the above, an Orderly must note the quantity, colour, and character of any Vomit and its relation to food. C.

of Patient. The act o f coughing indicates some disturbance o f the Respiratory System, being usually the result of inflammation or iritation of the throat (as in Laryngitis or Swelling of Tissues of throat due to foreign body, inhalation of noxious fumes, & c .) o r of the bronchial tubes, as in Bronchitis. T h e Orderly must observe the same points as in pulse-taking— viz., the strength, regularity, and rate of the Respirations (which in the adult average 18 per minute and remain in the constant ratio of 1 to 4 of the pulsations of the heart) and also the significance o f any alterations. Thus, the feeble, shallow breathing of Shock will become strong and regular as this condition passes off, while the rapid respirations of Pneumonia will become slow and weak is Collapse sets in. Lastly, if the patient is suffering from a Cough, then the Orderly must note its frequency, severity and character (dry or loose with expectoration as in

C ough

— F I R S T

B ro n c h itis; short, hacking, and distressing, as in Tuberculosis of Lungs) together with its possible relation to any cause, e g., cold air, change of pos ture, &c. T . T e m p e r a t u r e of Patient.

The Temperature indicates the conditions o f the Circulatory and Nervous Systems and is recorded by the clinical thermometer. T h e normal temperature is 984 F., the common causes of a rise above this figure being Fever, Inflammation, and disturbance of the Brain, as in Apoplexy. A serious fall of temperature is usually due to Shock or Collapse, which are prone to occur after accident and operation. W hen the temperature is being registered, the thermometer is placed (and retained in position fo r a p u ll 5 minutes) in certain positions where the blood-vessels are superficial, viz. :— (1) M ou th .— T h e thermometer is placed under the tongue of the patient, who is instructed to close his lips tightly. Inaccurate results may ensue if the temperature is taken immediately after very hot or cold food. (2) A rm pit.— T h e thermometer is placed in armpit, the hand of the patient being fixed on the opposite shoulder and the elbow pressed firmly against the side o f the body. T o ensure correct reading, the armpit must first be dried thoroughly. (3) Rectum.— T h e thermometer is placed in the bowel. If necessary, a preliminary aperient enema is administered, because it is possible that the thermometer may be passed into faecal matter, fail to come into contact with the wall of the bowel, and so register too high a temperature. It is noteworthy that the thermometer may be artificially raised, e.g., by friction on blanket, by placing in warm water (or tea), &c. Therefore, in all cases of suspected malingering the Orderly must place the thermometer in the selected site and stand by the patient, while the temperature is being registered. (T o be continued.)

E fficien t

F irst

Aid.

A c o r r e s p o n d e n t sends us particulars of a case which may interest readers, showing the effectiveness of “ Schafer’s m e t h o d ” of artificial respiration. On Tuesday, August 1st, a man fell into the dock at Millwall from a barge and was lost sight of for some 9 or 10 minutes. T h e police used their drag, and after one or two attempts succeeded in bringing him to the surface.. H e was landed on the barge, and Sergeant Harrop, of No. 15 East H am Division, S.J.A .B ., commenced artificial respiration. All hope of any life left in the man was lost, but Sergeant Harrop kept performing for 20 minutes, when he was rewarded by a slight sound. This made him redouble his efforts, and eventually brought the man round. H e was very sick, and was wrapped in blankets and taken to Poplar Hospital, where he is progressing very favourably. In 1903 Sergeant Harrop was awarded the Diploma of Merit for saving a man’s life by first aid by the Lord Mayor of Lond on at the Mansion House.

W h e n c o rre sp o n d in g w ith A d v e rtis e rs p le a se m e n tio n “ F irs* A id .”

August, 1916.

AID. —

A m b u lan ce

arran gem en ts Air Raids.

for

H ostile

D i v i s i o n a l S u p e r i n t e n d e n t P. W. H a w k e s gives below the scheme as adopted by the Maidstone Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade :— 1 .— T h e whole town is divided into s ix Sections. 2.— Each Section has either a Dep6t Stretcher Box, or a Stretcher Depot. 3.— T h e Brigade members each have an alloted street or streets to patrol. 4.— Each member is able, under our scheme, to meet at each end of his district, another member, In this way the whole work is connected and members can promptly obtain assistance, if necessary. 5.— As far as is possible members are within reason able distance of their own home. 6.— Each Section is under either a Non-Commissioned Officer or Senior Member. 7.— One member is always in close proximity to a B ox or Station. 8 — T h e Supt. or Senior N .C .O . pays periodical visits to each Section. 9 ,— Arrangements f o r C alls. — W e are greatly indebted to the courtesy of the C hief Constable (Mr. A. C. Mackintosh) who, on alarm being given, telephones at once to the Superintendent and Senior Sergeant. These in turn, telephone or warn certain members of the force, who have been deputed to at once call out all members in their particular Sections. Furthermore four Hospitals have certain Brigade members allotted to each, in excess of those doing night orderly work. This plan has the co operation of the authorities of Hospitals, and they are giving the men every possible encouragement.

A Hull Nursing Officer gives below a short account of the arrangements at one of the many Raid Stations at H u l l :— W e are summoned by the blowing of hooters, and immediately get into uniform and proceed to our appointed place, which is the one nearest to our homes. T here are six of us, and I arrange that there shall always be four present, so that when alarms come three or four times in one week, two may remain at home. W e each take a small supply of private stores, and the Corporation have supplied a large quantity of wool, roller bandages, &c. A St. John’s Sergeant, with a squad of men, who have stretchers and rugs are also in attendance. T h e Doctor in Charge comes quite early to see that all is in order, after which the Assistant Commissioner is telephoned to so that he is in touch with all the Station s; during the night a Corps Officer also comes in on his way round to the various places in his district. W e have two long tables on which the stores are arranged— one for the men and the other for ourselves, which is screened by sheets in a corner set apart for our u s e ; we pass the time knitting and often in bandage practise and other ambulance work. About midnight some kindly disposed people bring us a tray with nicely served cups of tea, which are most acceptable, as we often have to remain until the small hours of the morning before we are dismissed by one long blast from the hooters. W e started these attendances on May n t h , 1915, and have attended thirty-three times, the Zeppellins have visited us on three of these occasions. I leave the account of work done on these visits in abler hands, as I merely wished to show how we pass the time when waiting,

August, 1916,

— F I R S T

remembering that “ T h e y also serve who only stand and wait.”

Stretcher

B e a r in g

B y A. H A M M E R S L E Y J O H N S T O N , M .R .C .S .,L .R .C .P .

Assistant-Commissioner No. 6 District, S.J.A.B . T h e carryin g o f a heavy stretcher case a con siderable distance, or o ver rough ground, calls for co n sidera b le e ndur a n ce from the bearers, a n d any practical a m b u la n c e worker kn o w s the valuable assistance given by additional bearers.

As the head end of the stretcher is the heavier when loaded, our attention must be directed to the method of carrying that will permit, say, with four bearers, three to share the weight of this part of the stretcher, and this means Nos. 1 and 3 between the shafts, with Nos. 2 and 4 giving inside hand support at the sides towards the head. From enquiries and practical experience, I find that stretcher bearers are less fatigued, and can get along much quicker and easier this way than by any other, particularly so when the patients have to be carried a long distance.

A I D

—

the shafts, it can be carried by the remaining bearers almost at the same rate as on the level. Not only does this invention greatly assist the bearers but, by taking hold of the sides o f the stretcher between the handles carried by Nos. 1 and 3, the spring of the stretcher is reduced and therefore the shaking of the patient is lessened. T here are other points to be said in the favour of this little and useful appliance, which can only be understood by its use, and I can without any hesitation strongly re commend its trial by ambulance workers concerned in the transport of the wounded. In conclusion, I may say that not only is it in use by the male members of the Brigade, but it is being used with much relief and other excellent results by female bearers, and it is remarkable how the weight of the loaded stretcher is lightened when carried by bearers in the shafts and two on either side (a method of carrying that is specially suitable for female stretcher bearers and boys) with the assistance of “ T h e Stretcher Bearers’ F riend.”

T here has been, however, one or two objections to this particular method of carry ing, such as the arms of the side bearers being twisted, caused by having to take hold of the stretcher with the palm of the hand uppermost, “ an underhand g r i p ” also cramp in the hand, and ofttimes “ spells ” and blisters become a serious nuisance. T hese difficulties, however, have now been overcome by an apparatus one of the N .C .O .’s of the Scarborough Division (Sergt. Colclough) has patented and named “ T h e Stretcher Bearer’s Friend,” and I desire to draw the attention of ambulance workers, both male and female, to this ingenious invention. It is a grip apparatus which can be easily carried under the belt of the bearer when not in use, and though very strong, nevertheless light in weight. The illustration shown the hand grip held by the Sergeant, It fastens itself to any width of shaft, and can be instantly released. T h e heavier the patient, or the more the bearer pulls, T h e D enaby Main Corps spent a week-end in camp at Braithwell this month. the tighter it grips. T h e handle of the grip stands away from the side of the stretcher and so permits the bearer to take a natural T h e second annual inspection of the No. 8 District of and “ overhand grip ” without the risk of jamming the the S .J.A .B . took place at Preston Park, Brighton, on July knuckles. 29th. A b o u t 150 men and 100 Nursing Sisters were on A bearer of any height can keep the arm straight parade. T h e Deputy Commissioner (Dr. Cotton) was the whilst carrying, by standing nearer to, or further from the Inspecting Officer. stretcher and this lessens the strain upon the muscles, a point greatly to be reckoned with when carrying long distances. T h e Chairman of the Joint Com m ittee of the British Should the hands of No. 3 bearer become cramped R ed Cross Society and the Order of St. John has received or tired, he can, without throwing any undue weight upon the following telegram from Italy :— “ British R e d Cross the other bearers, release his hold for a short distance in established in G o r iz ia ; Italians deeply appreciate excellent order to stretch his fingers without staying the progress of work done by British R e d Cross Am bulances under fire.” transit, and, consequently, there is no need to “ change bearers.” W h e n c o r re sp o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t is e r s Should it be necessary to carry the stretcher over ple ase m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id .” steep ground or down steps, where No. 3 cannot remain in

— F I R S T

Queries and .Answers Correspondents.

Q ueries w i ll be dealt w ith under the follow in g rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left h a n d corner of

the envelope “ Q uery f

a n d addressed— F i r s t

A id ,

46, Cannon-street, Lo n d o n , E . C . 2 .— A l l Q ueries m u st be accom panied by a “ Q uery C o u p o n " cut *rom the cu rren t issue o j the jo u r n a l, or in case of Q ueries from abroad from a recent issue. y .— Q ueries are in v ite d on F ir s t - A id , H o m e-N u r sin g a n d HomeLlygiene as these are o f gen era l interest. 7 hese w ill be answ ered in F i r s t A i d i f space perm its. 4 .— Q ueries,

accompanied by stamped

August, 1916

AID. —

The prime object of First Aid being to preserve life, the solution of this problem tests the discrimination and resource fulness (Cantlie p. 18) of the First-Aider, while it impresses on him the lesson that in some rare emergencies he must make a choice of risks— in this case, death from drowning or conversion of dislocation into fracture-dislocation. As a fact, however, much depends on the dislocation, which may be one of several varieties, and on the position of the arm. In most instances it will be perfectly safe to adopt Schaefer’s Method, special care deing directed to the injured shoulder both during the act of rolling patient on to his face and also during manipulations. In some cases, where the possibilities of aggravating the injury are more urgent, the combination of Howard’s and Laborde’s Methods may be selected at the outset with the option of Schaefer’s Method as a last resource. — N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

N o n -C o m . also asks : “ In the case of a severe and untreated addressed envelope,

w i ll be

answ ered by post.

144056 (Manchester) asks : “ How does application of heat to an unconscious person tend to overcome Shock, when the patient being unconscious cannot feel the warmth ?” Shock is a depression of the Nervous System which finds expression in loss of body-heat and, when severe, in loss of

wound of the temporal artery, how long would it take for the injured person to get into a state of Collapse through loss of blood ? Do you think a blood clot would form whilst blood flows so briskly as it did in this case?” The factors which control the situation are the degree of Shock, the variety of wound, and the reserve strength of patient. Shock, by producing insensibility and by causing patient to fall, which tend to limit loss of blood ; a contused (or lacerated) wound, will act similarly; and a vigorous consti tution will go far in postponing the onset of Collapse. Therefore, it is impossible to set a time limit and unprofitable to guess at the possi bilities of formation of blood-clot which depends absolutely on the rate of escape of blood. See Why and Wherefore in F irst A id , pp. 43-44.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

I n s t r u c t o r 1 5 Y e a r s . — N . F . C . 2 was only intended as a temporary regulation to meet the requirements during the war. The new regulation of the S.J.A.A. recognise lay instructors, a thing for which they have been agitating for a con siderable time.

“ The H um orous S id e of F ir s t Aid B e g i n n e r .” A

SKETCH .

enthusiastic beginner in ambulance wotk often presents a curious psychological aspect to the eye of the person who chances to be The Staff of the Summerdown Convalescent Hospital, all of whom, with practically ignorant to medical knowledge. the exception of the Officer in charge and Sergeants, are As soon as the first certificate of proficiency members of the S.J.A.B. has been obtained the owner is usually burning to put his newly-acquired skill to a practical use. This desire he fans by a diligent perusal of the consciousness. If this loss of heat proceeds beyond a certain point, the Vital Functions cannot continue their inter-action accidents reported in the daily papers, usually laying and death must result. The feelings o f the patient, therefore, down the paper with a sigh and “ I wish I had been are immaterial to the object desired; but, if the patient is con t h e r e ! ” or words to that effect. L ik e a carrion crow scious, they are valuable, because, when he tells us that he feels warm and comfortable, the?i we know that we have established he scents trouble from afar and speeds up to the the reaction for which we aim in our treatment of Shock.— scene of an accident with a satisfied expression N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . on his face. It may be serious, on the other hand it may be a little boy with a slightly cut forehead. Never mind, he sets his mouth hard and feels really quite a medical N o n -C o m . (Notherton) sends this Query, and asks for treat man as he attaches a bit of strapping-plaster and finishes ment thereof : A man is swept off a rock into the sea. off with a handkerchief folded carefully in three, with an When found, his right shoulder is dislocated and respira admiring crowd looking on. H ow carefully he tries to tion is suspended. T h e

August, 1916

— F I R S T

give the finishing touch with a reef-knot. Should he find he has made a “ granny,” how keenly he feels the disgrace. W hy anyone in the crowd could tie a handkerchief on with a “ granny knot.” A n d when the little boy goes off with his wrapped-up head, how proud the first aid worker feels. A gentle glow suffuses his system as he goes off to buy a new handkerchief and reconstructs in his mind the details of his treatment of his “ first case.” For a time he revels in (imaginary) gore and walks about looking for broken limbs to try his ’prentice hand on. Should he see a man leaning against a railing looking rather white, he walks past once or twice and then asks with solicitude if “ he feels ill,” probably finding out the stranger has just lost a sovereign through a hole in his pocket, or, perhaps, discovered a letter his wife gave him to post three weeks ago. Should one of his friends fall off his bicycle and re count the experience to him, he looks delighted, and says, “ Why you might have fractnred your clavicle.” His friend probably looks at him dubiously, wondering whether his friendship is worth having, and also what he means by “ clavicle.” T h e exponent of first aid in the initial stage of his career is usually a small perambulating hospital and carries a large supply of bandages, lint, & c , prepared to open “ s h o p ” anywhere. H e certainly seems a diabolical kind of person as he chuckles over your fractured radius and gloats over his maiden-aunt’s dislocated humerus, but his intentions are good and the services he renders compensate his patient for the professional (?) delight he displays over the injury. After a little experience he soon discards this rather amateur display of his feelings and he may then be reckoned as a useful member of society and in a small way a benefactor to humanity.

A I D . —

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F ir s t

A id

P o p u la r

D em on stration . O n August 3rd a “ Display in First A id ” was given by the “ S ” Division Metropolitan Police T e a m for the instruction and benefit of the “ L ” Division Special Constabulary, at Kennington-lane Station, S.E. T h e object of the display was to convey to the audience the action to be taken and the difficulties likely to be met in rendering first aid to the injured in the street. Each item was made as relistic as possible by the intro duction of some staging and conversation between the ubiquitous bystander and the first aider. Throughout the whole of the display the spirit of first aid was maintained, and the attention of the audience was completely held (in spite of a very hot evening) while the points were explained by the operators. This venture of “ T eaching First A id by Popular Demonstration ” is finding favour, and it is obvious that the interests of “ First A id to the Injured ” would be enhanced by the encouragement of such displays.

APPTP.m A s k fo r “ DELECTA” — th e nam e d e s c rib e s th em .

W HEN

C O R R E SP O N D IN G

W IT H

A D V itiR

T IS E R S P L E A S E M E N T IO N “ F IR S T A ID .”

As we go to press, we have received a most interesting account of a meeting held at the Cannon-street Hotel, a few days ago, in connection with the presentation of awards to members of the London District Staff of the S.E. & C .R ., by the Right Hon. Sir William Hart Dyke, Bart. A full report of the proceedings will appear in the next issue of F i r s t A i d .

— FIRST

H a v e you Treneh ^ Sores to Treat 0

August, 1916.

AID.

A ‘R e l i a b l e

There is no speedier or more effective remedy th a n Sphagnol.

T o n i c

A n R .A .M .C . Officer writes :— “ Men in the trenches are liable to develop an eczematous condition of the face which they call ‘ T rench Sores.’ I found the condition difficult to treat until I tried Sphagnol. Now I can almost guarantee a quick cure if the patient will use it for a couple of days.”

Spha^nol is a distillate of Peat— antiseptic and possesses re markable healing properties. Leading men in the medical profession regard it as the standard remedy for skin diseases and inflammation, and it is recom mended by a well-known surgeon as a valuable First Aid Dressing for wounds.

la n o n

r e lia b ility

a ll

c a s e s

H a l l ’s

v ita lity b e e n

o l

i n e

lo w e r e d

h a s

C ■I

n e v e r

m o r e

m a r k e d th e

o f

c le a r ly

th a n

d u r in g

w a r.

H a l l ’s W i n e

has

worked

th e

m o s t de fin ite b e n e f it in c a s e s o f n e r v e - s h o c k , w e a k n e s s from lo ss o f b lo o d , p r o t r a c t e d strain, or

o p e r a tio n ,

an d

r e ta rd ed

co n valescen ce. It h a s re sto re d m a n y an i n v a lided w arrio r to h e a lth an d h a s given

strength

thousands

e n d u r i n g civil strain at h o m e .

A Doctor s a y s : “ Where vitality is low, or nerves are shattered, Hall’s W ine is invaluable.” FO R f r e e

o u t f it

D o ct o r s and R . A M . C . Officers should write for our F re e Outfit o f S p h a g n o l P r ep ara tions. T h i s offer is made so that the cu ra tive powers o f S ph ag nol m ay be tested under personal observation.

SO RE

FEET.

A Private in the Wor ce ster R e gim e n t, w h o has h im se lf been treating his feet with S p h a g n o l, recently wrote to us :— “ T h e O intm en t w as ttu ly a godsend, f o r it has acted like a charm upon my je e t , w hich have been so sore a n d blistered. / never knew O intm en t to giv e such r e lie f."

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August, 1916.

— F I R S T

AID. —

Just what the First Aid Worker requires. T

S c ie n c e A n

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EXPERTS. W ar

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O r d e r lie s , P o l ic e m e n , and m e m b e r s o f A m b u l a n c e and First Aid C l a s s e s .

The

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you

need

Reading and fo r Reference.

fo r

E v e ry earnest F irst A id W o rk e r requires a set o f b ooks o f this ch aracter at his elb ow , so that he can con tin ually refresh his m em ory b y hasty reference on points o f d oubt or difficulty and read m ore d eep ly into the understanding o f pathological principles in his tim es o f leisure. T h is is not a fam ily m edicine b o ok o f the “ W h a t to do till the doctor c o m e s” style. It is a textb o ok o f m edical and surgical and nursing and am bulance and em ergency w o rk , in valuable to all w ho are k een ly interested in H y gie n e , H ealth and the prevention and treatm ent o f D isease.

You get this Work

for

down.

You m a y pay the Balance by a few sm all m on thly sum s

beginning

T h e R t. H on. V ISC O U N T K N U T S F O R D ( C h a ir m a n o f th e L o n d o n H o s p ita l) w rite s :— “ 1 T h e S c ie n c e a n d A rt o f N u r s in g ’ is b y f a r th e b e s t w o rk 011 th e s u b je c t, a n d I s h a ll se e t h a t a ll m y th re e h o s p ita ls h a v e s e v e ra l c o p ie s , a n d s h a ll g iv e th e m a s p riz e s to n u r s e s .”

30 d ay s after you get the Books.

T h e s t y l e in w h i c h th e w o r k is c o m p i l e d r e n d e r s it e q u a l l y u se fu l for s u s t a i n e d s t u d y a s for re f e re n c e . A n e x h a u s t i v e i n d e x e n a b l e s a n y p o i n t to b e tu r n e d u p in an in s t a n t . A n d the colou red p la t e s h e l p th e p r i n t e d m a t t e r to e l u c i d a t e the t e a c h i n g o f j u s t t h a t s p e c i a l i s e d i n f o r m a t i o n on health and disease w h ic h the nurse, the am b u la n c e w o r k e r a n d th e first ai d e n t h u s i a s t n e e d s in o r d e r to assis t in r e s t o r i n g h is p a t i e n t s t o h e a l t h . “ T he S cience and A rt of N ursing ” is supplied at a p op ula r price an d on terms that are p e c u l i a r l y c o n v e n i e n t for s l e n d e r i n c o m e s . The b o o k s m a y b e p a id for o u t o f i n c o m e w h i l e th e o w n e r is u s i n g th e m .

M iss S Y D N E Y B R O W N E , R .R .C ., l a te M a tr o n - in c h ie f, T e r r i to r i a l N u r s in g S e r v ic e A d v is o ry C o m m itte e (w h o is re s p o n s ib le fo r tl>e o r g a n is in g o f 3,000 T r a in e d N u r s e s fo r th e W a r), w r ite s :— “ T h e m o s t u p - to - d a te w o rk o n N u r s in g ( w r it te n b y e x p e r t s in e a c h b r a n c h ) t h a t is p u b l is h e d .”

S u bjects Treated : Anatom y. Physiology. Bacteriology. Elem entary Pharmacy. Public H ygiene. H ygien e for Nurses. A ir, W a t e r , Soil, etc. H ouses for the People. T h e Nursing o f Phthisis. T ro p ic a l Diseases. E lectrical Treatm ent. X -R a y Treatm ent. Invalid C o okery. Sickroom Recipes. M assage. C a re o f the Insane. M id w ife ry and M onthly Nursing.

S u b je c ts T r e a te d :

M ale Nursing. A rm y Nursing. Q u een A lexan d ra's M ilitary Nursing. Royal A rm y M ed ical Corps. H eart A ffectio n s. C h est A ffections. Nursing Staffs in H ospitals. C a re o f the A ged . C a re o f C hildren. Practical Details. Splints. Fractures. Bandages. T ourniquets. Diets and Treatm ents (Special). Surgical and A ccid en t C ases. Haemorrhage. W ou n d s.

Inflammation and Gangrene. C e reb ra l Concussions. H ot P a ck s: Fomentations. A rterial Haemorrhage. W a s h in g out the Stomach. C u p p in g : Leeches. Gunshot W o u n d s. Enemata. N eurasthenia. Injections. Infected W o u n d s. A pp lication o f H eat. Leiter's T u b e s (C o ld ). H o w to lay out the Dead. C e reb ra l Excitem ent after Injury. Functional Disorders.

Epileptic Fits. Fainting Fits. Com m on Poisons. A ll First A id Treatm en ts. A ccid en ts and Em ergencies. Burns and Scalds. H o w to Prepare for an O peration. A fte r the O peration. A pp lian ces, etc., etc. Prescriptions. Exercises. T rain in g Schools and Nursing Institutions. N ursing in Poor L a w Institutions. T h e L a w R elating to Nurses. M ed ical Glossary.

It covers the whole wide field of Medical and Surgical Nursing*.

FREE

To the Waverley Book Co., Ltd., 7, 8 & 9, Old B ailey , London, E .C.

An E x p la n a t o r y B ook let for t h e F ir s t Aid W o r k e r w h o m ea ns to be efficient.

Sig*n t h e r e a n d Post.

P lease send m e you r F R E E B o o k on

“ T h e S c ie n c e and A r t of N u r s i n g ,” w i t h fo r a first p a y m e n t o f 2 S. 6d., t h e b a l a n c e

as to y o u r offer to d eliver the com p lete w o rk b y a few m on th ly paym ents.

p a r t ic u l a r s to b e p a id

I t is understood th at this ap p lication places me under no ob liga tio n to order the w ork . N A M E ...............................................................................................................................................................................................

AD D RESS.................................................................................................................................................... F.A.L., 1916.

.................................................... .......................................

— F I R S T

Aids to Memory for ‘ First Aid’ Students. By L. M.

M .B ., C .M . E d in . A u th o r (jo in tly w ith W .R .E .) o f “ P r o b le m s in F i r s t A i d , ” S t. J o h n A m b . A sso c . F r a n k

C h r is t ia n ,

S e v e n th E d itio n n o w r e a d y .

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r f e a r h e w ill g o r u s t y i f h e w ill ta k e a n o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f th e m e n ta l m ix t u r e c o n ta in e d w ith in th e c o v e r t o f th is s p le n d id b o o k . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e tt e r u t il is a ti o n o f s p a c e , a b e tt e r tr e a tis e o n th is s u b je c t c o u ld n o t b e w r itte n . . . t h e b o o k for a ll, w h e th e r o ld h a n d s o r s tu d e n t s ." “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a rv o ’ o f th e g r e a t e s t v a lu e .” P r ic e : I n C lo th , 6 a . n e t — b y p o s t 7d. I n L e a th e r , 2s. n e t — b y p o s t 2s. 2d. S to c k p o rt

:C o n n e ll &

B a ilh y , L t d ., “ E x p r e s s ” O f f ic e , S t .

a n d The S t. John Ambulance Association,

gu id e

P b t e r ’s S q u a r b ,

S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , L o n d o n .

HOW TO SWIM: in t h r e e le s s o n s . By

G EO R dE

P rice I d . , post free, I J d .

T IN N 1 0 N . 12 copies, post free, 6 d .

A p p ly — 133, D I L S T O N R O A D , N E W C A S T L E -O N -T Y N E . A rea l F ir s t A id e r is one who can rescue a d ro w n in g subject.

H ANM ER’S Illustrated Ambulance Lecture. M r . H a n m e r w is h e s to t h a n k D o c t o r s , A m b u la n c e W o r k e r s a n d o t h e r s , w h o h a v e s o k in d ly a s s is t e d h im in t h e o r g a n is in g o f la s t s e a s o n ’s to u rs.

T h e i r w illin g h e lp h a s e n a b le d h im to v is it 150 to w n s , a n d t h e t o u r s h a v e in c lu d e d E n g la n d , I r e la n d a n d W a le s . N e x t s e a s o n ’s fix tu r e s a r e n o w b e in g a r r a n g e d , a n d in t e n d in g a p p lic a n t s fo r t h e L e c t u r e s h o u ld a p p ly e a r ly , fo r th e v a c a n t d a t e s a r e lim it e d . ( N o . 6 D is t r ic t S e p t e m b e r ) . S e n d th r e e p e n n y s t a m p s , t o c o v e r p o s t a g e , fo r “ N o v e lt y I llu s t r a t e d B o o k le t ,” a n d fu ll p a r t ic u la r s to :— C.

HANM ER,

205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m . N o t e . — N o c h a r g e b e y o n d w o r k in g c o s t is m a d e fo r th e s e L e c tu re s.

Best Stretcher on the Market. B E ST QUALITY CANVAS.

P r ic e (A S

S U P P L IE D

SPR IN G GEARING W H EELS.

£ 1 H .M .

5s. G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable S tretch e r for Boy Scouts,

1 4 s.

6d.

H ELPS

(L a te P o a d , H e l p s & C o .), S t. P h il ip s B rid g e . B R IS T O L . M a k e rs ot A m b u la n c e W a g o n s a n d R e q u is ite s .

POSTAL READING ”

INSTRUCTION In “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.”

E veryone engaged in F IR S T A ID w ork should take up the above C ourses at once. A m em ber o f S . J . A . B . w r it e s :— “ I feel d ee p ly indebted for the courses o f instruction received , h ave often w anted to tak e such courses, but cou ld n ever find w here to g e t su ch .” ( T .B .) S p e c i a l t e r m s n o w — h a lf fees— to m em bers o f S .J .A .B ., &c. A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n s e r s S e c tio n o f th e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is tr y a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . 1874),

1 12. S t. G e o r g e ’s R o ad . S o u th w a r k , L o n d o n . A T> Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark •tl .- / Y .-D . Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 21s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

O R S A L E , a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. I id. a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

O R S A L E . — R e g u la t i o n B r o w n L e a t h e r B e lt s a n d P o u c h e s ; a ls o C a p s a n d O v e r c o a t s ; s a m p le s o n a p p r o v a l.— F o lle t t , 4, V ic t o r i a - a v e n u e , B is h o p s g a t e , L o n d o n , E . C .

AID. —

August, 1916.

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects. S e c o n d -H a n d a t H a lf P ric e * . New Books a t _ — _ Discount Prices. C atalogues ee. State w ants. Books sent on approval.‘f Books bought. W . & Q . F O Y L E , 21 and 123, C haring Cross Road, London, W .C.

BOOKS FOR LECTURERS & STUDENTS OF FIRST AID. A iDS T O HOM E-NURSING. B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R , B .A ., M .B ., M .R .C .S . H om e-N u rsin g Sim plified and T a b u lated . Post free, 7d. AIDS T O FIR ST-AID . B y t h e S a m e A u th o r. A Com pendium o f A id s to M em ory. Introdu ction b y Jam es C a n tlie , F .R .C .S . Post free, 7 d . W H Y A N D W H E R E F O R E IN F I R S T - A I D . B y t h e S a m e A u th o r . D ifficu lties in S tu d y and T reatm en t solved by Q uestion and A n sw er. R o ya l i6 m o. Post free, 7 d. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. S ystem s o f B od y accurately indexed. In v a lu a b le to Stu den ts of A n a to m y , M ed icin e, F irst-A id and A llie d Subjects. P rice 2 s . n e t ; postage, 2d. T H E TRIANGULAR BAN D A G E: Its A p p lica tio n shown b y W ord s and D iagram s. B y H O W A R D M . P R E S T O N , Dem onstrator to the Polytechnic. 116 Illus. P rice, I S . n et, postage 2d. T H E R OLLER BANDAGE. B y t h e S a m e A u th o r. Its A p p lica tio n show n b y W ord s and D iagram s. 161 Illustrations. P rice, i s . n e t., postage 2d. AN IN D E X O F F IR S T -A I D . B y J . M. C A R V E L L , M .R .C .S ., L .S .A .L o n d . A vade-m ecum for the A m b ulan ce W o rk er. F cap .8 v n . Post free, I s . 2 d. F I R S T - A I D IN A F E W W O R D S . By th e S a m e A u th o r. W ith C o lou red D iagram s 12 pp. F old er. Paper, 2 d. C lo th , 4d . FIR S T-A ID AN A TO M IC A L DIAGRAMS. T w e lv e in set, on R oller. Post free, 2S. lO d. E ach D iagram separately, 2 d . 3 and 6 (coloured), 6d . each. T H E W H O L E A R T OF BANDAGING. By TH E K LA B O W SER , F .J .I ., Introduction b y jA M E s C a n t l i e . F .R .C .S . Illus. Post ree, i s . 2d P R A C T I C A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G O U T Sc M A K I N G UP H O S P ITA L G A R M E N T S FOR S IC K & W O U N D E D . {Approved by the R e d Cross Society). Illustrated. Post free. i s . 2 d . A S H O R T C O U R S E OF P H YS ICA L TR AIN ING FOR T H E R E C R U ITS OF T H E N E W ARM IES. B y A LL A N BRO M A N , P r ic e is . 8d posTfree. JO H N BALE, S O N S & D A N IE L S S O N , L t d ., 8 3 -9 1 , G r e a t T l t e h f l e l d S t r e e t . L o n d o n , W .

3he Indian JUnbulanee Gazette.. A Journal o f Ambulance Work in India, Burma and the East. P r ic e 2 s h i l l i n g s p e r a n n u m p o s t f r e e . P u b lish ed Q u a rterly . Can be obtained on application to the E d ito r , Jutogh, S im la H ills ,I n d ia P ric e 6 d . n e t.

NOTES

P ost fre e 7d.

FIRST

S id n e y

AID H.

SIMPLIFIED.

L am b .

A H an d b o o k in a tabulated and sim plified form giv in g the main points ot first aid, so arranged as to im press them on the m em ory o f the student.

DALE, REYNOLDS

CO.. Ltd.. 46, Cannon St. LONDON, E.C.

MAKE YOUR OWN L E M O N A D E ^ A Ions, cool d rin k m a d e instantly with

G LA S S LEMONl a n d p la in o r a e ra te d w ater.

NO ADDED SUGAR NECESSARY. W

a t f r ld

"FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. A u gu st,

1916.

Printed a n d Published b y Messrs. D a l b , R b v n o l d s & C o . , L td ., 46, C an n o n S t. L e n d o n , B . C . , to w hom all com m unications sbonld be add ressed.

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 267.— V o l . X X I I I To

[N e w S e r i e s . ]

Our

T h e E d ito r in vites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to am bulance w orkers, these should be addressed to him at 46, C annon S tre e t, L o n d o n , E .C . A ll articles and reports must be accom panied b y the nam e and address o f the w riter, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the E d itor. Subscriptions, Ad ve rtisem en ts and other business communications connected with F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers, &

46, C a n n o n

C O .,

DALE. /f^'^nnum^Post’ Free

if followed by “ T h e Man in the Street ” and his wife and

Readers.

REYN O LDS

GAZETTE.

S E P T E M B E R , 1916. [Entered at Stationers'Hall.)

“ First Aid ” is published on the 20th ot every month. T h e A n n u al S u bscription is 2 s . 6d. post fr e e ; single copies 2d.

DALE,

-----

L ondon,

no small reduction inthe heavy loss of

life and limb which

takes place annually in the streets of

the Metropolis. It may probably surprise many to know that more people are killed or

injured by accidents in the streets of

London than on the whole of the railways in Great Britain put together.

Not only is the loss of life in London

appalling, but it is on the increase year by year.

It is grati

fying to learn, however, that there has been a decrease in the number of accidents due to motor omnibuses amount

L td .,

S tre e t,

family, should effect

E .C .

ing to no less than 24 per cent, comparing 1915 with 1914, and some 44 per cent, comparing last year with 1913. This is, doubtless, in a great measure attributable to the adoption

E D

I T O

R I A L

of the Safety Movement by the London General Omnibus Company, who have upwards o f 10,000 ’buses running on

W e

F irst

Aid

referred in our August editorial to

the growth of the “ S a fe ty ” Movement,

to the

particularly on the railways, and to the

Uninjured.

close relationship between this M ove ment which seeks to inculcate habits of

prudence in the minds of workers and thus avoid accident.

the London streets, and who for some time past have assiduously coached their drivers, employees in

“ safety ”

methods.

conductors and other One of the means

adopted to this end is the exhibition at the cinematograph hall, which is located at the training school at Chelsea, of moving pictures illustrating the right and wrong ways of

It is not surprising to learn that a Movement which has

controlling their vehicles when meeting or passing various

been so enthusiastically taken up by the Railway C o m

obstacles, and for encountering the many contingencies

panies should appeal to others engaged in passenger trans

which are to be found in the London thoroughfares. T hese

port, and the London General Omnibus Company have adopted it wilh a whole-heartedness which does much to commend it to others.

By the exhibition of “ safety”

notices on their vehicles the public are already familiar with the pertinent enquiry : “ Is it safe?” which bids well to become the slogan of

the Safety Campaigners in this

country as “ Safety F i r s t ” is in America. In addition to a liberal display of “ safety ” posters, the L G .O .C . have issued an excellent little series of folders counselling habits of safety for he who runs— or rides. Posters and folders, however, by no means comprise

displays form an integral part of the training of the C o m pany’s staff. VVe hope from time to time to have articles in these pages with regard to the Safety Movement, in order that our readers may be kept informed as to what developments are taking place in this direction, for we feel that the

two

Movements have so much in common that “ first aiders ” will assuredly also be “ safety first-ers.”

T h e connection

between the two Movements is aptly brought out in one of the safety notices which states : “ Safety is first aid to the £7«injured.”

the whole of the C om pany’s safety equipment, and the columns of the Public Press are being largely utilised for imparting similar advice for the well-being of the Londoner, W e produce on another page a selection from these Press

W e regret that we omitted to give the name of Mr. A. de Lan d e Jones, the contributor of the article entitled

announcements, and it will be seen that each and every one

“ T h e Humorous Side of a First A id Beginner,” which was

bristles with catchy phrases comprising sound advice which,

published in our last issue.

— F I R S T

3The Grand ?rio rg of the Order of the Jtospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

Jh e No. i District. D eputy

S t.

John

.Ambulance S rigade.

D ISTR ICT

C o m m issio n e r :

DEPARTMENT.

ORDERS.

-------

W IN N Y.

O C T O B E R , 1916. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 1st.— No. 56 Division, Cricklewood. „ 8th.— No. 9 „ St. John’s Gate, No. 2. „ 15th.— No. 17 „ Merton and Wimbledon. „ 22nd.— No. 70 „ Royal Borough of Kensington.

AID. —

September, i^»6

has been in charge of the No. 4 District of the Brigade for the last 12 months, in the absence of Col. Trimble, who is in com mand of the Brigade Hospital at Etaples. Mr. Woodcock was born in 1873, and he qualified as a solicitor in 1895. He joined the Walton-le-Dale Division in 1902, was appointed District Secretary in 1905, and is an Hon. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. The No. 4 District is the second largest in the Brigade, and it is due to the strenuous efforts of Col. Trimble, and his able staff that it has reached such a high state of efficiency. The District contributed the sum of ,£16,607 to the Brigade Hos pital, and it has over 6,000 members serving in naval and military hospitals. As showing the care and forethought of Messrs. Cammell Laird regarding their ambulance corps, it is interesting to state that the firm is having what might easily be termed a miniature hospital erected in a prominent position in the yard, and several smaller ones in less important positions. The corps is making

2.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. As per separate orders. Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. A P P O IN TM E N T. Divisional Surgeon C. J. B. MacFadden, Esq., M.D., has been appointed District Surgeon vice Col. Cantlie promoted to date from September 7th, 1916. S PE C IA L M EETING . A special meeting of Ambulance and Nursing Officers and Members in Charge of Divisions will be held at Head quarters on Monday, September 25th at 8 p.m., to consider if any further services can be rendered by the members of the District in connection with the war. C O M P E N S A T IO N FO R AIR R AID V O L U N T E E R S . The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police states that under Act of Parliament provision is now made to pay com pensation to those who may be injured, when employed by arrangement in assisting the Police on the occasion of hostile Air Raids. Claims should be made as soon as possible after the occurrence to which they relate. P R O B A T IO N A R Y MEMBERS. Some men are exempted by Tribunals on condition that they join the St. John Ambulance Brigade. When such men have no First Aid certificates, the Chief Commissioner has agreed that they may be attached to Divisions as probationary members, and their names should be recorded on a separate list. They must, however, attend a class of instruction and obtain the Association Certificate within three months. M E R ITO R IO U S SERVICE. Corporal Hatley, of No. 29 Division, and Private Jones, of No. 7 Division, have been specially thanked by the Police for their services to injured persons. An Electric Light Company has written to express its thanks for services rendered by members o f the District. S E R V IC E M EDALS. It is notified that the following members of the District who did not attend the distribution by the Earl of Plymouth, on June 24th, have been awarded the Service Medal of the Order of St. John :— Divisional Supt. A. H. Southam, No. 23 Division. Sergt. S. C. Barnet, No. 37 Division. Corpl. J. Tollafield, No. 11 Division. Nursing Sister B. G. Harris, No. 6 Division. Nursing Sister E. H. Suckling, No. 8 Division. (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. No. 4 District. Mr. W. S. Woodcock, whose

portrait

reproduce,

M r . W. S. W o o d c o c k . rapid strides, and much credit is due to Mr. William Johnstone who has made great personal sacrifice for its success. The men have recently been supplied with uniforms. There are ambulance cupboards and stretcher-boxes all over the yard, and the system is so well organised that delay in dealing with a case is out of the question. It is expected that very shortly the corps will hold a special parade to enable Mrs. Carter to show her appreciation of the work by presenting the men with the certificates and medallions gained. No.

District.

August 12th was a happy day for the nurses of the St. John Ambulance Peel House Nursing Division, who, leaving all work, trouble and care behind for the time, accepted the invitation of their Lady Supt., Lady Nunburnholme, to visit her at Londesborough Park. Journeying from Hull by train to Market Weighton in lovely weather, conveyances carried them thence to the Park,

September, 1916

— F I R S T

and in the delightful grounds the hours passed very quickly. The gracious kindliness of Lady Nunburnholme and the mem bers of her family will not easily be forgotten by their visitors on that day, whilst the music and games added a zest to the proceedings which left nothing to be desired. Sixty left Hull under Nursing Officers Mrs. Longman, Mrs. Spenceley and Miss Robinson.

No. 12 District. The Annual Inspection of the Nenagh, Borrisokane and Limerick Nursing Divisions was held at Nenagh on the 6th inst. The Inspecting Officer being the Deputy Commissioner Dr. Lumsden who was accompanied by Lady District Officer Miss Muriel and Corps Supt. James H. Webb. A fete was held and numerous stalls with useful articles were presided over by local ladies, and an American Tennis Tournament was well supported. The funds were devoted to local Red Cross objects. A competition for teams of V.A.D. Nursing members for the co. Tipperary Challenge Cup was watched by a large and interested crowd, the Examiners being the Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Webb and Miss Poe. The cup was won by the Borrisokane Nursing Division, Nenagh being second. At the conclusion of the competition there was a march past which was carried out in a most admirable fashion. The Deputy Commissioner then addressed the parade and con gratulated them on their excellent turn out and smart appear ance he also expressed his appreciation of the fine response for volunteers which had come from County Tipperary and the good work being done by the Nenagh War Hospital Supply Depot He also complimented the Nenagh Division on the recent appointment of their Commandant, Mrs. Edmund Dease, to the important position of the Head Superintendent of Women’s Welfare at the Ministry of Munitions. That such an important post should have been obtained by a Tipperary lady was a feather in their cap, and he was very sure that Mrs. Dease’s sterling qualities and abilities rerdered her a vaiuable public servant. Lord Dunally H.M.’s Lieutenant of the County then pre sented the cup to the winners, and medals to the members of the first and second teams. The proceedings were closed by the presentation of an address and a gold watch to Sergt.-Major Hennessy, a Nenagh man who recently won the Military Cross.

F ir s t Aid in W o rk sh o p s. T h e Police, &c. (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill, referred to

in our July editorial, has now been passed to the Statute Book with some amendments under the title of the 11 Police, Factories, &c. (Miscellaneous Provisions), Bill, 1916.” Part II. of the A c t deals with Factories and Workshops and Clause 7 empowers the Secretary of State to require — by Order— the occupier of any factory or workshop, where the conditions and circumstances of employment or the nature of the processes carried on therein are such as to require special provision for securing the welfare of the workers, to make such reasonable provision, therefore, as may be specified, and if the occupier fails to comply with the requirements, the factory or workshop shall not be deemed to be kept in conformity with the Factory and Workshops A c t of 1901. Among the provisions which may be ordered are “ ambulance and first aid arrangements,” and the measure provides for the workers concerned being associated in the management of the arrangements in cases in which a portion of the cost is contributed by them. N o deductions may, however, be

A I D -

made from wages in respect of any provisions made. T h e A ct does not apply to factories of a domestic character. T h e passing of this A c t opens out a big field for the promulgation of first aid training among workpeople and every opportunity should be made to encourage and bring before their notice the benefits accuring, not only to them selves but to their fellow workpeople, from the knowledge of first aid training in cases of accident. It is surprising that in this country there are very many factories and workshops where no ambulance appliances are provided and not a single individual trained in first aid. W hen an accident happens in such establishments as these the poor sufferer, if he is able, is bundled off to the nearest doctor or is kept waiting until his arrival, thus losing valuable time and, perhaps, a minor injury is converted to a serious case. T im e and again has it been proved that life has been saved by the timely treatment of a first aider, and we believe if special efforts are made to bring home to employers and employees the value o f ambulance teaching it would result in the movement being extensively taken up.

L ad ies’

New

Service

H a ts .

T h e well-appointed ladies’ millinery showrooms of 1, Old

Bond-street, Piccadilly, London, W. (Messrs. Scotts), are now replete with an admirable and artistic selection o f autumn and winter hats in black and blue felt, o f the regu lation shape required by the British R e d Cross Society and St. John Am bulance Brigade, and Territorial Force Nursing Service, manufactured in three sizes. T hese hats are supplied from the firm’s own factory and are light and of good quality and value. T h e y are listed at 5s. 6d. and 10s. 6d. with an extra charge of 6d. for box and postage, and ladies will be well advised in placing their orders early. T h e higher priced hats will appeal more directly to the requirements of Commandants, Quartermasters and Officers, having a distinctive band and being better in quality with superior trimmings. Messrs. Scotts observe that it is not possible in the ordinary way to produce the above-mentioned hats at this low price, but they are doing so in order to help the Society, and hence the reason for the extra charge of 6d. for box and postage. T h e Matron-in-Charge of the Territorial Force having been pleased to appoint Messrs. Scotts to supply the autumn and winter hats in grey felt, in the regulation shape, the firm have fully qualified themselves to meet all requirements. T hese hats are made in three sizes and are now on sale at the showrooms. T h e price is quoted at 7s. 6d., which includes box and postage, the same figure applying to straw hats which are stocked in two sizes, large and small. Many thousands of these hats have been purchased and, by general consent, they have given every satisfaction.

When the Hon, Secretary of the St. John Am bulance Association at Capetown invited applications from young ladies to fill up seven appointments in military hospitals in England, for nursing probationers’ work, over a hundred replies were received by the next day’s post.

W h e n c o rre sp o n d in g w ith A d v e rtis e rs p le a se m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id .”

— FIR ST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GACETTE. —

September, 1916.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. On

F in d in g

Your

W ay

N ig h t .

B y L I O N E L J. P I C T O N , M.A ., M .B . ( A Lecture given before the Holmes Chapel Amb. Div.) ( Concluded from page 28.) (V.) S ir iu s : I said Procyon is a little to the East c f Orion, well, Procyon is part of a group of stars called ' ‘ the Little D og .” “ The Big Dog ” is another group not far off, be tween Procyon and Orion, but further South than either. In this group, or constellation, called the Big Dog, is the D og Sta r or Sirius, a brilliant white star, far and away the brightest star in the heavens though not the largest. (R e member Arcturus is the largest) Look for Sirius, then between Procyon and Orion, but further to the southwards. It is due south at midnight (old time) in the beginning of January. There now remain four other stars to make up the list of nine Direction Stars. I have already spoken of the North Star, of Arcturus at the end of the Great Bear’s tail, of Altair with the little stars above and below it, and of Procyon a little East of Orion. Last of all I have mentioned the brilliant southern winter star Sirius, between Procyon and Orion, and more to the southwards than either. I have yet to mention : — (V I.) Vega, a big white star which has two little stars to the East of, and close to, it, so that the three form the letter “ V ” like this * J. It is placed between Arcturus and Altair, but nearer the North Star than either. ( V II.) Regnlus is a big white star in a group of stars arranged like a question mark. Regulus is like the dot of this note of interrogation. Y o u will find the star on a clear night easily in this way. Y o u remember “ the Pointers ” of the Great Bear. A line through them passes through the North Star. If you prolong the line in the opposite direction, that is, instead of looking from the Pointers towards the North Star you look in the opposite direction, the line so prolonged will pass near Regulus. ( V I I I .) Capella is a yellow star not far from the North Star itself and on a line at right angles to the line of “ the Pointers.” It is one of the brighest and biggest stars. (IX .) T h e ninth star you should learn to recognise is Castor. Sirius, Procyon and Castor together make a little half circle round one side of Orion, Castor being the most northernly and Sirius the most southernly of this group. Castor is a white s t a r ; but its twin, called Pollux, close by it, is a yellow star. T h o s e of you who are keen on all this may like to note the names of four other stars useful to learn, before I pass on to tell you how the nine stars I have already mentioned should be used as guides by which to find your way in the night. T h e four other stars are :— (1) Spica a white star : you will see it in summer time south and west of Arcturus. (2) A n tares, a red star— the only red star I have

mentioned to you, seen also in the summer, still more to the south of Arcturus but east of him. (3) Form alhaut, seen far in the south in mid-winter; and lastly ( 4 ) Aldebaran, a big yellow star between the Pleiades and Orion. Now supposing these two constellations, one cluster, nine main direction stars and four extra ones have been all learned, how are they to guide you ? I have already pointed out the rough and ready ways, the use of the constellations and how Altair, Orion, and Procion alone can guide you even accurately. But accurate guidance can be given by all these stars, or by one or two alone, if recognised, by the use of certain tables compiled by Lieut.-Colonel W. A. Tilney.* These tables tell you where the direction stars will be at such a time in such and such a latitude. A little practice with this guide in your hands will familiarise you so easily with the positions and movements and the Direction Stars that soon, except for very accurate work, you will be able to dispense with the guide altogether, except to refer to it about once a month. Let us suppose you are ordered to proceed with a stretcher party at 11 p.m. on the night of the 1st of July, 1916, to some place four miles to the S S.E. Allow for progress being slow as the party is encumbered with a stretcher and the ground is broken. Before you start you have spent five minutes with your star time table and your pencil and a scrap of paper tom out of your pocket-book. Suppose you see and recognise Altair. From the time table you will find that at 11 p.m. Altair is 135 degrees East from North. This means that you want to march S.S.E., which is the same thing as 157^ degrees East from North. D on ’t be frightened at this way of putting it. R e member the compass circle is divided into 360 degrees, so that due East is called 90 degrees East from North and S.E. is called 135 degrees East from North, or

f ° r short, and so on.

Y o u also mark on your piece of paper the position of the guiding star at 11 p.m., the hour of starting, which, as I said just now, you found in Colonel T ilney’s Star Tables is 135 degrees East from North. Now, suppose you allow yourself two hours in which to march the four miles. Dur ing that time Altair, your guide, will be moving from S.E. westwards. ^Vhere will it be at 12o clock and where at 1 o’clock ? Your Star Tables will tell you 155 degrees East from North at midnight and due South (or 180 degrees from North) at 1 a.m. T h es e facts you also jot down on your paper. When you start you keep marching for the first half hour on a point a little to the right of Altair. After an hour you march right upon the star itself. T h e n between * M a r c h i n g a n d f ly i n g b y n i g h t w i t h o u t a c o m p a s s w i t h T i m e T a b l e o f D irection Stars, 1916- R e es , L t d . , 5, R e g e n t - s t r e e t , London, W . P r t c e , is .

September, 1916.

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

12 and 1 for the last two miles you keep your direction a little to the left of Altair. I have used the expression “ a little to the right ” or “ a little to the left.” That, you will say, is not very exact. Hold out your hand at arm’s length with the hack of the hand towards you. Held so, it blots out a certain portion of the horizon. If 24 hands were held in a ring round you they would blot out the whole horizon. T h e horizon is divided into 360 degrees as we have said. You have only to divide 360 by 24 to find how many degrees a single hand blots o u t — Answer : 15 degrees. Now we have seen that Altair moves 20 degrees (from 135 E f N to 155 E f N ) from 11 p.m. to midnight, and about 20 or 25 more in the next hour. So a good hand’s breadth to the right of the star will give you your line at the start r f your march, and a good hand’s breadth, or rather more, if it will bring you to your destination at 1 a.m. on July 2nd. On other nights, or with longer marches, you may have to change from star to star, according as they become visible and conveniently placed for marching on. For instance, suppose of the imaginary march we have been speaking of you had to go on yet another two miles in the same direction as before, that is S.SE, or otherwise written

you cou^ still march by Altair, but by

2 a.m. he would be rather more than two hands breadths away to the right of your line of march, that is, he would be YV^fN

^ Ut anot*ler star’ F ° rmalhaut, would be rising

almost in the direction of your line. will b e — 1 ■ and so will be E t N, easier to march on, than Altair.

A t 2 a m Formalhaut a

better

guide 6

and

T o illustrate still further how you would use various stars in the course of the same march, suppose yourself to be on the return journey. T h e line of your march should now be N .N .W ., that is 22 degrees West from North. You will thus have turned your back on Formalhaut, shine he never so brightly.

But V ega will be

IQ^ at 2 a.m. W f N Thus a moment’s reflection will show you that your line will be five hands breadths to the right, of Vega, and just over one to the left of the Pole star. That is all I have to say, gentleman, except this : Many savage races put the average Englishman to shame in their ability to find their way at night, but it is very surprising how soon you will gain confidence in this art, starting as you do on Col. T iln e y ’s carefully worked out system you should soon approach to the certainty of nocturnal movements of the savage and rival him in the accuracy of your path finding by night. Rifleman Proctor, the Liverpool Territorial winner of the Victoria Cross, in a public speech at Liverpool, said:— “ T h e distinction that had come to him was really directly through the St. John Ambulance Association and the Red Cross Society. While he was out in France he had the opportunity of putting his first aid knowledge to wonder ful use. H e knew how hard it was to get people interested in St. John Am bulance and Red Cross work. It proved out there its value, and, strange to say, the incentive was not so much that he went out because he was brave, but that he would be of some use to the wounded men. Everybody was doing things out there to merit the dis tinction.

JOH N

A M B U lA N C E

G A Z E T T E .—

V A D.

New s.

[ T h e fo llo w in g notes are k in d ly su pplied a n d edited by V . A . D . H eadquarters D epartm ent o f the Join t V .A .D . Com m ittee a n d w i ll appear m onthly under the above heading. — E ditor . W e have been notified by the War Office that the working hours and leave of General Service members of Voluntary Aid Detachments will be as follows :— (a) Working H ours.— A minimum of 48 working hours in the week will be required. One hour off should be given for dinner and half an hour for tea. (b). Leave.— O ne day off in every seven, if possible, and 14 days leave in the year. T hese instructions are issued as a working basis, and it is left to the authorities under whom the members are serving to enforce them as the exigencies of the service permit. V

With regard to uniform allowance, it has been decided by the War Office that in future all paid probationers employed on nursing duties in Military Hospitals are to receive uniform allowance at the rate of ^ 2 half-yearly, instead of^ Y i quarterly as at present. T h e allowance will be issuable in advance at the beginning of each six months’ engagement (i e , no allowance will be issuable in respect of the month’s probationary service), and any member breaking her engagement within three months of its com mencement, will be required to refund jQ 1 of the allowance. Probationers at present serving who receive the allowance at the rate of 1 a quarter payable in arrear, will receive their allowance under the new mode of issue the next time they sign the agreement for a further six months’ service. * * * Uniform certificate cases may now be obtained, price 6d, each. Orders should be sent to the Headquarters of the Joint V . A D. Committee, 83, Pall Mall, will only be received from the County Directors or the Commandants. In either case, the orders should be sent in bulk, so that the supply for each county may be sent at one time. * * * Under instruction from the YVar Office, inspections of personnel in V . A D. and Auxiliary Hospitals working under the British Red Cross Society or the Order of St. John, will be made periodically. T hese will be carried out by Miss Swift, Matron in Chief, Joint War Committee, or her deputy on instructions from the Chairman of the Joint War Committee, and the County Director will be notified accordingly. N o inspections, however, can take place in Hospitals where members of Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (including the Reserve;, or the Territorial Nursing Service, are employed. *** As there seems, judging from the number of appli cations received at Devonshire House, to be some mis apprehension on the subject, we have been asked to point out to Commandants that they should apply to their County Directors for Qualification Forms, which are not supplied direct from Devonshire House. * * * T h e following questions and the answers thereto may be of interest:— (1) “ I should be very much obliged if you could tell me exactly what the duties of a Quartermaster of a mobil

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

ised detachment should be in an Auxiliary Hospital of 40 beds staffed by one detachment. (2) “ I should also like to know the difference between a R e d Cross Hospital and a V .A .D . Hospital.” (1) T h e Quartermaster is in charge of the building, stores, equipment, and supplies, and if responsible for the reception of kits, the custody of patients’ valuables. T h e Quartermaster indents for provisions, and exercises a supervision over the kitchen. This is a short epitome of duties. Now and again, however, the officer-in-charge or commandant delegates additional work to the Quartermaster for local reasons. (2) T h e words “ R e d Cross Hospital ” are used in one county for the same class of institution that is styled “ V .A .D . H o s p ita l” in another. v /( During the four weeks ending August 25th, the Joint W om e n ’s V .A .D . Committee has received requisitions for the posting of 643 members (38 abroad and the remainder at home). New candidates during the same period total 1,851, this large number being the result of the Chairman’s Special Appeal in the Press for more V .A .D . Volunteers. T h es e 1,851 new candidates consist of (1) Members sent by County Directors in the usual manner, and who are now having their documents completed for submission to the Board. (2) Emergency members, whose papers have been completed and submitted to the Board. With regard to the Chairman’s appeal, we reckon that 2,700 women applied by post alone— it is almost impossi ble to give any account of the huge number who called and were interviewed at Devonshire House. * * * A pleasing and spontaneous little tribute was received the other day by the V . A . D . members who had been em ployed at a certain War Hospital, now staffed exclusively with trained nurses and made orderlies. It runs as follows : “ T h e Medical Staff of this Hospital take the oppor tunity of expressing their deep appreciation of the devotion and self-sacifice with which the V .A .D . nurses have carried out their onerous duties in this hospital during the past months, especially since the time that it has been reserved for enemy prisoners. T h e Medical Staff tender their sincere thanks for their loyal work and co-operation.”

O rigin By

COLONEL In d ia n

H ospitals.

HENDLEY,

M e d ic a l

S e rv ice

C .I.E .,

V .D .,

(R e tire d ).

I n F i r s t A i d for April 20th, and in The B ritish M edical J o u r n a l for April 29th, there are references to the origin of hospitals. In the former, while it is no doubt correct that they are essentially, as we now have them, the outcome of Christianity, modified institutions for the relief of the sick existed in the ancient Greek and Roman Empires. In the latter named Journal Surgeon-General Bannerman is reported to have said that in the very old days of the Emperor Asoka there were a few hospitals under his auspices, but there were none at all in India when the English arrived and began to maintain soldiers and an army. A hospital to treat soldiers was built in Madras in 1664, and was the first institution of the kind in India, and as such hospitals multiplied in the Cantonments the civil population also wished to obtain treatment accorded

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

September, 1016.

therein, and thus similar buildings for their use were established. T h e above statements hardly seem to convey the full facts as known to us. It is recorded in the native chronicles, that even before Buddhism was established, in Ceylon as early as the fifth century before Christ its ruler erected in Anuradhapura, his capital— the stupendous ruins of which still exist— hospitals for the sick besides instituting admirable sanitary arrangements. As to Asoka, who ruled over the greater part of India from B C. 273 to 232, our information on such matters is chiefly derived from his famous inscriptions on rocks, pillars or in caves. In R o ck E dict No. I I .* it is stated that everywhere on behalf of K in g Priyadarsin or Piyadasa, that is Asoka, have two kinds of remedies (according to M. Senart, but according to Dr. Biihler— hospitals) been disseminated— -remedies for men and remedies for beasts— healing herbs, medicinal for man and medicinal for beast, wherever they were lacking, have everywhere been imported and planted. In like manner, roots and fruits, wherever they were lacking, have been imported and planted. On the roads, trees have been planted, and wells have been dug for the use of man and beast. On Pillar Edict V I I . there is a clause to the same effect as regards planting of trees, erecting houses and the provision of watering places for the enjoyment of man and beast. All these were acts of piety which Vincent Smith considers the best translation of dharma. Such phases of it as have just been enumerated have continued through the different historic periods since Asoka down to the present day, though far too often, as regards the treatment of the sick in the spirit rather than in deed. Moreover we must not forget that the study of medicine amongst the Hindus goes even much further back than Buddhist times and the days of Asoka, and the Ayur V ed a and later works in Sanskrit were devoted to it. This is not the place, however, to dwell on that branch of the subject. It is sufficient to note that it was, as now in the case of Hindus, a part o f religion, and included amongst its duties the treatment of the sick poor and even of animals, as for example in the Pinjara Pul or hospital for the latter in Surat, and probably the provision of suitable places or hospitals in which to carry out the treatment, though again it must be admitted that there was little organization and a sad falling off in practice. As to Mohamedans, we read in the Akbarnama or Institutes of Akbar, the great Mogul emperor, that he visited the hospitals, which were clearly well established institutes ; saw that the dumb creation were properly fed, founded poor-houses, and in the twenty-sixth year of his reign, he suggested, amongst other good works, opening dispensaries in the towns. In the Tuzak-i-Jahangiri, the Emperor Jahangir the son of Akbar states that he passed an order that in all the large towns poor houses should be established for the indigent and beggars. T here is no doubt that there was a good deal of personal and some public aid for the sick and poor at nearly all times in India, but it was badly organised, and even in the early connection of the British, and in many cases up to a very late period indeed, it was far from satisfactory. As to aid in war time, I have shown else where, that it was until very recent times under native rule, and especially for the losing side, almost entirely absent. * “ R u lers o f In d ia .”

A s o k a , b y V in cen t A . S m ith , I .C .S . (retired), 1901.

September, 1916.

W ho

— FIR ST

M ay

W ear

Red

AID

the

THE

ST.

G eneva

Cross ?

By T H E K L A

BOW SER.

P e r h a p s this sounds a ridiculous question to ask, but even now, after two years of war, there are many people who do not know that there are any restrictions in the matter. Even members who belong to one or other of the Societies which have official sanction to tend the wounded, are under the impression that they are the only recognised body of people who can wear the Geneva Red Cross. A s a matter of fact it is the international sign of mercy, but may only be worn by men and women who are authorised by their Governments to nurse the sick and wounded in war. And, again, they can only belong to a nation which subscribed its name to the great Geneva Convention held in 1906. It is hard to believe, and yet it is true, that there are people who are closely connected with one or other of the R ed Cross Societies who still do not know the precise reason why they wear the Geneva R ed Cross. It was Henri Dunant, a native of Geneva, Switzerland, who first set in motion the idea of founding international laws about the care of the sick and wounded in warfare. H e had seen terrible sights at the Battle of Solferino, and was so impressed by the horrors of them, that he managed to have a European Conference called together at Geneva in the year r864, when the first Geneva Convention was signed by a great many European powers. But it is under the later Convention, signed on July 6th, 1906, at Geneva, that all Red Cross men and women work to-day. As a compliment to Switzerland, the heraldic emblem of the Red Cross on the white ground, formed by reversing the Federal colours, is retained as the emblem and dis tinctive sign of the Medical Service of Armies. A very usual mistake which members of Voluntary A id Detachments make is to imagine that the R ed Cross on a white ground is their particular emblem, whilst, in reality, it is the emblem and distinctive sign of the Medical Services belonging to all countries which subscribed their names to the Geneva Convention. Individuals may only wear the R e d Cross when they are recognised members of a recognised Society, and they are entitled to use the sign and the words “ R ed Cross ” only when they are authorised by the State to render assistance to the regular Medical Service of its Army, and are employed with medical units and establishments of armies.

T h e British Government recognises several Societies and Associations for R e d Cross work, the two chief of these being the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, and the British R e d Cross Society. I f you are a member of one of these Societies, or of one of the other Organisations recognised by our Government, then you may wear the R ed Cross, but only whilst you are actively engaged in work for the sick and wounded in war, as a recognised member of that Society. N o one is allowed to make a R ed Cross for them selves and wear it. In Article 23 of the Convention, it plainly states that “ T h e emblem of the R ed Cross on the white ground and the words ‘ Red Cross ’ or ‘ Geneva Cross ’ shall not be used, either in time of peace or in time of war, except to protect or to indicate the medical units

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

47^_

and establishments and the personnel and material protected by the Convention.” T here was a time when the R e d Cross was used in all kinds of business ways, and was constantly to be seen on wrappers of medicines and other things connected with sickness. This, however, is now strictly forbidden, either in time of peace or time of war, and the emblem can only be used by those who are properly authorised to do so by their Government. T h e French people use a smaller R e d Cross on their uniforms than we do, but it is in the same proportion as the original Heraldic Cross. It seems also that there is a good deal of misconcep tion on the point of when and where the R ed Cross should be flown. It is only over a hospital, etc:, A id Post, where wounded or sick belonging to the armies are attended, that the Geneva Cross may be floated, and in every case the flag of the nation to which the unit belongs must be floated alongside of it. In the event of the enemy capturing a unit, he must haul down that National flag, but he must not hoist his own, as by the G eneva Convention, all sick and wounded from battlefields and those attending to them become neutrals, and are therefore neither enemies nor friends. This is a very important point to remember. T h e sick and wounded who fall into the hands of the enemy are prisoners of war, but the medical personnel captured by the enemy must be sent back to their own army when their assistance is no longer indispensable. It is not necessarily only members of one of the nations which is at war who undertake R e d Cross work, but a neutral country may only send assistance by giving notice that it is doing so to all belligerents. T h e brassard, which is issued by the War Office to men and women undertaking R ed Cross work, is given primarily with the idea of protection, because they have no military uniform. T h e members of the Royal Arm y Medical Corps wear the Red Cross badge on their arms, of course, to distinguish them from combatants ; but m em bers of Societies have no military uniform and must there fore wear the official brassard to show that they are authorised by their Government to do this special kind of work. When the Voluntary A id Detachment scheme was formed, in peace-time, a brassard was given to members of Detachments; but when a member goes abroad on service, he or she is given an ordinary white armlet with the plain Red Cross upon it, and this is stamped with an official number by the War Office. It is made very clear to all those going abroad that they must on no account lose the brassards or their identification certificates, as these show that they are recognised R e d Cross workers. Even in these days of strenuous work members of V A. Detachments should make time to read and to understand the G m e v a Convention. It is not at all a bulky document, and can be obtained at the price of three pence from Wyman & Sons, Fetter-lane, E .C . (International Convention Treaty Series, No. 15, 1907). It is a great pity for earnest workers, who are showing how well and how conscientiously they can do this voluntary work for the nation, not to have a sound knowledge on this point ; and it really only requires a little quiet reading and thought, to master the general principles of what it means from the official standpoint to wear that most magnificent emblem of humanity— the Geneva R ed Cross.

W h e n co r re sp o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t is e r s p le a s e m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id .”

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

E a r l y A m b u l a n c e W o r k in India. B y C o l . T . H . H E N D L E Y , C .I.E ., V .D .

I n my papers in the June and July numbers of F i r s t A i d , on “ Early Ambulance Work in India,” I made several references to the history of the subject since 1901. I ob served that there was no general organisation before that year, but it seems that a little further information is neces sary to show how gradually the system became recognised as definitely on an official footing from both the Association and Government points of view. T h e link has now been supplied by the following account, which I think will make the history complete. I am desired to add that the great success of the Bom bay Centre, re-established in May, 1901, under the auspices of Lord and Lady Northcote and the Chairman ship of the Commissioner of Bombay, Mr. Sheppard, was due to Messrs. King, K in g & Co. and Major George Lund. I cordially agree, but we must not forget that Col. Y a te re instituted the Centre, and during the ten years he was Honorary Organising Commissioner for India did incalcul able service to the cause. After some experimental work in 1897 at Chaman, on the Baluch-Afghan border between Quetta and Kandahar, and in 1899 at Dalhousie, Major A. C. Yate, 2nd in C o m mand of the 129th (D uke of Connaught’s Own) Baluchis, wrote to the C hief Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association in the summer of 1900, and laid before him a scheme for the organisation of an Indian Branch. T h e late Viscount Knutsford took the matter up in earnest, and by Christmas, 1900, Major Y a te was appointed, by the Grand Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Honorary Organising Commissioner for India. Between February and May, 1901, Major Yate, with the approval of the Viceroy, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, turned his attention to the establishment of the proposed Indian Branch. After a month spent in introducing that subject to the Indian Press and to the principle European, Hindu, Mahommedan and Parsi residents of Calcutta, in bringing out a pamphlet on “ Ambulance Work in India,” and in securing the support of the influential, both official and private, Major Yate laid his scheme before a public meeting convened in the T ow n Hall of Calcutta by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, Sir John Woodburn, on the 18th March, 1901. Succinctly, the scheme contemplated provincial centres under a Central Committee at Simla. On behalf of the Viceroy, the Commander-in-Chief, and himself Lieut.-General Sir Edwin Collen, Military Member of the V iceroy’s Council, expressed concurrence with the pro posed work and organization; and at the same time competent representatives of the Hindu, Mohammedan and Parsi communities in Calcutta accorded a welcome to it. T h e Calcutta Centre was promptly formed, and by the beginning of May. 1901, Major Yate had visited Madras, Baroda, Quetta and Bombay, and started centres at each place. Serious illness then forced him to return to England. Early in 1902 he resumed his work as Honorary Organising Commissioner for India, between that date and March 1905 increased the number of his provincial centres from 5 to 11, besides Railway Native States, Regimental, Imperial Service Corps and other u n its; obtained from St. John’s Gate the grant of the Silver Challenge Shields for the Railways and Volunteers of India, and himself drew up the regulations and managed the first competitions for these shields at Jabalpur,

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

September. 1916.

Calcutta and Bombay. H . R .H , the Duke of Connaught received Lieut.-Colonel Y a te at the Delhi Durbar Cam p in January, 1903, and in February of the same year addressed from a Bombay platform a message to all India, commend ing alike to Europeans and natives the cult of the work of the St. John Ambulance Association. His Royal Highness’s urgent admonition has borne fruit in the War of 1914-16. With the sanction of the Viceroy, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Lieut.-Colonel A. C. Yate, on vacating in March, 1903, the command of the 129th ( D . C . O ) Baluchis, went to Calcutta (after seeing through the second Challenge Shield Competition at Jabalpur en route) and, in consultation with the Secretary to Government in the Military Department, Major-General D e Brath, drew up proposals for the formation of the Simla Central Committee. T h e Viceroy accepted the post of President of the Indian Branch, and Lord Kitchener, as Commander-in-Chief, the Chairmanship of the Committee. Lord Kitchener showed a keen interest in the matter. When these points had been settled, Lieut.-Col. Y’ ate was instructed by the Viceroy to communicate with the Vice-Presidents and members of the Indian Branch C o m mittee nominated by His Excellency and to invite them to join it. This done, his work was completed. H e tele graphed the successful issue of it to St. John’s Gate, and then left Calcutta via Singapore and Yokoham a for Canada, having been instructed by the Central Executive Committee o f the Ambulance Department of the Order to see, on his way home, if the Canadian Branch could not be strengthened and extended. A meeting in the Parliament House at Ottawa at the end of May, 1905, presided over by Sir James Grant, and attended by Sir Frederick Borden, General Sir Percy Lake, the Bishop of Ottawa and many others, testified to further interest in the question. Colonel Bowdler, the C hief Commissioner of the St. John Am b u l ance Brigade, and Mr. Harold Boulton continued the work in Canada, and the presence of H .R .H , the Grand Prior, set the coping-stone upon the re-organisation of the Canadian Branch.

T h e Viscountess Falkland's St. John Ambulance Association classes will b eh eld at Queen A n ne’s Chambers, 41, Tothill-street, Westminster, S.W., as follow s:— First A id on Tuesdays at 3 o’clock on October 3rd, 10th, 17th 24th and 3 1 s t; H om e Nursing, October 6th, 15th, 21st, 27th and Nov. 3rd. Fee, 103. 6d. each course, payable in advance to Miss Fraser Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, S.W. During the war both courses may be taken together.

Owing to the fact that no separate report of the Central Executive Committee was published for the year ending 30th September, 1914, the wonderful results achieved in the Belfast Centre of the Association, during the period immediately preceding and subsequent to the outbreak of war, have never been sufficiently appreciated. T h e following figures speak for themselves and reflect the greatest credit on the local Committee, the Hon. Secretaries, and the members of the medical profession who have so ungrudgingly given their services :— Instruction: First Aid, 5,483; H om e Nursing, 2979. T otal instructed, 8,462. Certificates : First Aid, 3,503; H om e Nursing, 2,443; Medallions and Labels, 94. Total awards, 6,040.

September. 1916.

— FIR ST

AID

THE

ST.

M id d lesex T r a n s p o r t S ervice. 2nd annual inspection of the Middlesex Transport Service took place at Muswell Hill on Sept. 9th. There were 305 men on parade, comprising six Territorial and St. John Detachments Middlesex, 7 (Ealing) Lieut. Johnson, 11 (Finchley) Mr. Brown, 19 (Palmer’s Green) Lieut. Woodcock, (13 Tottenham) Mr. Powell, 31 (Crouch End) Lieut. Brown, and 25 (Muswell Hill) Lieut. Hieks T he inspecting officer was Surg.-Gen. Jencken, Deputy-Director, Medical Services Eastern Command, and with him were

T he

Photo by\

JOH N

AM BULANCE

“ I am exceeding pleased with what I saw the other night your taking in the convoy was very well done, and as°well organised as it could be. T h e preliminary prepara tion was particularly good. T h e preparation for the eJ a(^u" ation of the train was all that could be desired, and the care with which the wounded were evacuated from the tram, carried to the different cars, and taken to hospital was p e rfe c t.

“ A t the other end the arrangements for taking the wounded into hospital were equally good, and I cannot say how highly I thought of the way in which the whole work was organised and carried out, not only by those in authority, but by the different units. S ee ing you doing preparatory work one does not get such a good idea of what you can do if put to it. T h is preparatory work is probably done with an eye of keeping time and doing things quicker than someone else, but when I saw the way the real work was actually done, I saw all that was left behind. I think you ought to be proud of yourselves for the way you carried out this work, and I do not know any place in England where the same standard of work is done. N o doubt there is a good deal of voluntary assistance being given all over the country, but the organised voluntary assistance in M iddlesex is quite a unique thing ; I have not seen it anywhere else, and I have travelled about a good deal. I think we owe a great deal to you, and your C oun ty Director, who has so well organised all these things.”

C. M. N tavts

M i d d l e s e x V .A .D . T r a n s p o r t . S u r g e o n -G e n e r a l J e n c k e n I n s p e c t i n g A m b u l a n c e s .

Left to right— Capt. P. G. Dirvil-Smith (County Director), Surg. Gen. Jencken, Capt. Tosswill, R.A.M.C., Capt. F. J. Cunnington (Transport Officer). Capt. Tosswill, R .A M .C ., Capt. DarvilSmith, County Director, Mr. Louis Pearson, representing the Joint War Committee. Capt. F. J. Cunnington, C hief Transport Officer, was in charge of the parade, and the staff officers at the base were Mr. Thom as Priest, County Solicitor, Mr. E Young, Hon. Sec. M id dlesex Joint V . A . D . Committee, and Mr. R. J. Harmsworth, Staff Secretary. T h e inspection of the ranks was followed by a march past, the remainder of the afternoon being devoted to stretcher drill, the loading and unloading of ambulances, and first aid treatment. A t the close Surgeon-General Jencken gave an address, in which he said :— “ I have had the opportunity now of seeing you doing real work at Edmonton Hospital, and preparatory work out here. It is rather the unusual order of procedure, but I think, on the whole, that my seeing it in that order was an advantage. Seeing you do your preparatory work one is apt to be critical, but seeing you do your proper work criticism vanishes.

GAZETTE.

(c. .>/.

Photo by)

M i d d l e s e x V .A .D

Class Secretaries are reminded that on and after October 1st, First A id and H o m e Nursing Courses will consist of not less than six lectures, attendance at not less than five of which will constitute qualifica tion for examination.

T ran

Neaucs.

p o r t .— M i d d le l e x 7 M a r c h in g Past.

5°

— FIR ST

Notes

and

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

News.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

adjust themselves in the legislation being necessary.

future

September, 1916.

without

any

special

* * * I t should be noted that under the War Charities A c t of 1916 it is unlawful to make any appeal to the public for donations or subscriptions, or to raise money for any war charity by promoting any bazaar, sale, entertainment, ex hibition, etc., unless the charity is registered under the Act and the approval in writing of the committee or governing body has been obtained. Application has been made for the registration of the Am bulance Department of the Order and all its branches throughout England and Wales, but until a definite decision has been received in the matter, those organising any collection or entertainment of the description referred to above must apply for permission to do so as fo llo w s:— In London, to the London County Council ; in the municipal boroughs or urban districts, to the C o u n c i l ; elsewhere, to the County Council. * * In future, examinations for Demonstrators’ Certificates will be held during the first week of March, June, Septem ber and December. T h e following is a list of the candi dates who were successful at the examinations which have been held up to date:— F ir s t A id .— Eleanor Ward, Walter Tandy, Ruth Smith’ W. L. Girling, H. Maybury, Oliver G. Campbell, Ernest TMilburn, H. Aldam, W. V. Simpkins, William A. Akester, Isaac Holmes, John O. Vaughan, Frederich H. Vaughan, Edith M. Hardy, Eleanor M. Eggleton, Joseph W. Walmesley, Lewis E. Turner, G. Strafford, Frances Corson, R. T . Statham, Mark Luschinski, Maude Bellasis, Frederick Ellison, Arthur P. Statham, Daisie Briggs, Thom as Robson. Flome N ursing.—-Ruth Smith, H edley V. Miller, Margaret Ellis, Edith M. Hardy, Mary C. Spafford, Maude Bellasis, Lydia R. Wilson, Daisie Briggs. * * * W hen the instructions relative to the introduction of Demonstrator’s Certificates in First Aid and Hom e Nurs ing were drawn up the Central Executive Committee purposely refrained from laying down any hard and fast rules on the subject of the remuneration of the holders of these certificates for their services. T here are those who consider that some fee should be authorised for the sacrifice of so much leisure on the principle that the labourer is worthy of his hire, but those who put forward this con sideration forget for the moment that gratuitous service is one of the canons of the Order. From the dark ages its aim has been “ pro utilitate hominum,” and the develop ment of the Association’s work in our own time has been characterised by a gratuitous services freely rendered. T h e vast success which has attended the movement is in a large measure due to the fact that so much of the work has been performed voluntarily. Let us, therefore, those of us whose work is connected with the Association, a foundation of the Order, aspire to its ideals. We may find them im possible of attainment in the material times in which we live, but let us do what we can to keep First Aid as free from any mercenary taint as circumstances will allow. T h e principle of utilising the services of lay-demonstrators to assist Surgeon Instructors is no new departure though it has only now received official recognition. Such matters have been arranged in the past and no doubt will

T h e following account of money and goods received up to the 30th June, 1916, and how it has been disposed of will give some idea of the work that has been carried out in the Canterbury, Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Centre of the St.John Am bulance Association under the Order of St. John and the New Zealand Branch of the British Red Cross Society :— £ S . d. Remitted for B .R .C . purpose 22,775 O 0 Balance in hand June 30th, 1916, for various purposes 6,344 O 0 Balance in hand June 30th, 1916, Sales Depot 2,655 O 0 Balance in hand, Bank, 30th June. 1916 (as an Emergency Fund 0 1,000 O for purchase of material) Remitted for French R ed Cross 5,621 15 11 from all towns in this Centre Value of R ed Cross goods distri 42,576 O 0 buted Approximate stocks and material 2,000 O 0 on hand ... Total

.£82,971 *5 11

Members of the East London Railway Division, Cape of Good H o pe District, under Surgeon-Major W. B. Skinner, M .D ., the Divisional Surgeon, did excellent work on the occasion of the railway accident at H ex River, as is evidenced by the following extract from a newspaper report :— “ It is only now that one begins to realise to the full the really excellent work done by Dr. Skinner and his men, and the manner in which, under the most trying circum stances, they fully justified the time they had expended in securing* training in first aid. Despite the fact that they also had been in the accident, and that many of them were shaken, bruised, and scratched— though fortunately none were seriously injured— they gave instant attention to the needs of those less fortunate than themselves. W ork ing systematically and methodically they appear to have made a preliminary round of the injured, rendering first aid where needed, stopping bleeding, bandaging wounds and making one and all as comfortable as possible. Having done this, more thorough attention was paid to the injuries, and fractures were reduced and broken limbs secured in splints, more permanent bandages applied to serious injuries, anaesthetics administered where necessary, and on one or two of the worst cases suffering soothed by the timely aid of morphia. T h e n stretchers were got out or improvised from cushions and bunks, blankets were spread over the sufferers, and by the time the first relief trains arrived on the scene there was little left to be done by the willing doctors and nurses who hurried to the scene from all directions at the best possible speed.”

W H E N T IS E R S

C O R R E S P O N D IN G

P L E A S E

M E N T IO N

W IT H

“ F IR S T

A D V E R A ID

”

— F I R S T

September, 1916. CONTENTS

THIS

E d ito ria l— ...

D istr ict R epo r ts—

No. 1 ; No. 4 ; No. 6 No. 12 First Aid in Workshops New Service Hats ...

...

— On Finding your Way at Night ... V.A.D. News ... Origin of Hospitals Who May Wear the Red Cross?... Early Ambulance Work in India... Middlesex Transport Service Notes and News Brevities ... Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Wardell Garden Party at Blackrock ... Hints to Hospital Orderlies ... A Real Safety Service Stove... Improvised Motor Ambulance Queries and Answers to Correspondents

... 42 ■ 43 ■ ■ ■ 43 ••• 43

T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e

...

45 46

47 ...

...

48 49

...

51 52

... ... ••• ...

52 S3 55

... ...

56 56

... ... ... ...

57 57 58 58

R e vie w s—

A Compendium Aid to First Aid... A Short Course in First Aid in Accidents ... Hanmer’s Life-Saving Lecture ... Mental Nursing

—

African General Hospital, Muthaigo, Nairobi,

NUMBER.

First Aid to the Uninjured

A I D

B r e v itie s. T h e Deputy Commissioner No. 12 District has received notification from the War Office informing him that the

widow and child of the late Corps Superintendent Stodart have been awarded a pension and compassionate allowance at the rate fixed by Royal Warrrant, for the family of a Lieutenant killed in action. It will be remembered that Mr. Stodart was killed while on duty in the streets of Dublin during the late Sinn Fein Rebellion, and it is satis factory to know that the Government have decided to treat members of the St. John Am bulance Brigade who have died on active service as an ambulance man in a liberal

B .E .A ., of

the 30th April, 1916, should be of interest as showing the value of the ambulance training gained by members of the Brigade in peace time. “ A t least 60 per cent, of the above personnel have undergone ambulance training

peace

times, and it is indeed remarkable how the influence of this training is evidenced in the general tone of the ser vices rendered from day to day by the orderlies of the unit. T h e majority in civil life are members of the South African Railway Am bulance Corps, and when it is borne in mind that they are exclusively volunteers and not pro fessional soldiers of a regular medical corps, it is praise, worthy that they could with natural aptitude and ability at once settle down to the highly technical duties associated with the working of a General Hospital. Whatever else, it demonstrates beyond question that Government money is well spent and profitably invested on civilian education of this kind. * * T h e International R e d Cross Com m ittee at Geneva has written to all the belligerent powers, begging them to

abandon the practice of reprisals on prisoners— “ do not endeavour to exercise pressure on your enemies by the chastisement you inflict on those of their people who are at your mercy.” Lord Grey’s reply, on behalf of this country, is to say that we have discountenanced the policy of reprisals on account of its indiscrimminating and unjust operation. “ A succession of outrages has, however, been perpetrated by the orders, or with the cognisance and approval, of the German Government, of which the cum u lative effect has been to strain the temper and patience of

+ * * Mr. A. J. B r e t t , writing in the “ Journal of the Chemical, Metallurgical and Mining Society of South

the British people to the breaking point, and to create a situation of the utmost gravity.” After recounting some of these outrages, Lord Grey ends by saying that his Govern ment readily responds to the R ed Cross appeal against reprisals, “ being confident that the neutral Powers and the International Committee will recognise that the demand for reprisals grows in volume, and urgency with the recur rence of abuses, and that the surest means of avoiding reprisals is to promote the abandoment of the po.licy which inspires them.” * *

Africa,” with the object of directing attention to first aid work in mines, comes to the conclusion that there are four essentials for the successful organisation of such work :— (1)

in various parts of the country to the recent appeal for nursing members of Voluntary A id Detachments, the Hon.

T h e sympathy of the directors, who must be willing to agree to the necessary expenditure; (2) the direction and aid of a medical officer enthusiastic in the c a u s e ; (3) the active co-operation of the management, which will naturally

said it was the more wonderful when one considered the large number of women already engaged in hospitals, in munition work and on the land. “ O n e of the finest things

fashion.

be followed by that of all loyal officials ; and (4) the ser vices of an official as chief ambulance officer, who has a thorough knowledge of the practical side of the work, and is willing to devote a large part of his time outside his real working hours, to the assistance of the doctor who delivers the first aid lectures, by taking the classes through addi tional practical work, and also to the instruction and help of the various teams that get started on the mine. *** T h e following extract from the Diary of the South

S p e a k in g

of the magnificent response made by women

Arthur Stanley, M.P ., chairman of the Joint Committee,

of the war,” he said, “ is the way the members of V o l u n tary Aid Detachments have adapted themselves to any kind of work. At the beginning of the war they were regarded as people who were setting themselves up as nurses with out the requisite training, but since then the feeling was entirely changed, and they have come to be recognised as women who are willing to efface themselves and to do uncomplainingly any kind of hard wark required of them by the hospital authorities. T h e V .A .D . is probably the finest women’s organisation in the country.”

— F I R S T

5®

M r.

and

M rs. S t u a r t W a r d e ll. An A

p p r e c ia t io n

I n these eventful days, w h en e v e r y b o d y is living up to the highest

standard

o f physical

work,

it is well

that

e n d e av o u r sh o u ld be m a d e to store up as m a n y valuable exa m p les

as p o ssible

from

the

lives

o f those

who are

ra p idly disappearing from this w o r ld ’s stage in the midst o f a life o f usefulness.

As the principal organ of first aid in this country it is only right that we should take special notice of those who have been prominent as members of the St. John A m b u lance Association. A t the present time we would particu larly mention Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Wardell (K night of Grace and Lady of Grace respectively of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (of D oe H ill House, Derbyshire, who passed away, the latter on June 6th, whilst her husband followed her on July 7th of the present year. Mr. and Mrs. Wardell’s connection with the St. John Am bulance Association dates from June, 1877, and since that time no members have given more active, liberal and continuous support to it. T h e Tibshelf, Birchwood and Babbington Centre was the first colliery corps formed, and it was well known what was done by this body during the last 38 years under the leadership of Mr. Wardell as Deputy Commissioner of the District and his wife as Lady Superintendent of a Nursing Division. Their example was speedily followed in other mining districts, until now no colliery is considered complete without its ambulance corps. T h e annual inspections of the Tibshelf, Birchwood and Babbington Corps which have taken place at D oe Hill have been quite marked events in the locality ; but we must more especially mention the great and unique honour paid to these bodies when, on May 6th, 1893, they, as well as the nursing sisters under Mrs. Wardell, were graciously received and inspected by Her Majesty Queen Victoria in Windsor Great Park and afterwards entertained at dinner in the Riding School attached to the castle. It is impossible to enumerate all we could wish to within the limits allowed by the space at our disposal, but however incomplete this notice may be, we desire to call the attention of our readers to the large and useful influence which Mr. and Mrs. Wardell exercised over their immedi ate locality, which it may be added, without exaggeration, embraced Derbyshire and Nottingham. Mr. Wardell was manager of several Collieries, and he took the liveliest interest in the welfare of every man, woman and child, especially in the neighbourhood of T i b shelf and Doe Hill, and in this his wife most ably seconded him. T h e y seemed to know the names of all the miners’ families by whom they were surrounded, and they were always ready to help and encourage them as neighbours by every means in their power. N o good work was ever un dertaken there but it was generally initiated and developed by them, whether it was directly connected with the mining industry or not. T h e churches and schools owed much to their support, and for many years Mr. Wardell took part in the services by reading the Lessons every Sunday. T h e Tibshelf Colliery C lub was quite a pattern institution, the cricket and football clubs, the colliery band, excellent con certs, the annual theatrical week, in which they took part,

AID. —

September, 1916.

and in which well-known actors and actresses from London were always ready to assist and supplement the excellent local ta le n t; the annual flower show, everything that could conduce to recreation and pleasure of the large population around them was due chiefly to their wholehearted energy and active participation. There was not in the whole of the United Kingdom a larger or more beneficent influence for good than that which radiated from Doe Hill House through the amiable and generous hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Wardell. Th ey were a most devoted couple who worked together in perfect harmony throughout their married life of 44 years, sur rounded by a large and affectionate circle of friends , and in death they were not divided.

G a r d e n P a r t y a t B la c k r o c k . O n Saturday, August 12th, the Dublin Building Trades Corps, (No. 12) Irish District, had a most enjoyable outing as the guests of Henry McLaughlin, Esq., President of the Dublin Building Trades Corps and Honorary Member of the St. John Am bulance Brigade, at his residence, “ Calpe,” Blackrock' T h e afternoon was exceeding warm and sunny and on the arrival of the 3.15 train they at once adjourned to the Blackrock Open Air Sea Bathing Place, and dis ported themselves in the water, which was most refreshing as the weather conditions were ideal. It was surprising to find such swimming talent amongst . their members; some, like Mr. McLaughlin, were quite beyond the average, and they had the pleasure of having Dr- Pugin Meldon with them, an ex-champion of some few years back. T h e y then went to Mr. M cL aughlin ’s spacious grounds (about two minutes from the bathing place) and held an impromtu ambulance competition with a squad from each division of the corps competing under Dr. Pugin Meldon as judge. This was appropriately enough after the bathe a case of artificial respiration, and a very healthy rivalry was shown between the various teams, the winners only scoring a few marks over the next team. T h e corps was then entertained to tea in a right royal fashion, and afterwards Mr. McLaughlin presented them with a handsome silver challenge cup for ambulance work, to be competed for among the various divisions forming the Dublin Building Trades Corps.

On the occasion of the annual Brigade competition of the Canterbury and West Coast District of New Zealand, the Assistant Commissioner, Mr. W. W. M cK in ney, gave the members of his district some excel lent advice, which we give below :— Behind every competition, behind every bandage you practice, behind every lecture you attend, behind every occasion on which you study your “ first aid ” book, and behind every criticism of your officers— stands the sufferer, whom one day the knowledge you are now gaining is to help. Are you doing your best for him ?

September, 1916.

H in ts

— F I R S T

for

H o sp ital

must be sufficiently strong and its application suffi ciently prolonged— he has actually exposed others to risk of infection.

Orderlies.*

N. C O R B E T FLETCHER. B.A., M.B., B.C., Cantab, M.R.C.S. Author of “ A ids to F irst Aid,” “ A ids to Home Nursing,” and “ Why and Wherefore in F rst A id .”

AID. —

Testing is the verification o f correct results and should be a routine measure, because it repre sents the final step towards Thoroughness, without which Neatness, Efficiency and A ccura cy cannot be ensured. For this checking of results an Orderly depends partly on the sensations of the Patient and partly on his powers of Observation, although with out doubt the most convincing evidence is derived from a combination of these two sources, as in the following instance. Thus, when (in the treatment of Shock follow ing injury or operation) an Orderly sees the face of the patient becoming less pale, sees and hears an improvement in the strength and regulaiity of the breathing, and feels the pulse becoming stronger and more regular, then he has good reason to be lieve that the patient is recovering. Further, when the patient recovers complete consciousness and is able to announce that he fee ls warm and comfortable — then the Orderly has additional proof that he has established the reaction for which he aims in his treatment of Shock.

T ested .

(1Continued from page 34.) T horoughness

N u r sin g

D u ties.

importance of Exactness, viz, Thoroughness, on which the merit o f an Orderly's service stands or falls, is such that we may here briefly review the main factors which favour Thoroughness, while we postpone to the next Chapter their application to the various Details of Duty. In effect, these factors are Neatness, Efficiency, Accuracy and Testing— the same four factors which have been proved elsewhere (see A id s to F ir s t A id ) to govern the actual practice of First Aid, and which must be observed during the performance of Orderly Duties.

The

An O rd e rly

m ust

N E A T in h is D u t i e s .

Each act of duty, therefore, must be— N.

Neatness is the finishing touch and demon strates pride in the appearance of the completed task. It consists of trimming the results, and is the outward evidence of a well-regulated mind, which must be cultivated by constant practice. Thus, when making beds, an Orderly must invariably keep all sheets, &c., tucked well under the mattress, partly for appearance and partly from fear lest rucking of the lower sheet cause discomfort to the patient and become the first step in produc tion of a bed-sore.

N eat.

E fficie n t.

Efficiency being the power to carry out the results intended, the Orderly must in the execu tion of all duties and instructions bear in mind the Objects and Principles of Orderly Duties, on the correct application of which Efficiency depends. By so doing he will find that his interest in his work will increase concurrently with its efficiency. For example, when diet-serving he may con sider that dainty trays are useless. Efficiency, how ever, demands care in the service no less than in the preparation of the food, because such daintiness stimulates an invalid’s capricious appetite.

A ccu rate.

In the early part of this Chapter the value and importance of Accuracy have been clearly demonstrated. It now remains to see how it can be obtained in practice. Accuracy in Duties is the demonstration o f correct results and necessitates a most precise atten tion to details. It is acquired through free exerciseof the powers of Observation, directed and con. trolled by Knowledge, Commonsense, and Experience For example, if an Orderly in a case of Enteric Fever neglects to prepare a strong solution of dis infectant, or if he merely wrings the soiled linen out of strong disinfectant, then his immediate attention to the comfort and cleanliness of the patient has been of small avail, because— forgetting the Rules of Disinfection, which require that the disinfectant

* B y arrangem ent w ith M essrs. John B a le, S on s and D an ielsson , L td ., 83, G t. T itch field -street, these Papers (w hen com plete) w ill be pu blish ed as a b o o k le t, price 6d. net.

C hapter An

O rd e rly

m ust

V .— C a r e be

O rderly.

C A R E F U L o f h is h e a l t h .

In the previous Chapters it has been explained why the Ward must be W a t c h e d , and why the care of Patients demands from the Orderly T a c t in the performance of his professional duties. Further, it was pointed out that in the Orderly’s responsibilities towards his Patients there is a personal element, the leading characteristics of which are, briefly, constant Cleanliness and untiring Devotion to their welfare and prospects of recovery. T his combination, however, is difficult to obtain if the Orderly does not enjoy good health. It is, therefore, of paramount importance that the Orderly should— without sacrificing the interests o f his Patients— be C a r e f u l of his health and take all necessary precautions to this end. U nder these circumstances the Orderly is in the same predicament as the Home-Nurse, both being required for strenuous duties, and constantly exposed to disease and often to infection ; and we cannot improve on the mnemonic which figures in my A id s to Home N u rsin g and which we can easily modify to suit the special requirements of the Orderly. T h e principal points, which the Orderly must at all times remember with reference to his own health, are the follow ing:— C.

C le a n lin e s s .—

T h e need for professional Cleanliness — viz., in washing hands, in using disinfectants, in keeping all appliances scrupulously clean, & c .— has been emphasised in the preceding pages and re quires only a passing reference. I t is safer to avoid contact with anything known to be unclean than to trust to subsequent disinfection. For example, the risks of fingering septic swabs, dressings, &c., are enormous, whereas the routine use of forceps (which can be immediately sterilised by boiling) will prevent any risk of infection. T h e importance of persofial Cleanliness is as urgent to the Orderly in the maintenance of health

— F I R S T

as it is to the Patients in their recovery from sickness. T h e same precautions, therefore, must be taken with regard to body, hands, face, hair, teeth, &c. Thus, a clean body is secured either by the daily bath, (which removes surface impurities whilst it stimulates the circulation and braces the nervous system) or, when this is impossible, by special attention in the daily washing of armpit and crutch where sweat tends to accumulate. Clean under clothing— especially woollen vests, pants, & c.— must be provided at least once a week and will increase the refreshing action of the bath. Clean mouth and teeth are also matters of prime importance, and are achieved by the vigorous application of a clean tooth brush (for at least 2 minutes after each meal) and a mild antiseptic solution which may be used both as a mouth wash and as a gargle, to protect the throat from infectious germs. By this means, decay of the teeth is prevented, and complete mastication of the food— the first step in digestion — is rendered possible. Clean hands with close, well-trimmed nails (under which dirt and germs cannot collect) are maintained by frequent washing and use of antiseptics. Clean feet are of equal im portance and are attained by free lavage twice a day with soap and water, by changing the socks at least 3 times a week, and by keeping two pairs of com fortable boots in constant use and wearing them alternately. A useful precaution against tired feet — the bane of Orderlies— is to soak the feet at bed time in hot water saturated with salt, dry them well with a rough towel, and finally sponge them with methylated spirit. Then, on rising next day, the feet should be sponged with the cold salt water and again treated with methylated spirit which hardens the skin. In short, the more exact the attention paid by the Orderly to the minor details of his toilet, the better are the resultant ''ftec/s of Cleanliness on his general health. A.

T h e part played by food in the inter-action of the Vital Functions as well as in the formation and sustenance of Temperature of the body has been explained. Unless, therefore, the Appetite of the Orderly is good, he cannot thoroughly enjoy and properly digest the food set before him. In other words, Appetite controls digestion on which in its turn good Health is dependent, and with out which an Orderly Cannot secure the strength necessary for carrying out his duties efficiently. For the support of the Appetite, therefore, the choice, the preparation, and the service of food in clean and pleasant surroundings necessitate for the Orderly, as for the Patients, the same care, cleanli ness, and attention.

AID. —

A n Orderly, therefore, should take full advan tage of his off-duty time and obtain sufficient rest and sleep, if he wishes to maintain the right standard of strength and vigour. E.

A p p etite.

Rest and Sleep are both indispensable to Health, because the Vital Functions cannot carry on without periods of repose. Thus, when the body is recumbent, the heart beats less frequently and vigorously, the breathing is slower, and the nervous system is less liable to disturbance. Sleep differs from Rest in that it secures a more complete abeyance o f activity o f these organs, especially the brain; but R est— apart from its association with Sleep— is for the reasons given an essential adjunct to good Health.

R est.

September, 1916.

Regular and systematic Exercise is essen tial to Health. I t keeps the muscular system in good order, and thereby facilitates the inter-action of the Vital Functions of the body, because it brings about an increased supply of fresh air (and oxygen) and causes a greater demand for food. Thus, as the result of muscular exercise, the lungs expand and absorb more Oxygen from the air while the heart becomes stronger and the blood better aerated. Associated with these changes there is a more effective discharge of Carbonic Acid from the lungs and of.waste products in the perspiration from the skin. In consequence of this increased activity of the Vital Functions the appetite and digestion improve, so that more food must be taken to satisfy the natural desires of the body. Provided, therefore, that it is wisely chosen, regu larly taken, and invariably stops short of fatigue, Exercise will enable an Orderly to enjoy excellent Health and to perform his work with more pleasure to himself and greater satisfaction to his Officers.

E x ercise .

T h e quantity and quality of food are important in the formation of the tissues of the body and in the replacement of waste which is always going on. T h e food, therefore, requires careful consideration on account of these far-reaching effects on the Health of the Orderly who must bear in mind the special “ Points on D i e t ” tabulated at the end of th/s Chapter.

Food.

Apart from its significance as a badge of office, the Uniform and clothes require the careful attention of the Orderly for the following reasons : First, clothes— properly brushed and folded up, when not in use— will last much longer, and habits of Cleanliness, Carefulness and Economy will be thereby cultivated. Secondly, neatness of person will serve as an indication of the mental capabilities of the Orderly. Thus, the Orderly, who takes no pride in his clothes and general appearance, is likely to prove slovenly, untidy and unreliable in the transaction of his duties. Thirdly, since clothes provide a fertile source of infection, special precautions are necessary to protect them. Thus, when attending to the require ments of a patient suffering from Enteric Fever, an Orderly is wise if he first removes his coat and then turns up his shirt sleeves so that germs of infection may not be caught up in the clothes.

U n ifo rm .

Leisure signifies freedom from one's usual occupation. It does not mean “ doing nothing,” which is idleness. Since, therefore, too close an application to duty tends to dull the mind and initiative powers, the Orderly should devote a por tion of the time allotted to Rest and Exercise to some hobby or study, the choice of which will vary with the individual. If the Orderly is fatigued after severe physical work, then his Leisure should be spent in some mentral exercise— e.g., reading, music, & c .— which will give play to faculties as different as possible

L e isu re.

September, 1916.

— F I R S T

from those essential to the daily duties. I f how ever, he is exhausted by the prolonged menial strain of his work, then he is most likely to find relief either in some outdoor exercise— e.g., walking, bicyling, & c.— or in manual occupation, which will

IS IT SAFE?

A I D

A R e a l S a f e t y S p ir it S t o v e S i n c e the o u tb re ak o f hostilities vario us d e v ic e s h a v e a p peared from time to time, h a n d y little spirit stoves, e ach

No. S

EACH DAY HAS ITS PARTICULAR

CR0SS,NC the road Reconnoitre bv.w efore advan cing. g lcad vancin WHY RUNRISKSMind Hand nn( k 5 WHENYOUCANAVOID byMo^cC ' ^ ° ““ “ 't5d THEM?

CARES, BUT EVERY DAY SHOULD HAVEITS

CARES FOR

SAFETY. A motor-bus will pull into the kerb to pick you up. Amotor-bus will pull into the kerb to set you_down_

ro rm

® ,s IT SAFE?

No8-

xw ltiw tiw■iw m *! _ »X»X«X*X»X»X«X»X»X<[♦iwtxwxwxwxw *" 1 ■ J •x«X*X*X*X*X*X*X*X*X«XOX* ♦x*x*x*x*r*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*

JS IT SAfE? No 3THERE'S MANY A SLIP TWIXT THE KERB AND THE STEP

THEftES NPT HUGH UCHT NOW

USE WHAT THERE IS.

Oonot try toget onoroffa bus inmotion. Always face towards the driver. Always get off with the left foot first. Do not hold on to the bus when you have alighted in the road. Seek the kerb first and look round.

IS IT SAFEI ^

LITTLE

No. I.

♦

IffifNi I ADVICE TO CHILDREN AND THEIR PARENTS Ooo't hangoobehind carts, drays or trolleys. Don't try to ride on the step of trams or buses when the conductor Is not looking Don't run into tbe road after your ball or hoop or other plaything. Wait andsomeone will get it for you. Don't sit on the kerb. It was not meant Don't playinabusystreetbutchooseanempty i public playground. one if you are n

LOOK OUT AND BE SAFE ft* Loodoo Gcoc/tl Ooniboa C xiwij. \Natm\atUi. S W pi*x*x*=*x***:»x*x*r*x*z*i*x*x**x*x*x**s*i*x*x#x*x*x*x*x*x*x<

S om e

of the

P ress A nn o u n ce m en t s

by t h e

L o n d o n G e n e r a l O m n i b u s C o m p a n y .— S a f e t y h i r s t M o v e m e n t .

minimise his brain fag while it keeps his muscles fit— e.g., gardening, cricket, & c (T o be continued.) T h e members of the Dunedin Centre are releaving hospitals by providing attention for many patients in their own homes.

claiming some one or other distinctive advantage, and among these the “ S y m p h elite” is deserving of one of the very foremost places. T h e great feature of this stove obtains is the fact that if upset it is perfectly safe, as there is no liquid fire to spread danger, although filled with methylated spirit. T h e following other advantages are also claimed :— N o matter how long kept, it does not evaporate as it is enclosed in air-tight tins. It burns for an hour and

is renewable (indefinitely) with ordinary methylated at the cost of about a halfpenny. It can be blown out with safety and may be burned in any position and upset without the slightest danger. T h e “ Symphelite ” can be carried in the pocket or packed with food and requires no wicks. Other productions of the Symphelite Co., of Shanklin, with London offices at Craven House, Kingsway, London, W .C ., include the Patent Picnic Boiler ; the new patent Shaving S to v e ; the “ S ym p h elite” camp set, consisting of safety “ Symphelite ” spirit stove, strong water vessel and spare spirit can, &c. Passenger wrongly permitted to ride on footboard of omnibus-----

Mr. G. E. Twiss’s flag day at Southampton realised the sum of ^ 8 8 8 , the expenses were ^ 1 2 4 . Mr. Frank Rivers, Divisional Secretary and Treasurer of the Exeter Division, was the recipient of a presentation o f a marble clock from the Members of the Division on the occasion of his marriage.

— F I R S T

I m p ro v is e d By

Surgeon

and

M otor

A ctin g

A m b u la n c e s .

B O TTO M LEY,

S u p e rin te n d e n t

D iv isio n ,

B ou rn em ou th

S.J.A.B .

motor ambulances may have no place with our Arm y in France, but in the numerous towns in England which provide Hospital accommodation for soldiers, and to which “ c o t ” cases are brought, they can be of very great service. W e have in this town five motor ambulances, some of which are in daily or frequent use, but these are not sufficient to deal with a large number of cases arriving by Im p ro vised

AID.

September, 1916.

strengthened by iron brackets. It is placed on the opposite side of the van to the driver and reaches in front nearly to the wind-screen. % A celluloid and canvas screen covers in the open space at the side between the van-body and the wind-screen, and a connection is made between the top of the wind screen and the roof of the van ; in this way the patients are well protected from draught in front. T h e two cars first fitted up were Ford delivery vans. Since, in these, the framework (and therefore the stretchers) project behind, the two doors at the back of the van are, by means of an iron rod, held open in a line with the sides of the body, and a canvas curtain passes from the roof of the van over the top of these doors, then behind and finally below them to be fastened to the floor of the car. Mr. B. F. Rogers, a member of this Division, devised the fitting, and has carried about one thousand cot cases. T w o other cars of different make are in use in a similar way, but being longer do not require the open doors and curtain at the back, as described. T h e whole fitting can be easily made for £ 3 10s. 1 send this description in the hope that it may be of use to other Divisions requiring the occasional use of motor ambulances.

Queries and A nsw ers Correspondents.

Q ueries w ill be dealt w ith under the follow ing rules / .— Letters containing Queries m ust be m arked on the top lejt hana corner of

the envelope " Q u e r y ,"

an d addressed— F i r s t

A id ,

4.6, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Q ueries m ust be accompanied by a “ Q uery Coupon ” cut <rom the current issue of the Jou rn al, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue, j . — Q ueries are in v ited on F ir s t-A id , H o m e-N u rsin g a n d HomeH ygiene as these are of general interest. These w ill be answered in F i r s t A i d i f space perm its. 4 .— Queries,

accompanied by stamped

addressed envelope,

w ill be

ansivcred by post.

T h e c o n v e r sio n o f a

Ford

M otor V an

in to

The General Rules of Treatment (Cantlie, p. 41) insist on splints being used— when practicable— and must be observed in

M otor A m bulance.

train : yet if we had more they would stand idle in the garage all the time except for the few hours they were doing duty in conveying patients to the Hospitals after the arriva of the train. T o supplement the regular motor ambulances then, we have four cars which work every day as trades men’s delivery vans, but can be converted into ambulance cars in seven minutes by the device described below. T h e main difficulty to be surmounted is the shortness of the ordinary body as compared with that of a motor ambulance. I f the full length of the stretchers is behind the driver, either the wheel-base must be very long or there must be considerable “ overhang.” This difficulty has been overcome by providing for two stretchers, one above the other, the front ends coming well forward beside the The

fitting

consists

framework

A (Mexbro) asks whether splints (and which) should be applied in (a) compound fracture of femur and fractured collar-bone, and (6) fractured femur and complicated fracture of ribs. All injuries on one side.

wood

(a) A long outside and a short inside splint (p. 58) are necessary for fractured femur. The fracture being compound, the haemorrhage must be treated first and the foot must not be nulled or straightened. The injured collar-bone will not inter fere with treatment of fractured femur. Remove recumbent on (b) The same splints are required for fractured femur. The involvement of the lungs by the fractured ribs necessitates avoidance of all movements and removal on stretcher as for fractured spine (p. 45).— N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R . G F B — The answer to your Query as to how to treat a fractured’ clavicle and complicated fracture of the ribs was given in the July issue. _______________ _______ W h e n c o r r e s p o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t i s e r s p le ase m e n tio n “ F ir s t Aid

— F I R S T

Septembtr, 1916.

FIRST-AID

rODEXI

AID. —

Red Cross Equipment W e gladly extend to those Ladies who during the war are voluntarily giving their aid to the various Nursing Organisations a courteous

A BLAND & P A IN L ESS — IODIN E D R E S S I N G . —

A septic.

invitation to our special Equipment Section.

A ntisep tic.

I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

IO D E X has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u r g e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u r g e o n s , R ed C ro s s S u r g e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F r a n c a ls e ' B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F r e n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilita ry H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs ol S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

We place at their com plete disposal our unique knowledge of Nursing requirements, which will ensure that whatever they purchase will exactly conform with existing regulations

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating Free Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

I0DEX is sold in 1o z. Pots, Price

and prove satisfactory in every way.

C O M P L E TE RED CRO SS O U T F I T S A L W A Y S IN S T O C K . Make a personal call or write or 'phone fo r catalogue.

1/3.

10 D E X has b en efited th efo llo w in g a n d num erous other conditions:

Hospitals Contracts

E n la r g e d G la n d s . G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s i t i s , S y n o v it is , S c ia tic a , N e u r itis , G o u t, R h e u m a to id A rth ritis , H y d ro c e le , P a ra s itic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s , A cn e, B o ils , M u m p s , S p r a i n s , AND ALL IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S . L ite ra tu re

Nurses

General Co., Ltd.

( N u r s e s ’ E q u i p m e n t S e c t i o n ) , ( D e p t . 6).

a p p l i c a t i o n to 39, F a r r in g d o n R oad, LONDON, E.C .

Menley & James, Ltd.,

T h e “ R ed C ro s s C o a t ,” in N a v y . S to c k e d in le n g th s 4 8 m ., s o in ., 5 2 m ., 5 4 in ., 56m . A ll-W o o l S e r g e . . 39/6 W e s t o f E n g la n d S e rg e 3 8 / 6

19-35, MORTIMER ST., W. 'P h on e: M U S E U M 3140-1. A gents / o r the well-known Benduble Shoes.

R eview s. A

D IS IN F E C T A N T S ‘ SA N ITA S

F L U I D ,” the Stan dard N on-poisonous D isin fectan t W ash and S pray for S ic k R oom s, N ursing and O p era tio n s— a com bined G erm icide and O xid an t.

‘ S A N 1T A S - S Y P 0 L , ” an im proved L y s o l, for A n tisep tic Surgery.

‘ SAN ITAS

BACTOX” (H om ogen eous) D isin fe ctan t— (20 co-efficient).

Ph en oloid

‘ SAN ITA S ‘

O K O L ,” a v ery pow erful Larvtecide em ulsion w ith a d isinfectant co-efficient o f 18 to 20. S A N I T A S O IL ,” an e xcellen t rem edy for lun g and throat aflections, b y fum igation and inhalation.

* P O T E X ,” for R heum atism and L u m b ago. ‘ K A Y T O R ,” for H a y F e v e r and Pruritus. ‘ P E R O X ID E OF HYDROGEN”

(K in gze tt’s

Preserved qu ality). — a lso —

‘ S A N I T A S S U L P H U R F U M IG A T IN G C A N D L E S ” (K in g z e tt’ s Patents).

‘ SAN ITA S

F O R M IG A T O R S ,”

for

F u m igation

with

F orm ald eh yde.

F lu id s, P o w d ers, S o a p s an d P o lish es, &e.

The

“ SANITAS”

Locksley

St.,

LIMEHOUSE,

CO.,

Ltd.,

LONDON,

CO M PEN D IU M OF AID S TO F IR ST By N. Corbet Fletcher, M.B., M.R.C.S. 3rd Edition. London : Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd. Price 6d. net.

AID .

The third edition of Aids to First Aid has undergone con siderable revision, it now being systematically arranged under mishaps— i.e., maims, insensibility, scalds and local injuries, haemorrhage and wounds, asphyxia, poisoning, syncope, shock, collapse and transport. This last chapter is entirely new, and in its present form the book embraces the whole range of first aid tabulated, and with the help of mnemonics it presents a valuable adjuncts to the text book, and should be in the hands of all those who are desirous of keeping their memory refreshed on the subject of first aid. A

SHORT

C O U R S E ON F I R S T A I D IN AC C ID E N TS. By Lieut.-Col. Sir John Collie, M.D., and Major C. F. Wightman, F.R.C.S. London : G. Gill & Sons, Ltd. Prtce jd . net. It was the wise man who said “ O f the making of many books there is no end,” and his dictum is specially true of manuals of first aid. The book before us is a modification of the student’s edition of “ First Aid in Accidents ” by the same authors. Its scope is confined to essentials, and it is well illustrated. Having in view the price at which it is published it is a valuable little manual.

— F I R S T

H A M M E R ’S

LIF E-SA V IN G

AID.

September, 1916.

LECTURE.

Special Souvenir Programme. This little brochure gives the details of Mr Hammer’s lectures, together with a lot of useful information on first aid and other subjects. Mr. Hammer’s lectures have gained great popularity, as is indicated by the number of places he has visited during the last season. His style is quite novel, and is the means of stimulating an interest in ambulance work. The Souvenir Programme can be obtained from the author at 205, Doncaster-road, Goldthorpe, near Rotherham ; price 3d.

MENTAL

N U R SIN G .

By W. H. B. Stoddart, M.D., F.R.C.S. London : The Scientic Press, Ltd. Prtie 2s. 6d. net.

This book is intended to give to a prospective mental nurse some idea of the work he or she contemplates, and to furnish those actually engaged in mental nursing with a prac tical guide in the nursing and management of the insane. In the world of mental nursing there are almost as many male as female nurses, but it is surprising that those who are desirous of taking to nursing as a career usually prefer to take general to mental nursing. This is due more or less to the popular notion that a patient suffering from mental disease is a criminal and an asylum is a prison, and the nurses are somewhat of the nature of gaolers. These popular notions are the very antithesis of the truth, for an asylum is not unlike a general hospital, and as a career a mental nurse has a much better prospect. The remuneration is greater, both during the period of training and in private work, and it is more healthy work: more time is spent in the open air on duty, and as a rule there is more time off duty. This book is a practical guide in the nursing and manage ment of the insane, without entering into academic details respecting the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, and we think it will supply a want.

HORLICK’S M ALTED

!§ §5

’- p H E havoc A w o r r y and

w rought by strain s h o w s

itse lf in all

p r e v a le n t

C o n ta in s a ll th e fo o d v a lu e o f p u r e fu ll-c re a m m ilk e n ric h e d a n d m o d ifie d w ith th e s o lu b le n u tr itiv e e x tr a c ts o f c h o ic e m a lte d c e re a ls . T h e r a tio o f p r o te in to c a rb o h y d r a te a n d its p e rf e c t d ig e s tib ility c o m m e n d th is food a s a r e lia b le r e c o n s tru c tiv e w h ic h m a y b e g iv e n f re e ly in s e p tic c o n d itio n s a n d s u rg ic a l c a se s.

R E Q U R IE 8 N O C O O K IN G .

L ib era l Sam ples J o r tr ia l w ill be sent to the Profession P o st Free on application.

H o r l i c k ’s M a l t e d M ilk Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

too

in-

so m n ia , d e b il it y , in l a c k o f p o w e r to c o n c e n t r a t e , n e r v e s h a k in e ss, p h y s i c a l an d m en tal ^

“ u n e a s in e s s .”

j f f '-

Hall’s Wine makes good the extra drain upon your strength, builds up your reserves of vital force, so tides you over these days of grave anxiety. “ Where vitality is low,” says a doctor, “ or where nerves are shattered, Hall’s Wine is invaluable,” and the truth of his statement is being proved daily.

S fe

MILK

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S IN G .

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

H all’s W ine ‘tides you over’

READ

SN ^ yV

TH IS!

“ I was in a serious state of nerves and weakness, my case seemed hopeless. After one wineglassful of Hall’s Wine I felt my strength returning, and am now fit enough to return to work. (Letter on file).

iHidbWne The Tonic Restorative

G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b o ttle o f H a l l s W in e to -d a y . I f , a f te r ta k i n g h a lf o f it, y o u fee l n o r e a l b e n e fit, r e t u r n u s th e h a lf - e m p ty b o t tl e , a n d w e r e f u n d o u t la y .

L a rge size, 3I9. 1U .

X/Jatfrld

c 't t t p i t f n

O f W ine M erchants, etc. SM IT H

& CO.,

LTD.

— F I R S T

September, 1916.

IR O N

and W O O D E N AND TH E SYSTEM

M U N IT IO N

A I D . —

H O S P IT A L

’

B U ILD IN G S

N E W P A T E N T B R IC K W O R K OF C O N S TR U C T IO N FOR

FA C T O R IES

and D O C K

S H ED S .

Sailors’ and Soldiers’

MOBILE PANEL HUTS

HOSPITALS

on View, as supplied from Stock to the

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY & ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. B u i ld i n g s shipped complete from our W o r k s on the T h a m e s , S ta n d a rd S izes, S tock ed in S ec tio n al

P a n e ls .

S im p le

M AY

HUMPHREYS

LTD.,

C o n stru c tio n

to erect A b r o a d

IN S P E C T E D

D A IL Y

b y o r d in a ry

labour.

KNICHTSBRIDCE,

LONDON,

S.W.

(Contractors to the A d m i r a l t y , W a r O f f i c e , A u s t r a l i a n and C a n a d i a n G o v ern m en ts).

BRITISH

RED HTHE

CROSS A u tu m n

H ats,

N avy

SOCIETY. B lu e

F e lt

s i z e s l, 2, 3, are n o w r e a d y .

HATTERS

5 s. 9d .

10s. 9 d .,

an d

new

s h a p e ) , in

I h e y are m a d e at o u r o w n

F a c t o r y , are lig h t a n d o f g o o d q u a l i t y are

(the

and valu e.

w ith

6d.

Q uarterm asters

and

extra

The for

p r ic e s

Box

and

Postage.

H *M.THE ^ITSG

For

C o m m an d an ts,

p re pared Price

H at

better

q u ality

w ith

O fficers

superior

have

trim m in g s.

10s. 9d .

T h e o r d i n a r y r a n k a n d file w e a r th e n a v y b a n d ed ged g r e y , a n d for C o m m a n d a n t s a n d o th e r O f f i c e r s the b a n d s are n a v y b lu e ed ged w i t h red. b y post.

S e p a r a t e b a n d s are s u p p l ie d at

M em bers' B ad ges

Is.

T h e S t r a w H a t s are a l w a y s k e p t r e a d y , W e a l s o s u p p l y th e W i n t e r H a t s B rigade,

5 s. 9d .

and

C ash

10s. 9 d .,

re tu r n e d

Is. 3d .

each

each.

5 s. 6d .

an d

fo r th e S t . J o h n w ith

not

6d .

10s. 6d .

A m b u la n ce

e x t r a for P o s t a g e .

ap p ro v ed .

S C O T T S , 1, O LD BOND S T R E E T , P IC C A D ILLY , W.

— F I R S T

Aids to Memory for ‘ First A id1 Students. By L. M.

M .B ., C .M . E d i n . A u t h o r (join tly w ith IV .R .E .) o f “ P r o b le m s in F i r s t A i d ,” S t. J o h n A m b A sso c. F r a n k

C h r is t ia n ,

S e v e n t h E d itio n n o w r e a d y .

Revised to d ate (Sept. 1915.)

N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r f e a r h e w ill g o r u s t y i f h e w ill ta k e a n o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f th e m e n ta l m ix tu r e c o n ta in e d w ith in th e c o v e rs o f th is s p le n d id b o o k . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e tte r u til is a ti o n o f s p a c e , a b e tte r t r e a tis e o n th is s u b je c t c o u ld n o t b e w r itte n . . . th e b o o k fo r a ll, w h e th e r o ld h a n d s o r s tu d e n t s .” “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a rv o ’ o f th e g r e a t e s t v a lu e .” P r ic e : I n C lo th , 6 a . n e t— b y p o s t jd. I n L e a th e r , 2s. n e t — b y p o s t 2s. 2d. S to c k p o rt

:C o n n e ll &

B a ile y , L t d ., “ E x p r e s s ” O f f ic e , S t.

a n d The St. John Ambulance Association,

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M r . H a NiMER wishes to thank Doctors, Ambulance Workers and others, who have so kindly assisted him in the organising of last season’s tours. Their willing help has enabled him to visit 150 towns, and the tours have included England, Ireland and Wales. Next season’s fixtures are now being arranged, and intend ing applicants for the Lecture should apply early, for tbe vacant dates are limited. (No. 6 District September).

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MURBY

September, 1916

I R S

S t . J o h n 's G a t e , L o n d o n .

Dr. F in n y’s First Aid.

THOMAS

A I D . —

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P ric e 6d . n e t.

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po st fre e 7d.

FIRST

S id n e y

AID H.

SIMPLIFIED.

Lam b.

A H an d b ook in a tabulated and sim plified form giv in g the m ain points 01 first aid, so arranged as to im press them on the m em ory o f the student.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO.. Ltd.. 46, Cannon St. LONDON, E.C. MAKE YOUR OWN L EM O N A D E ^ A lone, cool drink mad* instantly witk

G LA S S LEMONI a n d plain o r a e ra ta d w ater.

NO ADDED SUGAR NECESSARY.

W a tfr id

“ FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. S e p te m b e r,

1916 .

P r in te d a n d P u b lish ed by M essrs. D a l b . R b y - n o l d s & C o .. L td ., 46, C arm en S t. L o n d o n , E .C ., to wnom all com m unications shonld be ad d ressed .

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 268.— V o l . XXIII. To

[ N ew S e r i e s .]

Our

-----

GAZETTE.

DALE.

O C T O B E R , 1916. {E n tirid at s ta tio n in ' H a m

PRICE TWOPENCE [ 2/6 P e r

A nnum ,

P o st

F r e e

important matter is the future of these voluntary nurses.

Readers.

Surgeons and doctors who have had Y . A . D . “ First Aid ” Is published on the 20th ol every month.

members

working under them in military hospitals, make no secret

of their desire to employ them after the war.

46, Can n on S treet, L o nd on , E .C .

resent having to start on a three years’ training after having

A ll articles and reports m ust be accom panied b y the nam e and address o f the w riter, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot

T h e y are

very good material, yet it is clear that most of them will done a year or more in a military hospital.

It is suggested

that the civil hospitals should allow probationers, who have

the E ditor.

served in military hospitals, to count part of their time in

S u bscription s, A d vertisem en ts and other business com m unications connected w ith F irst A id should be addressed to the Publishers,

these hospitals towards a general training.

DALE,

REYN OLDS

C O .,

L td .,

46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L

Th is would be

a great inducement to women to begin training as war nurses.”

ondon,

E .C .

T h e committee which was recently appointed by the Secretary of State for War to consider the existing system

E D

I T O

of obtaining nurses for the Military and Auxiliary Hospitals

R I A L .

will no doubt seriously consider this proposal, as by doing so it will attract to war nursing a large body of women who The

The V . A . D . ’s by

work which has been accomplished the

members

the

W om en ’s

the

sick and

and th e

V . A . D . ’s, in caring for

Nursing

wounded during the past two years, is a

Profession.

notable achievement which both organ isers and workers alike will be able to

point with pride in after years.

Many thousands of these

women have been working under strenuous conditions during this long period in auxiliary and base hospitals doing the routine and identical work of the probationers, in fact, although they have been called upon to do work which was not according to the original scheme of voluntary aid, they have entirely justified their existence and have received unstinted praise from all quarters.

Many of these women

after the war will be anxious to remain in the ranks of the nursing profession, and the question arises whether they will have to go through a three years’ training after their

will take up nursing as a profession and at the same time be an act of justice to those who have been serving in War Hospitals since the commencement of the war, and who desire to continue it as a career. T h e professional nurse will, no doubt, look askance at such a proposal as this, but the war has wrought great changes in this as in other professions.

W e realise it is

not desirable to lower the standard of training or to hinder the progressive developments in the system of training for nurses which has taken place of recent years, and we do not think this proposal will in any way do so, providing that the members of the V .A .D s . who have worked con tinuously for two years in an Auxiliary Military Hospital, with no less than six hours duty per day count these two years towards their training as trained nurses, undergoing a period of special training to make up for the three years of the probationary period.

present experience in order to qualify. The Times, in a leading article on the subject, says :— “ T hese new recruits have not receieed the full three years’ training,

which

considered

essential

the

great

hospitals, and therefore, in some areas, friction has arisen between them and the fplly qualified nurses.

This was

inevitable, but it has produced a situation of some delicacy, and has to a certain extent curtailed the supply.

A more

T h e Printers Medical A id Association commenced their First Aid Session on the 17th inst., for females, and the 18th inst. for males, at 83-85, Farringdon-street, E .C. T h e y are also prepared to form classes for night workeis during the afternoon should a sufficiency of names come to hand. Communications should be addressed to the Secre tary, Arthur O ’Connor, 68, Fleet-street, E.C.

— F I R S T

o<'NM-£'Jj f *

|Sl ^

tThe Grand friorg of the Grder ^ 0SP'*a'°f Jerusalem in Sngland.

“

AM BULANCE

3tie S t. No. . District. D e p u t y C om m ission er :

Jo h n

D EPA R TM EN T.

.Ambulance B rigade.

DISTRICT-

ORDERS.

------

W IN N Y.

SU N D A Y DUTY. St. Paul’s Cathedral. As usual, as per special notice’ 2.30 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. RE CO RD OF S PE C IA L SERVICES. The blank forms for this Record should now be in the hands of Officers and m/c Divisions. It is hoped that every Division will take care to send in, without delay, a full a return as possible. This form is designed principally in the interests of members of the Division, as a check on the H.Q. Records and to ensure that the nature of every member’s services is recorded and that any change in the number of those available for air raid work may be noted and the list brought up-to-date. It will also enable both Officers and Headquarters to ascertain how many members would likely to be available for any extra work which the District might be asked to undertake. Further, by combining on one form a record of all the various activities of members, it is hoped to diminish the number of returns which Divisions might be asked to furnish later on. The Deputy Commissioner hopes members will loyally endeavour to give the fullest information possible on these sheets. RE CO G N ITIO N

BY TR IB U N A L S OF MEMBERS O F T H E S.J.A.B. Men, when exempted by Tribunals, are frequently required to join some movement doing work of National importance, It was felt that members, who are already registered for Air Raid Duty as members of the Brigade, are doing such work, and the following letter has been received in reply to an application that the work done by members of the Brigade should receive due recognition :— L ocal G overnm ent Board .

I am desired by the President of the Local Govern ment Board to refer to your letter of the 1st insl., and to inform you that he has been in communication with the War Office on this subject. Mr. Long considers that, unless there are special reasons to the contrary, the fact that a member of St. John Ambulance Brigade is registered for Air Raid Duty might reasonably be accepted as an alternative to joining the Volunteer Training Corps, or similar condition attached to a certificate of exemption. It must be clearly understood that a Tribunal would not be justified in doing so because a man was a member, or was prepared to become a member. There must be adequate reason for exemption on other grounds, and the provision that a man must continue to be registered is only supplementary. The War Office concur with these views. (.Signed) T. G ib b o n , for Assistant Secretary. October 12th, 1916. OUR D AY. The Chief Commissioner has given permission for members of the Brigade (all ranks) to wear uniform on “ Our Day,” October 19th, 1916. W A R C H A R I T I E S AC T. The Divisions of the Brigade are not liable to be registered under this Act. The St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments, however, being financially independent, are required to register locally under the Act before they can make any public appeal for funds. Brigade “ Divisions” should not be confused with

AID. —

October, 1916.

Brigade “ Voluntary Aid Detachments,” and Divisional funds are not available for purely V.A.D. work. Brigade Divisions, which are also Voluntary Aid Detachments, when mobilised as V .A.D .’s, are a Reserve, and no longer under Brigade control, and money collected by them to carry on their work as V.A.D .’s must be kept in a separate account from Divisional funds, being then subject to the conditions of the Act, which Divisional funds are not. R.N.A.S.B.R. Superintendents are invited to submit the names of men who have been passed by the Military Medical Boards as unfit for General Service. Men who have been passed into classes B and C, only, will be considered, but preference will be given to those of Class B2. Those accepted by the Amiralty will be given a certificate of enrolment in the Reserve. Enrolled members will be liable for service when called upon, and will be summoned when required by the Director-General of the Medical Department of the Navy, through the Chief Commis sioner. (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

No. 44 ( W e s t L o n d o n ) D i v i s i o n .— O n Sunday, Septem ber 17th, the members of this division held the last of a series of route marches and field days which have been held monthly during the summer.

The division, with Ambulance Officer E. Dalston in charge, assembled at Ealing Broadway at 9 a.m., and after despatching a motor wagon containing a marquee, equipment and something substantial to satisfy the craving of the inner man, accompanied by a guard of three members on motor cycles to watch over the good things, the members entrained for Denham, marching from there to Gerrard’s Cross, which was reached about 11.15. After a rest of fifteen minutes, com pany drill was practised until a little after 12 o’clock, when the members dispersed for dinner. After dinner, practical work, stretcher and wagon drill occupied the time until the arrival of Acting Corps Supt. C. Statham, accompanied by Mrs. Statham, who had kindly con sented to present labels, medallions, etc. Practice in rescuing patients from an imaginary poison gas zone was then carried out. The members were then drawn up and inspected by Acting Corps Supt. Statham, who also took the salute in a march past both in company column and column of fours, which took place after the inspection. The company was then drawn up to form three sides of a hollow square, and Mrs. Statham presented the awards, after which Mr. Statham addressed the company in a few wellchosen words. A well-earned tea, which had been provided by the officer, N.C.O.’s and members, was then partaken of, the members being joined by their wives and lady friends, and a detachment of the Womens Volunteer Reserve, who are going through a course of first aid instruction and had been invited down for this occasion. The value of these outings in bringing members together, sharpening them up in drill and practical work, amply repays those concerned for the trouble of arranging and obtaining permission to use the ground, etc. The thanks of the Division are due to Messrs. D. Napier and Son, Ltd., for the use of the motor wagon on this occasion. No. 3 District. T a m w o r t h D i v i s i o n . — The first annual meeting of this Division was held at the Town Hall on October 12th. The Secretary’s report showed a most satisfactory year’s working, and that the Division had made splendid progress in all respects. The balance-sheet sheet showed receipt of over ^92 and a balance in hand of over ,£13. There were now twentyfive members now in uniform and fully equipped. The

October, 1916.

— F I R S T

Division is also complete with 1 St. St. John litter; 3 stretchers; 1 surgical box ; 3 surgical haversacks, and a large quantity of first aid material Over 140 public duties have been performed and first aid rendered to over 240 cases. The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks to Divisional Surgeon and Supt. Dr. McColl and Lieut, and Quartermaster A. W. Journet, R.A.M.C , H.H.R., for the interest taken in the Division. Dr. McColl, in response, complemented the Secretary upon his work, and spoke of his great satisfaction upon the progress made. Lieut, and Quartermaster Journet, R.A.M.C., H.H.R., in thanking the members for their appreciation of his efforts, stated that the best and most satisfactory way of showing this was for them to act up to the Secretary’s report and see that each one did his share towards the efficiency of the Division, for both his and the Surgeon’s efforts would be useless without the support of every individual. N e t h k r t o n . — W e reproduce below a portait of Pte. Hepwood, of the Worcestershire Regiment, who has recently

been awarded the Military Cross. Before the war Pte. Hepwood was a member of the Netherton Division, and he received the award for rendering first aid under fire.

AID. —

P r o fe s sio n a l

P te.

A. d e

E tiq u e tte — A Sketch . JONES,

D iv isio n ,

No.

London

7 (T oynbee

H all)

S J .A .B .

A l i t t l e boy in a sailor suit is running after a hoop. I he pavement is wet from a recent shower, and slipping on a greasy piece of banana skin he falls with his head on the kerb. A passing workman picks him up. “ Hurt yourself, T o m m y ,” he says. T h e boy cries and rubs his forehead, which is covered with mud. A s he takes away his hand it bears a red patch, at the sight of which he howls louder than ever.. A little crowd gathers round and looks at him with curiosity. A s an old woman is wiping his face a very demunitive boy scout comes hurrying up. H e looks very grave and quickly worms his way through the crowd and reaches the crying child. H e examines very carefully and conscientiously a small cut on the child ’s forehead and makes a request for a basin of water. A girl brings this from a neighbouring shop, and he washes the cut and applies a piece of lint, which he fastens with a strip of plaster. H e extracts these articles from a small cigarette tin lined with tissue paper and denuded of its ordinary con tents. T h e child’s mother, who has now come up, has been breathlessly watching the operator, and at the conclusion of his work evinces a strong tendency to kiss the potential surgeon, but realising evidently her intention, he quietly executes a strategic movement to the rear after making a slight salute to her, and then promptly vanishes. T h e crowd disperses and a tall young man turns to his companion, who has been watching the scene with a quizzical expression in his keen grey eyes. “ Well, doctor,” he says, “ so you didn’t think it worth while to interfere.” “ Oh. no,” replied the man addressed, “ It was a very superficial cut and the lad was treating it properly, besides, he might have prefered to treat the case singlehanded.” “ I see,” said his companion, as they walked away, “ a case of professional etiquette, E h ? ”

T h e W o r k of t h e V . A . D ’s. S ir

A lfred

K e o g h ’s A p p r e c i a t i o n .

No. 4 District. W a r r i n g t o n . — With great regret we record the death of Dr. J. Adams, who passed away at Blackpool on September 15th. Dr. Adams was for many years hon. surgeon of the Warrington Division, and he was instrumental in commencing first aid lectures at the various local works. He had several classes each year, and the Ladies’ Nursing Division is mainly the outcome of his labours. Four years ago headquarters recognised his services by conferring upon him the distinction of an Honorary Associate of the Order of St. John.

No. 6 District. Lady Perrott, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, visited Newcastle-on-Tyne last month to inspect the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade. In the course of her remarks, at the conclusion of her inspection, she said that the District had supplied more members to Military Hospitals than any other District in England. W h e n c o r r e s p o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t i s e r s p le ase m ention “ F ir s t Aid ”

Mr. A. W. F a i r e , the County Director of the V .A .D s . of the Leicestershire Territorial Association, has received the following letter from Sir Alfred Keogh, the Director-General of Medical Services :— War Office, Sept. 22nd, 1916. Dear Mr. Faire,— I was very interested in the account you gave me the other day of the work of the transport personnel at Leicester. It is a splendid record, and to my mind constitutes a splendid example of patriotism. T o go on, month after month, without asking for a word of com mendation or approval, day or night, and rather to feel themselves honoured by rendering these services to the wounded, is a most touching proof of national devotion. I want you to let me say to you how deeply grateful I am to you for your work on our behalf, and if you should ever get the opportunity, I should regard it as a privilege to be allowed, through you, to thank the men of your transport branch and the women of the V .A .D s. for their splendid work.— Yours sincerely, (Signed) A lfre d Keogh.

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOH N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

October, 1916

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. The

M ech an ics By

W ILLIA M

of R.

C ircu lation . EDW ARDS.

I n animal life, more particularly in its higher forms, there is a constant building up of tissues, which is necessary to mature th^m and to make good their depletion caused in providing the energy, whether heat or power, essential to carry on the physical and mental activities of the b o d y ; moreover, the spent tissues must be removed. These services are rendered to the tissues through the agency of the blood which reaches them through the porous walls of minute vessels called capillaries and gives to them oxygen and nourishment which it has previously collected, receiving in exchange waste products for expulsion from the body. H uman blood consists of an immense number of solid particles— called respectively red and white corpuscles— floating in a pale transparent fluid known as plasma. T h e corpuscles and the plasma are about equal in bulk to each other. T h e fluid is about 2 f per cent., the corpuscles about 9 per cent, and the blood, as a whole, about 6 per cent, heavier than water. T h e red corpuscles are much more numerous than the white ones, but the proportion of one kind to the other varies greatly according to age and other conditions. A general average is one white corpuscle to about 500 red ones. T h e colour of blood is due to the red corpuscles which are dark purple when empty of oxygen, and bright scarlet when filled with the oxygen which they collect in the lungs and distribute to the tissues. This change of colour is due to-the shape of the corpuscles, which when full of oxygen have their surfaces rounded outwards (bi convex), and when empty have them rounded inwards

r„ > ± ©

. 1.— B

lood

o r pu scles

r, Single red blood corpuscles, empty of oxygen, shown on the flat and on edge ; ri, red blood corpuscles run into rouleaux; a, b, c, d and e, different forms of white blood corpuscles. (bi-concave). In the former case more light is reflected than in the latter. T h e white corpuscles are the large r; placed side by side about 2,500 would extend an inch, while to reach as far the number of red ones, which are coin-shaped, would be over 3,000 if they were placed edge to edge, and about 12,000 if standing on edge with their

flat surfaces touching each other. It has been estimated that there are eighty thousand million (80,000,000,000) red corpuscles in every cubic inch of blood and that in a man weighing 13 stone there are enough if spread out in one layer to cover three-quarters of an acre. T h e quantity of blood in the body is obviously difficult to ascertain with any degree of certainty. Numerous experiments have been made with a view to determine it, with widely different results— in fact, it has R .J.V .

. 2 .— T

e a r t an d

LJV

, G reat B L ungs.

lood

essels

C,C, carotid arteries ; T, trachea (wind pipe) ; RJV and LJV, right and left jugular veins ; SC, SC, right and left subclavias veins and arteries ; B, B, bronchi ; PV, PV, pulmonary veins ; RL, LL, right and left lungs; VS, superior vena cava; Ao, aorta ; RA, right auricle ; PA, pulmonary artery ; RV, right ventricle ; VI, inferior vena cava ; LV, left ventricle. been estimated to be as much as a tenth of the body weight and as little as a thirtieth. It would, therefore, be unwise to make a more definite statement than that the quantity of blood in an adult of average weight may be roughly estimated at about a gallon (160 fluid ounces). This estimate is more probably too high than too low. T h e proportion of blood to weight is less in a fat person than in one with a good muscular development. What is, perhaps, more important is that a man cannot lose more than about a quart (40 ounces) of blood without dying. Almost all the tissues are visited by blood (exceptions being the tendons, cartilages, cornea of the eyes, nails, hair and the outer layer of the skin) which arrives in the capillaries through vessels known as arteries and leaves them by other vessels known as veins. T h e ceaseless circulation of blood through these vessels, though regulated and modified by the vessels themselves, by the action of muscles in their neighbour hood and by the alternate expansion and contraction of the cavity of the chest caused by breathing— is due to the action of the heart— action largely automatic, but obedient to the commands of nerve centres in the head and spinal cord, given independently of the will. A heart consists essentially of a chamber capable of

October, 1916

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expansion and endowed with power of contraction, so that it may in turn receive and propel the blood flowing into it, and also it must be provided with means to ensure that propulsion be in the right direction. As a very important, and perhaps essential, adjunct a collecting chamber is pro vided in the case of all animals possessed of more than a rudimentary blood circulating apparatus. T h e propelling SVC

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ig h t

e a r t

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to the tissues in all parts of the body (systemic circulation). Sufficient heat is thus promoted to make these animals warm-blooded. Differing more or less in detail only from the hearts of other warm-blooded animals, the human heart is a hollow muscular organ situate in the chest between the lungs with the greater part of its bulk to the left of the middle line of the body. It has a broad end, the base, directed upwards and backwards, and a pointed end, the apex, directed downwards, forwards, and to the left, and it is enclosed in a loosely fitting sheath called the pericardium, which is attached to the upper surface of the diaphragm. Its size is about the same as that of the closed fist. It is divided into right and left sides by a partition so that there is no direct communication between them — in fact, the division is so complete that each side may almost be looked upon as a distinct heart. T h e right and left sides are concerned respectively with the circulation of impure (venous) and pure (arterial) blood, and each is provided with an auricle and a ventricle endowed with the power of expansion and contraction. T h e right auricle receives blood from two veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, which bring it from the head and body, and from the coronary sinus through which the blood returning from nourishing the heart muscle enters. From the auricle blood passes into the right ventricle, which, in turn, forces the blood into the pulmonary artery through an orifice placed at the top of the ventricle. T h is artery very soon divides and carries the blood to the capillaries of the right and left lungs, whence it is brought by the pulmonary

ok a

RA, right auricle; RV, right ventricle ; SVC, superior vena cava; IVC, inferior vena cava— a bristle is shown pass ing through each of these ; PA, pulmonary artery ; sv, one of the three pockets of the semilunar valve guarding the artery ; b, a bristle passed into the coronary sinus ; tv, tv, two flaps of the tricuspid valve, tendinous cords are shown attaching these cords to a projection (PP) from the wall of the ventricle, and the ring from which the flaps descend is shown marked 2 and with a bristle passed through it ; 1 and 3 show the walls of the ventricle and the auricle respectively ; 4 shows fat. chamber is called a ventricle and the receiving chamber an auricle. Fishes are provided with a single heart, that is one ventricle and one auricle, and all the blood passing through it is impure. This blood is first passed into the gills (which do duty for lungs) for purification and to take up oxygen from the surrounding water, and it then enters the aorta to be taken to the capillaries of the various organs and parts of the body. From these capillaries it is collected by veins to be returned to the heart. It is but imperfectly aerated in the gills and therefore does not obtain sufficient oxygen to promote much heat, with the result that fishes are cold-blooded. Frogs and other amphibians have two auricles for the reception, respectively, of pure and impure blood, but both empty themselves into a common ventricle. In reptiles a further forward step is taken, and, especially in the crocodile, a near approach to the true double heart is attained. T h e blood of reptiles, however, is not to be classed as warm. In mammals and birds the perfect double heart is found. One half of it drives impoverished blood through the lungs, where it is thoroughly aerated (pulmonary cir culation) while the other drives blood enriched by oxygen

. 4 .— S

e c t io n

th e

eart

seen

from

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A O and PA, heart side of the valves of the aorta an pulmonary artery respectively, closed ; RA V , ventricle side of tricupid valve between the right auricle and ventricle, open ; tvi, tv2, tv3, the cusps with the tendinous cords holding them down, three strings are shown instead of the projections to which these cords are actually attached ; L A V , ventricle side of the mitral valve between the left auricle and ventricle, open ; mvl, mv2,the two cusps of the valve with their tendinous cords. veins to the left auricle. From here it is passed on to the left ventricle and thence by an exit at the top of that chamber to the great artery of the body, the aorta, through the branches of which it is distributed to capillaries in all parts of the body, from which after doing its work it is collected by veins to be brought back to the right auricle. T here are thus two circulations, the pulmonary, in which venous blood is forced from the right side of the heart to

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the lungs, where it becomes arterial in character, and thence to the left side of the heart where the systemic circulation begins and the blood is forced to practically all parts of the body to return as venous blood to the right side of the heart. 1 he backward flow of the blood through the heart is prevented as follows. T h e great veins entering the auricles are not provided with valves, but they are lessened in size as the auricles contract, and the pressure in the veins is sufficient to check backward flow, though not entirely to stop it, and at every contraction of the auricles pulsation is set up in the large veins near the heart. This does not matter, as the size of the veins is sufficient to accommodate the small extra amount of blood. In the case of the coronary sinus, however, which is small in proportion to the other veins entering the auricles, semi-lunar valves (see below) are provided, as any backward flow into the blood-

F ig . 5 . — S e c t i o n o f t h e H e a r t s e e n f r o m a i s o v e . Ao, PA, artery side of the semilunar valves, closed ; LAV , auricle side of mitral valve, closed, with its cusps mvi and mv2; RA V , auricle side of tricuspid .valve, closed, with its cusps tvi, tv2 and tv3 ; b, bristle passed into the coronary sinus. vessels of the heart muscle would be serious. T h e opening between the right auricle and right ventricle is guarded by a tricuspid valve consisting of three fibrous and elastic flaps or cusps directed downwards from the entire circumference of a ring round the opening ; these flaps come together when pressed upon by the blood in the ventricle during the contraction of that chamber, and would collapse upwards were it not that they are held back from so doing by tendi nous cords attached to projections from the walls of the ventricle. A study of the position and arrangement of these tendinous cords is most interesting as it reveals the provision made for ensuring that the cusps when pressed upon from below come together instead of opening wider. T h e ring from which the cusps descend contracts as the valve closes, thus causing the edges of the cusps to over lap, thereby forming a blood-tight valve. T h e correspond ing opening on the left side of the heart is guarded by a similar valve, but instead of three flaps it has only two, and is, therefore, described as “ bicu sp id ” or “ mitral,” the latter name being suegested from the resemblance of the valve to a mitre. A t the orifices, leading respectively to the pulmonary artery and the aorta, are three “ semi lu n a r” valves, each of which consists of a membrane shaped like a half moon with the whole of its convex edge attached to one-third of the circumference of the orifice so as to form a pouch with its opening facing the way the

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

October, 1916.

blood flows. T o close the orifice the free edges of the membranes meet each other and are prevented from going too far by the attachment of the convex edges, When the orifice is open these membranes rest against the artery wall. {To be continued).

V .A .D .

News.

[ The fo llo w in g notes are k in d ly supplied a n d edited by V .A .D . H eadquarters D epartm ent op the / o in l V .A .D . Committee an d •will appear m onthly under the above heading. — E d i t o r .

Bar of Recognition recently granted to members of Voluntary Aid Detachments who have served for thirteen consecutive months in a Military Hospital may now be given to members of Detachments who have served for thirteen consecutive months in Auxiliary Hospitals. Members who are only able to give half-time service may obtain the bar when they have served the equivalent of thirteen months, i.e., at the end of twenty-six months, always provided that the service has been consecutive. Applications for the Bar in the case of women should be made by the County Director to the Secretary of the Wom en’s Uniform Department, Devonshire House. T h e Bars cost one shilling per dozen, postage extra, and the members pay for their own. A statement giving the time served and the name of the Hospital should accompany each application. ** * T h e Uniform Certificate should not be given to Special Service Probationers until they have served their month’s probation and signed the contract for six months’ service. During their month’s probation they are not required to wear any uniform except the regulation cap and apron. Under no circumstances must they wear out-door uniform until they have signed a contract. * * * A motor school has been started in connection with the V .A .D . D ep artm en ta l Devonshire House. All mem bers volunteering for service abroad as motor drivers must attend the school until considered proficient in ambulance driving. T h e y will go up for their final test to 83, PallMall. Instruction at the school is free. First aid classes will be given to members attending the school, the fee for such course being 6s. Stretcher drill is also given. Members are invited to apply at Devonshire House for full informa tion. T h f.

*** T n e following rules and recommendations are hence forth to be added to the “ Instructions to V .A .D . members,” issued in the “ Terms of S ervic e” :— “ V .A .D . members must not smoke except in their own quarters when off duty. T h e y are strongly urged to abstain from dosing themselves with drugs in tablet or other forms and should not recommend their use to others. T h e y can generally secure good medical advice for themselves when it is needed. It is no part of a nurse’s duties to prescribe remedies. It is against all Military discipline to write letters of complainc to the Press. Members can always get redress by putting their complaints in writing, signing them, and sending them to headquarters through their officers.”

October, 1916.

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T h e following is to be added under paragraph “ D uty” in Terms of Service, J. W. 56 — T h e y may be called upon to work for sick men only or they may be sent to hospitals where nurses or munition workers are cared for under the Military authorities. No V A .D . should question what work she does for the sick or wounded, whether soldiers, sailors, or civilians. V A recent Army Council Instruction (1805, September 16th, 1916) concerning the spending of maintenance grants paid to Class A Auxiliary Hospitals, has caused no little anxiety for the time being to those responsible for the up keep of such hospitals. It laid down that no part of the capitation grant may be expended on rent of premises, salaries of nurses, etc., a ruling entirely contrary to the practice which has prevailed in the past two years, T h e subsequent War Office Instruction (No. 1875 of 1916) in modification, will have come as a considerable relief. It states that as it is understood that it has been the general practice in such hospitals to regard the grant for mainten ance as available towards the expenditure incurred under the headings (d) Establishment Charges, (e) Salaries, wages, etc. ( / ) Miscellaneous, in addition to those laid down in Par. 3 of the above A .C .I. 1805, it is not desired to disturb the existing practice, and maintenance therefore may be regarded as covering expenditure under all the six headings. T h e effect of this pronouncement is to leave things exactly as they were before the issue of the former instruction, Par 4 being cancelled altogether. * * * V .A .D . members will doubtless have read a letter signed by Mr. Stanley and Lord Ranfurly which appeared in the Press about September 14th, its object being to let the public know how well the women of the Empire had responded to their July appeal for help to the sick and wounded and that sufficient Special Service members had come forward to fulfil the probable requirements of the next two or three months. We would, however, commend very specially to our readers’ notice the further suggestion that those who, for various reasons, have not hitherto been able to take up Hospital work, should spend some of their spare time during the Autumn and Winter in qualifying themselves for this work by attending the necessary lectures and taking First Aid and H om e Nursing certificates. This with a view to the probability of an urgent call for more help in the early months of next year. * * * T h e total number of V .A .D . members at work through the Central Department on September 26th was 6,639 allocated as follows :— In Military Hospitals at home 4,414 nursing members and 310 General Service members, while in Auxiliary Hospitals 230 members are serving. Abroad there are 1,333 members in the wards of Military Hospitals and 352 working under the Joint Committee. * * * It is with a deep sense of loss and regret that we have to record the death, as a result of her devotion to duty on active service, of Miss Florence Jane Settle, E. Lancs/176. She served at the Military Hospital, Whalley, from April 26th, 1915, being subsequently selected for service on the Hospital Ship, “ Aquitania,” which at the time was largely engaged in transferring wounded soldiers from Gallipoli to England. On the completion of this duty she was sent to Magdalena Camp, Winchester. Devotion to her work caused a temporary collapse, followed by a second break

JOHN

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down. She was put on the sick list on July 7th of this year, but, unhappily, rest and care did not suffice to save her, and she died at St. L eon ard ’s-on-Sea on September 10th.

A V .A D .’s E x p e r ie n c e D u r in g t h e R e t ir e m e n t of t h e M o n t e n e g r in A r m y . I n October, 1915, it became evident that the Austrians were advancing and that our hospital could not much longer remain in Plevlie, where it had been established for 9 busy months. Tw ice Austrian aeroplanes came over Plevlie, much to the excitement of the entire populace ; the first one came down three miles outside the town and the two men were taken prisoners. A t the end of October the wounded began to arrive, more buildings were prepared, and at one time we had 360 patients, mostly wounded. T h e men when they arrived were, as a rule, in a deplorable condition, having been four or five days en r o u t e ; the smell from the septic wounds was truly appalling. T h e men generally arrived at night, about 9 p.m., and only those who have been in those parts can realise what it meant bathing and bedding a large num ber of wounded men when every bit of material has to be carried from various buildings as required. Nothing not in absolute use could be left unlocked, and not even with the best and most willing intentions can one produce hot water for 37 baths from one small stove. However, in spite of many difficulties, our patients were all re-dressed. One evening we had in no less than 11 compound complicated fractured thighs besides 28 other cases, with one small bathroom and one bath, but by 2 a.m. every man had been fed, wound re-dressed, bathed and in clean clothes put to bed— not bad for one surgeon, two V . A . D . ’s, and a few orderlies. I was attending to one man who had had half his hand shot off. H e was in a fearful state— dirty, septic, and all rough and torn flesh. I was washing his hand, prior to dressing it, when he made frantic signs that he wanted something out of his bag. T hin kin g he was feeling faint, I handed him some raccie (sort of prune whiskey— a favourite d r in k ) ; he took a drink, but was not satisfied, so I handed him the bag. H e dived in and brought me out a paper (newspaper) parcel. As so many men gave me presents, I thought he had a bit of cheese for me (they often gave me cheese), so opened it, but to my horror came across the other half of his hand, which had been blown off five days previously. I am not sure to this day what I was intended to do with that hand, whether I was supposed to stick it back on the remaining bit of hand or to admire it. As it was impossible to do the first I chose the second solu tion to the problem, and, though much hating it (never showing that I did so), for a short a time as possible I ad mired the remains, folded it once more in the paper and solemnly handed it back to the man, and he returned it to the bag. Well, the days went on, big guns were heard not very far away, daily, soldiers, ammunition and transport passed our house, and all night, too, and we all feared our fate was soon, coming, and that we should have to leave the hos pital we loved, and the men now required our help and care more than at any other time. Soon the blow fell. On Monday, November 15th, the order came that the hospital was to be evacuated. I suggested that all minor operations, such as small amputations, extractions of bullets, etc., should be done that morning, and our surgeon gave

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the order. I collected four men and they were operated on that day. N o definite orders as to when and where we were to go had been given, so we could only start packing material not likely to be required at once. Tuesday, 1 6th, news came that we should not have to go for another ten days, and that plenty of transport for wounded and all our material would be supplied. T h e weather had turned bitterly cold ; it snowed all Tuesday night and froze hard. Wednesday, 17th, it again snowed. I was at midday in the ambulance trying to feed a batch of wounded prisoners who had just arrived in a deplorable condition. Not being seriously wounded, they had been compelled to walk to the hospital, and had been en route five days, some even barefooted, all in tatters, and a more miserable crowd one could not imagine. While attending to these I was sent for to go to the house. I guessed what sort of news I should hear, so was not worried when I was in formed that reports from the front were more serious and the hospital was to be evacuated at once, and that the Sirdar had said, “ Would the Mission open a hospital at a place called Shahoritza ?” It was then 1 p.m., so we had a busy time until mid night packing the necessities in the way of drugs, dressings and f o o d ; we had no idea how long we should be on the road— so that we went prepared for two weeks. I think the afternoon of Wednesday, Novem ber 1 8th, was one of the most miserable I ever spent. I went round and said good-bye to every patient, shaking hands with every man ; a Bosnian woman acted as interpreter: she howled the whole time— at times I must own to tears. Some of our patients cried like children,[it was all I could do to con tinue going round to see these men, who are the most patient, brave and uncomplaining, suffering fearful pain without a murmur, crying because we were leaving, it was a sad sight. We anticipated having them (some of them) again, but I think we all knew that once it was thought necessary for Plevlie to be evacuated that it was the be ginning of the end. Our work in the hospital being ended we returned to the house and packed until the small hours, when I laid down to bed properly attired, for the last time for six weeks. W e got up at 5 a.m., 24 degrees of frost and three feet of of snow, but at sunrise we saw it promised to be fine though intensely cold. At 8 30 a.m. two carts and a buggy arrived— the horses had come five hours into the town to take us on our journey, and they were quite beat already and nearly starved. However, we started off. T h e cold was intense, and soon I was so cold that we decided it was better to walk, so we started off. W e walked from 9 to 11.30 in the snow and left the carriages far behind. During the mid-day halt I saw a poor Montenegrin deserter taken prisoner. T h e poor man was evidently very sick, anyone could see that by the dazed, staggering way in which he moved, but, unfortunately, he had no paper on him from his commanding officer or from any doctor, and without such a paper no one (male) over sixteen may be at large. T h e guard took the man’s rifle away, tied his arms tightly behind his back with the long sort of sach belt many of these men wear, and sent him off with a guard to walk all the way back to Plevlie. I much doubt if he ever managed that walk. At 4 o’clock we moved off again, the cold was *&wful, the road very slippery; it was a newly-made road which has benefited the Austrians far more than the Monte negrins. Every time we passed anyone on the road we enquired how much further to Coveran, where we meant to spend the night, as the road ended there and we should have to proceed either on horses or foot to Shahoritza.

AM BULANCE

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O ctober, 1916.

Every individual informed us it was “ yosh year sat, which means still one more hour. W e were told this at S o’clock and at 10 o’clock were still on the road. A great deal of delay was caused by the horses being absolutely exhausted, they stopped about every fifty yards, it was cruel work making them go on, but what could one do ? A t 10.30 we arrived at Coveran, a policeman called Marco, and one whom I had often spoken to in Plevlie, came out to meet me. I enquired if our surgeon had arrived, and he said “ Yes, sick in hut.” This was not con soling news ; however, I discovered him lying on some hay, and he said he was better. T h e hut consisted of one room and it was warm. W e had no food, and as there was nowhere else to go we all slept on the floor. N o matter, this V .A .D . slept the sleep of the just in spite of an orchestra of snores which were far from melodious. W e got up the next day at 7.30. Everybody said they were feeling better. There was no road now, and the first part of our journey was on foot down a sort of glacier. I wish now I had sat down, and someone had given me a push at the back, I am sure it would have been a safer way of travelling than on my ten toes. After about half-an-hour’s perilous walk ing, we got on pack ponies and proceeded over streams, ice, logs, snow, rivers, hills, etc., for 4J hours. A t 1.30 we reached Shahoritza and went to the head man of the place to see what sort of arrangements had been made for our arrival. T h e arrangements were nil, but that was no one’s fault, Shahoritza was a wee hole of a place, there was no food in the place, and where on earth we could place 300 and more patients was a puzzle. I say 300 patients because the slightly wounded men had been sent home, 50 remained behind under the care of a Dutch doctor, and a few con valescents were sent to rejoin their regiments. ( To be continued.)

The

B a iliff of E a g l e B a illiw ic k .

and

his

B y H. W. F I N C H A M . f e w months ago when it was announced that Sir Herbert Perrott had resigned his office as Secretary General of the Order of St. John and Chief Secretary of the St. John Am bulance Association, and that he had received the honour of being appointed “ Bailiff of Eagle,” one frequently heard the question asked : “ What is the Bailiff of Eagle ?” with the reply, “ H e is the third dignatory of the Order of St. John in England.” But few persons could go further than that and explain the why and the wherefore. In what is generally spoken of as the glorious days of the old Order, although in another and better sense not more glorious than the present, the Bailiff of Eagle was a very great personage indeed, coming next to the Grand Prior and the Turkcopolier. T h e Turkcopolier’s office has long since ceased, as although it was the right of an English knight, he was the commander of a regiment of soldiers belonging to the Order, and as such was attached to the head quarters in the Mediterranean. When an English knight had served many years in the Order and rendered good service against the Turk it was usual to reward him with an appointment as a Preceptor or Commander, having charge of one of the groups of properties of the Order, of which there were many in England known as Preceptories or Commanderies, and a few of the largest A

October, 1916.

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-were called Bailliwicks, of which the most important was that of Eagle in Lincolnshire. Many honoured :names of English knights can be found in the old records as Bailiffs of Eagle, and among them may be mentioned Robert Hales, 13 5 8 ; John de Redington, 1 3 8 1 ; John Longstrother, 1 46 3; and William Tornay, 147 1 ; all of whom became Grand Priors of E n g land. Others were Thom as Newport, 1502, whose monu ment still exists in Rhodes, and Oliver Starkey, 1569, the ■only knight not a Grand Master, who was honoured with burial ;n the crypt of the Order’s Church of St, John, Malta. After the seizure of the Order’s property in E ng land by Henry V I I I . , and the consequent loss of revenues, th e appointment of Bailiff of Eagle was still maintained at Malta, and one of these was Andrew Wyse, 1588, whose portrait hangs in the Chapter Hall at St. John’s Gate, and in the Library there is a beautifully bound book, bearing on th e cover the coat of arms of Cardinal Albani, who was Bailiff of Eagle in 1773, a period when there were probably no English knights available for the honour. Thus, as with that of the Grand Prior of England, the office of the Bailiff of Eagle has been filled from the earliest periods ■of the English Langue down to the last well-deserved appointment of Sir Herbert Perrott. T h e Bailiwick of Eagle takes its name from a small -village situate about eight miles south of the city of Lincoln, in which parish the Order possessed considerable property, together with smaller possessions in the neighbouring ■country, which were attached to Eagle for management and were known as its limbs. In the fourteenth century there was a Grand Prior of England named Thom as l’Archer, who appears to have .allowed the financial affairs of the Priory to get almost into a state of bankruptcy. T h e Grand Master at Rhodes. Elyan de Villanova, dispatched the Prior of Venice, L e o nard de Tybertis, to England to depose l’Archer and attempt to save the situation. This he was able to do, and by the mortgaging of many costly jewels, and the regular income of the Priory, he was able to pay off the most pressing burdens and to give the Order some breathing time. T h e next Grand Prior, Philip de Thame, i 33 O I 35 8. in the year 1338 drew up a very full and careful statement of the properties in England, showing their incomes and liabilities and the amounts which they should be able to Teturn to headquarters as their contribution towards the expenses of the whole Order. This valuable document, which sheds much light on the life of the Hospitallers in England in the four teenth century, still exists in the archives of the Order at Malta, and it was printed in England by the Camden Society in 1855. T h e portion relating to Eagle is as follows :— B a il iw ic k of E y c l e w ith

its

L im bs.

Eycle.— There is there one manor house with a garden, and worth per annum— 20s. And two dovecots, worth— 10s. And of rent of assize without rent— 53 marcs i7d.ob.q. (jd.) And of rent of hens— 50s. Works and customs, worth— £4 2s. 2d. And two windmills and one watermill— 30s. And there are four carucates of land containing five hundred acres ; and at Wodehous three carucates containing three hundred, at 6d. an acre, total— £20. And at Whisseby fifty-four acres of land, each acre qd., total— 18s. And at Eycle fifty acres of meadow, each acre 2s.— total 100s. And of profits of underwood— 1 0 0 s . P leas and perquisites of the Courts, worth— 100s.

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Churches— The The A ls o And And And Sum

c h u r c h o f E y c l e , a p p r o p r ia t e d , w o r t h — 22 m a r c s . c h u r c h o f S w y n d e r b y , a p p r o p r ia t e d , w o r t h — 22 m a r c s . t h e r e n t o f S y b b e t h o r p , w o r th — 10 m a r c s . t w e n t y a c r e s o f m e a d o w a t W y s s e b y , w o r th 40s. p a s t u r e fo r t w e n t y c o w s , w o r t h — 40s. p a s t u r e fo r fo u r h u n d r e d s h e e p , w o r t h — 33s. q d . t o t a l o f r e c e ip t a n d p r o fit o f t h e s a id B a iliw ic k £ 1 2 2 i i s . lo d . R e pr ises.

O u t o f w h ic h in h o u s e e x p e n s e s — v iz., fo r t h e P r e c e p t o r , o n e B r o t h e r , t w o s e c u la r c h a p la in s , P h ilip d e B e v e r le y , c o r r o d a r y ; L o r d H e n r y d e B a n e b y , c o r r o d a r y ; N ic h o la s d e L e y b o u r n , c o r r o d a r y ; A d a m d e S p r o t t e le e , c o r r o d a r y ; a n d o t h e r s o f t h e h o u s e h o ld :— In lo a f b re a d p e r a n n u m , s e v e n ty q u a rte rs o f w h e a t, e a ch q u a r t e r , 2s. 6 d ., t o t a l— £ 8 13 s. A n d in b e e r b r e w e d p e r a n n u m 70 q u a r t e r s o f w h e a t , e a c h q u a r t e r 2s. 6 d ., t o t a l— £ 1 0 . A n d in fle s h , fish a n d o t h e r n e c e s s a r ie s fo r t h e k it c h e n , p e r w e e k 4 s ., t o t a l— £ 1 0 qs. A n d in p r o v e n d e r o f t h e h o r s e s o f t h e p r e c e p t o r a n d g u e s t s 182 q u a r t e r s , e a c h q u a r t e r i2 d ., t o t a l— 13 m a r c s 8s. 8d. A l s o fo r s u s t e n t a t io n o f th e h o u s e o f th e w h o le B a i li w i c k 60s. A n d in r e n t r e s o lu t e y e a r ly to d iv e r s lo r d s - - 2 6 s . 8d. A n d to t h e A r c h d e a c o n o f L i n c o l n fo r p r o c u r a t io n s o f t h e c h u r c h e s o f E y c l e a n d S w y n d e r b y — 14s. io d . A n d to H u g h d e L o n g t o n a n n u a l p e n s io n fo r t h e w h o le o f h is lif e — 8 m a rc s . A n d to L o r d J o h n , v ic a r o f t h e c h u r c h o f S w y n d e r b y , p e n s io n fo r life , b y th e c h a r t e r o f B r o t h e r T h o m a s L a r c h , a n d a llo w e d in t h e r e s p o n s io n s — 40s. A n d to N ic h o la s d e L e y b o u r n fo r th e w h o le o f h is life , b y c h a r t e r , c o r r o d a r y o f B r o t h e r T h o m a s L a r c h e r — 2 6 s. 8d. A n d to P h ilip d e B e v e r l e y fo r th e w h o le o f h is life , b y c h a r t e r , c o r r o d a r y o f B r o t h e r T h o m a s L a r c h e r — 13s. qd. A n d to J o h n d e W e s t o n fo r t h e w h o le o f h is life , b y d e e d o f th e T e m p le — 4 m arcs. I n t h e v is it a t io n o f th e P r io r fo r tw o d a y s — 40s. A n d in t h e s t ip e n d s o f tw o c h a p l a in s — 40s. A n d in r o b e , m a n t le a n d n e c e s s a r ie s o f o n e b r o t h e r t h e r e — 3 4s. 6d. A n d in r o b e s a n d s t ip e n d o f o n e fo r e s t e r , c o o k , b a k e r a n d d is p e n s e r , a n d o n e g a t e k e e p e r , to e a c h o n e m a r c — 5 m a r c s . A ls o to la u n d r e s s — 2s. A n d tw o p a g e s , e a c h 3 s.— 6s. S u m t o t a l o f a ll e x p e n s e s a n d p a y m e n t s — £ S S iS s . qd. T o t a l v a lu e — t h e r e th u s r e m a in s to p a y to th e t r e a s u r e r fo r s u p p o r t in g b u r d e n s — 100 m a r c s . N a m e s o f th e B re th re n — B ro th e r R o b e rt C o rt, p r e c e p to r k n ig h t ; B ro th e r J o h n de W y t t e f f o r d ,c h a p l a in ; P h ilip d e B e v e r l e y , c o r r o d a r y ; a llo w e d in t h e r e s p o n s io n s — 10 m a rc s .

H ere we have a most minute account of the expenses and profits of one of the more important properties of the Order in England in the year 1 3 3 8 , which throws much light on the life and duties of the members who were in charge of the properties, and we see that the cost of enter taining the Prior for the two days of his visitation was equal to a chaplain’s stipend for two whole years, but the money is saved at Clerkenwell, in which accounts it is explained that nothing is allowed there for the Prior during his absence. T h e Corrodaries were pensioners and in some cases anuitants who had paid a capital sum to the Order. T here is nothing at Eagle now to remind one of its old owners, a modern mansion covers the site o f the old manor house which Grand Prior Botyll had license to em battle and crenulate in 1 4 4 9 , and the church, although now carefully restored, had been allowed to get into such a disreputable condition that a few years ago it had the appearance of a dilapidated meeting-house of the eighteenth century, the only ancient portion being a small Norman tower at the west end.

— F IR ST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

A t Clerkenwell the Bailiff of Eagle had a house apart from the Priory, as his own separate residence, which stood in St. John’s-lane, to the south of the Priory Gatehouse, on the land now known as Eagle-court; it must have been a very fine mansion, for a deed dated 1542 describes it as “ T h e Baily of the Eygle H o use,” and values it at a yearly rental of 53s. 4d.

R e q u ir e m e n t s

the

J o in t

S o c ie ties .

Joint Societies wish to ask working parties to kindly concentrate on making the following articles until further notice :— Cardigans, dressing gowns, knitted face washers, pants (flannel or union— winter weight), knitted skull caps not Balaclava helmets), handkerchiefs (coloured), knitted helmets, mufflers, bed-socks, comfort bags 1 0 X 1 2 in any fancy coloured material. T h e

er y

r g e n t

T h e following are also wanted :— Glass, china and tea cloths, feather pillows 1S X 28 and 20 x 30, sheets (2 y ard s X 3 yards), pillow cases ( 2 0 x 3 0 , 9 X 1 4 , 1 0 X 1 5 , 1 1 X 1 6 , r 4 X t 4 ) , medium weight socks for officers. Workers are earnestly requested to stop sending any cotton garments, owing to the limitation of our storage space, as such articles will not be required until next summer. W e have ample supplies of bed-jackets, day-shirts, day-socks, and kettle-holders, and none of these are wanted for the present. T h e Joint Societies greatly appreciate the manner in which working parties adjust their output to the Societies’ requirements, and hope that they see their way to give special attention to the above requests. Patterns of all kinds may now be obtained at the B .R .C .S . Central Workrooms, T h e Royal Academy, Piccadilly, W. Write for list. A

d dresses

for

oods

From R ed Cross Working Parties.— T h e Manager, Stores Department, B .R .C .S ., 83, Pall Mall, S.W. From R ed Cross H o m e Workers.— B .R .C .S . Central Workrooms, Royal Academy, Piccadilly, W. From St. John Workers and Parties.— T h e Chairman, St. John’s Warehouse, 56, St. John’s-square, E.C.

T h e G r a n d P r io r y of t h e O rder of t h e H o sp ita l of S t . John of J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d . W

h a r it y

c t

1916.

a preliminary interview on September 28th between Mr. Evelyn Cecil, M.P ., the Secretary-General of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and Mr. Bowyear, the C hief Charity Commissioner, the Secretary-General wrote as follows :— Chancery of the Order, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C. September 29th, 1916. A fte r

ear

. B

o w yea r

,—

I brought the question which you kindly discussed with me yesterday, about the liability of the Order of St. John to be registered under the W ar Charities Act, before the Council of the Order at their meeting to-day.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

October, 1916.

They desire me to say that they do not think that the Order comes within the War Charities Act, inasmuch as their war work including their St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital at Etaples, their St. John Warehouse at Clerken well, and their St. John Brigade Units are subsidiary work to their main objects which are essentially on a peace basis ; but they are of opinion that the St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments, being financially independent, are within the scope of the Act. The Council would be very glad to have the decision of the Charity Commissioners on these matters, subject tothe rights granted by the Charter of the Order. Believe me, yours sincerely, (Signed) E v e l y n C e c i l , Secretary-General. Henry W. T. Bowyear, Esq., Chief Charity Commissioner, Charity Commission, Ryder-street, St. James’s, S.W. T h e following letter from the Charity Commissioners refers to the above-mentioned interview between the Secre tary-General and the C h ief Charity Commissioner :— Charity Commission, Ryder-street, S.W. October 2nd, 1916. S

,—

With reference to your interview with the Chief Com missioner at this Office on the 28th ultimo, 1 am to say that the Charity Commissioners are of opinion that the Order is not a War Charity within the meaning of the W ar Charities Act, 1916, the relief of suffering and other objects connected with the present War being in their view subsidiary only to the principal purposes of the Order. The Commissioners; however, consider that the St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments and Hospitals, which are financially independent, and which are not subject to the complete control of the Order, should, if they make any appeal to the public, be registered as separate War Charities. 1 am, Sir, your obedient servant, (Signed) G. C. B o w e r . Evelyn Cecil, Esq., M.P., Secretary-General, Chancery of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. T h e following letter is in reply General’s letter of September 29th :— Charity— Grand Prior of the Order of St. John. S

to the Secretary-

Charity Commission, Ryder-street, S.W. October 6th, 1916.

,—

Your letter of the 29th ultimo, addressed to the Chief Commissioner, has been under consideration, and 1 am to state that, in exercise of the power in that behalf conferred upon them by Section 10 of the War Charities Act, 1916,. the Charity Commissioners have determined that the above-named Charity is not a War Charity within the meaning of the expression, as used in the Act, I am, Sir, your obedient servant, (Signed) G. C. B o w e r . Evelyn Cecil, Esq., M.P., Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

A move in the right direction has just been made by the Joint War Committee, which has provided a new hospital for the treatment of soldiers and sailors discharged from the Services on account of injuries to the face and jaws.

October, 1916.

— F IR ST

N otes

and

AID

THE

ST.

News.

I n addition to those published in the last issue, the follow ing have been successful in obtaining Demonstrators’ certi ficates in First A id :— William A. Wheel, Thom as Phillips, William Penberthy, Frederick R. Hortop, George Payne, T . E. Richards, Andrew J. McWilliam, Ethel E. Metcalfe. * * * Examinations for Demonstrators’ certificates in First A id and H o m e Nursing will be held quarterly during December, March, June and September as follows :— London, 1st Saturday ; Birmingham, 1st Saturday ; Manchester, 1st Saturday; Newcastle, 1st T hursd ay; Leeds, 1st T h u r s d a y ; Cardiff, 1st M o n d a y; Dublin, 1st S atu rd a y ; Belfast, 1st Saturday. T hese days are subject to confirmation. It is hoped also to arrange examinations in Liverpool, Hull and Bristol. * * T h e following extract from the Police, Factories, etc., Act, 1916, is of interest to those who have offered their services in the event of air raids. Section 3.— “ Where a police authority has accepted the offer of any person to assist the police in the execution of any of their duties connected with the present war, and such person is incapacitated by an injury received by him whilst rendering such assistance under the supervision or in accordance with the direction of the police authority, or dies from the effect of any injury so received without his own fault, the police authority may grant to him or his widow and children or any of them a pension or pensions and allowances at the same rates as under the Police Act, 1890, etc.” I f called out by the military to assist the troops they will be compensated from the Arm y Funds.

C en tral

W ork

R oom s.

Central Work Rooms, under the Joint Committee of the Order of St. John and the British R e d Cross, have returned to the spacious Galleries, so generously put at their disposal by the Council of the Royal Academy, and the Chairman of the St. John Ambulance Warehouse, 56, St. John’s-square, Clerkenwell, is anxious to enlist increased help from members and friends of the Order, either as workers at the central work rooms, as heads or members of registered work parties, or as registered home workers. This scheme has been found extremely useful during the last year in increasing the number of contributions sent in to our warehouse, in encouraging their continuance and in raising the standard of the work sent in. Central work room workers pay an entrance fee of 5s. and are requested to give a minimum of four half days weekly in the bandage or clothing or knitting rooms there. T h e y can obtain certificate and Government badge, by regular work there. H o m e workers pay a registration fee of 2s. 6d., and after three months’ work from date of registration, they can gain the joint certificate of Thanks (an interesting war souvenir to preserve), by the contribution of 50 approved garments, or the equivalents in bandages or gifts, and they can apply for the Government badge— a bronze brooch with letters V .W . (voluntary worker), if they will undertake to continue working. T h e

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

Work parties should be registered at the central work rooms, as St. John work parties if they contribute to the St. John warehouse, and they can qualify by three months’ work for certificate and Government badge, when the head of their work party can testify regular attendance, and a reasonable amount of contributions, ten things for each certificate applied for being the standard aimed at. Smaller articles, such as bandages and comfort bags, are reckoned by a list supplied, so as to equalise large and small contri butions, T h o s e registered contributors who do not wish to apply for certificates can send when and what they choose to St. John warehouse, and registration authorises them to use the R e d Cross as an emblem in connection with their work parties. A large number of hospitals and R e d Cross organisa tions are assisted from here, and the need for continued support is great. Patterns at cost price can be supplied to registered workers, and regular information as to special needs will be furnished. Enquiries from St. John workers should be addressed to Lady Jekyll, Chairman, St. John Warehouse, 56, St. John’s-square, Clerkenwell, E .C ., or direct to the Secre tary, Central Work Rooms, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W.

A n a t o m y L e c tu r e s . first series of a course of lectures on the anatomy o f the human body will be given at the Royal College o f Surgeons of England by Professor Arthur Keith, C on ser vator of the Museum, for first aid and ambulance students at 5 p.m., in the Theatre of the College in L in coln ’s Inn Fields. 1.— Wednesday, N ovem ber 1st. T h e heart and great vessels. 2.— Friday, Novem ber 3rd. T h e more common sites of hremorrhage. 3.— Monday, November 6th. T h e Lungs and Trachea. 4.— Wednesday, November 8th. Respiration. 5.— Friday, November 10th. T h e Brain. 6.— Monday, November 13th. T h e Spinal C ord and Nerves. 7.— Wednesday, Novem ber 15th. T h e Structures concerned in Shock. 8.— Friday, November 1 7th. T h e Anatomy of W ounds received in Warfare. 9.— Monday, Novem ber 20th. T h e Structures con cerned in the spread of Infections. 10.— Wednesday, November 22nd. T h e A natom y o f the Ear and Skull. 1 1 . — Friday, November 24th, T h e more common accidents to the E y e and Ear. 12.— Monday, November 27th. T h e Skin and Mucous Membranes. T h e more common accidents to which they are exposed. Anatomical preparations and specimens, used for pur poses of illustration, will be placed on exhibition in the Theatre from 3 to 5 p.m. on each lecture-day. O n the following day the same preparations will be placed in the hall of Museum, where they may be studied between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. T h e second series of lectures will be given in January and February, 1917. T h e

— F I R S T

72 CONTENTS

THIS

The V .A.D .’s and the Nursing Profession ...

...

R eports—

No. 1 ; No. 3 ... ... ... No. 4 ; No. 6 ... ... ... Professional Etiquette— A London Sketch The Work of the V .A .D .’s ... ...

... ... ... ...

October, 1916.

—

this connection Australia is keeping pace with the M othe land, and this at a time when such large numbers are away fighting for the common cause. W e understand that on

NUMBER.

E d it o r ia l — D istr ict

A I D

the N ew South Wales Government

Railways

the

total

strength of the ambulance corps is now no less than 9,132 , and increase of 6,14, or 7.2 per cent, as compared with last year T h e instruction classec continue to be well attended

... ... ... ...

62 63 63 63

The Mechanics of Circulation ... ... ... V.A.D. News ... ... ... ... ... The Bailiff of Eagle and his Bailliwick ... ... Central Work Rooms ... ... ... ... A V .A .D .’s Experience During the Retirement of the Montenegrin Army ... ... ... Requirements of the Joint Societies ... ... The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England— War Charities Act, 1916... ... ... ... Notes and News ... ... ... ... Anatomy Lectures ... ... ... ... Brevities ... ... ... ... ... ... Substitute for the Two-Handed Seat ... ... ... Hints to Hospital Orderlies ... ... ... ... S.E. & C.R. Railway ... ... ... ... Queries and Answers to Correspondents ... ...

64 66 66 67

and a high standard of ambulance efficiency is being main tained. T hree rooms specially constructed and replete with up-to-date ambulance equipment, are now available at the Eveleigh Workshops, where members of the staff, selected for work on account of their first aid qualifications,

67 70

are constantly in attendance. Progress is also reported in connection

T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e —

70 71 71 72 73 73 74 76

R eview s—

First Aid for the Trenches ... ... ... Martin’s Questions and Nursing Answers on Home Nursing ... ... ... ... ...

76 76

B r e v itie s. D u r i n g the past twelve months Dr. Corbet Fletcher has solved 36 queries on difficulties in actual practice of first aid, which have been published in this journal. O f this series 17 relate to fractures, and five to haemorrhage, four to insensibility, four to scalds and burns, three to

asphyxia, two to dislocation and one to transport. It is interesting to note that fractures comprise one half of the difficulties presented, and that problems on poisoning are entirely absent. T h e analysis emphasises the frequency of the first and the rarity of the last named emergency, with consequent queries and difficulties. *** in aid of the funds of the j fint committee o f the R ed Cross was observed in Great Britain and the Dominions on October 19th, and the effort promises to be a great success. For the first time the K in g has bestowed his patronage on this form of appeal, and the Queen and Queen Alexandria are also patrons of the movement. T h e need of very large sums of money to carry on the magni ficent work of ths Joint Committee is very urgent. Last year “ Our d a y ” brought ^1.400,000, and there is a con fident expectation that the sum realised this year will be even greater. “ O u r D a y ,”

*** F r o m time to time reference is made in these columns to the progress achieved in regard to ambulance work on our Colonial railways, and it is gratifying to learn that in

with

the

Am bulance Corps of the Queensland Government Rail ways, and it is interesting to notice that Mr. W. F. Knight, formerly a prominent ambulance worker of the Great Western Railway (England) has recently been selected to fill the position of Acting Am bulance Officer. H e was this year’s winner of the “ Thallon ” gold medal, which is thy premier ambulance aware of the Queensland Railways. *sk* A p r o p o s of what was stated in our August issue with regard to the desirability of special constables taking a course of first aid instruction, it is pleasing to observe that at an inquest held by a suburban coroner on victims of a recent Zeppellin raid, a doctor called as a witness suggested that it would be beneficial and might save life if “ specials ” were instructed in dealing with haemorrhage and “ putting up ” badly fractured limbs. A n Inspector of the Special Constabulary present, said he had an efficient squad of fifty fully instructed men. T h e jury endorsed the doctor’s remarks, and the coroner stated that in many instances special constables had the necessary training, and there was always efficient help at hand.

* * * W h a t is perhaps one of the first cases on record of first aid having been rendered by an airman in mid-air is

mentioned in connection with the circumstances under which Sub-Lieut. G. B. Oxley, R .N ., was recently awarded the Victoria Cross. H e was acting as observer with FlightLieut. E. H. Dunning, D.S.O., as pilot, on escort and reconnaisance patrol for a flight of bombing machines on the Bulgarian coast on June 20th. T w o enemy machines were engaged at close range and forced to retire, and as our machine withdrew Flight-Lieut. Dunning was hit in the left leg, and the machine was badly damaged. Sub-Lieut. Oxley, having first improvised a tourniquet, which he gave to Flight-Lieut. Dunning, took control of the machine whilst the latter applied the tourniquet. The pilot was obliged to keep his thumb over a hole in the lower part of the petrol tank in order to keep enough fuel to return to the aerodrome, where he made an exceedingly good landing.

O c to b e r , 1 9 1 6 .

S u b stitu te

for th e

T w o -H an d ed

f i r s t

a i d

illustrations on this page show a little contrivance designed by Sergt. W. H. New and Corpl. Lacy of the Sandown Division, Isle of Wight, No. 2 District. It will be seen it is designed to release the hands for other use when carrying a patient who can sit up, but is unable to walk, and at the same time the patient can be carried with a greater amount of comfort and ease. It is made up of very strong canvas, edged with webbing, and it cost 6s. to make.

for

H o spital

Fats, and Starch (or Sugar) together with water and certain salts which are chiefly present in vegetables. Milk and oatmeal comply with these requirements, and, if taken in sufficient quantity, will supply all the needs of the body. Correct dieting demands that water, of which about 2 pints should be taken daily, should be separated from solid food— the proportionate

S eat.

The

H in ts

Orderlies.*

B y N. C O R B E T FLETCHER. B.A., M.B., B.C., Cantab., M.R.C.S. Author of “ A ids to F irst A id " “ A id s to Home N ursing" and “ Why and Wherefore in F rst Aid." ( Continued from page j f . ) P oin ts An

O r d e r l y ’s F o o d

D iet. m ust

N IC E.

we postpone to the following Chapter our discussion on “ Diet-serving ” for the patient, we enumerate here cer tain points which show that for the Orderly all food must W h ile

be:— N.

N u tritio u s.

T h e ideal diet is composed of Meat,

* B y arrangem ent w ith M essrs. John B a le, S o n s and D anielsson, L td ., 83, G t. T itch field -street, these Papers (when com plete) w ill be published as a b oo k let, price 6d. net.

quantity being sipped sloivly one hour before meals. T h e influence of surroundings on Appetite has already been noted, and steps should be taken to make the service of meals as attractive as possible, lest the food disgust the Orderly, destroy his appetite, and impede digestion. C le a n . Cleanliness in cooking (as in serving) food is essential to the well-being Orderly and Patient. Contamination is most frequently caused through impurities of water, which have already been tabu lated in Chapter III. An Orderly should not p a r take o f food in the Ward, especially milk and water, which are particularly prone to infection. E a te n S lo w ly . In the eating of food certain im portant Rules of H e alth— which are only too often neglected— must be observed. First.— Food should be taken at regular and fix e d hours, as far as the duties o f an Orderly allow. Secondly.— Food must be w ell and slowly masticated. Sound teeth are essential to this process and necessitate periodical visits to the dental surgeon. Thirdly.— F ood should he eaten “ d r y "— the liquid being carefully separated from the solid portion of the diet.

In v itin g .

— F I R S T

Lastly, the Orderly who goes on duty tired and hungry to nurse a patient suffering from some infectious disease is incurring an unwarrantable risk and exposing himself unfairly to the risk of infection. C h a p ter An

V I.— D e t a i l s o f

O rd e rly

m ust

O rd e rly

D u tie s,

N E A T in h is D u t i e s .

In Chapter IV. it was laid down that Neat/ness, Efficiency, Accuracy and Testing of results are the factors which control the performance of all Orderly Duties. We can now apply these points in detail to the various items and shall thus appreciate their importance here as in our study of First Aid. As a preface to this discussion, however, it may be useful to consider the common Preventable Complications of nursing sick and injured patients. I.— P R E V E N T A B L E B

A I D

BED - M A K IN G . T h e art of correct bed-making is only acquired by practice and the work must be N. N eat. If the Ward is to present a smart and attractive appearance, then neatness of the bed is essential. Beds in which the sheets have been carelessly tucked under the mattress are most likely to become untidy, especially if the patient is delirious and restless. Again, during the making of the beds, neatness demands that the bedclothes shall be placed on the back of a chair and not thrown carelessly on the floor of the Ward. E.

E fficie n t.

A ccu rate.

T ested .

B ed-sores.

m outh s. Neglect of the mouths of helpless patients is prone with serious consequences. This preventable complication consists of foul accretions on the teeth (sordes), is most likely to occur in cases o f prolonged fever (e.g. Enteric Fever and Pneumonia), and is avoided by systematic treatment of the mouth— especially the teeth and gums— three times a dav and more frequently if required. Their prevention is a special duty of the Orderly, and is effected by small pieces of lint, soaked in an alkaline lotion and applied freely to the parts either with a pair of forceps or with the finger.

Bad

B urns

with hot-water bottles. T hese are usually inflicted on patients who are either paralysed or unconscious (e g. during recovery after anaesthetic). Th e y may result either from the bottle being insufficiently protected or from leakage due to an ineffective stopper. Care of these bottles, as part of the attention to the Patients Comfort, falls to the special duty of Orderly who must see that they are filled with boiling water and protected with fla n n el wrappers. 1'n e rubber varieties, however, must only be tilled two-thirds full, and all air must be expelled belure stoppering.

B liste rin g

with disinfectants. Another preventable complication may follow carelessness in the use o f strong disinfectants. For example, if pure Cresol solution (also known as Lysol) is placed in the bed pan, a severe blister of the buttocks may result. It is noteworthy that, as sulphates (e.g. Epsom salts) neutralise Carbolic Acid by forming a harmless salt, so methylated spirit will dissolve and counteract Cresol.

October, 1916.

II.

CO M PLICA T IO N S.

Bed-sores are painful ulcers which may develope on bony prominences during prolonged confinement to bed. T h e y may be due to pressure and moisture— e.g. on shoulders, buttocks and heels— or to friction— e.g. on ankles, knees, and elbows. Neglect of Cleanliness (especially, of the back-toilet), crumbs of food, creases of under sheet, <Src., are contributory causes. In their prevention variation of posture, relief of pressure, and strict attention to cleanliness are all important together with skill and care in bedmaking and use of water-bed.

—

T h e special points in Bed-making are Neatness of bed, Cleanliness of bed-clothes, and the Comfort of patient. All sheets must be dry, wellaired and clean. For this reason, soiled sheets must be immediately removed and, if infectious, placed in disinfectant solution at the bedside. Again, a damp sheet must never be placed on a bed and the changing of the sheets must under these circum stances be delayed, until the drying and airing process is completed. T h e careful folding and placing of a draw-sheet in position is as important as the tucking in of sheets and blankets. If care is not exercised, the objects of a draw-sheet— especially the protection of mattress and lower sheet— may be overlooked, because it is either too narrow or has become dis placed. Draw-sheets are very liable to become creased and to retain bread crumbs, etc., and on this account are reserved for special cases. A t the end of his task the Orderly must in spect the bed, note that it looks clean and neat, and ask the patient if he is comfortable. Care must also be taken when changing sheets that the patient is not unduly uncovered or txposed to chill during the process. (T o be concluded.)

jtailwaij JUnbulance. S.E. & C. R y . — A most interesting ceremony took place at the Cannon-street Hotel recently, when the awards gained by the members of the staff in the London District were presented by T h e Right Hon. Sir William Hart Dyke, Bart. Sir William, who was supported by a large number of Directions and officers of the Company, including Sir Francis Dent (General Manager), C. Sheath, Esq. (Secre tary), P. C. Tempest, Esq. (Chief Engineer), R. E. L. Maunsell Esq. Chief Mechanical-Engineer), F. P. Igglesden, Esq., (Goods Manager), G. B. Hayne, Esq. (Assistant to the General Manager), A. D. Jones, Esq. (Outdoor L o c o motive Superintendent), H. E. O. Wheeler, Esq. (London District Traffic Superintendent), and others, described the sincere pleasure it gave him to preside over a meeting of Railway Ambulance Men, and, on behalf of the Directors and officers, said how much they all appreciated the energies of those members of the staff who took up ambulance work, and by their knowledge and skill were able to render such excellent service when their colleagues, or members of the public met with injury. It was especially gratifying to his fellow-Directors and

-FIRST

October, 1416

to the officers of the Company to realise that, although the requirements during the past twelve months had meant that the staff had been called upon to work contiuously at a high pressure, they were still ready to sacrifice a good deal of their leisure in attending the Ambulance classes and studying to become proficient in this very excellent work. H e was proud to be associated with them and to know that, so far from there being any falling off in the number of candidates at the examinations, there had been a con siderable increase; and this in spite of the fact that it had not been possible to arrange the usual competitions, and this stimulus had therefore been wanting. H e assured them that they might continue to rely upon the ambulance movement having the continued support of the Directors and officers of the Company, and congratulated them most heartily on the success of their efforts.

W. Everett. W. Hills. W in n e rs

o f

AID.

Railway Operating Division at Boulogne. First aid had been rendered in 2,700 cases during the past twelve months, making a total of 27,000 instances in which suffering had been alleviated since the formation of the centre. T h e value of railway ambulance work, in a different direction to that with which we were familiar, was indicated, in the fact that, since the war began, S.E. & C .R . men had attended over 200 trains conveying wounded soldiers. T hese had arrived at various places, and the men had, in their own time and at all hours of the day and night unloaded 14,000 cot cases. Several letters had been received from the Military Authorities eulogistic of the assistance given and the careful way in which the patients had been handled. T h e y were glad to know that, all unconsciously, the knowledge that had been acquired in the past by the members of the Centre, was but a pre paration for the time when they would be able to show

E. Cloke.

W. Scott. W. Capeling.

t h e C h a l l e n g e C u p , 1916, P r e s e n t e d b y R. E . L. M a u n s a l l , E s q ., C h i e f E n g i n e e r , f o r C o m p e t i t i o n b y T e a m s i n A s h f o r d W o r k s S . E . & C.R.

Mr. E. A. Richards (Chairman of the Centre) gave a very satisfying resume of the ambulance work of the Centre during to past season, touching briefly upon its progress since its formation in 1905. This year 231 new members had gained the certificate of the Association, whilst nearly 1,000 members of the staff already in possession of awards had passed a more advanced examination. Since the institution of the medal for passing seven successive annual examinations, no less than 639 members had gained this coveted distinction, the possession of which, undoubtedly, certified the holder as competent to deal with any case of accident or sudden illness with which he might be brought in contact. Over 200 ambulance men Irom the Centre were serving with the Colours, and, in this connection, it was interesting to note that a successful first aid class, under the auspices of the S.E. & C .R . Centre, was now being attended by mem bers of this and other Companies’ staff attached to the

M e c h a n ic a l

their appreciation in a tangible manner, of what our Tom m ies had been called upon to do for us across the water. H e appreciated the difficulties in the way of members of the staff attending the classes at the present time, owing to the exigencies of the war, yet he believed that the value of a knowledge of first aid was never more realised by railwaymen than at the present time, and looked forward with the utmost confidence to the result of next season’s classes being even more satisfactory than this year’s One item, rather a novelty in the Railway Ambulance world, was the presentation of twenty-six valuable prizes, granted by the Station Masters’, Inspectors’ and L o c o motive Foremen’s Fund, in recognition of meritorious cases of first aid, and also to men who had performed notable service to the first aid cause. Not the least interesting ceremony in connection with the proceedings was the public investiture of Dr. Halliwell

— F I R S T

(London), Dr. Sealy (Paddock Wood) and Dr. Watts (Tonbridge) with the jewels of Honorary Associates of the Order of St. John by W. R. Edwards, E s q , A .C .A . (Secretary of the Grand Priory of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England), in recognition of their services as lecturers to the S.E. & C .R . staff for a great many years. In reply to a vote of thanks, Sir Francis Dent, who was received with applause, touched upon matters which have now passed into history, showing the important part that had been played by Railways in general in the present world crisis and the S.E. & C .R . in particular. In doing so, he expressed his unqualified appreciation of the Railway Ambulance men, and said that the success of the movement was undoubtedly due to the tireless energy of their Chairman (Mr. E A. Richaids), for whom the Directors, Officers, and, he was sure, the men had the greatest possible esteem. T h e meeting closed with a hearty vote of thanks to Sir William, and we came away feeling that this Centre has so enlarged it sphere of usefulness that we shall watch its further development with interest. On another page we reproduce a photo of the Ashtord Works team successful in winning the cup recently pre sented by Mr. R. E. L. Maunsell, the chief mechanical engineer, for competition amongst teams of men in the Ashford Works.

Queries and Answers Correspondents.

Queries w ill be dealt w ith under the follow ing rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left hana corner of

the envelope “ Q u ery ,"

an d addressed—

F irst A id ,

46, Cannon-street, London, E . C . 2 — A l l Q ueries m ust be accompanied by a “ Q uery Coupon ” cut horn the current issue 0} the Jou rn al, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. s .- Q u e r ie s ,

accompanied by stamped

addressed envelope,

w ill be

answ ered by post.

R F ( B r ig h t o n ) s a y s it is n o t c le a r to h im h o w a fr a c t u r e o f fe m u s o r le g is to b e t r e a t e d when no help is present. He p o in ts o u t th a t th e b o o k s s a y t h a t t h e fe e t a r e to b e tie d t o g e t h e r fir s t, a n d a s k s : ( 1 ) I s it in t e n d e d th a t th is sh o u ld b e d o n e b e fo r e t h e s p lin t is a p p lie d ? A n d (2), w h e n th e fe e t a r e r e a c h e d in th e s e q u e n c e o f b a n d a g i n g , s h o u ld a n e x t r a b a n d a g e b e c a r r ie d r o u n d th e m in o r d e r to s e c u r e t h e s p lin t — th u s m a k in g 8 b a n d a g e s u s e d fo r b r o k e n th ig h o r 6 fo r b r o k e n le g , in s t e a d o f 7 o r 5 r e s p e c t iv e ly ?

The proper sequence of bandaging is not to work down to the feet, as this Query suggests. The correct order is -.— F irst control the fracture, then control the splints, and, lastly, control W h e n a h e l p e r is a v a i l a b l e , t h i s s e q u e n c e is o b t a i n e d b y a l l o t t i n g to h i m at the outset t h e s p e c i a l d u t y o f h o l d i n g a n d f i x i n g t h e l o w e r f r a g m e n t u n t i l t h e l i m b is e f f i c i e n t l y s p l i n t e d s e c u r e ly t ie d to it s u n in ju r e d fe llo w . . . W h e n n o h e lp e r is a v a ila b le , a n o u t s id e s p lin t o n ly is in d i c a t e d a n d th e a ll- im p o r t a n t d u t y o f c o n t r o llin g th e fr a c t u r e c a n n o t b e o b s e r v e d u n le s s w e commence treatment b y t y in g l e g to " e g a n d so p r e v e n t a n y p o s s ib le m o v e m e n t o f t h e lo w e r fr a g m fn t o f t h e fr a c t u r e . T h e a d d it io n o f a n e x t r a b a n d a g e a s s u g g e s t e d , is a m a t t e r o f c o n v e n ie n c e , a n d w ill b e u s e fu l if t h e r e is a n y d if f ic u lt y in c o n t r o llin g t h e lo w e r e n d o f th e s p lin t. N. C o r bet F l e t c h e r .

October, 1916.

AID. —

R e v ie w s . FIR ST AID FOR T H E TRE N CH ES. By Somerville Hastings, M.S., F.R.C.S., Capt. R.A.M.C(T.F). London: John Murray. Price, i s net. value of a knowledge of first aid to soldiers has been demonstrated time and again during the present war. In fact the Canadian troops are all instructed in the methods ot rendering succour to their comrades in case of wound or accident, and we see no reason why this training should not be extended to the British soldier, as timely assistance when there is no doctor, stretcher bearer, or R.A.M.C. man about may be the means of saving life. This book deals with injuries more particularly met with by soldiers on the field and is in the form of simple notes. It is well and concisely written and the illustrations are particularly good, being actual photographic reproductions. ______ ________ _________ The

M A R T I N ’S

QUESTION S AND AN SW ER S H OM E N U RSIN G . By Leonard S. Barnes. London : Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.

This book deals with the nursing course as laid down by the St John Ambulance Association and those taking the course should find it most helpful in fixing points of interest upon their memories. In this— the sixth edition the material has been re-arranged in order to bring together the many subjects dealt with in their proper sections, whereby the plan of the lecturer is more closely adhered to and ready reference facilitated. Several new sections have also been introduced notably one on childbirth. It is a book which we can heartily recommend as the information it contains is explicit and of an essential nature. “ S a n ita s ” P r e p a r a t i o n s . — Many and varied are the preparations which emanate from the well-known “ San ita s” Co., Ltd., and Limehouse, London, E., and the handy little booklet just issued forms a very interesting compendium in its dealings with some of the principal manufactures of to-day. In addition, a special leaflet is also issued dealing with a remedy for the treatment of muscular rheumatism, lumbago and other painful affections, known as Potex. T h e therapentic value of this new scientific preparation has been proved in a great number of cases T h e chief active principle of the preparation is the juice of the potato, of which “ P o t e x ” contains about 50 per cent. It is made up in the form of an embrocation which only requires to be rubbed in wherever pain is felt, night and morning, and is already in considerable demand.

HORLICK’S * M ALTED

MILK

A S A D I E T IN R E D C R O S S N U R S IN Q . C o n ta in s a ll th e fo o d v a lu e o f p u r e fu ll-c re a m m ilk e n ric h e d a n d m o d ifie d w ith t n e s o lu b le n u tr itiv e e x tr a c ts o f c h o ic e m a lte d c e re a ls . T h e r a t i o o f p r o te in to c a r b o h y d r a te a n d i ts p e rfe c t d ig e s tib ility c o m m e n d th is food a s a re lia b le re c o n s tru c tiv e w h ic h m a y b e g iv e n f re e ly in s e p tic c o n d itio n s a n d s u rg ic a l c a se s.

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

R E Q U R IE S N O C O O K IN G .

L ib era l Sam ples f o r tr ia l w ill be sent to the Profession P o st Free on application.

H o r l i c k ’s M a lt e d M il k Co., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

— F I R S T

October, 1916.

FIRST-AID

tODEX

AID. —

Red Cross Equipment We gladly extend to those Ladies who during the war are voluntarily giving their aid to the various Nursing Organisations a courteous

A BLAND & PA IN L E S S

I (ynjIodyvl kA

— IODIN E D R E S S I N G . —

invitation to Aseptic.

Antiseptic.

our

special

Nurses

Equipment Section. I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

IO D E X has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u r g e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u r g e o n s , R ed C ro ss S u r g e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F r a n c a ls e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F r e n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilita ry H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

W e place at their complete disposal our unique know ledge of Nursing requirements, which will ensure that whatever they purchase will exactly conform with existing regulations

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating Free Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

I0DEX is sold In 1 o z. Pots, Price

and prove satisfactory in every way.

C O M P L E TE RED C R O SS O U T F I T S A L W A Y S IN S T O C K . Make a personal call or write or 'phone fo r catalogue.

1/3.

10 D E X has benefitted the fo llo w in g a n d num erous other conditions:

Hospitals Contracts

E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s i t i s , S y n o v it is , S c ia tic a , N e u r itis , G o u t, R h e u m a to id A rth ritis , H y d ro c e le . P a ra s itic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s , A cn e, B o lls , M u m p s , S p r a i n s , AND ALL IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S .

( N u r s e s ’ E q u i p m e n t S e c t i o n ) , ( D e p t . 6) . T h e “ R ed C ro s s C o a t ,”

L ite ra tu re

a p p lic a tio n t o 3 9 ,F a rrin g d o n Road, LONDON, E. C.

Menley & James, Ltd.,

General Co., Ltd.

in N a v y . S to c k e d in le n g th s 4 8 m ., s o in ., 5 2 m ., 54»n., sh in . A ll-W o o l S e rg e .. 39/6 W e s t o f E n g l a n d S e rg e 3 8 / 6

19-35, MORTIMER ST., W. 'P h o n e: M U S E U M 3140-1. Agents f o r the well-known Bendub/e Shoes.

E S T A B L IS H E D

Telegrams : “ Ray,:,cad , London."

1847.

Telephones: 33S0 W a ll & 7007 Central.

SAMUEL HESS & SON, Ltd., ~ U N IFO R M S

B A D O E S a n d S u n d r ie s of a ll k in d s for A m b u la n c e B rig a d e s ,

W E IG H T IS lb s .

British throughout.’

The G reatest of a ll T O N IC F O O D S Casein, L actalbum en , G ly ce ro p h o sp h a tes,

V ita fe r 01 proved .and

testilied

efficacy In all forms of physical and nerve w eakness.

S a m p le s , D e s c r ip tiv e B o o k le t ( g iv in g c o m p o s itio n ), T e s tim o n ia ls , e tc .,, fro m B r itis h M e d ic a l M e n o f r e p u te , b u t n e c e s s a rily w ith o u t n a m e , s e n t p o s t free o n r e c e ip t o f c a rd .

V ita fe r is p r a c tic a iiy t a s t e le s s , is v e r y re a d ily d ig e s te d a n d a b s o r b e d , a n d is t h e o n ly n o n c o n s ti p a tin g c o n c e n tr a te d food. I ts fre e d o m fro m s u g a r a n d p u r ln - p r o d u c in g s u b s ta n c e s in d ic a te s i t s u s e in d ia b e te s a n d g o u t. Sole Proprietors a n d M anufacturers ,

SO U TH A LL

BROS.

BARCLAY,

L t d .,

B IR M I N G H A M .

POSTAL READING ”

INSTRUCTION in “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.”

E veryone engaged in F IR S T above C ourses at once.

A ID

w ork should take up the

A m e m b e r o f S . J . A . B . w r i t e s : — “ I f e e l d e e p l y i n d e b t e d for the c o u r s e s o f in s tr u ct i o n r e c e i v e d , h a v e o ft e n w a n t e d t o t a k e such co u r s e s , b u t c o u l d n e v e r find w h e r e to g e t s u c h . ” (T .B .) Special te rm s n o w — h a l f f e e s — to m e m b e r s o f S . J . A . B . , & c . A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n s e r s S e c tio n o f th e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is try a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . 1874),

S t. G e o rg e ’s R oad, S o u th w a r k . L o n d o n ._______________________

FREEMANS ^ REAL TURTLE SOUP | made in a minute with | Freemans Real ^ . Turtle Cubes. F o u r in a b o x 1 /-

- F I R S T

H o w Treat

AID.

October, 1916.

do Y O U Sore Fe e t

A P r i v a t e in t h e W o r c e s t e r R e g i m e n t , w h o h a s h im self been tr e a t in g h is feet w ith S p h a g n o l, r e c e n t ly w r o te to us :— “ The Oin/ment was truly a godsend, fo r it has acted like a charm upon my feet, which have been so sore and blistered. I never hnew Ointment to give suck relief."

Spha$nol is a distillate of Peat— antiseptic and possesses re markable healing properties. Leading men in the medical profession regard it as the standard remedy for skin diseases and inflammation, and it is recom mended by a well-known surgeon as “ a v a l u a b l e F ir s t A id D r e s s in g for w o u n d s .”

Hall’s Wine j a vital help. |

Not

man

woman

but

w o u ld t a c k le the affairs o f life

I m ore ance

h e a rtily of

for

the a s s i s t

H a l l ’s W i n e .

Hall’s Wine helps Nature to help herself, by enriching the blood supply, improving digestion, feeding the nerves and creating a livelier sense of well-being. Countless doctors and members of the public have proved it. Wherever there is weakness, insomnia, nervousness, or lack of energy, there also is the urgent need for Hall’s Wine. In most cases a short course makes a wondrous difference ; in every case there is certainty of great and lasting benefit.

FREE O U T F IT . D o clo rsa n d R . A .M .C . O ffic .rs should w rile for our F ree Outfit o f S p h ag n o l P rep ara tions. This off r is m ade so that the cu ra tive p o w e rso f Sph agnol m ay be tested under personal observation.

A speedy and effec t iv e c u re for T r e n c h Sores. A n R .A .M .C officer w rites r “ M en in the tren ches are lia b le to d evelop an eczem at ous condition o f the face w h ich they call ‘ trench sores.’ I found the condition difficult to treat until I tried S ph agi.ol. N o w I can alm ost guarantee a q u ick cure i f the patient w ill use it for a cou ple o f d ay s.”

Peat Products (Sphagnol) Ltd 19a, Queenhithe, Upper Tham es St. London, E C

The Tonic Restorative G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b o ttle o f H a l l ’s W in e to -d a y . I f, a fte r ta k in g h a lf o f it, y o u feel n o re a l b e n e fit, r e t u r n to u s th e h a lf - e m p ty b o ttle , a n d w e r e f u n d o u tla y .

P ric e 3/9 L a r g e B o ttle .

O f a ll Witte Merchants , and Grocer ? and Chemists w ith W ine Licences. STEPH EN

r fH M H

S M I T H & C O ., L T D ., B O W .

46 2

October, 1916.

— F I R S T

BRITISH

RED

kPPO'HT*, A. V

^ .

| rH E

A I D . —

CROSS A u tu m n

sizes

H ats,

N avy

SOCIETY. B lu e

Felt

1, 2, 3, are n o w r e a d y .

6 s. 6d .

11s. 6 d .,

and

s h a p e ) , in

I h e y are m a d e at o u r o w n

F a c t o r y , are lig h t a n d o f g o o d q u a l i t y are

(th e n e w

and

w ith

6d .

Q uarterm asters

and

valu e.

The

extra

for

p ric e s

Box

and

P ostage.

H A T TE R S TO

H Tv!.THE ^ITSG

For

C o m m an d an ts,

prepared Price

H at

better

q u ality

w ith

O fficers sup erior

have

trimmings.

lls . 6d.

The ordinary rank and file wear the navy band edged grey, and for Commandants and other Officers the bands are navy blue edged with red. Separate bands are supplied at Is. 6d. each by post. Members Badges Is. each. The Straw Hats are always kept ready, 5 s. 6d . and 10s. 6d. NX e a l s o s u p p l y the B rigade,

6 s. 6d.

W in ter

and

C ash

H ats

lls . 6 d .,

re tu r n e d

John Ambulance 6d . e x t r a for Postage.

for the S t . w ith

not

ap p ro v ed .

S C O T T S , 1, O LD BOND S T R E E T , P IC C A D ILLY , W.

SYMPHELITE SPIRIT STOVES.

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co. BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE TRADE. L atest

P a tte r n

K haki

U n if o r m s

S p e c ia lit y .

C o n tra c to rs f o r : — S t . John Am bulance B rigade; B ritish Red Cross, & c . ; Officers and Privates; also fo r A r m y , N avy, Police and Fire Brigades.

The only safe Spirit Stove for Nursing, &c.

For MILITARY, HOSPITAL and HOME USE

8 £ N D ,~FOR J P R IC E

L IS T

AND

P ATTER N S

T O :-

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co. (F R E D

EV A N S,

P r o p r ie to r ;,

5, C l e r k e n w e l l Q r e e n , F a r r i n g d o n Ro a d , L O N D O N , E.O. Telephone— No. 2353 Holborn. Telegrams—11 Evans, Clerkenwell Green, London.”

CHOCOLATES^ Nou N ou g at M o n te le m a r I

WITH PATENT FOLDING STAND.

0 non nnn £ }U U U )U U U

N o d a n g e r in use. P R A C T I C A L in use.

1/9.

P H E L IT E

C O .,

77, C R A V E N H O U S E , K I N G S W A Y , W .C .

OJatfaid

Best Stretcher on the Market. BEST

All plated ?/9 It 3/6.

S p ecia l term s to the Trade on application to

S Y M

— th e n am e d e s c rib e s th e m

S m a l l c o s t in use. B u r n s S p i r i t or Petrol.

A M .D . o f Lo n d o n w rites : “ If the public and hospitals knew the advan tages o f this S tove, every house and hospital in the country w ould possess them. It is the on ly safe S to ve I k n o w .”

Prices 1/3

PEN NY “ DELECTA"

use ^ A l l i e d A r m i e s , in the T r e n c h e s , H u i s & H o spita ls.

Q UALITY (A S

CANVAS.

SPRING

P r ic e

£ 1

S U P P L IE D

H .M .

G E A R IN G

G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable Stretcher for Boy Scouts,

WHEELS.

5s.

1 4 s.

6d.

H E L P S (L a te P o a d , H e l p s & C o .), S t. P h il ip s B r id g e , B R IS T O L . M a k e rs ot A m b u la n c e W a g o n s a n d R e q u isite s ,

— F I R S T

October, 19*6.

A I D . —

O n F i r s t A id , M e d ic in e . S u r g e r y , a n d a ll o t h e r S c i e n tific a n d L i t e r a r y s u b je c ts.

Aids to Memory for ‘ First Aid* Students. By L. M.

F r a n k

C h r is tia n ,

A u th o r (jo in tly w ith W .R .E .) o f “ P r o b le m s

S e v e n th E d itio n n o w r e a d y .

M .B ., in

C .M .

E d in .

Sto ck po r t

:C o n n h ll &

S e c o n d -H a n d a t H a lf P r ic e s . N ew Books a t

F i r s t A i d ,” S t J o h n A m b . A sso c.

Revised to date (Sept. 1915.)

“ N o a m b u la n c e m a n n e e d e v e r fe a r h e w ill g o r u s t y if h e w ill ta k e a n o c c a s io n a l d o s e o f t h e m e n ta l m ix tu r e c o n ta in e d w ith in th e c o v e rs o f th is s p le n d id b o o k . . . c a n n o t c o n c e iv e a b e tt e r u tilis a tio n o f s p a c e , a b e tt e r tr e a tis e o n th is s u b je c t c o u ld n o t b e w r itte n . . . t h e b o o k fo r a ll, w h e th e r o ld h a n d s o r s t u d e n t s .” “ A ‘ m u ltu m in p a rv o ’ o f th e g r e a t e s t v a lu e .” P r ic e : I n C lo th , 6d. n e t— b y p o s t 7<L I n L e a th e r , 2s. n e t— b y p o s t as. a d .

D is c o u n t P r ic e s . C a t a lo g u e s e e . S t a t e w a n ts . B o o k s s e n t o a a p p r o v a l. B o o k s b o u g h t. W . & G. F O Y L E ( 21 a n d 133, C h a r in g C ro s s R o a d , L o n d o n , W .C .

BOOKS FOR LECTURERS & STUDENTS OF FIRST AID. AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

B a i l h y , L t d . , “ E x p r e s s ” O f f i c h , S t . P e t e r ’s S q u a r e ,

a n d T h e S t. J o h n A m b n la n c e A s s o c ia tio n ,

B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R , B .A ., M .B ., M .R .C .S . IIom e-N u rsin g Sim plified and T a b u lated . Post free, 7 d .

S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , L o n d o n .

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Dr. F in n y’s First Aid.

rd. 3

A Classified S eries o f F irst A id N otes and an Interleaved N o te -B o o k for A m b u lan ce Students.

By W . E. S t . L A W R E N C E F IN N Y ,

^ ^ N NET E T .

MT‘ Cuh -’ {i o n - A ss o c ‘ ° f

E d itio n R e v is e d .

B y tb e S a m e A u th o r. A Com pendium o f A id s to M em ory. Introduction b y Jam es C an tlie, F .R .C .S . Post free, v d .

O rd er

o f S t ' J o h n ’ L e c t u r e r o n 1,1151 A l d -

d .

PosXAGE * O ne P enny

“ A useful n ote-book for am bulance stu den ts.” — B r itis h M ed ica l Journ al.

THOMAS MURBY & CO., 6, BOUVERIE ST.,

LONDON, E.C.

SAFE?

It is c e r ta in ly safe to state that ’H A N M E R ’S L IF E -S A V IN G L E C T U R E S ’ are the best m ed iu m s that ever did exist for creating interest in, and raisin g fu n ds for A M B U L A N C E W O R K .

You put the C lock back one hour on O c to b e r 1st, but don't get into the h a bit of m o v in g b ack w ard s. If y o u w o u ld keep up w i t h the times, a rran ge for one of the L ecture s w ith o u t fu rther delay.

T h e L e c t u r e s w e r e g i v e n in 150 T o w n s in t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m d u r i n g la s t s e a s o n . A tribute from a member o f the Darlington Division S in g a song o f sixp en ce, H anmer’ s P ic tu r e s S h ow s, E 'e r y b o d y lik es them , everyb od y g.;es. W h en the doors are opened, the Band it doesn’ t p 'a y , But “ F irst A id e r s ’ ’ b y the score you cannot k eep aw ay. T h e m aid w as in the gard en , h an gin g out the clothes, N o w she is a Red Cross Nurse, as everyb od y know s, T e n d in g w ounded T o m m y , also sailor Jack, F irst Aid ! C are ! A tten tio n ! o f this there is no lack. T h e K in g w as on the rostrum , poin tin g w ith a stick , T o acciden ts w h ich w ill occur, the pictures^ passed so q u ick. T e a ch in g m en and w om en, the art o f Sav in g Life, E asin g Pain and S o r r o w , through this v ale o f strife.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

B y tb e S a m e A u th o r . D ifficulties in S tu d y and T reatm en t solved by Q uestion and A n sw er. R o y a l i6m o. Post free, 7 d .

THE COMPLETE

THE TRIANGULAR BANDAGE :

Its A p p lication shown by W ord s and D iagram s. H O W A R D M . P R E S T O N , Demonstrator to the Polytechnic. 116 Illus. P rice, I S . n et, postage 2d.

THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

B y t h e S a m e A u th o r. Its A p p lication show n b y W ord s and D iagram s. Price, i s . n e t., postage 2d.

JVb*.— Only working costs are charged for the Lectures. W ir e s: H an m er, A m b ula n ce, Goldthorpe.

t A Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark tJ Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 21s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

F F

O R S A L E , a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. n d . a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.______________ OR S A L E .— Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and Overcoats; samples on approval.— Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

P rin ted a n d P n b llstn d by

161 Illustrations.

AN INDEX OF FIRST-AID.

By J . M . C A R V b L L , M .R .C .S ., L .S .A .L o n d . A vade-m ecum for the A m b u lan ce W o rk e r. F ca p .8 v o . Post free, i s . 2 d .

FIRST-AID IN A FEW WORDS.

B y th e S a m e A u th o r. W ith C o lou red D iagram s. 12 pp. F old er. Paper, 2 d .

C lo th , 4 d .

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. T w e lv e in set, on R oller. separately, 2d.

Post free, 2 S . i o d . E ach D iagram 5 and 6 (coloured), 6d. each.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING. By TH EK LA

BOW SER,

F .J .I.,

Introduction b y James C antlik . F .R .C .S . Illu s. Post ic e , i s . 2 d . PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION IN CUTTING OUT & MAKING UP HOSPITAL GARMENTS FOR SICK & WOUNDED. (A pproved by the R e d Cross Society).

Illu strated .

Po-t free, I s . 2 d .

A SHORT COURSE OF PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR THE RECRUITS OF THE NEW ARMIES. By

A i LAN BRO M A N , P r ir e is . 8d p o s t free. JO H N BALE, SO N S & D A N IE L S S O N , L td ., 8 8 -9 1 , G r e a t T i t c h f l e l d S t r e e t , L o n d o n , W .

3he Jndian Jlmbulance Gazette. A Journal o f Ambulance Work in India, Burma and the East.

P ric e 2 s h illi n g s p e r a n n u m

p o st free.

P u b lish e d Q u a rte rly . C an be obtained on at/plication to the E d ito r , futog h, S im la H ills ,I n d ia P ric e 6 d . n e t.

NOTES

ON By

P o e t f r e e 70.

FIRST

AID

S id n e y

SIMPLIFIED.

Lam b.

A H an d b ook in a tabulated and sim plified form giv in g the m ain points ot first aid, so arranged as to im press them on the m em ory o f the student.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO.. Lt<b7467 Cannon StT LONDON. E.C. “ TH E FOOD -B E V E R A G E ^

Send three penny stamps for full particulars, and special “ Novelty Booklet,” to :— S e r g t . C. H A N M E R , 205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m .

MANIKIN.

System s o f B od y accurately indexed. Invaluab le to Stu den ts of A n atom y, M ed icin e, F irst-A id and A llie d Subjects. P rice 2 S . n e t ; postage, 2d.

O F T H E P E O P L E .”

V i-C o c o a — delicious, s u sta in m g, in v ig o r^ -

SX &

c A /C C & W W a tfM

FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. O c t o b e r , 1916.

Messr3. D a l b , R b t o o l d s & Co.,Ltd., 46, OanDon S t.. London, E X ., to whom ah commnuicudons should be aoasessed.

FIRST AID AN D

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited by A R T H U R

No.

269

— V o l.

XXTII. To

Our

[N ew

-----

S e rie s .]

N O V E M B E R , 1916.

GAZETTE.

DALE. [2/e p e e annum,

[E n te r td a t s t a t io n in ' H a ti.)

P o s t

F r e e

will be more than enough work for all those whose contri

Readers.

“ First Aid ” Is published on the 20th of every month. T h e A n n u al S u b scription is 2 S. 6d. post free ; sin gle copies 2 d.

bution to the common cause is the ministration to the needs of our sick and wounded.

Further, our experience

T h e E d ito r invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of

has taught us that in peace or war the ambulance organi

interest to am bulance w orkers, these should be addressed to him at 46, C annon S treet, L o n d o n , E .C .

sation of the country must always in future

A ll articles and reports must be accom panied b y the nam e and address o f the w riter, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot

main

tained at the highest possible standard of efficiency. T h e great offensive on the Somme although every

the E d itor.

where attended with brilliant successes on the part of the

Subscriptions, A d vertisem en ts and o th er business com m unications connected w ith F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers,

Allies has, as was only to be expected, been responsible for

DALE,

REYN OLDS

46, C a n n o n

C O .,

largely increasing the numbers of wounded, and although

L td .,

S tre e t,

L ondon,

E .C .

many of the injuries are slight, further advances of the kind, which are so reassuring as to the ultimate end of the struggle, must help to fill our hospitals and provide work

E D I T O R I A L .

for our ambulance workers. I n pre-war days ambulance classes were C a r r y On.

have

recently

had

statement

British

largely confined to the period of the

policy, or rather of the Allies’ policy, with regard to the

year between October and March, but

successful prosecution of the war from one of the greatest

since that memorable fourth of August when this Country

of our Statesmen.

entered the war arena there has been no cessation of

and his utterances have been as timely as they have been authoritative. N o Britisher could read such a statement and fail to realise that Mr. Lloyd George was speaking for the whole Country, aye, for all the Allied Nations. In a

activities in this connection, rather has there been a steady increase in the number of persons who have voluntarily undertaken courses of training which would equip them to render service in this titanic struggle, to do their “ bit ” in alleviating in some measure the sufferings of those who have been wounded in the fight for King and Country. Some two years ago we appealed to our men and women to carry on the good work in connection with the Am bulance Movement and at that time it was not, of course, foreseen that the struggle would be so protracted, nor that it would make such demands upon our manhood. T h e call of the Army, however, went forth for more and still more men, particularly for the combatant forces, and to-day we must look to the men over military age and the women to carry on the Movement. For some time past peace rumours have been in the air

and

many

less, chiefly less,

responsible

individuals have vouchsafed to predict the date of the cessation of hostilities.

Such prognostications must not,

however, affect progress in connection with ambulance work or restrict our activities in any other way in con

H e has spoken with no uncertain voice

brilliant speech endorsing the statement of the War Secretary, the Premier has said that the war cannot be allowed to end “ in some patched up, precarious, dis honouring compromise, masquerading under the name of peace.” In these words Mr. Asquith voices the opinion of the people for, despite hardships and sacrifices which red warfare brings in its train, we are not prepared to welcome any form of peace which does not achieve the end for which the sword has been unsheathed. W e must “ carry o n ” for some time longer and our energies must not be relaxed in any direction. T h e statements of the War Secretary and Prime Minister have done much to hearten the Nation. Such words will give renewed energy to those who are fighting our battles overseas, and we, in our turn, must do the very best we can for those who are incapaciated in the conflict by increasing our efforts in connection with the acquisition and application of that knowledge which will enable us to minister to them in their sufferings. L et the advent of the winter season 1916-7 then be

nection with the war and whenever peace may come it must

unaffected by any wild peace talk.

be remembered that for some considerable time after there

peace and deserve it while we do our duty in the War.

W e can all hope for

— F I R S T

A I D

—

November, 1916.

No. 3 District. ^ Lt».

3ihe S rand Jrio rg of the Qrder of the K ospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in Sttgland. AM BULANCE

Jhe No. 1 District. D eputy

S t.

DEPARTM EN T.

.Ambulance Brigade.

D ISTR ICT

C o m m issio n e r :

John

< ORDERS.

-------

W IN N Y. DECEMBER,

1916.

Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 3rd.— No. 11 Division, Wembley and Harlesden. City of London. „ 10th.— No. 68 „ L.B. & S.C.R. (Willow Walk). „ 17th.— No. 47 Beckton. „ 24th.— No. 40 ,. St. Mark’s. „ 31 st.— No. 10 ,. 2.30

p.m. to 5.30 p.m.

Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m.

G U AR D OF H O N O U R FOR Q U E E N A L E X A N D R A . Her Majesty Queen Alexandra was graciously pleased to accept the offer of a Guard of Honour, made by the DeputyCommissioner, with the concurrence of the Chief Commissioner, through Lord Ranfurly, on tbe occasion of her visit on “ Our D a y ” to the Alhambra Theatre, in aid of the Funds of the Joint Committee. T H E L A D Y S U P E R I N T E N D E N T IN C H IE F . Lady Perrott desires it to be known that she is no longer working at Devonshire House, and persons wishing to com municate with her should do so at her office at St. John’s Gate. C A S U A L T I E S ON A C T I V E S E R V I C E . Officers and Members in charge of Divisions are desired to communicate with this Office as soon as possible after they learn that any of their members have suffered from casualties whilst on Active Service. D I V I S I O N A L BOO KS. So far, only a few of the Divisional Books have been sub mitted to Headquarters for examination. Officers and Mem bers in charge of Divisions should arrange for their accounts to be audited and submitted to the Annual General Meetings of their Divisions to be passed. This meeting should always be held as early as possible after October 1st each year. The accounts should be audited by two members of the Division, acquainted with the proper form in which accounts should be kept. These accounts should be compared with the vouchers and the greatest possible pains taken not only to ensure that the money has actually been paid but that the ex penditure has been duly authorised, and that the money has been solely used for the recognised objects of the Brigade. The Divisional money should, if possible, be kept in a Bank, and the banking account be kept entirely separate from any other. If the accounts be found accurate, the Balance Sheet should be signed and dated by the two Auditors, by the Divisional Treasurer, and the Superintendent or Member in charge of the Division. The Balance Sheet should be pasted in the Minute Book when brought up for inspection. S P E C IA L D E P O T A T H A L K IN HOUSE. The Lady Supefintendent-in-Chief desires it to be known that early in December a special depot will be started at Lord Beauchamp’s House, Belgrave-square, where bandages and dressings will be made entirely for the Brigade Hospital. Help in making bandages, and in other ways, if desired, and further particulars can be obtained from Lady Perrott. ‘ (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y , Deputy- Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

B i r m i n g h a m . — A t the outbreak of the W a r in 1914 the Birmingham Corps readily adapted itself to the requirements of voluntary war work, and has laboured continuously ever since for the good of H.M. Forces.

Six Men’s Voluntary Aid Detachments (full strength) and 14 Women’s Voluntary Aid Detachments (many much over full strength) have been formed, and are at work. The different sections of the work are as follows :— (1) Snow Hdl Rest Station, at which, to the 21st July last, 110,631 wounded soldiers, in 809 trains, have received refresh ments. (2) There are six Voluntary Aid Detachment Hospitals, viz. : — Harborne Hall, [30 beds ; Highbury, 192 beds ; Lordswood, 54 beds ; The Norlands, 55 beds ; Sutton Coldfield, 56 beds; Moor Green House, 50 beds ; total, 532 beds. Funds for this work are liberally provided by private donors and by the workpeople of several large companies. (3) Transport Work for the 1st Southern General Hospital is being done by members of the Voluntary Aid Detachments, under their Transport Officer, the members turning out any time, day or night, whenever their services may be required. (4) District Nursing. Many members of the Nursing Divisions of the Corps have been most successfully engaged in District Nursing, and it is reported that this work is a valuable asset to the District Nursing Society which labours amongst the poor of the city. (5) A Refreshment Buffet at New-street Station is assisted by members of the corps. Large numbers of soldiers and sailors passing through Birmingham, day and night, are sup plied gratuitously with light refreshments No. 4 District. The following casualties have been reported :— Lance Corporal John Hankinson Brennan, R.A.M.C. (Southport Division), died on September 18th, 1916, at No. 31 General Hospital, Egypt. He was mobolised with the Home Hospital Reserve in August, 1914, and stationed at the Military Hospital, Lydd. Private Joseph Haywood, R.A.M.C. (Darwen Division) killed in France whilst carrying out his duties as a stretcher bearer. Private James Richmond, R.A.M.C. (Blackburn Division), attached to the 25th Field Ambulance, serving in France, was killed outright by shell fire whilst removing wounded from the trenches, September 14th, 1916. Captain E. S. B. Hamilton, R.A.M.C., has been awarded the Military Cross. Captain Hamilton is Divisional Surgeon, Manchester Corps. The Military Medal has been awarded to Sergeant James Cropper (Bredbury and Romily Division), of the Cheshire Regiment. Sergeant Cropper has been twice mentioned in the despatches, the first occasion for rendering first aid to a wounded man whilst in action, and the second occasion for procuring valuable information and discovering two enemy mines. The Local Tribunal for Oldham have stipulated that a number of men in certified occupations, who have been given conditional exemption from military service, should join the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The efficiency of the Oldham Corps has no doubt prompted the Tribunal to make this stipu lation, and the Corps Superintendent (J. Wilkinson, Esq., M.D.) and the Corps Secretary (S. G. Halbert, Esq.) are doing very excellent work in training these men. Each man is sup plied with a membership card for production to the Military Authorities showing what attendances he makes. C a m m e l l L a i r d C o r p s . — An interesting event took place at Messrs. Cammell Laird’s yard, where Mrs. G. J. Carter presented the certificates and medallions to the corps, also at the same time declaring open the new ambulance room which has been erected at the south-west corner of the works. The corps assembled in front of the general office shortly after five o’clock, with Mr. Johnson, the superintendent, in command. Mr, and Mrs. G. J. Carter inspected the men, and expressed

November,. 1916.

— F I R S T

their keen admiration for the corps’ smart military appearance and general efficiency. Mr. G. J. Carter, who addressed the corps, said it was the first time he had been privileged to see them mustered in their new uniform, and he must compliment them on their smart military appearance. He wished to tell them that evening that it was not only his personal desire, but the feeling of every member of the firm, that everything that could possibly be done to an employee of the firm who had met with an accident should be done, and he felt sure that the corps would do it. A remarkable coincidence had happened that evening, and it was in connection with a boiler department employee who had collapsed. He had it on the authority of Dr. Wyse that if the man had not been subjected to artificial respiration he would have succumbed. It reflected great credit on Mr. Johnson, the corps superintendent, and his three assistants, and he also felt he could not sit down without thanking Dr. Wyse for the unflagging interest he took in the welfare of the corps. No. 6 District. H u l l . - - T he Corps has issued its syllabus of meetings for 1916-17. It contains the list of fixtures of all the. divisions of the corps and much other information. W e believe it is the only thing of its kind published in the Brigade, and other corps would do well to publish something of a similar character. No. 11 District. D o w l a i s . — Mr. S. Jones, Inspector of Stores of the Dowlais Corps has invented an underground ambulance car riage for use in mines. The chief feature of which he explained at a meeting held at Dowlais on October 19th. The carriage is lightly built and well protected. If a stone

Pholo by) In sp e ctio n

AID. —

N oted

F ir m .

.!/• N eavcs.

V . A . D . ’s b y S u r g . - G e n e r a l J e n c k e n a t G u n n e r s b u r y P a r k .

fell upon the roof the patient, whilst upon the stretcher, would be immune from accident. It has folding shutters all round the carriage with which the ventilation of the carriage can be arranged, and also the patient attended to. The stretcher can be put in at either end of the carriage, as the doors open out both ends. Under the carriage proper springs are arranged to absorb the shock. Mr. Jones has thought the matter of a con trivance of this kind over for a very long period, and he hopes and believes that he has now succeeded in solving it, and that it would prove a boon to any person who is unfortnnate enough to be injured.

IHORLICKSMaltcdMilkl ! Cocoa and Healthful J j Also HORLICKS M.M. packet Chocolate . ^of tl Chemists ant Grocers

T im e

D o u b t l e s s the firm of Messrs. Hobson & Sons, Arm y and Territorial Contractors, of Tooley-street, London, S.E., is well known to the majority of readers of F i r s t A i d , but to those who do not come within that category perhaps the following information will prove interesting. Messrs. Hobson & Sons are manufacturers of every description of military uniforms, caps, helmets, leather accoutrements, gold and silver lace and embroidery, and the output from week to week is enormous. From the clothing factory emanate service dress uniforms for the War Office, special pattern jackets for the Australian Forces, riding pants for tbe War Office, uniforms for the British Red Cross Society, St. John Am bulance Association and various tramways ; also for the Crown Agents for the Colonies and the British South African Co. In fact it might be added that the firm’s clothing is worn wherever the British flag flies— a big space in the sun ! In the headdress department caps of all sorts for the War Office and Admiralty are manufactured, together with the latest approved pattern gas masks. T b is factory, situate at Woolwich, further produces all kinds of canvas articles, such as mess tin covers, kit-bags, etc. T h e leather accoutrement department is engaged at the present moment in making brown leather accoutre-

[C . M id d le se x

W ar

ments, pistol and ammunition cases for both the War Office and the Admiralty, and also has large orders on hand for officers’ “ Sam Browne ” belts. Another feature of the firm is the lace department, which is connected with the head office in Lexington-street, Golden-square, London, W., and which produces for the War Office all embroidered titles which T o m m y Atkins sports on his jacket. Worsted and gold embroidered badges are also made here on Admiralty instructions, for the requirements of sailors and petty officers. T h e firm also weaves, gold, silver and worsted laces for all branches of the service, and, altogether, is keeping a good end up in the “ Great War.” During the last quarter the electro-mobile ambulances of the C ity Police were used on 483 occasions, as com pared with 638 in the corresponding period of last year.

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOH N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

November

1916.

THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. The

M ech an ics By

W IL L IA M

of R.

C irc u la tio n . EDW ARDS.

( Continued froin page 66.) E x p e r i m e n t s have shown that the heart of a mammal will continue to beat for some time after it has been com pletely removed from the body, and a perfectly rhythmic activity may be kept up for hours by suitable injections into the coronary arteries. This proves that the heart’s beat is caused by something in the heart muscle itself. A s a fact, a kind of local miniature brain, consisting of what are known as “ ganglian cells ” is distributed to certain parts of this muscle. Although the heart would continue to beat without any help from sources outside itself, it is neces sary that its work be adapted to the requirements of the body as a whole. For this reason its automatic mechanism is placed under the control of two outside influences, of which one can increase its activity and the other can reduce it. T h e former influence has its origin in the sympathetic ganglia in the upper dorsal region of the vertebral column, and the latter comes through the Vagus nerve from the “ Medulla Oblongata,” which is situate in the cranium. T h e movements of the heart muscle are performed in a series of “ cardiac cycles,” each of which occupies

2. In the next tenth of a second the auricle contracts and sends a further quantity of blood into the ventricle. 3 The remaining three-tenths of a second are occupied by the contraction of the ventricle. T h e valve between the auricle and the ventricle closes, the valve guarding the artery opens and about two ounces of blood are forced into the artery— aorta from the left ventricle, pulmonary from the right. Meanwhile the auricle is filling. As soon as the blood pressure in the artery exceeds that in the ventricle the semi-lunar valve closes, the muscle of the ventricle is relaxed, the. pressure in the auricle be comes greater than in the ventricle, the valve between the two opens and blood flows in. It will thus be seen that in each cardiac cycle blood flows into each auricle for seven-tenths of a second and into each ventricle for five-tenths, and that while the ventricles are closed against the blood in the auricles for three-tenths of a second the auricles are closed against the veins for only one-tenth. T n e period during which the auricles and ventricles are receiving blood is known as the diastole of these cham bers respectively and the time during which they are con tracting is called their systole. As the auricles before they contract do not retain the whole of the blood that enters them they are somewhat smaller than the ventricles which do not allow the outward passage of any blood until they contract. T h e walls of the chambers of the heart are thick in proportion to the work they have to do, consequently those of the auricles are thin, while those of the ventricles are thick, especially in the case of that on the left side, the thickness of which is four times as great as that of its fellow. In general terms it may be stated that the uses of each auricle are :— 1. T o collect the contents of the several veins enter ing it, and to pass them on through one channel to the ventricle. 2. T o reduce the time of interruption of flow of blood in the veins in the neighbourhood of the heart. 3. T o maintain a supply of blood in readiness to pass to the ventricle as soon as the valve between the two chambers opens, thus expediting the filling of the ventricles. T h e walls of an artery consist of three coats.

1. T h e inner coat, composed of flat cells of various shapes, held together by a bed of delicate tissues, outside which is an elastic perforated layer. 2. T h e middle coat which is muscular, the muscular F ig. 6 .— D ia g r a m I l l u s t r a t i n g t h e A c t io n o f t h e fibres being arranged both in rings and lengthwise. H e a r t ( l e f t s i d e ). 3. T h e outer coat, which consists of connective tissue v, v, Pulmonary veins ; aur, auricle ; m, mitral v a l v e ; and elastic fibres. vent, ventricle ; s, semilunar valve ; a, aorta ; A, shows Systole Over these there is a sheath. Owing to its structure of auricle and Diastole of ventricle ; B, shows Diastole of an artery can shorten and contract in diameter. auricle and Systole of ventricle. In all the larger arteries blood is supplied to these about eight-tenths of a second. T h e course of events, walls by capillaries, called vasa vasorum (the vessels of the which take place practically simultaneously in each side of vessels), which arise from a branch of the artery itself or the heart during this period are :— from a neighbouring artery. V ery small veins carry the 1. In the first half of the cycle (four-tenths of a blood away. second) the blood is flowing into the auricle and ventricle ; Not only is the action of the heart regulated by nerves during this time the heart muscle is relaxed. outside its substance so that the requirements of the body

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as a whole may receive an appropriate quantity of blood, but the local supply to the various organs and parts is also adjusted through the agency of what are known as vaso motor nerves, with which the arteries (but not the veins) are supplied. A t some times certain organs require an additional supply of blood to enable them to perform additional work. For example after a meal the organs of digestion have much to do and therefore demand more blood. A t such times the vaso motor nerves cause the small arteries supplying these organs to enlarge, with the result that they offer less resistance to the passage of blood which consequently flows more freely into them. This increased supply necessarily reduces the amount of blood available for other parls of the body, so indicating the desirability of rest after a. heavy meal. As the propelling action of the heart causes an inter mittent flow like that from an ordinary pump instead of a continuous stream like that from a turbine, the flow of blood all over the body would be intermittent were it not for the following reasons. 1. T h e rapidity with which each other.

the heart beats succeed

2. T h e elasticity and powers ot contraction of the arteries, coupled with the fact that these vessels are always to full as to keep their walls somewhat stretched. Owing to the elasticity of the arteries’ walls, they stretch a little more as each beat of the heart forces blood against them, and as the blood passes on they contract and give back the pressure of the heart which they absorbed when stretching. A similar principle has been adopted in the construc tion of such things as scent sprays, which are provided with two elastic bulbs. T h e bulb which one squeezes corre sponds with the ventricle, and the second one with the elastic artery. 3. T h e resistance in the small arteries and in the capillaries. As a result, the flow of blood in the veins would have become quite even, or at least not appreciably irregular, were it not for other influences, which will be explained later. A s blood is forced by the heart into the arteries their alternate expansion and contraction, at first close to the heart then further and further away from it, set up a wave called the pulse. T his wave travels at the rate of about 30 feet a second, and may be felt wherever an artery comes sufficiently near to the surface and passes over a bone. I f the finger of one hand is placed on the posterior tibial artery at the ankle, and the beat of the heart or the pulse of the femoral artery at the groin is felt at the same time with the other hand, the wave will be observed appre ciably later at the ankle than at the groin or heart. A keen observer might also notice the wave in the common carotid at the neck earlier than in the temporal in front of the ear. T his wave must not be considered as indicating the rapidity of the flow of blood as a whole, any more than the rate at which waves roll in to the shore indicate the speed of the tide. T h e diameter of the aorta is rather less than an inch and-a-quarter and as this artery divides its branches are together greater in size than the parent trunk. To appreciate the relative size of blood vessels it is, however, desirable to consider what is called the “ l u m e n ” of the vessel rather than the diameter. If a blood vessel is cut across a “ transverse s e c t io n ” will be obtained, and the area of this section within the walls is called the lumen. T o calculate the area of the lumen take eleven-fourteenths of the square of the diameter in inches and the area of the

JOHN

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G A Z E T T E .—

lumen in square inches willbe found. T h e lumen o f an inch tube is approximately 7 9 square inches, of a 2-inch tube 4 times as much, i.e., 3 ' i 4 square inches, o f a 3-inch tube 9 times as much, i.e., 7 07 square inches, and so on, the size of the lumen increasing in proportion to the square of the diameter. T h e lumen of the aorta is approximately 1 '13 square inches. On leaving the left ventricle of the heart the aorta first ascends ; it then assumes the shape of an arch and descends almost vertically. It is divided by anatomists into three parts, (r) the arch, which consists of the ascending part, the crown of the arch and as much of the descending part as reaches to the lower border of the body of the fifth dorsal vertebra, (2) the thoracic aorta, extending downwards to the aortic opening in the diaphragm, (3) the abdominal aorta, reaching from the diaphragm to the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, where it divides into the two common iliac arteries. T h e first branches given oft by the aorta are the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle. If they received the full force of the discharge of the blood from the left ventricle the shock would be too great, and to guard against this, as the aortic valve opens two o f its semi-lunar membranes cover the orifices of these arteries, thus delaying the influx of blood into them until the pressure in the aorta is reduced. From the arch of the aortaare also thrown off the in nominate artery which divides into the right subclavian and the right common carotid arteries which respectively with their continuations and branches supply blood to the right upper limb and the right side of the head, also the left common carotid artery to supply the left side of the head, and the left subclavian artery to supply the left upper limb. From the thoracic aorta a number or branches are given off, amongst which should be mentioned the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs with arterial blood, as, of course, their tissues require nourishing like any other part of the body and cannot be satisfied with venous blood conveyed by the pulmonary arteries. T h e lungs, therefore, have two distinct sets of blood vessels. Am ongst the branches of the abdominal aorta the phrenic arteries are interesting as their course is directed upwards at an acute angle to supply the diaphragm, instead of what might appear to be the more simple arrangement of providing the diaphragm with blood from branches of the thoracic aorta. T h e cceliac axis is also curious ; it is a short thick trunk about half an inch in length which arises from the abdominal aorta and at once gives off three branches (in addition to sometimes the phrenic arteries), viz., the gastric artery to the stomach, the splenic artery to the spleen and the hepatic artery to the liver. T h e renal arteries, which leave the abdominal aorta somewhat below the codiac axis, are worthy of special notice, not only for their size which is considerable, but more particularly because they carry blood to the kidneys, in order that urea and other nitrogenous waste products may, together with surplus water, be excreted from the body as urine by the agen cy of the kidneys, the ureters and the bladder. In 24 hours about 50 ounces of urine, containing rather more than an once of urea and nearly as much of nitrogenous solids are excreted from the body. T h e great terminal branches, the common iliacs, divide to supply, amongst other parts, the lower limbs, while the aorta itself is continued as the comparatively small middle sacral artery, about the size of a crow’s quill, to the coccyx. In an animal with a tail this artery is important as it serves to nourish that appendage.

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A study of the branches of the aorta in different sub jects reveals many differences in detail. In some instances a pair of branches supplies a part and in others as many as half a dozen pairs are provided for the same object. Sometimes a pair of branches arises direct from the main trunk, sometimes a single short branch intervenes. In fact there are so many variations that it is difficult in the case of some of the branches to select any one variety as the normal one. T h e great fundamental basis on which the blood vessels are constructed is, however, except in rare instances, the same, and it is only in matters of minor im portance that divergencies from the normal type are found. T h e functions of the arteries in the systemic circu lation are to carry blood rich in oxygen and nutriment to the capillaries of the tissues and nitrogenous waste to the kidneys In the process of sub division the lumens of the various branches have so far increased in aggregate that by the time the arteries have become capillaries the total size of the capillaries in the systemic circulation is no less than a thousand times as great as that of the aorta, notwith standing that each capillary is so small as to be quite invisible to the naked eye. It was the smallness of the capillaries that hindered the discovery of the circulation of blood, as before the microscope was invented anatomists were unable to establish the connection betwenn the small arteries and the small veins. T h e diameter of a capillary is estimated to be about one three thousandth part of an inch, and a striking example of the importance of consider ing the lumen and not the diameter of a blood-vessel when comparing size is now afforded. Instead of 3,0c o capil laries being equal in size to an artery with an inch diameter, it would take 9,000,000 to achieve this result, and as the lumens of the capillaries are together a thousand times as great as that of the aorta, there must be in the systemic circulation alone over ten thousand million (10,000000) capillary channels. T h e capillaries are arranged as a network, and their course is sometimes away from and sometimes towards the heart. T h e lumen of a capillary does not vary as it pro ceeds along its course, though capillaries are larger in some regions than in others. T h e largest are found in the skin and marrow of the bone, and the smallest, in which there is only room to allow the passage of one blood corpuscle at a time (and even then the corpuscle must change its shape to squeeze through), are those of the brain and of the mucous membrane of the intestines. T h e length of a capillary channel varies greatly in different tissues. T h e arteries are separated from the veins sometimes by a very small fraction of an inch and some times by as much as three inches or possibly more. T h e walls of capillaries are extremely delicate, and numerous perforations in them allow of the free exchange of gases and fluids. Corpuscles also pass in and out. T h e blood reaches the capillaries of the systemic circulation rich in oxygen and nutriment which it exchanges for car bonic acid gas and waste material to be carried to the capillaries of the lungs and kidneys for expulsion from the body. After its passage through the capillaries the blood is collected by small veins which increase in size by being joined by others. T h e veins of the head, neck, upper limbs and chest eventually join as the superior vena cava ; those of the lower limbs, pelvis and abdomen pass to the inferior vena cava, and those of the heart muscle enter the right auricle through the coronary sinus. {T o be co n tin u ed ).

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

November, 1916.

E x p e rie n c e

D u rin g

V .A D .’s

R e tire m e n t

th e

of th e M o n te n e g rin A rm y . {C o n tin u e d fro m pag e 6 8 .)

A x Shahoritza we were shown nine Turkish houses as being suitable for a hospital. W e condemned these on the s p o t ; each house consisted of two rooms, the floors had large gaps between the boards, and below were stables— the less said about these places the better, the smell is still with me ! T h e last building was the school, a three-roomed struc ture on the main road. T w o rooms had broken windows and no stoves, the third was disgustingly dirty but had a stove. Orders were given to clean this at once and to sup ply us with two tables and a chair and lamp. Labour being difficult to obtain, the policemen went out and commandeered women and compelled them to work, their payment being a loaf of impossible black bread. T h e method of cleaning a room is not one which would commend itself to the English house-wife. T h e women stand barefooted in the room and pour bucket after bucket of water over the floor, they then brush the floor with a broom made of some shrub, and coax the water down various holes by the sides of the w a ll; by the time the floor is so-called washed, there is about three inches of water underneath. When the floor is drying, and even when it looks dry, the cold and damp sort of atmosphere is very trying. Such was our lot at Shahoritza. T h e authorities gave us two tables— rather groggy ones— three chairs more than groggy, and a broken lamp. A t 7 o’clock the orderly porter with the Austrian prisoners arrived, and our stores, also two camp beds, which we got out. I arranged a meal which we all thoroughly enjoyed. T h e doctor was very good, and never com plained of hunger once, though, like myself, he had no food (one cannot count 3 minute cups of Turkish coffee as food) since mid-day the day before. W e all slept in the same room that night and the next, but the damp and cold of the room prevented our actually sleeping at all. On Saturday we all worked hard from early morn till late at night trying to get the place in order for the wounded, which were supposed to start arriving on Sunday, the remainder of the unit had been sending them off on the Friday and Saturday as transport came in. Sunday, the 21st, the wounded began to arrive at Shahoritza, some walking, some on pack horses, and the serious cases on sleighs. All had, considering all things, stood the journey very well, but they were exhausted and badly needed attention. Ab out 120 arrived that day and we were re-dressing and attending to their wants until 10.30 p.m. All our stores were hopelessly lost at Phevlie. The authorities had no transport available, all having been taken for the army, so we were lucky to save the little we did. Tuesday, November 23rd, news came we were to evacuate Shahoritza to make for Cettinje, and we were asked to send stores, pots, pans, kettles, food stuffs, luggage, etc., piled on to 11 sle ighs; we were told we would have to walk a matter of 18 hours over impossible sort of places. I saw, however, a sort of buggy outside our school house, and suggested it was for us, so three V. A . D ’s. and the doctor got in. Unluckily the carriage had not been meant for our party at all, but the driver had had orders to drive some people to Biepolje, and so he took us there, a good way out of our direction, but no matter. A t B iep o lje we felt stranded, so we went to call upon the Prefect, who turned

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out to be quite an old friend from Phevlie. T h e Prefect spoke a little French, so I did the talking. We were informed that it was impossible to get on that night, but that pack-horses should be provided for us at 6 a.m. the next day. W e were well housed that night and were most comfortable. N ext day we had to get up at s o’clock, and started off at dawn on the pack horses, which is really a mild form of torture. We could travel but slowly, our horses were sorry sights and evidently very starved. W e reached Moikovatz at 2 o’clock and rested in a hut for one hour while the horses had a feed. A t 3 o’clock on again— the passes were really almost impassable, at times we had to walk for safety’s sake ; had anyone told me that I should ever ride down or up such precipices I should have thought them insane. T h e passes were just wide enough to allow us to go single file, one false step, and in some places it would mean the last step. M y fate was nearly decided that day. It was about 6.30 p.m., we had then been in the saddle since 6 a.m. (except for one hour); it was very dark and the passess more dangerous. W e came to one bit where the recent bad weather had caused a land-slip, my horse slipped at a critical moment and went sliding down this bank. Below us, 20 feet, was the river tearing down its course at a tremendous pace. I had presence of mind to swing my left foot clear of the stirrup and press myself, on the loose bank, the doctor was driving behind me. He, seeing my danger, jumped off and caught me by the arm and tugged at me until he eventually pulled me free from the horse and got me up. For the moment I was much shaken, it had been a near thing, and had I been riding in the rear should not now be writing this. T h e pony, with difficulty, was rescued and on we went; it was a nightmare of a ride. There were we perched up on these narrow mountain passes not being able to see the ground, while many feet below were the rushing torrents. VVe had to go on until 8.30, and when we reached Kolashin, we were all very cold and tired and also hungry— we had had but one meal that day, 2 p.m., bully beef, biscuits and jam. Some member of the Montenegrin R ed Cross met us and conducted us to our quarters. T h o s e quarters are indescriable. T h e outer room was dirty beyond words and the floor was covered with rags which the refugees had brought with them that day. In vain we begged for other quarters. Personally, hungry as I was, I could not touch the awful looking meal prepared for us— to eat native food one should certainly not see where it comes from or how prepared. I swallowed a raw egg, and the others did not get through much. We were conducted upstairs; downstairs was bad enough, but at least it was warm ; upstairs there was one very dirty, icy cold room, a huge hole in the ceiling in two places, and the plaster continually falling, a large hole in the floor which let in the air from the street, no stove, one horridlooking bed, a cask full of smelly cheese, and a chest full of clothes, boots and a sticky pudding. W e had exactly what we stood in— no brush, comb, soap or anything. We were indeed a forlorn-looking party. W e three V . A . D . ’s tried to sleep on the floor, but no one not could sleep, and there was a good supply of insects of the worst kind. T h e next day was bitterly cold. We visited the tem porary hospital and found some of our ex-patients already th e r e ; they were the less serious cases, and had walked. I begged for a stove for our cold room, and was given one by the R ed Cross authorities. T w o days later some baggage arrived; and we began to look like more respectable beings. I was the “ Martha ”

JOHN

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of the happy home, and as such was far from popular with the unit in general and the landlady in particular. We spent twelve days in Kolasin, and the weather most part of the time was terrible. It was very dull and the few papers and books were soon read, and we had but little to do. T h e delay in our journey was caused by the breakdown of bridges and the non-appearance of two motors which Podgoritza promised to send for us. Eventually the roads were mended and we awaited the cars, when word came that Podgoritza had no more petrol. W e managed, with the Sirdar’s help, to procure two carts for baggage and two buggies for us. W e were told to be up at 5 a.m. to start at dawn, but, as usual, no transport arrived. A t 8 a.m., however, we got off. Between Kolashin and Porgoritza there is a first rate road, and the scenery is gorgeons, especially in one part where the roads wind down with sort of hair-pin turns. It was a fine day and not too cold, so we looked forward to an enjoyable day. We had quite the reverse. Ab out three miles outside Kolashin we came upon the remnant of the 2nd Serbian Army, and for the rest of that day we had to pass this sad procession of weary, sick men, starving lame animals, tiny children, sick women, old men and women— all looking too utterly miserable for words. All along the road were dead and dying horses and cattle, and one’s heart ached for the suffering, physical and mental, of these poor people. T o eat seemed cruel, as every man looked thin and hungry, and we only had a few biscuits with us. One poor chap begged me to give him some bread ; I only had the biscuits, and gave him my share, but this was only half-adozen. W e travelled from 8 30 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. with these people, and then put up for the night at an inn. Podgoritza was reached next day. It is really not a bad sort of town, at least I feel sure it is so in peace time, but then it was crowded with people from the whole country, not to mention Serbians. W e women were placed in a large room, not at all clean, in a hotel, and a very nice Scotchman housed the three men. T h e Serbian Army was camped round the town in thousands. We used to wander about amongst them, and saw many sad sights. W e spent five days at Podgoritza, then were told to get up at 5 a.m. the next day for the usual early start, which also did not take place. However, by this time we were used to getting up when other people were retiring to rest, and then having to wait hours before anything happened. I was not sorry to leave Podgoritza ; our room was over the public bar, and the soldiers spent the whole of the nights there fighting and quarrelling; the most thrilling night I slept through the whole thing, but other nights were bad enough, and the row never ceased for one minute. T h e morning of our start we were ready at 6 a.m., and eventually got away at 11.30. Our next stage was supposed to be Scutari, but when we arrived in an open oil motor trolley at the north end of the Lak e of Scutari there was such a fearful gale blowing that no boat could go. It was a very hopeless sort of place to be stranded in Plavoritza, mud up to our knees every where, and seemingly nowhere to rest. A little wind almost cut one in two. There were about forty nurses from Mrs. Stobart’s mission in the same plight as ourselves, six of whom were really ill— one felt sorry for them beyond words. Hav ing wandered up and down in the mud for some two hours, a hut with one room was found, and eventually twelve women slept on the floor there. T h e men and other members of the Stobart mission shared a granary with the r a ts ; I fancy their slumbers were much disturbed. We were once again ordered up at 6 a.m., our ablutions were

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performed in a muddy stream by the roadside, and at 7 a.m. we proceeded to the landing stage where our boat awaited us. W e were then told that we could not move off until some Serbian General and Staff had arrived, so, as usual, we pre pared for a long and dreary wait. Luckily, it was a gor geous day and quite warm, and though the stones were hard and dirty, the time did not seem long. During the whole morning streams of people arrived on the little quay. It was a sorry crowd in one way, and one’s heart ached for the misery brought upon the country. (T o be continued .)

N o tes

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N ew s.

T h e following is an extract from one of Mr. Rudyard K ipli ng’s articles on “ T h e Battle of Jutland,” which are now appearing in the Daily Press :— “ T h e lower deck nowadays is full of strange fish, with unlooked for accomplishments, as in the recorded case of two simple seamen of a destroyer who, when need was sorest, came to the front as trained experts in first aid.” What better proof can there be in support of our con tention that every soldier and sailor should be instructed in the elements of first aid ? y

T h e Central Executive Committee has decided that candidates who have obtained a certificate in cookery from any recognised body should be encouraged to have the fact recorded on their H o m e Nursing Certificate by applying to headquarters. *

Members of the Brigade up to 50 years of age, and those who have been passed by the local military Medical Board as Class B2, if fit in every respect, are eligible for enrolment in the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, volunteers for which will be required in the near future. Th o s e accepted by the Admiralty will receive a certificate stating that they have been enrolled in the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve and are liable for service in the Royal N avy when called upon. T h e y will be sum moned when required by the Director-General of the Medical Department of the N avy through the C hief C o m missioner of the Brigade. *

A proposal to convert the Belfast Centre of the Association into a Centre for the whole of Ulster was dis cussed at the annual meeting which was held on the 7th inst., and was largely attended. T h e discussion was opened by the Earl of Ranfurly, Director of the Ambulance Department, and the proposal was unanimously adopted. It will be remembered that attention has been drawn in these columns to the vast amount of work which has been done in the Belfast Centre, a large part of the credit for which is due to the honorary secretaries, Miss Henderson and Dr. Leslie. It is therefore most satisfactory to learn that both will remain in office under the new regime. ***

It is notified for information that the Central Joint V . A . D . Committee has decided that special service proba tioners after seven months’ probation may, if recommended by the matron of the hospital in which they are serving, enter for an examination in either First A id or H o m e

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GAZETTE. —

November, 1916

Nursing without attending any course of instruction in these subjects, and, if successful, receive certificates in the same manner as members who have attended lectures.

T h e G ra n d P rio ry of th e O rder of the H o sp ita l of S t. J oh n of J e r u s a le m in E n g l a n d . C h an cery o f the O rd e r, S t. fo h n ’s G a te , C lerken w e/t, Lo n d o n , E .C ., A u g u st 1 5 th , 1916. His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :— A s K n ig h ts o f G ra ce : The Duke of Bedford. Captain the Hon. Henry Brougham. Sir Edward Walter Edward Davidson, K.C.M.G. George Bury (from Esquire). John Fosbery Orde, K.C. (from Honorary Associate). George Burn. James Wilson Robertson, C.M.G. A s L a d ie s o f G ra c e : Margaret Agnes, Lady Davidson. Mary Evelyn, Lady McMahon. Janet, Lady Tupper. Mary Jean, Mrs. Henry Croft. A s E s q u ire s . Captain Angus Alexander Macintosh of Mackintosh. Anthony Douglas MacTier. Hon. Lieut.-Colonel Charles Walsh Rowley. William Doig Robb. Albert Holden Abbott, B.A., Ph.D. A s H o n o ra ry S e rv in g B ro th e rs : George Frederick Hussey, J.P. A s H o n o ra ry A sso ciates : Mary Augusta, Mrs. Ford. Lieut.-Colonel Fred Harvey, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., I.M.S.

C a n a d ia n

B ranch

S .J .A .A .

T h e last annual meeting of the Canadian Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association held on February 24th, 1916, was honoured by the presence of His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, the Governor-General to the Dominion, and Grand Prior of the Order. His Royal Highness, in congratulating the meeting on the progress which had been made in the last six years, during which period some 39,000 certificates had been issued, referred to the loyal manner in which the Associa tion had recognised, owing to the fact that its war work is subsidiary to its peace work, that it should subordinate its efforts for the relief of the sick and wounded in time of war to the direction of the Canadian R ed Cross Society, whose work is essentially connected with the war. T h e ungrudg ing support of the Association had to a large extent enabled the Canadian R e d Cross Society to do what had been done. His Royal Highness also expressed gratification at the work the Association had undertaken in connection with the instruction of those proceeding to the Front in the elements of first aid. In this connection is is interesting to note that the

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Department of Militia and Defence gladly accepted the sug gestion of the Canadian General Executive Committee in the matter, and as a result specially qualified instructors, hold ing the rank of Quartermaster-Sergeant in the Army Medical Corps, and paid as such, were employed in each area for the work in question. T h e Chapter-General of the Order waived the copyright of the Association’s First Aid textbook in order that the instruction might be the more efficiently rendered by the issue in pamphlet form of extracts therefrom. T h e Canadian Branch of the Association may now be said to have extended its influence throughout the Dominion. Provincial Councils are established in Alberta,

AMBULANCE

The

C a n a d ia n By

L ad y

GAZETTE. -

MRS.

V .A .D .

U n it.

HENDERSON,

Divisonal Superintendent of the Montreal Central Nursing Division— Matron-in-Charge of Canadian Volunteer Probationary Nurses.

W h e n the history of the present war is written, many dates will stand out as marking the important events : but, to sixty Canadian young women there will be nothing to overshadow the Sixteenth of September, 1916. For on that day there sailed from Montreal the V . A . D . unit the

first to leave Canada. N o gift from the new land to the Mother Cou ntry has ever been given more whole-heartedly than was this offering for service on the part of the Canadian women volunteers in whichever hospital needed their assistance. T o H R .H . the Duchess of Co nnaught had come a request from the Comm an dant-in-C hief of the joint W o m en ’s V . A . D . Department for “ Sixty young women possessing the necessary qualifications to serve as pro bationary nurses in the Military Hospitals in England. Throu gh the Assistant Commissioner of the St. John ’s Ambulan ce Brigade overseas for the District of Ontario that request was sent out to the different Detachments and Nursing Divisions. There was no lack of response. From St. John, N.B . to Victoria, B.C., there was the same enthusiasm displayed as, when in 1914, the (now famous) Princess Patricias rallied to the call. “ Only sixty ” 1 H ow anxiously the mail was waited for during those days of su spen se! H ow many had to smile and congratulate their fortunate sisters when the final decision had been made ! and those who were selected to go forward began to doubt the reality of such honour having fallen to their lot. However, six weeks from the time the call was made, there was a Detachment mobilised in Montreal, coming there from the different centres drawn on from coast to coast. Sixty grey-uniformed young women, wearing very proudly their Cross of St. John — and with all equipment in order— at dawn on September 16th sailed away with their

Hon. S i r

L. H. D

a v ie s

K .C M G ,

P.C.,

P re s id e n t o f the C a n a d ia n B ra n c h , S f .A .A , 1914-15.

British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, N ova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan, and flourishing centres have for some years been doing exceptional work on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Grand T runk railway, and Intercolonial and Prince Edward Island Railways. As a proof of the friendly relations which exist between the Association in Cana da and the Canadian R e d Cross Society, it should be noted that to the Association belongs the credit of organising the Ottawa and Ottawa V alle y Branch of the Canadian R ed Cross Society, possibly the strongest branch of that organi sation in the Dominion.

W h en corresponding w ith A dvertisers please mention “ First Aid ”

Matron-in-Charge. Some had already tasted the jo y of service in the several Convalescent H omes in Canada, others possessed the certificates which enabled them to make up the Detachment— all with a sense of great importance and a weird feeling that somehow they belonged to the great scheme of things back of which are “ T h e A r m y ,” and the War Office, and other awe-inspiring names. Being the first Detachm ent to leave Canada, the fact had been made an excuse for several social functions, the last being a dinner at “ T h e Windsor H otel ” just previous to sailing. Several representatives of St. John ’s Ambulance, R e d Cross, Patriotic Fund, and Hospitals Commission were present, and a message from H R H. the Duchess of Con na ught was read, wishing the Detachm ent “ G o d speed,” and an uneventful journey across to England, where they would find a hearty welcome. Life on shipboard is not usually dull, and this trip was no exception in spite of rules and regulations. A particu larly calm sea made it possible to thoroughly enjoy the voyage. T h e n came the little taste of danger— darkened ship, life-belts, drills— all quite thrilling at first, but becom ing quite commonplace after a day or so. A few days of dicipline, learning that o rd ers were o rd e rs,

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a general settling down to being only one of a great whole, and the new recruits began to assume that air of responsi bility so absolutely necessary to the woman who is to help in the caring for our sick and wounded men. N o t a sight-seeing trip, but an opportunity for good training. Brought daily into contact with thirty-five C . A . M . C . Sisters was of great advantage to the embryo probationer nurse. A s they drew near the shores of England, coming alongide with Canadian troopships, and around about the Watch D ogs of the Sea, the Canadian who did not thrill with pride at being something even more than Canadian, had no place in the group of eager-eyed V . A . D . ’s who helped make the air ring with cheers for all our N avy meant to the world. A t last E n g la n d ! W h a t w elcom e a iv a its these V .A .D .'s ! A re they needed I Is it m erely to be g ive n w o rk no E n g lis h g ir l w ill do ? These questions frame up mentally as there is called to mild statements such as the above, which have been pessimistically thrust upon the Detachment. O n reaching Liverpool everything was done to make a quick landing possible, and after keen scrutinity of pass ports and identification letters, the “ grey sisters ” jfollowiug closely on the heels of the “ blue sisters,” are soon in the sheads, where they are met with what was new to many— the claiming of luggage. After identifying our hundred and twenty p ieces, relief from that strain by having the in evitable tea, proved to be very welcome. T h e V . A . D . ’s became very voluable, and ready to give first impressions with all the ardour o f their natures. A quick run to London, with all blinds drawn in the railway carriage, read its own warning, and there arrived at Euston Station sixty subdued young women, who “ lined up ” on the platform of a very dark station, and waited for orders. M u ch had been wrought in that line between September 16th and September 25th. With a hearty greeting from the members of St. John, who were waiting the arrival of the train, everything was made ready for the V . A . D s . to go to their hotel. A very grateful Matron-in-Charge received her new orders, and also all the assistance necessary to establish the friendly relations which are so welcomed by travellers into the Unknown, especially when there are sixty women and one hundred and twenty pieces of luggage to be assorted in the dark. London was dark and mysterious, not bright and happy as it had been seen in other days, and to those from over the seas it seemed that the war zone must lie very close to the hotel. T h e following morning all were due to report at Devonshire House. There was a general brushing up and straightening out of uniforms, each V . A . D . quite sure she did not look as well as when Inspection took place in Montreal, Nevertheless, Canada had no reason to be ashamed of the grey line which made its way crocodilefashion, quickly up Piccadilly, and with calm assurance held up the traffic for fifteen minutes, and crossed the threshold of Devonshire House. T h a t will long be a name to conjure with, for with our amiable trait of accepting the best as belonging to us, and carefully selecting R o y a lty in order to place impressive names over the doors of our apartment houses, some few V . A . D . ’s had looked upon Devonshire H ou se as the place of their abode— or a General Post Office— and even Ottawa had forgotten to identify the H ouse with the Governor-General so soon to leave and take up residence in Canada. For these and other minor sins, may the loyal daughters of the Motherland be quite forgiven ! Th er e was an inward quaking, but a calm exterior, as

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

November, 1916.

the V . A . D , once more “ lined u p ” for inspection by the Commandant-in-Chief and other officials of Devonshire House. N ow had come a very anxious moment, for what had escaped the Matron-in-Charge would certainly be X -R a y e d when the practised eye of the Heads of Depart ments looked upon the Canadians. However, St John, N.B . to Victoria, B .C. sounded as formidable as did the review by officials, and— nothing dreadful happened. A few words from the Commandant-in-Chief, and the ques tions were all answered : they w ere wanted, they w ere wel come, and Canadian women were only being asked to do what British women are doing the world over, just the work most necessary, and no question as to whether its beneath one’s d ig n ity — only is it there to be done ? Again a return to the hotel, to “ wait for orders,” a phrase which made every V . A . D . straighten and lift her head— they were learn ing quickly, as their brothers are during the war. T h a t life is not all work, even in London, was demon strated very quickly when, on reaching the hotel, letters were handed to the Matron-in-Charge with such delightful entertainments offered to the V . A . D s . A s these were received by the C . A M.C. nurses as well, there are frequent consultations, and dividing of numbers, in order that no one party should be crowded, and others not receive the attention due. Five days of excitement, while London, or as much of it as could be seen of it in that time, was always a source of delight to all who visit. M a n y expressions of gratitude on the part of the V . A . D . ’s. were heard, they were being afforded such splendid entertainment previous to settling down to very hard work, and great praise is due to the entertainment committee, who did their utmost, not only for this group of nurses and V . A .D s ., but also have been offering the same hospitality and interest for the different units coming to England. O n their first Sunday in England the V . A . D s . were designed to experience two different, and nevtr-to-be-forgotten em otio n s; the first was the solemn Ordination Service held at St. Paul’s Cathedral, which they attended on church parade. O n looking around the vast cathedral, practically filled with khaki-clad men, one could not help but feel that the heroes of old England were living again, in her sons who once were taking up arms in defence of right, supported by the women who, as ever, are ready to help the sick and the suffering. A t the close of the day was witnessed a totally different sight. O ne can hardly think that the H u n wished to be entertaining to even so important a body as the Canadian V . A . D . ’s. Nevertheless, there was a pyrotechnic display when an emissary of Co unt Zeppelin chose a place co n veniently situated for part of the V . A . D . ’s to view the efficiency with which our “ bird-men ” deal with such clandestine visitors. Sleep was out of the question for some hours, not through fear, but the patriotic fervour which such deeds awake in the soul of man. Next day the inevitable shopping, a changing of coat buttons to those having a more important look, a new hat badge, and best of all— the Canadians were to be allowed to wear the maple leaf— no other one thing will ever equal that favour which was given so graciously. There was keen interest felt as soon as it became known that Australia and N ew Zealand were sending V . A D . ’s to England, each country to have its emblem worn by the V . A . D . ’s as they took up their work in the Homeland. A very eager group awaited the return of the Matronin-Charge after the daily trip to Devonshire House. The different names were read out, and the hospitals to which they were designated, and date of leaving. T h e n were the

November, 1916.

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anxious moments— and many introspections took place. N ot now do they feel they can do everything— each and all ask “ D o you think I will be able to make g o o d ? ” For no one wants to fail and go back to Canada. A t last all are settled, with the added honour of having ten sent to France. T h e wildest dreams did not include this at this juncture, but hopes were entertained that some time someone might go across the Channel and work in France. T h e interest shown at Devonshire H ouse in order to keep units together, or that no one should be sent alone to any hospital, gave infinite pleasure and satisfaction, and made the V . A . D . ’s feel they were being personally con sidered. After a few days in hospital, when one gives expression to such sentiments as this, “ It is awfully hard work, but I would not give it up for any consideration,” it makes those in control feel all is well, but there will be doubtless some who will take longer to “ find themselves.” One V . A . D . writes: “ Never before has War struck home to me— and I thought it had ! T h e suffering is too ghastly to write about. But go hom e ! I co u ld n 't, for I should always think of what I might have done and didn’t when I had an opportunity. Our hospital has 1,400 beds, and we are busy ” . . . Again, “ I am so pleased to write that we are having much more nursing to do than our pessimistic friends led us to believe, and while, as Canadians, we are ready to do anything we must always acknowleege that our English women h ave done it for two years and more. I am delighted to be able to help them.” From Somewhere in France :— “ W e are making our selves comfortable, in our hut, we now present quite a cosy appearance. Consideration has been shown in keeping the unit together, and on arriving here the night sister gave us a very hearty welcome. T h e ward work may be hard, and to us frightfully sad, but the men are so brave and patient that it is impossible for us to feel that we can do too much.” Many similar expressions might be culled from letters received, but let us leave the Canadian V . A . D . ’s wearing their eight-pointed Cross, emblematical of all the golden truths, and trust that may be able to return with the coveted little white bar on their sleeves— and may they make Canada as proud of them as they are proud of her, so making for true Imperialism— our own aim throughout the whole Empire !

B r i g a d e W o r k in G e r m a n W e s t A f r i c a . T h e Ch ief Staff Officer of the Brigade Overseas has sent us the following letter from Lt.-Col. Skinner with reference to the work of the Brigade in German W. Africa :— 2nd S. African General Hospital, Muthaiga, Nairobi, B.E. Africa. 8th June, 1916. S i r , — Our Brigade work in East London has been at a standstill since August, 1914, on which date we were mobilised for service in German West Africa. A certain number of our men were stretcher bearers in the local regiment, the Kaffrarian Rifles, and the rest were in the S.A.M.C. reserves. I was then Major in the S.A.M C., and had been for twelve years Regi mental Medical Officer to the Kaffrarian Rifles. W e went through the German West African campaign with the Southern Army under General Mackenzie, and the men rendered excellent service. W e had the smartest set of stretcher bearers

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

in the Army, the result of our years of drilling and training. W e also fitted up a long railway post office coach as an ambu lance coach with Zavodovskis rope sling equipment, carrying twelve stretchers. T h e necessary carpenters’ and blacksmiths’ work was done by members of our Division. In January, 1915, I was sent to Luderitzbucht to make a half-stationary hospital, and was allowed to draw a certain number of my trained men from the regiment. They were, of course, transferred to the S.A.M.C. W e commandeered buildings, bedding, furniture and all necessary equipment from German stores and houses, and had a really fine hospital. On 1/4/15 I was made C.O. No. 4 General Hospital, Luderitzbucht, which was composed of three hospitals, containing over 500 beds— one hospital had been a large hotel, the second was my hospital formed out of the Town Hall, Public Library, and a large two-storied house adjoining. The third, the surgical side, was the German Government Hospital. The Southern Army was disbanded in June, and the bulk came back to the Union. No. 4 General Hospital was closed down and only the Government Hospital kept going. W e then returned to East London. On November 23rd recruiting was started for the German East Africa Campaign, and it was arranged that all men in the Railway Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade throughout the Union should join the 2nd S.A. General Hospital. We mobilised at Potchefstroom on December 1st, and sailed from Durban for Mombasa on January 21st, 1916. Three Field Ambulances and a Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance were formed at the same time, and a large number of our younger men, at their own request, were allowed to transfer to these units. I was promoted to Lt.-Colonel, and was at first Second in Command of this hospital. W e arrived at Nairobi on February 1st, 1916, and on the 14th the hospital was opened with 520 beds. With few exceptions all the non-commissioned officers in the hospital are members of the Brigade, the Durban Railway Division showing up particularly well in this connec tion. 1 became O.C. of this hospital on 17/3/16. W e sent a section of the hospital to Voin, consisting of 250 beds. At Nairobi we have now 1,000 beds. W e had a hard time after the fight at Salaita Hill, and also after the fighting when General Smuts took command, during which the Germans were driven back and our forces occupied Moschi and Arusha. At one time we had 900 patients wounded and sick. There has been a lot of malaria and dysentry. From February 14th to May 31st we have had 3,156 patients through the hospital with 14 deaths, and five of these were the result of bullet and shell wounds. There is one thing which these two campaigns have shown us, that is the value of our St. John Ambulance Brigade train ing in South Africa. I enclose an extract by the Registrar from our War Diary on this point. W e all hope this job will be over soon. The future is on the knees of the gods. I send you this lengthy epistle as I thought you ought to know what the S.A. Railway members of the Brigade have been doing in this war, and aiso what I and my East London men have been doing.— I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant, W. B. S k i n n e r , Lt.-Col. S.A.M.C., Corps Surgeon Railway Ambulance Corps', Cape Province ; Order of St. John, Associate Member. The Deputy Commissioner, S.J.A.B. (Overseas), St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

V .A .D .

N ew s.

The following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department op the Joint V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading.— E d i t o r . With regard to the Bar o f recognition granted to V . A . D . ’s who have served for thirteen consecutive months in Auxiliary Hospitals, it has now been decided that the

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JOHN

Bar shall be given for the second year’s service on the same terms as the first, except that the period shall be twelve instead of thirteen months. A form, upon which applica tion for this Bar should be made in the case c f members serving in Auxiliary Hospitals, is being printed, and will be forwarded to Cou nty Directors as soon as possible. M em bers are reminded that the minimum time which must be served in order to gain this distinction is forty-eight hours per week, including time off for dinner and tea. ***

Assistant Cou nty Directors of St. John will in the future wear the same uniform as Assistant County Directors of the British R ed Cross Society, except that the colour will be black and white. * * * H e a d Dispensers holding the certificate of the Phar maceutical Society, and working in military hospitals, shall, in the future, subject to the approval of the Military Authorities, be allowed to wear three stripes on each cuff, similar to that worn by Commandants, in order to bring them into line with H ead Clerks and H e a d Cooks. ***

T h e Uniforn Certificate Forms, J . V . A D . 52 and 53 were originally drawn up and passed by the Central Joint V . A . D Committee in a form which the Co unty Directors could use for all members of the Detachments, whether Territoral Force Association, British R ed Cross, or St. John. Since the Central J V A D Committee find that they have not been issued in the form drawn up by them, in the future these certificates J . V . A D 52 and 53 will be issued in a form applicable for members of Detachments of the three societies, and the books containing them will be published in different coloured covers to avoid confusion. T h e following instructions will appear on the covers of the b o o k s :— J . V A D 52. T o be kept by the Com mandant and the counterfoil by the Co unty Director. J V . A D 53. T o be kept by the member and the counterfoil by the Co unty Director. *

With regard to form J . V . A . D . 24, we are asked to state that in the case of members serving abroad, these cer tificates need only be signed by the Commissioner of their district, until their holders return to England, when they will, o f course, be signed by the Com mandant and the Cou nty Director. + * *

During the four weeks ending October 24th no less than 848 members have been posted to hospitals at home and abroad, 551 being British R ed Cross and 297 St. John V A D ’s. Ot this total, by far the greater proportion were requisitioned for home service, the military hospital wards claiming 674, while 30 have been sent for general service to these hospitals; 53 Nursing and 15 General Service mem bers have been posted to Auxiliary Hospitals at home. Of those sent abroad, 50 Nursing members were destined for military and 14 for Joint Comm ittee hospitals ; while to the latter have also been posted 12 non-Nursing members. T h e total number of members now at work is 7, i 4°> allocated as follows :— A t H o m e— In Mil. Hospital Wards For General Service In Auxiliary Hospitals

... R.C. 2806. St. J. 1951- Total 4757 ... R.C. 104. St. I. 134. Total 328 ... R.C. 178. St. j. 82. Total 260

A b ro a d — In Military Hospitals Under Joint Committee

... R.C. 892. St. J. ... R.C. 284. St. J.

547- Total 1439 72. Total

356

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

November, 1916.

T h e applications for Nursing and General Service received at Devonshire H o u se during the period under review number 873. ***

W e are asked to state that Cooks and H ouse Members are very much needed for hostel work in France. They must be gentlewomen, and the age limit is 19 to 40. The work consists of kitchen, pantry, and house duties. No salary or uniform allowance is given, but all expenses are paid from London. T h e contract is for six months, includ ing one month’s probation. Members who can afford to give their services, and who are content not to nurse, are begged to forward their names without delay through their Comm andant and Co unty Director to Devonshire House. A Reserve for this service is kept at Devonshire House, and as it is almost exhausted more members are required in order that they may be sent abroad without delay when requisitions are received. Criticisms, alas ! but too well founded, continue to reach us on the subject of the correct wearing of uniform. T here is one, however, administered somewhat as powder is in jam, which will doubtless amuse our readers as much as the member to whom it was addressed. Travelling in an omnibus recently, a charming old Colonel entered into conversation with her, “ full of praise of the V . A . D . ’s” H e had just come from Boulogne, and he had one ciiticism to make which particularly applied to the Rouen members— he did wish they would pull up their stockings better ! *

On the same subject a London Comm andant per tinently writes as follows :— “ When 1 Our D ay ’ has only so recently taken place, it is perhaps rather premature to con sider the event for next year. T h e question of uniform is, however, a matter of ever-present interest to V . A . D . officers. O n e noticed this year still a good deal to find fault with in the manner in which some of the members who were selling flags wore their uniform : cotton dresses showing below the overcoat, no gloves, tarnished shoulder titles, hat ribbon bows in front, etc. T h e remedy I venture to suggest is that a definite order be circulated from County officers that all Commandants should hold a uniform parade either the day previous to or, better still, on ‘ Our D a y ’ itself, so that they satisfy themselves as to their members’ appear ance. It is a platitude to say that on the individual depends the good name of the V . A . D . organisation as a whole, it is almost equally true to say that the average person forms her or his own opinion of the individual from the general appearance of the member when in uniform.” *

We have this month to write yet another V . A . D . name on the Roll of Honour, that of Miss Esmee St. John, daughter of the Rev. H. B. St. John, of Ninfield Rectory, Battle, Sussex, who died on October 10th, at No. 14 Stationary Hospital, France, of scarlet fever, contracted while on duty in France. She had previously served for a year at the 5th Southern General Hospital, and was trans ferred to France by the War Office on M a y 16th last. Her father’s simple words are her most eloquent p an eg y ric: “ I was a soldier once myself and am still at heart, though too old to be of any use. A n d some of her dear friends have described her as being a ‘ gallant soldier.’ I am glad they gave her a soldier’s funeral.” She was buried in the Soldier’s Cemetery at Wimereux with full military honours. She lies on a hillside overlooking the sea and then towards England, for whom she died.

November,

- F I R S T

[916.

AID. —

interests of tuberculous French victims of the war a scheme CONTENTS

TH IS

NUMBER.

for the provision of dispensaries and hospitals, the establish ment of farm colonies, and the erection of sanitoria in hilly

E d it o r ia l —

Carry On D is t r ic t

...

■ ■ ■

regions. T h e idea is that the farm colonies will consist roughly

R epo r ts—

No. 1 ; No. 3 ; No. 4 ... ... ••• ■ ■ ■ No. 6 ; No. ................................................................ A Noted War-Time Firm T h e

...

S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e

...

acre per man.

it is hoped their work will be self-supporting.

Settlers will carry on intensive culture, and T h e dis

pensaries, hospitals, and sanitoria are to be equipped to

G a ze t t e —

The Mechanics of Circulation

of 250 acres, divided into allotments on the scale of an

82 83

...

provide the best treatment to French soldiers aftkted with

...

V .A.D .’s Experience During the Retirement of the Montenegrin Army ...

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England ...

Notes and News

7th inst., if the official pattern of trench stretcher could

used in narrow trenches not 26 inches wide, and whether

...

the authorities have considered the possibility of obtaining

...

Canadian Branch, S.J.A.A.

...

The Canadian V.A.D. Unit

...

Brigade Work in German West V.A.D. News

...

•••

A Stretcher for Trench Use ...

...

Brevities

...

... Africa

...

Queries and Answers to Correspondents

...

tubercolosis.

...

V T

War Secretary was asked in the

a new type of stretcher which

It was stated in reply that the Army Counc il

had no

information to show that the official trench

...

which was stated to be 20 inches in width— does not meet the requirements.

...

Efficiency in First Aid

...

95 95

...

would enable the wounded

to be handled more expeditiously in these circumstances.

...

Red Cross in France

Indian Ambulance Training

...

R e v ie w s —

A Primer of Tropical Hygiene

Hou se on the

...

stretcher—

A t question time in the H ouse of Com m ons on the 26th October, Mr. T yson

Wilson asked the Secretary of

State for War if he was aware that a large number of men belonging to the H o m e Hospital Reserve, and who had

B re v itie s.

been on duty since the beginning of the war, joined this Reserve on the understanding that they would be retained

The

K in g at Buckingham

Palace on October

21st

inspected one of a new type of special ambulances which the Belgian Field Ambulance Committee are sending out to the Belgian Army.

T his car is designed to transport

serious cases which have been operated at an advanced operating station close to the firing line.

There are all the

fittings of a private surgical ward in the compass of this ambulance, which is practically a motor hospital,

and it

carries a nurse with each patient. *

correspondent

two-handed canvas seat which was illustrated in our O c t o ber issue, that in 1867 Dr. Landa, a Spanish military sur geon of repute, invented an apron for the same

to the bearer’s shoulders and that transport was therefore Simple conveyances— similar

to that figured and known as “ bearing seats ”— were about the same time commonly used in Bavaria and other parts When using these, the bearers faced each

other and could therefore support the patient or not, as circumstances required. * * *

were

being

drafted

Authorities

for

service

select,

and

whether, seeing that these men are serving under a special agreement, they have the right of appeal to any tribunal if they object to serve abroad. In replying, Mr. Forster, the Financial Secretary

the War Office, stated that these men joined originally for however,

these a considerable number had been drafted for service overseas with some unit of the R . A . M C.

French R e d Cross Society is organising in the

H e added that

those who did not so volunteer had to be retained at home.

purpose

of succour)

and differed in that the back part of the apron was attached

of Germany.

military age,

abroad into any unit the Arm y

volunteered for service with the Armies in the field, and of

points out that with regard to the

by “ fore and aft ” method.

some over

service in hospitals at home, that many of them,

It was called a “ Mandil de socorro ” (apron

for service at the H o m e Hospitals, and that many of them,

V A R

ro ss

Unit, organised by the Joint War C o m

mittee of the British R e d Cross Society and the Order of St. John, left for Roumania early this month.

T his

unit

is a gift from the miners of Great Britain, who voted funds to meet all expenses in connection with its formation and equipment, ing car.

There will be four ambulances and one tour

T h e unit, which

will be in charge of Dr. A. P. E.

O ’Leary, will be equipped for X-ray and dental work, in addition to the ordinary surgical service in the field, and all the members are thoroughly qualified for any duties they may be called upon to undertake.

- F I R S T

A S t r e t c h e r fo r T r e n c h U se. stretcher has been devised so that angles may be negotiated with the minimum of discomfort to the wounded man when being removed from the trenches. T h e stretcher when open, prepared for a patient lying full length, is the same width as the Furley stretcher with canvas bed of the same length (S.J.A.A. pattern). T h e importance of keep ing fractured lower limbs perfectly at rest in the horizontal position will be acknowledged, but it is not possible t0

T h is

By courtesy 1

AID.

November, 1916.

handles which can be used in the ordinary manner, or can be folded inwards parallel with the end of the canvas and permit a bearer to grip them around the traverse when he is facing the patient’s feet, thus shortening the stretcher and protecting the bearer’s knuckles from the trench sides. There are three traverse bars of S.J.A.A. pattern. O n e is at the foot end in the position usual on a Furley ; one is a few inches from the hinge towards the head, and the third about midway beteen this and the head end of the poles. T h is type of traverse has been adopted, as it has no tendency to loosen and thus collapse the canvas. T h e runners are of aluminium of pedestal pattern, each fitted with a small wooden roller, and are so shaped that they are comfortable to the hand when grasped as handles. In order to obtain great rigidity when thu s'used the head of each runner encircles the pole and is driven on and screwed fast. T h e weight of the stretcher is 19 lbs.— several pounds

( The L a n cit F i g . 1.

The patient is sitting on the stretcher, the head end [of which has been raised, and he is bandaged for a fracture of the leg. The back is held rigidly in position by steel pins. The length of the stretcher in this position is 5 ft. 6 f in. over all. The patient is being lifted by bearers wearing Cantlie pattern slings to distribute the ,weight over their shoulders. The bearer at head is grasping the runners. It will be observed that the canvas does not sag under the patient. carry a full-length stretcher horizontally through narrow trenches with sharp turns. By flexing the stretcher at the point shown, the trunk only of a patient is disturbed and trench traverses can be negotiated without discomfort. T h e stretcher has been successfully carried along a trench with a minimum width of 26 inches and a maximum of 42 inches with a number of traverses at various angles. With the traverse bars slightly collapsed it will pass through a trench 21 inches wide. O nc e clear of sharp angles the stretcher may be restored to the horizontal position in a moment, and can then be carried in the usual way. T h e stretcher has obvious uses apart from trench war fare wherever narrow staircases, corridors, or sharp turns are met with. T h e poles are of ash, 7 ft. 1 in. long, and each is provided with a hinge ahout the centre of its length. T h e hinge is of an aluminium alloy, and is so designed that it can be held securely and rigidly by a steel pin when in a horizontal position or when fixed at a definite angle. T h e foot ends of the poles are provided with

By courtesy ]

[ The Lancet' F i g . 2.

Shows the stretcher and patient in the same position as in Fig. 1, being carried along a narrow trench. The bearer at the foot-end of the stretcher is standing aside, the handles being turned inwards, when the over-all length of the stretcher is 5 ft. lighter than the Furley or the R . A . M . C . stretcher. It has successfully withstood severe tests of its strength in both positions. T h e stretcher has been produced by Mr. H. Langley Jones, 2 5 , Ailsa.road, Westcliffe, at the suggestion of the Rev. H. C. Hutchings, who was then acting as a stretcherbearer in France, and of Messrs. G. D e v o n p o r t& Co., Ltd., and has been made by Messrs. R. H o e & Co., Ltd., London.

November, 1916.

Queries and A n sw e rs Correspondents.

— F I R S T

AI D. —

R e v ie w s.

to THE

RED

CROSS

FRANCE.

By Granville Barker. London : Hodder & Stoughton.

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— 1 .— Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope “ Query," and addressed— F irst A id , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon ” cut *rom the current issue of the / ournal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. J . — Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

A. B. (Mansfield) sends these two Queries :— (1) Cantlie’s Book for treatment of Complicated Frac ture of ribs tells us to lay patient down, inclined a little to the injured side, and place ice-bag over seat of injury. Is this the proper treatment, or should we lay the patient on uninjured side to apply ice bag ? (2) Also for patient suffering from Internal Haemorr hage, it says “ if patient be reduced to a state of Collapse bandage firmly from toes to hips, and from fingers to shoulders, and raise the feet.” T h is I th in k w o u ld be w ro n g for internal hiemorrhage. (1) The treatment is correct. By keeping the patient on his back inclined a little towards injured side you fa c ilita te the w o rk in g o f the u n in ju re d lu n g , on which — when its fellow is seriously affected— the patient will depend for his supply of oxygen. (2) Here again the treatment is correct. By bandaging the limbs you diminish the circulation through these parts and so relieve the heart of much work. By raising the feet you will still further limit the local circulation, and by careful atten tion to these details you may succeed in saving the patient’s life. See W h y an d W h erefore in F ir s t A id , p. 48. I note your emphatic disagreement with Dr. Cantlie, who has been justly called “ the Father of First Aid.”— N . C o r b e t F letch er.

C. A. H. (Upper Edmonton) asks why a man in a football match often becomes unconscious after a blow received in the lower abdomen, either from the ball or from a part of an opponent’s body. He also asks for the best First Aid treatment. The abdominal organs are richly supplied with sympathetic nerves and closely connected thereby with the main Nervous System. Any injury, therefore, to these parts brings about Shock, which is directly responsible for the loss of conscious ness. Apply General Rules of Treatment of Shock (Cantlie, p. 13 5 ).— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

J. G. (Old Shilder) requests a solution to the following Stretcher case, which was set In a Competition :— Compound fracture of right thigh with severe arterial bleeding from left leg just above ankle joint. The arterial bleeding is arrested, and also the bleeding which accompanied the fracture. (1) Should the left foot be kept elevated, or bandaged to right foot during transport ? (2) Should any marks be gained by elevating the left foot, or should any be lost for not elevating it during transport ? Since the arterial bleeding has been arrested, the right thing to do is to concentrate attention on the fractured thigh, and to this end the legs m ust be bandaged together during transport. The only justification for omitting this step and for elevating the left leg would be recurrence of the arterial bleeding in spite of treatment.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

P ric e 2s, 6d. This book is a frank description of the Red Cross in France, and it is a record of work done not in time of stress but in the longer weary time of dull routine, which is the true test of an organisation. Sir Frederick Treves has struck the cheerful note which prevails throughout the whole book when he wrote the preface that will go straight to the heart of every V.A.D. :— “ It is said that the great war has produced us no Florence Nightingale. That may be so, but it has produced a much esteemed and lovable lady, unknown in any war, who has earned for herself a reputation little less than that attained by the great pioneer of Red Cross work. She is known by the curious title of 1 the V .A.D .’ She works as a volunteer, she is quite a new being, yet she represents the womanhood of England— the tender hearted, unselfish, capable woman whose sole desire is to help the wounded soldier. She seeks no glory, she has no name, she is merely a V .A .D .” The book is full of episodes, both pathetic and gay, which shows the many wonderful phases of Red Cross work in France, and the author has described it in a manner which should appeal to all.

E F FIC IE N C Y

FIR ST

AID.

By N. Corbet Fletcher, M.B., M.R.C.S. London : Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd. P i ice is . net. This book is supplementary to Dr. Fletcher’s “ Aids to First Aid,” and is intended to meet the requirements of senior students of first aid in order to encourage them to perserve in their studies and pursuit of efficiency. He shows clearly how diagnosis and treatment may be systematically built up like a house on groundwork, foundation and framework, and in treat ing the subject in this manner one realises the application of the principles of first aid. In doing this, Dr. Fletcher has set out his subject in a novel manner, which encourages the student to think and exercise common knowledge and ex perience, the essential factors in first aid treatment, and we can heartily recommend this book to all who desire to become really efficient in first aid, as it will eliminate parrot knowledge, which so many first aid students acquire. The first chapter shows the student has to correctly study the subject, and the last deals with examinations and common errors and mistakes which militate against efficiency, and at the end of each chapter throughout the book is appended a brief skeleton of the matter contained therein.

PR IM ER

TRO PICAL

H YGIEN E.

Revised and enlarged by Colonel R. J. Blackham, C.I.E., V.H.S., &c. Bombay : C. Claridge & Co. P ric e , 12 annas. The influence of sanitary methods on the length of life has been very marked in European countries during the last three centuries. In India during the last decade it has not made anything like the progress, this is not due to the Indian people being adverse to cleanliness, but merely ignorant. There has undoubtly been a crying need in India (or simple instruction in domestic hygiene among the masses and the St. John Ambulance Association have brought out this little primer as their contribution to tbe means of educaiicn in elerrentaiy

— F I R S T

AI D

November, 1916.

—

sanitation and hygiene. It deals in some detail with torrid plains and chill mountains, with high and low, rich and poor, urban and rural and we should say it should serve an immense benefit upon such a hugh population as contained in India. IN D IA N

AMBULANCE

TR A IN IN G .

B y Colonel R. J. Blackham, C.I.E., V.H.S., R.A.M.C. Bombay : G. Claridge & Co.

P ric e , 12 annas. This the manual of training for Voluntary Aid Detachments in India, and it deals with the various subjects which come within the scope of their training, including nursing, sanitation, improvisation, transport of wounded and the medical organi sation in the field. Particular attention is given to the Extemporised Hospital Buildings, and it gives a good account of what principles should guide the Commandant in the selection of such buildings and their administration. Nursing and invalid cooking are also fully dealt with. The book is well written and contains a vast amount of useful information.

W e regret we have been compelled to hold over this month “ Hints for Hospital Orderlies,” by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, owing to the pressure upon our space. T h e final instalment will appear in our December issue. T h e Viscount Hanabusa, president of the Japanese R e d Cross Society, has conveyed to the Lord Mayor (Sir Charles Wakefield) and the L ad y Mayoress their heartfelt thanks for the courtesy and hospitality they extended to their medical officers and nurses who spent nearly a year at the British R e d Cross Hospital at Netley. During the month, four new motor ambulance launches have been despatched for service in Mesopotamia, whilst four others have been completed, and will be shipped early in November. E ach of these launches is 40 ft. long and can carry 15 stretcher cases or 60 sitting cases. They are similar to a large number of other boats already in service in Mesopotamia. Owing to the departure of the officials of the Associa tion in Brisbane on active service our work in that Centre has died down since the outbreak of war. A n arrangement has now been made by which the Queensland Ambulance Transport Brigade has formed itself into a Centre in additiin to its other activities and has taken over the work of the Association throughout Queensland.

* * * * * * k * * * *

HORLICK’S MALTED A S A D I E T IN

M IL K

RED CROSS

N U R S IN G .

Contains all the food value of pure full-cream milk enriched and modified with the soluble nutritive extracts of choice malted cereals. The ratio 01 protein to carbohydrate and its perfect digestibility commend this food as a reliable reconstructive which may be given freely in septic conditions and surgical cases.

R EA D Y IN A M O M E N T .

R E Q U R IE S NO COOKING.

L ib e r a l S a m p le s f o r t r i a l w i l l be se n t to th e P r o fessio n P o s t F r e e on ap plica tion .

H o r l i c k ’s M a l t e d M i l k C o ., S l o u g h , B u c k s .

T h e war has altered many things, but it has not altered H a ll’s Wine. If we had lowered the standard of H a ll’s W in e because of new economic conditions, it would no longer have been real H a ll’s Wine. N o matter what the cost, its potency must be maintained. It is this quality that makes all the difference between H a ll’s Wine and other preparations offered in place of it. It is its efficacy that gives it its supreme restorative value. T h e economic value of H all’s Wine lies not so much in its price as in its results. It q u ick ly restores the weak, ailing or convalescent.

A London Doctor writes :— “ I know of nothing that will pick up anyone recovering from Influenza or any such illness so well as H all W ine. I prescribe it when I can.” (L e tt e r on file ).

HallsW tne The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E .— B uy a bottle to-day. If, after taking half, you feel no real benefit, return to us the half-empty bottle, anti we will refund your outlay.

P rice 3 9 L a r g e B o ttle. O f a l l W in e M e r c h a n ts , a n d G rocers a n d C h em ists w ith W in e Licen ces.

S T E P H E N S M IT H & C O ., L T D ., BO W .

6|o

— F I R S T

November, 1916.

FIRST-AID

A I D

—

R ed

C r o s s E q u ip m e n t We gladly extend to those Ladies who during the war are voluntarily

A BLAND & P A IN LESS

giving

— IODINE D R E S S I N G . —

their

invitation A septic.

aid

the

various

Nursing Organisations a courteous to

our

special

Nurses’

Equipment Section.

A ntiseptic.

I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

We place at their complete disposal our unique know ledge of Nursing requirements, which will ensure that whatever they purchase will exactly conform

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating Free Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

Hospitals & General Contracts Co., Ltd. ( N u rs e s ’ E q u ip m e n t S e c tio n ), (D ep t. 6). The “ Red C r o s s C o a t , ”

ap p lic atio n

Menley & James, Ltd.,

to —

39 , F a r rin g d o n R oad, LONDON, E.C.

regulations

M ak e a p e rso n a l c a ll o r ■write o r'p h o n e fo r catalo gu e.

I O D E X has benefittedthe follow ing and numerous other conditions : E n l a r g e d G la nd s, Goitre. T u b e r c u lo u s Joints, B u rsitis, S y n o v i t is , Sciatic a, Neu ritis. Gout, R h e u m a to id Arthritis , H ydrocele , P a r a s it ic S k i n D is eases. R in g w o r m , Chilb lains, Acne, Bolls. Mumps, S p rains, AND A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y CONDITIONS. on

existing

C O M P LE TE RED CROSS O U T F I T S A L W A Y S IN S T O C K .

I0D EX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/3.

L iteratu re

with

and prove satisfactory in every way.

1 9 -3 5 ,

in N avy. Stocked in lengths 48m., soin., 52m., 54in., 56m. All-W ool Serge .. 39/6 West of England Serge 38/6

MORTIMER ST., W.

'P h o n e : M U S E U M

3140-1.

A g e n ts f o r th e w e ll-kn o w n B en d u b le Shoes.

British throughout.’ T he G re a te s t of a ll T O N I C F O O D S

V it a f e r

Casein, L ac ta lb u m en , G ly c e r o p h o s p h a te s ,

Of proved ,and testified efficacy in all forms of physical and nerve weakness.

Uniforms and Equipment

Samples, Descriptive Booklet (giving composition). Testimonials, etc., from British Medical Men of lepute, but necessarily without name, sent post free on receipt o f card.

V i t a f e r is p r a c t i c a l l y t a s t e l e s s , is v e r y r e a d i l y d i g e s t e d a n d a b s o r b e d , a n d is t h e o n l y n o n c o n s t i p a t i n g c o n c e n t r a t e d food. Its freedom fr o m s u g a r a n d p u r l n - p r o d u c i n g s u b s t a n c e s i n d i c a t e s i t s u s e in d i a b e t e s a n d g o u t . S o le P r o p rie to r s a n d M a n u fa c tu r e r s ,

V ast

m o d ern

added

fa c to r y

c e n t u r y 's

reso u rces,

SOUTHALL

BROS.

BARCLAY,

e n a b l e s u s t o s u p p l y F i r s t A id a n d a ll o th e r S e r v ic e s w ith u n ifo r m s and e q u ip m e n t of g u a r a n te e d m a te r ia ls , -a t so n

w o rk m a n s h ip any

o th e r

and

A p r ic o t

fin is h

c lo th in g

S a m p le s

re q u e s t.

N IL E

C ITY and

ROAD, LONDON, N., 4, P R IN C ES STR EET, SQUARE,

S T R E E T ,

LONDON,

— th e nam e d escrib es them

O J a iftr u l

Best Stretcher on the Market.

16,

HANOVER

C ream

PENNY “ DELECT A ”

e q u a l q u a lity . P r ic e s a n d

B IR M IN G H A M .

C H O C O L A T E S |

p r ic e s th a t c h a lle n g e c o m p a r i w ith

L td .,

e x p e r ie n c e ,

BEST QUALITY CANVAS.

P r ic e

(A S

S U P P L IE D

SPR IN G

£ 1 H .M .

GEARING W H EELS.

G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable S tretch e r for Boy Scouts, W .

G .

H E L P S

(Late P o a d , H

elps

14s.

6d.

& C o.),

St. P h ilip s B rid ge, B R I S T O L Makers ot Ambulance Wagons and Requisites.

— F I R S T

IR O N

H U M P and W O O D E N AND TH E SYSTEM

M U N IT IO N

AI D. —

November, 1916.

H R E Y H O S P IT A L

S B U ILD IN G S

N E W P A T E N T B R IC K W O R K OF C O N S TR U C TIO N FOR

FA C T O R IES

and D O C K

S H ED S .

Sailors’ and Soldiers’

MOBILE PANEL HUTS & HOSPITALS on View, as supplied from Stock to the

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY & ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. B u ild in g s in

s h ip p e d

S e c tio n a l

c o m p le te fr o m

P a n e ls .

S im p le

MAY

our

W o rk s

C o n s tr u c tio n

IN S P E C T E D

th e to

T h a m e s , S ta n d a rd erect

A b ro ad

D AILY

S iz e s , S to c k e d

o r d in a r y

la b o u r .

HUMPHREYS LTD., KNIGHTSBRIDGE, LONDON, S.W. (C o n tra c to rs

to th e

A d m ir a lty , W a r

O ffic e ,

A u s tr a lia n

and

C a n a d ia n

G o v e rn m e n ts).

— F I R S T

November; 1916.

BRITISH

RED

CROSS

S O C IE T Y .

^ T H E A u tu m n H ats, N a v y Blue Felt (the n e w shape), in sizes 1, 2, 3, are n o w ready. T h e y are made at our o w n F a cto ry , are light and of good quality and value. T h e prices are 6s. 6d. and ils. 6d., w ith 6d. extra for B o x and P o stage.

h a t t e r s TO

H.-M.THE

AID.—

KJTNG

F o r C o m m an dan ts, Q u a rterm a sters and O fficers w e have prepared a H at in better quality w ith superior trim m ings. Price lls. 6d. T h e ordinary rank and file w e a r the n a v y band edged grey, and for C o m m an d a n ts and other O fficers the bands are n a v y blue edged w ith red. Separate bands are supplied at Is. 6d. each by post. M em bers' B adges Is. each. T h e S t r a w H a ts are a lw a y s kept ready,

5s. 6d.

and

10s. 6d.

W e also sup ply the W in ter H a ts for the St. John A m b u la n c e Brigade, 6s. 6d. and lls. 6d., w ith 6d. extra for P o sta g e . Cash

re tu r n e d

not

ap p ro v ed .

S C O T T S , 1, O L D B O N D S T R E E T , P IC C A D IL L Y , W.

SYMPHELITE SPIRIT STOVES. T he only safe Spirit Stove for N ursing , & c .

For MILITARY, HOSPITAL and HOME USE

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co BEST AN D CH EAPES T HOUSE IN T H E TR A D E .

Latest

Pattern

Khaki

Uniform s a Speciality.

Con tr a cto rs f o r : — S t . John A m b ulan ce Brigade; British Red Cross, & c . ; Officers and Priv ates; also for A r m y , N a v y , Police and Fire Brigades.

8£ N O

FOR

PR IC E

LIST

AND

PATTERN3

TO : -

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co. (F R E D

EV AN S,

P rop rietor;,

5, C l e r k e n w e l l G r e e n , F a r r i n g d o n R o a d , L O N D O N , E.O . T e l e p h o n e — No. 2353 H o l b o r n . T e l e g r a m s — “ E vans, Clerkenw ell Green, L o n d o n .”

wiHnMMiltK WITH PA TEN T FOLDING STAND.

2,000,000

in u s e in

th e A l l i e d

th e T r e n c h e s , H u t s &

No danger in use. P R A C T I C A L in use.

A r m ie s ,

H o s p ita ls .

A M .D . o f L o n d on w rites : “ I f the pu b lic and hospitals knew the advan tages o f this S to ve , every house and hospital in the cou n try w ould possess them. It is the on ly safe S to ve I k n o w .”

Prices 1/3&1/9.

. i n

Small cost in use. Burn s S p irit or Petrol.

A ll plated 2 /9&3/6.

Special terms lo the Trade on application to

S Y M P H E L IT E

CO.,

77, C R A V E N H O U S E , K I N G S W A Y , W . C .

f o

E v e ry b o d y is doin g som ething fo r th e S t a t e - e v e n th e turtle. F re e m a n ’s I h av e p ressed him into little S O U P ■ C U B E S — the re a l rich m eat o f selected W e s t Indian T u rtles— so that re a l T u rtle Soup, once the p rivile ge | o n ly o f the rich, is now , in these d ay s o f high prices, a d e lic a c y easily accessib le to . e v e ry household fo r a few /TflJ l * ' | p ence p e r person. m O f all G ro cers an d Stores Q J

| ■ I ^ _ I

in i/. Carte,-*.

X jJ cU fr v l

— F I R S T

IOO

A id s t o

M e m o r y f o r ' F i r s t Aid* S t u d e n t s . B y L. M.

M .B ., C .M . Edin. Author (jo i n t ly w ith I V .R .E .) of “ Problems in First A id ,” St. John Amb Assoc. S e v e n th Edition now ready. Revised to date (Sept. 1915.) “ N o ambulance man need ever fear he will go rusty if he will take an occa sional dose of the mental mixture contained within the covers of this splendid book . . . cannot conceive a better utilisation of space, a better treatise on this subject could not he written. . . the hook for all, whether old hands or students.” “ A ‘ multum in p arvo’ of the greatest value.” Price : In Cloth, 6d. net— by post jd . In Leather, as. net— by post 2s. 2d. S to c k p o rt

.C o n n e ll &

F ra n k

C h r is tia n ,

B a ile y , L t d ., “ E x p r e s s " O f f ic e , S t.

and The St. J o hn Ambulance Association,

S t.

P e t e r 's S q u a r e ,

A Classified S eries o f F irst A id N otes and an Interleaved N o te -B o o k fur A m b u lan ce Students. By W . E. St . L A W R E N C E F IN N Y , M .D ., M .C h ., H on . A sso c, o f the O rd er o f S t. Joh n , L ectu rer on F irst A id

3 E dition R evised .

MANUALS

MURBY

H A V E

& CO.,

Y O U TH E

BOUVERIE

B O O K E D DEM AND

S T ., A

A ID S

book."—

A ID S

FNET.

Postage O ne P enny

LONDON,

E .C .

D A T E ?

NOW

E V E R .

F o r fu ll p a r t ic u la r s o f t h e s e fr e e le c t u r e s , a n d “ S o u v e n i r ” B o o k , s e n d th r e e p e n n y s t a m p s to :— S e r g t . C. H A N M E R , 205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m . 'N ote .— O n e o r tw o v a c a n c i e s d u r in g D e c e m b e r , M id la n d s p r e fe r r e d ._________

INSTR UC TIO N In “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.”

Everyone engaged in F IR S T A ID w ork should take up the above C ourses at once. A m em ber o f S . J . A . B . w r ite s :— “ I feel d eep ly indebted for the courses o f instruction received , h ave often w anted to take such courses, but could never find w here to get su ch .” (T . B .) Special te r m s n o w — h a lf fees— to m em bers o f S .J .A .B ., &c. A pply (stamp) to M r . J. E. W a l d e n , Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispensers Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874), 2 . S t . G e o r g e ’s R oad , S o u t h w a r k . L o n d o n .

J h e Jndian Jlm bulance Gazette. A Jo u rn a l o f A m b ulance W o rk in In d ia , B u rm a an d the E a s t.

P ric e 2 s h illin g s p e r a n n u m

p o st free.

P u b lis h e d Q u a rte rly . Can bt obtained on application to the Editor. Jutogh. Sim la H ills. India P r ic e 6 0 . n e t.

NOTES ON FIRST

P oet tr e e

F IR S T -A ID .

L a n c e t.

H O M E -N U R S IN G .

Price, 7 d . , post tree. Home-Nursing Simpliflid and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. “ T h is book w o n d erfu lly sim p lifie s a c o m p lex su b ject a n d sh o u ld be r e a d by a l l

AND

& N.W. RY. G a z e t t e . W H E R E F O R E IN F I R S T - A I D .

“ IVe com m en d th is book to L e c tu re r s a n d S tu d e n ts w ho w i l l f i n d it o fg r e a t se r v ic e ."— F i r s t aid .

E F F IC IE N C Y

Just published.

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stu d e n ts ." —L.

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Dr. F in n y ’s First Aid.

rd.

November, 1916.

AID. —

—

ALSO —

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FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 2 7 0 . — V o l .

X X III.

[N e w

Our

-----

S e r ie s .]

DECEMBER,

Readers.

GAZETTE.

DALE. i& nigrtiatsttum u~s' Haii.\

19 16

call has always been made.

F ir s t A i d ” Is published 00 th e 20th ot e v e r y month.

[2/6 p e r 'a n n u ^ p o s ^ F r e e

T h e lives of brave men have

been saved ; the broken and weary have been helped back

to vigorous life ; and for this the soldiers’ and the sailors’

A ll articles and reports m ust be accom panied by the nam e and address o f the w riter, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the E ditor.

hampered by lack of support either in money or in material.

folk will always be grateful. very highest

Subscriptions, A d vertisem en ts and other business com m unications connected w ith F irst A id should be addressed to the Publishers, DALE,

The

L td ., 46, C annon Street , L ondon, E .C .

REYNOLDS

C O .,

It is a national service of the

value, and we are sure that it will not be

S afety M ovement.

The

first

“ Safety

held

Lon don,

F ir s t ”

manager

convened

at the Caxton Hall, Westminster, at the beginning of the month, under the pre sidency of Mr, H. E.

ED ITO RIAL.

Conference

was

the

London

General

Blain, operating

Omnibus

Company.

Important resolutions were passed and it was decided to F IR S T

A ID

e x t e n d s t o its

c o r d ia l g r e e t i n g N ew

R ead ers and

fo r C h r is t m a s a n d

P a tro n s

b e s t w is h e s

in t h e

form a London “ Safety F ir s t ” Council. in

issues

the activities

W e have referred

of the

“ General ”

Omnibus Com pany and certain of our principal railways in

Y ear.

connection with the Safety Movement, which has been so T h e third Christmas o f the war is near,

V.A .D .

aptly described as “ First A i d for the

relentlessly,

the

only

illuminating

and heart-inspiring chapter of it is the treatment of our wounded soldiers. In this connection the services rendered by the women of the country in the care of the sick and wounded is a record of which we may well feel proud.

was little thought by those who first joined what was then known as the Voluntary Aid Scheme, that their services would be so quickly needed, yet it was so, and since then the movement has expanded beyond realisation.

Auxiliary

^ in ju red .”

As is well-known, the movement was inaugurated by

and with it the terrible struggle goes on

the American

Railway Companies, and as illustrating its

value the accident statistics of the

Chicago

killed and 82 per cent, of those injured met with accidents caused

dangerous,

careless

thoughtless

by reason of defective appliances and machinery. Safety Movem en t has been

in existence on the Railway

some 450 miles of new line have been added to the system, but during that period there have been and

1 6 ,5 9 1

fewer non-fatal accidents.

ment for our wounded, and these have been staffed and

shown that

maintained by the Voluntary Aid Detachments.

average $ 1 1 5

has derived from the scheme originated by Lord Haldane before the war, and which was developed and in a complete state ready for emergency, and has only needed expansion to meet the growing demands. O n e cannot over-praise the patriotic zeal of the nurses who give whole or part time for day and night work, often

In the

six years and thirteen months to September 1st last, that the

Hospitals have sprung up all over the country to meet the

tion this fact to point out the benefits which this country

practice,

whilst only 7 per cent, were killed and 6 per cent, injured

increasing demand of providing accommodation and treat

W e men

and North-

Western Railway show that S3 per cent, of the employees

each accident, ser ous per case.

The

547

fewer fatal

Investigation has slight, cost

on the

saving effected in

money

alone as a result of the adoption of the Safety Mov em en t on this one Railway is a simple mathematical calculation, but what co u ld be achieved if a ll railways, mines and other industrial concerns adopted it ? In

regard

the

Safety

Movem en t

Railways some apt lines form the preface

on to

American a book of

“ Safety and Sanitation Rules ” recently issued by the Balti more and Ohio Railway should be interesting, particularly

at the risk of break-down under the combined strain of

as they advocate the acquisition of first aid knowledge as a

home and hospital duty.

sa fe ty p rin c ip le .

Here, and in every other depart

ment of the work, willing and cheerful response to every

T his point should not escape the notice

of the newly formed London “ Safety F ir s t ” Council.

— F I R S T

T02

W ork of th e S t, John A m b u la n ce B r i g a d e D u r i n g t h e Y e a r 1916. R lport

th e

C h ie f

C o m m i s s i o n e r , C o i .. S i r

J am es

C lark.

I n spite of the calling up of many membtrs of Ambulance Divisions of the Brigade under the Group System and the Military Service Ac ts the work of the Brigade has not fallen off, in fact in many districts it has increased. In nearly every town which has been visited by hostile aircraft theDivision have always been ready and have rendered every assistance possible, in many instances of a conspicuous nature. T h e reports received at headquarters from the Deputy Commissioners all speak in high terms of the efficient and self-sacrificing way in which the war work in their districts of the Brigade has been carried out. T h e continued increase in the manufacture of machinery and explosives, and the consequent dangers incident thereto, have provided ample scope for the work of the Brigade. Every encouragement is given to large firms to establish Divisions amongst their employees, and in this respect it is notable that a large number have been formed in this way. T h e Rebellion in Ireland afforded another example not only of the national asset of such a body of trained men and women, but also of the grave dangers attending such work. It will be recalled that several Brigade men were injured and a Corps Superintendent lost his life dur ing that regrettable occurrence. During the year (October ist, 1915, to the present date) 13 Corps, 75 Ambulance Divisions, 26 Sections, and 107 Nursing Divisions have been formed and registered, making a total increase of 214 units with a p e rso n n e l ex ceeding 4.000. This brings the total strength of the Bri gade up to 58,000, including those on service. T h e Nava l and Military Authorities have been supplied with 4 , 1 06 men, bringing the total number of Brigade men supplied through the Reserves up to 20,570 Deaths to the number of 176 have been notified to date, which are made up as follows :— 40 Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Btrth Reservt, ... Royal Naval Divison 25 Military H o m e Hospitals Reserve ( R . A M C. E x Force) Other Military Units V . A . D . Nurses Serving Abroad

83 26 2 Total

176

1,764 member of Nursing Divisiong are serving in Military Hospitals at home and abroad. Twenty-six men’s and 84 W omen’s Brigade Volu n tary Aid Detachments have been formed, making a total of 199 M e n ’s Detachments with 7,577 members, and 392 W om en ’s Detachments with 13,504 members. A b o u t two-thirds of these Detachments are engaged in the transport of the sick and wounded, or acting as hospital orderlies in the case of men, and in nursing and general duties in Auxiliary Hospitals in the case of women. From the few above remarks, it will be seen that the Brigade has not been found wanting in what it has set itself to do, and is to be congratulated on the result of this year’s work, which must have been one of the most trying since its inauguration. It is hoped that this good work will be continued next year, which may call for greater energy and sacrifice. T h e greatest credit

is due

the

D epu ty

Com

December, 1916.

AID. —

missioners and Officers of the Brigade for the promptness, zeal and energy with which the work of the Brigade, under war conditions, has been carried on in the various Districts. T h e headquarters office is also to be complimented on the manner in which it carried out its duties during the absence of the C h ief Commissioner in France.

3The Grand ? rio r g of th t Order 3ohn ol J eru sa lem in S n g la n d .

\“

ill

°J *^e )^0SP'tal °f AM BU LAN CE

3Thc S t . No. . District. D eputy W.

D ISTR ICT

C o m m is s io n e r : H.

D EPARTM ENT.

J o h n .A m bulance S r ig a d e . ORDERS.

------

W IN N Y .

M E M O R IA L

S E R V IC E

S T . J O H N ’S C H U R C H .

S u n d a y , D e c e m b e r 3 1 s t, h a s b e e n s e t a p a r t fo r a d a y o f in t e r c e s s io n in t h e C h u r c h e s fo r th e w o r k o f th e O r d e r o f S t. J o h n a n d th e R e d C r o s s . M e m b e r s o f th e B r ig a d e a t t e n d in g s e r v ic e s a r e d e s ir e d to d o so in u n ifo rm . A t th e P r io r y C h u r c h o f th e O r d e r o f S t. J o h n , t h e R e v . T . C . E ls d o n , M .A ., h a s k in d ly c o n s e n t e d to c o n d u c t a t 11 .3 0 a .m . a s p e c ia l s e r v ic e in m e m o r y o f th e m e m b e r s o f N o . 1 D is t r ic t w h o h a v e d ie d w h ils t o n s e r v ic e fo r t h e ir c o u n t r y . I t is h o p e d th a t a s m a n y m e m b e r s o f A m b u l a n c e a n d N u r s in g D iv is io n s , w h o a r e n o t p le d g e d to a tt e n d o t h e r s e r v ic e s , w ill b e p r e s e n t. F u rth e r in s t r u c t io n s w ill b e is s u e d la t e r , b u t in th e m e a n t im e o ffic e r s in c h a r g e o f D iv is io n s s h o u ld n o t ify h o w m a n y a r e e x p e c t e d to b e p r e s e n t in o r d e r th a t s u it a b le a c c o m m o d a t io n m a y b e p r o v id e d . W h e r e a n y m e m b e r o f a D iv is io n h a s d ie d o n s e r v ic e e a r ly in tim a t io n s h o u ld b e se n t to h e a d q u a r t e r s s o t h a t a r r a n g e m e n t m a y b e m a d e to in c lu d e th e n a m e in th e lis t o f H o n o u r . T h e n e a r r e la t iv e s o f th o s e w h o h a v e th u s d ie d s h o u ld b e in v ite d b y t h e D iv is io n a l O ffic e r s to a tt e n d th e s e r v ic e , a n d i f d u e n o t ic e is g iv e n s e a ts w ill b e r e s e r v e d fo r th e m . HONORARY

M EM BERS ATTACH ED S P E C IA L S E R V IC E .

FOR

P e r s o n s w h o a r e e x e m p t e d b y T r ib u n a ls o n c o n d it io n t h a t t h e y j tin th e S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e s h o u ld , i f t h e y a r e a tt a c h e d to a n A m b u la n c e D iv is io n , h a v e t h e ir n a m e s a n d a tt e n d a n c e s a t d r ill e n t e r e d o n B .F . 3, s e p a r a t e ly fro m th e o r d in a r y D iv is io n a l R e c o r d s . A p p lic a t i o n fo r s u c h p e r s o n s to b e e n r o lle d s h o u ld b e m a d e on B .F . 14 (n o t in d u p lic a te ) . T h e s e h o n o r a r y m e m b e r s s h o u ld b e d e s c r ib e d on B .F . 14, as “ H o n o r a r y m e m b e r s a tt a c h e d fo r s p e c ia l s e r v ic e . T h e y s h o u ld o b t a in a F ir s t A i d C e r t ific a t e (S t. J o h n ) w ith in th r e e m o n th s o f b e in g a t t a c h e d , a n d a r e th e n e lig ib le to b e c o m e o r d in a r y m e m b e r s o f th e D iv is io n . F .B . 3 s h o u ld b e k e p t r e a d y fo r in s p e c t io n a t a n y m o m e n t, i f r e q u ir e d b y th e A u t h o r it ie s . ( S ig n e d )

W . H. W IN N Y ,

D eputy-C om m issioner. H e a d q u a r t e r s :— S t. J o h n ’s G a t e , C le r k e n w e ll, E .C .

W a l t h a m s t o w .— W e h e a r t h a t th e A m b u la n c e S t a t io n is n o w n e a r in g c o m p le t io n a n d w ill b e o p e n e d e a r ly in th e N e w Y ear. T h e s ta tio n h a s b e e n b u ilt a t a c o s t o f £ 1 ,2 5 0 , a n d th e m e m b e r s a r e to b e c o n g r a t u la t e d on th e ir s u c c e s s fu l e ffo r ts to p r o v id e t h e m s e lv e s w ith p e r m a n e n t h e a d q u a r t e r s . T h e s ta tio n w ill h e o p e n e d b o th d a y a n d n ig h t , w ith m e m b e r s a lw a y s in a tte n d a n ce . I t s h o u ld t h e r e fo r e p r o v id e a u s e fu l a s s e t to th e d is t r ic t . H a m p s t e a d ( N o . 20) D i v i s i o n .— A n in t e r e s t in g c e r e m o n y to o k p la c e at th e Town H a ll, H a m p s t e a d , on N o v e m b e r 2 1st, w h en th e M ayor p re s e n te d a m b u la n c e a w a r d s to th e m e m b e r s o f t h e D iv is io n , a n d h a n d e d to D r. C . H . R . M acF a d d e n an illu m in a t e d a d d r e s s fro m

December, 1916

— F I R S T

the members of the Division on his transfer to head quarters as District Chief Surgeon. During the course of the proceedings Dr. Corbet Fletcher, the Hon. Div. Surgeon, gave an interesting address on the History of Ambulance Work, in which he traced ambulance work from the early Roman period to the present day. This was followed by a demon stration in ambulance work by the members of the District, which was carried out in a realistic manner and proved to the large audience the usefulness of ambulance training.

No. 3 District. M a r k e t H a r k o r o u g h .— Hearty congratulations will be extended to Sergt. C. H. Maycock, of this Division, who has been awarded the Military Medal while serving with the R.A.M.C. in France. Sergt. Maycock was for some years a prominent member of the local St. John Ambulance Division, in which he attaind the rank of sergeant. Sergt. Maycock voluntarily joined the R.A.M.C. as private in August, 1915, and went to France in January of this year. He has just received the full rank of sergeant.

No. 4 District. C h e s t e r . — The ceremony of the Dedication of the Flag of H . M . S. “ Chester” took place on November 12th in the historic

Cathedral at Chester, in memory of the bravery displayed by John Travers Cornwell at the Battle of Jutland on May 31st, 1916. The St. John Ambulance County Company attended Divine Service at the invitation of the Mayor (Alderman John Meadows Frost). They were afterwards inspected by Lieut.-General W. Pitcairn Campbell, commanding the Western command, followed by a march, in which the local volunteers and the Red Cross took part. This is the first time the St. John Ambulance Com pany has taken a prominent part in a pubhc function, and it created a good impression. The Company was under Com mandant T. Oldham and Quartermaster Mr. W. H. Dascombe.

No. 5 District. S h ip l e y a n d

AID. — active service in the Brigade Hospital in France, the R.A.M.C., the Royal Navy, and other branches of His Majesty’s Forces, while 48 of the remaining members are actively engaged in V.A.D. work. The officers responsible for the management and control of the division include one Divisional Surgeon, one Superintendent, two Ambulance Officers, two Sergeants, and seven Corporals. “ The V.A.D.,” the statement continued, was formed and mobilised in November, 1915, with a registered number— Kent 55, and its members have carried out the transport of all the wounded men assigned to this district, as well as furnishing night orderlies at the two local V.A.D. Hospitals. The public duties performed by the division have been carried out promptly and efficiently, and comprise 18 private removals, 27 accidents attended, minor cases treated 29 ; while over 380 wounded men have been transported from trains and to and from hospitals.

No. 12 (Irish) District. The annual report of the Deputy Commissioner, Dr. Lumsden, is most gratifying to Irish readers, recording, as he points out, another year of strenuous work and efficient and ready service of all ranks. Close on ten thousand wounded men have been landed in Dublin since the war broke out, and these have been taken from their cots in the ships, borne on stretchers to ambulance wagons and trains, and conveyed from thence to the various hospitals in Dublin, Belfast, Cork, and elsewhere. This is work of capital importance, relieving the Royal Army Medical Corps of a heavy burden which must otherwise devolve upon them. St. John and British Red Cross orderlies and nurses, aided in first class fashion by the Automo bile Club, worked together in complete harmony in accom plishing this, the whole being personally supervised on each occasion by Dr. Lumsden. Over 500 St. John Ambulance men from Ireland are now serving with the R.A.M.C. or the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve in various parts of the world. W ar

D i s t r i c t .— The annual inspection of the

Shipley Corps took place last month, the inspecting officer be ing Asst.-CommissionerE. Charlesworth. His observations upon the appearance of officers, nurses, and men were of a highly complimentary nature. An examination of the books and papers relating to the work and finances of the corps elicited much praise, and the efforts of the various honorary secretaries were appreciated. He gave a resume of the work of the brigade in the recent munition disaster in Yorkshire, and said that on that occasion a school was made ready to receive injured men within the space of sixty minutes—a good indication of what could be achieved by the members of this Corps.

No. 6 District. An interesting volume on the Red Cross work of the St. fohn Ambulance Brigade and the British Red Cross Society has just been published. The book is a record of the work accom plished by the members of the V .A .D .’s in the Counties of Northumberland and Durham during the first seventeen months of the war. There are in these two counties forty hospitals with 1,570 beds, and in which 12,649 patients have been treated. A detailed statement of each detachment is given, also the p erso n n el of each Auxiliary Hospital, with many illustrations. The book is a spendid record of w-ork accomplished and in future years will be a souvenir to look back upon.

No. 8 District. M a i d s t o n e . — The annual public meeting of the division was held at the Town Hall, Maidstone, on November 29th The Mayor presided, supported by the Mayoress, Mrs. G Blackett (lady superintendent) and others. The second annual report of the Divisional Superintendent (Mr. P. W. Hawkes) wa? first submitted, showing that the division now has a strength of 70 members, of whom 19 are on

H o s p it a l

Supply

D epots.

St. John Detachments are rendering splendid service in the various and constantly increasing provincial supply depots. They have indeed proved themselves the backbone of the organisation, and in addition to this the men’s divisions are taking up the making of splints, crutches and equipment for wounded soldiers. Following a suggestion by Dr. Lumsden, made at a Red Cross Garden Party recently in Blackrock, a woodworkers’ centre has been established, and already a score of competent craftsmen have enrolled and are turning out ex cellent work. Mr. Charles Bewley is acting as hon. secretary. It is hoped that within the next few weeks a public meeting will be held in this district, and that many valuable recruits will come forward. F in a n c e .

Roughly the cost of maintaining No 12 District for this year amounts to ,£1,335. This includes grants to Hospitals, Buffets, Ambulance and Nursing Units of £450, tobacco and cigarettes close on £200, stretchers, stores and badges £200. printing and postage £170, and the astonishingly small sum of £92 for salaries. O f the income, which amounts to about £1000 (the remainder having been derived from the previous Balance in Bank), £760 was raised by subscriptions and collections, and £ 1 7 3 from sale of brooches and badges. The report closed with a fitting reference to the Sinn Fein Rising “ During the recent Sinn Fein Rising our men and nurses worked efficiently and well, rendering first aid to everyone in need of it, whether soldier, civilian, or rebel, and many displayed gallantry of a high order. Every Brigade Detachment is splendidly led by enthusiastic and highly trained officers, both male and female. Our Detachments have been inspected and re-examinations held to test their efficiency and to maintain a high standard of knowledge and discipline. As time goes on our Brigade becomes more highly organised and efficient, and as a Red Cross Organisation has proved itself useful, and has attained to its lofty ideal P ro U tilila te H om inum .

— F I R S T

i 04 Lady A rnst Cu p.

The competition for this valuable cup generously presented by Lady Arnst for competition amongst the British Red Cross and St. John Nursing units will be held early in February. It is earnestly hoped that there will be a good entry from provincial units. A p p o in t m e n t s , &c.

Miss Hackett, late Lady Superintendent of the Temple Hill Auxiliary Hospital, Blackrock, Dublin, is now at Cottonera Hospital, Malta, and writes that she is very happy and has plenty of hard work. Miss Hackett is a native of Birr, and comes of a distinguished military family. Miss Leslie Ellis has recently been appointed First Nursing Officer, Wicklow Nursing Division, and is taking a very active interest in the Unit. The following Ambulance Divisions give regular assistance at the Soldiers’ Central Club, viz., Kingstown, City of Dublin, Land Commission, Royal College of Science. O f f ic e r s A p p o in t e d .

In the Public Services Corps Corps-Supt. James H. Webb has been appointed as Acting Corps Superintendent, vice Corps Supt. A. Baker, M.D., who reverts to Divisional rank. Mr. A . M. Fullerton as Corps Officer, and Mr. W. Harding as Corps Secretary. Corps Supt. James H. Webb has likewise

December. 1916

AID. —

F irs t

A id

In stru ctio n

P o p u la r

D em o n stra tio n . A t the invitation of the Police Reserve (or Special C o n stabulary) and by the courtesy of the C h ie f Constable of the County Borough of Southend-on-Sea, the “ S ” Division Metropolitan Police Ambulance T eam gave a display of “ First Aid to the Injured at the Empire Theatre on the n t h inst. T h e entertainment was well attended by the members of the various first aid bodies of Southend, and the uniforms of the St. John, R ed Cross and V . A . D . ’ s were a prominent feature of the assembly. P.C. Matthews and his team had prepared an excellent programme of items which they displayed in a very skilful and realistic manner. With the aid of stage scenery and effects, and the assistance of an “ interfering bystander,” and an equally obstructive “ street arab,” these items were a source of keen interest. T h e wrapt attention of the spectators proved how carefully the movements of the operators were watched, and the applause for each item in dicated the appreciation of the audience. Thes e disolays are proving very popular and attractive, and the “ S ” Division team are to be complimented upon the skill and energy shown in their unique entertainment. It is believed that the study of first aid is made more inter esting, and that these “ object lessons” are of value as an instruction. T h e y also form an admirable means of pastime, at the same time may prove of incalculable benefit to the furtherance of first aid to the injured.

R e vie w s. B y courtesy)

Sham

R a ilw a y

[ C .I V .R y . M a g a zin e.

S m ash

P a d d in g t o n P r a c t ic e . at

for

OUR

F i r s t -A id

Spinal case being lowered through window of jammed door.

H O SPITAL

A.B.C.

Pictures by Joyce Dennys. Verses by Hampden Cordon and M. C. Tindall. London : John Lane.

been appointed Acting Corps Superintendent County of Dublin Corps vic e Corps Supt. Holden Stodart, killed on duty. It is with particular pleasure that we record the award of Hon. Serving Brother which has been conferred by the Order of St. John on Mr. A. J. Connor. Since 19 14 Mr. Connor has been one of the most respected and active members of the Brigade. He has been the right hand man of the Deputy-Commissioner, and by his ability, tact and organising powers has helped materially in promoting the work of St. John in Ireland. In the early days of the war he took a prominant part in recruiting for the Military Home Hospital Reserve and the Royal Naval Sick Birth Reserve, and as the Chief Secretary for the District he has put through an enormous amount of corre spondence. Although of a retiring and modest disposition, he has, by his fairmindedness, sympathy and s a v io r fa ire earned the respect of the District, and in doing honour to his splendid services the Order could not have chosen a more deserving representative in the whole of Ireland.

P ric e js . 6d. net. This is a most amusing book of coloured sketches, skits on the duties of the Women’s V .A.D .’s, accompanying each sketch being a verse, and the whole presenting a very inter esting volume.

T h e Brigade Overseas has valuable

work

connection

been, and is still with

the

war

doing,

in all

the

Dominions and Colonies, and has furnished contingents for service Overseas with the local forces.

It has also supplied

a certain number of Orderlies and Nursing Sisters for the Military Hospitals at home and on the Continent.

Owing

to distance and stress of circumstances it has not been found possible to furnish full particulars with the regularity that can be observed with regard to the Brigade at home,

T h e offices of all departments at St. John’s Gate will be closed from Saturday afternoon, 23rd December, until T hursday morning, 28th December, 1916.

When corresponding with Advertisers please men tion “ First Aid.”

but careful records are being kept, and when the war ends, will be compiled in a separate report.

T h e latest detach

ments to be utilised at the Front are those supplied from the Brigade Overseas within the Empire of India for ser vice in Mesopotamia. Brigade Overseas men are also fighting and serving practically in every theatre of war where the British forces are engaged.

December, 1916.

— F IR ST

A ID

S T

THE

J O G

The

B a iliff

ST.

H A

E g le .

P e r r o t t , whose portrait we reproduce on this page, is one of the illustrious band who have been associated with the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John since its foundation. Sir Herbert Perrott was an executive officer of the Order from 1875 t0 19 1 5, having been assistant secretary from 1875 to 1888, secretary (appointed by King Edward V II ., when Grand Prior), from 1895 to 1910, and secretarygeneral (appointed by King George V.) from 1910 to 1915, whtn His Royal Highness the D u ke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, vacated the office of Bailiff of Egle, held by His Royal Highness himself for several years previously, and promoted Sir Herbert Perrott thereto as a special mark of approval of his long a n d ’ valuable servicts. S ir H e r b e r t

C o l . S ir

H erbert

P errott, Bt.

Sir Herbert Perrott’s father, the late Sir Edward G. L. Perrott, who was the connecting link between the old Order of Malta and the revived English Langue, was elected Bailiff of E g le in 1855. In 1876 Sir Herbert was honorary secretary of the Eastern War Sick and Wounded Relief Fund, instituted by the Order to help the sick and wounded during the Turco-Servian War, as a reward for which service he was made a Kn ig ht of Justice h o n o ris c a u s a ; and has

JO H N

N E

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AMBULANCE

M E

GAZETTE. -

>05

held from time to time various offices connected with tile work of tne Order during forty years. H e was a repre sentative member of the “ Central British R e d Cross C o m mittee,” charged by the War Office with the management of the auxiliary measures for the relief of the sick and wounded during the South African War, of 1899-1902; and in October, 1914, was elected, and still is, the vice-chairman of the Joint War Committee of the Order of St. John and the British R ed Cross Society, the huge work of which during the present war is matter of common knowledge In 1877 Sir Herbert Perrott became chief secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association on its institution as a part of the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John. H e held that office till 1915, consequently the whole of the organisation and development of the movement has passed through his hands, and has frequently been due to his initiative, while the value of his services has constantly been referred to in the highest terms by the directors and chairmen of the department. When Sir Herbert Perrott accepted office in 1875 the Order of Sr. John was in a very different position to what it is now. It was practically a small private philanthropic body ; the St. John Ambulan ce Association and its offshoots did not exist. T h e Order of St, John rented one small room in St. John’s Gate, then the property of a former secretary-general, the late Sir E d m u nd A. H. Lechmere, B t , M . P . , a n d its vested capital and income were insignificant. During Sir Herbert Perrott’s tenure of office the whole Gateway and much of thejadjoining property have become the Order’s own freehold, and the last balance-sheet shows very considerable assets. When the Order conceived in 1877 the idea of starting what became known as the “ St. John Ambulance Associa tion,” it only contemplated the formation of a civilian reserve to the Army Medical Department, which might be utilised in the time of war. A preliminary meeting was held at Woolwich, two surgeon-majors in the Army were detailed by the War Office as instructors and examiners, and permission was granted to purchase stores from the Royal Arsenal. It was, however, rapidly brought to the notice of the executive of the Order that a general knowledge of “ first aid to the injured ” in civil life in time of peace was equally as important as training in the care and transport of the wounded in time of war, more especially in the great in dustrial occupations. This led to the extension of the Order’s Ambulance Department to the two great branches, the “ St. John Ambulan ce A ssociatio n ” and the “ St. John Ambulance Brigade,” both of which have units in every part of the K i n g ’s Dominions at home and beyond the Seas, and are too well-known to need description. During the present war the Order has mobilised 779 of its Voluntary Aid Detachments with a strength of 2 6 ,1 3 3 , and has 214 hospitals with an aggregate of 1 1 , 1 7 1 beds. This does not include the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital in France, which is considered excellent in every way, and has 580 beds, all in huts. T h e St. John Hospital at Southport V . A . D . hospital in England, with 500 beds.

is the largest

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ST.

In the year ending September 30th, 1915, Sir Herbert Perrott was succeeded by the present chief secretary, Major W. O, Pritchard. T h is brief statement might be very much enlarged, but is sufficient to show that the work which for the past 40 years has been under Sir Herbert Perrott’s supervision, at the increasing sacrifice of leisure and even of health, has been undeniably of a patriotic and philanthropic nature. During these many years, Sir Herbert Perrott’s only nominal relaxation for long periods at a time has been service in his County Regiment of Militia.

The

M e ch a n ics By

W ILLIA M

of R.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

December, 1916.

action but to the action of the limb muscles, and to suction caused by the expansion of the chest cavity during inspiration, in co-operation with the valves. T his explains why prolonged standing still is so fatiguing and tends to cause varicose veins, and affords one example of the b-nefits derived from deep breathing. T h e muscles affect the blood circulation in the same way, but to a varying extent, in other parts of the body. T h e veins carry the blood to the right auricle of the heart through which it passes to the right ventricle, whence it is propelled through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. Air reaches the lungs through the nostrils (or mouth), the pharynx, larynx, bronchi and bronchial tubes. The

C irc u la tio n . EDW ARDS.

( C o n tin u ed fro m pag e 8 6 .) may be classified a s deep seated and superficial; the former usually run alongside the arteries and the latter lie just beneath the skin. Although when two or more veins join they make a larger vein than either one 01 them, the lumen of this vein is not so great as the total of its affluent veins so that the three veins entering the heart are much less than the aggregate of the small veins leaving the capillaries ; in fact they are reduced to about twice the size of the aorta. T h e veins are very similar in construc tion to the arteries but their walls are very much thinner, and with the exception of the venae cavae they collapse when empty. Veins, especially those of the limbs, the lower limbs in particular, are supplied with semi-lunar valves, with their pockets opening towards the heart to prevent the backward flow of blood. N o valves are found in very small veins, nor in several of the large ones, e.g. the venae cavae and the pulmonary veins. T h e provision of valves may at first sight appear unnecessary seeing that the heart is constantly at work circulating the blood. T h e effect of muscular action must not, however, be overlooked and it will be more readily understood when it is realised that in walking, every time the thigh is behind the centre line of the body the femoral vein is pressed upon, and its walls come together, and that it is not until the limb is brought forward that the course of blood in this vein ceases to be inter rupted. Ooviously if there were no valves the blood above the part, first compressed and then allowed to expand, would descend and the circulation in the limb would be seriously impeded. While on the subject of muscular pressure on blood vessels, it is well to consider the fact that the blood pressure in the feet when one stands is not, as might appear natural, uncomfortable. O n e would imagine that arterial blood aided by gravity would rush downwards and at the lowest point the blood vessels would have to bear the pressure of a double column— in the arteries and in the veins— reaching to the heart. T h a t this is not so is due to the contraction of the arteries of the leg and foot when the upright position is assumed, brought about by the vaso-motor nerves and by pressure from the surrounding muscles, so that these vessels do not carry the same quantity of blood as when one is lying down, and the pressure in the feet is not much greater in the former than in the latter position. T h e question that naturally follows is, how when one is standing is sufficient pressure provided to force the blood up the veins to the heart ? T h e answer is that the upward flow is due not mainly to the heart’s V e in s

F i g . 7. — D i a g r a m

sh o w in g

V a l v e s in a V e in .

A, vein laid open showing the va he pockets ; C, capilliary end of vein ; H, heart end of vein. In the upper figure the arrow shows the normal direction of the blood flow. In the lower figure it shows an attempted backward flow which the valve is arresting. bronchial tubes diminish in size by division and sub division within the lungs and eventually assume minute dimensions. Examination under a microscope shows that each of these minute bronchial tubes finally divides into a cluster of very small bulbs of which there are an immense number. E t c h of these bulbs, called alveoli, receives air through the bronchial tube of which its particular cluster forms the termination. T h e walls of the alveoli consist of fine elastic connective tissue lined by thin flat cells. A network of capillaries is present in the elastic tissue, and is separated from the air only by the flat cells. In this way air comes in contact with the venous blood brought to the lungs, with which it exchanges oxygen for carbonic acid gas and water vapour (steam,) thereby purifying and enrich ing the blood and itself receiving impurities. Veins now collect the blood, which has become arterial, and carry it to the left auricle. When blood vessels unite they are said to anastomose. Branches given off by arteries anastomose freely with each other ; capillaries anastomose to form a n etw ork; veins likewise anastomose to form a network and also larger trunks to carry blood to the heart. In this way means are provided for what is known as collateral circulation. At no time does a ll the blood in circulation pass through the principal channels available, as some of it finds its way into branches of the large arteries or veins and later returns to the main channels in order to continue its journey. If a large artery or vein is obstructed the neighbouring veins or arteries (as the case may be) gradually become enlarged and blood is carried through them to return to the obstructed blood vessel beyond the point of obstruction, thus enabling the circulation to be maintained. There is extra free anastomosis about the joints so as to make the circulation as far as possible independent of the main blood vessels there, which are liable to become temporarily obstructed by the movements at the joint. Anastomosis is also free in other parts of the body, so much so that even if the innominate artery were com pletely obstructed the right upper limb and the right side of the head would still get a tolerable supply of blood

December, 1916.

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

because a great number of small branches of the left carotid, left subclavian and other arteries anastomose with small branches of the large arteries on the right hand side. An example of anastomosis of veins may be seen at the back of the hand and wrist. Various methods have been devised for ascertaining the blood pressure in the blood vessels of different parts of the body. An instrument much used in the medical pro fession fs Riva R o c c i’s sphygmomanometer, which consists of a leather or canvas band about four inches wide, which is fitted with straps and buckles. Inside the band is a rubber bag corresponding in size and shape with the band and provided with a bulb or pump with which to inflate it. There is also a tube communicating with the bulb and with a column of mercury. T h e observer buckles the band enclosing the rubber bag round the subject’s arm, places his finger on the pulse at the wrist and inflates the bag until the brachial artery is compressed to the extent neces sary to stop the pulse. T h e pressure in the bag is recorded by the rise of the column of mercury and is noted by the observer, who reads from a scale graduated in millimetres. A rise of 50 millimetres roughly corresponds with a blood pressure of 1 lb. to the square inch in the brachial artery. T h e pressure as shown in this way is the maximum in the artery— that is to say when the pulse wave is at its height due to the systole of the left ventricle of the heart— but when the pulse wave has passed on the pressure naturally falls. T o determine the pressure in the artery during diastole of the ventricle requires more elaborate apparatus, but it has been determined, as have also the pressures in

JOH N

AM BULANCE

107

GAZETTE—

plasma. T his fluid flows in lymph spaces where it bathes and nourishes the tissues; it is then carried by delicate lymphatic vessels into the main lymphatics and thence to the thoracic duct. Some of the lymphatics receive fats from the lining of the intestine and convey them to the lower part of the thoracic duct up which they travel in com pany with lymph received from other parts of the body, to be poured into the veins at the base of the left side o f the root of the neck and thence to pass through the superior vena cava to the heart. T h e fats now mix with and enrich the venous blood and pass unchanged with it along its ordinary course till it reaches the capillaries of the systemic circulation. There is thus a lymphatic circulation partly separate from the blood circulation and partly in company with it. T h e pressure in the capillaries is by no means sufficient to account entirely for the movement of lymph, nor is there anything of the nature of a heart at any part of its independent course. What then is the motive power ? Several causes combine to provide this ; partly the pressure at which it is secreted from the capillaries into the lymphatic spaces, but more particularly the contractions of the muscles of the body. But little lymph flows, in normal

other parts of the blood vessels. T h e following table, which appears in Starling’s “ Principles of Human Physiology,” shows the mean be tween the systolic and diastolic blood pressures at different parts of the vascular system in man, in the horizontal position. T h e pressures are all subject to considerable variations according to the activity of the individual and the physiological activity of the various parts and organs of the body. M illim e tre s o f M e rc u ry . B lo o d Vessels. 90 (6 5 -11 0 ) L a r g e a r t e r i e s (e.g ., c a r o t i d ) ... 8S M e d i u m a r t e r i e s (e.g., r a d i a l ) 15 to-40 .................. C apillaries, a b o u t S m a l l v e i n s o f a r m ... 9 10 P o rta l vein ................................. Inferior vena cava ... 3 o to-8 L a r g e v ein s o f n eck , Irom N . B .— 50 m i l l i m e t r e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l a p r e s s u r e o f 1 lb. t o t h e s q u a r e i n c h . Blood in the capillaries of the stomach and the intestines collects water and nutriment (fats excepted) from these organs and the veins which carry this blood away unite with veins from the spleen and pancreas to form the portal vein. T his vein instead of proceeding direct to the inferior vena cava goes to the liver where it breaks up into capillaries which permeate that organ. Here the blood is made to give up any surplus sugar which it has collected from the stomach and intestines to be stored by the liver until required. If, on the other hand, the blood has failed to obtain the requisite amount of sugar before reaching the liver it can draw upon the supply held in reserve there. Thes e capillaries re-unite to form the portal vein which in turn joins the inferior vena cava. There is no other example in the body of veins splitting up into capillaries. Fats are conveyed to the blood by the agency of lymph in a system of vessels called lymphatics. Lym ph is a colourless fluid that exudes through the walls of capillaries and may be looked upon as a part of the

F ig . 8 . —T h e T h o r a c ic

D uct.

1, 1, r ib s (c u t) ; a, c h y le r e c e p t a c le ; b, tr u n k o f t h o r a c ic d u c t ; c, p o in t o f e n t r y in to v e in ; f, le ft j u g u l a r v e in ; g , le ft s u b c la v ia n v e in ; h , s u p e r io r v e n a c a v a ; d , ly m p h a t ic g la n d s .

circumstances, from a resting limb, but movement of the limbs at once causes a flow of lymph from them. All the lymphatics are provided with semi-lunar valves which ensure that the lymph can only flow in one direction— to the thoracic duct and up it to the veins at the neck. This affords an example of the value of exercise. T h e upward flow of lymph in the thoracic duct is greatly aided by the

io8

— F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

movements of breathing, as with every inspiration the lymphatics from the intestine and the lower part of the duct are subjected to pressure due to the depression of the diaphragm, and the upper part of the duct rising, as it does, through the cavity of the chest enlarged by the raising of the ribs and the depression of the diaphragm, exercises suction. T h e valves in the duct, of course, prevent downward flow. In this way is explained what is at first sight the paradox of matter in motion without sufficient cause. Blood having received water and nutriment from what is eaten or drunk thus reaches the right side of the heart partly through the inferior and partly through the superior vena cava, and as blood also comes from the heart muscle through the coronary sinus three varieties of venous blood are to be found there. These are alike, inasmuch as they are without enough oxygen and contain carbonic acid gas and other impurities, but differ as follows :— Blood brought by the superior vena cava is rich in fats. Blood brought by the inferior vena cava is rich in other forms of nutriment and contains a larger proportion of water than other blood. Blood from the heart contains no nutriment. These three varieties of blood mix to some extent in their passage through the heart, but thorough mixing does not take place until the blood has passed through the capillaries of the lungs to be brought back as arterial blood fitted to perform its functions in the system, the only impurities being urea and other nitrogenous matter which will be excreted through the agency of the kidneys. ( T o be continued.)

V .A D .’s

R e tire m e n t

E xp e rie n c e

D u rin g

th e

of th e M o n te n e g rin A rm y . ( C on clu ded fro m

page 8 8 .)

h e morning passed slowly, the quay grew more and more crowded, wounded Serbians arrived, refugees, 28 English naval men in rags, some very ill, and all more or less exhausted, from the terrible times they had passed through since retreating from Belgrade. Big guns were being fired, not far off aeroplanes circled over our heads. A t 2, the General and Start arrived, and by 2.30 every body was on board. H ow we all found a place is a marvel. I sat on the deck, it had turned very cold and being low one stood a better chance of keeping warm. Scutari was reached at 5.30, fortunately it was dark. T h e steamer we were on had no gangway, and we had to descend into the little boats by clambering over the side and dropping trusting to luck that the man below would catch you. In the town we found rooms with hay on the floor had bean provided for the Missions, 40 of the students and 12 of ourselves. T n e rooms were clean and we had a stove, so had a meal; we turned in about 1 a.m. to sleep. When we left Scutari it was fine, but later the rain came in soaking torrents and soon we were hopelessly wet. T h e road became worse and worse. W e passed many dead and dying horses, and one soldier at his last gasp. I had a piece of bread on me, and g iv e it him, it was all I had, but I much doubt if he had sufficient strength left to eat such an unappetising morsel as damp black bread, but he seemed grateful and whispered a word of thanks.

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

December, 1916

Having walked for about five hours, we met the man who had been sent on to engage rooms for the night, and we were conducted into an Albanian house, upstairs into a seemingly very clean room. Our host lit a fire for us, but there being no chimney one was soon over-powered with smoke, but we were able to dry ourselves a little and re moved as many of our damp things as possible. All the males of the family sat with us in a ring round the fire on the floor. Later the other members of the Mission turned up, a meal was produced and we were quite happy. Our content was somewhat marred by our host telling us that the floor was unsafe. N o accidents and we retired, 14 in all, to sleep on the floor of this room. It poured all n i g h t ; we were up at 6, and ready, for once in a way, to start by 7. It rained until 10, and was then fine and quite warm, but we were all more or less wet to the knets. M y feet were very painful, and the mid-day heat rather trying as we were obliged to wear fairly thick clothes to keep out the wet. We walked without a stop from 7 a m . to 12.30 p.m., having then been told we had four hours more walking. I called a halt, as I was feeling queer. We had some biscuits and potted-meat each and three figs, and at 1 p.m. started on again. A t 4 o ’clock we saw we were approaching the little town of Medua. When we eventually arrived we were told “ the boat is in and we are to hurry on at once, two hours more walk.” M y feelings for the moment can be better imagined than described ; we dare not rest again even for five minutes because we should never have been able to re-start, so wearily we plodded on, hurry was out of the question, though at various points we met officials, whojtold us to do so. Ultimately, at 6.30, we arrived at Medua Port, a wee place in ruins— the Austrians had bombarded it the week before and sent every steamer to the bottom— we could see the masts of 13 small steamers. There were three stone shell-riddled buildings fairly “ liveable ” left and a wooden hut (a portable one) on the shore. We had walked over 22 miles that day, being on the moor n £ hours with one half-hour’s stop, and our rations had been three buiscuits, three figs and two small pieces of chocolate (the rest of our food we gave to a very starving man) Having arrived at the port we discovered that the boat might start at any moment after dark ; it was already full, they had really places for 50 on board and eventually sailed with 500 ! There was nowhere to sit down, no house to take shelter in and no food. It ended eventually in our hav ing to walk up and down till 11.30 p.m. so as to keep warm, as once the sun goes down the nights are cold. A t 8, an American managed to get us each a ration of black bread, which satisfied us somewhat, and I found a tub and sat on it inside the hut later, but it was so painful moving again. After that we decided it was better to move about on shore otherwise we knew that our fate would be bad rheumatics. A t 11 30 others arrived ; in vain we tried to get on board the then already overloaded boat, but, alas ! just too late, and off she went. T h e journey had to be made in the dark between Med ua and Bridisi on account of Austrian sub marines, which were all over the place. T h e next thing to do was to find shelter for the night, and eventually we occupied the wooden hut, which con sisted of two rooms, one a bar, which was being done away with the next dayq Our small store of food was enough to last another 10 days, and we had no idea how long we should be kept at Medua, or whether we should ever escape. T h e Austrian submarines were very busy quite near the shore, and while we were there a small tug carrying flour to Santain was torpedoed and all 011 board drowned not half-mile away from

D e c e m b e r , i 9 i 6.

— F IR S T

A ID

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us. T h e Port Captain allowed us a small portion of bread each day and rice and tirwied meat, but once our own sup ply was out that was all we should have, which would not satisfy our hunger. T o our great joy on Christmas eve a hospital ship arrived. We went about our packing and saw about our Christmas dinner with happy feelings. A t 11 a cry went out “ Here are the aeroplanes,” and right over head were two Austrian ones, a moment later came a fearful explosion which shook our little hut terribly; that was bomb 1, which fell within 20 yards of our hut. T h e object of the bomb ing was another small boat anchored quite close to shore, so we thought it better to make for the hills, there was much danger attached to that as many soldiers were firing their rifles up at the aeroplanes, and one felt that it was a choice of two evils, the bombs or rifle shots. Twelv e bombs were dropped, then to our relief the aeroplanes flew off. Stories vary as to the people injured. I attended one man who had been shot twice ; one story was that they thought no one had been hurt. B y 1.30 we were all packed up ready to move off, and by 2 we were on board. T h e welcome we got was delight ful, and I am sure that none of us have ever had so much kindness shown us in all our lives; they couldn’t do enough. T h e best wards were put at our disposal, and everybody kind and friendly. Christmas D ay was spent in Brindisi Harbour ; being a bad sailor I was glad we were not on the move, or I could not have enjoyed the day as I did. T h e joy of a clean bed and hot-water bath was the best of everything. When we arrived in Malta it was then decided that the doctors could go on the next day by another boat, but we four V . A . D . ’s must wait for a boat not so crowded. W e stayed as guests on the hospital ship, and kindnesses were still showered down daily in the shape of outings. New Year’s D ay we were told to be ready that afternoon and to em bark on s.s. “ Ka rnac”, a French boat, as it was useless to wait any longer for a hospital ship they were all so full. We left Malta 10 a.m. Sunday, January 2nd, and hoped to reach Marseilles on Tuesday, T h e weather was fine, warm, and the sea calm, so I quite enjoyed the trip. Mon day mid-day we were supposed to be out of the danger zone of submarines, but no such luck. A t 4 I was on deck when suddenly I saw a sailor dash over the deck below and rush up to the bridge, a few minutes later the vessel gave a tremendous surging sound, so I guessed something was up. On enquiry I learned that a submarine had just been seen and was chasing us. There was no panic, many refused to sleep below, but though I hugged my belt all night, slept sound in my little bunk. W e learnt later that we had to go 170 miles out of our course, and that Malta on receiving a wireless sent a ship to our rescue. She came into Mar seilles the same time as we did, Wednesday morning, 7 a.m. W e spent a very busy day there seeing as much as we could of the town and shops, and left by the night train for Paris, which we reached at 8 a.m. the next morning. W e reached Havre at 9 p.m. and crossed to South ampton, arriving in England 8 a.m. Friday, January 7th, having been away a year all but a week. I shall always look back with happiness to the time I spent in Montenegro ; there was much hard work, many repulsive sights, and many horrors to contend with, but it was a year full of interest, full of learning and new experi ences, which I feel sure has not often fallen to the lot of a V .A .D . Our unit was the jolliest one possible, we were all friends together ; every member was given their work, and did it, no rules and regulations of any kind. T h e doctors were kindness itself to us V . A . D . ’s, and helped us on every

JO H N

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109

possible occasion, all worked with one aim and object, the good of the cause and for the honour of St. John A m b u lance Association, and to which I owe my most grateful thanks for having chosen me to serve with Dr. C lem o w ’s unit. T

h e

n d

T h e G ra n d P rio ry of th e O rd er of th e H o sp ita l of S t. J oh n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g l a n d . C h an cery o f the O rd e r, S t. fo h n 's G a te , C le rk e n w e ll, Lo n d o n , E .C ., N o vem b er 1 8 th , iq i6 . His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :— A s K n ig h ts o f G ra c e : Lieut.-Colonel Henry Wilson Lovett. Colonel Edward Horace Lynden Ball, C.B., M.B. Colonel Sir Bertrand Edward Dawson, K.C.V.O., C.B., M.D., B.Sc., F.R.C.P. Major Archibald Young Gipps Campbell, C.I.E. A s L a d ie s o f G race : Lilian, Lady Lukis. Charlotte Heath, Mrs. C. E. Yate. Marian, Mrs. Palmer. Nancy, Miss Fieldhouse. A s H o n o ra ry S e rv in g B ro th e rs : Captain Anselm Verner Lee Guise. Captain Eden Wilberforce Paget. Charles Thomas Osborn. Charles Phillips. Walter Gordon Murray. Anthony John Connor. David Davies. Thomas Charles Davies. Richard Thomas Davies. A s H o n o ra ry S e rv in g S is te rs : Elizabeth Alice, Mrs. Pickles. Sophie, Miss Portlock Dadson. Esther, Mrs. Cardo. Muriel Adelaide, Miss Batey. The Honourable Mary Selma Cary. Winifred Mary, Miss Drummond. Jean, Miss Dickinson. Gladys Joan, Miss Ingledew. Emma Plimsoll, Mrs. Mieville. Norah Ethel, Miss Murray. Isabel Mary, Miss Pitman. Dorothy Helen, Miss Stanier. Hester, Miss Trimble. Ethel Minnie, Miss White. Eleanor, Miss Wilson. F o r E n ro lm e n t as H o n o ra ry A sso ciates . Hugh Falkenberg Powell, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Colonel George Arthur Cardew, V.D., M.R.C.S. Thomas Dobson Poole, M.D. Charles Wilson, M.D., L.R.C.S. George Rodway Swinhoe, M.R.C.S., L R.C.P D ecem ber 2 nd ,

A s K n ig h ts o f G ra ce : Major-General Sir Harry Barron, K.C.M.G., C.V.O. Major Sidney Maynard Smith, F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Surgeon.General Richard William Ford, C.B. M.R.C.S. Arthur William Faire (from Esquire). Francis Newman Ellis (from Honorary Associate).

D.S.O

— FIR ST

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JO H N

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E . — December, 1916.

Mrs. Church Brasier, who was the first L ad y Superintendent of the Division, and worked zealously in it for many years, went out with Mrs. Lines to Hampstead Heath on that day, and since then there have been Nursing Sisters placed on all the open spaces around London on Bank Holidays, thousands of cases having been attended.

A s L a d ie s o f G ra c e : Clara Emily, Lady Barron. Rachel Eleanor, Miss Crowdy, R.R.C. Charlotte Campbell, Mrs. C. Hedworth Williamson. A s E s q u ire . Captain Herbert Edward Simpson.

T h e next duty was on the occasion of the opening of the Imperial Institute on M a y 10th, 1893. T h e n came duties for the Firemen’s Tournament, and the unveiling of the memorial to the Duke of Clarence ; but the first great event when the public were to begin to see something of the work that was going to be done by the men and women of the Brigade was on that hot summer day when King George was married to the Princess May of T eck . On that day upwards of 1,500 cases of fainting and injury passed through the hands of the ambulance men and

A s H o n o ra ry S e rv in g B ro th e r : John Williams. A s H o n o ra ry S e rv in g S is te r : Margaret Ann, Mrs. Holmes. F o r E n ro lm e n t as H o n o ra ry A sso c ia te s: Major John Frank Crombie, M.D., M.B., C.M , R.A.M.C. Walter Clegg Stevenson, M.D. Thomas Herbert Goodman, M.R.C.S.

nursing sisters of the Brigade.

The

F irst B

N u rs in g S iste rs S .J .A .B , y

THEKLA

th e

BOW SER.

ew people, even those who belong to the St. John Ambulance Organisation, know precisely how the St. John Ambulance Brigade came into being, and much less how Nursing Sisters first began their voluntary work of mercy. T h e Brigade, to put it briefly, is a uniformed body of people formed out of those who have passed the Asso ciation Examinations in First Aid and H o m e Nursing. T h e first idea was to provide men in uniform to form ambulance stations at national and international exhibitions, and at other places and on occasions where large crowds assemble, the first instance being Queen Victoria’s Jubilee in 1887; but it was found when street duty was undertaken during public processions the patients were so constantly women and children that it was desirable that certificated women should be invited to form Nursing Divisions. T h e privilege of reading through the minute-book of the earliest meetings when women first formed themselves into a Nursing Division, has been given to the writer for the purpose of giving a brief account of the pioneers in the work which to-day supplies thousands of women for hospital work at home and abroad. T h e first meeting to interest and enlist women was held at St. John’s Gate on January 23rd, 1893, and it will be seen that the members of that little meeting saw far ahead when they laid it down in the rules that practical instruction should be given to the members, that they should attend lectures and, if possible, should avail them selves of any hospital training procurable. T h a t was some seventeen years before the Voluntary Aid Detachm ent Scheme was set forth by the War Office, so that it will be seen that members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were already considerably trained in hospital work when the V . A . D movement was started. A t that early meeting Mrs. Calvin Lines was appointed as Honorary Secretary, and from that day to this she has worked devotedly in the cause. She was the very first woman to put on uniform, as, in her capacity of Secretary, she was instructed, with Miss Bourke (who was also one of the earliest members), to provide the uniform which had been decided upon, and she actually wore hers before any

one else in the Brigade. T h e little company of ardent women who formed this Division went out for the very first time as Nursing Sisters of the Brigade on Ban k Holiday, April 3rd, 1893, having stations at Hamps tead Heath, Blackheath, and Chingford.

It nursing later to Prince,

is interesting to know that this little group of sisters sent a telegram of congratulation a year the D u k e and Duchess of York on the birth of the and received a very gracious reply.

T h e history t of the duties of the Brigade forms practically a history of the public life of any great city. T h e opening of Tower Bridge called out a number of the Brigade members for street duty, and from then onwards there is an unbroken record of attendance of St. John men and women on every occasion, great or small, vhen injury or accident might occur. T h e work has always been absolutely voluntary, a small subscription having been paid to belong to each Division by its members from the very beginning, and until the day when the present terrible war broke out, the labour of these men and women has always been done unobtru sively and with no desire for public recognition. Members of the Brigade have often smiled to them selves whilst on duty when hearing the remarks made about them by onlookers. O ne passer-by once audibly declared, “ Oh, they are paid out of the rates,” whilst another, who said she knew all about it, was explaining to a friend that each big hospital lent so many nurses in turn for public duty ! O ne of the earliest workers in this little band of women was Mrs. Sleath Gent, who became L a d y Inspector of Stores to St. John ’s Gate Division, and although other devoted workers rallied round loyally in those early days, all the late-comers in the Brigade should look back with respect on the names of these few officers who practically started the nursing work of the Brigade in London. O n September 4th, 1895, Mr. Church Brasier, Ch ief Superintendent, informed the nursing sisters that they would be entitled, after fifteen years’ service, to receive the “ Service Med al ” recently granted to the Brigade, and he expressed the hope that a great number, if not all, of those present would eventually receive these medals. His hopes have been most happily fulfilled, for certainly a very large majority of the early members of that first Division now wear, alongside the Jubilee Medal and the two Coronation Medals, the “ Service Medal ” given by the Order, and many of them have already added one or two bars, each of which means an additional five years’ service. T h e “ Service M e d a l ” is not easily earned, for it means fifteen years, “ efficient ” and consecutive work. It means having attended a certain number of drills every year, having been present at the annual inspection, and having passed the annual re-examination. It means that the member has looked upon his or her ambulance work as a sacred duty rather than as a hobby, and one which

December, 19 i 6.

— F IR S T

A ID

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must be done faithfully, punctually, and with a proper regard to discipline. T h es e nursing sisters of the St. John’s Gate Nursing Division started also a small charity which was to grow into quite a big affair. T h e y met regularly to make clothes for the poor, and these were distributed at Christmas to deserving people living in the neighboorhood of Clerkenwell. At the first distribution some fifty garments were given away, whilst at the last distribution before the war, the nursing sisters had collected upwards of a, thousand beautiful garments for that purpose. In 1896 the St. John’s Gate Nursing Division had the good fortune to be able to secure Mr. James Cantlie, F .R .C.S., as its lecturer, and for many years the high standard of efficiency for which the Division became famous, may be put down primarily to the admirable lectures which he gave to the members fortnight after fortnight throughout the years he was attached to the Division. In many ways this Division has been a training ground for lady superintendents and officers, so that many of the newer Divisions have the benefit of being officered by women who have been in the work fifteen or twenty years, and who can look back upon those eariy days when, instead of being in the fashion, they were apt to be thought “ eccentric ” because they put on a uniform that was not particularly attractive, and did humble work in by-streets amongst crowds with little chance of seeing any sights, or gaining any glory. Happily a great many of the early members are still energetic workers in the Brigade. Mrs. Calvin Lines now holds a staff appointment, and Mrs. Church Brasier is L ady Superintendent of a Country Division. T h e new-comers to the Brigade may well be grateful to these pioneers women who foresaw a public need, and filled it so adequately that the work has grown beyond bounds, for to-day there are St. John Nursing Divisions in every corner of the Empire, and magnificent war work has been accomplished by the members.

V .A .D .

JOHN

AMBULANCE

i n

G A Z E T T E .—

for their proper issue. Applications for such books should be made to the H on. Reginald Coventry, 83, Pall Mall, to whom the counterfoils should be returned when the books are completed. V

With regard to the silver badges granted to the War Office to those incapacitated by sickness arising from service, Co unty Directors should deal with applications for these badges in the case o f all V . A . D . ladies, where illness has been contracted in hospitals either at home or abroad, and should send such applications direct to the War Office after verifying the facts. With regard to members posted to hospitals by the Selection Board at Devonshire House, any further information that is required can be obtained from there. *

Arising out of the Army Counc il Instruction 1961 of 1916, the Central Joint V . A . D . Committee have authorised the Joint W om en ’s V . A . D . Committee to refuse to post

N ew s.

The following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department op the foin t V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading.— E d i t o r . W e desire to draw the attention of General Service

mem bers whom it may concern to the following regulations concerning their pay during sickness and holidays :— General Service members working in military hospitals are entitled to six weeks’ full pay during absence on account of sickness from Army funds, in accordance with Army Council Instruction 1060 of 1916, and Par. 5 Regulations regarding Civilians, 1915. After six weeks they receive compensation under the National Insurance Act. General Service members should receive full pay dur ing holidays under A .C .I. 1520 of 1916.

V T h e Railway Executive Committee have now granted travelling facilities, i.e., return tickets at rate of single fare, to p e rso n n e l working under the Joint Committee, even i f they a re proceeding on leave ; but no facilities can be granted unless the in d iv id u a l is tra v e llin g in u n ifo rm . T h e Railway Executive have insisted that the responsibility for issuing vouchers must rest with 83, Pall Mall, but see no reason why Books of Vouchers signed in blank should not be sent to County Directors, they in turn taking all responsibility

J. M. C

ourtney

, C.M .G .,

I.S.O.,

P re s id e n t C a n a d ia ti B ra n c h , S .f .A .A ., ig i6 . V . A . D . members to auxiliary hospitals which do not own the control or jurisdiction of the Cou nty Director, as there is no means of assurance that the V . A . D . members work ing in these hospitals will receive proper treatment or supervision.

V According to Army Counc il Instructions 1031,, all V . A . D . nursing members for military hospitals must in future be posted by Devonshire House, which will supply them on reasonable notice. Such members can, therefore, no longer be obtained locally. ***

With reference to J.V.A.D. 65, page 2, par.

(In-

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serted at the request of the Commandant-in-Chief), we are asked to state that V . A . D . members working in Territorial Force hospitals may only smoke in their own quarters when off duty, subject to the rules of the U nit or Formation with which they are working. * * *

A m on g our correspondence this month we have received the following letter from “ A Lady Dispenser,” protesting against the wording of the uniform regulation published last month, whereby dispenser, head clerks and head cooks take equal rank. She writes :— “ Surely our work stands on a separate and higher plane than of either head clerk and head cook, many of whom possess no qualifications other than experience, whereas we hold the Pharmaceutical Society’s Certificate or that of the Apothecaries’ Hall, and have been subjected to a severe test of our knowledge in an exami nation after a course of study extending over three years in the one case and six months in the other. T h e examina tion is very stiff in both cases, and many candidates fail in their first attempt. T h o u g h I am, and have been for nearly seven years, Commandant of a V . A . D ., I now invariably wear my Dispenser’s stars and stripes in preference to the C o m mandant’s. Personally, I should like to see the Dispenser’s rank indicated by a crown rather than the star, a gold one in the case of those holding the Apothecaries’ Hall cer tificate, I shall be interested to learn what other lady dispensers think on this subject.” In reply, we should like to point out to our corre spondent that in the Regulations, according to the E quipm en t list, stars only are worn for the highest ranks in the V . A . D .

During the four weeks ending November 28th, 554 members have been posted from Devonshire House. The wards of Military hospitals at home claimed 376 of these, while 34 went to nurse at auxiliary hospitals. Fifty-five nursing members were sent to military hospitals abroad, while 23 such and r7 non-nursing members went to work under the Joint Comm ittee abroad. O f the General Service members posted at home, 32 went to military and 17 to auxiliary hospitals.

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

December, 1916.

fatally, to the sorrow of all those with whom she had been associated. ***

V .A .D . members who do not need salaries are urgently required. All members appointed by D e v o n shire Hou se have their expenses paid, with the exception of uniform. W e want unpaid members for auxiliary hos pitals at home, and we want them for work under the Joint Committee abroad. It will be necessary to limit our spheres of V . A . D . activity unless gentlewomen volunteer without delay to help us to keep our formations staffed with willing workers. T h e Joint Committee units are made up of members who have the true V . A . D . spirit. T h e y must be willing to do anything from the daily drudgery of an idle unit to cooking, nursing, driving cars, and generally making themselves use ful with house, pantry, secretarial work, ur whatever helps most at the minute. There is no room for grumblers or for members who will not undertake to do as they are told or keep to the rules. Specialists, such as motor-drivers and experienced cooks, will be used for their own work, but what we want also are membeis who will do house-work and pantry-work, or the odd jobs of rest stations, aid posts, recreation rooms for convalescents, clubs for nurses, etc. Members with hospital experience are needed for Rest Stations, as they must be capable of rendering first aid, and, in addition, they may be called upon to do simple dressings for casual out-patients. All must generously give their services to work under the R ed Cross and St. John’s, and must not select the place or type of work they prefer. Please send in your name for this Reserve if you can afford to do so. You will find further details in terms of service to be obtained at Devonshire House, Piccadilly. We accept members over the age of 19 for work out side the wards. (S ig n e d ) K a t h e r in e F u r z e , C om m and ant in C h ie f W o m en s V A D ' s . 28.11.16.

***

T h e total number of members now at work is 7,425, allocated as follows :— A t H om e. In Military Hospital Wards For General Service In Auxiliary Hospitals A b ro ad . In Military Hospitals Under Joint Committee

...

R .C .

St. J.

Total.

2 ,8 73 2 15 21 I

2 ,0 19

4 892

130 86

345

948 29I

570 82

1,5 18

4,538

2,887

7,425

297

373

Four hundred and ninty-nine applications for Nursing and General Service have been received in the past month. W e are confident that the sympathy of all our members will go out to the relatives of Miss Olive Louise Bennett, of 6, H o m e Park Avenue, Plymouth, who died suddenly of diabetes on October 30th. She had worked at Salisbury-road Section of the 4th Southern General Hospital from November 3rd, 1915, to M a y 1 8th, 1916, when she left on sick leave and resigned on June 30th. H er health subsequently improving, she had rejoined the hospital, and was deputed to the Ford Section, where she was overtaken by the sudden illness which terminated

D ep o t fo r S t . J oh n A m b u la n c e B rig a d e H o s p i t a l in F r a n c e . H alkyn H o u s e , Belgrave-square, has most gentrously been placed at the disposal of the Ladies Committee of the Order of St. John, by Earl Beauchamp, as a depot for mak ing dressings and bandages, and also other necessities for the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital. Adeline Duchess of Bedford is the Chairman, Lady Perrott (Lady Superintendent-in-Chief), Vice-Chairman ; Mrs. Morris Chapman, M a na ger; F. S. Phillips, E s q , Hon. Treasurer; and H. K . Stephens, Esq., Hon. Secre

tary. A n y member of the brigade living in London who would care to work at the depdt should apply to the L ad y Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E C. Among the members of the committee are :— Countess Beauchamp, L ad y Mount-Stephen, Lady Clark (wife of the C h ie f Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade), L ad y Sloggett, Lady Paget, and Miss Myln e (Staff Officer to the Lady Supsrintendent-in-Chief.) Work at the depot will be started on January 3rd, 1917.

December, 1916

— F I R S T

FIRST-AID

tODEXl

113

A I D -

R ed

C ross

We gladly extend to those Ladies who during the war are voluntarily

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— F I R S T

ii4

H IR O N

AI D

and W O O D E N

December, 1916.

—

H O S P IT A L

B U ILD IN G S

AN D T H E N E W P A T E N T B R I C K W O R K SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION FOR

M U N IT IO N

FA C T O R IES ,

E tc .,

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Showing a part of the Australian Hospital ( 1,000 Beds) on Humphreys Sectional Building System at Harefield, Middlesex.

Sailors’ and Soldiers’

MOBILE PANEL HUTS & HOSPITALS on View, as supplied from Stock to the

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY & ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. B u i l d i n g s s h ip p e d c o m p le te fr o m S iz e s , S to c k e d

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and

C a n a d ia n

G o v e rn m e n ts).

December, 1916.

— F I R S T

JA M E S

FIRST

AI D. —

W OOLLEY.

SO NS

C o ..

L td .

AID

BOXES,

IANGULAR

ADAGES

TRIANCUUR BANDACES

CABINETS, CUPBOARDS, HAMPERS, HAVERSACKS, for immediate delivery.

TRIANCULM

™ ANCULAR

BANDACCS

BANDACES

tr ia n g u la r bandages ,

tourniquet

Makers of the

REGULATION, WOOLLEYS FIELD, V.A.D., and other types of Stretchers. Qu ota tions furnished on re que st.

The “ UVESEY” PORTABLE BED. A combined

Portable Camp, Emergency Bed.

Hospital

and

It may also be used as a Stretcher. T he Illu s tra tio n show s the B e d fitte d w ith fra m e fo r

c a rry in g

M o sq u ito

N et

Illustrated and descriptive c irc u la r on application.

Victoria Buildings, MANCHESTER

1 16

M ILITA RY

been

Gift A

A cco m m o d atio n

December, 1916.

TY PE AMBULANCES

have

YOUR

A 1 D. -

F I R S T

should

limited

for

success

number

ly in g

Fronts.

are

down

all

AUSTIN.

available.

patients

and

attendant,

alternatively, 6 sitting cases and 2 ly in g d o w n , or 1 2 sitting cases. C a ta lo g u e

sent

reguest.

TH E AUSTIN MOTOR CO., Ld., H e ad O ffice a n d W o r k s — N O R T H F I E L D , B IR M IN G H A M . LONDON: 479 t0Marb M 48H 3,’ AXf° ^ V\. (near le ° Arch),

PA R IS: AVenUC M a l a k ° f f -

MANCHESTER.

N O R W IC H :

, 3 ° ’ D ean S ?ate '

Prin ce^of W ^ le ^ Road.

December

S t.

1916

— F IR S T

Joh n A m b u la n c e B rig a d e in F r a n c e . V isit

th e

Lady

25TH,

-C

hiek

1916.

are caring for them. Over one is a shield stating that this bed has been given by the children of Halifax. T h es e children gave up their prizes one Xm as so that the money might go to help their bed, and they entirely collected the amount with which to endow it. I am sure that many a wounded hero has felt joy in reading the inscription over this bed.

October 25th I visited the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital in France. From the point of view of the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of the St. John A m b u lance Brigade it is most satisfactory to hear from both the Officer in Comman d and the Matron of the extremely On

T h e

P ath o lo gical

L abo rato ry

rl7

Sometimes a patient will be delighted to find that his bed or one close to him has been given by some town he knows well, or where he has relations I think that the fact of these beds being endowed from every part of the Empire serves to show our splendid soldiers how many at home, both in England and in our Overseas Dominions,

h o s p ita l

u p e r i n t e n d e n t -i n

ON O C T O B E R

AID.—

th e

St. John

A m bulance

France.

It is admitted as being one of the finest hospitals in France.

Messrs. Humphreys, Ltd., of Knightsbridge, were the builders.

efficient services of the members of the nursing divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade working there. I wish all the members of the brigade could see their hospital. I shall never forget my first sight of it when I saw the red flag of the Order with the white cross waving over the dark brown huts. It gives one a thrill when one remembers that this same flag had flown over hospitals of the old Knights of St. John in the early days of the Crusades. T h e hospital, as all our members know, has now nearly 600 beds, and over each bed there is a shield denoting by whom the bed has been endowed.

It is almost impossible to describe the hospital, but it is one of tbe most perfect of its kind, where everything is done that is possible for the relief of the sick and wounded. I heard several men remark on the joy of being there and of all the comfort with which they were surrounded. There is nothing extravagant in our hospital, but everything to help the sick man to recover. It is impos sible to imagine a more enthusiastic staff. T h e surgeons, medical officers and nurses have but one idea, which is to do the very utmost in their power to relieve those who come sick and suffering into the hospital. I should like just to say one word about our orderlies.

— F I R S T I am sure that the brigade may well be proud of the men that are working at the Brigade Hospital. T h e orderlies are really splendid— as gentle as women, and always ready and willing to do anything. T h e whole spirit of the hospital is magnificent, and in feeling very proud of our hospital we must also feel very grateful to the splendid staff, from the officer commanding downwards, for their unselfish and self-denying labours. O n c e again may I say that I only wish it were possible for all the brigade to see their hospital, and I am convinced that we can rely on the members of the St. John A m b u lance Brigade to strain every nerve to raise all the funds they can to ensure that it may be able to continue until the end of the war.

H in ts

for

H o sp ita l

O r d e r li e s .*

AI D

IV.

Author of “ A id s to F ir s t A i d “ A id s to H om e N u rs in g ,” and “ W h y an d W h erefo re in F r s t A id .” ( C oncluded fro m p ag e 7 4 .) P A T IE N T -W A S H IN G

T h e cultivation of neatness in the washing of a patient is most necessary, because, the more serious the illness, the more tiring is the process likely to prove. Therefore, e ve ryth in g m ust be read y a t the outset and before the patient is disturbed. Attention to this matter saves time and avoids undue exposure, both of which are important factors in conserving the patient’s strength. Lastly, during the washing (which should be carried out systematically) special care must be taken to avoid wetting the bed, and at its conclusion all apparatus must be carefully put away in its right place, care being taken that wet towels are spread out to dry. E f f ic ie n t . T h e objects o f washing are to rem ove im purities of the skin, to stim u la te the superficial cir culation, and to brace up the nervous system. Special care must be devoted to those parts which, if neglected, may become inflamed and ulcerated. For the back very special precautions are necessary, and in addition to careful washing with soap and water and vigorous massage and drying with towel— the Orderly must endeavour to harden the skin by rubbing freely with spirit and to soothe it by applying dusting powder. A ccurate. If these objects are to be accomplished, then the work must be carried out syste m a tica lly an d w ith o u t u n necessary d e lay, for which purpose the adoption of a routine scheme is invaluable. Thus it is well to wash the face and neck first, then the body (front and back), and lastly each limb separ ately one after the other. T he process u s u a lly takes fifte e n 7n in u tes to accomplish, and is not complete until the hair, teeth and nails of hands and feet have received attention. T ested . T h e e f f e c t s o f t h e w a s h i n g a r e j u d g e d p a rtly

N eat.

* B y arrangem ent w ith M essrs. John B a le, S on s and D an ielsson , L t d ., 83, G t. T itch field -street, these Papers (w hen com plete) w ill be published as a b o o k le t, price 6d. net.

D IE T -S E R V IN G .

T h e correct feeding of a patient is essential to the sup port of his strength in his struggle against the results of disease or injury. T o the special “ Points of Diet ” tabu lated for the Orderly in Chapter V. there are other details which require consideration. T h e task of diet-serving, therefore, must b e :—

N. CORBET FLETCH ER. B.A., M.B., B.C., Cantab , M.R.C.S.

T h e washing of a helpless patient is a most necessary step on the road to recovery from illness, and the work must always be :—

December, 1916.

by the appearance and p a r tly by the feelings of the patient. If he is p a le a n d ex h au sted at the end of the task, then the process has been either unneces sarily prolonged or the patient has been unduly ex posed. If, on the other hand, the patient is b rig h t a n d ch e e rfu l, and expresses an appreciation of the refreshing effects of his wash, then these facts go to prove that the work has been efficiently performed.

III.

—

In serving food, neatness is indispensable, and its neglect may be disastrous in view of its effects on the patient’s appetite. A dirty cloth (stained at a previous meal), an untidy tray (soiled with spilled food), an unclean cup or plate (tarnished with greasy finger-marks) will tend to destroy any desire for food and may foster a positive distaste which will handicap the recovery of the patient. E f f ic ie n t . A n invalid’s diet requires to be C le a n an d N e a t in service, N u tritio u s in quality, and S u fficie n t in quantity. T o accomplish these objects the food should not be dished u n til the p a tie n t a n d a ll the equipm ent are ready. Ocherwise, food which should be hot will be served luke-warm, because there is a delay due N eat.

either to arranging the pillows of the patient or to a hunt for a forgotten cup, plate or knife. Further, since large quantities of food may be distasteful to a sick patient, it is necessary in serious cases to serve food in small quantities and at frequent intervals. A.

Unless sufficient food is taken, quick recovery, w h ich is an e sse n tia l object o f treatm en t, is

A ccurate.

impossible. Therefore, the Orderly must accurately observe and immediately report all the patients who e ith e r do not take their nourishment well, o r, after their meals, suffer from pain or discomfort, o r display a tendency to nausea, vomiting, &c. T h e effects of food must be judged p a r tly by the way in which the patient partakes of it, p a r tly by the condition of cups, plates, & c, and p a r tly by tactful questioning at the conclusion of the meal. I f the patient has partaken of his allotted por tion with evident relish, presents a well-cleaned plate, and expresses satisfaction— then the Orderly knows that the effects of the meal will be satisfac tory and beneficial.

T ested .

M E D IC IN E G IV IN G .

T h e importance of medicine in the Care and Treat ment of sick and wounded varies with the condition ; but, if medicine has to be administered, then the work must be N.

T o most patients medicine is distasteful, and this natural aversion is increased when medicine is served in a dirty measure-glass. Further, the label of the bottle may be stained e ith e r by the fingers o r by the droppings of liquid. T h e consequent soiled appearance of bottle and label do not reflect credit

N eat.

December, 1916.

— F I R S T

on the Orderly or the Ward— and is avoided by the exercise of care during the pouring out of the physic. E f f ic ie n t . T h e efficiency of medicine depends on C le a n lin e ss, Po ten cy and, P u n c tu a lity . Unless the bottle is properly corked, contamination may res ult; and, unless beat is excluded, some chemical change may take place. It is, therefore, necessary to keep the physic carefully stoppered and in a cool place rather than in close proximity to the fire, as is often done in sick-rooms. A ccurate. A ll drugs being potentially poisonous, the dose must be apportioned exactly by measureglass, and the bottle must be well shaken before the cork is loosened, lest any poison present be given concentrated in the last few doses. Lastly, the times appointed for medicine must be carefully observed. In the absence of instruc tions to the contrary, medicine is best given after food and invariably omitted if the patient is asleep. T ested . In view of the fact that dangerous poisons have been administered for medicine, it is well to examine the bottle and the instructions on the labe — both before p o u rin g o u t a n d ag a in before ad m in is te rin g the measured dose. T h e second routine examination will prevent mistakes and save a co n scientious Orderly from much mental distress, * * * * M

T h e Rules of medicine-giving are the same for the Nurse as for the Orderly, and the following mnemonic which is borrowed from my A id s to H o m e-N u rsin g and presented here in an abbreviated form may be useful to emphasise the points noted above : In

M e d ic in e - G iv in g

m ust

PR ECISE.

P o u r out of bottle, w ith la b e l u p w ard s.

R. E. C.

R e s t r i c t quantity by u sin g m easure-glass. E x a m i n e bottle before an d a fte r pouring out. C l e a n all equipment before a n d a fte r use.

I n s i s t on regular intervals, as state d on lab el.

S. E.

S h a k e the bottle before pouring out.

V I.

E x c l u d e h e a t b y s t o r in g b o t t l e a w a y fro m fire.

C H A R T - R E C O R D IN G .

T h e Temperature Chart is prepared by the Sister or Orderly for the Medical Officer, and, when completed, affords striking evidence of the progress of the patient’s condition. M uch depends in some cases on the curve of the temperature, as figured on the chart, and for this reason all work must be N.

T h e N eatn ess of the Chart is most important and is attained by making all figures, letters, &c., s m a ll a n d d is tin c t, by using p rin te d characters where possible, by marking the temperature e x actly on the correct line by small dots, and by taking care to ru le a ll lin e s connecting these dots. E f f e c t iv e . Various kinds of Charts are available for this purpose, some being figured for recording the the temperature twice a day, others three times a day, others every four hours, &c., &c. T h e E ffic ie n c y of a Chart depends on its co m pleteness. Thus, the Chart must record not only the range and time of the tem p eratu re, but also those o ip u lse and re s p ira tio n in addition to an exact memorandum of the action of the n a tu ra l fu n ctio n s — i.e. bowels, kidneys, &c. Further, it may be well to mark down any outstanding sym ptom (e.g, rigor, vomiting, blood-spitting, & c ) or any special tre a t m ent (e.g. tepid sponging, enema, &c.)

N eat.

AID. — A.

T h e A ccu ra cy of the Chart depends both on the powers of Observation of the Orderly and also on the absence of conscious effect of this duty

A ccuracy.

on the patient. Thus, if the p u lse is taken immediately after an attack of coughing or any other exertion, in accurate results may ensue. Again, if the patient realises that the re s p ira tio n s are being counted, then he may quite unconsciously alter the strength, regularity or rate of his breathing. It is, therefore, wise to mislead the patient as to which of these vital functions is under observation and about to be re corded. Lastly, the tem p eratu re may be faked, as has been noted, by manipulations of the clinical thermometer. T ested. When registering any of these facts, the Orderly must be careful to check all results. For example, the rate of the p u lse may be counted for two separate minutes. If each count gives the same figure, then the number must be entered on the chart at once, lest it be forgotten and the work has to be repeated. Again, if the tem pera tu re is being taken, then the thermometer must be kept in position for five minutes, and the result must be registered on the chart before the thermometer is re-set, by which means the record can be verified as a routine measure. F in is .

Queries and J ln s w e rs Correspondents.

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top lejt hand corner of the envelope “ Query,” and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 4.6, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon” cut /rom the current issue 0} the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad prom a recent issue. 3. — Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post. W. H. S. (Finchley) points out that, in their instructions re garding air raids, the City of London Red Cross suggest that double Cyanide gauze dusted with equal parts of Boracic and Salicylic Acid powder makes a good first aid dressing for burns. He asks (1) if the gauze should be put on dry, and (2) for an explanation of the action of this combination. (1) First Aid deals with “ whatever is at hand ” and not with prepared appliances. Such a dressing, therefore, is really beyond the scope of First Aid. However, it will accomplish the three objects of an ideal dressing for a severe burn— i.e. {1 ) absorb an y d isch arg e {2 ) p re v e n t its decom position and (jO p ro ve so o th in g to patient— and in an emergency should be applied dry. (2) Cyanide gauze (Mercury and Zinc) is a reliable anti septic ; but, being somewhat irritating, it is usually used wrung “ d r y ” out of weak Carbolic or Perchloride lotion. Similarly, Salicylic Acid is a powerful stimulating antiseptic, though it also is apt to irritate the skin. Therefore, as in the use of the gauze, the addition of a mild sedative antiseptic like Boracic Acid will tend to minimise this disadvantage and produce the same result, though I believe that a dilution of one part of Salicylic to 4 parts of Boracic powder would be more suitable. The powder must be w e ll m ixed an d lig h tly dusted on the dressing.— N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R .

120

— F I R S T

CONTENTS

TH IS

movement, says the H a lifa x C o u rie r, are prone to overlook the benefits which a district derives from this source.

...

The Safety Movement

...

101

...

101

Work of the St John Ambulance brigade during the Year 1916 ... ... ... ... ... D is t r ic t

have seen sufficient of the noble deeds rendered by these students of “ first aid ” to make us appreciate their value to the nation, for many lives have been saved through their

102

timely efforts.

When Elland has established its two hos

pitals, a large amount of the necessary labour there will be

R epo rts—

No. 1 ...

December, 1916.

T h o s e not immediately associated with the ambulance

NUMBER.

E d it o r ia l —

V.A.D.

AID. —

...

No. 3 ; No. 4 ; No. 5 ; No. 6 ; No. 8 ; No. 12 First Aid Intruction by Popular Demonstration

102

done by those who have gone through the course of in

...

103

struction at the ambulance classes.

...

104

deal to these high-souled men and women, who, from the

104

high ambition and noble purpose

Elland owes a great

very inception of the local association, have woiked with

R e v ie w s —

Our Hospital A.B.C.

...

worthy of the good cause.

T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e —

achieve

a success

Through storm and stress these

...

105

m en — and they have been well supported— have worked

...

106

untiringly for more than a quarter of a century without

V .A.D .’s Experience During the Retirement of the Montenegrin Army ... ... ...

108

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England ... ...

109

The First Nursing Sisters of the S.J.A.B'....

110

The Bailiff of Egle

...

The Mechanics of Circulation A

V.A.D. News

...

hope or expectancy of reward. *

Comm ittee of the Royal College of Physicians of

London and of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

...

111

Depot for St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital in France ... ... ... ... ...

112

reported.

...

117

general principles :—

St John Ambulance Hospital in France

...

Hints to Hospital Orderlies ...

on the Medical Treatment of Disabled Soldiers has just

...

118

Queries and Answers to Correspondents

...

119

Brevities

...

... ...

Metrpolitan Police Ambulance Corps— “ S ” Division...

120 121

T h e Committee is agreed upon the following

1. T hat a considerable proportion of disabled soldiers require continued institutional treatment. 2. T h a t

essential

condition

of success

any

scheme for institutional treatment is that the patient be throughout under discipline; and that no form of discipline

B re v itie s.

can adequately replace military discipline. 3. T h a t consequently a disabled soldier should not be

I n the H ou se of Lords last month Lord Devonport asked the U nd er Secretary for War : (1) Whether representations had been made to the War Office by hospital authorities as to the inadequacy of the grant per capita for the main tenance of military patients

in civil hospitals agreed to at

the commencement of the war, in consequence of the en hancement of the cost of all the main essentials incidental

discharged from the Arm y until a board of

medical experts have

specially

constituted

decided that no

further

institutional treatment will improve his condition, provided that such treatment does not extend beyond some general maximum limit of time to be determined by the military authorities. The

committee

says

cannot

contemplate

that

th er eto; and, in such case, whether he could now state the

the military authorities will refuse to undertake the task

Governmen t’s decision.

of the continued treatment of the disabled so ld ie r; but,

(2 )

Whether a return of the in

crease in cost of similar services in military hospitals over

if they do, the

the period of the war could be furnished.

set up a number of camps similar to military convalescent

T h e Earl of Der by said the first part of the question presumably referred to the 3s. grant to the auxiliary depart ment.

With regard to that, new arrangements were being

made with the Joint War Comm ittee of the British Red

camps,

and

committee sees no alternative except to add to them

for every unoccupied bed.

Owing to the attention which

occasion

and masseuses, the lack of discipline,

may require.

and the waste by

overlapping. V

Cross and the Order of St. John, as a result of which a new grant of 6d. a day would be made under certain conditions

T h e difficulties of this policy are the scarcity of doctors

Owing to the absence on service of the officials of the Queensland Centre, the work of the Association in that

had been directed to the administration of hospitals of late

Colony

there had been an actual decrease in the cost per bed dur

Ambulance

ing

Governor, Sir Hamilton Gould-Adams, is Patron, and the

the past six

months,

notwithstanding rise in prices,

has

now

been

Transport

taken

over

Brigade.

by His

the

Queensland

Excellency

the

and without in any way decreasing the efficiency of the

Hon. A. J. Thy nne, M . L C . , President of the re-organised

hospitals.

Centre.

December, 1916.

M e tro p o lita n “ S ”

D i v i s i o n ’s

— F I R S T

P o lice

A nnual

A m b u lan ce

C o m p e t it io n

for

While the practical tests were proceeding, another five candidates were supplied with slips containing four identical questions, and given an opportunity of considering them for ten minutes. T h e n these were examined r.ingly by the judge, who expected the answers to be given without hesitation or delay.

Corps. D iv is io n a l

S u r g e o n ’s T r o p h y .

first competition for this trophy took place at Arlington-road Section House, Camden Town, on October 31st, when 47 candidates were examined by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Hon. Surgeon of the Hampstead Division, St. John Ambulance Brigade) in two hours and thirty minutes. T h e method adopted by the examiner in carrying out this very smart piece of woik was as follows :— T h e test was divided into two parts— practical and theoretical. T h e former consisted of supposed injuries brought about as the result of an accident, and was fully explained upon a slip of paper placed in the competitor’s hand, ten minutes being allowed in which to treat the patient. Five such cases, each b eh i?id a screen, were dealt with at once in the Library, which had been set apart for the purpose. N o questions were to be asked of the Examiner, but questions as to cause of accident, &c., might be put to the patient. A supposed “ Chemist’s Shop,” where every requisite for dealing with the case might be obtained, was fitted up in the room. A warning was given to treat precisely as in an actual emergency and upon the termination of the time limit the patients were conveyed to the “ hospital,” represented by the Inspector’s Office, in which th : judge was stationed. Eac h candidate, in turn, handed to the Examiner a long slip of paper which recorded his number and was divided into two halves (“ Practical ” and “ Questions ”), each half being available for entry of marks gained. T he

EATONS

121

AID. —

Dr. Corbet Fletcher was assisted by S.D . Inspector Smith, Inspector, Sergeant, and P.C. Matthews, Sanders, and Sturt, and the work of recording marks was so well done that the result was announced immediately after the last candidate had been examined. T his examination probably constitutes a record in respect to the length of time taken to complete it and as regards efficient working. Nothing like a hitch occurred, and the conditions were so admirably thought out by Dr, Fletcher that, although very little time was given to each individual candidate, there were no complaints of insufficient time or unfairness. In fact, this competition was of just such a nature as to meet thoroughly the requirements of the Police Service and to impress upon all concerned the necessity of acting with alacrity in all cases of rendering first aid in the street. T h e trophy and prizes were, on N ovem ber 15th, pre sented at Albany-street Police Station by Dr. Greenwood (Divisional Surgeon and C h ie f inspector of Special C o n stabulary, Portland T ow n Police Station) who officiated in consequence of the absence, through illness, of Supt. Williams. Dr, Greenwood stated that the “ S ” Division Ambulance Corps was formed in May, and was the first of its kind in the Metropolitan Police District, being organised in all respects as a club. In his experience policemen were at one time far from efficient in first aid, but it was

Important Notice to

A M B U L A N C E

S E C R E T A R I E S .

Outfit No. 63 V is the BEST for STREET WORK. N ote R ing A ttachment for S cissors.

O u r fa m o u s N o . 35 P o c k et O utfit is

42/-

PRICE

per doz.

Sam ple,

1 6 /8

post,

4/2.

Complete, as illustrated.

All k in d s of A m b u l a n c e E q u ip m e n t. C a t a lo g u e s Free.

W E SELL Complete

w ith

TH E B E S T STR ETC H ER

Runners,

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Legs,

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Price

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each.

338, Dewsbury Rd., LEED S .

122

— F I R S T

to-day a pleasure to be able to give several recent examples in which police had resuscitated drowning persons, put up fractures, stopped bleeding, etc., in such a manner that the doctor subsequently called had nothing to do. Before presenting the various prizes, he had first great pleasure in handing to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher a handsome salad bowl in recognition of the great assistance rendered in training the “ S ” Division Corps. Dr. Corbet Fletcher suitably responded, expressing his appreciation of the gift, and citing certain interesting aspects of first aid. Dr. Greenwood then presented the prizes as follows :— T h e Trophy with medal.— 1, P.C. Cross ( H a m p s te a d ) ; 2, P.C . Stables (Hampstead), 3, P.C. Tap pin (Hendon). Albany-street.— 1, P.C. Morrish ; 2, P.C. Weston. Portland T o w n .— 1, P . C Baxter ; 2, P.C. Smith. Hampstead.— 1, P.C. C o r d e ll; 2, P.C. Carr. Finchley.— 1, P.S. Mayh ew ; 2, P.C. Carter. H end on .— 1, P.S. Harris ; 2, P.C. Livermore. Consolation prizes were given to P .C . Fisher (Albanystreet), and P.C. Acla nd (Portland Town). A vote of thanks was proposed to Dr. Maughan by Dr. Greenwood in felicitous terms; and Dr. Maugham, responding, said that the credit for the formation of the new Ambulance Corps was due mainly to the energy of Sub-Divisional Inspector Smith, upon whom most of the work had fallen. H e (Dr. Maughan) was very proud to be associated with the pioneer work at Albany-street Station, and was satisfied that before long it would be generally followed throughout the Metropolitan Police District. T h e proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to Dr. Greenwood, proposed by Sub-Divisional Inspector Smith.

December, 1916.

A ID .—

,S p h a $ n o L ON A C T IV E SER V IC E Sph agn ol

is a

distillate

and possessing remarkable It is a standard

remedy

of Peat— antiseptic healing properties. in all

flammation and skin diseases.

kinds

of in

A well-known

London Surgeon recommends it as “ a valuable first aid dressing for wounds.”

STRIKING

TESTIMONY.

S H R A P N E L WOUNDS. A Nurse writes :— “ I used the O in tm en t as a dressing for inflam ed and irritatin g shrapnel w ounds. M y patien t found it very com fort in g, and after a fortn igh t’s treatm ent I have had no further trouble w ith th em .”

SORE FEET. A Private recently wrote to u s: — T h e O in t m ent w as tru ly a god sen d, for it has acted lik e a charm upon my feet, w h ich h ave been so sore and blistered . I never knew O intm ent to giv e such re lie f.”

TRENCH FEET. A Sister in charge o f a R ed Cross Hospital w rites :— “ T h e tin o f O in tm en t has been used w ith m uch b enefit to a trench foot ca se .”

T h e Central Joint V . A . D . Committee has appointed Lord Chilston Ch ief County Director.

POISO NO U S WOUNDS. From a Nurse :— I h ave found you r prepara tions useful and reliab le, esp ecia lly the O in t m ent, and seen good results in poisonous w ou n ds.”

T h e War Office has agreed, under certain conditions, to make a grant of 6d. per unoccupied bed in Auxiliary Hospitals, Class A.

Four Divisions have been raised in the H o n g K o n g and China District of the St. John Ambulan ce Brigade Overseas, two of which are composed of Chinese.

- HORLICK’S ~ MALTED

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M IL K

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N U R SIN G .

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

R E Q U R IE 8 NO COOKING.

Write for this Free Sample box. D octors and R .A . M .C . O fficers should w rite for our F ree O utfit o f S p h ag n o l Preparations. T h is offer is m ade so that the cu rative pow ers o f S p h ag n ol m ay be tested under personal observation.

L ib e r a l S a m p le s J o r t r i a l w i l l be se n t to th e P r o fe ss io n P o s t F r e e on a p plication .

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December. rg i6

— F I R S T

A I D . —

Seven Days’ Free Use----------of a Set of Books covering all the Specialist and A m bulance and M edical and Surgical knowledge required by the earnest First Aid and R.A.M .C. W orker who w ish es to increase his practical usefu ln ess and to get into line with the new est and best m ethods and treatm ents.

The Science and Art of Nursing, THE

FIRST

AID

WORKER’S

ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

Bp ief L i s t of S u b j e c t s T r e a t e d A n a to m y — P h y sio lo g y — B a cte rio lo g y — Ph arm acy— P u b lic H yg ie n e — Personal H ygiene-— H y g ie n e for N urses— In v a lid C o o k e ry — X - R a y T reatm en t— M assage— S p lin ts— F ractu res— W ashin g out the S tom a ch — Infected W ou n d s— C ereb ra l E x citem e n t— P rep arin g for O peration — A fte r O peration — F u n ctio n al D isord ers— P oison ing— T h e N ew est A p p lia n ce s— P rescrip tion s— D ie ts and Sp ecial T reatm en ts— N eurasthenia— A ll F irst A id T reatm en ts— Burns and t c a ld s — G u n S h o t W ou n d s— C o n cu ssion s— F its — Infected W ou nd s— A ceid en ts and E m ergen cies— E lectrical T reatm en t— C a re o f the Insane— Inflam m ation and G a n gre n e — In je c tio n s— E n em a ta — F om en ta tio n s— C h est A ffection s— H eart Affection’s— P h thisis— C u p p in g — L e a ch es— H o w to L a y out the D ead, & c ., & c.

D e sc rip tio n

U nnecessary

V ie w

o f

our

O ffer.

R E A D A N D E X A M I N E IT FOR Y O U R S E L F W I T H O U T S P E N D I N G A P E N N Y . T h e Rt. Hon. V I S C O U N T K N U T S F O R D (Chair man o f the Lo n d on H ospital) w rites :— “ ‘ T h e S cien ce and A rt o f N u r s in g ’ is by far the best w ork on this subject, and I shall see that all m y three hospitals h ave several co pies, and shall giv e them as prizes to nurses.” Mr. E. S T A N T O N , T h e C o lo n y , C h alfon t St. P eter’s, B u cks : — “ I am over-pleased w ith it. M is s C. M. P H I L L I P S , M atron , N ursing H om e, N o ttin g h am -p lace, L o n d o n , W . :— “ I am very pleased w ith the w o rk , and so are som e o f the doctors w ho have seen it h ere.”

This W o r k

FREE G IV E

M jss S Y D N E Y B R O W N E , R .R .C ., late M atronin-chief, T errito ria l N ursin g S erv ice A d v iso ry C o m m ittee (w ho is responsible for the organ isin g o f 3,000 T rain e d N urses for the W ar), w rites :— “ T h e m ost up-to-date w ork on N ursin g (w ritten b y exp erts in each branch) that is pu b lish ed.”

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G e t t h is s p e c i a lis t B o o k now, u se it for a w e e k an d sen d it b a c k a t o u r expense, or k e e p it an d P a y ior it b y a few s m a l l s u m s a l t e r th e C h r i s t m a s H o lid a ys . A Dublin Medical Ma n w r it e s (of one of our Medical w o r k s ) :—

A London B u s in e s s Man w r i t e s (of one of our T echn ic al w o r k s ) : —

“ I am grea tly pleased w ith it, and I am ob liged to you for sending it on approval, as this is a very satisfactory w ay o f k n o w in g w hether the b o ok is lik e ly to be useful or n o t.”

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N U R S IN G ” the eighth day first paym ent d ay is 28s. 6d. j

I f I decide not to k eep the w ork , I w ill return it, carriage forw ard, to you on the eigh th d av after I get it.

N . B . — Foreign orders are not sent on approval, nor on these terms. money Order fo r 32s. bd. to cover carriage charges abroad.

They must be accompanied by

N A M E ....................................................................................................................................................................

w ere not

P R O F E S S I O N ...........................................................................................................................................................

all w e s a y .it is.

A D D R E S S ................................................................................................................................................................... F .A . I . , 1916.

......................... ........................................................................................ ...............

— F I R S T

A id s to

M e m o ry f o r ‘ F irs t A id ’ S tu d e n ts . By L. M.

M .B ., C .M . E d i n . Author (jo i n t ly w ith I V .R .E .) o f “ Problems in First A id ,” St. John Amb Assoc. S e v e n th Bdltlon now ready. Revised to date (Sept. 1915.) “ N o ambulance man need ever fear he will go rusty if he will take an occa sional dose of the mental mixture contained within the covers of this splendid book . . . cannot conceive a better utilisation of space, a better treatise on this subject could not be written. . . the book for all, whether old hands or students.” “ A ‘ multum in parvo ’ o f the greatest value.” Price : In Cloth, 6d. net— by post 7d. In Leather, 2s. net— by post 2s. 2d. S to c k p o rt

:C o n n e ll &

F ra n k

C h r is tia n ,

B a ile y , L t d ., “ E x p r e s s ” O f f ic e , S t . P e t b r s

and The St. John Ambulance Association,

S t . J o h n 's G a t e ,

S q u arb ,

L on d on

E dition R evised .

A Classified S eries o f F irst A id N otes and an In terleaved N o te -B o o k for A m b ulan ce Students.

MURBY

& CO.,

H A N M E R ’S

B0UV ER1E

S T .,

Post free, 7d.

F i r s t - A i d S i m p l i f i e d a n d t a b u l a t e d , w i t h A id s t o M e m o r y .

“ Col. Canttic contributes an introduction and we endorse his good opinion of the book."— Lan cet.

A ID S

H O M E -N U R S IN G .

Price, 7<b. post tree. H o m e - N u r s i n g S i m p l i f i e d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h A id s t o Memop y.

“ This book wonderfully simplifies a complex subject and should be read by at. students."— L. & N.W. R Y. G a z e tte .

AND

W HEREFORE

F IR S T -A ID .

“ IVe commend this book to Lecturers and Students who willfind it o f great service."— F ir s t aid.

E F F IC IE N C Y

LONDON,

P r o b le m s la S l u lv , T r e a t m e n t a n d

H IN TS

E.C.

L ectu res.

FOR

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H O S P ITA L

R eady soon.

solved lo r S e n io r S tu d e n ts .

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Post Iree, 7d .

O r d e r l y D u t i e s S i m p l i f i e d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h A id s t o M e m o ry .

— ALSO — TH E COMPLETE MANIKIN. System s o f B od y accurately indexed. In valu ab le t o Students A n a to m y, M edicin e, F irst-A id and A llie d Subjects. P rice 2 S. n e t ; postage, 2d. T H E TRIANGULAR BAN D A G E: Its A p p lication show n by W ord s and D iagram s. By

HOW ARD

PRESTO N ,

Demonstrator to the Polytechnic.

S p e c ia l N o tic e to D iv is io n s in T h e P r in c e o f W a le s ’s C o rp s .

116 Illus. P rice, IS . r e t, postage 2d. T H E R O LLER BANDAGE.

Sergt. Hanmer begs to announce that he will devote the whole of February, 1917, to a Tour in the No. 1 District. The Lectures are F R E E beyond working costs. Those who would like a date on the Tour will avoid disappointment by applying early.

Its A p p lication show n b y W o rd s and D iagram s. 161 Illustrations. Price, is. n e t., postage 2d. AN IN D E X O F F IR S T -A ID .

Send 3d. stamps for “ Novelty Booklet” and full particulars: — S e r g t . C. H A N M E R , 205, D o n c a s t e r

R oad, G oldth orpe, N r. R oth erh am .

Wires : — Hanmer, Ambulance, Goldthorpe. M arch T o u r.— No. 12 (Irish) District.

POSTAL READING ”

INSTR UC TIO N In “ PRESCRIPTION and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.”

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once. A m em ber o f S . J . A . B . w rites “ I feel d ee p ly indebted for the courses o f instruction received , h ave often w anted to take such courses, but could never find w here to get su ch .” ( T .B .) S p e c i a l t e r m s n o w — h a lf fees— to m em bers o f S . J .A .B ., &c. A pply (stamp) to M r. J. E . W a l d e n , Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispensers Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874), 1 1 2 . S t . G e o r g e ’s R oad . S o u t h w a r k . L o n d o n .

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

CARVELL,

M . R .C . S .,

B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

W ith C o lou red D iagram s 12 pp. F old er. Paper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . H O M E N U R S I N G I N F E W W O R D S . (16th thousand). B y th e S a m e A u th o r .

Includin g useful reference tables. 14pp. Fold er. P aper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . FIR ST-A ID AN ATO M IC AL DIAGRAMS. T w e lv e in set, on R oller. P ost free, 2 S . l o d . E a ch D iagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. No. 1 4 . — H U M A N B O D Y . — S H O W I N G A R T E R I E S A N D P R E S S U R E POINTS. Colou red. Price, 6 d . T H E W H O L E A R T OF BANDAGING. By

TH EKLA

BO W SER,

ALLAN JO H N

BROM AN, BALE.

Price is . 8d

SO N S

D A N IE L S S O N ,

r i ^ O Y N B E E H A L L , 28, Commercial-street, Whitechapel, E. S .J.A .A .--A course of 6 lectures and demonstrations on F.A. to"the Injured for men will be delivered at Toynbee Hall by H. Elmyer Jones, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., on Wednesday evenings at 8 o’clock, commencing January 10th, 1917. Fee for the course 3s Names should be sent in at once to the Secretary of the Education Committee, Toynbee Hall. I

» •» Officers' Regulation Great Coats. Dark .x V .-D . Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 21s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars. Thornton & Co., tailors. Brighouse. t O R S A L E , a quantity ol Men's Ambulance Uniform 1 Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. n d . a pair.— Thornton and C o.. 24, Commercial-street. Brighouse.

O R S A L E . — Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and Overcoats; samples on approval.— Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

P rin te d an d P u b llso ed

M essrs. L a l b .

b w o l d s

post free. L t d .,

83-91, G r e a t Tltehfleld Street. London, W. Od

First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects. Second-Hand a t Half Prices. New Books at

post free.

P u b lish e d Q u a rte rly . Can be obtained on application to the Editor. Jutogh. Sim la H ills. India

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Introdu ction b y J a m e s C a n t l i e , F. R .C .S . Illu s. Post free, 1 s . 2 d . P R A C T I C A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G O U T & M A K IN G UP H O S P ITA L G A R M E N T S FOR S IC K & W O U N D E D . [Approved by the Red Cross Society'). Illu strated . Post iree, I S . 2 d . A S H O R T C O U R S E OF P HYSICA L TRAINING FOR T H E R E C R U ITS OF T H E N E W ARMIES.

A Jo u rn a l o f A m b ulance W o rk in In d ia , B u rm a an d the E a s t.

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L .S .A .L o n d .

A vade-m ecum for the A m b u lan ce W o rk e r. F cap . 8vo. Post free, I S . 2 d . F I R S T - A I D IN F E W W O R D S . (38th thousand).

J h e 3ndian JUnbulance Gazette.

. ,

AID ,

F IR S T -A ID .

T h i'd Edition.

lust published.

IL L U S T R A T E D

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FIR S T

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“ A useful n ote-book for am bu lan ce stu den ts .” — B ritish M edical

Journal. T H OMAS

A ID S

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of St’ John>Lecturer on First Aid'

D i f f i c u l t i e s in S t u d y » n d T r e a t m e n t s o lv e d by Q u e s t i o n a n d A ns w e r.

^^N ET.

By W . E. S t. L A W R E N C E F IN N Y , M .D ., M .C h ., H o n . A sso c , o f the O rd er

MANUALS

By N. CORBET FLE TC HER , B.A., M .B . . B.C. ( C a n t a b . ) , M.R .C.S.

WHY

Dr. F in n y ’s First Aid.

rd.

December, i g i 6

AID. —

Discount Prices. Catalogues free, sta te warns. Boom sent 00 approval. Books bought. W . & G . F O Y L E , i2 t and 123, Charing Cross Road, London, W .C .

Best Stretcher on the Market. BEST QUALITY CANVAS.

P r ic e

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SPRING GEARING WHEELS.

£ 1 H .M .

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G .

H E L P S

(L a te P o a d , H e l p s & C o .),

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FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. T o be cu t o u t an d enclosed w ith a ll Q u eries. D e c e m b e r , 19 16 .

& C o .. L td ., 4 6, C arm en S t. L o n d o n , F .C .. to

w h o m a ll

cm» m n n lcatio n i should

bead deessed.

FIR S T AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AMBULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 2 7 1 . — V o l . X X I I I .

Our

----

[N e w S eries.]

JANUARY,

Readers.

GAZETTE.

DALE. \En ttr,d atH alt.)

1917.

H y giene and Sanitation,

“ First Aid ” is published on the 20th of every month.

PRICE TWOPENCE [ 2/6 P e r

A nnum ,

the endorsement

P o s t

F r e e

of First

Aid

Certificates for meritorious cases of First Aid, and o f H o m e

The Annua! Subscription is 2S. 6d. post free ; single copies 2d. The Editor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.

All articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the Editor.

to encourage efficiency, and we believe they will be the

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business communications connected with F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers,

subjects.

DALE ,

R EYNOLDS

& CO.,

Nursing Certificates when the holder obtains cookery

Economy.

from

any

recognised

School

a certificate of

Dom es tic

T h es e innovations have been made with a view

means of inducing students to continue their studies in the

W e published in our last issue a report of the C h ief

L t d .,

46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E.C.

Commissioner on the work of the Brigade during the year, and we are glad to see that so far as*the Brigade Overseas

ED ITO RIAL.

is concerned,

that a number of new divisions have been

formed in our various Colonies, and it is particularly inter An

important memorandum issued by

Th e A ctiv ities the Ambulance Department of the Order of th e

of St. John, on January 1st, sets out the

esting to note that several have been established in the Hong

K o n g and China district.

Som e of these consist

almost exclusively of natives, who take a very keen interest

A m bulance

many

D epartm en t

during the past year, and which gives a

of the Order

brief idea of the vast amount of work

busy as in 1915, has been

of S t. John,

which it has accomplished.

to the ordinary routine work, 930 packages of supplies have

activities

the

Department

Important

developments have taken place during the year which have resulted in the War Office placing all Voluntary A id

matters under the control of the Central

Joint V . A . D . Committee, on which committee members of

in the work. T h e work of the Stores Department, although not so very satisfactory.

In addition

been despatched to the Brigade Hospital. A m ongst the other important work carried out by the Ambulance Department is the organisation of the 215

St.

John Hospitals in this country with accommodation for

the Territorial Force Association, the Order o f St. John and

11,2 4 1 patients.

the British R e d

T h e effect of this

placed in the hands of the Cou n ty Director by an Army

arrangement has been to concentrate the direction of all

Council instruction, and consequently reports do not reach

Cross Society serve.

matters relating to the war, so far as concerns the V . A . D ., under one committee, which has been able to deal with them more expeditiously, and at the same time this arrange ment prevents overlapping. It

exceedingly

gratifying

T h e control of these hospitals has been

St. John’s Gate from which any adequate account can be given of the work which has been done in the past, and which, it is hoped, will continue to be accomplished until the end of the war.

T h e s e Hospitals have met a vital need,

and the devoted services of those who are working in them to announce

that

the

S .J.A.A. during the year ending September 30th, 1916, has

are worthy of the Natio n’s gratitude.

The

Am bulan ce

Department has carried on throughout the year, and has

issued 7 7,5 1 5 certificates, 14,500 medallions, 13,194 labels,

been the

and 258 pendants.

to the Hospital equipment at the Front, while the St. John

T his is a wonderful record, for it shows

to the extent in which first aid training is extending, and we firmly believe that when the value of such knowledge becomes more generally known, these figures will be greatly exceeded.

A number of new features has been added to

the work of the Association, amongst them may be men tioned the issue of a Demonstrator’s Certificate, the award of Pendants for re-examination in H o m e Nursing, H o m e

means of contributing several notable additions

warehouse established at St. John’s-square,

has

sent out

over three million articles, including clothing, bandages, dressing and comforts to the military and civilian hospitals. T h is brief resume will convey but a slight idea of the work

which

has

been

carried

out

the

Am bulan ce

Department, and all its members are to be congratulated upon

their zeal and their united and untiring efforts in

securing such great results.

— F I R S T

I 26

JThe Grand ? rio rg of the Qrder of the K ospital of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

The S t. No. 1 District. D eputy

Jo h n

DEPARTMENT.

.Ambulance S rigade.

D ISTR ICT

ORDERS.

C o m m is s io n e r :

W IN N Y. F E B R U A R Y , 1917. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Sunday, ”

4th.— No. 7 Division, n t h — No. 9 „ 18th.— No. 10 „ 25th.— No. 11 „

2.30 p.m. to 5.30p.m. IS S U E

Toynbee Hall. St. John’s Gate, No. 2. St. Mark’s. Harlesden and Wembley.

Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. D ISTR ICT

ORDERS.

District, Orders formerly known as “ Duty Roster,” are not necessarily issued monthly, but as occasion may arise. As they are numbered consecutively, members can readily ascertain if a copy does not reach them. Two copies are issued to each Division, one to be filed by the Officer or M/C, and the other to be placed on the Divisional Notice Board. O PEN IN G OF T H E BR IG A D E H O SP ITAL DEPOT BY T H E DUKE OF CONNAUGHT. On Wednesday, January 24th, 1 9 1 7 , H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, K.G., Grand Prior of the Order, will open the Depot at Halkyn House, Belgrave-square, for making dressings, bandages, &c., for the Brigade Hospital. It is desired to furnish a Guard of Honour on that occasion. Officers and M/C of Ambulance Divisions should inform the Deputy Co m missioner as early as possible how many men can be present at Belgrave-square at 8.30 p.m., promptly. Uniform :— Review Order. EX TEN SIO N

D ISTR IC T

BO U N D AR IES.

It has been arranged between the Deputy Commissioners of N o 1 and No. 10 Districts, with the sanction of the Chief Commissioner, that the area included in the No. 1 District in future shall be the Metropolitan and City Police Areas, and that portion in Essex included in the Rural Districts of Romford, Orsett, and Rochford. O R D E R L IE S FOR B R IG A D E HOSPITAL. Officers and M/C of Divisions are requested to be prepared with the names of men over military age, who would be willing to take up duty as orderlies at the Brigade Hospital in France. They should be ready for service when required. D ISTR IC T

TREASURER.

Dr. C. J. R. MacFadden who has been “Acting District Treasurer” for about six months, has now relinquished the work and Mr. J. Calvin Lines has resumed the full duties of Treasurer. Officers’ subscriptions (five shillings) which were due on October 1st, 1916, should be forwarded as soon as possible to the District Treasurer at St. John’s Gate. ANNUAL

M EE TIN G .

The Annual. General Meeting of Officers and M/C.’s of Divisions will be held at St. John’s Gate, on Tuesday, February 6th at 8 p.m. (full moon). Members desiring to bring any matter before the meeting, must send particulars so as to reach the District Office not later than the first post on January 29th.

(Signed)

W. H. W I N N Y , D eputy-C om m issioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

On the occasion of the Intercession Service, which was held throughout the country on December 31st, at the Priory

January, 1917

AID. —

Church of the Order of St. John the Service was held as a memorial to the men of the Prince of Wales’s Corps (who died since the outbreak of war in the service of their country. The Church was crowded to its utmost capacity with members of the Brigade. Some two hundred members of the Ambulance Divisions occupied the right hand side of the Church, and nearly an equal numher of Nursing Sisters were on the other side. Amongst those present were the following :— Earl of Ranfurly, Sir Dyce Duckworth, Bart., F.R.S., Viscountess Falkland, Lady Maud Wilbraham, Sir Herbert Perrott, Bart., Lady Perrott, Mr.” W. R. Edwards and Mrs. Edwards, Lady Oliver, Mr. W. H. Winny (Deputy Commissioner to the No. 1 District), AssistantCommissioner J. M. Carvell, Mr. S. B. Piers (Inspector of Stores), Acting Corps Supt. Statham, Corps Secretary S. J. Warren. The Rev. T. C. Elsdon, M.A., Chaplain of the Order, conducted the Service and preached an inspiring sermon. At the conclusion of the Service the men marched o Charterhouse-square and were addressed by the Director of the Ambulance Department, the Earl of Ranfurly, and Sir Herbert Perrott (Bailiff of Egle), who congratulated them on turning out in such large numbers to do honour to the memory of their comrades who had fallen for their country in the present war, and whose names are given, as follows :— Quartermaster-Sergt. A. Badcock, Kings Cross, G.N.R. Division. Pte. W. H. Bracked, South Metropolitan Gas Co. Division. Sergeant S. Bush, Bromley Division. Pte. Curtis, W. H. Smith & Son’s Division. Pte. V. Dale, Walthamstow Division. Pte. G. Dann, Erith and District Division. Pte. H. Friedlander, East London Division. Divisional Surgeon Dr. A. Graham, St. Mark’s Division. Pte. L. Lewis, G.W.R. Division, Paddington. Pte. H. W. Green, 8th City of London Division. Sergt.-Major W. H. Maunder, G.W.R. Division. Pte. John Minchen, South Metropolitan Gas Co. Division. Pte. A. A. Nunn, 8th City of London Division. Pte. A. Osmon, Kings Cross G.N.R. Division. Pte. W. H. J. Revell, West London Division. Pte. J. A. E. Stagg, H .M .S . Cressy. Pte. C. W. Topp, Hampstead Division. Lance-Corporal E. P. Townshend, Toynbee Hall Division. Corporal Warren, R.A.M.C. at Malta. Pte. C. Yates, St. Pancras Y.M.C.A. Division. Pte. Bentley, Mitcham Division. Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing

Sister Sister Sister Sister Sister Sister Sister

V.A.D. N u r s e s . Evelyn Grace Brown. Mabel Chadwick. Nora Dugan. Alice Violet Hallam. Florence Smales. Sylvia Stephenson. Gertrude Annie Taylor.

Sir Dyce Duckworth, Bart., took medals and bars to the following :—

occasion

present

M ed als.

Asst.-Com. Col. James Cantlie, F .R C.S., No. 1 District Staff. Acting Corps Supt. Statham, Prince of Wales’s Corps. Ambulance Officer Furber, No. 37 Division. Corporal W. H. Bailey, No. 47 Division. Private Fred Curtis, No. 7 Division. Private Joseph Gorbal, No. 7 Division. Private W. Smith, No. 10 Division. Lady-Division Supt. Sophie Pcrtlock-Dadson, No. 9 Divi sion Nursing-Sister Louise Garnham, No. 5 Division. Nursing-Sister Elizabeth Le May, No. 5 Division. Nursing-Sister Lily Stoten, No. 5 Division. Nursing-Sister Brennan, No. 7 Division. Bars.

Asst.-Com. Col. James Cantlie, F.R.C.S., No. 1 District Staff. Quartermaster and Hon. Lieut. J. C. Lines, District Treasurer.

January

19x7

— F I R S T

Supt. Magnus, No. 46 Division. Ambulance Officer Osborn, No. 20 Division. Corporal J. S. Bullock, No. 5 Division. Corporal W. L. P. Smith, No. 7 Division. Lady-Supt. Violet Colegrave, No. 5 (Norwood). Nursing Officer Emily Grace No. 5 (Norwood).

127

AID.—

tickets (prices 6d. and is.) should be made to the Divisional Headquarters, I, Well-road, Hampstead.

No. 3 District.

The annual distribution of clothing to the poor of Clerken well took place on December 20th. It is now an “ ancient custom” for the members of the St. John’s Gate Nursing Division to give away at Christmas time garments which they have made during the year to de serving cases, whose names have been obtained from the clergy of the district and from the Care Committee of the St. John’s Lane School. Every applicant was given, at least, one garment for every child in the family. If the quantity of clothing was not quite up to the average, the quality was certainly as good as at previous distributions. The Superintendent and her officers and members are to be congratulated on the success of their endeavour to carry on this good work, and certainly they must have felt rewarded by

M a r k e t H a r b o r o u g h .— Pte. W. J. Brooks, R.A.M.C., has been awarded the Military Medal for conspicuous conduct on the Somme. He is the second member of the Division to earn this coveted distinction. Pte. Brooks joined the R.A..M.C. from the local Ambulance Division and has been in France since last May.

No. 4 District. Pte. John Atkinson, R.A.M.C., who was a private in the Clitheroe Division of the Brigade, has been awarded the Military Medal for gallant action whilst serving with the Salonica Field Force. O l d h a m .— The report of the Corps states that 350 men have gone on active service directly through corps as follows : — Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve, 47 ; Naval Division, 53 ; Royal Army Medical Corps, 250. A considerable number of others who have obtained certificates and received training

B \ cou rtesy ]

[“ Southend Graphic.” F ir s t

A id

D is p l a y

P o l ic e .

A fine display of first aid to the injured was given by the ambulance team of “ S ” Division of the Metropolitan Police at Southend last month, of which a report appeared in our last issue. The picture shows a policeman undergoing treatment for a compound fracture of the thigh and forearm and injury to the head.

the pleasure given recipients.

and

the

gratitude

shown

the

H a m p s t e a d (No. 20) D i v i s i o n .— The annual Church Parade was held at the Parish Church on December 31st, when the majority of the available members attended, and were sup ported by their comrades of the local Nursing Division. The Bishop of Willesden officiated, and prefaced his ser mon with an appreciation of the valuable assistance rendered to the country by voluntary ambulance workers. After the service the Bishop inspected both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, and complimented the members on their smart and efficient appearance. A/O C. T. Osborne received congratulations cn his pro motion as Hon. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. On Tuesday evening, February 27th, Sergt. C. Hanmer, of Rotherham, will deliver his Limelight Lantern Lecture on First Aid in the Hampstead Town Hall. Applications for

have entered the R.A.M.C. directly without going through the corps. No record of these is obtainable, but the number is not less than 50. In addition to these in January, when the R.A.M.C. was closed, the corps had a list of 300 names of men who had volunteered for active service. Nearly all these have been drafted into infantry regiments, and many of them have been made stretcher bearers because of their ambulance training. Among members of the Corps two have received Military Medals ; several have been wounded, and five have been kdled. As regards the Nursing Division, this has considerably increased in numbers, and a considerable number of the members have offered their services. A t present four members are serving in Hospitals or are on war duty. H a z e l G r o v e .— It is reported that Dr. Howe, R.A.M.C., late Divisional Surgeon, died of wounds in Salonica on December 10th.

— F I R S T

128 No. 12 (Irish) District.

January, 1917.

A ID .—

R a i l w a y A m b u l a n c e W o r k , 1916.

R e d C r o s s S u n d a y . — The last day of the old year being

the day for national prayer and intercession all over the kingdom, most of the Irish churches took the opportunity of devoting the collection to the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society. St. Ann’s Church, Dawson-street, held what may be described as an Official Service, and it was filled with ladies and gentlemen wearing the uniform and badges indicating that they are engaged in one form or other of war work. A large contingent of officers and men of the Brigade, under the command of the Deputy Commissioner, paraded in Dawson-street and marched to the Service, which was con ducted by His Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, the Rev. Canon Day, Rev. J. Riverdale and the Rev. George A. Chamberlain. I r i s h R e b e l l i o n .— A very interesting ceremony took place in Dublin on the 16th inst., a report of which will appear in our next issue, in connection with the Rebellion which took place in Ireland during Easter of last year. This consisted of the awarding of iMedals and Certificates of Honour to ladies and gentlemen who rendered first aid to the wounded during that dreadful time. The Deputy Com missioner, Dr. Lumsden, was on duty day and night when the fighting was at its fiercest, and it is chiefly to his personal observations that the valiant workers are receiving recognition. It must not be forgotten that the St. John Brigade is in this matter acting in a very broad and liberal manner in awarding distinctions irrespective of membership.

CUP C O M P E T IT IO N . — A very interesting competition was held on Friday, December 15th in Messrs. Jacob & Co.’s Recreation Hall, Bishop-street, Dublin, between the divisions of the Dublin Building Trade Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for a handsome silver cup, presented by Henry McLaughlin, Esq. T he tests were composed by Dr. Tugin Meldon, who also kindly acted as Judge for the ambulance work, and Mr. McWilliam, Superintendent Messrs. Jacob’s Division, for the stretcher drill. Four teams competed, comprising a team from Messrs. McLaughlin and Harvey’s Division, Messrs. Rome’s Division, Messrs. Brooks Thomas’s Division, and Messrs. Keatings’s Division. A very searching set of tests were gone through, embrac ing most of the more important points in first aid work, and after a very close and exciting competition the cup was awarded to Messrs. Keatings’s Division. T he winning team consisted of : Private Finlayson, No. I ; Private Harry Bone, No. 2 ; Sergeant Shanks, No. 3; Sergeant Austin, No. 4 ; Private John Murray, No. 5. The donor of the cup, Henry McLaughlin, Esq., made a most interesting speech at the conclusion of the competition, which was received with enthusiasm. In presenting the cup, he complimented Divisional Supt. C. T. Keatings for the man ner in which he had his team trained. T he Deputy Commissioner, Dr. Lumsden, congratulated the Dublin Building Trades Corps on the all-round high level of their work, and thanked the Judges for their painstaking work and Messrs. Jacobs & Co. for their kindness in placing their hall at the disposal of this corps for the competition. I r i s h L i m b l e s s S o l d i e r s ’ H o s p i t a l .— Much interest is evinced in the establishment in Ireland of the Duke of Connaught’s Auxiliary Hospital for limbless Irish Soldiers. T o this purpose the Meath Schools in Bray, will be devoted. T he Deputy Commissioner for Ireland, Dr. Lumsden, is taking an active interest in obtaining funds for the endowment of beds, and his efforts promise success. This hospital is bound to be of great service in bringing the facts of the war still more prominently under the personal observation of Irish men and women. An influential committee has been appointed and further particulars will be published as the institution develops.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mentie* “ First Aid.”

A lth ough

the Railway Ambulance Notes, which were a

regular feature of “ F

ir s t

A i d ” for many years prior to the

outbreak of war, have been discontinued, owing to pressure on our space in connection with other matters, there has been no cessation of ambulance activities upon our railways. It is well-known that the railways of this country, besides meeting the increased demands made upon them in con nection with the transport of men and munitions of war, have released thousands of their employees for military service, and, notwithstanding the smaller amount of leisure which has been available to those remaining in railway em ployment, the high standard of ambulance efficiency has been well maintained. It has been a feature of the war that many of the older railway servants, whose services have had to be re tained, have not only recently taken up first aid work, but others, who had relinquished all interest in ambulance matters, have again associated themselves with the move ment. During the past year a large number of ambulance classes have been formed under railway centres, and when the depletion of staff is taken into account the results achieved may be regarded as highly satisfactory. T h e competitions, which were such an interesting feature of railway ambulance work before the war, have, necessarily, had to be postponed, but, without this whole some incentive, enthusiasm has been maintained and reports of the year’s working are testimony to the determi nation of the railwaymen who remain at home to keep the movement flourishing. With the withdrawal of such a large proportion of the younger railway employees for service with the Forces, the number of classes which it has been possible to form is neces sarily considerably lower than in pre-war days, but to some extent this has been balanced by classes composed of female employees, who have entered the railway service to take the places of men who are engaged in fighting the common enemy. O ne of our railways already has a uni formed corps of female ambulance workers, who find an outlet for their energies and sympathies in ministering to the needs of the wives and children who visit the Lon don termini to bid farewell to soldier husbands and fathers, where cases of fainting and collapse are not infrequent. U po n other railways women who have qualified in ambulance work have enrolled themselves for service in case of acci dent or any emergency in which their knowledge can be usefully employed. Ambulance work has been fostered on our railways since the institution of the movement, and many of the more experienced hands, some of whom are quite veterans, are regularly giving their services in the various hospitals as night orderlies, etc., in their limited spare time. Another useful work which railway ambulance men have under taken is the conveyance of wounded soldiers between train and motor ambulance, work calling for the skill and care of the stretcher bearers which their ambulance training provides. A s is well known, a large number of highly skilled railway ambulance workers joined the R . A . M . C . on the outbreak of war, and many of them have received awards in recognition of their devotion to the wounded under fire. Some railway ambulance men have made the supreme sacrifice when applying the knowledge they have acquired in railway ambulance classes on behalf of comrades who have fallen in the fighting.

January, 1917,

— FIR ST

A ID

S T

THE

J O G

The

M e ch a n ics By

W ILLIA M

of R.

ST.

H A

C irc u la tio n . EDW ARDS.

( Concluded, fro m pag e 10 8 .)

JOHN

N E

AM BULANCE

A T

M E

129

G A Z E T T E .—

In normal circumstances the quantity of blood in the body varies but little, although gain and loss are co n tinuously taking place. It follows that the gain and loss approximately balance each other. T h e in crease in the quantity follows :—

blood

arises

1. — The P la s m a . T h e temperature of the body in the mouth or armpit, where it is usually taken, is about 98'4 degs. Fahr. and is somewhat higher in the more deeply seated parts. Every one of us has received this body heat as a birthright through our mothers, grandmothers and more remote ancestors, through whom it has been handed down without intermission or variation beyond narrow limits from the first human mother who lived on this earth, and it is due to this initial heat that the chemical changes in the tissues of the body can be effected. H eat is constantly being produced by chemical changes in the tissues of the body, due largely to the oxygen carried to them by the blood. T o o much heat is, in fact, being produced and means are accordingly provided for getting rid of some of it. T h e tissues near the skin lose their surplus heat by giving it direct to the surrounding air if cooler than the body. Heat is also lost through perspiration and other excretions from the body. The blood, however, is perhaps the most important means of cooling the deeper-seated tissues, and of maintaining the heat of those near the skin. Mention has been made of two sets of veins— superficial and deep-seated. T h e blood passing through tissues warmer than itself acquires some of their heat, and part of the blood so warmed passes through the superficial veins. T h e superficial tissues through which these veins run are constantly losing heat by physical means through the skin and consequently they are colder than the blood passing through them, and as the hotter of two bodies in contact always gives heat to the other, thereby tending to equalise their temperatures, the blood heats the tissues and itself loses heat. The amount of blood passing through the superficial veins is regulated by the vaso dilator and vaso-motor nerves which cause them to dilate when the body gets too hot and to contract when the body gets too cold. B y the time the venous blood reaches the superior and inferior venae cavae it consists partly of hot and partly of cooled portions, the average temperature of which is higher than that of arterial blood. In its passage through the lungs its temperature is reduced and it arrives in the left side of the heart at the right degree of heat to play its part in the regulation of the temperature of the body as a whole. T h e functions of the pulmonary circulation can now be seen to be four-fold. (1.) T o (2.) T o

aerate the blood.

get rid of certain impurities from the blood. (3.) T o mix the three varieties of venous blood (mentioned on p. 108). (4.) T o help to regulate the temperature of the blood.

(a ) Fluids drunk enter the capillaries which are in contact with the intestines. (1b) Solid food eaten, after undergoing chemical changes whereby it becomes fluid, enters the capillaries in contact with the stomach and intestines or in company with lymph passes to the veins through the thoracic duct. (c) Waste matter from the tissues, in the form of fluid ash and carbonic acid gas, enters the capillaries in all parts of the systemic circulation and is chiefly carried by the plasma. 2.— The R e d Corpuscles. (a ) The red corpuscles themselves are formed in red bone marrow whence they enter capillaries. Possibly they are also formed in the spleen. ( i) Oxygen enters the red corpuscles in the venous blood capillaries in the lungs. (c) Some carbonic acid gas is taken up in the systemic circulation. 3. — The W h ite Corpuscles. (а ) The white corpuscles themselves are derived from various sources, chiefly from bone marrow and by division in glands situate in the course of the lymphatic vessels. (б ) T he white corpuscles enclose, or eat up, harmful germs and dead tissue. T h e decrease follows :—

the

quantity

blood

arises

1.— The Plasm a . (a ) Blood is carried by the renal arteries to the kidneys, through the capillaries of which it gives up water, urea and other nitrogenous waste which pass through the ureters to the bladder and leave the body as urine. ( 3) Plasma passes into the lymphatic spaces ; part of it is excreted through the skin as sweat and part, as shown above, returns through the thoracic duct. (c ) Carbonic acid gas and water vapour pass from the venous blood in the lung capillaries and are excreted through the air passages. 2.— The R e d C orpuscles. (а ) The red corpuscles mostly end their existence in the liver and spleen. (б ) They give up to the tissues, through the capillaries of the systemic circulation, the oxygen taken up in the lungs. .— The

W h ite C orpuscles. T he white corpuscles and what they have enclosed, when dead leave the body through the various organs of excretion.

When a blood vessel is wounded blood escapes.

130

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

the absence of outside help bleeding may be stopped by the formation of a blood c l o t ; this is 'on ly possible when the force with which the blood escapes is not great, as would be the case if one of the smaller blood vessels were injured or if the patient fainted from loss of blood and thereby so diminished the action of the heart as to reduce pressure. T h e clotting of blood is a property of the utmost importance in the arrest of haemorrhage and is in fact the strongest part of Nature’s equipment for resisting and repairing the effects of injury to blood vessels. Blood begins to clot about four minutes after it leaves a blood vessel, the clot being formed by a network of fine fibres in the plasma and by the corpuscles which are held in the meshes of this network. First the blood thickens, then a jelly is formed and a little later a yellow fluid begins to separate and continues to do so until it leaves a solid clot. T h e yellow fluid is known as serum and differs from plasma inasmuch as a substance called fibrin has been removed from the plasma to form the network that enclosed the corpuscles. When an artery is cut through, the formation of a blood clot is aided by the retraction of the artery within its sheath and by the collateral arteries taking up the circulation. A blood clot formed over a wounded blood vessel materially helps to prevent the entry of germs and then performs the double duty of keeping blood in and germs out. T h e speed of the flow of blood and the time taken to complete the circulation are problems to solve which many experiments have been made. It has been proved by injecting a suitable fluid into the veins of animals in one limb and noting in the corresponding vein in the fellow limb when traces of it were found that the time occupied corresponded with the size of the animal. From these experiments it has been calculated that the time taken for the blood of a human being to pass from a vein to a corresponding vein of the other limb is about 32 seconds. T h is indicates that some at least of the blood can complete the double circulation by that time, but it by no means follows that the whole of the blood travels as quickly. T h e speed of the fluid in a tube depends largely on the size of the tube, as there is proportionately less friction to overcome in a large tube. Imagine the blood in an artery to be arranged in layers like a bandage rolled up ; the outer layer is constantly rubbing against the wall of the artery and is retarded thereby, consequently moving very s lo w ly ; the next layer is rubbing against the first which is already in motion and consequently is retarded less, and so on until the middle layers are reached where the blood is flowing most quickly of all. A good example of this is afforded by a mercurial barometer. I f the top of the column of mercury is noticed, it will be seen to be convex when the mercury is rising, flat when the mercury is still and concave when the mercury is falling. It must be borne in mind that blood is somewhat sticky and the coherency of the particles makes it flow more slowly than would be the case if the blood vessels were filled with water. Imagine a tube in three sections with a lumen in the first section of one square inch, in the second of 1000 square inches and in the third of two square inches, and that fluid is being forced in with sufficient pressure to keep the whole tube running full. T h e velocity of the stream will be one thousand times as great in the first section as in the second and twice as great in the third as in the first. What happens in the tube happens also in the arteries, capillaries and veins. Blood in the aorta flows as a whole at the rate of about 20 inches a s e c o n d ; in the

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

January, 1917.

capillaries its speed is so reduced that it takes 50 seconds to travel one inch, but by the time it reaches the great veins it has acquired a mean speed of 10 inches a second. T h es e comparative speeds have been verified by experi ments based upon quite a different principle. T h e journeys performed by two corpuscles leaving the left side of the heart at the same moment may be quite different. O n e may at once leave the ascending aorta and pass through one of the coronary arteries into the muscle of the heart itself and after travelling less than an inch may reach the coronary sinus and so get to the right side of the h e a r t ; thence it may go only to the nearest part of the lungs and back again to the left heart— the whole of the path it has followed being but little more than a foot. T h e other one may be destined for the much longer journey to the great toe o f the right foot, and not only may it be called upon to undertake this long journey but its speed may be checked in other ways. Instead of getting a good position in the middle of the large arteries, it may be in contact with the walls of those vessels, or worse still it may leave the main track and travel with the slow moving blood in the collateral vessels, perhaps still retarded by friction -against the walls. When it does reach the capillaries of the toes it will not necessarily find the shortest way through them, and here, indeed, will be delay. Perhaps it will meet with better fortune in the ascending by the veins, avoiding the small vessels and not being kept indefinitely in a pocket of one of the vein valves, and so reach the heart. Now it has the pulmcnary circulation to face, in the capillaries of which it may make a prolonged stay, so that its progress round the circulation will be far longer than that of the other corpuscle. In view of what has been said it is clearly impossible to demonstrate that the whole of the blood in the body completes the circulation in a given time, but if the amount of blood in the body, the amount discharged at a time from each ventricle and the number of times the ventricles contract in a minute are known, it is a matter of simple arithmetic to calculate how long an amount of blood equivalent to the whole takes to circulate. Thus if the cardiac cycle occupies eight-tenths of a second (75 to the minute) and during each cycle two ounces of blood are driven from each ventricle it follows that 160 ounces are circulated through the lungs and system in 80 cycles or 64 seconds, or twice as long as the fluid mentioned above takes to pass from the veins of one arm to those of the other, which may fairly be taken as not less than an average distance for blood to travel. T h e discrepancy points to the conclusion that, as has been previously suggested a gallon is an over-estimate of the blood in the body. M uch that might prove of interest has been omitted from this paper, but it is hoped that what has been said will be sufficient to afford a general idea of the principal factors governing the flow of living blood through living vessels in a living body. F in is .

W a l t h a m s t o w . — S ix lectures on First Aid, by Dr. J.

M. Carvell, will be given and 24th,

on Wednesdays, January 10th

February 7th and

from 7.30 to 9 o’clock.

21st,

March

tions in bandaging, etc., on alternate further information may be Education

Office,

Walthamstow.

7th and

Fee 5s. for the course. obtained

Tower

Wednesdays. from

Chambers,

the

21st,

Instruc Any

Higher

Hoe-street,

January, 1917

— F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

T h e S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l of th e O rder of S t. John. M r . E v e l y n C e c i l , M.P., was appointed the SecretaryGeneral ot the Order of St. John by the Grand Prior, the D u ke of Connaught, in succession to the late Rt. Hon. Sir Cla ude Macdonald, G . C . M . G . Previous to this he had taken an active interest in the War Committee of the Order, and on more than one occasion had asked questions of Ministers in the H ouse of Commons affect ing the position of its orderlies and the aircraft risks of its hospitals. His tact, courtesy, and sound judgment,

M r. E velyn

C e c i l , M .P .,

Secretary-General of the Order of St. John.

together with his prompt actions, give every confidence to those who Work with him at St. John’s Gate. Mr. Cecil has had a wide experience in both politics and business ; he is the son of Lord Eustace Cecil, brother of the late Lord Salisbury, and was born in 1865. H e was educated at Eton and New College, Oxford, where he took his degree with honours— B .A. in 1887 and M .A . in 1890. In 1887-8 he travelled round the world, visiting Canada, the United States, Japan, Java and India. In 1889 he was called to the bar, and for a short time practised on the Western Circuit. H e acted in 1891-2 as one of the private secretaries of the Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, and again from 1895 to 1902. From 1894 to 1899 he was a member of the old London School Board, in the affairs of which he took a leading part. H e has continuously sat in Parliament since 1898, first for East Hertfordshire and since 1900 for Aston Manor, a large working-class con stituency where his popularity has been shown by increase-

JOHN

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

ingly big majorities each contest. H e is a director of the London and South-Western Railway, and represented that company at the International Railway Congress at W a s h ington in 1905 and Berne 1910. H av in g been selected one of the British representatives of the permanent C o m mittee of the Congress, its affairs took him every year to Brussels to meet the delegates of other European powers, and in 1 914 he had paid his annual visit to Belgium about three weeks before that country was invaded. Besides his work in railway matters, Mr. C ecil has taken a lively interest in trade, shipping and finance. He moved for and was elected Chairman of the Select C o m mittee of the Hou se of Com m ons to enquire into foreign shipping subsidies and their effect on British trade in 1901-2, and he was also Chairman of the Eastern Mail Service Committee in 1904. H e is Deputy-Chairman of the Clerical, Medical and General Life Insurance Society. H e served on the Pu blic Retrenchment Com m itte e in 1915-6, under the Chairmanship of Mr. M c K e n n a as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr. Cec il published in 1889 “ Notes of my Journey R ound the World,” and in 1895 “ Primogeniture,” a short history of its development in various countries and its practical effec ts; and, having been in South Africa and seen Presidents Kruger and Steyn just before the outbreak of hostilities in 1899, he wrote “ O n the E v e of the W a r ” on his return the following year. Since undertaking the Secretary-Generalship at St. John ’s Gate, Mr. Cecil has turned his attention to the Oetter co-ordination of the committee work and the re establishing of the Council as the executive body, subject to the decisions of the Chapter-General. H e is also largely responsible for the new Selection Comm ittee, to whom names of candidates for admission to, or promotion in, the Order are now submitted before being sent to the Chapter-General, and he has materially furthered the project of a Priory for Wales. Mr. C ecil is a member of the Joint War Committee of the Order and the British R e d Cross Society, and from a national point of view he thoroughly appreciates the importance of the harmonious working together of the two bodies and uses his influence to bring this about, while the history and traditions of the Order remain always present to his mind. Mr. C ecil’s wife was the H on. Alicia Amherst, a daughter of Lord Amherst of H ac kn ey. It was to his activity as Secretary-General that the granting of the new charter in 1888 was largely due. She is a L a d y of Justice and a working member of the St. John A m b ulan ce A s s o ciation, and, like her husband, is deeply devoted to the Order and keen to maintain its usefulness. Candidates for Demonstrator’s Certificates are re minded that the next examinations take place during the first week in March as follows :— Lo n don First Saturday Birmingham „ ,, Manchester ,, ,, Newcastle T hursday Leeds JJ M on d ay Cardiff Dublin Saturday Belfast Examinations will also be held during the same period at Bristol, Douglas (Isle of Man), Liverpool, Hull, Southampton, in the event of there being sufficient candidates.

— FIR ST

132

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

T h e G ra n d P rio ry of th e O rder of th e H o sp ita l of S t. Joh n of J e ru s a le m in E n g l a n d . C h an ce ry o f the O rd e r, S t. fo h n 's G a te , C le rk e n w e ll, Lo n d o n , E .C ., Ja n u a r y 4 th , 1917. His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :— A s K n ig h t o f fu s tic c ( fro m K n ig h t o f G ra ce ) : T he Right Hon. the Lord Monson. A s L a d y o f fu s tic e ■ Grace Julia, Lady Drummond (from Lady of Grace). A s K n ig h ts o f G ra c e : The Right Hon. the Viscount Iveagh, K.P., G.C.V.O., F.R.S. Sir John Rose Bradford, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.D. T he Hon. Alexander Nelson Hood, C.V.O., Duke of Bronte. Captain Alfred Charles Seton-Christopher (from Esquire). Colonel Alfred Percy Blenkinsop, C.B., M.R.C.S., A.M.S. Captain Ernest;Beachcroft Beckwith Towse, V.C.(from Esquire). Colonel Sinclair Westcott, C.B., C.M.G., L.R .CP.Ed., A.M.S. Surgeon-General John Chislet Culling, M.R.C.S., A.M.S. A s L a d y o f G race : Jane Elizabeth, Mrs. T. H. Hendley. A s E s q u ire s . Lieut.-Colonel,William Richard Blackwell,L.R.C.S.I., R.A.M.C. Fleet-Surgeon Robert William Glennan Stewart, M.B., R.N. A s H o n o ra ry S e rv in g S is te r : Edith Daisy Michell, Miss Farwell. F o r E n ro lm e n t as H o n o ra ry A sso ciates . George William Quarrington. Edmund Acres Bagshawe.

The By

V .A .D .

W ILSO N

W o m e n ’s

CREW DSON,

W ork.

Hospital Orderly.

those who have had the privilege of assisting in the work of St. John and Red Cross hospitals must have frequently found cause for congratula tion at the results secured by the skill and good nursing of the trained hospital sisters ; unfortunately they were too few to take charge of the number of sick and wounded who, as soon as the war commenced, began to fill our hospitals. T h e sisters required extra help, and here it was that the W o m e n ’s Voluntary A i d Detachments— the so-called V . A . D . ’s— saw their opportunity for being of use, so that they too might fight for the just cause for which their fathers and brothers were giving their lives. Fortunately lectures and demonstrations in first aid and nursing had been given for a long time by the above Societies, and in such numbers did qualified assistants volunteer, and so energetic and useful have they proved, that to-day some of us are apt to overlook the fact that there are men’s detachments of the V . A . D . who are also A ll

doing excellent work. Later on other opportunities offered, and young women became munition workers, clerks in banks, etc. ; but the real pioneers amongst these willing women workers were

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

January, 1917.

the V . A . D . members of the St. John Ambulan ce Association and Brigade and the British R e d Cross Society, who hastened to take their part in the work of our hospitals, for which they had been trained. A t first all were unpaid volunteers, and even now, with the exception of those in military hospitals, the vast majority receive no payment. T h e y come from all parts of Great Britain and Greater Britain beyond the seas. “ T here are no boys in our family, and all my sisters are married, so I felt I must come along and help,” said a young V . A . D ., who travelled quite alone from a distant colony, and soon proved herself, in the matron’s words, “ a little brick.” It was some time before the general public appreci ated the earnestness of their work, and recognised that they were animated by the same pluck and devotion which distinguished the heroines of the days of the Crimean and the Indian Mutiny. M any o f them have had much ex perience since they first obtained their certificates, but they also include in their number those who probably were at school only a year or so ago, and are now working with those of longer experience, and doing all in their power to help the wounded in the wards of our hospitals. The hours are long, the work severe, but they never seem to be ill, all personal discomforts are regarded as a joke, and they never, never complain of fatigue. It is impossible to associate with the V . A . D . nurse a complaint of overwork on account of the wounded. When the wounded are brought on their stretchers into the wards you will find the . V . A . D . ’s, if they are not prevented, taking the heaviest part in the lifting. H o w they do it is a puzzle, but their determination pulls them through. Occasionally they take a holiday, part of which is spent in ^a walk, and part in all probability in making necessary purchases, but not altogether on their own account, as far as can be judged by the carefully selected presents for the wounded, with which they return to the wards. It has been said that the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of E t o n ; so to-day we can say that the robust health stored up by the V . A . D . ’s in the days when they had time for games of hockey or tennis has given them the strength for that strenuous work in the hospitals which is so essential if the greater number of our sick and wounded soldiers are to be restored to the fight ing line. There is, however, another side to the work, and one that is insufficiently recognised— that of the kitchen and parlour staff. T h e hospital work would be at a standstill were it not for those who volunteer for these duties. It is quite as hard as nursing, and possibly not so interesting. It is not every woman who has the gift of making a good nurse, and so with equal energy she takes an even harder part. T h e cooking of food, not only for the wounded and the hospital staff, but also of the tempting little dishes re quired for patients who need special care, has to be carried out. T his demands the same faculty for organisation that would ensure success in the management of a considerable busin ess; for stores have to be thought out and ordered several days beforehand, and the best has to be made of what stores are at hand, not what are most desirable. The many gifts which are sent to the hospital must also be used to the best advantage— not only hot-house fruit and game, but more homely gifts, such as vegetables and welcome baskets of apples, which need sorting with the wisdom and care of an experienced gardener. A n d yet here you will find the V . A . D ., or her representative, who, in all proba bility, never knew how capable she was till she had put her knowledge to the test. T h e parlour work, which at

January, 1917.

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times must be somewhat trying, is carried out in the same thorough manner, for the V . A . D . ’s are determined that all work for the good ot the cause shall be well done. We all admire the trim grace which regulates the ap pearance of the working girl in France. Her clothes seem to fit like the sails of a well-found yacht. Our British girls now have the chance of wearing the uniform of the St. John and the British Red Cross Society, or the brown general service uniform of the kitchen or parlour staff. There is nothing so charming as a nice print dress, and whether she be from Great Britain or the Greater Britain beyond the seas, the V . A . D . knows what a becoming dress is, and sees that it fits and is clean and smart as clever fingers can make it. Such is the effect of this uniform that she is at once able to compete with her French sister in smartness of appearance. T h e head-dress is always becoming, especially as worn by the Sisters, when in a curious way it recalls the pictures of the dignified dames of Plantagenet times. A n d now a few suggestion as to how men, many of whom are V . A . D . members attached to hospitals as orderlies, can, in addition to their regular work, assist the sisters and the V . A . D . nurses. T o carry the food to the various wards and, as far as possible, assist in its distribution is a small matter that will suggest itself to everyone ; but it may not at first be quite so obvious that in each ward there is throughout the day a constant accumulation of pails con taining discarded dressings, all more or less septic, which require emptying and disinfecting. An inquiry at regular times in the ward will save many a journey to a bardworked nurse, who will bravely struggle with these heavy weights if left to herself. Amongst the many other possibilities of rendering help that will occur to everyone is to keep an eye on the fireplaces in the wards and see that they are properly supplied with fuel. T h e lamps, if such are used, also require lighting at the proper time ; but here again you must not forget the daughter of the Empire, because you will probably find that one of them has volunteered to undertake tbe refilling and trimming of the fifty or so lamps that are required for everyday use ; and some day perchance you come across a V . A . D . in a cellar trimming lamps, and she tells you in a matter-of-fact way that she has been doing this work every day for months past. She has probably never asked for, and never had, a holiday, and would be very indignant if some ignorant person sug gested that she was weary of her occupation. All V . A . D . ’s who find their occupations as nurses in the wards, or as members of the kitchen or parlour con tingents, carry out whatever is entrusted to them not only with skill and ability, but also with an enthusiasm and un selfishness which recall the deeds of our soldiers.

In v e s titu re a t th e H o s p i t a l,

B rig a d e

A n interesting event took place at the St. John Ambulan ce

Brigade Hospital, Etaples, France, on the evening of the 9th December, when the Earl of Ranfurly, P.C., G . C . M . G . , presented to certain of the V . A . D . ladies serving with the hospital the Insignia of Honorary Serving Sister of the Order of St. John. Colonel Trimble and the officers of the hospital invited to witness the ceremony the Commandant, Brigadier-General Graham Thompson, C.B ., C . M . G . ; Sir George Makin,

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

!33

K . C . M . G . , C.B ., Consulting Surgeon to the Etaples D is trict ; Colonel Carr, C.B ., D . D . M . S . , Etaples ; Sir J. Rose Bradford, K . C . M . G . , C.B ., Consulting P hy sic ia n; Colonel Plomer and Major White of the C o m m a n d a n t’s staff; Mr. Ridsdale, Ac ting Commissioner War C o m m i t t e e ; the officers commanding and officers of the hospitals at Etaples, together with the matrons, trained nurses and V . A . D . members of these institutions. Col. Trim ble having alluded to the services of the V . A . D . members upon whom the decoration of the Order was to be bestowed, welcomed Lord Ranfurly and the other distinguished guests. H e recalled that his own connection with the Order, dated from the year 1882, and his long service had only served to strengthen his admiration for the work it was doing. It was interesting, he thought, to remember that once more we found ourselves in the closest alliance with the French as we had been during the Crusades, and that the Order was still carrying out the work for which it was founded in the year 1047 Lord Ranfurly then presented the decoration to the V . A . D . members and said :— “ By tbe request of the Counc il and Chapter, and with the sanction of His Majesty the Sovereign H e a d of the ancient Order, I am about to hand to you the Insignia of Honorary Serving Sister. I have to enjoin you with the cross as the sign of man’s redemption, and so may you ever remember in your lives that its four arms symbolise the Christian virtues— Prudence, Temperance, Justice and Fortitude ; that its points represent the eight Beatitudes which spring from tbe practice of these virtues. I am about to hand you a cross, its whiteness is the emblem of that purity of life required in those who fight for the de fence of the Christian faith and live for the poor and suffer ing. I desire to point out that His Majesty has signed his sanction for these to be given with his own hand. I wish to hand to you each a prayer of the Order which is given at the same time as the cross.” Lord Ranfurly then went on to say that it had given him great pleasure to have had the privilege of presenting this well-earned decoration. H e recalled that it was in the year 1047 that a hospital was first founded by the Order. From those early days the Order of St John had been of the greatest service to civilisation. The hospital in which they were now gathered was the best proof that the Order was still doing the work for which it had been originally established, i.e., the caring for the sick and wounded. H e wished to emphasize the fact that the Order was very proud of its hospital, and all at St. John ’s Gate were determined to do everything possible to help them to keep up the name they had already earned as the best or one of the best hospitals in France. A t the conclusion of Lord Ranfurlv’s speech, Colonel Trimble asked him if he would kindly present two vellum certificates of the Royal H um ane Society to two of the officers of the hospital who had earned that honour under the following circumstances : O n the 15th August, 1916, Captain M c C l o y was bathing at Paris Plage and got out of his depth, and, as the tide was ebbing, his position was one of extreme danger. Captain Coe, the dental surgeon (who was then Lieut. Coe) recognising Captain M c C l o y ’s danger went to his assistance and endeavoured to save him, but he himself got into difficulties. A t this juncture Lieut. Hine, the Quartermaster, realising how matters stood, went to the assistance of both these officers, and by his efforts and those of Captain Coe, succeeded in getting Captain M c C l o y to the shore and he very soon recovered. It was undoubtedly true that if assistance had not been at

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hand, and promptly rendered, Captain M c C lo y would have lost his life. Lord Ranfurly then presented these certifi cates, and he took occasion to congratulate both officers on their brave action.

S o m e C a u s e s o f F a i l u r e in E x a m in a tio n s. A s p ir a n t s as

th o se

d o u b tle s s ,

fo r fir s t a i d

who be

and

h a v e f a i le d in te r e s te d

to to

A m b u la n ce

h o m e n u r s i n g a w a r d s , a s w e ll s a t i s f y t h e i r e x a m i n e r s , w ill, know

th e

cau ses

w h ic h

f a i lu r e s a r e in t h e m a i n a t t r i b u t a b l e .

Examinees who are unsuccessful in their attempts to qualify for the certificate (first year) awards may be roughly divided under four heads. T h e first class are those who appear to take the view that the examination is more or less of a formality, the cer tificates being automatically gained in return for attend ance at the prescribed number of lectures, with little or no supplementary study or practice. This class of candidate is by no means as common as formerly, but the species is not yet extinct. It must be understood that the St. John A m b ulan ce Association certificates are not attendance prizes, but have to be earned by dint of assiduous study and practise. T h e second group of failures consists of those pro crastinators who put off studying their handbook and prac tising until “ the to-morrow that never comes,” or until the short interval between the last lecture and the examination, with a result that they face the examiner with but a hazy and confused knowledge of their subject. T h e third class of failures are familiar to all examiners, instructors and class secretaries as those who do not remain after lectures for practice, but hurry away immediately the lecture is over, excusing themselves in various ways and promising to practise at home— a promise frequently for gotten or postponed until the examination is in sight, with the inevitable result. T h e remaining group of failures are those who miss one of the series of lectures (as the regulations permit) but fail to make good their loss by carefully studying the sub ject dealt with on that occasion. T h e fates decree that they shall be questioned in this subject, and the list of failures shows the price of the omission. T h e foregoing are the more common causes of failure of examinees for certificates. There are, in addition, some candidates who fail on account of nervousness and some on account of over-confidence. These, however, are few and far between compared to those forming the four main groups referred to. T h e tactful and experienced examiner can generally assess a candidate’s knowledge, notwith standing any temporary excitement or assumed assur ance. T h e causes of failure to pass the higher ambulance examinations generally fall under one of the following heads :— (a ) Want of precision in answering questions. (b) Inefficiency in treatment. (1c) Ignorance of the course of the main arteries. \d) Inefficiency in performing artificial respiration. (e ) Answering questions by quoting parrot fashion from the handbook. ( / ) Inability to give reasons for treatment. (g ) Discounting the value of treatments as laid down in the handbook.

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

January, 1917.

All examiners of advance students are familiar with the examinee who gives only half an answer, e.g., the per son who asked to give the treatment for a child in convul sions, says “ Put it in a bath.” T h e correct answer is, of course, “ T o s it the child in a w a rm bath, etc., etc,” the whole treatment turns on the words in italics. T h u s are marks lost. As to failures due to inefficiency in treatment, this is frequently in respect of comparatively small things, but the aspirant for higher honours, particularly he or she who essays to teach others, must be particular and precise. Ignorance of the course of the main arteries has “ floored ” many a candidate. It is difficult to appreciate the reasons why this particular phase of first aid knowledge appears to be neglected, but examiners generally confirm the ignorance of “ first aiders ” on this point and also on that performing artificial respiration. T h e examinee who knows his handbook backwards but little else is not as often met with as formerly. H is weakness is detected when the examiner’s questions are framed in terms other than those appearing in the official manual. Candidates who are unable to give reasons for treat ments are often also the offenders in regard to recitations from the handbook. Their volubility displays a lack of intelligence, and is by some regarded as one of the evils of the mnemonic system of instruction. Disbelief in the treatment prescribed in the handbook has failed some of the candidates for the higher awards. It is unfortunate for the candidate when he tells the examiner he is aware that “ so and so” is not the treatment prescribed in the text book, but I should adopt it. H e forgets, presum ably, that he is questioned as to his knowledge of first aid methods as set out in the official handbook, compiled by one of the highest, if not the highest, authority on the subject. T h e ambulance man who knows better than the official handbook is not the person to instruct others in its teaching.

V .A .D .

N ew s.

The following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department op the Joint V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading. — E ditor . W e desire to direct the attention of members to two courses of classes in Radiography, which have been arranged for the benefit of London. I.— A t the Incorporated Institute of Hygiene, 34, Devonshire-street, Harley-street, W., where classes are held fortnightly. There are two lectures, followed by a demon stration at a hospital, in each course. E ach member taking the course is required to pay 3s. as entrance fee to meet incidental expenses. I I . — A course of training in X - R a y work has been arranged, and will be given under the direction o f Sir James Mackenzie Davison. T h e following is the syllabus :— (1) Six lectures on Electricity, by Miss E. S. Semmens, B.Sc., at University College, Gower-street, on Wednesdays, from 2 to 3.30 p.m., and Thursdays, from 3 to 4.30 p.m. (2) Course of Demonstration by Miss Sybil Clark on— (a) Special X - R a y A p p a r a tu s ; (b ) Localisation of Foreign Bodies and on X - R a y Photography.

January,

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(3) T h es e will be followed by a short course of Radiography at a hospital. T h e time and place of these demonstrations will be announced later. Applicants with previous elementary training will be given preference for this course, which will be of six weeks’ duration. T h e fee will be 10s. 6d., and members will have to find their own board and lodging. Prospective candi dates will be expected to become members of a Deta ch ment and after taking the course must be prepared to offer their services for work under the Joint Committee. An examination will be held at the end of each course, with a view to a certificate being granted. T w elv e members can take the course simultaneously. ***

Will members kindly note that their application forms for Special Service, both Nursing and General, m ust be filled up in their own handwriting.

JOH N

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135

T w o hundred and seventy-four new applications for Nursing and General Service have been received during the past month.

H o sp ita ls of th e No. 6 D istric t, S .J .A .B . V isit

th e

L ady

S u p e r i n t e n d e n t -i n - C h i e f .

L a d y P e r r o t t , L a d y Superintendent-in-Chief, made a tour of inspection of the 16 hospitals of the No. 6 District of the Brigade on September is t and 2nd, 1 9 1 6 She was accompanied by the Cou nty Director and D e p u t y Commissioner, Mr. C. B. Palmer. Without any exceptions these hospitals seemed to be

***

Members on active service will be interested to learn that the War Office has decided to increase the pay of V . A . D . and special probationers in military hospitals staffed by Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Nursing Service or the Territorial Nursing Service, after they have com pleted six months’ approved service, from ^ 2 0 to £ 2 2 10s. per annum. And, provided they are willing to sign an under taking for general Army Service, for so long as necessary, they will be eligible for further half-yearly increases of jQ 2 10s. up to a maximum of ^ 3 0 per annum. In addi tion to this increase, the board and washing allowances of the above classes have been raised by 4s. a week. The detailed conditions will be announced in Army orders in due course. ***

It is with deep regret that we have to announce the loss by death, within the last month, of three of our valued members. Miss Phyllis Guillemard, Berks/32, died of pneumonia on November 28th, while serving in Queen M ary’s Military Hospital, Whalley. Miss Gertrude An nie Taylor, of St. John Ambulance Association, Belfast/26, died of double pneumonia, on December 12th, while on service at the 1st London General Hospital, Camberwell, to which she was posted in July last. She had previously served faithfully in France for seven months. Miss Alice Violet Hallam, another St. John’s Brigade member, of L o n d o n / i i4 , died as the result of an opera tion, in France, on December 18th. She had completed more than 13 months’ service in France, and had also nursed at Charing Cross Hospital and at Cedar Lawn Hospital, Hampstead.

During the four weeks ending Decem ber 26th, 377 members have been posted from Devonshire House, allo cated as follows :— Nursing Members : T o Military hospital wards at home, 2 3 3 ; to Auxiliary hospital wards at home, 43 ; under Joint Committee abroad, 26. Non-Nursing Members under Joint Committee abroad,

1 7General Service M e m b e r s : 27 ; to Auxiliary hospitals, 3t. ***

Military hospitals,

T h e total number o f members now at work is 7,426, of whom 4,553 belong to the B .R .C .S . and 2,873 t0 St. John, O f these 4,864 are nursing in Military hospitals and 3 1 7 in Auxiliary hospitals at home, and 361 are on General Service in these hospitals; 149 are in Military hospitals abroad, while 394 are working under the Joint Committee.

F. C o o k , E

Hon. Sec. Canadian Branch, S.J.A’A., 1910-15. Chairman Executive Committee, 1916.

run most economically and extremely well. It was most satisfactory to see the way the members of the Brigade had been carrying on this splendid work for many months. In fact, the hospital at West Hartlepool was the first hospital in the District to be opened after war broke out, and has now been running over two years. All the hospitals were very full, and with only one or two exceptions the cooking was carried out by members of the Brigade and was quite excellent. V ery excellent results were being obtained in those hospitals which had X-ray apparatus, and everywhere the trained matrons and sisters spoke in the highest terms of the V . A . D . members working under them. L a d y Perrott before she left the North was present at the opening of the new outdoor huts at the is t Northern General Hospital Armstrong College, 1,600 beds, and was

136

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extremely pleased to hear from the matron the satisfactory report of the V . A . D . ’s working there. O n the evening of the 23rd the L ad y Superintendentin-Chief held an inspection at Cambridge Hall, Newcastle, of 14 Nursing Divisions, namely :— Dunstan, Western. Jesmond, Novacastria, E m m a C o l liery, Greenside, Addison, Gosforth, Blaydon, Osborne, L a d y Ridley, Grainger, Winlaton and Newcastle. O n e hundred and seventy-three officers and members were on parade, many of them coming by train at consider able inconvenience owing to the darkness, thus showing their enthusiasm in the work. L ad y Perrott complimented them on the smartness of the parade, and expressed her very great satisfaction with all the splendid work she had seen being carried out by the members in No. 6 District, and also complimented the Deputy-Commissioner, Mr. Palmer, on being in command of the largest District in England, and his untiring efforts in extending the work of the Brigade and Voluntary Aid Detachments. T h e following is the list of hospitals visited by the L a d y Superintendent-in-Chief:— Oxford House Hospital, Whitley Bay.— Lady Supt., Miss Race ; Commandant, Dr. Davidson ; 32 beds. Tynemouth V .A.D . Hospital.— Lady Supt., Mrs. Catchside; 45 beds. Whinney House and Saltwell Towers, Gateshead-onTyne. — Lady District Supt., and Matron Mrs. C. B. Palmer: 185 beds. At Saltwell Towers there is a ward given entirely by Newfoundland. Jeffrey Hall, Sunderland.— Commandant, Dr. Modlin ; Lady Supt., Mrs. Bullinghill ; 60 beds and an X -R ay Department. St. Gabriel’s Hall, Sunderland.— Commandant, Dr. Pearcy ; Lady Supt., Mrs. Shield ; 42 beds. Social Centre Hospital, Sunderland.— Commandant, Dr. Challenor ; Lady Supt., Mrs. Rogers. Mill Dam Hospital, South Shields.— Commandant, Dr Harland ; 70 beds. 17th North Bailey V.A.D. Hospital, Durham.— Com mandant, Miss Robson ; 33 beds. Brancepeth Castle, Durham.— Commandant, the Hon.E. S. Hamilton-Russell; First Officer, Viscountess Boyne ;i io b e d s . Pendower Hospital, Newcastle.— Commandant and Matron, Mrs. Reach; Quartermaster, Mrs. Parmeter ; 35 beds. Kensington Terrace Hospital, Newcastle.— Lady Supt., Miss Gurney; Commandant and Matron, Miss Tidswell; 46 beds. Hebburn Hall Hospital, Pelaw.— Commandant, Dr. Walker ; Lady Supt. and Matron, Mrs. W a lk e r ; X -R ay Department. West Hartlepool Hospital.— Commandant, Mrs. Coulson ; 40 beds. New Seaham Hospital.— Commandant, Mrs. Swallow ; 30 beds. All these hospitals were visited in company with the C ou nty Director and D epu ty Commissioner of the St. John ’s Am b u lan ce Brigade, Mr. C. B. Palmer.

A n ato m y

L ectu res.

T h e second series o f a course of lectures on the Anatom y o f the H u m an B o d y will be given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England by Professor Keith, Conservator of the Museum, for first aid and ambulance students at 5 p.m., in the Theatre of the Coll ege in Lin co ln’s Inn Fields, on the following days :— IV. Monday, January 22nd.— The sites and symptoms of the more common fractures. V. Wednesday, January 24th.— The various kinds of jo.nts met with in the body : how they are nourished and lubricated.

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

January, 1917.

VI. Friday, January 26th.— Dislocations and other accidents which may require first aid treatment. V II. Monday, January 29th.— The manner in which the action of muscles is regulated. The more common accidents to which they are liable. V II I. Wednesday, January 31st.— The part taken by muscles in maintaining the upright posture. W hy exercise helps to maintain their efficiency. IX. Friday, February 2nd.— The Anatomy and care of the teeth and mouth. Mastication. Swallowing. X. Monday, February 5th.— The Anatomy and Move ments of the Stomach and Bowels. XI. Wednesday, February 7th.— The Lacteals and Peritoneum. X II. Friday, February 9th.— The Kidneys and Urinary System. Anatomical preparations and specimens, used for pur poses of illustration, will be placed on exhibition in the Theatre from 3 to 5 p.m. on each lecture day. O n the following day the same preparations will be placed in the hall of the Museum, where they may be studied between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. Attendance at these lectures is free and no ticket of admission is required.

The

S t.

John

A mendm ents

and

A m b u la n ce A d d it io n s

R e g u l a t io n s

th e

A sso c ia tio n . th e

R ules

and

S .J.A.A.

(1) T h e Title of the Central Executive Comm ittee has been changed to that of the Ambulan ce Committee. (2) Persons in oossession of a Cook ery Certificate issued by any recognised Training School of Domestic E co n om y may have the fact recorded on their H o m e Nurs ing Certificate by forwarding both to the Ch ief Secretary. S p e c ia l

I n st r u c t io n s

for

F ir st

A id

C lasses.

(Issued with the approval of the War Office and Central Joint V . A . D . Committee). W hen it is found impossible to obtain the services of a medical practitioner to give the whole of the instruction to any particular class in the above subject, the Class Secretary should report the fact to a local member of the medical profession, preferably connected with the work of the Order. I f the medical practitioner thus approached is satisfied after enquiry that no local medical man can undertake the instruction and is willing himself to assist the work of the Association, the Am bulan ce Comm ittee may, on the facts being reported to the C h ie f Secretary, agree to some modification of the teaching, i e , provided that the medical practitioner referred to above will agree to give the following instruction h i m s e lf :— ( a ) T h e principles of the arrest of haemorrhage. (b .) T h e principles of the treatment of fracture. (e .) T h e brain and its injuries. (1d.) Poisons and their treatment. H e may at his discretion delegate the remainder of the course to a holder of a Demonstrator’s Certificate of the Association under his direction. This method of instruction will hold good only during the period of the war. Class Secretaries, when applying for an Examiner in such cases, must give on Form A / E not only the name of the medical man who has given the instruction referred to above, but also that of the Demonstrator to whom he has delegated that part of the teaching which he has notjbeen able to carry out himself. -1 (Signed) W. O. P r i c h a r d , Chief Secretary. S t. l jo h n ’s Gate, Clerkenwell, is t Jan., 1917.

January, 1917.

— F I R S T

CONTENTS

TH IS

AID. — A m b ulan ce

T he

NUMBER.

137 Com m itte e

the

Metropolitan

Asylums Board calls attention to the very serious position E d it o r ia l —

T h e A ctivities of th e A m b u la n c e D e p a r tm e n t of th e Order of St. John ... ... ... ... D is t r ic t

in which the ambulance service has been placed owing to 125

the depletion of the staff of motor mechanics and driver

126

ties,” says the committee, “ the staff has become so reduced that the Board’s fleet of vehicles can no longer be maintained

mechanics.

R epo rts—

No. 1 ...

...

“ U nder pressure from the military authori

No. 3 ; No. 4

...

1 z?

No. 12

...

128

in working condition.

...

128

either

Railway Ambulance Work, 1916

...

The Grand Priory of the Order of the St. John of Jerusalem in England

...

An Investiture at the Brigade Hospital

129

Hospital of ... ... 132

The Secretary-General of the Order of St. John The V.A.D. Women’s Work

...

131

...

132

...

133

Some Causes of Failure in Ambulance Examinations

134

V.A.D. News

...

134

...

135

...

Hospitals of the No. 6 District, S.J.A.B.

...

Anatomy Lectures

...

T he St. John Ambulance Association

have been unsuccessful.

A t the

present time 37 per cent, of the ambulances are awaiting

T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e —

T he Mechanics of Circulation

Efforts to obtain driver mechanics,

male or female,

...

136

...

136

...

137

repair, and it is probable within a few ambulance will no longer be able

months’ time

remove

fever

the and

diphtheria patients from their homes to the hospitals, and the retention in their own homes of hundreds of infectious cases must has disastrous effects.

For such a result, how

ever, we feel that we are in no way responsible.” T h e committee adds that if the am bulance

work is

neglected it may have far-reaching effects on the public health, especially should smallpox or

any

other

the

serious infectious diseases assume an epidemic form. T h e y recommend to the Board that the Local Gover nmen t Board

Brevities

...

Use and Abuse of First Aid Outfits

...

138

Queries and Answers to Correspondents

...

140

should be urged to arrange with the proper authorities for the retransfer to the Board’s service of the men taken from it for the Arm y or munition service, or in some other way to give the Board the number of skilled men required.

B re v itie s.

***

illustrating

case

the

resourcefulness

of the

first

W e reported a few months age that the Canadian troops

aider is reported in which a “ T o m m y ” playing football

were receiving first aid instruction under the auspices of the

sustained a fracture of the right leg.

S.J.A.A.

who was a

W e hear from Quartermaster-Sergt. R. C. Wood,

who is the senior instructor in the Toronto Military District,

patient’s

T h e ambulance man

spectator of the game immediately tied

feet

together

with

handkerchief,

the

improvised

that the work is being well received and good results ob

splints

tained ; he informs us that a month is spent with a battalion,

bandages formed from the flags torn into strips, his necktie

taking two platoons at a time, a class taking the whole

and belt.

morning or afternoon, and the instruction being divided in

be improvised on

four parts or periods.

highly praised by the surgeon at the Military Hospital to

* T he

Canadian Branch has received many cangratu-

L ynch,

the

American

Red

Cross,

characterises training in first aid as a very valuable and very cheap form of insurance.

“ Possibly we may never need

this knowledge,” he adds, “ but the wise man or woman would hardly be willing

to let any building go without

insurance on the chance that it would never burn.

H ow

much more important it is for us to insure ourselves against

the

corner-flag

sticks,

them

with

Although the whole of the appliances had to the

spot

the treatment

afforded

was

* * * T h e recent announcement that the Portman Rooms,

Baker-street,

London,

have been acquired as

a Military

Hospital will revive many memories of pre-war days among ambulance workers.

For it was there in “ the piping days

of peace ” that ambulance men from all over the country foregathered once a year to witness the final rounds of the “ Inter ” and “ Dewar ” Competitions.

The

former (the

Inter-Railway Cha llenge Shield) Competition was regarded as the last word in first aid contests.

the bad results of accidents.”

securing

which the unfortunate footballer was conveyed.

lations on the success of this work. L i e u t .- C o l .

from

O n these occasions

the foremost exponents of first aid methods matched their

V I t has often occurred to us why it is that the members

skill in friendly rivalry, their efforts being closely followed

of the Metropolitan and City Police Forces are not allowed

to wear the ambulance badge on their left sleeve, similar

were

to those worn by the Co unty

maintained up-to-date, for the competitions had a social as

Constabulary.

The

police

hundreds

formed which,

interested renewed

supporters. year

year,

Friendships have

been

come in contact with many cases of accident and illness in

well as an educational value and did much to weld together

public thoroughfares and they generally have a crowd of

ambulance interests from all parts.

spectators

gatherings will be looked forward to by many now engaged

contend w i t h ;

wearing

their

ambulance

badges would inspire confidence not only to the but would prevent interference of bystanders.

patient

The

revival o f those

in putting first aid knowledge into practice for the common cause.

L et it be s o o n !

— F I R S T

AID. —

T o minimise the disadvantage of undue compactness, the Hospitals and General Contracts Co. (19-35, Mortimerstreet, W.) have, at my suggestion, prepared a special Emergency Bag. This is fitted with two removable trays, the lower one of which contains dressings, applications, etc., while the upper (and smaller) is empty and available for any extra equipment that may be required for special emergencies. The instruments are carried in the lid of the bag which measures 11 by 8i by 3^ inches.

U se a n d A b u s e of F irs t> A id O u tfits. B y

N. C O R B E T

FLETCHER,

M.B.. B.A., B.C., Cantab., M.R.S.C., Eng. H o n . Su rg eo n H am p stead D iv is io n S .J.A .B . A u th o r

“ A id s to F irs t- A id ,” “ A id s to H om e N u r s in g H e . T h i s Article is the outcome of a letter from a Correspondent

who remarks that most Students of First-Aid, acquire a regulation Outfit,

when they

are perplexed concerning the

uses a n d a p p lic a tio n of the material— e.g., various gauzes, lints, wools, & c . — contained therein. Further, he asks for concise particulars as to w h a t to use and w hen to use each variety. As a matter of fact, this request oversteps the dividing line which separates Medicine and Surgery from First-Aid, because the last-named is concerned only with resource fu ln e ss aud d isc rim in a tio n in making the best use of “ what ever material is at hand.” Moreover, the Outfit may at times encourage Med dlesome First-Aid, as, for example, when it tempts a First-Aider to assume responsibility for subsequent dressings of injuries or to administer a sedative draught for diarrhoea ! Since, however, the Outfit provides “ material at hand ” and justifies its existence (in spite of the disadvantage named) by providing also a “ place,” which is q u ick ly a n d e a s ily accessible, and which enables the material to be kept reaso n ab ly cle a n — then a discussion on the uses and appli cation of such material may be permitted and will serve a useful purpose, and the contents of an Outfit can be classi fied as Dressings, Applications, and Medicines I.— D R E S S IN G S . T h e various dressings supplied are usually s te rilis e d (germs destroyed by st-am under pressure) and are either p la in or m ed icated ; that is, either aseptic (free from germs) or antiseptic (antagonistic to germs). Thu s, for asep tic dressings we may have plain lint, gauze and wool (w h ite ). for a n tise p tic we may have boracic lint and wool (p in k ), or alembroth (mercury) gauze and wool (b lu e ), or cyanide (mercury and zinc) gauze (m a u ve ), or iodoform and picric acid gauzes (y e llo w ). ( 1)

C o m p o s itio n

(2 )

C are

Secondly, clean lin ess o f equipm ent cannot be too empbaticaly urged. This "is obtained (1) by systematic cleansing of all basins, bowls, medicine' glasses, &c., before replacement, (2) by avoiding staining of labels and soiling of bottles during use, and (3) by keeping all bandages, dressings, &c., enclosed in wrappers, the folds of which must be secured either by string or sealing wax. It is noteworthy that blood-stained articles are easily cleansed if they are placed immediately after use in cold water containing salt. Otherwise, the application of heat will fix the blood stains and render cleansing difficult. (3 )

D r e s s in g s , & c .

Further, most First-Aid Outfits err on the side of being too compact, and it is important to insist upon two points — neatness and cleanliness— without which Abuse of an Outfit will inevitably result. First, neatness o f equipm ent is ensured if each article is carefully replaced in its correct position so that it may be found subsequently without delay.

C h o ic e

D r e s s in g s .

i D re ssin g s fo r W o u n d s, H aem o rrh ag e, etc Next, in our choice ot dressings we remember that with all classes of wounds the pressing dangers are hcem orrhage and sepsis (infection of wound and blood with germs). Theoretically we should select asep tic d ressing s fo r clean w ounds a n d a n tise p tic d ressing s fo r d irty o r in fected w ounds Through practical experience, however, we know that d ry a n tise p tic d ressing s a re m ost s a tisfa cto ry f o r a ll w ounds, because in an emergency it is easier to mlect a wound than to protect it from infection. Further, the medicated dressings named may (if applied dry) prove irritating to some wounds and are for this reason usually applied wrung “ dry ” out of weak antiseptic solution. Therefore, it is almost universally agreed that the id e a l d ressin g f o r a ll F ir s t A id p u rp o ses is dry Boracic Lint, which is non ir rita tin g , mildly an tise p tic, and practically non poisonous Lastly, it is possible to com bine a s te rilis e d d ressin g s a n d bandage as in the A s e p t o B a n d a g e , which can be applied immediately without any fingering or handling in all emergencies, and is made up in different sizes to suit all varieties of wounds. ii

D r e s s in g s .

Dressings vary in their composition. Thus, L i n t is prepared linen (cloth made of flax), one surface of which is left smooth while the other is scraped into a soft woolly su bs ta n c e; G a u z e is a thin transparent fabric (originally made from silk but now from any fine hard-spun fibre); and C o t t o n - W o o l is cotton in its raw and woolly state, and is obtained from the pods of the cotton plant. Dressings (like antiseptic lotions; vary also in colour. This variation may be either n a tu ra l, as with picric acid gauze and solutions, or a r tific ia l (and due to added stain) e.g. re d (eosin) as with boracic lint, carbolic solution, &c., or blue (methylene blue) as in mercurial preparations and solutions.

January, 1917.

D re ssin g s fo r B u rn s , S c a ld s, H e .

For these injuries, in view of the presence of p a in and the urgent dangers of shock and sepsis, we endeavour to find a dressing which will (1) soothe the part, (2) absorb any discharge and (3) p re v e n t its decomposition. T o this end aseptic medicated dressings— e.g., cyanide gauze— are most satisfactory, especially when they are applied wrung “ d r y ” out of weak antiseptic lotion. If these are not available, then lint soaked in sterile alkaline solution— e.g., boiled water saturated with bicarbonate of soda— -will soothe the pain while it mechanically p ro tects the part. Failing these, oily preparations (applied on lint) effect the same results, but unlike the former, they carry with them the possibility of added infection, which must be anticipated and guarded against— e.g., Carron oil is rendered antiseptic by the addition of Eucalyptus Oil. (ro per cent.). * In

C h o i c e , C a r e , & c ., o f

* D r e s s in g s

* be

CLEAN.

Remembering, therefore, the many possibilities of A buse o f our Outfit, we may summarise the most im portant points with regard to Composition, Care and

F I R S T

January, 1917.

Ch oice of Dressings, and we shall appreciate the fact that all dressings must be— C.

l e a n .—

C leanliness has been shown to be essential both during the application and also in the storage of dressings L a r g e . — It is a mistake to be too economical with a dressing, which must be ample for the purpose required, e.g., wound or burn. E f f i c i e n t .— T he dressing capable of producing the desired result— be this lint, gauze or wool— must be carefully selected.

O p er a tin g

T hf. a t r e s — O p e n i n g

from

A n t i s e p t i c .— F or the reasons given, an antiseptic dressing is usually preferable to an aseptic in an emergency. N. N e a t . — Neatness in the care of dressings is almost as important as neatness in their application. * * * * * * *

U s e o f Dressings. e. A p p lica tio n . T n e peculiar advantages 'Ol G a u z e are that, being more permeable than Lint, it can be more e a s ily s te rilis e d and can more re a d ily absorb any blood, serum or matter exuding from a wound. C o t t o n w o o l possesses the same characteristics in a less degree and is used either for ab so rp tio n (e.g., swab) or as an outer cover for protecting and

13 9

packing a wound and its dressings. L i n t does not permit fluids to pass through its pores so easily and is more use ful for the application of lotions, etc., and for fomentations. Which surface of the lint— smooth or fluffy— should actually touch the wound is debatable, even amongst doctors, although the smooth is possibly accepted most usually as correct. The secret of making a mop ing on iodine) is to spread out a piece the size required and to wrap one end •which h as been p re v io u s ly m oistened w

A n a e st h e tic R o o m .

A I D. -

Sr. J o h n

A mbulance

B r ig a d e

(e.g. for paint of cotton-wool of {th e ex trem tty o f ith w a te r) firmly

H o s p it a i, F r a n c e.

round a rod, e.g., match-stick, &c. By this device the mop will remain securely in position. ii. D a n g e r o f Sep sis. With every wound there is a danger of septic infection which may be either in e v ita b le , and introduced with the injury, or p re ve n tab le and introduced subsequent to the injury. In view of trie latter contingency, it is agreed (1) that dry antiseptic dressings are most suitable in an emer gency, and (2) that every wound (like every fracture) must not be interfered with more than is absolutely necessary for efficient treatment. Such infection may (re caused by u n clean han d s (which should be washed before commencing treatment), by d irty in stru m en ts (which should be sterilised before use), and by

— F I R S T

14°

careless h a n d lin g of the dressing. Under these circum stances the aseptic or antiseptic gauze supplied in the Outfit must be opened out and applied at once with clean hands, and the remaining portion must— until re-sterilized— be regarded with suspicion for subsequent use. Failing this, the gauze must be wrung out of weak disinfectant solution (carbolic 1 in 40) and used as a moist antiseptic dressing. With an A S E P T O B A N D A G E the gauze can be safely applied, when facilities for cleaning the hands are absent, and it is completely used up at each dressing. *

I n U se

and

A pplication

NEAT.

In the U s e and Application of Dressings, therefore, we find that, if we would avoid abuse of our Outfit, we must always observe four essential points which, as was originally shown in my A id s to F ir s t A id , may be memorised as follows, and remind us that all our work must be N.

N eat. Through Neatness— i.e., trim m in g o f co rrect re s u lts — we increase the value of, and show pride in, the completed task.

E fficie n t. U p o n Efficiency— i.e., p o w e r to prod uce co rre ct re s u lts— stands or falls the whole merit of a First-Aid Outfit.

A ccurate. T hrough Accu racy— i.e., dem o n stratio n o f co rrect re s u lts— we soothe pain, protect wounds, and prevent sepsis.

T ested . Rou tine Testing— i.e., v e rific a tio n o f co rrect re s u lts — is the final step which ensures Neatness, Efficiency and Accuracy. ( T o be co n tin u ed .)

the last meeting of the

letter was submitted from Mr. the Transport Committee,

Glasgow

Corporation

Robert Smith,

Scottish Branch,

Cross Society, asking to be allowed

convener of British

January, 1917.

Queries and Answers Correspondents.

ressings

AID. —

R ed

free of

3. — Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

H. H. B. (Port Talbot) referring to the Query on Internal Hemorrhage, which appeared in the November issue, asks if it is necessary to bandage the limbs in Collapse fro m o th er causes besides hemorrhage, and if the result is the same, viz., to relieve the heart of much work. He states that he has heard a good many arguments on this question of B a n d a g in g in a ll cases of Collapse, and has failed to get any satisfaction on the subject. Collapse is an extreme depression of the Nervous System due to some Cause, e.g., haemorrhage, scalds, abdominal in juries, &c. In all such cases the proper inter-action of the Vital Functions (see A id s to F irs t- A id , p. 39) is in jeopardy through the consequent disturbance of the circulation, and life is at stake. If, therefore, h a v in g fir s t rem oved o r tre ate d the Cause, we can cut off a large area of the circulation, then we s h a ll lig h ten the work of the heart and w e s h a ll p ro cu re a purer and more plentiful supply of blood for the vital Centres in the Brain, viz., those which control the circulation and respiration. Bandag ing the limbs accomplishes this task, and the Cause o f C ollapse is im m a te ria l to o u r treatm en t, although the best results are seen in cases of haemorrhage because there is in this instance an actual loss of blood, i.e., the fluid medium which links up all the Vital functions. For the dangers, disadvantages, &c., of Bandaging the limbs, see W h y an d W h erefo re in F ir s t A id , pp. 49 and 82.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

charge, as on former occasions, twelve motor ambulances. T h e corporation, after consideration, agreed that the request be granted.

H a n m e r ’s I l l u s t r a t e d L e c t u r e s .— S ergt. Hanmer is touring the London district with his popular

lantern

lecture on First A id and Life Saving, from the 8th to 28th February.

the last two years,

and

Sergt,

Hanmer has

audiences wherever he has lectured.

had

large

It is an excellent

means of enlisting more people in taking up the work, and as the lecturer only charges divisions of the Brigade him

Surgical Cleanliness is more exacting than Domestic, especially in the dressing of wounds which are a t a ll tim es liable to septic infection. Therefore, it is sound treatment in every case to apply Tincture of Iodine, if it is “ at hand.”— N. Corbet F letch er.

T h is lecture has been the means of creating a

general interest in first aid work in the provinces during

invite

M. E. (Southsea) asks if, as a preliminary to strapping, iodine should be applied in a case where a person, whilst cutting bread, cuts his hand or finger badly with a clean knife

their

his

should

distirict.

out-of-pocket make Full

expenses,

arrangements

particulars

can

to be

obtained from Sergt. Hanmer, 205, Doncaster-road, G o ld thorpe, near Rotherham.

W h e n C o r r e s p o n d i n g .w it h A d v e r t i s e r s p le a se m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id .”

R. G. (Vancouver, B.C.) asks us to settle this query for him :— In trying to revive the apparently drowned, what harm would come from trying to induce circulation before natural breathing has commenced, p ro v id in g th a t Artificial Respiration is being performed properly and plenty of help is available ? Some contend that forcing the blood to the lungs by rubbing the limbs, &c., will cause congestion. M y thought is that, if Silvester’s, Howard’s, and possibly Laborde’s Methods are being properly performed a t the sam e tim e there is no room for slapping and rubbing without grave danger of interference.

Artificial Respiration is the imitation of Natural Breathing. By keeping up the supply of air (and oxygen) to the lungs, it ( C o n tin u e d on p ag e 1 4 2 .)

January, 1917,

— F I R S T

FIRST-AID A

BLAND

PA IN LE SS

A I D -

r HORLICK’S ' A

MALTED

A S A D I E T IN

D R E S S IN G .—

® A

Aseptic.

A "

Antiseptic. I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland. It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating F r e e Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

R E A D Y IN A M O M E N T .

N U R S IN G .

R E Q U R IE 8 NO COOKING.

L ib e r a l S a m p le s f o r t r i a l w i l l be se n t to th e P r o fe s s io n P o s t F r e e on a p p lica tio n .

M IL K

RED CROSS

Contains all the food value of pure full-cream milk enriched and modified with the soluble nutritive extracts of choice malted cereals. T he ratio 01 protein to carbohydrate and its perfect digestibility commend this food as a reliable reconstructive which may be given freely in septic conditions and surgical cases.

— IO D IN E

141

H o r l i c k ’s M a l t e d M i l k C o . , S l o u g h , B u c k s .

JA M ES W O O LLEY, S O N S & Co., Ltd.

I 0 0 E X is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/3. I O D E X has benefitted the follow ing and numerous other conditions: E n l a r g e d G la n d s , Goitre. T u b e r c u lo u s Joints, B u r sitis , S y n o v i t i s , S ciatic a, N euritis, Gout, R h e u m a t o id Arthritis , H y d r o c ele, P a r a s it ic S k i n D is eases. R in g w o r m , Chilb lains, Acne, Bolls, M u m ps, S prains, AN D A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y CONDITIONS. L iteratu re

ap p lic atio n

to —

Menley & James, Ltd., “ loTooS!” .'”''

The “ Livesey” Portable Bed. A

c o m b in e d

P o r ta b le

Cam p.

E m ergen cy It m a y

for

Uniforms and Equipment V ast

m o d ern

added

e n a b le s u s a ll

o th e r

and

fa c to r y

S e r v ic e s

e q u ip m e n t

m a te r ia ls , w ith

w ith

u n ifo r m s

g u a ra n te e d

w o rk m a n s h ip any

and

fin is h

o th e r

c lo th in g

e q u a l q u a lity . P r ic e s

and

S a m p le s

re q u est.

Supplied with or without this accessory as desired. I llu str a te d and d escrip tive ci rcu lar on application.

Victoria Bridge, MANCHESTER. “ British throughout.”

V i t a f e r °ite ■w

* *

•

F O O D S

Casein, Lac ta lb u m en , G ly c e r o p h o s p h a te s ,

Samples, Descriptive Booklet (giving composition), Testimonials, etc., from British Medical Men of repute, but necessarily without name, sent post free on receipt o f card.

16,

N IL E

ROAD, LONDON, N., 4, P R IN C E S STR EET, SQUARE,

S tre tc h e r.

Of proved .and testified efficacy in all forms of physical and nerve weakness.

C ITY and

HANOVER

as a

e x p e r ie n c e ,

— a t p r ic e s th a t c h a lle n g e c o m p a r i son

u sed

The Illustration shows the B ed fitted with fram e fo r carrying a Mosquito Cover.

F ir s t A i d a n d

reso u rces,

c e n tu ry ’s

to s u p p ly

a ls o

H o s p ita l an d

B ed.

S T R E E T ,

LONDON,

V i t a f e r is p r a c t i c a l l y t a s t e l e s s , is v e r y r e a d i l y d i g e s t e d a n d a b s o r b e d , a n d is t h e o n l y n o n c o n s t i p a t i n g c o n c e n t r a t e d food. Its freedom from s u g a r and p u rln - p ro d u c in g s u b sta n c e s i n d i c a t e s i t s u s e in d i a b e t e s a n d g o u t . S o le P r o p r ie to r s a n d M a n u fa c tu r e r s ,

SOUTHALL

BROS.

BARCLAY,

L td .,

B IR M IN G H A M .

142

— F I R S T ( Continued from page 14 0 .)

p u rifie s the blood, stimulates the heart, and re v iv e s the vital Brain Centres (i.e., those of circulation and respiration) until breathing re-starts. Therefore, by its adoption we are actually endeavouring to induce circulation fro m the outset o f treatm en t. Further, since the peripheral circulation is at a standstill pending the resumption of breathing, any a d d itio n a l attempt to induce circulation is waste of energy, because all the internal organs are congested with blood and there is probably a quan tity of water left in the lungs to interfere with their functions. The combination of Methods suggested is not a good one except in the later stages of treatment when breathing is be ginning to be established. The risks of interference and of overlapping of efforts have been noted in the Query. Schaefer’s Method is the m ethod o f choice because it is immediate, simple, easy ; and further, it provides the lungs with as much air as any two of the other methods combined.— N. C o r b e t F letch er.

R. G. (Vancouver, B.C.) asks with reference to the case of a compound complicated fracture of middle of femur (with hfemorrhage) :— (a ) Would you put digital pressure first on thigh or, in order to give room to adjust tourniquet, would you com press artery at brim of pelvis ? (b ) Would you put twisting device of tourniquet on top of th'gh (anterior) or pad long splint freely so as to allow' stick to twist around on outside of limb and under splint ? (c) Would you object to putting tournquet around both thigh and splint and twisting over the splint ?

(a ) Digital pressure of femural artery, to be effective, can o n ly be exerted on the brim of the pelvis and m ust be adopted as preliminary treatment while the tourniquet is being pre pared and placed in position on the thigh. (b) The tw'isting device of the tourniquet should not be placed on the top of thigh, as suggested ; but it must be ap plied d ire c tly opposite to the pad (Cantlie, p. 75). Otherwise it would tend to drag pad away from the artery. (■ c) The danger to life is such that no serious attempt must be made to treat the fracture until the ha;morrhage from the femoral artery has been properly controlled. There can, there fore, be no question of applying tourniquet outside splint.— N. Corbet

F letcher.

R. H. (Cumberland) writes -I am an iron ore miner, employed at the Hodbarrow Mines, and a member of that Brigade for 13 years, and on many occasions have had 10 get injured miners up and down ladder footways 5 to 15 fathoms long, as this is a mass depos:t. How would you manage a case with a fracture of right clavicle and bleeding from the right sub clavian artery, which had to be trans ported down a footway 10 fathoms deep to reach the main travelling way to the shaft?

The subclavian artery is difficult to control except by digital pressure. T he Requirements of the Emergency (see E ffic ie n c y in F ir s t A id . p. 113), however, are to keep the arterial haemorrhage under control, and to transport the patient down a 6o-foot ladder-footway, whereby all possibility of keeping up continuous digital pressure is eliminated. T he best plan, therefore, is to place a firm graduated pad on the artery behind an d c le a r o f the broken ends o f the collarb o n e and to fix this firmly in position with a figure-ofeight roller bandage, the first loop of which passes through the right axilla and encloses the p a d for fractured collarbone. The bandage is then carried across the patient’s back through the left axilla, and thence across the front of the chest until the second loop is completed. With a little care the succeeding turns of the bandage mav be so placed that they avoid pressure on the broken ends of collarbone and ye t secure com plete co n tro l of the bleeding artery. This done, we can treat the fractured clavicle in the ordinary way. Next, transport depends on the condition of the patient and the degree of Shock present. If, contrary to our ex

AI D

—

January, 1917.

pectations, there is little or no depression of the nervous system, the patient may be allowed to walk down the ladder ; but, if any doubt exists as to the wisdom of this course, then we must place the patient on a stretcher fitted with a Lowmoor Jacket (Cantlie, Price List, p. 12), which will enable us to lower the patient down the ladder in a vertical position and so facilitate his removal to home or hospital.— N. C o r b e t F letcher.

R. A. (Percy Main-on-Tyne) asks for the best way to treat (1) simple fractures of middle of fermur and of patella, both on the same leg. (2) Simple fractures of rig h t collar-bone and of le ft shoulder-blade. (1) Discrimination (Cantlie, p. 18) shows that the fractured thigh, as the m ore serio u s in ju ry , presses for immediate attention. Further, since we must keep the leg fully extended for both fractures, there is no clashing of treatment and the bandages for control of the kneecap can be easily placed in position d u rin g treatm en t of the femur, viz., immediately after fixation of this fracture. The back splint advised for broken kneecap is, of course, unnecessary, its work being carried out by the thigh splints and by tying the feet together. (2) If we treat the broken collarbone in the usual way and arrange that the transverse bandage shall also fix the left arm to the side, there will be little or no chance of aggravation of the broken shoulder-blade, and we shall be saved a multiplicity of bandages. Further the work will probably be simplified because— a fractured shoulder-blade being usually due to direct violence and associated with grave internal chest injuries — the patient may for this reason require removal in recumbent position on a stretcher.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

I. W. (Maryport) says he once in o liv e o il used in the case burned severely on his arm waste catching fire from his correct.

saw Picric Acid Gauze steeped of an engine cleaner who was and leg through his cleaninghand lamp. He asks if this is

For Burns, &c., oily preparations are dressings “ of necessity” and not “ of choice,” the correct sequence of selection being ist aseptic medicated gauzes, 2nd sterile alkaline lotions, and 3rd oily substances and preparations. T be Gauze named is prepared from a saturated solution of Picric Acid (which is a strin g e n t, a n tise p tic and an alg esic) and should be applied wrung “ d r y ” out of sterile water or a weak antiseptic solution. Failing these, it is best applied dry. The addition of olive oil was, therefore, incorrect. See Answer to W. H. S. in last issue.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

Class Secretaries in L ondon requiring the services of a trained nurse as a Lecturer in H o m e Nursing should apply to the Ch ief Secretary, S .J .A .A , St. John’s Gate, Clerken well, E .C ., for particulars.

A new Lodge, under the title of the City of London R e d Cross, and numbered

3,781

on the register of the

United Grand L o d g e of England, was consecrated last month at Pagani’s Restaurant,

Great Portland-street,

The

founders are all attached to the Ambulance

Co lu mn

the

R ed

City

of London

Detachments

the

Cross

Society.

W h en corresponding: w ith A dvertisers please mention “ First Aid ”

January, 1917

— F I R S T

H IR O N

AID. —

and W O O D E N

143

H O S P IT A L

B U ILD IN G S

AND THE NEW PA TEN T BRICKW ORK SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION FOR

M U N IT IO N ■■■

FA C T O R IES ,

E t e .? E te .

Sailors’ and Soldiers’

MOBILE PANEL HUTS & HOSPITALS on View, as supplied from Stock to the

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY & ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. B u i l d i n g s s h ip p e d c o m p le t e fr o m o u r W o r k s o n th e T h a m e s , E b u r y S iz e s , S to c k e d

S e c tio n a l

P a n e ls .

MAY

S im p le

C o n s tr u c tio n

IN S P E C T E D

B r id g e , V ic t o r ia , S .W ., S ta n d a r d

to e re c t

DAILY

A b ro ad

o r d in a r y

la b o u r .

HUMPHREYS LTD., KNIGHTSBRIDGE, LONDON, S.W. (C o n tra c to rs

to th e

A d m ir a lty , W a r

O ffic e ,

A u s tr a lia n

and

C a n a d ia n

G o v e rn m e n ts).

144

— F I R S T

A I D

AID SIMPLIFIED.

B y S id n e y H . L a m b . A H a n d b o o k in a tab u lated a nd sim plified form g iv in g the m ain points ot first aid, so arranged as to im press them on the m em ory o f th e student.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., L td ., 46, C a n n o n S t.

3 E d itio n R evised.

A ID S

B0UV ER1E

ST .,

W H Y

^ p u c j P o sta g e" O ne Penny

LONDON,

Popular Life Saving Lectures to a Division of the Corps. The Lectures are given F R E E plus working costs, which are very small, so the G olden O p p o rtu n ity is within the reach of even the poorest Division, and will be a big help to them. The vacant dates are limited, so it is advisable to apply early. Novelty Booklet, giving full particulars, opinions of Medical men, Brigade Officers, etc., etc., will be sent to any address on receipt of 3d. stamps to cover postage. Address :— S e r g t . C. H A N M E R , R oad, G oldth orpe, N r. R otherh am .

M a rch T o u r.— No. 12 (Irish) District. Wires : Hanmer , Ambulance, Goldthorpe.

IN STR U C TIO N In “ PRESUMPTION and “ ELEM ENTARY DISPENSING.”

She Jndian Ambulance Gazette. A Jo u rn a l o f A m bu lan ce W o rk in In d ia , B u rm a a n d the E a s t.

post free.

P u b lis h e d Q u a rte rly . Can be obtained on abplication to the Editor, Jutogh, Sim la H ills, India A T> Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark . r\ . I f . Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 21s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

H O M E -N U R S IN G .

AN D

W H EREFORE

F IR S T -A ID .

D i f f i c u l t i e s In S t u d y a n d T r e a t m e n t s o lv e d by Q u e s t i o n a n d A n s w e r.

“ IVe com m en d th is book to L e c tu r e r s a n d S tu d e n ts w ho w i l l f i n d i t o f g r e a t se r v ic e ." — F i r s t a i d .

E F F IC IE N C Y Just published. P r o b le m s in Siudy, T r e a t m e n t a n d

H IN T S

FOR

F IR S T -A ID .

Post free, i s . 2 d. E x a m in a t io n solved fo r S e n io r S t u d e n ts .

H O S P IT A L

R eady soon.

O R D E R L IE S .

Post Iree, 7d .

D u t i e s S i m p l i f i e d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h Ai d s t o M e m o r y .

AN IN D E X O F F IR S T -A ID . By J . M. C A R V E L L , M . R . C . S . . L . S . A . L o n d . A vade-m ecum for the A m b u lan ce W o rk e r. F c a p .8 v o . Post free, I S . 2 d . F I R S T - A I D IN F E W W O R D S . (38th thousand). By t h e S a m e A u t h o r . W ith C o lou red D iagram s. 12 pp. F o ld e r. Paper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . H O M E N U R S I N G I N F E W W O R D S . (16th thousand). By th e S a m e A u th o r. In clud in g useful reference tables. 14pp. F old er. P aper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. System s o f B o d y accurately in dexed. In v a lu a b le to Students A n a to m y, M ed icin e, F irst-A id and A llie d Subjects. Price 2 S . n e t ; postage, 2d. T H E TRIANGULAR B AN D AG E: Its A p p lica tio n show n b y W o rd s and D iagram s. B y H O W A R D M. P R E S T O N , D e m o n stra to r to th e P o ly tec h n ic. 116 Illus. P rice, is. net, postage 2d. T H E ROLLER BANDAGE. By t h e S a m e A u t h o r . Its A p p lica tio n show n b y W o rd s and D iagram s. 161 Illustrations. Price, i s . n e t., postage 2d. FIR S T-A ID AN A TO M IC A L DIAGRAMS. T w e lv e in set, on R oller. P ost free, 2 S . i o d . E a ch D iagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. N o . 1 4 . — H U M A N B O D Y . — S H O W I N G A R T E R I E AND P R E S S U R E POINTS. C o lou red. P rice, 6 d . T H E W H O L E A R T O F BANDAGING. By THEKLA B OW SER, F .J.I., In trod u ction b y J a m e s C a n t l i e , F .R .C .S . Illu s. P ost free, is . 2 d . P R A C T I C A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G O U T & M A K I N G UP H O S P ITA L G A R M E N T S FOR S IC K & W O U N D E D . {Approved by the Red Cross Society). Illustrated. Post free, I S . 2 d . A S H O R T C O U R S E OF P H Y S IC A L TR A IN ING FOR T H E R E C R U IT S OF T H E N E W ARMIES. By A L L A N BRO M A N ._______________ Price IS. 8d. post free. JOH N BALE, S O N S & D A N IE L S. SO N , L t d . , 8 3 - 91 , G r e a t T i t e h f l e l d S t r e e t , L o n d o n , W .

A pply (stamp) t o M r. J. E . W a l d e n , Sec., Westminster College (L ad y Dispensers Section o f the Westminster College o f Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874), I 1 2 . S t . G e o r g e ' s R o ad , S o u t h w a r k , L o n d o n . __________________________

P ric e 2 s h illin g s p e r a n n u m

E .C.

C o rrectio n .— Sergt. Hanmer begs to announce that his Tour of the above Corps will start on the 8th of February, and not on the First as previously announced. But on each date from the 8th to the end of the month, he hopes to give one of his

PO STAL READING ”

Post free, 7d.

Price, 7d ., post free.

NET

PRINCE OF WALES’S CORPS.

205, D o n c a s t e r

F IR S T -A ID .

Price, 7 d ., post tree.

O rderly

& CO.,

AID,

H o m e - N u r s i n g S i m p l i f i e d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h Ai ds t o M e m o r y . “ T h is book w o n d e rfu lly s im p lifie s a c o m p le x su b je ct a n d sh o u ld be r e a d by a s tu d e n ts ." —L. & N.W. Ry. G a z e t t e .

“ A useful n ote-b ook for am bu lan ce studen ts . ” — B ritish M edical

MURBY

Third Edition.

Journal. THOMAS

FIRST

F i r s t - A i d S i m p l i f i e d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h Ai ds t o M e m o r y . “ C o l. C a n tlie co n trib u tes a n in tro d u ctio n a n d w e endorse h is g o o d o p inion o f th e book."— L a n c e t .

LONDON, E.C.

A C lassified S eries o f F irst A id N otes and an In terlea ved N o te -B o o k for A m b u lan ce S tuden ts. By W . E. S t. L A W R E N C E F IN N Y , M .D ., M . C h ., H o n . A sso c, o f the O rd er o f S t. Jo h n , L e ctu re r on F irst A id .

By N. CORBET F L E T C H E R , B.A., M .B ., B.C. ( C a n t a b . ) , M.R.C.S

Dr. F in n y ’s First Aid.

rd.

January, 1917.

MANUALS

P o e t f r e e 7d .

P r ic e 6 d . n e t.

NOTES ON FIRST

—

O R S A L E , a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. I id. a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and all other Scien tific and Literary subjects. S e c o n d - H a n d a t H a lf ________ Prices. New Books at Discount Prices. Catalogues free. State wants. Books sent on approval. Books bought. W. & G. F O Y L E , i s t and 133, Charing Cross Road, London, W.C.

Best Stretcher on the Market. BE S T QUALITY CANVAS.

P r ic e

(A S

S U P P L IE D

SPRING GEARING WHEELS.

£ 1 H .M .

G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable Stretcher for Boy Scouts, W .

G .

14s .

6d.

H E L P S

(L a te P o a d , H e l p s & C o .), S t. P h ilip s B r id g e , B R I S T O L M akers ot A m b ulan ce W agon s and R equisites.

O R S A L E . — Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and Overcoats; samples on approval.— Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

“FIRST A ID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

G E N T S Wanted in every Regiment, Ship, Camp, Hospital, Munition Works, and Scout Troop. Samples p-ree.— Bells, 857, London-road, WestclifTe-on-Sea.

T o be cu t o u t a n d enclosed w ith a ll Q u eries. J a n u ary , 1917.

P rin te d an d

P u b lish ed by M essrs.

D a lb , R bvnolds &

C o ., L td ., 46, C an n o n

S t..

L o n d o n , E .C ., to w hom all com m unications should b e a d d se sse d .

F IR ST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

AMBULANCE Edited by A R T H U R

No. 272.— Vol. XXIII,

[New Series.]

Our

-----

THE

FEBRUARY,

1917.

GAZETTE.

DALE.

[Enundatstanoturs'H aii.\

[2/g per Ann™ post f RKb

(1) T h e transport o f sick and wounded from A m b u

Readers.

lance to Military Hospitals, and from Military Hospitals to

“ F ir s t Aid ’ ’ Is pu blished on t h e a o t h of e v e r y m onth . The Annual Subscription is as. 6d. post free ; single copies 2d. The Editor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C. All articles and reports must be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot the Editor.

Auxiliary Hospitals. (2) General duties in Military and Auxiliary Hospitals (3) Air Rai d duties. T h es e important duties have been voluntarily carried out during the past two years to the entire satisfaction of the Military Authorities, and if these men are to volunteer under the National Service scheme their services will be

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business communications connected with F i r s t A i d should be addressed to the Publishers,

lost to the Military.

T h is

being so, we think that they

should not be called upon for further service, so long as DALE ,

REYN OLDS

& CO.,

L t d .,

their

46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E.C.

services

are

performed

the

satisfaction

the

Military Authorities and the Cou n ty Director concerned. W e are of opinion that, in an important matter of this

ED ITO RIAL.

kind, the Co unty Directors should be recognised under the scheme, so that they can act in conjunction with the Cou nty Organisation which may be set up, in order that they can

The

D irector -G en eral's

scheme

deal

with

all

matters

relating

National

Service and

Voluntary A id Detachments.

National

National Service for utilising the Man-

Service

power of the country was launched this

and the

month, and he made his appeal forth-

“ It is not unlikely that the Voluntary A id

with for volunteers between the ages of

may be drawn into the women’s side of National Service.

V .A .D . ’s.

18 and 61 work of national

to offer their

importance.

Detachments are in a state

services

for

M any members of M e n ’s of

uncertainty as to which

course they shall pursue, either to volunteer for National Service, and relinquish their work in connection with the V . A D . ’s. or to continue their duties with the V . A . D . ’s, for it is very evident, except in a few cases, they can do both. W e know that the members of the M e n ’s Detachments are desirous to co-operate in every possible way in further ing and safeguarding the

national interests, and of their

readiness to submit to further sacrifice, if the needs of the country demands, and it is for Mr. Neville Chamberlain to

So far as women are concerned, T h e T im es s a y s :— Detachm ents

Already they are losing many o f their members at the call of paid war work.

There are 50,000 beds in Auxiliary and

V . A . D . Hospitals, staffed by unpaid women, many o f them trained nurses who have returned to their profession since the war began.

In Wiltshire recently the members of the

Voluntary A id

Detachments

were leaving them for farm

work, and in the batch of women carpenters who have just gone

France

were

three

London

V .A .D .

There are 80,000 women on the register at

members. Devonshire

House, and it is felt that if they were brought under the National Service scheme,

many of the part-time women

would find it possible to become ‘ whole-timers.’ ”

decide if they can more usefully serve their country in an industrial capacity than in the V . A . D . ’s, and it is urgent that he should give an early

pronouncement

upon

the

subject. It must be remembered that the work of the M e n ’s Detachment during the present war has been :—

Honorary Secretaries of Centres who have not already forwarded an account of the year’s work are reminded that material

for

inclusion

the

An nual

Report

the

Am bulan ce Committee must be sent to the C h i e f Secretary S.J.A.A., at once.

— F I R S T

146

3fhe Grand 3*riorg of the Grder of the J io sp ita l 0 } S t . J o h n of Jeru salem in S n g la n d . AMBULANCE

DEPARTMENT.

JJhe S t . J o h n .A m bulance S r ig a d e . No. 1 District.

D ISTR ICT

ORDERS.

D e pu ty C omm issioner : W.

W IN NY. M A R C H , 191 7Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Sunday, 4th.— No. 13 Division, G.N.Ry., King’s Cross. „ n t h . — No. 15 „ East Ham. „ 18th.— No. 16 „ L B.S.C.Ry., New Cross. 25th.— No. 17 „ Merton and Wimbledon. 2.30 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. AMBULANCE

Key bom St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m.

WORK IN M U N I T I O N FACTO RIES.

The following instructions have been issued by the Chief Commissioner (Sir James Clark): The question ot the irregular employment of members of the Brigade in Munition Factories for Ambulance purposes, without the knowledge of the Deputy Commissioner of the District, has arisen. . . Munition and other Factories requiring members of the Brigade for Ambulance purposes should apply to the Deputy Commissioner of the District in which the Factory is situated for such help. Members of the Brigade otherwise employed by them will not be recognised as doing Brigade duty, and will not be entitled to wear their Brigade Uniform. D IV ISIO N A L

R E -E X A M IN A T IO N .

Where arrangements have not already been made for the Annual Divisional Re-Examination, Officers and M/C of Divi sions should apply to the District Surgeon at St. John’s Gate for an Examiner to be appointed to conduct the re-examinatl0n A choice of at least two suitable dates should be given, and the time of place of meeting named. If the examination is desired also to count towards Medal lion Label, etc., application should be made to the Chief Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association, in accord ance with Brigade General Regulations, page 12, paragraph 34, giving the name and address of the Examiner appointed by the District Surgeon, E X PLO SIO N

M U N ITIO N S

FACTORY.

Although the Deputy Commissioner regrets that, through no fault of the Ambulance Divisions or those in charge of St. John’s Gate, the fullest opportunity was not given to members of the Brigade to proceed to the scene of the explosion on Friday, January 19th, he wishes to express sincere appreciation of and gratitude for, the arduous and splendid services ren dered by many members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade on that occasion. (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y ,

AI D

—

February, 1917.

of the St. John Ambulance Association, conducted by Sergeant C. Hanmer, of Rotherham, is being held at the Conference Hall, West Ham-lane, Stratford, E., on Thursday, March ist, at 8 p.m. Chair to be taken at 7.45 by Supt, J. J. Olley. This lecture will doubtless interest many members of the Brigade and Association in the East of London, and tickets, price 6d. and is. each, may be obtained from— Supt. J. T. Olley, 24, Chelmsford-road, Leytonstone ; Sergt. Barker, 30, Aldworth-road, Stratford ; Pte. Breary, 395, High-road, Leyton ; Corpl. Haines, 32, St. John’s-road, East Ham ; Pte. Meader, 63, Marlborough-road, Forest Gate, or any member of the division. T h e G r e a t E x p l o s i o n .— O n Friday, January 19th, in the early hours of the evening, all London was startled by a loud roar, the sounds of which reached far beyond the confines of the metropolis. The cause was an explosion in a munition factory in the East End of London. Although the air raid parties formed by the St. John Ambulance Brigade to deal with casualties in the event of a Zeppelin air raid on London (through no fault of the Brigade organisation) received no special summons, except in one or two cases several hours later, much good work was done, both by nursing sisters and men of the Brigade, who hurried to the spot from neighbouring districts. It will be very difficult to form an estimate of even the number of cases treated by the voluntary workers. At one ambulance station, which had been organised some months before in the event of Zepplin raids, some 150 cases were treated on the Friday evening by the surgeon, the Lady Superintendent and members of the Beckton Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, assisted by some men belonging to other divisions. Individual men were working to rescue patients in other portions of the large area affected by the explosion, and in spite of the difficulties of working at night, much good work was done in rescuing men, women and children, who, unfortunately, in some cases were in a dying condition. Transport provided by various agencies was utilised without pause being made to ascertain by whom it was fur nished. The consequence was that the hospitals at that end of London were quickly crowded with patients, and some of the Brigade men were very busily engaged in assist ing to dress injuries, working far into the night, and attending at the hospital for some hours on the two follow ing days. Other ambulance workers flocked to the scene of the explosion on the Saturday and Sunday and succeeding days, and assisted in removing bodies from the ruins, in the hope (nearly always in vain) that some persons might be found alive. For a fortnight after the explosion the tent belonging to the Beckton Division was maintained at the scene of the disaster, many accidents which occurred to the military and others overhauling the ruins being treated.

No. 4 District.

H a m p s t e a d (No. 20 D i v i s i o n ).— O n Tuesday evening ebruary 27th, Sergt. C. Hanmer, of Rotherham, will deliver is Limelight Lantern Lecture on First Aid in the Hamp-ead Town Hall. Applications for tickets (prices 6d., is. nd 2s. 6d.) should be made to the Divisional Headquarters, , Well-road, Hampstead.

S t a l y b r i d g e AND D u k i n f i e l d .— W ithin a fortnight after the declaration of war Mr. C. W. Tapson, the superin tendent of the Division, and eleven other members, went up to the Netley Naval Hospital and were immediately drafted to France for service in the first Expeditionary Force. They were sent up to the firing line, and have been there ever since, with the exception of short periods of leave. They have worked assiduously in rendering first aid to the wounded, and they have been fortunately free from serious casualties, only one being injured whilst attending to a wounded soldier. It is pleasing to learn that the services of Supt. Tapson have been recognised by the Military Authorities. He has had conferred upon him the rank of Sergeant-Major in the R.A.M.C., and rewarded with the D.C.M. He is the second member of the Division to receive recognition for gallantry.

L e y t o n a n d L e y t o n s t o n e (N o. 4) D i v i s i o n .— A First .id lecture and life saving demonstration, illustrated by over 00 limelight lantern slides, and covering the official text book

Company Sergt.-Major Arthur Bonsall, Cheshire Regiment, has been awarded the Military Cross. He assumed command

D e p u t y - C o m m is s io n e r .

Headquarters

St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

February, 1917

— F I R S T

o f a n d le d h i s C o m p a n y w it h g r e a t c o u r a g e a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n , c a p t u r in g m a n y prison ers. P r i o r to t h e w a r S e r g e a n t - M a j o r B o n sa ll w as a m e m b e r o f the B r e d b u r y a n d R o m ile y D iv isio n , N o . 4 D istrict.

L v i e r p o o l . — O n S a t u r d a y , D e c e m b e r 1 6th , t h e m e m b e r s o f th e C o r p s e n te r ta in e d the ch ild re n o f their c o lle a g u e s n ow s e r v in g w ith H .M . F o rc e s . A la r g e n u m b e r a tt e n d e d a n d the c h i l d r e n t h o r o u g h l y e n j o y e d t h e g o o d t h i n g s p r o v i d e d , th is w a s a lso the o c c a sio n o f a “ P u n c h a n d J u d y ” show. D u r i n g the c o u rse o f th e e v e n in g M r. F r a n k T o b i n (c h a ir m a n o f the L iv e rp o o l C e n tr e S .J .A .A .) p r es en te d the L a d y S u p erin tend en ts and C o m m a n d a n ts o f the N u rsin g D ivision s a n d V . A . D ’s a h a n d s o m e s i l v e r s a l v e r fo r a n n u a l c o m p e t i t i o n in first a i d w o r k in o r d e r to p r o m o t e e f f i c i e n c y .

No. 5 District. B r a d f o r d ,— T h e first i n s p e c t i o n b y A s s i s t a n t Com m i s s i o n e r C h a r l e s w o r t h o f t h e I o n a N u r s i n g D i v i s i o n w a s h e ld a t t h e i r H e a d q u a r t e r s , C h r i s t C h u r c h S c h o o l , o n J a n u a r y 9th. D u r i n g t h e e v e n i n g t h e C o m m i s s i o n s w e r e h a n d e d to D rs. A. E . T u n s ta ll a n d M a c llr a it h , S u r g e o n s o f the D iv isio n , M in n ie Su tcliffe ( L a d y S u p e rin te n d e n t), M a r t h a N ic h o ls o n , M a r y L. C o a t e s a n d L u c y S p e n c e (O fficers) b y M rs. H ic k so n . A s s is ta n t C o m m issio n e r C h a rle sw o rth g a v e the m em b ers a v e r y e n c o u r a g i n g a d d r e s s t e l l i n g t h e m to “ s t i c k ” t o t h e i r w ork a n d persevere.

N o t t i n g h a m .— A t the C o r p s ’ O fficers m o n th ly m eetin g h e l d o n F e b r u a r y 5th, C o u n c i l l o r G i b s o n , C o r p s S u p t ., w a s a b l e to g i v e a m o s t s a t i s f a c t o r y a c c o u n t o f t h e m o n t h ’s w o r k . T h e r e a r e n o w 10 B r i g a d e a n d 5 N u r s i n g D i v i s i o n s w it h 801 m e m b e r s , a n d t h e D i v i s i o n a l f u n d s a m o u n t to ,£324. The “ C e n t r a l” B rig a d e and “ C e n t r a l ” N u r sin g D ivisio n s h ave been sa n c tio n ed d urin g the m onth. A ye ar a g o there w as but o n e B r i g a d e V . A . D . , w h e r e a s n o w t h e r e a r e fiv e B r i g a d e V . A . D . s a n d fiv e N u r s i n g V . A . D ’s. T h e C a r l t o n R e e d a n d B r a s s b a n d n u m b e r i n g 23 m e m b e r s h a s j o i n e d t h e C o r p s , a n d w il l b e k n o w n a s t h e “ C o r p s B a n d D ivision .” T h e m e m b e r s w ill q u a l i f y a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e , a n d w il l w e a r t h e u n i f o r m o f t h e B r i g a d e . T h e p o ssession o f a b a n d w il l b e a g r e a t a c q u i s i t i o n to t h e C o r p s . V e r y e f f ic ie n t s e r v i c e s w e r e r e n d e r e d b y m e m b e r s o f t h e C o r p s to s u f f e r e r s f r o m a v e r y s e r i o u s t r a m a c c i d e n t in w h i c h a l a r g e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e w e r e i n ju r e d , e s p e c i a l l y n o t e w o r t h y b ein g the services o f L a d y C o rp s Supt. L itch field a n d C o rp o ra l W r ig h t o f the C i ty D iv isio n . T h e Corporation T r a m s ’ C o m m ittee h as v o t e d ten g u in e a s to the C o r p s t o w a r d s th e p u rc h a s e o f e i g h t e e n b o x e s c o n t a i n i n g fir st a i d a p p l i a n c e s , w h i c h w ill b e h u n g u p in v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e c it y . T h e n u m b e r o f tram a c c i d e n t s p r o v e d t h e u r g e n t n e e d fo r s o m e p r o v i s i o n o f t h e k in d . T h e v a lu e o f the w o rk o f the C o r p s h a s further b een o f f i c i a l l y r e c o g n i s e d b y t h e r e m i s s i o n o f h a l f - f a r e s to all m e m b e r s t r a v e l l i n g b y t r a m in u n ifo r m . A s p e c i a l t r a i l e r is t o b e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e S p e c i a l C o n s t a b l e s o f N o t t i n g h a m fo r t h e u s e o f t h e C o r p s . The t r a i l e r w ill b e a t t a c h e d to t h e c a r o f P r i v a t e F l a n d e r s o f t h e C a rrin g to n D ivision . T h e m e m b e r s o f th e C o r p s a re o n r e g u la r d u t y a t the M a p p e r l e y A u x i l i a r y H o s p i t a l w h e r e m o s t u s e fu l w o r k h a s b e e n done. T h e m e m b e r s a l s o m e e t a ll t h e n i g h t t r a i n s a n d l o o k a f t e r t h e c o m f o r t a n d w e l f a r e o f s o l d i e r s in a n e x c e l l e n t Y . M . C . A . h u t s e t a p a r t fo r t h e p u r p o s e . A n act o f sp len d id g a lla n tr y a nd heroism h as been p e r fo rm ed b y P r iv a te L o d g e , o f the B e e sto n D iv isio n , d e s e r v in g o f pu b lic recogn ition . A t a r e c e n t fire a t a N o r t h M i d l a n d shell-filling fa c to ry an e n g in e e r laid insensible, o v e r p o w e r e d b y t h e s m o k e , c l o s e t o a n a d j a c e n t b u i l d i n g w h e r e 7,000 l o a d e d shells w ere stored. R e g a r d le s s o f the terrible d an ger, P riv a te L o d g e r u s h e d in a n d a f t e r p u t t i n g t h e fi re o u t r e s c u e d t h e e n g i n e e r a n d r e s t o r e d h i m to c o n s c i o u s n e s s . T h e C o r p s S u p e r i n t e n d e n t is a p p e a l i n g s t r o n g l y f o r s u i t a b l e q u a r t e r s in t h e c e n t r e o f t h e c i t y to b e a r e c e i v i n g p l a c e

A I D . —

i 47

for a p p lia n c e s for w o u n d e d so ld ie rs, a n d w h ic h w o u ld a lso fo r m a h e a d q u a r t e r s o f f i c e f o r g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s a n d o f f i c e r s m eetin gs. T h e R e v . V . T . M a c y , o f S t . C y p r i a n ’s, N o t t i n g h a m , h a s b een a p p o in te d C h a p la in to th e C o r p s . A s a p r i v a t e in t h e C a r r i n g t o n D i v i s i o n t h e re v . g e n t l e m a n h a s d o n e y e o m a n s e r v i c e d u r i n g t h e p a s t t w o y e a r s , t u r n i n g o u t in a ll w e a t h e r s n ig h t a n d d a y at the ca ll o f duty.

No. 6 District. E l s w i c k . — In c o n n e c tio n w ith th e A r m s t r o n g , W h i t w o r t h C o rp s, a co n ce rt at w h ich the p resen ta tion o f the A r m s t r o n g W h i t w o r t h s i l v e r c u p a n d g o l d m e d a l s w a s m a d e , w a s h e l d in the E l s w i c k W o r k s Institu te. T h e r e w as a la rg e aud ien ce, a n d M r. F. M . H o lm e s p resided . T h e m u sic a l pa rt o f the p r o g ra m m e w as carried out b y the E ls w ic k W o r k s C .S .O . M ale V o ic e C hoir, M r. A . C a m p b e ll co n d uctin g. M r. J a c k G o r in g a n d M r. A lfre d S y d n e y a lso co n trib u ted . M rs. B r a c k e n b u r y p r es en te d the c u p a n d m e d a ls to the w in n in g te a m , Pte. D u n c a n , C o rp l. W o o d , Pte. S m i t h , P te . C o a te s , Pte. G r a h a m , m e m b e r s o f the N o r t h D iv isio n . P t e . D u n c a n ( c a p t a i n ) , o n b e h a l f o f t h e t e a m , h a n d e d to C o rp s S e c re tar y M r. T . T . W e a rm o u th , a silver-m ou n ted e b o n y w a lk in g -s tic k , as an a p p r e c ia t io n o f t h e in te re st h e h a s ta k e n in t h e t e a m . A m o n g s t th o se presen t w ere M r. B r a c k e n b u r y , M r. S to k e r , D r . B rand, D r. Pallett, C o r p s O fficer A . B a ssfo rd , A m b u l a n c e O fficers C o llin s a n d M c N a u g h t . N u rsin g-S iste r A llin son w as resp onsible for the refresh m ents.

S ir T h o m a s O liv er a tte n d ed at the C a m b r id g e H a ll, N e w . ca stle q u ite r e c e n tly for th e p u rp o se o f p r e s e n t in g c lo s e u p o n fif ty c e r t i f i c a t e s , m e d a l l i o n s a n d l a b e l s t o s u c c e s s f u l students. H e c o n g ra tu la te d the recipients, a nd a lso D r . W m . S. F r a s e r o n t h e v e r y s u c c e s s f u l r e s u l t o f h i s s t u d e n t s ’ e x a m i n ation. It w as p le a s in g to k n o w th a t D r . F r a s e r h a d s o m e t h i n g l i k e 3,000 s t u d e n t s u n d e r h i s i n s t r u c t i o n . N o t o n ly w as t h e S t . J o h n A m b u l a n c e A s s o c i a t i o n g r a t e f u l to h i m b u t a l s o th e p e o p le o f the district. H e h a d v e r y g r e a t p l e a s u r e in p r e s e n t i n g t h e s u p e r c e r t i f i c a t e to W i l l i a m C h r i s t o p h e r H o l t . T h a t w a s t b e fir st t i m e s u c h a c e r t i f i c a t e h a d b e e n g i v e n in N e w c a s t l e , a n d it w a s o n ly g iv e n after a v e r y s e a r c h i n g e x a m in a tio n . It e n a b le d the h o l d e r to b e c o m e a d e m o n s t r a t o r . It w a s a l s o a p l e a s a n t t h i n g f o r N e w c a s t l e t o fin d i t s e l f 5th o n t h e li st o f 160 c e n t r e s , a n d th is n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e f a c t that N e w c a stle w as a co m p a ra tiv e ly m odern centre, not h a v i n g b e e n f o u n d e d u n ti l 1 9 1 0 w h i l e o t h e r c e n t r e s h a d b e e n f o u n d e d in 187 8. T h e m em b e rs o f the A ss o cia tio n w ere d o in g very v alu a b le work. T h is had b een sh ow n d urin g recent Z ep p elin raids at vario u s parts o f th e co u n try , w h en m e m b e rs n o t o n l y r e n d e r e d fir st a i d t o t h e in j u r e d , b u t b y t h e i r c o o l n e s s a n d m a n n e r i n s p i r e d c o n f i d e n c e in t h o s e a r o u n d . T h e B r i g a d e a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e n u m b e r e d 58,000 m e n — a n a r m y in i t s e l f — a n d t h o s e h a d a ll b e e n g o t t o g e t h e r b y v o l u n t a r y e ffo r t , a t n o c o s t at a ll to t h e G o v e r n m e n t s o f a r a s the supervision o f the w o rk w as co n ce rn e d . T h a t w ork, o f c o u r s e , w a s m o s t l y c o n c e r n e d w it h t h e t r a n s p o r t o f t h e w o u n d e d , the m en a c tin g as ord erlies a n d the w o m e n a s nurses. He h a d p a id s e v e r a l v isits to th e lo c a l St. J o h n a n d V . A . D . h ospita ls a n d h a d b een m uch stru c k w ith the a d m ir a b le m a n n e r in w h i c h t h e w o r k w a s c a r r i e d o n . W o m e n renounced th e c o m fo rts a n d the p le a su re s o f h o m e to u n d e r t a k e this w ork.

No. 12 (Irish) District. H o s p i t a l S h i p s .— T w o h o s p i t a l s h i p s , t h e “ W a r i l l a ” a n d t h e “ E s s e q u i b o , ” a r r i v e d in D u b l i n , a n d w e r e s a t i s f a c torily a n d p ro m p ly u n lo ad ed b y V . A . D . m en , u n d e r the c o m m a n d o f t h e D i r e c t o r in C h i e f , D r . L u m s d e n , S u r g e o n G e n e r a l . S ir R ic h a r d F o r d a n d S ir H e n r y B la k e in sp e c te d the u n lo a d in g of the “ W a r illa ,” a n d both e x p r e s s e d t h e m s e lv e s a s e x t r e m e l y p l e a s e d w it h t h e c l o c k - l i k e p r o m p t i t u d e , g e n t l e n e s s a n d effic ien cy w ith w h ic h th e w o u n d e d so ld iers w ere h a n d le d

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148

a se n tim en t w h ic h w a s w a r m ly a p p ro v e d b y m a n y o f the w o u n d e d w h o h a p p e n e d to b e p r e s e n t . T h e fo llo w in g letter w a s su b s e q u e n tly re ce iv ed b y D r. L u m s d e n from S ir H e n r y B l a k e :— K ild a re S treet C lu b , D ublin. J a n u a ry 21st, 1917. D e a r D r . L u m s d e n ,— A l l o w m e t o c o n g r a t u l a t e y o u an d the m e m b e rs o f the B r ig a d e an d R e d C r o ss e n g a g e d in t h e r e m o v a l o f o v e r fiv e h u n d r e d s i c k a n d w o u n d e d m en from th e h o sp ita l s h ip “ W a r i l l a ” this m o rn in g , w hen I h a d the p leasure o f in sp ectin g the m em b e rs present a nd se e in g their w ork. T h e p erfect d iscip lin e , a b so lu te qu iet a n d clo ck -lik e r e g u la rity w ith w h ic h the re m o v a l from the sh ip to train a n d a m b u la n c e w a s a c c o m p lis h e d reflects the g re a te st cred it upon the m em b ers en g ag ed . R e m e m b e rin g that the n e a r e s t h o s p i t a l fo r t h e a m b u la n c e w a s tw o -a n d - a -h a lf m iles from th e ship, the c le a rin g o f th e vessel at the ra te o f one m an per m inute w as a trium ph o f o rg an isa tion o f w hich the D u blin D iv is io n o f th e St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e B r ig a d e a nd the R e d C r o s s m a y w ell b e p roud . N o t h i n g w a s le ft u n d o n e b y t h e l a d i e s o f t h e V . A . D . w h o w e r e in a t t e n d a n c e in s e e i n g a f t e r t h e c o m f o r t s o f t h e m e n in t h e i r c h a r g e . I t w i l l g i v e m e g r e a t p l e a s u r e to r e p o r t w h a t 1 h a v e se e n to th e C o u n c il o f the O r d e r o f St. J o h n o f Jeru sa le m . — B e lie v e m e, sin cerely yours, (S ig n e d )

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K n ig h t o f Justice. H o l d e n S t o d a r t M e m o r i a l .— A s u b s c r i p t i o n list h a s b e e n o p e n e d b y th e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r o f th e Irish D i s t r i c t o f t h e S t . J o h n A m b u l a n c e B r i g a d e fo r t h e e n d o w m e n t o f b e d s in t h e D u k e o f C o n n a u g h t ’s A u x i l i a r y H o s p i t a l f o r l i m b le ss sa ilo rs a n d so ld iers, as a m e m o ria l to the late C o r p s S u p e r in te n d e n t H o ld e n S to d a rt, w h o w as k ille d w h ile on d u ty d u r in g t h e S i n n F e i n R i s i n g o n t h e 2 5 t h A p r i l , 1 9 1 6 . It is t h e u n i v e r s a l w i s h o f t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e B r i g a d e , in w h i c h M r . S t o d a r t w a s so a c ti v e ly in te re ste d for a n u m b e r o f y e a rs, that a m e m o r i a l o f s o m e k i n d s h o u l d b e e s t a b l i s h e d , a n d it is felt th a t the m o n e y c o lle c te d co u ld n ot b e a llo c a te d to a m o re d e s e r v in g or w o rth y object. F i f t y p o u n d s w il l e n d o w a b e d . A s u b s t a n t i a l s u m h a s a l r e a d y b e e n c o l l e c t e d , fu ll p a r t i c u l a r s o f w h i c h w ill b e p u b l i s h e d in o u r n e x t is s u e . I t is h o p e d to b e a b l e to a r r a n g e f o r t h e e n d o w m e n t o f a w a r d t o b e c a l l e d t h e “ H o ld e n S tod art M em o ria l W a r d .”

I t is w i t h p a r t i c u l a r p l e a s u r e w e h a v e to a n n o u n c e t h a t C a p ta in W . C. S teven son , M .D ., H on . S e cre tary o f the D u b lin C e n t r e o f th e St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e A s s o c ia t io n h a s b e e n h o n o u red b y the O r d e r o f the H o sp ita l o f S t .J o h n o f J eru salem in E n g l a n d b y a p p o i n t m e n t a s a n H o n o r a r y A s s o c i a t e . C a p t a i n S t e v e n s o n ’s w o r k in t h e A m b u l a n c e c a u s e h a s b e e n w e l l k n o w n fo r a n u m b e r o f y e a r s . In the e a r ly d a y s o f the W a r h e did an e n o r m o u s a m o u n t o f w o r k in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e e d u c a t i o n a l s id e o f th e St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e m o v e m e n t , g e t t in g u p cla s s e s a n d a r r a n g i n g fo r t h e e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e v e r y n u m e r o u s c a n d i dates. T h a t t h is w o r k w a s o f a n e x c e p t i o n a l l y h e a v y n a t u r e is sh o w n b y th e fa c t th a t the retu rn s o f c ertifica tes a n d m ed a llio n s o b t a i n e d in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e D u b l i n C e n t r e s t a n d s fir st in t h e lis t in t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m . O n ly those w h o k n o w so m e t h in g a b o u t th e in n er w o r k in g o f the St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e O rg a n isatio n can p rop erly u n derstan d w h at an am ou n t o f la b o u r this h a s en tailed. D r . S t e v e n s o n h a s a l s o m a t e r i a l l y a s s i s t e d t h e I r is h D i s t r i c t o f t h e S t . J o h n A m b u l a n c e B r i g a d e a n d is a n e x t r e m e l y p o p u l a r m e m b e r o f t h e D i s t r i c t S t a f f. I t is st ill m o r e p r a i s e w o r t h y t h a t h e h a s b e e n a b l e t o a c c o m p l i s h a ll t h is w o r k in a d d i t i o n to h i s m i l i t a r y d u t i e s a t t h e R o y a l I n f i r m a r y , a n d at S t e e v e n ’s a n d t h e O r t h o p a e d i c H o s p i t a l s , to w h i c h I n s t i t u t i o n s h e is a t t a c h e d a s V i s i t i n g S u r g e o n . A d d e d to a ll t h i s s e r v i c e since w ar started he h a s carried out a con sid erab le a m ou n t o f o r i g i n a l w o r k in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f R a d i u m a s a t h e r a p e u t i c a g e n t in t h e t r e a t m e n t o f c a n c e r a n d o t h e r grow ths. In fact, h e m a y b e r e g a r d e d a s th e le a d in g o pin io n in t h i s c o u n t r y o n t h e s u b j e c t o f R a d i u m in i t s a p p l i c a t i o n to d ise a se d cond itions.

AID. —

D eath

February, 1917.

C ol.

H en dley.

is with deep regret that we have to announce the death of Col. Hendley, who died at his residence in London, after a long illness, on February 2nd. H e was born on April 2 ist, 1847, and educated at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, where he was junior scholar in anatomy and physiology and senior scholar in medicine, surgery and midwifery. H e took the diplomas of L .R .C .P ., M .R .C .S . and L .S.A . in 1869. Entering the I.M .S . as assistant surgeon on October ist, 1869, he became surgeon on July ist, 1873, surgeon-major on October ist, 1881, brigade-surgeon lieutenant-colonel on April ist, 1894, and colonel on April ist, 1898, retiring on April ist, 1903. H e spent the greater part of his service— from 1873 to J^97— as Residency Surgeon of Jeypore, for the last three years of that period being also Administrative Medical Officer of the Rajputana States. In 1897 he was appointed to act as Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals in the North-West Provinces, and on April ist, 1898, was appointed to the same post in Bengal, which he held until he retired in 1903. H e received the C .I.B . on January ist, 1891, and the Volunteer Officers’ Decoration on June 18th, 1896. Col. Hendley worked assiduously in the interests of of the S.J .A.A . in India for many years, and he contributed to this Journal quite recently “ Reminiscences of Early Am bulance Work in India.” H e was a Knight of Grace of the Order. It

Scotts, L td. the current issue of F i r s t A i d Messrs. Scotts, Ltd., of 1, O ld Bond-street and Piccadilly, London, W., are announcing their supply of new nurses’ hats, &c., in con nection with the R ed Cross Society, St. John Ambulance Brigade, the Territorial Service and the Canadian Nursing 8isters, also many other nursing associations, &c. This is innovated in a splendidly compiled little brochure, full of illustrations which needs no efforts to eulogise, and which will be sent to all on application. Messrs. Scotts contend they have every reason to feel that their efforts to supply good articles at a very moderate price have met with unbounded success. T h e very great difficulties which to-day confront every manufacturing house make is necessary to keep well ahead o f the different seasons. Their spring goods are well in hand, and samples of all may be seen at their showrooms. B y the way, it is remarked that orders for spring hats should be placed without delay. T h e hat bands for the R ed Cross Society and St. John Am bulance are made up, either for members or officers, at is. 6d. each. Messrs. Scotts, Ltd., contend that it is not possible in the ordinary way to produce these hats at such a low price, but they are doing it to help the various societies, hence the reason they have been obliged to charge 6d. towards box and postage. A notable feature in the catalogue obtains in the fact that any of the articles illustrated therein will be sent to the Expeditionary Force Hospitals, packed in wood box, 2s. post free on remittance, which must accompany all orders. In

“ THE FOOD - BEVERAGE

O F T H E P E O P L E .”

V i - C o c o a — d elic io u s, sustainm g , in v ig o r ^

at,ng 6d. 9 d i

& l / 6 l/ / T f lO J VCVQ

m JjJ

Q’

W atftfd

February, 1 9 i 7-

— FIR ST

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ST.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

149

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. Sir W illia m

Hoy.

i l l i a m H o y , whose portrait appears on this page, has taken a keen interest in ambulance work since he went out to South Africa many years ago. Mr. H o y (as he then was) was Secretary of the Association for Cape C olony in 1890, and for the Transvaal, then a Republic, during the years 1892-3-4. T h e exigencies of the railway service in which he was engaged rendered active participation in the work

S ir W

S ir

W illiam

H oy.

of the Association impossible during the succeeding years, but from 1916 onwards he has, by his valuable assistance, contributed largely to the success which has attended the formation of the local Divisions of the Brigade Overseas, in which he has held the post of District Superintendent since their formation. It is well known that Sir William Hoy, supported by Sir Thom as Price, has lost no opportunity of advocating the importance of the work of the Association and Brigade throughout the State Railways, of which he was the head.

With regard to Miss Bowser’s account of the early days of the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade, which appeared in our December issue, a correspondent points out that the Children’s H o m e (No. 1) Nursing Division was formed on December 2nd, 1890.

G en eral L e tte r of th e Jo in t V .A .D . C o m m it t e e to C o u n ty D irectors. I a m requested by the Chairman of the Central Joint V .A .D . Committee to send you the following information : I am to bring before your notice the necessity of your drawing the attention of your Com m andants to the care that must be taken in admitting new members to a Detachment. It is absolutely essential that Commandants should take up the references of those whose admission to a D etachm ent is contemplated, and, in the event of any doubt as to their character, conduct or origin, should forward all particulars to their County Director, who, in his turn, will write to the Secretary of the Central Joint V .A .D . Com m ittee for the information of the War Office. It is the wish of the War Office that in the future no person, male or female, be admitted as a member of a Detachm ent whose antecedents, as disclosed on their application form or in the replies furnished by the referees, show any trace of enemy origin, connection or association. County Directors are asked to forward to H e a d quarters, the names of any V . A . D ’s in their county, who have died on account of illness contracted in Auxiliary Hospitals. I am asked by the C h ie f Secretary, St. John A m b u lance Association, to request C oun ty Directors to inform their Commandants that my General Letter will be pub lished every month in F i r s t A i d a n d t h e S t . J o h n A m b u la n ce G azette. T h e subscription is 2s. 6d. a year, and orders for the same should be sent to the publishers, Messrs. Dale, Reynolds & C o , Ltd., 46, Cannonstreet, London, E.C. Particulars regarding the War Service Bar are given below : Mr. J. Mackay Wilson, of Currygrane, Edgworthstown, has been appointed C oun ty Director for co. Longford, S. Ireland. T h e following are inserted at the request of Mrs. Furse, Chairman o f the Joint W o m e n ’s V .A .D . Committee, C o m mandant-in-Chief W om en ’s Voluntary A id Detachments :— T h e next course of X -R a y work, arranged by the V .A .D . Department, Devonshire House, will be given at the London University College, Gower-street, and will start at the end of February. T h e syllabus will be the same as that of the previous course. County Directors are asked to send in the names of candidates as soon as possible to the Secretary, Miss Sybil Clark, 5, Zetland House, Cheniston-gardens, Kensington. Regarding applications for V .A .D . members for work in Auxiliary Hospitals :— (a) A ll applications for members for Auxiliary Hospitals in the Counties must be made to D e v o n shire H ou se through the County Directors. (i) Forms of application (JW.8) will be sent to County Directors for the above purpose. (c) Matrons or Commandants should be asked by C oun ty Directors to give full details on the form of

— FIR ST

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ST.

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application, such as— Class of member required ; ex perience re q u ir e d ; a g e ; date on which members are required. (d) A t least one week’s notice must be given. (e) Members can ctnly be posted from D evon shire H ou se on the terms mentioned in the attached agreement. ( / ) A n y membe s required for less than three months must be supplied by the County Director. (g ) It is quite possible that the V .A .D . Depart ment may have to bring members from Ireland, or other places far off, so that the hospitals must be pre pared to pay their expenses from a distance. (Signed) L o u i s P e a r s o n , Secretary. M ilita r y

H o spita ls.

1.— T h e War Service Bar is given to V .A .D . members who have served for thirteen consecutive months in a military hospital, and who are recommended by their Matron. Recomm endations will be forwarded by the Matron direct to Devonshire House. A postal order to cover the cost of the Bars should accompany each appli cation. A certificate stating that the member is entitled to wear the Bar will be returned to each applicant who is eligible, and should be carried on the person. (See page 7.) A u x il ia r y ,

W ar,

S ta tio n s, or

V .A .D . other

H o spita ls,

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

both periods may count towards the thirteen months service, provided the transfer has been with the consent of the War Office, the Joint W om en ’s V .A .D . Committee or the sanction of the Authority by whom the member was posted, and the service is recommended by both Matrons, or both Officers, under whom they have served. 8.— T h e decision as to who is the proper Officer to sign the certificates, rests entirely with the County Director. Sc o tla n d .

9.— For B .R .C .S . members all information can be obtained from the B .R .C .S . Headquarters, 137, Sauchiehallstreet, Glasgow. Ireland.

10.— Applications for the War Service Bar should be made through the Joint Selection Boards. In the case of members from the South of Ireland, at 51, Dawson-street. Dublin, and in the case of members from the North, at 23, Scottish Tem perance Buildings, Donegal-square, South Belfast. T h e Certificates must be countersigned by Dr. Lumsden or his representative for the South, and by Mr. D. J. Towers Pain or his representative for the North. N .B .— T hese regulations do not apply to Military Hospitals. F o r eig n

R est

U n it s.

2.— T h e War Service Bar is given to V . A D. members, men and women, who have served the equivalent of thir teen months for the first year, and twelve months for sub sequent years, in an Auxiliary, War or V .A .D . Hospital, Rest Station or other Unit, under the Territorral Force Association, the British R ed Cross Society or the Order of St. John. Women must be recommended by the Matron or Sister-in-Charge of the hospital, or Woman Officer-inCharge of the Unit where they are serving. Men must be recommended by the Officer-in-Charge under whom they are serving. In all cases the application must be countersigned by the County Director. 3.— County Directors will be supplied with certificate forms for the War Service Bar, J .V jA .D . 80, on application to the headquarters of the Central Joint V .A .D . Committee, 83, Pall Mall. 4.— J .V .A .D . 80, when duly filled in, should be sent in duplicate to Devonshire H ou se in the case of women members of all detachments, and in the case of men, to 9, Victcria-street, for members of T .F . A . or B .R .C .S . detach ments, and to the Secretary, St. John V . A . D . ’s., St. John’s Gate, for members of St. John detachments. One copy of the Form will be returned to the member with the Bars. 5.— T h e War Service Bar for women is white, and should be worn on both sleeves four inches below the shoulder, on indoor and outdoor uniform. T h e War Service Bar for men is red, and should be worn four inches from the bottom of the cuff on the left sleeve. 6.— In order to qualify for the War Service Bar, mem bers should serve a minimum of 48 hours per week (full time), or 24 hours per week (half time). This service need not necessarily be rendered regularly, but the bar will not be given until a member has served an aggregate of 2,688 hours for the first year and 2,496 for the second year. A n additional bar will be given for each year’s servic e; all years subsequent to the first to be of twelve months. 7.— In cases of transfer from one Hospital to another,

February, 1917.

Se r v ice.

1 1 .— T h e Principal Commandant, or such other Officer as may be appointed by the Commissioner, shall countersign the Certificates of recommendation. 12.— T h e Bars will be supplied from Devonshire House in quantities of not less than one dozen, at the cost of is. 2d. including postage. M oney in payment must accompany all applications. 13.— Unless the above instructions are followed care fully, applications will not be dealt with. 14.— Any V .A .D , member found wearing the Service Bar without permission of the County Director will be severely dealt with.

O p en in g Supply

H a lk yn House, Square.

D epot

for

the

B r ig a d e

St . John

B elgrave

A mbulance

H o spita l.

O n the afternoon of Wednesday, 24th January, His Royal

Highness T h e D uk e of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, opened Halkyn House, lent by Lord Beauchamp, as a supply dep6t for the St. John Am bulance Brigade Hospital at Etaples. On arrival, His Royal Highness was met by Earl Beauchamp, President of the Depot, accompanied by the Earl of Plymouth, Sub Prior of the Order of St. J o h n ; Colonel Sir Herbert Perrott, Bailiff of E g l e ; the Hon. Arthur Stanley, Chairman of the Joint Committee ; and the following Executive Officers of the O r d e r :— T h e Chancellor, Sir Herbert J e k y l l ; the Secretary-General, Mr. Evelyn Cecil, M . P . ; the Receiver-General, Dr. F re sh field ; the Director of the Am bulance Department, T h e Earl of R an furly ; also by Sir James Clark, C h ie f Commissioner of the St. John Am bulance Brigade ; General Dalton, C hief C o m missioner of the Brigade Overseas ; Sir William Bennett, C hief Surgeon of the St. John Am bulance B r ig a d e ; and Mr. W. R. Edwards, Secretary o f the Order. Adeline Duchess of Bedford then presented to His

February, 1917,

— FIR ST

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Royal Highness the Vice-Chairman and Superintendent (Lady Perrott) and members of the Depot Committee. H is Royal Highness then made a tour of the rooms, where a large number of workers, including many members of the Brigade, were making bandages and dressings, and the head workers were presented, including Mrs. Chapman, the matron, who is the Lady Superintendent of the East Croydon and Addiscom be Nursing Division. T h e Reverend Prebendary Boyd then dedicated the building with prayer, after which Lord Beauchamp asked His Royal Higness to declare the Depot open, and in doing this said a few words about the hospital. H e stated that it was the largest voluntary hospital abroad, and that,

X -R

oom

St.

Joh

m bu la n c e

in consequence of the large number of serious cases treated, the need for bandages and dressings was very great. H e added that all the orderlies in the hospital were members of the brigade, and referred to the able adminis tration of Sir James Clark, who had been in command for the first year it was open. His Royal Highness, in declaring the Depdt open, said :— “ It is a great pleasure to me to have been asked to declare this splendid Depot open, and I would like first to thank Lord Beauchamp in the name of the Order for the generous manner in which he has given his house for the Depot, and for the ample accommodation he has pro vided here.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

“ W e are indeed lucky in having the Duchess of B e d ford to take such an interest in the w cik, and I would thank all those ladies who have so warmly supported her. I hope for their increasing interest in the work as more and more workers are wanted, and more subscriptions needed. “ Ladies and gentlemen, it has been my great pleasure to have been round the hospital o f the Order at Etaples. Anyone who has seen this hospital would have been struck by the the magnificent scale on which it has been built and run. It is a model hospital, and I feel certain that no where is there one better equipped. “ VVe have great 'reason [to pride ourselves on the ex

r ig a d e

o sp it a l

r a n c e

cellent management, on the splendid arrangements, and on the devotion of our medical officers, nurses and orderlies, and as head of the Order I wish to convey to the officers, nurses and orderlies our great appreciation o f their devo tion to duty. Many of the ambulance members have joined the Arm y Medical Corps, and have been of great service in filling up that very necessary part of the Army. Many of them have fallen in the execution of their duty, and their names will always be respected. “ I have only recently come back from Canada, and during the time I was there it was my good fortune to be able to promote the interests of the Order, and to extend the knowledge of its work, especially in the ambulance

*52

— FIR ST

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branch. I am happy to think that people were kind enough to support me warmly in the endeavours I made in promoting the interests of our Order, especially as I know how necessary it is to have ambulance classes in every part of Canada, so that the women should have a knowledge of am bulance work. “ Another part of the work which I encouraged was that in connection with the Police, Fire Brigades, T ram ways, and also the Railways, in which I had the cordial support of Lord Shaughnessy, and other heads of the great Canadian Lines. “ I am glad to say that the Order of St. John is keep ing up its old traditions, and is working actively ■ on behalf of the sick and wounded, and I feel sure that it will interest you to know, in view of the numerous articles that have appeared in the Press, that last week the Order made an offer to the War Office to take over the whole of the care of our disabled soldiers so far as the renewal and repair of artificial limbs is concerned, and the offer made last week by the deputation that went frrm the Order to the War Office was warmly received by Sir Alfred Keogh, who expressed his interest and pleasure on the work. This offer was subsequently made to the Admiralty, and I understand the Admiralty was favourably disposed towards it.” His Royal Highness then declared the Depot open. A vote of thanks was then proposed to His Royal Highness by the Earl of Plymouth, seconded by Colonel Sir Herbert Perrott, after which Sir Herbert Jekyll pro posed, and Mr. Evelyn Cecil seconded, a vote of thanks to Adeline Duchess of Bedford and the L adies’ Committee for all the work they had done, both in starting the Depdt, and collecting the necessary funds. T h e ceremony was concluded by a vote of thanks to Lord Beauchamp, proposed by the Earl of Ranfurly and seconded by Sir James Clark. A guard of honour was furnished by members of the Prince of Wales’s Corps.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

February, 1917.

c o u rs e to m a k e a p u b lic a p p e a l, so fa r a s m a y b e n e ce ssa r y , f o r th is i m p o r t a n t w o r k . Y o u r o b edien t servant, E v e ly n C e cil, S ecretary-G en eral, O rd er of St. John. S t . J o h n ’s G a t e , C l e r k e n w e l l , E . C . J a n u a r y 2 5 t h , 1 91 7 .

D e m o n s tr a t o r ’s

C ertificates.

C a n d i d a t e s for Demonstrator’s Certificates are reminded that the next examinations take place during the first week in March as follows :— 3 rd 3rd 3 rd ist ist 5th 3rd 3 rd

London B irm in gh am M anch ester N ew ca stle Leeds C ard iff D u blin B elfast

M arch. M arch. M arch. M arch. M arch. M arch. M arch. M arch.

Examinations will also be held period at B ristol, L iverp o ol,

during

the

same

D o u g l a s (I. o f M a n ) , H ull,

in the event of their being sufficient candidates.

V .A .D . The

N ews.

follow in g notes are k in d ly su pplied a n d edited by V .A .D . H eadquarters D epartm en t op the Join t V .A .D . Committee a n d w ill appear m onthly u nd er the above heading.— E d i t o r .

In this month’s newspaper cuttings we have come across quite a pleasant little chorus of praise of the work of the V .A .D . and V .A .D . hospitals, chief of course being the T h e following is a copy of a letter addressed to the Press report of Sir William Baptie, and his Board of Enquiry. by the Secretary-General, in continuance of the remarks T h ere is also a splendid testimony, with a happily personal made by H is Royal Highness referred to in the preceding note, from Miss H. A. Alsop, the Matron of Kensington article :— Infirmary. Since August, 1914, when this terrible war started, S ir,— I a m a u t h o r is e d b y h is R o y a l H i g h n e s s the upwards of 300 voluntary workers have passed through D u k e o f C o n n a u g h t , a s G r a n d P r i o r o f t h e O r d e r o f St. the wards of this infirmary. From what I have seen J o h n o f J e r u s a l e m in E n g l a n d , t o s a y in a m p l i f i c a t i o n o f his s ta te m e n t y e s te r d a y , at th e o p e n in g o f th e St. J oh n of these ladies, I cannot speak too highly of them. A m b u l a n c e B r i g a d e H o s p i ta l d e p o t a t L o r d B e a u c h a m p ’s Their interested, kindly manner in the wards, their h o u s e , t h a t t h e p r o p o s a l s w i t h r e g a r d to t h e r e p a i r a n d willingness to do the most menial duties, and their re n e w a l o f artificial a p p lia n c e s for w o u n d e d so ld ie rs a n d gratitude for any little help we have been able to give sa ilo rs w h ich the O r d e r o f St. J o h n m a d e last w e e k to the them, are most encouraging. W e read so much— or W a r O ffice, a n d su b s e q u e n tly to the A d m ir a lt y , h a v e the did a little while ago— against the V . A . D . ’s that it is an f o l l o w i n g s p e c i a l o b j e c t s :— agreeable surprise to find them all so exceedingly use (1 .) T o m a in ta in a n d re p a ir artificial lim b s a n d ful. Personally, I have been unable to do much for su rg ical app lian ces. them, but I should like to take this opportunity of (2.) T o r e n d e r t h i s a s s i s t a n c e a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e thanking all the sisters and nurses who have helped a t o r n e a r t h e m e n ’s h o m e s , a n d w h i l e t h e y c o n t i n u e and encouraged them in their very unselfish work. in t h e i r e m p l o y m e n t . Personally, I think they are sp le n d id ; and I do not (3) T o e n s u r e t h a t fu ll u s e is m a d e o f t h e a p p l i think any of us need be jealous of their work. a n ces p ro vid ed at G o v e rn m e n t exp ense, and that no * * m a n r e m a i n s o n c r u t c h e s o r o t h e r w i s e u n fi t fo r e m * p lo y m e n t w h e n an artificial lim b or a p p lia n c e w o u ld e n a b le h im to b e c o m e a useful m e m b e r o f the c o m m unity. T h e proposals w ere fa vo u ra b ly received b y the G o v e r n m e n t D e p a r t m e n t s , a n d a f t e r d e t a i l e d c o n s u l t a t i o n w it h t h e m it is c o n t e m p l a t e d b y t h e O r d e r o f S t . J o h n in d u e

T h e attention of members is directed to the fact that the “ Bar of R e co gn itio n ” is in future to be called the “ War Service Bar,” and that an additional bar of white braid may be worn for each successive year’s service. Application should be made to Devonshire house as here

February, 1917.

— FIR ST

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tofore. A certificate of application is in course of prepara tion, and will be issue'd to County Directors, through whom the application must be made, except in the case of mem bers serving in Military hospitals. * * * It is with deep regret that we have to announce that Miss Florence Denison, a St. John Ambulance member, died at University College Hospital on January 2 ist. She had given a year’s generous service at Tooting Military Hospital, where her loss will be deeply felt. * * During the four weeks ending January 23rd, 456 members have been posted from Devonshire House, allocated as fo llo w s:— In Military Hospitals Wards at home, 29 9; in Auxiliary Hospital Wards at home, 72. Nine nursing and 1 5 non-nursing members have gone to work under the Joint Committee abroad; while as regards General Service members 24 have been posted to Military Hospitals, and 37 to Auxiliary Hospitals at home. T h e total, therefore, now at work is 7 443, made up as follows :— A

om e

:—

s G e n e r a l S e r v i c e ... In A u x ilia r y H o s p ita ls A

broad

ross

2,880* ... 232 ... 252

S t . Jo

h n

o ta l

2,022

...

13 8

133

•••

...

514 87

... ...

1,386 400

...

2,894

...

7,443

4,902 37 o 38 5

:—

In M ilita ry H o sp ita ls U n d e r Join t C o m m it te e

872 313

4 ,5 4 9

Applications for Nursing and General Service, number ing 386, have been received during the four weeks under review. * * * T h e following members of Voluntary A id Detach ments (both British R ed Cross and St. John), together with several other ladies, have recently had the honour of being mentioned in despatches for distinguished service in France, by Sir Douglas Haig, the Field-Marshal C o m mander-in-Chief. A rc h b o ld , M iss M. A tte n b o ro u g h , M iss H . M. B a tey, M tss M . A . ... B eausire, M iss W . A . B oyd , M iss M . E . B u lkeley, M iss W . ... B u n yard , M iss M . E. C l a r k e , M i s s H . B. ... C r o w d y , M i s s I. D a i r s , M i s s J, D ick so n , M iss C. M. E r n e s t , M i s s B.

F letch er, M iss A . M. G ilro y, M iss E . M . H. H ill, M iss N . Inglis, M iss K. Jobson, M iss D . Jones, M rs. G r a h a m K y d d , M iss A . V . R .... L a w le y , M is s M . C. L e a t h a m , M i s s L . P. L e v e so n -G o w er , T h e L a d y R. L i t t l e , M i s s C. Lord, M iss E . W . ... L yell, M iss M. M. ... M o r g a n , M i s s C . G . ...

D u r h a m 36 L o n d o n 128 N o r t h u m b e r l a n d 52 C h e s h i r e 43 N o r t h u m b e r l a n d 52 S h r o p s h i r e 26 K e n t 148 L o n d o n 148 L o n d o n 128 L o n d o n 76 C h e s h i r e 70 N e w Zealan d O neh un ger N ursin g D .W ., A u cklan d . W e s t m o r l a n d 16 S h r o p s h i r e 42 L o n d o n , 1 10 L o n d o n 146 N o r t h u m b e r l a n d 52 L o n d o n 128 W e s t L a n c s . 22 L o n d o n 1 18 W . R ;d i n g Y o r k s . 56 L o n d o n 128 C u m b e r l a n d 14 L o n d o n 88 C h e s h i r e 106 Lo n d o n 114

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE—

M o xey, M rs. F. H . ... P r itc h a r d , M is s E . L. R o b ertso n , M iss K. E . Sw an n , M iss A . Y. T r a n t, M iss H. W a lk e r , M iss L. W a r n e r , M i s s R . C . ... W i l s o n , M i s s D . G . ... B a yn e s, M rs. C. A . D e a s , M i s s A . J. H am ilto n , M iss M . E . H ild yard, M rs. G. D . A . H o lm e s, S ister O. K . H u n ter, S ister L. G. N o r m a n , T h e H o n . L a d y F . P. T h o m p s o n , M i s s D . J. W h e n t, M iss M. W ilco x , M iss A . M. W y n d h a m , T h e H on . M rs. D ia n a.

r 53

Co. D on egal L o n d o n 28 C h e s e i r e 90 B u c k s . 30 Tipperary 2 E. Lancs. H a n t s 30 Co. A rm a g h

T h e G r a n d P rio ry of th e O rd er of th e h o s p ita l of S t. J o h n of J e r u s a le m in E n g l a n d . Chancery o f the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenw ell, London, E .C ., Jan u a ry 30th, 1 9 1 7 . H i s M a j e s t y t h e K i n g h a s b e e n g r a c i o u s l y p l e a s e d to s a n c t i o n t h e ' f o l l o w i n g p r o m o t i o n s in, a n d a p p o i n t m e n t s to, t h e O r d e r o f t h e H o s p i t a l o f S t . J o h n o f J e r u s a l e m in E n g l a n d :—

A s K n ig h t o f fusticc f r o m K n ig h t o f Grace) : S ir Joh n P r es c o tt H e w ett, G .C .S .I ., C.I.F..

A s K nights o f G race: Lieu t.-C o lo n el Ja m e s A le x a n d e r L a w r e n c e M o n tg o m e ry , C . S . l C o lo n el E u s ta c e A u g u s tu s B u rn sid e, M .R .C .S ., R .A . M .C . S u rg e o n -G e n e r a l F r a n c is Jo h n J en ck en , M .B ., D .P .H . Patrick D a lre a gle A g n e w .

A s Honorary K nights o f Grace : Henri E d o u a rd N aville. P a u l G ran d d ’ H auteville.

A s Ladies o f G ra ce: M arion E v a , M iss L eth b rid ge. A n n e t te L o u is e, C o u n te s s of L iv e rp o o l. N in a A u g u s ta S tra cy, M rs. H o llin g s. H e le n a E m ily , C o u n tess G leischen . E th el H ope, M iss Becher, R .R .C .

A s Honorary Serving Brothers : C a p ta in A lfre d S te p h en Co llard. Lieu t.-C o lo n el W iliia m W ils o n M c K in n e y , N .Z .A .S .C . J o s e p h F r e d e r ic P e a rs o n , J.P.

A s Honorary Serving Sisters : E m ily J a n e M a rth a , M rs. D en ch field . A d a M a ry , M rs. D icketts.

F o r E nrolm ent as Honorary Associates : S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l J a m e s M a h e r , C . B . , L . R . C . P . & S. W illia m C h a rle s Bentall, F .R .C .S .E d . C o lo n el F e rn a n d E u g e n e C an n ot, C .M .G ., A .S .C . M ajo r A . C h a rles V alad ier, C .M .G ., R .A .M .C . Lieu t.-C o lo n el John V in c en t Forrest, C .M .G ., M .B ., R .A .M .C . M arcel A ugste Cgenod. T h e R ev . T h o m a s S m ith C a v e. L ieu t.-C o lo n e l H a r ry T h o rn to n C h allis, M .D ., V .D . S u rg e o n -M a jo r John O rton, M .B . John E d w a rd G od son , M .B ., M .R .C .S ., L .R .C .P . M rs. R adcliffe.

J 54

— F I R S T CONTENTS

TH IS

National Service and the V .A.D .’s

T h e

...........................

145

R epo rts—

No. 1 ; No. 4 ... ... No. 5 ; No. 6 ;No. 12 ... Scotts, Ltd. ... ...... Death of Col. T. H. Hendley S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e

... ... ... ...

... ... ..' ...

146 147 j 48 148

G azette—

Sir William Hoy ... ... ... General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee the County Directors ... ... Opening of Halkyn House, Belgrave Square V.A.D. N e w s .......................... ... Demonstrators’ Certificates ... ... The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital St. John of Jerusalem in England Brevities ... A New Stretcher Trolley Use and Abuse of First Aid Outfits ... Railway Ambulance A Three-Purpose Sidecar V.A.D . Items Queries and Answers to Correspondents

February, *917.

practice in the dark, the only light afforded for the location of the “ injured ” (boy scouts), first treatment and transport

NUMBER.

E d it o r ia l— D istr ic t

AID. —

... 149 to ... 149 ... 1 to ,52 ... 152 of •••

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

'53

154 155 159 157 158 159 160

B r e v itie s . I n the course of his annual report, the Government M ining Engineer of the Transvaal says that the improve ment in the accident death-rate of 1915 was largely due to the efforts of the various managements in exercising closer supervision, and of the Safety First Committee. “ Atten tion has frequently been drawn in Departmental reports to the influence on the accident rate of the personality of the manager and his heads of departments. It may be pointed out that these officials set the fashion for the mine. If they are reckless or careless, the spirit of recklessness will prevail throughout the mine. I f they are careful and vigilant, the rank and file of miners and workmen become careful and vigilant, and accidents and disease are rare. This point is exemplified in the fact that where workings are recognised as being dangerous very few accidents ever occur, because care and vigilance in that case are a necessary adjunct to the working o f such places. I f every mine official would start with the axiom that every place in a mine is a site of potential danger, he would then begin to look for the possible sources of such and anticipate a large number of the acci dents which still occur. Th is principle appears to have been recognised to some extent by the mines, as there is a decided tendency to reduce the areas over which shift bosses have supervision. T hese officials, consequently, have more time to attend to the different working places in their sections.” V I n view of the possibility of the renewal of “ frightful ness ” in the form of hostile air raids in this country, ambu lance workers connected with the St. John Am bulance Brigade have been arranging practices. A n element of realism has been infused into one of these tests organised in connection with a Midlands division, by carrying out the

being provided by means of electric torches and handlamps. B y this means all concerned were familiarised with the conditions which would obtain in the event of a Zeppelin raid. T h e innovation also rendered the practice more interesting, and the example deserves to be emulated by other divisions. Brigade secretaries please note. *** W e publish in this issue the monthly letter of the Joint War Committee to County Directors. This will be a regular feature of the Journal, and it should be the means of bringing Commandants in touch with every phase of their work. * * * About 100 persons were presented with medals and certificates of honour, awarded by the Order of St. John, for services rendered during the fatal Irish Rebellion in Easter week, 1916. T h e presentations were made by Sir Henry Blake, K .C .M . G . Some of those to whom medals had been awarded are now away at the war, one of them in Rumania. Mr. Justice Ross, P.C., who presided, said that they were very well aware of the state of facts that led to that ceremony. A lamentable rebellion broke out in the country, and Dublin was the seat of the principal disorder, which resulted in the regrettable loss of life and damage to the great public buildings of the’ city. T h e casualties among the troops alone were considerably over 500, and amongst the civil population far exceeded 1,000. This most unfor tunate state of affairs gave an opportunity to the St, John Am bulance Brigade to help at a time when the streets were swept by machine gun and rifle fire. T h e members of the brigade were mobilised immediately, and at once went out to posts of danger, and rendered most memorable service. Those connected with the British R e d Cross Society rendered equally valuable service, while a great number of others, some attached to hospitals and some unattached, came out in a most spirited manner and rendered all the assistance in their power. T h e principle of the St. John organisation was the old one of the Knights Hospitallers, to go to the help of the stricken at whatever the risk. T h e way in which the nurses behaved was bevond praise. Sir Henry Blake said that though a rebuilt and resuscitated Dublin might bring oblivion of some memories, nothing could wipe out the heroic record of the men and women of Dublin who in that terrible week devoted themselves to their work with the energy and fearlessness which entitled them to take their stand side by side with those who had been engaged in the highest works of mercy.

[H O R L IC K S M a lte d M illq

!Cocoa

a n d H e a lth fu l

I Also HORLICKS M.M. packet Chocolate ■ ^of ail Chemists and Grocers

February, 1917.

N ew

- F I R S T

S tretch er

Trolley.

T h e trolley is made to carry two or four patients on stretchers and has been designed to save labour in the conveying of wounded from the hospital ships to the hospital trains and in detraining at the large hospital centres. T h e two stretcher trolley should be very useful in large hospitals where patients have to be conveyed through long corridors into the wards, as it is made to go through an ordinary ward door and one man can push the trolley easily, whereas four men would be required to

AID. —

155

When loading the bottom stretchers the Cantilever brackets to take the top stretchers can be swung to the parallel position and thus allow o f the bottom stretchers being loaded easily, but the distance between the bottom and top stretcher is such that, with ordinary care, the trolley can be loaded without interfering with the brackets. T h e brackets taking the top stretchers are at such a height that two men can easily lift the patient off or on. T h e trolley is so easily propelled that women could be employed to convey the patients. It was designed by C om m andant Crawford o f the No. 1 Detachment of the Bristol Branch of the British R e d Cross Society. Mr. Crawford is factory manager for Messrs. H. J. Packer & Co., Ltd., chocolate manufacturers, and Mr. H orace Walker (chairman of the Com pany) when the design was submitted to him was favourably

Trolley Dismounted.

Trolley in a Ward of Bruce Cole Auxiliary Hospital. impressed with it and gave Mr. Crawford permission to carry out his experiments in the works. Both a two and a four stretcher trolley have been made in the engineering department of the firm. Trolley with Bottom Stretcher Loaded and Brackets in Longitudinal Position. carry the patients by hand and the work is much harder on the men. T h e trolley is mounted on four rubber tyred wheels in such a way that it can turn in its own length and is easily steered. T h e stretchers are carried on iron Cantilever brackets supported on iron standards which drop into sockets fixed on bed of trolley. T h e standards are held in position in sockets by means of Cotter pins passed through the standards and dropped into slots in the sockets. T h e Cantilever brackets are made to slide into grooves in castings attached to the standards. This arrangement of standards and brackets permits of them being assembled or dismounted in a few seconds as no bolts or screws are required to hold them in position. Several trollies and their component parts Gan be stored in a single tier and thus occupy a minimum of space.

H . R .H . Princess Arthur o f Connaught will open the Walthamstow Am bulance Station on February 26th. “ Hints for Hospital Orderlies,” by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, which appeared as a series article in F i r s t A i d , has now been published in book form, and can be obtained from Messrs. Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd., 83-91, Great Titchfield-street, London, W. Price 6d. net. D u r i n g the month of January the Scottish R ed Cross Sphagnum Moss Depot despatched to hospitals at home and abroad 30,250 dressings. A large proportion of these were sent to the base stores of the R e d Cross Society of Boulogne, whence they were sent to the advanced stores, from which they were despatched to various hospitals’ Consignments were also despatched to the Scottish W om en ’s Hospitals and to the Mediterranean Force.

— F I R S T

U s e a n d A b u s e of F i r s t - A i d O u tfits . B v N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R , M.B.. B.A., B.C., Cantab., M.R.S.C., Eng. Hon. Surgeon Hampstead D ivision S.J.A .B . A uthor oj “ A id s to F irst-A id ,” “ A id s to Home N ursing,” &-'c. ( Continued from page 140I) II.— E X T E R N A L

A PPLIC A TIO N S.

external applications usually supplied in a First-Aid Outfit are intended to soothe (analgesic), cleanse (antiseptic), or cool (astringent) burns, wounds, bruises, &c. When lotions of a given strength have to be prepared it is wise to use warm boiled water for diluting the drug and useful to retnember that one teaspoonful of any drug gives, when added to a pint of water, an approximate strength of 1-160 which will serve as a basis for estimating any other required proportion. In view op the dangers of added infection, and by reason o f increased delay in removing the patient to expert assistance, discrimination in the use and preparation of these applications is most necessary. T in c t u r e o f I o d in e is most useful because it is a n t is e p t ic and because it is applied without waste o f valuable time. It should be freely painted over the wound and adjacent parts with a mop of cottonwool and is much advocated both for septic and dirty wounds and also for the prevention of sepsis. T

h e

Economy in use can be obtained (as suggested b y Dr. MacFadden, when Hon. Surgeon of the Hampstead Division, S.J.A.B.) by spraying the Iodine from an ordinary throat-spray. Tincture of Iodine can (by repeated applications) be used as a C o u n t e r - i r r i t a n t , and has also been strongly recommended for internal administration as the best A n t i d o t e for Carbolic A c id poisoning. A n t is e p t ic F l u id ( s o called) may consist o f varying strengths of Carbolic Acid, Mercury or Cresol (otherwise kn wn as Lysol) solutions. Unless we know the variety and strength of the antiseptic supplied, and unless circum stances are favourable for its use, it is better— f o r the reasons already given— to leave this Fluid alone. It is noteworthy that Perchloride of Mercury is peculiar in that (1) it loses its disinfectant value if brought into contact with albuminous matter or soap, and (2) that it must not be used for metallic instruments which are ruined by the consequent deposit of mercury. This peculiar action explains the value of white egg as antidote in mercurial poisoning. F r ia r s B a l s a m (Tincture of Benzoin Co.) is a power ful A n t i s e p t i c which was at one time very popular. In view of more valuable remedies, however, it is not often used to-day, because, applied to the skin, it is both stimulant and irritant, and because it makes a nasty sticky mess of the wound which is difficult to cleanse when the patient reaches expert assistance. Friars Balsam is also a valuable S e d a t i v e and, added to boiling water (1-160), will give additional relief by inhalation in cases of Inflammation or Swelling of Tissues of Tnroat. C a r r o n O i l is an emulsion of Linseed Oil and Lim e Water which in an emergency is a useful S e d a t i v e appli cation for burns, scalds, &c. Since, however, the oil may

AID. —

February, 19 j 7

become infected and actually promote, instead o f prevent, sepsis (a danger already present in every burn and scald), Carron Oil should always be combined with and rendered antiseptic by the addition of Eucalyptus Oil (10%). P ic r ic A c id was first used in France for the treatment of burns, & c , and may be present in the Outfit either as a saturated solution or as an alcoholic preparation (picric acid, 1 ; alcohol, 16 ; distilled water, 200 parts). It has been much vaunted as a specific remedy because (1) it is a S e d a t i v e and deadens pain, (2) it is a trustwortny A n t i s e p t i c , and (3) it is A s t r i n g e n t and possesses coagulating properties which limit any tendency to sepsis. T h e great disadvantage is that it stains everything — e g , wound, skin, dressing, & c.— a deep yellow colour which is most difficult to remove. A m m o n ia is a most useful constituent of an Outfit. Thus, in its concentratedform it provides us with a valuable S t i m u l a n t and may be used in place of Smelling Salts for treatment of Shock. As, however, it is a corrosive alkali, care must be taken not to spill any on the patient’s face or hands lest serious burns result. Again, freely diluted with ivater (1 in 4) Am m onia is an A n t i d o t e and serves as an Alkaline lotion for Acid Burns and, in s till weaker solution (1 in 7), for Stings of plants and animals. In both cases its application should be immediate and owes its value to the neutralisation of the acid burn or injection. III.— M E D IC IN E S . Medicines for internal administration (e.g. diarrhoea mixture) have no place in a First-Aid O u tfit; but the following drugs justify their inclusion by reason o f their general utility in an emergency since they may all be taken internally or applied externally in their appropriate dosage or dilution. S a l V o l a t il e (Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia) is a S t i m u l a n t , which owes its great value to the effects of Am monia upon the circulatory, respiratory and nervous systems, especially in sudden Collapse from any cause. F o r internal use it is administered in doses of 30-60 drops and should be diluted with 4 to 6 parts of water, the draught being slowly sipped by the patient, on whom a fu rther stim ulating effect is produced through the sense of smell. A s an external application it may be applied— either concentrated or in a paste with bicarbonate of soda— as an A n t i d o t e for Stings of plants and animals and as a S e d a t iv e for burns of the first degree.jj Too much reliance is sometimes placed on the internal use of Sal Volatile by First-Aiders, who forget that removal of Cause, recumbent position of Patient, and external Warmth will produce better, quicker and more permanent results. B r a n d y may also be included in the Outfit and may be most serviceable on rare occasions. To this end it is available for administration by the doctor when he arrives and takes charge of the case. F o r internal use by a First-Aider, however, Brandy, as a S t i m u l a n t , must be regarded as a last resource of treat ment, because the dangers of undue stimulation with Sal Volatile (which have just been mentioned) are far more urgent with Brandy, especially in cases of Haemorrhage and H ead injuries. A s an external application the value of B rand y— either as an A n t i s e p t i c for cleansing wounds or as a S e d a t i v e for reducing inflammation of Bruises, Sprains, Stings, & c.— is to-day only too frequently forgotten, whereas in classical

February, 1917.

- F I R S T

and so-called pre-antiseptic times the popular dressing for wounds was oil and wine. I p e c a c u a n h a W i n e should find a place in every Out fit and supplies us with a safe and powerful emetic which is suitable alike for children (1 tablespoonful) and for adults (1 tablespoonful). F o r internal use as an Em etic it is administered in these doses, repeated at intervals until vomiting occurs, and acts both locally on the stomach and centrally on the nervous system. A s an external application it possesses valuable A n t i s e p t ic qualities (partly inherent, and partly due to the alcojiol present) which may be useful in an emergency for cleansing and protecting wounds. In cases of Poisoning the act of vomiting may be difficult to produce, and the secret of success is to repeat the dose every 10 or 15 minutes. Similarly, with mustard or salt the draught must be made as nauseous as possible and swallowed rapidly. C a s t o r a n d

is a

O il

v a lu a b le

a ls o

c a n

a d ju n c t

b e th e

u se d

fo r

s e v e ra l

p u rp o s e s

O u tf it,

F o r internal use its purgative action serves as an A n t i d o t e in cases of Ptomaine Poisoning, while its pro tective properties render it useful as a S e d a t i v e (in small doses) for Corrosive Poisoning. A s an external application it is available as a S e d a t i v e dressing for Burns, Scalds and also for inflammation of Eye. * * * * * * * W

it h

M e d ic in e s ,

E x t e r n a l

A p p lic a t io n s ,

& c .,

P R EC ISE . T h e potential dangers in handling drugs and -the pre cautions essential to the administration of medicines are the same for the First-Aider as for the Nurse. Under these circumstances, therefore, the mnemonic, which follows, and which is taken from my A id s to Hom e-Nursing, may help to summarise and to emphasise some of the points which have been discussed in the last two sections. P R E C I S

P o u r out of bottle, with label up. D o n ’t finger label. e g u l a t e quantity by using graduated measure-glass. E x a m i n e b o t t l e c a r e f u l l y before and after p o u r i n g o u t. C l e a n a l l e q u i p m e n t t h o r o u g h l y before a?id after use. I n s i s t o n r e g u l a r t i m e s a n d i n t e r v a l s , as stated on label. S h a k e m e d i c i n e b o t t l e w e l l before pouring out d o s ^ . E x c l u d e h e a t b y s t o r i n g a l l b o t t l e s away fro m fire. * * * • * • * * * R

In conclusion, if we desire to avoid Abuse of our Ou t fit and to use it on every occasion to the best possible advantage, then we must be C l e a n , N e a t and P r e c i s e . F in is .

Classes in Invalid Cookery, specially adapted to meet the requirements of V .A .D . workers. T o be given at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, Clerkenwell, E.C. Consisting of twelve demonstrations and practices, to be held on Friday evenings (weekly), from 7.30 to 9.30 p.m., beginning on March 2nd. Fee, 4s. for the Course. Application should be made to the Lady Superintendent of the Northampton Polytechnic. FREEMANS -sj/ REAL TURTLE SOUP made in a minute with Frfeemans Real Turtle Cubes. Four in a box. 1/-

W atfrld

AID. —

157

jlailwaij Jlmbutance. G .W .R .— It is pleasing to learn that the total number of ambulance awards gained by members o f the Great Western Railway Centre for the year 1 9 1 6 shows an in crease on that for the previous year, notwithstanding the further depletions of staff which have been continous dur ing the period. Although there is a considerable falling off in the number of certificates and voucher awards owing to the younger men being with the Forces, the number of medallions and labels gained during the year constitutes a record. T h e following table shows the progress which has been achieved during each o f the past four years :— Medallion Certificates Vouchers Medallions labels for (ist year). (2nd year). (3rd year). Re-exmn. 823 .. • 608 ... 367 215 1913 1914 ... 1,798 .. . 617 ... 434 .. 822 ... 639 .. • 699 ... 963 .. 856 ... 191 5 ... 1916 ... 455 .. • . 1,167 ••• 443 ••• 563

Year.

Total. 2,013 3,671

2,497

2,628

Am b u lan ce activities throughout the line are not to be measured entirely by the examination results, however, for a large number of men required to be retained for the work o f the railway have been regularly assisting as orderlies and dressers in hospitals, and a number of women employees possessing the first aid and nursing certificates are serving in their off-duty hours at V .A .D . hospitals. Successful classes composed entirely of women employees have been organised at various parts of the line. For the first time since the inauguration of the Centre in 1898, it has been impossible to hold the usual series of competitions. T h e annual award of medals and certificates for actual first aid work has not yet been made, and it is understood that a large number of cases in which the treatment afforded is regarded as exceptionally efficient are now under con sideration. During the year nine members of the staff and two members of the medical profession closely associated with the Centre, who have rendered services of an exceptional character to the movement over a long period of years, have been recognised by the Order of St. John o f Jerusalem by election as Honorary Serving Brothers and H onoary A sso ciates of the Order respectively. S. E. & C. R . — W e are interested to learn that this Centre has a most successful year’s work to record for 1916, having claimed no fewer than 857 labels out of a total of I 3>194 issued by the Association, the total number of awards issued during the year only having been twice be fore exceeded. Am bulance work has, undoubtedly, a very strong hold on this railway, and in spite of the calling-up of many members of the railway staff for military service, the Centre continues to maintain its high standard. Over 3,000 individual cases of first aid have been rendered during the year, and the various class members are in constant attendance at the unloading of wounded soldiers, performing all transport necessary, and thus re leasing the Military for other work. A s this is done in the men’s rest time, it is all the more creditable. Classes have been held during the past three years for female members of the staff, and in some cases a number of the lady candidates have qualified for the medallion. W e have much pleasure in noting that, in the presence

158

- F I R S T

of a full C hap ter of the Order of St. John of Jerusalum in England, held at St. John ’s Gate on Friday, 19th January, 1917, Porter Jack Lovett was presented with a Certificate o f Merit for gallantry in saving the life of Fitter J, Francis at L ond on Bridge Station, on 19th July, 1916. On the occasion in question, Francis was carrying two iron wheels across the railway track, between platforms, and stooped to pick up one wheel which he had dropped, not noticing that a light engine was running through the station within a few yards of him. Jack Lovett (17 years of age) was wheeling a milk trolley on the platform almost abreast of Francis, and, instantly realising the situation, rushed forward and just in time to get hold of Francis and lift him clear of the approaching engine, which was then only two yards away. Several eyewitnesses testified the fact, that, only the promptitnde displayed by Lovett, at consider able risk to himself, averted what would otherwise have b een a tragedy. T h e presentation was made on behalf of the Grand Prior by His Grace the Earl of Plymouth, who expressed the gratification it gave the Order to give honour where honour was due.

A I D -

February, 1917.

two parts and hinged together so that when opened out it can form a bed or an operating table. T h e drawers in the one portion can then be opened from the side or the whole lid turned back. T h e other portions may contain blankets, clothes, or other articles. In the toe are two lockers, of

The Portmanteau unfolded and used as an Operating Table. which the bottom one is intended to carry two Primus stoves, tools, paraffin, etc., while the upper locker is for food. T h e hood is constructed to be used in different posii tions, so as to cover any person riding or sleeping in the I sidecar, or, when used as an ambulance, to shelter the patient from the elements. W hen the portmanteau is not in position, part of the floor can be taken out to form a table top. A second seat can be fitted. T h e back of the body can be let down into any posi tion that may be convenient. A folding stretcher is provided which, when folded, fits into the body of the side car. This is furnished with wheels, which also fold up under the stretcher, and when not employed in its ostensible purpose can be used as a bed for a camper, second and third beds being provided by the portmanteau and the sidecar itself. T h u s none ot the three passengers need sleep on the ground itself. T hree mattresses are also part of the equipment. T h e sidecar body is so arranged that a child as well as an adult passenger can be carried comfortably. T h e T h e T .M .

Combination as it appears on the road.

A T h r e e = P u r p o s e S id e c a r . I t is no new thing to use a sidecar for the purpose of trans porting the sick and w o u n d e d ; many such outfits have been designed during the last few years and have proved themselves to be very serviceable. Nor is it unusual to use a sidecar on a camping trip, for it lends itself well to carrying the necessary apparatus. However a sidecar specially designed so as to be suitable for both these pur poses, as well as for ordinary driving and touring has not, we believe, previously been constructed. T h e T .M . combination, which we illustrate and describe, combines the necessary requisites for these various functions in a Aery ingenious manner. T h e sidecar body, which is very roomy, is divided into three compartments. T h e underneath compartment, or boot, is designed to receive the portmanteau, which consists of a case made in

Placing a wounded man on the sidecar on the stretcher.

— F I R S T

February, 1917.

outfit can thus accomm odate no fewer than four passengers. Also several cans of petrol can be placed in the boot without opening the door at the back. T h e tent, when erected, is composed of two apartments, separated by a curtain, and is large enough to con-

iS9

AID. —

they are quickly proving their value as an expeditious method of carrying a wounded man. W e are indebted to the M o to r Cycle for the lllustrations of this article,

V .A .D .

Ite m s .

M id d le se x V o lu n ta ry A id O r g a n i s a t i o n . — The number and strength of Voluntary A id D etachments on January 31st, 1917, are as follows :— B y w hom organised.

N um ber. M e n ’s. W o m e n ’s. T o ta l.

Territorial Force Association ... 5 Order of St. J o h n ................. 15 British Red Cross Society ... 2 22

Stren gth . M en ’s. W on en s.

T o ta l.

543

899

1442

112 1

1649

2770

I51

249

400

2797

401 2

1815

T h e above figures show an increase in strength of 261 during the month of January. Asleep in the Sidecar. tain the bicycle and sidecar as well as the rider and pas sengers. T h e entrance is closed by flaps, not shown in the photagraph. T h e telescopic tubes on which the tent is erected were first carried in rectangular form around the sidecar, but this arrangement has now been improved upon by so constructing them that they can be placed in a bundle between the sidecar and bicycle. Although the whole forms a combination, the parts have been patented separately by W. A. Mercer and A Timpe, since they can be used independently of each other. While on the subject of sidecar ambulances it may be mentioned that, while many are privately employed in this country, the British R e d Cross Society does not employ them, nor are they used by the War Department. T h e y are, however, used with success by the French authorities, and a certain number are in use on the Italian Front, where T h e T e n t , front v iew , s h o w in g P o i t m a n t e a u a n d e x t r a s . L e ic e s t e r .

Side View of the Tent.

No fewer than 700 V .A .D . workers attended a tea and entertainment at the D e Montfort Hall on January 27th, the host being Mr. A. W. Faire, D .L ., the County Director. A letter was read from the Hon. Arthur Stanley, chairman of the Joint V .A .D . Comm ittee in London, in which he expressed to Mr. Faire, and those who have worked so well under his guidance, the sincere appreciation of the Joint War Committee of the British R e d Cross Society and the Order of St. John. T h e work in Leicester has been arduous, but had been very well done. Mr. Faire, addressing the gathering, said that during the year ended Decem ber there had 87 ambulance trains in, the total number of wounded and sick men in the convoys being 11,927, all from overseas. In the rest-room at the Midland Station 9.035 men were entertained, and 4,744 at the Great Central Station, while on troop trains they pro vided refreshments for 53,384 men. Their whole County Detachment included 372 men and 924 women, making a total of 1,296. H e thought it would be agreed that their record for the year was a good one. T h e y had over 200

— F I R S T women working in Military Hospitals, and a good many of their men were serving at the front. T h e Mayor spoke in terms of appreciation of the noble work carried on by the V .A .D ., and Lieut.-Col. Harrison com plimented the organisation upon its efficiency and the splendid work accomplished throughout the year. Mr. O. B. Salmon, president of the Leicester Cham ber of Commerce, voiced the appreciation of that body for the work of the V .A .D . in Leicester, and said he had much pleasure in asking Mr. Faire to accept a cheque for ^ 5 0 0 from the members of the Chamber, to be devoted to the expenses of the organisation. Mr. Faire acknowledged the generosity of the Cham ber of Com merce, and spoke of the great difficulties which had beset the V .A .D . owing to lack of funds. The magnificent gift would greatly relieve them, but he trusted the people of Leicester would not forget that work of this character could not be carried on without funds.

AID. —

February, 1917.

Q u ic k R ecovery A very

d o cto r

has

draw n a tte n tio n to v a lu a b le fea tu re

w ell - k n o w n

one of

H a ll's

Queries and J in s w e rs Correspondents.

often

Q ueries w i ll be dealt w ith under the follow in g rules :— the envelope “ Q u e r y "

He H a l l ’s

says :

“ I

W in e

for

my p a tie n ts, as I fin d q u ic k ly r e c o v e r w ith it.”

1 . — Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left hand com er of

W in e. order

a n d addressed — F i r s t

A id ,

th ey

T h i s is i m p o r t a n t , n o w t h a t i n f l u e n z a is i n c r e a s i n go- ' a s H a l l ’s ....

W in e n ot o n ly w a rd s o ff a tta c k —

46, Cannon-street, Lo n d o n , E . C . 2 .— A l l Q ueries m ust be accompanied by a “ Q uery Coupon ” cut *rom the cu rren t issue of the ] o u rn a l, or in case of Q ueries from abroad

it e n s u r e s q u i c k r e c o v e r y f r o m i t s w e a k e n in g

after-effects as

w ell.

prom a recent issue. 7 .— Q ueries, accompanied by stamped answ ered by post.

addressed envelope,

w ill be

T. B. (Wheatley Hill).— With fracture of humerus we apply a small arm-sling ; with fracture of the forearm, a large armsling. Which arm-sling should be used in the case of frac tures of humerus and of forearm, both on the same side? The small arm-sling is indicated because the fractured humerus is the more serious injury. If, however, the patient complains of discomfort therefrom, then the large sling should be tried, and might prove more successful. — N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r .

H a ll’s W ine is the surestTJand safest restorative in winter ailments— bron chitis, coughs, etc.

HTheaSupreme lls WRestorative u ie G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a bottle of Hal l's W i n e to-day. If, after takin g half o f it, yo u feel no real benefit, return to us the half-empty bottle and we refund outlay.

t L a r g e S i z e , 3 /9 .

P. D. B. (Woodhouse) asks :— Is the St. John sling complete without the bandage round the body and the elbow of the injured side ? In Cantlie, on page 51 (4), it states that the injured limb must be secured to the side by a broad bandage. Some of us maintain that the instruction laid down in par. 3 on the previous page form the complete sling, and that the bandage round elbow and trunk is used only for the fracture of the collar-bone. Others maintain that the bandage round the elbow is necessary in treating a frac ture of the scapula also. The transverse bandage, as the Manual clearly shows, has nothing to do with the St. John sling, and is intended only for the treatment of the broken clavicle.— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

\ O b ta in a b le \ o f\ a ll W in e M e r c h a n ts, a n d G rocers a n d C h em ists w ith W in e Licences. STEPHEN

SM ITH

CO.,

LT D .,

BOW.

CHOCOLATES^ N ougat M o n tcle m a rl PENNY “ DELECTA”

—the name describes them

Q J a tfr ld .

662

February, 1917

- F I R S T

ilODEXj |1

(Un*.Iodl.M-l«d

Aseptic.

FIRST-AID A BLAND & PA IN LESS — IODIN E D R E S S I N G . —

for

Uniforms and Equipment

Antiseptic.

IO D E X has been su pplied to : H .M . F le e t S u r g e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u r g e o n s , R ed C ro s s S u r g e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F r a n c a ls e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F r e n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilita r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

161

A I D -

I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

V a s t (modern fa cto ry resources, added to a c e n tu r y ’ s experience, en ables us to s u p p ly F ir s t A i d and a ll other S e r v ic e s w i t h u n ifo r m s and e q u i p m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m aterials, w o r k m a n s h i p and fin ish - a t prices that c h a l l e n g e com parison w i t h a n y other c lo t h i n g of equal q u a lity .

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating Free Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

I 0 DEX i s s o l d In 1 o z . P o t s , P r i c e

1/3.

I O D E X has benefitled the fo llo w in g a n d num erous other conditions: E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s i t i s , S y n o v it is , S c ia tic a , N e u r itis , G o u t, R h e u m a to id A rth ritis , H y d ro c e le . P a ra s itic S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s , A c n e, B o lls , M u m p s , S p r a i n s , AND ALL IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S .

P r ic e s and S a m p l e s on request.

16,

N ILE

C IT Y

ROAD,

a n d L ite ra tu re

Menley

a p p lic a tio n

James,

H ANOVER

to —

Ltd.,%aN rDSrn ER c?ad’

REGULATION

GREY

STREET, LO N DO N ,

PR IN C E S SQ U A R E ,

N .,

STREET,

LO N D O N ,

W .

PATTERN

Secondhand, but in excellen t condition. Price

FOLLETT 4 ,

V i c t o r i a

T e l e p h o n e : A v e n u e 5469.

each.

Co.,

A v e n u e ,

B is h o p s g a t e ,

L o n d o n ,

We ca n also s u p p l y Belts, Pouches, S t r e t c h e r Sl i n g s , H a v e r s a c k s , W aterb ottles, etc. S a m p le s The

O verco ats

are

rare

a p p lic a tio n . bargain

the

price

offered.

16 2

— F I R S T

ST.

JO H N

AM BULANCE A N D V .A .D .

B R IG A D E

A I D . —

February, 1917.

xhe British Red Cross Society. St. John Ambulance Brigade and V.A.D. Territorial Nursing Service. Canadian Nursing Sisters. A l l th e S p r i n g a n d P rices

and

full

S u m m e r H a t s are n o w

p a rticu la rs

ou r

N ew

ready. N urses’

C a t a l o g u e , w h i c h is sent p o st free on a p p lic a t io n . W h e r e six or m o r e

H a t s are o r d e r e d t h e y w i ll b e

sent C a r r i a g e B R ITIS H

STRAW

RED

Free.

CROSS

S O C IE TY .

H A T S — S P R IN G and SU M M ER .

T h e Straw Hats for the Ladies of this Society are now ready. T h e y are made in good Black Straw with B l a c k R ibbon with White edge for ordinary members, and Grey with White edge for Officers and C o m mandants. T h e price i s ' 5 /9 , and 6d. extra for Box and Postage, and the special quality made for Officers and Commandants, price 1 0 /9 , and 6d. for B ox and Postage. Loose Bands, with Bows attached, for Members and Officers, 1 / 6 each.

Ladies will have observed the excellent value that has been given in the various Hats supplied. It is not possible in the ordinary way to produce these Hats at such a low price. W e are doing it to help the various societies, hence the reason we have been obliged to charge 6d. towards Box and Postage.

Any New

th e

Articles

C a ta lo g u e can

tionary

illustrated

our

be sent to the E xp edi

Force Hospitals packed in wood box

/ - post free.

R e m i t t a n c e m u s t a c c o m p a n y a ll O rd e rs .

S C O T T S , 1, O L D

.SUMMER

HATS

(N a v y

Blue).

W e have now ready the Straw Hats for the Ladies o f the British R e d Cross Society. It is a pretty Navy Blue Straw H at in two sizes, with N avy Blue and White Ribbon of unique design. Price 5 / 9 and 1 0 /9 , and 6d. extra for Postage. W e have a few now ready for those placing orders early. For Commandants and Officers the price is 5 /9 ,'in an extra quality 1 0 /9 , with 6d. extra for Postage. Loose Ribbons, Bows attached, for Members and Officers, 1/6 each. Badges, 1/- each.

B O N D S T., P IC C A D IL L Y , W

February, 1917.

— F I R S T

IR O N a n d W O O D E N

163

AID. —

H O S P IT A L

B U IL D IN G S

A ND THE N EW PA TEN T BRICKW ORK SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION FOR

M U N IT IO N

F A C T O R IE S ,

E t e .,

E tc .

Showing a part of the Australian Hospital ( 1,000 Beds) on Hu mph reys’ Sectional Building System at Harefield, Middlesex.

S a i l o r s ’ a n d

S o l d i e r s ’

MOBILE PANEL HUTS & HOSPITALS on

View,

supplied

from

S to c k

the

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY & ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. B u i ld i n g s shipped complete from our W o r k s on the T h a m e s , E b u r y B rid ge, V i c t o r i a , S . W . , S ta n d a rd S izes, S tocked in S ec tio n al P a n e ls . S i m p l e in C o n s tru c tio n to erect A b r o a d b y o r d in a ry lab our. MAY

H U M PH R EYS

L T D .,

IN SPECTED

D AILY

K H IC H T S B R ID C E ,

LONDON,

(C on tractors to the A d m i r a l t y , W a r O f f i c e , A u s t r a l i a n and C a n a d i a n G o v er n m en ts).

S .W .

164

— F I R S T Price 6d. net.

NOTES

S id n e y

AID H.

SIMPLIFIED.

Lam b.

A H a n d b o o k in a tabulated and simplified form gi vin g the m ain points 01 first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the m em ory o f the student.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO.. Ltd., 46, Cannon St. LONDON, E.C.

Dr. F in n y ’s F irst Aid.

rd. 3 E d it io n R e v ise d .

A Classified Series o f First A i d Not es and an Interlea ved N o t e -B o o k for A m b u la n ce Students. By W . E. S t . L A W R E N C E F I N N Y , M . D . , M . C h . , H on . Asso c, o f the O rd er o f St. Jo hn, L e ct u re r on F irst A id .

NET. Postage O ne Penny

MURBY & CO., 6, BOUVERIE ST.,

H A N M E R ’S

L if e - S a v in g *

L e c tu r e s.

FIR ST -A ID ,

&e.,

T h r d Edition. Post free, 7 d . F i r s t - A i d S i m p l i f i e d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h Ai ds t o M e m o r y . “ C o l. C a n tlie c on tribu tes a n in tro d u ctio n a n d w e en dorse h is go od op inion o f the book."— Lancet.

A ID S

H O M E -N U R S IN G .

Second Edition. Price, 7 d . , post free. H o m e - N u r s i n g S i m p l i f l d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w i t h Ai d s t o M e m o r y . “ T h is book w o n d e rfu lly sim p lifie s a c o m p le x su b ject a n d sh o u ld be r e a d by a l l s tu d e n ts ." — L. & N.W. Ry. Gazette.

AND

W HEREFORE

F IR S T -A ID .

Price, 7 d . , post free. D i f f i c u l t i e s in S t u d y a n d T r e a t m e n t s o lv e d b y Q u e s t i o n a n d A n s w e r. “ W e co m m en d th is book to L e c tu r e r s a n d S tu d e n ts w h o w i l l f i n d i t o f g r e a t se r v ic e ."— F i r s t a i d .

E F F IC IE N C Y

F IR S T -A ID .

Post free, i s . 2 d . P r o b le m s in S tudy, T r e a t m e n t a nd E x a m in a t io n solved for S e n i o r S tu d e n ts . “ W ith o u t do u b t th e book w i l l be o f g t e a t service in th e tr a in in g o f those f o r w h o m i t is d esig n ed.— B r i t i s h M e d i c a l J o u r n a l .

H IN TS

LONDON, E.C.

ILLU S TR A TED

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, B.A., M.B.. B.C. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S. A ID S T O F IR S T -A ID .

WHY d .

“ A useful no te -boo k for a m bulance students. ” — B r itis h M ed ica l Jou rn al.

THOMAS

February, 1917.

MANUALS

Post fr e e 7 d.

FIRST

AID. —

FOR

H O S P ITA L

O R D E R LIE S .

Pos t free, 7 d. D u t i e s S i m p l i f i e d a n d T u b u l a t e d , w i t h Ai d s t o M e m or y.

O rderly

IN D EX

F IR ST -A ID .

By J . M. C A R V E L L , M . R . C . S . , L . S . A . L o n d . A vade-me cum for the A m b u la n ce W o rk e r. F c a p .8 v o . Post free, I S . a d . FIR ST -A ID

FE W

W O R D S.

(38th thousand).

By t h e S a m e A u t h o r . W it h C oloure d Diagrams. 12 pp. Fold er. Paper, 2 d . HOM E

Sergt. Hanmer is too busy to attend to the fillin g o f his advt. space this month.

N U R SIN G

TH E

in Prince of W a l e s ’s Corps.

INSTRUCTION In “ PRESUM PTION and “ ELEMENTARY D ISPENSING.”

E ver yone engaged in F I R S T A I D work should take up the above Co urses at once. A m em ber o f S . J . A . B . w r i t e s : — -“ I feel d ee p ly indebted for the courses o f instruction received, hav e often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to ge t su ch .” ( T . B . ) S p e c ia l t e r m s n o w — h a lf fees— to mem bers o f S . J . A . B . , &c.

Cloth , 4 d .

(16th thousand).

M A N IK IN .

T R IA N G U L A R

BANDAGE :

Its Ap p li cati on shown b y W o rd s and Diagrams. H O W A R D M. P R E S T O N , D e m o n stra to r to the P o ly te ch n ic. 116 Illus. Price, i s . net, postage 2d. TH E

R O LLER

BANDAGE.

By th e S a m e A u th o r. Its A pplic ation shown b y W o r d s and Dia grams. Price, is. n et., postage 2d. A N A T O M ICA L

T w e l v e in set, on Roller. separately, 2 d . No.

D IA G R A M S.

B O O Y .-S H O W IN G P R E S S U R E P O IN T S.

Coloure d. W H O LE

A R T E R IE

B A N D A G IN G .

BOWSER,

James C a n tlie , F . R . C . S .

F .J.I., Illus. Post free,

P R A C T I C A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G UP H O SPIT A L G A R M E N T S FO R S IC K

(Approved by the R ed Cross Society). A

Illu strated .

Post free, i s . 2 d .

C O U R SE OF P H YSIC A L TR A IN IN G FOR R E C R U IT S OF TH E N EW A R M IE S. A L L A N B R O M A N ,_______________ Price i s . 8d. post free.

JO H N BALE, SONS & D A N IELSSO N , L td ., 8 3 - 9 1 . G r e a t T l t e h f l e l d S t r e e t . L o n d o n . W . _______ wu r 1131 .via, MeUlCmc. Sn rge ry, and all other S c ie n tific and Li t er ar y subjects.

Second-H and

R EA D Y

SO U PS

F F

H a lf

Prices. N e w Boo ks at -----------D is cou nt Prices. C a t a l o g u e s free. S ta te wants. Books sent oo approval. Bo o ks bought. W . A Q . F O Y L E , 121 and 123, C h a r in g Cross R o a d , Lo n do n, W . C .

Best Stretcher on the Market. BEST QUALITY CANVAS.

SPRING GEARING WHEELS.

P ric e X A X) Officers’ Regulation Great Coats, Dark etl Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to mi measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 21s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

is. 2d .

O U T & M A K IN G & W O U N D ED .

SH O R T TH E

A p p l y (stamp) to M r . J. E . W a l d e n , Sec., Westminster Co ll eg e ( L a d y Dispensers Section of the We stmin ster Co-Llege o f C he m ist ry and Ph a rm a c y, estd. 1874), I 12. S t . G e o r g e ’s R o a d . S o u t h w a r k . L o n d o n .

3\ee/nanj>

AND

Price, 6 d .

ART

By THBKLA Introduction b y

161 Illustrations.

Post free, 2 S . l o d . E a ch Dia gr am 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each.

1 4 .— H UM AN

TH E

P O STA L READING ”

W O R D S.

C O M P LE TE

F IR ST -A ID

S e n d 3d. s t a m p s fo r “ N o v e l t y B o o k l e t ” a n d fu ll p a r t i c u l a r s :— S e r g t . C. H A N M E R , 205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m . W i r e s :— H a n m e r , A m b u l a n c e , G o l d t h o r p e .

FEW

S ys tem s o f Bod y accurately indexed. I nvalu ab le to Students A n a to m y , Medicin e, F ir st-A id and A ll ie d Subjects. Price 2 S . n e t ; postage, 2d.

T o u r n o w on

By th e S a m e A u th o r. Incl uding useful reference tables. 14p p. Fold er. Paper, 2 d . C lo th, 4 d .

(A S

S U P P L IE D

£1 H .M .

5s. G O V E R N M E N T .)

L ig h t Durable Stretcher for Boy Scouts, W .

G .

H E L P S

(L a te

1 4 s.

6d.

Poad, Helps & C o .), S t.

P h ilip s

B rid g e ,

B R IS T O L

M a k e r s ot A m b u l a n c e W a g o n s a n d R e q u i s ite s .

O R S A L E , a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 6s. I id. a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

“FIRST AID QUERY and REPLIES COUPO N.

O R S A L E .— Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and Overcoats; samples on approval.— Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries. F e c r u a r y , 1917.

P r i n t e d a n d P u b lish ed b y M e n n . D a l e , R o t n o l d s & C o ., L t d ., 46, C a n n r n S t . , L o n d o n , B . C . , to w hom a ll com m unications should be add cessed

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

T HE

AM BULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No* 275 — YOL. XXIII

Our

[N E W

-----

S e r ie s .]

M A R C H , 1917'

GAZETTE.

DALE. Per Annum, Post Free

[E m o r o d a t S t a t i o n i n ' H a ll.)

the increase in the receipts chiefly to the growing con

Readers.

fidence of the public in its ability to apply this generosity

“ F i r s t A i d ” Is p u b l i s h e d on t h e 2 0 t h of e v e r y m o n t h .

to the needs of the sick and wounded with a maximum of

2S. 6 d. post free ; single copies 2 d.

dispatch and with a minimum of deduction for administra

T h e E ditor invites readers to send articles and reports on subjects of

tive expenses, and this is one of the remarkable features of

interest to ambulance workers, these should be addressed to him at

the work.

T h e A n n u al Subscription is

46, C annon Stre et, Lo n d on , E . C .

T h e administrative charges at home and at all

theatres of war abroad, excluding hospitals, amount to less

A l l articles and reports must be accompanied b y the name and address o f the writer, not necessarily for publication but for the use ot

than 7d. in the £

received, and the interest on surplus

money temporarily invested has been sufficient to cover

the Editor. Subscriptions, A d ve rti sem en ts and other business commu nications connected with F

ir st

DALE,

A i d should be addressed to the Publishers,

REYNOLDS

46 , C a n n o n

CO .,

costs abroad. Every soldier who has come in contact with the work

L t d .,

Str eet, L

the administrative costs at home and a good part of the

ondon,

E .C .

of the R ed Cross is a potential advocate of its claims for support, which is a most qualifying feature. T h e Committee adds an extremely important note, to

EDITORIAL.

which we direct attention.

“ In our opinion,” it runs, “ it

is becoming increasingly necessary to determine the rela tive responsibilities of the Government and of organisations

N O T IC E .

such as ours in this matter of the treatment and after care of the men who have been disabled.

O w in g to the restriction in the supply of paper

T h e question is a

very grave one, for such treatment must necessarily be con

it is our d u t y to be as economical as possible, w e

tinued for many years after the war.

therefore a sk our readers to a ssist us by ordering

depend in a great measure on the pensions and allowances

their copies from us or their n e w sa g en t as it is

granted to disabled men, but to a still greater extent on

no longer possible to place copies “ on s a l e ’ ’ for

the provision which the State may make for fitting these

the casual purchaser.

Its solution will

men, as far as possible, to take their part again in the civil work of the community.”

It is difficult to exaggerate

the importance of this question of after-care. A Joint W a r

l e n g t h y

report for the year ending

October 20th,

1916, was

issued last

C o m m ittee’s

month by the Joint War Committee of

Finance.

the Order of St. John and the British R ed Cross Society, which gives a slight

U po n it

depends much of the future efficiency o f the manhood of the nation. T h e Committee have added yet one more claim on our gratitude by calling attention so forcibly to this vital question.

indication of the extent of the splendid work which is be ing performed.

T h e income for the year under review was

,£3,034,262 as compared with £ 1 , 9 1 2 , 9 9 5 in the preced ing twelve months, and a most interesting fact contained in the report is that the small subscribers are providing the greater part of the money. In all, the funds subscribed by generous donors in all parts of the British Empire, have amounted to more than £6,000,000.

T h e Committee point out that it attributes

A N e w A m b u l a n c e C a t a l o g u e . — Messrs. Reynolds and Branson, Ltd., of 13, Briggate, Leeds, have recently issued the 3rd edition of their catalogue of First A id Requisites. This contains a large assortment of first aid cases designed to meet various requirements of ambulance workers, and every other article necessary for first aid work. Readers of this Journal requiring ambulance supplies should write to Messrs. Reynolds and Branson for a copy.

— F I R S T

SJhe G rand J r io r g of the Grder of the h o s p ita l of S t . J o h n of J eru salem in S n g la n d . AM BULANCE

3Thc S t . No. 1 District. D epu ty

DEPARTM ENT.

J o h n .A m bulance B rig a d e.

D ISTR ICT

OR D E R S.

C o m m issio n e r

W IN N Y. APRIL,

1917.

Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, ist.— No. 74 Division, City Mission. „ 8th.— No. 20 „ Hampstead. „ 15th.— N0.21 „ Bromley. „ 22nd.— No. 22 „ Hospital Saturday Fund. „ 29th.— No. 28 „ Norwood. 2.30 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. NEW D IV IS IO N S . The following Ambulance Divisions have been added to the No. 1 D istrict:— Limehouse, No. 76 Division. Underground Railways, No. 77 Division. P U BLIC D UTY. The Deputy Commissioner is occasionally asked at very short notice to provide for public street duty, and sometimes there is insufficient time to communicate, in writing with the Officers or Members in Charge of Divisions. If Officers or Members in Charge know that a public function is likely to take place at which the services of the Brigade may be re quired, they should, without waiting for instructions from this office, communicate with their men, and advise the Deputy Commissioner as to what help they can offer in the event of their services being called for. If they do this, it will be of great assistance in providing the public duty. j

ROYAL

NAVAL

AU X ILIA R Y RESERVE.

SICK

BERTH

The Admiralty is desirous of obtaining further recruits from Ambulance Divisions. • The name of men who have been passed by the Military Medical Boards as B2, B3, C l, C2, or C3, and men between the ages of 41 and 50 years (who have been certified as physically fit by their Divisional Surgeons) should be submitted on Form ODD ——:— t as soon as possible. BANK

H O LID A Y

DUTY.

Officers and Members in Charge of Divisions are desired to send in at once a statement showing how many of their members can take open space duty on Easter Monday, April 10th. Until this return is sent in, it will not be known how many stations can be arranged for on that day. (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

L i m e h o u s e ( N o . 76) D i v i s i o n . — A division of the brigade has been formed in Limehouse, with headquarters at the Church Institute, Three Colt-street, Limehouse, E. The officer in charge is Mr. Arthur Marks ; hon. sec., J. E. Hillier, 22, Arbour-square, Stepney, E. With a view to popularising the division in the district a church parade will take place on Sunday, March 25th. The division, with others, will muster in Arbour-square, CommercialRoad, Stepney, E., at 11 o’clock, and march, headed by a band,

AID. —

M arch, 1 91 7

to Limehouse Church for a short special service at 12.15 P mThe officer in charge cordially invites any other division, either ambulance or nursing, to take part in the parade. Arbour-square and St. Anne’s Church, Limehouse, are easy of access from all parts of London. The hon. sec. will be pleased to hear from any division which is desirous of attending. H a m p s t e a d ( N o . 20) D i v i s i o n . — The division celebrated its twenty-first year of continuous and efficient service on Tuesday, February 27th, when Sergt. C. Hanmer delivered his well-known Limelight Lantern Lecture before a crowded audience in the Hampstead Town Hall. In the unavoidable absence of the Mayor, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Hon. Surgeon to the Division, occupied the chair, and, in introducing the lecturer, gave a brief sketch of the history of the division, while he emphasised the fact that the advancement of first aid had been due to the devotion and energy of laymen quite as much to the knowledge of medical men. Sergt. Hanmer gave a most interesting and instructive demonstration, and fully merited the applause which followed the conclusion of his lecture.

No. 3 District. B i r m i n g h a m . — An interesting ceremony took place on February 6th, at Messrs. Kynoch’s, Lion Works, Witton, when Long Service Medals were presented to Divisional Supt. S. Nutt and 1st Class Sergt. J. Baguley. Among those present were Mr. Arthur Chamberlain (chairman, Messrs. Kynoch, Ltd.), Mr. Eddison (general manager), Assistant Commissioner Dr. T. Nelson, Corps Supt. C. M. Milner, Corps Secretary J. H. Hawkins, Corps Inspector of Stores W. E. Adlard, and members of the ambulance and nursing divisions. Mr. Arthur Chamberlain, in presenting the medals, said we have met to-night to present Long Service Medals to two members of the Kynoch Division, Birmingham, S.J.A.B. The fact that this distinction has previously only been conferred on five members of the Birmingham Corps, it shows that to be returned “ efficient” for 15 consecutive years, without which no one is eligible for the medal, is no ordinary achievement. There have always been found men and women public spirited enough to undertake voluntary work, sometimes labori ous, often unpleasant, and frequently unrecognised except by a very small public. Such work is performed without other satis faction save that which the knowledge of duty well done always brings to one’s conscience and self esteem. These are the people who may fitly be described as citizens of their country, and, in accordance with this number in a population, is their country likely to be an example of what a civilised nation should be. Work on the Council, Welfare work, and Territorial ser vice all occur to one as obvious examples. The War has brought to much of the quiet labour that recognition which, while it was unsought, was none the less its due, and none the less pleasing to receive. Among such work, that of the St. John Ambulance Brigade takes a prominent place, and we are here to-night to hon our two members of the brigade who have, by many years of honourable and self-sacrificing work, earned one of the highest awards that it is in the power of the Order to bestow. W e in these works value Divisional Superintendent Nutt and ist Class Sergt. Baguley as well as for what they do for the business as for the brigade. We know that our success is due to the presence of such as these amongst us, and as with us, so with the country, if there be sufficient of their sort, all is well ; there will be nothing we cannot achieve, no difficulties that we cannot overcome. Mr. Chamberlain concluded by saying that he would like to acknowledge, on behalf of the firm, their personal debt to the members of the Kynoch Division, whose skill and kindly minis trations had helped many fellow workpeople, and the know ledge of their presence had rendered the working conditions more pleasant,

March

1917

— F I R S T

We honour these men for their achievement, and we thank them for their example.

No. 4 District. B O L T O N . — Sergt.-Major Rushton, R.A.M.C., mentioned in the “ London Gazette” for special services, Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, is a member of the Bolton Corps. He was a member of the Home Hospitals Reserve and was mobilised when war broke out.

Sergeant Major J. P. Bent, R.A.M.C., has been mentioned in the despatches and awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for work done in connection with 21st Stationary Hospital, Salonica Force. Sergt.-Major Bent, was formerly the Superintendent of the Reddish Division and was mobilised with the Home Hospitals Reserve in August, 1914.

No. 5 District. N o t t i n g h a m . — A few weeks ago the Corps Supt. made an urgent appeal to form a Headquarters for the Corps.

A I D . —

167

The financial position of the Divisions is entirely satis factory, the funds in hand amounting in the aggregate to £ 4 1 1 «)s. id., although the Corps funds are entirely depleted. On March n t h a very interesting ceremony took place at the Guildhall when the Mayor of Nottingham publicly pre sented an up-to-date and fully equipped trailer to the Corps. The trailer was provided through the generosity of the Nottingham Special Constables. About 400 St. John’s officers and men were present at the ceremony. At the forthcoming “ Patriotic F a ir ” the Ambulance Station will be under the control of the Corps which will provide for a patrol throughout the whole of the two days. On February 14th, at a largely attended social gathering, Sergt. W. Milns, who has joined the Sanitary Corps of H.M. Forces, was presented by the members of the Carrington Division, of which he has many years been an extremely energetic, tactful, and business-like Secretary, with a wrist watch, Treasury Note wallet, and a sum of money. The pre sentation was made by the Divisional Supt. J. E. Collingham who paid fitting and well-merited tribute to the excellent work done by the retiring Secretary. Two of St.John’s Nurses have left Nottingham in response to an appeal for voluntary work in connection with the war. It was unanimously decided to submit the name of Mr Austin as a most suitable candidate for the responsible post of

A group of First A id Instructors to the Canadian Troops in the Toronto District. T h e y are all St. John ’s men. This appeal has met with a very gratifying result. Mr Smalley has most generoutly placed at the disposal of the Corps several rooms in a central part of the City (5, Chapel Bar) free of rent. These rooms have now been suitably equipped with office furniture, &c., and will greatly assist the useful development of the Corps. A room will be available for officers meetings. Other rooms will will be used for the storage of appliances and also as workrooms for the repair of artificial limbs for wounded soldiers, if and when required. The office will be open for the transaction of necessary business daily from 6— 8 p.m., when the Corps Supt. and Secretary may be interviewed. Miss Gibson is acting as clerk. Three new officers have recently been added to the staff, making a total of 48. During February there have been 37 accidents all of which were satisfactorily treated.

Corps Secretary to the annual meeting to be held at the Exchange Hall on March 29th. His Worship the Mayor will preside on this occasion, and it is hoped he will be supported by Lady Charles Bentinck - L a d y of Grace of the Order— and a iarge number of influential ladies and gentlemen.

No.

District.

Mr. George Robert Curry, District Inspector of Stores, No. 6 (Northern) District has been appointed an Hon. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. Ever since the early days of Ambulance work in Newcastle he has taken the keenness interest in the Movement. In 1901, he organised a section of first aiders to do ambulance duty at the Annual Temperance

— F I R S T

168

Festival at Newcastle, aud which section ultimately developed into the first S.J.A.B. Division in the City. He annually organised a First Aid Class in connection with same. From the classes organised by him, were formed five Divisions of the Brigade in Newcastle, which ultimately attained a member ship of 180. He has, at these classes, regularly assisted the lecturers as demonstrator, devoting practically all his leisure time to ambulance work under the Association and the Brigade. Since the formation of the Newcastle Centre, he has been a member of the local Committee. He is Secretary of the Management Committee of the Cambridge Hall, the Head quarters of Ambulance Work in the North of England. Originally Superintendent of the Newcastle-on-Tyne Division of the Brigade, he has successively been appointed Corps Secretary and District Superintendent of No. 6 (Northern) District, which appointment he still holds. Mr. Curry has done a good deal of propaganda work, visiting neighbouring towns and villages, assisting in the formation of Classes and Divisions of the Brigade. Until he enlisted through the Military Home Hospitals Reserve, he was Commandant of No. 9 Northumberland Voluntary Aid Detachment.

The By

A m b ulan ce

C la ss.

“ H A V E R S A C K , ” in The Boys' Brigade Gazette for March.

h e instructor of an Am bulance Class is like the policeman — his lot is not a happy one. I write with a certain amount of feeling because the sessional examination for badges has just been conducted among my own Boys by a local doctor. I learned on this occasion that there are many more things in our anatomy than had been dreamed of in my philosophy. Primarily that the subclavian artery pursues its course behind the scapula, secondarily some wonderful devices in the way of knots and bandages. As I remarked to the examiner, more in sorrow than in anger, it takes a very strong fellow to be a “ patient ” to an ambulance class. P robably it would be classed by an insurance company as a highly hazardous occupation. T his is the kind of thing which would deter a layman from attempting to institute such a class in his company. In the first place it is very difficult in some instances to get a class together, and very often a suitable lecturer is the chief need. Whenever possible, an old R .A .M .C . man is preferable to a doctor, as medical men who do not specialise in first aid work do not make their lectures sufficiently non technical in style for the class to understand, and use what the Boys describe as “ jawbreakers.” I must confess that this would not have occurred to me had it not been for some remarks let fall by boys of my own class, who had been attending as “ patients ” at lec tures under the auspices of the local V .A .D . T here is also a tendency to deal with the subject more from the anatomi cal and physiological side, which a layman is more likely to avoid. A further difficulty is found in the fact that a doctor is very largely the servant of the public, and if he is a busy man, is very often unable to get to the class owing to an emergency call. All this serves to encourage the lay man who is keen enough to study his subject and master the amount of technical detail involved. It is possible that he may be asked a good many questions which he is unable to answer, but most of which will be a little beyond the actual scope of his subject. It will, therefore, not be a matter for heartbreak if he cannot say off-hand what colour a

March, 1917.

AID. —

“ nigger goes when he faints,” which was an actual question put to me the other day. Beyond the rhetorical question, “ Can the Ethiopian change his skin,” I am entirely with out information on this point, and I shall be greatly delighted if some reader will take pity on me and lighten my darkness. M y only idea is that it is a grey green colour. Another remark on a point with which the text books do not deal, and which seems nevertheless soundly practical, was made to me by one of the class in a spirit of mischief. I asked him what he would do, first of all, on recovering the body of a person apparently drowned and before pro ceeding to apply artificial respiration. Quick as thought he replied, “ T a k e his false teeth out.” For the assistance of lecturers, the Brigade Executive publish a set of diagrams of gentlemen whose internal economy seems, as our photographing friends would say, rather over-exposed. Few of the pictures have any skin, while some are nothing but b o n e s ; others remind us of Kipps, who was faintly heard to murmur, under similar circumstances, “ Chubes ! Chubes ! ” as he gazed at an anatomical textbook. I do not propose to write of the value of first-aid training. Cynics have said that the chief use of a knowledge of first-aid is to teach the pupil when to leave the patient alone, while we all know the immortal story of the Boy Scout who was found applying artificial respiration to a man with a broken neck. I have known in my short experience a boy applying a bandage to his patienBs forehead by letting the patient remain standing and himself climbing on a chair. H e also treated a broken collat bone by tying a bandage tightly round the patient’s w a is t! At the same time evidence of the great value of the foundations laid in our B oys’ Brigade Ambulance Classes is not far to seek, and does much to encourage us in our work.

L ife

S a lo n ic a .

A c u r i o u s claim, arising out of the campaign in Serbia, came before Sir Lucius Selfe, the West London County Court Judge, on March 12th, when a man named Price sought to recover the sum of ^ 1 4 from the Allied Field Am oulance Corps, the Hon. Secretary of which was Mrs. Curttenden, of Scarsdale Villas, Kensington. T h e ambul ance corps, it appeared, was attached to the First Serbian Army, under the command of a Captain Whittworth, who stated in court that he received his instructions from Prince Alexis of Serbia. Price, who was a driver in the corps, was alleged to have thrown up his position while with the corps at Salonica, and he declared that he did so because he could not get any proper food, and the conditions generally were unbearable. Captain Whittworth told the judge that Price was very insobordinate, and, as regards the food, &c., it was no worse than what witness had been obliged to put up with on many a hunting expedition. “ Life at Salonica,” said the witness, “ is not particularly pleasant at the b e s t ; and, of course, in wartime one can’t expect a bed of roses.” His honour made an order in favour of the plaintiff for ^ 4 , the cost of clothing which he had incurred.

W hen corresponding w ith A dvertisers please m ention “ F irst Aid.”

March, 1917.

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

169

GAZETTE. —

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. M r. E. C. L o w e .

General

L etter

C o m m ittee M r . E. C. L o w e , whose portrait appears on this page, was born at Durban, Natal, and was educated at the Berea A cad em y and the Government High School, Durban. In September, 1889, he went to Johannesburg where he was Secretary to the Cham ber of Commerce, and later to the Chamber of Trad e for a period of 16 years. H e was elected

the

J o in t

C oun ty

V .A .D .

D ire c to r s .

a m instructed b y the Chairman of the Central Joint V .A .D . Committee to send you the following information : 1. It has been thought advisable that the War Service Bars— both for men and women— be issued in the future from 9, Victoria-street, in the case of R e d Cross and Territorial Detachments and from St. John ’s Gate in the case of St. John Detachments. All applications and enquiries should, in the future be addressed therefore to 9, Victoria-street, or St. John ’s Gate, and not to the Headquarters of the Joint V .A .D . C o m mittee, or to Devonshire House. Tn is does not apply to members serving in Military Hospitals: these should continue to apply to Devonshire House. 2. T h e ruling passed by my Committee, to the effect that a man should not be a member of a V .A .D . and the Volunteer Training Corps at the same time, should now, owing to the exigencies of the country, be relaxed, and County Directors are asked to encourage amicable relations between the two bodies, as far as possible. T h is method has already been found to work to the advantage of both the V .A .D . and the V .T .C . 3. T here is likely in the near future to be a great demand for more V .A .D . General Service members, especially motor drivers, cooks, dispensers, and clerks. County Directors are asked to recruit as freely as possible in order that when an appeal is made for these members we may be ready to meet it. T h e terms of Service for General Service members are under consideration and will probably be improved. 4. With reference to the Silver War Badge, I am asked to inform you that while it is immaterial whether the disability, on account of which military employment ceases shall have been contracted in or by Military Service, it is essential that it should render the member w ho applies for the badge, permanently unfit f o r Voluntary A i d Detachment duties. (Signed) L ouis P e a r s o n . Secretary.

M r . E. C. Low e. THE Hon. Sec. of the Transvaal Centre in 1912. His first two years of office were record years, in so far as the number of classes was concerned, owing to the issue of Government instructions with regard to the qualification of miners in first aid. Mr. Low e now devotes most of his time to the work of the Association, and his skill in financial and clerical organisation has been of great service in forwarding the interest of the Centre.

T h e Dublin Centre of the Association has been trans ferred into an Irish Centre to include the whole of Ireland except Ulster.

JO IN T

V.A.D . C O M M I T T E E ’S L E T T E R . Would you very kindly insert the follow ing explanation in your next issue,? With reference to par. 3 of my letter of January 30th in your last issue, I am asked to state, in order to avoid any misunderstanding, that my General Letter is published in the official journal of the British Red Cross Society, The Red Cross, as well as in F i r s t A i d a n d t h e S t . D ear

Joh n

S i r ,—

A m bu lan ce

G a ze t te .

The Red Cross is published on the 15th of each month, price 2s. post free. Orders for the same should be sent to the British Red Cross Society, 9, Victoria-street, S.W .— Yours faithfully, L o u is P e a r s o n , Secretary. The Editor, F ir s t A id a n d

t h e

S t . Joh n

A m bu la n c e

G a ze t t e .

‘ 7°

— F IR ST

A iD

THE

ST.

JOHN

T h e G r a n d P r io r y of t h e O rder of t h e H o sp ita l of S t . Jo h n of J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d .

AM BULANCE

Notes

A s Chaplain : The Venerable Ernest Harold Pearce, Archdeacon of West minster. A s K n ig ht of • Grace : John Frederic Symons-Jeune. A s Lady o f Grace : Elizabeth, Lady Thackeray (from Honorary Associate). A s E s q u ir e s : Alfred Murray-Gray, L.R.C.P. Lieut.-Colonel George Bradshaw Stanistreet, M.B., R.A.M.C. A s Honorary Serving Brothers : John Lomas. Sergeant-Major George Robert Curry, R.A.M.C. William Buckmaster. Louis Pearson. Charles William Bartholomew. Colonel William Simpson. A s Honorary Serving Sisters : Katherine Isabel, Miss Mylne. Edith Frances, Miss Crowdy. Lucy Mary, Mrs. Cane. Winifred, Mrs. Dakyns. F o r E nrolm ent as Honorary Associates : Captain John Wilson, R.A.M.C. Henry Hostache Phipps, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Sir Richard Augustine Studdert Redmayne, K.C.B.

S t . J-ohn A m b u l a n c e

B rig a d e O v ersea s.

S o u t h A f r i c a . — T h e Corps Supt. of the De Beers Corps of the St. John Am bulance Brigade Overseas, which consists of ten Am bulance Divisions and one Nursing Division, in reporting for the two years ended September 30th, 1916, says :— “ T h e 9th and 10th Mounted Brigades Field Am b u lan ce were composed almost entirely of members of the D e Beers Am bulance Corps, and wherever the members of the Brigades were stationed, nothing but praise of the manner in which they discharged their duties was heard. Whether as Hospital Orderlies, Sanitary Officers, or serving on hospital trains or ships, our members conducted themselves in such a way as to win the approbation of their superior officers. “ U po n the disbandment of the 9th and 10th Brigades, many of our members joined the Overseas or East Africa, and we have reason to believe that the good name they won in German South-West Africa and in various parts of the U n io n — where many of them were employed in connection with the suppression of the rebellion— they have retained. “ O f the Nursing Division, six ladies have gone on active service ; three serving in Military Hospitals Over seas, and three in Military Hospitals in the U n ion.”

the

O ld

March, 1917.

H o s p ita ls

t h e Order.* By

Chancery o f the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenw ell, London, E . C ., February 28th, IQ IJ. His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :—

G A Z E T T E .—

th e

L a te

R ev.

W. K. R. B E D F O R D ,

C h ap lain

th e

M.A .,

O rd er.

N o relics can be more interesting to Hospitallers than those connected with the special work and purpose of their institution. In this point of view we feel an interest even in those barren controversies which raged in bygone times as to the exact details of the foundation, dedication, and status of the original hospice at Jerusalem, soon we hope to have its work revived by judicious exertions, and are content to read pages of learned argument, o f which the folios of the last century are full, as to the claims of John Hyrcanus, Charlemagne, or the A b b o t of the Augustinian Convent of Naples to be the original founder; whether St. John Baptist or the Greek Bishop of Alexandria, known as John the Almoner, were its patron saint; and if Gerard, the first Grand Master, were a monk or a soldier. All these are matters of mere curiosity, but no detailed information is preserved concerning the actual manage ment of the hospitals at Jerusalem, at Acre, or at Rhodes, although we may be sure that they formed an important part of the daily routine of the Order at all these places. That in every place where the estates of the Knights of St. John were situated, some recognition of this, the special work of the Order, was made, is evident from many scattered indications, to one of which I may briefly refer on account of its curiosity. It is given by Paciaudus, from an inscription in the Church of St. James in Florence, and is an invocation to the Blessed Virgin and “ Messer St. Giovanni ” on the part of the “ poor afflicted in hands and feet,” a description by which, our author informs us, we are to understand the epileptics, whose malady was known in the 15th century by the name of the Disease o f St. John, and who wore his image as an amulet against the attacks of the terrible infirmity. Paciaudus, who wrote at R o m e in the middle of the last century, gives a legend ascribing the origin of the name to miraculous cures performed at Creteil, in France, but, with some acumen, remarks that the connection of St. John ’s name with the disease and the treatment was too widely diffused to have had its origin in so obscure a source. These, however, are questions of antiquarian specu lation rather than practical benefit. It is different when we shift our ground to Malta, where we have the actual buildings erected by the Religion for the care of the sick, and the details of the system adopted for the relief of the infirm and indigent preserved for our examination. A t first I was not able to piece together the scattered items of informa tion which presented themselves, but on my second visit to the island my former experience stood me in better stead, and I hope to be able to give something like a sketch of the charitable work of the Knights, and a brief descrip tion of the buildings. On the arrival of the Order at Malta in 1530 they found a hospital already in existence, at the ancient capital, Citta Vecchia. This was the institution now known as Santo Spirito, which, having been entirely rebuilt and remodelled by Grand Master Manoel de Vilhena, is still used as a civil hospital for a small number of patients. But its distance from the harbour was no doubt the reason why a new hospital was erected in the Vittoriosa, or Borgo * A Paper read before ;he General Assembly of the Order of St. John in 1 881.

March, 1917.

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

City, near the harbour and Fort St. Angelo. O f this build ing, now used as a nunnery, very scanty remains are pre served, the greater portion having been rebuilt in the last century. I have already noted the old doorway, where, though the arms have been hacked away, the introduction of the pomegranate into the ornamentation indicates a Spanish influence. But a curious relic exists in the ancient chapel, of which I am now able to quote a description from a Maltese magazine published nearly forty years ago. T h e architecture of the chapel is Lombard, remarkable for its elegance. Each capital is of distinct design, and a frieze of cherubs’ heads with interlaced wings surmounting them. T h e date, 1533, and the arms of Delisle Adam mark the

D is p e n s a r y

o f

t h e

GAZETTE.—

171

south eastern side of Valetta, close to the great harbour, from whence it is separated by a narrow public road and wall. T h e site is the lowest on that side on the town, and all the ground falls towards it.” During some excavations for the purpose of the sewerage scheme, while I was at Velletta, the workmen came upon a chamber or passage originally, no doubt, e x tending from below the hospital beneath the road to the beach, but afterwards cut off by masonry T his was a covered way to the sea, and was one of the advantages the original builders of the hospital proposed to themselves in the situation they chose. Unhappily the wind, to which the sea face of the hospital is exposed is the sirocco, whose

B r ig a d e

epoch, A picture in monochrome above the principal arch represents our Lord, armed with arrows, surrounded by angels; on one side the Blessed Virgin praying, Film iserere, on the other St. John Baptist, Christe miserere; behind them again figures of Enoch and Elijah, in profile kneeling. T he background is powdered with fleurs-de-lys, and below are two escutcheons, by one of which is the date, 1537. Soon after this time, however, in 1575, the hospital was transferred to the other side of the grand harbour, where, in close proximity to Fort St. Elmo, an unfortunate situation as to sanitary requirements, the building was erected. T h e Report of the Commission on Mediter ranean Barracks and Hospitals says : “ It is situated on the

AMBULANCE

H o sp it a l

F r a n c e .

enervating qualities are well known. Port St. Elm o shelters it from the healthy north and north-west winds, and, until the sewerage scheme which I have mentioned is completed, the drains of a great part of the town are discharged into the sea close to the building This is much to be regretted, as the great ward or hall is a superb monument of architectural skill. I was misled last year by one of the printed histories into understanding its length as 184 feet. It is in fact 530 feet in length inter nally, 34 ft. 10 in. wide, and 30 ft. 6 in. high— one of the grandest interiors in the world. T h e apartment at right angles also forms part of the same great hall, but is divided, as is the. hall itself, by party walls about 12 feet

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

high. All down the sea side of the apartment are little niches, one to every two beds, which, with the same strange disregard of the alphabet of sanitary science, were intended for latrines. T h e windows, until 1863, were very small, not giving more than one-fifteenth of the proportionate space to the cubic contents of the hall. T h e y were, more over, close to the roof, so that, as the report says, the wards are dark and dismal, besides being close, and the air always more or less stagnant, while there is nothing for the sick to look at, not even the sky, besides the dead walls and their sick comrades opposite, During the regime of the Knights I find that the walls were hung with tapestries, and that pictures by Matteo Pieti and others were also placed thereat certain times of the year. T o those who look at sanitation with the eyes of the 17 th century there is nothing but admiration to be given to the costly and lavish arrangements of the building, but unhappily our improved knowledge shows us the mistakes which were made with the best intentions. (T o be continued.)

V .A D. The

News.

foltew ing notes are k in d ly su pplied a n d edited by V .A .D . h ea d q u a rters D epartm en t op the Joint V .A .D . Committee an d w i l l appear m onthly u nd er the above heading.— E d i t o r .

Our members, who doubtless have read the important announcement in the Press of February 28th, concerning the increased employment of women with the armies in France, will be interested to learn that Devonshire House is in future to be shared by the War Office, as the H ead quarters of the projected new department. This organisa tion, to be known as “ T h e W om en ’s Arm y Auxiliary Corps,” is designed to replace men in various non-com batant corps, and its headquarters at Devonshire House will be styled, “ A.G . 11, War Office.” Colonel I.eigh W ood will be in cha'ge of this branch, with Mrs. Chalmers Watson assisting him as C h ief Comptroller of the W. A. A.C ., which will include several sections working under them, and always closely in touch wiih the organisation of the W om en ’s National Service Committee at St Erm in’s Hotel, Westminster. V . A . D work, that is, all work connected with the sick and wounded under the Geneva Convention, will remain, of course, in the charge of the Commandantin-Chief, Mrs. Charles W. Furse. T h e various other sections, each with its individual comptroller, will include cooks and waitresses, motor transport, clerks, etc., and miscellaneous workers, For general Army work. T h e rates of pay and main conditions of service are given in the Press in the announcement already referred to, and we desire to commend this clear call to any who may not hitherto have had the opportunity of giving service freely in their country’s need. * ■ * * With regard to the War Service Bar, it has been decided by the Central Joint V .A .D . Committee, that in future they shall be issued, not from Devonshire House, as stated last month, but from 9, Victoria-street, in the case of R ed Cross and Territorial Detachments, and from St. John’s Gate, in the case of St. John Detachments. All applications and enquiries should therefore be addressed as indicated. * * * T h ere is likely in the near future to be a great demand for more V . A D. general service members, especially

JOH N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

March, 1917.

motor drivers, cooks, dispensers, and good clerks, and we learn that the terms for such members are under considera tion, and are likely to be improved. W e trust there will be a ready response to the County demands for recruits for this branch of the service. T h e special appeal in the Press last summer, at a moment of extreme urgency, when the available reserves at Devonshire House were seriously depleted, and the needs of the War Office imperative, brought an immediate and magnificent response. From time to time complaints are heard regarding the length of time it takes to get a member posted after her papers have gone through and her name is on the Central Register for special or general service. This is often perfectly true in the slack months, when the requisitions from the authorities are comparatively free. T h o s e with some experience of such an organisation will realise how extremely difficult it is to regulate supply and demand ; and that it is absolutely necessary to have a reserve list of selected members for emergencies, even at the risk of keeping them from other permanent employment. *** T here is a matter on which we could wish to find more loyalty among certain members of Detachments, whose aim, in this respect, it should be to model themselves on the discipline and tradition of the Army. We refer to the habit, revealed, unfortunately somewhat frequently, in the Press cuttings that pass through our hands, of ventilat ing personal grievances concerning their work as V . A . D . ’s in the public Press. A n elementary sense of honour and fair-play should prevent any such breach of discipline. Complaints should be addressed to superiors, and it may safely be assumed that they will be fairly and justly con sidered. * * * T h e Red Cross contribution to the Roll of Honour is a sad and heavy one this month. On February 9th, Miss Margaret Agnes Stourton Langdale, London 98, of 45, Church-road, Barnes, S.W., died on service at Tidworth Military Hospital, and was buried with military honours at Tidworth Cemetery on February 12th. She had previously served for three months at Bedford, whence she was transferred to Tidworth on October 16th of last year. Miss Mary C. Dickson, a St. John Brigade member, of Shedhagh, Fahan, Derry, died in France, on service, on February 15th. She served at Cosham Military Hospital for thirteen months, and was at work in France from October 27th last till the day of her death. With full military honours Miss Constance Seymour a probationer of the Connaught Military Hospital, and youngest daughter of Lord Ernest Seymour, was recently buried at Aldershot. She had contracted spotted fever, and died after two days’ illness. Eight senior officers of the R .A .M .C . acted as bearers, and the gun-carriage was fol lowed by members of the nursing staff of the hospital and the R .A .M .C . T h e service was conducted by the Rev. Lord Victor Seymour, and by the Assistant-Chaplain General to the Forces. T h e fourth name we have to record with regret is that of Miss Doiis Page, who contracted measles and pnemonia, and was buried at Exmouth with military honours on Saturday, February 17th. She was the daughter of the late Colonel Page, who was killed accidentally in France. T o the bereaved families of these devoted women we desire to offer our most sineere sympathy. V During the four weeks ending February 27th, 454

March, >917

— FIRST

members have been posted allocated as follows !— A t H ome

AID

THE

from Devonshire

R ed C ross.

In Military Hospital Wards In Auxiliary Hospital Wards

St.J ohn.

ST.

Total

(6) A certificate showing the candidate to be competent in X -R a y work. (7) A course of instruction in Chemistry, sufficient to enable the candidate to take a post as a trained laboratory attendant. (8) References showing the candidate to be c o m petent as a telephone operator. (9) References showing the candidate to be an ex pert laundress.

102 13

... ...

280 50

25 —

.. ...

13 —

... ...

38 —

...

149

454

T h e total number of members now at work is 7,521, allocated as follows :— A t H o m e :—

In Military Hospital Wards General Service Wards ... I nAuxiliary Hospital Wards

R e d C ross.

S t .J o h n .

2,852 ... 262 ... 279 ...

1,997 ... 142 ... 141 ...

T otal.

4,849 404 429

919 ... 313 ...

523 ... 93 ...

1,442 406

A b r o a d :—

In Military Hospital Wards Under Joint Committee... Total

...

4,625 ...

2,896 ... 7,521

New applications numbering 441 for Nursing and General Service have been received during the past month.

Som e

S u g g e s t io n s

173

T otal.

... ...

3°5

G AZETTE.—

(5) T h e possession of the Certificates of the Apothecaries’ Hall or the Pharmaceutical Society.

178 37

...

AMBULANCE

House,

A b r o a d :—

In Military Hospital Wards Not inW ards ... ... Under Joint Committee, Nursing ... ... Under Joint Committee, Non-Nursing ... General Service Members in Military Hospital Wards ... ... General Service Members in Auxiliary Hospital Wards ... ...

JOHN

for t h e T r a in in g of

W o m e n ’s V .A . D e t a c h m e n t s in t h e F u tu r e . I t has been shown in the present war that women’s share in voluntary aid work in connection with military hospitals, auxiliary hospitals, hospital ships, rest stations, etc.,is o f a very varied character, and it has therefore been necessary in order to obtain elasticity to enrol members in Detachments with many different qualifications, and it has been neces sary frequently to waive the original sole qualification laid down by the War Office at the inception of the V . A . D scheme, namely, the possession of First A id and H o m e Nursing Certificates by any candidate before she could be considered for enrolment. It is suggested, therefore, that although the possession of First A id and H o m e Nursing Certificates is a desirable qualification, it be permitted to enrol candidates without these certificates, provided that they possess one or more of the under-mentioned qualifications :— (1) A course of training, not less than three months, in a General H o sp ita l: the candidates to show a satisfactory report of her work while there. (2) A course of instruction in a recognised school of Domestic Economy. (3) A certificate from a recognised school of Motoring. (4) A standard knowledge of Shorthand, T y p e writing and Book-keeping.

Members enrolled in Detachments who did not hold H o m e Nursing and First Aid Certificates would be expected to qualify in these subjects during their first year’s service. It is suggested that the civil hospitals be approached officially with a view to their admitting V . A. D. members for a short course of training annually, either in the Wards or Out-Patient Departments, or other departments connected with the special sphere of work for which they were volun teering. As regards work in the Wards, certain hospitals in London, namely— London Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, Royal Free Hospital, and others, have thrown open their Wards to V .A .D . members since December, 1910, and it is impossible to exaggerate the value of the experience thus gained when the present war broke out. T h e different hospitals have made different arrange ments, some hospitals taking the members into the Wards for a month at a time, others admitting them in the even ings on certain days, others taking them into their OutPatient Departments, Casualty Departments, Receiving Room, etc. In all cases the members have generally given satis faction, and the Matrons have written from time to time to the effect that they found them of real use and value. All members should be instructed in cookery, theo retical and practical. T h e y should be practised in cookery for large numbers under out-of-doors and camp conditions. T h e y should be instructed in sanitation and hygiene. Drill is important. T h e members should be instructed in simple drill, and where desirable in stretcher drill, being taught at the same time to improvise material they will need. In this connection it is interesting to note that before the war, it was considered that women were unsuitable for carrying male patients on a stretcher. With a view to testing this theory, visits have recently been paid to the Endell-street Hospital, staffed entirely by women, where all the stretcher work is carried out by women, T h e Com mandant of the hospital states that in no case has she found that this work has been prejudicial to the health of her stretcher bearers, who are not selected for any special qualifications as regards strength, but are carefully drilled in their duties before they are permitted to lift. Members proposing to undertake clerical duties should be made as familiar as possible with Arm y Forms and methods. It is suggested that Detachments be unlimited as to size, although originally twenty-five was laid down as a suitable number for a Detachment in this country. T h e strength of V .A . Detachments is now practically unlimited in this country.

— F I R S T

174 CONTENTS

TH IS

NUMBER.

E d it o r ia l —

Joint War Committee’s Finance ...

165

D ist r ic t R e po r t s —

No. 1 ; No. 3 ... No. 4 ; No. 5 ; No. 6 ... The Ambulance Class Life in Salonica T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e — M r . E . C . L o w ... ... ... ... ... G e n e r a l L e tte r o f the Jo in t V . A . D . C o m m itte e to the C o u n ty D ire cto rs ... ... ... V . A . D . N e w s ... ... ... ... ... T h e G r a n d P r io r y o f the O r d e r o f th e H o s p ita l of S t . J o h n o f J e r u s a l e m in E n g l a n d ... ... S t . J o h n A m b u l a n c e B r i g a d e O v e r s e a s ... ... N o t e s o n t h e O l d H o s p i t a l s o f t h e O r d e r ... ... S o m e S u g g e s t i o n s f o r t h e T r a i n i n g o f W o m e n ’s V . A . D e t a c h m e n t s in t h e F u t u r e . . . . ... ... Brevities ... ... ... ... ... ... C o l . R . J. B l a c k h a m , C . I . E . , D . S . O . ... ... ... W a lth a m s to w A m b u la n c e Station ... ... ... St. Jo h n A m b u l a n c e A s s o c ia tio n ... ... ... Am endm ents in, a n d A ltera tion s, tbe R u les and R e g u la tio n s o f the S .J .A .A . ... ... ... R ailw ay A m bulan ce ... ... ... ... F e ig n in g Illness ... „.. ... ... ... L e t t e r to th e E d i t o r ... ... ... ... ... I n d i a ’s R e d C r o s s S u p p o r t ... ... ... ... A F i r s t L e s s o n in F i r s t A i d ... ... ... ... Q u e r ie s a nd A n s w e r s to C o rre s p o n d e n ts ... ... F a t i g u e a n d its E f f e c t o n I n d u s t r y a n d E f f i c i e n c y ...

166 167 168 168 169 169 172 170 170 170 173 174 175 175 175 176 176 1 76 177 177 177 1 79 182

B revities. A r e a d e r calls our attention to an editorial on National Service which appeared in F i r s t A i d of October, 1910, in which we wrote— “ T h e millenium is, we fear, still a long way distant, and the restless activity in certain quarters must at times give those responsible for the safe guarding of our vast Empire serious concern, so that it may come to pass sooner than we anticipate.” This, of course, referred to the German menace, and it is curious it should come about so shortly afterwards. V A l e t t e r appears in this issue raising the question of an Am bulance Benevolent Fund. W e discussed this ques tion in our issue of December, 1912, when it was pointed out that we should like to see such a fund established ; for there are instances which come to our notice when financial aid by such a fund would relieve much distress and suffer ing. Unfortunately, at the present time, many brigade officers are away on service, and such a proposal cannot be discussed. ** * A n o t h e r instance of the marvels of surgery during the war is provided in the case of the son of Mr. J. O ’Grady, M.P ., chairman of the General Federation of Trade Unions, who was severely wounded some months ago. It was necessary to take one of his arms off, and the surgeon re sponsible for the operation cut some bone out of the ampu tated limb, put the arm on again, sewed the tendons together, and now the arm is so well, says the Central

A I D

—

March, 1917.

News, that the patient can use it, and is able to lift a cup of tea slowly to his mouth. The difference between the two arms is that the injured one is about 2J in. shorter than the other. _***

Mr. Foster, speaking in the House of Commons on March ist, said :— “ The system of utilising the services of members of the Voluntary Aid Detachments had been highly successful. These ladies served abroad in large numbers. They were highly appreciated by the general body of the nursing profession. The system of voluntary aid hospitals had been invaluable in linking up the military medical system with the large body of sympathetic workers amongst the civil population, and he was glad to take that opportunity of saying how deeply indebted they were for the assistance they had received. V the German threat to torpedo the hospital ships of the Allies— based on the false assertion that they were used to transport troops or munitions— was made known, the matter was at once taken into consideration by the Joint War Committee of the R ed Cross War C o m mittee. As a result of that consideration, the Marquis of Lansdowne, as chairman of the Council of the British R ed Cross Society, and on behalf of the Joint War Committee, addressed the following letter to tha President of the Inter national Committee of the Red Cross at G e n e v a :— “ A great feeling of indignation and horror has been aroused W hen

throughout the world, and especially amongst the thousands o f men and women who, under the flag of the R ed Cross, are devoting the whole of their time and energies to the alleviation of the sufferings of the victims of war, by the recent German threat to sink the hospital ships of their enemies. In anticipation that such a feeling is shared to the full by the International Committee, of which you are the President, the Council of the British R ed Cross Society desires to bring this serious matter officially before you, in order that such action may be taken by the International Committee as may enforce before the world its adherence to the principles of humanity and of mercy to the helpless embodied in the Geneva Convention of 1906, which it has ever been the privilege of your Committee to uphold.” *** A s a result of a deputation of the Central Joint V .A .D . Committee to the Director-General of National Service, an arrangement has been made whereby no member of a Voluntary A id Detachment, male or female, will be called up for service under the National Service scheme, without the Drrector-General of National Service having first con sulted the County Director. As Mr. Chamberlain realises the national importance of the work, no steps will be taken which will interfere with the efficiency or effectiveness of the arrangements made by the V . A . D . ’s as the Medical Unit of the Territorial Force Association, acting under the instruction of the War Office, in the event of invasion or in connec tion with the work in hospitals on behalf of the sick and wounded.

March, {1917.

C o lo n e l

R. J.

— F I R S T

AID. —

W a lth a m s to w A m b u lan ce S ta tio n .

B l a c k h a m , C.I.E., D.S.O.

O p e n in g by

work in India during the past f e w years has made remarkable progress, due to those pioneer workers who guided and directed it on the right lines. Amongst these men is Colonel Blackham whose portrait we re produce above. H e is a Commissioner o f the S.J.A.B .

*75

H . R .H . P r i n c e s s

A rth u r

o f

C o n n au g h t.

A m b u l a n c e

C o l.

R. J. B l a c k h a m , C .I.E ., D.S.O.

and was sole founder and for five years the Editor of the Indian Ambulance Gazette. H e is also the author of the “ India Manual of First A id ,” and “ Indian Hom e Nursing,” which are the official text books of the Association in India. Colonel Blackham was responsible for the ambulance arrangements at the Viceregal State Entry Delhi, 1912, and he received the thanks of the Secretary of State and Government of India for his services at the attempted assassination of the Viceroy. Colonel Blackham is a Barrister-at-Law of the Middle Temple, also a member c f the College of Physicians and a fellow of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons. H e has seen considerable service in the field and is at present on service being A .D .M .S . c f a Division, and for his services he was recently awarded the D.S.O.

W hen corresponding w ith A d vertisers please mention “ F irst Aid ’ ’

opening of the Walthamstow Am bulance Station marks a new departure of the No. 1 District of the Bri gade, for it is the first of its kind and will no doubt be the forerunner of others in the Metropolitan area. Supt. A. Blum, of the Division, was the originator o f the scheme to provide a permanent headquarters for the district, and with the help of an energetic committee he has been able to collect all the funds necessary for the erection of the build ing. T h e keynote of the planning of the new station is compactness, and the whole conception is marked by sim plicity and dignity, and founded on the practical ex perience of the Walthamstow Division. T h e scheme has been well thought out, and it is one which might readily serve as a model for structures of a like character. T h e building comprises a casualty room, with dis pensary and other attachments ; on the right, the approach to the lecture hall, the men’s duty room and appurtences. T h e entrance is spacious, and will be available for standing a motor ambulance. Leading from the casualty room is the nurses’ duty room, with attachments of a domestic character. From the nurses’ room there is a private stair way to the lecture hall on the first floor. This hall is also approached, as previously referred to, from the main entrance by a handsome oak staircase. Immediately con nected with the hall is the administrative office. T h e opening ceremany was performed by H . R . H . Princess Arthur o f Connaught on March 5th, who, upon arrival at the railway station was received by the chairman and members o f the Urban District Council. A t the Am bulance Station a Guard of Honour was formed of the members of the Am bulance and Nursing Divisions. After the opening ceremony H . R H. was conducted over the building, displaying a lively interest in the details. Amongst those present were Mr. W. R. Edwards, Secre tary of the Order of St. John, and Mr. W. H. Morgan, Deputy Commissioner or the Brigade Overseas. T h e Station will be open both day and night and maintained by the efforts o f the members, who treated over 4,000 cases of accident and illness last year, in addition to those on public duty. Supt. Blum has kindly intimated that he will be pleased to show any member of the Brigade over the Station. T he

The

St.

John N ew

A m b u lan ce I r is h

A s s o c ia tio n .

C entre.

T h e Council of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem has approved of the formation of an Irish Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, which includes the provinces of Leinster, Munster, and Connaught. T h e Irish Centre replaces the old Dublin Centre, but has extended powers to enable ambulance work to be developed and controlled from an Irish headquarters, instead of through St. John’s Gate, as heretofore. T h e Irish Centre will also conduct a Stores Department for the sale of Association requisites. All communications which were previously directed in the Dublin district to the Dublin Centre, and in the country to St. John’s Gate, must now go through the Irish office. A General Committee of Management of which the

176

— F I R S T

Earl of Meath, K .P ., is President, and Viscouut Iveagh, K .P ., Sir H e n r y Arthur Blake, G .C .M .G ., and Mr. Justice Ross, P . C . , are Vice-Presidents. It is hoped that this will form the nucleus of a great great Irish Am bulance Centre to continue after the war. T h e Director-General of the Joint V .A .D ., Dr. Lumsden, is making immense effort to ensure success. H

eavy

oollen

entre.

T h e annual meeting of the Centre was held at Batley A m b u la n c e Station on February 19th. Lieut, and Quarter master C . Thornes, of Dewsbury, in presenting his annual report as secretary, said the President (Major P. B. Walker) was serving in France, and his sister, Miss H. H. Walker, had undertaken to sign all certificates in his absence. During the year further members of the Centre had enlisted in the R o ya l Naval Sick Berth. In the course of the year the centre had had 42 classes and two re-examinations, with very good results. The Centre had a good balance in hand, and as there had been many calls to assist patriotic funds, and most of the vicepresidents were on active service, the latter were not asked this time to subscribe. T h e examination fees had also been reduced (5s.), but, notwithstanding, a small profit had been made. T h e officers were elected en bloc, as follows :— Presi dent, Major P. B. Walker ; vice-president, Lieut.-Col. L e e ; chairman, Major C r i t c h l e y ; treasurer, Mr. Bert L ee (manager, Lancashire and Yorkshire B a n k ) ; secretary, Lieut, and Quartermaster C. Thornes. O n the motion of Mr. W. Ledgard, seconded by Mr. T. H . W hiteley (Birstall), Major Walker, Lieut.-Col. Lee, Mr. Fowler, and the secretary were appointed an Advisory Committee.

F e ig n in g

Illness.

article appeared in the Globe recently, by an “ M .D .,” dealing with the various attempts at times made to dodge or to obtain military advantage by malignering. “ T h e ‘ Skrimshanker ’ is a tradition,” he writes, “ left over by the old Regular Army, and there have been suffi cient links between the old and the new to carry it on. As one who has had a large and varied experience of the geDus, it may not be out of place to describe a few of his stock methods, and further to offer some hints to the embryo. “ First of all, let me say that lumbago, the ancient and time-honoured raison d ’etre for getting a few days off duty, is utterly played out. T h e hardened M.O . regards that word on a sick report with the utmost scepticism, and, moreover, to act the part needs far more skill than the average recruit possesses. Y o u must wince with pain at the proper m o m e n t; this is a sine qua non. T here is also a very effective trap for lumbagoists. T n e M.O . listens to you with almost a bedside manner ; he is sympathetic and kindly, and even suggests hospital. N o hint of incredulity betrays itself on his features ; you are disarmed. As you turn to go, however, he clumsily drops something at your feet, a stethoscope or some coins perhaps. In courtesy you bend down and pick them up. T h is is fatal and betrays you ; his manner changes from that of a courtly physician to one more reminiscent of the chief mate of an Atlantic tramp. Y o u r report is marked ‘ D , ’ and you go back a sadder and wiser man.”

AI D

—

March, 1917.

Jtailwag Ambulance. N.E.Ry.— T h e half-yearly meeting o f the NorthEastern Railway Centre of the S.J .A.A . was held in the Railway Institute, York, on Feb. 24th. Mr. F. Penty presided. T h e general secretary reported that during the last half-year thirteen classes had been formed, including those at Crossgates and Milford Junction. “ W e hope,” he said, “ to have a large number of women workers taking up ambulance work when the nights are lighter, as owing to the darkness during the winter months they do not care to come out after their duties are finished, but it is important that owing to the large number of women workers em ployed, that as many as can possibly do so should qualify to render first aid.” N . L . R y . — A t Bow Station, after the re-examination on Feb. 2 ist, Dr. Toland, the examiner, was asked on behalf of the members of the class to present Mr. F. W. Cox, hon. secretary of the Ambulance Centre, with an umbrella as a token of their appreciation of his services for the past seven years. Mr. Cox, previous to taking up the secretaryship, was an active member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Prince of Wales’s Corps. Dr. Toland said it gave him much pleasure to make the presentation , he was glad to know that such pleasant relations existed on the railway, such a condition of affairs was needed more than ever at the present time, and he felt sure that when our gallant fellows returned from serving with the colours they would be able to speak from experi ence of what good work that had been done by those who had studied and practised first aid. Mr. Cox, in replying, thanked all concerned. T h e presentation had come as a great surprise, he would always prize it as a gift from worthy men who, with no hope of reward, used some of their spare time in making themselves efficient in ambulance work. H e was pleased to know the men appreciated his efforts on their behalf, and with their continued co-operation the ambulance movement would still continue to prosper, he asked them to continue their good work.

A m e n d m e n t s in, a n d

Additions, t o t h e

R u les a n d R e g u la tio n s of t h e S .J .A .A . Am bulance Committee has decided :— 1. Subject to the strict observance of the existing rule which provides that the medallion may not be obtained within a less period than one year— the regulation with regard to twelve months elapsing between second and subsequent exami nations shall be withdrawn and the following substituted— “ N o candidate may obtain more than one award in any particular subject between the ist of January and the 31st December in any one year.” T h e provisions of Paper 62 will be altered accordingly. 2. T o accept the result of Brigade re-examinations carried out on B.F. 11 as qualification for the awards of the Association. T h e B.F. 11 now issued is about to be revised. In future this form will be prepared in triplicate, the third copy being forwarded direct to the C hief Secretary for filing in the records of the Association. The

March, 1917.

— F I R S T

Th is regulation will not apply to units of the St. John Am bulance Brigade Overseas unless and until sanction is given for such procedure by the Committee of the local Centre of the Association. (Signed) VV. O. Pritchard, C h ie f Secretary, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell. March, 1917.

177

AID. —

Setters to the Sditor. IVe

a re

w ay

sta tem e n ts

resp o n sib le / o r th e

m a d e , by

AM BULANCE

I n d ia ’s

Red

Cross

Support.

T h e Indian Council of the St. John Am bulance Associa tion in their R ed Cross Report to the end of June, 19 16 , again refer to the remarkable record of work accomplished by the various voluntary aid associations working under Their Excellencies Lady Carmichael, in Bengal, Lady Pentland, in Madras, and Lady Willingdon, in Bombay, as well as those under Lady O ’Dwyer, in the Punjaub, Lady Meston, in the United Provinces, Lady Earle, in Assam, and L ad y Robertson in the Central Provinces. T hey ex press their thanks to Sir Archdale Earle, Chief Commis sioner of Assam, and to Sir Edward Gait, the LieutenantGovernor of Bihar and Orissa, for their generous contribu tions to the Association’s War P'und. T h e report con cludes :— “ Many other names might worthily here follow, but the list would be a very long one, and the Indian Council can only appeal to one and all to kindly accept the assur ance of their sincrest thanks for their loyal and patriotic support to the Association throughout the past two years. T h e confidence with which the Fund was launched has been more than justified and no doubt whatever is enter tained that the provision for the future will be equally bountiful. “ T h e services of the late Colonel T. H. Hendley, I.M.S., Inspector General of Civil Hospitals, Punjab, who kindly undertook the office of Chairman to the Executive Committee during the brief absence on other duty of the Honourable Surgeon General Sir Pardey Lukis, Director Ganeral of the Indian Medical Service, are acknowledged with much appreciation by the Indian Council. “ Similar acknowledgment is due to Captain Wallis for his valuable advice and assistance generally in the control of the Association’s Motor Ambulance Department at Bombay, which of late has assumed such important dimensions, to Mrs. Mathew, late Lady President of our War Gifts Depot at Bombay, to Major Walter, I.M.S., Commandant of the St. John Am bulance War Hospitals at Dehra Dun and Mussoorie, for his masterly conduct of these successful institutions, aided as he has been so stead fastly by Mrs. Walter and to Lieutenant-Colonel Jay Gould, I.M.S., our capable representative in Mesopotamia. To these and many others from whom considerable assistance has come to us from time to time, the Indian Council record with much pleasure their deepest obligations. “ T h e Indian Council again desire to record their high appreciation of the services of the Acting General Secretary, Mr. W. G. A. Hanrahan, who during the past 13 months has not absented himself from his labours for a single day, and whose office hours have of necessity been both long and trying.”

S c o t t s , L t d . — In connection with the notice which was published in our last issue, we regret we stated that Messrs. Scotts, Ltd., pack in wooden boxes to be sent to Expeditionary Force Hospitals all articles enumerated in their catalogue at 2s. post free, this should be 3s.

o p in io n s

C o rre sp o n d e n ts . —

e x p re ssed , or the

E d ito r, E t c .

BEN EVO LEN T

FUND.

D ear S i r , — T h r e e or fou r y e a r s a g o yo u ra ise d the q u e s t i o n o f a n A m b u l a n c e B e n e v o l e n t F u n d in y o u r v a l u a b l e jou rn al F i r s t A i d . In N o . 6 D is t r ic t th e m a t t e r w a s d i s c u s s e d in c o n f e r e n c e , b u t t h e p r o p o s a l d i d n o t r e c e i v e a f a v o u r able recep tio n , a n d after a b rie f d iscu ssio n the m a tte r w a s dropped. I s h a l l b e p l e a s e d to r e c e i v e t h e v i e w s o f a n y o f m y c o o f f i c e r s in t h e N o . 5 D i s t r i c t r e s p e c t i n g t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a f u n d o f th is d e s c r i p t i o n . — I a m , S i r , y o u r s , & c . , W. L edgard. Ravensthorpe.

F ir s t By

L e ss o n

CH ARLES PHELPS

F ir s t

Aid.

C U SH IN G

in a flash that little tragedy came back to me. “ It’s a story you wouldn’c care to print,” the a m b u lance surgeon was saying. “ Before we could get here the child was dead. If the mother had known what to d o — simplest sort of emergency treatment— she could have saved her baby’s life.” Then he scowled under his bushy eyebrows as he finished : “ Instead of fussing around with Browning and S hake speare, why don’t these women learn something about first aid ? ” When I recall that tragedy or hear of others in a class with it, knowledge of emergtncy care of the injured or ailing appears to be a matter of such grave importance that it ought to be included in everybody’s education. Happily, knowledge of first aid is much more wide spread to-day than it was ten years ago when that am bu lance surgeon of our story indignantly demanded to know the reason why women didn’t learn something about the subject. Women are learning something about it. All over the country groups of them have been educating them selves in the principles of first aid work through text-book study, lecture courses and viewing “ demonstrations.” Study of a text book, backed up with attendance at half a dozen or more lectures given by a medical man who knows how to translate scientific knowledge into everyday English usually furnishes sufficient instruction in the essentials of the work. For first aid means nothing more than this— the immediate care of the injured or ailing. A New Y o rk surgeon who has been giving authorised lectures for the American R e d Cross on first aid is the chief source of information for the material set forth in this article. Our expert’s first instructions to his students, most of whom have been women, are not highly technical. First of all he makes it clear that what he is trying to teach them is simply the proper method of procedure in emergency treat ment. T h e y are not to suppose themselves doctors— they are only physicians pro tem until a trained medical man can arrive on the scene. T h ou g h their work is sometimes a matter of life or death importance, they should never forget that the fir s t thing to do in a real cat'- o f emergency is to send fo r professiotial aid. A ll

178

—

f i r s t

But they must do something themselves —and imme diately. T o the best of their ability they should, as soon as possible, find out what sort of case they are dealing with : they must, for example, be very sure of the nature of a person’s injuries before they attempt to move him— particu larly in cases of fracture, where a well-meaning attempt to make the patient more comfortable may result in turning a simple fracture into a compound one. O f course, it is a first duty to make the patient as com fortable as possible, pending the doctor’s arrival. A good rule to keep in mind is that the position of greatest ease usually is the one the patient adopts himself. D o not attempt to make him stretch out into a position which may add greatly to his discomfort. Som ebody has to be boss of the job. It it devolves upon you as the most competent person on the spot to take charge, assume the whole responsibility and see to it that there are not three or four captains, conflicting orders, and confusion. I f you happen to be dealing with a street accident, have your helpers keep back the crowd so that the patient can get air. Rem em ber that your task usually is not a complicated one, and that if you are to get anything accom plished you must keep cool-headed. D o not waste time fussing around with the <=ort of things that sympathetic crowds are so solicitous to provide. T o splash water over an unconscious person’s face is a waste of time and energy, and usually results in a needless soaking of the victim’s clothing. Busy yourself instead in loosening his collar or whatever may be binding at the waistline— this is work worth while. D o not pillow the head or hold it up unless the face hnppens to be flushed. I f the face is pale, don’t raise the head from the level of the ground ; it will serve the purpose better to raise the middle of the body than the head. In such case, the blood should be stimulated to flow to not away from the head. D o not allow the sight of a swoon or of a bleeding cut to get you excited. A fainting spell is nothing to worry about— nobody dies of swooning. Nor do many persons in unembattled America bleed to death. D on ’t get excited ; get busy. Whether you ask for it or not, volunteers will soon be on hand with some brandy or whiskey. Now there are times when alcoholic drinks are useful, but to administer them as a universal prescription is folly. T hese are really as unnecessary for every case, as would be the application of splints to the leg of every injured man. T h e y should never be given in injuries of the head, and it should be remembered that while a small quantity of liquor acts as a stimulant, large quantities are depressing. I f you have it, always use aromatic spirits of ammonia(best given in half-teaspoonful doses in one-half a glass of hot water) as a stimulant in preference to any alcoholic liquor. H o w about a drink of water? If the injured person asks for it, give it to him, but even then do not pour it down his throat impetuously. A n d never try to force a drink of any kind upon a person who is unconscious. It will run into his windpipe and choke him. If he isn’t conscious he can’t swallow it. Loosen, remove or cut tight clothing, but use a little common sense about that too. I f blood is flowing, get at the source of the cut as quickly as possible ; you must see what you are doing. If you have to take a knife or a pair of scissors and rip the clothing up a seam. A certain amount of shock— which is to say, “ A more or less profound depression of the nervous system ” — usually accompanies injuries. But the amount of shock is not always in proportion to the extent of these injuries. As

a i d

. —

March, 1917

Colonel L yn ch points out, in certain sensitive types, more shock will follow a slight injury than will be caused by a severe one in cases where the patient is not particularly sensitive. T h e Red Cross text-book advises the first-aider not to allow an injured person to see his own injury, “ as this is apt to increase shock. This is especially true with severe bleeding.” Another important warning is appended later :— “ While shock is so extremely common in injuries that it should always be kept in mind and treated, it should not be forgotten that something more dangerous even than shock may require attention. T h e symtoms of severe bleeding are very like shock, and if shock only is treated in such a case and the bleeding is not stopped the patient may bleed to death.” In shock the face is pallid. Recall the rule for such cases and do not raise the head. T h e case is one requir ing warmth and quickened circulation. A s soon as you have sent for a doctor— the first duty— set to work. T h e book describes the following treatm ent:— “ First place injured person on back with head low so that plenty of blood will enter brain. “ Stimulants should always be given if he is able to swallow. H o t coffee, hot tea, or half a teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in half a glass of water. Whiskey may be the only stimulant procurable. If used, give one large drink only, as more is likely to cause depression. Ammonia or smelling salts to nose help when procurable. “ Never remove more clothing than necessary from an injured person as this will cause more severe shock, and wben possible spread coats or blankets over him. “ Place hot water bottles or hot bricks around him when p ossible; flannels wrung out in hot water applied to abdomen and chest have the same effect. R ubbing arms and legs toward body, under blankets, quickens circulation of the blood and is useful. Be careful while doing this not to uncover and injure person.” Other symtoms of shock besides pallor are a skin cold and covered with cold sweat, drooping eyelids and eyes dull, with the pupils large. “ T h e injured person is more or less stupid and takes no interest in anything happening near him. May be partially or totally unconscious or mind may wander. Usually he lies perfectly quiet and will not move unless disturbed. Breathing is feeble and shallow. Pulse rapid and weak.” Only in rare instances will the person administering first aid find a pulse below the normal. Nearly always the beat will be high and fluttering— much above the average count of 72 a minute. Sometimes it may be nearly twice the normal and extremely faint. Where there is nausea, turn the patient on his side to guard against the danger of choking. It is well to keep in mind another warning, too— this is in connection with the external use of heat as a stimulant. Heat employed in this way is so valuable in certain emer gences that, as the text-book observes, “ every student should know how to make use of it. T h e ordinary hotwater bag is most convenient for this purpose, but glass bottles and jars are good. T h e y should be covered with cloth or paper to prevent them from burning the patient. H ot bricks and stones are also useful. In using heat in this way it should be remembered that especially with an unconscious person, there is considerable danger of causing severe burns, so one must make sure by testing the bottle, etc., on his arm or face, that it will not burn even if it left in contact with the skin for some time,” A n d then cold may be utilised with effect in first aid

March, 1917.

— F I R S T

work. Its first great advantage is in reducing the tempera ture of the body in sunstroke, it is used, in contracting blood-vessels locally and in stimulating respiration or breath ing. Is it not strange that the two opposites— cold and heat— as Colonel Lynch shows, should have the same effect on blood-vessels ? C old is really preferred to heat to prevent swelling after an injury. “ Ice bags, cold water running from a tap, cold water in a basin or pail, or cloths rung out in cold water are generally used. “ Everybody knows that on jumping into water or on being struck by a stream of cold water, he involuntary takes a deep breath. This effect of cold is taken advantage of to cause breathing to start when it has stopped or to quicken and deepen it if it is slow and shallow. For this purpose cold water should be sprinkled on the face.”— From the U .S .A . R ed Cross Magazine.

Queries and Answers Correspondents.

Queries w ill be dealt w ith under the follow in g rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Queries m ust be m arked on the top left ha nd corner of

the envelope " Q u e r y ”

a n d addressed— F

ir st

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46, Cannon-street, L on d on , E . C . 2 .— A l l Q ueries m u st be accompanied by a “ Q uery Coupon ” cut 4rom the curren t issue of the J o u rn a l, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. }■— Q ueries, accompanied by stamped answ ered by post.

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L. H. (Aldgate) asks :— (1) What is the precise reason for with holding emetics with Corrosive Poisons ? (2) Corrosive Sublimate is classed as one of the poisons which, if taken internally, requires an emetic. If this poison is a corrosive, why give an emetic? If it is not, why is it called “ Corrosive” Sublimate ? (1) In the treatment of Poisoning, the administration or withholding of an emetic depends on the condition of the stomach, of which the lips and mouth o f the patient provide suggestive signs. Thus, if an emetic is given in Corrosive Acid Poisoning, fatal Collapse may be brought about by (i) the local effects of the poison on mouth, throat, stomach and bowel, (li) the perforation of the stomach wall as a sequel to the act o, vomiting, and (iii) the consequent precipitation of the poison and stomach contents into the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, with Corrosive Acids and Alkalies emetics are withheld. (2) Corrosive Sublimate (otherwise known as Perchloride of Mercury and Mercuric Chloride) is emphatically a corrosive poison. Its action, however— compared with the Corrosive Acids and Alkalies— is slower in onset and less intense in effect. Thus, with the former, ulceration of the stomach is rarely seen; with the latter it is a common occurrence and often accom panied by perforation. For these reasons, therefore, it is both essential and also safe to administer an emetic at the earliest moment, although the doctor must exercise his discrimination in the use of the stomach-pump.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

W. S. H. (Abercarn) writes At an inquest on a Paddington carman, who was thrown into the street through a collision between his van and a motor lorry, the doctor said that the patient, although seriously injured, refused either to see a doctor or go to hospital. He walked h a lf a mile home, and died next day. The doctor added that the man had frac tures of skull, ribs and spine, with injured lungs.

AID. —

179

Now we are told (1) in Cantlie that a fracture of the spine causes complete or partial paralysis of the parts below the fracture, and in Warwick and Tunstall that the patient would be unable to move his legs. Also (2) there would be internal haemorrhage from the injured lungs. W ould it be possible for a man with such injuries as described to accomplish this, seeing it is a direct contradic tion to what we are taught in our text books ? The Query appears facetious, because W. S. H. first slates that the patient walked home and then asks if he could walk home. Further, if it does not actually question the accuracy of the medical evidence, it certainly bristles with inaccuracies and demonstrates carelessness in study of the Text books, which are here quoted and italicised for emphasis. (1) Catitlie (p. 45) reads “ displacement o f the fragments, whereby the spinal cord and the nerves may be torn, causing paralysis, etc.” Warwick and Tunstall (p. 122) are less defi nite, but preface their statement with “ usually complicated with injury to spinal cord and nerves.” In other words, unless the spinal cord or nerves are involved there can be no paralysis, and a patient can move his legs and even walk. (2) If the lungs are injured, then there would certainly be internal hiemorrhage ; but its effects depend partly on the quantity of blood escaping from the blood vessels and partly on the rate of escape. If, however, a small quantity is con stantly escaping, then it will in time produce the same result as a large quantity which is rapidly lost. The same applies to the fractured skull, which, being a closed cavity, also provides a site for internal hmmorrhage. In other words, the signs and effects of internal haemorrhage may be delayed. This man, therefore, was able to walk home because (i) the fractured skull was not accompanied by a grave injury to the brain or by haemorrhage within the skull producing rapid onset of compression of the brain, (ii) the fragments of the fractured spine did not injure or exert pressure on the spinal cord, and (iii) the fractured ribs did not penetrate the lungs and cause profuse hiemorrhage. His death next day was probably due to coma, secondary to the compression of a slow but progressive hiemorrhage into the brain as the direct result of the fractured skull. In conclusion, the case affords an object lesson of the need for discrimination in diagnosis and treatment, and also of the potential dangers of all Head and Spinal injuries.— N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r .

M. N. L. (Cheetham Hill) asks for information as to how the roller bandage should be applied in the various cases of fractured limbs. The S.J.A.A. Manual on Home Nursing (p. 150) sets out clearly the General Rules and Methods for use of the roller bandage. These are applicable to the fixation o f splints no less than to the control of dressings. The splinted limb, however, provides “ a part of uniform thickness,” and all three Methods are available. In practice, however, the Reverse is usually adopted with the alternative of the Figure-of-eight, the objection to the latter being that it requires an extravagant quantity of bandage.— N. C o r b e t F le tc h e r .

L. G. (Somewhere in France) returns thanks for the article on “ First Aid Outfits,” and remarks that as Medical Officer's Orderly he is sometimes compelled to overstep the bounds of First Aid. He wants to know (1) an easy way of mak ing an embrocation, (2) the best treatment for boils, which he says, are very prevalent and which he usually foments with hot antiseptic lotion, then squeezes free of all matter, next paints with iodine, and finally covers with plain lint! He also sends (3) a list of drugs concerning which he asks information. (1) Embrocations or liniments are applications containing oil or spirit, and are usually intended for rubbing into the skin. Most of them contain camphor, many contain olive oil, some contain alcohol or glycerine. A useful emergency em’broca

i8o

— F I R S T

tion is made by mixing equal parts of olive oil and turpen tine. (2) Boils are local infections of the skin by germs. They are often associated with some interference with the circulation, e.g., a starched collar tightly constricting the neck. In the early stage they are often aborted completely by removing any source of irritation or constriction and by covering up with collodion or adhesive plaster, especially belladonna plaster which will soothe the pain. In the later stage when matter is about to be formed, then the repeated application of hot anti septic fomentations— e.g., boracic (saturated), perchloride of mercury (1 in 4,000)— are most satisfactory, with or without the addition of a sedative, e.g., laudanum (one teaspoonful to A pint). Squeezing of the boil is not to be commended, but the application of iodine is excellent treatment. Lastly, .rest for the part is necessary, as with all inflammation. (3) The list of drugs includes some very potent poisons which should not be used except under the Medical Officers’ supervision and instruction, and which obviously cannot be discussed in these columns. — N. C o r b e t F le tch e r.

W. H. S. (Finchley) asks :— (1) Is it correct in Competition to place boards on a stretcher before placing thereon a patient with a fractured pelvis ? (2) In Competition, is it correct in the treatment of Shock to give hot tea with a spoon, or with an invalid drinking cup, i f available! I presume that the tea should not be taken from the ordinary cup. (1) The addition of boards to a regulation stretcher is totally unjustifiable and should not be adopted. They may, however, be as useful and necessary for a sagging, improvised stretcher, as they are for a bed which yields too freely to the weight of the patient. T o this end they serve to steady the patient and prevent jolting. (2) Yes. The difficulties of administering fluid from an ordinary cup to a recumbent patient are overcome by using a teaspoon or a feeding cup, the “ Id e al” cup being more serviceable than the “ T ea p o t” variety. In Competition you must emphasise your “ i f availablef and name the feeding cup only if its use is consistent with the supposed circumstances of the case. For further particulars refer to Efficiency in F irst A id , p. 102.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

March, 1917.

Alt). —

Your “ of course” is too emphatic, and is not justified by Cantlie’s Manual, which recommends Laborde’s Method in special circumstances and for suffocated children. Re-read p. 126.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

L. P. (Aldgate) asks with reference to Scalp Wounds— (1) Are there any special dangers ? (2) Is it safe to dress such a wound with Tincture of Iodine ? (1) As with all wounds (see Why and Wherefore in FirstA id , p. 37) the dangers are Hmmorrhage, Shock, and Inflam mation, the last-named being especially urgent with Scalp Wounds, partly owing to the anatomy of the scalp and partly owing the risk of infection spreading inside the skull. (a) Under these circumstances most careful antiseptic pre cautions (cleansing wound, cutting away hair round wound, etc.) are indicated. These are still further secured by the use of Tincture of Iodine, the only danger of which is irritation of the skin from repeated applications. Iodine is more efficacious if the wound is carefully dried with a sterile mop of cottonwool immediately before use.— N. CORBET F l e t c h e r .

L. P. (.Aldgate) writes :— In Why and Wherefore in F irst-A id (p. 6) you say that the pupils are contracted in Maims and dilated in Hiemorrhage. What is the reason for this difference, since in each case the main factor is'Shock ? The pupils are under control of a local nervous mechanism which co-ordinates their action and which, in its turn, is regulated by the higher Centres of the Brain. Variation in size, therefore, may be due to local (e.g., light, inflammation) and to central conditions (e.g., hemorrhage of brain) as well as to blood-states (e.g., anemia, opium poisoning). Contraction of pupils is present with exposure to light, sleep, old age, inflammation of eye, and certain drugs (e.g., opium) and Nervous Diseases. Dilation of pupils is found with absence of light, childhood, severe pain, profound mental or physical shock, complete insensibility, last stage of asphyxia, and certain drugs (e.g., chloroform) and Nervous Diseases. With Maims there is usually a moderate degree of Shock, and the pupils are contracted as during sleep With Haemorr hage, however, Shock is always more pronounced, and the pupils are consequently dilated—partly from the central effects of the loss of blood on the Nervous System and partly from the local effects of anaemia on the muscles of the pupils.— N.

A. T. G. (Neasden) :— (1) A friend and I disagree as to the best method of Artificial Respiration in a case of Choking. He C orb et F le tc h e r. contends that Silvester’s Method is the best, as it resembles most nearly natural breathing-, I contend that the best method is Schafer’s, for in nearly all cases of Choking food S h o e i n g S m i t h P a l m e r (B.E.F., France).— As you are will be the cause, and small portions might be left in the not attached to a medical unit you will be given an opportunity wind pipe after the larger portion has been removed. of qualifying for your two labels at the conclusion of the war. Therefore Schafer’s method would help to eject any por All members of the brigade in medical units count each year of tion left, whereas Silvester’s would tend, if anything, to service as a re-examination. draw the piece farther in, because of the larger current on inhaling than with Schafer’s. (2) In Artificial Respiration for young children, o f course Labord’s is the method, but I have not yet been T here are now 225 St. John Hospitals with accom m o able to draw the line when it w ould be perfectly safe to dation for 11,500 patients, this accommodation is being apply other methods. What should be the age of a child before other methods than Laborde’s are used ? rapidly augmented. (1) It is generally conceded that Schafer’s is the best method for a ll purposes because— apart from its other advan tages (see Answer in January issue)— it most nearly resembles natural breathing. Further, the position of the patient favours (as is emphasised in the Query) the escape of the cause of ob struction and also anticipates the regurgitation of vomit during the stage of reaction. Lastly, Schafer’s method is said to pro vide the lungs with as much air as any two of the other methods combined. (2) All methods of Artificial Respiration are available/rrwr the moment o f birth onwards. The younger the child, however, the greater should be tbe care in application of force. Further, with a child the movements should be carried out rather more frequently (say, 20 per minute) than with an adult.

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— F I R S T

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In d u s tr y

E f fic ie n c y .* S I R L I N G , M D , D .S c ., L L .D .

definition and tests of fatigue depend upon the aspect from which the subject is looked at. In every case it is the result of overwork of an organism as a whole, or of some of its individual parts, and here lie both objective and subjective symptoms. Indeed, fatigue is a universal phonopienon of life. It is as difficult to delimit the boundary between vigorous muscular action and fatigue as to tell where lamb ends and mutton begins. Fatigue ex presses itself in a loss of excitability, a diminished capacity for work or “ output.” T h e sense of fatigue may not run parallel with the diminution of output. In mental work decided sensations of fatigue may be experienced when the objective record shows that increasing amounts of work are being done. T h e output may be falling and there may be absence of the sensations of fatigue. Over activity without sufficient and timely periods of rest, leads to fatigue, and fatigue sensations are not to be taken as a direct index of the degree of fatigue. T hese sensations are Nature’s warning signals— fatigue itself being a complex of sensations. Fatigue is due to two causes :— (1) T h e using up of organic forces or energy, and (2) the wear and tear of the organs which are over-worked. Matter and energy are used up. Restitution does not keep pace with waste and there is a run on capital.

T h e

M a r c h , 1917.

AID. —

T h e War Office have appointed a Director of the new W om en ’s Arm y Auxiliary Forces, and the Chairman hopes

very shortly that an announcement will be made in the Press definitely stating that R ed Cross work is an essential part of the National Service, and that no encouragement will be given to V .A .D . members to volunteer for any other Branch. In view of the fact that all the other branches of National Service will be paid, the Chairman of the Joint V .A .D . is now approaching the War Office to ascertain what arrangement will be sanctioned regarding the pay of V .A .D . members working at Auxiliary Hospitals who may be unable to continue giving unpaid service.

T w o courses of lectures will be given at the SouthWestern Polytechnic, Manresa-road, Chelsea, S.W., on Physiology, Hygiene and Elementary Anatomy on Tuesday and Friday at 6 p.m, and Saturday 10 a.m., commencing April 1 5 t h ; Wednesday, Thursday and Friday at 3 p.m., commencing April 16th. Both coarses are illustrated by apparatus, dissection, and micro and lantern slides. They cover all the work required for nurses and it is hoped will thus make hospital training less arduous. Application should be made either to the Lady Registrar or to the Lecturer on Physiology.

A n over-worked organ, such as the limb, may produce fatigue of the whole body, although the other organs are not directly overworked. This is indirect fatigue and is due to “ fatigue substances ” produced in the over worked organ, e.g. the muscles. These products clog the machinery, some, such as carbonic and lactic acids— pass into the blood and poison other organs. A fatigued person is poisoned by the products of his own activity, if there is not sufficient time and rest periods given to enable these injurious products or toxins to be destroyed or eliminated

T ff j ^ T T T S r it is n T o n ic J F o p ^ U n iq u e in it s c o m b in a t io n o f t h e g ly c e r o p h o s p h a t e s o f m a g n e s iu m , w i t h t h e e n t ir e p r o t e in o f m ilk . T h e o n ly p e r f e c t n o n - c o n s t ip a t in g t o n ic fo o d .

T h e results obtained by Mosso’s Ergograph and the beneficial effects of massage and tired muscles, due to the effects of forced marching were illustrated. Rest after labour is not a passive process, metabolic processes are going on incessantly. T h e lecturer gave the physiological grounds for insisting on the necessity of a weekly day or rest. Sunday labour leads to a progressive diminution of the power of the worker to resist the onset of fatigue, and if overwork be continued, day in, day out, the results on output become steadily and progressively poorer.

From an L . R . F . P . S . “ I h a v e u sed V ita fe r w ith m a rk ed

“ su c ce s s in sev e ra l c a s e s o f d e b ility and in th e c o n v a le s c e n t s ta g e “ o f m a n y a ilm e n ts . I find it a most sa tisfa c to ry p r e p a ra tio n .”

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Jhe 3ndian Jlmbulance Gazette. A Journal o f Ambulance Work in India, Burma and the E ast. P ric e 2 s h illin g s p e r a n n u m p o s t fre e. P u b lish e d

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&e.,

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FIRST AID AN D

ST.

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THE

AM BULANCE Edited b y A R T H U R

No. 274.—

X X III

V o l.

N O T IC E

-----

APR IL

1917.

GAZETTE.

DALE. PRICE

[Entered at Stationers' Hall.)

TWOPENCE

I Per Annum, Post Free

of necessity had to be employed, including a

READERS.

large

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centage of women who, are frequently unacustomed to the 20th ol each month. The 2S. 6d. post free ; single copies 2d.

F I R S T A I D is published on the

conditions and surroundings among which they now find

Ann ual Subscription is

themselves— surroundings which often differ diametrically

Its aim and object being the advancement o f A m bul an ce W o rk in all its branches, the E ditor invites Rea ders to send Article s and Repor ts on subjects pertaining to the M ove m en t and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. A l l Repor ts, & c ., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied [not necessarily f o r p u b lica tio n ) by the name and address of the

from those which they have been hitherto familiar, as in the case of the woman transferred from the placid atmo sphere of home to the busy engineering workshop. It is highly desirable that as

large

number

possible so engaged should acquire the training which will enable them to apply the prescribed first aid treatment on

Correspondent. Subscriptions, Ad ve rtisem en ts and other business C omm unications connected with F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE,

REYNOLDS 4 6, C a n n o n

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behalf of themselves and others when accidents

limbs and generally prove invaluable in times of crises, has been demonstrated over and over again,

Telegraphic A d d ress: " T w e n t y fo u r , Londott." Telephone N o. 3 4 77 B a n k .

occur.

That such treatment, promptly applied, may save lives and and

the

skilled assistance afforded by members of the St. John Am bulance Brigade after the terrible explosion in the East

EDITORIAL.

End of London provides recent evidence of this. A point which is not always appreciated at its full

Th e Present Need for Am bula nce Workers.

I n the opening chapter of the official

value in connection with the acquisition of first aid know

text-book of the

St. John Ambulance

ledge, but one which should appeal with added force to all

the subject

of First

at a time when industrial workers of practically all kinds

that “ First-aid to the

are at a premium, is that first aid methods are promptly

Association

Aid, we are told

injured is a special branch of practical

and efficiently applied when accidents occur, not only may

medicine and surgery, by a knowledge

lives be saved and suffering ameliorated, but the period

of which trained persons are enabled to afford skilled

of incapacity of the workers affected

assistance in cases of accident and sudden illness,” and

materially reduced, which, of course, not only represents a

further, that “ the duty of the ambulance pupils ends when

gain to the individual

the doctor’s commences.”

wages and working time being reduced to a minimum—

T h e present necessity for the extension of the ambu lance movement is also due to the fact that a large number of experienced ambulance workers,

who were engaged in

connection with industrial undertakings

and relied upon

worker

and

to the

be of

country,

T here are, of course, other advantages which should not go unnoticed, such

the

reduction

their country and placed their services at the disposal of

surance Acts

The

em ployee— loss

but also constitutes a direct advantage

under the W orkm en’s Compensation

withdrawal of so much medical and first aid assistance is

thereby

inasmuch as production is thereby increased.

for assistance in emergencies, have answered the call of the Medical Departments of the N avy and Army.

may

as well

Societies ; but what

and

of pajm ents National

the various [Sick

we particularly

wish

Benefit

to emphasise

here are the considerable advantages which would accrue

particularly felt at a time when, in order to overthrow the

to the country at large by a vigorous campaign

common enemy, almost every phase of industrial

acquisition of some measure of ambulance training among

work

for the

throughout the country is being speeded up to the point of

industrial workers to-day in view

maximum output.

medical and other skilled assistance on which they were

All this work is being undertaken with considerably depleted staffs and a vast quantity of substituted labour has,

of the

fact

accustomed to rely in happier times is now measure not forthcoming.

that the

in a large

— F I R S T

i86

tThe Grand ‘Priorg of the Order of the Jtospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in Sttgland. AMBULANCE

Jh e No. . District. D epu ty

S t.

Jo h n

.Ambulance S rigade.

D I S T R I C T - ORDERS. --------

C o m m issio n e r :

DEPARTMENT.

W IN N Y. M A Y,

1917.

Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 6ih.— No. 38 Division, Harrow. „ 13th.— No. 29 „ Walthamstow. ,, 20th. — No. 30 „ East London. „ 27th — No. 37 „ G.W.R., Paddington. 2.30 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. NON - E F F IC IE N T M EM BERS. When Brigade forms are teturned from Headquarters to Divisions, showing which members are recorded as non efficient for the Brigade year, Officers and Members in Charge of Divisions should inform such members of their non efficiency, in order that questions may not be raised at a later date. NEW D IV IS IO N S . The following new Division has been registered :— Enfield, No. 78. N A T IO N A L SERVICE. The Director General of National Service states that if members of the Brigade, other than V.A.D., will state in their forms of offers for service as Volunteers for National Service, that they are members of the Brigade, he will issue instruc tions that they shall not be called up to National Service which will necessitate their being taken away from the area where they now live, without consultation with the Deputy Commis sioner of the area in question. (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. H a m p ste a d (N o . 20) D i v i s i o n . — The Hampstead Division was formed in January, 1896, with 2 officers (Dr. E. Jessop, hon. surgeon, and Mr. E. H. Evans, superintendent, 1 sergeant and 11 privates, its headquarters being a backroom of the superintendent’s premises at 32, High-street. Dr. Jessop gave up active duty in 1903, although he retained his connec tion with the Division up to the time of his death in 1 9 1 3 — whilst Mr. Evans continued in office as superintendent until in June, 190 5, he resigned on account of failing health, and was succeeded by Mr. J. T. H. Hudson. In January, 190 5, when Dr. Cecil MacFadden accepted the post of hon. surgeon, the Division was not in a flourishing condition, but as the outcome of his energy and devotion an improvement was quickly obtained. Headquarters were in the same year transferred— thanks to the generosity of the mana gers— to Christchurch Boys’ School, New End, where lectures, drills and meetings are still held week by week' In November, 1914, a sub-section of the Division was founded in Golder’s Green, with Dr. Davis Waite as its hon. surgeon. In October, 1 9 1 6 , Dr. MacFadden had to relinquish his post upon his wellmerited promotion to Chief Surgeon of the No. 1 District, and the Division was fortunate in securing as his successor Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, whose books on First Aid are well known and whose authority in all matters relating to ambulance work has long been recognised. Notwithstanding many obstacles, the Division has gradu ally grown in numbers, and at the present time— in its twentyfirst year— it possesses 2 hon. surgeons, 1 ,’ superintenden*, 2

A I D

—

April, 1917.

ambulance officers, and 4 sergeants, whilst its original 12 have increased to 116 members, of whom 75 (including the superin tendent) are on active service. Uniforms for the men and equipment have been gradually provided as funds permitted— the cost being met partly by subscriptions from members and partly by financial assistance of sympathetic friends. The work of the Division consists of attendance in the streets and other places where crowds are expected to congre gate and accidents occur which require expert attention. Amongst such may be mentioned Coronations and other Royal functions, Lord Mayor’s procession and open space duty at Hampstead Heath on Bank Holidays, etc., etc. During the present war there have been added the nightly air-raid patrol, transport of wounded, hospital orderly duties, etc. The success of the Division can be attributed to three causes : first, the enthusiasm of the members and their desire for efficiency : secondly, the invaluable assistance of the hon. surgeons and officers who, without fee, give instruction in First Aid, Home Nursing, Sanitation, Hygiene, Drill, etc. ; and thirdly, the desire of the Division to place the services of a full-trained body of first-aiders at the disposal of the public. There is still room for improvement, as there must always be in a progressive movement, and it is surely not too much to hope that in the near future the Division may have its own drill hall. No. 4 District. Pte. William Blancheflower of Bolton Corps, has been awarded the Military Medal for distinguished conduct on the field in France. He is attached to the Field Ambulance Royal Naval Division. It is notified that Pte. John Tatlock of the R.A.M.C. was killed in France during last month. He was formerly a member of the Hindley Division, St.John Ambulance Brigade, and joined the R.A M C. from the Brigade at Curragh Camp on September 23rd, 1915. Corporal William Bramall of the Bredbury and Romiley Division has received the King of Serbia’s gold medal for distinguished service. Prior to the war he was. a member of the Home Hospitals Reserve and proceeded on mobilisation to Netley. He subsequently volunteered for Foreign Service and has been on the Staff at St. John’s Hospital, Llieina, Malta, since that time. Pte. W. Aldred, serving with the Medical Unit of ihe Royal Marines, has been awarded the Military Medal. On the afternoon of June 21st, 1916, he continued to dress wounds under a very heavy trench mortar and rifle grenade fire. Although forced to take cover he returned again and again until all the wounded were dressed and evacuated to the rear. He has also shewn great devotion to duty on previous occasions. Pte. Aldred was a member in the Atherton Division, St. John Ambulance Brigade. The death of Pte. Henry Kellett, R.A.M.C., is reported. He was formerly a member of the Southport Division, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and was despatched to Whalley Military Hospital on February 28th, 1916, and later transferred to the Leeds Military Hospital where he died of peritonitis, after an operation on March 15th last. N o t t i n g h a m . — The corps issued its annual report for the year ending September, 1916, at the end of last month. It is a record of steady progress and development. During the year two Brigade and three Nursing Divisions were sanc tioned, whilst four Brigade and three Nursing V.A.D .’s have been registered, the present strength of the corps being 769 members. During the year over 400 cases of first aid have been rendered by the members of the corps. The balance sheet shows an expenditure of .£294 8s. id., and receipts .£372 2s. 1 id., leaving a balance in hand of £yy 14s. iod.

No.

6 District. Mr. Wm. Sinclair Fraser, L.R.C.P.E., who was recently selected for admission as an Hon. Associate of the Order of St. John has since the revival of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne

— F I R S T

April, 19)7.

Centre, taken a very active part in the organisation and extension of ambulance work in the Centre and District. As a member of the Medical Staff of this Centre, he has acted as lecturer gratuitously to more than 50 classes in First Aid, Home Nursing and Military Sanitation in this Centre, with very successful results. In this work, he has instructed over 2,500 persons in these subjects. Following upon these classes he has been able to recruit a good number of these students into the Brigade, and has materially strengthened the Newcastle Western Nursing Division, of which he has been Divisional Surgeon since its formation in 1912. He is also Commandant of No. 72, Northumberland Voluntary Aid Detachment. His male classes have resulted in four new Ambulance Divisions in Newcastle. Dr. Fraser is a hard worker, and has given all his spare time to ambulance work. He has, in addition to class work, conducted gratuitously a number of re-examinations of first aid workers. He is a member of the Local Committee of this Centre, and an Honorary Life Member of the St. John Ambulance Association, and is now in charge of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Air Raid arrangements in Newcastle.

No. 8 District. L i t t l e h a m p t o n . — Good work has been done by the Nuring Division during the winter, from November to March, lectures in First Aid and Home Nursing have been given by Dr. C. E. Last (Divisional Surgeon). An examination was held in January by Dr. Tidcombe, of Bognor. Nearly all the candidates passed. The Home Nursing Examination was held in March, 27 candidates entered and every one passed, 2 passed for pendants. At the last lecture a wrist-watch was presented to Dr. Last by the ladies of both Classes, in recognition of his lecturers. The Secretary (Miss M. Flatt) and Sister Robertson were also presented with very useful handbags in recognition of their services. Several members of the Division are doing duty at the Red Cross Hospital, and others are doing war work in different places. About 18 ladies have joined the Division, which brings the membership to 35.

The

S t.

Jo h n

A m bulan ce H u ll

A sso ciation .

C e n tr e .

T n e annual report for the year ending September 30th, 1916, has recently been published, and embodies a summary of the work done by the Territorial branch ( V .A D. and the Irish Corps S.J.A. B ) . It is prefaced by some explanatory remarks on the objects of both tha Asso ciation and the Brigade. As there appears to be some confusion in the public mind on the objects of the Asso ciation and Brigade it is a good policy to explain these in issuing reports for circulation. During the year 33 classes have been examined— 21 in first aid (12 for men and 9 for women), 11 in nursing (r for men and 10 for women), and a Sanitation class for m en; 432 certificates have been awarded for first aid, 263 for nursing, and 29 for sanitation ; 203 medallions have been awarded for the third examination, and 32 labels for further re-examination ; 10 nursing pendants (for re-exami nation in this subject) have been secured, and one sanita tion pendant. Mercantile Marine certificates in first aid have been awarded to 87 pupils. This certificate is required by the Board of Trade from every seaman of the Mercantile before he obtains his Master or Mate’s certificate. It is satisfactory to record that the growth of the Hull

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Corps'continues, although not to the extent that took place during the season 1914-15 K S jijThe call of the War Office has, to a considerable ex tent, thinned the ranks of the M e n ’s Divisions, a total of 337 men being on active service, with a likelihood of more being called up. A certain amount of dissatisfaction, the report points out, has arisen among some of our men dur ing the last few months, owing to the fact that they have been sent into infantry regiments instead of being able to serve as trained men in the R .A .M C. This, of course, is no fault of the Brigade Authorities, but is due to the requirements of the War Office, who stated this particular arm of the service was full. H ad the men joined up in the earlier stages of the war, when a heavy call was made on the Brigade, they would have been able to join the R . A . M . C , where their services would have been better utilised. T h e corps has been exceedingly busy on Air Raid duty and has treated over 2,000 cases when on public duty. T h e Territorial branch shows a record of good work, its members being occupied in staffing military and naval hospitals, and otherwise engaged in valuable service.

jlailwaij ^Unbalance. S. E. and C. R y .— W e note with pleasure that the results of examinations to date on this Railway augurs well for an increase even over last year’s successful total, and feel that this Centre’s policy of “ carrying on,” under the present difficult conditions, is well justified. A grand concert in aid of the funds of the No. 4 District Corps will be held at Chatham Tow n Hall on Wednesday, 2nd May, at which the Corps intend to repeat their success of last year. Well-known London artistes have been engaged, and a musical treat can be guaranteed. T h e Stationmasters, Inspectors, Locomotive Foreman and General Am bulance Fund Committee organised a collection for the purpose of granting awards to the m em bers of the Centre and to encourage the first aid cause on the Railway. T h e total so far has more than doubled last year’s collection and in our next issue we hope to be in a position to publish full details of this year’s work. A splendidly organised concert was recently held by the Addiscombe Corps in the North End Hall, Croydon, and although the hall has the dimensions of a large Music Hall, it was well filled. T h e programme was an excellent one, and when we mention that such artistes as Miss Nellie Beare, Mr. J. Leppard, Mr. Arthur Thomas, Mr. F. Hudson and Alba lent their talent, the success of the concert cannot be wondered at. During the interval, the Mayoress of Croydon distri buted the awards gained at the recent Corps examination, and the Mayor stated the pleasure it gave him to be associ ated with such good work. T h e Chairman of the Centre, Mr. E. A. Richards, told the audience briefly of the good work done by the railway ambulance men, and how that, after their railway duties were finished, they spent hours in ambulance work, at the present time this including the transport of convoys of wounded “ Tom m ies ” on their arrival from the front. H e was sorry for the necessity, but glad that the railwaymen’s ambulance training enabled them to be of such good service.

FIR ST

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JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

April, 1 9 1 7

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. death of the Duchess of Connaught will appeal to the sympathies of all members of St. John, for H . R .H . was the wife of the Grand Prior of the Order. W e tender our deepest sympathy to His Royal Highness in the irreparable loss he has sustained.

T h e

N o te s By t h e

t h e O ld H o sp ita ls th e Order.*

L a t e R e v . W. K . R. B E D F O R D , C h a p la in o f th e O rd e r.

of M.A .,

( Concluded from page 17 2 .)

M rs. L o u isa 5m ith whose portrait appears on this page, obtained her First A id Certificate August, 1898 ; Nursing Certificate, 1898; Medallion, 1900. She became a member of the Committee of the Auckland (N .Z ) Centre in 1904 ; Lady Divisional SuperM rs. L o u is a S m ith ,

M r s . L o u isa

S m it h .

intendent, 21st March, 190 5; L ad y Corps Superintendent, 9th December, 1912. In February, 1913, Mrs. Smith was appointed an Honorary Serving Sister of the Order. Since the war she has worked indefatigably on behalf of the sick and wounded, being a member of the local Joint Com m ittee of the Order of St. John and the R e d Cross Society, of the Aucklan d W om en’s Patriotic League, and the Y .W .C .A . Board of Directors and National SubCommittee.

I n 1662 a considerable reconstruction of the buildings is stated to have taken place, but the great alteration was that of Grand Master Perellos, who erected a new front towards Mercanti, a pharmacy, rooms for Officers, etc. This addition, however, had the effect of still further intensifying the disadvantages of the situation, for the level of the entrance from Strada Mercanti being 35 feet above the existing quadrangle, the lofty buildings on the higher level shut out still more air and light from those below them. T h e date of this alteration was 1712, and has a curious record in the obliteration of the arms of Grand Hospitallers from 1681 to 1720, when the arch is broken through at the end of the ward, which is ornamented with these heraldic records. I have already mentioned that Perellos’ arms are in the pharmacy and on the fountain. Grand Master Caraffa’s arms are at the end of the great hall, where are traces of a shrine and an altar. Grand Master Caraffa’s arms are on a boss on the stairs, and at the end of the upper corridor three fleurs-de-lys, quartered by the Cross, are, I still think, intended for Vignacourt, though erroneously drawn. A very excellent local antiquary has argued that they are intended for the escutcheon of France, to signify the privilege which the French Langue had of providing the Grand Hospitaller. I would object that if that were the intention they would not be quartered with the Cross in the manner restricted to Grand Masters alone. T h e chapel for the reservation of the H oly Sacrament was added in 1712, being placed opposite the ward for the dying, and in 1780 a very injudicious addition was made of certain rooms and passages now used as stores. Outside the walls of the Hospital were several auxiliary buildings for washing of linen, etc., and a burial ground where the Knights were laid in their mantles “ like warriors taking their rest, with their martial cloaks around them.” T n e total number of halls or wards, as enumerated in 1796, were twelve, and four supplementary chambers. There were also connected with the Hospital out-door Medical assistance for the poor of Valetta and the affiliated towns, which physicians were set apart, and a system of doles or allowances of food and money, which continued in a restricted form until after the English occupation. This brings me to the question of the funds of the Order. In 1788 the sum annually remitted by the twentynine agents who administered the European estates of the Order from Lisbon to Warsaw, combined with the property in convent, at headquarters, amounted to 1,315,299 scudi ; from which they expended on the great Hospital, that for * A Pape r read before the Gen era l A ss em b ly o f the O rder o f St. John in 1881.

April, 191 7.

— FIRST

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ST.

women, and the foundlings, 104,300 scudi (among found lings, children of indigent parents were always admitted). In 1777 the Order entered into a compact with the Order of St. Anthony (founded in Dauphigny in 1218 for sufferers under St. A n thon y’s fire) on terms which, with a view to free possession at a future date, involved an excess of ex penditure of about 75,000 scudi a year, a loss which was calculated would continue with gradual diminution till 1794, when a net income would return, and go on increas ing till 1879, when the outlay with interest would be repaid, and the annual income reach 120,000 French livres. Unfortunately, in 1792, the whole property of the Order was confiscated by the French Government, and thus the sum of 471,784 scudi was lost to the Order, exclusive of these Antonine estates, on which the total loss exceeded a million scudi. Notwithstanding these adverse circum stances, I do not find any diminution of the charity of the Order. T h e French traveller St. Priest, in 1791, speaks of the Hospital as “ an asylum open to the sufferers of every country and religion,” and in 1796, the hospitals, foundlings, and alms stood at 146,481 scudi. It is true that the unfavourable description given of the Hospital by Howard in 1786, suggests a suspicion of parsimony. H e says there were only twenty-two servants, while, in the regulations of 1796, thirty-eight was the number prescribed for the ordinary attendance, beside the cooks, dispensers, washermen, etc., not taking account of the honorary services rendered by the knights : but Howard was im perfectly acquainted with the regulations as he shows by his complaint that pewter was partially substituted for silver in the service of the wards, whereas the regulations expressly prescribe that the gente d i catena, galley slaves, or malefactors, of whom there were many in hospital, should be served on pewter only. T h e real defect of the hospital, throughout seems to have been the total want of the elementary knowledge of the principles of sanitation, dis played in almost every arrangement of the building, for, through the deprivation of air and of cheerfulness so much condemned by the Commissioners’ Report, is in some degree due to the absolute need of exclusion of light for the sake of coolness in the Maltese climate any one who studies the interesting printed regulations preserved in the Archives at Valletta, bearing date 1726, will see the singular inaptitude of the system in many of those points which modern medical science considers essential. T he document itself is too lengthy even to summarise in a short paper. I propose with the permission of the Order, to publish a translation of it, with such notes as will afford a compendious view of the history and management of this most interesting relic of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John, and thus furnish some accurate data by which to estimate the value of their work.

Appeal

for

V .A .D .

V o lu n te e r s .

V .A .D . officers and members who have been following press news regarding W om en’s War Work will have noticed that they are constantly being urged not to register their names for other work. It is generally accepted at National Service H e a d quarters and at the War Office that V .A .D . work is pre eminently W om en’s National Service. Care for the sick and wounded is naturally woman’s province, and the only fear among those in high places is lest all the calls for women to enter other spheres will cause our officers and

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE —

members to feel restless and doubtful as to what is their duty. There can really be no doubt. With the “ push ” coming in the spring the casualties will increase, and every V .A .D . member should stand by ready to help. N ot only that, but every V .A .D . member should recruit among her friends— persuade them to join and lend a hand in the hospitals and other formations caring for the men who have taken risks for them. Is it really true that we have a lot of shirkers in our ranks? T h a t women wear our uniform and put in two or three hours’ work now and then, while they are really amus ing themselves most of the tim e? Also that officers will not spare their members or let them work every day in their Auxiliary Hospitals ? People tell me that this is the case, but I am glad to say I know none of these shirkers. T h e y certainly d on ’t exist at Devonshire House ! Looking through hospital reports, I often notice that as many V .A .D . members are shown as beds— in one case I am told told that a hospital of 40 beds had a staff of 17 Commandants and 600 V .A .D . members. Poor patients 1 But of course a number of our members can only give part time. All honour to them. What we want to know is why girls who can give alter nate days, weeks, or fortnights, cannot give every day, week or fortninght ? We also want to know whether it is true that some of our frivolous members like to spend their time in different places, such as hospitals, canteens, supply depots, on different days. I f any of these rumours are true, do help to make them false. L ook back at the early days of the war— 1914, 1915 — how every woman dashed to the R e d Cross and vowed she was a “ born nurse.” What unbounded enthusiasm ! Has it not died out a little ? H a ve we not become accustomed to the war? Are we not a little bored, some of us, and do we perhaps forget the sick and wounded ? W ell— I want you all to realise and believe that V .A .D . members will be wanted this year in even great numbers than in past years, and that it is up to every one of you to prove that you are loyal. D o n ’t shirk, don’t want more holidays than you need, or games or dances or change of scene, but go on gladly, however tiresome the drudgery, however little you seem to advance in your work. Someone has to do the drudgery, and you, with experi ence and training, do it so much better than the raw recruit, so cheer up, and do remember that we must all support each other, and go on as a solid whole till the end of the war. Some of our best officers have been offered important posts with good salaries in other war work, but I am thank ful to say that they have mostly refused, and have decided to remain with us unpaid, even though several could illafford to do so. Sacrifice, loyalty and devotion are everything in R e d Cross work. It is freely admitted that the good behaviour of the V .A .D . as a whole has encouraged the Military Authorities to risk employing women in new spheres of Arm y work. Now remember that it is “ up t o ” the blue uniform to keep the lead, and to show the khaki uniform what self-control and self-sacrifice can do for the nation and country. Your work is National Service, and we want every one of you who is really worthy of our traditions, our good name and our ideals.— K . F.

190

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News.

fo llo w in g no/es are k in d ly su pplied a n d edited by V .A .D . H eadquarters D epartm ent op the jo in t V .A .D . Committee a n d w i l l appear m onthly u n d er the above heading. — E d i t o r .

T h e Commandant-in-Chief desires to congratulate all V .A .D . officers and members who have been mentioned in dispatches. T h a t they should have won this distinction must be a very real source of pride and comfort, not only to themselves, but also to their friends and relatives. W e were delighted to see that no fewer than 218 were men tioned. H ow many more could have been so honoured we do not know, but we feel sure that their number is un limited. Following is the list, which appeared in the Times of March 5 th, 1917 :— SER VICE S W ar

HOME

S e c r e t a r y ’s

H O SPITA LS. L ist .

War Office. March 3rd. T h e names of the folllowing ladies have been brought to the notice of the Secretary of State for valuable services rendered in connection with the war Adams, Y., Aldrick, E., Anderson, L. E., Archer, M. B. B., Arney, A. C., Aston, M. E. Aubrey, J. D., Baddelay, W., Baker, L., Barker, E , Barnett, M. E., Bather, E. Beatson, W. K., Beattie, E , Beaver, F. G., Bell, M. H., Bell, V., Bellingham, S., Best, M. F. B., Billam, A , Birch, M. E , Birkley-Forrester, M., Bishop, K', Blyde, M. K., Booth, M. E., Bostock, L. M., Braithwaite, M , Breckenridge, M., Broadhead, G. I., Bulfin, M., Bur den, P. M., Butcher, V., Buttenshaw, E., Byard, A., Candy, L., Caldwell, M . , Carter, E. J., Carter, M., Cater, V., Chambers, M. Chesham, M. E., Chestertman, £., Cheves, K. D., Clark, D., Clarke, E., Cliff, D., Collins, G. L., Cooper, E., Corbett, H., Crawford, V., Cree, M., Crocker, H. C., Crosfield, Lady D., Cross, G., Crowther, E., Durrant, M., Dykes, M., Darrad, D., Darroll, A., Davey, D., Davy, E. C., Denne, M., De Stoeckl, A., Dick, G., Dinnts, E., Dtnnis, O. R., Dixon, A. M., Douglas, C , Downs, S., Duncan, N. B,, Edge, H., Edden, V , Edwards, M„ Elder, E., Elliott, D., Faulder, 15. J., Ferguson, 1., Fenn, O , Frankl n, J., Fraser, D,, Fry., E. M , Fulton, M. E. A., Gaskell, M. A., Gaved, F., Gay, A., Gaydon, J., Geddis, M., George, K., Gillham, R. D., Glenny, K , Goate, A , Godfrey. 15. F., Godsal, C., de Goldsmit, Ilaroness V., Griffiths, L., Gutch, M., Guy, A,, Harrison, E., Haslett, E. S., Hastings, H. M., Heathcote, Hon. Mrs. E,, Heatou, A., Heelis, M., Hewitt, G. A - , Higman, I. E., Hilder, Mrs, F., Hindle, 1. M., Hitch cock, B., Hitchcock, D., Hoare, L., Hocken, G., Hopewell, J., Hunt, M. M. D , Hunt, A. G., Husey, J, M. S , James, A. M. D,, Jebb, G. M., Johnson, A., Johnson, M. M., Johnstone, N., Kennedy, M., Kenyon-Slaney, The Lady M., Kerr, M,, Ker shaw, M., Kiek, M., Lambert, H., Langton, E , Lee, M., Lees, S. W., Le Maittee, F., Leveson-Gower, E., Lloyd, E. V., Lloyd, 5., Locke-King, E., Longton, G., Mahon, L. F., Mainwaring, M. S., Mallett, M., Margetrison, E. E., Marsh, D. C., Marshall, M., Mason, A. E., Maudesley, L., Mirehouse, M. B., Mount, E., Newton, G., Nix, M. M., Norton, The Hon. K., Nuttall, M., Owen, Lady C. E., Owen, M., Parker, M., Parker, R. D., Pegge, E. T., Phillip, B „ Pitcairn, M. E., Points, E., Portlock-Dadson, 5., Poub, A. S., Prescott, A., Rawlins, L. G,, Rees, V. P., Reid, J., Ruberg, E., Russell, M., Salisbury-Jones, M., Samuels, M., Saiikey, A. E., Sargent, S., Scatterly, A., Scott-Gatty, M., Sewell, H, M. V., Shapley, M,, Shorland, E., Short, E., Simp son, M. M., Smeddle, A. E., Smith, A., Stanton, E., Stephens. A., Storry, M., Streatfeild, M. C., Stucker, E. E., Sugden, M., Sutcliffe, D., Tannahill, E. M., Taylor, L., Thomas, M. T., Thomson, L., Thomson., M., Thornton, 1., Tilley, M. E., Tinsley, E. M., Toogood, P. M., Toulmin, M., Tower, M., Tribe, L. M., Tubb, M. E., Waller, D., Warner, A. LI., Watkins, A., Wharton-Duff, E. H., Wh-sh, D. W., Whitehead, M. L., White head, S. M., Whiteman, E., Wilkinson, G., Williams, I. M., Williams, J., Williams, V., Wooley, G., Wright, M., Wood, I. M., Wood, D. T.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

April, 1917

V .A .D . officers who can be spared from their counties are asked to volunteer for special service. If General Service V . A D. members are employed in military hospitals in France, we shall require commandants, quartermasters, and general service superintendents to ensure their wel fare and discipline. Applications should be made on the usual forms, and forwarded through the County Directors. V . A D. members who are anxious for promotion should ask their officers to send up their applications for special recom mendations. Applications for officers’ appointments will be considered by a special Selection Board at Devonshire House. All officer cadets must be prepared to start in subordinate positions with a view to promotion. * * * T h e War Office wishes it to be understood that the creation of the new organisation for the employment of women with the Armies, at home and in France, will not disturb the relations existing between the V . A . D . ’s and the Joint War Committee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, in regard to the sick and wounded. For purposes of convenience, the V . A . D . ’s will work in close co-operation with the new organisation, but V .A .D . officers and members are asked not to register their names for other employment. V We think members will find interest in the following extract from a letter, written in February, by a V .A .D . member in Salonika :— “ T h e y have sent us here, to Salonika, instead of to Egypt. This is a Cam p Hospital, and although entirely unfitted by nature for camp life, I manage to make myself very comfortable in a tent. Eight of us live in a large marquee, in spaces which we can curtain off if necessary. Our furniture consists of our camp kit only, and boxes from the stewart’s stores. T hese arranged as shelves make excellent cupboards in which to store the goods sent to us from home. W e actually have electric light in our tent, but to balance this convenience, we have to fetch our water and wait on ourselves entirely. Cleaning my shoes is my severest trial, especially when thickly covered in mud. “ We are situated about four miles outside Salonika, on the side of a hill— of course, it is much less stuffy than being nearer town, but we seem to lie in the path of all the winds of the earth, and get dreadfully buffeted about at times. T h e town itself can only be visited on rare occa sions, but it is most fascinating with Turkish bazaars in it, and Byzantine churches and mosques. Most of the antique parts of the town have been ruined by the constant invasions. Thessalonica can hardly be said to exist any longer. “ All the really interesting things here must be sealed up in our memories until we come home, but the sights that Kim saw on the Grand Trunk Road are as nothing when compared with what F .A.W ., V .A .D ., sees on the high road to Salonika....................... But really in one’s off-duty time there is so much to do. Cleaning my house and my shoes and fetching water and doing my washing (hankies and woollies), there is little time for writ ing letters. V W e have received the following e n q u iry :— “ A commandant would like to ask why it is when a V .A .D . nurse enters a military hospital and accepts a salary that she should still be called voiitntary ? Surely this title belongs absolutely to those who are not in the pay of the A r m y ? ”

April, 1 9 1 7.

— FIR ST

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ST.

T h e organisation of Voluntary Aid Detachments was designed in days of peace and long before it was realised what the needs and demands of this war would be. M em bers who have come forward in this crisis to serve in mili tary hospitals must necessarily conform to Army regulations as regards pay and discipline, but surely need not therefore forfeit membership of the voluntary organisation which trained and prepared them for service. It is, of course, more convenient, to retain the old designation than to invent a new one to meet the changed conditions.

Y e t again a note of protest against the uniform hat, this time from Wales :— “ Surely there is no necessity for the enormous unwieldly brims of both winter and summer hats, or the outof-the-way ugly shape of the latter also. I am not in the least vain, but I confess I do not aspire to making myself unnecessarily plain, and it seems to me that a medium sized hat, of a shape not pointedly unbecoming, would answer the purpose and receive a chorus of approval from all Detachments. . , . T h e gabardine hats for winter wear have deservedly met with nothing but praise; is it too much to hope that some day an equally satisfactory and comfortable summer headgear may b e given us?” * * * T h e V .A .D . side of Red Cross work in this country has suffered a heavy loss by the death of Lady Brownlow, the wise and gracious head of the B .R .C .S . in Lincolnshire, In a recent beautiful tribute to her memory from a friend is recorded something of her long life of usefulness and care for others, and “ the burning longing to help the sick and suffering,” which spent itself in untiring activities in the cause of the wounded. “ This constant solicitude for all around her told seriously on her health, and finally wore her out. O f the many hundreds who followed her to the grave, not one but feels that his or her special friend has gone, and that they have lost their wisest and kindest adviser.” V W e have also to announce, with sorrow, the death, from pneumonia, on March 6th, of L ad y Mary Grant, of Rothiemurchus, Vice-President of the Strathspey Branch, Inverness-shire, B . R . C S , for which she had laboured most devotedly. She was very dearly beloved, and will be sorely missed. * * * We have to record with deep regret the deaths of five V .A .D . members during the past month. Miss Ellen Mariana Booker, Glamorgan, 22, was the daughter of the late Mr. T . W. Booker, of Velindre, Cardiff, and of Mrs. Booker, Sion, Southerndown. She helped her sister, the Commandant of the Detachment, to organise the Red Cross Hospital at Tuskar House, Southerndown, and on her sister’s departure for France, three months later, assumed herself the post of Commandant, which she held to the last. Her work was gratefully recognised by the military authorities, and she was buried with military honours at St. Bride’s Major Church on February 28th. Miss Hilda Florence Peare, daughter of Mr. Robert Peare, of Killmallock House, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford, was a member of the B .R .C .S ,, Dublin 24. She worked for two months in the Meath Hospital, Dublin, during the autumn of 1915, and on July ist, 1916, was appointed to the 2nd Western General Hospital, Manchester, where she

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

died of scarlet Fever on March 14th, and was buried with military honours. Miss Rosa Lisle Bulmer, of the Whitby Nursing Division, St. John Am bulance Brigade, was the daughter of Mr. S. Bulby, White House Hotel, Whitby. She was one of the most valued of the members posted from Devonshire House, having served in Malta from September 2nd, 1915, to April 1 rth, 1916, and at the ist London General Hos pital, C im berwell, from June 23rd, 1916, to the time of her death, on M a 'c h 22nd, of this year, from meningitis, follow ing an attack of measles. * * Miss L Crump member of B .R .C .S . Essex 2, was a devoted Red Cross worker since the war began, and was held in high esteem by all wiih whom she worked. Miss Sylvia Gurney, one of the original members of B .R .C S. Suffrlk 88 She started work at Marylands Hospital, Sproughton, in November, 1914, and afterwards went to Erst Suff >lk and Ipswich Hospital, where she worked to within a week or two of her lamented death. All five members have earned a most honourable place upon the long roll of those who have died for their country. * * * OUR

RED

CROSS

PRAYER.

Lord who once bore your own cross shoulder high lo save mankind help us to bear our Red Cross banner high with clean hands unafraid. To those who tend the wounded and sick give health and courage, that they oj their store may g iv e to those who lie awake in pain, with strength and courage gone. Teach us no task can be too great, no work too small, for those who die or suffer pain for us and fo r their Country. Give unto those who rule a gentle justice and a wisely guiding hand, remembering “ Blessed are the M erciful.” A n d when Peace comes, grant neither deed nor word o f ours has thrown a shadow on the Cross, nor stained the fla g o f England. AM EN.

The

U se By

“ Odd”

TEKLA

K n o w led ge.

BOW SER.

I t would be extremely interesting to hear how usefully queer and unusual knowledge has come in at unexpected moments to first aid workers. When Field Sanitation lectures were first given to our Nursing Division I remember very well being one of the scoffers, thinking that never should I need to have such knowledge, but I, with the rest of the members, attended the lectures, and in due course, much to my surprise, passed the examination. Years later, when I was in an out-of-the-way corner of France “ O n Active Service,” I found that 1 was responsible for certain sanitary arrange ments. A rather “ superior” R A .M .C . Orderly politely hinted that probably I knew nothing of Field Sanitation. Gently and, I venture to hope, tactfully, I mentioned that I had been through the course, and immediately his attitude altered to me. H e was a good man at his work and was perfectly ready courteously to listen to me and my sug gestions when he realised that, in spite of being a woman, I happened to know somewhat of the business in hand.

I92

— F IR ST

AID

THE

ST.

JOH N

A t the time the thing struck me forcibly and I hope never to scoff again ! Whilst being shown over a certain Auxiliary Hospital, only last week, I stopped before a fire extinguisher which was a stranger to me, so far as its make went, and enquired of the Sister who was showing me round, how it worked ? “ I am afraid I do not know,” she said hesitatingly. “ T h a t is very bad, isn’t it ! I must see to that,” she added earnestly. Few people seem to realise that they should take every possible opportunity to understand all the various kinds of makes ol extinguishers, because one may easily be in a strange building and in the event of fire there would be no time to read the instructions on the machine. T h e same thing applies to filters. There are a good many different sorts in use in the field, and, surely, all first aiders, or those who work for the wounded, should make a point of learning the mechanism of them and thus know precisely how they work. There are, in fact, a great many “ allied arts,” one might say, to all work which is undertaken by the first aider or the man or woman who labours in hospital or field unit. Never shall I forget the disgust of a certain Major— a Regular— because he found on talking to a “ Ttm porary Captain ” that the latter knew nothing of astronomy. “ But how could you lead your men from one place to another on a dark night, if you do not know the stars ?” he asked, succinctly. Members who have joined the V .A .D . movement since the war began naturally look at the thing from a vastly different standpoint from those who were working in it for years before the cloud burst, but surely it is the greatest pity for them to be content to know just the necessary work in hand without trying to extend their knowledge and so make themselves really “ efficient.” Every member of a Detachment should make a point of knowing at least the outline of the history of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and now that there are admirable books issued at low prices on the subject there is no excuse for ignorance of the glorious traditions which lie behind us. T h e Knights Hospitallers of St. John wore the fjj;st red cross on their white tunics, and we, as humble followers, should never allow ourselves to forget what we owe to those men and women who laboured for the sick and wounded under very different conditions to those under which we work to-day. It is the same thing with the Geneva Convention. T h e outline of the rules then laid down should be known to every man and woman in our work ; and, also, no one should be ignorant of how the British Red Cross Society came into existence. Hygiene has become practically a necessity for every one in a Detachment to know, at least in its elementary stage ; but there are many branches of nursing work which can be dipped into with the greatest advantage. A little knowledge is not a dangerous thing to those who have thoroughly mastered the principles of first aid, because they know that no action must be taken without a doctor’s direction if one can be possibly obtained. Th ey also have learned to appreciate how small is their knowledge, even at the very best. T h e “ little kn ow le dg e” which is a serious menace is that which has been imbibed by the ignorant person who knows no discipline and, therefore, has no balance to which to put his or her small capabilities. T h e more one travels about the country and meets other members of the V .A . Detachments, the more one

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

April

1917.

feels one’s own deficiencies and longs to make “ good,” for the extraordinary efficiency of some of the provincial Detachments fills one with wonder, envy and admiration.

D e a t h of L i e u t . =C olonel T .

P a r r o tt .

I t is with great regret that we have heard by this mail of the death of Lieut.-Col. T . S. Parrott, V .D ., Honorary Associate of the Order. Colonel Parrott was born in 1842,and in i860 went to Australia, in which country for 40 years he followed the profession of a civil and mining engineer. In the sixties he explored large tracts of land in Central Western Queens land. In 1870 he was Government Surveyor for the Melbourne district. In 1872 he became attached to the Corps of engineers of that colony, and in 1875 he invented the Heliograph, then called the Sematrope. In 1885 he accompanied the New South Wales Contingent to the Soudan as Staff Engineer Officer, and it was during this campaign that he chanced to meet the late Sir Vincent Barrington, then Deputy-Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, who was doing splendid work for the sick and wounded. It is from this time that Colonel Parrott’s con nection with the work of the Association dates. After a short visit to England he returned to Australia. In 1887 he commenced to enlist public interest in New South Wales in first aid work, which culminated in 1890 in the establishment of the New South Wales Centre. Some years later the late Colonel Vandeleur Kelly was appointed chairman of the Centre, and Major Parrott— as he then was— deputy-chairman. T h e work deve loped with great rapidity. In 1902 Colonel Parrott became chairman, and it was during this year that the first local unit of the St. John Am bulance Brigade Overseas was established. Colonel Parrott served during the South African war and on return to that country in 1902 he was instrumental in establishing the centre of the Association for the Trans vaal. In 1907 he was elected chairman of the centre, which position he occupied until 1914, when he relinquished this office in order to devote his entire time to the work of the St. Tohn Ambulance Brigade Overseas, of which he was Assistant Commissioner. At the commencement of the great war, he undertook the training of Voluntary Aid Detachments, and he has constantly lectured in and around Johannesburg, and in other parts of the Transvaal, as well as is the Provinces of Cape Colony, the Free State, Rhodesia and Swaziland.

T h e final ambulance competition of the Durham Mines Inspectors’ District Ambulance League has been fixed for April 28th. M. J. E. Hillier, hon. secretary of the No. 76 (Lim e house) Division, tenders his sincere thanks to all the officers, both ambulance and nursing (including Dr. Carvell and the Honourable KatherineThring), and men and nursing sisters for their kind support at the church parade at St. Anne’s Church, Limehouse, on Sunday the 25th March last.

April, 1 9 * 7

— FIRST

St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e

AID

B r ig a d e

THE

ST.

J OH N

Hospital.

Abridged, report for the period September Jth, 1916 , to M arch 14 th , 19 17 . this report covers a large part of the period which may be regarded as the “ slack season,” the hospital can never be said to have been anything but busy. The number of convoys received depends, of course, on the activity prevailing at the front. In October, for instance, over 1,400 cases passed through the hospital, whereas in January there were at one time 230 vacant beds. N o patient is kept Though

O pe r a tin g

T h ea t r e ,

GAZETTE.—

193

Gordon has resigned and has been replaced by Colonel Barclay as Secretary and Treasurer ; Miss Chittock has replaced Miss Tem pleton as Assistant Matron. Captain Butterworth has been transferred as Anaesthetist from the medical to the surgical side. Tem porary Lieuts. Paterson, Matthews and Thom pson have joined for duty. The Chaplain, the Rev. F. E. L. Gower, has left, and arrange ments have been made by the Assistant-Chaplain General for the Rev. J. D. Boulton to take spiritual charge of the hospital.

B r ig a d e

longer than is necessary to render him fit for evacuation to England. Some most interesting scientific research work has been carried out by Captain Crymble, the radiographer to the hospital, who has written a pamphlet on the “ Anatomical Localisation of a Metallic Foreign Body and the R eco n struction of its T r a c k ” ; by Captain Macllwains, who has been investigating the causes of “ S .ldiers’ Heart,” and by Major Houston and Captain M cC loy in “ Trench Feet.” T h e following changes have taken place among the staff Captains Crymble, Beckett and Coplestone have left on termination of their contracts; Captain Stewart

AMBULANCE

T h e composition of the staff is now as follows :— L ieut.-C ol. T r im b le , O fficer C o m m a n d in g . M a jo r H ou ston , C h ie f P h y sicia n and S en ior P athologist.

H o sp it a l ,

F r a n c e .

M ajo r H ope, C h ie f Surgeon. C a p ta in M a c llw a in e , H e a r t S p e c ia lis t a n d Co nsulta n t. Captain G oyd er, Surgeon. C a p ta in B runw in, Ph ysicia n . C a p ta in H all, P h y s ic ia n a nd R e g is tra r. C ap ta in M c C lo y , P h y sicia n and Pathologist. C a p ta in B utterw o rth, S u rg e o n and A n m sthetist. C ap tain T a ylo r, Surgeon. Lieut. Ja ck so n , S urgeon . Lieut. H e n ry , S u rgeon . Lieut. W ils o n , S u rgeon . Lieut. P a terso n , S u rgeo n . Lieut. M atth ew s, S u rgeo n . Lieut. T h o m p s o n , S u rgeon . C aptain Coe, D e n tal S u rgeo n

194

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

Lieut. Hine, Quartermaster. Lieut.-Col. Barclay, Secretary and Treasurer. Matron, Miss Todd, R.R.C. Asst.-Matron, Miss Chittock. While the departure of the old members of the staff is regretted, the Order is fortunate in having been able to obtain the services of such efficient successors. H R H. the D uk e of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, and many other distinguished persons have visited the hospital, including representatives of nearly all the Allied nations. T h e Director of the Am bulance Department spent some days at the hospital in December. During his visit he presented the Insignia of Honorary Serving Sister of the Order to twelve Voluntary Aid Detachment Members serv ing in the hospital, also the Vellum Certificate of the Royal Hum ane Society to Captain C oe and Lieut. Hine for gallantry in rescuing Captain M cC loy from drowning. On his return, Lord Ranfurly reported his complete satisfaction with every detail of the hospital management. H e men tioned that all the patients he had spoken to referred in the highest terms to their treatment and all that was done for their comfort. H e ascertained that when a man who has been treated in the hospital was wounded a second time he always asked to be sent back there. Much has been done towards providing distractions for the patients. During September sports were held, at which some 250 guests were present. T h e silver cup, so kindly presented by the C h ief Commissioner, was won by Pte Grimes. T h e Christmas festivities were greatly enjoyed, and the presents made by the Ladies’ Committee to the staff were, thoroughly appreciated. T w o performances of the “ M ikado ” have been given and proved very successful. Colonel Trim ble reports that the hospital is maintain ing its reputation as one of the best, if not the best, in France. T h e cold weather was severely felt, and caused some sickness and discomfort to the staff, owing to the freezing of pipes and the shortage of coal. T h e Officer Commanding further reports some econo mies which he hopes will result in an annual saving of some jQ 5 500, without the comiort of the patients or staff being in any way affected.

N o te s

and

News.

T h e following have lately been added to the list of St. John Hospitals :— T h e St. John Hospital, Fitzjohns, Rugby, 50 beds. Parkhouse Hospital, Newbury, 25 beds. Rosemary Hospital, Harpenden, 35 beds. V .A .D . Hospital, Tattenball, Cheshire, 26 beds. St. John Hospital, Cottingham-road, Hull, 500 beds. T h e Broom Leys Hospital, Coalville, Leicester, 50 beds. Warren House, Mirfield, 24 beds. Hopton Grove, Mirfield, 8 beds. Auxiliary Hospital, Priestley Green, Halifax, 50 beds. West Holm e Auxiliary Hospital, Market Drayton, 35 Beds. In addition to the above, the following are in course of registration :—

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

April, 1917.

T h e St.John Auxiliary Hospital, Morecambe, 25 beds. Crow W ood Hospital, Sowerby Bridge, 50 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, Glanrhyd, Pontardawe, 90 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, Union Workhouse, P on tardawe, 60 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, T h e Quarr, Clydach, 40 beds St. John Auxiliary Hospital, St. Michael’s College, Llandaff, 175 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, Presbyterian Schools, Cardiff, 60 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, Q u ee n ’s-road Schools, Merthyr, 130 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, T h e Beeches, C aer philly, 60 beds. V T h e revised issue of paper 62, Medallion, L ib e l and Pendant Regulations, and Form A /H for the recognition of services, have been approved by the Ambulance C om mittee. ** * Lieut.-Col. George Barclay, Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, who is widely known in New Zealand as the Deputy-Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, has recently arrived in London on a few days’ leave from the front T h e Kin g of Monte negro recently awarded Lieut.-Col. Barclay the Order of Danilo (5th class) for meritorious services, and, as far as can be ascertained, he is the only native of New Zealand who has obtained this distinction. We offer our congratu lations to Lieut.-Col. Barclay on the well deserved distinc tion which he has received.

It is with the deepest regret that we have to announce the death of Dr. A. B. Voisin, President of the Jersey Centre of the Association, from blood poisoning contracted in the course of his work at the local hospital. Dr Voisin has thrown himself whole heartedly into all branches of the Order’s work in the Island and his death will be deeply felt. It is only fifteen months ago that he succeeded his nephew as President of the Centre.

Army Council instructions have been issued to the effect that in view of the increasing shortage in medical and nursing staff, no offers shall be accepted in future of auxiliary hospitals which do not contain at least 20 beds in hospitals for officers, or 40 beds in hospitals for other ranks. This instruction does not apply to existing auxiliary hospitals or proposed extensions thereof.

Pte. Harold Barlow, a member of the Market Harborough Division, S J.A.B., has been successful in gaining the Military Medal.

A series ot First Aid lectures are being held on Tuesday evenings at the Northampton Polytechnic Insti tute, from 7.30 to 9 o’clock. T h e fee for the course and examination is 3s. Application for admission should be addressed to the Lady Superintendent, Miss Tuck.

— F I R S T

April, 1917. CONTENTS

TH IS

I t is not easy to fathom the depth of infamy to which the German will descend, but the story of the C om m andant

NUMBER.

E d it o r ia l —

The Present Need of Ambulance Workers

185

.. .. .. ..

186 187 187 187

.. .. ..

188 188 189 190 191 192

D ist r ict R e p o r t s —

No. 1 ; No. 4 ; No. 6 No. 8... ... ... St. John Ambulance Association R a i l w a y Ambulance

...................

T h e S t . J o h n ’s A m b u l a n c e G a z e t t e —

Mrs. Louisa Smith Notes on the Old Hospitals of the Order ... Appeal for More V.A.D. Volunteers V.A.D. News ... The Use of “ Odd ” Knowledge... Death of Lieut.-Col. T. S. Parrott St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital Notes and News Brevities ... Queries and Answers to Correspondents The Great Explosion in London

AID. —

.. .. •• .. .. .. ..

193 194 195 196 198

brevities. Secretary of the Joint V .A .D . C o m mittee, speaking at Sutton Coldfield recently voiced the appreciation of the soldiers of the work done by the Red Cross and V .A .D . movements, and congratulated the Sutton W om en’s League on the splendid work they had done. T h e most startling thing about this war was that never in the history of any nation had there been devised M r. L o u is P e a rs o n ,

such diabolical means off taking life, shattering limb, and destroying men, and yet the British nation had risen to the occasion and staved of what otherwise would have made them go under. When the war was over, members of the V . A . D . ’s would be able to look back with pride and pleasure on the splendid work they had done during the most trying period of English history. It was true that the Germans were still retreating, but when they did stop they would fight, and then there would be overwhelming casual ties, for which such organisations as theirs must prepare. *** ' I n their annual report the Executive Committee of the Durham Mines Inspection District Ambulance League strongly urged upon all connected with mines and quarries the necessity of keeping up the good work of “ first aid,” despite the strenuous time all are experiencing. T h e y realise the difficulty of securing the ser vices of doctors to provide the necessary training, but feel they can confidently leave such matters in the hands

on the Western Front who, having fixed the headquarters in a chateau, had the house marked with the R e d Cross, will not easily be surpassed. After all, however, it is but a continuation of the trick, recorded in the early days of the war, of German soldiers who went into action in an am bul ance car similarly distinguished. T h e only explanation of such conduct apparently is that the H u n has definitely re nounced all claim to what the rest of the world recognises as honour and morality. *** the incidents in an ambulance display given by the ist London County V .A .D . recently at the E x pla in in g

College of Am bulance, Vere-street, to Princess Christian and other distinguished visitors, Colonel James Cantlie, the O.C ., said “ It is not good ambulance work to carry men shoulder high. It looks very nice in the pictures or on the stage, but as practical work it is not to be thought of. T h e famous Stonewall Jackson was being carried shoulder high, when one of the bearers was shot and he rolled off the stretcher and broke his neck.” * * * T h e Motor Am bulance Department of the War C o m mittee of the Joint R ed Croas has under construction a special vehicle for service on the Salonica front. It is a bacteriological laboratory on wheels, lightly built to meet the difficulties of a country where “ roads ” are often little more than names. A scientific man and his staff will have charge of the laboratory, and their duty will be to make research into disease germs which it is hoped scientific investigation on the spot may do much to conquer. T h e laboratory, which will be ready for service shortly, will be a gift to the French Government. Another new enterprise of the Am bulance Department is the provision of specially warmed and ventilated motor ambulance designed to dea[ with serious cases needing immediate attention near the fighting line. *** T he Joint War Committee is anxious to obtain a number of additional voluntary and unpaid motor-ambulance drivers for work with the units on No application can be entertained from for general military service (category A), B i , though a volunteer over the military

the Italian front. a man who is fit or who is classed age limit and up

to the age of 45 would be welcomed if he were of sound physique. H e must, of course, be a thoroughly experi enced motor-car driver, since skilful and careful driving is essential, and he will be asked to give his services for six months at least. Red Cross work on the Italian front has

of those who have in the past so ably worked to bring the

many points of interest, and would prove especially suitable

League to it present high state of usefulness and efficiency. T h e report further states that some 3,000 members have joined the Forces, and that excellent reports have been received as to the highly satisfactory way in which they have carried out their duties. Thanks are accorded

for those who have lived an outdoor life.

the examiners for the able and painstaking assistance on behalf of the League.

T h e voluntary

driver is given the rights and privileges of a sub-lieutenant in the Italian army, and while he has to supply his own uniform, similar in cut to an officer’s, he' is liable to no expenses for lodging and food. Details of service, with an application form, can be obtained from the Motor A m b u lance Department, Room 106, 83, Pall Mall, S.W. 1.

196

— F I R S T

Queries and Jlnsw ers Correspondents.

April, 1917.

AID. —

transmits heat. Under the circumstances quoted the best plan would be to place the patient on the clothing or blanket and to wrap it round him. This would effectually prevent any further loss of body heat by contact with the cold pavement. — N. Corbet

F letcher.

Q ueries w i ll be dealt w ith under the follow ing rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left ha nd co m er of

the envelope “ Q u ery ,”

a n d addressed— F i r s t A i d ,

addressed envelope,

w ill be

C. E. (Hampstead):— In Why and Wherefore in F irst A id (P- 79 ) you state that Smelling Salts have an indirect stimulating action on the heart. Can/lie (p. 96) advises the use of Smelling Salts as treatment for Internal Hfemorrhage. Since other forms of stimulants are definitely stated to be inadvisable, what value have Smelling Salts in these cases ? The facts are as stated. Indirect stimulation (e.g., Smelling Salts, Sprinkling face, &c.) is rapid in action but transient in effect, and must only be regarded as an adjunct to treatment. Smelling Salts (a preparation of Ammonium Carbonate with Lavender) is most useful in cases of Syncope because Ammonia is a powerful heart stimulant. For this reason, I believe that with Internal Haemorrhage and Head Injuries their use is best avoided, although they lack the urgent dangers of alcohol which is both brain and heart stimulant.— N. C o r bet

(1.) Attacks of Epilepsy may be m ild or severe. If mild, then sudden, complete and transient insensibility is often the only symptom. If severe, then there are 3 definite stages : ist, sudden and complete insensibility ; 2nd, convulsions, which consist of regular, rapidly passing to irregular, movements due to spasm of a ll the muscles ; 3rd, the automatic or sleep stage, during which the patient may act without conscious knowledge. (2) D. M. is mistaken on two points :— First, “ S ign s” and “ Symptoms”— in spite of the difference in their meanings (see Efficiency in F irst A id , p. 37) — are commonly used as synonymous terms in Medicine owing to practical difficulties in distinguishing between them. For example, the epileptic scream (which often marks the beginning of the second stage of the fit) is not a symptom, as D. M. suggests, but a sign— because it is the outward evidence of spasm of the respiratory muscles. Secondly, examinations are not exhibitions of trickery but are instituted to test the knowledge of candidates. The more thorough, therefore, the knowledge of the student, the less is the risk of subterfuge by the examiner.— N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r.

F l e tc h e r .

M. H. P. (Derby) asks :— When applying bandage for hand with fingers extended do you bring the point of the bandage over the front of wrist, as in a bleeding palm, or do you bring the back of wrist ? It is immaterial whether the point of the bandage is placed on the front or back of the wrist, as the injury and its dressing tor the more serious injury when both surfaces of the hand are involved) will obviously be kept uppermost.— N. C o r bet

D. M. (Bedlinog) :— (1) What are the symptoms of epilepsy? (2) This question was asked at an examination for Demonstrator Certificates, in which I was not successful. My difficulty was to know how to get symptoms from an insensible person. Therefore, I did not feel justified in giving the signs in case it might be a catch question, and, I said that, if seen just prior to falling into the fit, the patient might complain of being unwell and might scream

F le tc h e r .

M. H. P. (Derby) asks :— In No. 4 Stretcher Exercise does No. 2 Bearer, on the word “ advance” take two short paces and move forward, and on the word “ halt” does No. 1 bring himself into his original position with one long step? Or do both Bearers take short steps ? M. H. P., in his anxiety for attention to detail, is in danger of losing the spirit of the instructions which, as is clearly laid down in Cantlie, p. 187, require that the Bearers should move forward alternately. The length and number of the steps taken by each Bearer are immaterial, although in actual practice, the advance at each movement being about 12 to 15 inches, the Bearers do take the 2 short and 1 long steps respectively, as is suggested in the Query. — N. C o r b e t F le tc h e r .

C. M. (Holborn) referring to the Treatment of Shock asks us to state the most efficient mode of application of a blanket, coat or other “ covering” in cases where the patient is lying on the cold pavement or road on a frosty day, and enquires if it is really better to place the “ covering” on top of the patient (Cantlie, p. 135) or underneath. The value of a blanket, rug, coat, &c., is that it retains the body heat wherein it differs from a hot-water bottle which

C. C. (Mountain Ash) says that he is a coal miner at Mountain Ash, praises this Journal, and asks for the treatment of the following injuries which recently occurred to a man in his pit, viz. :— Simple fractures of femur and clavicle (both injuries on right side) and simple fracture of ribs (left side). C. C. does not state the position of the fractured ribs, and thereby omits a most essential detail which complicates the answer to his Query. The fractured fermur is the most serious injury and requires immediate treatment, which is carried out at once and in the ordinary way. If the upper (true) ribs are broken, then the bandage which fixes the upper ends of the splints will also control the ribs. The fractured clavicle is next treated, and, if the lower (false) ribs are broken, then these can be controlled by reversing the transverse bandage which secures the right arm to the body. By this means pressure of the knot on the broken ribs is avoided. Lastly, in place of the sling, which should accompany fractured ribs, it is advisable to adopt the improvised method of pinning sleeve to coat, as laid down in Cantlie, p. 40.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

E. O. M. ( C a r d i f f ) A boy was thrown from his cycle on a tarred-gravel road, and sustained a very dirty wound on his knee. I applied some Iodine on a piece of boracic ( Continued on page 198.)

FREEMANS REAL TURTLE SOUP made in a minute with Freemans Real Turtle Cubes. F o u r i n a b o x . 1 /-

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April

1917

F I R S T

A I D -

197

FIRST-AID A BLAND & PA IN LESS — IODINE D R E S S I N G . — Aseptic.

Antiseptic. I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit-— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

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— F I R S T ('Continued from page 196.) lint and bandaged up. A few days later the boy informed me that as the result of application of Iodine he had a sore red ring where the Iodine touched and the wound was not healed. (1) Would the soreness be caused through the Iodine ? (2) Was my treatment correct? (1) Delayed healing c f a wound may be due to (1) its situation, i.e., in the region of a flexible part, e.g., the knee or immediately above bone, e.g., kneecap, tibia, &c. ; (2) its character, i.e., contused and lacerated wounds are always slow to heal ; and (3) any complication present, i.e., foreign bodies, infection with germs at or subsequent to the accident, asso ciated injury, e.g., burn, scald, &c., contamination with irritant agents, e.g., tar, &c. Presuming, therefore, that the wound was contused, we note that all three causes were present, and may explain both the soreness and the apparent delay in healing. (2) It is an open question whether or no Iodine should be used for wounds contaminated with Tar, because both agents are antiseptics and irritants. Since, however, in this case there was certainly dirt and probably little or no Tar present in the wound, then it was right to paint the wound and surrounding parts with Iodine, but absolutely wrong to apply it on lint. The latter method would draw out the irritant properties of Iodine, and might explain the “ sore red ring ” noted round the wound.— N.

C o r bet

April, 1-917.

AID. —

The

Great

Explosion

in E a s t Lo nd o n.

O n February 4th their Majesties the K ing and Queen and Her Royal Highness Princess Mary, accompanied by Sir Chas. Cust, Bt., paid a visit to the explosion area. Their Majesties drove up in a motor and, alighting, proceeded to inspect the ruins. Returning they approached the Ambulance Station T en t belonging to the Becktun Division, at which Privates Bigg and Holt were on duty. Private Bigg formed the men up in line, giving the order “ A tte n tio n ” as the Royal party approached, and saluted. His Majesty the K in g asked the men how long after the explosion our people were there, and was informed about a quarter of an hour. Their Majesties asked a number of questions, and at the conclusion of the inter view the K in g said, “ I thank you all for the great work you have done,” Her Majesty adding, “ Yes, they have done a splendid work.”

F le tc h e r .

F. C. (Manchester) :— Is Iodine the correct thing to use when dressing wounds of young children ? Does not the smart ing cause as much Shock to a child as the injury itself? Is there anything else which might be used in such cases? Yes. Tincture of Iodine provides the quickest, safest and most efficient dressing in an emergency. One application causes a transient tingling but (unless repeated) no pain. Therefore, there cannot be any additional Shock. See Query in March issue. An alternative dressing is dry Boracic Lint. — N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

D o l t o n ’s M e d a l C l a s p . — On a previous occasion we have called the attention of our readers to this clever invention, of which an advertisement appears in this Journal. AH readers who have purchased the medal clasp are highly satisfied with it, it keeps medals neat and there is no fear of them being lost Special short screws are supplied for nurses.

C. P. (Cardiff) :— (1) Is it correct to incline towards injured side a patient with complicated fracture of ribs? (2) Is this position correct for a patient with fracture of pelvis ? (3) Do the feet fall outwards in fractured pelvis ? (4) Is it correct to apply extension in compound frac ture of leg when bone protrudes ? f 1) Yes. By keeping the patient on his back and inclined slightly towards injured side, you facilitate the working o f the uninjured lung, on which —when its fellow is seriously affected — the patient will depend for his supply of oxygen. (2) No. The lungs are not implicated. Furthe-, if you tilt the patient towards either side, you will twist the spinal column and so aggravate the injury by throwing an extra strain on the fractured pelvis. Keep patient lying flat on his back. (3) No. Eversion of the foot is due partly to the natural weight of the limb and partly to the anatomical arrangement of the muscles attached to the head of the femur. It is, there fore, almost positive evidence of fracture o f the neck of the femur, but is sometimes seen with fracture of the shaft and also with fractures of both bones of the leg. It is not present with fractured pelvis, because, the column of the lower limb being unbroken, these causes of eversion of the foot do not come into action. (4) No. It is absolutely wrong for a First-Aider to attempt extension with a compound fracture, whether the bone protrudes or not. — N. C O R B E T F l e t c h e r . In an article which appeared in our February issue on “ A T hree Purpose Sidecar ” we stated that the blocks were kindly lent to us by the M otor Cycle This should have been The M otor Cycle. VVe were also indebted to the Editor of that publication for supplying us with the particu lars of this invention.

for

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— F I R S T

April, 1917

ST.

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April, 1917

A ID .—

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H a v in g found, as a result o f practical experience, how unsatisfactory is the present system o f M ed a l fix t u r e s , I hav e patented an absolutely “ R e l i a b l e ” M edal and Rib b on Cl as p, which entirely does a way with safety pins or sewing. It is light, neat, strong; is easily fixed b y means of fino-er screws, and holds the medals and ribbon quite tight to the cloth. M a d e with special short screws for Nurses.

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1917.

Dalb. Rbvnolds & C o .,L t d ., 46. C a t non St. L o n d o n , B . C . . to w hom all com m unication* should be

addressed

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JOHN

THE

AM BULANCE Edited by A R T H U R

No. , 75 - V o l .

X X III.

N OTICE

-----

DALE.

MAY, W READERS.

GAZETTE. *< s e „ y

„ a:t,

war standard of training and practice,

but

some

new

scheme must be devised by which their services can be F I R S T A I D is published on the a o t h o t e a c h m o n t h . Annual Subscription is 2S.

The

6 d. post free ; single copies 2 d.

usefully employed on a voluntary basis, or they will be lost to the Red Cross Organisation. In

other countries the Red Cross undertake many

duties in the nature of public health work,

which has

proved of much benefit to the community ; for instance,

reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied

the American Red Cross have an organisation of Red

(not necessarily f o r p u b lica tio n ) by the nam e and address o f the Correspondent.

Cross Rural Nursing, which has been able to do much

Subscriptions, Ad ve rtis em en ts and other business Co mm unications connected with F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE,

R E Y N O L D S & CO ., L t d . , 4 6, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E . C . 4. Telegraphic A d d r ess: 11Tw enty-four, London. ” Telephone N o. 5 4 7 7 B a n k .

good to bring home to the country the

realisation

Rural healthy

some such work is needed here,

population of conditions.

that

Surely

and would give much

scope to the V .A .D . workers who would only be willing and anxious to carry it out.

It is the time now to organise

such schemes and not wait until war is concluded.

EDITORIAL.

Another point on the V .A .D .

question, which has

recently been called attention to by the daily press, is the The

further appeal for V .A .D . workers

fact that the duties the V .A .D . workers perform does not

The Future

recently issued points to

the

urgent

give them a shadow of hope of promotion, however good

Prospects of

necessity of their services

Military

the work or however high the intelligence devoted to its

the

V .A .D . ’s. Auxiliary and V .A .D . Hospitals.

This

call, like many others which have been made, will be patriotically responded to in spite of the fact, as

The

Times

rightly points out, that at present

the prospect of years of devotion to hospital work by the V .A .D . member leads to nothing but a “ blind a ll e y ” of occupation. Many of these women who have so splendidly thrown themselves into the V .A .D . work are anxious and keen to adopt nursing as a professional career, but they are unable to do so without undergoing the full three years course of general training in spite o f their two to twoand-a-half years’ war experience ; surely it is time some arrangement should be made whereby their services as war probationers should be allowed to count as part of their three years general training as probationers.

Some such

arrangement, we feel sure, would give much satisfaction to those who desire to enter the nursing profession, a liking to which they have gained by their war experiences. Another aspect of the situation is, what is going to happen to all the V . A D. workers after the war ?

It is

certain that they will not be content to go back to the pre

service.

As a correspondent in The Times points out,

“ N o official effort has been made to grade or to promote them on merit, and not in any instance have they been promoted to the rank of staff-nurse or sister.

Is any

organisation obtaining the best work out of its workers which gives no hope of promotion ?

Is it to be wondered

at, if the best of the members of the V . A . D . ’s and special military probationers are frequently lured away to other callings and fields of work ?” The N ursin g Times commenting on the subject, says : “ W e think the finest characters among V .A .D . members_ those who have gone on doing the work to hand, though its dull at whiles— will not join in this clamour for pro motion. T h e y know the fully “ trained ” nurse has had three years training.................and is not promoted or put into any sort of authority until her third year.” We think this is a narrow view to take of the position ; these women have come forward in an emergency, and some form of promotion should be given them. W e would not suggest that the promotion should in any way affect the status of the fully “ train ed ” nurse, but should be in the nature of a temporary appointment similar to the temporary commis sions granted in the army.

— F I R S T

202

J h * Grand J r io r g of the Grder of the H o sp ita l of S t . J o h n o l J eru sa lem in S n g la n d . AMBULANCE

Jh e S t. No. 1 District. D epu ty

DEPARTM ENT.

J o h n .A m bulance B rig a d e.

D ISTR ICT

O R D E RS.

C o m m issio n e r :

W IN N Y.

J U N E , 1917. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 3rd.— No. 38Division, L.B.S.C-R-, Victoria. „ 10th.— No. 40 „ Beckton. „ 17th.— No. 42 „ Barnet. „ 24th.— No. 44 „ West London. From 2.30 p.m. to 8 p.m. Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. B R I G A D E FORM S. Attention was called two months ago to the fact that the Brigade Forms B.F. 1, and B.F. 3, which should have been completed and sent in to District Head Quarters in October last, have, in the case of a number of Divisions, not been sent in. The position is very little better now, and unless Divisions will take the trouble to send these returns in, it may be necessary to take serious notice of the omission. Neglect to send in these forms, causes considerable extra work for Headquarters Staff. The records are dealt with under unfavourable, circumstances owing to rearrangements which have to be made from time to time due to the absence of the original staff, and members of the Divisions also suffer as grants of Service Badges, etc., for the year ended September 1916, cannot be made until the Divisional returns come to Headquarters, also the Annual Report cannot be adequately compiled without the information given in these forms. It is hoped that the Officers and M/Charge of Divisions who are usually late with their returns, will this year make up their minds to help the Headquarters Staff, as well as their own members, by more promptly attending to this matter. F IR S T AID A N D N U R S IN G CLASSES. Constant enquiries are made by would be members of the Brigade, as to when and where they can join a class in First Aid or Home Nursing. It will be of great assistance if Divisional Officers, when organising classes open to persons outside their Division, will give early advice to Headquarters, so that the information may be conveyed to enquirers. It is hoped to arrange for a limited number of Stations for Open Space Duty on Whit Monday. On Easter Monday it was found that in some cases stations were not manned where expected. To prevent a re currence of this, Officers and Members in Charge of Divisions should ascertain at the earliest possible moment what men will be available, and whether any of the Stations provided for in ordinary times by them, cannot now be provided for. This information is required early so that Nursing Sisters may not be appointed to Stations where an Ambulance Division cannot also take duty. (Signed) W. H. W I N N Y , Deputy-Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. No. 70 ( “ R o y a l K e n s i n g t o n ” ) D i v i s i o n . — The Division reports the death on Active Service of Private Reader, R.N.A.S.B.R., who died in Haslar Hospital. Deepest regret is felt by the members of the Division on the loss of such an ardent worker, and the members’ sympathies are with Mrs. Reader and family. Pte Reader enlisted at the commencement of war, and served on H.M.S. “ Plassey,” and at the time of his death was serving on H.M.S. “ Diadem.” The funeral

AID. —

M a y , i 9 17

took place at Hammersmith Cemetery, and a party under Sergt. Gosling, R.M.L.I., attended from the Ship with floral tributes. A wreath from the Division was taken by Messrs. Millard and Wolfe. Sergt.-Major R. W. Stone, R.A.M.C., and Mrs. Stone attended. The Division appreciate the feeling of sympathy and kindness shown by the Officers and Men of H.M.S. “ Diadem” at the loss of their comrade, also from his mates on H.M.S. “ Plassey.” U n d e r g r o u n d R a i l w a y s ( N o . 77) D i v i s i o n . — The second annual concert was held at the “ Albert Stanley Institute, Hammersmith, W., on Tuesday, April 17th. A good programme was given to a full house, the artistes who gave their services free, being ably assisted by the accompanists Misses W. Grace and V. Ottley. A First Aid display was given by members of the Division to show the need of this useful work. The chair was takeu by Mr. H. £. Blain, operating manager ; other officers of the Company also attended, Dr. Carvell, Assistant Commissioner, representing the Brigade. A pleasant evening was enjoyed, and no doubt some recruits will be obtained in consequence. W a l t h a m s t o w ( N o . 29) D i v i s i o n . — Now that the ambu lance station is an established fact, the members intend to make good use of the very convenient lecture hall. In addi tion to work, such as lectures, drill, etc., for which it is pri marily intended, it is capable of being turned to other uses ; this was done last month, when the members and friends, in cluding the nurses of No. 11 Nursing Division, met and had a most enjoyable musical evening, under the presidency of Superintendent Blum. During the evening Superintendent Blum said a few words relative to the object of the gathering, viz. :— “ T o have an enjoyable time together, and to take a collection toward the cost of an ambulance band, which he had set out to get, and he had no doubt he would accomplish if all would help.,” W e do not think he will be disappointed, and believe it will soon be in evidence, as most of the members are keen, and no doubt many of them are, or will make, excellent musicians. Splendid progiess is being made by the Division. New classes are being organised, which will result in increased membership.

No. 3 District. T a m w o r t h . — A whist drive and dance was held at the Town Hall, on April 17th, to provide Brigade equipment. A useful number of prizes were given and the evening proved a great success, a sum of ^26 7s. being realised. No. 5 District. B o s t o n .— The annual meeting of the Division was held on May 4th at which Divisional Supt. Husson presided. The Divisional Secretary’s report states that the past year has been trying and difficult in many respects owing mainly to the number of members continually decreasing due to military demands, in consequence of which the Division has had to discontinue some of its useful work. Approximately the Division has 70 members on service and during the year it has dealt with 259 cases of first aid and 33 removals and its members have performed much useful work on the occasion of air raids. N O T T I N G H A M / — A public meeting will shortly be held in Lenton district of Nottingham to advocate the formation of a new Ambulance Division for this large district where tbe danger of accidents is great owing to the character of the neighbourhood. The Corps continues to develop its activities very success fully in spite of the fact that many of its members have recently joined the Army. Although the Corps funds show a deficit of ,£40, there is every prospect of meeting all liabilities in the near future. The arrangements made by the Corps for the repair of artificial limbs are complete, and some useful and necessary repairs have been already carried out in a most workmanlike manner, thus saving our wounded soldiers all expense in that direction. The headquarters hope to provide a definite system for carrying out these repairs which will put the movement on a sound and permanent basis.

May, 1917.

— F I R S T

H A N L E Y — A successful whist drive was held in the Central Girls School on May 2nd, the proceeds being for the benefit of the Divisional funds. Over 100 persons attended, and a very enjoyable evening was spent. Divisional Surgeon Dr. A. Aikin presided and presented to the successful com petitors the prizes. During the course of his remarks reference was made to the splendid work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in France and other theatres of war Officer E. Dudley gave an interesting report of the work of the Division, also of the work of the Brigade at home. The Division is composed of 1 divisional surgeon, 1 ambulance officer, 3 N.C.O.’s and 33 privates. Eight members of the Division are on active service in various branches of His Majesty’s Forces. A course of lectures have just commenced, and the recruits number 40, which promises to make the Division one of the strongest in the district.

AID. —

203

In terch an geable

S id e c a r

S t a n d a r d C h a s sis . A r e a d e r (Mr. H. A. Green) sends the following d e s c r i p tion of a convertible sidecar which is being used in connec tion with the Finchley Special Constabulary :— Provision is made for carrying a stretcher o f standard dimensions at a suitable height, which is done by four lugs attached to the springs suitably braced. T h e stretcher is secured to these by a fly-nut to each. A sidecar is built outside this ambulance support and secured to the springs in the usual manner, then cut in two

No. 6 District. H U L L . — Under the auspices of the Central Nursing Division a class on Home Hygiene has been held extending over three months, with excellent results, the whole of the candidates having passed the examination. Assistant Com missioner Dr. Hammersley Johnston was the lecturer, ably assisted by Mr. J. D. Vaughan, A.R.S.I., district treasurer. The officers know at the present time there is great need of a thorough knowledge of the means of prevention in the spread ing not only of diseases but of vermin, etc., which is and will continue to be brought into the country as the inevitable result of war conditions. The Association publishes an exceedingly good text-book on the subject, and other divisions should arrange classes for this branch of the work. The subject is a little difficult but most interesting, and the members thoroughly enjoyed the lectures.

jtaitwau Jlmbulance. horizontally allowing the stretcher to clear the base when S. E. & C. R . — A very successful concert was held in top is removed. the Town Hall, Chatham, on Wednesday, May 3rd. T h e permanent base on which either a pleasure top, a Although the Town Hall is a spacious building, and the stretcher, or any suitable commercial body can be attached seating accommodation was increased to the full capacity of in one minute. T h e mode of attachment is somewhat a the hall, hundreds had to be turned away. T h e concert matter of detail, but generally the simple attachment of was in aid of the funds of the No. 4 District Corps, and we No. 1 to the lugs will be most practicable. are very gratified to learn that this fund has benefitted very A covering for the patient is provided, as shown in considerably as a result. T h e musical programme was in illustration, made of three ply wood, semi-elliptic, having charge of Mr. W. Deller, who took to Chatham a number of artistes whose names were sufficient in themselves to ensure the success of the event. W e congratulate the members of the No. 4 District Corps on the result of their undertaking. L. B. & S . C. R . — T h e Earl of Bessborough, Chairman of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway C o m pany, who is also President of that C om pany’s Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, in the presence of the general manager and other officers of the Company, presented to Mr. James King, the Secretary of the Centre, on Monday, April 23rd, a framed engrossment on vellum of a resolution of thanks to Mr. K in g for his services in ambulance work, passed by the Chapter General of the Order and bearing the signature of H . R .H . the D uke of Connaught, the Grand Prior. T h e Centre has been in existence since November, 1905, during the whole of which time Mr. K in g has been secretary, and over 30,000 cases of accident, of more or less serious character, have been treated by members of the Company’s staff, of whom between 4,000 and 5,000 have been granted certificates by the Association. In thanking Lord Bessborough for making the pre sentation, Mr. King made a graceful allusion to the ser vices of Mr. Girling, of Brighton, the Assistant Secretary of the Centre.

due regard to access to patient, ventilation and absolute immunity from the elements. A blanket, pillow and an extra canvas sheet, together with a full length set of splints, and a portable box, carried behind, containing first aid requisites form the equipment. T h e cover simply fits on and buttons to the stretcher. W h e n co rr esp o n d in g w i t h A d v e r tis e r s please m ention “ F i r s t A id ,”

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

J OH N

AMBULANCE

G AZETTE.—

May

1917.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. M r. W i l l i a m R a t t r a y . M r . W i l l i a m R a t t r a y has been Honorary Secretary of the Auckland Centre from 1895 with the exception o f a

short period in 19 12-3, when he acted as Honorary Treasurer. Mr, Rattray is an Honorary Serving Brother of the Order, and it is in a large measure due to his untiring energy and ability that the work of the Order in Auckland has attained the position it holds to-day.

T h e Y e a r in C a n a d a . I n the year 19 1 0 a branch o f the St. John Ambulance Association was established in Canada. An A c t to Incor porate the General Council o f the Canadian Branch of the St. John Am bulance Association received the Ro>al assent on the 12th June, 1914, “ by and with the advice and con sent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada.” During the six years which have thus elapsed since the inception of the Canadian Branch, 49,840 persons have been instructed in the various courses organised by the Association. In every province Provincial Councils are established and the Order’s work has spread over the Continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

During the tenure of office of the late GovernorGeneral, H . R .H . T h e Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, great progress was made and the work of the General Council received a great deal of official encouragement. In the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan it has been made compulsory for normal school students to obtain a first aid certificate before being granted a license to teach. One hundred and fifty thousand copies of an abridged edition of Cantlie’s " F ir s t Aid to the Injured ” have been printed by the Department of Militia in both English and French for the use of the men of the Canadian Expedi tionary Force. Over 130,000 of these men have been taught the important principles of first aid and have received a thorough grounding in the arrest of haemorrhage, treat ment of fractures, artificial respiration and resuscitation, as well as in the best methods of bandaging and carrying the wounded. T h e Canadian Military Authorities have been among the first to realise the value of a systematic training in such matters and the results have more than justified expecta tion. Reports from Training Camps and from the trenches give hundreds of instances in which first aid instruction a c quired in Canada has been the means of saving many lives and an infinite amount of suffering. An officer of the 46th Battery, writing to a Kingston newspaper, refers as follows to men possessing first aid training.— In September, T911, the first detachment of the St. John Am bulance Brigade Overseas in Canada was raised in Toronto. Since then the Brigade has developed para passu with the Association and ils units, of which there are now 39 Ambulance Divisions and 22 Nursing Divisions, will be found in all parts of the Dominion. T n e personnel at the end of 1916 was nearly 2,000 “ Men of this kind can save dozens of lives per day. Many who are wounded and can walk go straggling back to the dressing station. Sometimes they have someone to accompany them and sometimes not. In many cases they get lost when it is dark and that is the last of them. I took probably a dozen of such men into my dug-out and tied up their wounds then sent them to the dressing station. This was in our last position on the Somme, where we were about 2,500 yards from the front line.” T h e formation of Voluntary A id Detachments was commenced in Canada in August, T914. T h e principal officials of the St. John Am bulance Association, the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas and the Canadian Red Cross Society, together with the Director General of Medical Services of the Department of Militia, met in conference at Government House at Ottawa- and allocated the duty of organisation to the St. John Ambulance Asso ciation in accordance with the scheme prepared by the Department of Militia. Surgeon-General G. Carlton Jones was at that time Director-General of Medical Services, and it is to him that the credit for the organisation of medical aid in Canada is chiefly due. When, shortly afterwards, he left for Overseas

May, 1917.

— FIRST

AID

THE

ST.

as Director-General of the Canadian Medical Services, official interest in the Voluntary Aid Detachments waned. T h e work, however, was carried on principally in the sea ports for the benefit of troops proceeding abroad and for the returning sick and wounded. Latterly there has been a great demand for the services of these members. N ot only are they now working as probationers in the various military hospitals and convalescent homes, but they are also assist ing in furnishing many of these and in providing comforts and luxuries for the soldiers accommodated in them. T h e y supply refreshments for troops passing through or stationed in their localities, and they provide motor transports for the men returning. T here are at present five of these detachments, and more are being raised. In addition, some 60 members of Brigade Overseas and Association Detachments are serving in this country and abroad. So successful has this experi ment proved that the Chairman of the Joint V .A .D . C o m mittee has again, within the last few weeks, asked the self-governing Colonies to send a further detachment of 250 members. By one ot the last mails intimation has been received to the effect that it has now been decided to transfer the Voluntary A id Detachments from the Association to the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, and it is assumed that the Brigade Overseas will, in future, undertake their formation. This is a very convenient arrangement for the brigade organisation specially lends itself to the purpose. Its members receive a thorough grounding in the essential subjects of firstaid and homenursing, they learn to voluntarily submit themselves to discipline and they acquire a sufficient knowledge of drill to enable them to move with precision. All these are important points in their training but, as has been pointed out in these columns, the Voluntary Aid Detachment of the future must include among its members representatives of every branch of war work which women may be called upon to perform. T h e Ambulance and Nursing Division of the Brigade Overseas have a useful mission in civil life in peace time, and should occasion arise they can be converted rapidly into Voluntary Aid Detachments in war time. A pamphlet entitled “ What to do in case of accid en t” has been published by the Canadian Council and has a wide circulation. From the foregoing particulars it will be seen that the Canadian branch is prospering and the appointment of the Duke of Devonshire as Governor-General is a happy augury for the continued development of the Order’s work in that country. Their Excellencies attended the annual meeting of the Canadian Branch held at the City Hall at Ottawa on the 19th February, 1917. In the course of his speech on this occasion the newly appointed Governor-General, who is a Knight of Grace of the Order, announced his interest in the work of the Association and the encouraging words which he addressed to a large and appreciative audience gave lively satisfaction. His Excellency pointed out that at the last annual meeting, H . R .H . T h e D uke of C o n naught had said that whereas the Red Cross Society was essentially a war organisation, the St. John Ambulance Association is one which operates not only in war but is intended to perform, and has already succeeded in carrying out a very great work in peace time as well. It is not only to its war organisation but also to its peace organisation that their thoughts should be directed to ensure that when ever the end of the war may come it may be possible to further extend the Association’s sphere of operations in the

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE.—

205

light of the knowledge and experience which had been gained during the great struggle now in progress. His Excellency welcomed the representatives o f the Police and Railways at the meeting, for he felt sure that c o operation with the great municipal institutions throughout the length and breadth of the country would benefit the community as a whole. T h e work had already obtained a firm footing on the Canadian Railways, among the mining communities and in the manufacturing and industrial areas. T h e more its benefits can be seen in actual practice the more confident he felt that they would receive increased public support. Having referred to the generosity of Mr. W allace Nesbit, which had enabled them to provide a suitable em blem for all those returning from the Front, His Excellency said that he would appeal to them now as he had frequently done to his hearers before, not to relax their efforts until victory was assured. A climax must be reached in the course of the next few months, but they must realise that the enemy was full of resource and ingenuity and would resort to any means to gain his object. H e was confident that in the long run we should prevail, but they must recognise that before succees was ensured many difficulties and troubles would have to be faced. When victory had been secured and peace once more restored the work of the St. John Am bulance Association would be continued with fresh energy and vigour.

The S t H o s p ita l

John A m b u lan ce B r ig a d e Depot, B e lg ra v e Square.

St. John Am bulance Brigade Hospital Depot has now been at work for about four months and it may interest some of the readers o f F i r s t A i d to learn something of the work which has been accomplished. T h e number of bales of bandages, & c , sent to Etaples during the past month was 14, containing 8,774 articles (including bandages, swabs, splints, cSre.), thus bringing up the total number of bales sent out since work was begun to 44, and the number of articles to no less than 2 3 i 7 24 It is satisfactory to know that all the bales dispatched have arrived safely, and letters have been received from Colonel Trimble, who is in command of the Hospital, stating that the contents have been exceedingly satisfactory and useful, and emphasising the necessity of carrying on the work without remission, as the Hospital is now always full, owing to the severe fighting, and the cases received there are of a very grave character. Owing to the liberal financial support accorded to the Depot there is an ample supply of material waiting to be made up into bandages, &c., but the need of the moment is workers, and it is hoped that this report may meet the eye of some who are willing and able to devote some of their time to this class of work, which was never more urgent than now. Lady Perrott, the Lady Supt. in C hief of the Brigade, is also Supt. of the Depot and will be very glad to hear from anyone willing to help. T h e Depot is open every morning except Saturdays, from 10 till 1.15) and on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays in the afternoon from 2 till 5 o’clock. It is within five minutes of Victoria Station, and of the H y d e Park Station on the Tube. Innumerable omnibuses also pass within a few minutes walk. A specially designed badge will be given to workers who put in a specified number of attendances. T h e

206

— FIR ST

A lt)

THE

ST.

JOHN

T h e G r a n d P r io r y of t h e O rder of th e H o s p ita l of S t . Jo h n of J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d . Chancery o f the Order, St. fo h n ’s Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E .C ., M arch 30th, I Q 1 7 . His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :—

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

May, 1917.

Marie, Madame Bohny. Henry Richard Smith. Henry George Hill. Captain Edward John Buckley, R.A.M.C. Captain Reginald Cheyne Elmslie, M.S., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., R.A.M.C. (T.F.).

V .A .D . The

News.

follow in g notes are k in d ly supplied a n d edited by V .A .D . H eadquarters D epartm ent of the Joint V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear m onthly under the above heading.— E d i t o r .

A s K nig ht o f fustice (from K n ig h t o f Grace) : The Earl Beauchamp, K.G., K.C.M.G. Col. Edward Douglas Browne-Synge-Hutchinson, V . C . . C.B. A s Knights o f G race: Sir Francis Henry May, K.C.M.G. Major Walter Sydney Masterman. Colonel George Henry Barefoot, C.B., C.M.G., R.A.M.C. William Ellis Hume-Williams, K.C.,M.P. Sir Ernest Michael Clarke. A s Ladies o f Grace : Emma, Miss Molyneux. Ruth Eveline, Miss Darbyshire, R.R.C. The Lady Margaret MacRay of Feoirlinn. Majorie Cecilia, The Lady Nunburnholme. Winifred, Countess of Dundonald. Mary Eleanor, Mrs. Gwynne Holford. A s Honorary Serving Brothers : William Frederick Blay. Sergeant-Major William Spelling Toye, R.A.M.C. F o r Enrolm ent as Honorary Associate: William Sinclair Fraser, L.R.C.P. M ay 4th, 1Q 17. A s K nights of Grace : Major Sir Edward Scott Worthington, C.M.G., M.V.O., M.D. John Arthur Stamford de Grey. Lieut.-Colonel Frank Warburton Begbie, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., R.A.M.C. (from Honorary Associate). A s Honorary Knights o f G ra ce: His Excellency Alexis Illyine. His Excellency Aanatole Czamanski. His Excellency Boris Ignatieff. A s Ladies o f Grace : Sarah Trumbull, Mrs. Warren. Helena Augusta Victoria, Lady May. Vesta Viola, Mrs. Henderson. Edith, Mrs. Stevens. A s E squires: Surgeon- Lieut.-Col. James Stuart Brooke, V.D., F.R.C.S.l. (from Honorary Serving Brother). Major David Charles Edward ffrench Comyn. A s Honorary Serving Brothers : Herbert Boswell Brierley. Henry Angus Watson. William George Hillyer. Sidney Gregory Halbert. Alderman William Bagshaw. Thomas Cawthorne Amery. A s Honorary Serving Sisters : Mary Alexandria, Miss Ward, R.R.C. F o r Enrolment as Honorary Associates. Allan Mackie Garnock Walker, L.R.C.P. and L.R.C.S. E d . Edward Frederick Pratt, M.B., L.RC.P. Herbert Skipworth, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.

T h e Press has opened its columns widely to the urgent and pressing appeal of the Director-General of National Service for V . A . D . ’s, and yet more V . A . D . ’s for hospital service at home and abroad. A t present there are 80,000, filling, as our readers know well, the most varied posts and doing all kinds of work in the cause of the sick and wounded, and yet the cry goes up for more. Indeed, 4,000 to 5,000 are needed immediately. A special qualifi cation form is issued from National Service Headquarters to all women who apply there, and these applications will be returned to the Director, W om en’s Branch, National Service Headquarters, to be sorted by a Board on which the V .A .D . Selection Board will have a representative. T h e forms of all suitable applicants will then be sent to Devonshire House for distribution to the counties in which the applicants have addresses in order that those who are suitable for service as V .A .D . members may be enrolled with their county. It is recommended to County Directors that such recruits shall be enrolled to form a Reserve Detachment, the members of which will wear the uniform of the Society to which their Detachment belongs. This arrangement will in no way interfere with the existing arrangements, as no applications from V .A .D . members will be accepted through National Service channels, but must be sent up in the usual way through the Commandants and the County Director. *** Miss E. Montgomery, Cheshire 58, writes to point out that the Service stripe, being made of woollen material, is a disadvantage, since, being sewn on cotton overalls, it shrink at a different rate when washed, and has fre quently to be taken off and resewn after washing. She suggests that it should be made instead of cotton braid. We are pleased to be able to inform her that the change has taken place, and this material is now employed. V T h e Commandant-in-Chief sends us the following characteristic letter from a well-known V .A .D . in charge of a R e d Cross Hostel in France, whose buoyant spirit and abounding courage will be helpful to those of lesser faith. Perhaps in some dark moment of discouragement its loyal and enthusiastic phrasing may be recalled to support a fellow V . A . D . ’s halting steps over a thorny place. A n d so we print it just as it stands :— I have been meaning to write to you for ages, but my head has been just like a mangel wurzel, which is a feeling like nothing else on earth, and one keeps thinking one will wake up to find it is made of some better sort of con sistency, but it seems to be rather permanent— perhaps spring and France combined ! I didn’t somehow get a bit what I meant to you ; I must say I never dreamt you did not appreciate the V.A.D .’s— goodness, no; only I never realised till I came here how big a thing it is— this intangible V.A.D. spirit. This is put badly— I can’t write anything printable ; it’s the unwritable things I should write.

May, i 9 J7-

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

It isn’t good, of couree, what you say about 47 out of 59 terminating their contracts after six months. O f course there are probably many reasons : so many sisters come out in turn, one doing six months in France and then home work, and the other comes out. Some think they can leave their parents for six months, yet with oldish parents, nine months or a year, which leave so often must mean to meet “ the exigencies of the service,” is rather longer than they can do for their people’s sake, not their own. Of course, the attitude of home life has had to be adjusted to war conditions ; it is no longer a case of “ there must be one daughter at home.” The parents have got to “ carry o n ” these days and 1 think it is absolutely splendid the way most of them do, for the sacrifice is much too much for them. But some don’t “ ju m p ” to the new idea of things ; also I do believe that, like the men, who heaps of them did not join till they were definitely told they were wanted, V.A.Ds. want this too, and they are being told now. But a month or two ago one met the feeling very much that there were swarms of V.A.D .’s behind them, waiting to take their places, if they eft. As one Military V.A.D. said to me, a V.A.D .’s motto when she dies would be, “ Hardly missed” !

JOHN

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

207

“ sticking i t ” is the one thing that matters just now. The time has gone by for amateur work, and whether it is responsible work in Hospitals, or work far behind the lines (like my own), it is all part of a tremendous wheel, and it matters much that we go on pushing for all we are worth. Sometimes ideals want sticking up again, and to make whatever work one has got, as perfect as it can possibly be, going one better oneself all the time, is practically the most one can do ; and if there is one thing on earth we’re going to be quite unashamedly proud of, it’s of being V .A.D .’s. The winter grimness is over, the summer push is beginning, and we’ll k e y ‘ up the standard of our work wherever it is, and go for it for all we are jolly well worth The things that are unwritten one would like to write, and the things that are unsaid one would like to say. W e ’ve got a big ideal, and that is ah one wants on earth, and I think most of us hold ourselves pledged to stick to you and the V.A.D. Organisation, ^iving in our turn the uttermost amount of loyalty, the uttermost amount of trust, and the uttermost inch of work. Here’s an outburst quite illegible and illiterate, more or less enjoyablej, to write in between being a housemaid

The photograph which appears above shows a f'irst Aid Class, composed of incapaciated prisoners of war transferred from Germany to Switzerland. One examination under the rules of the S.J.A.A. has already taken place and another class is commencing. The instruction and examination has been carried out by Swiss doctors, and Major Charley, R.I.Rifles, has kndly acted as Class Secretary. To me— and I think now I have seen rather a lot of the different types of work out here— I think the V.A.D. spirit is the finest thing on earth. Those in Hospitals, Military and Red Cross, have kept up a tremendously high standard and a big ideal, and their spirit has a strong power. They don’t assess themselves very high ; they don’t mind what work they take on ; they don’t want recognition or praise, and through all the slack times of waiting, as well as the hard times of rush, they go on giving the absolute best of work. It is the same with the many members doing house and kitchen work very much behind the scenes : they are putting up the standard of their work every day. Never slacking off, they really make out of this work (which is dead routine and very monotonous) a kind of “ fine art.” Conditions this winter have meant real suffering, but I never met a soul who was not absolutely cheerful and uncomplaining, though half of them could hardly walk with chilblains, and their hands all bandaged up. If, till now, they have so justified women’s work out here that the success of the V.A.D. movement has made it possible for the W.A.A.C. to be asked for and organised, it just simply means that we want, all of us, to be told that

general adviser, house agent, information giver to all the different types of people, Y.M.C.A., Church Army, etc., who come in here in the morning. If you ever spare the time to come this way, I’d like to give the military members a chance of being “ hand shaken” by you, but probably life is too strenuous for this. I must say I hope they’ll never start any sort of rivalry with the khaki women, as if we do work side by side without it, they’ll want our help in heaps of ways, and are sure to leave masses of gaps to be filled in.” V It is our sad duty to record the death of five V .A .D . members during the past month. T h es e devoted workers can ill be spared, but those near and dear who are left to mourn their loss have at least the consolation of knowing that these lives have been generously given, in the highest service of all. “ Greater love hath no man than this.” Miss Jean Smith Lee, Northumberland 30, B .R .C .S ., was posted to the ist Northern General Hospital, N ew castle-on-Tyne, on r uly 24th, 1915, and was transferred to

208

FIR ST

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

France on October i8tb, 1916. She died suddenly, after measles, on March 30th of this year. Miss Laura Marion Gailey, Londonderry 8, S.J.A.B ., took up work at the ist Western General Hospital, Liver pool, on July 26th, 1916, and died on March 24th, 1917, of pneumonia, following on an attack of measles. Miss Lydia W. F. Grant, Brisbane 2, B .R .C .S., served at the 2nd Western General Hospital, Manchester, from November 15th, 1916. She died of measles, followed by septic arthritis of the knee on April ist, 1917. Miss H e en e Carter, Essex, 120, B .R .C .S ., was posted to Colchester Military Hospital on July 31st, 1916, and died of cerebro-spinal meningitis on April 1917. Miss Louisa McGrigor, of Mavis Bank, Newlyn West, was Com m andant of Cornwall 22. Her sister writes :— “ I am proud she served our country and the R e d Cross so well, and though overwork and worry entailed by her ser vice were largely the cause of her death, I do not regret she made the sacrifice..............As she died in the service of her country, and worked for both sailors and soldiers, she was accorded a military funeral. Soldiers from the V .A .D . Hospital at Penzance formed a guard of honour on either side of the coffin, which was covered with the Union Jack. A contingent from the naval base and two commanders marched in front, headed by a military band, and mounted guard at the station till the train which conveyed the body to London for cremation left, and after the service in church, the 1 Last P o s t ’ was sounded. M y sister’s own Detachment and others and the staff of the hospital followed. Apart from personal gratification, I am proud that a woman and a V .A .D . C om m andant should have been thus honoured.” * * * Seven hundred and seventy-seven have been posted during the four weeks from March 27th to April 24th, allocated as follows : — B.R.C.S. St . J o h n . T otal. At H ome 260 172 ... 432 In Military Hospital Wards 52 . 18 ... 70 In Auxiliary Hospital Wards A b r o a d :— In Military Hospital Wards 52 47 99 — . — ... — Not in Wards Under Joint Committee, 26 Nursing 5 ••• 3i Under Joint Committee, 17 ... 75 Non-Nursing 58 General Service Members in Military Hospital 28 17 ... 45 Wards General Service Members in Auxiliary Hospital 16 9 ... 25 Wards Total

...

492

...

285

...

777

T h e total numbers of members now at work is 8,125 allocated as follows St.Jo h n . T otal. B.R.C.S. At H ome 2,892 ... 2,031 ... 4,923 In Military Hospital Wards — ... 2 2 In Naval Hospital Wards 289 General Service Wards ... 157 ... 446 In Auxiliary HospitalWards 174 — 493 319 A b r o a d :—

In MilitaryHospitals Under Joint Committee... Total

1,117 411

5.030

...

610 123

... ...

1,727 524

3,095

...

8,125

Six hundred and one new applications for Nursing and General Service have been received during the past month. * * As might be expected, in view of the great increase of

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. -

May, 1917.

activity on the Western Front, the above numbers show a considerably advance on those of the preceding month, when the total number of postings, amounted to 590. T h e actual increase in the different categories varies from 20 to 100 per cent. Am ong the non-nursing members sent out under the Joint Committee were a number of motor-ambulance drivers, and reports show that they have already done much admirable work. This evidence goes to prove that the urgent appeals now being made for V .A .D . members are more than justified, especially when one remembers that an increase in staff always implies that the existing staff is being taxed to its utmost, and that the percentage of breakdowns is bound to increase in proportion unless an adequate supply of substitutes is forthcoming. So far as one can see, the present “ push” is likely to develop into a long strain which will try severely the staying-powers of all our workers, and every effort mnst be made to provide the proper amount of relief. T h e number of new applications for work during the last four weeks shows an increase of less than 20 per cent, on the figures for last month. This cannot be said to compare favourably with the increased demand shown above.

General L e t t e r of t h e J o in t V .A .D . C o m m ittee to C o u n t y Directors. 1 a m instructed by the Chairman to send you the following for your information : T h e Joint V .A .D . Committee of the Territorial Force Association, British R ed Cross Society and Order of St. John has started free courses of training in cookery in London for V .A .D . members, who are volunteering as cooks in hospitals under the War Office and under the Joint Committee. T h e training is intended to enable members who already have a knowledge of cooking to obtain instruction in cooking for large numbers. Each course will last a fortnight, and the syllabus will consist of 1. Practical work. 2. Theoretical work. 3. Visits to hospital kitchens. 4. Visit to dining-room kitchens which cater for 1,000 people. 5. Visits to dining-room kitchens which cater for 2,000 people. Members have to pay their travelling expenses to and from London, but they will receive free board and lodging during the fortnight’s training. T h e y will be asked to sign a paper stating that they undertake to hold themselves at the disposal of the Joint Committee, if considered suitable. Members will be answerable to the officer-in-charge during their fortnight’s training, both on and off duty. County Directors are asked to impress upon all C o m mandants the absolute necessity of providing all members with a copy of J .V .A .D . 24 (Uniform Permit), and that they must always produce the same when buying uniform, as strict injunctions have been given to shops not to sell uniforms unless the Permit is produced. Dr. F. C. Mann has been obliged to resign the office of County Director for County Tyronne, and Mr. W. H. Mann, Belfast Bank, Dungannon, has been appointed in his place. County Directors are asked to do all in their power to

May, 1917.

— F IR S T

A ID

THE

ST.

persuade those V.A.D. members who are only giving part time— or even none at all—and who are in a position to give their whole time for the service of the sick and wounded, to do so without further delay. Yours faithfully, Louis P e a r s o n , Secretary. I am instructed by the Chairman to send you the following extract from a letter which he has received from Mr. Kennedy Jones, Director-General of Food Economy:— “ Apart from invalid foods it seems to me that so far as bread and sugar are concerned, wounded soldiers should (except in special cases and on the authority of the doctor) conform to the lines laid down for meals in hotels. One thing essential above all others at this moment, is to reduce the consumption of bread and bread-stuffs, and to check all waste, in order that we may be able to bridge over the difficult period between the present time and the next harvest. I think the hospitals might help us, and I shall be glad if you could arrange to issue instructions.” Yours faithfully, Louis P e a r s o n , Secretary.

Notes

and

News.

Candidates for Demonstrators Certificates are re minded that the next examination will be held during the first week in June as under, providing sufficient candidates are forthcoming :— London, ist Saturday. Birmingham, ist Saturday. Manchester, ist Saturday. Newcastle, ist Thursday. Leeds, ist Thursday. Cardiff, ist Monday. Dublin, ist Saturday. Belfast, 1st Saturday. Bristol, Liverpool, Hull, Middlesborough—date not yet fixed. * * * The following have been added to the list of St. John Hospitals :— Hatchlands Hospital, Guildford, 10-20 beds. Auxiliary Hospital, Newport Pagnell, 40 beds. Crow Wood Auxiliary Hospital, Sowerby Bridge, 50 beds. Faircroft Auxiliary Hospital, Handswortb, 65 beds. St. John Hospitals :— Union Workhouse, Pontardawe, Glamorgan, 60 beds. Glanrhyd, Pontardawe, Glamorgan, 90 beds. The Quarr, Clydach, 40 beds. St. Michael’s College, Llandeff, Glamorgan, 175 beds. The Beeches, Caeephilly, Glamorgan, 60 beds. Queen’s-road, Schools, Merthyr, Glamorgan, 130 beds. St. John Hospital, Morecambe, 25 beds. *** The London County Council has decided that for the period of the war, the Certificate of the Association granted in respect of examinations held within the last ten years shall qualify the holder for admission to the London County Council’s Advanced Courses of Instruction in First Aid, Home Nursing, Health and Infant Care. * * The Council of the Order entertained members of the Imperial War Conference at St. John’s Gate on Thursday, 19th April. Those present included Sir Joseph and Lady Ward, Mrs. Massey, Sir Thomas Mackenzie, Mr. Te

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE—

Makarini, Sir Edward and Lady Morris, Sir James Meston, Brigadier-General J. J. Collyer, Captain T. H. Theron and Captain G. C. Swinton.

Class Secretaries in the Metropolitan area are requested to inform the Chief Secretary, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, of the dates of any classes they may be arranging in order that the particulars may be supplied to enquirers.

The Red Cross in the W est Riding. T h e recently published Report of the County Director for the West Riding contains some very interesting informa tion. The following facts will convey some idea of the magnitude of the work which is being carried out for the sick and wounded in this district, and incidentally shows what can be accomplished by a comprehensive organisa tion directed with energy and foresight. At the beginning of the year there were established, or in process of registration, no fewer than 47 St. John Auxiliary Hospitals in the West Riding. It is reasonable, therefore, to suppose that the County Director would have been content with what had been achieved; such, however, was not the case. In response to the War Office appeal, issued early in February, 480 extra beds were provided in existing hospitals, and six new hospitals with accommodation for 415 patients were estab lished in addition. Of these, Hopton Grove is a private house, the owner of which (C. Sutcliffe, Esq.) has kindly offered to take charge of and maintain 10 convalescents entirely at his own expense. “ Crow W ood” and Priestley Green have been pro vided by the generosity of W. P. Elgin, Esq., and Sir Algernon and Lady Firth respectively. Warren House, Mirfield, and Brooklands, Elland, have been organised and equipped by the inhabitants of these localities. Sir Edward Green has surrendered the remainder of his lease of Darrington Hall, and the owner, the Rev. Estcourt Grey, has given the building until at least three months after the end of the war. This hospital will be carried on by Mrs. Hope Barton in conjunction with her own hospital at Stapleton Park. The High School, Wakefield, with its 200 beds is the most extensive addition, A large modern building, con taining every necessary appliance, it will be regarded for administrative purposes as an annex to the 2nd Northern General, but will remain under the immediate control of the County Director. At a public meeting at the Town Hall, Wakefield, on April 18th, a sufficient fund was subscribed, or promised, to not only provide all equipment not found by the Government, but to maintain the hospital in the highest efficiency for at Least a year. The result of these arrangements is that the total number of hospitals is raised to 53, and of beds to 3,204. During the six months, October ist to April ist; the number of patients treated was 9,330, making a total of 22,352 since the opening of the hospitals. The West Riding War Hospital Depot has been amalgamated with that of the East Riding, and has removed to 41, Park-street, York. The number of St. John V.A. Detachments now amounts to 108, of which 23 are men’s and 85 women’s New detachments have been registered at Honley and Bawtry.

— FIRST

210

CO N TEN TS E

d ito r ia l —

istrict

T H IS

N UM BER.

The Future Prospects of the V.A.D.’s No. 1 ; No. 3 ; No. 5 No. 6 ..................................................................... Railway Ambulance An Interchangeable Sidecar... T

201

R eports—

S t . J o h n ’s A

mbulance

202 203 203 2°3

Gazette—

Mr. William Rattray The Year in Canada St. John Ambulance Brigade Plospital Depot, Bel grave Square The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee to the County Directors V.A.D. News ... Notes and News The Red Cross in the West Riding Brevities ... The Use and Abuse of Stimulants College of Ambulance Queries and Answers to Correspondents

204 204 205 206 206 208 209 209 210 211 212 214

Brevities. W e notice in the District Orders of the Canterbury

and West Coast District, New Zealand, of the Brigade Overseas, the following appears :— “ For many years it has been apparent to me that in this district the term nursing sister produces a feeling among trained nurses that is against our interests; our members are really 1ambulance sisters,’ and to adopt that name for them would be to remove what is now a source of offence to trained nurses, and at the same time more correctly describe our members.” *** W e quite agree with the writer that “ ambulance sister” more correctly describes members of Nursing Divisions. On the other hand, we feel sure the designa tion, nursing sister, does not produce the source of offence to trained nurses in this country, who are generally described as “ nurse ” or “ sister.” * * * A w r i t e r in the N a tio n a l N ew s, commenting on the “ Future of the Y.A.D. Worker,” says : “ Their discip line should have a great value in the time of reconstruction that will come after the war. Many of them are rich women who will have no need to earn money, but whose knowledge of hygiene and the proper routine of a healthy life should not be lost. They will find ways of utilising it in the many forms of voluntary social work, housing com mittees, and the like, which will be a necessary part of reconstruction. Such knowledge brought to bear in local government— in which it is to be hoped women of the leisured class will take a greater interest in seeking repre sentation when the evils of co-option are no longer practised— should be of immense value in dealing with improved borough life for women of the working classes.

May, 1917.

AID. —

I t is officially stated that 15,000 women are urgently wanted in connection with the recent appeal made by the Red Cross for more workers. Women are wanted for military hospitals between the ages of twenty-three and forty-two for foreign service, twenty-one and forty-eight for home service. They are paid a salary in addition to their quarters, food, washing, travelling and uniform expenses. Other women who do not wish to enter military hospitals, can help as voluntary nurses and helpers in V.A.D. hospital and stations at home and abroad. They are urgently needed for motor-driving, cooking, pantry work, and hostel superintending. In every branch of women’s work for the sick and wounded there is a serious shortage of helpers. All who have worked for the sick and wounded, and have since taken up other work, should again come to the aid of the soldiers at this critical moment in the war. Applications should be made at once to the Director, Women’s Section, National Service Department, St. Ermin’s Westminster, S.W. 1.

V A t the last annual meeting of the National

Fire Brigade’s Union a motion was put that the Union should recognise the qualifications of all ambulance bodies, who shall now, or may at any future period be recognised by any of His Majesty’s Departments of State ; and to that end a register shall be prepared and kept which shall show the names of all qualified ambulance men, the society whose qualifications they hold, and the degree of profficiency to to which they have attained. * * * A h i g h l y satisfactory account of the present arrange ments for dealing with the sick and wounded in Mesopo tania is furnished in a letter to the Secretary for India from the Hon. Sir Arthur Lawley, who since January has acted as Red Cross Commissioner on that front. Sir Arthur found the hospitals at Bombay “ quite first rate ; ” and of the hospital ship “ Madras,” which conveyed him to Basrah, and which he inspected after it had been loaded up for the return voyage to India, he states that nothing was left undone that could add to the comfort and well-being of the patients on board. *** I n an article based on Lord Derby” appeal for nurses, the B r it is h M e d ic a l J o u rn a l urges the closing of small V.A D. and private hospitals as uneconomical in personnet , both nursing and medical. It says, “All must respect the local sentiment which seeks to find expression in local work for the wounded ; but we are living now in grim, practical times, and efficiency and economy on the largest scale are needed in every department of life— more, per haps, in the medical and nursing services than any other. If this urgent need here and there overrides local senti ment, and deals rather roughly with individual suscepti bilities, that price must be paid.”

May,

II.

— F I R S T

191 7.

Use B

and y

Abuse of Stimulants.

N. CORBET FLETCHER,

M.B.. B.A., B.C., Cantab., M.R.S.C., Eng.

Hon. Surgeon Ham pstead D iv isio n S ./.A .B . A u th o r Of “ A id s to F ir s t - A id .,” “ A id s to Home N u rsin g ," &=c. E x p e r i e n c e proves that the Use and Abuse o f Stimulants constitute at all times a pressing problem with earnest Students of First-Aid, and suggests the adoption of this subject as the second of this Series of Articles.*

I. D E FIN IT IO N OF “ STIM U LA NT.” The term “ stimulant ” comes to us (through the Latin) from a Greek word which means “ anything which pricks,” and is used to signify “ anything which excites.” Applied to Medicine it has a local and general significance and includes “ anything which causes temporary increased activity in any particular organ or in the inter-action of Vital Functions, on which life is dependent. The word is unsatisfactory, partly because, used in this general sense, it embraces most of (if not all) the remedies at our disposal, and partly because custom, going to the other extreme, has tended incorrectly and un justifiably to limit its application to Alcohol and its pre parations. Further, though modern science is gradually demonstrating the precise action of all remedial agents, yet there still remain some groups for which the term is to-day admissible. Of these First-Aid is concerned only with the External, Brain and Heart Stimulants, and has no legitimate interest in those which affect the internal organs, e.g. stomach, liver, kidneys, &c. II. V A R IETIES OF STIM ULANTS. The claims of First-Aid to be regarded as an exact science depend both on its recognition of limitations in Objects and Range of Utility (see A id s to F ir s t - A id , pp. 1 and 2), and also on its strict attention to the line of division which separates it from Medicine and Surgery. For this reason our discussion of Stimulants can only comprehend those which have already been named, ie.. these which enable us to render immediate, temporary and efficient assistance in times of Accident and sudden Illness. (1.)

xternal

Stim u la n ts.

External Stimulation includes both local irritation and also counter-irritation which is the production of artificial congestion at one part to oppose an i remove through reflex nervous actioti a congestion already existent at that part or elsewhere. Experiments have demonstrated (1) that such stimu lation may be accompanied by marked changes in the internal organs: (2) that these changes are carried out by reason of the intimate connection which exists between the superficial and the deep nerves (reflex nervous action); and (3) that these effects vary with the power of irritation of the agents employed. The practical outcome of these experiments is that we recognise two varieties of local stimulants, viz., Reddening and Blistering Agents. ( A ) R eddening Agents.

These produce local warmth and redness in con sequence of an increased flow of blood in the superficial vessels, and may be used to diminish any congestion present at the part or situate in a subjacent internal organ. Further, since these agents— properly applied—stop short of blister-formation, they possess three great advantages : [* T h e first A rticle

was published in our issues of Ja n u a ry and F e b ru a ry la s t.— E d .]

21 1

A I D . —

i.e. (1) they are usually rapid in action; (2) they are not complicated with after-effects ; and (3) they can be applied to a large surface area. Thus, HEATprovides us with an effective local stimulant.

Dry Heat (e.g. hot-water bottle), however,— useful as it is for an internal neuralgia (e.g. intestinal colic)— is less efficacious (because it is less persistent) for this purpose than moist Heat which can be utilized in the form of hot bathing, poultices and fomentations. In the use of a Linseed Poultice it is noteworthy that a p a rt fro m heat a n d m oisture there is no intrinsic medicinal value. For this reason, the modern substitutes— Antiphlogistine or Thermofuge— possess great advantages, due partly to the variety of remedies presented together and partly to the prolonged period of application (12 to 24 hours) which adds to the patient’s comfort by avoiding more frequent manipulations. Similarly, in the use of Fomentations it is worthy of note that the combination of m a xim u m heat w ith m in im u m m oisture is absolutely essential lest scalding of the part result ; and that other remedies (e.gL, boracic acid, turpen tine, laudanum, etc.) may be super-added in suitable cases with beneficial effects.

Again, M u s t a r d is a powerful local stimulant, appli cation of which may cause both redness of skin and sensa tion of warmth due to dilatation o f the vessels, and also pain in conseque?ice o f irrita tio n o f the sensory nerves. Mustard may be used either independently as poultice, plaster and embrocation, or in combination with crushed Linseed as a poultice or with Turpentine as a fomentation, each of which increases the rapidity of action of the Mustard. With regard to Mustard, there are two notable facts :— F ir s t , hot water— by dissolving the essential volatile oil— will destroy the value of a mustard poultice, etc., in the making of which, therefore, we use tepid water. For the same reason, when preparing a mustard bath, we should preserve the stimulant action of the mustard by mixing it with tepid water before adding the required quantity of hot water. Secondly, a mustard poultice, if kept in position too long, may— owing to loss of sensation of the part— produce a serious burn in a conscious patient, just as a hot-water bottle may for the same reason bring about the same injury in an unconscious or paralysed patient.

Again, T u r p e n t i n e — owing to its volatile oil— pre sents precisely the same effect as Mustard and serves the same objects. It may be used either alone or diluted with an equal quantity of Olive Oil as an embrocation, or in combination with moist Heat as a fomentation. Again, I o d i n e , applied to the skin, produces a typical yellow stain which may be removed by an alkali. Owing to its great affinity for hydrogen and consequent powers of absorption, it causes dilatation of the blood vessels with a sensation of heat and burning. For this reason Iodine is both a reliable antiseptic and also a most effective local stimulant. If, however, it is repeatedly and indiscreetly applied, it may proceed to formation of blisters, followed by inflammation, ulceration and scarring of the part. Lastly, F l y i n g B l i s t e r s —somewhat large in size and applied to different parts for 5 minutes only—provide a useful means of powerful local stimulation and counter visitation. ( B ) B lis t e rin g Agents.

While the primary effect of a blister is that of an intense, though delayed, local stimulant, yet its subsequent action is most emphatically depressant—quite apart from the dangers of added (septic) infection—and only small areas of the skin can be so treated. For these reasons Blistering Agents have no place in First-Aid, although we

— F I R S T

2 12

may note that the common varieties (as we learned in our study of Home Nursing) are C a n t h a r i d e s used either as F ly B lis te rs (which are applied for several hours) or as B lis te rin g F l u id (the effects of which vary with the amount u sed ; S t r o n g A m m o n i a applied by thimble for ten minutes ; G l a c i a l A c e t i c A c i d , application of which to the skin will rapidly cause blistering. (2)

r a in

tim u la n t s

There are two classes of stimulants which may bring about tem porary increased activity of the Brain—viz., those which act on the Brain cells directly and those which produce the same result by indirect (reflex) action. (A )

D ire c t Agents

It should be noted at the outset (1) that the drugs which have a direct effect on the Brain cells comprise the group known as the Narcotic Poisons; (2) that, after the excitant stage is past, they— one and a ll —are capable of bringing about profound mental depression, insensibility and death ; and (3) that they provide typical examples of the drug habit, since many of them are frequently taken as brain stimulants, e.g., A lcohol (whisky, absinthe, vodka) in most civilised countries, Tea and Coffee in England, Opium in the East, etc., etc. A l c o h o l is the most important of the group and is the active principle present in numerous popular beverages, varying in percentage from 50—60 in whisky, brandy, and gin to 5— 10 in cider, ale and beer. Its mode of action will be discussed under “ Heart Stimulants.” In the meanwhile emphasis must be laid on the fact that with this temporary excitant effect of Alcohol on the Brain there are associated not only a marked increased activity of the heart but also a general dilation of the arteries. In process of time paralysis of the Brain supervenes, and sooner or later— these three factors together cause a marked lowering of the body temperature which may culminate in a grave degree of collapse. In addition to its use in m oderate quantities as a which acts on Brain and Heart, Alcohol possesses in s m a ll q u an tities some value as a F o o d since it is easily assimilated and will increase the activity of the stomach and its juices, especially in debilitating illness. Lastly, in la rg e qua n tities it is a most potent P o i s o n , since, taken to excess, it may present symptoms of Acute and Chronic Intoxication. In the Acute form it is accompanied by danger of Collapse owing to paralysis of Heart and Brain ; and in the Chronic form it produces changes in the arteries which result in a slow but insidious and progressive destruction of cells in the internal organs.

A I D

' M a y , 1 9 1 7.

—

( B ) In d ire c t Agents.

In addition to the substances which, circulating in the blood, exert direct action on the cells of the Brain, stimulation may be effected by in direct ( reflex) action. This means the transmission of impulses from the surface by way o f the sensory nerves to the Brain which is thereby excited to increased activity, i.e. through the Special Senses by External Stimulation. The S p e c i a l S e n s e s may all serve this purpose. Thus, with reference to the dangers of Fire, the Sense of Sigh t (flames), H e a rin g (crackling), Touch (burns), S m ell (fumes) may—through their nervous connections—give their own peculiar warnings which will stimulate the Brain to quickened action. Under other circumstances Taste (peculiar flavour) may act similarly and arouse suspicion of Poisoning by food or drink. The well-known application of this fact to treatment is the Use o f Sm elling Salts (a preparation of Ammonia with Lavender) which, applied to the nostrils, directly stimulates the nerves of smell and so indirectly excites the Brain and more especially the Circulatory and Respiratory Centres. Next, E x t e r n a l S t i m u l a t i o n may be used to the same end. Tnus, H e a t is an effective agent through which either by E x t e r n a l A pplication s (poultices, fomentations, &c.) or by S p rin k lin g of face with alternate hot and cold water we may succeed—through the sensory nerves which conduct heat impulses from the surface— in stimulating reflexly the ‘Brain Centres concerned with circulation and respiration. Again, P a i n (which is the conscious recognition o f changes produced in a nerve centre by some excitant) is responsible for similar indirect stimulation of the Brain through the sensory nerves and helps to locate the site (but not the extent) of the injury or exciting cause. Thus, S la ppin g o f body with wet towel will create painful sensations and serve to keep a patient—e .g , in Opium Poisoning—from passing into a state of coma. ( To be continued.)

S tim u la n t

Again, T e a and C o f f e e are well recognised Brain stimulants, their action being principally due to the same special poison (Caffeine) which has a direct effect 011 the cells of the Brain and on the muscular substance of the Heart. Tea is said to contain 2 or 3 times as much of the drug as Coffee and is for this reason more potent in its results which are chiefly demonstrated in increased activity of mind and capability for work. Tea and Coffee differ from Opium in that the stimulation is not rapidly followed by sleep passing on to coma. Lastly, certain other drugs which, like Tea and Coffee, are derived from the vegetable kingdom— e.g.'kBELLADONNA, O p i u m , & c . — are profound stimulants of the Brain. In view of their potency, however, they are only of interest to First-Aiders as members of the Narcotic group of poisons, although we note that poisonous doses of Belladonna usually produce insensibility preceded by delirium and rarely give rise to the genuine coma which is typical of Opium Poisoning and Haemorrhage of Brain.

College of Ambulance. O n May 10th, at the College of Ambulance, Col. Jas.

Cantlie gave an interesting and instructive display of ambulance work before a large audience of medical men and their friends, amongst whom were Sir James Reid (in the chair), Sir J. Rickman Godlee (President of the Col lege), Sir T. Barlow, Sir J. Crichton Brown, Sir H. Morris, Bart., Professor Kettle, S. Osborn, Esq , F.R.C.S , and Sir James Porter, K.C-B. Col. Cantlie opened the proceedings with a practical demonstration of the transport of wounded men from the battlefield to hospital ship by means of a magnificent model which, exact in all details, occupied the whole length of the Museum. Afterwards he invited the visitors to the Drillroom where—with the assistance of full-sized models— male and female squads of V A. Detachments gave a further practica demonstration of the methods of picking up ( C ontinued on page 2 14 .)

FREEMANS REAL TURTLE SOUP made in a minute with Freemans Real Turtle Cubes. Four in a box. 1 /- '

| |

^ ^X fJcU f^tdL

— F I R S T

May, r • 7

213

A I D -

F IR S T -A ID A B L A N D & P A IN L E S S — IO DINE D R E S S IN G .— A sep tic.

A n tise p tic .

IODEX has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u rg e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u rg e o n s , Red C ro s s S u rg e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F ra n c a ls e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F re n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. Jo h n A m b u la n c e .

for the Nerves

S t r e n g t h ,

IODEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/3. I O D E X has bene/itledthefollowing and numerous oiher conditions. E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itr e . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u r s itis , S y n o v it is . S c ia tic a , N e u r it is , G ou t, R h e u m a to id A r t h r it is , H y d r o c e le , P a r a s i t i c S k in D is e a s e s . R in g w o r m , C h ilb la in s , A c n e , B o ils . M u m p s , S p r a in s , AND A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D IT IO N S .

E are all victims of nerve strain and its many atten dant miseries in these days of unexampled stress.

L it e r a t u r e

A p a tie n t s a y s :

A d o c to r s a y s :

“ In cases of N eu ras thenic D e b ility , fo l low ing Influenza, etc., it w o r k s w o n d e r s . I shall alw ays go on recom m ending it .”

H a ll’s W in e builds up every nerve and cell and fibre in the system, and its benefits are lasting.

to —

39, F a r r i n g d o n R o a d , LONDON,

E .C .

Nurses’ Wear H

ARRODS Nurses’ Uniforms are in quality, pattern, and workmanship trustworthy in every detail.

This has been officially recognised by the fact that Harrods have been appointed to supply Uniforms to Tne British Red Cross Society and St. John’s Ambulance Brigade.

HallsWine The Supreme Restorative

O w in g to g r e a tly in c re a se d c o s ts o f w in e a n d a ll m a te ria ls , th e p r o p r ie to r s a r e c o m p e lle d to r a is e th e p ric e o f H a lE s W in e . T h e r e s to ra tiv e p r o p e r tie s c o n ta in e d in H a l l ’s W in e a r e o f th e h ig h e s t v a lu e , a n d t h e q u a li t y —a lw a y s s u p re m e — m u s t b e m a in ta in e d .

E x t r a la r g e b o ttle ,

a p p lic a t io n

Menley & James, Ltd.,

Nature needs help in times like thepresent. when worry, and shock and alarm attack us hour by hour. Hall’s Wine gives just the aid required. It enriches the blood, soothes the nerves and dispels depression, neuralgia, sleeplessness, and the countless miseries that follow nerve troubles.” “ Being run down through overw ork, I took H a ll’s wine and it braced me so effectively that I have pinned my faith to it ever sin ce.”

A P R O N S . R e d C ro ss re g ula tion pattern, strong apron-cloth, lin en fin ish , gored sk irt, se rv ic e able pockets, high round bib. S k irt lengths 36 in ., 38 in ., 4 o in . ... ... ... 2 /6 .

4-/6 /

SLEEVES. R egulatio n , neat cuff, elastic at elbow ... pair 8 d . BELTS. sizes ..

S tiff

w hite, each

a ll

4 id .

HARRODS LTD /^ RMica hn aa rgdin g BDuirr beidc tog er ,!\ LONDON S W

— F I R S T ( Concluded fro m page 214..)

wounded, loading stretchers, placing patients in hospital train and unloading from train to ambulance. Incidentally, Col. Cantlie deprecated the carrying of stretchers on the shoulders of bearers, a procedure necessitated often by the use of the now discarded stretcher straps, which are apt to be lost on the field and are most uncomfortable for the bearers. H e further demonstrated the utility of the Scott-Cantlie yoke sling, which has replaced those straps, and which is always available, enabling the weight of the loaded stretcher to be carried from the bearer’s shoulders, and is useful for other purposes, e g., for wheeling heavy barrows, for carry ing pails, and as supplement for hand-seats.

Queries and Jlnswers Correspondents.

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— 7 •— Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope “ Query," and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon" cut Com the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. 3-— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered bypost.

O . M . ( C a r d if f ) :— W h a t a re the sig n s o f b u r n in g b y e le c t r ic it y ? ( 1 ) A r e the b u rn s the s a m e a s w ith d r y h e a t? (2 ) D o th e b u r n s a ffect th e w h o le b o d y , o r o n ly d a m p p la c e s on b o d y , o r p la c e s o f c o n ta c t w ith w ire ?

A ID .—

May, 1917.

w e m u st c a r r y o ut w ith p u n c t ilio u s e x a c titu d e th e R u le s la id d o w n in C a n tlie , p. 48. (2 ) I n s u c h a ca se , o w in g to th e S h o c k p re s e n t a n d the d a n g e r o f In t e r n a l H a e m o rrh a g e , r e m o v a l o n s tre tc h e r is a b s o lu t e ly e s s e n tia l, a n d is b e st c o n d u c te d a s fo r fra c t u re d s p in e (iC a n tlie, p. 4 5 ).— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . E.

O . M . (C a r d if f ) a s k s if it is w ro n g to a d m in is t e r a n e m e tic to a p e rs o n s u ffe rin g fro m s t r y c h n in e p o is o n in g w hen resp ira tion h a s fa ile d , a s the in s t ru c t io n s g iv e n in C a n tlie d o n ot c o v e r t h is p o in t.

Y e s . I n t h is a n d a ll s u c h c a s e s a rt if ic ia l r e s p ir a t io n is u r g e n t ly in d ic a te d “ if re s p ir a t io n c a n n o t be d is c e r n e d ” ( C a n tlie, R u le 7, p. 152). a n d the a d m in is t ra t io n o f a n e m e tic m u st b e p o s tp o n e d u n t il b r e a t h in g is re -e s t a b lis h e d , a n d th e p a tie n t is s u ffic ie n tly c o n s c io u s to be a b le to s w a llo w a d r a u g h t .— N . C orbet

F le tc h e r .

R . D . (N e w Z e a la n d ) c o m m e n d s the p r a c t ic a l u t ilit y o f th is J o u r n a l a n d a s k s w h ic h b o o k s a re m o st s u ita b le fo r the s tu d y o f F ir s t A id . T h e r e is n o e n d to the n u m b e r o f s u c h b o o k s . P e r s o n a lly we c o n s id e r th a t th e S .J .A .A . M a n u a l is th e b e st T e x t b o o k, because it is b a se d o n G e n e r a l R u le s w h ic h m u s t b e m o d ifie d in a c c o rd a n c e w ith c e rt a in d e fin ite P r in c ip le s . A s s u p p le m e n ts to it, w e b e lie v e that D r . C o rb e t F le t c h e r ’s C o m m e n ta rie s (see la s t p a g e ) a re th e m o st p r a c t ic a l a n d s e r v ic e a b le b o o k s p u b lis h e d , because in “ A id s to F i r s t - A i d ” the s u b je c t is s im p lifie d a n d ta b u la te d fo r f irs t -y e a r s t u d e n t s ; in “ W h y a n d W h e r e fo r e in F i r s t - A i d ” its d iffic u lt ie s a re s o lv e d fo r a ll s tu d e n ts ; a n d in “ E f f ic ie n c y in F i r s t - A i d ” p ro b le m s o f d ia g n o s is a n d tre a tm e n t a re c le a re d u p fo r a d v a n c e d s tu d e n t s .— E d i t o r .

Tne Melton Mowbray Division is launching a scheme to provide the town with motor ambulance.

E le c t r ic it y m a y c a u s e d e a th fro m S h o c k w ith o u t a n y a b ra s io n o f th e s u rfa c e . A g a in , it m a y c a u s e B u r n s w h ic h w ill v a r y in sev erity w ith th e s tre n g th o f c u r re n t a p p lie d a n d w h ic h w ill p r e se n t the u s u a l sig n s o f a n y s u c h in ju r y d u e to d r y h eat, v iz. (1 ), r e d d e n in g , (2 ) b lis t e r in g o r (3 ) c h a r r in g o f the p a rt •where contact takes p la c e . M o is t u r e a n d m e ta ls fa v o u r the c o n d u c tio n o f the c u r r e n t .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . M . M . ( W e s t b o u r n e ) :— W it h a p a tie n t s u ffe r in g fro m fra c t u re d w ris t a n d b le e d in g fro m p a lm a r a rc h , o f c o u rs e p re s s u re c o u ld n o t b e m a d e at w ris t. W o u ld it be c o r re c t to a p p ly t o u rn iq u e t on b r a c h ia l a rt e r y a fte r d ig it a l p re s s u re on s u b c la v ia n ? C e r t a in ly n ot. P r e s s u r e m u s t be m a d e on th e b le e d in g p o in t, s in c e th e re is n o e v id e n c e (e .g ., g la s s in w o u n d ) a g a in s t s u c h tre a tm e n t. A s a fa ct, n o d if fic u lt y is p re s e n te d b y th e c o m b in a tio n o f in ju r ie s b e c a u s e , if the b le e d in g fro m th e p a lm is first c o n tro lle d in th e o r d in a r y w a y , th e n th e fra c t u r e d w ris t c a n be s im ila r ly tre a te d . S in c e , h o w e v e r, th e c le n c h e d h a n d o ffe rs som e in e q u a lit y o f s u rfa c e , th e fo llo w in g m o d ific a t io n s m a y be n e c e s s a r y — v iz. ( 1 ) th e s p lin t s m u st be a c c u ra t e ly p a d d e d to r e m e d y t h is in e q u a lit y ; (2 ) tw o b a n d a g e s m ay be u se d in s te a d o f th re e , the lo w e r o n e b e in g c a r e fu lly a rr a n g e d to fix lo w e r fra g m e n t o f fra c t u r e a n d a ls o h a n d ; a n d ( 3 ) th e St. J o h n S lin g m u st be s e le c te d b e c a u s e it w ill k e e p the h a n d e le v a te d . M . M . m u s t re m e m b e r th a t th e re a re th re e M e th o d s o f T r e a t m e n t w h ic h s h o u ld o n ly be a d o p te d “ as a la st r eso u rce" — i.e., to u rn iq u e t, s tim u la n t s , a n d b a n d a g in g o f lim b .s — N . C o rb et

F le tc h e r.

R . ( A u s t r a lia ) a s k s (1 ) fo r tre a tm e n t of c ru s h e d s te rn u m a n d (2 ) fo r c o r r e c t m e th o d o f lif t in g s u c h a p a tie n t o n to s tre tc h e r.

(1 ) A c ru sh ed s te rn u m w ill a lm o s t c e r t a in ly be a c c o m p a n ie d b y m o re o r le s s g ra v e in ju r y to the lu n g s . T h e r e fo re ,

for

Uniforms and Equipment V ast m o d e rn fa cto ry re so u rc e s, a d d e d to a c e n t u r y 's e x p e r ie n c e , e n a b le s u s to s u p p l y F i r s t A i d a n d a l l o th e r S e r v ic e s w it h u n if o r m s and e q u ip m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m a t e r ia ls , w o r k m a n s h ip a n d f in is h — a t p r ic e s t h a t c h a lle n g e c o m p a r i s o n w it h a n y o th e r c lo t h in g o f e q u a l q u a lit y .

P r ic e s

and

S a m p le s o n

re q u e st.

16,

N IL E

CITY and

ROAD, LONDON, N., 4, PRINCES STREET,

HAN O VER

SQ UARE,

S TR EET, LO N D O N ,

May, 191 7.

—FIRST

AID.—

EATON’S Important Notice to A M

B U L A N C E

S E C R E T A R I E S .

Outfit No. 63V is the BEST for STREET WORK. N A

ote

tn.

in g

O u r famous

S c isso r s.

tor

ttachment

ize

N o. 35 Pocket Outfit is 42/- per doz. Sample, by post,

X 6 in, X 6 in.

PRICE

1 6 / 8

4/2.

Complete, as illustrated.

A ll k in d s of Am bulance E quipm ent. New Catalogue Now Ready.

W E

S E L L

Complete with

T H E

Runners,

B E S T

Legs,

S T R E T C H E R

S ta ys and Slings,

F O R

very

W A R

durable,

H . O . E A T O N , f.ap7*; 3 3 8 , D e w s b u r y TH E

“ F IR S T

W O R K -

Price

each.

Road, L E E D S .

A ID ”

PICTORIAL TRIANGULAR BANDAGE. F o o d For I n f a n t s , in v a l id s

a n d the

a g e d

U s e d e x t e n s i v e l y in B r i t i s h , C iv il a n d M i l i t a r y h o s p i t a l s , a n d by th e R e d C ro s s S o c ie tie s ot G r e a t B rita in , th e o v e r s e a D o m i n io n s , a n d t h e A llie s . Solti in tins by Chemists,etc . , every where , price I/-, 1 6, 26, 5/- & 10/L E N S E R 'S

FOOD

branch ( ffices :

Illustrating the various w ays of using the Bandage in cases of injury. Triangular Bandages can also be supplied plain, unprinted.

SOUTHALL BROS. & BARCLAY, L d , B I R

I N

E s t a b lis h e d

1820,

M anufacturers of Surgical Dressings, Fine Chem icals and Pharm aceutical Preparations. Enquiries invited.

LTD — O tte r W o rk s, _ M A N C H E ST E R , Eng N e w Y o r k Ar S y d n e y . D e p o ts th ro u g h o u t C a n a d a .

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IH THE TRADE. Latest

Pattern

Khaki

Uniform s a Speciality.

C ontractors f o r : — St. John Am bulance Brigade; B ritish Red Cross, & c.; Officers and Privates; also for A rm y, Navy, Police and F ire Brigades. 8EN D

FO R

P R IC E

L IS T

AND

PATTERN 8

T O :-

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Cc (F R E D

EVAN S,

P ro p rie to r^ ,

5, Clerkenwell Green, Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.l Telephone— No. 2353 Holborn.

Telegrams— “ Evans, Clerkenwell Green, London.

—FIRST P r ic e 6d . n e t.

NOTES

ON By

P o st fre e

FIR S T Sidney

AID H.

7d .

SIMPLIFIED.

D A L E , R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d . , 4 6 , C a n n o n S t .

N. CO RB ET

Lectures.

FLETCHER,

AIDS

F I R S T -A ID ,

&e.,

B .A ., M .B ., B .C . ( C a n t a b . ) , M .R .C .S .

FIRST-AID.

T h i r d E d itio n .

P o s t fre e , 7 d .

First-Aid Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

“ Col. Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his good opinion o/ the book."— L a n c e t .

AIDS

L O N D O N , E .C . 4 .

ILLU S TR A TED

L ife - Saving*

MANUALS By

Lamb.

A H a n d b o o k in a tabulated and sim plified form givin g the main points ot first aid, so arranged as to im press them on the m em ory of the student.

H A N M E R ’S

May, 1917.

AID. —

HOME-NURSING.

S e c o n d E d i tio n . P r ic e , 7d., p o st free. Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. “ T h is book wonderfully sim plifies a complex subject and should be read by a ll students." — L . & N .W , R y . G a z e t t e .

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRST-AID.

P r ic e , 7d.t p o s t free. Difficulties In Study snd Treatment solved by Question and Answer.

COPY OF T E L E G R A M , “ S o rry cannot oblige. A ll dates fille d — H anm er.”

“ We commend this book to Lecturers and Students who w ill fin d it o f great service."— F i r s t a i d .

T o n u m e ro u s a p p lic a n t s fo r L e c t u r e , S e rg t. H a n m e r w a s r e lu c t a n t ly c o m p e lle d to se n d th e a b o v e m e ssa g e d u rin g la st se a so n , o w in g to the in c r e a s in g d e m a n d . D o n ’ t be d is a p p o in t e d ,

is. 2d. Problems ia Study, Treatment and Examination solved for Senior Students.

EFFICIENCY

FIRST-AID.

P o s t fre e ,

“ W ithout doubt the book w ill be o f g t eat service in the tra in in g o f those for whom it is designed.— B r i t i s h M e d i c a l J o u r n a l .

HINTS

a p p ly e a r ly fo r a d a te in th e c o m in g se a so n .

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

P o s t f r e e , 7d -

Orderly Duties Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. O n S e rg t. H a n m e r ’s la s t v is it to L o n d o n , h is m e th o d s o f t e a c h in g w e re re v ie w e d at th e C o lle g e o f A m b u la n c e b y C o l. J a m e s C a n t lie , M .B ., F . R . C . S . T h e o p in io n o f D r . C a n t lie w ill be se n t to a n y C la s s S e c r e ta r y , a lo n g w ith fu ll p a r t ic u la r s a n d N o v e lt y B o o k le t. T o o b ta in s a m e , se n d 3d . s ta m p s fo r p o sta g e , t o : — S e r g t . C. H A N M E R , 205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m / ' W ir e s :— H a n m e r , A m b u la n c e , G o ld th o rp e .

POSTAL INSTRUCTION in “ PRESCRIPTION READINC ” and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.” Everyone engaged in F IR S T A ID w ork should take up the above Courses at once. A member of S . J . A . B . writes I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such .” ( T .B .) Special term s now — h a lf fees— to members of S .J .A .B ., &c. A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n se rs S e c tio n o f th e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is try a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . 1874), 112 . S t . G e o r g e ’s R o a d , S o u t h w a r k , L o n d o n .

“ THE FOOD - BEVERAGE^ OF THE PEOPLE.” Vi-Cocoa—delicious, sustain- | ing, invigor ating. 6d..

9 d & 1 /6 — . P a c k e ts. y I

tyatfo1UL

D o n ’t L o s e Y o u r M e d a l s H a v in g found, as a result of practical experience, how unsatisfactoiy is the present system of M edal F ixtu res, I have patented an absolutely “ R e lia b le ” M edal and R ibbo n C la sp , w hich entirely does away with safety pins or sew ing. It is ligh t, neat, strong; is easily fixed by means of finger screws, and holds the medals and ribbon quite tight to the cloth. M ade w ith special short screws for Nurses. Prices ot Medal clasps to hold one. two, th-ee, or four Medals, Is., Is. 3d., Is. 6d. and Is. 9d. respect* tively. Also Ribbon Holder, 9d., Is., Is. 3d. and ls.-6d. respectively. Postage Id. extra, except oa orders over 5s. C D O L T O N , E x -P .C . M et. P o lic e , 53, C a r is b r o o k e R oad . W a lt h a m s t o w .

©Urn®

T i SL> Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark J j D . Grey beaver cloth, 39s. 6d. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 21s. 6d.— Write for natterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse. lO R S A L E , a q u a n t it y o f M e n ’s A m b u la n c e U n if o r m I T r o u s e r s , a ll size s, q u it e n e w , 6s. nd. a p a ir .— T h o r n t o n a n d C o .. 24, C o m m e r c ia l-s tr e e t, B r ig h o u s e .

t F

O R S A L E . — R e g u la t io n B r o w n L e a t h e r B e lt s a n d P o u c h e s ; a ls o C a p s a n d O v e rc o a t s ; s a m p le s o n a p p r o v a l.— F o lle t t , 4, V ic t o r ia - a v e n u e , B is h o p s g a t e , L o n d o n , E . C .

“ A most compact brochu e which contains much u sefu l infos /nation. '— P re s c k ik e r.

AN By J.

IN D E X

CARVELL,

F IR S T - A ID .

M .R .C .S .,

L .S .A .L o n d .

A vade-mecum for the A m bulance W o rke r. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, i s . 2 d . F I R S T - A I D IN F E W W O R D S . (3 8 th th o u s a n d ). By

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W ith Coloured D iagram s 12 pp. F old er. Paper, 2 d . H O M E N U R S IN G IN F E W W O R D S . (1 6 th B y th e S am e A u th o r.

C lo th , 4 d . th o u sa n d ).

In clu d in g useful reference tables. 14pp. F old er. Taper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . T H E C O M P L E T E M A N IK IN . Systems o f Body accurately indexed. In valua b le to Students A natom y, M edicine, F irs t-A id and A llie d Subjects. Price 2 S . n e t ; postage, 2d. T H E T R IA N G U L A R B A N D A G E : Its A p p licatio n A ccurately Described by W o rd s ar.d 116 D iagram s. By

HOW ARD

PRESTO N,

Demonstrator to the Polytechnic.

116 Illu s . P rice, IS . net, postage 2d. T H E R O LLE R BANDAGE. B y th e S am e A u th o r.

Its A pp lication A ccurately D escribed by W o rds and 162 D iagram s. P rice, i s . n et., postage 2d. F I R S T - A I D A N A T O M IC A L D IA G R A M S . T w e lve in set, on R o lle r. Post fiee, 2 S . lO d . E a ch D iagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. N o . 1 4 . — H U M A N B O D Y . - S H O W I N G A R T E R I E AND P R E S S U R E P O IN T S . Coloured. P rice, 6 d . T H E W H O L E A R T O F B A N D A G IN G . By TH B K LA

BO W SER,

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BALE,

SONS

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p o s t free.

L t d .,

83-91, G r e a t T it e h fie ld S tr e e t, L o n d o n , W .

O n F i r s t A id , M e d ic in e . S u r g e ry , a n d a ll o t h e r S c ie n tific a n d L i te r a r y s u b je c ts . S e c o n d -H a n d at H a lf P ric e s . N ew Books a t D is c o u n t P r ic e s . C a ta lo g u e s fre e . State wants. Books sent on approval. Books b o u g h t. W . & G . F O Y L E , 12t a n d 123, Cdaring Cross R o a d , London, W .C .

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“FIRST AID” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed w ith a ll Queries. M ay,

1917.

P r i n t e d a n d P u b lis h e d b y M e s s rs . D a l b , R b w n o l d s & C o ., L td ., 46, C annon S t., L o n d o n , B .C . , to w h o m a ll eoowDunloatioos rh o u ld b e a d d s e s s e d

F I R S T AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

-----

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

E d ited by ARTH UR B. D A LE. No. 276.

V ol. X X III. NOTICE

JUNE, 1917. R E A D E R S.

F IR S T A ID is published on the 20th of each month. T he A n n ual Subscription is 2s. 6d. post free ; single copies 2d. Its aim and object being the advancement of A m bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticle s and Reports on subjects pertaining to the M ovem ent and also welcomes suggestions for P ractical Papers. A ll R eports, & c ., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily fo r publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business C om m unications connected w ith F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the P ublishers, DALE,

R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d ., 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E .C . 4. Telegraphic Address: “ Twenty-four, London.” Telephone No. 547*1 Bank.

E D IT O R IA L . O n many occasions has attention been F ir s t Aid directed in these columns to the mania Form of fold advantages which would accrue to In su ra n ce. both employers and employees alike by the more general acquisition of first aid knowledge on the part of industrial workers throughout the country ; in fact, we have persistently emphasised the import ance of the provision of ambulance appliances in workshops, factories, docks, mines and railways and the training of the workers to make intelligent use of such equipment when accidents involving personal injuries arise. Some progress has been made in the directions indicated, and during the past twelve months we have seen a measure passed to the Satute Book which makes it incumbent upon employers to provide first aid appliances in factories, etc., in which the Home Office may consider such provision desirable and order accordingly. We look forward to the time when—at any rate in connection with employments of a more hazard ous character—it shall be a requirement that at least a certain percentage of the workers shall be trained in the administration of first aid to the injured ; for this way lies economy of the industrial man power of the nation, and it is no less than a humanitarian obligation that where em ployees are exposed to risk of injuries that some of their number should receive the instruction which will qualify them to render timely and efficient assistance to their comrades when the need arises.

[ E n t .r .d

a t S ta tto n .r P H a tl.)

[2/8

, P o st F r e e

The war has probably done more than anything else could have done to enlighten the masses as to what the ambulance movement really is and what it has been doing (it must be admitted in a semi-obscure way) in past years, and those who hitherto knew little or nothing of ambu lance work can now appreciate the value of first aid training. It would be a thousand pities if the interest now being dis played on all sides in the movement is allowed to wane with the cessation of hostilities, and in order to avoid this it is essential that the tide of enthusiasm should be taken at the flood, and every effort made to encourage the dissemination of ambulance knowledge among all sections of the com munity, particularly among industrial workers, where the need is so great and where the opportunities for applying such knowledge are all too frequent— despite what has been done by voluntary effort and by means of legislation to safeguard their lives and limbs. One of the highest authorities on the subject in the United States, Lieut.-Col. Lynch, of the American Red Cross Society, recently stated that first aid training is not only most valuable, but also a very cheap form o f insurance, adding, “ possibly we may never need this knowledge, but the wise man or woman would hardly be willing to let any building go without insurance on the chance that it would never burn. How much more important it is to insure our selves against the bad results of accidents.” This is all very true and will appeal to the common sense of the “ wise man or woman.” We insure anything and every thing now adays, so why not adopt a real and more direct form of acci dent and life insurance ? What we generally understand as life assurance is rather an insurance of benefits which accure to others at one’s decease, whereas first aid, as a form of insurance, benefits the insured personally and directly and others as well. The employer insures to cover his risks under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, and in undertakings where the risk of injury to the employee is above the normal the premiums are correspondingly high. It is to masters and men engaged in work of this character that we would par ticularly recommend the first aid form of insurance as one in which the premiums are practically negligibie as com pared with the potential advantages carrying such profits and bonuses to all concerned,

— F I R S T

JJhe S rand 3*riorg of the Order of the h o sp ita l of S t. Jo h n ol Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE

Jhe

No. 1 D istr ic t. D epu ty

S t.

DEPARTMENT.

John .Ambulance Brigade.

D IST R IC T

O R DERS.

C o m m issio n e r :

W IN N Y .

JULY,

1917.

S u n d a y D u t y , St. P a u l’s C a t h e d ra l, S u n d a y , is t . — N o . 1 D iv is io n , St. J o h n ’s G a te , N o . 1. Ilfo r d . 8 th .— N o . 46 L .B . & S . C .R ., W illo w W a lk . 1 5 th .— N o . 47 E a lin g 2 2 n d .— N o . 48 E r it h a n d D is t r ic t . 2 9 th .— N o . 49. K e y fro m St. J o h n ’s G a te , 2 p.m . F r o m 2 .3 0 p.m . to 8 p .m . R A ID

A IR

L IS T .

I f m e m b e rs o f th e B r ig a d e w h o se n a m e s w ere o r ig in a lly on th e A i r R a id L is t h a v e s in c e g o n e o n s e r v ic e , a r e v is e d lis t o f n a m e s s h o u ld b e s e n t in to H e a d q u a r t e r s b y the S u p e rin te n d e n t o r M e m b e r in C h a rg e o f th e D iv is io n , in o rd e r th a t th e n ew lis t m a y be tra n s m it te d to th e P o lic e . NEW

D IV IS IO N .

T h e fo llo w in g n e w N u r s in g D iv is io n h a s b e e n r e g is t e r e d : — T e m p le N u r s in g D iv is io n , N o . 39. S E L L IN G

FLAG S

U N IF O R M .

T h e C h ie f C o m m is s io n e r h a s re c e n t ly d e c id e d th a t n o m e m b e r o f th e B r ig a d e m a y s e ll fla g s in th e stre e t o r in p u b lic p la c e s in u n ifo rm . RO LL

HONOUR.

I t it re g re tte d to a n n o u n c e th a t th e fo llo w in g m e m b e rs o f th e N o . 1 D is t r ic t h a v e lo s t t h e ir liv e s in th e s e rv ic e o f t h e ir c o u n t r y : — P te , B e n tle y , P te . A lf r e d S m ith , P te . C y r a l A . B a k e r , P te . G . W . B a rth o lo m e w , P te . A n d re w s . (S ig n e d )

W . H . W IN N Y , D ep u ty-C om m ission er. H e a d q u a r t e r s :— S t. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E . C . IM P O R T A N T

N O T IC E .

D iv is io n a l S e c r e ta r ie s a re re q u e s te d w h e n s e n d in g n e w s p a p e r c u tt in g o f t h e ir m e e tin g s, e tc., to g iv e th e d a te o f p u b li c a t io n o f th e n e w s p a p e rs .— E d i t o r .

No. 3 D istr ic t. B irm in g h a m .— On F r id a y , M a y 18th , H . R . H . T h e P r in c e s s L o u is e , D u c h e s s o f A r g y le , v is it e d B ir m in g h a m fo r th e p u rp o s e o f o p e n in g a n e w Y . W . C . A . H u t . A ft e r the c e re m o n y a n im p ro m p tu v is it w a s p a id to H a r b o r n e H a ll A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l. H e r R o y a l H ig h n e s s w a s a c c o m p a n ie d in h e r to u r ro u n d th e w a rd s b y th e C o m m a n d a n t a n d the M a tro n . I n th e h o s p it a l at th e p re se n t tim e th e re a re 2 2 0 C o lo n ia ls (C a n a d ia n s a n d A u s t r a lia n s ). A s p e c ia l w a rd is set a s id e fo r N e w fo u n d la n d e rs , s u p p o rte d b y a g ra n t fro m th e N e w fo u n d la n d C o n v a le s c e n t F u n d . H e r R o y a l H ig h n e s s sa w m o st o f the m e n , s h a k in g h a n d s w ith th e m , a n d c h a r m in g e v e ry b o d y w ith h e r k in d ly a n d g r a c io u s in te re s t in t h e ir w e lfa re . A C a n a d ia n w h o p re se n te d H e r R o y a l H ig h n e s s w ith a ro se w a s s p e c ia lly g ra tifie d w h e n sh e w ro te h e r n a m e in h is a u to g ra p h a lb u m . T h e v is it g a v e th e g re a te s t d e lig h t to e v e ry b o d y in the h o s p ita l a n d w ill be lo n g a n d p r o u d ly re m e m b e re d .

KETTERING.— T h e headquarters Division

of the

corps

AID.

—

June, 1917

s p e n t a w e e k -e n d u n d e r c a n v a s a t G re a t O a k le y t h is m o n th , c o m b in in g p r a c t ic a l w o rk w ith re c re a tio n . T h e D iv is io n w a s u n d e r th e c o m m a n d o f S u p t. H . R a b y , S t a ff S e rg t. C . W . C u r t is , S e rg t. W . G ro o m a n d C o r p l. W . D y s o n a ls o b e in g in a tt e n d a n c e — m a rc h e d to the c a m p in g g ro u n d , w h ic h h a d b e en s e le c te d b y th e c o m m itte e in c o n ju n c t io n w ith M r . T h o m a s B a g s h a w , s te w a rt to S ir A r t h u r d e C a p e ll B ro o k e , B a rt. C o r p l. W . D y s o n (c a m p q u a r t e r m a s te r) w a s p a r t ic u la r ly in d e b te d to M r. B a g s h a w , w h o p la c e d h is re s o u rc e s fo r c o o k in g , etc., u n r e s e r v e d ly at h is d is p o s a l in o rd e r to s e c u re the u tm o st c o m fo rt fo r the p a rty . T h e q u a r t e r m a s te r a ls o h a d the v a lu e d a s s is ta n c e o f M r s . H a d le y a n d M is s M . H o ld , o f G re a t O a k le y . W h e n c a m p w a s s t r u c k S u p t. R a b y h e a r t ily t h a n k e d M r. B a g s h a w a n d S ir A r t h u r de C a p e ll B ro o k e fo r t h e ir k in d n e s s , a n d M r. B a g s h a w s u it a b ly re sp o n d e d . T h e h e a d q u a r t e r s w ere re a c h e d so o n a fte r n in e o ’c lo c k , w h e re m u tu a l c o n g r a tu la tio n s w e re e x p re s s e d on t h is v e r y p le a s a n t o u tin g . T h e c o m m itte e r e s p o n s ib le fo r th e g e n e ra l a rra n g e m e n ts c o n s is te d o f th e o ffic e rs w ith P te s. J o y c e , D ix o n a n d H a w th o r n r e p re s e n tin g the m en. LOUGHBOROUGH.— T h e s u m m e r p ro g ra m m e o f th e L o u g h b o ro u g h D iv is io n S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e a n d V . A . D . L e ic e s te r 13 w a s c o m m e n c e d b y a v e r y in s t ru c t iv e a n d in t e resting F ie ld D a y la s t m o n th . S t a r t in g fro m th e L o u g h b o r o u g h H e a d q u a r t e r s , the D i v i s io n m a rc h e d to l ’ re s tw o ld P a r k , w h e re p a tie n ts s u p p lie d b y the B o y S c o u ts (w h o se b a n d a ls o e n liv e n e d th e m a rc h ) w e re la b e lle d fo r s u p p o s e d in ju r ie s a n d w e re c o lle c te d a n d b ro u g h t in to a d r e s s in g s ta tio n o v e r s o m e d iffic u lt g ro u n d , th e o b sta c le s in c lu d in g a b ro o k . P r a c t ic e in th e im p r o v is a tio n a n d lo a d in g o f c o u n t ry c a r ts fo r th e t ra n s p o r t o f s e rio u s in ju r ie s w a s a lso u n d e rta k e n . T h e w h o le o f th e w o rk , u n d e r the s u p e r v is io n o f D r . D u n n , S u p t. B ro w n e a n d S e rg t. G ra h a m , w a s c a r r ie d o ut in a m ost e ffic ie n t m a n n e r a n d so m e v e r y in t e re s t in g p o in t s e lic ite d . T h e w in t e r c o u rs e , w h ic h in c lu d e d c la s s e s in F ir s t A id , N u r s in g a n d H y g ie n e , w a s v e r y s u c c e s s fu l a n d re s u lte d in a g o o d in c r e a s e o f th e m e m b e rs h ip , a n d th e p ro p o s e d s u m m e r c o u rs e , w h ic h in c lu d e s v a r io u s c o m p e titio n s , p r a c t ic a l w o rk in a d v a n c e d F ir s t A id , M ilit a r y S a n it a t io n , & c ., s h o u ld be e q u a lly s u c c e s s fu l.

R O W L E Y R e g i s . — T h i s D iv is io n h e ld its first a n n u a l c h u r c h p a r a d e t h is m o n th w h e n th e re w a s a g o o d a tte n d a n c e o f a m b u la n c e w o rk e rs fro m a ll o v e r th e d is t r ic t , In v ie w o f th e p r e v a ilin g w a r c o n d it io n s th e a rra n g e m e n t s h a d b e e n ke p t as s im p le a s p o s s ib le , th e p a ra d e b e in g p u r e ly a m b u la n c e in c h a ra c t e r. T h e D iv is io n , u n d e r D iv . S u p t. C h a p m a n , w as s u p p o rte d b y re p re s e n ta tiv e s o f the fo llo w in g b r ig a d e s :— D u d le y (la d ie s ) N u r s in g S e ctio n , D u d le y a n d D is t ric t C o rp s (C o rp s Supt. H a t la r id a n d D iv . S u p t. B o u rn e ), L y e D iv is io n (S u p t. S ta c e y , C o m m a n d a n t M ills a n d Q u a rt e rm a s te r S c h o fie ld ), S t o u rb rid g e D iv is io n (S u p t. B o lt o n a n d C o m m a n d a n t C o o k ), L a n g le y and D is t r ic t , a n d C o o m b s W o o d D iv is io n s (S u p t. W illia m s , N o rth W o r e s , C o r p s S e c re ta ry , C o lo u r -S e r g t . B r ic k n e ll a n d S e rg t. H u n t e r ), a n d le d b y th e C r a d le y H e a th T o w n P riz e B a n d the p a ra d e w a s m a d e v ia M e re d ith -s tre e t, S p in n e rs -e n d , L a w re n c e la n e , T r in it y - s t r e e t , W r ig h t ’s -la n e , S t a t io n -ro a d , H a le s o w e n r o a d , to T r in it y C h u r c h , O ld H i ll , fo r s e rv ic e . T h e R e v . C a n n o n B r e w e r p re a c h e d a m o st a p p ro p ria te s e rm o n , a n d a c o lle c t io n w a s ta k e n in a id o f th e B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie ty . . . . T h e a rra n g e m e n ts w ere in th e h a n d s o f the D iv is io n a l (a c t in g ) s e c re ta ry , C o rp l. H . G . U g lo w .

No. 4 D istr ict. P r e s t o n . — P r iv a t e T . L . K in g , R . A . M . C . , fo rm e rly a m e m b e r o f th e R o c h d a le C o r p s , h a s be en g ra n te d th e C e r t if i ca te o f M e r it fo r g a lla n t r y in d e v o tio n a n d d u t y u n d e r h e a v y fire w h ils t s e r v in g w ith the 3 7 th F ie ld A m b u la n c e in F ra n c e . W h ils t p e rfo rm in g t h is g a lla n t a ct P r iv a t e K in g w a s se v e re ly

J une, 1917 w ounded by re c o v e re d .

— F I R S T sh ra p n e l

and

in v a lid e d

hom e, but

has

now

No. 5 D istr ic t. N o t t i n g h a m . — T h e w o rk o f th e C o r p s g ro w s a p a c e in sp ite o f th e fa ct th a t m a n y o f the m e m b e rs h a v e re c e n tly io in e d the C o lo u rs . T w o n ew D iv is io n s h a v e be en s a n c tio n e d d u r in g the m o nth (th e C o r p s B a n d w ith H e a d q u a r t e r s at N e t h e rfie ld a n d B u lw e ll N u r s in g ) . A p p lic a t io n h a s a ls o b e e n m a d e fo r r e c o g n itio n o f tw o V . A . D . ’s, o ne fo rm e d fro m th e N e t h e r fie ld a n d C o r p s B a n d D iv is io n s a n d o n e fro m th e B u lw e ll N u r s in g . F o u rte e n m e m b e rs a n d n u rs e s h a v e a p p lie d fo r a p p o in t m ent u n d e r th e R . N . S . B . R . a n d G .S . O f th e se a p p lic a t io n s n in e h a v e a lr e a d y b e e n s u c c e s s fu l. A la d y w h o h a s r e c e n t ly jo in e d th e S .J .A .B . a n d w h o h a s h ad c o n s id e ra b le m o to r e x p e rie n c e s , is e x p e c te d to le a v e s h o rtly fo r F r a n c e a s a m o to r a m b u la n c e d r iv e r . T h e b e st w ish e s o f th e c o rp s a c c o m p a n y h e r o n h e r u s e fu l c a re e r. T h e C o r p s n o w n u m b e rs 8 9 7 m e m b e rs, a n d d u r in g the m o nth 1 ,1 0 0 h o u rs h a v e be en p u t in o n a m b u la n c e d u t y b y the m e m b e rs in a d d it io n to a tte n d a n c e at le c tu re s , d r ills , & c . T h e C o r p s S u p e r in te n d e n t h a s b e e n m a d e r e s p o n s ib le fo r a n y a m b u la n c e w o rk that m a y a ris e in N o t tin g h a m a n d d is t r ic t in the e v e n t o f a ir r a id a la rm . T w o r e c e n t ly in v e n te d s tre tc h e r c a r r ie r s , w ith s id e c a r a tta c h m e n t, h a v e be en p u r c h a s e d b y th e C o r p s , w h ic h w ill h a v e the a d v a n ta g e o f m a k in g p o s s ib le the r a p id c o n v e y a n c e o f u rg e n t c a s e s to the h o s p it a l— a v e ry im p o rta n t c o n s id e ra t io n at a n y t im e — e s p e c ia lly so at the p re se n t. T h e w o rk o f t ra n s p o rt o f s ic k s o ld ie r s at the B a g t h o r p e M ilit a r y H o s p it a l c o n tin u e s to be c a r r ie d o u t b y m e m b e rs to the c o m p le te s a t is fa c t io n o f the a u th o ritie s .

AID..—

y o u r ribs a n d arm. B y this m e a n s y o u will se c u r e a b so lu te c on tr ol o f th e b r a c h ia l a r te r y a n d at th e s a m e tim e will h a v e both ha n d s free for the m a n ip u la tio n s n e c e s s a r y to c a r r y out d r e s s i n g o f w oun d o f p a lm a r a rc h .— N . CORB ET F l e t c h e r . L . G . ( N o r w o o d ) : — I s it c o r r e c t to u se th e S t . J o h n S li n g fo r w o u n d o f p a lm o f h a n d w ith a rt e r ia l b le e d in g — th e w o u n d b e in g c a u s e d b y b ro k e n g la s s , so m e o f w h ic h r e m a in s e m b e d e d ? A f rie n d s u g g e s t s th a t th e la rg e a rm s l i n g s h o u ld be u s e d b e c a u s e the St. J o h n w o u ld e le v a te th e lim b too m u c h ! P e r s o n a lly , I c o n s id e r th a t th e lim b m u s t be eleva ted in a ll c a s e s o f a r te r ia l b le e d in g , q u it e a p a r t fro m a n y fo re ig n b o d y r e m a in in g in the w o u n d . Y o u r s u g g e s t io n is c o rre c t. T h e St. J o h n S lin g is s e le c te d because it e le v a te s th e h a n d m o re e ffe c tu a lly t h a n th e b r o a d s lin g , th is b e in g o n e o f the th re e im p o r t a n t o b je c t s in th e t re a t m e n t o f a l l v a rieties o f h ie m o r r h a g e , v iz ., p o s it io n o f p a tie n t p o s itio n o f p a rt, a n d p r e s s u re .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . H.

Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— 1■ — Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner of the envelope “ Query,” and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . — A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon ” cut jrom the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. 3■— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

A . H . G . ( C h e l t e n h a m ) I n the S .J .A .A . M a n u a l o f H o m e N u r s in g (p a g e 155, p a r 2), do th e w o rd s “ c o v e rin g the fo rm e r tu rn a n d the ro o ts o f th e fin g e rs ” m e a n th a t the b a n d a g e is c a r r ie d tra n sv ersely a c ro s s b a c k o f h a n d a n d th a t th e n e x t tu rn fo rm s th e firs t s p ic a o n b a c k o f b a n d ? N o . T h e in s t ru c t io n s d o n o t in d ic a te a t ra n s v e r s e tu rn . T h e h a n d is c o v e re d w ith a s e rie s o f fig u r e-o f-eiq h t t u rn s , the first o f w h ic h s h o u ld in c lu d e th e ro o ts o f the fin g e rs. A t the s a m e tim e , th e s in g le t ra n s v e r s e tu rn m a y be u s e fu l, e s p e c ia lly if th e fin g e rs h a v e to be in c lu d e d in th e d r e s s in g fo r the h a n d . - N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . A. H . G ( C h e l t e n h a m ) I n tre a tm e n t o f b le e d in g fro m p a lm a r a rc h is it n e c e s s a r y to a p p lv p re s s u re o n th e a rt e rie s at w ris t before d o in g u p th e h a n d ? T r e a tm e n t d e p e n d s on q u a n tity o f b lo o d b e in g lo s t a n d o n ra p id ity o f its flo w . I f t h is is e x c e s s iv e , th e n c o n tro l o f a rt e r ia l s u p p ly o f lim b d u r in g tre a tm e n t is e ss e n tia l. I n p r a c t ic e th is is d o n e a s fo llo w s. S ta n d in fro n t o f a n d w ith y o u r back to the p a tie n t w h o is s e a te d o n a c h a ir . R a is e the a ffe cte d lim b a n d th e n lo c k p a tie n t’s a rm f ir m ly b e tw e e n

J. G . (H o rn s e y ) (1 ) H a s a n y fe llo w F ir s t - A id e r h e a rd o f a B e n n e tt F ra c tu re o f T h u m b ? I t is m o s t ly fo u n d in th e b o x in g r in g ? (2 ) A r e the tre a tm e n t, s ig n s a n d s y m p to m s the s a m e a s in a n y o th e r fra c t u r e ?

(1 ) B e n n e t t ’s F r a c t u r e is a fra c t u re o f the b a s e o f th e first m e ta c a rp a l b o n e a n d is u s u a lly d u e to a p u n c h . T h e fra c t u r e is o b liq u e — the a n t e r o - in t e r n a l p o rtio n b e in g sep a ra ted a n d the re st o f the b o n e b e in g d isp la ced backw ards. C o n s e q u e n t ly it m a y resem ble a n d be m istaken fo r a d is lo c a t io n at th e c a r p o m e ta c a rp a l jo in t . (2 ) A p p ly the G e n e r a l R u le s fo r T r e a t m e n t o f F r a c t u r e s .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

Queries and Jlnswers Correspondents.

219

P. ( C a r d if f ) re -s ta te s h is Q u e ry o f A p r i l la s t, a n d a s k s if in a c a s e w h e re both in ju r ie s (fr a c t u r e d p e lv is a n d c o m p lic a t e d fra c t u re o f rig h t r ib s ) are p r e se n t together— Che. p a tie n t s h o u ld be in c lin e d to w a rd h is r ig h t sid e .

N o . T h e t ilt in g o f th e p a tie n t w ill tw ist th e s p in a l c o lu m n a n d m ig h t — o w in g to the c o n s e q u e n t e x t ra s t r a in t h ro w n u p o n the p e lv is — c o n v e rt th is in to a c o m p lic a t e d fra c t u re . T h is d a n g e r o u tw e ig h s a n y a d v a n ta g e o b ta in e d fro m the in c lin e d p o s itio n fo r f ra c t u r e d rib s . F u r t h e r , p e r s o n a l e x p e r ie n c e a ls o t e a c h e s th a t the m o st c o m fo rt a b le p o s itio n , w h e n r ib s a re b ro k e n , is o b ta in e d b y k e e p in g the h e a d a n d t r u n k a b s o lu te ly fla t.— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

R . ( A u s t r a lia ) a s k s fo r tre a tm e n t o f fra c t u re d c la v ic le w ith s e v e re a rt e r ia l b le e d in g from, w o u n d o f a x illa r y a rt e ry , b o th in ju r ie s o n s a m e sid e .

O w i n g t o the p e c u l i a r d i f f i c u l t i e s o f c o n t r o l l i n g b l e e d i n g fro m the a x i l l a r y a r t e r y ( a n d t h e u r g e n t d a n g e r t o li f e a s s o c ia te d th e re w ith ), we m u st e x e rt p re s s u re o n the s u b c la v ia n w ith o u t a g g r a v a t in g the f ra c t u re d c la v ic le , i f the la t t e r — a m in o r d e ta il by com parison w ith c o n t r o l o f th e h m m o rrh a g e __ c a n b e a v o id e d . O u r b e st p la n — to a c c o m p lis h th is o b je c t — is to p la c e a firm g r a d u a te d p a d o n the s u b c la v ia n a rt e r y b e h in d a n d clear o f the b ro k e n e n d s o f the c la v ic le , a n d to fix it f ir m ly in p o s itio n w ith a fig u re -o f-e ig h t r o lle r b a n d a g e , th e firs t lo o p o f w h ic h p a s s in g th ro u g h th e a x illa e n c lo s e s th e p a d {ca refu lly ■wrapped in d ry boracic lin t to p re v e n t in fe c tio n o f w o u n d ' e s s e n t ia l fo r f ra c t u re o f c o lla r b o n e . T h e b a n d a g e is th e n c a r r ie d o v e r the p a tie n t’s b a c k th ro u g h th e o p p o s ite a x illa a n d th e n c e a c ro s s th e fro n t o f h is c h e s t u n t il th e s e c o n d lo o p is c o m p le te d . W it h a lit tle c a re th e s u c c e e d in g t u rn s a n d lo o p s o f the b a n d a g e m a y be so p la c e d th a t th e y a v o id p r e s s u r e on th e fra g m e n ts o f th e c la v ic le w h ile th e y secure cotnplete con tro l o f th e s u b c la v ia n a rte ry . T h i s d o n e , w e fin is h o ff o u r tre a tm e n t o f th e b ro k e n c o lla rb o n e w ith t ra n s v e r s e b a n d a g e a n d St. J o h n s lin g , a n d in so d o in g e x e r t p r essu re d irectly o n the w o u n d e d a x illa r y a rt e r y F in a lly , w e re m o v e th e p a tie n t o n a s tre tc h e r, in v ie w o f the g r a v e d e g re e o f C o lla p s e w h ic h is lia b le to a c c o m p a n y s u c h a c o m b in a tio n o f in ju r ie s — N, C o r b e t F le t c h e r .

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2 20

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THE ST.

THE

ST.

JOHN

Chancery o f the O rd er , St. foh n's Gate , C lerkenw ell , London , E .C ., J u n e is t , IQ IJ . p le a s e d to s a n c t io n the H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f

A s L a d ies o f G ra c e : E l l a E liz a b e t h , M r s . C lip p e r to n . M a r y , L a d y St. J o h n H o p e .

A s H o n o ra ry S erving B r o t h e r : C h a r le s H e n r y H i ll .

B o r E n ro lm e n t as H o n o ra ry A ssociates: F r a n c is H e p b u r n C h e v a llie r B o u t e ll. F r a n c is W i ll ia m S a rg a n t . C h a rlo t t e E m m a M a r g a r e t , M is s G ib b o n s .

Ju n e jt h , 1917. T h e K in g h a s b e e n g r a c io u s ly p le a s e d to a p p o in t H is R o y a l H ig h n e s s th e P r in c e o f W a le s a s a K n ig h t o f J u s t ic e o f the O r d e r o f th e H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f Je r u s a le m in E n g la n d .

The Indian Branch of the S.J.A.A., 1908=1915. By

C o l . R. J. BLACKHAM, C.I.E., D .S.O , Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John.

o r e than a year ago I was asked by the Chief Secretary to write an account of the work of the Indian Branch during the time I acted as honorary secretary, i.e., 19081915. I would have preferred that this account should have been written by someone else, and hoped that veteran Knight of Grace, Col. Hendley, would have continued the history of ambulance work in India, which he traced from its earliest inception to the retirement of Col. A. C. Yate. Col. Hendley has, however, passed away, and as no other historian has appeared, I will endeavour to give an account of the development of the Order’s work in India during the period referred to. In 1908, when I landed in India for my second tour of service, having previously had some nine years connec tion with the work of the Association as a lecturer and examiner, both in India and Great Britain, and as an honorary Organising Commisioner in the West of England, the late Major K. M. Cameron, an officer of my own Corps, was honorary secretary of the Indian Branch and surgeon to the Commander-in-Chief or “ Staff-Surgeon at Army Headquarters,” as the appointment was then called. Major Cameron lived in Simla in the summer and Calcutta in the winter.

G A ZETTE. —

June, 1917.

JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

The Qrand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

T h e K in g h a s b e e n g r a c io u s ly a p p o in tm e n ts to the O r d e r o f the J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d :—

AMBULANCE

My arrival in India was coincident with an effort to revive interest in ambulance work, and, after some correspon dence with Major Cameron, I was asked by the late Lord Kitchener, Commander-in-chief, to take over the work of honorary secretary. In the meantime I had been posted to Peshawar, a very inconvenient station from which to carry out the duties. Fortunately, Mr. Vivian Gabriel, of the Indian Civil Service, was then secretary to the Chief Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province. He had worked as honorary secretary of the Simla Centre throughout Col. Yate’s administration, and knew much more about the organisation than anyone else in India. It was found that very few of the members of the Committee appointed by Lord Curzon remained. The first step, therefore, was to form a new Committee. With Mr. Gabriel’s help, the interest of the Viceroy and Lady Minto was secured, and the first meeting of the new Indian Branch Committee was held at Viceregal Lodge in the year 1909. From that time onwards the interest of Lord and Lady Minto never flagged and the value of their patronage cannot be over estimated. The Spring of 1910 saw the last of the competitions at Jubbulpore for the Volunteer and Railway Shields, which were presented to the Indian Branch by the Order of St. John in 1906. The competition for the Railway Shield produced five teams, but the entries for the Volunteer Shield were even poorer. On this occasion, for the first time, the Indian Branch paid the cost of the competition and medals. During the summer of 1909 a booklet was compiled setting forth the advantages of first aid and ambulance training. It was scattered broadcast over India and, with the invaluable aid of the Indian Press, helped in no small degree to make the Association known. At the annual meeting in 1910 a very important step was taken at the suggestion of Sir Trevredyn Wynne, Chair man of the Executive Committee. It was decided to send the honorary secretary round India and Burma to visit heads of Governments, Rulers of States and important business men, and enlist their sympathies on behalf of the Association. Lady Minto specially interested herself in this scheme, and, at the request of the Viceroy, the Military Authorities placed me on special duty for three months at the beginning of 1911. The expenses of this tour were trifling, as the Railway Board, of which Sir Trevredyn Wynne was also President, provided the necessary passes on all railways. During 1909-10 the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas developed p a r i p assu with the Association. In 1909 there were only two units of the Brigade in existence, but during 1910 the Indian Railways, headed by the Oudh and Rohilkhand took up Brigade work, and in 1911 the Burma Divisions of the Brigade were organised. The ladies of Simla were, however, the pioneers of the Nursing Divisions owing to the exertions of Lady Haig. The Field-Marshal was at that time Chief of the Staff at Indian Army Headquarters, and Surgeon Lieut.-Col. Sir Warren-

June, 19 17.

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Crooke-Lawless, C .I.E , Surgeon to the Viceroy. The latter rendered yeoman service during this time in India and the Association was fortunate in having his help and assistance. He was a great power in Viceregal circles in Simla, and without his continued and active support as honorary secretary of the Executive Committee it would have been quite impossible for me to carry on my work, situated as I was 600 miles from the summer capital and 1,500 from the then winter capital—Calcutta. The great Delhi Durbar offered a fascinating oppor tunity for the employment of ambulance personnel on street duty, a matter in which I had had extensive previous experience. A contingent of the Brigade Overseas was organised with representatives of Divisions from Calcutta, Lucknow, Bombay and Peshawar, and was offered to the Military Authorities. It was not possible to fit it into the Military scheme, so it was taken over by the Civil Authorities, thanks to the efforts of Mr Vivian Gabriel, who was secretary of the Durbar Committee. Sir Trevredyn Wynne obtained a site for a camp ad joining that of the State Railways, and the Maharajah of Jaipur, through Col. Dhanpat Rai, a keen ambulance worker, placed transport and personnel at my disposal. The camp was well managed by the Acting-Quartermaster, Mr. Strudwick, of Peshawar, and the ambulance stations were efficient and well equipped. The contingent was the first thing of its kind, not only in India but anywhere in the East, and naturally attracted a good deal of attention. It was the first camp of unpaid ambulance workers gathered for anything like so long a time—in this case nearly a fortnight. The contingent was fortunate in having the opportunity of rendering assistance to a player in the Polo Finals, in the presence of Their Imperial Majesties. The prompt action and the presence of men in the familiar black and white uniform attracted a great deal of attention. As a mark of apprecia tion the Viceroy awarded the Durbar Medal to each member of the contingent. There can be no doubt that the presence of this con tingent acted as a great stimulus to ambulance work in the Indian Empire, and during 1911 I received an immense number of enquiries from all over India. The annual competitions for 1912 were held at Luck now, and this year a new Challenge Shield for Police, pre. sented by His Excellency Lord Hardinge, was competed for. The competitions were held at the La Martiniere College. There was a big camp for competitors. The local arrangements were made by Major Gardiner, of the O. and R. Railway, and were remarkably complete in every particular. Major Gardiner was one of my most loyal and disin terested helpers. H e was unfortunately killed during the present war, in October, 1914. Tbe annual meeting for 1912 was held at Viceregal Lodge, Simla. Lord Hardinge, who had succeeded Lord Minto, presided in person. This was the first occasion on which a Viceroy had done so. During the summer of 1912 arrangements were made for the Viceregal State Entry to Delhi. The whole of the ambulance arrangements were placed in the hands of the Association, a tribute, I hope, to what had been done at the Durbar. A strong contingent of the Brigade paraded, and, for the first time, ladies from the Nursing Divisions at Simla and Calcutta were utilised for public duty in India. His Highness the Maharajah of Jaipur again came to our help with transport, which paraded under the command of Col. Dhanpat Rai, C.I.E.

JO H N

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

ist

This occasion was destined to be historical in more ways than one. The attempted assassination of Lord Hardinge took place, and the St. John Ambulance Brigade was privileged to render first aid to a Viceroy of India. For this service we received the thanks of the Secretary ol State and Government of India. At the beginning of 1913 I was attached to the Viceroy’s staff, and moved the offices of the Association from the far off North-West Frontier to the summer capital at Simla. Steady progress was made financially and other wise during the year, and the issuing of certificates was transferred to the head offices from the Bombay Stores Department. The Association had still, however, no home of its own and was housed in my hospital. The issue of certificates averaged over 500 per month and the labour of making them out was very ccnsiderable. I am very glad to have this opportunity of acknowledg ing the great assistance rendered by Mrs. Briscoe, who undertook this duty in her spare time. ( T o be continued.)

General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee to County Directors. I a m instructed by the Chairman to send you the following for your information : 1. The War Office has sanctioned the registration of one Reserve Detachment, as a temporary arrangement, irrespective of the number of members who hold First Aid and Home Nursing certificates. The Detachment will be registered at the War Office as the Reserve of the particular county—it will not receive a number. There will only be one Detachment in each county, either Territorial, British Red Cross or Order of St. John, according to the needs of each county, but there may be different sections representing the different bodies, should the County Director think it advisable. Members of the Reserve Detachment will wear the name of their county and the word “ Reserve ” on their shoulder straps instead of a numeral. The Reserve Detachment should be registered on the same forms and through the same channels as other detachments. 2. County Directors are asked to investigate any reports they may hear as to wastage of C.A.D. members in their hospitals. 3. Owing to the complaints which have appeared lately in the Press, County Directors are asked to enquire into any such complaints made regarding hospitals in their counties. 4. A copy of the Statutory Rules and Orders regard ing Meals in Hotels, is enclosed for your information. 5. I am asked to state that the Petrol Committee do not consider the conveyance of wounded soldiers to enter tainments, e t c , should be described as Red Cross work, and they are not prepared to authorise County Directors to sign certificates for such purposes. ( The fo llo w in g are inserted a t the request o f M r s . dfurse, Com m anda nt-in-Chief Women's Voluntary A id D etachm ents )

6. County Directors who are in need of women ambu lance drivers can apply to Devonshire House, who are pre pared to supply good women drivers. Full particulars with regard to Terms can be obtained from Devonshire House. 7. If a member who has been posted to an Auxiliary Hospital through Devonshire House should become ill,

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Mrs. Furse would be grateful if the Hospital authorities would at once communicate with her on the subject. The following points should be specified :— (1 ) T h e n a t u re o f the illn e s s . (2 ) I f in fe c tio u s , w h a t s te p s h a v e b e e n ta k e n a s to the is o la t in g o f th e ca se . ( 3 ) T h e s e v e rit y o f th e a tta c k . (4 ) W h e t h e r th e m e m b e r h a d to be re m o v e d fro m the H o s p it a l, if so , u n d e r w h o se c a re sh e h a s been p la c e d . (5 ) W h e t h e r h e r re la t iv e s h a v e b e e n in fo rm e d . (6 ) I f a n o p e ra t io n is c o n s id e re d n e c e s s a r y , w h e th e r the c o n s e n t o f h e r n e x t -o f-k in h a s b e e n o b ta in e d .

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

V.A.D.

June, 1917.

News.

The following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .T). Headquarters Department op the jo in t V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading.-— E d i t o r .

A h o s t e l has lately been opened in Grosvenor Gardens for the benefit of V.A.D. workers undergoing training in special subjects, such as cooking, motor-driving, X-ray work, etc. It also provides accommodation for members coming home on leave and arriving late at Victoria Station, or leaving London for foreign service. The Commandant 8. Training Courses have been arranged in the follow of the Hostel is assisted in the management by a Lady ing subjects, full particulars of which may be had on Superintendent, Quartermaster, and Head Cook. V.A.D. application to Devonshire House. cooks who are awaiting appointment, help in the kitchen A . — (1 ) Bacteriological T rain in g. in return for their expenses. With the exception of paid charwomen, the remainder of the staff consists of V.A.D. P la c e — L y s t e r In s t it u t e , C h e ls e a G a r d e n s , C h e ls e a B r id g e - r o a d . members who attend daily giving their services The A t t e n d a n c e s — D a ily . arrangements in the Hostel are extremely simple, as life N o . o f S t u d e n t s — 6. there is intended to be a preparation for active service. H o u r s — 10 to 1 a.m . a n d 2 to 5 p .m ., S u n d a y s e x c e p te d . All arrangements for accommodation in the Hostel are D u r a t io n o f C o u r s e — 2 m o n th s. made through the Joint Women’s Voluntary Aid Depart (2 ) Pathological and Bacteriological T raining. ment at Devonshire House, and applications should be P la c e — U n iv e r s it y C o lle g e H o s p it a l M e d ic a l S c h o o l. made to the Commandant-in-Chief of Women’s V .A .D ’s. A t t e n d a n c e s — D a ily . *** N o . o f S t u d e n t s — 2. Course of Training in X-Ray Work. {G iv e n under the H o u r s — 10 to 1 a.m . a n d 2 to 5 p .m ., S a t u r d a y a fte r

B — (1 )

n o o n s e x c e p te d . D u r a t io n o f C o u r s e — 2 to 3 m o n th s.

direction op S ir Ja m e s M ackenzie D a vid so n ). A third course of X-Ray Lectures will be started on

Ophthalmic T raining.

the 20th of June, at University College, Gower-street. The course will consist o f :— S ix Lectures on E le ctricity , by Miss E. Sidney Semmens, B Sc., on Wednesdays— 2 p.m. to 3.30 p.m., and on Thursdays— 2.30 p.m. to 4 p.m. These will be followed by a course of Demonstrations on X-Ray Apparatus, at Messrs. Cox & Co., Great Portland-street; Localisation of foreign bodies ; short course of Radiography at a Hospital, to be taken by Miss Semmens, and on X-Rays Photography, by Miss Clarke-Lloyd ; also Lectures on Anatomy will be given by Miss Dickenson, I.S.T.M. The time and placeof these Demonstrations will be stated later. The whole course will last about seven or eight weeks. The fee for the course is 10s. 6d., and members are asked to give their services to the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John, if called on by them, within a period of six months, unless prevented by illness or urgent home duties. Members are asked to send in their names at once, with a letter of recommendation from their Commandant or County Director, and to state their age, as older members will be given the preference. The class is limited in number. All communications to be made to Miss Clarke-Lloyd, Zetland House, Cheniston-gardens, Kensington, W.8, who is the Secretary of the Classes. * *

P la c e — C e n t r a l L o n d o n O p h t h a lm ic H o s p it a l, J u d d stre e t, St. P a n c r a s . N o . o f S t u d e n ts — 2 A t t e n d a n c e s — D a ily . H o u r s — 1 to 4 p .m ., S u n d a y s e x c e p te d . D u r a t io n o f C o u r s e — 3 to 4 m o n th s. (2 )

P la c e — W e s t e r n O p h t h a lm ic H o s p it a l, M a r y le b o n e ro a d , W . N o . o f S t u d e n ts — 2. A t t e n d a n c e s — D a ily . H o u r s — M o n d a y s , T u e s d a y s , T h u r s d a y s a n d F r id a y s , 2 p . m . ; W e d n e s d a y s a n d S a tu rd a y s , 10 a.m . D u r a t io n o f C o u r s e — 3 to 4 m o n th s.

(3 )

P la c e — R o y a l L o n d o n O p h t h a lm ic H o s p it a l, C it y -r o a d , L o n d o n W a ll, E .C . N o . o f S t u d e n ts — 2. A t te n d a n c e s — D a ily . H o u r s — 9 a .m ., 12 o r I p.m . D u r a t io n o f C o u r s e — 3 to 4 m o n th s. T h e O p t h a lm ic T r a in in g w ill c o n s is t o f :— (a) C le r ic a l w o rk . \b) T e s t in g th e s ta n d a r d o f v is io n b y m e a n s o f test ty p e s. (c) F it t in g o f s p e c t a c le s fra m e s. (d) T o g e n e r a lly a s s is t th e O p h t h a lm ic S u rg e o n in the m a tte r o f r e fra c t io n , & c .

With the exception of the X-Ray Course there is no fee for these trainings. Students entering must be prepared to become V.A.D. members and to accept appointments through the Joint V.A.D. Department of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, if considered suitable by that Department, and before entering for any of the courses they will be required to sign an agreement to this effect. Accommodation for the students can be found in V.A.D. Hostels in London, and details with regard to fees, etc., can be obtained from Devonshire House. Yours faithfully, Louis P e a r s o n , Secretary.

The following extract from the letter of a Matron of a Military Hospital will give encouragement to those V.A.D. members who are inclined to feel that their work is not always appreciated :— “ I should like to take this opportunity to express my very sincere appreciation of the invaluable work done by the nursing V .A .D .’s here and in the extensions to the Base Hospital. “ This hospital is built on the open-air system, and

June, 1917.

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during the last two very severe winters the temperature in the wards (which are unheated) has often been below freez ing ; this winter we have had between 16 and 18 degrees of frost in the wards themselves, the ink freezing in the pens and ink-pots, and the lotions having to be taken round the wards in bottles standing in constantly renewed hot-water to keep them from freezing. “ During the whole of the time that the hospital has been open, no V.A.D. has resigned because of the cold. “ Many of those in their third year are quite capable of taking junior staff nurses’ duties, having shown intelli gence, interest, and a sense of responsibility and loyalty of which I cannot speak too highly. “ I should be glad to see a special decoration for nursing V.A D. members, many of whom richly deserve it.” A later letter from the same writer continues :— “ I can only add that my opinion is fully endorsed by both the Commanding Officer and the Sisters at this hos pital. V.A.D. nurses, like every other nurse, require train-

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There seems no reason why Medical Officers and Lady Superintendents should not remain on the strength of their Detachment, though working elsewhere, provided the Com mandant and County Director are willing. Unless the Detachment is running a hospital of its own, it may have no work for its trained staff at the moment, and would cer tainly not wish them to remain idle. ** * “ One who looks on ” raises another point with refer ence to Detachment organisation — “ In Form D the Scheme for Organisation of V .A .D .’s, page 4, par. 8, it appears that both Medical Officers and Lady Superintendents are essential to such detachments, and yet in reports of same these officers appear to have no place, trained nurses being placed last on the list except where “ deaths” have occurred. It would perhaps help in the friendly feeling among all concerned if qualified mem bers were given the courtesy due to them, and which they,

♦ A

sk er n

m bu lan ce

an d

u r sin g

iv isio n s

, N

ist r ic t

Two new Divisions formed owing to the opening of coalfields in the District.

ing, but I have always found that in the great majority of cases those who have worked here have not only been most willing and eager to learn, but have shown a quick intelligence, and a very real appreciation of the spirit of nursing, with a pride in their wards and hospital which we all appreciate.” ***

With reference to a reply in last month’s issue to an enquiry concerning the continued application of the term “ Voluntary ” to paid members working in military hospitals, we have received the following question from “ One who looks on,” who “ would be interested to know if the para graph referred to applies also to Medical Officers and Lady Superintendents, or is it only Commandants and V.A.D. nurses who can enter military hospitals or accept salaries, and yet remain attached to their original detachment?”

in turn, should also give to the unqualified or amateur mem bers of the same detachment.” The report quoted refers to a hospital, not a detach ment, and only gives a few details required for a special purpose. It does not profess to give full particulars of the staff. * * * Comments we have received on the vagaries in shape of “ uniform ” hats, and an enquiry as to what army rank Commandants are considered to hold as honorary officers, are to be brought before the Uniform Committee, and will be answered in our next number. V The following V.A.D. Roll of Honour, is we deeply regret, the heaviest we have received since these records have been kept and published, and our deep sympathy

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goes out to the relatives of those whose names appear below. Mrs. Napier Trollope, Suffolk 72, worked at the Beccles Red Cross Hospital, and was 011 duty when she contracted pneumonia, dying after a few days’ illness on March 28th. Her funeral took place at Beccles on March 31st, with military honours. Miss Jessie Bridge, Surrey 112, died on April 21st, age 24. Her Commandant writes :— “ She was always delicate, and the work must have hastened her end. She was earning her living at dressmaking, but gave it up to work voluntarily in local hospitals. She was a most keen member, and her patriotism splendid, never thinking of herself or anything but the cause. She gave up everything for the Red Cross.” Miss Emily M. Elwes, Bournemouth Nursing Division, died on March 19th, of cerebro-spinal meningitis, caught through nursing a soldier in a Bournemouth V.A.D. hospital. From November, 1914, up to the time of her illness, she nursed a great deal in local hospitals, though prevented by family circumstances from undertaking any very long spell of work. Her Commandant speaks of her as a keen, efficient, and unselfish member. Mrs. Farr was one of the original members of Hants 80, which was formed in the early part of 1911, and she acted as its Quartermaster until her death, on January 26th, 1917. She took a large share in the organisation of Rothesay Hospital in November, 1914, and in January, 1916, became Commandant of the Hospital, which she worked with the help of Dr. Farr, with a Matron-in-Charge, until October, 1916, when, finding the work too much, she asked for a Committee of Management. She continued, however, to act as Hon. Treasurer and Quartermaster until very shortly before her death, and the success of the hospital has been largely due to her able and devoted work. Mrs. Maud Miles, London 66, worked at the 4th Northern General Hospital, Lincoln, from May, 1915 to June, 1916 ; at the ist London General from July to August 1916 ; and at the Woking Military Hospital from December, 1916, until her death, which took place at the Q A.I.M.N.S. Hospital, Vincent-square, on May n th , 1917. Miss Eleanor Louisa Campion, London, 250, acted as storekeeper at Dartford War Hospital from September 27th, 1916, to March 19th, 1917, when |Jie became ill with cellulitus, contracted in the course of her duties, and after much suffering died on May 15th. Miss Sybil B. Downs, Herts. 26, served in the 5th Southern General Hospital, Portsmouth, for 18 months from May, 1915, and was among those mentioned “ for valuable services” in the War Secretary’s list of March 3rd, 1917. She was the elder daughter of Mr. King Downs, Rectory Farm, Gesingthorpe, Essex, and died at home after a short illness on May n th . The coffin was draped with the Union Jack, by permission of the military authorities, and was followed by her old schoolmistress, Miss Garrad, Quartermaster at the Red Cross Hospital, Sud bury, Suffolk, and several V.A.D. members. Her life was given for the cause she had serve so well and unsparingly. Mrs. H. Butler, Commandant of Glos. 4 (Badminton), had held this positron since the Detachment was raised in 1910, and gave a great deal of time to Red Cross work be fore the war. Badminton Hospital, one of the first to be opened, was staffed by her Detachment with herself as Commandant, and since November 9th, 1914, has been occupied almost continuously, having dealt with over 300 military patients. Mrs. Butler was a most energetic Com mandant, sparing herself no trouble, and giving practically

AMBULANCE

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June, 1917.

the whole of her time to her work. She was on duty up to the day when her fatal illness began. Miss Ethel Marchant, Hants, 12, served for a year as clerk at the 5th Southern General Hospital, Southsea. The Matron writes of h er:—“ She was a most splendid, loyal worker, and will be missed by all.”

Budrum—a Castle of the Knights of St. John. B y H. W. FINCHAM. n e of the most interesting examples of the mediaeval military fortresses of the Order of St. John, when their whole work and interest lay at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, is that of the Castle of St. Peter at Budrum. Budrum stands in a small bay on the northern coast of the Gulf of Kos, one of the many gulfs which indent the rocky coast of Asia Minor. In the ancient days of Greece it was the famous city of Halicarnassus, which held the magnificent tomb of King Mausolus, the wonderful sculp tures from which are now in the British Museum. While the Knights of St. John made their head quarters in the island of Rhodes, they built and occupied many castles on the coast of Asia Minor, the most import ant of these being at Smyrna. In 1402 Smyrna was cap tured by the army of Timour, and the Order recognising the gravity of this loss decided to find a site for another castle of similar importance, and in 1404 they seized the town of Budrum, and here on a narrow strip of land projecting into the harbour, the Grand Master Philibert de Nailliac built a strong fortress, the castle of St. Peter. This, besides being an important rallying centre for the ships and galleys of the Order, was also a place of refuge for those unhappy Christians who, having at some time been taken prisoners by the Turks and condemned to slavery, had succeeded in escaping and were attempting to return to their fellow countrymen, where they could find help and protection and be safely conveyed hence to their friends. It is said that the Knights of Budrum had a race of dogs which were trained to distinguish escaping Christians from their Turkish captors and render assistance to the fugitive in a similar manner to the dogs of the monastery of Mont St. Bernard, which rescue travellers from the snow, or those dogs now being employed by the French Army Ambulances to seek for the wounded on the battle field. Here we have another example of the pioneer work of the Order of St. John in past centuries. Admiral Sir A. H. Markham, who wrote an account of his visit to Budrum in 1904, tells how the harbour accom modated the whole of the Mediterranean Squadron under his command, and how the Castle of St. Peter stood boldly out into the sea protecting the inner harbour. When the Knights built the castle they used a great deal of the remains of the ancient Mausoleum, and in 1846, twelve marble slabs of the frieze of that famous monument were extracted from its walls and removed to the British Museum, and there can still be seen projecting from its walls six lions in white memtles-of the finest period of ancient Grecian art. Sir C. T. Newton, the late keeper of the Greek and Roman antiquities at the British Museum, visited Budrum in 1864, and wrote the following description of the castle.

June, 1917.

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ST.

“ The position of this castle is one of great natural strength as compared with the means of attack known in the 15th century. It is surrounded on three sides by the sea, while on the land side the rocky nature of the soil would have made mining impossible. The castle is entered from the Isthmus by a ramp cut through the western corner of a glacis of unusual size, which forms the outer defence on the north side. Within this ramp is a fosse, which widens as it approaches the sea. having a breadth of 150 feet in the part where the gateway from the ramp opens into it. This end of the fosse is protected by a casemated battery to hinder the landing of troops within the glacis. This battery has a roof of solid masonry, gabled externally to prevent the lodgment of shells. The north side is further strengthened by two towers connected by a curtain wall and a smaller fosse running parallel to the larger fosse. On the western side, which faces the harbour, the castle is defended by a wide rampart, within which is a deep fosse. It is in the sea face of this rampart that the lion’s heads from the Mausoleum are placed. On the eastern and southern sides the external line of defence is a curtain wall, with a strong tower at the south-east corner. The opposite angle on the north-west is protected by a platform, with embrasures for nine guns on the south and eight on the west. The entrance to the Castle is through a series of seven gateways, to the first of which the ramp in the northern glacis leads up. After crossing the northern fosse, the road passes through three more gateways into the sea-rampart of the western fosse, and thence winding through three more gateways, finally enters the interior of the fortress at its south-western angle. The seventh and last of these gateways is protected by the platform already noticed. The object of so winding an approach was, of course, to guard against surprises. The area contained within these external defences is divided into an outer and inner bailey. In the inner bailey, which is the highest ground within the Castle, are two lofty square towers which form the keep. The outer bailey contains the Chapel of the Knights.” The tower at the south-east corner is called the English Tower and was built with contributions from Englishmen, the money being raised by a method peculiar to the Middle Ages, the Knights obtaining from the Pope permission and authority to sell a certain number of indulgences, two commissioners being appointed for the purpose. In the British Museum there is still to be seen one of these Grants of Indulgences. “ Dat in domus de Clerkenwell ” from Brothers John Seyville and William Hulles, who was afterwards Grand Prior of England, as Proctors of Pope Alexander V., to Sir William Fitz Hugh and Margery his wife as contributors to the refortifying °of the Castle of St. Peter at Budrum, lately captured from the infidel, a . d 1 4 1 4 . There is a facsimile of this deed in the Library of the Order at St. John’s Gate. On the western wall of the English tower is a frieze in white marble, consisting of 26 shields of arms of English men, which most probably represent those who contributed to the rebuilding. In the centre are the arms of King Henry IV., and on either side there are Henry of Mon mouth Prince of Wales, Thomas Duke of Clarence, John Duke of Bedford, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Edward Duke of York, John Beaufort Earl of Somerset, Sir John Burleigh, Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, John Holland Duke of Exeter, Henry Percy Earl of Northum berland, Nevill Earl of Westmorland, Michael de la Pole Earl of Suffolk, Lord Zouch, Grey, Lord Strange of

JOHN

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Knockyn, Thomas Fitz Alan Earl of Arundel, Thomas Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Richard Vere Earl of Oxford, Edward Courtenay Earl of Devon, Sir William FitzHugh, Lord Stafford, Cresson, Woolfe and Fairfax. On other parts of the tower are the arms of Grand Master Fabricio Carretta 1513-1521, Sir Thomas Sheffield, Captain of Budrum, and Sir John Kendall, Turcopolier and later Grand Prior of England. In the embrasures of the windows there are still to be seen scratched on the stone, hundreds of names and coats of arms, autographs of Knights in their idle moments and many of these are of Englishmen. Budrum passed to the Turks when they drove the Knights from Rhodes in 1522 and so few changes have they made, that when Sir C. T. Newton visited it the long bronze guns of the Knights still armed the batteries and their powder lay caked up in the magazines, and it is probably so to-day. The daily papers of July, 1915, announced that a French torpedo boat and a cruiser had bombarded and destroyed the village of Budrum, but it is to be hoped that the ancient castle did not suffer and that it will stand for centuries yet as a monument to the energies of the Order of St. John in the East. In the Chapter Hall at St. John’s Gate the large lantern light in the roof contains in its windows stainedglass copies of the English coats of arms at Budrum, commemorating in the headquarters of the Order in England, those Englishmen who gave so much help to the Order in the fifteenth century.

Improvisation By

and

TH EK LA

Adaptation.

BOWSER.

T h e first -a ider w h o p o s s e s s e s n e i t h e r o f th e a b o v e q u a l i t i e s m a y w r ite h i m s e l f d o w n as a f a ilu re at o n c e , but, lu c k ily , t h e r e a r e few s u c h in o u r ra n ks.

This war has proved to other than ambulance people the absolute necessity for getting away from conventional thought and action and the utility of being able to “ make the best of a bad job.” We will not consider work in a Base Hospital where, even in France, arrangements are often amazingly complete, but a little nearer to the firing line the shoe very soon begins to pinch and the ordinary every-day commodities of life are missing in a most astonishing fashion. Hot water is a thing to be treasured as though it were a precio liqueur, a sufficiency of utensils there never is by any chance, and “ things ” seem to conspire together to “ upset ” themselves and their human victims, for tables are apt to be ricketty, much-worn canvas chairs give way at critical moments and pots and pans take to “ running ”— not away, but allow all their contents to do so ! Thus it happens that the first aider who is doing duty at a Rest Station in an out-of-the-way corner, should be something of a carpenter, have a knowledge (and equip ment) of soldering and be able to turn anything and everything to use. At a certain festive tea given to some men in France who seldom had anything but Army routine work come their way, the chef d'ceuvre of the entertainment was a fruit salad which was made, save for three apples, entirely of dried fruits. There bad been no small difficulty in pro curing the ingredients, but then there came the problem of finding a fitting dish into which to put them. A quaint present had been made to the Rest Station of a large, deep, blue-pottery jar, intended to hold a plant.

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This was washed out and with much dignity took its place as a centre ornament on the tea-table. Apple-Charlotte (which one of the nurses said was all apple and no Charlotte, because sponge cakes were not to be got) made their appearance with the greatest success in well-washed enamel bowls and an enormous water-can was turned into a wonderful coffee-pot! As the autumn came round and the country was gorgeous with bronzed foliage the nurses decided that the Station must never be without a great branch of golden leaves; but there was no tall receptacle that could be spared. A tin of Oliver biscuits had been sent out, and after a line of solder had been run down the seam of the tin, so that it became water-tight, and it had been coaxed into shimmering brightness by vigorous cleaning, it became a “ vase ” that never failed to call forth exclamations of delight from visitors to the Station. It seems to those who have been for months on an “ outpost,” as it were, that no kind of knowledge can come amiss. Ration boxes figure largely in the life of such Units, for they do a great deal more than bring in the food. They can be made into wash-handstands, tables, pigeon-holes for stores and even chairs, though for the latter purpose an old barrel is infinitely superior. One end is knocked out, half of the front is cut away and the end inserted at the level of the seat. At one Rest Station in France the girls have cleverly padded these barrel armchairs, covered them with cretonne and have a regular “ suite ” of them in their little room off the Dressing Station. The husbanding of water in such places is in itself an art. Boiled water, hot and cold, is precious, and many a time has the writer had hard work to keep her temper when a well-meaning orderly has “ just filled up the kettle ” thereby leaving her without any boiling water or even any that is still warm and has been boiled. With only two small oil stoves, and two kettles, there was constant juggling going on, so that no unboiled water should be added to that which had already reached boiling point ! A certain amount of deftness with the needle is absolutely an essential for the woman ambulance worker and should be cultivated if not inherent. First aid has to be given to clothes as well as to men and that at top speed, when the man inside the clothes is on a troop train, which only stays in the Station for three minutes ! It would be extremely interesting to hear of other improvisat’ons which have been accomplished by first aiders during their war work. This little article is only an outline and is suggestive rather than exhaustive, but perhaps it will serve its purpose if it helps to make the ambulance man and woman realise that they cannot afford to pass by the chance of acquiring any kind of knowledge, simply because they never know what they may be called upon to do, and what emergency with which to cope, in the course of their work for humanity at large. Carts of all sorts must be turned into ambulances, stretchers evolved out of poles and string, clean dressings made (when nothing else is at hand) from the inside of an envelope, and so on ad infinitum . Members of the Order and those who are interested in its work will be gratified to see that His Majesty has been graciously pleased to appoint Mr. Evelyn Cecil, M.P., and Lord Claud Hamilton, M.P., the Secretary-General and Registrar of the Order respectively, as members of His Privy Council.

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

Notes and

June, 1917.

News.

On June ist, the Director (Lord Ranfurly), the Secre tary-General (Mr. Evelyn Cecil) and Mr. Wardle (acting Chairman of the Labour Party) addressed a number of disabled soldiers at Roehampton House, who were about to commence a course of training as artificial limb repairers in connection with the scheme which the Central Com mittee of members of the Order and Roehampton House have laid before the Minister of Pensions. *** During a recent visit to France, the Secretary-General took the opportunity of visiting the 130th Welsh Field Ambulance. Mr. Cecil congratulated Col. J. H. Davies, the Officer Commanding, on the good reports which he had received of the work of the ambulance from the military authorities. It will be remembered that this Field Ambulance, which was raised in the St. David’s Centre, is composed entirely of members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, who have received special permission to wear the Brigade Badge on their military uniforms.

V The following have been added to the list of St. John Hospitals :— N ortham ptonshire.

Barry-road V.A.D. Hospital, 200 beds. Sulby Hall, Auxiliary Hospital, Welford, 50 beds. West R id in g .

Lancaster House, Barnsley, 16 beds. St. John Auxiliary Hospital, High School, Wakefield, 200 beds. Holmfirth Auxiliary Hospital, Huddersfield, 50 beds. Denby Dale Auxiliary Hospital, 40 beds. Horley Auxiliary Hospital, 26 beds. Kirkburton V.A.D. Hospital, 35 beds. St. Edmund’s Hall, Roundhay, Leeds. 36 beds. Cragg Vale, Mytholmroyd, Halifax, 16 beds. Clififord-street V.A.D. Hospital, Yorks, 46 beds. St. John’s College, York, 100 beds. Normanby Park, Doncaster, 60 beds. St. George’s Home, Doncaster, 50 beds. Auxiliary Military Hospital, Knaresborough, 47 beds. Gloucestershire.

St. John V.A.D. Hospital, Cheltenham, 170 beds. *** Arrangements are being made by the St. John Ambulance Association for continuous First Aid and Home Nursing Classes to be held during the Autumn and Winter in the neighbourhood of Charing Cross. These Classes are being instituted to enable individual candidates to join at any time and be examined without undue delay after attending the necessary number of lectures.

V Notice Classes :—

has been received of the following

new

F ir s t A id f o r Women.— Commencing Monday, June 18th, at 5.15 p.m., Lyonsdown School, New Barnet, Herts. Secretary, Miss M. Caignell; Telephone, 721 Barnet. Hom e N u rs in g f o r M e n . — Commencing Wednesday, June 20th, 8 p.m., The Church Institute, Three Colts-street, Limehouse, E. 14. Secretary, Mr. J. E. Hillier, 22, Arbour-square, Stepney, E. 1. Lecturer, Dr. Carvell.

June. 1917.

— F I R S T

CO NTEN TS E

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T H IS

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F ir s t A id a F o r m o f In s u r a n c e D

is t r i c t

NUM BER.

e p o r t s

...

No. 1 ; N o. 3 ; N o. 4 N o . 5 ... ...

... ...

Q u e rie s a n d A n s w e r s to C o r r e s p o n d e n t s T

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. J

o h n

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...

... ...

... 2 18 ... 2 19

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B r e v it ie s ... T h e U s e a n d A b u s e o f S t im u la n ts e t t e r

t o

t h e

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2 19

—

T h e G r a n d P r io r y o f th e O r d e r o f the H o s p it a l St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d ... T h e In d ia n B r a n c h o f th e S .J . A .A . , 1 9 0 8 -19 1 5 G e n e r a l L e tt e r o f th e J o in t V . A . D . C o m m itte e the C o u n t y D ir e c t o rs ... ... V . A . D . N e w s ... . .. ... ... B u d ru m , a C a s tle o f th e K n ig h t s o f St. J o h n Im p r o v is a t io n a n d A d a p t a t io n ... ... N o te s a n d N e w s ... ... ...

217

—

of ... ... to ... . .. ... ... ...

2 20 220 221 222 224 225 226 227 228

—

230

“ N u r s in g S is t e r ”

Brevities. M r . M a c p h e r s o n , in a written reply to Sir W. Collins, says :—The formation of field ambulances for home service on a volunteer basis has been approved, and offers of service have been invited from certain counties. If the result proves satisfactory the scheme will, I hope, be extended. The appointment of medical officers is pro ceeding, but it is not free from difficulty owing to the demand for medical officers for service overseas and for full time service in this country, which has necessitated the imposing of certain restrictions as to age upon candidates for volunteer appointments.

* * *

I n 1910 Leopold Casella & Co., of Frankfort-on-Main, took out a patent for a new derivative of coal-tar to be used in dyeing. The substance, “ flavine,” has been super seded as a dye, but quite lately British science has dis covered that it has wonderful properties as an antiseptic for dressing wounds, and has advantages over the powerful antiseptics now in use. Shrapnel wounds have been treated “ with invariably successful results,” and fifteen hundred trials have demonstrated that one part of “flavine ” in a thousand parts of water forms a marvellously efficient dressing for use in war surgery. Licences are to be issued from the Patent Office for British firms to manufacture “ flavine,” but it is quite likely that it will be sold under another name than that given to it by its German inventors. V W e hear that a first-aid film is being prepared. This should prove a valuable channel of education of first aid work, and it is earnestly hoped it will be the means of proving the value of a knowledge of it.

AID.—

227

T h e “ Safety” movement on the Great Western Railway was started in 1913, and since that date according to the G re a t Western M agazine, the accidents to employees have decreased from 3,371 in 1913 to 2,418 in 1916—a decrease of 28 per cent. The average annual increase for the four years before the movement began was 11 per cent *** T h e ambulance workers at Folkestone on the occasion of the terrible air raid did wonderful rescue work. We hope to publish a full account in our next issue.

V N o t for the first time the London County Counci 1 Ambulance Service has been lately criticised for alleged negligence. The first cause in the recent complaint con cerned the refusal of those in charge of an ambulance to remove from King’s College Hospital (to which they had brought another case) a woman seriously injured in an accident, for whom there was no available room. On being requested to take her to Newington Infirmary those in charge of the ambulance declared that the regulations forbade them to do so. Mr. W. H. Ecroyd, at a recent Council meeting, referred to the case of Mr. H. J. Glanville, M.P., who, he declared, had to wait for an hour in the roadway, when suffering from a fractured thigh, before the ambulance arrived. Mr. Dave excused the ambulance on the ground that delays were sometimes inevitable owing to the ambulances being out when called for, or to temporary hitches with the telephone, but Mr. Ecroyd affirmed that he could quote several instances which would prove the necessity for an immediate over hauling of the Service. Meantime Mr. Dove has issued fresh instructions which he hopes will prevent further complaints, *** S i r W i l l i a m O s l e r , speaking at the Medical Society recently, said that the past three years had witnessed slaughter of man by man on a scale unseen before except perhaps in the lively narrative of the Book of Chronicles. But disease was more fatal than war. More people died of plague in India in two years than had yet been killed on both sides in this great war. While nine soldiers died defending our country, twelve babies died at home. V As an outcome of the suggestion, made by Lieut.-Col. Sir J. K. Fowler, to have Army Medical Units connected wholly w’th a particular Hospital, the Middlesex Hospital is forming a^unit of which all the Medical Officers will be Middlesex men, the matron, sisters, and nurses will be from that training school, and the V.A.D. members will all come from families connected with the Hospital. The unit will be raised for general service, and will be sent to any of the various theatres of war at which it may be required. Communications connected with the nursing personn el of this unit should be addressed to the Matron of the Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer-street, London, W.

— F I R S T

228

II.

Use

and

Abuse

of Stimulants.

B y N. CORBET FLETCHER, M .B .. B .A ., B .C ., C a n t a b ., M . R . S .C ., E n g . Hon. Surgeon Ham pstead D iv isio n S ./.A .B . A u th o r oj “ A id s to F ir s t - A id ,” “ A id s to Home N u rsin g ," &=c. ( Concluded from page 2 12.) (3 )

ear t

tim u la n t s

At the outset we must clearly define the requirements of a Heart stimulant. This, then, is an agent which will more o r less ra p id ly increase both the force of the heart and the frequency of the pulse. Next, we must recognise (1) that, as with Brain Stimulants, increased activity of the heart may result from the use of direct and indirect agents ; and (2) that any agent which stimulates the Brain must reflexly exert a like effect on the Heart. ( A ) D ire c t Agents.

It is noteworthy that our most reliable stimulants are Ammonia and its preparations and Alcohol in all its forms ; and that they are both capable of direct and indirect action. Thus, A m m o n i a when inhaled causes irritation of nose and air passages, followed by sneezing and watering of eyes and nose, and results in reflex quickening of pulse and respiration. Again, when swallowed, solutions of Ammonia produce dilatation of the stomach vessels and reflex stimulation of heart and respiration. Lastly, when absorbed into blood Ammonia brings about a rise of blood pressure with increased frequency of the pulse, due partly to its action on the Heart and partly to its effect on the Respiratory Centre. F o r th e se re a s o n s a n d m o re e s p e c ia lly o w in g to its g e n e r a l s tim u la t io n o f H e a r t a n d R e s p ir a t io n , S a l V o la t ile , (w h ic h p re s e n ts a c o m b in a tio n o f A m m o n ia , A lc o h o l a n d so m e e s s e n t ia l o ils ) is indicated in c a s e s o f S y n c o p e , b e c a u s e th is c o n d it io n is firs t a n d la s t th e r e s u lt o f a d is t u r b a n c e o f th e h e a rt. F in a lly , w e m u s t n o t fo rg e t th a t S t r o n g A m m o n ia is a p o w e rfu l c o r r o s iv e p o is o n , w h ic h m a y p ro d u c e its e ffects e it h e r b y in h a la t io n (s w e llin g o f t h ro a t) o r a fte r b e in g s w a llo w e d . (C o lla p s e .)

Again, A l c o h o l when inhaled may cause a reflex sensation of nausea with consequent quickening of the pulse. If concentrated, it produces in the mouth a feeling of warmth and of burning so that by reflex action the flow of saliva is increased, and the pulse quickened. Further, a single moderate dose when sw allow ed gives rise to a similar sensation of warmth in the stomach, followed im mediately by increase in force and frequency of the heart and also by dilatation of the blood vessels (especially of the surface) whereby a feeling of warmth and well-being is created— effects which are absent with dilute Alcohol, e.g. beer. Again, wheii absorbed into blood, Alcohol con tinues its reflex stimulation from mouth and stomach and acts directly on the Heart, which beats more strongly and rapidly, and also on the Circulatory Centre which brings about dilatation of all the vessels. In consequence the blood pressure rises and the pulse quickens. These direct effects appear more slowly, last longer and are more or less quickly succeeded by symptoms of intoxication and exhaustion. F in a lly , a s w e h a v e see n . A lc o h o l is a m o st p o te n t p o is o n , la r g e d o se s o f w h ic h w ill p a r a ly s e th e h e a rt both r e fle x ly fro m th e s to m a c h a n d a fte r a b s o rp tio n , a n d in p ro c e s s o f tim e w ill c a u s e e x t e n s iv e d e g e n e ra tio n o f the a rte rie s .

June, 1917.

AID. —

Again, T e a and C o f f e e are useful for this purpose because they exert a stimulant action not only on the Brain but also on the muscle of the Heart which con sequently beats more strongly, 'lea, owing to another poisonous constituent (Tannin) may produce indigtstion, whilst Coffee by virtue of some unknown ingredient may be slightly laxative. Lastly, E t h e r is one of the best Heart stimulants. It acts like Ammonia in exciting the heart reflexly through the nerves of smell, and like Alcohol when taken into mouth and stomach. Again, after absorption it continues its direct effects on the heart, increasing the force and frequency of the pulse. Lastly, in large doses it may cause paralysis of Brain and Heart. ( B .) In d ire c t Agents.

Indirect stimulation of the Heart may be brought about in two ways, viz., by excitation of Brain or of Circulation. It, therefore, follows that for the Heart, as for the Brain, reflex action may take place along the same paths, i.e. through the Special Senses by E x t e r n a l Stim ulation. Since, however, all Brain Stimulants (direct and indirect) must—through their effects on the Circulatory Centre— also be reflex stimulants of the Heart, and since the needs of the Circulation may require some variation in External Stimulation, it will be convenient to classify the indirect agents, which act on the Heart, as Brain and Circulatory Stimulants. With regard to B r a i n S t i m u l a n t s we have already enumerated the varieties of direct and indirect agents, and we may note (1) that Ammonia, Alcohol and Ether com bine both effects ; and (2) that the first and last named, being more readily diffusible and less prone to cause depression, are usually more rapid in action and for these reasons more suitable as Heart Stimulants. With regard to C i r c u l a t o r y S t i m u l a n t s the administration of F l u i d s will, when absorbed from the stomach, affect the circulation and so indirectly stimulate the heart. Thus, cold water (slow ly sipped) will produce a mild reflex effect: hot water will be more effective because heat is added: hot tea and coffee will be still more efficacious by reason of their combination of stimulants. Again, in F r i c t i o n or massage of the limbs towards the heart we possess a useful stimulant which acts p a rtly by creating sensations of heat and p a rtly by facilitating mechanically the return of the venous blood— whereby the activity of the circulation (handicapped, as it is, by a feebly acting heart) may be powerfully stimulated. Lastly, for indirect stimulation of the Heart we are able to make still further use of heat by means of F o m e n t a t i o n s , Poultices, Counter irritants, &c. These produce local warmth and redness from increased flow of blood in the superficial vessels and so by reflex action both lighten and assist the work of the Heart. I t is n o te w o rth y th a t th e e ffic ie n c y o f E x t e r n a l A p p lic a t io n s a s s tim u la n t s , e it h e r o f H e a r t o r B r a in , d e p e n d s p a r t ly o n t h e ir v ig o u r and rapidity o f a c tio n a n d p a r t ly on t h e ir site o f application , w h ic h m u st b e a s n e a r th e o r g a n c o n c e rn e d a s p o s s ib le — i.e ., d ir e c t ly o v e r the h e a rt o r in th e n a p e o f th e n e c k .

III. DANGERS OF STIM ULANTS. From what has been written it is evident that Stimula tion, especially when indiscreetly and incorrectly applied, is pregnant with possible dangers of which a brief summary may be useful. Thus, L o c a l S t i m u l a n t s may give rise to B u rn s and Scalds, with all their disadvantages and dangers— both

— F I R S T

June, 1917.

immediate, e.g., Shock and Sepsis; and remote, e.g., Scarring and Deformity. Again, B r a i n a n d H e a r t S t i m u l a n t s vary consider ably in their potential effects according to their mode of administration, indirect stimulation being less dangerous than direct. B r a in S t i m u l a n t s cause increased activity of the Brain, associated with rise of pressure inside the skull. Therefore, they may hasten the onset of Com pression with Head Injuries. Further, through stimulation of the Circu latory Centre they may both excite the heart and reflexly favour the onset or recurrence of Hcem orrliage from a wound, and also precipitate or aggravate Shock from any cause through the dilatation of the superficial vessels and consequent additional loss of body-heat. H eart S t i m u l a n t s by increasing the force and frequency of the heart may bring about similar dangers of Haemorrhage, especially in those cases where there is injury to vessels within closed cavities, i.e., skull, chest, abdomen. For the same reason they may actually encourage, instead of hinder, the occu: rence of Shock and Collapse. K n o w le d g e o f the D a n g e r s d e m o n s tra te s b o th n e e d o f C a r e in C h o ic e a n d A d m in is t r a t io n o f S t im u la n ts a n d a ls o P o s s ib ilit ie s o f P re c a u tio n s . T h u s , A lc o h o l is a p o w e rfu l

('Continued on page 230 .)

229

AID. —

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230

— F I R S T ( Continued from page 22Q.)

remedy—slow but prolonged in its action—the ill-effects of which may be considerably reduced (1) if the patient is kept recumbent ; (2) if evaporation of heat is prevented by external coverings, e.g., blankets, etc. ; (3) if food is given with the stimulant ; and (4) if a single moderate dose is administered and not repeated. Again, ammonia is an equally powerful remedy—rapid, though less prolonged in its action—the ill-effects of which demand the same pre cautions except that, since it lacks the marked depressant effects of Alcohol, the dose may safely be repeated after a time. IV. IN D IC A TIO N S FOR STIM ULANTS. Keeping always before us the Dangers, Contra-indica tions and Precautions which were epitomised in the last section, we now seek and recognise three positive Indica tions for simulation—another example of that curious combination of “ 3 ” which recurs again and again in First Aid. (1 )

F a ilu r e of O rd in a ry Methods o f Treatment.

Modern medical science bears out in a remarkable way the teaching of Hippocrates who in 490 b c , empha sised what he wisely termed “ the healing power of nature ” and “ the error of over-stimulation.” For these same reasons First-Aid is pre-eminently preventive, since it both aims at preventing aggravation of injury or condition and also favours Supportive rather than Stimulant treatment (see Efficiency in F i r s t A id , p. 94). In all cases, therefore, our efforts are directed primarily to the rem oval o f Cause and secondarily to the treatment o f Effects , including therein position of patient and part, comfort of patient and part, fresh air, external warmth, etc , etc. In most emergencies systematic action of this kind brings about a gratifying improvement in the patient’s contion as is proven by our S tan d ard Guides, i.e., colour of face, degree of consciousness, strength and regularity of pulse and breathing. This may be immediate and com plete; again, it may be r a p id ; again, to our impatient solicitude it may be or seem to be slow : but p ro v id e d it is progressive then there is cause not for anxiety but for watchful care lest a relapse takes place. If, however, there is well-marked and definite delay in the improvement of our patient’s condition, or if our Standard Guides demonstrate a complete lack of response to these ordinary Methods of Treatment, then and then only does the advisability of stimulation require consideration, m ore ance.

esp e cia lly T h is

th e

prolonged

requ irem en t

absence

an ticipated

of the

expert

(j)

June, 1917

Developm ent o f Special Signs a nd Symptoms.

The third and last Indication is the development of Special Signs and Symptoms which must be considered in their relation to Local and General Stimulants. (A) L o c a l S t i m u l a n t s . With Sprains, Bruises and other injuries associated with haemorrhage, p a in , sw elling and discolouration are the leading symptoms, and the external application of cold is indicated in an emergency because we hope thereby to limit any further extravasation of blood. When, however, under similar circumstances p a in , sw elling, heat and redness (the classical signs of Inflammation) are present, or when p a in , perversion o f function, etc., suggest injury to or in flammation of an internal organ, then we have definite s)mptoms which call for external stimulation with heat or counter-irritation. (B) B r a i n a n d H e a r t S t i m u l a n t s With the failure of Supportive Treatment, as shown by our Standard Guides—viz., pallor of face, feeble pulse, shallow breathing, more or less complete unconsciousness (the typical signs of profound Shock)— then indirect stimu lation is, as we have seen, indicated and justifiable. If this fails after due t r ia l and if no doctor is obtain able, then resort to direct stimulation may be necessary. Theoretically, we ought to choose between Brain and Heart stimulants; but since any disturbance of the Heart is quickly fo llo w ed by depression of the Brain and vice versa, it is often impossible at the outset to distinguish between the two conditions, although suggestive hints may be pro vided by consideration of the Cause and by alteration noted in the Pulse. Further, since Ammonia will serve both purposes, and since it is rapid in action, non-depressant in effect, and peculiarly suitable for Syncope— then it may be tried with advantage. If, however, in spite of a ll these measures there is still no improvement in the Standard Guides, and more par ticularly if it is still impossible to feel the pulse at the wrist, then we may feel justified fexcluding always cases of Haemorrhage and Head Injuries, and with all the precau tions advised) in administering a single dose of a table spoonful of Brandy, diluted with two parts of water, and sipped slowly by the patient. In short, as our Golden Rule teaches us, S t i m u l a n t s r e q u i r e S p e c i a l S i g n s . F

in is

assist

£etters to the Sditor.

Text-books,

which under such circumstances recommend indirect stimulation because it is more rapid, more transient, and less depressant than direct. (2 )

AID. —

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, ot the statements made, by Correspondents.— E D I T O R , E t c .

In a b ility to Obtain M e d ica l Assistance.

We have seen that the Science of First-Aid recognises its limitations and is only practised when medical assistance is unobtainable. As a fact, it goes further and takes steps to procure such help on all occasions and at the first opportunity. For this reason, in serious emergencies when problem s o f transport and stim ulation are likely to arise, it is well to dispatch a messenger as soon as we appreciate the true significance of the injuries or condition present, and before we commence to deal with them— with instructions to arrange for means of transport and for the summoning of a doctor. By so doing, we avoid any undue waste of time and know the sooner whether or not medical assistance is available. Until, however, we are certain of this, any question of direct stimulation should be postponed,

“ N U R S IN G

S IS T E R .”

, — R e f e r r in g to y o u r tw o p a r a g r a p h s in “ B r e v it ie s ,” M a y is s u e o f F i r s t A i d , a b o u t th e te rm “ N u r s in g D

ear

S is t e r ” a p p lie d to m e m b e rs o f St. J o h n N u r s in g D iv is io n , I h a v e co m e a c r o s s th e s a m e o b je c tio n h e re . S o m e tim e ago, d u r in g a n in t e rv ie w w ith a m a tro n o f a m ilit a ry h o s p ita l r e g a r d in g s u p p ly in g v o lu n t a r y h e lp , I re fe rre d to m e m b e rs o f N u r s in g D iv is io n s a s “ N u r s in g S is t e rs .” A t firs t th e m a tro n d id n o t u n d e r s t a n d o f w h o m I w a s s p e a k in g , b u t w h e n I e x p la in e d , sh e re m a rk e d th a t th e term w a s w ro n g . “ N u r s e ” and “ S i s t e r ” m e a n th o se w h o a re tra in e d , a n d “ N u r s in g S is te r ” w a s a m is n o m e r. I q u ite a g re e , a n d t h in k th e te rm “ A m b u la n c e S is t e r ,” o r “ St. J o h n S is t e r,” is m o re c o rre c t.— Y o u r s , & c., Joh

D is t r ic t S e c re ta ry . ; , P e rc y -s t re e t, H a n le y , S t o k e -o n -T re n t . J u n e 2 n d , 1917.

—FIRST

9 *7-

231

AID. —

TH E

“ F IR S T

A ID ”

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INDEX. I

A A m b u la n c e a n d F ir s t A id in F a c t o r ie s a n d W o r k s h o p s , 20 „ W o r k o n G . W . R . , 155 A lt e r a t io n in R e v is e d T e x t b o o k , b y N . C o rb e t F le t c h e r , M .B ., etc.

B B r e v i t i e s , i i , 2 7, 4 1 ,

L L

e tter s

th e

d it o r

:—

A n A p p r e c ia t io n , 187 C o m p lic a t e d A c c id e n t , 173 E m e r g e n c y S t re t c h e r, 1 7 3 L is t o f A m b u la n c e S t a t io n s , 107 U n u s u a l O p p o rt u n it y o f R e n d e r in g F ir s t A id ,

57, 74, 9° , i ° 5> >22, 139, 15 3 ,1 6 9 , 184 C

C lin i c a l a n d O r d in a r y T h e r m o m e t e r ( F a h r . ) N o t e s , b y S. L lo y d H a r v e y , 171

L if e o n B o a r d a n A m b u la n c e T r a in , L e ic e s t e r V . A . D . C o m p e t it io n s , 186

ist r ic t

•

N e w B a n d a g e F a s t e n e r, A ,

N o . 1 — 2, 18, 34 , 50, 66, 82, 98, 114, 1 3 0 1 4 6 ,1 6 2 , 17 8 „ 2 — 34, 178 „ 3 — 1 1 4 ,1 3 0 ,1 4 6 ,1 6 2 ,1 7 8 „ 4 — 3, 18, 34, 82, 1 3 1 , 178 „ 5— 1 8 , 3 4 , 5 0 , 6 6 , 8 3 , 9 8 , 1 3 1 , 1 6 3 „ 6 - 3 ,1 9 ,6 6 ,1 3 1 „ 7— '9 „ 2 - 3, 19 „ 9— 146, 179 „ 1 1 - 1 9 ,5 1 ,8 3 ,9 8 ,1 3 1 ,1 4 6 ,1 6 3 „ 12 (Irish)—34 , 8 3 ,9 8 , 1 1 5 , 1 3 1 , 163, 179

d it o r ia l

rd ers

P P o lic e a n d F ir s t A id C o m p e t it io n , P

r a c t ic a l

o in ts

:—

A i r R a id s a n d S tre e t A c c id e n t s , 17 A m b u la n c e In s t r u c t io n fo r S c h o la r s , 65 F ir s t A id o n th e H o m e F r o n t , 11 3 „ „ In s t r u c t io n b y C in e m a t o g ra p h , 9 7 In s u r a n c e a n d F ir s t A id , 1 M a n P o w e r a n d A m b u la n c e M e n , 161 N e c e s s it y o f F ir s t A id , T h e , 3 3 , 81 P r in c ip le s a n d P r a c t ic e s o f A m b u la n c e W o r k , 129 P r o g r e s s , 49 P ro te st a n d a n A p p e a l to G e r m a n y , 1 7 7 T o O u r R e a d e r s , 145 E m e r g e n c y S t re t c h e r, A n , b y F . C . B o tto m le y , 107 E x t r a c t s fro m a L e t t e r fro m a F e llo w V . A . D . , 174

F F ir s t A id C a b in e t s , 132 „ „ in B o m b a r d e d P a r is , 158 F if t y D o n ’t fo r F ir s t A id S tu d e n ts , b y S e rg t. J . J a c k s o n , 42 F le t c h e r , D r . N . C o rb e t, 75

G G e t t in g B e tt e r, 188

:—

A g g r a v a t io n o f I n j u r y D u r in g T r a n s p o r t , 75 A p p lic a t io n o f P r in c ip le s o f F ir s t A id , 75 A n o t h e r C o m p lic a t e d A c c id e n t , 142 C o m p e t it io n H o w le r , 124 C o m p lic a t e d A c c id e n t , 123 C u lp a b le a n d M e d d le s o m e F ir s t A id , 148 D a n g e r s o f F ir s t A id , 188 D is c r im in a t io n in F ir s t A id , 60 E f fic ie n t F ir s t A id , n o F ir s t A id e r A c c e p t s R e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r Im m e d ia t e T r e a t m e n t, 60 F ir s t A id W it h o u t D is c r im in a t io n , 142 „ „ „ K n o w le d g e , 142 Im p r o p e r U s e o f T o u r n iq u e t , 75 M a s k in g o f S ig n s o f E p ile p s y , 172 M a la d m in is t r a t io n o f S a l V o la t ile , 188 M e d d le s o m e F ir s t A id , 83, n o M u lt ip le E m e r g e n c ie s , 148 N a t u r a l R e m e d ie s , 172 P re v e n ta tiv e F ir s t A id , 83 P s e u d o - In t e r n a l H a e m o rrh a g e , 148 R e s o u rc e f u ln e s s in H y s t e r ia , 60 R e s o u rc e f u l F ir s t A id , 83. 188 U n u s u a l O p p o rt u n it y o f R e n d e r in g F ir s t A id , 75

E E

171

D D is c r im in o t io n , b y R ic h a r d M o r e la n d J u n r ., 154, 1 7 0

by Campbell

Im p r o v is e d A m b u la n c e W a g o n F r a m e w o r k , A n , H ig h n e t , M .D ., 42

Q Q

u e r ie s

a n d

nsw ers

orrespo n d en ts

A b d o m in a l W o u n d s , T r e a t m e n t of, 78 A p p lic a t io n o f B a n d a g e s in P o tts ’ F r a c t u r e , ,, R o lle r B a n d a g e , 142 A p o p le x y , T re a tm e n t of, 157 A r m p it P a d s in F r a c t u r e o f C la v ic le s , 29 A r t if ic ia l R e s p ir a t io n in C o lla p s e , 14

in.

I N D E X . A s p h y x ia a n d F r a c t u r e o f R ib s , 94 „ U n u s u a l C a u s e o f 76 B a n d a g e s fo r F r a c t u r e d F e m u r , 76, 108, 140, 190 B a y o n e t a n d B u lle t W o u n d s , 156 B le e d in g at B a c k o f N e c k , 126 „ fro m R a d ia l a n d U ln a r A r t e r ie s , 126 B lu e B a g fo r S t in g s , 126 B o d y A r c h e d in S t r y c h n in e P o is o n in g , 14 B r o k e n H u m e ru s , B r e a t h in g S u s p e n d e d , 29 „ N o s e , T r e a tm e n t of, 124 B u rn s a n d S c a ld s , 60 „ N e u t r a lis a t io n of, 190 „ o f C o r r o s iv e P o is o n , 157 „ S u b s e q u e n t T r e a t m e n t of, 140 C a r b o lic A c id P o is o n in g , 126 C o m m in u t e d F r a c t u r e o f J a w , 94 C o m p le te A m p u t a t io n o f L im b , 156 C o m p lic a t e d E x a m in a t io n T e s t , 157 C o m p o u n d F r a c t u r e , T r e a tm e n t of, n o u ,j w ith H t e m o rrh a g e , 1 5 7 C o r r e c t S u r fa c e o f B o r ic L in t , 61 C o r r o s iv e A c id P o is o n in g , 190 D a n g e r o f W o u n d s , 108 D is in f e c t io n , R u le s of, 190 D is lo c a t io n o f A n k le , 108 D o c t o r ’s F e e s , L ia b ilit y for, 157 D r e s s in g s fo r B u r n s , 108 D r e s s o n F ir e , 1 10

S a l V o la t ile , U s e of, 140 S c h a e f e r ’s A r t if ic ia l R e s p ir a t io n , 44 S ig n s a n d S y m p to m s o f P e rs o n S t r u c k b y L ig h t n in g , 29 S n a k e B ite , T r e a t m e n t of, 14 T e a a n d C o ffe e a s S t im u la n t s , 29 T h r e e - H a n d e d S e a t in F r a c t u r e o f B o th B o n e s o f th e L e g , 29 T o b a c c o S m o k e in In s e n s ib ilit y , 140 T r a n s p o r t o f F r a c t u r e C a s e s , 174 T r ia n g u l a r B a n d a g e , 78 „ „ In v e n t o r of, 189 T r in o l, U s e s of, 190 T u r p e n t in e , U s e in T r e a t m e n t o f W o u n d s , 14 V a g a r ie s o f T e x t b o o k , 1 7 4 W h a t is H ie m o r r h a g e , 28 W h is k y a s a n A n t is e p t ic , 30 W o u n d o f F e m o r a l A r t e r y , 44

R R a ilw a y A m b u la n c e , 12, 51, 123 „ „ F ilm , T h e , 99 R e a l F ir s t A id , 61 R e p o r t o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e , T h e 45 R

:—

C h em istry fo r B e g in n e r s, b y C . T . K in g z e t t , F . I . C . ,

etc.,

E le c t r ic S h o c k a n d F r a c t u r e o f F e m u r a n d R ib s , 94 » i, m T r a m w a y A c c id e n t , 44 >, „ T r e a tm e n t of, 61 E r r o r s in T e x t b o o k , 157 E x t e n s io n in R a d iu s o f F r a c t u r e a n d U ln a , 14 E x t e r n a l U s e o f M u s t a r d , 142 F a t a l I n j u r y to F e m o r a l V e in , 124 F in g e r s C ru s h e d in D o o r , 60 F ir s t A id L ib r a r y , 189 „ „ M e a n in g of T e r m , 76 F o o t B lo w o ff b y B o m b , T r e a t m e n t of, 29 F r a c t u r e o f C la v ic le a n d H u m e r u s S a m e S id e , 30 » » „ S im p le , 61 „ F e m u r a n d R ib s , 76 „ F lo a t in g R ib s , 126 „ H u m e ru s , 92 » „ a n d F o r e a rm , 1 74 „ In v o lv in g E lb o w J o in t , 174 „ R a d iu s n e a r E lb o w , 29 . „ R ib s a n d T ib ia , S im p le , 78 „ W it h o u t L o s s o f P o w e r, 174 F r a c t u r e d C o lla r b o n e , F o r e a r m a n d C o m p lic a t e d F r a c t u r e o f R ib s , 61 F r a c t u r e s o f C la v ic le a n d S c a p u la , 174 G a s B o m b s , P r e c a u tio n A g a in s t , 92 i) „ P r o t e c t io n A g a in s t , 92 H a e m o rrh a g e o f S to m a c h , 189 Im p r o v is e d T r e a tm e n t , 174 In f a n t ile C o n v u ls io n s , 28 In f e c t io n o f W o u n d w ith G e r m o f T e t a n u s , 7 6 In h a lin g P r u s s ic A c id G a s , T re a tm e n t of, 28 In ju r ie s to In t e r n a l O r g a n , 124 In j u r y to F in g e r , 1 57 In s e n s ib ilit y , T r e a t m e n t of, 126 Io d in e o n B o r ic L in t , 14 „ U s e s of, 94 Io d o fo r m , D e s c r ip t io n of, 108 L o o s e C a r t ila g e o f K n e e J o in t , T re a t m e n t of, 44 M e d d le s o m e F ir s t A id , 114 N a r r o w B a n d a g e fo r B le e d in g o f H e a d , 44 N ic o t in e P o is o n in g , 108 N o m in a t io n o f O ffic e rs o f th e B r ig a d e , 44 P a in t in E y e , 140 P a lm a r A r c h e s , I n j u r y to, 140 P o is o n o u s S n a k e B ite , 140 P o s it io n o f K n o t in B a n d a g e o f F r a c t u r e d ja w , 44 P r u s s ic A c id P o is o n in g , F ir s t A id fo r, 14 i) i) „ 108, 126 P u n c t u r e d W o u n d , T r e a t m e n t of, n o

e v i e w s

F i r s t A i d to the I n ju r e d , 164 G en era l S e rv ic e H in t s to V .A .D . M em b ers, b y M r s . T h o r n t o n C o o k , 44 H in t s to H o s p ita l O rd erlies, b y N . C o rb e t F le t c h e r , M . B . , e tc., 12 M in d a t W o rk , b y G e o ffre y R h o d e s , 12 P o ck e t A n a to m ic a l A t la s , b y a L o n d o n M .D . , 12 S i x L e ctu r e s to S t. J o h n V . A . D M em b e rs, b y T h e k l a B o w s e r, F . J . I . , 155 S to r y o f B r itis h V .A .D . W o rk in the G rea t W a r, b y T h e k la B o w s e r, F . J . I . , 78 W h y a n d W herefore in F i r s t A i d , b y N . C o r b e t F le t c h e r , 164

S St. J o h n A m b u la n c e A s s o c ia t io n , 179 S

. J

o h n

m b u l a n c e

a z e t t e

:—

A n n u a l S e r v ic e o f th e O r d e r , T h e , 9 B e n e fits I D e r iv e d fro m L e c t u r e s g iv e n b y S e rg t. H a n m e r 1 3 7 , 1 5 °,. 165

B r ig a d e S e r v ic e O v e rs e a s , 86 C a n a d ia n N e w s , 8 C a p t u r e o f J e r u s a le m , 10 0 C h a p e l o f th e St. J o h n B r ig a d e H o s p it a l at E t a p le s , 151 C o lle g e o f A m b u la n c e , 168 D e c o r a t io n fo r N u r s e s W o r k in g in St. J o h n H o s p it a ls , 85 D u t ie s o f a C o m m a n d a n t , M e d ic a l O ffic e r, M a t r o n o r L a d y S u p e r in t e n d e n t a n d Q u a rt e r m a s t e r in H o s p it a l 167 F ir s t A id in th e F ie ld , b y C o l. R J . B la c k h a m , 1 1 7 G e n e r a l L e tt e r o f th e J o in t V . A . D . C o m m itte e to th e C o u n t y D ir e c t o r s , 7 , 21, 38, 52, 6 7, 118, 151, 166, 180 G ra n d P r io r y o f th e O r d e r ot the H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d , 7, 24, 3 7 , 8 7 , 102, 119, 136 , 152, 168, 183 G e n e s is o f th e In d ia n B r a n c h o f th e S .J .A .A ., b y L t .- C o l. A . C . Y a te , F . R . G . S . , 84, 100, 119, 134, 149 H . R . H . T h e D u k e o f C o n n a u g h t a t N e w to n A b b o tt, 69 H o w to F o r m F ir s t A id C la s s e s , 24 » » a D iv is io n o f the St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e , 55 In d ia n B r a n c h o f th e S . J .A . A ., 1 9 0 8 -1 9 1 5 , b y C o l. R . J. B la c k h a m , C . I . E . , 4 L a n c a s h ir e C o n s t a b u la r y . 24 L a d y P e rr o t t ’s V is i t to N o . 4 D is t r ic t , 84 M e m b e r s w h o se N a m e s w e re M e n t io n e d in D e s p a t c h e s b y S ir D o u g la s H a ig , 182

I N D E X . N o t e s a n d N e w s , to , 26, 39 , 56, 7 4 , 89, 102, 120, 1 3 7 , 152,

183 O r d e r o f S t. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g l a n d a n d the J o h a n n it e r O rd e n , 180 O u r W o r k fo r the S ic k a n d W o u n d e d , 36 , 5 2 ,6 7 P e rr o t t, L a d y , 21 P o tte r, T h e la te M r . H . P ., 55 P r e s e n t S ta te o f P r e p a r a t io n fo r R e lie f S e r v ic e o f th e R e d C r o s s S o c ie t y o f J a p a n , b y C o l. R . J . B la c k h a m , C . I . E . , 135 P r io r it y fo r W a le s o f th e O r d e r o f th e H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m In E n g la n d , 133 R e c o g n it io n o f N u r s e s S e r v ic e s , 7 3 R e d C ro s s W o r k in F r a n c e , 182 S t. J o h n A u x i li a r y H o s p it a l, R o c h d a le , 8 S e r v ic e s o f T h a n k s g iv in g fo r th e C a p t u r e o f J e r u s a le m fro m th e H a n d s o f the T u r k s , 116 T u n k s , M r . C . J ., 85

T y p ic a l B r ig a d e W o r k , 88 V . A . D . N e w s , 6, 22, 38 , 54, 7 1 , 181 W o m e n s V . A . D . N o te s , 182

T T h e T r e a t m e n t o f S p e c ia l W o u n d s a n d C u s h in g , 14 7

B ite s , b y C h a t le s P .

U U s e a n d A b u s e o f D is in f e c t a n t s , b y N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r , M .B ., e tc., 58, 9 1 , 106

W W o r k W o r t h D o in g , 158 W h e n the R a id e r s co m e , b y P te . A . de L . Jo n e s , 187

Illustrations. M e m b e r s o f th e S t a ff St. Jo h n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S h r e w s b u ry ,

3 S t. J o h n A u x ilia r y M ilit a r y H o s p it a l, R o c h d a le , 9 P o r tr a its â&#x20AC;&#x201D; H . H a r p e r , 12 F . W it h e r s , 12 G . T . T r e e b y , 12 L a d y P e rro t t, 21 D r . W . C h e s h o lm M c D o w e ll, 59, H . R . H . th e D u k e o f C o n n a u g h t N e w to n A b b o t, 69 D r . N . C o r b e t F le t c h e r , 75 ,

and

H o s p it a l S ta ff at

C , J . T u n k s , 85 T h e la te M r s . M id d le t o n C u r t is , 115 D is t r ic t S u p t. W . G . S m ith , 163 M o to r C y c le A m b u la n c e o f th e N o t tin g h a m C o r p s , 20 G re y m o u t h N u r s in g D iv is io n , N . L . , 25 T r o lle y fo r th e C o n v e y a n c e o f P a t ie n t s in L a r g e H o s p it a ls , 35 G r o u p o f C o m p e t it o rs fo r the D o u g la s S h ie ld , N . S . W . , 39 Im p r o v is e d A m b u la n c e W a g o n , 4 3 A i r R a i d R e s c u e P a r t ie s o f the S o u th M e tr o p o lita n G a s C o ., 91 A C o r n e r o f th e W a r S u p p ly D e p o t at B e lfa s t, 103 B r a d fo r d C it y D iv is io n , S .J .A .B . , 147 â&#x20AC;&#x17E; â&#x20AC;&#x17E; N u r s in g D iv is io n , 147 C h a p e l o f St. J o h n B r ig a d e H o s p it a l, E t a p le s , 1 57

F I R S T AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

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AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

E dited b y ARTH UR B. D A LE. No. 277.—

V o l.

XXIV

NOTICE

JULY, 1917R E A D E R S.

F I R S T A I D is published on the aoth of each month. A n n u a l Subscription is 2 S . 6 d . post free ; single copies 2 d .

T he

Its aim and object being the advancem ent of Am bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticle s and R eports on subjects pertaining to the M ovem ent ar.d also welcomes suggestions for P ractica l Papers. A ll Reports, & c., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom panied (not necessarily fo r publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business C om m unications connected with F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the P ublishers, DALE,

R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d . , 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E .C . 4. Telegraphic Address: “ Twenty-four, London.” Telephone No. 54TI Bank.

E D IT O R IA L . I n our editorial of last month “ First Aid a form of Insurance” we tndeavoured to shew that the possession of ambulance knowledge by the in dustrial worker was an excellent form of insurance not only on behalf of the man himself, but also of his employer for, whilst the former benefitted directly and personally in the event of personal injury arising in the course of his employment, the latter gained not only on account of the reduced period of disability of the worker and his greater output, but also owing to the smaller expenditure in respect of compensation. It is probably well-known that employers generally cover their risks arising out of accidents to workmen by insurance and in industrial centres quite a considerable business is transacted in employers’ liability policies under which the insurance companies relieve the employers of their liabilities in respect of accidents and other risks to workmen for the payment of fixed premiums. The earliest Fire Brigades were organised by Fire Insurance Companies. This was, of course, at that time sound business although the high state of organisation of the Fire Services of our cities and large towns no loDger makes it necessary for the Insurance Companies to maintain their own services for dealing with conflagrations. It is evident that the risks incurred by the Insurance

In su ra n ce and F ir st Aid.

[E n tered a t Sta tio n ers' H a ll.]

[2/0

P R IC E T W O P E N C E P e r A nnum , P o s t F re e

Companies are considerably lessened were efficient Fire Brigades are in existence and it is also equally true that liabilites in respect of injuries to workmen are materially reduced when the employees are trained to administer skilled first aid treatment when accidents involving personal injuries to workers arise. We suggest that the time has arrived when it would be in the direct interest of Insurance Companies who do business in respect of employers’ liabilities to foster the acquisition of ambulance knowledge by industrial workers and this can perhaps best be achieved by granting reduced premiums to employers where a reasonable percentage of the workers are qualified to render first aid treatment. The adoption of preferential rates in such cases would we feel confident, be a good thing from a strictly commercial viewpoint for the Insurance Companies who adopted the suggestion. It would certainly be to the distinct advantage of the employers—and, as has been seen, it would be in the best interests of the workers themselves as the possession of'ambulance knowledge not only minimises the amount of human suffering when emergencies arise, but may also—and frequently does—saves lives and limbs. We have before us the prospectus of one our largest Insurance Companies which contains the following clause :— “ An extra premium will be charged upon the lives of publicans and others engaged in the trade of intoxicating liquors.” This means, of course, that the risks are smaller from the Insurance Companies’ point of view where the insured are not engaged in this particular trade. We say, without fear of contradiction, that the risks of the Companies are similarly less in respect of the insurance of workers when a proportion of their number possess the training which will enable efficient first aid treatment to be afforded when accidents arise. The whole question has, of course, a humanitarian as a commercial side, and those who have seen the results of first aid promptly and efficiently administered in connection with the recent raids by hostile aircraft will require no more convincing evidence of the value of ambulance training. The highest forms of good are the preservation of suffering. Humanity is for everyday use.

— F I R S T

? ill * *

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S rand Jrio rg of th« 0 rd er JCospital of S t. John ol Jerusalem in Sngland. AM BULANCE

tThe S t.

No. 1 D istr ic t. D

e p u t y

o m m i s s i o n e r

John

D EPA R TM EN T.

.Ambulance Brigade.

D IST R IC T

O R DERS.

AID.

July, 1917

—

R e s o l v e d T h a t th e s in c e re s t t h a n k s o f the C o u n c il b e te n d e re d to th e lo c a l m e m b e rs o f the St. J o h n A m b u la n c e C o r p s fo r th e p ro m p t m a n n e r in w h ic h th e y d e a lt w ith th e s it u a tio n o n th e o c c a s io n o f th e A i r R a id o n the 13th J u n e , 19 1 7. P e rh a p s y o u w ill be so g o o d a s to c o n v e y t h is e x p r e s s io n o f t h a n k s to th e m e m b e rs o f the C o r p s c o n c e rn e d . Y o u r s fa ith fu lly , (S ig n e d ) J. A . D . M i l n e , T o w n C le r k .

:---------------------------------------

(Signed)

W IN N Y . H e a d q u a r t e r s :— St. AUGUST,

19 1 7.

S u n d a y D u t y , S t. P a u l’s C a t h e d ra l. S u n d a y , 5 th .— N o . 51 D iv is io n , C r o y d o n D iv is io n . „ 12 th .— N o . 56 „ C ric k le w o o d . „ 1 9 th .— N o . 58 „ L o n d o n P o s t O ffice . „ 261L1.- N o . 59 „ C a rs h a lt o n . F r o m 2 .3 0 p .m . to 8 p .m . K e y fro m St. J o h n ’s G a te , 2 p.m . W H IT E

CAP

A IR

Deputy-Commissioner.

John’s G a te , Clerkenwell, E.C.

IM P O R T A N T

N O T IC E .

D iv is io n a l S e c re ta rie s a re re q u e s te d w h e n s e n d in g n e w s p a p e r c u tt in g o f t h e ir m e e tin g s, e tc., to g iv e th e d a te o f p u b li c a tio n o f the n e w s p a p e rs .—

d i t o r

CO VER.

T h e w h ite c a p c o v e r w h ic h is w o rn b y o ffic e rs o f a n d a b o v e the r a n k o f D iv is io n a l S u p e r in te n d e n t , b e tw e e n M a y is t a n d O c to b e r 3 1 s t, s h o u ld o n ly be w o rn o n th e u n d r e s s cap. H O S T IL E

W. H. WINNY,

R A ID S .

T h e in s t r u c t io n s is s u e d to m e m b e rs o f r e g is t e re d A i r R a id P a r t ie s , a s to s te p s to b e ta k e n w h e n A i r R a id s o c c u r at n ig h t , o r w h e n m e m b e rs a re n e a r t h e ir h o m e s, s h o u ld s t ill be fo llo w e d . O ffic e rs in C h a rg e o f D iv is io n s s h o u ld ta k e c a re th a t m e m b e rs o f A i r R a id P a r t ie s w h o a re n o lo n g e r a v a ila b le fo r A i r R a id W o r k , s h o u ld at o n c e re tu rn t h e ir S . J .A .B . A rm le t s . T H I S I S V E R Y I M P O R T A N T , a s A r m le t s a re n ot in te n d e d to be u s e d b y a n y p e rs o n w h o is n o t a m e m b e r o f a B r ig a d e A ir R a id P a r t y d u ly r e g is t e re d b y the P o lic e th ro u g h the D is t r ic t H e a d q u a rte r s . T h e r e is u rg e n t n e e d fo r th e u se o f o n e o r m o re M o to r A m b u la n c e s to a c t a s a “ s ta n d b y ” at H e a d q u a r t e r s w h e n an A i r R a i d is e x p e c te d . I f a n y m e m b e rs o f th e D is t r ic t c a n r e n d e r a n y a s s is t a n c e in o b t a in in g th e lo a n o f s u c h a m o to r, th e y w ill r e n d e r the w h o le D is t r ic t a c o n s id e ra b le s e rv ic e . T h e r e is n e e d a ls o o f D r iv e r s . A n y m e m b e r o f a n A m b u la n c e o r N u r s in g D iv is io n w h o c a n , a n d is w illin g to, d r iv e , w ill p e r h a p s k in d ly c o m m u n ic a te w ith H e a d q u a r t e r s e a rly . M e m b e r s o f th e B r ig a d e , w h e n a n A ir R a id ta k e s p la c e in tb e D a y t im e , a n d t h e y a re p r e s u m a b ly a t a d is t a n c e fro m t h e ir h o m e s, s h o u ld at o n c e re p o rt e it h e r to th e n e a re s t P o lic e S ta tio n , o r o ffer t h e ir s e r v ic e s w h e re th e y k n o w th a t c a s u a lt ie s h a v e o c c u rre d . M e m b e rs n e a r St. J o h n ’s G a t e s h o u ld re p o rt th e re . A r m le t s s h o u ld a lw a y s be c a r r ie d w h e n n o t in u n ifo rm , a n d , a s m e m b e rs h a v e b e e n w a rn e d in p r e v io u s D is t r ic t O rd e rs, so m e e le m e n t a ry firs t a id d re s s in g s , e s p e c ia lly b a n d a g e s a n d co tto n w o o l, w h ic h , o f c o u rs e , m u st b e e n c lo s e d in p a p e r, a n d p r e fe r a b ly c a r r ie d in a lig h t h a v e r s a c to k e e p it c le a n . M e m b e r s r e p o r t in g at S t. J o h n ’s G a te in the d a y tim e s h o u ld at o n c e p ro c e e d to th e D is t r ic t O ffic e a n d s ig n t h e ir n a m e s in a b o o k p ro v id e d f o r t h is p u rp o se . M e m b e r s u n c e r t a in w h e th e r to re p o rt a t St. J o h n ’s G a te o r n o t, c a n a s k fo r in s t ru c t io n s b y te le p h o n e — C E N T R A L 903. O ffic e rs a n d M e m b e rs in C h a rg e o f D iv is io n s s h o u ld r e m in d t h e ir m e m b e rs th a t w h e n e v e r th e y tre a t ca s e s on the o c c a s io n o f a n A i r R a id , a r e p o rt s h o u ld be s e n t in to H e a d q u a r t e r s at th e e a r lie s t p o s s ib le m o m en t. T h e fo llo w in g le tte r h a s b e e n r e c e iv e d fro m th e S h o r e d it c h B o r o u g h C o u n c il : T o w n C le r k ’s O ffice , T o w n H a ll, S h o r e d it c h , E . C . J u n e , 2 9th , 1917. D e a r S i r , — I n a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e d ire c t io n o f th is C o u n c il I s e n d th e fo llo w in g c o p y o f a re s o lu tio n p a ss e d b y th e m at t h e ir m e e tin g o n T u e s d a y la s t, th e 19th in s t., v iz. ;—

O n the o c c a s io n o f th e a ir r a id o n L o n d o n , o n J u ly 7th , m e m b e rs o f th e P r in c e o f W a le s ’ C o r p s m u s te re d in fo rc e at St. J o h n ’s G a t e u n d e r th e c o m m a n d o f th e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r w h o w a s o n th e s c e n e e a rly . N e a r ly 9 0 m e m b e rs v o lu n te e re d fo r d u t y th e re , a n d , in re s p o n s e to a c a ll, the D a im le r C o . s e n t a n a m p le s u p p ly o f m o to rs, w h ic h w ere d is p a tc h e d w ith m e n a n d e q u ip m e n t to the ra id e d areas. N u m e ro u s c a s e s w ere a ls o tre a te d b y m e m b e rs o f th e B r ig a d e w h o h a p p e n e d to be on the sp o t w h e n b o m b s w ere d ro p p e d .

W e s t H a m D i v i s i o n . — A t the R ic h m o n d H a ll, R o m fo rd ro a d , F o r e s t G a te , la s t m o n th a n in t e re s tin g le c tu re on “ R a d io g r a p h y ” w as g iv e n b y M r . E . W . J a c k s o n , A . M . I . E . E . , A m b u la n c e O ffic e r o f the a b o v e D iv is io n . I n in t r o d u c in g th e le c tu re th e C h a ir m a n (S u p t. C . A . S t a th a m ) m e n tio n e d th a t the le c tu re w a s g iv e n fo r an in s t ru c t iv e a n d p r a c t ic a l p u rp o s e to th o se in te re s te d in first aid w o rk a n d o th e rs a ls o w ith th e o b je c t o f s e c u r in g fu n d s fo r the e q u ip m e n t o f th e W e s t H a m D iv is io n . M r. J a c k s o n in th e o p e n in g r e m a r k s o f h is le c tu re stated th a t r a d io g r a p h y r e q u ir e d th e a s s is ta n c e o f tw o s c ie n c e s that o f e le c t r ic it y a n d p h o to g ra p h y , the fo rm e r fo r s e c u r in g the n e c e s s a r y e le c t r ic d is c h a r g e m a k in g th e X o r R o n t g e n ray, a n d the la t te r fo r t a k in g a n d k e e p in g a r e c o rd o f the re su lts g iv e n . S o m e w h a t a p o lo g e tic a lly th e le c tu re r m e n tio n e d that P r o fe s s o r R o n t g e n , the d is c o v e r e r o f the X - R a y , w a s a G e rm a n s c ie n tis t. A c c id e n t a lly h e d is c o v e re d , th ro u g h e x p e rim e n tin g w ith e le c t r ic d is c h a rg e s , th a t p h o t o g r a p h ic p la te s p ro te c te d by t h e ir c o v e r in g fro m o r d in a r y lig h t w ere a ffe cte d b y these e le c t r ic d is c h a rg e s . T h e r e s u lt o f fu rth e r e x p e rim e n t s sho w e d th a t X - R a y s a s at p re s e n t k n o w n w ere fo rm e d t h ro u g h h ig h p o t e n t ia l e le c t r ic d is c h a rg e s in a tu b e o r g lo b e o f g re a tly r a r e ifie d a ir. F o r th e t e m p o ra ry v ie w in g o f o b je c ts w ith the r a y s a flu o re s c e n t s c re e n w a s u se d , so m e w h a t s im ilia r to the f o c u s s in g s c re e n o f a c a m e ra , b u t co a te d w ith a sp e c ia l e m u ls io n w h ic h a rre s te d the ra y s . T h e le c t u re r g a v e the a u d ie n c e a n o p p o r tu n it y o f v ie w in g t h e ir h a n d s th ro u g h the s c re e n w h ic h a ls o sh o w e d a n a il d riv e n in to a p ie c e o f wood a n d tw o ra z o rs in a w o o d e n ca se . I t m a y a ls o be m e n tio n e d th a t m e ta ls w e re o p a q u e to the ra y s , w h ile fle sh w a s p r a c t ic a lly t ra n s p a re n t a n d b o n e s e m i-o p a q u e . P h o t o g ra p h s w ere show n o f fra c tu re s o f b o n e s, g u n s h o t w o u n d s a n d p ie c e s o f s h ra p n e l a n d b u lle ts e m b e d d e d in th e b o d y. A s e rie s o f la n te rn s lid e s w ere a ls o t h ro w n o n a screen s h o w in g th e v a r io u s b o n e s in the a rm , le g a n d o th e r p a rts of th e h u m a n fra m e . O n e p a r t ic u la r ly in t e re s tin g s lid e b e in g th a t o f the le g s h o w in g the p a te lla o r k n e e -c a p to b e a b o v e the k n e e jo in t a n d n o t a s g e n e r a lly s u p p o s e d in fro n t o f th e two b o n e s fo rm in g th e k n e e jo in t . , I n c o n c lu d in g h is le c tu re , M r . J a c k s o n a c k n o w le d g e d his in d e b te d n e s s to th e G e n e r a l E le c t r ic C o m p a n y fo r th e lo a n of th e X - r a y a p p a ra tu s . Q .M .S . N e w m a n , R .A . M . C . (fo rm a lly a c o r p o r a l o f S .J .A .B ., N o . 10 D iv is io n , W e s t H a m S e c tio n ), fo

July, 1917.

— F I R S T

No. 4 D istr ic t. S A L F O R D .— O n S a tu r d a y , J u n e 9th the N u r s in g D iv is io n ’s M a s k e d F a n c y B a ll w a s h e ld in the P u b lic H a ll, the H e ig h t , P e n d le to n , in a id o f St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e H o s p it a l, in F ra n c e . I t w a s w e ll a tte n d e d , a n d d u rin g the e v e n in g the M a y o re s s o f S a lfo rd , M r s . H ig s o n a n d h e r d a u g h te r g ra c e d the p ro c e e d in g s w ith t h e ir p re s e n c e to ju d g e a n d d is t r ib u t e the p riz e s to the w in n e rs . A v e r y s u c c e s s fu l e v e n in g w as th e re su lt, a n d M rs . H e le n B ro w n S m ith is to be h e a rte d ly c o n g ra tu la te d on the re s u lt o f h e r effort. A m o n g s t th e v is it o r s w ere C o rp s H o n . S e c re ta ry D r . C r y e r a n d h is w ife a n d M rs . C ra n , L a d y S u p e rin te n d e n t, W o r t h in g to n . O n S u n d a y , J u n e 24th (S t. J o h n D a y ), the m e m b e rs o f the N u r s in g a n d A m b u la n n c e D iv is io n a tte n d e d D iv in e S e rv ic e at St. T h o m a s ’ P a r is h C h u r c h , P e n d le to n . T h e s e rm o n w as p re a c h e d b y th e R e v . F o s b r o o k , w h o s p o k e v e r y w a rm ly o f the s e r v ic e s re n d e re d b y a ll m e m b e rs o f th e D iv is io n .

e m b e r s

o f

t h e

t a f f

o f

t h e

o h n

No. 6 D istr ic t. W h i t b y .— I n the e a r ly m o n th s o f the w a r W h it b y a n d d is t r ic t c o n trib u t e d th ro u g h the W h it b y D iv is io n , ,£ 1 0 0 fo r the m a in te n a n c e o f a b e d k n o w n as ‘ ‘ W h it b y a n d D is t r ic t B e d ” in St. J o h n H o s p it a l, E t a p le s , F r a n c e . A fu r th e r a p p e a l w a s m a d e at the b e g in n in g o f th is y e a r fo r fu n d s to m e et the g re a te r d e m a n d s m a d e u p o n the h o s p ita l re so u rc e s to th o se c o n n e c te d w ith B r ig a d e w o rk in to w n s a fte r w h ic h b e d s w e re n a m e d , th e sum o f ,£ 10 0 w as a s k e d fo r to m a in ta in the b e d s. T o m eet th is a jo in t m e e tin g o f th e A m b u la n c e a n d N u r s in g D iv is io n s w a s c a lle d , a n d th e y d e c id e d to h o ld a “ F la g D a y ” in W h it b y . W it h t h is effort, s u p p le m e n te d b y s u b s c r ip tio n s , th e p r o ce e d s o f a W h is t D r iv e , k in d ly g iv e n b y the C o m m itte e o f the W h it b y C o n s e r v a t iv e C lu b , a n d th e s a le o f a g o ld w a tc h , a tea co sy , a n a fte rn o o n tea c lo th a n d a c u s h io n , ^ 1 5 7 5s. 4d. w as re a lis e d . T h e e x p e n s e s a m o u n te d to £ j 18s., 6d. ,£ 1 0 0 h a s b e e n fo rw a rd e d to M r . W illia m E d w a r d s , S e c r e ta ry o f th e O r d e r o f St. J o h n , a n d the b a la n c e — ,£ 29 6s. 10— h a s b e e n p la c e d on d e p o sit in th e b a n k as the n e u c lu s o f a n y fu rth e r su m w h ic h m a y b e r e q u ir e d fo r th e s u p p o rt o f the “ W h it b y a n d D is t r ic t B e d .”

An interesting and pretty wedding took place at the W e s t

le y C h a p e l, C h u r c h - s t r e e t , W h it b y , th e c o n t r a c t in g p a r t ie s b e in g C p I. F r a n k T u r n e r , R . A . M . C . , o f V ic t o r ia - s q u a r e , W h it b y , a n d M is s M a r y G ib s o n L a w s o n , d a u g h t e r ot M r . G . L a w s o n , C h u r c h - s t re e t , W h it b y . T h e b rid e is a m e m b e r o f th e W h it b y N u r s in g D iv is io n o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e , a n d th e c e re m o n y w a s m a rk e d b y th e p r e s e n c e o f a n u m b e r o f h e r fe llo w m e m b e rs , in c lu d in g M r s . M it c h e ll, L a d y S u p t., a n d D r . G . B . M it c h e ll, J . P ., D iv is io n ! S u rg e o n . A n u m b e r o f the A m b u la n c e D iv is io n w e re a ls o p re s e n t, o n e m e m b e r in k h a k i, P te . A . T in d a le , R . A . M . C . , b e in g b e st m a n . A s the h a p p y p a ir le ft the C h a p e l a G u a r d o f H o n o u r o f N u r s in g a n d A m b u la n c e D iv is io n s w as fo rm e d a n d lin e d th e ste p s to th e stre et.

use o f n e g a tiv e s fro m w h ic h the p h o to g ra p h s w ere re p ro d u c e d , a lso to S e rg ts. L u c a s a n d C ro w fo r t h e ir h e lp in m a k in g the e x p o s u re s a n d in o th e r w a y s a s s is tin g h im .

AID. —

No. 8 D is tr ic t. F o l k e s t o n e . — O n M a y 2 5th a n u m b e r o f h o s tile a e r o p la n e s p a ss e d o v e r F o lk s t o n e s c a tt e rin g b o m b s in a ll d ir e c t io n s . T h e a m b u la n c e m e n a n d w o m e n w ere q u ic k ly o n th e s c e n e a n d re n d e re d v a lu a b le s e rv ic e s . T h e g re a te s t d a m a g e w a s d o n e in F o n t in e -s tr e e t, th e s h o p p in g c e r t re o f th e to w n ; a b o u t t h ir t y p e o p le w ere k ille d at th is sp o t a n d m a n y w e re in ju re d . C o r p s S u p t. F . A d a m s w a s n e a r th is s p o t at th e tim e , a n d h e a t o n c e w en t a n d r e n d e re d first a id ; o th e r m e m b e rs o f th e c o r p s q u ic k ly a rr iv e d o n th e s c e n e a n d tre a te d th e in ju re d . B y th is

u x i l i a r y

i l i t a r y

o s p i t a l

h r e w s b u r y

tim e a m b u la n c e s a r r iv e d a n d th e p a tie n t s w e re q u ic k ly t ra n s p o rte d to h o s p ita l. N u r s in g O ffic e r M r s . A . M o o re , h a p p e n e d to b e in a s h o p o p p o s ite to w h e re a b o m b e x p lo d e d , n e a r ly a ll th e p e rs o n s in sh o p w e re e it h e r k ille d o r in ju r e d ; s h e w a s c u t a b o u t th e fa ce a n d n e c k a n d re fu s e d to be a tte n d e d to u n t il s h e h a d re n d e re d first a id to the o th e r in ju re d . M e m b e r s o f th e c o r p s w e re s c a t te re d a ll o v e r the to w n u n d e r th e c h a rg e o f C o r p s O ffic e r H . E v a n s a n d S u p t. S tro o d , a n d a ll d id s p le n d id w o rk . T h e “ S a n i t a s ” C o m p a n y , L t d . — At the annual meeting of the “ Sanitas” Company held at Winchester House, London, E . C . , on June 27th, Mr. C. T . Kingzett, F.I.C., F.C S ‘, presiding, a final dividend of 5 per cent, and a honus of | per cent, was declared, bringing the total distribution for the year to 8 per cent. Notwithstanding the increased difficulties attendant upon the conduct of business under existing conditions, the total volume of trade done by the Company during the past year shows a considerable expansion, more particularly in the export branches and in the supply of disinfectants to the Government, the public, and sanitary authorities.

— F IR S T

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AMBULANCE

G A ZETTE. —

July. 1917.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. The Indian Branch of the S.J.A.A., 1908=1915. B

C o l . R. J. BLACKHAM, C I .E , D .S.O , Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John.

( Concluded from page 2 2 i f ) A b o u t this period the re-organisation of the Bombay Stores Depot which had been in existence for many years was commenced. When I took over Major Lund was still in India, but his partner Mr. H. J. Clarke, was the actual Honorary Manager of the Depot. The work in 1908 consisted of the issue of certificates, parcels t f books, bandages and such like but with the development of the Association into an Empire wide organisation the work of the Depot had grown. Mr. Clarke grappled with the situation as long as he could but the work had quite outgrown the t-fforts of any honorary official, so that in 1912 the D?pot was taken over by the Indian Council and worked with a paid manager. Lieut-Colonel Swinton gave much assistance with the early organisation and his experience and position as Medical Store Keeper to the Governmeut of Bombay was of great value. Through Colonel Swinton’s help free housing for the Depot was found and the manager, Mr. Livingstone, worked up the arrangements of stock keeping in an admirable manner. The takings went up by leaps and bounds as the Indian Branch developed, and it was remarkable how the supply was maintained sufficiently large to meet the ever-increasing demand. So successful had been my tour in 1911 that I was asked to undertake a similar journey durirg the winter of 1913-14 On this occasion I was not lent to the Associa tion, but had to take 3^ months leave, during which time I went as far east as Darjeeling, as far west as Kathiawar, as far north as Quetta and as far south as Hyderabad. Having been authorised to make an appeal for funds I commenced my tour with a visit to the Maharajah Scindia of Gwalior, who promised a munificent donation of £ 5 0 0 . Good fortune attended my efforts and the total realised between £ 2 ,0 0 0 and .£3,000 During this tour I had an opportunity of explaining the aims and objects of the Association not only to Princes, Rulers ot States and Heads of Administrations but to their Secretaries and officials to whom the actual work had eventually to be entrusted. It was found that a few minutes conversation was worth reams of correspondence and that busy men who had no time to wade through memoranda and leaflets however attractively worded were most willing to give halfan-hour to the discussion of instruction in First Aid, Home Nursing and Home Hygiene, under the auspices of the Order of St. John. The last two features of the Associa tion’s work were especially attractive to far seeing administrators. They admitted the humanitarian utility of First Aid but showed no enthusiasm about it whereas they were willing to go a long way to assist in any scheme for

disseminating a knowledge of elementary hygiene and nursing in the home. At Calcutta a meeting was arranged to inaugurate a new Provincial Centre for Bengal. Lord and Lady Carmichael were both most helpful and gave the new Centre their active help and support. Under their enlightened administration Bengal awoke from its apathy as to ambulance teaching. What a change from my visit in 1911 when I received the fullest help and encourage ment from Calcutta itself but none from official Bengal. The attitude of the former administration was not merely cold but actively hostile to the Association. When I had previously visited Calcutta in 191 1 no unit of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas existed but by this time I found a Calcutta Corps in full swing and the Ladies’ Division under the able administration of Mrs. Cottle doing especially good woik. At Quetta and Karachi representative meetings were addressed with good results. In 1914 the biggest and most important Ambulance Competitions ever held not merely in India but anywhere in the world took place. A great camp was organised at Delhi and some 500 competitors accommodated from every part of India. Tents and furniture were lent by the Government so that the cost to the Association was trifling. The competitions lasted four days. F ir s t D a y.

1.—The Maharajah of Gwalior’s Ambulance Challenge Shield for British Troops. 2 —The Scindia Ambulance Challenge Shield for Indian Troops. 3.— All India Volunteers Ambulance Challenge Shield Second D a y. 4 — All India Railways Ambulance Challenge Shield.

5 — Lord Hardinge’s Police Ambulance Challtnge Shield. 6 —The Douglas Straight Police Ambulance Challenge Bowl. 7.—Imperial Service Troops Ambulance Challenge Shield. T h ir d D a y.

8 —St. Tohn Ambulance Brigade Challenge Shield. 9 — St. John Ambulance Brigade Challenge Cup. 10 — Boy Scouts’ Ambulance Challenge Shield. F o u rth D ay.

11.—The Lady Hardinge Ambulance Challenge Bowl for Ladies. The Viceroy and Lady Hardinge and a great number of distinguished officials of the Government of India visited the camp during the week and the Indian Press gave remarkable prominence to the reports of the competitions. Those who have conducted ambulance competitions at home or abroad will realise the amount of labour involved by this camp. I could not have got through the work were it not for the devoted assistance of my wife who was manager of the

July, 1917.

— F IR S T

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messing and other administrative arrangements. I would like to say here that it was not merely on this occasion but through the whole of my seven years work in India that my wife acted as my “ right hand man.” Without her help and comradeship I could not have kept up the work in the face of the numerous discouragements with which I was faced from time to time. In 1913, my tour of service in India having expired, Sir Trevredyn Wynne and the Executive Committee put forward a proposal which had the backing of my official Chief, Sir Arthur Sloggett, for my seconding as a paid Secretary of the Association for a period of two years. This application was sent Home by the Viceroy in the early summer of 1914, but before it could receive the sanction of the War Office the fateful 4th of August arrived and Europe was ablaze with war. It was a great dis appointment to me, having completed my tour of service in India that on the outbreak of war I found that it had been decided that I would be more usefully employed in India than with the Expeditionary Forces. There was work to be done, however, and proposals were at once submitted for the immediate employment of the St. John Ambulance peace organisation for the formation of a Red Cross Society for India. Sir Pardey Lukis was quick to see the necessity for and the possibilities of the scheme, and, within forty-eight hours of the declaration of war, a circular was despatched to every Centre in India asking for the formation of a Committee for the collection of money and material for the sick and wounded. A few days later a public meeting was held at Lady Butler’s house in Simla which constituted the first Ladies’ Committee of the Indian Branch of the Association. Surgeon-General Sir William Babtie, V .C , and Sir Pardey Lukis addressed the meeting and indicated the lines of work to be followed. Sir William Babtie did more. Aided by Miss Waterhouse the head of Queen Alexandra’s Indian Nursing Service he worked out what were called “ U n its” of Red Cross Requisites indicating suitable gifts for each ten hospital beds. In the absence of Red Cross Stores to which articles could be consigned and from which they could be dis tributed this scheme regulated the amounts of materials in packages and prevented the dumping of large quantities of the same articles. The method had its limitations of course, but was of the highest usefulness in the early days of Red Cross work in India. Premises were acquired in Bombay as a Store and very soon material came pouring in so that a considerable paid staff had to be obtained to deal with it. Mr. Nelson, a young cotton broker of Bombay, rendered valuable help in starting the Depot on business lines. Consignments were sent to every Theatre of War and also to the Indian Hospitals in England. Motor Ambulance Cars were early called for and later Ambulance Boats for Mesopotamia. A number of cars were also sent to East Africa. Help to War Hospitals in India was a special feature of the Branch’s work. These Hospitals sprang up all over the Country for the reception of sick and wounded from the various theatres of war. In May, 1915, the Indian Council was able to gratify its legimate aspirations to a Hospital of its own, and the first St. John Ambulance War Hospital to be established by the Order in the East since the twelfth century was inaugurated at Dehra Dun for the reception of cases re quiring special electrical treatment. Such a Hospital

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

obviously filled a great want and the Association was fortunate in having as the Chairman of its Executive Committee the Director-General of the Indian Medical Services who was able to sanction the use by and for the wounded of the valuable apparatus and material at the X-Ray Institute of India. Major Walter the well-known radiographer in charge was appointed Commandant of the St. John War Hospital and was ably seconded by his wife in the work of organising and equipping it. The appeal of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital at Etaples was not overlooked under the pressure of our local needs and funds were collected for one complete ward— “ Empire of India Ward ”— and a number of beds in another. In July, while on a tour of inspection at Calcutta, I received a telegram which hurried me back to Simla. Senior Officers of the R A.M.C. were needed in P'rance and as the Executive Committee of the Indian Council did not stand in my way, I left Simla on active service on August ist, 1915. It is with pardonable pride that I can look back on my 7 years’service to the Association in India, for when I left its organisation was so efficient that it would run on without help and under the continued guidance of Sir Pardey Lukis it has flourished mightily. During my tenure of office the number of Centres had been increased to 300 and a vast Red Cross organisation with ample funds had been estab lished, a capital reserve of several thousand pounds, no less then eleven trophies for annual competition and wellequipped offices in Simla and Delhi had also been pro vided. These results could not, of course, have been achieved without the devoted labours of the entire Indian Council and especially of Sir Trevredyn Wynne and Sir Pardey Lukis, the Chairman of the Executive Committee. Just a final word about the Brigade Overseas and my task is done. In 1908 there were only two Units of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, both in the Island of Bombay. By 1912 the Brigade had sufficiently developed for India and Burma to be divided into Districts. Units have been established in most parts of India and Burma and most of these are engaged in war work. The unique experience fell to me of Commanding Contingents of the Brigade both at the Delhi Durbar 111 1 9 r x and the State Entry to Delhi in 1912. The Districts ol India have been brought together under a common control and Surgeon-General Sir Pardey Lukis is now the head both of the Association and the Brigade. In conclusion I would add that this brief sketch which forms an interesting chapter in the history of the Order of St. John has been written on active service in the field. It has been scribbled a few paragraphs or even a few sentences at a time in huts and tents during the rigours of a winter campaign when the writer’s thoughts often turned longingly to the Sunny Land in which the events he chronicles occurred. I hope that any omissions may be forgiven in such a brief account of seven years’ work which I freely acknow ledge was largely rendered possible by the pioneer labours of Lieut.-Colonel A. C. Yate, Colonel Hendley and others. One thing is certain that the Order of St. John is now firmly established in our Eastern Empire and that the teeming millions of India, Mussulman, Hindu, Sikh and Parsee, have learned to recognise that the White Cross associated with the name of a Christian Saint symbolizes no sectarian doctrine but an Imperialist Policy bringing relief to suffering humanity of every class and creed both in peace and in war.

— F IR S T

V.A.D. The

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News.

following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department op the Joint V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading.— E d i t o r .

In reply to several enquiries as to what, if any, relative Army rank V.A.D. officers are considered to hold, we are desired to inform our readers that neither in a Military nor in a V.A.D. Hospital have Matrons or Nursing Sisters •‘ relative rank.” In a V.A.D. Hospital neither a Com mandant nor a Quartermaster has any “ relative rank.” *** The above reply will also sufficiently answer the ques tion put by the Commandant of Somerset 35, as to whether salutes are due to V.A.D. Officers from privates and non commissioned officers of H.M. Forces. * * *

Nurses and V .A .D .’s trained at the Middlesex H os pital who are desirous of serving abroad in a unit entirely recruited from that hospital are invited to send in their names to The Matron, The Middlesex Hospital, W. The unit is now being raised under the authorisation of the War Office, and in accordance wiih the scheme con tained in a pamphlet by Lieut.-Col. Sir James K. Fowler, K.C.V.O., entitled “ The Medical and Nursing Services of the Imperial Arm y” (Macmillan). All the officers of this unit will be Middlesex men. The matrons, nurses and sisters will have been trained at that hospital, and the V .A .D .’s will either have been trained there or will belong to families connected with the hospital. * * * T h e following V.A.D. members have been mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig’s Despatch for Service in France :— May 15 th, 1917.— Allen, L , W. Lancs. 112 Anderson, M , Edinburgh 6 ; Brownrigg, H. C., Surrey 56 Colvin, E., London 148; Dalrymple, G. L., Norfolk 38 Dalrymple, M, H., Hants 10; Eadie, E., Staffs, 46 Earle, M. E. F , Oxford 10; Ellis, C. O. M , Notts 98 Green, E W., Tyrone; Harliog, E. J , Cheshire 124 Heathcote, M. L , Hants 26; Henderson, F. M., Surrey 22 Howell Evans, G ; Lammin, S., Surrey 98; McComb C. J., Glasgow 10; Malet, E., Hants 6 ; Martin, H. Worcester 30 ; Metcalfe, M , Glamorgan 60 ; Merrington G E., Bristol 2; Napier, E , Dumbarton 6 ; Polwhele M. J. M., Northampton 5; Rind, E , Somerset 108 Robinson, M. A. C. ; Shepherd, E., Dundee, 4 ; Sweet D. M., Dorset 46; Williamson, N , London 120; Woods L , Norfolk 9 4 ; Bull; J. D., W.R.Y. 8 ; Trimble, H W. Lancs 10; Tuckey, H. F., Dublin University Wall, R., Cheshire 90. June 16th. 1917.— Mollett, E , W R. Yorks 20 Slogett, D. C., London 118. *** A leaflet is now obtainable entitled “ From a V.A.D. Hospital,” consisting of a reprint from the Spectator, of three poems by Mary Adair Macdonald, a member of Hants 196. The poems are not only extremely beautiful in themselves, but show a splendid spirit of self-devotion founded on an intense realization of the greater sacrifices of others. This spirit is expressed most directly, perhaps, in a verse from the poem “ In the Ward,” but there are many other passages of equal or greater beauty. “ Epiphany Vision ” is a beautiful meditation on the

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE—

July, 1917.

true spiritual significance of the “ gifts” of those who, in their own estimation, “ . . . o n ly fo u g h t fo r h o m e A n d b a b e s o n the m o th e r’s k n e e .”

The third set of verses, “ In last Year’s Camp,” is the least original of the three, but gives a poetical picture of the deserted camp with its human memories. The leaflet can be obtained post free from Messrs. W. Speaight & Sons, 98-99, Fetter-lane, London, E.C. 4, at the price of six copies, 2d.; 100 copies 2s. 6d.; 1,000 copies 12s. Not less than six copies supplied. * * * We are asked to record the death of Miss Margaret Birkett, which took place in D.cember, 1914. She was a member of Kent 60 from June, 1912, and worked in the V.A.D. Hospital, Abbey Lodge, Chislehurst, from Oct. 14th, 1914, until the time of her death. The meningitis from which she died was considered by the doctor to be directly connected with her work in the Hospital. * * * 621 members have been posted from Devonshire House during the four weeks from 30th May to 26th June, allocated as follows :— A

o m e

—

I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s .............................................. In N a v a l „ „ ................. .............................................. I n A u x ilia r y „ „ A

b r o a d

„

Naval

A u x ilia r y

„

T otal

„

o m e

....................

b r o a d

621 >991.

—

I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s ............................................... .................................... In N a v a l „ „ ............................................... .................................... F o r G e n e r a l S e rv ic e I n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a ls ................. A

10 12 65

The total number of members now at work is allocated as follows :— t

—

I n M ilit a r y „ „ ............................................... N o t in W a r d s ........................................................................... U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e , N u r s in g ................................ „ „ N o n - N u r s i n g ................................ G e n e r a l S e r v ic e M e m b e rs in M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s

4QO

5.290 2

533

607

—

I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a ls ............................................................. .................................... U n d e r J o in t C o m m i t t e e ............................................................. ............................................

',981

578

8,991 2,250 new applications for Nursing and General Ser vice have been received during the past four weeks. V The number of postings nas fallen this month to the rate of 155 per week, as against 211 during the month of May. This means that the increase of staff necessitated everywhere by the Spring “ push ” has been largely dealt with, thoughthe factthat there are 245moremembers at work now than a monthago shows that thefield of work is still enlarging. It will be noticed that no members have been posted this month to Military Hospitals abroad. This is fully accounted for by the news published a few days ago, that a large number of hospitals in France have been taken over by Ameiican units, and the British staffs drafted off to fill gaps elsewhere. This sudden influx of help from our new ally, of course, lessens the demand on our resources for the

July, 1 9 1 7 .

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moment, though when once the readjustment has been made there will still be the constant need for fresh volunteers to replace those who fall out of the ranks and to meet any sudden increase necessitated by military operations. There is a considerable rise in the number of General Service members posted to Auxiliary Hospitals, showing that we are becoming more and more recognised as a body of women who can be relied upon to help the sick and wounded by any form of service, however unpretentious. This is the ideal which was always before the eyes of the best of our members, even in the days of the much ridiculed drills and field-days before the war. It was some what lost sight of for a time in the glamour of the actual nursing, in which we were allowed such an unex pectedly large share, but is now coming to the fore again, just in time to carry us through the inevitable depression following on three years of enthusiastic work. It is the only ideal that can be trusted to carry us through an indefinitely prolonged war, and leave us a strong, united body ready to face the even more difficult problems of Peace.

General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee to County Directors.

JOHN

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

Hospitals. It is advisable that recruiting should go on quietly when women with special qualifications apply for service. We still need Cooks and Motor Drivers, as there are always vacancies for these, paid and unpaid. Members who can afford to work without pay can always be posted to Auxiliary Hospitals at home or with Joint Committee Formations abroad. Yours faithfully, C

h i l s t o n

Chief County Director.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Chancery o f the O rd e r , St. fo h n ’s Gate , C lerken w ell , London , E .C ., J u n e 26th , I Q I 7 T h e K in g h a s b e e n g r a c io u s ly p le a s e d to s a n c t io n the fo llo w in g p ro m o tio n s in , a n d a p p o in t m e n t s to, the O r d e r o f the H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d : —

A s K n ig h ts of G race :

I send you the following for your information:— County Directors are authorised to pay from their own Fund (and to claim repayment from Headquarters under their grant-in-aid) the travelling expenses and fee for medi cal examination of applicants for special service who may require this assistance. County Directors are asked to make arrangements with local doctors already on the examination list of the British Red Cross Society or the Order of St. John, to make a medical examination of our applicantsfor a fee of 7s. 6d. per applicant, I n no case should applicants be exam ined by th eir owti p riv a te doctor.

G e o rg e W illia m N e e d h a m , J .P . C h a rle s W illia m B a r th o lo m e w B ro th e r).

(fro m

H o n o ra ry

S e r v in g

A s H o n o ra ry K n ig h t o f G race : C o lo n e l C a r l H a u s e r .

A s La d ies o f G ra c e : M a ud e , M rs. F o x -S y m o n s. T h e C o u n t e s s o f M a lm e s b u ry .

A s E s q u ir e : A r t h u r H a m m e r s le y A s s o c ia t e ).

Jo h n sto n ,

M .R .C .S .

(fro m

H o n o ra ry

County Directors are asked in the future to send the A s H o 7io ra ry S ervin g B ro th ers : medical certificate of any applicant to Devonshire House when he sends the qualification form. S a m u e l C lo u g h . It should again be pointed out that married women A lb e r t C h r is t o p h e r C a rt e r. W illia m E r n e s t E d w a r d s . cannot be posted for service to France if there is the G e o rg e G re e n . slightest possibility that their husbands may be serving W illia m M a n b y W a lk e r . there. This applies of course to service in any foreign A s H o n o ra ry S ervin g Sisters : country. County Directors are asked to keep their Recruiting T h e H o n . G e r t r u d e M a r y K in n a ir d . Commandants informed of any postings from the Reserve E v e ly n , M is s H a n k e y . Detachment. B o r E n ro lm e n t as H o n o ra ry Associates : School Teachers should not be encouraged to apply T h e R e v . T h o m a s C a rt e r. for V.A D. service. Mental or Fever Nurses should not be Jo h n D u ff, M . D ., M . R .C .P . encouraged to apply, as their work is required for the civil Ja m e s A le x a n d e r W ils o n , M .C ., C h .B . (G la s .). population. No women holding the C.M.B. certificates should be A s D on a ts ( G o ld Badge) ; accepted. H i s H ig h n e s s T h e M a h a r a ja L o k e n d r a G o v in d S in g h Mrs. Furse, Commandant-in-Chief Women’s V.A.D., D a t ia . asks that your special attention be drawn to the following : R a ja P e rt a b S in g h o f A li R a jp u r . As there is now a considerable waiting list at C a p t a in H i s H ig h n e s s T h e R a n a R a n a jit S in g h o f B a r w a n i. Devonshire House, it is possible for the present to A s D on a ts ( S ilv e r B a d g e ): allow members (who have the permission of their D r . D h a n jib h a i H o r m a s ji M e h ta . Commandant and County Director, and the Com R a j a R u d r a P r a t a p D e o o f B a s t a r. mandant-in-Chief), to work for the Allies abroad. M a h a r a ja B a h a d u r R a g h u n a t h S in g h D e o o f S a r g u ja . Owing to the splendid response made to our A s D on a ts ( B ro n ze Badge) : National Service Appeal for Nursing V.A.D. members, we have now a sufficient reserve of selected members S e th N a r s in g h D a s s M e h t a o f H in g a n h a t . to fill our immediate needs for the wards of Military R . M it ra .

— FIRST

Canadian

AID

THE

ST.

JOHN

Notes.

h e following items of interest have been received from the General Secretary of the Canadian Branch :— The King’s Birthday List contained the names of several prominent workers of the Canadian Branch of the Association, and at the June meeting of the General Executive Committee congratulations were extended to the recipients of the honours from the Sovereign, Sir George Burn has been Honorary Treasurer of the Branch s nee its organization in 1910. Sir Augustus Nanton has been Honorary Treasurer of the Manitoba Council since it was started in 1911. Colonel Chas. F. Hodgetts, C M G , M.P., D.P.H., is a pioneer in the First Aid Movement in Canada and has been a member of the General Executive Committee from the start. He is the Chief Medical Advisor of the Conservation Committee of Canada, but is at present Honorary Canadian Red Cross Commissioner in London.

The remarkable success of the scheme for the instruction of the Canadian troops in First Aid is being acknowledged on all sides, and letters from troops overseas contain every evidence of the practical value of the instruction. In every military district in Canada the A.D.M.S., has been well pleased with the work of the instructors, and notwithstanding that most of the troops have been sent overseas, the Depaitment of Militia has decided to retain the services of these instructors, by employing them in the various Military Hospitals in Canada. Should their services be again required for instruction to the troops they can be recalled to that duty.

AMBULANCE

British Columbia teacher to have a teach is granted. Normal Schools is

G A Z E T T E .—

July, 1 9 1 7.

and Saskatchewan, now require every First Aid certificate, before a license to As a result the First Aid Course in all an important ftature.

All those holding important positions in the coal mines of British Columbia and Alberta are required to possess a first aid certificate.

Through the generosity of the Honorary Presidtnt, Mr. Wallace Nesbitt, the Association has been the source from which came the funds for the purchase of the dis charge buttons, issued to the trcops, on their return to Canada. Neither the Association or the Patriotic Fund could use their funds for this purpose, so Mr. Nesbitt came to the rescue and through the Association contributes $ I0° G £2 5) Per month for the purpose of providing these buttons. They are valued highly by the discharged men.

Surgeon-General G. Carleton Jones, C. M.G., DirectorGeneral of Medical Services of the Canadian Militia, who has been since 1914, Director of Canadian Medical Services overseas, was in Canada recently, on a short official visit. He has returned to England. General Jones is a member of the General Executive of the Canadian Branch, and has been one of the Association’s most enthusiastic supporters since the Branch was organised.

S t John Auxiliary Hospital Rochdale. The administration of the Voluntary Aid Detachments in Canada, organised by the Association since the commence ment of the war, has been transferred by the Association to the Brigade. It is expected that each detachment will form themselves into a Nursing Division of the Brigade, as suggested by the Association. These detachments have done splendid work in connection with departing troops, and returning sick and wounded, and the success of the various Convalescent Homes has been largely due to the efforts of the members who have dene duty in them. Each of the detachments will supply a quota of volun tary aid nurses to the party which leaves shortly for service overseas. Every manufacturer in Canada has been approached by the Canadian Branch with a view to securing more earnest co-operation in the First Aid Movement, and the campaign is already showing results. Each of the manu facturing firms have been circularised, and their attention drawn to the necessity for an adequate supply of first aid equipment being available in case of accident, and for a percentage of their employees being proficient in fire* ^d treatment. The Canadian Branch has distributed 3,000 copies of its annual report and many thousand copies of a small booklet “ What To Do inC ase of Accident.” At the instance of the Branch, the Workmen’s Compensation Board for Ontario has included in its legislation provision making it compulsory for every manufacturing establish ment to have a certain amount of ambulance material available for use by their employees. The

De p a r t me n t o f E d u c a t i o n o f t he Pr o vi nces of

St. John Auxiliary Hospital, St. John Ambulance Hall, Rochdale, was opened on November 4th, 1 9 1 4 , with 24 beds. The St. John Ambulance Hall, Rochdale, was pre sented to the Order of St John for the use of the Rochdale Corps in the year 1904, by the late Col. Sir Clement M. Royds, Knight of Justice of the Order of Sir John, and Lady Royds, Lady of Grace of the Order. In 1914 the premises were lent by the Trustees of the Order and the Rochdale Corps for use as a hospital. Tne necessary alterations were carried out under the super vision of Mrs. Tweedale, and the hospital was brought into use on November 4th, 1914, by the reception of 24 wounded Belgians, who were admitted direct from the hospital train. As these men improved and returned to their depot at Folkestone, their places were filled by British. The number of beds was increased to 30 in June, 1915, and the building was further extended to acccommodate 68 beds in October, 1915, on ground adjoining, kindly lent by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Ttiis exten sion was just ready for the Battle of Loos, and is called the “ Loos” extension. Another ward was built in 1916, bringing the accommodation up to 103, and was ready for the reception of cases from the Somme, and so is named the “ Som m e” extension. In October, 1916, the accommodation was increased to 190 beds by the addition of two houses as annexes, “ Greenbank,” kindly lent by H. Bright, Esq , and “ Wolstenholme Hall,” kindly lent by J. N. Tod, Esq. In May, 1917, in answer to the request for increased accommodation another extension to the St. John Ambu The

July, 1917.

— F IR S T

A ID

THE

ST.

lance Hall was completed, bringing the total accomodation up to 300 beds. In addition to the usual offices, pack store, linen store, etc., there is an operating theatre and recreation room, containting two full-size billiard tables, one of which was given by P C. Lee, Esq. Lady Royds has been the treasurer, and Mrs. Tweedale the commandant, matron and secretary from the opening. The hospital has been staffed by the members of V.A.D., E L . 1 5 8 , with members from E L . 7 8 , and E L 138. D. Richmond, E sq, M.D., has been the operating surgeon, and W. H Carse, E sq, M B., medical officer, assisted by S Wilson, Esq , M B. A great many operations have been successfully per formed, including gistro-enterostomy, appendicioto ny and collotomy. All the members of the staff have worked harmoniously together, and have rendered most willing and efficient service, and have been supported by a number of generous donors.

The Annual Service of the Order. h e Annual Service of the Order of St. John was held at St. John’s Priory Church, Clerkenwell, on June 26th, in

St . John

u x il ia r y

ilita r y

The General Assembly of the Order was subsequently held at St. John’s Gate, and the following letter from the Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior, to the Rt. Hon. Evelyn Cecil, M.P., Secretary-General, was read :— C la re n c e H o u s e , St. J a m e s ’s, S .W . J u n e 2 2 n d , 1917. ear

M r . C e c i l ,—

I re g re t e x tre m e ly to in fo rm y o u th a t I am u n a v o id a b ly p re v e n te d , at the la s t m o m e n t, fro m a tt e n d in g th e G e n e r a l A s s e m b ly o n T u e s d a y , h a v in g to le a v e L o n d o n u n e x p e c te d ly e a r ly o n M o n d a y m o r n in g o n M ilit a r y d u tie s , w h ic h e n t a ils m y b e in g a w a y th e w h o le o f the w e e k, w h ic h it w a s n e it h e r p o s s ib le to fo re se e n o r to p o stp o n e .

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

I am m o re t h a n s o r r y , a s y o u k n o w th a t 1 ta k e th e d e e p e st in t e re s t in a ll th e a m b u la n c e a n d g e n e r a l w o rk o f the O r d e r o f St. J o h n , a n d h a d lo o k e d fo r w a r d fo r m a n y w e e k s to k e e p in g t h is e n g a g e m e n t, b u t 1 fe e l s u r e th a t th e M e m b e r s o f the O r d e r w ill u n d e r s t a n d th e re a s o n o f m y a b se n ce . 1 h a d in t e n d e d to g iv e so m e a c c o u n t o f th e e x t e n s io n o f the o r g a n is a t io n o f th e O r d e r d u r in g m y s ta y in C a n a d a , w h e re 1 d id m y u tm o st to p ro m o te its in t e re s ts , w it h , I tru s t a n d b e lie v e , g o o d re s u lts . I h a d a ls o in te n d e d to re fe r to th e c a r e fu l c o n s id e ra t io n w h ic h w ill be n e e d e d a s to th e w o rk in t h e s e s tr e n u o u s y e a rs , to b e st fit it to th e fra m e w o r k o f P e a c e . I tru s t to h a v e m a n y o p p o r t u n it ie s a s G r a n d P r io r to g iv e m y m o st a c t iv e a s s is ta n c e to the v e r y im p o r t a n t d u t ie s o f th e O r d e r .— B e lie v e m e, y o u r s v e r y s in c e r e ly , ( S ig n e d )

rth u r

, G r a n d P r io r .

The Earl of Plymouth, Sub-Prior, presided, and said that all recognised the great Red Cross work which had been done during the past three years, and the natural desire was that at the close of the war the fruits of this great time of training and active work should be gathered together and remain in the same form of organisation. The Secretary-General made his annual statement and menti med that the St. John Ambulance Brigade which before the war consisted of 25,560 men and women had now reached the strength of 62,851 men and women, exclusive of about 10,000 more in the Territorial Branch.

ospita l,

connection with St. John Baptist’s Day. Canon Sheppard and the Rev. T. C. Elsdon (Rector of the Parish) officiated and the Sermon was preached by Bishop Taylor Smith, Chaplain-General to H.M. Forces.

JOHN

o c h d a l e .—

P atien ts

and

Staff.

Sir Herbert Perrott (Bailiff of Egle) spoke of the work of the Joint War Committee.

Miss Muncaster, official instructress (of the Joint V.A.D. War Committee) in the duties of general service in military hospitals and in the administration of military hospital kitchens, late Assistant County Director T. F.A.. County of London, and late Commandant 12 Cumberland V A D., has been appointed by the Director General, Army Medical Service, as Inspector of Kitchen Management and Kitchen Economies in Military Hospitals, and has taken up her duties. Her headquarters are at the War Office. Miss Muncaster intends to carry on her courses of training and has recently given one to a large number of members of the Hull Corps.

— F IR S T

Notes

and

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

News.

Early in the present month Her Majesty the Queen visited the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital at Etaples. On her arrival she was met by the Commanding Officer Col. Trimble, C.M G , Deputy Commissioner No. 4 District St. John Ambulance Brigade and by the other members of the staff, of whom the following had the honour of being p resen ted L ieu t.-C o lo n el Trimble, C.M.G., V .D .; Major Houston, Major Hope, Capt. M icllwaine, Capt. Goyder, Lieut.-Col. Barclay, Secre tary and Treasurer to the Hospital ; Miss Todd, R.R.C., Matron ; Miss Chittock, the Assistant Matron. Tne Rt. Honourable The Earl of Ranfurly, G.C.M G , Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order was also present to receive Her Majesty, who remained several hours at the hospital and made an in spection of the operating theatres, X-ray room, four wards, the laboratory, dispensary, the splint-making, dental, ear and throat departments, admission block and the bathing arrangements attached thereto. Capt. Macllwaine, the heart specialist, gave a practical demonstration of the cardiograph. Subsequently Her Majesty, who had evinced a keen interest in all she saw, was present at a luncheon, which the following also attended :— L a d y A ir lie , L a d y - in - w a it in g to H e r M a je s ty . A c t in g M a tr o n in C h ie f M is s B e a d s m o re S m ith , R . R . C . M is s T o d d , R . R . C . , M a tro n , S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e H o s p it a l, T h e E a r l o f R a n f u r ly , P .C . ( I ) , G .C .M .G . T h e E a r l o f S h a fte s b u r y , K .P . L ie u t .- G e n e r a l J . J . A s s e r , C .B ., G .O .C ., L . o f C . a re a . S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l S ir A r t h u r S lo g g e tt, K . C .B ., K .C .M . G . S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l S ir P e rc y W o o d h o u s e , K . C . M . G ., C .B ., D .M .S ., L . o f C . a re a . S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l S ir G . H . M a k in s , K .C .M .G ., C .B ., C o n s u ltS u rg e o n , E t a p le s . B r ig .- G e n e r a l A . G . T h o m s o n , C .B ., C .M .G ., C o m m a n d a n t, E t a p le '. C o lo n e l H . C a r r , C . B , D . D . M . , E t a p le s . C o lo n e l W . H . P lo m e r , C .M .G ., A .A . & Q .M .G . C o lo n e l S ir J o h n R o s e B ra d fo r d , C .B ., C o n s u lt in g P h y s ic ia n , E t a p le s . T h e R e v . C o lo n e l C a re y , S e n io r C h a p la in to th e F o r c e s , E t a p le s a re a . L ie u t .- C o lo n e l S ir A . F le t c h e r , M .P . M a jo r T . H o u s to n , S e n io r P h y s ic ia n to the H o s p it a l. M a jo r C . W . M . H o p e , S e n io r S u rg e o n to th e H o s p it a l. C a p t . J , E . M a c llw a in e . C a p t . F . W . G o y d e r. L ie u t .- C o lo n e l H . F . B a r c la y , S e c re ta r y to the H o s p it a l. C a p t. th e R e v . H . C . M y ln e , C h a p la in to th e H o s p it a l.

Before leaving Her Majesty remarked to Col. Trimble that he had a most beautiful hospital. V A Dressing Station, provided with every requisite, has been established in Acton Vale, on the high road to London, by the 44th West London Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The opening ceremony, which took place on the 23rd June, was performed by the Rt. Hon. Evelyn Cecil, M.P., Secretary General of the Order of St. John. Mr. Cecil, in the course of his remarks, congratulated Acton on the possession of such a useful building and so efficient an Ambulance Division under Supt. Dalton, to whom in a large measure the credit of collecting the neces sary funds was due.

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .-

July, 1917

Councillor Arney also referred to the services of Supt Dalton and to the necessity for such an institution, more especially during the prevalence of air raids.

V The next examinations in First Aid and Home Nursing for Demonstrators’ Certificates will take place as under in the event of sufficient candidates being forthcoming — London, Birmingham, Manchester, Dublin, Belfast, 1st September; Cardiff, 3rd September; Newcastle, Leeds, 6th September. Liverpool, Bristol, Southampton, date not yet fixed. Candidates should forward the entrance fee of 5s. for each subject together with the number of their Medallion and the dates of their two Labels to the Chief Secretary, at St. John’s Gate, before the 15th August. V The Gate has been a centre of activity during the recent air raids. Many members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of No. 1 District of the St. John Ambu lance Brigade who happened to be in the neighbourhood at the time, or whose services were not required in their own locality, were called by telephone and were able to render most useful assistance in the streets under their own Deputy Commissioner. Ambulances are held in readiness and used as required. In addition to the excitement caused by the air raids a fire broke out in the premises next to the Gate towards the end of last month. At one time there seemed every prospect of it spreading to the new wing, and this disaster was only averted by the timely arrival of the Fire Brigade, whose energetic efforts were successful in confining the damage to the building in which the fire originated.

V The following have been added to the list of St. John Hospitals :—Lightridge Auxiliary Hospital, Huddersfield, 10 beds ; Garswood Hall Auxiliary Hospital, near Wigan, 40 beds. F i r s t A id C o m p e titio n s a t t h e R o y a l B o t a n ic a l G a r d e n s . — F ir s t A id a n d H o m e N u r s in g C o m p e t it io n s w ere h e ld at the R o y a l B o t a n ic a l G a rd e n s , R e g e n t ’s P a r k , on th e 12th in s t., th e o c c a s io n b e in g th e 8th A n n u a l M e e t in g o f the M e tr o p o lita n P o lic e S h o o t in g L e a g u e in a id o f th e fu n d s o f th e M e tr o p o lita n a n d C it y P o lic e O rp h a n a g e , a n d o th e r P o lic e C h a rit ie s . F u r t h e r p a r t ic u la r s w ill be g iv e n n e x t m o n th .

New H o sp ita l o f No. 12 D i s t r i c t . — T h e Ir i s h C o u n t ie s ’ W a r H o s p it a l, M a r lb o ro u g h H a ll, D u b lin , is the k in g o f w a r h o s p ita ls , a n d w a s f o rm a lly o p e n e d b y H e r E x c e l le n c y th e L a d y W im b o rn e o n th e 18th in s t. A s its n a m e im p lie s , it is th e o u tco m e o f I r i s h c o u n ty effort. T h e b u ild in g , e re c te d fo r the p u rp o s e o f a T r a in in g C o lle g e at the c o st o f ^ 9 0 ,0 0 0 , is s p a c io u s a n d m o d e rn , a n d s ta n d s on a n e m in e n c e in 27 a c re s of g ro u n d . T h e co st o f e q u ip m e n t h a s b e e n v e ry h e a v y , b u t the m o n e y w a s s u b s c rib e d in th e m o st g e n e ro u s fa s h io n . M r . C . W is d o m H a le y , a p ro m in e n t D u b lin C itiz e n . s u b s c r i b e d ^ ! , 0 0 0 ! a n d a s a m e m o ria l to h e r la te h u s b a n d , L a d y A r d ila n n p la c e d ,£ 5 0 0 at th e d is p o s a l o f th e C o m m itte e fo r th e f o u n d in g o f a w a rd . T h e D u n lo p R u b b e r C o m p a n y fo u n d e d a w a rd at th e co st o f £ 1,000. T h e s e a re in s t a n c e s o f the g e n e ro u s s p ir it th a t w a s m a n ife s te d th ro u g h o u t, b u t the re is n o d o u b t th a t th e p o w e r b e h in d w a s D r . L u m s d e n , D ir e c t o r in C h ie f, V . A . D . , Ir e la n d . H e it w a s w h o la id th e fo u n d a tio n s to n e o f the m o v e m e n t a n d g a th e re d to g e th e r fro m a ll q u a rte rs o f the c o u n t ry th e m en a n d w o m e n b e st s u ite d fo r the p u rp o se o f c o n v e r t in g a n id e a in to a n a c c o m p lis h e d fact. T h e o ffic e r fn c o m m a n d is L ie u t .- C o lo n e l S e to n P r in g le , R .A . M . C . , o n e o f D u b lin ’s d is t in g u is h e d s u rg e o n s .

Jul y

— F I R S T

1917

CO N TEN TS E

d i t o r i a l

T H IS

...

... ...

2 3

T h e In d ia n B r a n c h o f the S .J .A .A ., 1 9 0 8 -19 1 5 ... V . A . D . N e w s ... ... ... ... ... T h e G r a n d P r io r y o f the O r d e r o f the H o s p it a l of St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d . .. ...

4 6

is t r i c t

—

e p o r t s

N o . 1 ... ... No. 4 ; No. 6 ; No. 8 T

h e

. J

o h n

’s A

... ...

m b u l a n c e

a z e t t e

G e n e r a l L e tt e r o f th e J o in t the C o u n t y D ir e c t o rs

—

V . A . D . C o m m itte e to ... ... ...

7 7

St. J o h n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, R o c h d a le

...

C a n a d ia n N e w s

...

T h e A n n u a l S e r v ic e o f the O r d e r

...

N o te s a n d N e w s

...

B r e v itie s

...

... ...

R a ilw a y A m b u la n c e R

wounded soldiers and needy civilians on the broadest possible lines. ***

NUM BER.

—

In s u r a n c e a n d F ir s t A id

e v ie w s

—

T h e M in d to W o r k

...

H in t s to H o s p it a l O r d e r lie s

...

T h e P o c k e t A n a t o m ic a l A t la s

...

Q u e rie s a n d A n s w e r s to C o rre s p o n d e n t s

...

Brevities. T h l Marquis of Lincoln shire, in the simple instruc tions which he issued recently in regard to air raid pre cautions at the Houses of Parliament, made allusion to the medical and surgical equipment under control of the Sergeant-at-Arms. The provision of this up to-date require ment owes its origin, we believe, to Sir William Collins, M.P., who, it may be recalled, was one of the medico M P.’s who was summoned to attend the late Sir Alfred Billson, M.P., when seized with fatal illness some years ago in th - Parliamentary precincts.

* * * T h e Red Cross emblem has hitherto been flaunted loosely in India, and an Ordinance has been published restricting its use to certain named societies such as the St. John Ambulance Association and its allied bodies.

V Chaitman of the American Red Cross War Council, announces that as the first step towards rendering comprehensive aid to Russia, a Special Red Cross Commission has been despatched there with medical supplies and surgical instruments to meet the most urgent needs. The Commission is composed of twelve men, in cluding experts in medicin", public health and social ser vice, and its purpose is not only to give immediate aid, but also to study the methods whereby the American Red Cross will be able to extend the most effective relief to M

. D

a v i s o n

AID.—

Duke of Buccleuch, presiding at the annual meeting of the St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association in Glasgow, on July 4th, remarked that considering the d’fficulties they had to work under the 'past year had been a successful one. Tne income,in his opinion, was favourable, and when it was considered that the expenditure came to about £ 6 ,0 0 0 , it was small when compared with the work they carried out. It was most creditable that the officers of the Association had been able to do so much on such a small outlay. It was satisfactory to know that the employes in the many important works and industries in the city and district had last year increased their subscriptions by about ^ 3 0 0 . During the year nearly 30,000 cases of accidents and illness had been attended—in Glasgow alone the num ber was just under 9 000. In addition, they had through out Scotland conducted 49S classes and given ambulance instruction to 10,500 pupils. T

h e

V S ir G e o r g e B e a t s o n , Chairman of the Scottish Branch of the Red Cross Society, has written two pamphlets for that branch. The first, entitled “ The Story of the Red Cross and its use in War as a dis tinctive Emblem,” gives a brief account of the origin of th j movement. The Second pamphlet describes how the disabled wounded soldier is treated at orthopaedic centres in Scotland, and, in particular, the curative methods at the Scottish National Red Cross Hospital, Ballahouston. The pamphlet is well illustrated by a reproduction of photo graphs of the operating-room, the pool bath, the massageroom, the electrical room, and the radiant heat room dur ing the working hours. V F i r s t Aid has come much into prominence in the Metiopolis owing the recent air raids. Many of the City offices have been equipping their premises with bandages and such like appliances. We hope that the staffs will take the precaution to learn how to apply them. * * * S e r g t . C. H a n m e r , as will be seen by our advertise ment columns, is seeking original photographs of first aid being rendered, in order to provide new material for his Life Saving Lectures. He intends that interest in them shall be maintained, so if any readers have photographs will they submit them. * * *

No fewer than 38 Divisions of the No. 6 District attended the Memorial Services at Newcastle Cathedral. It was an impressive ceremony and proved what valuable services the S.J.A.B. has rendered during this war Some 3 1 8 members of the Brigade have lost their lives for King and country ; of these, 72 are from the Northern District..

— F I R S T

jlailwau Jlmbulance. G.W. R y . — The Great Western Railway Company award certificates annually to members of their staff render ing exceptionally meretorious first aid work, and we have pleasure in giving portraits of the gold, silver and bronze medallists who were resposible for the first, second and third cases of first aid in the order of merit during the year 1916. The premier reward was in respect of two cases of treatment rendered by Mr. H. Harper, stationmaster, Arenig ; one being a case of a dock labourer, who sus tained complicated fracture of the left leg, accompanied by severe haimorrhage and shock, and the other, that of a workman whose arm was lacerated severely by being caught in the cogs of a drilling machine. In both instances the medical men who subsequently dealt with the cases, referred in the highest 'praise to the first aid assistance afforded, and in the former case, it was stated that the treatment had undoubedly saved the man’s life and pre served the leg from injury. The silver medal was awarded to Foreman F. Withers, to treatment afforded to a private jof the Royal Defence

July, 1-917

AID. —

case testified to the exceptionally efficient character of the first aid accorded. The certificate awards were as under:— G. L. James, examiner, W hitland! W. E. Harries, Smith, Whitland; G. T. Ackrill, shunter, Didcot; J. G. Lythgoe, shunter, D idcot; C. J. Harrison foreman, D id cot; W. C. Oliver, checker, Loswithiel; * Pellow, chargeman, St. Blazey ; T. A. Rumblelow, examiner, Oxford; f H. E. Norman, foreman, Honeybourne; W. W. Osborne, porter, T yseley; T. J. Thomas, engineer, Goodwick : R. Handcock, inspector, Seven Tunnel Junction; E. J. Jones, reliefman, Corwen ; J. H. Stacey, porter, L ye; A. Jones, examiner, Cardiff; B. Harris, stationmaster, Brierley H ill; J. H. Dee, ticket collector, Gloucester; J. M. Morris, stationmaster, Henllan ; J. W. Bastin, engineer, Newton A bbott; W. Hughes, examiner, Hereford Barton.

Reviews. TH E M IN D AT W ORK. A H a n d b o o k o f A p p lie d P s y c h o lo g y . E d it e d b y G e o ffre y R h o d e s . L o n d o n : T h o m a s M u rp h y & Co.

P rice 3s. 6d. net. O n e o f th e m o st r e m a r k a b le s ig n s o f th e tim e s is a w id e r in te re s t in th e s c ie n c e o f p s y c h o lo g y . I t e n a b le s o n e to d is c e r n the w e a k p o in t s in o u r “ m e n ta l m a c h in e r y ,” a n d a c c o r d in g ly e n a b le s u s to a v o id the p it f a lls w h ic h a re the n a t u r a l o u tco m e o f th o se “ w ea k p o in t s .” T h e p re se n t h a n d b o o k e n d e a v o u rs to c o v e r m o re g ro u n d th a n is u s u a lly a tte m p te d in a s in g le w o rk , a n d it g iv e s a c o n d e n s e d b u t lu c id a n d s u ffic ie n t sta te m e n t o f the e le m e n ts o f the s c ie n c e . “ T h e M in d at W o r k ” s h o u ld be a u s e fu l v o lu m e fo r the g e n e r a l re a d e r, w h ile at th e s a m e tim e f u lf illin g the p a rt o f a text b o o k.

. H.

ar per

( W in n e r o f G o ld M e d a l).

H IN T S FO R H O S P IT A L O R D E R L IE S . B y N . C o rb e t F le t c h e r , M .B ., B .A ., B .C .(C a n t a b .). L o n d o n : J o h n B a le , S o n s & D a n ie ls s o n , L td .

P rioe 6d. net. T h e s e “ H in t s ” w ere o r ig in a lly p u b lis h e d in F I R S T A i d , b u t o w in g to p o p u la r re q u e s t th e y h a v e b e e n p u b lis h e d in b o o k form to fa c ilita t e e a s y re fe re n c e . T h e y a re c o n c is e a n d c o v e r the w h o le s p h e re o f th e g e n e r a l w o rk o f O r d e r lie s , w h ile e m p h a s is in g th e p r in c ip le s o f t h e ir im p o rt a n t d u tie s . I t c o n ta in s a n o u t lin e o f the o r ig in o f h o s p ita ls a n d o r d e rlie s . I t w ill be fo u n d m o st u s e fu l to m e m b e rs o f th e R . A . M . C . TH E

. F. W

it h e r s

( W in n e r o f S ilv e r M e d a l).

M . G . J. T r e e b y ( W in n e r o f B ro n z e M e d a l).

Corps, who was knocked down on the railway and run over by a passenger train, and although the extensive injuries sustained ultimately resulted fatally, it was the opinion of doctor called to the case, that it had been most efficiently handled, and that the treatment had prolonged life. It was added that it was unnecessary for the doctor to disturb in any way the dressings which had been applied. Ticket Collector G. J. Treeby was awarded the bronze medal for assistance to a platelayer who sustained a frac tured skull, fractured thigh and severe internal injuries as the result of being knocked down by a train Unfortunately the patient succumbed to his extensive injuries three days after the occurrence, but the surgeon who received the * Awarded certificate, 1914.

t Awarded gold medal, 1913.

PO CKET A N A T O M IC A L ATLAS. B y a L o n d o n M .B . L o n d o n :T h e S c ie n t ific P re s s , L td .

P rice is . 3d. net. T h i s A t la s c o n t a in s 9 p la t e s — s h o w in g th e s k e le to n b a c k a n d fro n t v ie w , th e a n t e r io r m u s c le s o f th e b o d y , p o s te rio r m u s c le s o f th e b o d y , s id e v ie w o f m u s c le s , a r t e r ia l sy ste m , t h o ra c ic a n d a b d o m in a l v is c e r a , a n d the n e rv o u s sy ste m . A c c o m p a n y in g e a c h p la te is a c h a rt. T h e A t la s is w e ll p r o d u c e d , a n d h a v in g in v ie w its p r ic e it s h o u ld c o m m a n d a re a d y sa le . “ B o l s o v e r St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e C l a s s ” . — Com petition for the “ Raynor Cup ” in the Bolsover Castle Grounds of Saturday, August 11 th, for Association teams. For further particulars, apply to T. Sisson, Carr Vale, Bolsover, Chesterfield.

W hen corresponding w ith Advertisers please m en tion “ First Aid.”

- F I R S T

July, 1917

AID.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY.

**c'* T 5,A,r%

The British Red Cross Society. St. John Ambulance Brigade and V.A.D. Territorial Nursing Service. Canadian Nursing Sisters. A l l th e R e g u la t io n P r ic e s a n d f u ll

H a ts, S tra w

F e lt , a re in

S t o c k r e a d y to w e a r .

p a r t ic u la r s in o u r N e w N u r s e s ' C a t a lo g u e , w h ic h s e n t p o s t f r e e o n a p p l ic a t io n .

THE REGULATION NURSES’ STRAW HATS. rE have now ready the Straw H ats for the M em bers of the British R ed Cross V o lu n tary A id

W 1

Detachm ents.

Ribbon of unique design.

It is a

N a vy

Blue Straw H at in two sizes, with N a v y Blue and W h ite

Price 6/6 and 11/6 , and l/=extra part cost of B ox, C rate and Postage.

For

Comm andants and Officers the price is, in an extra quality, 1 1/6 , with 1/= extra for B ox, C rate and Postage. Loose Ribbons, B ow s attached, for M em bers and Officers, 1/9 each.

Badges, 1/= each.

SCOTTS, , Old Bond Street, Piccadilly, W. . 1

For Nurses’ Wear.

for

Uniforms and Equipment

Y U H O L E -H E A R T E D VV a p p r e c ia t io n has be en e x te n d e d b y th e N u r s in g P r o fe s s io n to o u r N u r s e s E q u ip m e n t S e c tio n . H a r r o d s a re a p p o in t e d b y th e St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e B r ig a d e a n d B r it is h R e d C r o s s S o c ie t y , a n d a ll m a te r ia ls a n d P a t t e r n s a re a p p ro v e d th e re b y . W e w e lc o m e y o u r e n q u ir ie s a s a c o m p lim e n t to o u r u n d o u b t e d s p h e re o f u s e fu ln e ss .

V ast m o d e rn fa cto ry re so u rc e s, a d d e d to a c e n t u r y 's e x p e r ie n c e , e n a b le s u s to s u p p l y F i r s t A i d a n d a l l o th e r S e r v ic e s w it h u n if o r m s and e q u ip m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m a t e r ia ls , w o r k m a n s h ip a n d f in is h - a t p r ic e s t h a t c h a l l e n g e c o m p a r h s o n w it h a n y o th e r c lo t h in g o f e q u a l q u a lit y .

N. U.

105.— St.

John

Ambulance Regulation

P r ic e s a n d S a m p le s o n re q u e s t.

Coat and S k irt, fine B lack Serge,

16 ,

W . and O . S ., £ 3

R e ad y to w ear. Sizes S . W . ,

N IL E

STR EET,

12s. 6d.

M ade toO rder, w ith fitting, from £ 4 4s.

CITY ROAD, LONDON, N., and 4, PRINCES STREET, HANOVER SQUARE, LONDON, W.

Carriage P a id on a ll Drapery Goods.

HARRODS (W oodm an

LTD B u rb ld g e

LONDON M a n a g in g

D ire cto r)

— F I R S T

Q u e r ie s

and

A n sw e r s

AID. —

T h i s s e q u e n c e is q u ic k ly re p e a te d , a n d th e c o n v u ls io n s te n d to in c r e a s e in s e v e rit y in fa ta l c a se s. T h e c o n v u ls iv e sta g e u s u a lly ru n s its c o u rs e in a few h o u rs , a n d m a y c a u s e d e ath fio m A s p h y x ia . (2 ) C e r t a in ly , a n d w ith s u c c e s s fu l re s u lts , proviaed that a fa ta l d o se h a s n o t b e e n s w a llo w e d a n d th a t a c tio n is p ro m p t ly ta k e n . P r u s s ic A c id u s u a lly p ro v e s fa ta l v e ry q u ic k ly , shortest tim e tw o m in u te s , longest re c o rd e d fa ta l c a s e n in e ty m in u te s. I f p a tie n t is c o n s c io u s a n d a b le to s w a llo w , a d m in is t e r an e m e tic w ithout delay a n d fo llo w u p w ith s tim u la n t tre a tm e n t, a s la id d o w n in Cantlie, p. 152. Se e a ls o W hy and Wherefore in F ir s t A id , p. 7 4 .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

C o r r e sp o n d e n ts. Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules 1■ — Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner of the envelope " Q u e r y ," and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 46, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2 .— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon ” cut 1rorn the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

R . A . V . (L o w e s t o ft )— W i l l y o u p le a s e te ll m e if it is d e s ira b le o r n o t to apply Iodine on B o ric L in t ? I t is s a id th a t the a c tio n o f B o r ic A c id a n d Io d in e to g e th e r is h a r m fu l r a t h e r th a n h e a lin g , a lth o u g h I h a v e see n th is c o m b in a tio n fre e ly use d b y e x p e rie n c e d F ir s t A id e r s w ith n o a p p a re n t h a rm to the w o u n d .

3- — Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

A . C . K . ( A s h f o r d ).— P le a s e sta te y o u r tre a tm e n t o f a s n a k e b ite s u p p o s in g y o u w e re 10 m ile s fro m a n y w h e re a n d w ith n o a p p lia n c e s a t h a n d .

Io d in e is a n a n tis e p tic , a n ir r it a n t a n d a c o u n t e r- irr ita n t. F o r the first p u rp o se it s h o u ld be p a in te d on a w o u n d once and allowed to dry by evaporation b e fo re th e d r e s s in g is a p p lie d . I f it is p a in t e d o n re p e a te d ly o r if lin t s a t u ra te d w ith it is b ro u g h t in to c o n ta c t w ith a w o u n d — th e n its ir r it a n t p ro p e rtie s a re e x c ite d (q u ite a p a rt fro m a n y re a c tio n w ith B o r ic A c id ) a n d h a rm fu l r e s u lt s m a y o b ta in . R e fe r to a n s w e rs in is s u e s of la s t M a r c h a n d A p r i l a n d to A r t ic le 011 “ S t im u la n ts ,” in M a y is s u e .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

1 s h o u ld m o d ify th e G e n e r a l R u le s fo r T r e a tm e n t o f B ite s o f S n a k e s ( Cantlie , p. 106) in a c c o rd a n c e w ith the P r in c ;p le s o f F ir s t A id ( Cantlie , p. 17), a n d k n o w th a t I h a d d o n e the best I c o u ld d o u n d e r the c ir c u m s t a n c e s — the d e ta ils a n d d iffic u lt ie s o f w h ic h A . C . K . le a v e s a lm o s t e n t ire ly to m y im a g in a t io n 1— N. C

o r bet

le t c h e r

A . G . ( H ig h g a t e ) . — W it h s u s p e n d e d r e s p ir a t io n in C o lla p s e , w h a t m e th o d o f A r t if ic ia l R e s p ir a t io n do y o u re c o m m e n d ?

T H E

M u c h d e p e n d s o n the c a u s e o f C o lla p s e , w h ic h A . G . d o es n o t n a m e . H o w e v e r , S c h a c f e i’s M e t h o d - o w i n g to its e ffic i e n c y a n d e a se o f a p p lic a t io n — is n o w g e n e r a lly re c o g n is e d as the method o f choice fo r a ll c a s e s o f s u s p e n d e d re s p ira t io n . I f fo r a n y re a s o n th is m e th o d is c o n tra -in d ic a t e d , then the c o m b i n a t io n o f th e S y lv e s t e r a n d H o w a r d M e th o d s p r o v id e s a u s e fu l a lt e r n a tiv e . R e f e r to A n s w e r s in is s u e s of la s t J a n u a iy a n d M a r c h .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . E.

A I D ”

M . ( C a r d if f ) . — S h o u ld o n e a p p ly e x te n s io n w h e n bo th b o n e s a re b ro k e n , in a c a s e o f f ra c t u re d R a d iu s a n d U l n a ? If so, w h a t is the e a s ie s t p o s itio n to h o ld a rm w ith o u t in t e r fe rin g w ith th e b a n d a g in g ?

o rbet

“ F IR S T

PICTORIAL TRIANGULAR BANDAGE.

I n v ie w o f th e p r e s s in g d a n g e r o f a g g r a v a t in g the in ju ry , th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x t e n s io n b y F ir s t - A id e r s is n o t re c o m m e n d e d , a n d is m e n tio n e d in Cantlie o n ly fo r fra c t u re o f lo w e r lim b . F o r the fo re a rm it m a y be a p p lie d b y g r a s p in g the p a tie n t ’s h a n d f ir m ly — as in a handshake — u s in g r ig h t h a n d fo r h a n d fo r le ft) a n d at th e sa m e tim e k e e p in g the p a tie n t ’s e lb o w r ig h t (a n d le ft w e ll s u p p o rt e d w ith y o u r o th e r h a n d .— N . C

July, 1917.

le tch e r

Illustrating the various w ays of using the Bandage in cases of injury. Triangular Bandages can also be supplied plain, unprinted.

P . ( N o t t in g h a m ).— I s T u r p e n t in e c f a n y re m e d ia l use in the tre a tm e n t o f w o u n d s ?

Y e s . O il o f T u r p e n t in e is a n e x c e lle n t emergency a n t i s e p tic . S in c e , h o w e v e r, it is a ls o a n ir r it a n t a n d c o u n te rir r it a n t , it is w is e to s p o n g e th e w o u n d w ith a m o p o f c o tto n w o o l w ru n g o ut o f th e o il. S a n it a s is s a id to be a n a q u e o u s s o lu t io n o f c o m m o n t u r p e n tin e w h ic h h a s u n d e rg o n e o x id a tio n . — N. C

o r bet

le t c h e r

SO U TH A LL B R O S. & B I R

I N

E s t a b lis h e d

A . S. ( B r is t o l) . — (1 ) I n w h a t w a y is the b o d y a rc h e d in S t r y c h n in e P o is o n in g ? (2 ) I s it p o s s ib le to re n d e r first a id in P r u s s ic A c id P o is o n in g ? (1 ) D u r in g a S t r y c h n in e c o n v u ls io n a ll th e m u s c le s t h ro w n in to t e ta n ic c o n t r a c t io n — a m a rk e d fe a tu re in a se v e re c a s e b e in g arched back, i.e., th e w h o le b o d y is a rc h e d b a c k w a rd s u n t il h e e ls a n d h e a d o n ly a re in c o n ta c t w ith th e g ro u n d . L e s s f re q u e n t ly th e b o d y is a rc h e d fo rw a rd s o r s id e w a y s . T h e c o n v u ls io n la s ts o n e , tw o o r th re e m in u te s , th e n th e m u s c le s r e la x a n d th e p a tie n t fe e ls j e x h a u s te d , a n d p e r s p ire s fre e ly .

a re

BARCLAY, Ld , H

1820,

M anufacturers of Surgical Dressings, Fine Chem icals and Pharm aceutical Preparations. Enquiries invited.

F I R S T

July, 1917-

A I D . —

F IR S T -A ID

lODEXl

A B L A N D & P A IN L E S S

(ya4 io4 Nu*d A sep tic.

— IODINE D R E S S IN G .—

A n tise p tic .

IODEX has been supplied to :

NERVE EXHAUSTION W

A R time with its anxieties, uncertain ties, overwork, and other worries puts a heavy tax on the nervous system. And nerve exhaustion is the inevitable result. Y o u k n o w it b y th a t fe e lin g o f d e p re s s io n , a n d th a t s e n s e o f u n fitn e s s so la r g e ly p re v a le n t now . T h e n e rv e s in s u c h c a s e s n e e d s t r e n g t h e n in g — o r d in a r y d ie t w ill n o t d o it. H a l l ’s W in e g iv e s the a id re q u ire d . I t is b y e n r ic h in g th e b lo o d — b y r e s t o r in g lo st e n e r g y to the n e rv e c e lls — that H a l l ’s W in e g iv e s a fre s h fe e lin g o f h o p e a n d a n ew s e n s e o f e n e r g y a n d stre n g th . “ H a ll’s W in e has done a ll you say it w ill,” writes a patient. “ My nerves were com pletely shattered, but thanks to H a ll’s W in e I am rap id ly im p rovin g .”

H .M . F le e t S u rg e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u rg e o n s , Red C ro s s S u rg e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F ra n c a is e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F re n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

I0DEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/3. 1 0 D E X has benefitted the fo llo w in g a n d num erous other co n d itio n s. E n liP g -e d G la n d s , G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts , B u rsitis, S y n o v itis, S c ia tic a , N e u ritis, G o u t, R h eu m a to id A rth ritis, H y d ro ce le , P a ra sitic S k in D ise a se s. R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s, A cn e, B o lls. M u m p s , S p r a in s , AND A L L IN FLA M M A TO R Y CO N D ITIO N S.

L it e r a t u r e

a p p lic a t io n

Menley & James, Ltd.,

39, F a r r in g d o n R o a d ,

LONDON, E .C .

' i l l ' . He >tge r s admirable prepa>at/ n. '

1he Lancet.

Food for I n f a n t s , I n v a l i d s & the A g e d C o n s * a n t p r e s c r i p t i o n b r l e a d i n g - m e d i c a l a* t h r i t e s in E n t e r i c , a n d o t h e r f e v e r s , h a s s t a n d a r d i s e d B e n d e r 's f o r a ll i l o e s s e s i n v o l v i n g s e r i o u s d i g e s t i v e d i s t u r b a n c e . Sold in tins by C.'hemists, etc. ,every7vhcre .price 1/-, 1 6, 2 6 , 5 - & 10/BENGER’S

FOOD

Branch Offices:

I T D .. — O tte r W o rk s. M A N C H E ST E R , E ng, N ew Y o rk S y d n e-. D p 6 ts ihrou^ .K u C a n a d a .

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co The Supreme Restorative G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b o ttle o f H a l l ’s W in e to - d a y , if, a fte r t a k in g , y o u feel n o re a l b e n e fit, r e tu r n u s th e h a lf - e m p ty b o ttle a n d w e w ill re f u n d y o u r o u tla y . P v t r a I .a r v e S iz e . i / 6 .

BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE TRADE. Latest

Pattern

Khaki

Uniform s a Speciality.

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ot tAS.. uu<j., 4 6 , C annon St.. L v ' w r u o , b . L . . . to whom a l l c u u u n a n i o a u o n s snonld be aoc is e s se d

F I R S T AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE -----

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

E d ited by A RTHUR B. D A LE. No. 278.

V o l.

XXIV,

NOTICE

AUGUST, 1917. R E A D E R S.

F IR S T A ID is published on the aoth of each month. The A n n ual Subscription is 2 s . 6 d. post free ; single copies 2 d. Its aim and object being the advancem ent of A m bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the M ovem ent ar.d also welcomes suggestions for P ractical Papers. A ll R eports, & c., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily for publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisem ents and other business Com m unications connected with F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the Publishers, D ALE,

REYN O LDS 46, C a n n o n

C O .,

S tre e t,

L t d ., L o n d o n , E . C . 4.

Telegraphic Address: “ Twenty-four, London.” Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

E D IT O R IA L . directly from the recent unA ir R aids welcome visits to the Metropolis of and S tr e e t enemy aircraft comes an increasing A c c id e n ts. demand from all sorts and conditions of men and women employed in, or resident in, the danger zone for instruction in “ First Aid to the Injured.” Many of those desirous of acquiring ambulance knowledge have personally witnessed its beneficent application on behalf of the unfortunate victims of German “ hate,” and it has been plainly demonstrated to them that prompt and efficient first aid may on these occasions prove invaluable in alleviating human suffering and saving lives and limbs. Some, maybe, have had to stand helplessly by, when the possession of ambulance knowledge would have enabled them to take a useful part in succouring the injured. It is not surprising that many who have had such an experience are desirous that, should it be repeated, they may be able to take a more active and useful part in the rescue work, nor that many who were within range of the enemy aircraft, but fortunate enough to escape without injury or without witnessing the effect of the enemy bombs upon their less fortunate brothers and sisters, have resolved to make such provision as will enable them tc enlist in the ranks of mercy should unfortunate opportunity again arise. It is strange, however, that the danger which constantly R

e su lt in g

[E n tered a t Sta tioners' H a ll.)

[2/6 P e r ' A

n n u ^ P o s^ F re e

lurks in the ’streets of the Metropolis has not in itself created a more general demand for the acquisition of first aid knowledge by “ the man (or woman) in the street,” and in this connection it is interesting to have the figures recently given in the House of Commons by the Home Secretary, Sir George Cave, comparing London’s mortality in air raids and street accidents since the war began. These are as under:— K illed.

Injured.

................ 366 1,072 Air Raids Street Accidents ... 2,412 70,683 which works out at approximately seven times as many persons killed and sixty-six times as many injured in street accidents as by enemy airmen, and this despite the vigorous “ safety ” campaign which has doubtless had good effect in reducing the number of street accidents during the past twelve months. As we stated in our editorial of last month, “Humanity is for every day use,” and in view of the fact that an average of about 800 persons have been killed and about 24,000 injured in London per annum alone owing to street accidents during the period of hostilities, or about 15 killed and 450 injured per week, it is obvious that opportunity may occur any day for applying first aid for the good of one’s fellows. A wider acquisition of first aid knowledge by those who daily use the streets of London would not only result in a very considerable reduction in the amount of suffering resulting from street accidents, but possibly also in the number of cases which terminate fatally. Another effect of the timely administration of first aid, as we have often pointed out in these columns, would be a decrease in the period of disability of the injured, which, in the aggregate, would doubtless be considerable and prove a valuable addition to the working time of the country in these days when workers of all kinds are at a premium. We welcomed the “ Safety M ovem ent” for the good effect it should have in reducing the heavy toll of life and limb in the streets of the Metropolis, and submit that an equally vigorous “ First Aid M ovement” for the more general acquisition of ambulance knowledge by those using the streets of London would do much to minimise the effects of such accidents as do arise, and in these days of hurry, stress and bustle, it would appear that all too many are inevitable.

— FIRST

JJhe Grand frio rg of the Grder of the JCospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in Sttgland. AM BULANCE

She S t.

D EPA R TM EN T.

John .Ambulance S rigade.

D IS T R IC T - O R DERS. D

e p u t y

o m m i s s i o n e r

AID. —

th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e in p r o v id in g O r d e r lie s to ta k e d u t y e v e r y e v e n in g fro m 6 to 1 1 .3 0 p .m ., in c a s e it m a y be n e c e s s a r y to re m o v e p a tie n ts o n th e o c c a s io n s o f A i r R a id s . It is n o t d e s ire d th a t m e m b e rs s h a ll g iv e u p o th e r A ir R a id d u t y to u n d e rta k e th is w o rk , b u t D iv is io n s w h ic h c a n p ro v id e e it h e r a d e fin ite n u m b e r o f O r d e r lie s e v e ry n ig h t e a c h w ee k, o r u n d e rta k e to p r o v id e m en d e fin ite n ig h t s e v e ry w ee k, s h o u ld c o m m u n ic a te w ith the D e p u t y - C o m m is s io n e r . M e n w ith o u t c e rtific a te s , s p e c ia lly a tta c h e d , a re e lig ib le fo r t h is w o rk .

(Signed)

SEPTEM BER,

Headquarters :—St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.

19 1 7.

S u n d a y , 2 n d .— N o . 6 3 D iv is io n , W . H . S m ith & S o n s. „ 9 th .— N o . 64 „ Y . M . C . A , C a m d e n -ro a d . „ 16 th .— N o . 68 „ C it y o f L o n d o n . „ 2 3 rd .--N o . 72 „ B a r k in g . ,, 3 0 t h .— N o . 78 „ E n f ie ld . F r o m 2 .3 0 p .m . to 8 p .m . K e y fro m St. J o h n ’s G a te , 2 p.m .

D.O.

171.

PRESENTATION OF AMBULANCE.

MOTOR

O n T h u r s d a y , A u g u s t 2 n d , th e R t . H o n . the E a r l o f R a n f u r ly , G .C .M .G ., h a n d e d o v e r at St. J o h n ’s G a te to th e P r in c e o f W a le s ’s C o r p s , a m o to r a m b u la n c e , w h ic h h a s b e en g e n e r o u s ly p re s e n te d b y th e S h o w m e n ’s G u ild . T h i s m o to r A m b u la n c e h a s a lr e a d y p ro v e d u s e fu l on p u b lic d u t y o n A u g u s t B a n k H o lid a y at H a m p s t e a d H e a th . T h e r e is s t ill a n e e d fo r th e s e r v ic e s o f o n e o r tw o v o lu n t e e r d r iv e r s in c a s e o f s u d d e n e m e rg e n c y , a n d D iv is io n a l O ffic e rs a re a g a in a s k e d to m a k e e n q u ir ie s as to w h e th e r a n y s u c h d r iv e r s a re a v a ila b le in t h e ir D iv is io n s . I t is im p o rta n t th a t the n a m e a n d te le p h o n e n u r r b e r o f the d r iv e r s h o u ld be k n o w n in a d v a n c e at H e a d Q u a rte rs . D .O . 172. D A Y L I G H T A IR R A ID S . S te p s a re b e in g t a k e n to re o r g a n is e persorm el a v a ila b le to r e n d e r s e r v ic e in c a se o f A i r R a id s in C e n t ra l L o n d o n in b u s in e s s h o u rs . I t is n o t in t e n d e d to d is t u r b the a rra n g e m e n t s a lr e a d y m a d e fo r m e m b e rs to re p o rt to P o lic e S ta tio n s n e a r t h e ir h o m e s w h e n r a id s o c c u r o u ts id e o f b u s in e s s h o u rs , b u t m e m b e rs w ho h a p p e n to b e in o r n e a r the C it y in th e d a y tim e , a n d at a d is t a n c e fro m t h e ir h o m e s, s h o u ld s e n d to H e a d q u a r t e r s th ro u g h t h e ir D iv is io n a l O ffic e r, the a d d re s s at w h ic h th e y a re e m p lo y e d , a n d if a te le p h o n e is a v a ila b le , the n u m b e r o f s u c h te le p h o n e , a n d th e y s h o u ld a ls o sta te w h e th e r th e y w o u ld be re le a s e d fo r a ir r a id w o rk o r g a n is e d fro m H e a d q u a rte r s .

D.O.

173. AUXILIARY

MEMBERS.

P e r m is s io n w a s g iv e n o y th e C h ie f C o m m is s io n e r so m e tim e a g o to a tta c h to D iv is io n s p e rs o n s w h o h a d n o c e rtific a te s , b ut w e re w illin g a s so o n a s o p p o r tu n it y o ffere d , to q u a lif y b y o b t a in in g th e n e c e s s a r y c e rtific a te s . I t is h o p e d th a t D iv is io n a l O ffic e r s w ill a ffo rd e v e ry o p p o rtu n it y to s u c h p e rs o n s if th e y a re c o n s id e re d s u ita b le , fo r d r illin g w ith t h e ir m e n , a n d g iv e the m a lim it e d a m o u n t o f w o rk to do , p ro v id e d th a t w h e n th e y w o rk in th e stre e ts, th e y a re a lw a y s u n d e r th e c h a r g e o f a r e s p o n s ib le m e m b e r o f th e D iv is io n . I t is h o p e d jb y t h is m e a n s to in te re s t a c o n s id e ra b le n u m b e r o f s u ita b le p e o p le in th e w o rk o f the B r ig a d e , a n d to in c r e a s e th e s tre n g th o f th e D iv is io n s .

D.O.

174- WEARING

UNIFORM.

O ffic e rs in c h a r g e o f A m b u la n c e a n d N u r s in g D iv is io n s m a y , if th e y t h in k fit, g iv e p e r m is s io n in d iv id u a lly to m e m b e rs o f t h e ir D iv is io n s , to w e a r u n ifo rm d a ily in v ie w o f th e s u d d e n c a lls fo r A i r R a id w o rk . T h e D iv is io n a l O ffic e r h a s d is c r e t io n to re fu se p e r m is s io n to a n y m e m b e r to w e a r u n ifo rm e v e ry d a y i f h e o r s h e t h in k s it d e s ir a b le . M e m b e rs w e a r in g u n ifo rm m u s t n o t d e lib e r a t e ly a tte n d p u b lic g a t h e r in g s fo r th e p u rp o se o f d o in g a m b u la n c e d u ty , w ith o u t s p e c ia l p e rm is s io n b e in g o b t a in e d in e a c h ca se . I n o th e r w o rd s, it is in te n d e d th a t p e r m is s io n to w e a r u n ifo rm is to e n a b le m e m b e rs o f D iv is io n s c a r r y in g o u t t h e ir o r d in a r y o c c u p a tio n , to be re a d y fo r A i r R a id d u t y at a n y tim e o f th e d a y . 1 75 .

W. H. WINNY, Deputy- Commissioner.

W IN N Y .

Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral.

D .O .

Au g u s t , 1 9 1 7 .

O R D E R L IE S F O R S T . H O S P IT A L .

B A R T H O L O M E W ’S

T h e Hospital Authorities have requested the assistance of

IM P O R T A N T

N O T IC E .

D iv is io n a l S e c re ta rie s a re re q u e s te d w h e n s e n d in g n e w s p a p e r c u tt in g o f t h e ir m e e tin g s, e tc., to g iv e th e d a te o f p u b li c a t io n o f the n e w s p a p e rs .— E d i t o r .

No. 4 D istr ict. A s h t o n - U N D E R - L y n e .— T h e R e v . A . D . Jo h n s o n , a p riv a t e o f t h is d iv is io n , h a s b e e n a w a rd e d the M ilit a r y C ro s s fo r h is g a lla n t r y in a s s is t in g th e w o u n d e d in a c tio n in P a le s tin e .

No. 5 D istr ict. K e i g h l e y . — S e rg t. F . W . M e d le y , R . A .M . C . , w h o w as a m e m b e r o f th e B in g le y D iv is io n , h a s b e e n a w a rd e d the D .C .M . fo r h is g a lla n t w o rk a fte r th e b lo w in g u p o f H i l l 60 a n d the c a p t u re o f the M e s s in e s R id g e . A t the tim e t h is o c c u r re d h e h e ld th e r a n k o f la n ce c o r p o ra l, a n d a fte r the p r o m u lg a tio n o f th e o r d e r a n n o u n c in g th e d is t in c t io n g a in e d b y h im h e w as p ro m o te d to the r a n k o f se rg e a n t. F r o m le tte rs re c e iv e d it a p p e a rs th a t o n th e o c c a s io n o f the a tta c k tw o b ig G e rm a n s h e lls fe ll at the d r e s s in g s ta tio n d o o r c a u s in g tw e n ty c a s u a lt ie s , in c lu d in g n in e d e a th s, a m o n g the R .A . M . C . m e n . L a n c e - C o r p o r a l M e d le y w as a b se n t at the m o m e n t g e ttin g so m e c a s e s a w a y , a n d w h e n he re p o rte d w h a t h a d h a p p e n e d to th e c o lo n e l h e w a s o rd e re d to ta k e c h a rg e , a s the o n ly s u r v iv in g n o n -c o m m is s io n e d o fficer, g o t h is m e n to g e th e r th e n , a n d th e y a ll “ w o rk e d lik e n ig g e rs ” fo r a d a y a n d n ig h t w ith o u t a re s t.” T h e ru s h o f w o rk c o n t in u e d fo r fo u r n ig h t s a n d th re e d a y s , th e m e n w o rk in g in sh ifts , b u t b e in g in c h a rg e M e d le y he h a d to w o rk the w h o le tim e . M a n s f i e l d . — I t is w ith re g re t th a t w e h a v e to r e c o rd the d e a th o f M r. H . L e v ic k , h o n . s e c r e t a r y to th e d iv is io n , w h o m et w ith a fa ta l a c c id e n t at th e S h e rw o o d C o llie r y . M r . L e v ic k h a d b e e n a s s o c ia te d w ith th e a m b u la n c e m o v e m e n t in M a n s fie ld fo r a b o u t n in e y e a rs , a n d h e to o k o v e r the s e c r e t a r y s h ip in 1915. T h e lo s s o f S e rg t. L e v ic k w ill be k e e n ly felt b y a ll the m e m b e rs o f the d iv is io n , fo r h e w a s a v a lu e d h o n . s e c r e t a r y a n d a c a p a b le in s tru c to r. N o t t i n g h a m . — A t the J u ly m o n th ly m e e tin g o f the ab ove C o r p s it w a s re p o rte d th a t o v e r 2 00 c a s e s o f first a id h a d been s a t is fa c t o rily d e a lt w ith ; o n e s u r g ic a l s k u ll c a p h a d been p ro v id e d fo r a d is c h a r g e d s o ld ie r. A f u rth e r a llo c a t io n has b e e n m a d e o f tw e lv e e m e rg e n c y first a id b o x e s to d iffe re n t s ta tio n s in the c ity , fo r th e u se o f the p u b lic in c a s e o f su d d e n illn e s s o r a c c id e n t. A t th e A n n u a l H o s p it a l P a r a d e 225 o ffice rs a n d m e n a n d n o n u r s in g s is te rs o f the S .J .A .B . jo in e d in the S e rv ic e at the A lb e r t H a ll. T h e w o rk h e re c o n tin u e s to m a ke g o o d p ro g re s s , th e to ta l m e m b e rs h ip n o w b e in g 9 5 7. D u r in g th e m o n th th e m e m b e rs h a v e g iv e n 2 ,9 9 7 h o u rs to V . A . D . w o rk o f v a r io u s k in d s . T h e m o to r-c y c le a m b u la n c e s h a v e been c a lle d o ut o n s e v e ra l o c c a s io n s a n d a re d o in g u s e fu l w o rk for the C o r p s . T h s b a la n c e in h a n d , in c lu s iv e o f a ll D iv is io n s , is

^283. F E N T O N . — M a jo r Ir o n , w h o w a s a p r iv a t e in th e F e n to n D iv is io n S .J .A .B ., h a s b e e n a w a rd e d th e M .C . T h e d eed w h ic h o b ta in e d fo r h im th is a w a rd o c c u r r e d o n M a y 3 r d and w a s fo r e r e c tin g a F ir s t A id p o s t in the o n c e G e r m a n lin e and r e n d e r in g firs t a id to s e v e ra l w o u n d e d m e n a fte r th e d o c to r w h o w a s in c h a rg e o f the S ta tio n , h a d b e e n s e v e re ly w o u n d e d

August , 1 9 1 7.

— F I R S T

M a jo r Ir o n h a s b een p ro m o te d fro m C a p t a in a n d C h a p la in to th a t r a n k s in c e the w in n in g o f th e M .C . O n J u n e 19th the p r o p rie t o rs o f th e F e n t o n P ic tu r e P a la c e k in d ly g a v e tw o b e n e fit p e rfo rm a n c e s in a id o f the D iv is io n . S p e c ia l s lid e s d e p ic tin g th e B r ig a d e H o s p it a l at E t a p le s w ere sh o w n a n d g r e a t ly a p p r e c ia t e d b y the a u d ie n c e . D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r S. W . M a lk in a tte n d e d the first p e rfo rm a n c e a n d e x p re s s e d h is a p p re c ia t io n o f a ll a rra n g e m e n ts . I t is w ith d e e p e st re g re t we h a v e to r e c o rd the d e a th o f P te . W . W h it e , w h o w a s k ille d w h ile fo llo w in g h is e m p lo y m e n t as a m in e r at th e S ta ffo rd C o a l a n d Ir o n C o . T h e f u n e ra l w as o f a n im p re s s iv e c h a ra c t e r, b e in g a tte n d e d b y th e C o r p s B a n d , H a n le y D iv is io n , u n d e r S u p t. D e a v ille , a n d m e m b e rs o f th e F e n t o n D iv is io n u n d e r O ffic e r E . D u d le y . T h e co ffin w as d ra w n u p o n a lit te r b y h is fe llo w m e m b e rs a n d c o v e re d w ith the B r ig a d e flag. T h e R e v . G r a n v ille S h a rp e , M .A ., w h o is a p a tro n o f th e D iv is io n p e r fo rm e d th e la s t rit e s a n d the “ L a s t P o s t ” w a s s o u n d e d b y L a n c e - C o r p o r a l M illw a r d a n d C o r p o r a l M a rs d e n .

No. 6 D istr ic t. C l e v e l a n d . — T h e d iv is io n p a ra d e d at C a r lin H o w o n the o c c a s io n o f a d e m o n s tra tio n a n d c o m p e titio n o n J u ly 28th. D iv is io n a l S u p e r in te n d e n t M r. J o h n C h a p m a n , B ro tto n , w a s in c o m m a n d , a n d b e tw e e n 3 0 a n d 40 m e m b e rs o f the d iv is io n p a ra d e d . D r . D o n a ld s o n , C a r lin H o w , d is t r ic t s u p e rin te n d e n t a n d d iv is io n a l s u rg e o n in th e b rig a d e , w a s p re se n t. A d is p la y in a m b u la n c e w o rk w a s g iv e n , a n d in t e re s tin g c o m p e titio n s c o n d u c te d b y D r . E . J. B u rn e t t (S a lt b u r n ) a n d D r . R o b in s o n ( R e d c a r ). T h e s u c c e s s fu l c o m p e tito rs in the s q u a d c o m p e titio n w ere :— 1, N o . 7 sq u a d , S e rg t. N ic h o ls o n in c h a r g e : 2, N o . 5 s q u a d , P te . H e d le y ; 3, N o . 4 s q u a d , P te . M aso n . I n the in d iv id u a l tests tw o c o m p e tito rs tie d w ith 40 p o in ts o ut o f a p o s s ib le 50 ; th re e w ith 48 p o in ts e a c h , fiv e w ith 4 7 e a c h , a n d fo u r w ith 4 3 e a c h . T h o s e to w h o m p rize s w ere a w a rd e d w ere P r iv a t e s T a y lo r , P lu m m e r, A g a r , A p p le b y , M e a lin g , T e a s d a le , W h e atm an , H a rd y , L a v e r ic k , S e rg t. N ic h o ls o n , P r iv a t e s M a s o n a n d M c L e a n . T h e r e c r u it s ’ p riz e s w ere w o n b y P r iv a t e s P lu m m e r a n d M e a lin g . S e rg t. R e a d m a n c a r r ie d o ut the s e c r e t a r ia l d u tie s , a n d o th e r o ffic e rs w h o p a ra d e d w ere J. F a w c e tt a n d J o s e p h S w in n e rto n . T h e w e a th e r w as v e r y fin e a n d th e m e n t h o r o u g h ly e n jo y e d th e e ve n t.

No. 7 D isrict. G re a t re g re t is felt th ro u g h o u t th e D is t r ic t at th e d e a th o f D iv is io n a l S u rg e o n J o h n F . N e v ille , o f N e w p o rt, M o n . He h a d b e e n H o n . S u rg e o n to the N e w p o rt R a ilw a y D iv is io n s in c e its fo rm a tio n in 1904, a n d h a d b e e n a le c tu re r to a m b u la n c e c la s s e s fo r the p a st 20 y e a rs . S o m e y e a r s a g o he w a s e n ro lle d a H o n o r a r y A s s o c ia t e o f th e O rd e r o f St. J o h n . A t th e f u n e ra l o n 17th J u ly a s q u a d fro m h is A m b u la n c e D iv is io n a c te d a s b e a re rs, a n d th e B r ig a d e w a s re p re s e n te d b y A c t in g D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r D r . H a m ilt o n a n d m o st of th e O ffic e rs o f th e N e w p o rt C o r p s . T h e la te D r . N e v ille g a v e h is s e rv ic e s fre e ly to a m b u la n c e w o rk in N e w p o rt fo r o v e r 20 y e a rs ; h e w a s a lw a y s k in d a n d g e n ia l a n d e v e r re a d y to a s s is t a n y o n e in a d iffic u lt y . H i s lo s s w ill ,be m o u rn e d a s w e ll b y h is co m fr^ re s a s b y a la r g e s e c tio n o f th e c o m m u n ity .

No. 8 D istr ic t. M a i d s t o n e . — S in c e the in a u g u r a t io n o f the D iv is io n in A p r il, 1915, a g re a t a d v a n c e m e n t h a s b e en m a d e, b o th in n u m b e rs a n d e ffic ie n c y . I n S e p te m b e r, 19 15, th e f u ll c o m p le m e n t w a s 4 7 o ffic e rs a n d m e n , b u t the D iv is io n s n o w n u m b e rs o n its r o ll 91 o ffic e rs a n d m e n , 3 0 o f w h o m a re o n A c t iv e S e rv ic e . A t the o u tse t the D iv is io n w a s e x tre m e ly fo rtu n a te in g a in in g th e s y m p a th y a n d a c t iv e s u p p o rt o f C o u n c illo r W . H . M a r t in , J .P ., the M a y o r o f M a id s to n e w ho , a s P r e s id e n t o f the D iv is io n , u s e d h is p u b lic a n d p r iv a t e in flu e n c e to o b ta in fin a n c ia l s u p p o rt fo r the B r ig a d e , in o rd e r th a t it m ig h t be e ffe c tiv e ly e q u ip p e d . T h e p u b lic re s p o n d e d s p le n d id ly to the P r e s id e n t ’s a p p e a l, a n d w ith the p ro c e e d s o f a “ H o u s e to H o u s e ” c o lle c t io n in A u g u s t, 1916, th e D iv is io n h a s b e e n a b le to p la c e S t re t c h e r D e p o t B o x e s a n d S t r e t c h e r D e p o ts , f u lly e q u ip p e d , at c o n v e n ie n t p o in ts in the tow n.

AID. —

T h e B o r o u g h C o u n c il h a s p u b lic ly r e c o g n is e d th e D iv is io n , a n d h a s p la c e d at its d is p o s a l a b u ild in g fo r u se a s a “ C e n t r a l L it t e r S t a t io n ,” w h ic h h a s b e e n a d e q u a te ly f u r n is h e d w ith a ll r e q u ir e m e n ts fo r first a id w o rk . T h e H o n . S u rg e o n , D r . F . T . T r a v e r s , M .B ., F . R . C . S . , h a s t a k e n th e k e e n e s t in te re s t in the D iv is io n , a n d h is le c tu re s a n d p r a c t ic a l a s s is ta n c e h a v e b e e n o f th e g re a t e s t b e n e fit to m e m b e rs. D r . S o u th e y h a s a ls o g iv e n e x c e lle n t le c tu re s in t h e o ry a n d p r a c t ic e o f firs t a id . I n A u g u s t , 19 15, the D iv is io n fo rm e d it s e lf in t o a V o lu n t a r y A id D e ta c h m e n t , b e in g re g is t e r e d a s V . A . D . K e n t 55. T h e m e m b e rs a re u n d e r t a k in g t ra n s p o rt w o rk in th e v a r io u s V . A . D . H o s p it a ls o f th e D is t r ic t , a n d a c t in g a s O r d e r lie s a t th e V . A . D . H o s p it a ls . A s c h e m e is in v o g u e b y w h ic h th e to w n is p a t r o lle d b y m e m b e rs w h e n a n A i r R a id a la rm is g iv e n . T h e D iv is io n is in d e b te d to th e C h ie f C o n s ta b le , A . C . M a c k in t o s h , E s q . , w h o h a s g iv e n o r d e r s th a t A m b u la n c e O ffic e r P ic k a r d be w a rn e d b y te le p h o n e o f in te n d e d ra id . T h e D iv is io n is fo rtu n a te in h a v in g su ch a n e x c e lle n t T r a n s p o rt O ffic e r in the p e rs o n o f A m b u la n c e O ffic e r J . T . P ic k a r d , fo r p riv a t e r e m o v a ls a re o f a lm o s t d a ily o c c u re n c e . W h ile tro o p s w ere b ille t te d in th e to w n la s t w in te r, e x t r a w o rk fe ll to th e lo t o f th e D iv is io n , in d e a lin g w ith th e r e m o v a l o f s ic k s o ld ie r s fro m t h e ir b ille t s to th e M ilit a r y H o s p it a ls . P r iv a t e n u r s in g c a s e s a re a ls o b e in g t a k e n at th e re q u e s t o f m e d ic a l p r a c t it io n e r s o f th e to w n , a n d t h is D iv is io n a p p e a r s to be lik e ly to s t ill a d v a n c e u n d e r S u p t. P . W . H a w k e s to g re a t e r w o rk in th e fu tu re .

No. 11 D istr ic t. R h o n d d a F a c h , — T h i s c o r p s h a s the p r o u d d is t in c t io n o f h a v in g h a d tw o o f its m e m b e rs a w a rd e d th e M ilit a r y M e d a l a n d h a s c o n trib u t e d 1 50 m e n to th e R . A . M . C . , a ls o s e v e ra l o f the n u r s in g s is te rs a re n o w d o in g d u t y in b o th m ilit a r y a n d a u x ilia r y h o s p ita ls . T h e c o rp s h a s in a d d it io n fo rm e d a n u m b e r o f V o lu n t a r y A id D e ta c h m e n t s , r e a d y to re n d e r a s s is t a n c e in t ra n s p o r t in g a n d c o n v e y in g th e w o u n d e d to a n d fro m lo c a l h o s p ita ls w h e re v e r t h e ir s e r v ic e s a re r e q u ir e d . T h e O r d e r o f S t. J o h n h a s n o w e q u ip p e d a n d s ta ffe d s e v e n m o re h o s p it a ls in S o u th W a le s in a d d it io n to s e v e n a u x ilia r y h o s p it a ls a lr e a d y in e x is te n c e . T h e s e n e w h o s p it a ls p r o v id e 615 b e d s. The R h o n d d a F a c h C o r p s , u n d e r t h e ir a b le o ffic e rs , h a s r e n d e re d g re a t s e r v ic e in h e lp in g a n d c o n t r ib u t in g la r g e s u m s o f m o n e y to w a rd s th e h o s p ita ls . O v e r ,£ 1 ,0 0 0 h a s b e e n h a n d e d o v e r b y t h is c o rp s a lo n e . B r i t o n F e r r y . — A n in s p e c t io n a n d e x a m in a tio n o f the o ffic e rs o f the W e s t G la m o r g a n C o r p s w a s h e ld at B r it o n F e r r y o n J u ly 28th . T h e c o rp s c o n s is ts o f th e B r it o n F e r r y , B r y n , G ly n c o m v g , C r y n a n t a n d L la n s a m le t d iv is io n s , a ls o th e G ly n c o m v g L la n s a m le t a n d M o r ris t o n n u r s in g d iv is io n s . T h e in s p e c t in g o ffic e r (S u p t. M a b e r ly , o f C a r d if f ) c o m p li m e n te d th e m e n o n t h e ir w o r k a n d s m a rt a p p e a r a n c e , u n d e r t h e ir a b le le a d e r C o r p s S u p t. W h e e l. T h e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r ’s w ife ( M r s . H e r b e r t L e w is ) a ls o s p o k e o f th e g o o d w o rk b e in g d o n e b y th e c o rp s .

S ilv e r W ar B a d g e f o r V.A.D.— Miss Kathleen Browning, a member of V.A.D. Leicester No. 18, [has, through sickness, been discharged from the 5th Northern General Hospital. On the recommendation of Miss Hannath R.R.C. (the Matron) she has been awarded the Silver War Badge by the War Office.

S.E. & C. R y .— A popular concert under the auspices of the above Centre will be held on Sept. ist at the Wesleyan Central Hall, Westminster. A number of eminent artistes are engaged. The proceeds are in aid of the Brigade Hospital and No. 1 District. Tickets 2s. 6d. (reserved), is., and 6d., which can be obtained from Mr. E. A. Richards, S.E. & C. Ry., London Bridge, S.E.

— FIRST

Ambulance and First Aid in Factories and Workshops. a circular issued on July 27th, 1 9 1 7, the Home Secre tary gives notice that he proposes to make an Order— to take effect as from October ist next—requiring certain arrangements to be made in regard to Ambulance and First Aid at all factories employing 25 or more persons which belong to one or other of the following classes :—Blast turnaces, rolling mills, foundries, metal works and copper works. A supplementary Order specifies the inclusion of tinplate and terneplate works. Any objection to the proposed Order must be sent to the Secretary of State at the Home Office, Whitehall, Lon don, S.W. 1, within 21 days after the date of this notice. The objection must be in writing, and must state :— (a) The requirement in the draft Order objected to : (b) the specific grounds of objection ; and (r) the modifications asked for. Where an objection is made jointly on behalf of a number of occupiers, the names of the occupiers and their addresses must be stated, or, if the objection is made In

AID. —

Augu s t , 1 9 1 7

s h a ll c o n ta in at le a st (i.) A c o p y o f th e F ir s t A id L e a fle t is s u e d b y th e F a c t o r y D e p a rt m e n t o f th e H o m e O ffice , (ii.) T h r e e d o ze n s m a ll siz e s t e r ilis e d d r e s s in g s fo r in ju r e d fin g e rs, ( iii.) O n e d o ze n m e d iu m size s t e r ilis e d d r e s s in g s fo r in ju re d h a n d s o r feet, ( iv .) O n e d o ze n la r g e size s t e r ilis e d d r e s s in g s fo r o th e r in ju re d p a rts . (v .) O n e b o ttle o f e y e -d ro p s . (v i.) S t e rilis e d c o tto n w oo l. (3 ) N o t h in g e x c e p t a p p lia n c e s o r re q u is ite s fo r first a id s h a ll be k e p t in a “ F ir s t A i d ” b o x o r c u p b o a rd . (4 ) E a c h “ F ir s t A id ” b o x o r c u p b o a rd s h a ll b e k e p t s to c k e d a n d in g o o n o rd e r a n d s h a ll be p la c e d u n d e r the c h a r g e o f a r e s p o n s ib le p e rso n w h o s h a ll a lw a y s b e r e a d ily a v a ila b le . A n o t ic e o r n o tic e s s h a ll b e a ffix e d in e v e ry w o rk ro o m s ta tin g th e n a m e o f th e p e rs o n in c h a r g e o f the b o x o r c u p b o a r d p r o v id e d in re sp e c t o f th a t ro o m .

Ambulance Room. (5 ) I n e v e ry fa c t o ry to w h ic h t h is O r d e r a p p lie s a n d in w h ic h 500 o r m o re p e rs o n s a re e m p lo y e d , the o c c u p ie r s h a ll p r o v id e a n A m b u la n c e ro om . (6 ) T h e A m b u la n c e ro o m s h a ll be a s e p a ra te ro o m u se d o n ly fo r th e p u rp o se o f tre a tm e n t a n d re st. I t s h a ll h a v e a flo o r s p a c e o f n o t le s s th a n to o s q u a re feet a a d sm o o th , h a r d a n d im p e r v io u s w a lls a n d flo o r, a n d s h a ll be p r o v id e d w ith a m p le m e a n s o f n a t u r a l a n d a rt ific a l lig h tin g . I t s h a ll c o n ta in a t le a st :— (i.) A g la z e d s in k w ith h ot a n d

M o t o r - C y c le A m b u la n c e s o f the N o t t in g h a m C o rp s .

by an association of occupiers on hehalf of its membeis, the number of the members affected by the Order. The draft of the proposed Order is as follows :— F

acto ry

a n d

or ksh o p

e lfa r e

O r d e r , d a te d , 1 9 1 7 , m a d e b y the S e c r e t a r y o f S ta te u n d e r S e c tio n 7 (1 ) o f th e P o lic e , F a c t o r ie s , e tc. (M is c e lla n e o u s P r o v is io n s ) A c t , 1916, in r e g a r d to A m b u la n c e a n d F ir s t A id a rra n g e m e n t s at B la s t F u r n a c e s , C o p p e r M ills , Ir o n M ills , F o u n d r ie s a n d M e ta l W o rk s. In p u r s u a n c e o f S e c tio n 7 o f th e P o lic e , F a c t o r ie s , etc. (M is c e lla n e o u s P r o v is io n s ) A c t , 1916, I h e r e b y m a k e the fo llo w in g O rd e r, a n d d ire c t th a t it s h a ll a p p ly to a ll fa c t o rie s in th e fo llo w in g c la s s e s :— B la s t fu rn a c e s , c o p p e r m ills , ir o n fo u n d rie s , m e ta l w o rk s .

F ir s t A id . (1 ) I n e v e ry fa c t o ry to w h ic h t h is O r d e r a p p lie s a n d in w h ic h 25 o r m o re p e rs o n s a re e m p lo y e d , the o c c u p ie r s h a ll p ro v id e , in r e a d ily a c c e s s ib le p o s itio n s , “ F ir s t A i d ” b o x e s o r c u p b o a r d s in th e p ro p o rtio n o f at le a st o n e to e v e ry 1 50 p e rs o n s - I n c a lc u la t in g the n u m b e r o f “ F ir s t A i d ” b o x e s o r c u p b o a rd s r e q u ir e d u n d e r t h is p r o v is io n a n y o d d n u m b e r o f p e rs o n s le s s th a n 1 3 0 s h a ll be re c k o n e d as 130. (2 ) E a c h “ F ir s t A id ” b o x o r c u p b o a r d s h a ll be m a rk e d :p la in ly w ith a w h ite c r o s s on a re d g ro u n d , a n d

c o ld w a te r a lw a y s a v a ila b le , ( ii.) A ta b le w ith a sm o o th top. ( iii.) M e a n s fo r s t e r ilis in g in s tru m e n ts . ( iv .) A s u p p ly o f s u ita b le d r e s s in g s , b a n d a g e s a n d s p lin ts , (v .) A c o u c h , (v i.) A s tre tc h e r. (7 ) W h e r e p e rs o n s o f b o th se x e s a re e m p lo y e d , a rra n g e m e n t s s h a ll be m a d e at the A m b u la n c e ro o m fo r fo r t h e ir s e p a ra te tre a tm e n t. (8 ) T h e A m b u la n c e ro o m s h a ll be p la c e d u n d e r the c h a rg e o f a q u a lifie d n u rs e , o r o th e r p e rso n , t ra in e d in F ir s t A id , w h o s h a ll a lw a y s be re a d ily a v a ila b le a n d s h a ll k e e p a r e c o rd o f a ll c a s e s o f a c c id e n t a n d s ic k n e s s tre a te d at th e ro om .

Ambulance Carriage. (9 ) A t e v e ry fa c t o ry to w h ic h t h is O r d e r a p p lie s a n d in w h ic h 50 0 o r m o re p e rs o n s a re e m p lo y e d , th e o c c u p ie r s h a ll, fo r th e p u rp o s e o f th e re m o v a l o f s e r io u s c a s e s o f a c c id e n t o r s ic k n e s s , p ro v id e on th e p re m is e s a n d m a in ta in in g o o d c o n d it io n a s u it a b ly c o n s t ru c te d a m b u la n c e c a r r ia g e , u n le s s h e h a s m a d e a rra n g e m e n t s fo r o b ta in in g s u c h a c a r r ia g e w h e n r e q u ir e d fro m a h o s p ita l o r o th e r p la c e in te le p h o n ic c o m m u n ic a tio n w ith the fa cto ry . (1 0 ) T h i s O r d e r s h a ll co m e in to fo rc e o n O ct. is t , 19 17.

Copies of the draft Order—price id. each (by post, ijd .) — may be obtained from H.M, Stationery Office, Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C. 2.

August, 1917.

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JOHN

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. Lady Perrott. We have great pleasure in publishing on this page the latest photograph of the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Lady Perrott's interest in everything connected with the Order and its foundations is too well-known to need any detailed notice in our columns. As Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Lady Perrott

Photo iy]

[E llio tt d e F ry , L td . L

ady

e r r o tt

does everything possible to ensure the well-being of the members of the Brigades. Women’s Voluntary Aid Detach ments, serving at home and abroad, and to this end she has carried out frequent inspections, including several in France. In the latter instances Lady Perrott has stayed at the Brigade Hospital, Etaples, on each occasion, and the outcome of her last visit has.been the inauguration of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital Supply Depot, Halkyn House, Belgrave-square, which owes its inception to her initiative, and of which she is Vice-Chairman and Honorary Superintendent, a position which has greatly added to the strenuous war work upon which she is already engaged.

General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee to County Directors. I

you the following for your information:— The Railway Executive Committee have agreed to sanction the issue, once every six months for the purpose of Leave, third-class double-journey for single-fare voucher, to all fully qualified nurses, masseuses, and probationers, engaged whole time at hospitals and other formations other than those where railway concessions on leave are already provided for by the War Office. By “ probationers ” is meant, only those V.A.D. members in possession of First Aid and Home Nursing certificates. For this purpose, the word “ probationers ” is intended to include officers of detachments. These Special Leave Vouchers will only be issued from the headquarters of the Joint War Committee to County Directors, who are asked to apply for books of the same direct to Mr. Harold Wilkins, Room 51, 83, Pall Mall. General Service members must not be provided with these Leave Vouchers (unless they are in possession of the necessary certificates). The County Director is empowered to pay half the Leave travelling expenses of a General Service member giving whole time service, where necessary, from County Funds or through his Grant-in-Aid from headquarters. No further concession regarding travelling to and from duty has been made. These vouchers will still be issued as heretofore. We are asked to bring to your notice the publication of Miss Bowser’s book on “ V.A.D, work during the Great War. It has been pointed out that in some counties General Service members are posted to Military Hospitals under somewhat lax conditions, with the result that rather a large number of them prove to be unsatisfactory and do not stay at their posts. County Directors are asked to see that all General Service members prior to being posted or to having their papers forwarded to Devonshire House (a) Shall be interviewed by a responsible woman, approved by the County Director, who will send him a written report giving her general impression of the candidate and stating whether she considers her of a suitable type. (£) Shall have three references taken up, Forms J.W. 33a and J.W. 151a to be used. It is particularly necessary that a business reference should, when pos sible, be taken up. (c) Shall have authorised Medical Certificate filled in. All the above mentioned Forms can be obtained from Devonshire House, together with Forms for the reports of interviews. When the papers of General Service members are for warded to Devonshire House, it is hoped that the report of the interview may be sent in attached to the Qualification Form. send

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County Directors are asked in the future to make all Postal Orders or Cheques in payment of Uniform Certifi cate Cases payable to the Chief County Director, and not as heretofore to the Secretary of the Joint V.A.D. Committee. Mr. Pearson has now gone on Active Service. During the recent air raid in London one of our Orderlies found himself somewhat handicapped for lack of the following equipment :— (a ) Prepared dry dressing ready to be put on wounds. (b) A ring-pad ready for use. (c) A gas mask. It is suggested that County Directors of those Counties which are liable to air raids might think it advisable to issue instructions to their Commandants that orderlies are, in the future, to be provided with this additional equipment. Miss Swift, Matron-in-Chief Joint War Committee asks me to inform you that the Finance Committee has decided that after the expiration of one year’s consecutive service with the Joint Societies, the rate of pay of all Nurses should be automatically increased to date from July ist, 1917, and to apply to all Nurses on the Pay Roll on June 30th, 1916. Nurses are allowed two weeks’ holiday during the year, exclusive of the days they are travelliug; extra leave taken renders a Nurse ineligible for the above increase of salary. Yours faithfully, C

h i l s t o n

Chief County Director.

V.A.D. 7 he

News.

follow in g notes arc k in d ly supplied a n d edited by V .A .D . H eadquarters D epartm en t op the Joint V .A .D . Committee an d ■will appear m onthly u nd er the above heading . — ' E d i t o r .

V.A.D. probationers on whole-time service will be pleased to learn that the Railway Executive Committee have agreed to sanction the issue, once every six months, for the purposes of leave, of a third-class double-journey for single-fare voucher, to all fully-qualified nurses, masseuses, and probationers, engaged whole time at hospitals and other formations other than those where railway concessions on leave are already provided for by the War Office. By “ probationers” is meant only those V.A.D members in possession of First Aid and Home Nursing certificates. These special leave vouchers will only be issued from Headquarters to County Directors. General Service members (unless they are in possession of the abovementioned certificates) must not be provided with their leave vouchers; but the County Director is empowered to pay the leave travelling expenses of a General Service member, where necessary, from county funds or through his Grant-in-Aid from Headquarters. No further con cession regarding travelling to and from duty has been made. * * * The friends and pupils of Miss Muncaster, Official Instructress of the Joint V.A.D. War Committee in the duties of General Service in Military Hospitals, and in the administration of Military Hospital Kitchens, late Assistant County Director T.F.A., Co. of London, and late Com mandant 12 Cumberland V.A.D. will congratulate her on

AMBULANCE

GAZETTE. —

August, 1917.

her appointment, by the Director-General, Army Medical Service, to be Inspector of Kitchen Management and Kitchen Economies in Military Hospitals. Her head quarters are at the War Office, where she has taken up her duties. Miss Muncaster intends to carry on her courses of training, and has recently given one to a large number of V.A D. members in the East Riding of Yorkshire. *** We have pleasure in inserting the following announce ments at the request of the National Health Society :— “ Women desirous of preparing for the following appointments :— Lady Factory Inspectors, Sanitary Inspectors, Health Visitors, Superintendents Infant Welfare Centres (“ Saving the Children”), are requested to communicate at once with Miss Lankester at the National Health Society, 53, Berners-street, W. 1. “ The attention of all educated women is drawn to the necessity of immediate training to fill the important positions in Public Health Work now open to them ; the present demand for fully-trained women being greatly in excess of the supply. “ The Society provides a full Course of Training for these appointments. The Diploma of the N.H.S. is recognised by the Local Government Board. “ The next Training Course will commence in September. Early application should be made to the Secretary, National Health Society, 53, Berners-street, W. 1.” *** The following extract is from a letter written by the Red Cross Commissioner in Malta, Major Ashley, refer ring to the transfer of four V.A.D. cooks from Malta to Salonika. The appreciation of their work in Malta is most encouraging :— “ Before their departure they lunched with Mrs. Ash ley, myself, and other members of the staff, and I was very pleased to have been given an opportunity of saying a few words of thanks in appreciation of the very excellent work they had done on this island. I can assure you I am excedingly proud of the personn el which you have so kindly sent for invalid diet kitchen work at the hospitals on this island. Their conduct and discipline during the time they have been engaged at Malta has been splendid. They have had a hard up-hill fight, as this branch of our work in its infancy was not understood, neither was it given any real support. By their devotion to work, the cooks not only successfully overcame all opposition, but in the end received the wholehearted support of the doctors and nurs ing staffs. I think the fact that four of the hospitals leaving Malta for Salonika asked that the cooks which had been attached to them here should proceed to Salonika as part of their unit, proves the appreciation and value of their work from a medical standpoint, and it further speaks very highly for those who have worked so magnificently in the kitchens here.” * * * The County Director for Dorset asks us to correct a mis-statement in the obituary notice of Miss Emily M. Elwes, which appeared in the June number of this journal. We were informed that she died of cerebro-spinal menin

August, 1917.

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gitis, caught through nursing a soldier in a Bournemouth V.A.D. H ospital; whereas, as a matter of fact, she con tracted this illness at the Wessex Military Hospital and not at the only V.A.D. Hospital in that town, which is at Crag Head.

V A “ County Secretary ” is as dissatisfied with her hat as are the Commandants and V.A.D. members who have addressed us on this vexed question of uniform. She writes :— “ Everybody grumbles at the V.A.D. hats, but the County Secretaries’ and Assistant County Directors’ hats are even less becoming than those of the V.A.D ’s. Is there any reason for the heavy cloth binding round the brim ? It seems quite unnecessary, and is neither useful nor ornamental. The cloth band round the crown would be sufficient distinction. We have passed on her letter to the Uniform Committee. * * * V.A.D. members will be'eager to read Miss Thekla Bowser’s recently published book which has been written under the fullest official opportunity, “ The Story of British V.A.D. in the Great War.”* Miss Bowser, as doubtless many of our readers are aware, is a serving sister of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and saw active service in France, until a serious illness forced her to take a prolonged rest. Her book, the introduction to which is from the pen of the Hon. Arthur Stanley, “ constitutes the first attempt that has been made to give the story of the great organization which, beginning before the war, found its opportunity at the beginning of that great cataclysm, and has since become in its extensive ramifications one of the most useful as it is one of the most ameliorative forces now at work.” This valuable record should attract a wide circle of readers, and we heartily congratulate Miss Bowser on the successful completion of her labours. * * ★ Death has claimed its toll of five most valued mem bers of this organisation, since our last Roll of Honour list was published, and we offer deep and respectful sympathy to those who have to mourn their loss. First we have to record with much regret the death of two members of Surrey 36. Miss Edith Bolton worked at St. George’s Hill Military Hospital, Weybridge. She had recently learnt to bicycle, and collided with a motor-van, receiving injuries from which she died on the following day, June 6th. Miss Dorothy Stevenson died on June 29th, after some weeks’ illness. At the outbreak of the war she took the I.S.T.M. course and examination for massage and worked, with only the occasional holidays allowed, until she was obliged to give up owing to illness. She was very keen and happy in her work. The Commandant of Surrey 36 writes :— “ Both girls were splendid workers, besides being delightful personalities, and they will be badly missed.” Miss Lilian Edith Chinn, Somerset 112, was posted in September, 1916, to the Devonport Military Hospital, where she died on June 24th of tubercular meningitis, after an illness of three weeks, she was the daughter of Mr. Walter Chinn, of Middlezoy, near Bridgwater. Mrs. Elizabeth Tough, Warwick 70, had been working for some considerable time on night duty at the Coventry * A n drew M elrose, L td ., 3, York-street, Covent G arden, W .C . 2. Price 3s. 6d. net.

JOHN

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

and Warwickshire Hospital. She was on duty regularly til within two days of her death on Sunday, June 10th. The funeral on June 13th at Coventry was attended by a num ber of members of Warwick 70. V.A.D. Yorks 66 has sustained a severe loss in the death of Miss Edith Taylor, daughter of the late Dr. J . W. Taylor and of Mrs. Taylor, Rothsey House, Scarborough, a sister-in-law of Dr. Salter, Commandant of the Detachment. Miss Taylor contracted pneumonia during the time she was employed at the Scarborough Military Hospital, and passed away on June 5th, after a few days’ illness. She was one of the most valued members of the Detachment, and will be greatly missed by those amongst whom she worked with unfailing devotion and kindness. She was buried in the Scarborough Cemetery with military honours. * * * The County Director of Bedfordshire writes : — “ I noticed in the last issue of the R e d C ross the names of a number of ladies who had lost their lives whilst working for the Red Cross. Would you please add the following names :— Miss M. Wood and Miss M. H. Shaw, V.A.D. Bedfordshire 2. Both these ladies lost their lives from measles contracted whilst nursing soldiers in the Military Hospital in Bedford. There was a bad epidemic here in 1915, and a number of V .A .D .’s volunteered their services.” * * * 986 members have been posted during the five weeks from the 27th June— 31st July, allocated as follows :— A

o m e

—

I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s In N a v a l „ „ I n A u x ilia r y „ „ A

bro ad

...............................................

375 35

...............................................

—

I n M ilit a r y „ „ N o t in W a r d s ............................................................................ U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e , N u r s in g .................................

„

Non-Nursing ...

G e n e r a l S e rv ic e M e m b e rs in M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s „ „ „ N aval „ „ A u x ilia r y „ „ T o ta l

J45 * 27

37 105 11 102 98 6

The total number of members now at work is 9,474, allocated as follows:— A

o m e

—

I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s

„

In N a v a l

„

I n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a ls A

bro ad

G e n e r a l S e r v ic e

5. 31' 583 37

G e n e r a l S e r v ic e

10 756

—

I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a ls U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e

2,16 1 616

9,474

721 new applications for Nursing and General Service have been received during the past five weeks. Owing to the fact that the number of postings recorded in this issue cover five weeks, a comparison with the pre vious month’s totals is hardly fair. The chief point of interest is, however, that the total number of members at work has considerably increased. It is an excellent sign to see that the Naval Hospitals are now employing V .A .D .’s, as there is every reason to hope that they will make themselves as necessary as they

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have in the Military Hospitals, and will pave the way for greater activity in our units. 1 he duties and the scope of the Commandants increase in proportion to the postings, as it is through them that the new members can learn the value of organi sation and become cognisant of the traditions of the Order, and it is earnestly hoped that they will keep in touch with their members and help them to realise the meaning of their uniform.

How to Form First Aid Classes.

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

August, 1917.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Chancery o f the O rd er, St. fo h n 's Gate, Clerkenw ell, London, E .C ., J u l y 30th, 1 9 77.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :—

F i r s t aid has long ago proved its value, but it is only the A s K n ig h t o f fusticc (fro m K n ig h t o f G race ) : atmosphere created by the greatest war of all time strongly impregnated with the ever present threat of air raids that The Earl of Donoughmore, K.P. has caused it to obtrude itself into the everyday life A s K n ig h ts of Grace : of a large section of the population. In this respect the Surgeon-General Michael Thomas Yarr, C.B. war has done more in a few hours than a most active pro Major Alfred Stephen Collard (from Honorary Serving paganda could accomplish in many months. Brother). There is now a considerable demand for a first aid Major Lionel Maling Wynch. classes, but those who are anxious to undergo the instruc Lieut.-Colonel Harry Edwin Bruce Bruce-Porter, C.M.G., R.A.M.C.(T). tion are often quite ignorant how to set about obtaining it. The classes of the St. John Ambulance Association A s Lad ies o f G ra c e : are organised under “ centres,” where such exist, or by Edith Louise Julie, Lady Rogers. means of “ detached classes.” In the case of the former, Alice, Lady Ruffer. information can always be obtained on application being Elisa Mercedes, the Hon. Mrs. Hubert Beaumont. made to the local honorary secretary, but in regard to the Lorna Ethel, Mrs. Atkinson. latter, communications must be addressed to the Chief A s H o n o ra ry S ervin g Sisters : Secretary, St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E C. 1. Katherine Jane Altamont, Miss Symthe. Anyone can form a detached class, provided he or she Florence Ann, Mrs. Loftin. registers it at St. John’s Gate. The Countess of Stradbroke. The Association is an educational body, and attend F o r E n ro lm e n t as H o n o ra ry Associate : ances at the classes which it organises does not necessarily Irene, Mrs. Langridge. involve liability to join the St. John Amulance Brigade or a Voluntary Aid Detachment, although of course every A s D o n a t (B ro n ze B a d g e ): encouragement is given to those who desire to do so to Florence, Miss Piza. enrol in one or the other of these, thereby ensuring that the knowledge which they have gained will be retained. Anybody who wishes to form a class must collect the names of a convenient number of pupils, usually about 25. The Lancashire Constabulary. The expense to the individual will vary according to whether the numbers are above or below this figure; but class secre No communities are so susceptible to the influence of taries must see that the charge for admission to the lec Progress as are the Police Forces. “ Efficiency ” is their tures is sufficient to cover the probable expenditure. watchword and anything tending thereto is sure to receive Having collected a suitable number of names, applica encouragement. It is not surprising, therefore, that First tion should be made to the Chief Secretary, who will cause Aid finds an important place in the Police curriculum. the necessary instructions and forms to be forwarded with Anyone who was fortunate enough to be present at the out delay. Physiological diagrams, splints, etc., can be Metropolitan Police Fete held at the Botanical Gardens hired from the Association, and books and bandages will towards the middle of July cannot but have been impressed issued on sale or return. with the efficiency shown by the competitors and the For the purposes of examination a class is reckoned to interest displayed by the public in the First Aid Com consist of 30 candidates. petitions. Still more must they have remarked the The important rules for class secretaries to remember encouragement which the study of the subject receives are :— (a ) The course consists of six lectures, attendance at from the Chiefs of the Police Service. It is only fit and proper that the Metropolitan Police five of which qualifies candidates for admission to the Force should set an example in such matters, but that they examination. have rivals is shown by the facts which we are enabled to {!>) The instruction must be given by a member of the publish in connection with the subject of these few notes, medical profession. viz., the Lancashire Constabulary. (c) Mixed classes of males and females not allowed. The nominal strength of 'this fine force is 2,116. Of these some 400 are now serving with the Colours, and The results of the First Aid Classes for men, recently with the ordinary vacancies the actual strength at the date held at St. John’s Gate have been so satisfactory that it of the last annual return was 1,608. Of this number 1,169 has been decided to organise a second series, commencing have passed the first examination, 198 the second, and October 2nd and subsequent Tuesdays at 6 p.m. The 134 the third, making a total of 1,501 members qualified lecturer will be Dr. Corbet Fletcher. Full particulars can to render first aid, in addition to the 400 now serving with be obtained on application to Mr. Pierce at St. John’s Gate. the Colours almost all of whom are fully trained.

August, 1917.

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All sergeants and constables who hold Ambulance Certificates are permitted by the Chief Constable (Mr. H. P. Lane, M .V .O ) to wear the badge of the Association suitably adapted, on the left sleeve of the uniform tunic above the elbow, and this is a privilege which we believe is widely appreciated. Of the many meritorious cases of First Aid rendered by members of this Constabulary during the last year the following will commend themselves to all First Aiders, as good examples of a display of those qualities, the possession or acquisition of which, is so strongly advocated in Chapter I. of the Text-book. At 6 p m. on February 15th, 1917, P.C. 677 Sherlock received information that a young man had fallen down the Cliffs at Bispham and was crying for help. The Constable ran to the foreshore, obtaining a stretcher and surgical haversack on his way, and on arrival found the man lying at the foot of the cliffs, which at that point are about 80 ft. high. P.C. Sherlock hiving examined the man and

JO H N

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

years, I could not have carried out those duties in a more satisfactory manner than the constable carried them out that evening. Furthermore, everything had to be done by torchlight.” At 6.45 a.m., on March 28th. 1916, P.C. 631 Moseley received information that Alice Gisborne, a widow, of Alexandra Hotel, Brighton-road, Waterloo, had been found unconscious, evidently owing to gas poisoning. The constable rushed to the Hotel and found Gisborne lying apparently dead on the floor. He at once caused all the windows and doors to be opened, unloosened the woman’s clothing and commenced to use artificial respiration. The woman was very nearly dead, being black in the face, but the policeman continued his efforts to restore animation, and after about one hour was successful in his persevering efforts. Dr. Glover afterwards arrived and administered strychnine, and the patient was then conveyed to Bootle Borough Hospital.

Greymoulh Nursing Division of the Canterbury and West Coast District, St. John Ambulance Brigade, within the Dominion of New 2ealand. found him to be suffering from a fractured shin (tibia) and shock, treated the fractured bone with splints and bandages and afterwards dealt with the symptoms of shock. With the assistance of civilians, the constable placed the man on the stretcher, carried him to the top of the Cliffs and afterwards removed him to the Victoria Hospital, Blackpool. The injured man stated that while walking along the Cliffs he slipped and fell over and had lain where he was found for about an hour. Dr. Johnson, who arrived before the man’s removal to Hospital, writes:—“ I feel it my duty to write expressing my views as to the way P.C. Sherlock attended to the man who was found injured at the foot of the Cliffs at Bispham. In the first place the constable’s diagnosis was good a» to the broken leg, and, secondly, he placed the limb in splints and bandages in a manner which will always remain a credit to him, and, thirdly, the way in which he manipulated the stretcher up the Cliffs Although I am an examiner and lecturer in First Aid, and have been for a good many

Dr. Glover, writes :— ‘ This morning I was called in to the Alexandra Hotel, to see Alice Gisborne who had been found unconscious in her bed with the gas turned on. P.C. Mosely had arrived earlier on the scene ; opened the windows, laid her on the landing floor, and was engaged upon artificial respiration, which ended in her commencing to breathe. H e had been so engaged for almost an hour. I administered a hypodermic of strychnine and digitalin and had her removed to Hospital. The constable is to be highly commended as it is solely due to his prompt action that the woman is alive.” Though this short article deals with the Constabulary at home the Police Forces abroad are no whit behind those of the Mother Country. In all parts of the world ambulance teaching is encouraged among the Police. In Western Australia, for instance, 96 per cent of the men are qualified in First Aid, and recently enquiries have been received on the subject from such an out of the way outpost of the Empire as Nairobi.

— F IR S T

Notes

and

A ID

THE

ST.

News.

The next examination in First Aid and Home Nursing for Demonstrators’ Certificates will take place as under in the event of sufficient candidates being forthcoming :— London, Manchester, Birmingham, Dublin, Belfast— September ist. Cardiff—September 3rd. Newcastle and Leeds—September 6th. Liverpool, Southampton and Bristol— not yet fixed.

V Holders of Demonstrators’ certificates resident in the metropolitan area, who are prepared to assist the members of the medical profession in the instruction of classes under the rules of the Association, are invited to communicate their telephone numbers to the Chief Secretary. *** As some doubt exists as to the method of flying the Red Cross flag over auxiliary hospitals the following extracts from the regulations may be of interest to our readers :— Geneva Convention , 1906, article 21. “ It (the distinctive flag of the Convention) must be accompanied by the national flag of the belligerent to whom the unit or establishment belongs.” F ie ld Service Regulations, P a r t I I . , 1909, p a r. 85, 2.

“ The flag of the Geneva Convention (a red cross on a white ground) flying above the national flag of the belligerent.” F ie ld Service Regulations, P a r t I I , 1909 {reprinted w ith amendments 1 9 /3 ), p a r. 9 8 2.

“ The distinctive flag of the Geneva Convention (a red cross on a white ground) flying alongside the national flag of the belligerent.” W a r Office Letter 8 3 /7 1 5 { A M D ) , A u g u st 13th, 1914.

“ In all cases where the Red Cross flag is flown over such establishment, the Union Jack must be flown along side of or below it.” The conclusion is that where facilities exist the two flags should be flown side by side, but if for any reason this is not possible then the Red Cross flag should be flown above the Union Jack. The attention of all concerned is invited to a Welfare Order which has been issued by the Home Office in con nection with the Police and Factories Act of last year, reference to which was made in paper 112. The new instructions make it compulsory on October ist next for ambulance and first aid arrangements to be made at all factories of the following classes employing 25 or more persons,— Blast Furnaces. Foundries. Metal Works. Iron Mills. Copper Mills. This order will impose obligations on the occupiers of these works in respect of the provision and maintenance of first aid boxes or cupboards, and in the case of factories employing 500 or more persons the provision and main tenance of an ambulance room (in charge of a trained attendant) and ambulance carriage. A circular on the subject has been despatched to the honorary secretaries of all centres of the Association, but all those who are interested can help in bringing home to employers of labour the manner in which the Association and Brigade can assist them in this matter. **.* We have much pleasure in announcing that Miss F.

JO H N

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

August, 1917

Babbington, No. 12 District, S J.A.B., who has been work ing at Ismail on the Danube, has been awarded the Russian Order of St. George, 4th class, which, in some respects, is equal to our Victoria Cross. We beg to offer Miss Babbington our heartiest con gratulations. * * * Separate first aid classes for men and women have been arranged to commence on Thursday, September 6th, and will be continued on each subsequent Thursday throughout the winter at the Eustace Miles Restaurant, 40, Chandos-street, W. (one minute from Charing Cross and the Trafalgar-square Tube). Fee for admission, including examination, 4s. Applications for admission should be addressed to Miss Fraser Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, S.W.3.

In recognition of services rendered by the St. John Ambulance Brigade for many years on Bank Holidays in open spaces near London, where booths and shows are erected, the Showmen’s Guild presented a motor ambulance to the Prince of Wales’ Corps, No. 1 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade, at St. John’s Gate, on the ist inst. The car is equipped with two stretchers, and provides seating accommodation for four persons. The Rev. T. Horn, Chaplain of the Showmen’s Guild, in handing over the car to Lord Ranfurly (the Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order) said that the showmen of Great Britain had provided twelve others in various centres for the use of wounded soldiers. Lord Ranfurly gratefully accepted the gift, and stated that the car would make its appearance on Hampstead Heath on August Bank Holiday. Mr. Winny, Deputy Commissioner of No. 1 District, expressed the thanks of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The mail which has arrived as we go to press brings the report of the annual meeting of the Indian Branch of the Association, which was held at Simla on the 27th of June. His Excellency the Viceroy presided and a large and brilliant gathering was present. The Commander-in-Chief, in the course of a most interesting speech, suggested the inauguration of a system of lady visitors in the hospitals in which the sick and wounded are accommodated, and the establishment of an agency at the big railway junctions for the assistance of soldiers passing through. He drew attention to the expan sion of the work of the Association and quoted the follow ing remarkable facts as evidence thereof 39 new Provincial and other Centres have been established during the year. Membership has risen from 3,000 to 7,500. 20,378 persons have attended the various courses organised by the Association as against 14,429 in 1916. 9,741 second Certificates and Medallions have been issued compared with 7,383 last year. His Excellency the Viceroy referred to the great im provement which has taken place in the arrangements for the treatment of the sick and wounded in Mesopotamia, a result in no small measure due to the efforts of the Joint Committee of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society. In conclusion, he warmly congratulated Sir Pardy Lukis and the Committee on what had been accomplished since the last meeting. We hope in a subsequent number to deal more fully with this Report.

— F I R S T

August, 1917.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. E

d it o r ia l

—

Air Raids and Street Accidents ... D

ist r ic t

epo rts

—

No. 1 ; No. 4 ; No. 5 No. 6 ; No. 7 ; No. 8 ; No. 11

...

Ambulance and First Aid in Factories and Workshops T

S t . Jo

h n ’s

m bu lan ce

a ze tt e

—

Lady Perrott ... General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee to the County Directors

V.A.D. News ...

How to form First Aid Classes

...

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England

The Lancashire Constabulary

Notes and News

Brevities ... Police and First Aid Competitions Queries and Answers to Correspondents

3,371 3,244

••• 3 7 per cent. 1915 ••• 2,716 ... 16.2 „ 1916 ... 2,411 ... io'9 „ Statistics in respect of casualties on other railways last year are, we understand, not yet available, but in regard to the previous year it may be recalled that while the number of accidents on all railways in the United Kingdom indicated •••

a decrease of 3 1 percent, as compared with the preceding year, the Great Western total showed a reduction of 162 per cent. *** T h e annual report on the accounts of Red Cross Auxiliary Hospitals at home made for the Joint War Com mittee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John by Mr. Basil E. Mayhew, F.C.A., Secretary of the Joint Finance Committee, has been submitted to the Army Council and published. These hospitals are main tained by War Office grants, grants-in-aid from the central Red Cross organisation, and local contributions. Last year the accounts of 815 hospitals were presented; this year 1,038 have been received, of which 982 are published in the report, the remaining 56 including 16 Civil Military Hospitals and 40 from which accounts were rendered in a form not capable of classification. All the counties have, with one exception, adopted a standard form of accounts, which enables closer and more accurate comparison to be made.

We have frequently referred to the “ safety ” movement and particularly to the relationship between “ safety ” and “ first aid," and our readers will no doubt be glad to have some information as to the effect of the adoption of the safety movement upon the number of accidents to employees on one of our railways which has fostered the movement for some years. A “ safety” campaign was opened on the Great Western Railway through the medium of the official staff journal about four years ago— in fact we think we are right in stating that that Company introduced the movement into this country— and below are set out the number of accidents occurring annually from 1913 to 1916, from which it will be seen that there has deen a substantial decrease year by year since the innovation of the “ safety ” movement, notwithstanding that during the period of the war this railway, in common with others, has been called upon to carry increased traffic and to engage a number of more or less untrained employees, who would be more susceptible to accident:— No. of Accidents. Decrease. 1914

—

Brevities.

1913

A I R

total cost of the 982 hospitals dealt with amounted to ^ 2,205,085 in 1916, and the cost of main tenance to ^ 1,997,404. War Office capitation grants towards maintenance total ^ 1,530,144, and the voluntary contributions ^ 674,940. The War Office contribution represents 76 per cent, of maintenance cost and 69 per cent, of total cost. Rents and rates have not been brought into the accounts in every case. Had they been included the voluntary contributions of ^ 6 7 4 ,9 4 0 (31 per cent.) would have been much exceeded, and, of course, all the figures ignore the value of voluntary service. The net surplus of funds (excluding county funds and private hos pital funds) at December 31st was ^ 185,618. The man ner in which the accounts are presented affords an oppor tunity of comparing the costs -at the smaller with those of the larger hospitals. The figures show that the larger the hospital the more economically it can be run. The one important exception is in the cost of surgery and dispensary, which is mainly due to the fact that the larger hospitals take the more serious cases. Copies of the report (price 3s.) can be obtained on application to Room 46, 83, Pall Mall, S.W. 1. T

h e

* * * A r e a d e r in France, who is a member of a bearer company, suggests that all members of the Brigade serving with the British Forces should be allowed to wear a badge showing that they are members of the S.J.A.B. H e points out that “ our Welsh comrades” have got that privilege, and why cannot it be extended to others. The Welsh Field Ambulance is a unit comprised solely of members of the Brigade, and this privilege was granted to it, but as to individual members of the Brigade being granted a similar privilege is a matter which rests solely with the War Office.

— F I R S T

AID. —

Police First Aid Competitions. F i r s t aid and home nursing competitions were held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent’s Park, on July 12th, the occasion being the eighth annual meeting of the Metro politan Police Shooting League, in aid of the funds of the Metropolitan and City Police Orphanage and other police charities. There was a large and influential gathering, and great interest was taken in the first aid competitions by the visitors, large numbers witnessing the contests and giving the competitors hearty receptions. The results were as follows :— The “ St. J o h n ” Challenge Shield, presented by Major Parsons (Chief Constable) in 1914, with a view to stimulate first aid in the Metropolitan Police, and to main tain individual efficiency, was contested for. “ X ” (Harrowroad Division) were winners, and “ S ” (Hampstead Divi sion) second. In view of the heaity co-operation in police duty with the Metropolitan police and the keen interest taken in ren dering first aid, a competition open to the Special Con stabulary of the metropolis was held to reciprocate the spirit of comradeship, and to encourage an efficient know ledge of first aid. The 6 teams who gained the highest marks in the preliminary contests competed, and “ R ” (Blackheath Division) were winners, with “ C ’’ (Vine-street Division) second. A competition promoted as a small mark of apprecia tion of the public-spirited way in which the members of the various societies who had registered to assist the Metro politan Police in the event of casualties arising from hostile air raids, was an item of much interest. The St. John Ambulance Brigade (Addiscomb Corps), the British Red Cross Society (County of London Branch), the 7th Battn. Middlesex Volunteer Regiment, the National Motor Volunteers, and the Athletes’ Volunteer Nursing Section, entered teams for this event. The competition was open to male and female teams, and the St. John Ambulance Brigade (male) and the British Red Cross Society (female) were winners, and the 7th Battn. Middlesex Volunteer Regi ment (male) and the Athletes’ Volunteer Nursing Section (female) were second. The home nursing competition was open to all police officers and members of their families, and was judged by Miss M. R. Easton and Mrs. Edred Corner, R.R,C. The first prize was won by Mrs. J. White ; 2nd, Mrs. M. S co tt; 3rd, Mrs. E. Munday, and Miss Doris Matthews received the prize for the best worker under the age of 16. This competition is initiated with a view to increase the knowledge of home nursing in the homes of police officers. The judging of the first aid competitions was kindly undertaken by R. B. Duncan, E sq, M.D., J. M. Carvell, Esq., M.R.C.S., N. Corbet Fletcher, Esq., M.B., and W. H. Morgan, Esq. The prizes were presented by Mrs. Parsons.

Augu s t , 1 9 1 7 .

Q u e r ie s

and

J U is w e r s

C o r r e sp o n d e n ts. Queries w ill be dealt with under the following rules :— 1 .— Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hana comer of the envelope “ Query," and addressed— F i r s t A i d , 4.6, Cannon-street, London, E .C . 2.— A l l Queries must be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon ” cut jrom the current issue of the ffoumal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. 3■— Queries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w ill be answered by post.

C. A. H. (Edmonton) :—What is the treatment of patients suffering from the effects of inhaling Prussic Acid Gas ? Whether swallowed or inhaled, the effects (and, therefore, the treatment) of Prussic Acid are identical, since the poison acts in both ways with equal rapidity and energy. Thus, the symptoms of poisoning inay come on during the act of swallow ing or immediately afterwards; and people have fallen down insensible from merely smelling a bottle of the strong acid.— N. C

o r bet

le tch e r

C. A. H. (Edmonton);—What is the best treatment for infantile

convulsions when no hot water is at hand and the patient is far removed from any habitation ? The utility of the warm bath for infantile convulsions is questionable. It is probably of real service only when the onset of fever is the exciting cause, and is contra-indicated if the child cannot be placed in bed between blankets immediately after the bath. Further, it is a g ra ve e rro r to keep the child immersed for more than five minutes. Under the circumstances named, the indications d u rin g the f it are to protect the child from self-injury and to keep him as warm as possible, and afterwards to remove without delay to home or hospital. In short, apply General Rules for Insensibility modified in accordance with General Principles ( Cantlie pp. 128, 137 and 17).— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . R. W. (Pembroke):—With Potts Fracture how should bandages be applied? Will four be sufficient as in enclosed sketch ? In the sketch the lowest bandage has a threefold purpose’ viz., to control the lower fragment of fracture, to fix the lower ends of the splints, and also to keep both feet together. As shown, the four bandages would, i f s k ilfu lly applied, probably be sufficient. The use of five bandages, however, provides greater security during treatment and transport and also facilitates rem oval of emergency apparatus (a practical point in First Aid) when the doctor takes charge of the case. To this end six bandages are still more effective because two each are available for controlling fracture, for fixin g splints, and for tying legs together—their application being made in this order. In a Potts Fracture the fibula is usually broken three inches above the malleolus and so there is just enough room for a narrow bandage to control the lower fragment.— N. C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

R. W. M. (Erith) (a) What is “ natural” hiemorrhage? (b) What are the uses of hemorrhage ? (c) What is the use of haemorrhage to First-Aiders ? (a) There is no such thing as “ natural” hemorrhage There are occasions, however, when hemorrhage may be “ Nature’s Relief,” e.g. when a profuse bleeding from the nose forestalls the possible onset of Hemorrhage of the Brain.

A u g u s t , 1 9 1 7.

—FIRST

(b ) I n D ia g n o s is h a a m o rrh a g e m a y (1 ) c a ll a tte n tio n to a

palpable C a u s e , e.g. w o u n d ; (2 ) s u g g e s t th e p re se n c e o f a con cealed C a u s e , e.g. h ic m o r r h a g e fro m e a r w ith fra c t u r e d B a s e o f s k u ll. I n T r e a tm e n t h a e m o rrh a g e (1 ) w a sh e s w o u n d from w ithin out a n d removes g e rm s , & c .; (2 ) fo rm s b lo o d c lo t a n d protects w o u n d fro m in v a s io n o f g e rm s ; a n d (3 ) relieves c o n g e stio n , e.g. n o s e -b le e d in g . (c ) H ie m o r r h a g e m a y s e rv e a u s e fu l p u rp o se i f it teaches a F ir s t A id e r to (1) e n c o u ra g e fo rm a tio n o f b lo o d -c lo t in w o u n d s ; (2 ) p ro m o te b le e d in g w ith poisoned w o u n d s ; (3 ) a v o id in t e r fe re n c e w ith b lo o d -c lo t a n d w ith b lo o d e s c a p in g fro m e a r a n d n o s e in a ll H e a d In ju r ie s ; a n d (4 ) b a th e a w o u n d from w ithin outwards w h e n u s in g a n t is e p t ic lo t io n .— N . C o rise t F letch er. J. M . ( P o n t a r d u la is ) :— A t a re c e n t c o m p e titio n th e fo llo w in g c a s e w a s g iv e n : “ T h i s m a n h a s a fra c t u re o f the r ig h t r a d iu s n e a r th e e lb o w . T r e a t h im . A w ee k la t e r h e g o e s f is h in g , f a lls in to the r iv e r , is im m e rs e d fo r tw e n ty m in u te s a n d fis h e d o ut. N o w tre a t h im .” W a s I r ig h t in u s in g M a r s h a ll H a l l ’s fo r g e ttin g the w a te r o ut, a n d L a b o r d e ’s m e th o d fo r r e s p ir a t io n ? No. In m y ju d g m e n t , y o u w e re q u ite w ro n g (1 ) b e c a u s e M a r s h a ll H a l l ’s M e th o d n e c e s s ita te s r o llin g a p a tie n t on to h is rig h t s id e (a n d h o w c o u ld y o u p ro te c t th e fra c tu re d r ig h t fo re a rm ? ) : a n d (2 ) b e c a u s e c o n s id e ra b le d o u b t h a s r e c e n t ly b e e n t h ro w n o n the e ffic a c y o f L a b o r d e ’s M e th o d . O n th e o th e r h a n d , if yo u h a d first fix e d the f ra c t u re d fo re a rm in a r ig h t a n g le d s p lin t, th e n y o u c o u ld h a v e a d o p te d S c h a e fe r’s M e th o d a n d h a v e p la c e d th e a rm — whether rig h t or left — in s a fe ty a b o v e the p a tie n t’s h ea d . F o r a c o n c is e s u m m a ry a n d c o n tra s t o f the v a r io u s M e th o d s re fe r to A id s to F irs t -A id (p. 49).— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

R . B . ( C a e r p h illy ) :— A ft e r a c o llie r y e x p lo s io n u n d e r g ro u n d a m a n is fo u n d in a s t a ll ro a d s u ffe rin g fro m a b ro k e n h u m e ru s . H i s b r e a t h in g is s u s p e n d e d , a n d the p ro b le m is to get h im h o m e a s so o n as p o s s ib le . (1 ) S h o u ld th e re s c u e p a rty a tte m p t to re s to re th e m a n to c o n s c io u s n e s s a n d a tte n d to th e f ra c t u re d h u m e ru s b e fo re r e m o v in g h im ? (2 ) W o u ld a w et b a n d a g e pu t a c r o s s th e m o u th a n d n o se o f e a c h o f the m e m b e rs o f th e re s c u e p a rty be o f a n y a d v a n ta g e u n d e r s u c h c o n d it io n s ?

P r e s u m in g th a t th e s u s p e n s io n o f r e s p ir a t io n is d u e to in h a la t io n o f ir r e s p ir a b le g a se s , th e n the p r e s s in g in d ic a t io n s a re ( 1 ) to p ro te c t th e m e m b e rs o f the re s c u e p a r ty w ith w et b a n d a g e s o r r e s p ir a t o r s ; a n d (2 ) to g et the p a tie n t w ith o u t d e la y in to a n a tm o sp h e re o f p u re a ir w h e re S c h a e fe r’s M e th o d o f A r t if ic ia l R e s p ir a t io n c a n be c o m m e n c e d at o n c e . S p e c ia l c a re m u st m e a n w h ile be d ire c t e d to th e b ro k e n h u m e r u s w h ic h w ill be q u ite safe if th e u p p e r lim b is k e p t e x te n d e d a n d in c lo s e a p p o s it io n to the p a tie n t’s b o d y . W h e n re s p ir a t io n h a s b e e n re -e s ta b lis h e d , th e h u m e ru s m u s t be set u p fp ro p e rly w ith s p lin t s a n d b a n d a g e s — a n d th e p a tie n t w ill th e n be re a d y fo r re m o v a l to h o m e o r h o s p it a l.— N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r.

R . B . ( C a e r p h illy ) A r e tw o p a d s in a rm p it s n e c e s s a r y fo r f ra c t u r e s o f b o th c la v ic le s ?

N o . T h e r e a re tw o c o m m o n m e th o d s o f t re a tin g a b ro k e n c o lia rb o n e . B o th a im a t k e e p in g b a c k the p o in t o f the s h o u ld e r. T h e o r d in a r y m e th o d d o e s th is by leverin g it b a c k a n d r e q u ir e s a p a d a s fu lc ru m fo r th e le v e r. T h e o th e r m e th o d — w h ic h is in d ic a te d w h e n b o th c o lla rb o n e s a re fra c t u re d — a cts by tying back the s h o u ld e r s so th a t p a d s in th e a x illa e a re n o t n e c e s s a ry . S e e Why and Wherefore in F ir s t A id (p p . 15 a n d 16).— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

A .G . ( L o n d o n ) - W h a t a re th e s p e c ia l s ig n s a n d s y m p t o m s w ith a p e r s o n J w h o h a s b e e n s t r u c k b y L ig h t n in g ?

AID. —

L ig h t n in g ( lik e E le c t r ic it y ) m a y c a u s e im m e d ia t e d e a th fro m S h o c k w ith o u t a n y s u r fa c e o r in t e rn a l in ju r y . O n the o th e r h a n d , it m a y p r o d u c e a c o n d it io n c lo s e ly r e s e m b lin g C o n c u s s io n o f th e B r a in w ith o r w ithout lo c a l a n d in t e r n a l in ju rie s . T h e p e rs o n s t r u c k m a y re m a in in s e n s ib le (w ith s lo w r e s p ir a t io n , fe e b le p u ls e a n d d ila t e d p u p ils ) fo r p e rio d s v a r y in g fro m a few m o m e n ts to m o re t h a n a n h o u r. T h e a s s o c ia te d in ju r ie s m a y b e wounds , s it u a t e d at the p o in t s o f e n t r y a n d e x it o f the lig h t n in g a n d s im ila r to th o se c a u s e d b y b lu n t e d g e d to o ls ; burns , p r o d u c e d e it h e r b y th e lig h t lin g o r b y th e f ir in g o f th e c lo th e s a s th e r e s u lt o f th e fu s io n o f a n y m e ta l w o rn a b o u t th e b o d y (e .g ., w a tc h e s , w a tc h c h a in s , p e n k n iv e s , & c .) a n d c o n s e q u e n t g e n e r a t io n o f h e a t ; a n d t r o r 1 r a r e ly in tern a l Juemorrhage d u e to r u p tu r e o f in t e r n a l o r g a n s .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

M . ( C a r d if f ) — I n Problems in F ir s t A id (p . 1 5 3 ) th e u se o f t h re e -h a n d e d s e a ts is s u g g e s te d as a n a lt e r n a t iv e to p r o v id in g m a te r ia ls fo r im p r o v is in g a s t r e t c h e r in th e c a s e o f a fra c t u r e o f b o th b o n e s o f the le g . W o u ld it n ot b e h ig h ly im p ro p e r to re m o v e s u c h a p a tie n t b y m e a n s o f a th re e h a n d e d se a t ? ,

C e r t a in ly n ot. T h e f ra c t u re s w h ic h must be r e m o v e d re c u m b e n t a n d o n s tre tc h e r a re th o se in v o lv in g the s c u ll, s p in e , p e lv is a n d th ig h . F o r a ll o th e r u n c o m p lic a te d f ra c t u r e s r e m o v a l b y h a n d -s e a t s is g o o d tre a tm e n t, p ro v id e d that s h o r t d is t a n c e s o n ly h a v e to be t ra v e rs e d . A t th e s a m e tim e th e A u t h o r s o f th e b o o k q u o te d e m p h a s is e (p . 1 5 3 ) th e s u p e r io r c la im s o f a n im p r o v is e d s tr e tc h e r b y s e ttin g d o w n m a rk s fo r its c o n s id e ra t io n b e fo re th e a d o p tio n o f th e t h r e e - h a n d e d se a t w h ic h u n d e r th e s p e c ia l c ir c u m s t a n c e s n a m e d is the c o r r e c t m e th o d o f re m o v a l fo r th e fra c t u r e s p e c if ie d .— N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r. W . H . S. ( F in c h le y ) — (1 ) W h a t is th e b e st f ir s t - a id tre a tm e n t in a c a s e in w h ic h a b o m b h a s b lo w n o ff a foo t ju s t a b o v e th e a n k le ? N o o th e r in ju ry . A m b u la n c e b a g a v a ila b le . C it y M o to r A m b u la n c e e x p e c te d in ten m in u te s o f th e c a s u a lt y t a k in g p la c e . (2 ) W h a t w o u ld be th e e ffect (p r o b a b ly ) o f m e re ly t y in g a h a n d k e r c h ie f o r o th e r lig a t u r e ro und the stump ? (1 ) K e e p p a tie n t fla t a n d a p p ly immediate d ig ita l c o m p r e s s io n o f th e s tu m p w ith s im u lt a n e o u s e le v a t io n o f th e le g at r ig h t a n g le s to b o d y . I f s in g le .h a n d e d a n d p a tie n t u n a b le to a s s is t, k e e p u p p re s s u re b y lo c k in g p a t ie n t ’s le g b e tw e e n y o u r a rm a n d r ib s w h ile y o u p re p a re a n e la s t ic b a n d a g e o r im p r o v is e a to u rn iq u e t. I f a s s is t a n c e is a v a ila b le , k e e p u p d ig it a l p re s s u re w h ile h e d o e s th is. A n elastic bandage o r brace is most suitable fo r c o n t r o llin g th e b le e d in g a n d s h o u ld be a p p lie d two inches a b o v e th e e n d o f s tu m p — to a v o id a ll r is k o f its s lip p in g . F a i li n g t h is , p la c e firm p a d s o n a n t e r io r a n d p o s t e r io r t ib ia l a rt e r ie s in same p o si tion as fo r bandage, a n d tw ist im p ro v is e d t o u r n iq u e t u n til b o th a rt e r ie s a re s e c u r e ly c o m p re s s e d a g a in s t tib ia , i.e., u n til you see th a t a ll b le e d in g h a s s to p p e d . D r y s tu m p w ith p ie c e o f a n t is e p t ic d r e s s in g , p a in t o r s p r a y it w ith Io d in e , a n d a p p ly a fre s h p ie c e of d r e s s in g , th re e o r fo u r fo ld s t h ic k . P a c k w ith c o tto n w o o l ; fix w ith t r ia n g u la r b a n d a g e ; tre a t s h o c k ; re m o v e p a tie n t re c u m b e n t a n d w ith lim b h e ld (o r o th e r w is e s u p p o r t e d ) in e le v a te d p o s itio n . N o te th a t t o u r n iq u e t is p la c e d as low down the lim b a s is c o n s is te n t w ith its s e c u r it y . (2 ) T h e p a tie n t, if n o t a lr e a d y d e a d , w o u ld p r o b a b ly b e in the la s t s ta g e o f C o lla p s e d u e to h a e m o rrh a g e w h e n h e re a c h e d h o s p ita l. If , h o w e v e r, he u n e x p e c t e d ly s u r v iv e d th e e ffe cts o f h a e m o rrh a g e ( immediate and remote ), th e n the s tu m p — t re a te d a s s u g g e s t e d — w o u ld p r o b a b ly b e so in fe c te d th a t h ig h a m p u ta tio n o f the le g w o u ld be n e c e s s a ry la t e r — to s a v e h is life .— N. C o rb et F le tc h e r. R . H . (W a lh a m G re e n ) e x p re s s e s a p p r e c ia t io n o f th e A r t ic le o n “ U s e a n d A b u s e o f S t im u la n t s ,” a n d a s k s ( 1 ) if c o c o a a n d c h o c o la te a re r e lia b le s u b s titu te s fo r tea a n d co ffee a s s tim u la n t s , a n d (2 ) w h ic h a re th e b e st p r e p a r a t io n s . (1 )

I f s ip s o f c o ld w a te r w ill a c t a s s tim u la n t o f b r a in a n d

3°

— F I R S T

h e a rt t h ro u g h re fle x n e rv o u s a c tio n , th e n s ip s o f h o t c o c o a w ill be s t ill m o re e ffic a c io u s , b e c a u s e in addition to flu id , heat and sugar , c o c o a c o n ta in s a s p e c ia l p o is o n — T h e o b r o m in e — w h ic h is a llie d to th e a c tiv e p r in c ip le — C a f fe in e — p re s e n t in tea a n d coftee. N e v e r t h e le s s , c o c o a is le s s c a p a b le (th a n the la s t n a m e d ) o f p ro d u c in g temporary increased v ita l activity o f b r a in a n d h e a rt, its e ffects b e in g m a in ly d ire c t e d to th e m u s c u la r s y ste m . F u r t h e r , th e fo o d v a lu e o f c o c o a h a s b e e n m u c h o v e rra t e d , a n d in d e e d h a s b e e n s e r io u s ly d is p u te d in re c e n t t im e s — a n in t e re s tin g a n d p r a c t ic a l p o in t in d ie t in g in v ie w o f th e h ig h p r ic e o f c o c o a a n d th e p re s e n t h a r d tim e s. By th e w a y , c h o c o la te is g ro u n d c o c o a d e p r iv e d o f so m e o f its fat, sw e e te n e d w ith s u g a r, a n d a u g m e n te d w ith fla v o u r in g m a tte r. (2) C o c o a is o b ta in e d from the s e e d s o f c o c o a pods, a n d is o b ta in a b le as “ nib s,” “ f l a k e ” a nd “ s o l u b le ” c ocoa, th e last of w h ich is said to be th e least v a lu a b le b e ca u se m a n y su ch p re p a ratio n s c on ta in on ly 50 per cent, o f p oten tial fats with a d d e d starch a nd s u g a r.— N. CORBET F letcher.

A I D.

August , 1 9 1 7 .

Nurses’ Wear HO LE- H EA RTED a p p r e c ia t io n has b e e n e x te n d e d b y th e N u r s in g P r o f e s s io n to o u r N u r s e s E q u ip m e n t .

H a r r o d s a re a p p o in t e d b y the St. J o h n A m b u l a n c e B r ig a d e a n d B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie t y , a n d a ll m a te r ia ls a n d P a t t e r n s a re a p p r o v e d th e re b y . I n fo r m a tio n r e l a ti v e to th e s e m a tte r s g l a d l y s e n t o n r e q u e s t.

R . H . ( W a lh a m G re e n ) a s k s (1 ) if w h is k y is m o re e ffic.e n t i n ' an e m e rg e n cy th a n b r a n d y a s a n a n t is e p t ic fo r w o u n d s ; a n d (2 ) w h a t s tre n g th o f s p ir it s h o u ld be used. ( 1 ) W h is k y a n d B r a n d y a re u s e fu l a s e m e rg e n c y a n t i s e p tic s , b e c a u s e th e y c o n ta in a lc o h o l, th e a v e ra g e p e rc e n ta g e o f w h ic h is in e a c h c a s e u s u a lly the s a m e — v iz., a b o u t 50 p e r ce n t. I t h a s b e e n c la im e d th a t w h is k y — b e in g a d is t illa t io n p r o d u c t o f the fe rm e n te d e x t ra c t fro m m a lte d a n d u n m a lte d c e re a ls , p o ta to e s a n d o th e r s ta r c h b e a rin g m a t e r ia l— is m o re e ffic a c io u s fo r c le a n s in g a w o u n d , b e c a u s e b r a n d y — w h ic h is d is t ille d fro m fe rm e n te d g r a p e ju ic e — c o n ta in s o th e r a g e n ts ( in c lu d in g t a n n in a n d c o lo u r in g m a tte r) w h ic h lim it th e a c t iv it y o f a lc o h o l fo r t h is p u p o se . (2 ) W h is k y a n d B r a n d y c a n be use d c o n c e n tra te d a s p r e s e n te d in the b o ttle , th e b e st w a y b e in g to s p o n g e th e w o u n d w ith a m o p o f c o tto n w o o l w ru n g out o f the s p ir it .— N . C o r b e t F le tc h e r.

N. U. 116.— B r it is h Red C ro s s S o c ie ty R e g u la tio n Off D u ty D re s s , S a x e B lu e A lp a c a . S to c k S iz es, 22/9. M a d e to m e a s u r e , 24/9. M a d e to o r d e r w ith f ittin g . 3 4 /H e m s titc h e d M u s lin C o lla r a n d C u f f je t s , 1 /1 1 . B la c k p a te n t B e lts , li d . a n d 1/8 e a ch . A ll H a r r o d s B o o k l e t s s e n t fre e as issued cn request.

HARRODS

LTD

LONDON

S W

W o o d m an Burbidge Managing Director

S. S. ( B r is t o l) . — H o w w o u ld y o u tre a t fra c t u re s o f c la v ic le a n d h u m e ru s o n s a m e s id e ? T h e b r o k e n h u m e ru s is th e m o re s e r io u s in ju r y a n d m u st re c e iv e p r io r tre a tm e n t, which w ill va ry w ith th e p o s itio n o f th e fra c tu re . I f th is is s itu a te d n e a r th e s h o u ld e r o r in th e m id d le o f sh a ft, th e n fix the h u m e ru s a s u s u a l ( Cantlie , p. 52), a n d tre a t th e b ro k e n c o lla rb o n e b y k e e p in g the e lb o w as c lo se to the b o d y a s p o s s ib le , e.g., b y p in n in g s le e v e s e c u r e ly to co at. T h e t ra n s v e r s e b a n d a g e a n d a x illa r y p a d re c o m m e n d e d fo r f ra c t u r e d c la v ic le a re c le a r ly c o n tr a -in d ic a t e d . T h e first w o u ld in t e rfe re u n d u ly w ith the a c t io n o f g r a v it y in s e p a ra tin g the b r o k e n fra g m e n ts o f h u m e ru s , a n d th e s e c o n d (1 ) m ig h t c o n v e r t a s im p le fra c t u r e o f h u m e ru s in to c o m p o u n d o r c o m p lic a t e d a n d (2 ) c a n n o t be u s e d a s a fu lc r u m , th e h u m e ru s b e in g in a d m is s ib le a s le v e r. F in a lly , if p a tie n t s t ill c o m p la in s o f p a in , the fo re a rm m ig h t b e s u p p o rt e d b y a St. J o h n in p la c e o f a n a r r o w s lin g w h ic h w o u ld p re s s o n the c o lla rb o n e . If , h o w e v e r, th e fra c t u re o f h u m e ru s is c lo s e to e lb o w , then t h e se d a n g e r s a n d d is a d v a n ta g e s a re le s s p r e s s in g , a n d it is p o s s ib le to fix u p th e b ro k e n c la v ic le in the o r d in a r y w a y ( Cantlie , p. 49 ) after h a vin g firs t s e c u re d th e f ra c t u re d h u m e r u s in a rig h t -a n g le d s p lin t. A n a lt e r n a tiv e m e th o d w o u ld b e to fix th e f ra c t u re d h u m e ru s first, a n d th e n to tre a t the b r o k e n c o lla rb o n e b y m e a n s o f n a r r o w b a n d a g e s p a ss e d a s a r in g ro u n d each s h o u ld e r (t h ro u g h th e a x illa ) a n d fir m ly jo in e d to g e th e r b e h in d th e b a c k b y a n o t h e r n a rro w b a n d a g e . B y t h is m e a n s th e s h o u ld e r s c a n be k e p t w e ll b a c k w ith o u t in t e r f e r in g w ith th e b ro k e n h u m e ru s . T re a tm e n t is c o m p le te d e it h e r b y p in n in g fo re a rm to c o a t o r b y u s in g a St. J o h n s lin g .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention “ First Aid.”

for

Uniforms and Equipment V ast m o d e rn fa cto ry re so u rc e s, a d d e d to a c e n t u r y ’ s e x p e r ie n c e , e n a b le s u s to s u p p l y F i r s t A i d a n d a l l o th e r S e r v ic e s w it h u n if o r m s and e q u ip m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m a t e r ia ls , w o r k m a n s h ip a n d f in is h — a t p r ic e s t h a t c h a lle n g e c o m p a r i so n w it h a n y o th e r c lo t h in g o f e q u a l q u a lit y . P r ic e s a n d

S a m p le s o n re q u e s t.

16 ,

N IL E

CITY and

ROAD, LONDON, N., 4, PRINCES STREET,

HAN O VER

SQ UARE,

S TR EET, LO N DO N,

August

— F IR S T

1917

A I D.—

FIR S T-A ID A B L A N D & P A IN L E S S — IODINE D R E S S IN G .— A s e p tic .

A n tis e p tic .

IODEX

o n

v in c in g

r o o f

( O r ig in a l letter on file ).

“ I was suffering from Pleurisy and Pneumonia, and for the first fortnight I fought hard with death, I was so weak that I could not take any food, and frequently fainted from lack of nourishment. My brother gave me a bottle of Hall’s Wine, and after taking a wineglassful I was surprised to find my stomach retain it. I had another dose at bedtime, a third in the morning, and to my great delight I found my stomach trouble soon disappeared, fainting fits stopped, and by the time I had finished my second bottle I was able to eat anything. I thought I could do no less than let you know what Hall’s Wine has done for me.”

has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u rg e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u rg e o n s , Red C ro ss S u rg e o n s , C ro ix R o u g e F ra n c a is e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F re n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

I0DEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/3. 1 0 D E X has benefitted the fo llo w in g a n d num erous other co n d itio n s. E n la r g e d G la n d s. G o itre. T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts, B u rsitis, S y n o v itis, S c i a t i c a , N e u r i t i s , G c J*J t > R h eu m ato id A rth ritis, H y d ro c e le . P a ra sitic S k in D ise a se s. R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s , A cn e, B o ils, M u m p s , S p r a in s , ___ AND A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D ITIO N S.

Literature on application to—

Menley & James, Ltd., TH E

“ F IR S T

39, F a r r ln g d o n R o a d , LONDON,

E .C .

A ID ”

PICTORIAL TRIANGULAR BANDACE.

The Supreme Restorative S im ila r co n vin cin g testimony from doctors, nurses, and patients is to be found in thousands o f appreciative letters ©n our file. A doctor says :— “ It is im possible to take H a ll’s W in e w ithout being benefited.”

Illustrating the various w ays of using the Bandage in cases of injury. Triangular Bandages can also be supplied plain, unprinted.

G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b o ttle t o -d a y I f, a fte r t a k i n g h a lf y o u fee l n o r e a l b e n e fit, r e t u r n to us th e h a lf - e m p ty b o ttle a n d w e w ill re f u n d a ll o u tla y .

E x tra Large Size, 4 / 6 . S m a lle r, a/9. 0/ W ine Merchants , a n d Grocers , and

SO UTH ALL B R O S. & BARCLAY, B I R M I N G H A M , E s t a b lis h e d

L d,

1820,

Chem ists w ith wine licences.

M anufacturers of Surgical Dressings, Fine Chem icals and Pharm aceutical Preparations. Enquiries invited.

— F I R S T

Price Bd. net.

NOTES _

AID. —

Post free Tri

FIR ST

S id n e y

AID H.

SIMPLIFIED.

L am b.

MANUALS

L O N D O N , E .C , 4 .

Owing to alterations in the arrangements for Sergt. Hanmer’s tour in Ireland, there are a few vacant dates for the above Lecture in September.

AIDS TO

FIRST-AID.

“ Col. C antlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his good opinion o f the book.”— L a n c e t .

HOME-NURSING.

S e c o n d E d itio n . P ric e , 7 < b , p o s t free. H o m e -N u r s in g S im p lif ie d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w ith A id s t o M e m o ry . “ T his book wonderfully sim plifies a complex subject and should be read by a ll students.” — L . & N .W . R y . G a z b t t h .

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRST-AID.

P r ic e , 7 d . , p o s t fre e . D i f f i c u lt ie s in S tu d y e n d T r e a t m e n t s o lv e d by Q u e s tio n a n d A n sw e r.

EFFICIENCY

FIRST-AID.

s o lv e d f o r S e n i o r S t u d e n ts .

“ W ithout doubt the book w ill be o f great sendee in the tra in in g o f those for whom it is designed.— B r i t i s h M e d i c a l J o u r n a l .

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

P o s t i r e e , 7d . D u tie s S im p lif ie d a n d T a b u l a t e d , w ith A id s to M m o ry . “ A most compact brochure which contains m i ch usefu l in form al ion . ” — P r e s c r ib e r . O r d e r ly

Send 3d. stamps for full particulars and Novelty Booklet. S e rg t. C. HANMER,

P o s t fre e , i s . 2 d . P r o b le m s in S l u d y , T r e a t m e n t a n d E x a m in a t io n

HINTS

EARLY.

The Lectures are given free in any District, plus the working costs, which are small.

By J.

IN D E X

M. C A R V E LL,

F IR S T - A ID .

M .R .C .S .,

L .S .A .L o n d .

A vade-mecum for the A m bulance W o rke r. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, I s. 2 d . F I R S T - A I D IN F E W W O R D S . ( 3 8 th th o u sa n d ).

205, D o n c a s t e r R o a d , G o l d t h o r p e , N r . R o t h e r h a m .

Wires :—Hanmer, Ambulance, Goldthorpe.

B y the S am e A u th o r.

W ith C oloured D iagram s. 12 pp. F o ld er. Paper, 2 d . H O M E N U R S IN G IN F E W W O R D S . (1 6 th B y th e S am e A u th o r.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In “ PRESCRIPTION READING ” and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.” Everyone engaged in F IR S T A ID w ork should take up the above Courses at once. A member of S . J . A . B . w rit e s :— “ I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such .” ( T . B . ) S p e c i a l t e r m s n o w — h alf fees— to members of S .J .A .B ., &c. A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n se rs S e c tio n o f th e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is try a n d P h a r m a c y , e std . 1874),

112 . S t. G e o rg e ’s R oad. S o u t h w a rk , L on don .

D o n ’t L o s e Y o u r M e d a l s H a v in g found, as a result of practical experience, how unsatisfactory is the present system o f M edal F ixtu res, I have patented an absolutely “ R e lia b le ” M edal and R ib b o n C la sp , w hich entirely does away with safety pins or sewing. It is lig h t, neat, strong; is easily fixed by means of finger screws, and holds the medals and ribbon quite tight to the cloth. M ade w ith special short screws for Nurses.

( 3 PATENTX^/

P r i c e s o f M e d a l c l a s p s to hold one. two, t h 'e e , or f o u r M e d a ls , I s . , Is . d., I s. d. a n d I s . d. r e s p e ct * t i v e l y . A l s o R ib b o n H o l d e r , d . , I s . , Is . d. a n d Is . d. respectively.

P o s t a g e Id. e x t r a , e x c e p t o n o r d e r s o v e r

DOLTON,

E x - P .C . M et. P o lice, R oad, W a lth a m sto w .

5s.

53,

HOW ARD

P R E S T O N , D em onstrator to the Polytechnic.

116 Illu s . P rice, i s . re t, postage 2d. T H E R O LLE R BANDAGE. B y th e S a m e A u th o r.

Its A pp lication A ccurately D escribed by W o rd s and 162 Diagram s. Price, is . net., postage 2d. F I R S T - A I D A N A T O M IC A L D IA G R A M S . T w e lv e in set, on R o lle r. Post free, 2 S . i o d . E a ch D iagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. N o . 1 4 . — H U M A N B O D Y . - S H O W I N G A R T E R I E AND P R E S S U R E P O IN T S . Coloured. P rice, 6 d . T H E W H O L E A R T O F B A N D A G IN G .

Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark • t ! .- L A - .L ) . Grey beaver cloth, 45s. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 32s. 6d.—Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

BO W SER,

F .J .I.,

In trodu ctio n by J a m e s C a n t l i e , F .R . C .S . Illu s . Post free, i s . 2 d . P R A C T IC A L IN S T R U C T IO N IN C U T T IN G O U T & M A K IN G U P H O S P IT A L G A R M E N T S F O R S I C K & W O U N D E D . (Approved by the R ed Cross Society). Illu strated. Post free, IS . 2 d . A S H O R T C O U R S E O F P H Y S I C A L T R A IN I N G . By

A LLAN JO H N

83 - 91,

B R O M A N ,___________________ P r ic e is . 8d. p o s t free. BALE, S O N S & D A N IE L S S O N , L td ., G r e a t T ite h fie ld

S treet, L on don , W .

F i r s t Aid, M e d ic in e . S u r g e r y , a n d a ll o t h e r S c ie n tific a n d L i te r a r y s u b je c ts. S e c o n d -H a n d at H a ll P ric e * . N ew Books at D is c o u n t P r ic e s . C a ta lo g u e s fre e . State wantB. Books sent ou approval. Books b o u g h t, W . & G . F O Y L E 121 a n d 123, C n a r in g C ro s s R o a d , L o n d o n , W .C .

D e c o r a to r s’

P a in te r s ’

M a g a z in e .

THE PRACTICAL ORCAN OF THE TRADE.

C a risb ro o k e

C lo th , 4 d . th o u s a n d ).

In c lu d in g useful reference tables. 14pp. F old er. Paper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . T H E C O M P L E T E M A N IK IN . Systems of Body accurately indexed. In v a lu a b le to Students Anatom y, M edicine, F irs t-A id and A llie d Subjects. P rice 2 s . n e t ; postage, 2d. T H E T R IA N G U L A R B A N D A G E : Its A p p licatio n A ccurately Described by W o rd s and 116 Diagram s.

By TH B K LA

lOLTOfyc^—.

&e.,

“ W e commend this book to Lecturers a n d Students who w ill fin d it o f great service.” — F i r s t a i d .

N O T IC E .

APPLY

F I R S T -A ID ,

T h i r d E d itio n . P o s t fre e , 7 d . F ir s t- A id S im p lif ie d a n d T a b u la te d , w i t h A id s to M em o ry .

AIDS

H a n m e r ’s L ife -S a v in g Le ctu re s.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, B.A., M.B., B.C. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S.

A H a n d b o o k in a tabulated and sim plified form givin g the main points ot first a id , so arranged as to im press them on the m em ory of the student. D A L E , R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d . , 46, C a n n o n S t .

August , 1 9 1 7.

Published on the 15th o f ev ery Month. Annual Subscription, 5s., post free. Sinale Copies, 6d.

DALE, 40,

REYNOLDS

CA N N O N

S T R E E T ,

& CO., Ltd., LO N D O N ,

E .C .

1 7O R SALE, a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform

“ FIRST AID ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

OR SALE. Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and Overcoats; samples on approval.—Folletb F 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

To be cut out and enclosed w ith a ll Queries.

Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 9s. 6d. a pair.—Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse. —

Printed

a n d P n M l & e d b y M e s s rs . D a l b , R b y . n o l d s &

Co., L t d .,

A u g u s t,

1917.

4 6 , C a n n o n S t . , L « D d o n , B . C . , to w h o m a ll co m m u n lc a tio n s sh ou ld b e a tid s e s s e d

F I R S T AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

-----

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

E d ited b y ARTH UR B. D A LE. SEPTEM BER, 19* 7*

XXIV.

No. 279.—

NOTICE

R E A D E R S.

FIRST AID is published on the aoth of each month. T he A n n u a l Subscription is as. 6d. post free ; single copies 2d. Its aim and object being the advancement of A m bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticle s and R eports on subjects pertaining to the M ovem ent and also welcomes suggestions for P ractical Papers. A ll R eports, & c., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom panied (not necessarily for Publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business Com m unications connected w ith F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the Publishers, D ALE,

R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d . , 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E .C . 4. Telegraphic A ddress: “ Twenty-four, London.” Telephone No. 54T] Bank.

EDITORIAL T he recent order issued by the Home The Secretary, which was published in our N e c e s s ity of last issue, under the Police, Factories, F ir s t A id. etc. (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1916, making it compulsory for factories and workshops engaged in certain industries to provide first aid equipment in proportion to the number of persons employed, is a step in the right direction and one which we hope will eventually be extended to industries other than those enumerated in the above mentioned order. It is a matter of common knowledge that a large number of accidents of great or less severity occur in factories, and particularly in the non-textile trades, metal engineering, etc. In fact, in 1913, the last official returns, 178,161 accidents were reported in factories and workshops in the United Kingdom. These formidable figures have no doubt greatly increased since the war started, for with the introduction of new labour and of employees unaccus tomed to the work, particularly in conjunction with the need for speed and pressure, overtime and nightwork, with the consequent fatigue, must inevitably lead to greater risk of accident. It is, therefore, none too soon that an order of this kind should be introduced. It is interesting to note in a memorandum issued by the Health of Munition Workers’ Committee the compari son in the increase of accidents which point to the need for

[E n tered a t Sta tio n ers' H a ll.)

TWOPENCE i, P o s t F r e e

first aid work. They report that they were much impressed in visiting munition works with the useful part performed by competent nurses and of the large number of cases of injury or sickness which receive treatment. In eleven moderately sized works, employing about 35,000 workers, 38,000 surgical dressings were performed in the first ten months of 1915, varying in ratio from 19 per i,oco em ployed per month to 221 per 1,000 per month. The data provided from another munition factory shows that in the autumn of 1914, when the hours of work were from 8 a.m. to 5.45 p.m., an average of 100 first aid dressings were done at this factory each month per 1,000 employees; in 1915 for the same period of the year, when the hours of work were from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., the average rose to 292, and at night when the hours of work were from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. to 508. These figures are sufficient evidence to point .to the urgent necessity and value of first aid equipment in factories, but we also hope that attention will be paid to the training in the essentials of first aid of a sufficient number of workers to provide that in each shop there are at least one or two persons who know how to render first aid in case of injury The necessity of first aid training in industries where there is any elements of risk has been proved to the hilt over and over again, and it is a source of satisfaction to know that the authorities realise that the day is past for condoning slovenly or inadequate provision, and that they are satisfied that not only should advice and instruction be given to the worker as to the proper steps to be taken on the occurrence of accidents, but that suitable arrangements should be made for the effective organisation of means of emergency treatment.

The following lectures and classes will shortly begin at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, Clerkenwell, London, E.C. :— First aid lectures, on Tuesday evenings, from 7.30 to 9, commencing Sept. 25th, and consisting of eight lectures and examination, fee 3s. inclusive. Invalid cookery (recognised by the St. John Ambulance Associa tion) on Thursday evenings, 7 to 9 o’clock, 12 lessons and examinations, fee 5s.

- F I R S T

ill

Jh « S tan d ? rio rg of the Order of the h o sp ita l of S t. Jo h n of Jerusalem in Sngland.

% "

AM BULANCE

She S t.

No. 1 D istr ic t. D

e pu ty

Jo h n

D EPA RTM EN T.

-------

WINNY.

OCTOBER, 1917. Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. Sunday, 7th.—No. 70 Division, Royal Boro’ of Kensington. „ 14th.—No. 71 „ Tottenham. „ 21 st.—No. 76 „ Limehouse. „ 28th - No. 77 „ Underground Railways. From 2.30 p.m. to 8 p.m. Key from St. John’s Gate, 2 p.m. (Signed)

September, 1917.

Although the Altrincham St. John Nursing Division is a new organisation, being not quite two years old, it promises to be very successful, thanks to the kindness of its Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Percy Cooper, of Bowdon. Nearly all the mem bers are busily engaged in work at the different military and Red Cross hospitals in the district.

.Ambulance B rigade.

D IS T R IC T - O R DERS.

o m m issio n e r

M U —

W. H. WINNY, Deputy- Commissioner.

Headquarters :—St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Divisional Secretaries are requested when sending news paper cutting of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publi cation of the newspapers.—E d i t o r . No. 2 D istr ic t. The Duke of Connaught (Grand Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem) and party on their return journey from Lansdown paid a visit to St. John Voluntary Aid Hospital at Kingswood. He was accompanied by Lieut.-General Sir Henry Sclater, Brigadier-General King-King, Brigadier-General Galley, Capt. Ashworth, Capt. Strickland, the Marquis of Bath, and the Mayor of Bath. The Duke was received by Major-General Terry, chairman of the Bath Centre of St. John Ambulance Association, and the Commandant of the Hospital (Mr. F. Sprawson). Mr. E. A. Bagshawe. deputy-chairman of the centre, and the matron (Sister R. Lindsay), were also intro duced. A guard of honour, consisting of three officers, two sergeants, twenty-five rank and file of the local St. John Ambulance V.A. Detachments, were lined up outside the hospital, and after the introductions they were inspected by the Duke. The officers on parade were Commandant A. B. Moore, Quartermaster F. G. Warwick, and Pharmacist F. R. Stent. The Duke then went round the hospitals with the matron, and after a tour of all the wards inspected the men in the dayroom', speaking to each of the men present. He asked each man as to his regiment, and his wound, and was particularly interested in a soldier from East Africa. He expressed his satisfaction with the hospital and the arrangements, and Lieut. General Sclater seemed particularly struck with the fine situa tion of the hospital, and said the local St. John Ambulance were very fortunate in being able to secure this place. Be fore leaving for Salisbury the Duke and his staff had tea at the hospital. N o. 4 D istr ic t. A l t r i n c h a m . —The members of the Nursing Division organised a small fete, which was held on August 25th, to raise funds for the Division itself and the St. John Hospital in France. The field in which the fete was held was most generously lent by Major Cardwell, and both he and the Mayor of Altrincham kindly gave their support. Despite inclement weather, the fete realised ,£15 after expenses had been deducted, and it was with the greatest pleasure the Nursing Division was able to send a cheque for £ 1 0 to Lieut.-Col. Trimble for his hospital in France.

No. 5 D istr ict. N o t t i n g h a m . —Splendid progress continues to be made by the corps, the number of officers and members having reached the total of 958, of whom 626 are attached to V.A.D.’s The ambulance side-cars, and the First Aid boxes which have been distributed in all parts of the town, have been brought into use on several occasions, and will no doubt prove of great service in the future. The work of repairing artificial limbs, is greatly on the in crease, and under the supervision of Supt. Davis, many kinds of repairs have been executed. One very ingenious contrivance made by Supt. Davis consists of a skull cap for a soldier who had sustained a smashed skull, whilst the Division has also received several appreciative letters from wounded soldiers with regard to alterations and contrivances which have been fitted to their artificial limbs. Divisional Supt. H. J. Lanes, of the Beeston Division, is leaving the district, and he carries with him the good wishes of all members. As showing the value of a knowledge of First Aid in every sphere of life the following is recoided : —On May 25th Pte. E. H. Pearson, of the Royal Engineers, and a member of the City Division was returning to his depot at Chatham on to mail train from Nottingham, when he suddenly heard the guard shouting out for an ambulance man. He immediately rushed after him and asked what the trouble was, when he was informed that the driver had tripped on the footplate and fallen with his head on the brake lever. He was taken to the engine and found the driver unconscious and bleeding freely from a very bad wound in the head 4 in. long and Jin. deep, and his first ai i experience told him it was a most serious case. Pte. Pearson at once sent someone along the train in search of a doctor, but unfortunately there was not one on the train ; in the meantime he obtained water and suppressed the bleed ing with his clean handkerchiefs, of which he was fortunate enough to possess a good stock; sent a telephone message to the next station asking for the services of a doctor, obtained wraps and kept him warm, and rode on the footplate support ing bis head until they reached Wendover, nine miles from the scene of the accident. Willing hands here assisted him to carry the driver from the footplate, when Pte. Pearson pro perly bathed and bandaged the wounds. The doctor had now arrived, and after asking Pearson the nature of the wound, examined same, and stated that everything possible had been done and advised his immediate removal to hospital at London. This was done and Pte. Pearson saw him safely into the ambulance which was waiting. The driver never recovered, and it was unfortunate that Pearson’s persevering efforts did not have the effect of saving his life. Pte. Pearson has received appreciative letters from the officials of the Railway Company with regard to the assistance he rendered.

N o. 12 (Irish) D istr ic t. Although, owing to a chapter of minor accidents, no report of the work of this District has appeared for some months in F I R S T A i d , nevertheless the Brigade has been ex ceptionally busily occupied. At the moment all available energy is being turned in the direction of preparation for Our Day, for which in Ireland the Director--in-Chief, Dr. Lumsden, is chief organiser. The Iris h Tim es has generously consented to boom the Fund, and to aid as treasurer, so that for Ireland (excepting Ulster) the Ir is h Times Fund and the Our Day collection will be synonymous terms. All monies received will be included in the Iris h Times Fund, and Sir John Arnott, the chairman of the Iris h Tim es will act as trustee. The following is a brief summary of a few of the Brigade

— FIRST

S eptem ber, 19 1 7.

a c t iv it ie s w h ic h h a v e ta k e n p la c e s in c e th e la s t c h r o n ic le o f the p ro c e e d in g s o f N o . 12 D is t r ic t a p p e a re d . A

m bu lan ce

o m p e titio n s

r e se n ta tio n

h a llen g e

u blin

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B r illia n t s u m m e r w e a th e r fa v o u re d th e h o ld in g o f the f in a ls in th e c o m p e titio n s fo r th e Ir i s h W o m e n ’s A m b u la n c e . C h a lle n g e C u p , the tw o B r it is h R e d C ro s s V . A . D . C h a lle n g e C u p s , a n d th e D u b lin A m b u la n c e C h a lle n g e C u p , in L o r d Iv e a g h ’s G a r d e n s , S t. S te p h e n ’s G re e n , D u b lin . T h e re w as a la r g e a tte n d a n c e o f th e p u b lic , w h o fo u n d m u c h to in te re s t the m in the c o m p e titio n s a n d o th e r fo rm s o f e n te rta in m e n t p r o v id e d . A m o n g th e se w as a n o ta b le fe a tu re o f m u s ic p r o v id e d o n F r id a y b y the D . M . P . b a n d a n d o n S a tu r d a y b y the R . I . C . band. I r is h

W om en's C h allen ge Cup.

T h e r e s u lt o f th e c o m p e t it io n s w ere :— W in n e r s , H a r c o u r t N u r s in g D iv is io n M is s A . O ’ K e lly ) ; ru n n e rs - u p , D u n d r u m (o ffic e r-in -c h a rg e , M is s B ir d ).

(o ffic e r-in -c h a rg e , N u r s in g D iv is io n

AID. —

the R e v . F a t h e r O ’L o u g h lin , w h o s u p e r in t e n d e d th e a r r a n g e m e n ts, fiv e h u n d r e d m e m b e rs o f th e C it y a n d C o u n t y o f D u b l in V . A . D . ’s, m e n a n d w o m e n , w ith t h e ir o ffic e rs , a tt e n d e d H ig h M a s s at the C h u r c h o f S S M a r y a n d P e te r, R a t h m in e s , on S u n d a y , 8th J u ly , at 12 o ’c lo c k . T h e p a r t y in c lu d e d a la r g e c o n tin g e n t o f the M e n ’s a n d W o m e n ’s N u r s in g D iv is io n s o f the B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie ty . T h e m e n p a r a d e d at P o rto b e llo B a r r a c k s at 11 o’c lo c k , a n d , a c c o m p a n ie d b y th e b a n d a n d m e n o f the R o y a l I r i s h F u s ilie r s , u n d e r th e c o m m a n d o f C o lo n e l S to n e y , m a rc h e d to th e c h u r c h , h e a d e d b y D r . L u m s d e n , D ir e c t o r - in - C h ie f J o in t V . A . D . fo r Ir e la n d . T h e N u r s in g S is t e rs w e re c o m m a n d e d b y D r . E l l a W e b b . A n im p r e s s iv e s e rm o n w a s p re a c h e d b y th e R e v . A lo y s iu s C o rb e tt , O . D . C . , S u b - P r io r , C la re n d o n - s tr e e t , w h o re fe rre d in fe e lin g t e rm s to th e n o b le p a rt p la y e d in the w a r b y th e R e d C ro s s . A t th e H ig h M a s s th e c e lle b r a n t w a s th e R e v . F a t h e r E . F a r r e ll, w h o w a s a s s is te d b y th e R e v . F a t h e r s . P . R o w e n a n d L . K in s e lla . In

spe c t io n

th e

Ir ish

o u n t ie s

o sp it a l

O n the 12th o f J u ly la s t th e I r i s h C o u n t ie s W a r H o s p it a l w a s v is it e d b y V is c o u n t F r e n c h , F ie ld M a r s h a ll C o m m a n d in g -

B r itis h R e d Cross Society V .A .D . a n d B .R .C .S . {Co. D u b lin ) V .A .D . C h a llen g e Cups. M a la h id e D e ta c h m e n t (c o m m a n d a n t, M is s F r a n k s ) w on b o th c u p s ; r u n n e r s - u p , S h a n k ill D e ta c h m e n t (c o m m a n d a n t, M r s . W o r r a ll) . D u b lin A m b u la n ce C h a llen g e Cup. W in n e r s , L a n d C o m m is s io n D iv is io n (o ffic e r-in -c h a rg e , M r . H . J . M o n a h a n ). A t th e c o n c lu s io n o f the c o m p e titio n s the n u r s in g a n d m e n ’s d e ta c h m e n ts , n u m b e rin g o v e r o n e t h o u s a n d w o m e n a n d n e a r ly fiv e h u n d r e d m e n , w e re in s p e c te d b y G e n e r a l S ir B r y a n M a h o n , C o m m a n d in g the F o r c e s in Ir e la n d , in the a b s e n c e or th e L o r d L ie u t e n a n t in Ir e la n d . T h e in s p e c t io n w as fo llo w e d b y a m a rc h p a st, w h ic h to o k p la c e a m id c h e e rs . W it h S ir B r y a n M a h o n at th e s a lu t in g b a s e w ere the L o r d C h a n c e llo r a n d M r s . O ’B r ie n , M r . D . R . P a c k - B e re s f o rd , D . L . (C o . C o . D u b lin B . R . C . S . ) , S ir W illia m F r y , D . L . ( C h a ir m a n o f the C it y o f D u b l i n B . R . C . S ) a n d L a d y F r y , S ir M a u r ic e D o c k r e ll, D . L . ( C h a ir m a n o f the C o . D u b lin B .R .C . S .) , L o r d T a lb o t a n d S a d y de M a la h id e , L a d y A rn o t t , L o r d J u s t ic e M a lo n y a n d M r s . M a lo n y , M r . J u s t ic e R o s s (P r e s id e n t I r i s h C e n tre , S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e ), D r . F in n y a n d D r . J . L u m s d e n (D ir e c t o r in - C h ie f o f I r i s h J o in t V . A . D . ’s). B e fo re S ir B r y a n M a h o n a d d re s s e d the m e m b e rs, D r . L u m s d e n m a d e a sta te m e n t o f th e w o rk o f the jo in t d e ta c h m e n ts o f th e R e d C r o s s S o c ie t y a n d St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e . H e s a id th a t e v e ry m e m b e r w a s e n g a g e d in som e fo rm o f w a r w o rk . N o few th a n 1,000 m e m b e rs o f Ir i s h V . A . D . ’s w ere e n g a g e d in m ilit a ry h o s p ita l w o rk , 2 3 m e n w ere o n s e r v ic e a b ro a d , fro m 1,000 to 2 ,o co w ere w o r k in g at d e p o ts, a n d 60 0 w ere at w o rk in m ilit a r y h o s p ita ls o r n a v a l s ic k b e rth s, w h ile 1 2 ,8 7 7 w o u n d e d h a d b e e n ta k e fro m h o s p ita l s h ip s b y the m en. G e n e r a l S ir B r y a n M a h o n r e m a rk e d th a t h e w a s g la d to h a v e th e h o n o u r o f in s p e c t in g the jo in t d e ta c h m e n ts , a n d he c o n g r a tu la te d th e m e m b e rs o n t h e ir s m a rt a p p e a ra n c e a n d tu rn o u t. N o w o rd s o f h is c o u ld e x p re s s the g ra titu d e o f the A r m y fo r w h a t th e o r g a n is a tio n s h a d d o n e fo r it, a n d n o o n e c o u ld s a y th a t th e la d ie s o f Ir e la n d h a d n ot d o n e t h e ir d u t y in e v e ry w ay. L a d y A r n o t a n d L a d y T a lb o t de M a la h id e a t t h is s ta g e o f th e p r o c e e d in g s p re se n te d th e c u p s to the w in n in g team s. R e p lic a s o f th e c u p s w ere p re se n te d to in d iv id u a l m e m b e rs o f th e team w in n in g th e c u p , e x c e p t the la s t m e n tio n e d . In th a t in s t a n c e th e m e m b e rs w ere p re se n te d w ith p o c k e t firs t a id ca se s. M r . J u s t ic e R o s s p ro p o se d a v o te o f t h a n k s to S ir B r y a n M a h o n fo r a tte n d in g the fu n c tio n a n d in s p e c t in g th e d e ta c h m e n ts, w h ic h w a s se c o n d e d b y S ir M a u r ic e D o c k w e ll. T h e m o tio n w a s p a ss e d , a n d a fte r c h e e rs h a d b e e n g iv e n fo r S ir B r y a n M a h o n , the p ro c e e d in g s w e re b ro u g h t to a c o n c lu s io n . D

iv in e

e r v ic e

a t h m in e s

O n th e in v it a t io n o f th e V e n e r a b le A r c h d e a c o n F r ic k e r to th e S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e , a n d w ith th e c o -o p e ra tio n o f

T h i s p h o t o g ra p h s h o w s a n im p r o v e d ‘,t ro lle y fo r the c o n v e y a n c e o f p a tie n t s i n 'l a r g e h o s p ita ls ),to a n d [fro m th e o p e r a t in g th e a tre . B y th e o p e ra t io n o f a le v e r the tw o la r g e r w h e e ls a re b r o u g h t in to p la y so th a t th e jo u r n e y a lo n g th e c o r r id o r s m a y be e ffe cte d w ith a m in im u m o f v ib r a t io n . T h e t ro lle y w a s d e s ig n e d b y M a j o r C . W . M . H o p e , M . D , R . A . M . C . , fo r u se in th e St. J o h n A m b u lo n c e H o s p it a ls a n d h a v e p r o v e d e x t r e m e ly s u c c e s s fu l. in - C h ie f th e H o m e F o r c e s . P r e v io u s to h is in s p e c t io n o f the W a r d s — V is c o u n t F r e n c h in s p e c t e d o v e r 100 o ffic e rs a n d m e n a n d 150 N u r s in g O ffic e rs a n d S is t e rs o f th e N o . 12 ( I r i s h ) D is t r ic t S . J .A .B .

A u x ilia r y H o s p ita ls fo rm e d u n d e r the J o in t V .A .D . Committee f o r Ire la n d . H o s p it a l. T h e Ir i s h C o u n t ie s W a r H o s p it a l H e r m it a g e A u x . M il. H o s . C o . K ild a r e A u x . M il. H o s . A u t - E v e n A u x . M il. H o s ., K ilk e n n y C o . L o u t h A u x . M il. H o s .

B e d s.

C o . M e a th A u x . H o s p it a l T u d e n h a m A u x . H o s . fo r O ffic e rs , M u llin g a r C o . W e s tm e a th A u x . H o s .

2 70 80 40 20 40

40.

I n C h a rg e . L t .- C o l. S e to n P r in g le , R .A .M .C . T h e H o n . M rs . B a rry . M is s C a r re . D r. C . D re n n a n . T h e H o n . L a d y B e llin g ham . M r s . N ic h o ls o n . T h e H o n . M rs. T o tte rham . M rs. J. L o ck e .

— F IR ST

A ID

T .

THE

ST.

J O G

H A

JOH N

N Z

Our W ork for th e Sick and W ounded. (A

e r ie s

H e a d in g

r t ic l e s

based

JoiNT

w il l

th e

W a r

la s t

ppear

R ep ort

u n d er

o f

th is

th e

C o m m itte e ).

T w o facts justify the claim that the work of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John is unique. 1. The Joint War Committee of the two Societies is the only institution which carries voluntary aid to the sick and wounded of the British forces on land and sea in every region of the war. 2. Its work is therefore the concern of all classes of British subjects, whether living at home, in the Dominions and Colonies beyond the seas, or in foreign countries. The magnificent response of the whole Empire to the appeal based on these facts has raised a fund of more than ^,7,000,000 for Red Cross work,* which spread over three continents— Europe, Asia and Africa— involves an expendi ture of over ^50,000 a week, and benefits alike the sick and wounded of all branches of His Majesty’s forces, from whatever part of the Empire they have come, and also, in a secondary degree, the sick and wounded of the Allies. The work is done with the full approval of the Admiralty and the War Office, and in cordial co-operation with the Medical Services. It is the pride of the Red Cross that in every crisis in the campaigns of Great Britain and her Allies it has been able to supplement the untiring work of the official Services. The following facts are quoted in illustration to this :— 1. The first Red Cross Unit of doctors and nurses left England for Brussels on August 12th, 1914, and be tween that time and the fall of Brussels on August 20th, six such parties arrived, and did invaluable service in reliev ing the most acute period of Belgian distress. 2. When the retreat from Mons had shown the inadequacy of the old horse ambulances, the Red Cross evolved the standard pattern of motor ambulances, and in a few weeks raised a motor ambulance fleet of some 500 vehicles. 3. At about the same time the Stores Department was established, so that every hospital requirement could be supplied at a few hours’ notice. For example, early in 1915 the Stores Department despatched to Calais a com plete hospital for enteric, capable of accommodating 156 patients, with every requirement, from the wards themselves (huts, packed and sent in sections) to bedding and drugs, together with the hospital persotinel. 4. When the typhus epidemic was rampant in Serbia, the Red Cross sent unlimited hospital stores in the yacht “ Erin,” kindly lent by Sir Thomas Lipton. 5. The Gallipoli campaign was the occasion for setting up a huge organisation in the Mediteranean, from a Red Cross store actually established on the shores of * T h e w ords “ R e d C ro ss,” here and elsewhere, im p ly the Jo in t W a r Com m ittee o f the B ritis h JR e d C ross Society and the O rder of St. Jo h n .

AM BULANCE

A T

M E

GAZETTE. —

S e p te m b e r , 1 9 1 7 .

Gallipoli to base hospitals in Malta, Cairo and Alexandria. In a large degree the services of this organisation have now been devoted to the Salonika campaign. 6. The organisation of a Red Cross transport service in Mesopotamia, by motor-boats on the Tigris and motor ambulances on land, was one of the special tasks of 1916, and has been brought now to a pitch of efficiency, with store depots established and our launches working right up to Baghdad, that won the highest praise from the Army authorities. 7. The past year, too, has seen an amplification of the services rendered to Britain’s Allies— to Italy, to Russia in the Caucasus, to stricken Rumania— and among other things the co-ordination and control under official regulations by the Central Prisoners of War Committee of the despatch of parcels to British prisoners of war. 8. In France and Flanders there has been increase and expansion in many directions— the motor ambulance services, the provision of advanced stores depots, and many other things— while at home special attention is being devoted to the after-care and rehabilitation of the disabled. These latter operations include wide subsidy and support for the orthopaedic and curative workshop treatments, the care of neurasthenic, paralysed and epileptic men. The main features of the work as it exists to-day may may be gathered from the following accounts of the various departments, both abroad and at home:— Red Cross work for the sick and wounded of our own and Allies’ Armies abroad falls under three heads— their transport by motor ambulance and hospital train, the pro vision of hospital stores and the provision of hospitals. The grim scenes of the great retreat from Belgium be fore the battle of the Marne, showed the absolute need of speedy and comfortable transit for War’s victims. The Joint Committtee has over 1,100 motor ambu lances serving the British Army in France and Belgium, 150 with the French Army and 25 with the Belgian. Large repair shops have been established at Boulogne and between 400 and 500 other motor vehicles, including lorries, repair wagons, touring cars and cycles, assist the transport of the wounded, a personnel of over 1,500 being employed. Six fully equipped convoys of 50 ambulance cars each are working with the British Army on the front lines, and three convoys with the French army have done good work at Verdun and elsewhere. Besides these forward convoys the Joint Committee’s ambulances now carry on the whole of the work on the lines of communication. One hundred ambulances have been sent to Mesopotamia, 60 to Italy, 46 to Salonika, 50 to Russia, 36 to Malta and Egypt, 6 to East Africa, and over 460 vehicles are employed at home. The working and maintenence of such a large fleet of cars involves an expenditure of approximately ^,4,500 per week. Altogether, four hospitals trains have been placed at the disposal of the army through the Red Cross. Each is designed to carry 450 men, but can carry 500 in times of pressure. The train known as “ No. 11,” carried in less than 12

Se p te m ber, 1 9 1 7 .

—

F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

months over 26,000 patients. For the provision and up keep of these trains the Societies have already spent over ^60,000. Appended is a list of hospitals and convalescent homes established in France under the auspices of the Red C ro s s:— St. John Etaples.

Ambulance Brigade Hospital,

No. 1, Red Cross (Duchess beds ; Le Toquet.

520

bed,

of Westminster’s), T50

No. 2, Red Cross (Duchess of Westminster’s) bed, Rouen. No. 5, Wimereux.

Red

Cross (Lady Hadfield’s),

No. 6, Red Cross 252 beds, Etaples.

100

(Liverpool Merchants’

250 beds,

Mobile)>

No. 8, Red Cross (Baltic and Corn Exchange), 250 beds, Paris-Plage. No. 9 Red Cross (Millicent Sutherland Ambulance), 100 beds. Calais. NoTreport.

10, Red

Canadian

Cross (Lady Murray),

Convalescent

Home,

50 beds,

beds,

Dieppe.

Gournay Detention Hospital, 14 beds, and Forgesles-Eaux, 15 beds, attached to Veterinary Camps. Store depots at Boulogne, Rouen, Malta, Alexandria, Salonika, Bombay, Bazra, and Killindini (East Africa), have been established, to which articles for the wounded are sent in bulk from the headquarters in London. It may be said that there is nothing required for the equip ment of a hospital or thecomfort of a sick man that these depots do not contain. The rate of expenditure incurred in maintaining the stocks in these Store depots at the level'required to ensure efficiency, has increased rapidly, and in the current year during the first six months the monthly average has attained the high figure of ^8o,ooo. The most important contribution to the care of the wounded on their journey back to England has been the establishment of Rest Stations at important junctions, namely, at Boulogne, Abbeville, Buchy and Hesdigneul. In a single week 30,000 men were fed and 1,500 dressings done at one station alone. The work is specially praised by the Army, and is particularly appreciated by the staffs of the Ambulance Trains. Other useful V.A.D. work includes the establishment of two hospitals for the use of the men in the Veterinary Camps, staffing of Nurses’ Clubs at the various hospital bases in France and of the Canteen-recreation huts and convalescent camps. The latter is a new venture, which is proving very successful. There are also two V.A.D . hostels in France which offer hospitality to the relatives of dangerously wounded officers. These hostels, at Rouen and La Touquet, are extremely comfortable and home-like, and the house work and cooking in connection with them is carried out entirely by members of the V.A.Ds. The Graves Registration Commission, which now works under the War Office, is supported by a general contribution of ,£100 a week from Red Cross Funds, from which source are defrayed all the expenses in connection with the photographs of the graves which are sent to the relatives of the fallen, and the planting with flowers the cemeteries in which the soldiers lie buried.

■ i'--

(T o be continued.')

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

The Grand Priory of th e Order of th e H ospital of S t. John of Jeru salem in England. Chancery o f the Order , St. fohn's Gate , Clerkenw ell , London , E .C ., A ugust 25 th, 1 9 1 7 . T h e K in g h a s b e e n g r a c io u s ly p le a s e d to s a n c t io n the fo llo w in g p ro m o tio n in , a n d a p p o in t m e n t s to, th e O r d e r o f the H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d

A s K nights of Grace : C o lo n e l C h a r le s G o r d o n W a t s o n , C .M . G ., F . R . C . S . , A .M .S . T h e H o n . S ir E d w a r d A lb e r t G a it , K . C . S . I . , C . I . E . T h e H o n . S ir A r c h d a le E a r le , K . C . l . E . W illia m E d w a r d A u d la n d , M .R .C .S . (fro m H o n o r a r y A s s o c ia t e ).

A s Ladies o f Gra-e : A n a s t a s ie , L a d y C h e e th a m . J e s s ic a O c ta v ia , M r s . W . R . S to b a rt. U n a , L a d y O ’D w y e r . E t h e l M a b e l, L a d y S a n d e rs o n . A le s s a n d r a , M rs . H a ile y . T h e D u c h e s s o f B e a u fo rt.

A s Honorary Serving Brothers : J a m e s E la m . J o s e p h A lb e r t Jo w e tt. Jo s e p h H o w e ll.

A s Honorary Serving Sisters : A n n ie G e r t r u d e , M r s . H o lm e s . B e a t r ic e A n n ie , M is s C o llin s o n . E ls ie , M is s D e n t it h .

F o r Enrolm ent as Honorary Associate: C o lo n e l A lf r e d E r n e s t C o n q u e r K e b le , D . S , 0 ., R . A . M . C . C o m m a n d e r D a y r e ll D a v ie s , R .N .

We are requested by L'eut -Col. A. C. Yate, late Hon. Organising Commissioner for the St. John Ambulance Association in India, to make the following comments on the article by Col. R. J. Blackham, D.S O., on the Indian Branch which appeared in our June and July issues. (a) Lord Kitchener’s appointment of Major R. J. Blackham (as he then was) as Hon. Secretary to the Indian Branch was made early in 1909 on the recommendation of the Hon. Organising Commissioner at the meeting of the Central Executive Committee held on January 14th, 1909, at St. John’s Gate. (b) The Railway Volunteer Challenge Shields were presented to the Indian Branch by H .R .H . the Grand Prior and the Chapter General of the Order on the recom mendation of Lieut.-Col. Yate himself in 1903 and 1904 respectively, and not in 1906 as stated in Col. Blackham’s article. (c) Col. Yate considers that the great obligations under which the Indian Branch lies to Mr. Vivian Gabriel for the conspicuous services which he rendered from the time of the formation of Lord Curzon’s Committee in 1905 to the Coronation Durbar of 1911 should be clearly acknow ledged. We are pleased to be able to announce that the article entitled “ The Genesis of the Indian Branch,” from the pen of Lieut.-Col. Yate himself will appear in our autumn issues, and will deal authoritatively with the earliest days of the Association in India prior to the period covered by Col. Blackham’s article.

— FIR ST

V.A.D. T he

A ID

THE

ST.

JOH N

N ew s.

following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department 0f the Joint V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading.— E d i t o r .

In consequence of reorganisation in the National Service Department, all nursing V .A .D .’s are in future to apply to the headquarters of the Women’s Voluntary Aid Detachments, Devonshire House. * * * We desire to offer our sincere condolence to the Order of St. John and to the relatives of two of its mem bers, whose names have recently been added to the Roll of Honour. The first, Miss Margaret E. Evans, Lincoln 10, S.J.A.B., was posted to the Litcoln Military Hospital on May 14th, 1915, and was transferred to France in July, 1916. She died of cerebro-spinal meningitis on July 22nd, 1917. Miss Irene Williams, Hants 168 T .B , served at Tooting Military Hospital from November 15th, 1915, to May 3rd, 1916, and at the Cambridge Hospital, Aldershot, from August ist, 1916, to February 28th, 1917, when she was obliged to resign owing to nervous strain and heart attacks. She died on May 15th, 1917.

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

Se p te m ber, 19 1 7 .

considerable changes in their terms of service, and could not for the moment make any definite offer. The new terms have now been arranged, and large numbers of General Service members will be wanted imme diately.

G eneral L etter of th e Joint V.A.D. C om m ittee to County Directors. I

you the following for your information :— The Committee have appointed Miss Wilson Acting Secretary. R e the War Service Bar. May I point out that though a member may serve the requisite number of hours— viz., 2,688 before she has served for thirteen months, the War Service Bar ought not to be allotted until the thirteen months have elapsed. If we do not observe this rule faith fully, we penalise the members serving in Military Hospitals who cannot get the Bar under 13 months. Enrolment of aliens. County Directors are asked to take great care in enrolling persons of whom they have little knowledge, in Voluntary Aid Detachments. Enquiry should be made as to whether they are of British origin. * * If the candidate is an alien or either or both parents are, * or have been at any time, alien subjects, full particulars, Summary of Work for 4 weeks ending August 28th, with two references, must be forwarded to me for transmis 1917 : sion to the War Office before the person is accepted as a 733 members have been posted during the 4 weeks member. I will forward the necessary forms to any from August ist to 28th, allocated as follows:— County Director upon application. A t H ome— Where the application of any such person, I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s .............................................. 334 approved by the War Office, is forwarded to Devonshire In N a v a l „ „ — I n A u x ilia r y „ „ I0 3 House, County Directors are asked kindly to forward at A broad— the same time the official alien forms referred to above. I n M ilit a r y „ „ ,,6 The War Office have stated that they wish all N o t in W a r d s ........................................................................... .... applications regarding aliens to be forwarded through my U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e , N u r s in g ................................ 18 office. 20 <> » ,, N o n - N u r s i n g .................................. Treatment of discharged soldiers and sailors. I have G e n e r a l S e r v ic e M e m b e rs in M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s 57 asked the Ministry of Pensions what arrangements they will n 11 N aval ,, ,, 1 make for a supply of the necessary forms and instructions A u x ilia r y to County Directors, but I have not yet received their reply. T o ta l I am always interested and glad to receive copies of 733 the Annual Report of the work in your counties. The total number of members now at work is 9,789, We are experiencing great difficulty in completing the allocated as follows :— arrangements regarding railway vouchers for leave. Mean time, will County Directors very kindly see that Com A t H ome— I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s „ ............... mandants do not insert the word “ leave” on the Duty 5,36o G e n e r a l S e r v i c e .................. 608 n » 11 Vouchers. I am informed that the booking clerks have In N a v a l „ „ no right to question any member who presents a duty G e n e r a l S e rv ic e ... ... 12 In 51 11 11 voucher. I n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a ls .................................. 853 T he War Office ask me to tell you that beyond closing A broad — auxiliary hospitals of 10 beds and under, it is not proposed I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a ls .................................. 2,302 to proceed at present any further in the matter. I am U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e ... .................................. 610 asked to convey to you an assurance of the warm gratitude of the Army Council to all of these hospitals, and their 9,789 appreciation of the excellent work which they have done 394 new applications for Nursing and General Service for the nation. have been received during the past four weeks. I should be glad if you would instruct your Command The averagenumber of postings per week for this ants to report to you cases of members wearing uniform month is verylittlelower than that for July,consideringnot of the regulation pattern which has been sold to them that August is the great holiday month of the year ; and as correct uniform. I hope shortly to get the trade papers the increase of 315 in the total number at work may for to help us in publishing exactly what the regulation the same reason be considered very satisfactory. uniform is, and we shall then be able to tell our members The fall in the number of new applications from 721 that they can return irregular uniform to the shop which to 394 may be accounted for not only by the holiday sold it and claim refund of their money. season, but also by the fact that while certain sections were Yours faithfully, known to be well provided with candidates, others, such as C h ilsto n , the Military General Service Section, were contemplating C h i e f C o u n t y Director. send

Se p te m ber, 1 9 1 7

— F IR ST

N o tes

and

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

N ew s.

A very special effort is required to maintain the previ ous success of “ Our D a y ” which falls this year on October 18ch. The daily urgent calls for funds to meet present needs are constantly occurring and payments are often in excess of income, so that without continual help and a generous support of “ Our Day ” appeal the work of mercy now being cairitd on abroad as well as at home, of which some particulars appear in this issue, will be most seriously impeded. It is hoped, therefore, that all branches of the Order’s organisation will co-operate with headquarters and the Joint War Committee to make “ Our D a y ” this year a great success. V In connection with an appeal which has been issued by a body styled the “ Red Star Society ” for funds for the establishment of depots where first aid appliances can be obtained, and for the training of volunteers to assist in the event of Air Raids, it seems well to point out that such arrangements are in the hands of the police authorities, with

ro u p

o m petito r s

for

th e

“ D

o u g l a s

whom the St. John Ambulance Brigade works in the closest co-operation. The Ambulance Department of the Order has met all demands in the past, and has offered, and is prepared, to open any additional depots and provide any further assistance the police may require. * * * It will be of interest to members of V .A .D .’s to know, after the disappointments which have been experienced in this matter, that the Railway Executive Committee, the War Office and the Treasury have now consented to per mit the use of Leave Vouchers on and after September 14th, 1917, on the conditions set forth in par. 1 of the General Letter published last month. *** The attention of those anxious to obtain instruction in First Aid or Home Nursing is invited to the following classes now assembled or assembling :— F

ir st

o m en

N o rth a m p to n P o ly t e c h n ic In s t it u t e , C le r k e n w e ll. ( H o n . S e c. M is s A . M . T u c k ) . T u e s d a y e v e n in g s , 7 .3 0 , c o m m e n c in g S e p te m b e r 25th . F e e 3s. G i r l s ’ H ig h S c h o o l, C h u r c h H i ll , W a lt h a m s to w .

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

(H o n . S e c. M r . R . D e m s e y , I , S e lb o rn e - r o a d , W a lt h a m sto w ). W e d n e s d a y e v e n in g s , c o m m e n c in g |a n u a r y 9 th , 1918. F e e 5s. E u s t a c e M ile s R e s t a u r a n t , C h a n d o s -s tre e t, S t r a n d . ( H o n . S e c. M is s B a d d e le y , 8 7, C a d o g a n - g a r d e n s , S .W . 3 ). T h u r s d a y s a t 8 o ’c lo c k , c o m m e n c in g 6 th S e p te m b e r. F e e 4s. Q u e e n A n n e ’s C h a m b e r s , 4 1 , T o t h ill- s t r e e t , W e s t m in s te r. ( H o n . S e c. M is s B a d d e le y , a s a b o v e ). T u e s d a y s , 3 p .m ., c o m m e n c in g O c to b e r 2 n d . F e e 12s. 6d. C h u rc h In s t it u t e , T h r e e C o lt- s t r e e t , L im e h o u s e . ( H o n . S e c. M is s H is lo p , 20, D ix o n - s t r e e t , L im e h o u s e , E. 14). A lt e r n a t e W e d n e s d a y s , c o m m e n c in g 2 5 th S e p te m b e r. H

om e

u r sin g

o m en

Q u e e n A n n e ’s C h a m b e rs , 4 1 , T o t h ill- s t r e e t , W e s t m in s te r. H o n . S e c. M is s B a d d e le y , a s a b o v e ). F r id a y s , 11 a .m ., c o m m e n c in g O c to b e r 5th. F e e 12s. 6d. G ir ls ’ H ig h S c h o o l, C h u rc h H ill, W a lt h a m s t o w . ( H o n . S e c . M r . R . D e m p s e y , I , S e lb o r n e - r o a d , W a lt h a m th a m sto w ). A lt e r n a t e W e d n e s d a y s , c o m m e n c in g O c to b e r 3 rd . F e e 5s. F

ir st

E u s t a c e M ile s R e s t a u r a n t , C h a n d o s -s t r e e t , S t ra n d . ( H o n . S e c . M is s B a d d e le y , a s a b o v e ). T h u r s d a y s , at 7. 15 p .m . F e e 4s.

”

h ield

ou th

ales

is t r ic t

St. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E . C . ( H o n . S e c. M r . F . C . P e a rc e , S t. J o h n ’s -G a t e ). T u e s d a y s at 6 p .m . C o m m e n c in g O c to b e r 2 n d . F e e 4s. L im e h o u s e . ( H o n . S e c. M r . H e llie r , 2 2 , A r b o u r - s q u a r e , S te p n e y , E . I. E n d o f S e p te m b e r. N . B . — C la s s S e c r e t a rie s a re a s k e d to n o t ify th e C h ie t S e c re t a r y o f p a r t ic u la r s o f a n y c la s s e s th e y m a y b e fo rm in g .

V B R IG A D E B .O .

3 0 5.— A

n n u a l

ORDERS. R

-e

x a m in a tio n s

N e w a rr a n g e m e n t s fo r B r ig a d e R e -e x a m in a t io n s h a v e n o w b e e n a p p ro v e d , a n d w ill co m e in to fo rc e a s a n d fro m is t O c t., 1 9 1 7 . F r o m th a t d a te it w ill b e u n n e c e s s a ry fo r B r ig a d e m e m b e rs w h o w is h to b e e x a m in e d fo r A s s o c ia t io n a w a r d s to a p p ly fo r a s p e c ia l fo rm . T h e o r d in a r y B r ig a d e A n n u a l R e - e x a m in a tio n w ill t h e n c e fo rw a rd be c a r r ie d o u t on B . F . 1 ia , a n d s u c c e s s fu l c a n d id a te s w ill b e c o m e e lig ib le fo r th e a w a rd o f the A s s o c ia tio n w h ic h t h e ir p r e v io u s a tt a in m e n t s q u a lif y th e m to re c e iv e . T h e B r ig a d e Y e a r , so fa r a s th e R e - e x a m in a t io n fo r e ffic i e n c y is c o n c e rn e d , w ill e x te n d o v e r th e p e r io d is t J a n . to 3 1 s t D e c ., a n d , w ith re fe re n c e to R u le 24 o f B r ig a d e G e n e r a l R e g u la t io n s , p a r a g r a p h 4, p a g e 12, th e R e - e x a m in a t io n s s h o u ld be h e ld b e tw e e n th e is t J a n u a r y a n d th e is t J u ly .

— FIR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

The procedure will be as follows :— The Deputy-Commissioner will be provided from Headquarters with a supply of the necessary forms, i.e., B.F., na, B.F. 1 ib, gummed slips, and envelopes addressed to the Chief Secretary. When application for Re-examination is made to the Deputy Commissioner, it will be necessary that the prob able number of candidates for examination and the name and address of the Examiner shall be stated. If he approves the application, the Deputy Com missioner will send :— (а) To the Examiner : One (or more, according to the number of candi dates) copy of the B.F. 11a direct, together with an envelope addressed to the Chief Secretary. (б) To the Officer in charge of the Division : B.F. lib (in triplicate) and gummed slips. (If there are many candidates, it may be necessary to send additional copies of these forms). The Divisional Officer or Secretary will enter the names of the whole Division, together with their classi fication., on B.F. 11 b (in triplicate) and on the gummed slips, and hand them to the Examiner at the commence ment of the examination. On the conclusion of the exami nation, the Examiner will enclose B.F. 11a (to which the gummed slip is now affixed) and B.F. 11b (in triplicate) in the envelope provided, and forward them to the Chief Secretary. The latter will enter the result of the exami nation on the B.Fs. n b and send them to the Chief Com missioner, who will arrange for their distribution. B.o. 306.—

L e g g in g s a n d B r e e c h e s T r a n s p o r t D riv e rs.

fo r

M a le

The wearing of black breeches and black leggings by Male Transport Drivers is hereby sanctioned. B.O.

307.-

T itle s o f D istrict and C orps (A m b u la n c e a n d N u rsin g ).

O ffice rs

The titles of tDistrict and Corps Officers will be follows :— District Superintendent J District Secretary I ^ „ District Treasurer I District Officer. District Inspector of Stores ' Lady District Secretary J Lady Lady District Treasurer I District Lady District Inspector of Stores J Officer. Corps Secretary ] Corps Treasurer Corps Officer. Corps Inspector of Stores J Lady Corps Secretary J Lady Lady Corps Treasurer Corps Lady Corps Inspector of Stores J Officer.

The titles of Lady District Superintendent, Corps Super intendent, and Lady Corps Superintendent will be retained. B.O. 308.—

R e p re se n ta tio n o f B rig a d e C o m m itte e .

V.A.D.

The Chief Commissioner has been appointed a repre sentative member of the Order of St. John on the Central Joint V.A.D. Committee, and will represent the St. John Ambulance Brigade thereon. B.O. 309.— A

m endm ent

B.O. 299.

Badge

N um bers.

The number on the Sleeve Badge (for Officers only) is 64, not 46, and the number of the red-cross-on-white Hat Badge is 65. B.O. 310.— O

rd ers

fo r S tores, S ta tio n e ry .

e tc ., o n

B rig a d e

All requisitions for stores and supplies, whether accom panied by remittance or not, must be made on official stationery bearing the title of the Division (showing whether Ambulance or Nursing), the title of the Corps, if the Division forms part of a Corps, the No. of the District, and the names and addresses of the Divisional Superintendent and Divisional Secretary, no other names being required. Failure to comply with this regu

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. -

S eptem ber, 1 9 1 7 .

la t io n is b o u n d to o c c a s io n d e la y , o w in g to th e " tim e ta k e n in f in d in g o u t th e se d e ta ils , w h ic h m u st be k n o w n b e fo re the o rd e r c a n b e e xe cu te d . B .O .

311.— R

o ll

o f

H o n o u r, D e c o r a tio n s , A w a rd s, etc.

O ffic e rs o f C o r p s a n d D iv is io n s a re re q u e s te d to n o tify t h e ir D e p u t y - C o m m is s io n e r [ o f th e n a m e s o f m e m b e rs w ho h a v e re c e iv e d r e c o g n it io n o f s e r v ic e s fro m a n y s o u rc e , w h e th e r s u c h m e m b e r e n lis t e d th ro u g h the B r ig a d e o r jo in e d the C o lo u r s d ire c t. I t is a ls o re q u e s te d th a t, in s im ila r fa s h io n , the n a m e o f a n y m e m b e r o f th e B r ig a d e w h o h a s fa lle n in a c tio n , o r o th e rw is e d ie d o n A c t iv e S e r v ic e , b e b ro u g h t to the n o tic e o f the D e p u t y - C o m m is s io n e r c o n c e rn e d , in o r d e r th a t re c o rd s m a y be k e p t u p to date. D e p u t y - C o m m is s io n e r s , w h e n re p o rt in g s a m e to H e a d q u a r t e r s , w ill g iv e th e n a m e o f the D iv is io n to w h ic h th e m e m b e r b e lo n g e d p r io r to e n lis tm e n t, a s w e ll as B r ig a d e r a n k ; the n a m e o f th e s e r v ic e u n it a n d r a n k ; a n d . in th e c a s e o f c a s u a lt ie s , th e d a te o f d e a th . B .O . 3 1 2 — R e g u l a t i o n

Badges,

E tc.

T h e R e g u la t io n B a d g e s , B u tt o n s a n d T it le s o f th e StJ o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e c a n o n ly be s u p p lie d — 1. T o O ffic e rs w ith th e a p p r o v a l o f th e D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r o f th e D is t ric t . 2. T o C o r p s a n d D iv is io n s , o n th e w ritte n o r d e r o f the O ffic e r o r o th e r m e m b e r in c h a rg e . 3. T o a n in d iv id u a l m e m b e r, o n p ro d u c tio n o f a n a u t h o rit y , g iv in g th e n a m e s o f th e m e m b e rs , a n d a lis t o f the a rt ic le s to be s u p p lie d , s ig n e d b y th e O ffic e r o r o th e r m e m b e r in c h a rg e o f h e r u n it. 4. T o firm s s u p p ly in g u n ifo rm s , o n p r o d u c tio n o f an a u t h o r it y g iv in g th e n a m e s o f the m e m b e rs , a n d a lis t o f the a rt ic le s to be s u p p lie d , s ig n e d b y the O ffic e r o r o th e r m e m b e r in c h a rg e o f th e u n it to w h ic h th e y b e lo n g . 5. In e v e ry in s t a n c e th e a u t h o r it y m u s t b e w ritte n on o ffic ia l s ta tio n e ry , a n d th e o ffic ia l n u m b e rs o f th e b a d g e s a n d b u tto n s q u o te d . 6. U n le s s the p u r c h a s e r h a s a n a c c o u n t w ith th e A s s o c ia tio n , a re m itta n c e , c o v e r in g th e v a lu e o f th e o rd e r, m u st a c c o m p a n y it. N o n - o b s e r v a n c e o f th e a b o v e c o n d it io n s w ill c a u s e u n n e c e s s a r y w o rk a n d d e la y . B .O . 3 1 3 .— V

o lu n te er

ie ld

m bu lan ce

I t is n o tifie d fo r g e n e r a l in fo rm a t io n th a t V o lu n t e e r F ie ld A m b u la n c e s a re b e in g r a is e d in v a r io u s c o u n tie s , a s p a rt, a n d u n d e r the c o m m a n d of, the V o lu n t e e r F o r c e . O ffe rs o f h e lp a re b e in g m a d e to th o se re s p o n s ib le fo r r a is in g th e se V . F . A . ’s, i.e., the L o r d L ie u t e n a n t o r C o u n t y C o m m a n d a n t in s u c h c o u n t ie s a s it is c o n s id e re d p o s s ib le to ra is e a B r ig a d e V .F .A . T h e c o n d it io n s o f s e rv ic e a n d g e n e r a l re g u la t io n s h a v e b e e n is s u e d in A r m y C o u n c il In s t r u c t io n s , w h ic h m a y be o b ta in e d o n a p p lic a t io n to the C o u n t y T e r r it o r ia l F o r c e A s s o c ia tio n . T h e m e th o d o f p ro c e d u re is a s fo llo w s :— T h e S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l o f th e O r d e r , h a v in g b e e n n o tifie d b y th e C h ie f C o m m is s io n e r in w h a t c o u n tie s it w o u ld be p o s s i b le to ra is e a c o m p le te V . F . A . a n d p erso n n el, o ffe rs the s a m e to the L o r d L ie u t e n a n t s o f s u c h c o u n tie s . I f a c c e p te d , the D e p u t y - C o m m is s io n e r is n o tifie d a n d re q u e s te d to c o lle c t the p e r so n n e l o f th e V . F . A . , a n d s u b m it to the L o r d L ie u t e n a n t o r C o u n t y C o m m a n d a n t (V o lu n t e e r s ) fo r re c o g n itio n . I t is d e s ir a b le t h a t s u c h c o m p le te V . F . A . s h o u ld b e re c o g n is e d a s a St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e V . F . A . , a n d its s tre n g th k e p t u p fro m m e m b e rs o f the B rig a d e . S h o u ld a c o m p le te V . F . A . n o t be p o s s ib le fro m a n y o n e b o d y o r a s s o c ia tio n , a n d h e lp be a s k e d o f th e B r ig a d e to c o m p le te s u c h V . F . A . . th e re is n o o b je c t io n to a s e c tio n b e in g fo rm e d fro m the B r ig a d e , the V . F . A . in t h is c a s e b e in g a m ix e d one. I t m u st be u n d e rs to o d th a t th e V . F . A . o n c e fo rm e d a n d a c c e p te d c o m e s u n d e r th e o rd e rs o f the C o u n t y C o m m a n d a n t, V o lu n t e e r F o r c e , as p a rt o f the C o u n t y V o lu n t e e r M e d ic a l C o rp s , a n d th a t m e m b e rs o f the B r ig a d e a lr e a d y b e lo n g in g to a V . A . D . c a n n o t b e ta k e n fo r th e p e r so n n e l o f a V . F . A . w ith o u t the k n o w le d g e a n d s a n c t io n o f the C o u n t y D ir e c t o r .

— F I R S T

S e p te m b er , 1 9 1 7 .

CONTENTS E

T H IS

Chief Inspector of Mines under the Home Office (Chair

NUM BER.

man) ; Dr. J. S. Haldane, Briggs,

—

d it o r ia l

T h e N e c e s s it y o f F ir s t A id D

is t r ic t

epo rts

h e

St . Jo

h n ’s

D.Sc.,

m bu lance

azette

the

L.L.D.,

F.R.S.,

Heriot-Watt

and

College.

Dr.

Mr.

Richardson has been appointed Secretary to the Co m mittee,

—

N o . 1 ; N o . 2 ; N o . 4 ; N o . 5 ; N o . 12 T

A ID . —

and

Dr.

Henry

Briggs

has

been

constituted

Director of the Inquiry. *** T w o new types of motor ambulances of an interesting

—

O u r W o r k fo r th e S ic k a n d W o u n d e d

T h e G r a n d P r io r y o f th e O r d e r o f the H o s p it a l of St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d

V .A .D . N ew s

...

kind have been designed and put into commission by the Motor Ambulance Department of the Joint War Co m mittee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John,

G e n e r a l L e t t e r o f th e J o in t V . A . D . C o m m itte e to th e C o u n t y D ir e c t o r s

N o te s a n d N e w s

and Surgeon-General Russell, at the War Office, the ambu-

After inspection by Surgeon-General Sir A.

Keogh

laces have been despatched oversea for further trial and

F if t y D o n ’ ts fo r F ir s t A id S tu d e n ts ... A n Im p r o v is e d A m b u la n c e W a g o n F r a m e w o r k

42 42

inspection by the military medical authorities there.

Q u e rie s a n d A n s w e r s to C o rre s p o n d e n t s

constructed that a patient may be carried a considerable

B r e v it ie s

e v ie w s

...

One of the new vehicles is a single-bed ambulance, so distance in comparative comfort.

:—

44 45

G e n e r a l S e r v ic e H in t s to V . A . D . M e m b e rs T h e R e p o r t o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e

special

two-bed

ambulance.

body

built

with

duplex panels, between which is contained an insulating material. A

B rev ities.

The other vehicle is a

T he

sta tem en t

* * * issued by the Metropolitan Asylums

Board states that last year the road ambulances of that The past month has been notable for further atrocities by the enemy, the Germans having purposely bombs on hospitals.

dropped

The Times Correspondent states that

they deliberately select hospitals for attack.

One night

they bombed three British clearing stations,

Near Verdun, aero

planes dropped bombs on two French hospitals,

which

caught fire, and then came nearer and fired at them with machine-guns.

Four French Red Cross nurses, a male

nurse, and ten wounded men were killed.

At another

hospital the German aeroplanes fired with machine guns at the staff.

Eighteen male nurses were killed, and forty-

nine were wounded.

There is no doubt that these acts

were deliberate, and they add one more stain to the Ger man name.

made for the conveyance of goods institutions. T h e

between the public

Altogether the mileage aggregated 523,541.

** * work carried on in Egypt under the direction of

the Joint War Committee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John covers a vast area of Country from Palestine to the western frontier.

A report received

at the Red Cross Headquarters, 83, Pall-Mall, S.W., shows that the advance base store at El Arish has been enlarged, and the Red Cross has there sufficient supplies to meet almost any emergency.

During June,

for instance,

fewer than 45 medical units were supplied with stores and comforts from the depot at Arish, to which are sent almost daily large quantities of frest fruit for distribution to the sick and wounded.

V T h e

cost of .£34,931, while, in addition, 2,314 journeys were

woundiDg

three nurses, killing one doctor and wounding three others, and killing nine German wounded.

authority conveyed 53,467 patients to hospital at a cost of

Another

advanced store has been

opened at railhead, and is doing valuable work.

Committee of the Privy Council for Scientific

The report contains interesting figures

relating

and Industrial Research, on the recommendation of their

the other branches of Red Cross activity.

Advisory Council and at the request of the Home Office,

kitchens attached to hospitals in Egypt supplied 207,931

Fifteen invalid

have sanctioned the appointment of a Committee with the

invalid diet rations during June and 41,255 in one week in

following terms of reference :—

July; motor boat and motor car trips have been arranged

T o inquire into the types of breathing apparatus used

for 12,232 men; 1,713 packages of goods were sent from

in coal mines, and by experiment to determine the advan

the main stores at Alexandria, 1,379 inquiries have been

tages, limitations, and defects of the several

types

dealt with by the Wounded and Missing Inquiry Depart

apparatus; what improvements in

possible;

them

are

ment; 16,793 books, periodicals, &c., and 40,624 news,

whether is is advisable that the types used in mines should

papers were supplied to hospitals and

be standardised ; and to collect evidence bearing on these

articles were provided in the ladies’ work room at Alex

points. The following gentlemen have been appointed mem

andria, a total to date of 587,315; ambulances and other

bers of the Committee:— Mr.

transit were given refreshments at Ismailia station.

William Walker,

Acting

depots;

vehicles travelled over 14,000 miles and 4,607

50,236

men

— F I R S T

A ID .

F ifty “ D on’ts ” for First Aid S tu d en ts. B

—

Se p te m ber, 1 9 1 7 .

An Improvised Am bulance W agon Fram ew ork.

S E R G T . J . J A C K S O N , S .J .A . B ., C it y o f G lo u c e s t e r D iv . ( N o . 2 D is t r ic t ) .

By C A M P B E L L H I G H E T , M . B , C.M., M.O. 13 Berks V.A.D.

D o n ’ t d e la y in c a s e s o f h a e m o rrh a g e . D o n ’ t lo s e c o n fid e n c e in y o u r s e lf w h e n t r e a t in g a ca se .

apparatus here illustrated was first used b y me in

D o n ’ t lo s e y o u r te m p e r s h o u ld b y s ta n d e r s c r it ic is e y o u r tre a t m e n t o f a ca se .

D o n ’t ta k e u p o n y o u r s e lf th e d u tie s o f a d o c to r.

Worcester V.A.D. at our annual inspection on June 24th

D o n ’ t n e g le c t to o b s e r v e th e p o s it io n a n d s u r r o u n d in g s o f the p a tie n t.

of that year, when we rigged it up in a horse-drawn four-

D o n ’ t d e la y in r e s c u in g a p a tie n t fro m a ro o m f u ll o f g a s o r sm oke.

Worcester early

1914,

and was

utilised by the 3

wheeled railway light parcel delivery van. But on the outbreak of war, when so many horses were

D o n ’t w a it fo r a p p lia n c e s n o t r e a d ily a v a ila b le — “ im p ro v is e .”

being taken for military duty, we were deprived of the use

D o n ’t d e la y in r e m o v in g fro m c o n ta c t w ith a n e le c t ric c u r r e n t — “ b e c a u t io u s .”

of horsed vehicles, and as motor ambulances were then

D o n ’t g iv e s tim u la n t s in h a e m o rrh a g e . D o n ’t n e g le c t to p ro te c t a w o u n d . D o n ’t le t the h e a d h a n g fo r w a r d in n o s e -b le e d in g . D o n ’t lo w e r a b le e d in g lim b . D o n ’t c a r e le s s ly h a n d le a n in ju re d lim b . D o n ’t d is p la c e c lo ts fro m a w o u n d . D o n ’t ta k e e x t e n s io n in c o m p o u n d fra c tu re . D o n ’t t ry to re d u c e a d is lo c a t io n . D o n ’t p u ll c lo th e s o ff lim b s in b u rn s . D o n ’t e x p o s e b u r n s to th e a ir. D o n ’t le t f o lk s c ro w d ro u n d in s e n s ib le p a tie n ts . D o n ’ t r a is e th e h e a d in fa in tin g . D o n ’t lo w e r th e h e a d in a p o p le x y . D o n ’t lo w e r th e h e a d in s u n s tro k e . D o n ’ t g iv e s t im u la n t s in s u n s tro k e . D o n ’t g iv e a n y t h in g b y the m o u th in a p o p le x y . D o n ’t m is t a k e the m o re s e rio u s fo rm s o f in s e n s ib ilit y fo r a d r u n k e n fit. D o n ’t g iv e a n y t h in g b y th e m o u th in e p ile p s y . D o n ’ t le t a d r u n k e n p e rs o n lie o n th e b a c k . D o n ’ t h e s ita te to b e firm w ith a n h y s t e r ic a l p a tie n t. D o n ’ t d e la y in c u ttin g d o w n in h a n g in g . D o n ’t re sto re c ir c u la t io n b e fo re b r e a t h in g re tu r n s in d r o w n in g D o n ’t g iv e s o lid s o r f lu id s b y th e m o u th d u r in g in s e n s ib ilit y . D o n ’t g iv e e m e tic s in c o r r o s iv e p o is o n in g . D o n ’t g iv e o ils in p h o s p h o ro u s p o is o n in g . D o n ’ t le t a p a tie n t g o to s le e p in o p iu m p o is o n in g . D o n ’t fo rg e t to e x a m in e fo r fa ls e teeth in in s e n s ib ilit y . D o n ’ t p la c e n e a r a fire in fro s tb ite . D o n ’t c a r e le s s ly h a n d le th e e y e w h e n re m o v in g a fo re ig n b o d y . D o n ’t f a il to tre a t s h o c k in a ll c a se s. D o n ’t g iv e a lc o h o lic s tim u la n t s . D o n 't n e g le c t to s e n d fo r a d o c t o r o r s e e k o n e ’s a d v ic e . D o n ’t n e g le c t to k e e p a w a t c h fu l e y e o n y o u r p a tie n t. D o n ’t lo s e h o p e in a n y ca se . D o n ’t j e r k the s tr e tc h e r w h e n lif t in g o r lo w e rin g . D o n ’t r a is e the feet first w h e n lift in g . D o n ’t lo w e r th e h e a d firs t w h e n lo w e rin g . D o n ’t k e e p ste p w h e n m a rc h in g . D o n ’t m a rc h w ith s t r a ig h t k n e e s . D o n ’t u se a n im p r o v is e d s t r e t c h e r w ith o u t t e s tin g it. D o n ’t le a v e y o u r p a tie n t t il l re c o v e r y c h a rg e .

o r so m e o n e h a s ta k e n

When corresponding: with Advertisers please mention “ First Aid ”

being used for the first time in war, it behoved us to keep up with the times, and so I was compelled to seek for suitable conveyances amongst those in use in the “ ancient and faithful city.” Faithful it proved, for I soon fell in with a laundry manager who kindly lent us one of his motor delivery vans, which I found most suitable, with its low-pitched floor, rigid sides to a height of 18 inches or so, and open front. I found, in fact, that almost all the delivery vans, both horsed and motor, then in use were of much the same dimensions, while the one special advan tage of the motor vans lay in the low floor, which greatly facilitated loading. I then experimented with a disused motor mail van with equal success; and this “ tank-like ” vehicle was actually used by us for the transport of two stretcher cases on the memorable occasion of our first turn-out for convoy duty on October 29th, 1914, when we received our quota of 50 Belgian wounded from the trenches at Dixmude. The framework is simple in construction, can easily be put together in a few minutes, occupies little storage space when not in use, and costs only a few shillings. Most of the materials were the gift of friends of the V.A.D., while, with the assistance of members of the detachment, I soon put the various parts together. The framework consists of four white deal uprights, each 4 feet long and 21 inches square, with eight 9 by j inch steel spikes driven into the ends until only 3 inches of each spike projects; four cross-bars— two upper and two lower— each 4 feet long and 2\ inches square ; two upper and two lower ties, each 7 feet long, 3 inches wide and 1 inch thick; and two pairs of diagonal side-ties, each 7 feet 6 inches long, 3 inches wide and 1 inch thick. All wood parts are to be dressed and planed, and may be painted to preserve it. The whole framework when completed stands 4 feet 7 inches high. T o secure greater rigidity a pair of diagonal cross-ties, like the side-ties, may be fixed to the front of the frame work, being held by bolts and butterfly nuts at the ends and where they cross, as in the case of the side-ties. The four cross-bars are bored ( f inch) at 1^ inches from each end to receive the spikes in the floor uprights, and the two upper cross-bars are rounded to take the rope slings. The two lower cross-bars have at each end a flat anglebracket made of steel, 6 inches long each way, 1^ inches broad and ^ inch thick, screwed into their upper surface at 2$ inches from the ends. The four upright each have a mild steel collar, 3 inches deep and £ inch thick bolted at 3 from their lower end by a £ inch bolt, leaving just enough

—

Se p te m ber, 19 1 7 .

F I R S T

A I D .

—

lower ties. Next place the upper ties upon the uprights, and the upper cross-bars on top of these, with the spikes through their holes. Now arrange the rope slings and the lashing cords and prepare to load wagon.

free space for the vertical portion of the angle brackets to pass through. The holes for the £ inch bolts to hold the diagonal side-ties are bored through the sides of the uprights 1 foot from either end, while those for the front diagonal cross ties may be made near to but at right angles to the last.

For loading, the stretchers are lifted well into the wagon, whereupon two bearers, standing on the front of the

The sixteen rope slings for the support of the four stretchers are made of £-inch window sash cord, spliced so as to make loops each 2 feet long.

wagon and leaning over the driver’s seat act along with the rear bearers, raise each stretcher and place the loops over the handles. Finally the lashing cords are fixed.

The upper loops are linked to the upper cross-bars as shown. The lower loops are subsequently attached in a similar manner to the handles of the upper stretchers.

If the owner allows you to make holes in the boarding at the front of wagon to receive the front handles of the stretchers, so much the better.

p r o v is e d

b u l a n c e

a g o n

By C a m p b e l l H 'Q h e t , M e d i c a l O f f i c e r , 13 B e r k s , V.A.D.

floor of <_ Wagon. Tne. F r a m e w o «

k in p e r s p e c t i v e .

____

_ _ ________ ---- ----------------------

S i d e V / £ w s h e w i n g A r r a n g e m e n t o f S i d e Ti e s a n d C o l l a r s

•Roof of Wpfon.

Upright. Spike.ctriver 3 Vc

Upper S id e Tie

Upper Cross Bo

into CJpripAC. qndpm/cci/oo Ji'neAej. Zliagonaf

Side Tie,sAewi*j Boif

flopcSUnfis

& ButterflyNut

Hand) Stretch■ Support Lower

S id e of-

P/oOoti

SHn*.

Lo*arC&fi$jB<L Collar hdd try

S ide View shewing S tretchers slung to Cross Bars .

Army AitfernSfreiclters,

Jft.yinc/ies/orf.areAeresAoH'/i.

T he lower stretchers may be laid on the floor of the wagon, in which case the lower loops are dispensed with.

floor cf

BrcJtdNut ■Lower S/dc Tie. £n

Wagon.

V ie w - L o o k in g

in t o l o a d e d

W a g o in .

I might add that Mr. H. Tyler who gave us the use of the mail van, most generously offered to lend us free of

Window sash-cord inch) is used for lashing the four outer handles of the upper stretchers to the four uprights, and the rear outer handles of the lower stretchers to the rear uprights.

charge the use of a chassis, petrol and driver during the

T o erect the apparatus, first fix the two diagonal sideties of each side to the outer side of their respective pair of uprights, and then fix on the front cross-ties. Now lay the two lower ties lengthwise at each side along the floor of the wagon, with the two lower cross-bars on top. Adjust the four uprights with the collars over the angle brackets and the end spikes through the holes in the cross-bars and

friends, who gave freely of their expert advice, time and material. T he wagon, when completed and used in a modified form for the accommodation of two stretcher and several sitting cases, was regularly used by us, not only between the railway stations but also the large war hospitals at Birmingham, and the V.A.D. Hospital at Worcester, at a total cost to the detachment of not more than £ 1 ,

whole course of the war, if I would undertake to fix up my framework as a more permanent structure upon the chassis. This I eventually did

with the co-operation of several

— F I R S T

Queries and JUiswers Correspondents.

A I D . —

n o t, h o w e v e r, c le a r a s to th e proportion o f time a llo t te d to p re s s u re as c o m p a re d w ith re le a s e o f p re s s u re . N a t u r a l b r e a t h in g le a d s m e to s u p p o s e th a t p r e s u ra f o r 1 se c o n d a n d r e la x a tio n fo r 3 s e c o n d s is th e c o r re c tio n p ro p o rtio n . O p p o s e d to th is is th e a d v ic e o f a C a n a d ia n T e x t -b o o k , w h ic h re a d s “ A s y o u s w in g f o rw a rd c o u n t one and two and three-, th e n co m e b a c k w ith a j e r k c o u n t in g one and two a n d r e le a s in g p re s s u re .” W h ic h is c o r re c t ?

Q ueries w i ll be dealt w ith under the follow in g rules :— 1 . — L etters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left hana c o m er of

the envelope “ Q u ery ,”

a n d addressed— F

ir st

id ,

46, Cannon-street, London, E . C . s - — A l l Q ueries m u st be accompanied by a " Q uery C ou pon” cut fr o m the cu rren t issue of the Jo u rn a l, or in case of Q ueries from abroad from a recent issue, f . — Q ueries, accompanied by stamped answ ered by post.

addressed envelope,

w i ll be

J . S . ( A b e r t ille r y ) .— I f th e f e m o ra l a rt e r y w as w o u n d e d im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w the fo ld o f th e g ro in , h o w w o u ld m e a n s fo r a rr e s t o f b le e d in g be a p p lie d , th e w o u n d b e in g too la r g e fo r p r e s s u re o n the b le e d in g sp o t ? W h y is p re s s u re im p o s s ib le ? F o r c o n tro l o f b le e d in g it is e x e rte d d ir e c t ly o n th e a rt e ry , a n d th e size o f th e w o u n d is im m a t e r ia l to t h is e n d . T h e la r g e r th e w o u n d , h o w e v e r, th e g r e a t e r is th e r is k o f s e p s is ; a n d fo r th is re a s o n the w o u n d s h o u ld b e p ro te c te d w ith a p a d o f b o ra c ic lin t th ro u g h w h ic h th e a rt e r y c a n b e c o m p re s s e d .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . C . S. (S t o k e - o n - T r e n t ) q u e s t io n s the a c c u r a c y o f th e fo llo w in g T e s t w h ic h w a s set b y a m e m b e r o f h is D iv is io n :— “ A c y c lis t s k id s o n a w et ro a d a n d is t h ro w n u n d e r th e w h e e ls o f a p a s s in g e le c t ric tra m - c a r, th e w h e e l-g u a rd o f w h ic h is b r o k e n in h is fa ll. T h e d r iv e r b r in g s h is c a r to a s t a n d s t ill in fo u r y a r d s , a n d th e c y c lis t ’s b o d y is d r a g g e d th a t d is t a n c e . O n r e m o v a l fro m h is p e r ilo u s p o s it io n the c y c lis t is a liv e b u t u n c o n s c io u s ; o ne le g a n d o n e a rm a re r ig id a n d u n n a t u r a lly d ra w n o u t o f s h a p e ; h is fa c e a n d c lo th e s a re b u rn e d o n o n e sid e . T h e r e a re n o o th e r e x t e r n a l s ig n s .” T h e r e a re s e v e ra l in a c c u r a c ie s in t h is T e s t . F ir s t , lit t le o r n o e le c t r ic c u r r e n t w o u ld p a s s th r o u g h the c y c lis t , b e c a u s e it would take the easiest way to earth, v iz ., t h ro u g h w h e e ls a n d r a ils . S e c o n d ly , e v e n if the c u r r e n t d id p a s s in to th e m a n , it would affect both sides o f h is b o d y e q u a lly , a s f a r a s c o u ld be se e n b y a F ir s t - A id e r . T h ir d ly , o n r e m o v a l fro m c o n ta c t the m u s c le s w o u id im m e d ia t e ly b e c o m e lim p b e c a u s e th e y a re o n ly kept rigid by the passing current. L a s t ly , th e in s e n s ib ilit y c o u ld o n ly be d u e to c o n c u s s io n , b e c a u s e th e e le c t r ic c u rr e n t w o u ld b e in s u ffic ie n t , e v e n if p re se n t, to c a u s e a s p h y x ia .— N . C o rb et

S e p te m b er , 1 9 1 7 .

Y o u a re w ro n g . E a c h c o m p le te m o v e m e n t s h o u ld o c c u p y 3 s e c o n d s a n d be fo llo w e d b y a p a u s e o f 1 s e c o n d . F u r t h e r , if th e m o v e m e n t is to be e ffic ie n t, 2 m in u te s m u s t b e d e v o te d to p re ss u re . P ro fe s s o r S c h a e fe r’s in s t ru c t io n s (se e F i r s t A i d , J u n e , 1 9 1 1 ) fro m w h ic h y o u w ill n o te the C a n a d ia n b o o k in c o r r e c t ly d if f e r s — w e re (1 ) to b e n d f o rw a rd with arms straight s o a s to a llo w w e ig h t o f o p e ra t o r’s b o d y to f a ll o n th e w r is t s a n d to m a k e steady, firm , downward p re s s u re o n lo in s , c o u n t in g — s lo w ly — one, two, three; (2 ) to m a in ta in s u c h p re s s u re fo r 2 s e c o n d s ; a n d (3 ) to s w in g b o d y b a c k w a r d s , a g a in c o u n t in g one, two. A n a lt e r n a tiv e m e th o d is to c o u n t— s lo w ly — one, two, t-h-r-e-efour, of w h ic h one, two re p re s e n t tim e s p e n t in s w in g in g fo rw a rd , three in e x e rtin g , a n d four in r e la x in g p r e s s u re .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . F.

C . ( L iv e r p o o l) .— W h a t is th e r ig h t tre a tm e n t fo r a p e rso n s u ffe rin g fro m lo o se c a r t ila g e o f k n e e -jo in t ? W o u ld y o u a d v is e b a n d a g in g th e k n e e ?

A lo o se c a rt ila g e at th e k n e e - jo in t m a y c a u s e no s y m p to m s . O n the o th e r h a n d , it m a y s lip o ut o f p la c e ( e s p e c ia lly d u r in g a c t iv e m o v e m e n ts w h ic h in v o lv e t w is t in g o f th e k n e e ) a n d c a u s e the jo in t to be “ lo c k e d ,” i.e ., in c a p a b le o f m o ve m e n t. 1 h is m a y o r m a y n o t o c c u r ; b u t in a ll c a s e s the in ju r y is a p t to be fo llo w e d b y a r a p id s w e llin g o f th e jo in t d ue to e ffu sio n o f se ru m . I n m a n y c a s e s th e p a tie n t c a n u n lo c k the jo in t . I f he c a n n o t, a ll m a n ip u la tio n s m u s t be s tu d io u s ly a v o id e d . T h e c o r re c t tre a tm e n t is to support the jo in t in the p o s it io n m o st c o m fo rta b le to th e p a tie n t (w ith o r w ith o u t a b a c k s p lin t, p a d d e d to fit th e k n e e ; to apply cold water dressings w h ic h w ill te n d to lim it the e ffu s io n o f se ru m in to th e jo in t ; to remove patient in re c u m b e n t p o s it io n .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . F . C . (L iv e r p o o l) .— O ffic e rs o f th e B r ig a d e a re n o m in a te d , w h ic h n o m in a t io n s h a s to re c e iv e the s a n c t io n o f the C h ie f C o m m is s io n e r ; t h e y m u s t p a ss a n e x a m in a tio n to sh o w th e y a re c a p a b le o f h o ld in g the p o s itio n . A ll B r ig a d e w o r k is u n p a id . Y o u s h o u ld c o m m e n c e y o u r le tte r— S ir , a n d c o n c lu d e — Y o u r o b e d ie n t s e rv a n t.

F le tc h e r.

C . M . ( K e n s in g t o n ) a s k s fo r th e c o rr e c t p o s itio n o f k n o t in th e a p p lic a t io n o f b a n d a g e fo r fra c t u re d ja w .

T h e p o s it io n o f th e k n o t is o f lit t le im p o r t a n c e p r o v id e d th a t th e b a n d a g e k e e p s th e ja w im m o b ile a n d d o e s n o t c a u s e p a in .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . J . G . ( O ld S h ild o n ).— A p a tie n t w a s s u ffe rin g fro m b le e d in g at the to p o f th e head.* W e a p p lie d a b o r ic d re s s in g , a ls o a r in g p a d a n d a n a rr o w b a n d a g e to m a k e c o m p re s s io n on w o u n d , th e n the h e a d b a n d a g e . I t h a s b e e n s u g g e s te d th a t it w a s n o t n e c e s s a r y to a p p ly the n a rr o w b a n d a g e a n d th a t th e s k u ll c a p w a s s u ffic ie n t to m a k e p re s s u re o n w o u n d . S h o u ld w e h a v e u s e d th e n a r r o w b a n d a g e o r the s k u ll c a p ? J . G . d o e s n o t in d ic a te th e p re s e n c e o f a d e p re s s e d fra c t u r e o f th e s k u ll. I f t h is c o m p lic a t io n w a s a b se n t, th e n the r in g p a d w a s t o t a lly u n n e c e s s a ry . F u r t h e r , th e s k u ll b a n d a g e is u s e le s s fo r c o n t r o llin g b le e d in g b y p re s s u re , a n d is o n ly in te n d e d to k e e p a d r e s s in g in p o s itio n . I n s h o rt, h te m o rrh a g e fro m the s c a lp s h o u ld be tre a te d — a s la id d o w n in Cantlie (p . 8 3 ) — w ith a n a n t is e p t ic d r e s s in g , p a d a n d n a rro w b a n d a g e .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r . W . H . S. ( F in c h le y . — A ll T e x t -b o o k s tea ch th a t the m o v e m e n ts in S c h a e fe r ’s M e th o d o f A r t if ic ia l R e s p ir a t io n s h o u ld b e p e rfo rm e d at th e ra te o f 12 -1 5 to th e m in u te . T h e y a re

R eview s. G EN ERAL

S E R V IC E H IN T S M EM BERS.

V .A .D .

B y M rs. T h o rn to n C ook. L o n d o n : T h e S c ie n t ific P r e s s , L td .

Price is. yd. net. I n th e p re fa c e to t h is b o o k th e C o m m a n d a n t - in - C h ie f o f the W o m e n ’s V . A . D . ’s p o in ts o ut t h is b o o k s h o u ld d o m u c h to d is p e l th a t “ c o n fu se d n ig h t m a r e ” o f b e w ild e rm e n t d u r in g h e r firs t w e e k o f c le r ic a l w o rk in a m ilit a r y h o s p ita l. I t d o e s not g o in to th e d e ta il ro u t in e o f h o s p ita l w o rk , b u t it w ill g iv e the n o v ic e the g e n e r a l m e th o d o n w h ic h sh e w ill b e e x p e c te d to w o rk . I t s h o u ld p ro v e a v a lu a b le h e lp in p r e p a r in g the g e n e r a l s e r v ic e m e m b e r fo r th e k in d o f w o rk a n d life she w ill h a v e to face .

The Food Beverage for all W ar Worker*. Y

ftb

— F I R S T

Se p te m ber, 1 9 1 7 .

The Report of th e S t. John Am bulance Brigade. annual report of the Chief Commissioner of the Brigade for the year ending 30th Sept., 1 9 1 6 , is a striking record of the work and progress which has been made. The most remarkable feature is the enormous increase in strength, the Brigade having nearly trebled its membership since the outbreak of war, showing a total strength of 6 2 ,8 5 1 members. These figures are not as complete as could be wished, as in many instance whole Divisions have gone on service, including their officers, and no records can be obtained from such units. During the year under review, the following new units have been formed :— Nine Corps, 59 Ambulance Divisions, 7 Ambulance Sections, 8 0 Nursing Divisions. The following return showing the male personnel sup plied by the St. John Ambulance Brigade since the out break of war is a lasting testimony to the services that it has rendered in this, the greatest war that the world has ever seen, or probably ever will see. The numbers exceed the total male strength of the Brigade available at the com mencement wof the war, and are still being added to as demands are made by either the Admiralty or War Office. T h e

Personnel s u p p lie d b y th e S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e to the N a v a l a n d M ilit a r y A u t h o r itie s , P r iv a t e H o s p it a ls , H o s p it a l S h ip s , e tc., fro m th e o u t b re a k o f w a r to D e c . is t , 19 1 6 : — N a v al

A u t h o r it ie s.

2,00 1,24

R o y a l N a v a l A u x ilia r y S ic k B e rth R e s e r v e ... R o y a l N a v a l D iv is io n ( M e d ic a l U n i t ) .................. D o . ( S u p p lie d b y T e r r it o r ia l B r a n c h , S .J .A . A .) M ilita r y

K in g o f S e r b ia ’s S ilv e r M e d a l M o n te n e g rin O r d e r o f D a n ilo M o n t e n e g rin M e d a l .................. M o n t e n e g rin R e d G r o s s M e d a l It a lia n M e d a l.................................

A full nominal roll of the members of the Brigade whose services have been thus recognised is given in the Appendix of the report. The Brigade has sustained by the casualties of war the loss of 369 members amongst Ambulance Divisions and nine amongst Nursing Divisions, a full roll of whom is given in the Appendix, and has also suffered the loss of the Deputy-Commissioner of the No. 5 District, Mr. Stuart C. Wardell and his wife. Mr. and Mrs. Wardell seemed to have lived a good part of their lives for the ambulance cause, and it is impossible to think of the name of Wardell without associating it with this great humanitarian work. The war services of the Brigade at home embrace air raids, explosions, rebellions and other incidents, due directly or indirectly to the enemy, these incidents form a wonderful record of what the Brigade service is to the civil community. T he report of the Lady Superintendent-in Chief shows the very efficient state of the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade for during the period under review, Lady Perrott inspected many units all over the country, including Ireland. During the year in London alone over 600 nursing members of the Brigade have worked in civil hospitals, and the Matrons in all case have been satisfied with the work done. A mats of information is contined in the report on every phase of Brigade work and, without hesitation, we can say that it is the finest that has yet been published.

A u t h o r it ie s.

M ilit a r y H o m e H o s p it a l R e s e r v e .................. D o . ( S u p p lie d b y T e r r it o r ia l B r a n c h , S J . A .A .) R . A . M . C . E x p e d it io n a r y F o r c e ................................ S .J .A .B . H o s p it a l, E t a p le s , F r a n c e .................. P r iv a t e

4,156

240

A ID . —

I 7, 472

H o s p it a l s , S h ip s, e t c .

l 7°

A t H o m e ............................................................................ A b ro a d ... ... ... ••• ••• ••• O n d e m a n d o f J o in t C o m m itte e o f th e O r d e r o f St. J o h n a n d B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie t y ...

328

158

rO D E X l

T o ta l

2 2 ,2 79

D is t in g u is h e d C o n d u c t M e d a l .................. D is t in g u is h e d S e r v ic e M e d a l .................. M ilit a r y M e d a l .............................................. M e r it o r io u s S e r v ic e M e d a l ................................ R o y a l R e d C ro s s .............................................. M e n tio n e d in D e s p a t c h e s ................................ B r o u g h t to n o tic e o f S e c re ta ry o f S ta te fo r W a B r o u g h t to n o tic e o f A d m ir a lt y .................. A w a r d e d C e rt ific a t e o f G a l l a n t r y ..................

17 7 39 4

2 24 2

3 1

In addition, the following Foreign Decorations have been gained by members of the Brigade :—

A B L A N D & P A IN L E S S — IO D I N E D R E S S I N G . —

323

T he foregoing figures only represent the numbers of men who have enlisted through the Brigade. In addition to the above, very many members have joined the Colours direct. The following awards have been gained by members of the Brigade :— 11 M ilit a r y C ro s s (o n e a w a rd e d B a r to sa m e )

F r e n c h M ilit a r y C ro s s ................................ M e d a ille M ilit a ir e .............................................. C ro s s o f th e R u s s ia n O r d e r of St. G e o rg e R u s s ia n R e d C r o s s ... S e r b ia n M e d a l fo r B r a v e r y ................................ K in g o f S e r b ia ’s G o ld M e d a l

FIRST-AID Aseptic.

Antiseptic.

IODEX has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u rg e o n s , R .A .M .C . S u rg e o n s , Red C ro s s S u rg e o n s , C r o ix R o u g e F ra n c a is e B e lg ia n F ie ld H o s p ita ls , F re n c h F ie ld H o s p ita ls , N u m e ro u s M ilit a r y H o s p ita ls , M e m b e rs of S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e .

I0DEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1/3. I O D E X has benefitted thefollow ing and numerous other conditions. E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts, B u rsitis, S y n o v itis, S cia tica , N e u ritis, G o u t, R h eu m a to id A rth ritis, H y d ro ce le , P a ra sitic S k in D ise a se s. R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s, A cn e, B o ils, M u m p s , S p r a in s , AN D A L L IN F L A M M A T O R Y C O N D ITIO N S. L ite ra tu re

a p p lic a tio n

Menley & Jam es, Ltd.,

to—

39, Farringdon Road, LONDON, E.C.

— F I R S T

A ID . —

S eptem ber, 1 9 1 7 .

T H E

“ F IR S T

A I D ”

PICTORIAL TRIANCULAR BANDAGE. for

Uniforms and Equipment V ast m o d e rn fa cto ry re so u rc e s, a d d e d to a c e n t u r y 's e x p e r ie n c e , e n a b l e s u s to s u p p l y F i r s t A i d a n d a ll o th e r S e r v ic e s w it h u n if o r m s and e q u ip m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m a t e r ia ls , w o r k m a n s h ip a n d f in is h — a t p r ic e s t h a t c h a lle n g e c o m p a r i s o n w it h a n y o th e r c lo t h in g o f e q u a l q u a lit y . P r ic e s a n d

Illustrating the various w ays of using the Bandage in cases of injury. Triangular Bandages can also be supplied plain, unprinted.

SOUTHALL BROS & BARCLAY, Ld.

S a m p le s o n re q u e st.

16,

N IL E

ROAD, LONDON, N., 4, P R IN C E S STR EET, H A N O V E R SQUARE, L O N D O N , W .

FOR

S t o r e s ,

No. 63V. —M a d e of Strong- Tin.

iz e

1820,

M anufacturers of Surgical Dressings, Fine Chem icals and Pharm aceutical Preparations. Enquiries invited.

EATON’S b u la n c e

I N

Establish ed

C ITY and

A m

I R

S T R E E T ,

12 m .

x 6»n, x

n 6»n.

N o t e R in g A ttach m ent f o r S c is s o r s .

equipment

UNDER

e w

THE

o r d e r

No. 1. Complete Equipment for 150 to 300 a a q employees No. 2. Complete Equipment for employees £ 3 1 " 5 " 0 REST

COUCHES.

STER ILISERS. LITTER S.

Price

1 6 s.

8 d .

H. O. E A T O N , fS

each.

STRETCHERS. O U TFITS.

AN TISE PTIC

D R ESSIN G S.

W rite f o r C a ta lo g u e .

338, Dew sbury Road, L E E D S .

—

Septem ber, 19 17

F I R S T

A I D . —

N u r s e s '

HATEVER

t e

e a r

Garment

you

select at Harrods you can

always be sure of made, well

finding it well

finished,

reliable.

and

H a rro d s N u rse s’ D e p a r t m e n t is d e v o te d e n t ir e ly to th e s u p p ly o f e v e r y t h in g n e c e s s a r y to the O u tfit t in g o f P r o f e s s io n a l a n d V . A . D N u r s e s .

R e m a rk a b le

N . U . 6 8 .— R e d C r o s s S o c i e t y ’ s O v e r a l l D r e s s , of R e g u l a t i o n G r e y B lu e N u r s e C loth. L e n g t h s 50, 52, 54, a n d 56 in c h . . 7 / 6

t im

N .U . 70 .— R egu lation Apron, s t r o n g a p r o n c l o t h , li n e n f i n i s h .

The following remarkable testimony is but one more tribute to the marvellous restorative powers of H all’s W in e .

L e n g t h s 36, 38 a n d 40 in c h

N .U . 1 1 4 . — R e g u latio n f in e C a m b r i c .

Cap

a /6

2 8x19 i n s .} in tw o q u a litie s 7 ^ d . & 1 /-

N .U . 8a . — C a m b r i c S l e e v e s , buttoned a t w r is t, ela stic at elb ow 8d. p e r p a ir .

(O rig in a l le'ter on file).

A l . Drapery Goods art sent carriage paid.

*• I had a ‘ gruelling ’ time in France and Flanders, and as a r e s u l t suffering from acute shell-shock— I lay at the Base lacking both speech and memory. In the end the trouble developed into a distressing form of neurasthenia. Four months in hospitals wrought but slight improve ment. During convalescence and pending discharge I took Hall’s Wine with really remarkable results. Weakness gave place to strength, trembling to steadiness. T o the astonishment of everyone, I am again buoyantly ‘ doing my bit.’ ”

HARRO DS

LTD

LO N DO N

S W

W o o d m an Burbidge Managing Director

F o o d For I n f a n t s

I n v a l i d s a nd the a g e d . U s e d e x t e n s i v e l y in B r i t i s h , C iv il a n d M i l i t a r y h o s p i t a l s , a n d b y th e R e d C r o s s S o c ie tie s ot G r e a t B r ita in , th e o v e r s e a D o m i n io n s , a n d t h e A llie s . Sold in tiiis by Chemists,etc . , every where,price 1/-, 16, 2/6, 51- &. 10/B E N G E R ’S

FO OD

L T D .,

—

O tte r W o rk s, — M A N C H E S T E R , E n g , D e p o ts th ro u gliu u t C a n a d a .

Branch Offices : N e w Y o r k & S y d n e y .

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co, T h e ‘S u p re m e H o n ic

R e s t o r a t iv e

BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE TRADE. Latest

“ H a ll’s Wine is inA doctor says where vitality valuable, especially are shattered.’ is low or nerves G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b o ttle to -d a y . If, a fte r t a k i n g h a lf, y o u feel n o r e a l b e n e fit, r e tu r n to u s th e h a lf - e m p ty b o ttle a n d w e w ill r e f u n d a ll o u tla y .

E x t r a L a r g e S iz e , 4 /6 *

Sm aller,

O f a ll W ine M erchants , an d Grocers , and Chem ists w ith W ine Licences. S t e p h e n S m ith & C o ., L t d ., B o w , L o n d o n , E . 3.

a/9.

Pattern

Khaki

Uniforms

Speciality.

C o n t r a c t o r s f o r S t . J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e ; B r it is h Red C r o s s , & c . ; O ffic e rs an d P r iv a t e s ; a ls o fo r A r m y , N a v y , P o lic e an d F ir e B r ig a d e s . SEND

FOR

P R IC E

L IS T

AND

PATTERN S

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co. (PR B D

BVANS,

Proprietor;,

5, C l s r k e n w s l l Q r e e n , F a r r i n g d o n R o a d , LONDON. Telephone— No. 2358 Holborn. Telegrams— •• Evans, Clerkenwell Green, London.

EiO,

— P r l o e 6 d . ne t*

NOTES

P o s t f r e e 7d.

FIR ST

F I R S T

Sidney

A ID

S e p te m b er, K ) i 7

A I D . —

M A N U A L S O F F IR S T -A ID , & e ., By N. CORBET FLETCHER, B.A., M.B., B.C. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S.

SIM PLIFIED .

L a mb .

A H a n d b o o k in a tabulated and sim plified form givin g the m ain points of first a id , so arranged as to im press them on the memory of the student.

DALE. REYNOLDS & CO.. Ltd., 46, Cannon St. LONDON, E.C. 4 .

A ID S

F IR S T -A ID .

T h i r d E d itio n . P o s t fre e , 7 d . First-Aid Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. “ Col. Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse h is good opinion o f the book."— L a n c e t .

A ID S

H O M E -N U R S IN G .

S e c o n d E d itio n . P r ic e , 7 d . , p o s t fre e . Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. “ T h is book zvonderfully sim plifies a complex subject and should be read by a ll students." — L. & N .w . Ry. G a z e t t e .

H a n m e r ’s L ife -S a v in g Le ctu res.

WHY

AND

W HEREFORE

F IR S T -A ID .

P r ic e , 7 d . , p o s t fre e .

Difficulties In Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer.

“ IVe commend this book to Lecturers and Students who w ill fin d it o f great

and

B o o k ed u p fo r N ovem ber.

S e p te m b e r,

service."— F

O cto b e r

E F F IC IE N C Y

ir s t a id .

F IR S T -A ID .

18. 2 d. Problems in Sludy, Treatment and Examination solved for Senior Students. “ W ithout doubt the book w ill be o f great service in the tra in in g o f those for whom it is designed .— B r i t i s h M e d i c a l J o u r n a l . P o s t fre e ,

Lectures t h i s m o n t h in London and Lancashire. N e x t m o n t h and N o v e m b e r . Ireland.

H IN TS

FOR

H O S P ITA L

O R D E R LIE S .

P o s t f re e , 7 d. Orderly Duties Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. t(A most compact brochure which contains much usefu l information ."—

A P P L Y E A R L Y f o r D e c e m b e r V a c a n c ie s .

P r e s c r ib b r .

S e n d 3d . s ta m p s fo r f u ll p a r t ic u la r s a n d N o v e lt y B o o k le t. S e r g t . C. 205, D

o n caster

o ad

, G

HAN M ER,

o ld th o r pe

, N

. R

o th er h a m

W ir e s :— H a n m e r , A m b u la n c e , G o ld th o rp e .

D o n ’t L o s e Y o u r M e d a l s

Prices of Medal clasps to hold one, two, th-ee, or tour Medals, Is., Is. 3d., Is. 6d. and Is. 9d. respecttlvely. Also Ribbon Holder, 9d., Is., Is. 3d. and Is. 6d, respectively, Postage Id. extra, except on orders over 5s. D O L T O N , E x - P .C . M e t. P o lic e , 53, C a r is b p o o k e _________ R o a d , W a lth a m sto w .

O ffic e r s ’ R e g u la t io n G re a t C o a ts . D a r k G re y b e a v e r c lo th , 4 5 s. to m e a s u re . S u p e r io r q u a lit y M e n ’s G r e a t C o a ts , 32 s. 6 d .— W r it e fo r p a tte rn s a n d p a r t ic u la r s , T h o r n t o n & C o ., t a ilo rs , B rig h o u s e .

- I).

W O R S A L E , a q u a n t it y ot M e n ’s A m b u la n c e U n if o r m T r o u s e r s , a ll size s, q u it e n ew , 9s. 6d . a p a ir .— T h o r n t o n a n d C o ., 24, C o m m e r c ia l-s tre e t, B r ig h o u s e .

1 F F

F IR S T -A ID .

M .R .C .S .,

L .S .A .L on d .

B y th e S a m e A uthor.

4d .

C lo th ,

th o u s a n d ).

B y th e Sam e A uth or.

In c lu d in g useful reference tables. 14pp. F o ld er. Paper, 2 d . C lo th , 4 d . T H E C O M P L E T E M A N IK IN . Systems of Body accurately indexed. In v a lu a b le to Students Anatom y, M edicine, F irs t-A id and A llie d Subjects. P rice 2 s . n e t ; postage, 2d. T H E TR IA N G U L A R BAN D A G E : Its A p p licatio n A ccurately D escribed by W o rd s and 116 D iagram s. By

HOWARD

PRESTON,

Dem onstrator to the Polytechnic

116 Illu s . P rice, i s . net, postage 2d. TH E R OLLER BANDAGE. B y th e S a m e Author.

It s A p p licatio n A ccurately D escribed by W o rd s and 162 D iagram s. P rice, i s . net., postage 2 d . F IR S T -A ID A N A TO M IC A L D IA G R A M S . T w e lve in set, on R o lle r. Post free, 2 S . l o d . E a ch D iagram separately, 2 d . 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d . each. No. 1 ♦ . — H U M A N B O D Y . - S H O W I N G A R T E R I E AND P R E S S U R E P O IN TS . C oloured. P rice, 6 d . T H E W H O L E A R T O F B A N D A G IN G .

H a v in g found, as a result of practical experience, how unsatisfactoty is the present system of M edal F ixtu res, I have patented an absolutely “ R e lia b le ” M edal and R ib b o n C lasp, w hich entirely does away with safety pins or sewing. It is ligh t, neat, strong; is easily fixed by means of finger screws, and holds the medals and ribbon quite tight to the cloth. M ade w ith special short screws for Nurses.

W ith C oloured Diagram s. 12 pp. F o ld er. Paper, 2 d . H O M E N U R S I N G IN F E W W O R D S . (1 6 th

IN D E X

CARVELL,

A vade-mecum for the A m bulance W o rke r. F ca p . 8vo. Post free, 1 5 . 2 d . F I R S T - A I D IN F E W W O R D S . (3 8 th th o u s a n d ).

A p p ly (s ta m p ) to M r . J . E . W a l d e n , S e c ., W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e ( L a d y D is p e n s e rs S e c tio n o f th e W e s tm in s te r C o lle g e o f C h e m is try a n d P h a r m a c y , e s td . r874),

112 . S t. G e o rg e's Road. S o u th w a rk . London.

O R S A L E . — R e g u la t io n B r o w n L e a t h e r B e lt s a n d P o u c h e s ; a ls o C a p s a n d O v e rc o a t s ; s a m p le s o n a p p ro v a l.— F o lle t t , 4, V ic t o r ia - a v e n u e , B is h o p s g a t e , L o n d o n , E . C . O R S A L E , S t. J o h n C lo a k a n d B o n n e t , b e st m a k e .— B o x 52, “ F ir s t A i d ” o ffic e s, 46, C a n n o n -s t re e t , E . C . 4.

THBKLA

BOW SER,

F .J.I.,

In trodu ctio n by J a m e s C a n t l i e , F .R .C .S . Illu s . Post free, is . 2 d . P R A C T I C A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G O U T ft M A K I N G U P H O S P I T A L G A R M E N T S F O R S I C K ft W O U N D E D . (.Approved, by the Red Cross Society). Illu strate d . Post free, IS . 2 d . A S H O R T C O U R S E OF P H Y S IC A L TR A IN IN G . By

ALLAN

BROMAN,

P r ic e i s . 8d. p o s t free.

JOHN BALE, SO N S & D A N IE L S S O N , Ltd ., 8 3 - 91, G r e a t T l t e h f l e l d S t r e e t , L o n d o n , W .

On First Aid, Medicine. Surgery, and allother Scien tific and Literary subjects. Second-H and a t Half Prices. New Books at

Discount Prices. Catalogues free. State wants. Books sent on approval. Books bought. W. ft Q. F O Y L E , 121 a n d 123, Cnaring Cross Road, London, W .C.

D eco rato rs’

P a in te rs’

M a g a z in e .

THE PRACTICAL ORGAN OF THE TRADE. Published on the 15th o f ev ery Month. Annual Subscription, 5s., post free. Sinale Copies, 6d.

DALE, 46,

REYNOLDS

CANNON

STREET,

& CO., Ltd., LONDON,

B .C.

“FIRST A I D ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. S ep tem b er,

1917.

P r in te d an d P u b lis h e d by M e ssrs. D a l h , R b w o l d s & C o ., L t d ., 4 6 , C an n on S t ., L o n d o n , B .C ., to w hom a ll com m unications should b e addtessed.

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

AM BULANCE E d it e d b y A R T H U R

No. 280.—

V o l.

X X IV .

N O T IC E

OCTOBER,

1917.

Its aim and object being the advancement of A m bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticle s and Reports on subjects pertaining to the M ovem ent and also welcomes suggestions for P ractical Papers. A ll R eports, & c., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom panied (not necessarily for Publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business Com m unications connected w ith F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE,

R E Y N O L D S & C O ., L t d ., 46, C a n n o n S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E .C . Telegraphic Address: "Tw enty-four, London." Telephone No. 5 4 7 7 Bank.

P ro g re ss.

[E n tered a t Sta tio n ers' H a ll.)

J2/J p ER A i w i j h ^ P o s t ' f r e e

Whilst we are glad to know that the

whole subject is engaging the attention of the Authorities, and we may reasonably assume that the list of industries to which the Order applies will in due course be consider ably extended, and whilst we feel that the provision of first aid appliances is not only desirable, but highly necessary, in connection with the industries enumerated in the Order — and possibly many others— we hold the view that it is equally essential that the workers themselves should receive the instruction which will inform them what to do and how

the best use of the appliances provided under the Order. Even in undertakings where a large number of em ployees are engaged, and provision is made for a trained attendant, it is highly desirable that a good proportion of the

F irst

DALE.

to do it in times of accident, and particularly how to make 4.

E D IT O R IA L . readers of

GAZETTE.

to be provided.

READERS.

F I R S T A ID is published on the a o t h o f e a c h m o n th . T he A n n u a l Subscription is 25 . 6 d. post free ; single copies 2 d.

R e g u la r

-----

A id

workers

should have a knowledge

ambulance

will be

methods, for the value of first aid treatment lies in its

aware that for some years past we have

prom pt administration, and this can hardly be assured by

consistently advocated a wider dissemi

one person in five hundred being a trained ambulance

nation of ambulance knowledge among industrial workers,

worker, particularly as, in any of the industries affected by

particularly among such as are by the nature of their em

he Order, several persons may, in easily conceivable cir

ployment exposed to more than ordinary risks of personal

cumstances, be sorely in need of skilled assistance at one

injury.

and the same time.

Some time prior to the outbreak of hostilities, a

series of articles appeared in our pages on the subject of

If an example of the advantages which follow the first

“ The Working Man and First Aid,” in which was outlined

aid training of workmen is required, we would point to the

the advantages of such a knowledge.

case of the railways.

For many years the principal railway

It was held that there was a moral obligation upon the

companies have fostered the acquisition of first aid knowl

employers whose workmen were engaged upon duties in

edge by all engaged in the movement of traffic, as well as

volving risk of personal injury, to make provision for the

the workshop and permanent way staff, and the fact that

ambulance training of the staff, and the supply of first aid

to-day the railways are so insistent upon their staff qualifying

equipment, as well as upon the workers themselves, to take

in ambulance work, that the possession of an ambulance

full advantage of any facilities offered for acquiring the

certificate is a condition of employment in certain grades,

knowledge which would, when accidents occurred, enable

is evidence of the value which is set upon the possession

them to make intelligent use of the appliances supplied,

of first aid training.

and thereby alleviate the sufferings of their fellow work men, and possibly save lives and limbs.

Whilst, as has been already stated, we welcome the new Order, and shall doubtless have further legislation upon

While we think that the Home Office Order, making

this important subject, we feel that if the advantages of

it necessary to provide first aid equipment in certain indus

ambulance training to both employer and employee, were

tries, is a step in the right direction, we should have been

appreciated at their proper value, the former would only be

pleased if it had gone somewhat further in the direction of

too eager to anticipate any further Orders under the Act

requiring the first aid training of a certain percentage of

the workers in all cases in which ambulance equipment has

advocated so long.

voluntarily

making

the

provisions

which

we have

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3T«e Grand Jrio rg of the 0rdtr of the }tospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Sngland.

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AM BULANCE

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C o m m issio n e r

St.

D EPARTM ENT.

John .Ambulance Brigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

N o. 1 D is tr ic t. e p u t y

F I R S T

-------

W IN N Y .

NO VEM BER, 19 17. S u n d a y D u t y , St. P a u l’s C a t h e d ra l. S u n d a y , 4 th .— N o . 74 D iv is io n , L o n d o n " C it y M is s io n . „ n t h . — N o . 15 „ E a st H am . „ 18 t h .— N o . 1 „ S t. J o h n ’s G a te , N o . 1 D iv . „ 2 5 t h .- N o . 2 „ H a g g e r s to n . F r o m 2 .3 0 p.m . to 8 p .m . K e y fro m St. J o h n ’s G a te , 2 p.m . D IS T R IC T

M IL IT A R Y H O M E H O S P IT A L R E S E R V E R E - T R A N S F E R F R O M C O M B A T A N T U N IT S . T h e fo llo w in g le tte r h a s be en re c e iv e d fro m th e D ir e c t o r G e n e r a l A r m y M e d ic a l S e rv ic e . S e p te m b e r 1 7 th , 1917. “ W it h re fe re n c e to le tte r o f A u g u s t 2 2 n d , 1 9 1 7, I am d ir e c t e d to in fo rm y o u th a t in s t r u c t io n s w e re is s u e d to a ll C o m m a n d s a t H o m e o n 7 th A u g u s t, to th e effect th a t n o s o ld ie r s e r v in g in th e R o y a l A r m y M e d ic a l C o rp s , u n d e r the te rm s o f W a r O ffic e le tte r N o . 2 7, A .M .C ., 519, d a te d 9th D e c e m b e r, 19 16, is t a n d 2 n d p a ra g r a p h s , w ill in the fu tu re b e t ra n s fe r re d to In f a n t r y . A ll s o ld ie rs w h o co m e u n d e r the te rm s o f th is le tte r, w h o m a y a lr e a d y h a v e b e e n so t ra n s fe r re d , w ill n o w be re -t r a n fe r r e d to th e R o y a l A r m y M e d ic a l C o r p s i f th e y so d e s ire , a n d s h o u ld m a k e a p p lic a t io n to t h e ir C o m m a n d in g O ffic e r s .” 6 DUTY

CASE

A IR

R A ID S .

A s in th e c a s e o f A ir R a id W a r n in g s , v e r y la r g e n u m b e rs o f p e o p le a s s e m b le at the T u b e S t a t io n s o n the U n d e r g r o u n d R a ilw a y s , it is d e s ire d th a t m e m b e rs o f A m b u la n c e a n d N u r s in g D iv is io n s w h o a re n o t r e q u ire d fo r o r d in a r y A i r R a id d u ty , s h o u ld a tte n d at th e se p la c e s is o rd e r to re n d e r fir s t a id. A c a r e fu l n o te s h o u ld be k e p t o f the a tte n d a n c e s o f m e m b e rs , in c lu d in g N u r s in g S is t e rs , a n d a re tu rn m a d e o n c e a w e e k to H e a d q u a r t e r s b y O ffic e r in C h a rg e o f the D iv is io n to w h ic h the m e m b e rs b e lo n g . E X A M IN A T IO N

D IV IS IO N A L

BOO KS.

O ffic e rs a n d M e m b e rs in C h a r g e o f D iv is io n s a re re m in d e d th a t t h e ir A n n u a l D iv is io n a l M e e t in g s h o u ld b e h e ld in O c to b e r if p o s s ib le , a n d th e a c c o u n ts , a fte r b e in g e x a m in e d b y tw o a u d it o r s , s h o u ld b e p re se n te d to the m e e tin g o f the D iv is io n fo r c o n firm a tio n . W h e n t h is h a s b e e n d o n e the b o o k s s h o u ld be s e n t to H e a d q u a r t e r s fo r e x a m in a tio n . T h e b a la n c e -s h e e t o f th e D iv is io n s h o u ld b e p a ste d in th e M in u t e B o o k , a n d be s ig n e d b y th e A u d it o r s a n d th e S u p e rin te n d e n t. P U B L IC

DUTY.

I t is n o tic e d th a t so m e D iv is io n s u n d e r t a k in g P u b lic D u t y d o n o t se n d in th e P a r a d e S tate R e p o r t a s p r o m p t ly a s th e y s h o u ld , T h e O ffic e r in c h a rg e o f the S ta tio n s h o u ld se n d a re p o rt w ith the n a m e s o f a ll m e m b e rs on d u ty , in c lu d in g N u r s in g S is t e rs , im m e d ia t e ly a fte r the d u ty . T h e fo rm s h o u ld sh o w th e n u m b e r a n d n a t u re o f th e c a s e s tre a te d , w ith th e n a m e s a n d a d d re s s e s o f the p a tie n ts . CO RRESPO NDENCE

R e c o rd s , c a n be se e n at St. J o h n ’s G a te to d e a l w ith q u e rie s b e tw e e n s ix a n d n in e p .m . o n T u e s d a y a n d T h u r s d a y in e ach w ee k I n c o r r e s p o n d in g a b o u t R e c o rd s , R e t u rn s , etc., O ffic e rs in C h a r g e s h o u ld be c a r e fu l to q u o te th e re g is t e re d n u m b e rs o f the m e m b e rs to w h o m th e c o rre s p o n d e n c e re fe rs. B R IG A D E

R E - E X A M IN A T IO N .

A t te n tio n is c a lle d to B .O . 305 , s e n t to a ll o ffic e rs. T h e fo llo w in g a d d e n d u m is is s u e d fo r th e in fo rm a tio n o f th o se c o n c e rn e d . A s in fu tu re the B r ig a d e Y e a r , so fa r a s re -e x a m in a t io n s a re c o n c e rn e d , w ill be fro m th e is t o f J a n u a r y to D e c e m b e r 3 1 s t. th e th re e m o n th s b e tw e e n the is t O c to b e r a n d 3 1 s t D e c e m b e r o f th is y e a r c a n be c o n s id e re d a s p a rt o f the B r ig a d e Y e a r 1 9 1 6 -1 9 1 7 , a n d in t h is c o n n e c tio n th is w ill not a ffect the B r ig a d e A n n u a l R e t u r n s in a n y w ay. ( S ig n e d )

W . H . W IN N Y ,

Deputy- Commissioner. H e a d q u a r t e r s :— S t. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E .C .

SERGEANT.

is t C la s s S e rg e a n t E la m , o f N o . 9 D iv is io n , h a s b e e n p r o m o te d to th e r a n k o f D is t r ic t S e rg e a n t, to d a te fro m S e p te m b e r 15th, 19 1 7.

S P E C IA L

O c to b e r, 19 1 7

A I D . —

HEADQ UARTERS.

A l l c o r r e s p o d e n c e to h e a d q u a r t e rs s h o u ld be a d d re s s e d to the D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r , a n d le tte r a d d re s s e d to p riv a t e in d iv id u a ls be s e n t to t h e ir p r iv a t e a d d re s se s . L a d y S u p t. M is s W a lk e r , w h o is in c h a r g e o f th e d is t r ic t

IM P O R T A N T

N O T IC E .

D iv is io n a l S e c re ta rie s a re re q u e s te d w h e n s e n d in g n e w s p a p e r c u tt in g o f t h e ir m e e tin g s, etc., to g iv e the d a te o f p u b li c a tio n o f the n e w s p a p e rs .— E d i t o r . H a m p s t e a d ( N o . 20) D i v i s i o n . — T h e a tt ra c tio n o f B r i g a d e w o rk is th a t o u r s e r v ic e s a re o ften r e q u ire d in n o v e l and u n e x p e c te d q u a rte rs . I n th e p ip in g d a y s o f p e a ce o u r d u tie s in H a m p s t e a d w ere lim it e d to o c c a s io n a l stre e t p ro c e s s io n s , o p e n s p a c e s, v i z , the H e a th o n B a n k H o lid a y s a n d the lo c a l m u s ic h a ll o n w e e k n ig h t s , to g e th e r w ith o n e o r tw o c h u rc h p a ra d e s a n d th e a n n u a l in s p e c t io n . T h e n c a m e w a r, a n d w ith it th e r is k o f a ir in v a s io n . A ir - r a id d u t y w a s th e re fo re a d d e d to the p e a c e tim e r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s , a n d as a n in t e g r a l p a rt o f it the n ig h t ly p a tro l at the H a m p s t e a d P o lic e S ta tio n , w h e re we p re p a re d a n d sto o d re a d y fo r a n y p o s s ib le c o n tin g e n c ie s in the n e ig h b o u rh o o d . T h i s d u ty h a s v a r ie d w ith the v a g a r ie s o f th e a ir a tt a c k s — first, Z e p p e lin r a id s o n d a r k n ig h t s ; th e n , h o s tile a e ro p la n e v is it s b y d a y l i g h t ; a n d ye t a g a in , a e ro p la n e a s s a u lts , w ith a b r is k b o m b a rd m e n t b y o u r g u n s , in th e b r ig h t m o o n lig h t. S ix m o n th s a g o th e re c a m e a c a ll fo r o r d e r lie s in the W e s t E n d M ilit a r y H o s p it a l, a n d m a n y o f u s at th e e n d o f o u r o w n d a y ’s w o rk u n d e rta k e th e re o n c e o r tw ic e a w eek a fo u rh o u r s p e ll o f d u ty , fro m w h ic h w e h a v e g a in e d a v a lu a b le e x p e rie n c e in a s s is t in g b o th w ith th e r o u t in e w o rk in the w a rd s a n d a ls o w ith th e re c e p tio n o f c o n v o y s o f w o u n d e d s o ld ie rs . J u s t re c e n t ly a n o t h e r v a r ia t io n h a s p re se n te d its e lf, a n d on a ir - r a id n ig h t s w e h a v e m a d e th e P o lic e - s ta tio n o u r h e a d q u a rt e rs , w h e re a s u ffic ie n t n u m b e r o f u s h a v e b e en r e ta in e d to fo rm a c o u p le o f s q u a d s w a itin g fo r P o lic e in s t ru c t io n s a n d a ls o to s u p e rv is e th e r e q u ire m e n ts o f th e la rg e c ro w d s o f m en, w o m e n a n d c h ild r e n w ho ta k e s h e lte r in the b u ild in g , w h ile th e re st o f u s — a b ly s u p p o rte d in a ll o u r w o rk b y so m e s is te r s o f th e H a m p s t e a d N u r s in g D iv is io n — h a v e b e en d e ta ile d fo r d u t y at the th re e T u b e S t a t io n s (H a m p s t e a d , B e ls iz e a n d C h a lk F a r m ) w h ic h a re s itu a te d in o u r d is t ric t . T h e r e we h a v e a id e d th e p o lic e in t h e ir m a r s h a llin g o f the la rg e c ro w d s w h ic h h a v e s o u g h t re fu g e a n d p ro te c tio n in th e se s h e lte rs , a n d h a v e h ad a m p le o p p o rtu n it ie s o f t re a tin g c a s e s o f f a in t in g , h y s t e ria a n d s h o c k . F o r t u n a t e ly , w e h a v e h a d n o s e rio u s c a s e s , a fact w h ic h s p e a k v o lu m e s fo r the s e lf-c o n tro l o f the c ro w d a n d fo r th e p re c a u t io n s ta k e n b y th e p o lice .

N o. 5 D i s t r i c t . N o t t i n g h a m . — S te a d y p r o g re s s c o n tin u e s to be m ad e, th e n u m b e r o f o ffic e rs a n d m e m b e rs h a v in g re a c h e d a to ta l o f 96 5, a n d w ith th e a d v e n t o f th e n e w “ P o r t la n d ” D iv is io n in to the C o r p s , it is h o p e d to re a c h fo u r fig u re s b y the e n d o f th e B r ig a d e y e a r. W e c o n tin u e to re c e iv e le tte rs of th a n k s fro m w o u n d e d s o ld ie rs w ith r e g a r d to a rt if ic ia l a p p lia n c e s m a d e b y S u p t.

O c t o b e r , 19 1 7 .

—

F I R S T

D a v ie s , a n d th is g o o d w o rk is u n d o u b t e d ly a g re a t c re d it to the C o r p s . T h e a m b u la n c e s id e -c a r s w h ic h h a v e re c e n t ly b e en put in to u se h a v e b e e n o f s u c h g re a t s e r v ic e that a fu rth e r c a r is to b e p u rc h a s e d . T h e C h u r c h P a ra d e o n S e p te m b e r 16th at the C a t h e d r a l w a s la r g e ly a tte n d e d , th e s e rv ic e b e in g g re a t ly a p p re c ia te d b y a ll w h o w ere p re se n t. T h e w o rk the m e m b e rs o f th e B r ig a d e a re p e rfo rm in g at th e v a r io u s in s t it u t io n s in th e to w n m a k e s la rg e d e m a n d s on th e tim e o f the m e m b e rs, a n d the e ffo rts o f the w o rk e rs is d e s e r v in g o f the h ig h e s t p ra is e . T h e C o r p s S e c re ta ry is to be h e a r t ily c o n g ra tu la te d o n h is a p p o in tm e n t a s A s s is t a n t F o o d C o n t r o lle r fo r N o t tin g h a m .

N o.

D is tr ic t.

R h y m n e y .—

T h e a n n u a l in s p e c t io n o f th e R h y m n e y D i v i s io n o f the B r ig a d e to o k p la c e o n S e p te m b e r 29th at the St. D a v id ’s H a ll, R h y m n e y . T h e in s p e c tio n w a s m a d e b y A c t in g D is t r ic t O ffic e r B . E . M a b e r le y . A ft e r th e in s p e c t io n M r. M a b e r le y c o m p lim e n te d the m e n o n t h e ir s m a rt a p p e a ra n c e a n d g e n e r a l e ffic ie n c y ; he a ls o s p o k e o f the n o b le w o rk th a t w a s b e in g d o n e b y the m e n a n d n u rs e s o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e in c o n n e c tio n w ith th e p re se n t w a r, a n d u rg e d th e m e n to k e e p up t h e ir e ffic ie n c y , a s th e y d id n o t k n o w h ow m u c h m o re s e rv ic e m a y be r e q u ire d o f the m . A ft e r g iv in g so m e g o o d a d v ic e a n d u s e fu l h in ts in first a id , the in s p e c t io n e rm in a te d w ith a v o te o f t h a n k s to the in s p e c t in g o fficer.

A I D .

—

were also present Mr. Jones, Signal Department; Mr. Smith, Electrical Department; Mr. Rowbottom, Locomo tive Department; Mr. Beach, Goods Department; and Mr. D. Thomas, of Euston, the Centre Secretary. Mr. Trench, in a felicitous speech, expressed the pleasure it gave him to be present to identify himself with so important a work, work which he considered to be of real national importance, and he referred to the great value the knowledge acquired in these classes had been to the members of the staff serving in His Majesty’s Forces. He congratulated the men on the successful result of their labours and presented the awards as follows:— 10 certifi cates for first examination ; 5 vouchers for second exami nation ; 6 medallions for third examination ; 16 labels for fourth and subsequent examinations. A vote of thanks to Mr. Trench, proposed by the Chairman, who remarked how much they appreciated his presence and encouraging remarks, was heartily carried. Mr. Thomas congratulated the Corps on its excellent officers who had surmounted the difficulties attendant on ambulance effort at present and had held classes and examinations with the regularity of normal times, a fact which reflected great credit on those responsible. Thanks were accorded the hon. secretary, Mr. A. J. Hopkins, and the hon. instructor, Mr. W. G. Judge, who are jointly responsible for much of the success of the Corps, and to whose zeal and ability a high tribute was paid.

Sailwau Ambulance. S.E. & C. Ry. — This Centre continues to make ex cellent progress. During the past season, 289 first year certificates have been issued to new members, whilst nearly a thousand members of the staff, already holding an award of the Association have successfully passed a more ad vanced examination. In 1910 a medal of special design was instituted for presentation to members of the staff passing an ambulance examination seven years in succes sion. Since then, no fewer than 701 men have qualified in this respect. O f the company’s employees serving with the colours at the present time, 230 are members of the Centre. 4,114 cases of first aid have been rendered by members of the staff during the past twelve months, making a total of 23,000 instances where the patients’ sufferings have been alleviated and further complications prevented, since the formation of the Centre in 1905. On the ist ult. a very successful concert was held in Central Hall, Westminister, under the auspices of the No. 1 District Corps attached to the Centre. An excellent programme was rendered and we are pleased to learn that as the result of the efforts of the members of the Corps— and one and all must have worked with a will to bring about such a good result— a sum of ^ 5 0 has been placed to the credit of the funds of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital in France. L. & N.W. Rv.— That, in spite of depletion of staff and other difficulties resulting from the present crisis, first aid is very much alive at Watford was evidenced by the large body of local ambulance men who assembled at the station on Tuesday evening, Sept. 11 th, to receive at the hands of Mr. E. C. Trench, the Chief Engineer of the Company, the awards earned at the examinations held during the past season. Mr. W. H. Williams, the Divisional Engineer, a warm supporter of the movement, was in the chair, and there

These gentlemen having suitably responded, the pro ceedings terminated with a cordial vote of thanks to the Chairman.

R eview s. C H E M IS T R Y

FO R

B E G IN N E R S .

B y C . T . K in g z e t t, F . I . C . , F .C . S . L o n d o n : B a llie r e , T in d a ll & C o x .

Price 2s. 6d. net. T h e p h e n o m e n a l in d u s t r ia l p ro g re s s m a d e b y G e r m a n y d u r in g the la s t h a lf c e n t u r y h a s, in a g r e a t m e a s u re , re s u lt e d fro m the w id e t e a c h in g a n d a p p lic a t io n o f c h e m i c a l s c ie n c e . I n t h is c o u n t r y , w ith its im m e n s e n a t u r a l r e s o u rc e s , a u t iliz a t io n o f c h e m ic a l k n o w le d g e s h o u ld b e the m e a n s o f its fu tu re c o m m e rc ia l p ro s p e rity . T h e in fo r m a s io n g iv e n in t h is lit tle b o o k w ill q u a lif y a ll th o se w h o m a y a c q u ir e it a n e le m e n t a ry k n o w le d g e o f the s u b je c t w h ic h s h o u ld b e th e s te p p in g s to n e o f a n a b s o r b in g s c ie n c e . T h e b o o k is m o st c o n c is e , ye t it is s im p le in la n g u a g e , a n d s h o u ld be in the h a n d s o f a ll th o se w h o fin d t h e m s e lv e s h a n d ic a p p e d b y th e w a n t o f k n o w le d g e o f th e p r in c ip le s o f c h e m is try .

On the occasion of the annual presentation of certi ficates and awards to the members of the Gosport, Alverstoke and Fareham Centre, S.J.A.A., on September 26th, Inspector General H. C. Woods, R.N., the chairman, pre sented a report on the work of the Centre for the past three years. From 1899 something like 2,000 pupils had joined the classes, and at the present time the Centre has 175 classes and 1,956 certificates, 121 vouchers and 479 medallions labels have been awarded. W h e n c o r r e s p o n d in g w i t h A d v e r t i s e r s p l e a s e m e n t io n “ F i r s t A i d . ”

F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

J O

T .

JOHN

N Z

G eneral L etter of th e Joint V.A.D. C om m ittee to County D irectors. I

you the following for your information:— We have been asked whether we ought to insure (a) our unpaid members who receive allowances, and (b) cooks, charwomen, laundrymaids, etc., who work in our Auxiliary Hospitals. I took legal opinion on the subject, and I am informed that, for our own safety, we ought to have all our workers insured under the following:— send

National Insurance Act, Employer’s Liability Act, Workmen’s Compensation Act, Lord Campbell’s Act, and Common Law, and that we can do all this for a lump sum annually. Some of you will probably consider this excessive and unneces sary, in which case I should strongly recommend that you do see that all your Hospitals insure their members under the National Insurance Act if they are in receipt of any allowances such as board, lodging, laundry, as the Law takes no account of allowances but considers them pay ment. I have received various enquiries from County Directors regarding Aliens, and think it advisable to make a more detailed statement as to what is required in con nection with such applicants. (a) A lien s may be of any nationality except British, and the word “ Alien ” includes not only Allies and Neutrals but also Alien Enemies. Aliens are always required to produce Identity Books when applying for employment on War Service of any description. These Identity Books are obtain able at any Police Station.

(b) B ritish Subjects are those who are born in Great Britain or Ireland, or who, having been born elsewhere, have become naturalised as British Subjects. These do not require Identity Books. When either or both the parents of a British Subject are or have at any time been alien subjects, forms 12 and 13B, issued from this office (one form of 12B and 13B in duplicate), must be forwarded to me for transmission to the War Office, before such applicants may be em ployed by the Joint Societies on any Civil Auxiliary War Work or as V.A.D. members in Military Hospitals. You will notice that this includes more than actual enrolment in a Voluntary Aid Detachment. I shall be glad if County Directors would send to Devonshire House the names of any members whom they may discharge from their Detachments for any reason. We are particularly anxious that women whom we have dis charged should not obtain employment with the W.A.A.C., either as Privates or Officers. County Directors are asked to encourage applicants to train for motor driving under the Joint Societies according

AM BULANCE

A T

M E

GAZETTE. —

O cto b e r, 1 9 1 7 .

to the arrangements made in J.V.A.D. 66, dated 25th September, 1916. There is an urgent need for more members on our Selected Reserve. County Directors are asked to issue instruction to the members of their Voluntary Aid Detachments that they must report themselves to their Commandants on their return from or completion of engagements at Hospitals other than those staffed by their own Detachments. I am informed that very often members who have gone else where to work re-engage themselves locally, or even in some place, without informing their Commandant. This, of course, means that it is impossible for the County Director to have any real knowledge where his members may be working. Yours faithfully, C

h ilst o n

Chief County Director.

Our W ork for th e Sick and W ounded. (A

S eries

o f

H e a d in g

A rtic le s rased J o in t

w ill

th e

W ar

la s t

A ppear R ep ort

u n d er o f

th is

th e

C o m m itte e).

landing on Gallipoli on April 25th, 1915, gave the signal for the formation of a second organisation of Red Cross work comparable in size with that which had been built up in France, and extending over a far larger area. Three needs were instantly apparent —

T h e

1. The despatch of large quantities of hospital stores and comforts, for the wounded on their long sea journey from Gallipoli to the bases at Malta and in E g y p t; 2. The provision of motor boats and other light craft to facilitate the transhipment of men and of stores, especially in the congested harbour of Mudros (Isle of Lemnos); and 3 The establishment of additional Red Cross hospitals and ambulance units in Malta and in Egypt. The first two of these were matters of great difficulty. But both were m et; the first by the establishment on the shores of Gallipoli itself of a small Red Cross station, a depot at Mudros with a refreshment buffet which served many thousands of wounded men, and the supply of the hospital ships, with all manner of alleviations, from mosquito-nets to acid drops. The indefatigable stores department in England succeeded in discovering and despatching suitable motor and other boats, which were quickly sent to Mudros and Malta. The hospital service was planned on lines which have proved of permanent value since the withdrawal of the expedition in Gallipoli, and the establishment of our forces at Salonika, while there are engaged in this area the largest body of workers working under any one Red Cross

O c t o b e r, 1 9 1 7 .

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Commission abroad with the exception of those on the Western front in France. When Malta was crowded with our sick and wounded from Gallipoli— Christmas, 1915, was the worst time— the store depot established by the Societies was of inestimable value in supplying the military hospitals, and 200 hospital ships with countless things which otherwise the men could never have had. From the Malta depot stores have, on occasion, been hurried on to Salonika, Italy, Egypt, East Africa, the Persian Gulf, and Mesopotamia. The work of the six invalid kitchens has been highly successful. As showing what they do, no fewer than 107,326 invalid diets were supplied in the period from January to March last, while 13,866 teas were provided by two Red Cross tea rooms. In the same period 13,032 “ welcome ” parcels containing notepaper, tobacco, chocolate, &c., were supplied to wounded men arriving in the Island. A special feature of work at Malta is the provision of entertainments, and eight local parties are organised and financed by the Red Cross. In Egypt the work was and is both widespread and exacting. From the big Red Cross depot at Alexandria about 75 military and Red Cross hospitals in the Medi terranean have been regularly supplied with stores of all kinds, and some 50 hospital ships have been regularly re plenished, many of them several times over ; large quanti ties of stores have also been shipped from here to Mesopo tamia. The depot at Suez has had to supply the ships taking wounded and convalescents to India and the Anti podes. Five hospital trains running in Egypt have also been constantly supplied. Refreshments for the wounded are also provided on the quays at Alexandria, at Cairo, Port Said and on the hospital trains, and the number cf portions supplied in those circumstances has certainly passed the million mark. Besides all these there are the shelters against flies and heat (112 degrees in the shade), bathing sheds in the desert, motor boats for the conveyance and outings of con valescents, the provision of concerts and entertainments which have had audiences of something like 1,500,000 in gross, the distribution of books and newspapers which has already exceeded 2,500,000, and the capable “ missing and enquiry” department which has furnished close on 50,000 reports. Recently there has been added a new department for providing survivors from submarined and mined ships with clothing and other necessaries, and, if need be, money, while the “ welcome ” bags distributed totalled at a recent date 320,734. Since May, 1915 , personnel numbering over 2,500 have been enrolled, while over ^250,000 has been received in local donations in Egypt, the Soudan and Malta. The following is a list of the hospitals now maintained under the Red Cross in E g y p t :— No. 1 Red Cross Convalescent (Syrian), 50 beds, Alexandria. No. 3 Red Cross Convalescent, 30 beds, Alexandria. No. 7 Red Cross Convalescent (Sultan’s Montazah Palace), 1,400 beds, Alexadria. No. 9 Red Cross Convalescent (Bulkeley), 18 beds, Alexandria. No. 10 Red Cross Convalescent (Lindemann), 45 beds, Ibrahimieh. Red Cross Hospital, Saidieh (Giza), 560 beds, Cairo. No. 9 is a hospital for nurses ; Nos. 4 (Ross, 22 beds), 6 (Lady Howard de Walden, 173 beds), 11 (Lady Howard de Walden, 17 beds), 12 (Lady Graham, 9 beds), and the Walda Palace Convalescent Home (100 beds) have now

JOH N

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

been closed. During 12 months over 24,000 patients were treated at the various hospitals in Cairo and Alexandria. The huge Montazah hospital of 1,400 beds at Alexandria was once the palace of the ex-Khedive. It stands in beautiful grounds of 600 acres stretching down to the seashore and includes its own harbour with bathing pavilions. Everything has been thought of which can make this not only a hospital but a home. A motor-boat makes trips along the coast, carrying over 90 men on each journey; games, indoor and out, are provided ; and cine matograph shows and concerts are given three times a week. Between 15,000 and 16,000 soldiers have recovered at Montazah. Early in 1916 the largest single consignment of stores despatched up to that date from Pall Mall was sent to Salonika. Its value was ^20,000. The goods were packed in over 2,000 bales and cases, and weighed 250 tons. This consignment formed the nucleus for a large depot which has been invaluable to the sick of the British, French, Russian, Italian and Serbian forces concentrated there. Stores shipped from Mudros after the evacuation of Gallipoli were also brought to Salonika. A convoy of 30 ambulances and two soup kitchens sent out as a gift to the Serbian Army arrived at the end of November. The Commission maintains a convalescent hospital for nurses, and has assisted to establish a hospital for Serbian refugees. The invalid kitchen and canteen service is a special feature of the work at Salonika. In a large degree the special province of untiring women workers, it has won high praise and appreciation from the Army Medical Ser vices and from officers and men of our own and our Allies’ forces. How great is its scope can be gathered from the fact that in the space of a single month 87,251 invalid diet rations were issued from the invalid kitchens at Nos. 4 and 5 Canadian General Hospitals and Nos. 29 and 43 General Hospitals. A refreshment canteen on the English pier during the autumn had to do double work in connection with the transfer of sick and wounded to hospital ships. At another canteen at the Town Station refreshments are supplied to British, French, Russian, Italian and Serbian wounded arriving from the front, and also to Bulgarian prisoners. Yet another canteen on the Serbian front has provided milk, bread, biscuits and tea to as many as 5,300 Serbs in a month, while provision had also to be made for Serbian refugees. As for the invalid kitchens, the latest figures available at the time of writing showed that 119,902 invalid rations had been supplied in the month of April alone. The cost of preparation has been as low as o o6d. per ration. All this is, of course, additional to the ordinary work of helping with the handling, nursing and transport of the sick and wounded, while the Salonika Commission embraces also all such regular features as departments for distribu tion of literature, wounded and missing inquiries, and the like. A well-advanced refreshment stall was opened in March at a point where sick and wounded from the front are transferred to the casualty clearing stations, and in five days proved its usefulness by supplying 409 men with refreshments. Special steps to meet requirements for the hot weather were taken at the beginning of the year, and at the moment of writing large issues are being made of specialities for the fight against flies and mosquitoes, a branch of Red Cross activity which was greatly appreciated last year. For more than a year past the needs of the British

— F IR ST

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JOHN

forces in Mesopotamia have been a very special care of the Red Cross, and its efforts in connection with those of the Army Medical Service have their reward in the fact that during the strenuous operations carried out by General Maude’s troops from December last on through the early months of this year the arrangements for the handling and care of the sick and wounded worked without a hitch. So well was everything thought out that on one occasion the Red Cross Commissioner was able to record that 1,050 cases have been transported from the front line down to the Tigris to base hospital in the space of 24 hours. Our work in Mesopotamia is of a threefold character— the provision of ambulance launches, motor ambulances, and hospital stores and comforts. Within a few days of the entry of the British forces into Baghdad an advanced stores depot was established there. Many thousands pounds worth of stores have been sent out there and to Bazra, Amarah and Bombay, where also there are Red Cross depots. These include water and air beds, ice machines, wheeled chairs, and countless other factors of care and comfort. So far the stores despatched to Bazra from headquarters in Pall Mall amount in value to ^94,000, thsse being addi tional to large supplies frcm Alexandria and Bombay. A complete convoy of 50 motor ambulances is at work in Mesopotamia, but by far the most important work of all has been the provision of some two score motor launches, which the societies have been assured have rendered splendid service during all the operations of General Maude’s forces. Several of these launches have been work ing right away up-river at Baghdad ever since the occu pation. In addition, a recent communication stated that everything in connection with the forward store depot there was going very satisfactorily, and that arrangements had been made to send up 200 cases every fortnight. This work on a river line of communications that is now over 500 miles in length speaks for itself. A shallow-draught hospital ship, the “ Nabha,” has been built specially at a cost of more than £ 16 ,0 0 0 This vessel is driven by paraffin (Thornycroft engines), and its hospital accommodation has been carefully designed in accordance with the advice of Sir Frederick Treves. It was sent out in sections to be rebuilt at Bombay in readiness to proceed to Bazra, where it recently arrived under its own power. The boat, which is designed to carry sick and wounded downstream from the front to the base, is ex tremely well fitted, capable of carrying 60 cot cases and large numbers of sitting cases. It has, besides, an icemaking plant capable of turning out two tons of ice every 24 hours. Another project of the Societies is the erection of a convalescent home at Amarah.

( To be continued).

V.A.D. The

N ew s.

following notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department op the Joint V .A .D . Committee and w ill appear monthly under the above heading.— E d i t o r .

The following remarks on the subject of War Service Badges have been sent us by the Commandant of a Norfolk Detachment : — “ I have been greatly interested reading in the R ed Cross of the attitude some of the trained nurses have taken up with regard to V .A .D .s — their supposed aspirations to be considered trained nurses, and also the criticisms on

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

O cto b e r, 1917.

their uniform. As one who has had the control of a V,A. D. hospital since 1914, I should have said both Commandants and Probationers were thankful to leave the responsibility of the actual nursing to the trained sisters in charge. I know we all are in our hospital. “ In view of the criticism by the profession, and to avoid further discussion in the future, I venture to suggest that there should be an alteration in the giving of the War Service Badges. I find I am entitled to a Proficiency Badge and Bar for Home Nursing, having passed three examinations in 1913 and 1914, and having worked regu larly since the war began. “ I have never done any nursing whatever, but am en titled to wear the same badge as nurses who have been nursing these three years, and by now know a great deal of the subject I who have done nothing but administrative work, to wear the same badge in recognition of service, seems absurd, and calls forth much comment. My quarter master, too, who has done nothing but look after the men’s kit for two years, has a First Aid War Service Badge, she having passed examinations three years ago. She has done no nursing whatever. “ Would it not he possible to give Commandants and Quartermaster a War Service Badge for services ren dered, and not for a branch of the work they have never done ? “ If our uniforms are critised, I fear our decorations will cause many unpleasant remarks.” v A somewhat misleading paragraph in the September number of the Gazette stated that “ in consequence of re organisation in the National Service Department, all nursing V.A .D.s are in future to apply to the Headquarters of the Women’s Voluntary Aid Detachments, Devonshire House.” It should be clearly understood that all women wish ing to volunteer for work as V.A.D. nursing members must apply locally to their County Director or Recruiting Com mandant, and that no names are accepted at Devonshire House which have not been sent up by these county officers. * * * We regret that, owing to a clerical error in recording the death of Miss Margaret E Evans, in last month’s num ber, her detachment, Lincoln to, was referred to as “ S J.A.B.” instead of “ B.R C.S.” *** This month we have to enrol five more names on the glorious Roll of those who have made the supreme sacrifice. The simple heroism and devotion to duty enshrined in these bare, brief records of work well done must prove the richest consolation to those who mourn their loss, to whom the hearts of readers of this Gazette will go out in silent sympathy. Miss Elizabeth Marjorie Gordon, Surrey 140, S.J.A.B., was posted to Salonika on July 28th, 1917, and died of malarial fever on September n t h . Miss Gladys M. Junes, Cambridge 14, B.R.C.S., was posted to Dartford Military Hospital on October 14th, 1915, transferred to Millbank on August 14th, 1916, and to Salonika April 20th, 1917. She died of malaria on August 2 ist. Miss Katharine L. Kinnear, W.R. Yorks 8, S.J.A .A , served under the Joint Committee in France from January, 1916, to July of the same year, and again from March, 1917, till her death, which took place on September 7th from acute colitis. Miss Eleanor Frances Orford, City of Dublin 38,

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THE

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JOH N

S.J.A.B., was posted to the ist Western General Hospital, Liverpool, on May 25th, 1917, and served there till her death from enteric on September 3rd. Miss Elspeth Earle, Hants 2, B.R.C.S. (four years' service), died from pneumonia on May 2nd, 1917, after exposure in devotion to hospital duties, in all weathers, bicycling twice daily to Highfield Red Cross Hospital, where she assisted in dispensing. Her funeral on May 4th with military honours was a fitting tribute to one who had given her life in devoted service to her country. The gun carriage bearing the coffin was covered with the Union Jack, and was escorted by the blue-coated convalescents from the Hospital, the matron, nurses and officers and members of the V.A.D. following. The “ Last P o st ” was sounded and three volleys fired. v This month’s postings show, as usual, a reflection of the course of events at the front. During (August, when the autumn campaign was beginning, the Military Hospitals abroad added 119 V.A.D. members to their staffs, not counting those transferred from Home hospitals. This apparently satisfied their needs for the present, as only one more member was sent out to them during September. At home, also, the postings to Military Hospital wards were more numerous in August, while those for Auxiliary Hospitals (always the last to feel the effects of a “ push ”) show a slight increase in September. The total number at work has again increased by 105, and the number of new applications by 180. * *

- 601 members have been posted during the four weeks from 28th August— 25th September, allocated as foliows :— A

om e

..................................

A broad— i n iv iiiiid ry

•••

Not in Wards ... ..j ... Under Joint Committee, Nurs ng

...

•••

„

))

..................................

•••

N o n - N u r s i n g .................................

General Service Members inMilitary Hospital Wards „ „ „ Military „ „ „ „ „ Auxiliary „ „ Total

.............

309 1 111 *

2 19 28

1 57 72 601

The total number of members now at work is 9,984, allocated as follows :— A

om e

—

In Military Hospital Wards .................................. In „ „ „ General Service.............. I n N aval „ „ In „ „ „ General Servic e.............. In Auxiliary Hospitals ............................................ A

br o ad

G A Z E T T E .—

How to Form a Division of th e S t. John A m bulance Brigade. T h o s e who, having obtained the certificates of the St. John Ambulance Association, wish to keep up the knowl edge they have gained, and put it to the best use, can do so by joining the St. John Ambulance Brigade. If there are no local Divisions and the necessary number of volun teers are forthcoming, an application should be addressed to the Deputy-Commissioner of the District. Sixteen prospective members and an Honorary Surgeon are the minimum required to form an Ambulance (Male) Division, and 12 and an Honorary Surgeon a Nursing (Female) Division. The qualification for admission to an Ambulance Division is the possession of a First Aid Certificate of the Association, and for a Nursing Division a First Aid and Home Nursing Certificate of the Association. Each Division collects and has control of its own funds, and nominates its own officers, subject to the approval of the Deputy-Commissioner of the District and confirmation by the Chief Commissioner. T o be “ efficient,” members must attend a minimum of 12 drills, or in the case of women 12 practices, and also pass an annual re-examination in First Aid, be present at the Annual Inspection, and go out on public street duty when ordered to do so by the officers in charge of the Division. The wearing of the brigade uniform is desirable but not compulsory.

—

In Military Hospital Wards In Naval „ „ In Auxiliary „ „

„

AM BULANCE

O cto b e r, 1 91 7.

5,429 626 36 11

949

—

In Military Hospitals Under Joint Committee

............................................. ............................................

2,290 643

9,984 574 new applications for Nursing and General Service have been received during the past four weeks. In view of the difficulties of obtaining the services of the members of the Medical Profession to lecture in First Aid and Home Nursing, the Ambulance Committee have decided that in special circumstances permission to hold a mixed class may be given at the Director’s discretion when such class is organised under some recognised authority, such as an Educational Committee, School, or Govern ment Department.

The L ate Dr. H, P. P otter. h e following address was delivered by Sir Dyce Duck worth, Bart., LL.D ., Almoner of the Order, on the occasion of the unveiling of a memorial to the memory of Dr. Potter, in the church of St. Elizabeth, Kensington, W., on 25th September. Dr. Potter, who was a Knight of Grace of the Order, died on the 9th of April from blood poisoning, contracted while performing an operation. “ We are assembled to-day in the House of God to unveil a memorial of the character and services of a man who won the esteem and affection of many persons in this parish. As the Almoner of the Order of St. John of Jeru salem I have been appointed to convey to this assembly the regret felt by many members of the Order who have good cause to acknowledge Dr. Potter’s active and valuable services to it. I had not the happiness to know Dr. Potter personally, but I have ascertained how he won the confidence and affection of all who worked with and under him. I can therefore well understand how his passing away has been a source of sincere sorrow to all who knew him and loved him. For thirty-seven years he was the able Medical Superintendent of the Kensington Infirmary. H e con stantly acted as Lecturer and Examiner for the St. John Ambulance Association, and always had a number of our Brigade Nurses in the Infirmary Wards. He studied at St. Thomas’ Hospital and in Paris, and was a Doctor of Medicine of Durham, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He was a warm supporter of the British College of Physical Education at Notting Hill Gate, and took an active part in its teaching and adminis tration. Previous to his settling in Kensington he was attached as Surgeon to Lord Brassy’s famous yacht the “ Sunbeam,” and published a paper on The N a tu r a l History

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ST.

o f her remarkable Voyage fro m 18 7 5 i 8 7 ^>-

JOHN

He met his death at the age of 62 from blood-poisoning contracted in his duties here. “ We do well to take note of the services and character ot such a man as Henry Percy Potter. Such men work on quietly, and live lives of self-effacement. The world hears little of them, but their influence is always great, and far-reaching for good. Dr. Potter’s splendid career was a fine example of the force of high character, and the reply to the question what manner of man was he, comes back to testify that the character of a man will always take pre cedence of his attainments, and leave behind it happier and more lasting benefits in the days that are to follow. It is a responsibility and a privilege of our lives to have known and worked with such men, and, therefore, the memory of those who knew Dr. Potter will always be happy and sweet. The memorial we inaugurate to-day will tell its own tale, and encourage many of us to follow in his steps. May he rest in peace !”

N otes

and

N ew s.

The Association has now issued 1,378,241 certificates. * *

Owing to the introduction of the new arrangements with regard to Brigade re-examinations referred to in Paper 1 1 5 (2) Honorary Secretaries of the Centres of the Associa tion will not be asked after the ist of October to issue form Re-exam - C in respect of such re-examination as laid down in the General Regulations of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, par. 24. The Brigade Officers concerned will obtain all the necessary forms from the Deputy Commissioners. Application for Association awards on Forms M -A , L - A and P - A will be made as heretofore. *** List of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade registered at St. John’s Gate during August and September, 1917 :— No. 2 Division.— White (J.S.) & Co., Ltd., Ambulance Division. No. 3 Division.— Greasley Colliery Ambulance Divi sion (North Leicester Corps); Tamworth Nursing Divi sion; Thornley Nursing Division. No. 4 Division.— Wardle Nursing Division ; Crawshaw Nursing Division. No. 5 Division.— Bradford National Motor Volunteer Ambulance Division. No. 6 Division.— Hedon Nursing Division (Hull Corps). No. 11 Division.— Morriston Ambulance Division; Treharries Ambulance Division.

1 he following St. John V . A D .’s have been registered during August and September, 1917 :— M en's V .A .D . Abersychan, Monmouth. Commandant: G. F. Tuckwell, Esq., 53, Commercial road, Talywain, Mon., Aug. 7th. Walverhampton, Stafford. Commandant : M. Christo pher, Esq , The Bungalow, Chart-road, Tettenhall, Sept. 3rd.

Women’s V .A .D . Cwnfelinfach, Monmouth 32. Commandmant : Miss M. Powell, Festubert, Hill View, Cwnfelinfach, Aug. 9th, Tylorstown, Glamorgan 228. Commandant: Mrs. S. Williams, 21, Parry-street, Tylorstown, Aug. 9th. Halifax, W.R. Yorks 176. Commandant : Capt. F. G.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

O cto b e r, 19 1 7.

Hack, R.A M.C., Elm Grange, Parkinson-place, Halifax, Sept. 14th. Aylesbury, Bucks 6. Commandant: Lady Smith, St. John’s Lodge, Stone, Aylesbury, Sept. 17th. Northampton, Northampton 28. Commandant: Mrs. C. F. St. John Mildmay, Thornby Grange, Guilsborough, Northampton, Sept. 29th.

V The Order of St. John Warehouse.— Week ending October 5th, 1917 : —

Garments. Received to date (5/10/17) Sent out to date (5/10/17)

...

Stock at W arehouse............. Received during the week Sent out during the week

... ...

Articles.

712,852 2,689,958 606,254 2,534,670

Total. 3,402,811 3,140,925

106,599

155,288

261,887

1,719

26,081 26,177

27,800 28,712

2,535

The St. John Warehouse (Chairman Lady Jekyll), 56, St. John’s-square, Clerkenwell, working under the Joint War and Finance Committees, of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society has been very busy throughout the summer and autumn months, and many urgent appeals from St. John Hospitals as well as from many civil and military ones comes in daily. The following is a list of articles for which there is a special demand:— Cardigans, gloves, mufflers, officer’s hospital clothing, flannel pants, games (especially packs of cards), soap, stationery, household and table-linen (especially face-towels), hot-water-bottles, air-pillows and pipes, or the money to purchase at wholesale rates, V N

lasses

F ir s t A id ( Women). King’s College for Women, Campden Hill-road, Ken sington- W. Hon. Sec., Miss Baddeley, 87, Cadagangardens, S.W. 3. Fee, 12s. 6d. Mondays, 5 p.m. ; com mencing October 29th. (To be followed by a course on Home Nursing). College for Working Women, 7, Fitzroy-street, Fitzroysquare, W. 1. Miss K. Vialls, Lady Superintendent. Fee, is. Mondays, 8 p.m. ; commencing October 22nd. Church House, Barnet, Herts. Hon. Sec., Miss B. H. Weber, Hadley Hourne, Barnet, Herts. Wednesdays, 2.30 p.m. ; commencing October 31st. 26, The Terrace, Barnes (immediately outside Barnes Bridge Station). Hon. Sec.^Miss Short, 9, Lyric-road, Barnes. Tuesdays, 7 30 p.m. South Western Polytechnic Institute, Manresa-road, Chelsea, S.W. 3. Fee, 5s. Tuesdays, 5 p .m .; commenc ing October 16th. Eustace Miles Restaurant. Chandos-street, Strand, W.C. Hon. Sec., Miss Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, S.W. 3. Fee, 4s. Thursdays, 7.15 p.m.

Ho?ne Nursing. Regent-street Polytechnic, 307, Regent-street, W. Fee, 1 2 S . 6d, Tuesdays, 2 p.m.; commencing November 13th. (Also an evening course).

F ir s t A id {Men). Leopold-road, Harlesden. Hon. Sec., Mr. Claridge, Grasmere, Moss-lane, Pinner. Fee, 2s. Thursdays, 8 . 1 5 p.m. St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. Hon. Sec., Mr. Pearce. Fee, 4s. Tuesdays, 6 p.m. Oxendon Presbyterian Church Hall, Haverstock Hill. Hon. Sec., Mr. Norwood, 5, Gayton-road, Hampstead. Fee 4s. Tuesdays, at 8 p.m., commencing Nov, 6th.

— F I R S T

O c to b e r, 19 17.

CO NTENTS E

d it o r ia l

ist r ic t

T H IS

many battle fronts.

NUM BER.

...

epo rts

...

growing difficulty of obtaining subscriptions. * + * T w o interesting exhibits have been presented to the National War Museum by the Joint War Committee of the

—

No. 1 ; No. 5

...

No. 11

...

•••

Red Cross.

one of the Society’s standard motor ambulances at work

Railway Ambulance

...

•••

...

E V I E W S :—

Chemistry for Beginners T

A deficit of nearly ^ 2 0 , coo a week

has to be met owing to the increasing demands and the

—

Progress D

A I D. —

St . Jo

h n ’s

m bu lance

... G

aze tt e

—

...

It is one-fourth the full size.

...

in October,

stretcher ambulance car and

1914.

despatched

...

service in May last.

The Late Mr. H. P. Potter

...

has been attached to the car.

Notes and News

...

Brevities ... ... ... ••• III. Use and Abuse of Disinfectants...

...

etter

th e

...

d it o r

...

longer fit for service.

...

France

It was,

therefore, withdrawn

from

An inscription, engraved on a plate, T he

wording

was sub

••• ...

57 58

...

to his Division for its future guidance from the experience gained during the recent air raid :—

Division sends us the following notes which he has issued ...

...

Queries and Answers to Correspondents

...

Real First Aid

...

The car is now worn out and no

mitted to, and approved by, her Majesty. * * * S u p t . H. L a n g l e y J o n e s , of the Borough of Southend

—

Unusual Opportunity of Rendering First Aid Practical Points

Queen

was then converted into a two-

How to Form a Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade ... ... ... ... ...

...

The other is a

40 h.p. Mercedes car used by King Edward and

November of that year.

V.A.D. News

reproduction of

Alexandra, and presented by her Majesty to the Societies

General Letter of the Joint V.A.D. Committee to the County Directors ... ... ... Our Work for the Sick and Wounded

overseas.

One is a model— an exact

... ...

...

The obviously dead should not be taken to the hospital but handed over to the Police if possible. Yellow stains on the skin from the powder

B re v ities.

in the

bombs should be washed thoroughly with soap or with the solution recommended by Dr. Sequiera— one teaspoonful

u r in g

the past twelve months the queries on the

theory and practice of first aid have increased considerably in numbers— no less than 78 such queries having been received from all parts of the world, and solved by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, as against 36 in the previous year.

Analysis or

the present series shows also greater variation and wider interest, involving the whole range of first aid, and affords a contrast to last year’s list, in which fractures largely pre dominated and poisoning was totally neglected.

Thus, 20

queries have dealt with fractures; 20 with haemorrhage and wounds ; 9 with shock and insensibility; 8 with asphyxia and artificial respiration ; 7 with scalds and burns ; 7 with

of sodium bicarbonate to a quart of water— pumicestone should be used in both cases. Re-dressing of wounds should be avoided ; leave that to the doctors. Members should take cover while an attack is pro ceeding ; they cannot help others if injured themselves. Names and addresses of patients or relations should be obtained if time permits. Members in mufti must be sure to wear the Red Cross brassard or the St. which they will probably

I t

T h e

** * is a great source of satisfaction to know that the

services rendered by the members of the St. John Ambu lance Brigade on the occasion of the recent air raids have been appreciated both by the general public and official bodies alike.

For many years past the Brigade has been

doing its good work on public occasions without the public being aware of its existence, now it has come into much prominence in the public mind, and we hope they will give it the support which is its just due. D a y ”

appeal took

place on October

1 8 th ,

when the great effort was made to raise such a sum as will entitle the Joint War Committee of the Red

without

one

be allowed jhrough

of the

*** Secretary of the War Office recently issued the

following notice :— In order to prevent the improper use of the Red Cross emblem on privately-owned motor-cars and other vehicles, it has been decided that owners of all vehicles who desire to obtain permission to display the emblem

must

make

application through the headquarters of the command by which their cars are employed. If the car in question fulfils the following condi tions :— (1) That it is used solely for the conveyence of sick

V “ O u r

not

Police cordon.

poisons and poisoning ; 4 with transport of patient; and 3 with bandaging.

John armlet,

Cross

and wounded soldiers. (2) That it has been placed at

the disposal

of the

military authorities for this purpose ; the application will

maintain its proud boast that it has never failed to meet

be forwarded to the War Office and the necessary permit

any demand made upon it for the sick and wounded on the

issued.

— F I R S T

III.

U se and

Abuse of D isinfectants.

B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R , M.B.. B.A., B.C., Cantab., M.R.C.S., Eng.

Hon. Surgeon Hampstead Division S ./.A .B . Author of ''''Aids to F i r s t - A i d “ A id s to Home Nursing," &*c. T h e Second Article o f this Series dealt with the Use and

Abuse of Stimulants, more especially in relation to Shock, and suggests as its sequel a discussion on Disinfectants, because Hremorrhage, Shock and Sepsis constitute the three grave changes which must always be kept in mind by First-Aiders, if they would be really efficient in their treat ment of every local injury. For this reasoD, no page in the history of Surgery is more interesting than that which deals with Disinfection, and a large share of the interest centres on the Englishman whose work was so far-reaching that, as has been truly said, there are two periods of Disinfection— (i) before Lister and (2) after Lister. Lister worked on the researches of Pasteur (the French Scientist), and always frankly acknowledged his indebted ness. The latter first solved in i860 the problem cf “ fer mentation ” (a term originally used in connection with the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide from sugar through the agency of the yeast plant); proved that this process was due to the action of living germs which in 1878 were designated microbes by Sedillot ; and stated his conviction that Septic Infection was a fermentation of the flesh which owed its origin to living organisms. Lister applied Pasteur’s work to Surgery and published his results in 1865. Asking for a suitable antiseptic (a term first used by Place in 1721 in a treatise on Plague), he was supplied by Calvert with*very crude Carbolic Acid, which was subsequently purified, rendered soluble in water and diluted, until it was said that “ Mr. Lister’s arguments grow stronger as his solutions grow weaker ”— a statement which reflects the opposition faced by Lister in the estab lishment of his wonderful discovery and novel mode of practice. T o the First-Aider it is an interesting fact that the new method was first systematically applied to the treat ment of compound fracture which in those days was re garded as a most dangerous surgical condition. Indeed, previous to the introduction of antiseptics the patient with such a fracture was fortunate to escape death from septic poisoning, and amputation of the limb was the most frequent issue of the accident. The establishment of Antisepsis, following as it did that of reliable methods for producing insensibility to external impressions by General Anaesthesia-— Ether being first officially used for this purpose by Morton in America in 1846 and Chloroform by Simpson in Edinburgh in 1847-— completed the armament of the modern surgeon, who is thereby enabled to carry out successfully operations which his predecessors, however efficient, could not antici pate even in their imaginations. * * * * * * Accepting, therefore, the principle that Infection— viz., the transmission of disease— results from the activity of living germs, we must emphasise three outstanding difficul ties which oppose the problem of Disinfection as applied to the human body :— ist. Substances which k ill germs are poisons — i.e., substances which taken internally or applied externally tend— in themselves— to destroy life or injure tissues. Hence the danger and the urgent need for care in storage

AID, —

O c to b e r, 19 1 7.

of disinfectants, which should always be kept in bottles — distinctly tinted and ribbed— and under lock and key. 2nd. Such substances vary in their potency— i.e., some germs are able to resist certain disinfectants for long periods, whereas others rapidly succumb. In short, the ideal object is to discover and apply the disinfectant which is peculiarly antagonistic to the special invading germs. 3rd. Such substances interfere with N ature's remedy — i.e, the special white cells of the blood which comprise Nature’s protective army against the germs of Infection, and which increase enormously in numbers and activity when invasion takes place, as in pnemonia, appendicitis, &c., &c. I.— D E F I N I T I O N

“ D IS IN F E C T A N T .”

Disinfection in the exact meaning of'the term signifies any process which destroys the causes o f Infection, i.e., kills or renders inert the active agent of any given disease. Disinfectants, therefore, destroy germs, and must be distinguished from Deodorants which merel) conceal the odours produced by germs. Again, they must not be con fused with Antiseptics which prevent the growth (and multi plication) of germs, e.g., prevent or retard the change in organic material, which is called putrefaction, and which is usually characterised by the production of evil-smelling gases. Further— apart from disinfection— the ultimate fate of living organisms is death by putrefaction, whereby their specific active power is destroyed. By varying the strength of certain chemical solutions it is possible to obtain all three effects. Thus, Lysol and Carbolic Acid may be used either as disinfectants or as antiseptics, whilst they are at the same time deodorants. The chemical action by which noxious odours are destroyed is principally one of oxidation. Deodorisation, therefore, deptnds on the capability of the agent employed to combine with atmospheric oxygen and moisture, and to produce peroxide of hydrogen, which— while used almost exclusively for its deodorant properties— possesses equally powerful disinfectant powers. The rate of deodorisation varies with the chemical activity of the agent, and the more rapidly the latter can bring about oxidation the greater is its efficiency. For example, atmospheric air by virtue of its active oxygen (ozone) is able rapidly to destroy noxious odours. II.— V A R I E T I E S

DISIN FECTAN TS.

Disinfectants can be divided into two main groups— Natural and Artificial. (A)

N a tu ra l

D isin fe c ta n ts.

Too much reliance cannot be placed on these natural agents, because (1) their action is confined to the surface of the medium on which the germs exist, and (2) their activity demands prolonged exposure for a definite length of time. F r e s h A i r — lacking as it does the warmth, moisture and food essential to the propagation of germs— is not favourable to their growth, and is chiefly infectiousby reason o f dust. Indeed, owing to the presence of oxygen, it is active hostile to many organisms (e.g., those of Wound Poisoning and Typhus Fever) and tends to kill them by oxidation. The provision of fresh air is liable to Abuse, if due care is not taken to secure a pure supply in living rooms, and more especially in bed and sick rooms. Thus, air is neither fresh nor pure when it is admitted from within the house through the door nor yet from outside through a window beneath which is situated a cesspool or heap of

O c to b e r,

— F I R S T

19 1 7

decaying refuse. Again, Abuse results from the admission of air either too rapidly or else directly upon the patient with the consequent creation of draughts and the exposure of the patient to increased danger of lung complications (e.g., pneumonia), as the sequel to chilling of the super ficial circulation. These dangers can be avoided (1) by admitting air— pure in quality and adequate in quantity— through the open window; (2) by directing its flow upwards so that it is warmed before it reaches the occu pants of the room ; and (3) by protecting the open air space with lightly stretched muslin, where necessary, to intercept any entering germ-laden dust. S u n l i g h t is more effective than fresh air, since even the more resistant germs (e.g , those of Tuberculosis and Anthrax)— when exposed to the direct rays of the sun— are destroyed in a few hours. Bright daylight also inter-

DR.

Wm.

C h ish o lm

M c D o w e ll

has been a member of the Honorary Medical Staff of the Auckland N.Z. Centre since 1900, and Chairman of the Honorary Medical Staff since 1915.

feres with the activity of germs, and the brighter the light the more complete are its effects. Sunlight is practically always beneficial, and the only warning which need be given against its Abuse is the pos sibility of admitting it into the sick room too early in the morning, and of thereby interfering with Nature’s efforts towards the patient’s recovery by means of sleep. (B)

A rtific ia l

D isin fe cta n ts.

Pasteur in his original report recommended that for operative purposes all instruments, mops, dressings, &c., should be disinfected by heat. He suggested also that the hands of the operating surgeon, after efficient cleansing, should be further sterilised by being passed through a

A I D . —

flame— a method which he said could be easily acquired, and which is to-day imitated by the wearing of properly boiled rubber gloves. Lister, however, relied on chemical disinfection, soaked his instruments, dressings and hands in a 1-40 Carbolic Acid solution, and also kept a 1-20 Carbolic spray at work during the operation the spray being soon discarded (1) because it was realised that cleanliness precludes dust and with it all risk of air-infection, and (2) because the spray exposed the patient to the risk of Carbolic Acid poisoning. Further experience has supported Pasteur’s view, because disinfection by heat has been proven much more reliable and effective than by antiseptic solution. H eat. Heat destroys a ll living organisms and is the best disinfectant we possess. Dry heat, however, is less effective than moist (i.e., steam, boiling), which is much more penetrating. B u r n i n g is a reliable method of disinfection, though it must obviously be limited to valueless articles, such as papers, dressings, mops, &c. For these, however, it is the method of choice, especially when they are soiled with infectious discharges. H o t D r y A i r is not as useful as steam, because it impregnates fabrics so slowly that these are apt to sustain permanent injury before a degree of temperature— sufficient for disinfection— can be attained. Dry htat, however, is recommended for rubber, fur and leathtr goods which would be damaged by steam. B o i l i n g is a most satisfactory and practical method of disinfection. The water, however, must be raised to the full temperature of 212 degs. Fahr., and kept at this point for not less than fifteen minutes. Where special precautions are necessary, the water may then be allowed to cool and the process again repeated. The introduction of boiling as a disinfectant has caused the disappearance of wooden handles to surgical instruments, wood being difficult of efficient disinfection and also ruined by re peated boiling. Another disadvantage is ifs tendency to destroy the edge of cutting instruments, e.g., knives, scissors, &c. Boiling is most suitable for metal instruments, glass ware, crockery, rubber gloves, &c., but all articles must be thoroughly cleansed before being placed in water. M o ist H eat, especially when applied under pressure, is the most satisfactory disinfectant. 1 be tem perature of streaming steam is the same as that of boiling water, viz, 212 degs. Fahr.; but, if pressure is applied, the temperature of steam can be raised considerably above this point. For example, a pressure of twenty pounds per square inch will raise the temperature of steam to 276 degs Fahr. Steam instantly ruins leather, and fixes permanently all stains of blood or discharges. It is rapidly fatal to all classes of germs and quickly penetrates bulky articles, such as bedding, blankets, clothing, &c., for disinfection of which it is especially indicated. In addition to the various ways— already named— in which Abuse of Heat as disinfectant may arise, it is note worthy that :— (1) H eat coagulates and fixes albumen. Instruments and other articles, therefore, which are to be preserved must— when soiled with blood, pus or discharge— be allowed to soak for a period in cold water containing salt to dissolve the albumen. Otherwise, the instruments, &c., will be spoiled and subsequent disinfection may be rendered ineffective. (2) H eat affects glass Heat causes glass to expand and cold makes it contract. For this reason, all glassware

— F I R S T

must be heated and cooled slowly, lest a sudden access of heat (or cold) cause unequal expansion (or contraction) with consequent breakage of the glass.

A ID .

—

O c to b e r, 19 1 7 .

of the individual case require consideration and give play ot resourcefulness coupled with discrimination.

(3) H ea t affects'metals. T o prevent metal instruments becoming rusted or blunted, it is wise to add to the water A First-Aider treated a boy who had stumbled in the street (in which they are to be boiled) sufficient Carbonate of and assured his parents that no bone was broken. On this advice a doctor was not summoned for two days, during which Soda form a 1 per cent, solution. The soda, however, time the patient suffered great pain and discomfort from an would soften and injure rubber goods. untreated fractured fibula. {To be concluded.) All the signs of fracture are rarely present together, and First Aiders only accept responsibility for immediate treat ment.

Setters to the Sditor. Wc are in

no may responsible fo r the opinions expressed, or the

statements made, by Correspondents.— E

UNUSUAL

O P P O R T U N I T Y OF F I R S T AID.

d ito r ,

e a r

R E N D E R IN G Q ueries w ill be dealt w ith under the follow in g r u le s :—

I recently had what I think is the rather unusual opportunity of rendering first aid in three serious acci dents in one week. The first case happened on the Wednesday, when I saw a man fall in the street in an epileptic fit, and in falling his head struck the comer of a shop window, causing a scalp wound. I treated the case as epilepsy with suspected concussion, and after treatment removed the man home on an extemporised stretcher. Then second case happened on the Friday, when passing a butcher’s shop 1 heard that a serious accident had just occurred, and on going into the shop to offer my assistance I found that a boy had had his left hand taken clean off at the wrist in a sausage making machine. I rendered first aid until the early arrival of a doctor. The third case happened on the Monday, when I was called to an old lady who had been accidentally knocked down in the street and had fractured the neck of the left femur in the capsule. She was conveyed home after treatment and seen by the doctor. I was tempted to write to you as I thought you might be interested in this unusual case of three serious accidents being treated by the same man in six consecutive days.— Yours truly. D

Queries and Answers Correspondents.

,—

A rthur Payne .

1 . — Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left hana com er of the envelope “ Q u ery ,” 4.6, Cannon-street, London, E . C .

a n d addressed— F

ir st

— A l l Q ueries m u st be accompanied by a “ Q uery C o u p o n " cut prom the curren t issue of the f o u m a l, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

3-— Q ueries, accompanied by stamped addressed envelope, w i ll be answered by post.

K. T. (Preston) asks with reference to fingers crushed in door or mangle— (i) What is the most soothing treatment ? (ii) What home treatment do you recommend if injury is not serious enough for doctor to be consulted? (i) Keep fingers at rest on the padded hand splint. Apply cold water dressings i f the skin is unbroken, and support limb in arm sling. I f skin is broken, paint wound with Tincture of Iodine, and apply dry Boracic lint after Iodine has dried by evaporation. Bandage part and support limb in arm-sling. Treat shock and remove to doctor. (ii) None. With a little more experience K. T. will learn that grave consequences often follow minor injuries (especially wounds and burns) and that the doctor is the only person who can decide whether or no further treatment is necessary.— N.

Corbet F letche r.

SHracticat Joints. The E d itor invites Notes on actual Cases— with special reference to good and bad boints in Treatment—f o r inclusion in this Column.

A Boy Scout broke his forearm. A First-Aider used two The result was great discom fort to the patient and much swelling of the forearm when the boy reached the doctor. Splints require length, breadth and strength— but not weight !

heavy iron tent pegs as splints.

During a recent Night Air-Raid an Ambulance Officer" visiting his Out-stations in the Divisional car, found that all the ordinary methods had failed to control a young Jew, who was in such a hysterical condition that a panic was likely to arise in an overcrowded Tube Station. He, therefore, removed the patient from his sympathising friends, placed him in the car, and transported him through the streets— while the guns were still booming— to the Central Station, where the Surgeon was on duty. Within five minutes the patient had completely recovered. In the treatment o f Hysteria the special circumstances of

K. T. (Preston) asks with reference to Burns and Scalds :— (i) Is Carron Oil an antiseptic dressing? If not, would it be so made by the use of Castor (or Olive) instead of Linseed Oil? (ii) Is Castor Oil (5 pts.) and Eucalyptus Oil (1 pt.) a good and safe remedy ? (iii) What home-dressing do you recommend if injury is not serious enough for doctor to be consulted ? (i) No. Carron Oil is far from antiseptic and is not made so by use of Castor (or Olive) Oil. These oily preparations are best avoided for Burns, or at any rate used only when no other dressing is available because— though they soothe and mechanically protect the part— yet they aggravate the danger of sepsis. (ii) Yes. The addition of Eucalyptus Oil minimises the risk of sepsis, and has been much recommended ; but the pro portion of 1 to 10 (instead of 1 to 5, as above) is more usual and quite sufficient for the purpose. Boracic Ointment (diluted with equal parts of vaseline) is also a valuable antiseptic first dressing. (iii) None. Burns, however slight, are prone to develop grave complications and medical assistance must be sought without delay. See reply to your other Query.— N. CORBET

Fletcher.

O c to b e r, 19 1 7.

—

F I R S T

S. E. (Bridgend) asks for the best way to treat simple fractures of clavicle and of humerus— both fractures on same side. He suggests that, after fixation of humerus, the limb should be put up as for fracture of both clavicles {Cantlie, p. 51). S. E. rightly regards the fractured humerus as the more serious injury on which he concentrates prior attention. The disadvantage, however, of the treatment suggested for the broken clavicle is that, to be effective, considerable tension must be exerted on both arm-bones, and that this might have grave results. For this reason I should favour the ordinary method (iCantlie, p. 42) with modifications, after having first secured the broken humerus in a right-angled splint. An alternative method— which, like that just named, has the distinct advan tage o f exerting tension as far away from the fractured humerus as is possible— would be to fix the humerus as before, and then to treat the collarbone by means of narrow bandages passed round each shoulder (through the axilla) "and firmly joined together behind the back by another narrow bandage. By this method both shoulders are kept well back without interfering in any way with the broken humerus. Under the circumstances, it is not necessary to take off the coat as is usually advised with the broken collarbone— a unique {and, to my mind, unfortunate) distinction in treat ment of simple fractures, based on the supposed difficulty of applying otherwise the pad in axilla efficiently and of removing the brace on the affected side ; but, of course, the clothes must be opened up (as can easily be done under any circumstances) sufficiently to allow the correct performance of these two steps in treatment. Finally, the application of a St. John sling— modified to suit the position of the splinted elbow— will probably be more comfortable than pinning sleeve to coat. For discussion of other points connected with this combi nation of fractures, S. E. is referred to the Query answered in these columns in August last.— N. Corbet FLETCHER.

E. G. D. (Gateshead).— (1) Is it possible to control the occi pital arteries with the skull bandage ? (2) If it is possible, would it be wrong, to cut off such a lot of the superficial blood supply, as the pressure wouldbe all round the skull ? (3) Should the skull bandage be applied tight or not ? (1) and (2). The skull bandage is useless for controlling bleeding by pressure, and is only intended to keep a dressing in position. If it were applied tightly, as suggested in your letter, it would interfere seriously with the circulation of the scalp without stopping bleeding from a wound, and would quickly produce headache and discomfort, whereas F'irst Aid requires that we should be “ heedful of the comfort of the patient as well as of control of part.” (3) The bandage should be applied firmly but not tightly for the reason just given. If it is applied in front well down on forehead (immediately above eyebrows) and at the back well down below the occipital prominence, then it encircles the skull and cannot be removed from the head except by a vigor ous pull. A common mistake is to apply it at the top of the forehead and above the occipital prominence so that it is, as it were, perched on the head and can consequently be displaced with half a pull.— N. Corbet F letche r.

A I D .

—

respiration. The M a n u a l suggests L a b o r d e ’s a s “ v e r y s u c c e s s f u l ” ; for m y s e lf, I s h o u ld commence with S c h a e f e r ’s M e th o d .

— N. Corbet F letc h e r. C.

H . ( B u r y ) a s k s ( 1 ) w h ic h s u r fa c e o f B o r ic lin t is u s e d fo r d r e s s in g a w o u n d , a n d (2 ) if th e “ flu ffy ” s u r fa c e w ill c a u s e s e p tic p o is o n in g o f a w o u n d .

(1 ) T h e e x p e rt s a re n o t a g re e d o n t h is p o in t — so m e ( p r o b a b ly th e m a jo r it y ) m a in t a in th a t th e sm o o th s u r fa c e s h o u ld b e u se d because it a v o id s ir r it a t io n a n d le a v e s n o flu ff in a w o u n d , w h ile o th e rs p re fe r th e flu ffy s id e because it c o n t a in s m o re b o r ic a c id . D is c r im in a t io n s u g g e s t s th e u se o f th e sm o o th s u rfa c e fo r a w o u n d a n d o f th e ro u g h fo r fo m e n ta tio n s . (2 ) B o r ic A c id is n o n - ir r it a t in g , p r a c t ic a lly n o n - p o is o n o u s a n d m ild ly a n t is e p t ic . L in t , s a t u r a te d w ith it, is a n id e a l d r e s s in g fo r F ir s t A id p u rp o s e s , because it prevents b lo o d p o is o n in g .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

R . (N e w c a s t le - o n - T y n e ) a s k s the b e st w a y to tre a t a m a n w ho, h a v in g fa lle n fro m a t ra in , h a s fra c t u r e d h is c o l la r b o n e , h is f o re a rm , a n d h a s a ls o a c o m p lic a t e d fra c t u r e o f th e r ib s , a ll in ju r ie s b e in g o n th e le ft sid e .

T h e c o m p lic a t e d f ra c t u r e o f r ib s is b e y o n d d o u b t the m o st s e rio u s in ju r y , a n d is t re a te d as la id d o w n in Cantlie (p . 48), except that (1 ) th e p a tie n t is k e p t ly in g fla t o n h is b a c k , a n d (2 ) th e le ft u p p e r lim b is k e p t e x t e n d e d a n d in c lo s e a p p o s it io n to th e b o d y . B y t h is m e a n s w e e lim in a t e a n y c h a n c e o f a g g r a v a t in g th e o th e r fra c t u r e s , a lt h o u g h the fra c t u r e d fo re a rm s h o u ld , as an extra precaution, b e s p lin t e d in the u s u a l w a y a n d at the e a r lie s t m o m e n t. F u r t h e r tre a tm e n t is d ir e c t e d to S h o c k a n d to th e d a n g e r o f In t e r n a l H a e m o rrh a g e , in v ie w o f w h ic h th e p a tie n t s h o u ld be re m o v e d a s fo r F r a c t u r e d S p in e {Cantlie, p. 4 5 ).— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

Real M

a n y

F irst

Aid.

a life h a s b e e n lo s t w h ils t p e o p le

h ave been

r u n n in g

a b o u t lo o k in g fo r the d o c to r o r fo r s o m e e la b o ra te a p p lia n c e to d e a l w ith th e c a s e . T h i s o u g h t n ot to be so, fo r in e v e r y h o u se y o u m a y fin d lo ts o f s im p le a p p lia n c e s w h ic h , if p r o p e r ly u se d , a re re a l life s a v e rs .

Splints m a y be im p r o v is e d fro m w a lk in g - s t ic k s , u m b r e lla s , s w e e p in g b ro o m s , r o lls o f n e w s p a p e r o r c lo th in g . A s o u n d lo w e r lim b w ill s e rv e a s a s u p p o r t fo r its fe llo w if fra c t u re d . Bandages.— S c a r v e s , n e c k t ie s , o r a n y o ld r a g s w ill s e rv e as b a n d a g e s to s e c u re b ro k e n lim b s , etc. T h e s e a p p lia n c e s w ill a ls o m a k e to u rn iq u e t s a n d lig a tu r e s . L a r g e a n d s m a ll a rm s lin g s m a y be im p r o v is e d b y t u r n in g u p a m a n ’s co a t ta ils . Stretchers.— T h e s e m a y be im p r o v is e d b y m e a n s of co a ts, ru g s , o r b e d c lo t h e s a n d w in d o w p o le s. Water.— H o t : F o r s p r a in s , d is lo c a t io n s , in ju r e s to k id n e y s o r b la d d e r.

T o f ill w a te r-b o ttle s fo r v a r io u s p u rp o se s.

C o ld : S p r a in s a n d d is lo c a t io n s , b r u is e s , c o m p r e s s io n o f th e b ra in , h e a t-s tro k e a n d s u n -s tro k e , a p o p le x y , h y s t e ria , a s p h y x ia t io n , s w o lle n th ro a t tis su e s . W a r m : In f a n t ile c o n v u ls io n s , b ite s fro m r a b id a n im a ls

T. W. J. (Old Shildon).— For treatment of Electric Shock, Cantlie (p. 144) reads: “ Commence artificial respiration if other methods fail to restore animation. Laborde’s method has been found to be very successful.” What are the other methods f The other methods are laid down in the two paragraphs which precede the one quoted from p. 144. If, therefore, re cumbent position, fresh air and loosening of clothes, followed by painful stimulation with wet towel, fail to “ restore anima tion,” i.e., produce signs o f animal life (restoration of conscious ness and breathing), then start some method of artificial

W a t e r , h o t o r c o ld , a c ts a s a s ty p tic .

From

M r.

H a n m e r ’s

ft e e m M

Souvenir Programme.

a n t

Jl 'iJULkdk'i ^

READY SOUPS j

F I R S T

A I D

October, 1917.

—

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I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating F r e e Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

E n la r g e d G la n d s , G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s Jo in ts, B u rsitis, S y n o v itis, S c ia tic a . N e u ritis, G o u t, R h eu m ato id A rth ritis, H y d ro c e le , P a ra sitic S k in D ise a se s. R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s, A cn e, B o ils. M u m p s , S p r a in s , AND A L L IN FLA M M A TO R Y C O N D ITIO N S.

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IODEX

IODEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1 /3 .

e q u a l q u a lit y . P r ic e s a n d

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I R

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A T> Officers’ Regulation Great Coats. Dark • t t - / » - I )■ Grey beaver cloth, 45s. to measure. Superior quality Men’s Great Coats, 32s. 6d.— Write for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

OR SALE, a quantity of Men’s Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, 9s. 6d. a pair.— Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse. OR SA L E.— Regulation Brown Leather Belts and Pouches; also Caps and Overcoats; samples on approval.— Follett, 4, Victoria-avenue, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

W atfr'ul

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“ FIRST A I D ” and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with a ll Queries. O cto b er,

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P r in te d an d P u b llso ed by M essrs. D a l i , K a v N O L ce & C o ., L t d ., 46, C annon S t.. L o o d o o , B .C ., to w hom a ll com m unications should be addressed.

FIRST AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

AM BULANCE E d it e d b y A R T H U R

No. 281. —

V o l.

-----

X X IV .

NOVEMBER,

1917.

GAZETTE.

DALE. {E n tered a t Sta tio n ers' H a t!.)

[2 /6 P e r

Annum ,

P ost

F ree

We consider it not only desirable but essential that

N O T IC E

READERS.

the youth of the country should be afforded the opportunity

F IR S T A ID is published on the 2 0 th of each m onth. A n n u a l Subscription is 2 5 . 6 d . post free ; single copies 2 d .

T he

assistance to their fellow beings in times of accident and

Its aim and object being the advancem ent of A m bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticle s and R eports on subjects pertaining to the M ovem ent and also welcomes suggestions for P ractica l Papers. A ll R eports, & c., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom panied (not necessarily for Publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisem ents and other business C om m unications connected with F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the P ublishers, DALE,

REYN O LDS 46 , C a n n o n

C O .,

L t d .,

Str eet, L

ondon

of receiving instruction which will enable them to render illness, and, further, we believe that this training should, if possible, be acquired at a time when the mind is open and receptive, as it is at the school age. Apart altogether from the direct advantage

which

must accrue to every possessor of ambulance knowledge— young or old— we hold the view that a higher appreciation of one’s duty to one’s fellows is inseparable from a course of ambulance training, and it is the infusion of this spirit of

, E .C . 4.

altruism which should do much to elevate the character of

Telegraphic Address: “ Twenty-four, London.” Telephone No. J V 77 Bank.

our future citizens— to encourage them to emulate the example of the Good Samaritan.

E D IT O R IA L .

As regards the suggestion for the instruction of scholars in ambulance work it has been said that the school curri

We have reason to believe that a pro-

culum is always overburdened with subjects, and any addi

A m b u la n c e

posal that some elementary instruction

tion thereto would only be to the expense of the general

in s t r u c t io n

in ambulance subjects should be given

education.

in schools has been engaging attention

fewer subjects and those more thoroughly taught would

fo r S c h o la r s ,

There are many who incline to the view that

recently.

better fit our boys and girls for the battle of life ; but be this

Whilst there is apparently, at the moment, no concensus of

as it may, we can conceive of few subjects— beyond per

opinion in favour of its general adoption, it is certainly a

haps the three R ’s— that are of greater importance than a

matter worthy of the careful consideration of those respon

training which will enable the men and women of to-mor

more than

one

quarter

sible for the education of the rising generation, and there

row to afford skilled and timely assistance to their brothers

is little doubt that the wider appreciation of the value of

and sisters when emergencies arise. Elementary physiology

ambulance knowledge which has been borne in upon the

is taught in our schools to-day, and if it is good (as we cer

minds of all sections of the community during the past

tainly believe it is) for our boys and girls to know something

three years of war will ensure the suggestion receiving the

of the structure and functions of the human body, it is

serious thought which it merits.

highly desirable that they should also acquire the know

Let us say at once that, whilst we appreciate that neither first aid or home nursing are not suitable subjects for children of quite tender years, we do favour the instruc

ledge which will enable them to minister to the needs of the body when disability occurs through accident or sickness. Whilst there may,

of course,be difficulties

in the

tion of the older scholars in at least the principles of both

general adoption of the proposal, these should not,

these important subjects, and if proof of the ability of the

think, be insurmountable.

youthful

gested that quite elementary instruction should be afforded,

mind

assimilate

ambulance

knowledge

It is, we understand, only sug

required, it will be found in the remarkable facility with

and if it is not considered practicable to include both first ,

which Boy Scouts and Girl Guides have acquired the train

aid and home nursing in the school curriculum forthwith,

ing which entitles them to wear the badges of their respec

we would suggest that, as a start, the boys should receive

tive organisations for proficiency in both, first aid

instruction in the former subject and the girls

nursing.

and

latter

3,1

-'isd.M-j:.!

rh i-i

in the

— F I R S T

3The Grand 3Viorg of the Grdtr of the }{ospttal of S t. John of Jerusalem in Sngland. AM BU LANCE

She St.

DEPARTM ENT.

John .Ambulance Brigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

N o. 1 D is tr ic t.

Deputy C ommissioner : W.

W IN N Y .

D E C E M B E R , 19 1 7. S u n d a y D u t y , St. P a u l’s C a t h e d r a l. S u n d a y , 2 n d .— N o . 4 D iv is io n , L e y to n a n d L e y to n sto n e . „ 9 th .— N o . 5 „ C h ild r e n ’s H o m e . „ 1 6 th .— N o . 7 „ T o y n b e e H a ll. „ 2 3 r d .- N o . 9 „ S t. J o h n ’s G a te , N o . 2 D iv . „ 30 th . — N o . 10 „ S t. M a r k ’s. F r o m 2 .3 0 p .m . to 1*3 p .m . K e y fro m St. J o h n ’s G a te , 2 p.m . DUTY

LO RD

M A Y O R ’S

DAY,

NO VEM BER

9TH,

1917M e m b e r s o f the D is t r ic t w ill n o d o u b t b e g ra tifie d to see th e f o llo w in g c o p y o f le tte r w h ic h h a s b e e n re c e iv e d fro m S ir W illia m N o t t B o w e r, C o m m is s io n e r o f the C it y o f L o n d o n P o lic e . N o v e m b e r 13th , 19 1 7. m y h e a r ty t h a n k s fo r th e e x c e lle n t h e lp a ffo rd e d to th e C it y P o lic e b y the m e m b e rs o f the St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e o n d u t y in th e C it y o n the 9th in st. “ T h e ir r e a d y a id w h e re n e c e s s a r y in r e lie v in g the P o lic e to c a r r y o u t t h e ir o th e r r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s w a s m o st v a lu a b le .” Y o u r s fa ith fu lly , ( S ig n e d ) W il l ia m N o t t B o w e r , C o m m is s io n e r. T o the D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r , S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e , St. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E . C . I. D

ear

. — " ‘ I b e g to te n d e r

ANNUAL

G EN ERAL

M E E T IN G .

T h e a n n u a l g e n e r a l m e e tin g o f th e m e m b e rs in c h a r g e of d iv is io n s , w ill b e h e ld a t St. J o h n ’s G a te o n S a tu r d a y , N o v e m ber 2 4th , at 3 o’c lo c k in th e a fte rn o o n , w h e n a sta te m e n t o f ic c o u n ts w ill be p re se n te d . I f a n y m e m b e r w is h e s to b r in g b u s in e s s fo rw a rd , h e o r h e s h o u ld s e n d a c o p y o f th e re s o lu tio n in w rit in g , w ith the la m e o f a s e c o n d e r w h o se c o n s e n t h a s b e e n o b ta in e d p re 'io u s ly . T h i s m u st re a c h H e a d q u a r t e r s n ot la t e r th a n S a tu rd a y , N o v e m b e r 1 7th , o th e rw is e it w ill n ot be c o n s id e re d . A IR

R A ID

SHELTERS.

T h e P r in c e o f W a le s ’s C o r p s is b e in g a s k e d to u n d e rta k e m p o rta n t F ir s t A id d u t y at v a r io u s a ir r a id s h e lte rs , tube ta tio n s , C o u n t y C o u n c il S c h o o ls , h o s p ita ls , etc., in th e e ve n t -f a ir r a id w a r n in g b e in g g iv e n . A c o n s id e ra b le a m o u n t o f w o rk is a lr e a d y b e in g d o n e , b u t i t a re b e in g p re s s e d to d o m o re. O ffic e rs a n d M e m b e rs in Ih a r g e w h o h a v e m e m b e rs w h o d o n o t at p r e s e n t a tte n d at ’d i c e S t a t io n s , a re re q u e s te d to a d v is e th e D e p u t y C o m f is s io n e r a s e a r ly a s p o s s ib le , h o w m a n y a re a v a ila b le fo r the rg e n t w o r k w e a re n o w b e in g a s k e d to do. A r r a n g e m e n t s a re a ls o b e in g m a d e fo r m e m b e rs to co p e ra te w ith the L o n d o n A m b u la n c e S e r v ic e o f th e L o n d o n o u n ty C o u n c il at t h e ir S ta tio n s . (S ig n e d )

W . H . W IN N Y , D ep u ty -C om m ission er. H e a d q u a r t e r s :— St. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E . C .

N o v e m b e r, 1 9 1 7 .

A ID . —

S u rg e o n , D r . C o r b e t F le t c h e r , b e in g in th e c h a ir . S e rg t. W . W a r r e n , h o n . t re a s u re r, p re s e n te d h is b a la n c e -s h e e t, w h ic h d e m o n s tra te d the s a t is fa c t o ry c o n d it io n o f the D iv is io n a l fu n d s. S e rg t. B . N o rw o o d , h o n . s e c re t a ry , re p o rte d th a t th e m e m b e r s h ip h a d in c r e a s e d d r r in g th e y e a r fro m 82 to 99, of w h o m 50 w e re o n a c tiv e s e rv ic e , a n d th a t a g o o d a v e ra g e a tte n d a n c e h a d b e e n o b ta in e d a t th e 48 d r ills a n d 3 7 p u b lic d u tie s h e ld . T h e H o n . S u rg e o n , a fte r e x p la in in g th e o b je c ts fo r w h ic h th e B r i g a d e w a s e s ta b lis h e d , re v ie w e d th e w o rk d o n e d u r in g the y e a r a n d c o n g ra tu la te d th e m e m b e rs o n th e h ig h s ta n d a r d o f e ffic ie n c y a tta in e d . H e u rg e d a ll m e m b e rs to a v a il th e m se lv e s o f th e n e w B r ig a d e O r d e r a n d to r e .q u a lify y e a r b y y e a r in th e v o lu n t a ry s u b je c ts o f N u r s in g a s w e ll a s the c o m p u ls o ry o ne o f F ir s t A id , a n d f in a lly g a v e b r ie f d e ta ils o f th e p ro g ra m m e o f tu itio n p la n n e d fo r the c o m in g y e a r.

N o. 5 D is tr ic t. H e e l e y .- -T h e first a n n u a l m e e tin g o f the H e e le y D iv is io n o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e w a s h e ld at th e h e a d q u a r t e rs o n N o v e m b e r 3 rd , D r . H u d s o n p r e s id in g . T h e m e m b e rs w ere e n t e rta in e d to tea p r io r to the m e e tin g b y the n e w ly a p p o in te d D iv is io n a l S u p e rin te n d e n t J. H . G a r lic k , to w h o m a p re s e n ta tio n o f a w ris t-w a tc h w a s m a d e in r e c o g n it io n o f h is p ro m o tio n . T h e D iv is io n a l S e c re ta r y J . N . B a in b r id g e , re p o rte d the y e a r h a d b e e n h ig h ly s u c c e s s fu l, d u e to the h a rd a n d e n t h u s i a s t ic w o rk o f a ll c o n c e rn e d a n d th e r e a l fe e lin g o f c o m ra d e s h ip w h ic h e x iste d . T h e to ta l m e m b e rs h ip on S e p te m b e r 30 th la st w a s fo rty -fo u r, se v e n h a v in g e n te re d H i s M a je s t y ’s F o r c e s a fte r j o in in g the d iv is io n . T h e a tte n d a n c e a t th e w e e k ly p a ra d e s h a d re c e n t ly in c re a s e d a n d n o w w e re a ll that c o u ld be d e s ire d , a n d u n d e r the c a r e fu l t ra in in g o f th e D iv is io n S u rg e o n a n d S u p e rin te n d e n t th e m e m b e rs w ere r e a c h in g a n h ig h sta te o f e ffic ie n c y . A s re g a r d s th e fu tu re th e p ro s p e c ts w e re e x c e l le n t, a n d d u r in g th e n e x t few m o n th s a n a d d it io n o f fifte en m e m b e rs f u lly q u a lifie d w a s c o n fid e n t ly e x p e c te d fro m the r e c r u it s n o w in t ra in in g . T h e a c t in g t re a s u re r, P r iv a t e W . D o d d , g a v e th e fin a n c ia l sta te m e n t s h o w in g an in c o m e o f ££>2 1 is . 9d., h a lf o f w h ic h h a d b e e n ra is e d b y c o n c e rts a n d s o c ia l e v e n in g s at the H e a d q u a rte r s . T h e e x p e n d itu re w as PJso is . 9d., le a v in g a b a la n c e in h a n d o f £ 2 10s.

N ottingham.— A t the m o n th ly m e e tin g o f the c o rp s it w a s re p o rte d th a t th e n o m in a l r o ll o f m e m b e rs h ip n o w to ta lle d 1,007. A h e a rty w e lco m e w a s g iv e n to th e o ffic e rs o f the n e w ly -fo rm e d P o r t la n d D iv is io n (w h ic h lie s in a n im p o rta n t c o a lfie ld ) a n d a ls o to M r . H . V . H a n c o c k , w h o h a s been a p p o in te d S u p e rin te n d e n t o f th e B e e s to n D iv is io n on the t ra n s fe re n c e o f S u p t. L a n e s to B irm in g h a m . T h e o c c u r re n c e s re p o rte d to H e a d q u a r t e r s d u r in g the m o n th a m o u n t to 53, a ll o f w h ic h h a v e b e e n s a t is fa c t o rily d e a lt w ith , o ften w ith th e c o m m e n d a tio n o f th e d o c to rs s u b s e q u e n tly c a lle d u p o n . T o h o s p ita l d u tie s , t ra n s p o rt w o rk , etc., 2,954 h o u rs h a v e b e e n g iv e n . T h e m o to r a m b u la n c e a n d s id e c a rs c o n tin u e to g iv e e x c e lle n t s e rv ic e , a n d on tw o o c c a s io n s these w ere c a lle d o u t th re e tim e s in o n e d a y . S e v e r a l c a s e s o f r e p a ir s to a r t ific ia l lim b s h a v e b e e n a ffecte d , w h ic h w o rk is g r e a t ly a p p re c ia te d b y th e w o u n d e d s o id ie r s w h o a p p e a l to the co rp s F o u r e x a m in a tio n s h a v e b e e n h e ld w ith s a t is fa c t o ry re s u lts , o n ly 5 p e r ce n t, b e in g fa ilu r e s . N o. 6 D is tr ic t.

St . Peter ’s W orks .— A c o n c e rt to o k p la c e at the H ip p o d ro m e , N e w c a s t le - u p o n -T y n e , o n 7th O c to b e r, 19 17, in a id o f th e S .J .A .B . H o s p it a l, F r a n c e , a n d w a s p ro n o u n c e d a s u c c e s s .— the th e a tre w a s k in d ly le n t fo r th e o c c a s io n b y th e p ro p rie t o rs . T h e a m o u n t h a n d e d o v e r to th e H o s p it a l F u n d w a s ,£ 12 2 3s. id ., b r in g in g the to ta l a m o u n t fo rw a rd to th e h o s p it a l b y the St. P e te r’s W o r k s D iv is io n to £ 3 3 9 9s. id . IM P O R T A N T

O c to b e r 9 th the ■en ty -se co n d a n n u a l g e n e r a l m e e tin g w a s h e ld at C h r is t u r c h S c h o o l a n d w a s a tte n d e d b y t h ir t y m e m b e rs , the H o n H

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D iv is io n a l S e c re ta rie s a re re q u e s te d w h e n s e n d in g n e w s p a p e r c u tt in g o f t h e ir m e e tin g s, etc., to g iv e th e d a te o f p u b li c a tio n o f th e n e w s p a p e rs .— E d i t o r .

N ovem ber, 19 1 7 .

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G eneral L etter of th e Joint V.A.D. C om m ittee to County Directors. I

you the following for your information: — The Central Joint V .A D. Committee wish to point out that they and not Devonshire House and the Commandant-in Chief, Women’s V .A Ds. are responsible for the welfare of all V .A D. members. Members who wish to make any complaint should communicate with their Com mandant, and failing satisfaction, with their County Director, with final appeal to the Central Joint V . A D. Committee. There are now four ladies on this committee, and any complaint will be considered by them. Complaints should be addressed to the Secretary, Central Joint V.A.D. Committee, Room 31, 83, Pall Mall. It is hoped that this arrangement will allay any anxiety that may exist in the mind of the public regarding the welfare of our V.A.D. members. I have been asked by the War Office to send them the following information as soon as possible :— (a) The number of Mobilised Women’s Voluntary Aid Detachments. (/>) The number of individual members of Women’s Voluntary Aid Detachments, who have been posted for hospital duties everywhere. Can you possiby let me have this information to trans mit to the War Office. The War Office is anxious that we should, as far as possible, post for service abroad, chiefly those General Service members who have already had experience at mili tary hospitals at home. Would it- be possible for you to get in touch with the C.Os. of the military hospitals in your county, and ask them to recommend, say, 10 per cent, of the General Service members to be called up as and when required. I have been asked by the Committee of the British Red Cross Society’s Hospital at Netley, to inform you that the hospital is anxious to obtain orderlies, boys between 17 and 18, or well-recommended men unfit for military ser vice. Salary to be 28s. per week with rations, lodging and uniform, on a six-monthly contract. Application should be made to the Registrar, British Red Cross Society’s Hospital, Nctley. I should be glad to know whether you experience difficulty in obtaining sufficient cooks for work in your hospitals, and whether you could obtain more recruits for our Military Service. Are there any facilities for training cooks in your county, if not, do you think applicants would cffer them selves for service if they were offered training under the Joint Committee ? County Directors are asked to point out to their mem bers that they must not accept service with the Allied Units on their own authority. In view of the gre.it short age of members for our own British Units, both at home and abroad, members can only be allowed to work with Allied Units in very exceptional circumstances. In such send

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special cases application must be made to the Commanderin-Chief, Women’s V .A .D .’s, and must be forwarded with the approval of the Commandant and the County Director. Please urge upon our members that they must not desert their Detachments in order to work under the W.A.A.C. Voluntary Aid Detachments were formed in order to work for the sick and wounded, and we shall need all our members for this work. Mr. Wraith has been obliged to resign his position as County Director for Surrey owing to ill-health, and Colonel Young has been appointed in his place. We are very sorry to have to announce the death of Colonel Sir Edward Cotton Jodrell, County Director for Cheshire. Sir Edward was a very keen worker and will be greatly missed. The Chief Commissioner of Police in the Metropolis has undertaken to supply steel helmets for the use of V.A.D. members acting during air-raids under the police. County Directors are advised to ask the Chief Constables of their Counties to make similar arrangements. Yours faithfully,

C hilston, Chief County Director.

Our W ork for th e S ick an d W ounded. (A

Series of A rticles will A ppear under this H eading based on the last R eport of the Joint W ar C ommittee ).

T h e creation of a service for East Af ica has been one of the activities of the year 1916. Grants amounting to ,£33,000 have been made to the Commissioner. The stores consignments include every means of combating the dangers of the tropics. Several motor ambulances, the bodies specially designed to meet the exigences of the climate, have been despatched, and the unit is doing most useful work. Motor launches have also been sent out, and a Red Cross base has been established at Dar-es-Salaam, whither further large consignments of hospital necessities were sent last May. T he Societies sent large supplies of medical stores and well-equipped hospital units to Serbia to help in ridding the country of the terrible typhus epidemic which followed the second Austrian invasion. The efforts of the Red Cross workers won unbounded admiration and gratitude; they remained steadfast to duty during the horrors of the invasion and the painful retreat through the mountains. The Red Cross units working with the Italian Army— which now number five— were for a long time the only representatives actually taking part in the Italian cam paign on land. No 1 Unit left England in August, 1915, with a convoy of 20 ambulances, was accorded an advance post of honour, and did excellent work throughout the

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winter in carrying the wounded over the difficult mountain roads. Two other carrying units, No. 2, with six motor ambulances, and No. 3, with 25, followed rapidly and shared in the undertaking. The work in the mountains is very difficult, and at times most of our ambulances have been under fire, but drivers and orderlies have invariably carried out their duties in such a way as to win from the Italian medical and mili tary authorities the warmest praise. Unit No. 4 is a radiographic unit, staffed by women, and at times it has been at work night and day. The two highly skilled and capable ladies who conduct its opera tions have recently been awarded the Italian bronze medal for valour. They have now dealt with over 5,000 casts Unit No. 5 is also a radiographic unit. Besides these units three hospitals have been equipped at the front— one of 320 beds, another of 150 beds, to be increased to 340 to complete the hospital, and one of 200 beds for the British contingents. There are four stores depdts in Italy, from which supplies are sent to Italian hos pitals throughout the war zone. As a Christmas gift to the Queen of Italy, the Joint Committee decided to send out 10,000 worth of hospital stores and comforts. Her Majesty expressed her high ap preciation of the gift, and sent her Court Chamberlain specially to London to arrange what stores would be most acceptable, suggesting that they should be those most beneficial to the mutilated, and for orthopaedic treatment. As this gift was specially allocated for limbless men, it was decided also to send a further ^ r 0,000 worth of stores for the benefit of the Italian wounded generally, and other large grants have been made. Money grants, gifts of dressings, medicines and other requisites, worth £ 20,000 have been sent to Petrogradand elsewhere in Russia. The Societies have combined with the Anglo-Russian Hospital and the Royal Automobile Club to supply a hospital and ambulances to the Russian Army. Ten motor ambulances and two motor kitchens were sent as a gift to the Caucasian Red Cross which served the forces of the Grand Duke Nicholas, who cabled to the Joint Committee expressing his own thanks, and those of the Caucasian Red Cross, for the gift. At the time when Rumania came into the war a hospital unit in charge of Dr. Clemow was on its way to assist the wounded of the Serbian Divisions with the Russian Army. It was diverted to the Dobrudja, where the Serbs were fighting, but, on arrival, finding that the needs of tha Serbians were supplied, Dr. Clemow estab lished his hospital headquarters at Galatz, where he was at once able to render very valuable services to the Rumanians. A gift of ^10,000 worth of hospital stores and medical and other comforts was also despatched at once to Rumania, and subsequently a fully-equipped medical, surgical and radiographic unit— another gift from the miners of Great Britain— was organised by the Joint Com mittee and despatched via Russia. The personnel of the unit totals 26 doctors, surgeons, nurses, orderlies, drivers, e t c , and on arrival it was established at Jassy, whither the Rumanian seat of Government had been removed, and is still doing good work in the country. This unit was followed by £ 1 8,000 worth of additional stores, and further grants, making up a total of ^70,000, Chloroform, X-ray outfits, tooth brushes, soap, shirts, blankets, fresh eggs and milk, kitchen equipment, fodder, boilers, ice machines, mosquito netting— these are a very few of the things demanded from the Stores Department,

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andsent away to all the theatres of war. In addition, the Order of St. John has sent out from its warehouse in St. Jobn’s-square, Clerkenwell, considerably over 3,000,000 garments and other gilts for the wounded, most of which came from the public at home and abroad for distribution. The Headquarters Central Work Rooms of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John, at the Royal Academy, Burlington House, Piccadilly, have four main divisions in their organising work :— (1) The Central Work Room Members, working in the Headquarters Rooms ; (2) Depdts and Working Parties; (3) Home Workers; (4) Patterns. The provision of hospitals and homes in this country affords a striking instance of the value of co-operation be tween the Army Medical Service and the Voluntary organi sations. Among these may be mentioned King George’s Hospital, with nine acres of floor space and 1,850 beds, the equipment of which cost ^39,000. There are six operating theatres, a Bacteriological department, X-ray in stallation, department for ophthalmic, nose, throat and ear diseases, for massage, electro, therapeutics, hot-air baths, special injuries to the jaws, and dentistry. The British Red Cross Hospital, Netley, which ori ginally provided accommodation for 500 patients, has now been increased to 1,000 beds. Night orderlies have been dispensed with, and practically the whole of the night duties are performed by members of the Women’s V.A.Ds., under the supervision of trained nurses. A striking feature of this hospital is the recreations it provides, including car pentry, toy making, embroidery work and the like. Princess Christian’s Red Cross Military Hospital at Englefield Green accommodates 120 patients. It occupies a beautiful position on the outskirts of Windsor Great Park. Six pavilions, each containing 20 beds are placed in a semi circle facing south, and are so arranged that the pahents can be wheeled out in fine weather to benefit by the fresh air and the sunshine. The number of Auxiliary Hospitals organised under the Joint Societies has now reached 1,448, with 81,540 beds. These hospitals are supported by a local fund the War Office grants, and grants in aid of the funds of the Joint Societies. The annual examination of the accounts of nearly 1,000 of these hospitals has recently been com pleted, it shows that in a total of 960 the average cost of each patient per day in 1916 has been 3s. 6 36d., as against a daily average cost per head in the preceding year of 3s. 3d. Hospitals and Convalescent Homes have been opened in London, Bath, Brighton, Bournemouth, and other health resorts where the necessary medical attention, nurs ing and massage is provided for officers recovering from wounds or illness. Fifteen such hospitals are at present being financed partly by the Joint War Committee and partly by the War Office,a nd many are due to the genero sity of private individuals. Soldiers who have recovered from their wounds or illness sufficiently to leave the hospital are sent to the Com mand Depdts and Convalescent Camps to gain strength before returning to duty. This is also a department in which the work of the Red Cross has grown enormously in so far as the Societies help to provide occupation and diversion for these convalescents. Among special hospitals are :— The Star and Garter Home for Paralysed Soldiers. This building bought through the instrumentality of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents’ Institute as a gift to H.M. the Queen was handed by her to the British Red Cross Society, which has undertaken to maintain it. The funds for the new building and equipment are being defrayed by

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the Women of the Empire. The 64 beds provided are all occupied, and there is already a long waiting list. Eighteen men have left, of whom five who had been carried in on stretchers were so greatly improved by the treatment as to be able to walk, while one was married the very day he left. Roehampton House for maimed men provides arti ficial limbs for soldiers and sailors disabled in the war. Left to themselves such men easily get discouraged and take a hopeless view of the future, but it is amazing to see how, with a well-fitting modern appliance, a man can learn to walk. While at Roehampton these men are taught use ful trades in the workshops provided. Already 1,500 have secured good situations through its medium, and over 2,oco have been passed on to local Committees for emplo)ment. The accommodation provided is for 550 patients. An out-patient Clinic at 126, Great Portland-street was taken over by the Red Cross in October, 1916, and en larged. Here baths of various kinds are given, combined with electrical and mechanical treatment and massage. About 100 patients get treated daily. Discharged officers can also be recommended to the Clinic. Another valuable work of reconstruction is that carried on by the Red Cross at 74, Brook-street, W. This hospital,

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Joint Societies have well merited the confidence which has been placed in them, and which is emphasised by the fact the response to the public appeal for funds has now reached ^8,000,000.

H.R.H. The Duke of C onnaught a t N ew ton Abbot. O n October 30th H R.H. Tne Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, visited Newton Abbot. On his arrival H .R H. was received by Colonel Sir Herbert Perrott, Bt., C.B., by whom he was introduced to Deputy Commissioner R. H. Grimbly. H .R H. inspected the Guard of Honour furnished by the Newton Abbot Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and expressed his appreciation of the work they were doing. The nucleus of this corps was formed some 20 years ago by Deputy Commissioner Grimbly with the assistance of Corps Supt. Jewell. With the Divisions in Teignmouth, Dawlish and the surrounding villages it now has 280 members. Subsequently, H .R .H . visited the Newton Abbot V.A.D. Hospital of 100 beds. He was received by Deputy

H.R.H The Duke of Connaught and Hospital S t a f f a t Newton Abbot. which contains 35 beds, is for injuries to the jaw and face. An annexe of 36 beds has now been opened at 34, Norfolk street, Park-lane. Special grants, amounting to over ^26,000, have been made to hospitals carrying out Orthopaedic treatment in various parts of the country. Special provision is also being made for Epileptics and also for the care of Neurasthenics and war shaken men. A large number of members of both Societies are en gaged in the transport of the wounded. The Societies further arrange for river trips for the wounded, books for sick soldiers, they have established a department for missing and wounded at 18, Carlton House Terrace, with branches in France, Egypt, Malta, Salonika, Bazra, Bombay and East Africa. They have undertaken, at the request of the Government, the co.ordination of the numerous organisations working in the interests of Prisoners of War, and have formed the Central Prisoners of War Committee, which since December last has been the con trolling authority for the despatch of parcels. The Joint Societies have organised 3,150 Voluntary Aid Detachments, providing a personnel of 97,000. The services which these members have rendered is too wellknown to require any eulogy in an article such as this. From the foregoing description it will be seen that the

Commissioner Grimbly, who is in charge of the hospital, and Major Davis, the County Director. Lady Perrott, who was in uniform, introduced the matron, Miss E. N. Cross. H .R .H . passed through all the wards and had a cheery word for everyone. After the inspection the Duke was photographed with the hospital staff, and subsequently returned to Paddington in the afternoon. Before going to Newton Abbot H .R .H . visited the Ambulance Station at Plymouth, which has been doing such splendid work during the war, of which Mr. Hedley V. Miller is the superintendent.

A considerable number of Special Constables of Man chester have now been trained in First Aid, and of late there have been several instances wh re practical appli cation of the knowledge gained has resulted in the saving of life. Mr. C. Hanmer has just compl ted a most successful tour in Ireland. He has given over forty lectures in various towns, and has received a good reception every where. Ambulance Divisi ms requiring a novel feature to stimulate an interest in their work should get in touch with Mr. Hanmer.

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7 he follow in g notes are kindly supplied and edited by V .A .D . Headquarters Department oj the jo in t V .A .D . Committee and w i ll appear monthly under the above heading. — E d i t o r .

Her Majesty the Queen recently paid a visit of inspec tion to the Central Prisoners of War Committee at Thurloeplace, and subsequently graciously commanded her Secre tary to express to the Members of the Committee her satisfaction with the work being carried on there. Tbe following has been forwarded to the Commandant-in-Chief, with this covering letter from Mr. Agnew, Director of the Central Prisoners of War Committee :—

D ear D ame Katharine , T h e C e n t r a l C o m m itte e t h in k th a t y o u w o u ld be g la d to see th e e n c lo s e d c o p y o f a le tte r fro m the Q u e e n ’s P r iv a t e S e c re ta ry , w ritte n a fte r H e r M a je s t y ’s v is it o n the 2 4th O c to b e r. T h e Q u e e n s p e n t n e a r ly o n e h o u r a n d a h a lf in s p e c t in g the w h o le o f the w o rk at 2-4, T h u r lo e - p la c e , a n d e s p e c ia lly n o te d th e w o rk o f th e V o lu n t a r y A id D e t a c h m e n t m e m b e rs w h o h a v e d o n e so m u c h in d iffic u lt tim e s to k e e p th e w o rk g o in g e ffic ie n tly . Y o u r s s in c e re ly , (S ig n e d ) T . D . A gnew, M a n a g in g D ir e c t o r.

[Copy]

B u c k in g h a m P a la c e , O c to b e r 2 5 th , 1917.

D ear M r . A gnew, T h e Q u e e n c o m m a n d s m e to s a y h o w g r e a t ly in te re ste d sh e w a s in e v e ry t h in g sh e s a w o n th e o c c a s io n o f h e r v is it to th e C e n t ra l P r is o n e r s o f W a r C o m m itte e y e s t e r d a y a fte rn o o n . H e r M a je s t y w a s e s p e c ia lly p le a s e d to see so la rg e a n u m b e r o f V o lu n t a r y A id D e t a c h m e n t w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in t h is u s e fu l O r g a n is a t io n . T h e Q u e e n w ill be g la d if y o u w ill c o n v e y to the M e m b e r s o f th e C e n t ra l W a r C o m m itte e , as w e ll a s to the H e lp C o m m itte e s , a n e x p re s s io n o f h e r a p p re c ia t io n o f the s p le n d id e ffo rts w h ic h th e y a re m a k in g o n b e h a lf o f o u r P r is o n e r s o f W a r . I a m , y o u rs v e r y tru ly ,

(Signed)

E dward Wallington , P r iv a t e S e c r e t a r y to H . M . T h e Q u e e n .

From “ Two V .A . D .’s of five years’ standing ” comes the following plea anent the burden laid on their modesty by the multiplication of War Service Bars as a result of prolonged service :— “ T o those of us to whom a third War Service Bar will shortly become due, such a decoration is viewed with some apprehension. Must we indeed be the wearers of yet another stripe, and so become “ the observed of all ob servers’ ? We suggest that perhaps a sm all embroidered crown might be granted to those who have completed three years’ service, this to be worn in place of the two stripes already awarded. Surely this would be ltss noticeable and save those of us who are of a shy and retiring disposi tion from the vulgar urchin’s shout of 1 Ullo ! there, Sargint! ’ ” * * * We deeply regret to have to record the death of two V.A.D. members killed in an air-raid in France. Miss Daisy H. M. Coles, Edinburgh 4, B R.C.S., and daughter of Mr. Walter G. Coles, Chief Surveyor to the Board of Agriculture for Scotland, worked at the 2nd Scot tish General Hospital from October 28th, 1 9 1 5 , to June 14th, 1917, when she was transferred to France.

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Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Kirkcudbright 16, B.R.C.S., was appointed to the ist Scottish Geneial Hospital on March t 6th, 1916, and transferred to France on June 14th, 1917.

* * *

We have also received notices of the deaths of two other members who had done excellent service ;— Miss Millicent Olive de Satge de Thoren, London 22, B.R.C.S , was appointed to the Connaught Hospital, Aidershot, September ist, 1916, and to the 2nd Birmingham War Hospital, Northfield, December 2nd, 1916. She left in June, 1917, and died October 16th of septic poisoning, after twelve weeks’ illness. Miss Mary Tindall, Decon 28, B.R.C.S., acted as Quartermaster of her Detachment from 1910 to 1914, ar.d nursed at No. 2 Hospital, Exeter from October 1914, to July, 1917, thus completing the splendid record of seven yeais’ service in the Detachment.

700 members have been posted during the five weeks from 26th Sept.-30th Oct., allocated as follows —

Ax H ome— In In In In

M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s N aval „ „ O v e rs e a s „ „ A u x ilia r y „ „

.......................

...

339 13 7 119

I n M ilit a r y „ „ ... ... N o t in W a r d s ... ... ... ... ... ... U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e , N u r s in g ................................ „ ,, „ N o n - N u r s i n g ................................. G e n e r a l S e rv ic e M e m b e rs in M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s ,, ,, „ N aval „ „ „ „ „ O v e rs e a s „ „ „ A u x ilia r y „ „

o o 26 43 73 6 12 62

...

:..

...

A broad —

T o ta l

700

Tne total number of members now at work is 1 0 ,0 3 6 , allocated as follows:— A t Home— I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a l W a r d s

5.429

General Service

In N a v a l In „ I n O v e rs e a s

„ ,, „

General Service

» _

General Service

In A u x ilia r y H o s p it a ls

632 43

14 115 '5 7 726

A broad— I n M ilit a r y H o s p it a ls U n d e r J o in t C o m m itte e

...

2,2 75 645

10,036 550 new applications for Nursing and General Service have been received during the past five weeks. The chief features of this crease in the numbers of both vice Members posted to Naval to the list of a fresh catagory Hospitals. Both indicate an into fresh fields.

month's postings are the in Nursing and General Ser Hospitals, and the addition : those posted to Overseas extension of V.A.D. work

A further proof of the ever-increasing demand for V.A.D. members for all classes of service appears in the postings to non-nursing work under the Joint Committee abroad, which are at the rate of almost nine a week as against seven during September. The total number of Special Service members at work is now over 10,000.

N o v e m b e r, 1 91 7

— F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

Recognition of N urses Services. T h e fo llo w in g is a lis t o f N u r s e s w o r k in g in St. J o h n H o s p it a ls w h o h a v e be en m e n tio n e d in d e s p a tc h e s , p u b lis h e d in the T im es, O c to b e r 20th to 2 3 rd , 19 17 A d d e n b r o o k , M is s M ., A lle rt o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S u tto n C o 'd fie ld , W o r c e s t e r A it c h e s o n , M is s K . B ., 2 5th D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, A s h b o u rn e , S u n d e r la n d A n n e a r , M is s R ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, H a m p t o n , M id d le s e x A p p le to n , M is s M ., 2 3 rd D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, E a g le s cliffe , D u r h a m A r d , M is s R ., R u s t H a ll A u x . H o s p it a l, T u n b r id g e W e lls , K e n t A r r o w s m it h , M rs . E . E . , 2 n d D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S o u th S h ie ld s A rth u r, M rs. E . do . do. A s k e w , M is s E ., R o y a l N a v a l H o s p it a l, H u ll A t k in s , M is s G ., A lle r t o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S u tto n C o ld fie ld , B irm in g h a m A t k in s o n , M is s J . C ., 14th N o rt h u m b e r la n d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, W y la m - o n - T y n e A u d la n d , M is s M . L ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, W e llin g b o r o ’, N o r t h a m p to n A y r e , M is s M , R o y a l N a v a l H o s p it a l, H u ll. B a c o n , M is s I. , S p a ld in g H a ll A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, H e n d o n B a k e r , M is s M ., O a k w o o d A u x . H o s p it a l, R o th e rh a m , Y o r k s . B a te m a n , M is s F ., M o n k s t o w n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D u b lin B a te s, M is s F . M ., Is le w o r t h A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M id d le s e x B e g b ie , M is s F ., St. J o h n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, H a s t in g s B e ll, M r s . L . A ., H a m p t o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M id d le s e x B e n n e tt, M rs . L . A ., 4th D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Je ffre y M e m o r ia l H a ll, S u n d e r la n d B e n th a m , M is s S., T im b e r h u r s t A u x . H o s p it a l, B u ry , L a n c s . B ig g e , M is s M ., S tro o d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, C h a th a m B illin g t o n , M is s B ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D a v e n t r y , N o rt h a m p t o n B is h o p , M rs . P. H ., O a k d e n e A u x . H o s p it a l, R a in h ill, L a n c s . B o d d y , M is s E ., C o u n t e s s o f D u n d o n a ld ’s H o s p it a l, E a t o n S q ., London B o o th , M r s . I. M ., 14th N o r t h u m b e r la n d H o s p it a l, A s h in g t o n B o y d , M is s D ., A lle r t o n A u x . H o s p it a l, S u tto n C o ld fie ld . B r a d le y , M is s N ., R o y a l N a v a l H o s p it a l, H u ll B r o a d le y , M is s E . F . L ., G iffo r d H o u s e A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, R o e h a m p to n B ro th e rto n , M is s E ., 16th N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, A s h in g to n B u r n le y , M is s S., I l k le v A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Y o r k s . C a m p b e ll, M is s M . E ., U . V F . H o s p it a l, B e lfa s t C a r r - E U is o n , M is s A ., 17th N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l,

Whittingham

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

D o d d s , M r s . N ., S o m e rfo rd P a r k A u x . H o s p it a l, C o n g le t o n , C h e s h ir e D u g g le b y , M is s E ., N u n t h o rp e H a l l A u x . H o s p it a l, 1 o r k F iU g ib b o n , M is s G ., G iff o rd H o u s e A u g . H o s ., R o e h a m p t o n F o r e m a n , M is s M ., P r in c e s s C h r is t ia n ’s H o s p it a l, N o r w o o d F o s te r, M is s A ., B e a u lie u A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l. H a r r o g a t e G a d d , M r s . H ., Y a c h t C lu b A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l. G r a v e s e n d G a llo w a y , M is s G ., 16th A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N o r t h u m b e r la n d G a r r a r d , M r s . M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D a v e n t r y , N o r t h a m p t o n G a s k e ll, M r s . M ., W o o lt o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L iv e r p o o l G e o rg e , M r s . J . A ., 18th D u r h a m A u x . H o s . H e b b u r n - o n - T y n e G ib b s , M rs . E ., 2 5 th D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, A s h b o u r n e G ib s o n , M r s . J ., K ir k b y L o n s d a le C o n v a le s c e n t H o m e G o s d e n , M is s M . M a lv e r n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M a lv e r n , W o r c s G ra n a g e , M r s . L ., 4 th N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x i li a r y H o s p it a l, C o r b r id g e - o n - T y n e G ra n t , M rs . A ., 17th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p it a l, E t h e r le y , D u r h a m G ro u n d s , M is s N ., St. J o h n H o s p it a l, C h e lt e n h a m H a g g a r , M is s L ., B r o a d w a t e r A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Ip s w ic h H a ll, M is s F ., E r d in g t o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, B ir m in g h a m H a m ilt o n - R u s s e ll, T h e H o n . M r s . O . M ., N o . 7 D u r h a m A u x . H o s p it a l, B ra n c e p e t h . H a n c o c k s , M rs . A ., 6 th D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p ., D a r lin g t o n H a r d in g , M r s . E . M ., A u x . H o s p ., St. M a r y ’s -ro a d , W ille s d e n H e a t le y , M is s F ., S t. J o h n 's A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L o n d o n - r o a d , S h re w sb u ry H e b e r - P e r c y , M rs . G ., H o d n e t H a ll, H o d n e t, S a lo p . H e n d e rs o n , M is s A . C ., K n ig h t o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, E r i n g ton , L e ic e s te r. H e r d m a n , M is s S. O ., A m e r ic a n H o s p ., H a m p s t e a d -Ia n e , N . W . H o a r e , M is s M ., do . do. H o d g e s , M r s . L . M ., P e r c y H o u s e , A u x . H o s p ., Is le w o r t h H o d g s o n , M is s E . S., L o rd s w o o d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, H a r b o r n e , B irm in g h a m H o d s o n , M is s M ., W o o lt o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l H o g g M is s J . E . S ., T h e G ra n g e , H a le s o w e n H o g g e tt, M is s N . D ., 7 th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., B r a n c e p e t h C a s tle H o lb e c h e , M is s K . M ., M a lv e r n A u x . H o s p it a l, W o r c s . H o lly , M is s E . M ., P r in c e o f W a le s ’ H o s p it a l, S t a in e s H o lm e s , M is s E . M ., M a lv e r n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, W o r c e s t e r H o w a r d - S m it h , M rs . G ., H ig h b u r y A u x . H o s p ., B ir m in g h a m H u d s o n , M is s E . , N o . 6 A u x . H o s p ., M o rp e th , N o r t h la n d H u g h - S m it h , M is s M ., H a r b o r n e A u x . H o s p ., B ir m in g h a m H u t c h in s o n , M is s H . D ., A u x ilia r y H o s p ., N e w c a s t le - o n - T y n e Is a a c , M is s A ., St. J o h n H o s p it a l, C h e lt e n h a m J a m e s , M is s H ., F o u n d e r s C o lle g e H o s p ., A c k w o r t h , Y o r k s . J e n n in g s , M rs . J ., A b in g t o n A v e n u e A u x . H o s p it a l, N o t t in g h a m Jo h n s , M is s A . D ., H o r n s e a A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Y o r k s .

C o c h r a n e , M is s L . B ., A u x . H o s ., S a lt w e ll T o w e r s , G a te s h e a d C o le g ra v e , M r s . V ., P r in c e s s C h r is t ia n ’s H o s p it a l, N o rw o o d C o lla r d , M is s M ., M y r t le A u x . H o s p it a l, M y r t le -s t ., L iv e r p o o l C o n n e ll, M r s . J ., do. do. C o u lc h e r , M is s M ., B ro a d w a t e r A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Ip s w ic h C r a ig , M rs . G ., H illin g d o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M id d le s e x C ra w fo r d , M is s G ., S ta p le to n P a r k A u x . H o s p it a l, Y o r k s . C ra w le y , M r s . C ., N o . 7, D u r h a m H o s p it a l, B ra n c h p e t h C a s tle , D u rh a m C ro o k , M is s J . M ., R o s e n e a th A u x ila r y H o s p it a l, W in c h m o r e H i ll , M id d le s e x C ro s s la n d , M is s M ., L o th e rt o n H a ll A u x . H o s p it a l, A b b e rfo rd , Y o rk s. C ro x fo r d , M is s J ., C o u n te s s o f D u n d o n a ld ’s H o s p it a l, E a t o n s q u a re , L o n d o n C u r le y , M is s M . E ., 14th N o r t h u m b e r la n d H o s p it a l, W y la m o n -T y n e

K e a r n e y , M is s M ., D o llis H i l l H o s p it a l, M id d le s e x K e a te s , M is s C ., A m e r ic a n H o s p it a l, H a m p s t e a d -la n e , N . W . K e n d a ll, M is s E . , O a k d e n e A u x . H o s p ., R a in h ill, L a n c s . K e n n e d y , M is s K ., U . V . F . H o s p it a l, B e lfa s t. K e t t le , M is s L ., R o s e n e a th A u x . H o s p it a l, W in c h m o r e H i ll , M id d le s e x K it d o n , M r s . E ., St. J o h n ’s H o s p it a l, C h e lt e n h a m K n ig h t , M rs . N . E ., P e r c y H o u s e S c h o o ls , Is le w o r t h

D a d s o n , M is s M . A . P ., G iffo rd H o u s e A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, R o e h a m p to n D a d s o n , M is s S. P ., do. do. D a k in , M is s A . B ., P e rc y H o u s e S c h o o ls A u x ila r y H o s p it a l Is le w o r t h , M id d le s e x D a n ie ls , M rs . A . M , 2 n d D u r h a m A u x . H o s . S o u th S h ie ld s D a w e s , M r s . L ., A b in g t o n A v e n u e A u x . H o s ., N o r t h a m p t o n D e a n , M is s E . , O a k d e n e A u x .H o s p it a l, R a in h ill, L a n c s .

M c F a d d e n , M is s K . M ., i s t W e s t e r n G e n e r a l H o s p ., L iv e r p o o M c N a u g h t , M r s . S. A ., A u x . H o s p ., 17, B re e z e - h ill, L iv e r p o o l M c N a u g h t o n , M is s G . M ., P r in c e s s C h r is t ia n ’s H o s p it a l, N o r w o o d , S .E . M a n n e r s , L a d y D ia n a , R u t la n d H o s p it a l, L o n d o n L a w le y , H o n . Ir e n e , C o u n t e s s o f L y t t o n ’s H o s p it a l M a r s d e n , M r s . J ., S t a r r ’s H i l l A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L a n c s . M a r s h a ll, M is s E ., T h e G ra n g e , S o u t h p o r t

L a m b e , M is s G ., 4th N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x . H o s p ., C o r b r id g e L a n g d o n , M is s F ., O a k d e n e A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, R a i n h i ll L a u g h to n , M is s M ., A m e r ic a n A u x . H o s p ., H a m p s t e a d - la n e N .W . L e a t h a m , M is s M ., S t a p le to n P a r k A u x ilia r y H o s p ., Y o r k L e e d e r, M is s C ., B r o a d w a t e r A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Ip s w ic h L e m a y , M r s . E . , P r in c e s s C h r is t ia n ’s H o s p it a l, N o r w o o d , S . E . L in c h a m , M rs . F . M ., T a t t e n h a ll A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, C h e s h ir e L o u s a d e , M is s F . M ., 3 r d D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., S u n d e r la n d

— F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

M a r t in , M is s E . , T e m p le R o c k A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D u b lin . M a r t in d a le , M r s . E . J ., S t r a m o n g a te A u x . H o s p ., K e n d a ll M a ta n le , M r s . E . , H o r n s e a A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Y o r k s . M a w b y , M is s L ., A u x . H o s p ., D a llin g t o n , N o rt h a m p t o n M a x w e ll, M r s . N ., St. A n d r e w s , D o llis H i ll , M id d le s e x M a y n a r d , M is s O ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, R o e h a m p to n M e n z ie s , M is s N ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S o u t h a ll M ild r e d , M is s E . J ., St. J o h n H o s p ., T h e G ra n g e , S o u th p o rt M illa r , M is s D ., M o n k s t o w n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D u b lin M o r g a n , M is s G ., S p a ld in g H a ll, H e n d o n M o r r is o n , M is s S. A ., 17, B re e z e -h ill, L iv e r p o o l M o s t y n , L a d y M ., P e n b r f fy n o r A u x . H o s p it a l, H o ly w e ll M u r r a y , M is s E . M ., S '. M a r y ’s H a ll, W ille s d e n N ig g e m a n , M is s H . K ., is t W e s t e r n G e n e ra l H o s p it a l N ig h t in g a le , M is s R ., T im b e r h u r s t A u x . H o s p it a l, B u r y N u s s e y , M is s H ., B e a u lie u A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, H a r r o g a t e O liv e r , M is s L ., 6 th N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x . H o s p ., M o rp e th O rm e ro d , M is s A , C a s tle H o u s e A u x . H o s p ., R o c h d a le P a lm e r, M r s . M ., i s t D u r h a m A u x . H o s p it a l, W h in n e y H o u se , D u rh a m P a r k e r , M is s K ., I L g h f ie ld A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l N o r t o n M a lt o n , Y o r k s h ir e P a rm e t e r, M r s . E . , 18 h N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l P a r s o n s , M is s S ., D o llis H i l l H o u s e A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D o llis H i ll , M id d le s e x P a u li, M is s K . M . E . , S t. M a r y ’s H a ll, W ille s d e n , M id d le s e x P e r c iv a l, M r s K ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, T o w c e s te r , N ’h an ts. P e rc y , L a d y Y . A ., A ln w ic k C a s t le A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N o r t h u m b e r la n d P e r k in s , M r s . M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S o u t h a ll, M id d le s e x P e rr y , M r s . V ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N o rt h w o o d , M id d le s e x P e tte r, M is s M . M ., L a d y M o u n t g a r r e i’s H o s p ., C a d o g a n G d n s . P ic k fo r d , M r s . J ., 6th D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D a r lin g t o n P ilk in g t o n , M r s . M ., A u x . H o s p it a l, H illin g d o n , M id d le s e x P o lla r d , M is s M ., A u x . H o s p it a l, D o llis H i l l H o u s e , M id d le s e x P o r r e t t, M is s M ., 2 0th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., S u n d e r la n d P o rte r, M r s . E . , R o s h e r v ille A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, K e n t P o w e r, M is s L ., P a r k H o u s e A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N e w b u r y P o w e r, M r s . L ., do . do. P r o c to r , M is s M ., A u x . H o s p it a l, 19, M o u n t jo y - s q u a re , D u b lin P u g h , M r s . E . , W o o lt o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L iv e r p o o l R a b a g lia t i, M is s C . P ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, llk le y , Y o r k s h ir e R a w lin s o n , M is s M ., A u x . H o s p it a l, R a in h ill, L a n c a s h ir e R e a h , M r s . R ., io t h N o r t h u m b e r la n d A u x . H o s p ., P e n d o w e r R e e d , M r s . I. , 4 th do . do . C o r b r id g e R e id , M is s M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, R a in h ill, L a n c a s h ir e R e id , M is s T . do. do. R ic h a r d s o n , M r s . J . D ., A u x . H o s p ., D o llis H i l l H o u s e , M id d l’x. R ic h le y , M is s L . G ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S h o t le y H o u s e , S h o t le y , D u r h a m R ig g s , M is s H . E . , P r in c e o f W a le s ’s H o s p ., S ta in e s , M id d le s e x R o b s o n , M is s R . I. , 5th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p it a l, D u r h a m R o g e r s , M r s . J ., A r n o ld ’s A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D o n c a s t e r R u t h e r fo r d , M is s E . , M y r t le A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M y r t le G ro v e , L iv e r p o o l S a m b r id g e , M is s M ., L o rd s w o o d A u x ila r y H o s p it a l, H a r b o rn e , W o rce ste r S a v a g e , M is s D ., St. J o h n ’s A u x . H o s p ., H a r r o w , M id d le s e x S a y e r, M is s M . F ., W o o lt o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L iv e r p o o l S c h o le s , M is s E . , G r e e n b a n k A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, C h o r le y N e w ro a d , B o lt o n S k ip w it h , M r s . S. F ., A u x . H o s p it a l, L o v e r s a l H a ll, D o n c a s t e r S k ip w it h , M is s F . B ., do. do. S k ip w it h , M is s F . H ., do. do. S m ith , M is s N . A ., A r n o ld ’s A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, D o n c a s t e r S o k e ll, M is s G . M ., H a r e w o o d ’s A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L e e d s S o m m e rs , M r s . R ., H a le s o w e n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, W o r c e s t e r S p e ig h t, M is s E . , A u x i li a r y H o s p it a l, H a m p t o n , M id d le s e x S p e ir, M is s J . N ., 2 0th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., S e a h a m , D u r h a m S q u a ir, M is s E . , 13th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., S e a h a m , [D u rh a m S ta n n a rd , M r s . F . R ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, St. G e o rg e ’s H a ll, W ille s d e n - la n e S te p h e n s, M is s J. P ., A u x . H o s p it a l, 1 7 th D u r h a m , E t h e r le y Stob art, M is s D . F ., do. do. S to b a rl, M is s J . E . R .,^ do. do. Stote, M r s . D ., W o o lt o n A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L iv e r p o o l

JOH N

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

Novem ber, 1 91 7.

S t r ic k la n d , M is s I., 2 3 rd D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, E a g le s c liffe , D u r h a m S ty le s , M is s E . L ., H ig h b u r y A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, B irm in g h a m S u ffie ld , M is s W ., 2 5th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p it a l, A s h b o u r n e S u tto n s , M r s . M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N o rth w o o d , M id d le s e x S w a llo w , M rs . C ., 2 2 n d D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., N e w S e a h a m S w a n , M is s D ., N o . 5 A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, T y n e m o u t h T a r r a t t , M r s . A ., N o . 6 D u r h a m A u x ilia r y H o s p ., D a r lin g t o n T a y lo r , M is s H ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, B r id lin g t o n T a y lo r , M r s . N . H ., A u x . H o s p ., E r d in g t o n , B irm in g h a m T e a s d a le , M is s M ., 1st D u r h a m A u x ilia r p H o s p it a l, W h in n e y H o u se , D u rh a m T h o m a s , M r s . A ., H ig h b u r y A u x . H o s p it a l, B irm in g h a m T h o m p s o n , M rs . J . B ., A u x ililia r y H o s p it a l, S h o t le y H o u s e , D u rh a m T h o m p s o n , M r s . F . M ., F e n c e H o u s e s A u x . H o s p ., D u r h a m T h o m s o n , M is s F . M ., M y r t le A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M y r t le G ro v e , L iv e r p o o l T id s w e ll, M is s M . L ., St. J o h n ’s A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N e w c a s tle o n -T y n e T o lh u r s t , M r s . M . M ., R o y a l N a v a l H o s p it a l, H u ll W e r n e r , M is s J , St. J o h n ’s H o s p it a l, H a r r o w , M id d le s e x W e y m a n , M is s E . E ., St. J o h n ’s A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N e w c a s t le - o n - T y n e W h e e le r , M is s H ., M y r t le A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, M y r t le G ro v e , L ix e r p o o l W h it e h u r s t , M is s M ., St. J o h n ’s H o s p it a l, C h e lt e n h a m W ic k s , M rs . F . H ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, N o rth w o o d , M id d le s e x W ilk in s o n , M is s C ., A u x ilia r y H o s p ., H o le y n H a ll, W y la m W ilk in s o n , M r s . E . C ., T e m p le R o c k A u x . H o s p ., D u b lin W illia m s , M is s M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, P e rc y H o u s e S c h o o ls , Is le w o r t h W in t o u r , M ., F ie ld H o u s e A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, B r a d fo r d W o o d w a rd , M is s L . A ., St. J o h n H o s p it a l, C h e lt e n h a m Y o r k s , M r s . B . M ., A u x ilia r y H o p ., N o r t o n M a lt o n , Y o r k s . Z e h e tm a y r, M is s L . M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, P e r c y H o u s e S c h o o ls , Is le w o r t h

C ommendations (Service in M ilitary Hospitals ). A v e s , A ., N o r t h a n t s 78 B e ll, M a r y E . , L o n d o n 96 B e n n e tt, E m m a L ., N o rt h a n ts , 14 C lin c h , J . D . W ., L a n c s . 58 D r e w , A lic e L ., L o n d o n P o s t N .D . F o s te r , E t h e l H ., L o n d o n 86 F u r lo n g , E t h e l A ., W e s t L a n c s . 10 G re e n , M a r th a , L e ic e s te r 8 G re e n le e s , M a r y , K im b e r le y , S o u th A f r ic a H a ig h , Id a , W e s t Y o r k s 134 H a n r 't o n , T h e H o n . C ., D u b lin 8 H e w it t, M r s . E . C ., H a n t s 66 H y n d m a n , D o ro t h y , W o r c e s t e r 60 In g lis , A . K ., E s s e x 64 Ja c k s o n , D o ro t h y , W o r c e s t e r 60 J u ll, M r s . E lle n , L o n d o n 86 L in d s a y , F . , W . R . Y o r k s 66 L it t le w o o d , A ., W . Y o r k s , 60 M c In t y r e , R . C ., PL L a n c s . 144 M a y a ll. S. A ., E . L a n c s . 206 M o r fe y D . E ., S u r re y 166 N e w to n , G ., D u r h a m 62 R e e v e , N ., H a r b u r y N . D . R e n w ic k , E . , C h e s h ir e 64 R o w la n d s o n , E . , D u r h a m 50 R u t h e r fo r d , M ., N o r t h u m b e r la n d 78 S h a r p , E ., N o r t h u m b e r la n d 52 S h a rp ie s , M a b e l, E . L a n c s . 144 S la n e y , N o r a h , S taffs. 32 S m ith , A n n a , D u b lin 24 S h o r r o c k , S. A ., C h e s h ir e 64 S t o c k d a le , A lm e r ia E . , W . L a n c s . 58 S to p fo rd , L a d y E ile e n , W e x fo r d , N . D . S to re y , M a r c e lla , W . R . Y o r k s . 6 T h a in , M r s . M a r g a r e t , N o r t h u m b e r la n d 54 T in k e r , N e llie , C h e s h ir e 54 W a r r in g t o n , E t h e l M ., L o n d o n 82 W e n s le y , A n n ie M ., L o n d o n 80 W h it w a m , R u b y , W . R . Y o r k s . 60

Novem ber, 19 17,

— FIR ST

N otes

and

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

During the same period the following members of the Association were enrolled :— Honorary Councillors, 17 ; Life Members, 262; Annual Members, 2,298; Asso

N ew s.

ciates, 1,277. Our readers will learn with deep regret of the death of the Hon. Surgeon-General Sir Pardey Lukis, K.C.S.I., Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Indian Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, and Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas within the Empire of India. Sir Pardey Lukis was also Chairman of the Joint Committee of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society in India. In all these positions he has rendered service of in estimable value to the Order, and the extra work which he has cheerfully undertaken in addition to his heavy duties as Director-General of the Indian Medical Service must in a measure have contributed to his death at the age of 6r.

It has now been decided that the Welfare Order issued by the Home Secretary under the Police and Factories Act, requiring the provision of ambulance equip ment and personnel in certain classes of factories, shall take effect on the ist December next. * * ■ * Notice is given of the following new classes :—

F ir s t A id {Men). St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E C. Hon. Sec., Mr. Pearce. Fee 4s, Commencing Tuesday, 27th November, at 6 p.m.

Home N ursin g {Men). Eustace Cross. Hon. S.W. 3. Fee followed by a

Miles Restaurant, Chandos-street, Charing Sec., Miss Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, 4s. Thursday evenings, at 6.30 p.m. (to be course on First Aid.

F ir s t A id { Women). 41, Tothill-street, Westminster. Hon. Sec., Miss Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, S.W. 3. Fridays at 11 a.m. Commencing November 1 6th. Fee 12s. 6d. St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. Fee 4s. mencing Tuesday, 27th November, at 6 p.m.

V Owing to the cost of paper and printing it has been decided to discontinue the issue of the “ Indian Ambulance Gazette ” during the period of the war. * * * The Wallacefield Auxiliary H ispital completed the third year of its existence on the 23'd of October. This hospital owes its inception to Mr. and Mrs. Goodsir, who have given their house for its accommodation, and who have rendered exceptional service in connection therewith. Owing to the unusual length and severity of last winter many hours had to be spent indoors, and a scheme was devised for providing the men with suitable amusement. The conservatory attached to the house was converted into a workshop, a very complete set of tools and fittings being supplied through the kindness of Mr. Goodsir. Some excellent and quaintly original woodwork was turned out by the men. As an outcome of this scheme of winter recreation, a Sale of Work was held in July, when articles made by the men in the workshops, along with many pieces of embroidery done by them, and needlework done by the staff, found generous buyers. The sale, with donations, realised the sum of ^ 4 7 7 10s. 6d. for the Lord Roberts’ Memorial Workshop Fund. * * * Have any of our readers a file of the D a ily Graphic ? If so, we would invite them to refer to the issue dated the 19th of June, 1913, in which will be found illustrations de picting Sir L. Gubbins’ inspection of St. John V . A . D .’s. In the test scheme set on that occasion “ It was sup posed that enemy’s aeroplanes passed over London and dropped four bombs in the neighbourhood of the Embank ment and Fleet-street.” The fact is interesting in view of our recent experi ences.

Com

Home N u rsin g { Women). 41, Tothill-street, Westminster. Hon. Sec., Miss Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, S.W. 3. Tuesdays at 3 p.m. Commencing November 13th. Fee 12s. 6d. First Aid and Home Nursing 21s. Eustace Miles Restaurant, Chandos-street, Charing Cross. Hon. Sec., Miss Baddeley (as above). Thursday evenings at 6.30 p.m. Fee 4s. (to be followed by a course on First Aid).

An interesting competition was conducted by Dr. J. D. Willis on ist November, at headquarters, Nottingham Corps, in which several squads of the G.N. Division took part. The successful competitors were :— ist, No. 4 Squad, Sec. and Sergt. J. T. Well, Pte. W. H. Brown, Pte. W. C. Billiald, Corpl, C. W. Hlobrook, Pte. C. Skinner and Patient. 2nd, No. 1 Squad, Pte. S. G. Cragg, Pte. E. C. Collison, Pte. F. Clark, Corpl. G. Colson, Pte. J. Thompson and Patient, to whom prizes were awarded by Divisional Supt. E. H. Goddard.

* * *

Examinations for Demonstrators’ Certificates will be held as under, provided sufficient candidates are forth coming :— London, ist December; Birmingham, ist De cember; Manchester, ist December; Newcastle, Decem ber 13th; Leeds, December 6th ; Cardiff, 3rd December; Dublin, ist December ; Belfast, ist December. * * * 8654 awards were made by the Indian branch of the Association during the period October 1915 to June 1917.

In the early spring of 1915, almost in despair, wonder ing how the work was to be done, with a staff less than half its usual strength, the Superintendent of the Birmingham District Nurses’ Association asked the Honorary Secretary of the S.J A.B. for help. It was given then, and has never failed since— thanks to the enthusiasm and unfailing energy of the lady superintendent of one of the divisions. From January ist, 1915, to October 31st, 1917, one thousand seven hundred dependents of our fighting men have been nursed in their own homes. This is useful work which other nursing divisions should take up.

— F I R S T

CONTENTS

THIS

A ID .

The

NUMBER.

N o v e m b e r , 19 1 7 .

—

Lancet insists, call for immediate treatment, via.,

haemorrhage, fire, and asphyxiation.

E ditorial A m b u la n c e In s t r u c t io n fo r S c h o la r s

D istrict R eports —

it with a short stick if available, or by digital pressure on the bleeding spot if in the head, may save life.

N o. 1 ; N o. 5 ; No. 6

T he St . John ’s A mbulance G azette — G e n e r a l L e t t e r o f the J o in t th e C o u n t y D ir e c t o r s

case of burning clothes

In the

the sufferer should be tightly

wrapped in a coat, rug, or blanket, to exclude the air and

V . A . D . C o m m itte e to ... .......................

O u r W o r k fo r th e S ic k a n d W o u n d e d

H . R . H . T h e D u k e o f C o n n a u g h t at N e w to n A b b o t ...

V .A .D . N e w s

71 73 74 74 75

...

R e c o g n it io n o f N u r s e s S e r v ic e s ... N o te s and N e w s B r e v it ie s

Prompt aid by tieing

a handkerchief round the limb near the body and twisting

...

D r . N . C o r b e t F le t c h e r

put out the flames, whilst as regards asphyxiation, which often follows from the fumes of bombs, artificial respiration should be resorted to, or, in the alternative, cold water should be dashed in the sufferer’s face.

Every one, as our

contemporary suggests, who can spare the time should learn first aid and be ready to utilise with coolness and confidence those precious minutes which elapse before a doctor arrives, for deaths which occur from bleeding, burn ing and asphyxiation, are commonly avoidable, and it is an

Practical Points — Im p r o p e r U s e o f T o u r n iq u e t U n u s u a l O p p o rt u n it y o f R e n d e r in g F ir s t A id A p p lic a t io n o f P r in c ip le s o f F ir s t A id A g g r a v a t io n o f In j u r y D u r in g T r a n s p o r t ...

75 75 75 75

Q ueries and A nswers to C orrespondents — F r a c t u r e s o f F e r m u r a n d R ib s

...

76 76

U n u s u a l C a u s e of A s p h y x ia M e a n in g o f T e r m “ F ir s t A i d ”

...

In f e c t io n o f W o u n d w ith G e rm s o f T e t a n u s B a n d a g e s fo r F r a c t u r e d F e m u r

...

T re a tm e n t o f A b d o m m a l W o u n d s T r ia n g u la r B a n d a g e S im p le F r a c t u r e o f R ib s a n d T ib ia A N e w B a n d a g e F a ste n e r

...

76 76 78 78 78 78

act of negligence on the part of bystanders to allow such to occur. * * * Tests recently made on the western front with an aeroplane

with

have proved

two

stretchers

highly

for

satisfactory.

carrying No

wounded

were

carried during the tests, but Dr. Chassaing, of the Army Medical Service, and Corporal Tetu represented wounded passengers during a twelve-minute flight, the equivalent of a fifteen miles journey. Both the doctor and the corporal have declared that this form of transport is far superior to an ambulance, of which both have vivid recollections, having been wounded two years ago.

R eview— T h e S t o ry o f B r it is h V . A . D . W o r k in the G re a t W a r

Chassaing,

who removed

a muffler from his head

and unfastened straps during the flight, has expressed the opinion that there would be no unnecessary pain to a

B revities.

wounded passenger, because the equilibrium of the aeroplance is so perfect.

The Lancet recently drew attention to the fact that many of the injured in our raids might be saved from fatal results if bystanders knew what to do.

this form of transport for the severely wounded.

Elaborate arrange

***

ments, they point out, have been made for medical and nursing aid to be brought to the injured as soon as possible, and corps of emergency surgeons go on duty as soon as notification of an air raid is received, and the hospitals are always ready to receive the wounded.

“ Yet,” as they re

mark, “ careful and elaborate as the arrangements may be, these cannot be available until many minutes have elapsed after the infliction of the injury, and there is little doubt that lives could be saved if those near the injured could help immediately necessity arises.”

fourth year of the College of Ambulance was

opened on October 8th by the Bishop of London at the College premises in Vere-street, James

Cantlie,

F.R.C.S.,

the idea of a central in

London

had

the

developed out

part of the war.

Marylebone.

principal,

The

of the classes he con

Polytechnic

College

the

early

was a teaching body

and nothing else, and since its foundation first

Colonel

described how

institute for ambulance instruction

ducted at the Regent-street

ber of complete

V A

The machine was constructed by the

aeronautic service of the French army, which hopes to use

aid courses

given was

the

num

10 5;

courses in nursing, 7 5 ; and in camp hygiene and sani

, our contemporary goes on to state, “ Anyone

tation, 40.

In these three subjects alone r,i6o lectures

who sees how the members of the public deal with a street

had been giv e n ;

accident must recognise that any kind of useful first aid is

many special subjects

generally absent,” and this well typified in the objection

strations.

able and common practice which prevails of making a

exceeded 14,000, and were now to be found in every part

sufferer sit up and give him brandy !

of the war area.

Three conditions,

The

in addition lectures and

frequent

were

given

ambulance demon

students who had received instruction

Novem ber,

1917.

—

F I R S T

Dr. N. Corbet F letcher. T h i Railways of this country, as an organisation, have the

largest number of first aiders, they have also to their credit the happy knack of finding members of the medical pro fession who take a real and keen interest in first aid.

Dr.

Corbet Fletcher, who’s photograph we reproduce, was first

A I D ,

—

recently inaugurated lectures at St. John’s Gate, and has given lectures all over the country, including the S. E. and C. Railway Centre and the Regent-street Polytechnic. He is also Hon. Surgeon of the Hampstead Division, S.J.A.B. Dr. Fletcher is a first aid enthusiast and his well-known by name to our readers, by whom he has been called the “ student’s friend,” because he treats all queries, problems and difficulties from their special point of view.

enticed to take an interest in first aid by the enthusiasm of a first aider of the L. & N.W. Railway Centre, where he commenced lecturing to the members of the Broad-street Station Division in 1908, since that date practically all his leisure hours have been taken up with the subject. Dr. Fletcher has made first aid an all-absorbing hobby and he

Jractical Joints. The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases— with special reference to good and bad taints in Treatment— for inclusion in this Column.

pro per

o u r n iq u e t

A First-Aider experienced difficulty in controlling bleeding from a badly-cut thumb and applied a band of tape as a tourni quet to the middle of the arm. When the doctor arrived, the bleeding was worse than ever, but ceased immediately after the tape was removed. Raising the arm and an antiseptic dressing applied firmly to the wound quickly stopped the bleeding. N.B.— There are definite indications for a tourniquet. In this case it was both unnecessary and also misapplied. It did not completely cut off the circulation of the limb, and by its partial obstruction of the main vein caused profuse venous bleeding.— C. B., Chelsea).

n u su al

p p o r t u n it y

e n d e r in g

ir st

Referring to the interesting letter in the October issue, another First-Aider reports that on one occasion he treated three serious cases in one day ! At 12.50 p.m. he was told that a boy had fallen into a river. On arrival at the riverside he attempted to restore life with artificial respiration, and perse vered, without success, for one hour until a doctor pronounced life extinct. At 4.30 p.m. he dressed a severe scalp wound in a boy, the result of stone throwing. At 10.15 P-m- he was called to a fire at a local grocer’s shop and treated an assistant for severe burns of face and hands before removing him to hos pital.— (T. W., Carshalton).

has the disposition of imparting his enthusiasm to others. His lectures, while dealing with the subject matter of the text-book, are so demonstrated with impressive illustrations that they are immediately convincing and made retentive to the student; this also applies to his books. “ Aid to First Aid,” which was first published in 1913, has had a remarkable success, and has run into a 3rd edition within three years. Dr. Fletcher in the competion arena is of the late Dr. Christian school of first aid, for he believes that, in such tests, competitors should exercise their mental faculties and picture the whole scene of an accident, with every bearing upon the surroundings as to treatment and facilities. Dr. Fletcher was born in 1877, and was educated at the Merchant Taylor’s School, Queen’s College, Cambridge, University College, London, and University College Hos pital, and he took his degree in 1905. In the world of sport he has attained considerable distinction, he was a Cambridge Rugby Blue in 1897-8-9, he played in the English Rugby International 1901 and 1903 (five times). He is at present in charge of the

p plic a t io n

r in c ip le s

ir s t

A First-Aider, spending the night in London on his way to a Midland Town, was knocked down and robbed. When he recovered consciousness in the morning, he found that, although uninjured, he had lost everything except a silver match box. He realised that within three hours he must keep an im portant engagement fifty miles from London : and that, having no friends within reach, he possessed no means of settling for his food, lodging and railway fare. How did he keep his appointment ? He pawned his match-box for a florin, and sent a telegram to his father, who promptly despatched by wire sufficient money and so enabled the First-Aider both to quit his responsi bilities and also to present himself precisely on time at the appointed place. N.B.— The value of an Ambulance Training and the appli cation of the Principles of First Aid are not limited to the treatment of sick and injured patients !— (B. A., Cambridge).

g g r a v a t io n

ju ry

u r in g

ra n spo r t

During a Stretcher Competition in which the patient was supposed to be suffering from a punctured wound in the right side of the chest, the members of one team, having bandaged the injury, placed the patient carefully on the stretcher— face d o w n w a r d s Difficulties arose when it was time to unload; but No. 4 rose to the occasion by tilting the stretcher and

- F I R S T

rolling the patient on to th e o u t s t re t c h e d h a n d s o f th e o th e r b e a re rs ! N . B . — I n a n a c t u a l c a s e , t h is in ju r y w o u ld p r o b a b ly be c o m p lic a t e d b y s e v e re In t e r n a l H a e m o rrh a g e , a n d s u c h tre a t m e n t w o u ld b e lik e ly to b r in g a b o u t a fa t a l a tt a c k o f S y n c o p e . — ( B . E . M ., B r a d fo r d ) .

N o v e m b e r , 19 1 7 .

A I D. —

toms, since the pump was working efficiently and any excess air would escape through the exit valve.— N. C orbet F letcher . Meaning of T erm “ F irst-Aider .” L . C . ( B r id p o r t ) a s k s w h a t is th e p re c is e m e a n in g o f the term “ F ir s t - A id e r .”

Queries and Jln s w e rs Correspondents.

T h e te rm w a s c o in e d a n d firs t s u g g e s te d in t h is J o u r n a l (S e p te m b e r, 1894) b y D r . H e a to n H o w a r d . I t s ig n ifie s a n y p e rs o n who has received a certificate fro m an a u t h o r is e d a s s o c ia t io n th a t h e (o r s h e ) is q u a lif ie d to r e n d e r first a id .— N .

C orbet F letcher .

Q ueries w ill be dealt w ith under the follow ing rules .'—

I nfection of W ound with G erms

r .— Letters containing Q ueries m ust be m arked on the top left hana co m er o f

the envelope “ Q u ery ,"

a n d addressed— F i r s t

A id ,

46, Cannon-street, London, E . C . e . — A l l Q ueries m ust be accompanied by a “ Q uery Coupon ” cut jr o m the cu rren t issue of the Jo u rn al, or in case of Queries from abroad fro m a recent issue. S-— Q ueries, accompanied by stamped answ ered by post.

F r actu r es

o f

F em u r

addressed envelope,

a n d

w ill be

R ib s.

W . J . ( B la c o n ) .— W it h s im p le f ra c t u re s o f fe m u r a n d o f tru e r ib s (b o th o n le ft s id e ), is it c o r r e c t to p u t u p fra c t u re d fe m u r firs t w ith lo n g s p lin t (u p u n d e r a rm p it) o r w ith s h o rt s p lin t ( r e a c h in g a lit t le o v e r the h ip jo in t ) , a n d a fte rw a rd s to s e c u re r ib s w it h b a n d a g e s a n d s lin g ? I n the a b s e n c e o f a n y c o m p lic a t io n , the f ra c t u re d fe m u r is th e m o re s e r io u s in ju r y a n d the o n e m o re lia b le to a g g r a v a tio n , e s p e c ia lly d u r in g t ra n s p o rt. T h e r e fo re , th e lo n g o u ts id e (t o g e t h e r w ith a s h o rt in s id e ) s p lin t m u st be u se d , as la id d o w n in C a n tlie, p. 57, to fix th e fe m u r. F u r t h e r , any p ressu re o f the a r m p it bandage w i l l be ad van ta geou s b e c a u s e it w ill s e rv e to c o n tr o l the r ib s , a n d so ren d er unnecessary the b a n d a g e s a d v is e d fo r s im p le f ra c t u r e o f th e r ib s . T r e a t m e n t is c o m p le te d w ith a n a rm s lin g a n d p a tie n t re m o v e d in re c u m b e n t p o s itio n . — N.

C orbet

F le tc h e r .

U n u su a l

C au se

o f

A sph yx ia .

C . ( B r is t o l) . — A s tro n g , h e a lt h y d iv e r w en t d o w n in to a d o c k to r e p a ir a h o le in the lo c k g a te , th e w a te r in the d o c k b e in g h ig h e r th a n in the lo c k . A ft e r a b r ie f p e rio d , h e g a v e the e m e rg e n c y s ig n a l, b u t a ll a tte m p ts to p u ll h im u p fa ile d u n t il th e w a te r in lo c k a n d d o c k w as le v e lle d . H e w as th e n im m e d ia t e ly b r o u g h t to the s u rfa c e — in s e n s ib le a n d a p p a r e n t ly d e a d . H i s fa ce , e s p e c ia lly ro u n d m o u th a n d n o se , w a s w h ite , th o u g h h is n e c k a n d e a rs w e re p u rp le . H e h a d v o m ite d , a n d the v o m ite d m a tte r w a s a ll at th e b a c k o f h is n e c k . T h e a ir p u m p a n d a p p a r a t u s w e re w o rk in g p r o p e r ly , a n d th e re w a s n o w a te r in s id e th e d iv in g s u it. A tte m p ts at a r t if ic ia l re s p ira t io n f a ile d , a n d th e d o c t o rs in d u e c o u rs e p ro n o u n c e d th e m a n d e ad . ( 1 ) S in c e th e re w e re n o e x t e rn a l s ig n s of in ju ry , a n d 110 f ra c t u r e s o f r ib s o r s k u ll, w o u ld the w a te r p re s s in g o n h is c h e s t c a u s e d e a th fro m A s p h y x ia ? (2 ) W o u ld the v o m itin g p re v e n t the d iv e r u s in g u p s u ffic ie n t a ir a n d c a u s in g too m u c h to be p re se n t so t h a t a c o n d it io n o f “ c o m p re s s e d a i r ” r e s u lt e d ?

( 1 ) Y e s . D e a t h w a s d u e to A s p h y x ia caused by pressure a g a in s t th e lo c k g a te s a s th e re s u lt o f s u c tio n p ro d u c e d b y the d iffe re n c e in le v e l o f th e w a te r in lo c k a n d d o c k . A s p h y x ia w o u ld fo llo w th e a b s e n c e o f o x y g e n a te d a ir a t b re a t h a b le p r e s s u re a s w e ll a s the in t e rfe re n c e w ith th e a c tio n o f th e r e s p ir a t o ry m u s c le s. (2 ) N o . T h e v o m itin g w a s d u e to the p re s s u re A s p h y x ia . T h e r e is n o e v id e n c e th a t c o m p re s s e d a ir p ro d u c e d th e s y m p

o f

T etanus .

I. W . ( H ig h g a t e ) s e n d s a n e w s p a p e r re p o rt o f a re c e n t in q u e s t h e ld at S o u t h w a r k o n a c h ild w h o d ie d o f L o c k ja w . I n th e c u tt in g it is sta te d th a t th e m o th e r b a th e d the s c ra t c h e d n o se , d re s s e d th e w o u n d w ith b o r a c ic p o w d e r a n d o in tm e n t, a n d a p p lie d s t ic k in g p la s t e r ; a n d th a t “ sh e th e re b y u n k n o w in g ly h e lp e d to k i l l h e r c h ild .” C o m m e n t in g o n th e la s t sta te m e n t, E . I. W . re m a r k s th a t m a n y F ir s t - A id e r s w o u ld h a v e tre a te d th e c a s e in th e sa m e w ay, a n d in v it e s o u r c r it ic is m .

In f e c t io n o f a w o u n d w ith g e rm s m a y be in t im a t e ly a s s o c ia te d w ith the in ju r y a n d so u n a v o id a b le . I t is, h o w e v e r, m o re o ften in t ro d u c e d a fte r th e in ju r y , a n d a ris e s either fro m c a r e le s s a n d u n n e c e s s a ry h a n d lin g o f th e w o u n d o r fro m the u se o f u n c le a n h a n d k e r c h ie fs a n d o th e r m a te ria ls a p p lie d to s to p b le e d in g o r w ip e a w a y b lo o d . I n a d d it io n to th e o r d in a r y p u s p ro d u c in g g e rm s , th e re a ie c e r t a in le s s c o m m o n v a rie tie s , a m o n g s t w h ic h is th e m ic ro b e o f T e t a n u s ( L o c k ja w ), w h ic h c a n o n ly e x is t in absence o f air a n d c a n o n ly e x e rt its p o w e r in presence o f pus germs. T h i s g e rm f lo u ris h e s in a n im a l e x c re ta , a fa ct w h ic h e x p la in s th e fre q u e n t o c c u r re n c e o f T e t a n u s in the p re se n t w a r a m o n g s t th e w o u n d e d in F la n d e r s , w h e re f e r t ilis a tio n o f th e fie ld s w ith m a n u re is c a r r ie d o u t to a n e x te n t u n k n o w n in th is c o u n try . In the c a se q u o te d the e v id e n c e g o e s to p ro v e (1 ) th a t the m o th e r in the firs t in s t a n c e to o k a ll re a s o n a b le c a re to p ro te ct the w o u n d fro m s u b s e q u e n t in fe c tio n , e v e n if a s tro n g e r a n t i s e p tic (e .g., T in c t u r e o f Io d in e ) m ig h t h a v e b e e n m o re e ff ic a c i o u s in d e s t r o y in g the p u s g e rm s w h ic h m u s t h a v e b e en p re se n t in the w o u n d ; (2 ) th a t sh e c a n n o t— n o r c o u ld a F ir s t - A id e r w h o a d o p te d th e s a m e tre a tm e n t— b e h e ld re s p o n s ib le fo r w h a t is fo rtu n a te ly an extremely rare form o f w o u n d p o is o n in g in th is c o u n t ry ; a n d (3 ) th a t, e v e n w ith s lig h t c u ts a n d w o u n d s, F ir s t A id e r s a re w ise if, tru e to the P r in c ip le s o f F ir s t A id , th e y u n d e r ta k e r e s p o n s ib ilit y fo r first tre a tm e n t o n ly , a n d in a ll cases (e v e n w ith s o -c a lle d m in o r in ju r ie s ) a d v is e t h e ir p a tie n ts to s e e k m e d ic a l a d v ic e at the e a r lie s t p o s s ib le m o m en t. In c o n c lu s io n , th e c a s e p ro v id e s a n e ffe c tiv e o b je c t le s s o n fo r K . T . (P re s t o n ), w h o la s t m o n th w as a s k in g fo r “ h o m e tre a tm e n t fo r s lig h t w o u n d s, n o t s e rio u s e n o u g h fo r a d o c to r to be c o n s u lt e d .”

— N. Corbet Fletcher. B andages for F ractured F emur . M . B . (S t o c k p o r t ) a s k s in w h a t o rd e r y o u w o u ld a p p ly the s e v e n b a n d a g e s fo r fra c t u re d fe m u r, (a) w h e n a h e lp e r is at h a n d , ( b) w h e n s in g le h a n d e d . T h e c o rr e c t s e q u e n c e o f b a n d a g in g is first, to control the fracture {2 b a n d a g e s ; o n e a b o v e a n d o n e b e lo w th e fra c tu re ),

J| kJUL

53EZ

M T

R EAD Y SOUPS j

—

N o v e m b e r, 1 9 1 7

F I R S T

A I D .

—

FIRST-AID A

BLAND & PA IN L E SS

— IO D IN E D R E S S I N G .—

Uniforms and Equipment

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Antiseptic. I O D E X is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit— painless and bland It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic wounds, tears, abrasions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

IODEX has been supplied to : H .M . F le e t S u r g e o n s , R .A .M .C . Surgeons, Re d C r o s s S u r g e o n s ,

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C roix R o u ge F rancalse B e l g i a n F i e ld H o s p i t a l s ,

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating F r e e Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

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Officers of all Ranks and all Services, and the supply of High Grade Tailor ing

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—

F I R S T

then to co n tro l the s p lin ts ( j b a n d a g e s ; o n e in a r m p it s , o ne r o u n d p e lv is , a n d o n e r o u n d a n k le s ), la s t ly , to co n tro l the lim bs {2 b a n d a g e s ; o n e a b o v e k n e e s a n d o n e ro u n d le g s ). {a) W h e n a n a s s is t a n t is a v a ila b le , t h is o r d e r is o b ta in e d b y a llo t t in g to h im a t the ou tset th e s p e c ia l d u t y o f h o ld in g a n d f ix in g th e lo w e r fra g m e n t o f f ra c t u r e u n t il th e lim b is e ffic ie n t ly s p lin t e d a n d s e c u r e ly tie d to its u n in ju r e d fe llo w . (b) W h e n n o a s s is ta n t is a v a ila b le , a n o u ts id e s p lin t o n ly is in d ic a t e d , a n d the a ll- im p o r t a n t d u t y o f firs t c o n t r o llin g the fra c t u r e c a n n o t b e o b s e r v e d u n less w e com m ence treatm en t b y t y in g le g to le g a n d so p r e v e n t a n y p o s s ib le m o v e m e n t o f the lo w e r fra g m e n t. T he a d d itio n o f an eig h th bandage is a m a tte r o f c o n v e n ie n c e , a n d w ill b e u s e fu l i f th e re is a n y d if fic u lt y in c o n t r o llin g th e lo w e r e n d o f th e s p lin t. — N . CORBET

F letcher .

N ovem ber, 1917.

A I D . —

N ew

Bandage

F astener.

patent bandage fastener has been devised by Dr.

T h i s

Rutland, and the advantages claimed for it include great rapidity in application (a bandage can be fixed In a few seconds), security when fixed, and any degree of tension or tightness as may be required. safety-pin

there

In applying an ordinary

always risk

pricking the

finger

which must be passed under the bandage when applying it.

A certain amount of tightness is lost owing to this

necessity, and there is always danger of contracting septic

T reatment of A bdominal W ound . T . C . ( L o n g p o r t ) :— W it h a v e r t ic a l w o u n d o f a b d o m e n (in t e s t in e s n o t p r o t u d in g ) (1 ) s h o u ld 1 a p p ly fla n n e ls w ru n g o u t o f w a rm w a te r c o n t a in in g o n e te a s p o o n fu l o f s a lt to a g a llo n o f w a te r, a n d (2 ) w o u ld t h is a p p lic a t io n h e lp to k e e p th e in t e s t in e s in s id e th e a b d o m en ? (1 ) N o . F o llo w d ir e c t io n s g iv e n in C a n tlie (p p . 7 7 a n d 1 1 2 ); k e e p p a tie n t flat a n d c o v e r w o u n d w ith d r y b o r a c ic lin t. T h e t re a tm e n t y o u s u g g e s t is in d ic a te d w h en the in te stin e s p r o tr u d e a n d h e lp s to m in im is e th e S h o c k w h ic h re s u lt s th e re fro m . N o te , h o w e v e r, th a t th e w a te r m u st b e w a rm a n d r e c e n t ly b o ile d , a n d th a t it s h o u ld c o n ta in a s tr o n g e r p ro p o r tio n o f s a lt, i.e ., o n e t e a s p o o n fu l to a p in t. (2 ) N o . K e e p in g th e p a tie n t fla t on h is b a c k w ith lo w e r lim b s e x te n d e d ( C a n tlie , p. 1 1 3 ; w ill d o th is, a lt h o u g h a firm b a n d a g e ro u n d th e b o d y (a b o v e th e b o r a c ic lin t d r e s s in g a n d la r g e p a d o f c o tto n w o o l) w ill a s s is t .— N . C orbet F letcher .

fingers, from which so many nurses suffer. These de fects are avoided by the use of the Lightning Bandage Fastener.

Ltd.,

It can be obtained from The London Publicity Co., 2 1 a , Savile-road, London, VV. 1 .

R eview s.

T riangular Bandage . L.

1. ( B r ig h t o n ) a s k s w h e th e r th e lo w e r b o rd e r o f the t r i a n g u la r b a n d a g e s h o u ld be tu rn e d “ i n ” o r a p p lic a t io n to c h e s t, s h o u ld e r, a n d h ip .

“ o u t ” fo r

T h e p o in t is n o t v e r y im p o rt a n t , b u t D r . C a n t lie h a s h im s e lf la id it d o w n th a t th e lo w e r b o r d e r s h o u ld be t u r n e d “ i n ” because th e se b a n d a g e s a re a p p lie d to r e ta in d r e s s in g s a n d p o u ltic e s in p o s it io n a n d the in w a rd t u r n — in d e p e n d e n t ly o f a p p e a r a n c e a n d n e a t n e s s — w ill s e rv e a s a b a n d to p re v e n t th e d r e s s in g s lip p in g d o w n .— N. C orbet F letcher .

S imple F ractures of the R ibs and T ibia. T . C . ( L o n g p o r t ) : — I n a c a s e o f s im p le fra c t u r e s o f r ib s {left) a n d o f t ib ia {right), 1 t re a te d the le g firs t w ith s p lin t s a n d b a n d a g e s , th e n a p p lie d ic e b a g to r ib a n d p la c e d a rm in la r g e s lin g , a n d f in a lly t u rn e d p a tie n t to w a rd the le ft sid e . W a s I r ig h t ( 1 ) in le a n in g p a tie n t to w a r d s in ju re d left s id e , a n d (2 ) in n o t re m o v in g th e b u t t o c k s ? (1 ) N o . T h e t ilt in g o f th e p a tie n t w o u ld , in m y o p in io n ) c a u s e t e n s io n o n th e fra c t u re d le g , a n d th e p a tie n t w o u ld h a v e b e e n m o re c o m fo rt a b le if h e h a d b e e n k e p t fla t o n h is b a c k . W h a t w a s th e a d v a n ta g e o f the ic e b a g a n d w h e re d id y o u ge t it ? I t w a s a p o o r s u b s t it u t e fo r th e tw o b a n d a g e s fo r f ra c t u re d r ib s w h ic h y o u o m itte d . ' (2 ) Y e s . R e m o v a l o f b u t t o c k s is a s u r g ic a l o p e ra t io n w h ic h y o u , a s a F ir s t - A id e r , s h o u ld n o t a tte m p t 1 1— N . C orbet

(F letcher . 1 W h e n c o rre sp o n d in g w itb .m e n tio n “ F ir s t A id ”

A d v e rtisers

p lea se

TH E

STO RY

B R IT IS H

TH E

GREAT

V .A .D .

W ORK

W AR.

B y T h e k la B o w s e r, F . J . I . L o n d o n : A n d r e w M e lr o s e , L td . P r ic e j s . net. T h i s v o lu m e is in te n d e d to g iv e a g e n e r a lly re p re s e n ta tiv e a c c o u n t o f the w o rk o f the V . A . D . ’s b o th a t h o m e a n d a b ro a d , a n d in t h is re s p e c t it a d m ir a b ly fu lfils its o b je c t. I n it s p a g e s th e a u th o r h a s g iv e n e x a m p le s o f the v a r io u s p h a s e s o f V . A . D , w o rk , w h ic h s h o u ld sh o w to th e r e a d e r the w o n d e rfu l o r g a n is a tio n it is a n d w h a t h a s b e e n a c c o m p lis h e d d u r in g th e w ar. T h e s e e x a m p le s a re n ot d r y r e a d in g , a s o n e w o u ld s u p p o s e in d e a lin g w ith s u c h a s u b je c t, b u t a re in th e fo rm o f in t e re s tin g s to rie s.

Decorations for Nurses working in St. John Hospitals willl appear in the next issue.

— F IR S T

November 1917.

AID.—

f o r

N u r s e s '

t e W

e a r

ARRODS N u rse s S e c t io n is d e v o te d the supp ly of everything necessary to the outfitting of Professional and V .A .D . Nurses. W e are appointed by the St. Jo h n A m bulance Brigade and the B ritish Red C ross Society, and all m aterials and prttern s are approved thereby. Postal enquiries are in v iie d and are assured of prompt and careful attention.

T h e S a fe g u a rd T

H E R E is no better tonic than Hall’s Wine. During the present times of trial and stress, Hall's Wine has fully proved its worth. In fact, many who have suffered from shock and worry owe their life to it. Health and well-being are needed now more than ever to resist the attacks of winter and the trials and troubles of war-time. Safeguard yourself— begin a course of Hall’s Wine to-day. “ I had a nervous breakdo w n,” writes a sufferer, “ and after being very ill for three m onths I tried I l a l l ’sW in e & owe my life to it .”

It w ill h e ip 'y o u too. I f you feel run-dow n, w orried or depressed and cannot sleep, you need the aid that H a ll’s W in e gives.

Halls Wine

The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E . — B u v a b >ttle o f H a ll s * in e to -d a y If, a f te r ta k i n g o n e - h a lf o f it y o u feel n o re a l b e n e fit, r e t u r n to u s th e h a lf - e m p ty b o ttle a n d w e w ill a t o n c e re f u n d th e e n tir e o u t la y .

E x tra Large Size,

S m a lle r S iz e , 4/9.

4/6.

N . U 7 0 — R e d C ro s s S o c ie ty 's A p ro n in s to u t a p ro n c lo th . ;6, 38 a n d 40 in c h . . 2 /6 N .U 7 0 . R e d C ro s s R e g u la tio n C o a t. S h o w e r p r o o f a n d s h ru n k c lo th . G o v e r n m e n t S e rg e 49lm N a p C lo th . . .. .. 5 8 /" M e lto n C lo th 6 3 /-

Carriage p a id on a ll Drapery Goods.

HARRODS

LTD

LO N DO N

W o o d m an Burbidge Managing Director

T H E

“ F I R S T

A I D ”

PICTORIAL TRIANCULAR BANDACE.

Illustrating the various w ays of using the Bandage in cases of injury. Triangular Bandages can also be supplied plain, unprinted.

SOUTHALL BROS. & BARCLAY, L d„ B IR M IN G H A M , Esta bli sh ed

1820,

M anufacturers of Surgical Dressings, Fine Chem icals and Pharm aceutical Preparations. Enquiries invited.

— F I R S T

N o v e m b e r, 19 1 7 .

A ID . — M A N U A L S

F IR S T -A ID ,

& e .,

B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R , B .A ., M .B ., IL C .( C a n ta b ), M .R .C .S .

AIDS

FIRST-AID.

P t s t fre e , 7&. First-Aid Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. T h i r d E d itio n .

“ Co/. Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his Rood opinion o f the book." — L a n c e t .

AIDS

HOME-NURSING.

S e c o n d E d i iio n .

P r ic e 7 d . , p o st free.

Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, w i t i Aids to Memory. “ T h u bock w onderfully sim plifies a complex subject and should be read by a ll students."— L . & N.VV. R y . G a z e t t e .

WHY

H a n m e r ’s L ife -S a v in g Le ctu res. H A N M E R h a s ju s t c o m p le te d a m o st s u c c e s s fu l L e c t u r e T o u r in Ir e la n d . F o r t y L e c t u r e s h a v e b e e n g iv e n , in c lu d in g c ro w d e d m e e tin g s in D u b lin , B e lfa s t a n d L o n d o n d e r ry . S e r g t .

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRST-AID.

P r ic e 7 d . , p o s t free.

Difficulties I t Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer. ‘ ‘ We commend this book to Lecturers and Students who w ill f i n d it o f great service. " — F i r s t A i d .

EFFICIENCY

FiRST-AID.

P o s t fre e , i s . 2d. Problems n Study, Treatm nt and Examination solved for Senior Students. “ iVithout doubt the book w ill be o f great service in the tra in in g o f those f o r whom it is designed." — B r i t i s h M e d i c a l J o u r n a i .

HINTS

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

P o s t fre e , 7d . Orderly Duties Simplified aud Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. ” A most compact brochure which contains much useful inform ation ." — P r e s c r ib e r .

A f e w v a c a n t d a te s le ft f o r D e c e m b e r . N o t e .— T h e H a n m e r s y s te m o f im p a r t in g F ir s t A id k n o w le d g e h a s c o m e to sta y.

IN D E X

A t.

CARVELL,

F IR S T -A ID . M .R .C S .,

L .S .A .L o n d .

A vade-mecum for the A m bulance W o rk e r. F.ca p .S vo . Post free, I s. 2 d. F I R S T A I D IN F E W W O R D S . (3 8 th th o u s a n d ) . B y th e S a m e A u te u r.

S e n d 3d. s ta m p s fo r f u ll p a r t ic u la r s a n d N o v e lt y B o o k le t.

S ergt . C . H A N M E R , 205, D orchester R oad, G oldthorpe , N r . R otherham . W ir e s :— H a n m e r, A m b u la n c e , G o ld th o rp e .

POSTAL INSTRUCTION in “ PRESCRIPTION READING’’ and “ ELEMENTARY DISPENSING.” Everyone engaged in F IR S T A ID w ork shculd take up ne above C ourses at once. A m em ber of S .J .A .B . w r i t e s I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instructio n received, have t ften wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such.” ( T . B . ) S p e cial te rm s n o w — h alf f e e s - lo members of S .J .A B ., &c. A pply (stamp) to M e. J. E . W a ld e n , Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispensers Section o f the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874), 1 12 , S t. G e o rg e 's R oad , S o u t h w a rk , L o n d o n .

D r. F i n n y ’s F ir s t A id . u .f ■ C l.

A C lassified Series of F irst A id Notes and an In terleaved N ote-Book for A m bulance Students. B y W . E . S t . L A W R E N C E F IN N Y ,

F n t T io N R

e v is e d

My' DW'>. ME '. C S h t'>. HLoAnW ' ARsso B E Nc'° C .Ef AFeI NONrder Y,

o f S t ' J o h n ’ L ? ctu r,’ r o n F ir s t A l d '

0 NET P o sta g e

P enny

“ A useful note-book for am bulance students.” — B ritish M edical Journal. TH O M A S M U RBY & CO ,, 6, B 0 U V E R 1E S T ., LONDON, E .C . O ffic e rs R e g u la t io n G re a t C o a ts . D a r k G r e y b e a v e r d o t h , 4 5s. to m e a su re . S u p e r io r q u a lit y M e n ’s G r e a t C o a ts , 32 s. 6 d .— W r it e fo r p a tt e rn s a n d p a r t ic u la r s , T h o r n t o n & C o ., t a ilo r s , B iig h o u s e .

T )

W ith Coloured D iagram s. 12 pp. F o ld er. Paper, 2d. H O M E N U R S I N G IN F E W W O R D S . (16th

C lo t h e d . th o u s a n d ).

B y th e S a m e A u th o r.

In c lu d in g useful reference table*. 14 pp. F old er. Paper, 2 d. C lo t h e d . T H E C O M P L E T E M AN IK IN . System s of Body accurately indexed. In v alu a b le to Students of A natom y, M edicin e, F irs :-A id and A llie d Subjects. Price 2 S . net; postage, 2 d . T H E TR IA N C U LA R B A N D A G E : Its A p p licatio n A ccurately Described by W o rd s and 116 D iagram s. By

HOW ARD

PRESTO N ,

Demonstrator

the

Polytechnic.

116 Illu s . P rice, IS net; postage 2d. TH E ROLLER BANDAGE. B y th e S a m e A u th o r.

Its A p p licatio n A ccurately D escribed by W o rd s and 162 D rag ams. P rice, I S . net; postage, 2d. F IR S T -A ID A N A TO M IC A L D IA G R A M S . T w e lv e in set, on R o lle r. Post free, 2 S . lO d . E a ch Diagram separately, 2 d. 5 and 6 (coloured), 6 d. each. No. 1 4 . - H U M A N B O D Y . - S H O W I N G A R T E R I E S & P R E S S U R E P O IN TS . C oloured. Price, 6 d. T H E W H O L E A R T O F B A N D A G IN G . By

T H E lC L A

BO W SER,

F .J .l.

Introdm ction bv J a m e s C a n t l i e , F .R .C .S . Illu s . P R A C T I O A L I N S T R U C T I O N IN C U T T I N G UP H O S P IT A L G A R M E N T S FOR S IC K {Approved by the Red Cross Society). Illu strate d . A S H O R T C O U R S E OF P H Y S IC A L By

ALLAN

BROM AN.

Post free, is . 2 d. O U T & M AK IN G & W OUNDED. Post tree, is . 2 d. TR A IN IN G .

P r ic e i s

8 d . p o . t fre e .

& D A N IE L S S O N . L td ., 83-91. G r e a t T i t c h f l e l d S t r e e t , L o n d o n . W .

JO H N

BALE,

SONS

BOOKS

On F irs t A id, M e d ic in e , S u r g e ry , a n d a ll o t h e r S c ie n tific a n d L i te r a r y S u b je c ts . S e c o n d -H a n d at H a lf P r ic e s , N ew Books at O is c o u n t P r ic e s . C a ta lo g u e s fre e . S ta te w a n ts . B o o k s s e n t on a p p ro v a l. B o o k s b o u g h t. W . & Q . F O Y L E , 1 2 c a n d 123. C h a r in g C ro s s R o a d , L o n d o n , W .C .

O R S A L E , a q u a n t it y o f M e n ’s A m b u la n c e U n if o r m T r o u s e r s , a ll size s, q u it e n e w , 95. 6d. a p a ir .— T h o r n t o n a n d C o , 24, C o m m e r c ia l-s tr e e t, B rig h o u se .*

O R S A L E . — R e g u la t io n B r o w n L e a t h e r B e lt s a n d P o u c h e s ; a ls o C a p s a n d O v e rc o a t s ; s a m p le s on a p p r o v a l. — F o lle tt , 4, V ic t o r ia - a v e n u e , B is h o p s g a t e , L o n d o n , E . C .

O T R E T C H E R S. — Q u a n t it y o f A d m ir a lt y p a tte rn S t r e t c h e rs O fo r d is p o s a l, h a v in g b e e n m a d e in e x c e s s o f c o n tra c t re q u ir e m e n ts ; v e r y lig h t w e ig h t a n d c o lla p s ib le ; p o le s c f b a m b o o , c lo th s N o . 1 N a v y c a n v a s .— O ffe rs to T h e L iq u id A i r a n d R e s c u e S y n d ic a te , L t d ., P a r k R o y a l, L o n d o n , N .W . 10

Waifrul

“ FIRST A I D ” QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be a i l out and enclosed w ith a ll Queries. N ovem ber,

1917.

Printed and Published by D a l e , R e y n o l d s & C o ., L td ., 46, C annon S t., Lo nd o n , E . C . 4 -, to whom a ll com m unications should be addressed.

FIR ST AID AND

ST.

JO H N

THE

AM BULANCE E d ite d b y A R T H U R

No. 282.— Vol. X X I V .

N O T IC E

------

DECEMBER,

I 9 I 7’

GAZETTE.

DALE.

[2/8 P e r

{Entered a t Sta no n ere' H a ll.]

Annum ,

P ost

F ree

the case cited above is one of the most frequent occurr

READERS.

ence.

F I R S T A I D is published on the 2 0 t h o t e a c h m o n t h . A n n u a l Subscription is 2 S. 6 d . post free ; single copies 2 d .

T he

The great mass of the population of this country

have never troubled to learn the elementary truths of a first aid knowledge which may save lives or prevent at

Its aim and object being the .advancem ent of A m bulance W o rk in a ll its branches, the E d ito r invites Readers to send A rticle s and R eports on subjects pertain in g to the M ovem ent and also welcomes suggestions for P ractica l Papers.

least some unnecessary suffering, yet when accident occur there are always willing helpers, whether they know the right or wrong way to give effective treatment.

With very

little

acquire a

trouble

these

ignorant

people

could

A ll R eports, & c., should be addressed to the E d ito r, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied {not necessarily for Publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

knowledge of first aid which would give them confidence

Subscriptions, A dvertisem ents and other business Com m unications connected w ith F I R S T A I D should be forwarded to the P ublishers,

quietly, and be an earnest help in suffering.

D ALE,

REYN O LDS 46,

Cannon

C O .,

Street,

L t d ., London,

E .C . 4.

to treat an accident, or case of sudden illness, coolly and It is to the

present ambulance worker to convince these people of the benefits of such a training, and we feel sure that by their doing so we should have many more in our ranks.

Telegraphic A ddress: “ Twenty-four, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

The recent Order issued by the Home Office, making provision for ambulance equipment and trained personnel in certain industries, shows that the Government Depart

ED ITO R IA L.

ments are fully alive to the benefits of such ambulance training and equipment, and the figures which we recently quoted from a report on the Health of Munition Workers

“ F I R S T A I D ” extends to its Readers and Patrons a cordial greeting for Christmas and best w ishes in the N e w Year.

are sufficient evidence to prove its necessity.

This Order

may be regarded as a preliminary step, which, when the war is over,

will

be followed

by more comprehensive

legislation, which will open up a vast field of useful work for the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade.

We had recently sent to us a copy of an The

N e c e s s ity of

F ir s t

A id .

address given to High School students on the necessity of studying ambulance

Notice is being given of a Bill in Parliament to

nursing and home hygiene, and in it

enable the Joint Societies to apply, after the war, any

the following passage occurs :— “ I know

residue

you are always willing to help, but if you don’t know the right way of helping you often cause more harm than good. For instance, when a person faints and falls, you will run up to him and try to raise his head and, perhaps, make him sit up, but how many of you know that it is the worst possible thing to do under the circumstances, and instead

their

property

for the sick deal the

and

wounded in war.

with material spot,

might

would

the

and

realise

you only make the faint deeper,”

Cross Society limits

not

apply to readers of

this

and

wounded

sailors

The

object is to

equipment which, next

greatest

nursing requirements.

does

the public advantage in

cases where it cannot be usefully employed exclusively

of raising his head, you ought to lower it, for by raising it

This instance

benefit

if sold

nothing, to

but

civil

which

hospitals’

T h e Charter of the British Red its or

power

the relief

soldiers, so

Journal, the great majority of whom are trained in first aid,

Act of Parliament great waste and

byt shows them the state of things which do exist, and

compulsory.

that

sick

without an

injustice would be

—

F I R S T

tJhc Stand Jrio rg of the 0rd«r of the hospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in Sngland. AM BULANCE

D EPARTM ENT.

The S t. John .Ambulance Brigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

N o. 1 D is tr ic t.

A I D. —

December, 1917.

P o tte r, E s q . , the g e n e ra l m a n a g e r o f th e G .W . R . , p re se n te d th e a w a rd s — v iz., c e rt ific a t e s , m e d a llio n s a n d la b e ls — to the m e m b e rs o f th is d iv is io n in th e S h a r e h o ld e r s ’ M e e t in g R o o m at P a d d in g t o n S ta tio n , w h e n m a n y o f th e o ffic e rs o f th e C o m p a n y w e re p re se n t. A w a r d s w ere a ls o p re se n te d to so m e m e m b e rs o f the A s s o c ia t io n , w h ic h w a s fo llo w e d b y a n a m b u la n c e film s h o w in g r a ilw a y m e n at w o rk . A n a p p e a l b y th e g e n e ra l m e m b e rs to k e e p on th e g o o d w o rk a n d fo r n e w o n e s to jo in up c lo s e d th e m e e tin g .

Deputy Commissioner : W.

W IN N Y . JA N U A R Y ,

19 1 7.

Sunday Duty, St. Paul’s Cathedral. S u n d a y , 9 th .— N o . „ 1 3 th .— N o . „ 2 0 th .— N o . „ 2 7th - N o . F r o m 2 .3 0 p .m . to 8 V IS IT

4 D iv is io n , 11 „ 13 „ 16 „ p .m . Key

H .M .

L e y to n a n d L e y to n sto n e . W e m b le y a n d H a r le s d e n . E ast H am . L .B . & S .C .R . fro m St. J o h n ’s G a te , 2 p.m .

TH E K IN G FACTO RY.

M U N IT IO N

O n th e o c c a s io n o f a re c e n t v is it to a m u n itio n fa c t o ry in W e s t L o n d o n H . M . the K in g w a s r e c e iv e d b y tw e n ty -fiv e m e m b e rs o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e e m p lo y e d at the w o rk s , a c t in g a s a G u a r d o f H o n o u r . H i s M a je s t y c a lle d fo r th e O ffic e r in C h a rg e , m a d e e n q u ir ie s a b o u t th e D iv is io n a n d a ls o a b o u t th e A m b u la n c e S t a t io n w h ic h th e y h a d e s t a b lis h e d in th e n e ig h b o u rh o o d . T h e K in g c o m p lim e n te d th e A m b u la n c e O ffic e r o n the c r e d it a b le w o r k th e y w e re c a r r y in g on. HALKYN

HO USE.

T h e L a d y S u p e r in te n d e n t in C h ie f h a s re q u e s te d the D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r to m a k e it k n o w n th a t w o rk is b e in g c a r r ie d o n a t th e D e p o t fo r th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e H o s p it a l at H a lk y n H o u s e , 13, B e lg r a v e - s q u a r e , o n F r id a y s in e a c h w e e k fro m 8.45 to 9.45 p.m . M e m b e r s o f N u r s in g D iv is io n s w h o a re a b le to g iv e a s s is t a n c e w ill b e w a r m ly w e lc o m e d . O ffe rs o f h e lp s h o u ld be a d d re s s e d to L a d y P e rro t t, St. J o h n ’s G a te , C le r k e n w e ll, E . C . i . *

D IV IS IO N A L

BOO KS.

D iv is io n s w h o h a v e n o t ye t s e n t in t h e ir D iv is io n a l B o o k s a n d B a la n c e S h e e t fo r in s p e c t io n s h o u ld d o so at o n ce . I t is p r e fe r a b le th a t th e S e c r e t a r y o r M e m b e r in C h a rg e s h o u ld b r in g th e m in p e rs o n to th e D is t r ic t In s p e c t o r o f S to re s, e it h e r o n M o n d a y o r W e d n e s d a y e v e n in g s b e tw e e n th e h o u rs o f s ix a n d e ig h t. A P P L IC A T IO N

FO R

M E M B E R S H IP .

I n so m e o f the D iv is io n s a n o ld e d it io n o f th e “ A p p lic a t io n fo r M e m b e r s h ip ” fo rm is s t ill in use. O ffic e rs a n d M e m b e rs in C h a r g e w h e n a p p ly in g fo r n e w m e m b e rs to be e n ro lle d s h o u ld see th a t th e w o rd s “ B r it is h B o r n B r it is h S u b je c t ” a re in s e rt e d in th e p r o p e r p la c e o n th e fo rm o f a p p lic a t io n . DAY

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IN T E R C E S S IO N .

S u n d a y , J a n u a r y Gth, h a s b e e n a p p o in t e d a s a d a y o f S p e c ia l In t e r c e s s io n , a n d it is s u g g e s t e d th a t A m b u la n c e a n d N u r s in g m e m b e rs o f the P r in c e o f W a le s ’ C o r p s m a y a rra n g e to a tte n d p la c e s o f w o rs h ip , e it h e r in d iv id u a lly in u n ifo rm o r if t h e y r e c e iv e a n in v it a t io n fro m th e C le r g y o r M in is t e r s th e y m a y d o so a s D iv is io n s .

(Signed)

N o . 7 6 (L imehouse) D ivision.— O n D e c e m b e r 8th the D iv is io n f o r m a lly r e c e iv e d fro m the M a y o r o f S te p n e y a n ew m o to r a m b u la n c e . T h e c e re m o n y to o k p la c e in the g ro u n d s o f St. A n n e ’s C h u r c h . T h e M a y o r ( D r . R e id y ) , w a s a c c o m p a n ie d b y th e M a y o re s s , a n d th e re w ere a ls o p re se n t S ir W m . P e a rc e , M .P . fo r th e d is t r ic t , M r . Y e o , M .P . fo r P o p la r , C o u n c illo r H . M a r k s a n d M r s . M a r k s , M r. a n d M r s N e w e ll, a n d s e v e ra l o th e r lo c a l C o u n c illo r s . It w a s v e r y fittin g th a t th e M a y o r o f the B o r o u g h s h o u ld b e c a lle d u p o n to f o r m a lly h a n d it o v e r to th e D iv is io n , as h e is a d o c to r b y p ro fe s s io n , a n d th e re fo re in te re s te d in th e a lle v ia tio n o f h u m a n s u ffe rin g . T h e M a y o r s a id th a t it w a s a v e r y g re a t p le a s u re to h im to be p re se n t a n d h e a r t ily c o n g ra tu la te d the D iv is io n o n the p r o g re s s m a d e s in c e its fo rm a tio n a n d a ls o o n the s u c c e s s in o b ta in in g s u c h a u s e fu l a m b u la n c e . T h e k e e n n e s s d is p la y e d b y the m e m b e rs a u g u r e d w e ll fo r th e fu tu re , a n d he w ish e d th e D iv is io n e v e ry su c c e s s . S ir W illia m P e a rc e , M .P ., s a id th a t h e w a s m o re th a n p le a s e d to h e a r o f th e g o o d w o rk b e in g d o n e in th e d is t r ic t h e re p re s e n te d at W e s t m in s t e r . I t o n ly p ro v e d th a t th e re is s t ill p le n ty o f g rit, c o u ra g e a n d p lu c k in the E a s t - e n d . I t w a s s h o w n in tw o w a y s th e re th a t a fte rn o o n ,firs t b y the s u c c e s s a tta in e d in g e t tin g the a m b u la n c e in so s h o rt a tim e (th e m e m b e rs h a d o n ly b e e n c o lle c t in g fo r it tw o m o n th s a n d it w as p a id fo r), a n d s e c o n d ly , in the p e rso n o f S e rg t. B u rm a n of the R if le B r ig a d e , w h o h a d ju s t b e e n a w a rd e d the V ic t o r ia C ro s s . T h e r e w a s n o t a g re a t d e a l o f h im so fa r a s size w en t, a n d for a ll to see h im h e h a d to m o u n t a sea t, w h e n h e w a s g iv e n an e n t h u s ia s t ic ch e e r. M r. A r t h u r M a r k s a s O ffic e r in c h a r g e , f o r m a lly a c c e p te d th e a m b u la n c e a n d e x p re s s e d th e t h a n k s o f h im s e lf a n d th e m e m b e rs fo r th e re a d y h e lp w h ic h h a d b e e n g iv e n b y b u s in e s s h o u se s in th e im m e d ia te lo c a lit y as w e ll a s b y m o re h u m b le in d iv id u a ls . H e a ls o h a d to t h a n k D r . C a r v e l, w h o h a d b e en th e m e a n s o f o b ta in in g ,£25 fro m o th e r D iv is io n s , b o th A m b u la n c e a n d N u r s in g . T h r o u g h a ll w o rk in g to g e th e r h e ( M r . M a r k s ) h a d b e e n a b le to p a y c a s h fo r the c a r, a n d w ith the ,£ 1 5 c h e q u e w h ic h th e M a y o r e s s w a s w a itin g to g iv e h im th e re w a s a b a la n c e in h a n d to c a r r y o n fo r a lit t le w h ile . M r. Y e o , M .P . fo r P o p la r , in p r o p o s in g a v o te o f th a n k s to the M a y o r a n d M a y o r e s s , s a id h e w a s m o re th a n p le a s e d at th e g o o d w o rk b e in g d o n e b y the m e m b e rs o f th e L im e h o u s e D iv is io n , S .J .A . B . I t sh o w e d th a t the p e o p le o f th e E a s t - e n d re c o g n is e d th a t th e y h a d e a c h g o t a p a rt to p la y in th e w a r a lth o u g h th e y w e re n o t in th e f ir in g lin e . S ir W illia m R o b e r t so n , C h ie f o f th e S t a ff o f th e A r m y , h a d s a id th a t 7 5 p e r ce n t, o f the w o rk c o n n e c te d w ith th e w a r w a s b e in g d o n e b y th e p e o p le at h o m e . T h e E a s t - e n d h a d be en d o in g its p a rt a n d w a s g o in g to c o n tin u e d o in g so. L o n d o n h a d b e en d e c la re d to be in the w a r zo n e, so th a t it w a s q u ite n e c e s s a ry to b e p r e p a re d fo r a n y e m e rg e n c y , a n d a s th e re w a s s t ill a p ro s p e c t o f f u rth e r a ir r a id s it w a s q u ite lik e ly th a t the m o to r a m b u la n c e w o u ld be re q u ire d .

W. H. W I N N Y ,

Deputy- Commissioner. Headquarters :— St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. IM P O R T A N T

N O T IC E .

D iv is io n a l S e c r e ta r ie s a re re q u e s te d w h e n s e n d in g n e w s p a p e r c u t t in g o f t h e ir m e e tin g s , e tc., to g iv e the d a te o f p u b li c a t io n o f th e n e w s p a p e rs .— E ditor .

No. 37 (G.W.R y .) Division.— On December 12th Frank

N o. 4 D is tr ic t.

L iverpool .— A t the q u a r t e r ly In t e r - D iv is io n a l m e e tin g h e ld in N o v e m b e r, a v e r y in t e re s tin g le c tu re w a s d e liv e r e d b y M r . F . C . L e w is ( L iv e r p o o l U n iv e r s it y ) o n “ T b e P r in c ip le s U n d e r ly in g th e U s e o f A n t is e p t ic s .” T h e r e w a s a la r g e a n d a p p r e c ia t iv e a u d ie n c e , a n d the le c t u re r w a s re q u e s te d to g iv e f u rth e r a d d re s s e s o n the s u b je c t. C o r p o r a l M o r r is o f th e L iv e r p o o l D iv is io n h a s, o n the re c o m m e n d a tio n o f the A d m ir a lt y , a n d in r e c o g n it io n o f h is s e r v ic e s b e e n a d v a n c e d to th e r a n k o f S e rg e a n t.

December, 1917.

— F I R S T

M a n c h e s t e r . — W e h a v e re c e iv e d a c o p y o f the a n n u a l r e p o rt o f th e M a n c h e s t e r S p e c ia l C o n s ta b le s C o r p s , w h ic h r e v e a ls th e p r o g r e s s iv e c h a ra c t e r o f the D is t r ic t ; it c o m p ris e s a m e m b e rs h ip o f 68, w h ic h in c lu d e s m e m b e rs w ith s ix la b e ls , 29 m e d a llio n s a n d 4 v o u c h e r s a n d 28 F .A . ce tific a te s . In a d d it io n , 51 m e m b e rs o w n the H o m e N u r s in g a n d 22 the M ilit a r y S a n it a r y c e rtific a te , w h ile 19 m e m b e rs h a v e th e t rip le q u a lif ic a t io n in F .A ., H o m e N u r s in g a n d M ilit a iy S a n ita tio n . T h e D v is io n is e m b o d ie d a s a V . A . D . , a n d d u r in g th e y e a r h a s p a ra d e d 1 7 7 tim e s a n d h a s a s s is te d in the t ra n s p o rt o f n e a r ly 14,0 0 0 c a se s. In a d d it io n to the a b o v e w o rk m e m b e rs h a v e d e v o te d a p o rtio n o f t h e ir le is u r e to H o s p it a l O r d e r ly D u t ie s at th e lo c a l M ilit a r y H o s p it a l.

N o. 5 D is tr ic t. L e e d s . — T h e a n n u a l m e e tin g o f the C e n t ra l D iv is io n w as h e ld a t th e h e a d q u a r t e rs o n N o v e m b e r 13th . A m b u la n c e O ffic e r M . C . C o o k p re s id e d , a n d c o n g r a tu la te d the m e m b e rs u p o n the q u a n t it y a n d q u a lit y o f the w o tk d o n e d u r in g the y e a r. T h e t re a s u re r, C o r p o r a l W . A . O. S u tc liffe , re a d a v e ry s a t is fa c t o ry fin a n c ia l re p o rt, s h o w in g a s u b s t a n t ia l b a la n c e in h a n d . T h e s e c re t a ry , S e rg t. A . A b b o tt, s u b m itte d a re p o rt o f th e p r o g r e s s m a d e a n d w o rk d o n e d u r in g th e y e a r. T h e n u m b e r o f m e m b e rs o n th e re c o rd s h e e t w a s 122, o f th e se 6 7 w ere o n a c t iv e s e r v ic e a n d 55 in c iv il life . T h e fo rm e r w ere n e a r ly a ll n o w s e r v in g a b ro a d , a n d o n e m a n , P r iv a t e J . W . E llio t , h ad lo s t h is life in h is c o u n t ry ’s c a u s e . T h e m e n at h o m e w ere a ls o d o in g a la r g e a m o u n t o f u s e fu l p u b lic w o rk . T h e y h a v e re n d e re d firs t a id in a la rg e n u m b e r o f a c c id e n t s a n d h a v e b e en a c t in g a s w a rd o r d e rlie s on S a t u rd a y s a n d S u n d a y s t h r o u g h o u t th e y e a r a t th e E a s t L e e d s M ilit a r y H o s p it a l, a n d h a v e m a d e a n a g g re g a te o f 1 ,3 7 4 a tte n d a n c e s. T h e m e m b e rs h a v e a ls o a s s is te d in r e c e iv in g a n d c le a r in g c o n v o y s o f w o u n d e d m e n at th e s a m e h o s p ita l, a n d h a v e a n a tte n d a n c e o f 584. T h e re p o rt c o n c lu d e d w ith the h o p e th a t th e m e m b e rs o f the d iv is io n w o u ld c o n tin u e to d o a ll th e y c o u ld to “ c a r r y o n ” fo r th e d u r a t io n o f the w a r.

N o.

D is tr ic t.

. — T h e a n n u a l in s p e c t io n o f the T r e h a r r is D iv is io n to o k p la c e o n D e c e m b e r 8th at th e D r i l l H a ll, the d iv is io n w a s u n d e r th e c o m m a n d o f A m b u la n c e O ffic e r W . A . C o o p e r, a n d the in s p e c t io n w a s m a d e b y the A c t in g D is t r ic t O ffic e r B . E . M a b e r ly , o f C a rd iff, w h o m a d e a th o ro u g h e x a m i n a t io n o f th e w h o le d iv is io n , a n d a fte rw a rd s c o m p lim e n te d the m e n u p o n t h e ir s m a rt tu rn o ut. M r . M a b e r le y g a v e so m e v e ry u s e fu l h in ts o n firs t a id , a n d s p o k e o f th e re a l n e c e s s it y o f k e e p in g th e m s e lv e s e ffic ie n t. T

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N o . 12 ( I r is h ) D i s t r i c t . D e p u t y C o m m is s io n e r J o h n L u m s d e n , M .D . , K n ig h t o f G ra c e , h a s g o n e to F r a n c e fo r th re e m o n th s a n d is w o r k in g in N o . 8 3 ( D u b lin ) G e n e r a l H o s p it a l. M is s M u r ie l P o e L a d y D is t r ic t O ffic e r, w h o h a s r e c e n t ly b e e n m a d e L a d y o f G ra c e , h a s b e e n in F r a n c e s in c e A u g u s t w o r k in g a s a V . A . D . M is s P o e , w e h e a r, h a s h a d v e r y e x c it in g e x p e rie n c e s , a s th e to w n w h e re s h e h a s b e e n w a s f re q u e n t ly bom bed. M is s E . F . B la n d fo r d , L a d y D is t r ic t O ffice r, h a s ju s t r e tu rn e d fro m F r a n c e w h e re s h e h a s b e e n w o r k in g fo r s e v e n m o n th s. T h e “ O u r D a y ” F u n d , o p e n e d b y th e I r i s h T im e s h a s b e e n a h u g e s u c c e s s , ,£ 39 ,8 8 0 8s. 8d. h a v in g b e e n c o lle c te d to d a te . T h e w h o le d is t r ic t h a s w o rk e d m a g n ific a n t ly to w a rd s its s u c c e s s , d is t r ic t , c o r p s o ffic e rs , d iv is io n a l s u p e rin t e n d e n ts , o ffic e rs a n d m e m b e rs a ll w o r k in g as o n e , b u t it is to th e d e p u ty c o m m is s io n e r , w h o a c t in g a s c h ie f o rg a n is e r , the g re a te s t c r e d it is d u e , a s u p to th e tim e h e w e n t a w a y h e w o rk e d u n c e a s in g ly to a w a k e p u b lic in te re s t in th e F u n d . D r . J o h n L u m s d e n , D ir e c t o r - in - C h ie f o f the J o in t V . A . D . in Ir e la n d , w a s e n te rta in e d to d in n e r at th e G re s h a m H o t e l r e c e n t ly b y th e o ffic e rs o f th e A m b u la n c e a n d N u r s in g D i v i

A I D . —

s io n s o f th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e o n th e e ve o f h is d e p a rtu re fo r F r a n c e . T h e r e w ere 1 3 0 n a m e s o n th e d in n e r lis t, D r . a n d M r s . L u m s d e n b e in g th e p r in c ip a l g u e sts. O th e r g u e s ts in c lu d e d th e R ig h t H o n . M r . J u s t ic e R o s s , P .C ., w h o p re s id e d ; S ir H e n r y B la k e , G .C .M .G . ; S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l S ir R ic h a r d F o r d , K .C . M . G . , D .D . M . S . ; L ie u t e n a n t - C o lo n e l G o ld s m ith , C o p t a in S c o b e ll, a n d M r . H e n r y M c L a u g h in . F o llo w in g the to a st o f “ T h e K in g , ” M r . J u s t ic e R o s s p r o p o se d the to a st o f th e g u e s t o f th e e v e n in g , D r . L u m s d e n . In p ro p o s in g th e to a st, J u d g e R o s s re fe rre d to th e g re a t s e r v ic e s w h ic h n r. L u m s d e n h a d re n d e re d to th e c a u s e o f th e R e d C ro s s , n o t o n ly d u r in g the p re s e n t c r is is b u t a ls o lo n g b e fo re th e w a r b ro k e o ut, in m a k in g e ffe c tu a l p r e p a ra t io n fo r s u c h a c a ta s tro p h e . O n the d a y th a t w a r w a s d e c la r e d D r . L u m s d e n w a s a b le to o ffer a la r g e c o n tin g e n t o f t ra in e d a m b u la n c e m e n to the W a r O ffice fo r s e r v ic e at the fro n t. T h e c h a ir m a n a ls o re fe rre d in v e r y fe e lin g te rm s to th e h ig h e ste e m a n d a ffe c tio n w ith w h ic h D r . L u m s d e n w as re g a r d e d b y a ll th o se a s s o c ia te d w ith h im in h is w o rk . D r . L u m s d e n , in r e s p o n d in g , w a s r e c e iv e d w ith p r o lo n g e d a n d e n t h u s ia s t ic c h e e rs . H e s p o k e o f th e u n s w e r v in g lo y a lt y a n d s u p p o rt w h ic h he h a d r e c e iv e d fro m a ll m e m b e rs o f th e B r ig a d e , a n d to the h a r m o n io u s c o - o r d in a t io n a n d z e a lo u s w o rk o f th e R o y a l B r it is h R e d C r o s s S o c ie t y , w h ic h , w ith the St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e , h a d fo rm e d th e J o in t V . A . D . s in c e th e y e a r 1914.

R a d ic a l Joints. T h e E d ito r in v ites N otes on a ctu a l Cases— w ith special reference to goea a n d bad boints in Treatm ent— fo r inclu sion in th is Colum n.

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A y o u n g g i r l w a s r id in g a c y c le d o w n a h ill m a rk e d “ d a n g e r o u s ” — w h e n s h e lo s t c o n t ro l o f h e r m a c h in e . A F ir s t - A id e r d r iv in g a t ra p u p th e h ill sa w h e r c o m in g to w a rd s h im at a t e r r ific p a ce . R e c o g n is in g th e p e r il to w h ic h th e g ir l w a s e x p o se d , h e ju m p e d fro m h is tra p , a n d s ta n d in g s id e w a y s lifte d h e r sa fe [a n d s o u n d o ff th e s a d d le a s sh e p a s s e d h im . T h e c y c le c r a s h e d in to a w a ll at th e b o tto m o f th e h ill N . B . — T h e p r im e o b je c t o f F ir s t - A id is p r e v e n t io n o^ in ju r y , w h ic h in t h is c a s e w a s a c c o m p lis e d b y resourcefulness b a se d o n discrimination.— J . A . H ., L e ic e s te r .

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A n e ld e r ly m a n , c r o s s in g th e ro a d n e a r V ic t o r ia S t a t io n , w a s k n o c k e d d o w n b y a c a b a n d s u s ta in e d a f r a c t u r e o f th e le ft le g , which was a wooden one. A F ir s t - A id e r o b ta in e d a n e w b r o o m s tic k , e x e rc is e d h is resourcefulness, a n d m a n a g e d w ith a b o rro w e d sa w a n d o th e r to o ls to r e p a ir th e d a m a g e d w o o d e n le g so e ffe c tiv e ly th a t the o w n e r w a s a b le to p ro c e e d h o m e a s c o m fo r t a b ly a s u s u a l.— T . J ., C h a th a m .

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A m a n fe ll d o w n a n d b r o k e h is le g . N o o rth o d o x a p p l i a n c e s b e in g a v a ila b le , th e le g w a s c a r e f u lly fix e d u p w it h improvised material— s p lin t s , b a n d a g e s a n d p a d d in g , m a d e fro m fe n c in g , c a n v a s , g ra s s , & c . A n a m b u la n c e w a s s e n t fo r, a n d w h e n the p a tie n t w a s b r o u g h t to it th e m a n in c h a r g e o f a m b u la n c e p ro c e e d e d to c h a n g e a ll th e d r e s s in g s a n d p u t th e le g u p in a p ro p e r (?) m a n n e r w ith th e m a te ria l fro m h is e m e rg e n c y ca se . N B . — T h i s c a s e is a g o o d e x a m p le o f M e d d le s o m e F ir s t A id . T h e t a k in g d o w n a n d r e s e tt in g o f th e le g w a s c o n t r a r y to th e p a tie n t ’s b e st in te re s ts , s in c e it n o t o n ly delayed his removal to th e h o s p ita l, b u t w a s a ls o n o t free from danger, d u e to the in t e rfe r e n c e o f th e A m b u la n c e A t t e n d a n t .— F . A ., C a n o n b u ry .

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AM BULANCE

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Lady P erro tt’s V isit to No. IV. District. During October Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady Superinten dent-in-Chief, visited No. 4 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade, accompanied by Miss Mylne, her Staff Officer. On arrival at Rochdale on the 8th October, they were met by Lady Royds, Lady of Grace of the Order and Patroness and Treasurer of the St. John Auxiliary Hospital there, and Mrs. Tweedale, Lady District Superintendent No. IV. District and Commandant of this hospital, who accompanied Lady Perrott through the District. At the St. John Hospital, Rochdale, where there are at present 320 patients, Lady Perrott was presented with a beautiful bouquet of red roses, and given a hearty welcome to No. IV. District. Afterwards the Castleton House Hospital was visited, where there are 100 patients. On the morning of the 9th, the party left Rochdale by motor, and visited the Auxiliary Hospitals at Radcliffe (where Dr. and Mrs. Scarr received them), Bolton, Darwen and Haslingden, where they were shown the splendid electrical apparatus installed in the hall and worked by Dr. and Miss Harrison. The latter is a trained masseuse, and has two V . A Ds. working under her. It is due to Dr. and Miss Harrison’s enthusiasm that this most exceptionally good electrical department has been established, where most valuable work is being done. Subsequently Baxenden was visited. Dr. Clegg, to whom a great deal of the admirable arrangements in the hospital are due, received the party. From there on to Clitheroe, and Windermere. Early next morning the journey was continued to Lingholm Hospital, Keswick, of which Lady Rochdale is the Commandant, and where there is accommodation for 20 officers. Afterwards to the Stranmongate Hospital, Kendal, where there are 100 patients. Here Miss Collinson, the Commandant, entertained the party at luncheon, after which a visit was paid to the Auxiliary Hospital at Lancaster, where Miss Garnett is in charge, and also to Morecambe and Preston. At the Moor Park Hospital, Preston, they were joined by W. S. Woodcock, Esq , Acting Deputy-Commissioner No. IV. District, and were welcomed by Lady Hollins, President of the Voluntary Aid Association and Mrs. Howard, Lady Corps Superintendent, Preston Corps, and Matron at the hospital. After visiting the hospital, they were entertained by Lady Hollins, and inspected the Nursing Divisions of the Preston Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, in the Town Hall, in the evening, the Mayor and Mayoress being present. Next day Southport was visited, where they were re ceived by the Commandant, Mr. Parkinson, the District Treasurer, Mr. Clere Lees, Mr. Cockroft, the Chairman, and Mr. Willett, Treasurer. Here there are two St. John Hospitals, “The Grange” and “ Woodlands,” accommodating some 550 patients, and together making one of the largest V.A.D. Hospitals in England. After calling at “ The M yrtle ” V'A.D . Hospital at

A T

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G A Z E T T E .—

Decem ber, 19 17.

Liverpool, where she received a hearty welcome from Dr. and Mrs. Cairns, Lady Perrott returned to London, well pleased with the work which is being done in the District by the various Nursing Divisions, and sincerely gratified at everything she had seen.

The G enesis of th e Indian Branch of th e S.J.A.A. By Lieut.-Col. A. C. Y A T E , F R G S , F R.H ist.S oc When I resigned, in 1910, the appointment of Honorary Commissioner for India of the St. John Ambulance Associ ation, I was under the impression that the Annual Reports of the Order contained all that was necessary to say about the origin and foundation of the Indian Branch. I find, however, that this is not so. It must by no means be forgotten that, prior to the appointment of an Hon. Organising Commissioner in India, both individual enterprise in that Empire and per sons deputed by St. John’s Gate had sporadically en deavoured to introduced the thin end of the Ambulance wedge. Surgeon-General Manley, V.C., Mr. Harold King (a brother of Sir Henry Seymour King), and Colonel Thomas Holbein Hendley (whose services to our Order and its Ambulance Department extend over a period of 40 years), are three who may be named as prime movers in this initiatory work. On the 10th June, 1897, occurred one of those N.W. Frontier incidents which wake up India and the sympathetic Mother Country with a start. The treachery of the MaddaKhel Waziris of the Tochi Valley obtained a temporary success at Maizar. The issue concerns us. One sentence from Captain Nevill’s* “ Campaigns on the N.W. Frontier” (John Murray, 1912) tells it:— “ All the British military officers (six) were wounded, two of them mortally ; but they all continued to carry out their duties and lead their men. Among them was the only surgeon present, badly wounded in the knee. Captain Browne, R.A., son of the well-known “ Buster Browne,”! had the brachial artery severed, and, unattended, bled to death. Thinking this incident over, I wrote to my cousin, Major-General J. C. Dalton, and asked him to put me in the way of promoting Ambulance study in the Indian Army. He kindly did so, and as long as I held the acting command of my regiment, I, aided by a medical officer who interested himself in my ideas, bad the regimental bandsmen taught first aid. Major-General J. C. Dalton nominated me one of his Esquires in 1898, and on my return to India in 1899 I found the opportunity, at the hill station at Dalt.ousie, of organising First Aid Classes for ladies and for officers and men of the Army. In this, Lady Morton (wife of the * C aptain N e v ill fell early in this w ar. + L ife o f G eneral J . J . M cL e o d In n e s, R . E . , M u rra y, 1905).

V .C . Jo h n

Decem ber, 1917. - F I R S T

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Adjutant-General of the Army in India), Colonel Green field (of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers), Majors Thomas Croker and Burnside, of the R.A .M.C., and many others, very kindly assisted me. I returned to England, very seriously ill, in October, 1899. I was by that time con vinced that India ought to have, like the self-governing Colonies, an Ambulance organisation of its own. I bided my time, however. I must mention that on July 10th, 1897, I wrote to Colonel (now General Sir Beauchamp) Duff, late Commander-in-Chief in India, then Military Sec retary to General Sir George White, and, drawing his atten tion to what occurred at the Maizar affair, asked his opinion about First Aid instruction in the Army. All thaj was usually taught at that time in regiments was almost farcical. Colonel Duff’s reply to my letter was as follows :— “ There is no doubt that your idea is perfectly feasible, and indeed it is already carried out in some regiments. I

JO H N

AMBULANCE

G A Z E T T E .—

Detention by ill-health in England throughout the year 1900 afforded that opportunity for maturing my scheme which in India could scarcely have been found. My first essay consisted in an address delivered in the Town Hall at Bath, in January, 1900, Colonel Sir Wyndham Murray, M.P., Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusa lem, presiding. This was succeeded by a pamphlet entitled “ The Knights Hospitallers and Ambulance Work in India,” which the Order of St. John was pleased to print and cir culate. Finally, on the 4th of May, 1900, I lectured on the same subject before the Royal United Service Institutiou, Ear! Egerton of Tatton, Chancellor of the Order of St. John, being in the chair. This was the very day on which the House of Lords held its debate on Mr. Ashmead Bartlett’s denunciatory re port on the medical service of the Army in South Africa, which had stirred Parliament, Press and people as they had probably not been stirred since October, 1854, when Mr. Sidney Herbert and Miss Florence Nightingale were simul taneously roused by the reports from the Crimea, respec tively to authorise and undertake work in memory of which their monuments now stand side by side in Waterlooplace. Shortly after this lecture before the R.U.S.I , the Order of St. John of Jerusalem was pleased, on the recommenda tion of Major-General J. C. Dalton, to appoint me a Knight of Grace and a member of the Central Executive Com mittee of it Ambulance Department. On 17th July, 1900, I submitted to the Chief Secretary of that Ambulance De partment a letter containing proposals regarding the creation of an Indian Branch of the St. John Ambulance Associa tion. I argued : If the state of affairs painted by Mr. Ashmead Bartlett could exist in the British Army, what would happen in the event of a great war in India, a country the medical resources of which were notoriously limited, and in which no Ambulance organisation existed ? I pointed out the keenness with which the Princes of India had organised Imperial Service Troops, including the admirable Jaipur Transport Corps which had done excel lent work in the famine, and I -contended that those Princes would similarly welcome Ambulance training.

( To be continued.)

D ecorations for N urses W orking in St. John H ospitals. M r.

C. J. T u n k s ,

Honorary Serving Brother oj the Order and Assistant Commissioner o f the Auckland D istrict o f the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas within the Dominion o f N ew Zealand. remember in particular one native regiment! inspected by the Commander-in-Chief during his last tour of inspection, in which, under the supervision of the Medical Officer and his hospital assistant, the bandsmen had been taught to apply the appropriate 1 First Aid ’ in each case, and the whole thing was excellently carried out. Undoubtedly what can be done in one regiment, can be done in all, if commanding and medical officers choose to interest them selves in the matter.” 1 T h e then “ B h opal B a tta lio n ,” the m ed ical officer b ein g C ol. A rth u r D an e, I .M .S .

Royal R ed C ross.— F irst

C la s s .

A n d e r s o n , C ., M r y t le A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, L iv e r p o o l B o e d d ic k , M r s . M ., H ig h b u r y A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, B ir m in g h a m M a th e r, S. E . , A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, Ilk le y , Y o r k s

Associates, R oyal Red Cross.— Second

lass

A lt o n , M r s . M rs . M . L ., H ig h b u r y A u x . H o s p ., B ir m in g h a m B a ile y , M is s M . ] ., A u x . H o s p it a l, A u g h t o n , L a n c s . B r ig g , M rs . F . L ., A u x . H o s p it a l, N o rt h w o b d , M id d le s e x B r o d e r ic k , M rs . M . B ., H o r n s e a , E . Y o k s . C a t c h e s id e , M r s . F . W ., A u x iiia r y H o s p it a l, T y n e m o u t h C h a p m a n , M rs ., W a lla c e f ie ld A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l. C le g g . M r s . E . M ., E lm f ie ld H a ll A u x . H o s p , A c c r in g t o n C o o k , M is s E . , R e c k it t s H o s p it a l, H u ll C o o p e r, M is s E ., L o rd s w o o d A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, H a r b o r n e C o r b it t , M is s L . G ., A u x . H o s p ., S a lt w e ll T o w e r s , G a te s h e a d C u t h b e rs o n , M is s M . S ., it h D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., S u n d e r la n d D a v ie s , M is s K . A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S o u t h a ll, M i d d k s e x E r r in g t o n , M r s . I., A u x . H o s p it a l, S h o t le y H o u s e , S h o t le y F a r m e r , M r. M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, K e t t e r in g

— F IR ST

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JOH N

f o t h e r g i ll , M is s A ., A u x . H o s p it a l, S t ra m o n g a te , K e n d a l. G a r fo r t h , M is s F . S.. A u x . H o s p it a l, S w illin g t o n H o u s e , L e e d s H a ll , M is s A . D ., A u x . H o s p it a l F ie ld E n d L o d g e , E a s t c o t e H a llid a y , M is s E . C ., A u x . H o s p ., R o y a l N a v a l H o s p ., H u ll H a n b y , M is s E . , 7 th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., B ra n c e p e t h C a s tle H a r r is o n , M is s M . B ., A u x . H o s p ., P u b lic H a ll, H a s lin g t o n . H o llin g w o r t h , M r s . J ., R o y a l N a v a l H o s p it a l, H u ll H o w a r d , M r s ., M o o r P a r k A u x . H o s p it a l P re s to n H u lle y , M is s C ., A u x . H o s p it a l, M e c h a n ic s ’ In s t it u t e A s h t o n u n d e r-L y n e J a c k s o n , M r s . E . C ., A u x . H o s p it a l, T h e T o w e rs , R a in h ill, L an cs. J o h n s t o n e , M is s M ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S p a ld in g H a ll, H e n d o n K in g , M r s . N ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, C la y to n , W a k e f ie ld M a g e e , M is s R . G ., A u x ilia r y H o s p it a l, S t r a b a n e , T y r o n e M a r r io t t , M r s . M ., A u x . H o s p ., L u t t e rw o r t h D c L a u g h lin , M is s J. M ., A u x . H o s p ., M a lv e r n , W o r c e s t e r M illa r , M r s . M . B ., is t D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., W h in n e y H o u s e M o o n , M is s C . F . N ., A u x . H o s p ., T h e B a r r a c k s , N o rm a n t o n O rm e , M r s . K . M ., A u x . H o s p ., B a r ra c lo u g h , C lit h e r o e O w e n , M is s N ., L o rd w o o d A u x . H o s p ., H a r b o rn e P ic t o n , M r s . M . E . , A u x . H o s p ., S u m m e rfo rd P a r k , C o n g le t o n P in c h a r d , M is s . M . B ., P r in c e s s C h r is t ia n ’s H o s p ., N o rw o o d P o llo c k , M is s L . P., G iffo r d H o u s e A u x . H o s p ., R o e h a m p to n R e e v e s , M r s . M ., R e s t S ta tio n , N o rt h a m p t o n . R o g e r s , M is s . E . L ., 1 1 th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., S u n d e rla n d R o s s , M is s . H . C . M ., L o v e r s a l H a ll, D o n c a s t e r S h o rt, M is s L ., G o ld e r s G re e n A u x . H o s p ., M id d le s e x S m ith , M r s ., C o n v a le s c e n t H o m e , S e a h a m S o a n s , M is s M .. A u x . H o s p ., F lo u n d e r s H a ll, A c k w o r t h S p it t a ll, M is s M . de H ., C h a rn w o o d A u x . H o s p ., L o u g h b o r o ’ S p u r g in , M is s E . E . , A u x . H o s p ., Is le w o r t h , M id d le s e x S w it h in b a n k , M is s G ., S o u t h a ll A u x . H o s p ., M id d le s e x T w e e d a le , M r s . E . , A u x . H o s p ., S u m m e rs -s tre e t, R o c h d a le W a lk e r , M r s . I. S ., 18th D u r h a m A u x . H o s p ., H e b b u r n W a lt o n - W ils o n , M is s A . C . E . , S h o t le y H o u s e A u x . H o s p ., S h o t le y W h it e , M is s E . S., O a k w o o d H a ll, R o t h e r h a m W e n t w o r t h S m ith T a y lo r , C ., S o u t h a il A u x . H o s p , M id d le s e x W y k e s m it h , M r s . M ., N o . 5 D u r h a m A u x . H o s p .

Military H ospitals.— D ecorations for V . A . D . N urses. L o n d o n Gagef/e, O c to b e r 2 4th , 19 17. R .R .C . 2n d

C lass.

C h a r t , J e s s ie A lic e , L o n d o n 108 F r y , W in if r e d , L o n d o n , 232 L lo y d , F r a n c is C . B ., B r is t o l 2 F o s t e r , E t h e l B ., L o n d o n 86

B rigade Services O verseas. D ear S ir,— Y o u m a y lik e to p u b lis h in y o u r J o u r n a l the fo llo w in g e x t r a c t fro m th e “ M a lt a G o v e r n m e n t G a z e t t e ” o f A u g u s t 30 th , 1 9 1 7 , w h ic h c o n ta in s the n a m e s o f th o se m e m b e rs o f the S t. J o h n A m b u la n c e A s s o c ia t io n a n d St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e O v e rs e a s w h o a re s p e c ia lly m e n tio n e d b y H i s E x c e lle n c y fo r v a lu a b le s e rv ic e s in c o n n e c tio n w ith the w a r. I n e e d n o t s a y th a t t h is r e c o g n it io n o f lo y a l s e r v ic e in the in t e re s ts o f h u m a n ity a n d th e S ta te g e n e r a lly , is v e ry g r a t ify in g to the m e m b e rs o f th e O r d e r o f St. J o h n a n d its d e p a rt m e n ts .— Y o u r s f a it h fu lly , Jas. C ecil D alton, M a jo r G e n e r a l, C h ie f C o m m is s io n e r St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e O v e rs e a s . N o v e m b e r 7 th , 19 1 7.

E x t r a c t from Malta Government Gizette as per Major General Dalton’s letter herewith: — Major H. A. Balbi, S.J.A.A. Extraordinary and valuable services as chairman S J.A A, and Superintendent St John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. -

D ecem ber, 1917.

Lieut.-Col. R. P. Samut, M.R.C.S., S J . A . A , valuable work as deputy chairman and examiner in the St. John Ambulance Association and corps surgeon in the St. John Ambulance Brig ide Overseas. Lieut. (T em p .C ap t) W. R. Gatt, Royal Malta Artillery, performed most valuable services in connection with the training of men for service as orderlies in hospitals. Helped Red Cross Units on their way to the Balkans. Rendered valuable services as Garrison Adjutant and Assistant Em barkation Officer at a time of great pressure. Lieut. (Temp. Capt.) A. J. Gatt, Royal Malta Artillery, important and valuable service in connection with the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade. Carried out his duties of Ordnance Officer in a most efficient manner. Mrs. C. Radcliffe, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, Chairman of the Ladies Executive Committee, in augurated and organised the whole of the work of the ladies associated with the B.R.C., and O.S.J., Malta, following branches largely due to her :— The ladies com mittee, accredited and visiting ladies at hospitals, landingstage workers, stores, packing room, entertainments ; has worked unceasingly and unsparingly to perfect every branch and with conspicuous success. Mrs. E. Bonavia, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, the inception of tea rooms for the wounded in Malta was due to the initiative of this lady, and without inter mission she has collected funds and given excellent personal service; these rooms have been of great service to the wounded and sick. Lady Micallef, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, valuable services in connection with the Dragonara Convalescent Hospital for officers and also in supervising the sewing department of the British Red Cross and Order of St. John. Marchesa Apap Testaferrata, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, worked unceasingly in her efforts to assist the wounded, nursed in hospital; assisted regularly at the landing stage ; a hospital visitor. Mrs. A. G Mifsud, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, Lady Superintendent of the Nursing Division, has done excellent work in organising and helping to train the lady nurses for service in the hospital; she displayed great tact and zeal in the performance of her delicate duties. Mrs. Young, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, excellent and extremely hard work for over 13 months in connection with welcome parcels issued to every man on arrival in hospital; she also distributed very large quantities of all kinds of literature. Mrs. R. Samut, British Red Cross and Order of St. John, good work done at the landing stage meeting patients off hospital ships; work often done under most trying conditions. Dr. A. V Bernard,S.J.A.A., lecturer and examiner and acting honorary secretary of the Association and sur-. geon of the Nursing Division in the Brigade ; responsible for the training of the lady nurses and the good work done by these ladies in the hospitals is in great measure due to him. Since the beginning of the war he has trained twelve classes ; cannot be too highly spoken of for his assistance. Dr. A. Marras, Civil Surgeon, excellent sevices whilst attached to the Maltese Labour Corps ; invariably showed great tact and was very painstaking with all ranks. Dr. S. Ellul Grech. S J A.B., performed devoted ser vice with the Royal Army Medical Corps whilst employed as a civil surgeon with troops Mr. C. Tagliaferro, S.J.A.B., held the position of corps secretary of St.John Ambulance Brigade, in which capacity

Decem ber, 1917.

— F IR ST

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he was employed on the staff of the Director of Medical Services and rendered services of no mean order in ob taining civil aid to assist the military when urgently required. Mr. V. Rizzo, S.J.A.A., Honorary Treasurer of the Association, he is a piominent and zealous supporter of the movement and has spent much time and labour in the per formance of his duries especially in connection with the efforts of the Association to raise funds during the war. O f the aforementioned, the following are members of the Brigade Overseas :— Lieut, (temp. Capt.) A. J. Gatf, Lieut, (temp. Capt.) R. W. Gatt, Major H. J. Balbi, Lieut.Col. R. P. Samut, M.R.C.S., Mrs, A. G. Mifsud, Mrs. R. Samut, Dr. A. V. Bernard, Dr. S. Ellul Grech, Mr. C. Tagliaferro.

JOHN

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE.

M ilb r o u g h M a r s h a ll, M is s P a r k e r V io le t J u lie , M is s C o lle tt . C y n t h ia M a r y , M is s O w e n .

F o r E nrolm ent as Honorary A ssocia tes: M a jo r C la y t o n F r a n c is H in g s t o n , I. M . S . S id n e y B re e , M .B ., M .R . C . S . , L . R . C . P . C o lo n e l A lf r e d S u tto n , C .M . G ., M . R . C .S ., L .S .A . H a r r ie t E d it h , M r s . D a n ie ll. L ie u t .- C o lo n e l J a m e s Y o u n g , M . D ., T . D . , R . A . M . C . ( T ) . M a jo r H a r r y W o o d b u r n B la y lo c k , B .A ., B .C . L . , C .A . M . C . M a jo r C la u d e G le n n o n B r y a n . C a p t a in F r a n c is W illo u g h b y G o y d e r , B .A ., M .B ., B .C ., F .R .C .S . C a p t a in J o s e p h v a n S o m e re n T a y lo r , L . R . C . P . E . , L . R . C . S . E , C a p t a in A la n D e e d B r u n w in , M .D ., R . A . M . C . C a p t a in F r e d e r ic k H a ll, M .B ., C h .B ., D . P . H . C a p t a in J o h n M o o r c ro f t M c C lo y , M .D . , D . P . H . C a p t a in C h a r le s E d w a r d B u tt e rw o rt h , M .B ., C h .B .

November 26th, 1917.

The Grand Priory of th e Order of the H ospital of S t. John of Jerusalem in England. Chancery o f the Order , St. fohn's Gate , Clerkenwell , London , E . C ., November is t, 1 9 17 . T h e K in g h a s b e e n g r a c io u s ly p le a s e d to s a n c t io n the fo llo w in g p ro m o tio n s in , a n d a p p o in tm e n ts to, the O r d e r o f the H o s p it a l o f St. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d :—

A s Knights of Grace : L ie u t .- C o lo n e l S ir W illia m S te w a rt D ic k - C u n y n g h a m , Bt. C o lo n e l T h e H o n . S ir A r t h u r L a w le y , G .C . S . I . , G . C . I . E . , K .C .M .G . T h e E a r l o f S t r a d b r o k e , C .B ., C .V .O . C o lo n e l S ir W illia m B o o g L e is h m a n , C .B ., F . R . S . , F . R . C . P . , L L .D ., K .H .P . W illia m K e r r G « o r g e (fro m E s q u ir e ) . H a r o ld K e n n e d y .

A s Ladies o f Grace : A m y F r a n c e s , M r s . P o rte r. M a r y F r a n c e s , M rs . G . A . K u h r in g . M in n ie R o s s , M rs . G . A . G ra h a m . M r s . E r n e s t S tu a rt. M u r ie l G la d y s , M is s Pcie. C h r is t ia n M a u d , L a d y G a it.

A s E s q u ir e s : C a p t a in H e n r y M e ik la m P re s c o t t H e w e tt. W illia m H e n r y L o v e r in g . C a p t a in R e g in a ld V a n d e r b ilt H a r r is . M a jo r T h o m a s H o u s t o n , B .A ., M . D . M a jo r C h a r le s W illia m M e n e la u s H o p e , M . D ., B .S ., F . R . C . S .

A s Honorary Serving Brothers : C a p t a in W a lt e r E r n e s t C o e , L . D . S . , R . C . S . L ie u t . L e s lie S te w a rt E g e r t o n H in e .

A s Honorary Serving Sisters : A n n e B e a d s m o re , M is s S m ith , R . R . C . R o s ly n M a r y , M is s C a r r . C la r a A n n M a r g a r e t , M is s C o a te s . F lo r e n c e M a r y , M is s P o c h in . A g n e s , M is s F r a n k lin . F lo r e n c e , M is s M c F e r r a n . L i l y E t h e l, M is s B e d fo rd . M a r g a r e t H e u d e b o u r c k , M is s B a lla n c e . J e s s ie M a b e l H a g u e , M is s E m s le y . M a r y G w la d y s , M is s J o h n . T e r e s a , M is s K in g .

A s K nig h t o f Justice (from K nig ht o f Grace ) : H is

G ra c e T h e G .C .V .O .

D uke

D e v o n s h ir e ,

K .G .,

G .C . M . G . ,

A s Knights o f Grace: S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l T h o m a s M a r t in C o r k e r , C .B ., M . D . , K . H . P . , A .M .S . C o lo n e l C h a r le s W illia m E r n e s t D u n c o m b e . S ir R o b e r t J o h n K e n n e d y , K . C . M . G . L ie u t .- C o lo n e l R e g in a ld J a m e s C o p e C o t te ll, R . A . M . C . L ie u t .- C o lo n e l C la u d e K y d M o r g a n , C .M .G ., R . A . M . C . M a jo r J a m e s F it z g e r a ld M a r t in , C .M . G ., R . A . M . C .

A s Ladies o f Grace : S a r a h F a n n y , L a d y B o w a te r. V io le t J u lia , M is s B y r n e . R u t h , M r s . P it t R iv e r s . E liz a b e t h J a n e , M r s . W y v ill.

A s Honorary Ladies o f G ra ce: M a r g u e r it e M a r ie L o u is e F lo r e , L a B a r o n n e L e L a s s e u r . P a u lin e d ’ H a r c o u r t , L a C o m t e s s e d ’ H a u s s o n v ille .

A s Esquires. M a jo r F r e d e r ic k St. J o h n A t k in s o n . C a p t a in T h o m a s M o r le y R e e d .

A s Honorary Serving B rothers: B e r t r a n d N ig e l B o s w o r t h -S m it h , I. C . S . F r a n c is S u tto n P u n n e tt . M a jo r H e n r y J o c e ly n K e n n e d y W a llis .

A s Honorary Serving Sisters; B la n c h e , M r s . H u lt o n . M a r y , M r s . B e d a le . A d a , M rs . L e ig h . M a r y L o u is a , M r s . E llio t . P a u lin e , M is s P e te r. M a r y C o lb o rn e , M is s F is h e r , R -.R .C . H a t t ie O lle s o n , M is s L u c k ie . J e s s ie E ls ie , M r s . C a ld w e ll. F r a n c e s C a r n e g ie , M is s W e m y s s .

F o r Enrolment as Honorary Associates L ie u t .- C o lo n e l F r a n c is H o p e G r a n t H u t c h in s o n , I. M . S . A la n M a rte n s z M u r r a y , L . M . & S. G e o rg e R o b e r t T h o m s o n R o s s , M .A ., D . P . H . C a p t a in W illia m A r t h u r S p o n g , M .B ., R . A . M . C L ie u t .- C o lo n e l R o b e rt F r a z e r S t a n d a g e , I. M . S . M a jo r A lb e r t E l ij a h W a lt e r , I. M .S . A n d r e w P a s c a l F e r n a n d e z , L . M . & S. L ie u t . J u lie n A u g u s t e C o n s t a n t P ir a . A r t h u r D o u g la s P ric e . J u li a C a t lin , M r s . P a r k . M a r t h a , M rs . M u n ro e .

— F IR ST

T ypical By T h e Hon.

A ID

Brigade K ATH A R IN E

THE

ST.

JOH N

W ork. TH R IN G .

T h e following account of the progress of No. 76 (Lime house) Ambu'ance Division is in many respects typical of the spirit which pervades the units of the St. John Ambu lance Brigade. It is by no means generally appreciated that many of the members who are at work all day often spend a large portion of the night performing their selfimposed duties in connection with air raids in the streets or in the refuges to which the public flock on the first alarm. These duties are not such as attract notice, and very often no proper provision for food or rest is possible, but they afford an opportunity of rendering aid to fellow creatures in misfortune, and that is a sufficient induce ment. In 1915 Mrs. Green, the wife of the incumbent of St. Anne’s, Limehouse, attended the First Aid classes held in Westminster, and having passed the necessary examina tions, became a member of the (No. 9) Royal Borough of Kensington Nursing Division of the Brigade. • Mrs. Green was so strongly impressed with the importance of what she learnt and with the value of first aid work, especially amongst an industrial population, that she determined to see what could be done to make first aid known in Lime house. At that time there was no means of obtaining any trained assistance in case of accident anywhere in that great industrial district except from the few resident medical men, even then much reduced in numbers, very overworked and difficult to secure in a hurry. The London Hospital and Poplar Hospital are each about two miles distant, and there is no public means of conveying a patient to them except the hand police ambulance. The nearest St. John Brigade Divisions at Toynbee Hall, Whitechapel, with a section at Millwall, and at St. Mark’s, Victoria Park, are much too far away to be able to afford immediate assist ance in cases of emergency in Limehouse. There could therefore be no doubt that competent first aid would be an immense boon to the sufferers in the numerous acci dents which inevitably occur in a district where the majority of the inhabitants work daily in breweries, canning estabments and all the many trades which employ machinery. There are, of course, also many accidents in the docks, but the Port of London Authority have made provision for assistance to anyone in their employment who may be in jured. The question was, how could the demand for imme diate aid in case of accident be supplied, could any com petent men be found who could, and would, spare time from their scanty leisure to qualify themselves to help others in distress, others who in many cases had no claim upon them for help, beyond the great claim of Christian charity and brotherhood. Mr. and Mrs. Green determined, how ever, to try and make a start— they organised a class to which Mr. Carvell kindly undertook to lecture, twelve of those who attended passed the examination and soon proved themselves enthusiastic and energetic members of the Brigade, real propagandists, so convinced of the value of what they had learnt, and so anxious to use their know ledge for the benefit of their fellows, that, thanks to their own energy and Mr. Carvell’s continued teaching, they quickly secured enough members to be allowed to form a division (No. 76). Their first public experience came upon them very soon, and was trying and serious. The force of the explo

AM BULANCE

GAZETTE. —

D ecem ber, 191?.

sion at Silvertown in February, 19171 extended sufficiently to Limehouse to crack the church window, and it was at once realised that a terrible disaster had occurred some where. The officer in charge felt that help must be needed, and went directly to the Limehouse Police, who told him that there was not sufficient damage in that police district to necessitate any assistance and that the explosion was at Silvertown some four miles away. Mr. Marks started immediately on his bicycle with a well-filled haversack, telling the other nine members to follow as soon as they could with three stretchers and other appliances by whatever means was available. When he arrived at the bridge leading to the works, sentries were already posted with fixed bayonets, who stopped him not withstanding the red cross on his bicycle lamp, but when they saw the St. John Brigade brassard they hurried him on to the dock gates. Inside the gates were over 20 injured waiting till help could come to them ; he at once began bandaging and continued till he had used up all availabla supplies. The rest of the party followed by motor ’bus and found when they arrived at the scene of the catastrophe that every assistance was needed, and that the help of men with their knowledge was of immense value, and they all worked on at any form of relief that was required till be tween three and four o’clock next morning, wben everyone was ordered to leave as the authorities feared another ex plosion. Two members helped at Poplar Hospital prepar ing wounded for the surgeons, two others worked for some time with a doctor who arrived early on the scene and was extremely glad of help, others did stretcher work, in fact, anything useful, including getting the injured and alas, too often, the dead from under the ruins. Members of the Division have in the nine months since it was formed, attended some rso local accidents, serious and trivial. They have also done most useful work on the occasion of recent air raids The police apply to them for help from Bow, from Poplar, as well as locally. Several of the neighbouring firms, and even some more distant ones, allow the Division the use of their telephones, and send notices directly anything occurs, so that the officer in charge has sometimes received information before it reached the police. There are now over 45 members of the Division, 29 in uniform provided by themselves. They have repaid to the vicar the initial expenses, they have provided the Divi sion with haversacks and supplies ; all this either out of their own pockets or out of contributions from some of the firms having factories in the locality, who recognising the importance of the work, and that it is being efficiently and enthusiastically carried on, have contributed liberally towards the expenses. The members of the Limehouse Division are all working men, bakers, butchers, tailors, greengrocers, ship wrights, provision dealers, in fact, representatives of almost every trade in the district. They have little leisure and little spare money, but they have given liberally of what they have, and take immense pains to make themselves efficient. They are prepared willingly to give time and strength whenever the call comes to them for help to the suffering or to endeavour to save life. Is it too much to hope that their example may be followed and other equally efficient new Divisions formed to swell the number of those that have been working for so many years. If the original pupils are well 'selected, and become enthusiastic the object is attained, they will rapidly collect others likeminded round them. There are many men and women who are ready, perhaps even willing, to help in alleviating

D e cem b er , 1 9 1 7 ,

— F IR ST

A ID

THE

ST.

JOHN

the physical suffering they see in the world, only they have no means' of setting about it. Cannot the means be afforded them. At present the Limehouse Division covers a district of some three miles by four, thickly populated, and containing the many factories of numerous trades, and, as has been already stated, there is no public means of conveyance for the injured. Motors are kindly lent but are often not very suitable for the purpose in hand, perhaps not long enough for a stretcher case though most useful for a patient who can sit up. Hence, the Division has obtained a motor ambulance, which has been subscribed for locally, of this n s . was given by people who took refuge during several of the air raids on the premises of Messrs. Grubb & Co. and Messrs. Otter. The refugees wished to compensate their hosts in some way for the inconvenience and trouble they had caused; this was declined, but it was suggested that any contributions they might like to give would be gladly handed over to the 76 (Limehouse Division) in aid of the funds for supplying the much needed motor ambulance. In five nights ^ 9 was contributed in coppers, and 6s. was in farthings given on behalf of the little ones in their parent's arms. When these years of terrible destruction are over, we shall all have to work our hardest to construct, to re plenish the now empty stocks of the whole world. This means much use of machinery, often by inexperienced workers, and therefore many unavoidable accidents. Surely the ideal should be to have Brigade members in every street— above all, in every factory, competent to give immediate help. Perhaps this is too ideal, but after all the best work of the world is done by those who struggle to reach an apparently impossible ideal. Since the above was written a sufficient sum has been collected to allow of the purchase of a motor ambulance, which was formally handed over to the Division on Decem ber 8th by the Mayor of Stepney.

AM BULANCE

§9

GAZETTE. —

October issue of the G a z e tte with regard to mixed classes, it must be clearly understood that when permission is given for such to be held the examination must, in each case, be conducted as two separate classes.

V It is regretted that owing to an oversight the list of St. John Nurses mentioned in dispatches, published in the last issue of the G azette, contained the names of 13 members of the British Red Cross Society. * * * During the month two Men’s and two Women’s V .A .D .’s have been registered, with a total stregth of 142.

V The following addresses may be found useful to our readers :— T h e H e a d q u a r t e r s o f th e J o in t W a r C o m m itte , 8 3, P a ll M a ll. A m o n g d e p a rt m e n ts w h ic h a re a c c o m m o d a t e d a t th is a d d re s s a re th o se o f the C e n t r a l J o in t V . A . D . C o m m itte e , S t o re s a n d T r a n s p o r t , T r a in e d N u r s e s , T r a v e llin g a n d P a s s p o rt s . T h e C e n t ra l P r is o n e r s o f W a r C o m m itte e , P la c e , S .W . 7. T h e C e n tra l W o rk ro o m s , R o y a l A c a d e m y , H o u s e , P ic c a d illy .

4, T h u r lo e B u r lin g t o n

Medical Stores, 10, South Crescent, Store Street, W.C. 1. W o u n d e d a n d M is s in g , 18, C a r lt o n H o u s e T e r r a c e , S . W . i . W o m e n ’s J o in t V . A . D . D e p a rt m e n t , D e v o n s h ir e H o u s e , P ic c a d illy , W . 1. St. J o h n W a r e h o u s e , fo r H o s p it a l S u p p lie s .— A d d r e s s C h a ir m a n . 56, St. J o h n ’s S q u a re , E . C . 1. St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e D e p o t.— A d d r e s s S u p e r in te n d e n t, H a lk y n H o u s e , B e lg r a v e S q u a re , S .W .

* *

Notification classes :—

has

been

received

the

following

Home N u rsin g ( Women).

N otes

and

N ew s.

The official First Aid Film is now nearing completion, and though some time must elapse before it can be ex hibited owing to the difficulty in getting anything done during the war, it is hoped that it will make its appearance early in the new year. The preparation of the film has only been rendered possible at the present time by the enthusiasm of certain members of the Metropolitan Police Force, the G.W. Rail way Centre, the St. John’s Gate No. 1 Ambulance Division, and East Ham No. V III. Nursing Division, S.J.A.B., who have devote a great deal of their leisure to ensuring that it may be as perfect as possible. * * * Sergt. Hanmer, S.J.A.B., has been appointed official demonstrator to the Association and will commence his lecturing tours to exhibit the film as soon as it can be completed. Copies will be available for purchase or hire from the Stores Department. * * * Owing to the interest which has been evinced in first aid in the 68th Welsh Division, a Centre of the Association has been formed therein for the duration of the war, * * * W ith reference to the n ote w hich app eared in the

College for Working Women, Fitzroy-square, W. 1. Monday, January 14th, at 8 o’clock. Hon. sec , Miss Martin. Church House, Barnet, hon sec., Miss B. H. Webber, Hadley Bourne, Barnet, Herts. Wednesday, January 23rd, at 2.30 p.m. 41, Tothill-street, Westminster, Friday, January 4th, at 11 a.m. Hon. sec., Miss Baddeley, 87, Cadogan-gardens, S.W. 3. King’s College for Women, Camden Hill-road, K en sington, W., January 28th, at 5 p.m. Hon. sec., Miss Baddeley (as above.

F ir s t .A id ( Women). Walthamstow, 112, High-street, January 16th. Hon. sec., Miss Parry. Eustace Miles Restaurant, Chandos-street, Strand. Thursdays, 6.30, commencing, January 3rd. Hon. sec,, Miss Baddeley (as above).

F ir s t A id (M en ).j St. John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. 1. Tuesdays at 5 o’clock, commencing early in January. Hon. sec, Mr. Pearce. Eustace Miles Resturant, Chandos-street, Strand Thursdays at 6.30, commencing January 3rd. Hon. sec. Miss Baddeley (as above).

9®

—

CO N TENTS

T H IS

F I R S T

A I D . —

Decem ber, 1917.

a splendid one.

NUM BER.

The Red Cross banner can now fly over

public schools in the U.S.A., for the children are to make

E ditorial —

hospital requisites, learn first aid, and practical relief work

T h e N e c e s s it y o f F ir s t A id

...

D istrict R eports —

of all kinds.

The principles of Red Cross work are taken

...

very broadly, and include for instance, such service as lunches for undernourished children, to be prepared by

N o . 5 ; N o . I I ; N o . 12 ...

...

the school cooking classes, and the making of baby outfits

...

N o. 1 ; No. 4

...

Practical P oints —

for the local poor as well as for the children of the war

P r e v e n t iv e F ir s t A id

...

R e s o u r c e f u l F ir s t A id

...

M e d d le s o m e F ir s t A id

...

zones. * * * O

T he St . John ’s A mbulance G azette — L a d y P e rr o t t ’s V is it to N o . I V . D is t r ic t

...

readers may not be aware that V A D. mem

bers when requiring hospital

treatment, are sent

Hospital,

Vincent-square,

Hospital;

the

Queen

T h e G e n e s is o f th e In d ia n B r a n c h o f the S .J . A . A . . . .

M r. C . J . T u n k s

Westminster;

D e c o r a t io n fo r N u r s e s W o r k in g in St. J o h n H o s p it a ls

Free

Hospital.

B r ig a d e S e r v ic e s O v e rs e a s

sent

time

...

T h e G r a n d P r io r y o f the O r d e r o f the S t. J o h n o f J e r u s a le m in E n g la n d

...

H o s p it a l o f ... ...

Alexandra

St.

Thomas’s

the

Royal

We are sorry to hear that at the pre

there

are

cent-square.

V.A.D.

flowers

fruit

and

either

two

very

sick members at Vin

members

spare

will

the be

country glad

with know

T y p ic a l B r ig a d e W o r k ...

...

where they can be sent for the benefit of their invalided

N o te s a n d N e w s

...

sisters.

...

the Women

P r e c a u tio n A g a in s t G a s B o m b s ...

...

auxiliary thereto for their unfailing courage and endur

B r e v it ie s III.

...

U s e a n d A b u s e o f D is in f e c t a n t s ...

Q ueries and A nswers to Correspondents — F ra c tu re o f H u m e ru s

...

P r o t e c t io n A g a in s t G a s B o m b s

...

F e r m u r a n d R 'b s ...

A s p h y x ia a n d F r a c t u r e of R ib s

...

C o m m in u t e d F r a c t u r e o f J a w

...

terms of the resolution of thanks to women

h e

passed by the House of Commons were as follows :—

E le c t r ic S h o c k a n d F r a c t u r e o f

U s e s o f Io d in e

V T

B revities.

That the thanks of the House be given . . . in

the

Medical

and

other

Services

ance amid sufferings and hardships unparalled in the history of war, and for their loyal readiness to continue the work to which they have set their hands until the liberty of the world is secure.

L ord

K n u t s f o r d ’s

letter to

The Times about in

equalities in the bestowal of honours only illustrates what T

annual report of the Commissioner of Police for

was said in an article in the September number of the R ed

the Metropolis, issued at the end of last month, states that

Cross

the force is 2,212 below the authorised strength of 22,353.

sure that consultation with the hospital authorities would

During the year seven attacks were made on the metropolis

not, on the whole, increase them.

by enemy aircraft.

persons, including a

because equality in one hospital might easily result in in

chief inspector of the C.I. Department, were killed, and

creasing the aggregate inequality throughout the country.

many injured by explosive and incendiary bombs.

Some

number of

Great

assistance was afforded the Force on these occasions by

Inequalities are inevitable, and we are not at all We say “ on the whole ”

hospitals would ask for a number of Royal

Crosses out of all proportion to what was possible.

the St. John Ambulance Association, the British Red Cross

would be more moderate.

Society,

Persons

would be decorated, and in other

and in

nothing.

and the Voluntary Aid Detachments.

killed in the street by vehicles numbered 833 jured

22,091, compared with 851

and

the Red

November

21st

Cross and the Order

St.

John

exceeded

the sum of ^8,000,000.

m e r ica n s

h e

worker of

idea of a distinctive ribbon for every woman a certain standing

another matter.

V.A.D.

hospitals

The objection to it is that it would so

greatly multiply the number of ribbons. hand, roughly speaking, a shirker,

V A

the sister would get

The Times Fund on behalf of

Thus in some cases the cook

* *

25,867 in 1915

and 639 and 25,470 in 1914. * * *

Red

Others

On the other

whether military or

civilian, never gets any medal or ribbon; and it is very

always think of sound schemes, and their

understandable that whatever divides the sheep from the

idea of forming a “ Junior Auxiliary of the Red Cross,” in

goats in the younger generation should be coveted by the

order to enlist the help of school children in war work,

sheep.

—

D ecem ber, 1917.

III.

U se an d

A buse of

F I R S T

A I D .

—

c ess ; but they are most effectual when combined with heat and moisture.

D isin fecta n ts.

F o r m a lin

Its activity is increased by heat

and moisture, but it requires exposure for several hours. Formaldehyde is pungent, extremely irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes, does not injure wall papers, colours or fabrics; but it produces harmful effects on leather and fur. Formalin is a 40 per cent, solution of the gas.

Hon. Surgeon Hampstead D ivision S .J.A .B . Author 0/ “ A ids to F irst-A id ,” “ A id s to Home Nursing,” &r*c. (Continued Dom page 60.) h e m ic a l s

otherwise known as Formaldehyde, is

is a valuable disinfectant.

M.B.. B.A., B.C., Cantab., M.R.C.S., Eng.

G as,

a soluble gas generated by oxidation of wood alcohol, and

B y N. C O R B E T F L E T C H E R ,

S u lp h u r G a s , obtained by burning Sulphur, is a soluble vapour which is less effective than Formaldehyde, and even in the presence of abundant moisture is often dis appointing in its results. It bleaches vegetable colours,

Chemical substances available for purposes of Disin fection include representatives of the three physical states of matter— gas, liquid and solid. The liquids and solids

AIR RAID,

rescue party.

B v courtesy]

[ A

-R

a id

escu e

r t ie s

are all soluble, usually dissolved in water and used in form of solutions. Some of the gases, also, may be dissolved in water and thus converted into liquids. (1)

a se s

Gases lack the power of penetration and are only suit able fo r surface disinfection , so that for efficient action all cupboards, drawers, &c., must tents spread out in the room. diffusible, especially indicated walls and ceilings), and can crevices which might otherwise

be opened and their con Gases, however, are freely for inaccessible parts (e.g., pass into all cracks and escape the disinfecting pro

th e

o u th

Co-partnership Jou rn al. M

e t r o p o l it a n

attacks iron, and injures cloth and leather— practical points in the choice of a gaseous disinfectant. C h l o r i n e G a s is a soluble vapour made from Bleach ing Powder (Chlorinated Lime) by the inter-action of strong Hydrochloric Acid. It is a cheap and effective disinfectant, but is very pungent, irritating and irrespirable. It is a heavy gas and sinks to the ground, so that the con taining vessel, from which it is prepared, must be placed high up in the room. Chlorine bleaches colours, attacks iron, unless coated with vaseline, and injures cloth stuffs if long exposed to its action. T o avoid Abuse of these Gases as Disinfectants care

—

F I R S T

must be exercised in their choice and application. Thus, in addition to heat and moisture an absolute stillness of the air in the room is essential, since the process is one of surface disinfection. This is secured by pasting up not only the natural openings in the room (i.e., windows, chim ney, doors) but also all cracks and crevices (i.e., keyhole, &c.). Further, in cold weather the room should be pro perly heated, and, if the apparatus used does not secure free moisture, a basin of water should be kept boiling in the room before disinfection is commenced. Again, infected air should be removed by ventilation, since it is useless to attempt to disinfect it with gases which, to be effective, must be present for a prolonged period in quantities in compatible with human existence, Hence, saucers of pun gent disinfectant fluids or irritating vapours in the sick room are futile, a source of annoyance to the patient, and are only of service as deodorants. (2 )

iq u id s

A I D . —

limate— although most effectual both as disinfectant (1 in 1,000) and as antiseptic (1 in 2,000)— is in practice confined to the disinfection of the skin (especially the hands) and of glass and enamel utensils. Lastly, solutions of Corrosive Sublimate are without colour and odour, and might be mis taken for water. They are, therefore, kept under lock and key in a safe place, and are usually artificially coloured by the addition of Methyline blue, just as solutions of Car bolic Acid are similarly treated by way of contrast with Eosin, the dye of red ink. The practical limitations in the use of Corrosive Sub limate necessitate, as we have seen, care and discrimination lest abuse result. Further, even in the disinfection of the hands— for which purpose it is most widely employed— two important points require emphasis: ist. the hands must be clean ; and 2nd, all soap must be removed before immersing the hands in the disinfectant solution. White of egg is the chemical antidote.

(T o be concluded).

Chemical fluids vary in their power of disinfection, such variation depending on the temperature at which they act, the medium in which they are dissolved, the strength of the solution, the period for which they are exposed, and the number of germs present. obtained from coal tar oil, is a crystalline solid which becomes soft when exposed to air and can be dissolved in 1 5 parts of water. It is a powerful corrosive poison, available as disinfectant (1 in 20), as antiseptic (1 in 40), and also as deodorant. Used in these strengths it docs not injure colours or destroy fabric, metal or wood, and is largely employed fo r disinfection o f hands , instruments , bedpans. soiled linen , erv , Carbolic Acid exercises a depressant effect on the sensory nerves of the skin, which varies in intensity with the strength of solution used, from slight numbness and tingling of the part to a burn followed by blistering, and even by gangrene. C a r b o lic

Queries and Answers Correspondents.

A c id ,

T o prevent Abuse of Carbolic Acid, care must be taken in the preparation and use of diluted solutions. Thus, the strong acid must be well shaken up till the oily globules disappear, and hot water should always be used f o r dilution. Failing these steps, concentrated Carbolic Acid may collect at the bottom of the bottle. Again, if irritation or burn of skin results from use of too powerful solution, then the im mediate application of Alcohol or Tincture of Iodine will counteract these effects ; but, if these cannot be obtained at once, the injured part should be immersed in soap and water. Experimenting recently with strong Carbolic Acid, I found these methods effective, whereas a concentrated solution of Epsom-Salts failed completely to give any relief or prevent a burn. C o r r o s i v e S u b l i m a t e (Perchloride of Mercury) is a most powerful metallic poison and disinfectant, and is soluble in 16 parts of water. It is emphatically a corrosive poison, although its action— compared with tbe Corrosive Acids and Alkalies— is slower in onset and less intense in effect; for which reasons the immediate administration of an emetic in Mercurial Poisoning is urgently indi cated. Corrosive Sublimate corrodes metal. It must, there fore, be kept in glass, porcelain, or vulcanite vessels, and is not available for disinfection of metal instruments, hoppers, &c., which would be ruined by the consequent deposit of mercury. Further, it stains white fabrics, wood and light coloured paints ; and, if brought into contact with albu minous matter (e.g., blood, animal excreta, &c.), or with soap, it forms insoluble, inert compounds which rob it of its disinfectant power, For these reasons, Corrosive Sub

D ecem ber, 1917.

Queries w ill be dealt w ith under the /ollow ing rules :— 1 . — Letters containing Queries m ust be m arked on the top left hana com er of

the envelope “ Q u ery ,”

a n d addressed — F i r s t A i d ,

46, Cannon-street, London, E . C . 2. — A l l Queries m ust be accompanied by a “ Query Coupon ” cut jr o m

the curren t issue of the fo u r n a l, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue. 3. — Queries, accompanied by stamped answ ered by post.

r a ctu r e

addressed envelope,

w i ll be

u m er u s

W . G . ( L iv e r p o o l) — In s e c u r in g a fra c t u re o f m id d le o f h u m e r u s w ith o u t s p lin ts s h o u ld th e b a n d a g e s o v e r la p o r s h o u ld th e re be a s lig h t s p a c e b e tw e e n th e m ? T o c o n tro l a n d fix a fra c tu re , b a n d a g e s a re p la c e d above a n d below th e b r e a k . T h e r e f o r e , th e re m u s t be a s p a c e b e tw e e n the b a n d a g e s if th e y a re to d o t h e ir w o rk a c c u r a t e ly a n d e ffe c tu a lly .— N . C O R B E T F L E T C H E R .

r o t e c t io n

g a in s t

om bs

R . H . G . (M a n c h e s t e r ) a s k s if th e re is a n y n e w a p p a ra t u s d e v is e d to p ro te c t F ir s t - A id e r s fro m th e e ffects o f p o is o n o u s g a s c o n ta in e d in b o m b s d ro p p e d b y the e n e m y a ir m e n ' T h e o n ly a p p a r a t u s d e s ig n e d fo r t h is p u rp o s e , a s f a r a s I k n o w , is th e g a s h e lm e t, w h ic h so fa r h a s n o t b e e n a d o p te d fo r g e n e r a l u se a m o n g s t F ir s t - A id e r s , a lth o u g h so m e h a v e w o rn th e s h r a p n e l h e lm e t w h ils t o n stre e t d u t y d u r in g a ir r a id s on L o n d o n . R e fe r to Q u e r y b y E . T . (L o w e s t o ft ).— N . C O R B E T F

letc h er

r e c a u t io n s

g a in s t

om bs.

E . T . (L o w e s t o ft )— I am in fo rm e d th a t th e b o m b s u se d b y the G e r m a n s in t h e ir la t e r r a id s o n E n g la n d g iv e o ff m u s ta rd g a s. (1 ) W h a t a re th e e ffects o f t h is g a s ? (2 ) W h a t p re c a u t io n s w o u ld y o u a d v is e to m eet th is danger ?

D ecem ber

— F I R S T

19 17.

A I D . —

FIRST-AID

I DEX 0

I (U n£ Iodi M ■&'<V I

for

Uniforms and Equipment V ast m o d e rn fa c to ry re so u rc e s, a d d e d to a c e n t u r y 's e x p e r ie n c e , e n a b le s u s to s u p p l y F i r s t A i d a n d a l l o th e r S e r v ic e s w it h u n if o r m s a nd e q u ip m e n t of g u a r a n t e e d m a t e r ia ls , w o r k m a n s h ip a n d f in is h — a t p r i c e s t h a t c h a l l e n g e c o m p a r iso n w it h a n y o th e r c lo t h in g o f e q u a l q u a lit y . P r ic e s a n d

S a m p le s o n re q u e s t.

16,

N I L E

CITY

ROAD,

S T R E E T ,

LONDON,

N. 1.,

and at 6 , Y O R K P L A C E , L E E D S , and 8 4 , M ILLE R S T R E E T , GLASGOW .

BLAND

— IO D IN E

P A IN L E S S

D R E S S I N G .—

Aseptic.

IODEX has been supplied to]: h .M . F leet Su rgeon s, R .A .M .C . Surgeons, R ed C r o s s S u r g e o n s , Croix R o uge F rancalse

I O D E X is non-staining, non irritating F r e e Iodine of great penetrative power. It is a power ful absorbent and antiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflammation.

B e l g i a n F i e ld H o s p i t a l s , F r e n c h F i e ld H o s p i t a l s , N um erous M ilita ry H osp itals, M e m b e r s of St. John Am bulance.

I0DEX is sold in 1 oz. Pots, Price 1 /3 . I O D E X has benefited theJollowing and numerous other conditions. E n la r g e d G la n d s, G o itre . T u b e r c u lo u s J o in ts, B u rsitis, S y n o v itis, S e la tle a , N e u ritis , G o u t, R h eu m a to id A rth ritis, H y d ro e e le , P a ra sitic S k in D ise a se s. R in g w o rm , C h ilb la in s, A cn e , B o lls. M u m p s , S p r a in s , AND A L L IN F LA M M A T O R Y CO N D ITIO N S. L iteratu re

a p p lic a tio n

to —

M[enley & James, Ltd., 39LFoaNDONt0E.c?ad’ Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co. BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE TRADE. Latest

Naval, jYlilitaru and Civil Jailors and Sreeches JfEakers.

Pattern

SEND

FOR

Clothing & Equipment

Uniforms

Speciality.

P R IC E

L IS T

AND

PATTER N S

TO:

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co (FR ED

The West End House of Hazel & Co., as below, is exclusively devoted to the

Khaki

Contractors f o r : — St. John Am bulance Brigade; B ritish Red Cross, & c.; Officers and Privates; also for A rm y, Navy, Police and F ire Brigades.

EVANS,

Pro prietor,),

5, Clerkenwell Qreen, Farringdon Road, LONDON. E V Telephone— No. 2353 Holborn. Telegrams— “ Evans, Clerkenwell Green, London.

Officers of all Ranks and all Services, and the supply of High Grade Tailor ing

for

Gentlemen’s

Wear.

Best

SEND

U n ifo rm s

and

L iv e rie s.

t-----

, P R I N C E S

YOUR

ADVERTISEMENTS (L a rg e

materials and workmanship only at 'moderate prices.

o r

S m a ll)

for o n e P u b lic a tio n or m a n y , and w e w ill a r ra n g e for th eir in se r tio n at O ffice R a te s , th u s s a v in g y o u tim e and tro u b le.

S T R E E T ,

HANOVER SQ., LONDON, W. 1.

D A LE.

R E Y N O L D S

C O ..

L td .,

Advertising Contractors,

Catalogues on application.

46,

Cannon

S treet,

London,

E .C ,

— F I R S T

( 1 ) I t is d if fic u lt to s p e a k p r e c is e ly o n t h is m a tte r, a s the p o is o n s p re se n t v a r y w ith d iffe re n t b o m b s. T h u s , so m e b o m b s c o n t a in a n ir r it a t in g y e llo w p o w d e r w h ic h is a d e r iv a t iv e o f P ic r ic A c id a n d a llie d to T . N . T . F o r t h is the fre e a p p lic a t io n o f s o a p a n d w a te r is a d v is e d . O t h e r b o m b s g iv e o ff a g a s ( C h lo r id e o f T in ) w h ic h b u r n s th e s k in a n d sets u p in fla m m a tio n th e re o f, w h ile it is a ls o ir r it a t in g to m u c o u s m e m b ra n e s (e .g., e y e s , n o se , th ro a t, & c .). O t h e rs , a g a in , o m it a t o t a lly d iffe re n t g a s (S u lp h id e o f A lly l) , w h ic h is p o p u la r ly k n o w n a s “ M u s t a r d ” o r “ T e a r ' ’ g a s. I t c a n p e n e tra te c lo t h in g a n d h a s a m o st i r r i t a t in g e ffect on th e m u c o u s m e m b ra n e s a n d a ll m o is t p a rts (e .g ., a rm p its ), so th a t th e u se o f w a te r is m o st u n d e s ira b le . (2 ) U n d e r th e se c ir c u m s t a n c e s , th e g a s h e lm e t is th e b e st s a fe g u a r d w h e n th e b o m b h a s d ro p p e d . F a i li n g th is, k e e p the e y e s a n d m o u th a s f ir m ly c lo s e d a s p o s s ib le , b r e a t h in g th ro u g h a c lo th w ru n g o u t o f a s a t u ra te d s o lu t io n o f H y p o s u lp h it e o f S o d a . A v o id f in g e r in g a n y y e llo w p o w d e r a n d w e a r g lo v e s ( r u b b e r fo r p re fe re n c e ) if y o u h a v e to h a n d le fra g m e n ts o f b o m b s o r c le a r u p th e p o w d e r. B ru sh aw ay as m uch pow der a s p o s s ib le (a s w ith L im ie B u r n s ) b e fo re a p p ly in g w a te r to an in ju r e d p a rt, a n d d r e s s w ith a s o o th in g o in tm e n t, s u c h as b o r a c ic . — N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

E le ctr ic

S h ock

a n d

F r actu r es

F em u r

a n d

R ib s.

I. D . ( N o r w ic h ) . — A m a n , r e p a ir in g o v e rh e a d e le c t r ic w ire s, f a lls to th e g r o u n d c lu t c h in g liv e w ire a n d is fo u n d in a sta te o f to ta l C o lla p s e . F u r t h e r e x a m in a tio n s h o w s fra c r u r e o f the n e c k o f r ig h t fe m u r a n d s im p le fra c t u r e o f r ib s o n s a m e sid e . H o w s h o u ld I tre a t a n d p la c e o n s tr e t c h e r ? F ir s t , y o u s h o u ld cu t o ff th e e le c t r ic c u r r e n t o r re m o v e p a tie n t fro m c o n ta c t, a s la id d o w n in C a n t lie (p . 142). ■ S e co n d ly , y o u s h o u ld ta k e im m e d ia te ste p s to re sto re c o n s c io u s n e s s , p a y in g s p e c ia l a tte n tio n to th e b r e a t h in g a n d a d o p tin g , i f n e c e s s a r y , S ch a e fe r’s M e th o d c o m b in e d , if y o u lik e , w ith L a b o r d e ’s. T h e r e is lit t le o r n o r is k to r ib s o r lu n g , p r e s s u re b e in g m a d e o n s m a ll o f b a c k . T h ir d ly , y o u s h o u ld tre a t the f ra c t u r e d th ig h in th e u s u a l w a y , m a k in g th e a rm p it b a n d a g e s e rv e a s s u p p o rt fo r th e r ib s in p la c e o f the c u s t o m a r y tw o b a n d a g e s a d v is e d fo r th is fra c t u re . L a s t ly , y o u m u st p la c e th e a rm in a s lin g a n d re m o v e th e p a tie n t in re c u m b e n t p o s it io n a n d o n s tre tc h e r, a s la id d o w n in E x e r c is e I. (C a n t lie P- 174)B y th e w a y , I s u s p e c t th a t, in p ra c t ic e , the p re s e n c e o f th e se f ra c t u r e s w o u ld n ot b e d is c o v e r e d u n t il the p a tie n t h a d r e c o v e re d (in p a rt, at le a s t ) fro m h is “ to ta l c o lla p s e ” ! !

A ID .

—

D e c e m b e r , 19 1 7 . Uses o r Iodine.

M . (E d m o n t o n )— W h a t is th e a c t io n o f Io d in e ? (а) W h e n a p p lie d to a s e p tic w o u n d ? (б) W h e n a p p lie d to a w o u n d at the tim e ot a c c id e n t ? (e) W h e n p a in t e d o n a jo in t , e.g., fo r s y n o v it is ? (d) W h e n p a in te d o n b ru is e s , s p r a in s , &c. s k in (u n b r o k e n ) ?

Io d in e is a p o w e rfu l d is in fe c t a n t a n d ir r it a n t , a n d is a p p lie d e x t e r n a lly fo r th e se tw o p u rp o se s. (a ) a n d (b). A s a d is in fe c t a n t , T in c t u r e o f Io d in e p r o v id e s the q u ic k e s t , sa fe st, a n d m o st e ffic ie n t a p p lic a t io n in an e m e rg e n c y . T h e r e a re fo u r re a s o n s w h y it is in d ic a te d fo r a s e p tic w o u n d : (1 ) it is p r a c t ic a lly n o n -p o is o n o u s , a n d c a n be u s e d fre e ly ; (2 ) it is n o n - c a u s tic a n d d o e s n o t s e a r th e s u rfa c e o f th e w o u n d ; (3 ) it p re v e n t s g ro w th o f p u s -fo rm in g g e r m s ; a n d (4 ) it p ro d u c e s a m a rk e d a n d s u s ta in e d flo w o f b lo o d to the p a rt. T h e la s t re a s o n is the m o st im p o rta n t, s in c e th e re is a c o n s e q u e n t in c r e a s e d s u p p ly o f w h ite b lo o d c e lls w h ic h a re N a t u r e ’s p ro te c tiv e d r u g a g a in s t in fe c tio n . F o r th e se s a m e re a s o n s , Io d in e is e q u a lly v a lu a b le w h e n a p p lie d to a “ c le a n ” w o u n d at th e tim e o f th e a c c id e n t , a n d a c ts a s a p re v e n t a t iv e a g a in s t p o s s ib le in fe c tio n . A s a d is in fe c t a n t , Io d in e s h o u ld , if p o s s ib le , be a p p lie d to a w o u n d p r e v io u s ly d r ie d w ith s te rile o r a n t is e p t ic g a u z e a n d m u st be a llo w e d to d r y b y e v a p o ra t io n b e fo re th e d r e s s in g is a p p lie d . O th e rw is e , its ir r it a n t p ro p e rtie s w ill be e x c ite d . (c) a n d (d). R e p e a te d a p p lic a t io n s o f Io d in e b r in g o u t its ir r it a n t effects, w h ic h — b y re a s o n o f th e in t im a t e c o n n e c tio n b e tw e e n the s u p e r fic ia l a n d d e e p n e rv e s (re fle x n e rv o u s a c tio n ) — a re a c c o m p a n ie d b y c o rr e s p o n d in g c h a n g e s in th e d e e p e r tis su e s . I n o th e r w o rd s , Io d in e b r in g s a b o u t c o u n t e r - ir r i ta tio n , w h ic h is th e p ro d u c tio n o f a n a r t ific ia l c o n g e s tio n at o n e p a rt to o p p o s e a n d re m o v e , t h ro u g h t h is re fle x n e rv o u s a c tio n , a c o n g e s tio n a lr e a d y e x is te n t at th a t p a rt o r e ls e w h e re . T h u s , th e e x t e rn a l a p p lic a t io n o f Io d in e (1 ) to an in fla m e d j o i n t - te n d s to p ro m o te the a b s o rp tio n o f th e flu id w it h in th e j o i n t ; a n d (2 ) to a b ru is e , s p r a in , & c .— p ro d u c e s th e s a m e e ffect w h ile it f a v o u rs th e r e m o v a l o f a n y b lo o d e x u d e d at the pa rt. F o r fu r th e r p a r t ic u la r s re fe r to A r t ic le o n “ U s e a n d A b u s e o f S t im u la n t s ,” in M a y a n d J u n e is s u e s o f th is J o u r n a l.— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

The Services of Mr.

David Allen of the Limehouse

Ambulance Division in connection with air raids have been so appreciated that he has been presented with a Silver A sph yx ia

a n d

F r actu r e

o k

R ibs.

P . ( W i l l e s d e n ) - A m a n , w o r k in g o n the d o c k , s lip p e d a n d fe ll in th e w a te r. I n f a llin g h e s t r u c k a c o n c re te p ile , f r a c t u r in g h is r ib s . W h ic h m e th o d w o u ld be the b e st to r e m o v e th e w a te r fro m th e s to m a c h ? W o u ld L a b o r d e ’s M e th o d b e s u ffic ie n t ?

D is t e n s io n o f s to m a c h w ith flu id d o e s n o t n e c e s s ita te a r t if ic ia l r e s p ir a t io n , th e in d ic a t io n fo r w h ic h is c e s s a tio n o f b r e a t h in g ! S c h a ffe r’s M e th o d s h o u ld be a d o p te d in t h is c a se im m e d ia t e ly a fte r r e m o v in g fro m w a te r if b rea th in g h a s ceased a n d — p r o v id e d it is a c c u r a t e ly a n d e ffic ie n t ly c a r r ie d o u t in v o lv e s n o d a n g e r o f f u rth e r in ju r y to r ib s o r lu n g s . I s h o u ld n o t lik e to r e ly o n L a b o r d e ’s M e th o d .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

Half Hunter Lever Watch by the people of the district.

The new headquarters of the Jarrow Division of St. John Ambulance Brigade, established at a cost of ^ 7 5 0 , were opened on December 8th by Miss J. Gowan, daughter of Mr, A. B. Gowan,

managing director of the Palmer

Shipbuilding and Iron Copany, Ltd.

C ol . G. S. E l li st on , Deputy Commissioner of the No. 1 0 District presented last month seven service medals

C o m m in u t e d

F r actu r e

o f

Jaw .

A . P . ( W ilt o n ) — W it h a c o m m in u te d fra c t u r e o f lo w e r ja w , a re b a n d a g e s a p p lie d a s p e r C a n t lie (p . 4 4 ), p r o v id e d th a t a c o tto n w o o l d r e s s in g is first p la c e d in p o s itio n ? T h e r e is n o a d v a n ta g e in th e c o tto n -w o o l d r e s s in g w h ic h m ig h t , in d e e d , r e n d e r th e c o n t r o llin g b a n d a g e le s s s e c u re . F r a c t u r e o f th e ja w is u s u a lly c o m p o u n d a n d v e r y r a r e ly c o m m in u te d .— N . C o r b e t F l e t c h e r .

to the members of the Cromer Division. The following were the recipients Supt. Emms, Sergt. R. L. Randall, Sergt. J. R. Love, Ptes. J. H. Kettle and T. Smith, ist Officer W. H. Balls and Bugler M. R. Nockels.

W hen corresponding w ith A dvertisers please m ention “ First Aid.”

D ecem ber,

— F I R S T

1917.

A I D -

N u r s e s ’

d W

d e a r

A R R O D S N u r s e s ’ S e c t io n is d e v o te d e n t ire ly to th e s u p p ly o f e v e r y t h in g th a t is n e c e s s a r y to th e o u t fitt in g o f p r o fe s s io n a l a n d V . A . D . N u rse s. W e a re a p p o in t e d b y th e St. J o h n A m b u la n c e B r ig a d e a n d B r it is h R e d C ro s s S o c ie t y , a n d a ll m a te r ia ls a n d p a tt e r n s a re a p p r o v e d th e re b y .

We welcome enquiries as a compliment to our undoubted

sphere o f use fulness.

I F

enfeebled by worry, or worn out by over-work, you can quickly regain strength and vitality Lby the aid of Hall’s Wine. Delay may mean a serious illness. A course of Hall’s Wine now will stave off colds, influenza, and those other dangers which always attack the weak and worn out. Hall’s Wine gives vitality to the whole system. It strengthens the weak and helps the nerve-worn and over wrought. And the good that Hall’s Wine does is lasting. A patient writes : “ I know the great value of H a ll’s W in e in cases ol Neurasthenia and G eneral W eakness. I am stronger now than I have been for nearly two rears, thanks to H a ll’s W in e .”

Halls Wine

__The Supreme Restorative

G U A R A N T E E . — B u y a b o ttle to - d a y . If, a fte r t a k i n g h a lf o f it y o u feel n o re a l b e n e fit, r e t u r n to u s t h e h a lf - e m p ty b o ttle a n d w e re f u n d o u t la y .

E x tra 0/

L a rg e

S iz e ,

4 /6 .

S m a ll e r S iz e , a /9 . W ine M erchants , a n d Grocers and

a ll Chem ists

w ith

W ine

Licences.

N . U . 7 . - “ S is te r G r a c e .” W e llc u t A p r o n , g o r e d s k ir t , h a n d y p o c k e t, s q u a r e o r r o u n d b ib . In s to u t a p ro n c lo th , lin e n fin ish . L e n g th s 36, 38 & 40 i n . , 2 / 6 & 3 / 1 1

HARRODS

N .U . 3 3 — N e a t s h a p e , trim m e d V e lv e t. N av y or B l a c k B ro w n , G r e y &

LTD

S t r a w B o n n e t b ro a d g o o d [ q u a li t y p ie c e ................................8 / 6 G reen . . . .9 /6

LO N D O N

S W

Woodman Burbidge Managing Director

N E W ORDER FOR FA C TO R IE S . A n O r d e r dated October 12th, 1917, made by ti e Secretary of State, requires that the O ccu p ie r in all F acto rie s in the fo llo w in g c l a s s e s B l a s t Furn aces, C opper M ills , Iro n M i'ls , Fo u n d rie s, M etal W o rk s shall provide F IR S T A ID C U P B O A R D S in the proportion of at least one to every 150 persons, where 25 persons or more are em ployed. W e supply for this puppose two C u p b o a r d s : — N o . I , co ntaining the m inim um requirem ents o f the O rder. P rices, 1 to 3 C upbo ards, 2 0 / - ; 4 to 6 C upboards, 1 9 / - ; 7 to 11 C upbo ards, 1 8 /- ; 12 or more, 1 7 / - tach nett. N o . 2 , containing in addition, the D ressings recommended by H .M . M e d ical In spector of Factories in the F irs t A id Leaflet for the Treatm ent o f M in o r In ju rie s. P rices, I to 3 C upboards, 4 2 / - ; 4 to 6 C upboards, 4 0 / - ; 7 to 11 C upbo ards, 3 8 / 6 ; 12 c r m ore, 3 7 / - each nett. T erm s:— Packing fr e e , carriage paid. ORDERS

W IL L

EXECUTED

Cash with order. S T R IC T

F irs t A id C upboards are not required in where an A m bulan ce Room is provided.

R O T A T IO N .

Blast F u rn aces

A M B U L A N C E R O O M S must he provided w here 500 persons or more are em ployed in Facto ries to w hich this O rd e r applies. W e supp ly istim a te s for the equipm ent required, also for the construction o f the^ Roc ms where necessary.

Southall Bros. & Barclay, Ltd., Char for d

Mills,

BIRMINGHAM.

—

F I R S T

A I D .

—

Decem ber, 1917.

M A N U A L S

F IR S T -A ID ,

& e .,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, B.A., M.B., B.C.(Cantab), M.R.C.S. AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Pest free, 7 d . (( First-Aid Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. ‘ Col. Cant he contributes an ititroduction and we endorse his good opinion 0/ the book. ”— L a n c e t .

AIDS

HOME-NURSING.

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