First Aid Journal July 1896-June 1898

FIRST AID •

A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE WORK.

No. 25.- VOL n. [Entered ':d Stationers' Hall] JULY, 1896. PRICE ONE PENNY.

:fBrevitie£;.

THE heat. that the sun ha s poured down upon us these l ast six weeks has been so phenom.e nal, and the deaths and illnessesfrom sunstroke hay e been so numerous that a word of caution to tho se who are engaged in out-door occupations may not be out of place. It is quite possible [or us (although un safe to prophesy) to haye a continuance of thi s weather for the next two month s if so, first-:Jiders willllaye p lt.nty of chances of their ability to treat sunstroke. It is unwi se to expose oneself to the sun 's rays without proper head covering. It is much bett er to be perspiring freely during t.he exposure tllan for the skin to be dry. Sunstroke or heatstroke may appear e,,-en when not exposed to_the s un, being in great heat is sufficient Fatigue and exhaustion will hasten the effects of sunstroke, for the body will be les s able to withstand it when in this condition. A person may faint from the h eat, as well as suffe r from giddiness or slight s unstroke.

THERE can be no doubt abouL Lhe treatment. The patient mu st be got out of the heat of the su n 011 the first sy mptoms appearing, and unless fainting comes on, as shown by the pale face, cold applications must be made to th e head and no stimulants must be giYen.

VI E a r e glad to see that tho se in charge of some of our are to recogni se that ambulance work IS worth attentlOl1 , \V e come to thi s conclusion on seeing that an dispby was put in the programme at. the Fire Bngade s' [ournament last " -eek. Although this is alluded to in another place we cannot but be pleased that the opinions adyocated in this J oumal are ga inin g ground. Perhaps the winter will see more an.d it may ?e poss ibl e to hold a public meetIng, at which dIfferent VIeWS may be gi \'e n, so that the whole matter Can be t hr eshed out.

h will be a great to everybody to see Vi sco unt Knutsford back agall1 ?n the platform ad\'ocating the cause of ambulance Bell1g at the head of the Ambulance of Order of St. J ohn, it is in his power t o matenally a SS Ist th e movement for an a 111 bulance se n -ice for vVe do not know hi s ideas of the matter, but If hi:' val'uable help could be obtained the cause would prosper and it s Success would be assured.

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is of" Dr. Seelig's T o u rs," will be happy Lo 01 01 C.lIl Y out a l1y on the palt of first-aidcrs. Ue Ins W<l.rm their work, and thelefol'e wo uld be pJea::;ed to o-i:'e them speCIal faCIlItIe s b

@30ne.

r n the pages of the iv/meral lYafer Trade Rwiew, the leading publication of that prolific industry, we read the fol!O\\ingvery interesting remarks concerning the characteristic and valuable uses of ozone. The ingenious author in leading up to the manufacture of "Ozonised Aerated 'YaLer" writes as bllows:-

"YVithout going very deeply into the chemistry of ozone, it may be taken for gramed that it is generally regarded by doctors, chemists, and the people generally, as indubitable powers of inyigorating the systems of those who are fortunate enough to be in a position to absorb it. It is a form of oxygen that possessef; properties altogether greater, and even more valuable in their action, than the oxygen of the air, and for this and other reasons iL is refeaed to by im'alids and persons fatigued by the confinement of a city and it s exbausting labours, as th e one great desire of their existence. To get a little ozone into your lungs is tbe incentive to many a run down to tbe sea-shore, where it is supposed to exist in abundance, being generated by the churning w::l.\'es, ani spread o,'er the land oy fa\'ouring breezes According to Ilouzeau, proportion of ozone in the air is lle\ er in exress of ; 00 1 00°' and even in that proportion the effects are remarkable, purifying the blood and em_bling the to oxidise and throw off nitrogenous impuriries that are mostly the cause of disease and nenous depression. The famous Dr. :\ley.llott Tidy tells us that :-

1. More ozone is present (in the air) during the night than during the day, and most of all is foulld at daybreak.

2. More is found in winter than in summer, and least in autumn.

3, .'.l ore is found at high than low le,'els.

+. :\Iore is found on the sea and especially when the wind is blowing from the sea, than inland.

). ore is found in the country than in towns.

6. More is found after a thunderstorm than at any other time; least of all is found on damp, foggy d'lY3, and 50 on

I\' ow, jw;t remember those times ,yhen it is asserted that more ozone is present than at others, and consider if it does not come well within your own knowledge that at those stated the s!'stem seems t.o be exhilarated and ilwigorated as compared "nh other times The all of the country, the a,ir of the sea-shore, of the hills, after a thunder stormcompare that with a damp, foggy day, and a stuffy room..

\Y olffhi'tgel declares that' ozone is almost ne,'er fcund 111 the air of inhahited rooms

Pro,essor 11. Carey Lea tells us that' ozone is. an exceedingly powerful oxidising agent. It corrodes cork, a 111 l1lal memhanes, caoutchoLlc, and other organic substances; ItS actIon .on metals Is\'ery energetic. This property gi"es it great ,-alue as a dlslIlfectant agent, 1t oxidises "ilh g'-eat rapidity the compounds of ammot1la pho.sphorus, <llld sulphur, ,\hich are so offensiye in animal rem01'ing the odour. Its action on the lower forms of lIte IS not sufficlentl y established, but it may probably be found to act as a germ -d estrorer, as simple ,"egetable subswnces, such a.s mould, are,complelely destroyed when exposed to an ;ltmosphere contall1lng.ozone.

[am not going to waste your time ,\'ith turther eVIdence tOXIC \'alue of ozone, out I should just like to add the. descrtpLlon of an experiment Lhat \\'as carried ouL by Drs. :Yood and Richardson, pro\,lIIg to all demonstraLion the remarkable hygienic powers of ozone In the rear r85+, a pint of the blood of an ox coagulated \I'as exposed to the air until it was quite putrid, and the clot \\;1S softenlllg the close of year, the clot h:l\'ing re-disso!ve.l: as result of a;kalJl1e pOSItIOn, the blood was a most offensl\e flUid. In the flllld \las found to be so ofCensi ,·e as to produce nausea when the e,-oh'ed [rom it ,\el·e inhaled. Drs. \Yood and Richardson subjected lL to a current of ozone. Gradually the offensi"e smell passed away, and the fluid mass became quite sweet. After tbat it will occur to that they ba\'e a powerful agent to \\.ith, so powerful, mdeed, that excepting in a very diluted It be a poison. Like many otber good thlllgs 111 thiS world,. If t.tken ",Ith discretion excellent and most desirable results are ensured; but, If taken wi th too f;-ee an indulgence, harm to the indi,·id.ual m1ldd ensue. Ozone is only slightly soluble in water, but It has. been found upon experime:1t to be considerably more when comhll1ed \I:lth acid aas so also with OXyCTen, but ,\ ith thlslatterwe are not Immedl.ltely That ozone eminently a,·ailabJe for the use ?ltbe aerator is amply show11, and that it would, in 'ery sm:JlI qua.ntILes, a valuable addition Lo an aerated water, not a doubt can eXIst. The pomt for you to discuss is how far it would be practical to add ozone to yoUl carbonating gas, and whether the addition would pro\'e as great a COlll-

9g

FIRSt A I D [Ju ly, 1886.

mercial success, as it would unquestion.ab y be a. to those who are pining for ozone and cannot get at It. The to the house wbere ozone is not to be found wouL:l revelm Its easy attall1ment, brouoht direct to the room in a bottle, and so, having established tbat point, the next step is its preparation.

It will be interesting to preface deSCriptIOn of the vanous mo?es of manufacturing ozone, by stating tbat t. is quite. capable of bell1g stored, and that the vessels required for holding sufficIent to create many hundreJs of dozens ,.,f bOltles of aerated • WATER of LIFE,' would not occupy more than a very small space; a that be qU.ite insicynificant to the extensive aerator. It IS, also, qUite as readIly as any other gtS, and lends itself conveniently to aeration."

[.:'-foTE.-The above subject is one of sll c h direct importance. that by special permission of the pn>prietor of the above mentJO/:ed paper, we shall give in our ne:'(t issue details for manufac.turlng ozone, illu s trated with drawll1gs of the sImple apparatus required to fill your house and home with the purifying influences of this wonderful gas. - ED.]

lDubHe Bib to anb Bnlbulanee 'UUlOrR.

PAPER BY :\LR. J. H. COOKE, OF Wl1\SFORD.

AT the annu:J.I meeting of the urban District Counclls· Association, held in London at the beginning of June, a short paFer by Mr. J. H. Cooke, clerk to the Vinsford Urban District c:: ouncil, on "Contri bu tions by District Councils in aid of the Relief of the Sick and Ambulance

Work," was read by 1\ l r. Baker, the secretary, as follows :-By Section I3 I of the Public Health Act, 1875, it is enacted as follows :-" Any local autbority may (a) provide for the use of the inhabitants of their district hospitals or temporary places for the reception of tbe sick, and for that purpose may themselves build such hospitals or places of reception; or contract for the use of any such hospital or part of a hospital or place of reception; or enter into any agreement with any person having the management of any hospital, for the reception of the sick inhabitants of their district on payment of such annual or other sum as may be agreed on Two or more local authorities may combine in providing a common hospital." L'nder the above section, the Winsford Local Board Entered into a contract with the governors of the Manchester Eye Hospital to receilre patients in consideration of the Local Board making an annual contritution of £5 5s. VVhen tbis contract came before the Distrrct Auditor, he surcharged the amount, and the Local Board then appealed to the Local Government Board, who, after a considerable lapse of time, and after consulting the Law Officers of the Crown, decided that the was a lawful one, and refused to uphold the surcharge. Slllce then we hal-e entered Illto a contract with the governors uf the Victoria Infirmary, NorthlVich, to receive pattents frolH this district in consideration of an annual contriof 6? 5s such has been accepted and passed by the Dlstnct AUOltor. IVe have thiS year proceeded a step further. Hitherto the local authority has made a grant of £IO a ye::l.r to the St. John Ambulance Bt igade, with a view of encouraging them in their work of rendering relief and assistance to injured inhabitants of the district The grant has hitherto be.ell paid out of instruction money: because ambl!lance work .15 one of the adopted for the purposes of the Technical Act. ThiS year, however, in consequence of the erectIOn of schools, all our technical instruction money has been 111 otber ways The Ambulance Brigade were still deSirous of our and the question then suggesteJ itself as to what course could be adopted with a view of renderincy them material and sllbsta?tial a!;sistance. .It was then suggested tha"'t inasmuc.h as we had a nght to contract With the governors of a h )spital to rec:lve patients, we. should certainly have a right tf) convey such patients. to the hospital,. and, act 111 g. l,pon this, we bave tbis year entered Into a contract 11'lth tbe suponntendent of the John Ambulance Brigade to pay brigade £10 a year, fur which ther undertake, with the Local AuthOrity , t::> remove and carry any patiellts from the district to the Infirmary and hospital hefore referred to I it as well to embod), these facts in a I?aper, in.as.much as they present many opportunities of local authOrities aSSlsllng most lIseful bodies when there was any doubt as to theil- position-probably they would otherwise refuse to do. The payments appear to me to be absolutely legal and such a system should he encouraged in el ery otber town, as the IS most popular anr:l does not fail to carry the sympathy of the ratepayers tbe local authOrity.

On thc propOSition of i\ r. G B Cliff (Northwich), seconded by:'l r r. B1esdale (Royt?n), a cordial vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Cookc who was unaVOIdably absent from the mceting.- Guardlall. - :0 :----

the summer is with us we find the greater need for disinfectants cannot do better than patronise Whalley's Fluid I t is used JI1 the Royal homeholds, by many Corporations, and many prominent ambulance workers use n o othe We find it ex t reme y useful, a n d can most assuredly recommend same.

of <Lertificates to tbe 3nbians at tbe JBarl's <tourt JBJbibition.

ON Mon-iay afternoon, June Her Roya l Hig-hness Christian presented the Certificates of the St. John Ambu lance Asoo clation ga ined by the native students at the Indhn and Ceylon Exhibition at Earl's Court Chief S l rgeon Samuel Osborn, F.R.C S. was the lecturer, and it is most probable that his efforts n tbis may make a great impression for good amongst the vast population of our Indian Empire. Her Royal Highness was re::elved at the Llllie Road entrance by the officials of the Exhibition and many members of the Order of St John, including Viscount Knutsford, Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, R.N. (Secretarl'-Geneml), Col. Sir Herbert C. Perrolt, Col. E. T. Thackeray, C B , V.C, Col. Bowdler, Co l. Wyndham Murray, M.P., Mr. John Fudey, Dr. Osborn, ;!.nd many others The B:l.nd of the Grenadier GU:J.rds phyed the National l\ntbem as Her Royal HiCYhness entered the huildincy. The Princess was at once conducled to "'the Central Stand in the middle of the Imperial Court. The Exhibition Band played the natives, who mustered very strongly, into the Court. They included Indians, Burmese, Cingalese The colours of the dresses and the various attires made up a very effective picture. The :\ I ullshi C. AFdesher, introduced the successful pupils to the Princesf, and immediately Her Royal Highness proceeded with the pres e ntation of certificates and also a badge of the Association suspended on a black ribbon, which the natives placed round their necks. Lord Knuts[ord tbu.nked the Princess for her gracious presence and s tiel be was sure it must be gratifying to Her Royal Highne ss to take part in such a ceremony He hoped the g'1od 1V0rk began by Dr. Osborn would extend all over India, and in conclu s ion his Lordship stated that the Royal Family were alw.lYs connecting themselves with that which would promote thc welfare of the nation. The Munshi Ardesher in thanking the Princess said: "IVe congratulate ourselves that we :tre so fortunate as to receive our certificates from Royal hands," and expressed all behalf of his fellow brethren his most grateful thanks. Princess Christian was then conducted through the grou ps of I e::; represen ti ng various lands and paid a visit to the Exhibition.

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1] oluntrcr Jtl cl.ltcal ero rp!5.

The abO\·e named corp s held a most interesting and enjo),:tble parade under th e ir complny officers on Saturday, June 6th. They proceeded by steamboat to Putney and there were met by their very s mart transport section with seven wagons under Staff-Sergeant Dunn. Fall ing in, they marched off up the hill to Putney Heath, the party lVas told off for bearer company practice. Two complete bearer companies were formed, one under Surgeon-Captain Matthews and the other under SurgeonLieutenant Harrer, and the whole parade under Squire. ,Vounded were told off and collecting station puties \1 ith I6 stretcher squads for collecting wounded. Dressing station parties gol to work, ten pitched and kitchen made, wounded broughL back by wagons to dressing station and exam.ined by surgeons A short lecture by Surgeon-Captain Squire concluded the whule.

The London Companies held their Prize Distribution and formal opening of their new Head-quarters on VVednesday, June loth The pi izes were distri huted by H. R H The Pri ncess Louise, Marchioness of Lome.

H.R. H. was accompanied by the l\larquis of Lorne, and among those present were Surgeon-General Jameson, Director-General of the [\r111Y Medical Department, Surgeon-General Taylor, SLITgeon-Gen e ral [nkwn, Surgeon -Col. O'Farral], and Surgeon-Lieul. Col. Norton the commandant of the Corps After the Princess had declared tbe building open she distributed the prizes. The prize s for wagon dl-ill fell to No. I company squad under Corpl. Martin, .\1essrs. Burroughs, ,Velcome & Co.'s prize to Pte. ,Voodcock; TO. 2 comp:tny Messrs. Salmon & ()dys prize, Staff-S e rgeant Olding; i\f essrs. Down Brothers prize for proficiency ilj first aid and application of splints, bandages, &c., CorpI. C. O. Gentry, prize for company drill, Corpl. P. A. Baynes. Company p rizes for first aid were won oy Corpl. Gentry CorpI. Mat·tin, CorpI. Sumner, Corpl Walker.

The Challenge !::ihield for best company was won by Surgeon-Capta in Sq u ire, NO.5 company. After the prizes came a pl-esentation to Mr. Keith Young, who kindly gave his services as architect. The present took the shape of a handsome silver bowl. T h e guard of honour were up outside the building under the command of Surgeon-Captain Matthews.

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THE Re igious Tract Society has for some years kLd a box of ambulance rr:aterial, and at the present time has a very comp l ete set of materia l under the direction of 1 ance-Sergt. C. O. Gentry, Vo l. !VI ed. Staff Corps, and a squad of fou r trained men, Messrs. A ll en, Marks, Marsh and Waterson. Th is is al1 exam pl e other large houses in th e book and stationery trade wo u ld d o well to fo ll ow

ON Wednesday, June 3rd, a meeting was helel in tbe Committee Room of the above-named Club for the purpose of presenting St. John Amblllance certificates to the employes who had qualified for them at an examination by Surgeon-General McNalty. Chief Surgeon S_ Oshorn, of the Metropolitan Corps, SL john \mblllance Brigade, trained the class, and the fact that 23 out of 2S were successful speaks for itself Those present at this interesting little ceremony included V scount Knutsford, Sir Charles Hamilton, Bart., Mr. John Furley, J.P. (t h e veteran first aider of world-wide repute), Surgeon-General McNalty, Chief Surgeon S. Osborn, Brigade Chief Superintendent W J. Churcb Brasier, Chief Superintendent I V. H. Morgan, and Mr. Alan Palmer (First Aid). Lord Knutsford, who is always heartily welcomed, spoke words of encouragement to all, and examined the practical work executed by the successful pupils. Sir Charles Hamilton presented the certificates, and in addressing tbe recipients mentioned a .xse where a young Lldy friend had actcd with much courage, and he bad seell a letter from the bouse surgeon at Llandudno Hospital saying shc had undoubtedly saved life.

Mr. John Fur ey propo ed a vote of thanks to Sir Charles Hamilton f,))" w kind ly presiding, and said" as an old 'Lmbulance man of nearly thirty years, he could speak from var ied experience. ne considered it was very valuable for a club to have am bulance men," and mentioned a case where a gentleman speaking at a dinner brougbt his hand down on a wine-glass causing very serious damage. lIe hoped the club would be provided 'with material for use in case of emergency, and that those who had received certificates would keep lip the knowledge they hJ.d acquired. Mr. Furley advocated the followingp:an :-Iyhen reading of accidents in the newspapers, consider in each case what you would do. He congratulated Dr. Osborn and his pupils, and baying put the voLe of thanks to Sir Charles Hamilton to the meeting, he resumed his seat amid much applause. Sir Charles Hami Iton promised to bring the matter of material forward. A vote of thanks was :llso accorded to Dr. Osborn, who, as a member of this residential club, has set an example which it is hoped will be follo'wed quickly. The doctor hoped the class woula continue for the medallion, and said, "as I go about I see what an immense amount of good comes Out of this ambulance training. Doctors, like the proverbial policemen, al e not always on the spot,"

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PRIVATE PHILIPPS, at St Paul's Ambulance Station, has been very busy One week during June he treated fifteen cases including two ones Mrs. Adams fell on Ludgate Hill, and received a Pott's fracture of tbe right leg Mr. Alan Palmer and Sergt. Vilven were just passing, the latter at once proceeding to St. Paul's Ambulance Station for the litter, &c., and after the necessary treatment had been applied the patient was carefully conl'eyed to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. A boy, George Combey, was run over by an omnious on Ludgate Hill, and received a complicated flacture of Loth bones of the righf leg, and severe arteria t bleeding. Both p, Lents were removed to St. Bar · tholomew's IIospital by Private Philipps.

DARLINGTON -The presentat on of a medal for bravery in saving the ives of a young woman named Hannab Penney alld a farmer, in the River liVear at IIarperley, took place here last month. The recipient of the medal was Mr. Robert Allinson, signalman, anJ the presentation of the medal, which had been given by Mr. Jerome K_ jerome, was made by Sir Joseph Pease, Chairman of the NorthEastern Railway Company. Sir Joseph read the details as furnished by Mr. James VVilson, of Crook, from wh ch it appeared that the young woman fell off a plank: into the river, and was borne away by the current A farmer jumped in and seized her, but ,vas himself heing carried away, when Allinson managed to get him out. He tben ran to the woman, who had been borne down 200 yards, and at great personal dange r got her out, and saved her li·e, she beillg be lieved at h e t i me to be dead, but was restored by ambulance treatment, which A ll inson had learnt. Sir Joseph warmly congratulated Allinson on his brayery and his knowledge of treatment for saving life, and handed him the meda l, stating that a Humane Society'S certificate w ould also be accorded. Mr. Allinson duly returned his thanks The District Passenger Superintendent, Mr. Ell is, was present at the presentation.

NORTHAMPTON.-On May 27th, a lad named Albert Fletcher, 22, Gleveland road, met with a ser ious accident by falling from a gate in the vicinity of Westt"rn Favell\'lil l, and fractured his thigh Mr L. Terry, Billing road, h appened to ·oe passing on his bicycle, and after seeing him conveyed to a COllage near the mill, rode off to Northampto n and called on Staff-S e rgea n t Bea lel and acq lain ted hi m wit h t h e facts of t h e

AID. 99

case That gentleman at once had the Ambulance WaO"on horsed and started with Private Coling "t 10 p.m They promptly "'attended the case, and brought the lad safely to the Tnfirmary ,VINSFORD.-On june 1st, a man named Jos eph Atherton, salt boiler at the works of Messrs George Hamlett & Sons, Winsford, met with a na s ty acci.dent II:hile at work, which resulted in wounds, bruises, a sprain, and the dlslocatlon of a finger. "Vith commendable promptitude First Officer Bates, lind Pril·ates Bratt and :\1ullock appeared on tbe scene and did everytbing possible in the absence of a doctor, after which Private :\1ullock conveyed tte man home, and he was placed under the care of Dr. Okell. The man hold a very narrolV escape from what might have been a shocking death, for had he fallen a few inches funher ahead be might have been thrown into the boiling brine.-On June I2th, an old man named Joseph Gilbert, 'I"hile working at the Meadow Salt IVorks, \Vinsford, was caught between a railway wag0n and a wall, twisted :1bout and thrown down sustaining very severe injuries including a badly fractured leg, two fractured ribs, and many cuts and bruises. Privates Denson and Boden, and First Officer Bates were quickly on the spot and put up the leg, by which time Pri\'ate Mullock and Supt. Heathcote anil'ed, and were SOCln followed by Second Of-ficer Buc kley and Privates Jas. Dodd and Bratt Supt. Heathcote kept the patient where he was unLil the arrival of Dr. Okell, who had been telephoned for, and then, with the Doctor's conand the assistance of the other conleyed him borne and placed bim i" bed. He is doing as well as possible llilder the circumstances. ---:0:---

<tol11petitioll - ffio . 2.

NOTE BY THE EDITOR.

I h:lye been by n good maL)' correspondents to mention the points to be observed in the treatment of this Case, as I ha, e not published the winning answer, I gladly comply with the request, for it seems to hal'e excited some interest railway men.

I repeat the question :-.\t a railway aCCident a man is found amongst the smashed carriage5, crushed, insensi de, bleeding from the mouth, nose, and ears. IYhat is likely to be the matter \I ith him, and how would you treat him, and how com'ey him from ?

It seems to me that thele IS a great deal more 111 thiS questiOn than a ppeHs at first si O"ht. The oleedi ng from three places means, firstly, fractured base of the skull, causing bleeding from the ears and possibly nose, wbich also may be caused by fracture of front port.ion of the skul! then the Lleedin CT from the mouth coupled II'1th the crushll1gmeans sever'e injury to the chest, such as fractured ribs pen.etrating th: lung;1 or injury to the stomach, or thEre may be fractured p\\'. The II1senSIbility is caused by the clot on the surface of the brain the base, or tbe general shock to the. system. The cl:ush1l1g Wll! c:ll!se severe injury to lhe chest, and pOSSIbly to the abdom1l1al organs, which however may not be apparent at first.

As reCTard5 treatment a O"ood deal dep e nds on the condllion 111 which he is If the be not sel ere, and he is suffering more from shock, he m:ty require a'" .but the !nsensibilitybeg:reat, showinO" that the head trouble 1S the chief th1l1g, It may not be Wlse to cyil'e a "'stimulant. He must be plac ed on a stretcher with the least possible movement, and on tbat account gl eat ca:-e must ce exercised in TlIoving :Hl'ay the wreckage so he can be easily If there is no stretcher available, a cushiOn from one of the carnages .makes a very good substitute. ] he patient must Le carefully for fract\.lles, and if any are found they must of course be put 111 spl1l1ts. He mU5t be kept in lbe borizontal position, and carefully placed on the stretcher. If a broken rib has pierced the lung, a bandage round Ihe chest will not be required. The bleeding from the ears can be left alone, and that from the nose and mouth w1l1 pro?ably not want active treatment, unless it comes from the mouth Itself. The patient will require some water to drink when he comes to, and perhaps some warm milk or coffee

The method of transport is of great importance, for any.carelessnes s may render the case worse, or el'en hasten death. patient must ?e moved on a stretcher, and only on a If he IS to b: placed In a railway carriage for. tbe purpose bell1g cOlll eyed so:ne distance, he rn ust be carefully carned to the carnage and placed thel e 111 the manne1 shown in the text books. If he bas to go Into cart or C:lr:lag:e, the stretcher may require to be slung so as to aVOid as mu:h jOlllng fiS possible.. f k· d

The se are the main pOints to be attended to 111 a case 0 thiS 111 and perhaps those competitors who dId not win will see the reason of their fail ure.

* * 0 ·in CT to press u re on o u r space we are compelled to leave ol'er h e on"''' Alubulance Work n Amer ica," ti)) next month,

J uly, 1896.J FI R S T

jfirst tUb (tIass at tbe <tonstitntional <tlub, '1lonbon.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

We beg to give notice that this Journill will in future be published on the 1st of the mo.nth. J n order to meet the requirenlPnts of the trade. !l must be actually published by the 251h or 26th. so w-e must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS.

As no paper at the present day can exist "\,\vit"hout Advertisements, w-e begto draw the of Advertisers to this Journal It has been in existence for 25 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation. and is the only Jourr.al ef its ki od circulating amongst firstaiders in all pal·ts of Ihe w0l·ld. and is read by thousands every month. These artl Llcts worth know-ing and digesting.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publishers, Alan Palmer & Co., IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID

JULY 1, 1896.

AID. [ Jul)T, 1886.

upper floors did not owe their lives to the escape as it wa-s unable to reach them, but to the mere chance of being. able to drop 011 to the roof of the next A machIne that can pour tons of water from a heIght of oyer 100 feet without resting against a wall is not to be despised. It appears to us much superior to any escapc that we haye, and although it may haye some disadvantages, it is ,yorth the attention of our Fire Brigade authorities. There was another feature in this Exhibition that lye yicIVcd with great pleasure, and that was the di splay given by the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. It is, we believe, tbe first time that this Brigade has ever appeared before the pll bhc on an occa sion of thts kind , and it may be said without fear of denial that the work WC'S well done and smartly executed The proper and method of treating street accidents was given, and it need hardly be said that it was an immense :1dvance on the crude manner practised by the police. ,Ve haye long beEn agitating for an Ambulance Service for London, and this little exbibition of what an ambulance could do and ought to do, will do more than writing or talking, to bring un'dl r the notice of the public the absolute necessity there exists for such a service.

The Fire Brigade costs the Metropoli5 oyer £13 0 000 a year to maintain, and we do not grudge the money.

July, 1896.J FITIST ]portrait MESSRS. 1.J.T.

A I D. 101

Our ambulance. readers were present at the Agricu ltural Hall dUrIng the l ournament will, we feel s:lre, thoroughly. endorse our rema.rks when we say that it was largely oWlng to the u'"bal1lty and tact of these two that the arrangements ran so smoothly. ,V itb a lond word for eyeryone and a Slllcere desire to do all that lai(l in the power to en sure the success of the meetilw they have made 110stS of frienos who will c\ er the memories of a very happy gatherin lT wjth the names of its promoters- Arthur T'. Da!e anc1 J 01111 Reynolds.

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jfire 1J3riga()C5 JEJbtbition.

FI R E A1'\D AI\IBULAl\'CE.

THE Fire Brigades' Exhibition and Tournament tbat concluded last week has giyen the inhabitants of London a splendid chance of ascertaining what is being done by our civil authorities in the way of protecting ourselyes and our property from that dread enemy, fire. A short time previously the Military authoritiessholYed us what they could do in their special line, demonstrating the methods of attack and defence in warfare, and giving us exhibitions of skill in horsemanship, swordsmanship, gymnastics, &c. Although we admire the dexterity of our soldiers and the brilliancy of unifor!m, and plead guilty to having our ft:elings eXClteo and stImulated by the rattle of the guns and tlle smell of the powder, yet we must confess tbat \Ve bave some admiration left for the quiet brav.:ry and intrepidity shown by our civil soldiers in their fight ao-ainst fire and death of another kind. They have us thcir with their particular enemy , and the wIth whlch they can turn out on an alarm being gn:en.' and how they can pour tons of water on a burning bUlldll1g, and the modes of rescuing and bringing out of the houses the unfortunate inmates. It is this kind of that appeals to our feelings as citizens, and although It IS absolutely necessary for. the safety of our empire to have a standlllg army versed 111 all the most modern modes of warfare, yet we, the of LondoD, hope never to be brought personally llltO contact with it and therefore we can more fully the efforts a'nd imprO\ ements that are bemg constantly made in fio"htino- ao-ainst that other foe which we havc daily in our b

It was a happy inspiration that moved the authorities of this to invite the representatives of other countrIes to exhIbIt to us their methods of dealino- with fire. It seemed to us, though we do not pretend to be experts 111 the matter, that one of the most interestil1owas '-he escapc shown by the Montreal Bngade. It IS certamly and apparently cumbersome, ?ut from Its belllg aole to throw up a ladder to the helght of 114 feet, there seems to be a much better chance of saving people in lofty buildings. vVe believc that at the fire that occurred a few months ao-o at the printers of this Journal, the compositors and in the

'.Ve are proud of our Brigade and of the sen-ices it renders, for we know that without it would soon be in ruins , and many li,-cs ,,,ould be sacrificed. ,Vh ether property is of Inore consequence than human live s we do not know but of this we are confident, that if an ambulance sen'ice sa,"ed property as well as life, we shou ld haye had it long since. If we do not mind spending- that large amount on the Fire Brigade surely we ought not to objed to a tenth of that sum as an annual expenditure on all. ambulance service. ,Vith £ I 5 ,000 to make use of a yt:ar we are certain tint a good and efficient ser"ice could be kept up. Perhaps in the course of a year or two, or at the most, some centurie s hence, a kind Goyernmen twill see its way to provide it, if party politic s do not interfere.

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$t. 'tlnbrcW'B :thnbulance BBsociation.

AN Ambul a nce Competition for a cup hy Mr. Cowan jeweller, Airdrie, was h e ld in on the I3th u't. Eighteen team s competed, The examination consisted of oral and plaCliral work and strelcher drill, 45 minutes being- taken to each team. ,II, t 6 p.m. th e re sult announced was: Ist, Buchanan Str eet (Ca1.), 2(j(j marks; 2nd, Greenock (G. a nd S. IV.), 253; and .-\rdros;tn (Cal) end Eglinton Street (Cal.) drew [or 3rd pbce with 252. The cOl1lpetition was open to all corps 1Inder the Sl. And l-ew's /\.mbulance Asscciation. Three of the competing teams were up o[ men outside railway service. ----:0:-- - -

VVINSFoRD.-Un June 20th, at r\orthwich, in conn ection \\'ith the annual promen;-,de concerts amI fete held under the auspi ces of the NortlHI-ich IVorking ;\Ten's Hospital Saturday Committee, the following members of. this diVIsion, viz" S"pl. Heathcote, Seco nd Officer Buckley, and Privates Boden, Den son, Tas. Dodd, Bratt, Barker, and Jno. Dodd, joined in the prore: sian, and marched with stretch ::: r, &c., to the Victoria l'ar!<, where they gave a demonstration of drill and ambulance work which greatly interested the crowel of people who were there to witne ss it, and who did not fail to express their apprec'ation of the same. The foll o wing programme was not quite completed when very heavy rain fell and cOI,tinlled: DI ill without stretcher; band seat s ; banda e;ing; drill without a patient; loaded stretcher drill, in which the fo lo\\ingcases will be treated, and patients removed: 1st. fracture of left tbigh, skull, and right collar bone. 2nd, fracture of ribs (right side) wounds in right thigh and left calf, and scalp wound; m an apparently drowned treated by Sylvester's method as follovvs: By one man, by two men, and hy three men, and the Marshall IIall method will be performed by three men; members lounging partly dressed will at a s gnal fully dress, take up stretcher, proceed quickly to ancltreat a patient for the following injuries; fracture of right knee cap, and of lower jaw.

present number might almost be termed a Fire Brigade edition, tllerefore, firemen and ambulance workers alike will be plea sed to see figuring in our (jallery this month the genial features of Messrs. Dale and Re\ nolds , of the Fire Brigades Tournament. Both of these gentlemen are first-aiders, and take the warmest interest in the ambulance 1ll0\ ement, and it bas been largely due to their efforts that the two sen'ices bave now been brought into closer touch than they h:1ve evpr been ber ore

Mr. Arthur T. Dale, who was born in 1856, has h:1d a large and varied experience, both as a trayeller and as :1 journalist. For many years resident in France, he has acquired the natural courtesy of our friends across the water, and he is never so happy as when he is looking after the personal comfort of his many friends. He is a Captain in the Ley ton and Leytonst'lne Fire Brigade, by the members of which he is held in the highest esteem.

Mr. John Reynolds who, in addition to being partner with Mr. Dale in the extensiye business carried on in vVeliington Street, is also connected by family ties, ably seconds his brother-in-law in C\"ery way. Educated at Uni\ersity College, London, be in early life migrated to tIte 20ntint:n t, where he the experience which has stuod him in such good stead in carrying out the large undertakings organized by the firm to which he belongs.

Mr. Reynolds is an Hon. Captain in the National Fire Brigades Union

The Fire Brigades Tournament was the inception of these two gentlemen, who saw that what it was possible to do for the Military forces of the countr)', it wa!:> quiteas possible to do for the similarlydeserying civilian body, the Fire Brigadc3. ,Vith Messrs. and Reynolds to concei,-e is to aLt, and the result was that three years ago they inaugurated the first Fire Tournament eyer held in this country. A period of three years elapsed between the first and second Tournament, but we trust that the :;,uccess of the present venture so bardly won and so thoroughly desen"cd , will cncouragc these gentlemen to wake it an annual feature in our London life.

Messrs. Dale and H.eyno'cls h:l\"e both received high honours from various Fire Brigades abroad, amongst which we may spec ially mention Canada and Belgium. !hey are both lingui t s, and jn thi s capacity the ir seryices 111 connection with the Fire Tournament, considerjng the l are;e influx of FOl eign representatiycs, were inyahlable.

This Tournament and E:-.:hi iti,)n of th e i\'ational Fi e T3rio"ldeCI1ion \\as held ;It the \gri c1l 1 wral IIall from the 19th to tbe";iLl; J line, h ! de.vot ed to the IV UO\\'S and Orpbans' Fund of th o .\Ietlopoll tan 1, Ire Bngad e and th e '-: ll;onal Fire I3ri O'ade >{'nion There wele various competitions btld, a s steamer I m1.nuai drill s driving. tllg-o'-war, &c "hid] were illtere s ting to \I a tch, I ut the detads of whi c h co nc e rn mo stly Iho se en o-aO' ed. The Bournemouth Fire Br:gade gave an exhibi:ion \\ith and 'J he lI'a'> a long one reach1llg al.most to the o p of tbe building , and 15 C:tfI led on the box of the eng1l1e wben pr oceedin a to a fire. The C1P':: Hill I3ri-?ade a. display, and got tJ 11' 1 in 13 s conds. The :\Ietropolltan hre BrIgade demon s: rtted how the chair knot is used. The escape wus put up against the s de of th e house and a person lowered out of the seconJ Aoor wind o w by a co ntril':1nce conslstIllg of tll O loops of rope, one placed under the knees and one under the arms. The e scape used WelS not so biO'h fJS that of the Bournemouth Brigade. There was some smart done in the Turn-out Drill of the steamers and manuals. The Ruthin BriO'al'e gave a capital di s play with th e Pompier ladder. The ladder cOI:"si s ts of a long- light po le to which ort attached cr oss pieces. and at one end of which is a large hook. The p o le was lifted up and hooked on to the sill of the window of the first fl o or, a man went up and dre,,an o ther pole after b,m :lnd houked that on o the sill alol'e bim, and tben o n t o the next fl oor. A co uple of firemen g o t into tile thirJ Aoor, fix:ed a rope inside and lowered to the g ro und by means of a ho o k attached to his body, a fireman holding an insensible pers o n, and the other men came down the rope In a very speedy manner. The Canada (:'IIontreal) Brigade gal'e an excellent display with their noyel escape, and hose. There " ere four .looking "ery picturesque In their red Jackets, and tll'O horses With each machine. The hose was coiled on to a large reel al'd unrolled as the horses galloped. The escape was fixed on to a long iron frame, appar .:: nlly about 50 feet long with a pair of wheels at each end, tbe turning of the huge machine being belped by a steering apparatus controlling the rear pair of wheels. When placed in position, the escape, ",h'eh IS almost as \\'ide as a staircase, and has a at each !Oide, is raised by means of a crank to a nearly perpendi c ular position. '''hi 1st this is being done two men run up it, and can stand at the side of the ladder on tll'O flaps IIbich let down. This portion lI'ithou: being extended is 70 feet high. when fully extended it reaches to a height of 1 q feet. After l::eing raised it is a b le to ce turned round on a turn able. so as to re.lch tbe desired pbce. "'hen fully extended it bears a weight \\'ithout being pitched aga'nst a wall. By means of the hose macbine they were able to by out 30J feet of hose in a very short space of time, the hose being Gil ried to the tOp of tbe ladder. This escape, to our mind, seem s certainly better than anytbing tbat we 1 a\ e in this country, although it probably takes longer time to get into position, it is, bowel-er, just the apparatLls for lorty buildings.

In the ?llanual Driling Competiti o n a little ambulanceldisplay was rr l'en. As the last manual drm e off a man fell, and Superintendent rushed into the arena, examined him, and whistled for help. which came in the sbape of a squad, and the man was bandaged up and c lrried a way on a stretcher amidst appl.lUse , whieb was renewedwben the suppo oed patient, still bandaged, walked il to the arena and bowed h is ad nowledgments.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade gave a display of its own, showinO' how stleet accidents should le attended to. The Fire Station w;,; tempo arily turned into an i\.mbulance wagon was brou o ht in and unhorsed, and the men were taking tbelr re5t. A gas exp osion oc curs in the house cl.ose by: come on and ride to the sc ene of the aCCident, exam'ne the Il1Jured people, and one rushes to the sta:ion, and gi,'es the alarm, the other at once start Fi ; st aid slr; iee. The men in the station put on their clothes, the hor :; e lI'.tS harnesse.l, and left the station fully equipped i:1 20 seconds from the I110mentthecall w:lsgil'en - I'ery smart work. The wagon droye to the accident, and the first-aiders attended to the patients, lbe head o[ one alld tbe arm of tbe other, placed them on stretchers aI.d tben in the wagon, and drove away in 4i minutes. This little show was heartily cheered.

Houscon fire-here the comic was combined with the A rean-

1 02

FIRST

feast party isreturning home, of course, very me.rry The public beiu<Y closed they stop at a coffee stall. where, III of the tlon1s of members of the police force, they mdulge .111 mUCl hor se-p lay, finally putting- one of the defenders o[ the publIc peace, alon<Y with the keeper of the coffee stall, IIlto the nre·dam .In the a fire has broken out in an adjacent .hou.se, and shrIeks are heard fr om the teni[ed inmates. The alarm IS gIven, and and steamers arrive, and rescue people from the second. and thu'd floor windows. The ambu'ance wago n also appears, and gIves ?elp to the inju red, takina away in the wagon and on stretchers and lItters some balf-d ozen persons. 1 h d L oo king- at the s h ow as a whole, it was one weI wort seemg, an ought to be appreciated by every L o ndonrr.

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1R aiIwa\? Bnlbulance.

DARLTNGTON .-PR FS EKTAT I001 OF CERTIFICATES, &c., BANK Top STATfO., (N.F.R Sunday afternoon,. June ql.h, _ a atlended meeting of j\ .E.R employes h eld 111 the geneIal room, on tbe occasion of the pre sen tatlO.n by Lady Dale, of 20 filst and IS second certifica te s, and one o the ill the class recenLlv exam ined hy Dr. Ellerton of The c'lair was occupied by T. H. Ellis, Esq., Pa ssenge r SuperIntendent, wh o was s upp orLed hy Sir and Lady Dale, V. Rave.n, Esq., and l\frs. Raven, Dr. Middl em ISS (class In s tru cto r) Mr s EllIs, &c. Chairman said h e 100J.;ed upon the a mbulance movement as a splendId sia n of the concern a man [elt for hi s fellow in t h e c ri s is o f a nee? (Hear, hear). He was glad to ha\'e the opportunity of expressIng hIS appreciation of the Association twas r.ight and proper the railway compa ny sh ou ld hav.e to .thelr emplo)'es more Indu cement to enable them to acquIre IIlform atJO n ofthe work, and it was gratifying to rElcogni se the greater 1I1terest dIsplayed by the men than wa s formerly the case. (Hear, hear). He sure n o o ne wou ld be m ore pleased to n ote the than the.lr lo ca l director, whose pre se n ce was b1J( one more. IndI ca tIon o.f the .mter est Sir Da vid Dale took in e\'ery movement whIch had for Its object the mora and intellectual advancement of rail\\'aymen in genera l, and he believed of the Darlington men in particular (He:!.r, .Out of a class membership of 37, no than 36 wer e to a fa ct whi ch testified to the patience and skill of (Dr. Middlemi ss) Quite recent'y they had had a splendId ?bJectlesson on the utility of ambulance tra ining in the case of Yrr. AllIson, SIgnalman, Harp erley, (Applause). Lady Dale then formally presented t.he ce rtificates and medallion afterwhich she also p res e nt ed t o Dr.M Iddleml Es on behalf of the memb'ers of the class, a handsome silver mounted ebony walking stick, bearing the. devi.ce St. John Ambul a nce Association, as also the followmg In SC rIptIOn :-Presented by the m embe r s o f the Darlington Bank Top Class, N.E.R. Centre, to Geo. Middlemi ss, Esq., M.D., Surg-eon Major, In structo r ?f the class, June, 1896 Dr. Middlemiss in acknowledgment of the glft s:ud he thought the work they had performed during the past few yea.rs had been highly s uccessfu l. (Hear, hear). He was th at If called upon to attend anyone s uffering from sudden Illnes s or the Bank T op men would not disgrace either themselves or then: teacher. (A pplause). Mr. Garrett, the district secretary, then gave a bnef ?utlme of the work of the district s in ce the formation of the Centre, slatmg, as a proof of the ad\'ancement made , tb a about two months ago they had sup plied upward s of 1,200 books and bandages to new members on the North Eastern system. He believed the Nort8 EClste rn was the only railway company in the United l>.ingdom with an ambulance centre of the St. John Association of its own (hear, hear), and he thought that did great honour to the men who had been instrum ental in the ,,"ork forward, a nd he trusted all would always work to keep (hIS J?rI.mary position. Lo ca lly they bad to thank Mr. Ra\'en and Mr. EllIS for much valuable assistance. (Hear, he ar) The company then adjourned to the booking hall where various demon st rations o f first aid were given by the member s. On returning Mr. Garrett moved a of t.o Lady D a le for presenting the certificates, &c., and to SIr DaVId for bls attendan ce that afternoon. P. C. Alcock very ably seconded, remarkmg that out of I 3 orth Eastern polieeman stationed at Darlington, seven held first certifi:ates, one a second certificate, and two held medallions. (Hear,hear ). The motion was enthusiastically carried. Lady Dale in reply said she wa s sure [Jone co uld be doing a more useful work than that of ambulance, though she hop ed they might never have to put their knowledg to u se. But the possession of that knowledge wou ld give them greater confidence in cases of accident, and pas>engers had gooj reason to be thankful to know that those with whom they were travelling were a':lle to give help which might even mean the saving of life. It had been a great pleasure to her to be present at that gathering. (Hear, hear.) Sir David Dale, who was warmly applauded, said that what they had seen and heard that afternoon was a striking illustration of the well-known fact that a special characteristic of this age, more especially amongst the wh te races of the world, was tenderness for human suffering. (He ll', hear.) Th is of course was exhibited not only in those very noble ;nstitutions of various kinds which were so

AID. [Ju l y, 1896.

liberally supported in this and other countries of Europe in the shape of hospitals and orphanages; i n the ten dance of the wounded on the battle field, and also the tendance lIpon the wounded in civil life of which their particular class was an illu stra tion. (Hear,. hear). One recognised tha t that was to be spok e n of not merely as Illu s tratIve of the nation and its legi slation and philanthrophy, but also as good practical evidencc of the value .of the aid of everyone who to the St. John Ambulance ASSOCIatIOn. (I-lear, hear). On e recognIsed the sacrifices they macie in the way of subjecting themselves to the neces sary instruction (over the full period of three years) for that pa rlo f the year in which lesson s were given That was a cons iderable sacrifice indeed, and it was one which the community at brge ought to be made aware of, and in regard to which they deserved hearty recognition. So far as his o \'n feelings on the subject were concerned, they had been very much increased and deepened by w.ha.t he had heard and witnesseclthat day and he should be very glad If It fell to h is lot, by word or otherw'se, to gil'e aid to the work in which they were engaged. (Hear, hear). P. C. Reed e r then moved a vote .of thank s to the Chairm:Jn, to Mr. Raven and Mrs. Raven, and Mrs. EllIS, which was seconded hy Mr. Mark Law so n. The Chairman and Mr. Raven briefly re spo ndinz, a ve"y intere sti ng meeting wa s brought to a close.

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1Aotes

By " TOURNIQUET,"

\ iVHEN a mistake has been made, tbe fi rst thing o do is to correct it, and tben to apoloaise to tho se who l:ave been in any way in j ured. Accordingly I correct the error that into Notes last month. The name of Mr. Uartrup wa s mentIOned 111 thI S co lumn as the winner of the com petition. Of cour"e, on referring to the Editor's note it was seen that the winn er wa s E. J. Tayl o r, and to him I have to express my si n cere apologies for the mi stake. I was away when the Journal wetS going through the )ress, etnc! therefore did not see the proof.

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I MAY mention that Mr. Taylor is a ticke collector at Cannon Street Station-there fore i t is very pleasing to record the fa ct that a rail\\ay man won the fir st prize.

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To Private Haltrup I can only express my profound regret that I s 1ould have unwittingly placed him in a p os ition \t hat may have possibly caused bim some annoyance. I can only hope that I shall have the pleasure of giving him the top place in my next Competition I h av e written a letter to ea c h of these gentlemer., and I trust they wdl accept my apologies.

* * * I SEE that Mr. Slack, a winner in thi s Competition, wa .; also one of the Stratfo rd eam at the Great Eastern R ai lway competition; and Mr. Greenfield, another of my winners, belongs to the P ar k esto n team of the same C o mp a u /. \,yell done, Sirs, keep l.Ip your knowledge, and your rewards will be many.

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LITTLE did I think when writing this column last m o nth thJ.t so soon after the is s ue wa s published Lo r d Lilford wo uld be no more. His Lord >hip's fame amongst m e n will never bde.

THE Warden and Residents at *Toynbee Hall ha\'e organised an open-air con.:ert for the ambulance students in the Quadrangle on Tuesday, July qth, at 15 p.m. * *

ANOTHER St. J ohn s Day has and gone, and with it anolher inspection of the B rigad e by the of the Order of St. Jobn_

*' THE meIl}bers of the St. John Ambulance Briga de seem to have had a good time at the Agricultura l Hall. They were there in very comfortable quarters, and they. enjoyed dIstinction of performing before a large and appreclalJve audIence. And theIr show was voted to be very good by everybody.

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INDEED, the ambulance show at the Fire Tournament was quite a feature. The turn-out when a call for assistance was made was smartness itself.

* * ;to THE Brigade Chief wh.o s also of the. Ambulance Department of the NatIOnal h re Bngade s UnIOn, organIsed the ambulance part of the show, and it was well done, showing bow street accidents ought to be treated. * I>

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1 WAS very pleased to notice the Commissioner, Col. E. T. Thackeray, C.B V.C., Deputy-Commissioner Milnes Hey, and Deputy- Commissioner, Col. Bowdler at the Agricu ltura l Ha IL

Jul y , FI RS'r

THE performance of Superintendent Pontin backed up by Sergt. Vilven and the cyclists, was much commented upon. It the utility of cyclists as first-aiders.

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THE Nursin a Sisters on duty ma de a brave display, and by the courtesy of in authority, they had a very pretty little boudoir placed at the.ir di.spo sa 1. Lady Superintf'lldent Church Brasi.er and Mrs. J. Calv11l Lmes (hon. sec ) "ve re extremely please::! WIth the arrangements made for the Sisters'*

'" THE ambulance officers' quarters were very snug, and with such officers in cubicle (not Camp) as Chief Superintendent \V. II. Morgan, Superintendent Trimmer, 1 s t offic:r BIk e r, and, by-the-bye, our old friend, Supet'intenclenl Pa111ter (G. T. R.), the place was very merry after duty

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I WAS ve ry pleased to notice the brg e percentage of firemen wearing the ambulance badge. Captain R ouw, of Rutbin, who is a great hand at ambulance work, wa s evidently one of the best workers in co nn ect ion with the Tournament.

* * '" CAPTAIN MIGNOT, and the o fficers and members of the French Fire Briaade, v isited the Ambulance Station on Saturday afternoon, they were re ce ived hy the officers, Nursing Sisters, and men on duty. The Chief Officer complimented the Brigade on their drill in the arenl.. and concludeJ by saying that hi s wife occ upi ed th e po s it ion of P resi d en t of a si milar soc iety in France , and as a recognition from the firemen of hi s co untry he conferred on Lady Superintendent Church Brasier the higher decoration of the French Fire Service, taking the same from hi s Ohn breast.

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THE Brarlforrl Daily TeZ('g?'apll says the issue of FIRST Am for June contains a good portrai t o[ Dr. Andrew B rowne, and refers to the n ot ce which accompanied same in pleasing terms.

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THE forthcoming Exhibition of Saving- Life t o be held at the Central Hall, H o lborn, from 9th to r 8th Jul,}', will , I think, be "ery inteJes ting The St. J oh n Ambulance Brigade will give demonstrations.

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BYsome means the name of.that popular officer, Chief Superintendent Hayman, of the Yr etropo!t:an Corps, was not included in the list of those present at th e annual Camp, as reported in our last issue. This worthy gentleman was much in evidence o n the s ubject of ornitholo<Yy and was certain ly visible, even to the near-sighted. b

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THE presentation o f certifica tes to th e Ind ians at the Earl's Court Exhibition by II.R.H. Princess Christian, wa s the most pictur esque cere,nony in connection with ambulance wo rk that I have see n. May Dr. Osborn's efforts be the means of spreadi ng- first aid far and wide among IJer Maje s ty' s subjects in the East.

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MR. TMRE KlRALFY, and those associated with him, are deservina of many thanks ar.d congra tu lations br th e marner in which they out the arrangements for the ceremony

* * * THE cert' monya t the Constitutional Club wh en certifi ca tes we re presented o the employes by Sir Charles Hamilton, was of a intere st ing character. 1 trust Dr. Osborn's wor k at this Club will s pread large ly to other clubs.

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IT is exlremely to see cheery presence, a nd to hear hIS LordshIp s rema rks. lIe IS, lllde :: d, a splendid head o f the Ambulance Dep artmen t.

* * CAPTAIN SIR i\LFH.ED JEPHSO:"1,* R.l ., i\Ir. J o hn FUlley, J.P., and Colonel Str lIerbert C. are mos t ind efat if,a b le. They are here, there and everywhere.

* ;;. ..

1 UNDERSTAND that the uniform worn by the I\ursina S iste r s was originally de signe d by Mrs J. Calvin Lines and iVliss * *

A SPECIAL prais e mu,t givi!n Mr. ] tmes, manager to M es3rs Pr obyn, hI S staff. Tbe ,r UtlVUY111 .s courtesy and attention was much appreCIated by all o[ those IJ1 attendance.

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$t. 30hn tlnlbu[mtc e 1£rigabe.

BTHM1NGUA:\1.-The Committee of the Birmingbam Corps, St. .1 0 1m Brigade, held their m o n t ldy meeting at tb e Chief Fire Slatlon, Mr. A. R. Tozer pre s iding, when 117 cases in which first aid was rendered during the pa s m on th were repo rted. An ambulance has been placed at th e General Hospital [or the u se of the police and all certIficated members of the S t. J o hn Association; and another at Kyott's Lake Road tt -am depot, for use by certificated members in the Stratford Road, Sparkhill, and Greet district. In both cases the authorities have

A I D. 103

supplied shelters for the litters. Me ss rs. Wilkinson and Ridd e ll have consented to pl.ace a fully equipped ambulance box in Bradford Passage, [or certIficated of the Brigade. Equipments of this descnptlOn are most necessa ry m numerous parts of the city.

FAHNHAM .-The month of May ha s been a husy one for our members cases having bee n recorded, the van h aving been out four dunng the month. .The most serious case reported was that of a man smashed up on the lme -fractured skull, arm, ribs, &c., he was removed the Cottage Ho sp ital after h avi ng been attended to by a doctor, but dIed two days later: cases o f invalid removals, one being by van from a neIghbOUrIng- VIllage and by rail to Swathling near Southampto n, and another from th e town to a village six miles o ut.

I PS WT CH- The Annu a \\'<;s held on J line +lh, in the Ip swich Lyceum. Th e Rt. lIon. Knut sford, G.C.:\1.G., most kindly came down to wesent cer tIfi cates, &c., and Colonel E. T. Tha ckeray, C.B., R.E., V.C ., came to see the work of the Ip swich division. Both mad e most in teresting and helpful speeches, and the re sult should be a number of next year. The Ip swich divi s ion, under Bngade Surgeon LIeut. -Col. Elliston and Stlff-SergL. Offord, showed some splendid stretcher drill with a n accident to each stretcher then the various.ki.nds of seats for carrying patients. The G.E.Ry.' men gave a scene o f five overcome by gas, all of whom weI e The Ip sw Ich dt vIsIon then gave a accident, a baker, slIpplllg o n o range peel, ::-nd his fractured knee ueing treated by passers by, a saIlor, a sweep, a fish se ll er, and a gentleman's servant He was finally carr ied uff 011 a sai l with oars [or poles Tbe last scene. was done by the police, a fire, from wh ich the inmates were rescued and one, overcome by smoke, was resusc itated. Lord Knutsford and Colonel Thackeray bo th expressed themselves as pleased with the practical \\' o rk th ey had seen.

NORTHAMPTON -Tbere has been several impOlLlnt cases moved during the month, and which have given every POTTERIES.- This Corps ha s been busy during and the members of the various divisions are most anxious to improve its status. On Jun e 13th a Chief Officer's parade was held on Stoke Victoria Athletic Ground , Chief Supt. Copeland being in command. Drill-In st ru ctor Quirk put the Corps through drill and marching and despite the excessive heat the work shewed a good improvement. Stretcher work was afterwards g-one int ) in sections, and a good hard practice was thorouably appreciated by all. The cha irm an of the P o tteries Centre ( Re\ I. C. R. Scott) was present, and congratulated the men o n their smart appearance and quick display of ambulance work and exhorted all to continue a wor k so highly beneficial to all grades of society Another Chief Officer's parade with stretcher drill was held on the 27th ult. at Stoke Victoria Athletic Ground, which was equally instructive Several of the divisions have not sent in their monthly reports, but those to hand show how useful the work has been, and is likely to ee, in this indu strial centre.

-Leycett: Thi s has been attending well to it s work and the men are now getting well accustomed to the Drill Manual and very p t'oficien t in stretc her and general ambulance work. On ;\l ay 2+th, a gentleman lias riding his bicycle from \V oore to Madeley and was hill , when he ost contro l of his machine and, falling on his left side, was cut badly over the left eye and received a se,'ere shaking. \Vm. Beardmore, a member of Leycett Division, was passing and found the man lying unconscious. H p. took him into a cottage, washed hi s fa ce and head and stopped the bleeding by pad and bandage He th e n took him home and called in a medical man wh o stitched the part that had been cut. The man had bee n unconscious for hour:::.

-Newcastle: It will be seen from the cases mentioned below trat the memb er s of th is division been able to render yery valuable fIrst aid. Private '\Iarriott was on duty at the Borough Cemetery in his capacity as a police constable on i\1ay loth, when he receil'ed informati ,l n tbat a woman lias in a hysterical fit on the gral'e of her child. He rendered first aid, and after half an hour was successful in bringing her round so th at she could, with as go borne. On May 19tb, Drill Tnstructor T. Cook receIved 1I1formatlOn tbat a woman was in a fit at the Mun icipal Hall. He went at once and found i\lrs. Swintles, of the. Hand and Trumpet Inn, recovering epilepsy; he rend ered first aId and conveyed her home, and as he arrIved there she had another fit and a doctor wa s calleci in by her friends. i\lay 23rd, P.C. Basford was Oll duty in the Higherland wben a man named G. Clewlow cut the artery in Lis wrist with putting his hand through a glass window. Basford ren?ered first aid and wa s succe ss ful in stopping the bleed1l1g. The patIent wa s after:vards attended to by H on. Surg-eon G. S. Hatton. On the same date DrIll In structor T. Cook II'a:> on duty in the fair ground "t 7.IS p.m., when a boy named \Villi am Griffin was kn oc ked down by the s W1I1g boats. He recel\'ed a "ery severe wound o n hi s forehead OI'er right eye about in c h long His jaw was also injured. Co.ok rendered aid and stopped the and afterwards removed h1l11 to Dr. \Veb b s surgay. 1 he doctor stItched up the wound. At I p.m., o.n i\1ay 25th, Instructor T. Cook received inform ttion tha t Harnett France, re s ldmg at 8, Pool Side, had been burnt by the explosion of an oil lamp. He went a t once with r.c Bloor (who also h o lds a first aid certificate) and found bel' badly b u rnt about the face, chest, and arms-in fact, she was completely blind. First aid was rendered by them, Private S, Rowley also rendering

PtRST

assistance, and also procuring the oils from his own house which were used to dress the \\'ounds until the arrival of Hon. Surgeon G S IIatLOn and Dr. Dick son, who ordered the woman 's removal to S. Infirmary. She was removed there, a distance of Ii miles, on the police ambulance by Cook and Bloor. She succumbed to her .on the following

A meetina in connectio n with the Newcastle DIvIsion of the Potlenes Corps took place at the Rye Croft Schools, Ne\\'castle,on Fridaynight, l\1ay 29th , when there was a bir attenda nc e of ambulance men. Occasion was taken to present Dr. G. S. Hatton, one the honorary lecture,.·s, wi th a silk umbrella, silver-mounted, and sUItably ll1scnbed, t he gift being- a mark of gratitude and respect from the members of the class whi ch h3d been under his tuition, and had recently passed a f'uccessful examination. Alderman S. Hy slop presided, and was supported hy Rev. I. C. R. Scott (chairman of the Centre). In opening the proceed ngs, the chairman eulogised the ambulance movement as one was calcu lat ed to be of the greatest value to all who had taken It up. He spoke of the introduction of the Association into Newcastle in 18 93, and the progress which had since been made, and expressed the satisfaction that sho u ld be felt in the town at the progress of so u sefu l and beneficial a work as that of training men to administer first aid, and so alleviate the pain of suffering He congratulated the members ot t he Newcastle classes upon haVIng had the valuable and sympathetic serv ice s of Dr. Hatton as lecturer. The Rev. I. C. R Scott made the presentation and testified to the esteem and r ega1'l1 in whi ch Dr. Hatton was held in thc neighbourhood. Ile had not on ly a knowledge of am bulance work, but a peculiar facility for imparting wha t he knew to those wh om he instructed, together with great patience and sympathy, and said thc vesentation carried with it the good wishes and beartfelt thanks of the students. Jn responding, Dr. Hatton said that a lth ougb he bad somet im es been lat e, he had not missed a class during the season, though ba"ing to teach a class at Trentham as well as at Newcastle had becn at times a fever e task. He thanked the members of former classes for com ing forward and helping, and said many of them were qu ite as capable of teaching practical ambulance as he was himself. He also thanked those who bad worked so hard in the management of the classes, particularly mentioning Mr. IVade, and in conclusion urged the students when they had learn t the work to keep in practice. At the close of the meeting a number of exercises were gone through by the members Dr. Haltun was in charge of tbe demons-.ration, assisted by Drill In structor, T. Cook and Serg-eant S. Wade. On the motion of Sergeant S. Wade seconded by Drill I nstructor T. Cook, the chairman was thanked for presiding, a so the R ey 1. C. R. Scott on the motion of J. Shuffiebotham, seconded by J. F. Pimb olt. for making the presentation Stoke, Etruria, and Burslem Divisions have kept up their practices, but n(l reports were received up to going to press J t may interest many of our readers to know t hat the winner of the one man carrying competition at camp in Lilford Park was the Second Officer o f the Burslem (IIancock), and the P otte ries Corpg feel very proud of the distin ct ion thus earned for them. There were not so many of the P otteries Corps at cam p as we had anticipated, but those who were present, including Chief Superintendent Copeland and Superintendent Bo ard m::tn, thoroughly enjoyed the week, and fully appreciated the benefit of suc h a gathering It is hoped to be more fully on future occasions

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fSt. 30bn tl111bulance tlssociatiotl.

TOYN BEE NURSING GUILD.-Th e last of the ser ies of special monthly lecture s was delivered on June 30th by Dr. Dundas Grant who lectured on l'\ursing in relat ion t o di seases of the Throat, and Ear. Lectures a so been delivered on "Home Nursing," by Dr. Stepben :\Ia cke nzle, and the" New Photography," by Mr. Sydney Rowland A valuable co.u r se of weekly lessons in special b<lndageshas also been gwen by the Sister at the Receiving Room of tbe Lond on and has been very keenly appreciated by the members. SpeCial VISits bave been paId the and Guy's H osp ital s, Mile ETnd ,Infi:mary a n? the Chddren s Hcspltal, Shadwell. District Nursing IS also bemg undertaken by the members Further informatIOn may be obtamed from Mr. VV. H. Winny, at Toynbee IIall, E.

TOYN BEE HALL.- Two very successful.first aid classes have ju s been held at Hall the le.cturers bemg Drs. Dundas Grant and a of SIX ambulance classes beld at Toynbee Hall thiS seSSIOn, 111 addItIOn to many other lecture s on H yaiene Physiology, special kinds of Nursing, &c. ° , SERVICE.-On Sunday afternoon a service In aId of tbe Lei cester centre of the Sl. John Ambulance ASSOCiation was held at St. Martin' s Cburch and was well attended A processi?n, consisting of members of the corps in the. o",:n, wa s 111 the 0arket Place and, headed by the band of the Leicester Corporatfon Gas D e partment marched to the ch ur ch where a special form of prayer was gone through. The service

At:b . [July, 1896

conducted by Rev. H. S. Diggs, and Rev. Canon S;:ll1clers, vicar, read tbe lessons. The sermon was preached 'by Rev. F. Lewis Donaldson, M.A., rector of Nailson, who took as his text St. Ma tt hew xxii. 21:: " Render, therefore, unto C<.esar the things whi ch are Cxsar's, and unto God tbe things that are God·s." In an effective discourse he dwelt on the wisdom and dipl omacy of that answer of Christ's to those 'w ho sought to set a trap for !lim a nd bringing the words of the tcxt to bear on pre se nt day circumstances drew a c0ntrast between the co ndition of the east and we st of Europe, but i n sisted that whatever the faults of the gOI'erning powers it wa s still the duty of h e true citizen to ca rry out the di ctum of Christ wi th regard to the aut.hori ties of their counery. 111 this connection he made a pa ssing referenc e to the fact that that day was the anniversary of th e coronation o f the Queen. IJe though t th ere was some ground for com plaint that in s uffi cient attention was p a id to matters of politics -n ot the wizened, miferable, deformed t.hings which satisfied party men, but the high er science of good government. In conclusion he character se d the \l ork of the Order of Sl. J ohn of Jeru sa lem as a noble one, and hoped i ,," o uld continue to prosper until it s members were able to und ertake a crusatle against the prevention as well as the cure of tli seases and accidents.

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1J oluntecr 'scDool of 3In$trurtiolT.

D e puty-Surgeon General G. S. Ryerson, l\1.D., Canadian i\J ilitia, Toronto, who has recently been through a course at the Volunteer j-\mbulan ce School of J nstruclion, obtained a certificate of proficiency at an examination held before a special board of \rm y i\1ediml Officers on Jun e 2nd at the Station H ospital, Rochester Row, S.\V.

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THE other day a man wao taken sutldenly ill in the L ozells road. Birmingham, and as hi s condition appeared se rious, a telephone me ssage was sent to the Aston Fire Station for the ambulance to convey him to the General IT ospit:l1. After wailing for some time the tire engine appEared llpon the scene, and \\ ithout stopping to ascertain the cause of the crowd, several of the fir eme n jumped off th e engine and began to unr o ll the hose. '''b en they found that it wa s not the fire engine hl lt the ambulance which was needed, they looked extremely sheep ish, rolled u p the hose, and drol'e away. ""h en the ambulance arrived, the man had re:overed from his fit and had walked bome.-Da l(l' Jftlll.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRSI' AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assuranc e Association, Ltd. IJead Office :-2-1-, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-6-1-, MOORGATE STREET, L.o.NDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the follovving condItIOns must .be se nt WITHIN THREE DAYS Applicabl e 'to Passenger Tralns in Great Britain & Ireland.

:f13re\)ities.

WITH reference to the Royal Wedding that has just taken place, and to which allusion has been made in another column, we feel great satisfaction in noting that the daily papers, almost as a matter of course, mentioned the work done by the St. John Ambulance Brio-ade. It seems now to he expected by the public that ambulance stations should be provided to treat cases of emergency at processions, demonstrations, and public shows of a similar kind.

AND what a comfort it must be to the police to know that a conSiderable amount of work is taken off their hands. Their time is not occupied in taking to the hospital ca ses of fainting and injury j they can devote themselves to their proper work of keeping order and preserving the peace. Perhaps in time the police authorities will come to the conclusion that ambulance work ought to be undertaken solel y by ambulance men.

% -I(. ,y.

RAILWAY ac r: idents seem t o be pretty frequent ju st now. We shou ld fetl exceedingly obliged if some of our correspondents in the district in which an accident takes place would send particulars of the ambulance work done. With the causes of the acciden t s we have nothing to do we are only interested in the results and the assistance rendered. Many of the railways have now got good ambulance corps, and we are sure that they would like their work to be recognised.

tl 1Recoonitfon of :f13raver\?

LAST month the Prince of Wales, K .G., Grand Pri or 0f the Order of th e H osp ital of SL John of Jerusalem in England, conferred at Marlb oro ugh H Ollse several medals and certificates of hon o ur for acts of gallantry in saving life on land at imminent personal risk, which have been awarded by the Chapter of the Order with the approval of H is Royal Highness.

tlmbulance <Bat bering at lEar!'s :marton. INSPECTION BY EARL

THRO UGH the kindne ss of Mr. J. B. Whitw orth of Earl's Barton, the annual inspection of the Northampton Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade took place on Saturday, Ilh July, in the Pightle, Earl's Barton, and was attended with considerable success. Jn previous years the insp ect ion ha s always taken place in the Infirmary Grounc:s, but it was impo ssib le to hold the gathering there this year on accountof the grounds having been recently sown with grass. Consequent ly it was decided to visit Eirrl's Barton, wbere the first class in the district outside X orthampton was formed, and where there has always been a strong branch. About So members of the Corps from orthlmpton, Duston, and King sthorpe drove to the village early in the afternoon, the inspecti on taking place at four o'clock. The men, whose numbers had been swelled by the addition of the Earl's Barton Division, assembled at the Board S chools shortly before four 0 clock, and, headed by the Earl's Barton Sliver Old Prize Band, conducted by :rh . J. K. Skinner, marched to the park. Th e officers on parade were: Chief Superintcn· dent Perry in comm:md; Supt. C. F. Olney, Supt. W. II. Reel e s (Xorthampton), Supt. F. T. Thorpe, First Officer, J. Abbott (Earl's Barton), Dr. A. H. Jones (local hon. sec.), ;\[r. H. T. Fracey (assistant hon. sec.) ln spector F. Gardner, Staff-sergeants W. J. Beal, J. T. :\[ott, Sergeant Ekin o Sergeant Wilkinson (Northampton), Cowley, and Burt and In spector Bradford and Sergeant L\Iatthews(Earl s Barton). fberewas a O'ood attendance, amongst those present being Lord Compton (the pr;sident of the corps ) who made the inspection; Dr. W. W. Clark (Wellingborough), Mr. C. E. Rodh ouse, C.A., and M rs. Rodhouse (Daventry), ;\11'. J. D. Wh.tll'orth, the Rcv. R. R. Cobbold and Mrs. Cobbold, Mr. R. W. Watkins, &c The men were put through bandage drill and stretcher drill, and dealt with a number of cases of supposed woundina performing the movements fairly well. Having marched past, they'were drawn up at the saluting point, where Earl Compton presented the medallions..'

£1

0D

ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tne above In surance Company to the Legal representati ves of an y person killed by an acciden t to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should de ath result within 24 hours after such accide nt. Provided that at the time of such accident t he person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRSI' AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly siO'ned with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time a nd being of the essence of the contract.

William Stephen so n, station-master, Charlton Stati o n, North-Ea stern Railway, had a certificate of honour awarded for great gallantry displayed in rescuing a woman who, on July 26th, 1895, during a thunderstorm, was walking along the railway line with an umbrella up towards an express goods train, whi ch wa s rapidly approaching from the opposite direction: Ste phen so n, noticing- the dangerou s position in whi ch the woman was placed, promptly went to the rescue, and succeeded in puning her down in thc six-foot way just as the ex press pa ssed

tlmbulance UmorR at tbe 1Ro\?al 'Ume()()ing.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade (Metr opolitan Corps), turned out as usual for thi s function ,and their services were req uired in numerous cases. Th e weather on th e 22ntl July was fortunately not so hot as on the previous da y, a nd consequently there was ra t h er a light ca lender.

Tbe Brigade formed the following stations und er the direction of Chief Superintend en :'10rgan :-St. Jame s's Place (St. James' Street)

Bu ckingham Gate, Apsley Gate (Hyde Park ) Arlington Street and Stratton Street, Piccadilly. There were on duty 3 H on Surgeons, 6 Officers, 4 upernumerary Officers 40 rank amI file, 2 1 Nursing Sisters, and 2 drivers, making a total of 76.

The number of cases Itrcated were 199 consisting of Hysteria +, Collapse 2, Epilepsy 3, Faints 186, Contusions 2, Inci sed wounds 2. Some other casualties were reported in the papers, but apparently they were taken by the police into the hospital direct without calling \1, v the Brigade.

Addressina the men, hIS lordship expressed the pleasure which he felt at being°present, and thel? heartily upon the in which they had been through the vanous drills. Tbere was one upon which the St. John Ambulance Bngade could congratulate Itself, and that was that notwithstanding that the present was an age 111 which nearlyever)1thing was freely criticised and often at, they heard no carping critic ism of the work of AssocmtlOn, a?d they were glad to find that .so .many men were .wdlll1g to \'o.luntanly come forwarJ to learn the pnnclples of first aid, 111 order. that 111 f.uture precious lives miaht be sayed and a good deal of suffenng alleVIated. The Centre, he was glad to know, was one of the most flourishing in England, and the of the had done work t.hey had given satIsfactIOn. Ha V111,R a of a bicycle stretcher, the work.of Sergeant Ga..rdner, hIS lordship aga111 spoke of the satisfactory way In w.hlch drdls bad been earned out, and said that there was a very notIceable on the work of two years ago. The imp rovement was not iceable 111 all ways, the bandaging: being neater while the treatment of compo und fractures was excellent all a long the line. Tbe lift.ingof wounded., too, wa s very O'ood althouah a sl i.:rbt improvement might be made 111 a few cases. He w'ished say a s])ecia .word reference to the Earl's B:l.rton Division, the members of which, Slllce they cO?1ll1e?ced work, had set a splendid example to all the rlorth amptonshlre vdlages. by theIr d eterminat ion and zeal, and they had that day reaped theIr rev:ald by be ing visited by the members of the or tbal?pt on Corps, wbo thus paid the Earl's Barton men a graceful compliment, and .showe? that they appreciated the work done. (Applause.) Concludlllg, lordsh ip thanked Mr Whitw orth for the u se of the field; and, III return Mr. 'Vhitworth called for cheers for L ord Compton. These were heartily given, and hi s haying the terminated. Subsequently jIrs. and the :'fJsses IIhltworth enterta111ed the officers and visitors to tea. Lord Compton, too, made a c.lose in spect on of In spector Gardner's stretcher, wblch, fastened as It IS between two bicycles, affords an easy and comfortable ofremovlllg a patient. Lord Compton a ride, bOlh on one of the bicycles and on the stretc her itself, and was highly pleased With the arrangement.

THE DINNER.

At seven o'clock those members of the Brigade who had taken. part jq he inspection, together with a numbyr of friends, sat to dlllner

F I E S T

in the Board Schools, i\Tr. IIoolon catering The Rev. R: R. Cobbold presided, and was supported by Lord Compton, who was obliged to before the conclusion of the repast, and the officers, whose. names O"iven in the report of the inspection. At the proceedmgs which followed the dinner, the usual loyal duly h01:oure? and other speeches were made, Dr. Jones also glVll1g 111 his resignatIOn as Hon. Sec. 1 L d

During the evening some capital songs were sung, lv r. A. an ergan presided at the piano. CHURCH PARADE.

The annual chlllch p:Hade of the Northampton Corps held on Sunday afternoon at All Saints' Church fhe men fell Il1 at .the InfirmalY soon after two o'clock, and. hav1l1g formed a processlO n marched ulHler the command of Chief Supenntendant Perry, and headed by the Temperance Silver B"nd (conducted by Mr. Joseph Rogers), to the church. There was only a small and service was conducted by the Rev. A. H. Snowden, the vicar of _St. Michael and All Angels, Dr. A. H. Jones the lesson. anthem, based on a p:l sage from the Boo.k of I s.amh, was sung, Mr. C. J. Branston giving a very effective mterpretatlOn of the solo. Mr. Snowden standinO" at the chancel steps, gave an addre ss from the words, "Thou shalt kill" (Romans xii ., g), and said" the spirit of the words of the text were fulfilled by the ambulance men, did their best to save life whenever they could, and very useful and admirable was their work. If they could ease pain and save life, they were doinO" env ious work." The collection in aid of the Northampton Gen;ra.l Infirmary, realized I7S.

3]Oi)1l

HOSPITAL SATURDAY FUND CENTRE.- The certificates gained by the students of the recent classes of the Centre were distributed by Lady Esther Smith, on Saturday JU.ly I I , in the City Temple Hall. Mr. Rundell, and all associated wllh hIm, deserve the best support in the good they have undertaken The lecturers, Dr. 10m Taylor and Dr. T. Lister, have won go lden opinions Saturday, in the lVlidland Railway Goods Offices, Mr. R. L. Jervis, the goods agent, presented certificates and badges to twenty-fil'e members of the staff who had attended the lectures conducted by Dr. Andrew Browne under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance As a mark of appreciation of Dr. Browne's servic es, the class presented him with a handsome biscuit-b ox in oak, mounted in il'ory, and bearing a suitable inscription. Mr. Jervis made the Dr. Browne, in returning thanks, urged the members to keep up the theoretical as well as the practical part of the work A vote of thanks to Mr. Jervis, for making the presentation and for the valuable assistar.ce he had always rendered the class, was moved by Mr. Chippendale, t he local secretary, seconded by Mr. Firth, secretary of the Borough Brigade, was agreed to.

FAVERSHAM.-The annual meeting of this centre was held at the Drill Hall, Preston street, on Tuesrlay, 7th July, when a large number of t'le townspeople assembled; ac'ditional interest was evinced in the meeting as L ady Harris had undertaken to distribute the medal:ions and certificates gained during the past year. 1t had been hoped Dr. Milnes Hey, the Deputy Commissioner, would have been present, but that gentleman found it imp03sible to gel through the examinations of the local railway men in time. The foliowing awards were distributl d during the evening, among them being both railway men and members of the local police, 25 first certihcates to men, 12 to women, 12 second certificates and 7 medallions. The Local Secretary, il[r. W. C Stunt, gave a resllllle of the Report, whi ch was received with enthusiasm, special mention being made of the services of the local Division of the Ambulance Brigade which had rendered valuable aid during the past year. Lady Harris, before leaving, made a very neat speech,stating she was delighted to be present that evening to give a\\ay the prizes, and was extremely sorry that Lord Harris was unable to attend, and he wished her to sayan his behalf how much he regretted he could not come and speak a few words of encouragement. She was glad to find there were so many who took an interest in ambulance work. She really felt that she must go in for a certificate, and hoped, if she were asked to present the awards next year, she would have La give one to I t must, she felt sure, be a pleasure to render assistance to those who were in pain. Lady Harris' speech was received with much applause. The whole of the Committee were re-elected several addi tions being made to its number. Special than ks were passed to the Brigade, tbe local Secretary, Treasurer, &c., and the Chairman (the Rev. B. S. when the meeting terminated.

\iT AR1{!NGTON.· The successful members of the Cadishead Am bulance Class received their certificates on Wednesday evening, 1st ult. The presentation was made in the waiting-room of the Glazebrook Station by Mr. Meldrum, the manager of the Cheshire lines. The certificates certified that they had attended a course of i.nstruction of the St. john Ambulance Association, and were qualified to render fir st aid to the injured. The men who attended wore ih.;!ir Mr.

AID. [A ug ust, 1896.

Meldrum said i t gave him O"reat pleasure to find tbat the men of tbe Glazebrook district had themse1vesinto an ambulance class I was a mattei of congratulation that so many had been success ful 111 the examination, and it spoke well for the care the doctors had bestowed up on the class. A feature of the case was.t?at the men had entered into the matter 111 a purely volun ta ry sp mt. lIe appreciated the kindness of the doctors in giving .instruction. It was the first time Glazebrook had had a cor ps, and he did not know another district on the Cheshire lines more impoltant than Glazebrook, and he was certain that the men would find their knowledge of hoped, h owever, that there would be no occasion .to require assistance. He urged them to compete for Liverpool Cups, which were three in number, and small prIzes clttached, which went to the men. It gave him great present .the The class, in orde r to s how their a pprecmtlOn of the. 111 SLrUclJons gIven by Dr. Wright. of Partington, Dr. Robert s, of Gadlsheacl, and Mr. IIugh Williams, of Warrington, bad purchased two pendants from Mr: S. Goldstone, of Manchester, and a h:ll1d some slher-mounted stick. Mr. Meldrum on behalf of the class, presented the doctors With the O"old pendants had their respective names insc ribed, as of their v'oluniary instruction to the class. J?r. Roberts said that he did not expect anything, and would It a great If the class entered the Liverpool contests, the difficulty would be 111 selecting the competing corps M!·. Meldrum. then preser:ted HuO"h Williams the stretcher dnll 111structor, wltb the walkl11g stl(;k, anl'also Mr. of Partington, with a medallion, being the third examination he had passed. Votes of thanks to Mr. Barber (the secretary of the class) and to !VIr. Meldrum, for t he presentations, were heartily passed.

jfirst Bib 1Recorb.

August , 1896.J FIR S T Saving

AID. 107 By" TOURNIQUET. "

SUPERINTE:-.iDENT "\-VINNY to the fore again at Toynbee IIall-this time with the Life Saving work.

* * *

THE Ambulance Competitions at the Life Saving Exhibition were most interesting. Some of the teams were smartness it self.

***

DR. JAMES CANTLIE, Brigade Chief Superintenuent Church Brasier, :tnd Chief Superintendent \V. II. :'lorgan worked very hard each evening in judging the teams.

* **

SUPERINTENDENT Oldham deserves warm support at Crewe. This town will soon have a large corps.

* **

THE appeal for funds to equip the division at Keswick has met with great success I hope the Urban District Council will grant the accommodation desired.

* **

FULHAM

.-A young man named William Bolding, aged 19, residing at Ig, Brookville ROJ.d, Fulham, and emp loyed at Messrs. Stansfel? & Co.'s Brewery, met with a serious accident early on Monday mornl11g, 6th July, by the bursting of a glass bottle which lacerated the arm sever inO" the tendons of the wrist and a lso the mam artery. First aid and successfully rendered by u foreman of stores who is a member of St. August1l1e s Fulham DIVISion, Met ropolitan Co;·ps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and the patient was removed to the nearest doctor who said it was a hospital case. The bleeding having been successfully stayed, young was. then drive.n to St. George's Hospital, and there detained as an 1I1-patlent. He IS no N progressing very favourahly.

POTTERIES CORPs.-At 5 a.m. on June 5th, Sergt. Deakin and P.C. Knight, of the Borough Police Force, received information that a woman had cut her throat. They proceeded at once, and found the woman bleeding badly, but were su?cessful in stopping it. Dr. Dickson was called in, and after sti tching up the wound, ordered her removal to the Workhouse hospital, whence she was taken on the police ambulance by P.C., Bloor, and has June 2gth, Drill-Instructor T. Cook was on duty 111 KlIlg Street when the horse attached to a. mineral water cart became restive; the driver seized the reins, but in doing so the near wheel of the cart went over his right foot. Cook t00k him into an inn, ,mel the foot, and found no bones were broken, but two toes were brUised, and badly discoloured. Liniment was applied, and the man after a time was able to proceed on his journey.-At 7.+0 p.m. on july loth, C. Fowler received information that a man had fallen down 111 George Street, and on proceeding there h e the man suffering an epileptic fit, and after rvndering first al(l the man recovered suffiC ently to be removed home.

AMBULANCE CO:\'CERT AT TOYNBEE lJ ALL. -On Tueday, July 1+th, an Open Air Concert in the quadrangle at Toynbee IIall was held at which the Toynbee Hall Nursing Guild, Toynbee Hall Division of the Brigade, and students at ambulance classes were present. Colonel BawdIer, Deputy-Commisioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, presided, and at an interyal in proceedings 1\1rs. Stephen Mackenzie, treasurer to the N ur s1l1g GlIlld, presen ted a n umber of certificates and medallions. Short addresses to those present were delivered by Canon Barnett, who expressed hi s pleasure at the steady O"rowth of ambulance work at Toynbee IIall, by Mrs. Barnett, who, as President of the Nursing Guild, alluded to the keen interest shown by its members in their work, and by Superintenden "Vinny, who gave figures showing the number of students who had been trained at Toynbee Hall that session A short display of ambula n ce work was given under the ciirection 0 1 Superintendent Winny, and a Guard of Honour, directed by Second Officer Kimber, rece ived Colonel BawdIer. An excellent concert was provided, and the quadrangle with the pretty buildings overgrown with creeper and decorated with flowers pr esented a pleasing effect. There was a large attendance.

THIS Exhibition, which was organised in aid of the funds of Guy's Hospital, was ce rtainly n ot patron sed as .well as the cause to whic.h the funds were to be devoted deserved DUring the first week a senes of ambulance competitions were held in connection the Metropolitan Corps of the St. J olm Ambula.nce Brigade. The following teams competed :-No. St. John's Gate Division; NO.2 St. John's Gate Division· Great Northern Ra.ilway (King's Cross Division); two teams 1\1idland Railway (S1. Pancras) Division; South l\Ietropolitan Gas Company Division (two teams); East IIam Division; Uxford House Division, and Cyclist Division. The winners of the preliminary competitions were No. I St. John's Gate, Great (NO.1 team), East Ham and South Metropolitan Gas Company (No I tea m) The final result as. St. John's .G.ate (No. I Division), Sergeant E. P. Philips, PrIvates Millwood, C. Phdl!ps, Ely and Y1ason; (No. I Team), Sergeant Harvey, ·VVI;,ghel.c1 , SCrIven, Wddman an.d Clark; Third, East IIam DIVISion, Sllpermtendent Hodgson, Pnvates F Cosborn, J BrickwelI, T. Allison, and E. Craven. The judges were Dr. J. Cantlie, Brigade Chief Superintendent W. J. Church Brasier, and Chief Superintendent liVilliam H. Morg:tn. The prizes, which were the gift of -''ir s. Laurence Donnett, were presented by that lady on Saturday July 18th. A hearty vote of thanks was proposed to Mrs. Dennett for her great kindness, and was responded to in a neat little speech by her husband Mr. L. Dennett who in the COllrse of his remarks expressed the pleasure that his wife took in work of this character. Dr. jam es Cantlie, Ireplying to tbe vote of to the judges, warmly commended the various teams on the excellence of their work, and in conclusion stated that if ever it should be his unfortunate lot to meet with an accident he trusted that he might be fortunate enough to fall into the bands of one of the gentlemen who he had had the pieasllre of judging, as he considered that he would then have a very fair chance of recovery from the effects of such acciden t.

1RaiIwa\? Bccibent at 1kingt s (tross (<B.1tt 1R. )

ON Wednesday, July 22nd, a somewhat serious accident took place at the King's Cross (G.N.R.) Suburban Station. The Edgware train which is timed to leave at 6.10 p.m. had just cleared the station when several of the coaches, from some unexplained re:tson and which up to the present is a mystery, left '_he rails. The first derailment took place at a crossingjust outside the station, which, as usu,ll with a terminus, is a perfect maze of metals, and may hal'e been caused by the oscillation set up in the train by passing over the complex crossing. The leading wheels of the fourth coach from the engine left the rails, the left-hand wheel of the pair struck against the check rail, and cut off the portion (about IS inches lon g) projecting beyond its first chair as cleanly as if done by a powerful cutting machine; the right-hand wheel at the same instant mounted the rail, dropped down the other side of it, and cut off the bolt and nut by which the" locking" bar of the points is fastened to the rails.

The next five coaches probably left the rails at this point, and the permanent for the next 80 yards was very considerably damaged. The debris, consisting of broken chairs, fish-plates, bolts, trenails, point-rods and connections, tongue rails, sleepers, and splinters of the wood forming the covering to the points, &c.

liVhen the train came to a standstill, the eng1l1e, the three leading, and part of the fourth, coaches were in the new gasworks tunnel; the body of the fifth coach-a second-class one, No. Ig8-was lying on its left-hc111d side , fou ling the down goods road. The frame of this coach was also on its left-hand side, the right-hand side being in the :til" at an angle of about 75 degrees, so that there was a considerable space between the right-hand, or topmost, bottom of coach body and its rame.

The train which, as a rule, does not carry a large number of passengers, was, upon this cccasion, probably owing to the Royal wedding, crowded, and it is a m,ltler of congratulation that a larger number of the passengers were not injured. The King's Cro,s (G.N.R.)

Division of the Metropolitan Corps, under Superintendent Painter was promptly on the spot, and rendered good service in succouring the injured. Pte. E ly, of the No. I St. John's Gate Division, who was a passenger in the overturned coach, but who fortunatelyescaped injury, also rendered go.)d service to his fellow passengers.

FAVERSHAM -On Tuesday, the 7th insl., the Deputy Commissioner, Dr. Miln es lIay, attended :tt this station for the examination of those who have qualified during the recent lectures, and it is hoped there will be a goodly 11l11nCer found to h:tve met the standard required by the It is needless to say the urbanity anel courtesy ever present With thiS gentleman, successfully won the good opinion of those who presented themselves, and sbould haye gone faJ" to h:1.ve dispelled the nervousness generally present at a first examination.

i\1 Y friend in the provinces who objects to my Notes, has be en having another go at my Editor. He complains that last month, owing to my " pars," the report of the American Ambulance Service wa s c rowded out. In deference to his wishes my column this month is to be curtailed; indeed I should be glad to hear the opi n ions of our readers generally as regards my Notes; and I can assure our good friend that should the consensus of opinion be again st me I will willingly surrender my columns to my other colleagues on the staff

I SHO ULD like to say tbat I quite endorse our friend's yiews, that ambulance work is a serious subject, but at times we have our opp o rtunities for recreation-for inst:tnce, our smoking concerts, garden parties, &c why, therefore, should our journal not also haye its lighter side The Fire Brigade Service s also a serious subject, but even its journals enliven their columns with a few jocular pars, and I am not aware that the members of the Fire Service protest against them. ,. '*'

NEXT month we hope to publish an article on .\mbulance work in Hong Kong, by Dr. James Cantlie, who has recently returned fro111 that Colony. Dr. Cantlie, who was one of the most popular lecturers of the St. john Ambulance Association in its early days, has been appointed an Honorary Surgeon to the St. John s Gate Nursing Division of the St. john Ambulance Brigade. Those of our readers who ha\·e the pleasure of Dr. Cantlie's friendship will join with us in a hearty w and in tbe wish that he may now remain amongst us for many years.

By kind permission of Francis Ley, Esq., an Ambulance and Demonstration will be held on the Baseball Ground, Derby. Colonel will be the inspecting officer.

SEDGLEy.-FEVER FOLLO\\ S A DROUGHT.-Wate!· famine pl:el ails at Cinderhill, Sedgley, a district which contains the highest cultll·ated land in England. Owing to its great all1tude, no waterworks company will lay pipes to supply the district \\'lth water. In cons:quence of the 10nO" drollO"ht the wells are noll' dry, and fevel has broken out. The are endeal'ouring to arrange for a water supply. HOSPITAL SATURDAY follo\\ing appointments hUI'e been approved by Sir Wiliiam McCormac to be surgeons :-Dr. Tom Taylor, F.R.C.S., Dr. Lister, F.E.C.S., L.R.C.P. The. Deputy CommISSIOner has the followinO" officers :-Supenntendent, Mr. A. R. Rundell, Secletary anJ :'IIr. II. Da\l"kes; lnspector of tllr.. J: .Bundy; M iss Julia Mann, Lady Superintendent of the 1\ urs1l1g DII·Islon, and l\liss Edith Mann, Secretary.

lOS FIRST

IMPORTAIQ'"T NOTICE.

We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the mo.nth. In order to meet the requi reOlents of the trade, 1 mugt be actually published by the 25th or 26th so we must ask all our ('orrespondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd a the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS.

As no paper at the present day can v.-i!hout Advertisements, we beg t o draw the a !.t e ntJOn o f Advertisers to this Journal It has b ee n in for months, nas a steadily increasing vi rculatlOn. and 1S the OTlly Jourr.al cf its kind circulating firstaiders in all palts of the world, and 1S read by thousands every month. Thes e arH f a cts worth knowi ng and digestin g.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 m onths, IS. 6d, post free, to be sent to the Publish ers, Alan Palmer & Co., I I , Lud gate Hill, L ondon, E.c. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY. LONDON."

FIRs'r AID

...1 [,H-UST 1, 1896

AI J5.

Briaade ha\- e now the satisfaction of knowing that their in h elpin g t o r e li e \'e ? ee n see n and appreciated b y their. S OyereIgn , It IS llldeed a great reward for th ei r patIence and wlll111gness to go on duty whene\'er required. P erhaps th e Ambulance .:3.tation at Buckinaham Palace will be much so u ght after 111 future on occasion , alth ough we are certain, from our knowledae of the mem bers of the St. John Ambulan ce Briaade 0 that the" want no special inducement to do their du'ty a t any place when called upon. The hundreds that were succoured by the members of th e Ambul ance Brigade will remember with gratitude that such sen-ices were avai lab l e for their benefit. Many cases \"hich are recorded as faintin a , are really attac k s of ,-ncope, due to a weak or di ea;ed heart and. if .not promptly relieyed would soon haye a fatal termll1atlOl1. One must not, for thi reason, always regard" fain t s as triflina for eyen the rest of half-an-hour, or an hour, 111 a recum""bent po sition and a little means the difference between life and death. ThIS 1S JU ,t where ambu lan ce work comes in and does an imm ense amount of aood and we feel cO lwin ced thar when the publi c: appreciates its bel:efits, more prominen.ce be giyen to amb ul ance statlOns and more protectlOn \\'111 be gi \'en by the police authoritie

AID 109

That she nny b e PJr e.i to carry 011 the good WOI k she ha s undertaken 111 conJ unction with her hu sband with so mu ch zeal enterprise, is most earne st wi h.

[:lJr H <Bqllipof5f" ?Lamp

•

ROYALTY A:\,D

AMBULA:\,CE.

THE occasion of another ,,'edding in our R oya l Family, and the procession following upon it, which was witnessed by thousands of sightseers from all parts of the country, has again brought to the fore, and shown in an unmistakable manner, the good work that can be done in the streets of London by an organised ambulance sen·ice.

,\Ve take the opportunity of offering our congratulations to the newly - wedded couple, the Prince and Princess Charles of Denmark, and ill wishing them eyery happiness in their future life, we are sure that we are bu t echoing the thoughts that are running through the minds of our readers and all first-aiders.

Although the arrangements made for the wedding procession and the street c-ecorations were not on the same grand sca le as 011 the occasion of the marriage of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, and the route of the proce s ion \\'as much shorter, yet the crowds that thronged the stree t s in order to see th e yari ous members of the Royal family were enormous, and strained so mewhat se yerely the re so urces of the Metropolitan Police, who had, we believe, but little assistance from the military authorities It was yery fortunate for the public and for tho e concerned in keeping order that the t?mperature on \V ednesday, the 22nd ult., was conSIderably lo:ver than on preceding day; if it had been otherwlse the casualtIes from the heat would ha ye been yery numerou. \ Ve und ers tand that the ca es reported by the St. John Am bulance Brigade consisted chiefly of fainting attacks, which reminds us of the predominance of the fair sex at functions of this kind.

There was one littl e in cident that happ e ned which shows the \yomanly sympathy our SoYereign feels towards of suffering when neces ity arises. A woman fall1ted 111 the crowd ?utside Buckingham Palace, she was obsen'ed. by He!- Majesty, and our gracious and beloyed Queen ImmedIately ordered her remoyal ill to the Palace grounds under the shad o\\! of the portic o of the J,xlyate entrance, and during tbe time that she remamed there Her Maj es ty made frequent enquiries as to the state of tbe unfortunate sufferer. Th e members and nursing sisters of the St. J ohn Ambulance

l{rlllluCll' gminlfanrl'.

EDT:\,BURGH (PR1:-<CES STREET) C.R. CORPS.- The members of this corps h eld their sixth annual competition ?n Sunday, 12th ult. .There was a large tu-n - out of members. Dr."\ oung acted as Judge In the practical work, and Dr. Dewar took ora l. pa.rt. men.:bers were balloted into squads, there bein a a sen lor and J Ul110r dl \·ISlOn. rIv e squads entered the senior and four the jUllior division After the work, practical and oral, was completed, the mem,hers and friends to the general waiting room, where the pnzes. were tasteful.ly laId out. ;\1r.

Telfer, captain of the corps, took the chalf, and apologIsed for the of iHr. Kinghorn, honorary president of the corps, who was una\'Oldably absent· also for .:\I essrs Farquharson, Han'er, &c. Dr. Young then announ'ced the results in the senior competition: 1st prize, each a handsome cup (by the corps), NO.3 squad, '\:ith 185 marks, James £\nder son (Edin burgh) , W. Eldel, R. Brown, J. DIckson, and \Y. 2nd prize, silver badges (presented by :1.11'. 5 squad, WIth 179 marks, IV. Jeffrey, H. ;\lason, J. HInd, "' Guthn.e, .and J Ferguson; 3rd prize, si lver medallions of St., (by the corps) XO.2 squad, with 175 marks. ". :\Illlar, "'. l\llt che ll , James Edg.u, James Strachan, and IV. Frame. Dr. an.nounced the results for the junior di\'ision: 1st prize handsome t,mepleces (by 1\[r. :'\0. I squad, with 2 marks, :\Ie ssrs. :\l c :\l1llan, Hume, Nelson, fraser, and Stewart 2nd prize, si lver badges (presented by nIr. jeweller), :'\0. 3 squad, with 170 ,marks, Messrs! lIendry, F lem1l1gs, Young, Douglas, and Robertson. Ihe Doctors hIghly com.mended the work done as being of a \'ery high order. i\1r. Telfer then, In the name of the corps, presented Dr. Young and Dr. Dewar e:H:h WI th a table gong in oak mountings as a acknowledgment of the services rendered by them on many occasIOns In such a ready manner. Both gentleman returned thanks for the gifts, and after the usual yotes of thanks the meeting closed.

NORTH EASTER:-< RAILWAY CE:-':TRE.- The annual meeting of the aboye Centre wss held in the Board R oom, Dock Offices, Hull. hy kind permission of the North Eastern Railway on Sunday, the 19th ult., :\1r. F, Penty (York) Chalrm:tn, presdlng; representatives were present [rom the following districts : Darlingt on, Haltle .lOol, Hull, Leed s, and York. The General S ecretary (,\1 1'. T. W. Smith, Xewcastle), reported that good progress had been m:t\le all oyer the N.E.R. system S1l1ce the formatIon of the Centre In No\'ember last; So new classes had been formed, to which 1229 and bandages had been issued, 860 members ha? already passed .t helr first examination, 26+ their second, and I07 theIr final examInatIOns; and the strength of the districts was as follows: Darlington, b+1; IIartiep ool, 160; llull, +50 Leeds, 200; Xe',""cast e, 735; Ycrk, 665; making at total of 2851 active members. During the last s ix months first aid had bee n rendered by .E. R. men to their comrades and others in 432 C:lses, but all cases h ad not peen reported. General satisfaction was [elt at the generous treatment received at the hands of the Directors and the General Manager [or the facilities that h ave been give n to the members for the holding of their meetings, &c.

LADY SCPEIU:\'TE:\'DE:';T '\\T. J. CH{'RCH BRASIER. this ., l Issue of our paper we present for the fir t time existence the likene s of a lady, and we feel not only the sterne r but-- also the gentler se x ,,-ill gladly welcome its appearance as the preof mallY rortraits to come lif other ladr\yorkers. 1If s. Church Brasier, who is the wile of the much esteemed Brigade Chief Superintendent, has, during her connection with the Brigade won for the friendship of a larg e circle of first-aiders both in London and the Provinces Joining the St. John Ambulance Brigade in June, J893, .Mr s. Brasier was appointed Lady Superintendent of the St. John's Gate Kursing Diyi sion during the following month. In our second number t, ] 89-+, \,e ga\--e a detailed account of a se riou accident that befel PriYate F. Friend, of 2 Diyi sion. t. John's Gate, \yhil t ren, dering yaluable aid at the Brigade Camp at \\ Testgate-onSea to a carman whose life was in danger. Pri\--nte

Friend was carefully nursed by Lady Superintendent Church Brasier in her apartments from Saturday until Monday, when he was rem oyed to the Great.l\' orthern H ospital, London. f\fr s. Bra ier learn t the l e--son of Nursing in a good sc bool-her own home. For .:o;re years she deyoted her life to the care of her Ii ttle son, " Laddie ," who during thi period ,,'as at times in a mo t critical condition, but who we are now glad to report, is growing up and gailJing s trength. That he owes hi life to his mother's de\'otion and nur ing, no one can doubt.

This apprenticeship sen'ed l\Jrs. Brasier in good stead when nursing Private Friend, and her untiring deyotion to duty on tllis occasion earned for her the lo\'e and esteem of Friend and hi comrades. The proposal that a Pari h Nurse be appointed for the Pari h of ::-t. John ClerkeJlwell, owes much to Mr s. Bra sier, and pending the appointment of one he has undertaken, with the kind a si tance of the N ursi ng Si ters of her Di \'ision, the care of any cases requiring special attention in the neighbourhood.

Lady SuperinLendent Church Brasier was made a 1 Honorary Sen' ing Sister of the Order of St. J oh11 uf Jerusalem in 18q::;.

On th e occasio;l of the recent Fire Tournament, as \ye r.;corded in our last iss ue, the Chief of the French Fire Sen-ice pre se nted the decoration of t:.at sen'ice be himst:lf was wearing to Mrs . Brasier, and it will be remember ed when the se n ' ice of rlate \\'a s pr e'cn ted to the Brigade Chief Superi nt endent recentl)" , that the Officers and m e mb ers of th e l\letr opolitan Corps presented Lrldy Super int e ndent Church Br asier with a di:l1llond ring.

\T Life Slli 19 Exhibition at the Centnl Hall, lJ o lborn, m1. n r of a mo,t lIseful nature were in the huilding. Ila:.-In;; ,n \'lew lar6e of are lo st through accld;nts. \Y';: especI ,dlyeX1l1l1:1ed the EqtllpOlse Lamp, in\'(n'ed by _c\. II. Th lmp;vf1, which is a most ing : nious ide:l. Its Inme inJ'icate3 the of upn :l a u ;lil'ersal joint, by which means r,::s';r\·O!r IS al \\' lyS I·ertlcal. The lam p can be lllrned upsiJe dvll-n. anJ 'I'Il P -prj;.Ic,HT'

e\'en thrown int? inflammahle material wi tbou any danger of fire or esc:! pement of od. J to us that there is a great future for the lamp; for as the 1l1\'e ntar states, and we sa\\' same demonstrated the is imm.edi.ately extinguished the lamp falls o\'er, the .1l1gress o.f air IS at onc.e stopped 1l1deed, the lamp may be conyeP-lentIl' extIngUished by tilt1l1g same on o ne side. Thomps on was a\I'arded a sil\'er med:tl [or his il1\'ention at the Life Exhibition.

.: \ CORRESPO:\DE:\T writes to me to gi\'e an instance of the 'alue of the first-aid training that the City P o!ice recei\'e. He says, the opinions expres3eJ by a contemporary, that-C. Those II'ho are so unfortunate as to suffer a heat attack should t'ike especial c:-lre to be "'ithin the limits of the City. If they fall within the jurisdiction of the :J1 etro]Jolitan Police they are likely to be arrested for drunkenness, anJ laid down 0:1 a form to 'come round,' as wa s tile case a fortnight with a poor omnibus d,i\,er, who did !lot' come round,' and whose death told the police tbat it \\'as not drunkenness, but sunstroke, from whi ch he \\',lS suffering. I n the City every policeman possesses lb e St. john \m bulance certificate of competency to render first aid. It is a condition of his appointment that he shoulu gain it, and he is, there fore. able to discriminate between illloxintion and sunstroke. One nel'er hears of the City Police putting a \'ict im of sunstroke into the cells as a n intoxicated person , an-i one does he:!r occasionally of the :\lelr opolitan Police making 50 deplorable an error. Why does not the flome Secretary insist upon e \' ery policeman p03sessing the The Go\'ernment make an annual grant to the t. John _\mbulance and Ihat splendid organiz,ltion \," ould, we are sure, gladly U Ide'l:lke to make every constable as competent as eyer} Cit)' jl cJlicellan is, to a 'oid a blunder such as that which cost the omnibus dril-er hi" li'-e lIst week." \"hy does not the Home Secretary take the action til It In\' l'lr"espondent adl"o rates? The question, 1 Yentl11e to 5:1)'. Clnnot be allowered.-D{\· Prc'ss, ,l:1K· 5·

LIFE SA\,1:-':G AT TOY:-\IlEE BAI.L.-,-\t a meetinz helJ at T,Y:l' )ee H all on J LIly .2 7th, steps we re taken to form a bra nchof the Life Sa , <ing Society with t\\'o sections. one for \\'omen. and one for men. Particulars of membershi p may be obtained fro111 ;\1e. W H. \Yin ny, acting secretary. Practices will be held on Thursdays at the Aldgate Baths.

Al10'u st, o 0G.j @ur l80rtrClit ®Cllh'rl].

FIRST

3Jobn Qbnlmlante 13rigal:Je.

H ,\LlrpsTEAD.-:'lrs. Henry Clarke, the wife of the t:easurer of this dil'i;ion of the Ietropolitan Corps, distributed the recently d b the members on Thursday, July 23rd, at Cannon Hall, },Iount. practical il.l.ustratlOns of first aid and stretcher drill were given. 1 he grounds, kllldly lent by Mr. Clarke were thrown open from 5.30 to 7.30. Supenntendent E.vans i s energetic, and deserves the warmest support of all first-alders in Hampstead.

BIRMI:-IGHALlI.-At the monthly meeting o[ the committee of this Corps, held at the chief Fire last 1fr. A. R Tozer presidinO' III cases in "hi ch dunng the prevIous month first ;:ud had been were reported. A new division of the brigade was. announc ed as having been formed at Belmont Row, and Mr. DaVIS and IIawkins were accepted as representative and deputy-representatIve respectively. Fireman Smith, LonglT'ore Street., who recently displayed conspicuous ability in treatlllg the case of a chIld who had fallen [rom a height in to the River Re a, and fractured a 11mb, was called before the committee and complimented. were made for ments of the briO'ade to attend the forthcom1l1g lifeboat demonstratlon.On Sa urday July 4th , the me.mbers of the above ne'.vly-formed division at Belmont Row, gave theIr Ambulance DIsplay and Entertainment in the Lecture Hall adJolll lllg Wesleyan assisted by members of the L. & T. "V, Ry., ew street diVISIon (under the direction of Mr. C. vV. Cursley). The consisted of examples of with the Stretcher Drills, &c" ReSUSCitatIOn COnclU?lllg With an. ImitatIon railway collision, Songs wel:e rendere? at l11tervals .by MISS W Ilk es and H Borrows reCitatIOns by MISS Txler; Jndl.an club solo by Mr. E, Dawson, B.A.!.; pianoforte solo by Misses DaVies Hopton. Mr. S. F. Jeffs officiated as accompanist. Jno. Hawkl11s, Esq., occupied the Chair, and evening presented, on behalf of the members, an inkstand and wntl11g ,case tD Dr. E. O. Bark the Hon. Surgeon, and a walkmg to :\11'. Peter DaVies, Superintendent of the DiVISI o n Badges were presented s Hawkins to the members who had recently pas sed the eXamll1atlOn. It is very creditable to that all the members who came up for examination passed-2r In number.

CRE\\,E.-Since our la st report much good work has accomplished. In May last a grand concert and ambulance dIsplay was given in the Town Hall, which proved most and, a mu s ca l standpoint, one of the bes t ever hel? In Crewe The arti sts included :\liss Marie Smith C\1anchester), MIS S Evans (wmner of the contralto prize solo at the Wo:-ld's ExhiJ;>ition, Chicago), Mr. 'Valter Lawley (tenor, Crewe), humOrI s t, I\Ir. Wyatt. (Man chester).

Another s pe cia feature. was the ,presence of Bngade Chlef-Supenn tendent W. J. Church BraSier, who , m a few WE'll chosen remark s , SaId .he was pleased to vi sit Crewe for the first time, and urged every first-alder .to identify themselves with the Crewe corps. (Appla use.) Much p:alse is due to Superintendant Oldham " who concert entIrely at personal risk, and although It dId not realIze what 'Tl1ght be eXt>ected, it has proved that the ambulance men can not only rel:der first aId, but can give a thoroughly good concert, and thus obtaI? support of mu sic lovers. The Mayor of Crewe (Alderman Mc;\eIl) proposed a heany Yote of thanks to the his visit, which was ably seconded by J. H. i\Ioore, Esq., thi S br.mgmg a joyable evening toa close: TIon. Surgeon J o.nes kmdly entertaIned

NIl'. Church Brasier. Tne Alexander AthletIC Fe st Ival wa.s held on June 15th, and the committee kindly provided. acco,mmodati?n unfortunately our services were frequentl y reqll1s1 tl?ned 1 cases mcluded :\1r. Pid d uck of Alsager, fractured patella, Cyclist Phillips, Shrewsbury, fra ctured codar-bone, and several superficial injuries. Superintendant Oldham wa s highly complimented on the satisfactory way in which the cases were treated, and the' sFectators fully appreciated our presence. :\Iany more cases ha ve been attended by :nembers We have just been in existence twelve month s, and are begmnmg to feel our feet, and hope ere long to possess a large and intelligent corps.

KESWICK. - Sincethe formation of the Keswick Divi s o n it hasincreased n public favour and u sefulne ss , as a re s ult, the members felt encouraged to appeal to the publIC [or funds for the purchase o f an A s hford Litter (complete). As a result of the appeal the hand so me sum of £20 o s. 6d. was forthcoming, which will enable u s to purchase the litter, also bags containing s plints, bandages, &.c., [or the members in different parts o[ the town. \Ve are n ow waltll1g for the Urban District Council to do their share, in granting us th e use of the old fire engine sta t ion. By the time this appears in print 'we expect the litter will have arrived at Keswi<k, and the people will see that theIr money has been well spe nt,

POTTERIES CORPs.-Regular work and good drill have taken place by the various divi s ions o[ this co rps during J ul y. Detachments attended the Hospital Saturdaygathenngs at Newcastle and Stoke, and gave very intere st ing demonstrations to the public, who appeared to heartily appreciate the benefit of such work J n re s ponse to an invitation [rom

AID. [Au g ust , 1 89 6.

the Burslem Cycling Club Committee , 2nd officer with a squad, attended the Evening Spo.rts on iV on?ay, July 6. T,helr services were required in two one rIder fa ll mg the three miles .race and sustaininO' a severe abraSIOn of the sk111 on nO'ht cheek and chm The other was caused by a comt>etitor in the police race, who fell and scraped his arm ;J.nd damaged hiS knuckle:; Each of the cases was smartly dealt with by our squad A detachment also attended Port Vale Sports, where one. case was attended to Rivers, a Burslem cyclist, fell in the half-mIle race, and had the skll1 scratched off both arm s left hip and shoulder. After treatment by the he was much better, and able to turn out later on. The Leycett DIVISIOn held their usual monthly meeting on the 8th, when half-a-dozen new members were enrolled, and good drill work was got through. The place of meeting of this division is altered to Madeley Heath Schools, to suit the new members, and It IS hoped to shortly enrol further new members, There have been no serious cases to attend to at Leycett during July. The Potteries C01ys have been in.vited t.e send a couple of squads to the Stoke AthletIC Ground f.or the Sports Jl1 August.-On June rSth, this date being fix:ed for Hospital Saturday, the men of the Newcastle Divi sion gave a display for the fund. At 6.30 20 men, in charge of Sergt. S. 'Vade, assem.bled Market Cross 111 High Street and gave a display of ba.ndag111g, .spll!1tl!1g, and drill, artificial respirati o n, and carryl11g exerCises, the dem.onstra tlOn being closely watched by the onlookers, who were .1l1terest.ed. Two new officers have been appointed to the Newcastle the month and the members are looking forward to mak1l1g the DIVISIon one of the 'best in the Corps. Drills are held in the Rye Cro.ft Schools Newcas tle, every Friday night, at 8 the officers Will be glad to see any of the members from other DIVISIons SHRE\y313URY.-This corps, under the superVISIOn of Capta1l1 Williams-Freeman (shief superintendent) atlended a fete held in the Shrewsbury Quarry on 'Vhit Monday last, when cases of " First Aid" were rendered. A tent was placed at the dIspo sa of the corps by the Shrewsbury Town Club comm.ittee had the management of the fete), and It was well eq-Ulpped. With the material belonging to the Brigade. No les: than patIents were beinO' attended to at the same moment, and It was satIsfactory to find that "'the members on duty were able to cope with the work without delay. There were ten cas.es in all, of which were the o[ bicycle ac cidents-some bemg rather seno us. The annual meeting of the Brigade was held on the 22nd J\1ay to pass the report alltl balancesheet.

Hnlbulanc e 'UUlol'k in Hll1cric8.

Oontin1lecZ.

The Trustee s have long been of the opinion .that the present ambulance selV ice is inadequate to the neceSSIties o[ the central or of the various remoter sections. They have, 111 response to the requests which have been made by the City Council the consideration of this branch of the inquiry, endeavoured to ascerta1l1 to su!Sgest such improvements in the ambulance syste.m, and as WIll, 111 their opinion, assist the people, and e.speclally the Inh.abltants. of the outlying district, and ma.ke the hospital accommodatIOns, whIch .tbe city supplies at the public as nearly as may be, acceSSIble alike to all citizens of the muniCipality

They believe tbat the ambulance system should be extende,d, and that the outlying districts of East Boston, Charlestown, Bnghton, West Roxbury, and Dorchester should each have an ambulance for its special use, centrally located, and to be for the o[ its sick and injured to the Boston CIty HospItal.' or to such hospital as the patient desires. to reac h. .They that the c.lty should further establish a hospItal statIOn 111 each whIch the ambulance for that district shall be kept, and to w.hlch, 111 case of emeraency either from accident or from sudden SIckness, it call for the may be made, or. to patients may be taken for the purpose of necessary llnmedtate care, for a. proper permanent disposition. For the purpose of recelvl!1g such patients, and for such only, two or three beds and appliances should be supplIed, and there shou.ld always be III attendance a nurse, or other proper person w ho be able .t? care [or and to afford to the sufferer the necessary first ald. Tn additIOn, at a certain fixed hour in each day, to be made publicly known, one o[ the admitting staff of the Boston City be to whom application may be made for. admiSSIOn to the City HospItal by such patients as can more there than, seek hospital itself. For each dlE-tnct a local relIef of ,Pel haps .'" 0 members of the medical profession should be apP0111ted, 111 connectI.on with the present hospital staff, who should ?e c01;nected With the station by telephone, and who could be called upon in case o[ n eed. It may be further. found, ';Ipon experIence, a skilled house-officer from the Boston CIty Hospital shou d '?e detaIled for service at sllch station, and eventually it may also be adV Isable tbat

A ug ust, 1 896 .J FIR S T an out- patient department should be regularly maintained at the station. Should the hospit.al station be so provided, it is probable that it could do most of the surgical and medical work which the Poli ce Department is obliged to call for at the various stiltions, and might save the CilY a considerable expenditure. The amount spent the past year by the Police .Commis.sioners for attendance and medicines furnished to Sick and I!1Jured persons exceeded 85,200, The charge care of hospital station would necessarily belong to the Boston CIty HospItal Department, but the Tru s tees are of the opinion that the ambulance w<;>rk might well he done by m e mbers of the Pohce t, detailed [or the purpose, and who should carry out the work 111 much the same manner as the present ambulance work of the is now performed. Preliminary information and handlirg cases of suduen sickness and accidents generally come to the Department, and the police necessarily begin the transporta tlon of patients. These hospital stations, if so established, should be located nelr the police houses of the district.

If policy of establishing hospital stations is adopted, it would undoubtedly be the better course to proceed at once with the establishment of a single station, and thus experimemally the best methods [or their establishment and management, before proceedinO' with further stations. <>

The cost of establishi'1g a hospital is of course problematical, and only very general figures can be gIven 111 ad\'ance of an experiment sl;ch as is proposed.

If there are not quarters in a city building which could be utilized o r the purpose, a small hOllse of eight or ten ro o ms, reasonably adequate for the:,e needs, could probably be obtained. To plOyide s uch a house with the required furniture and the proper appalatus and appliances for the special work of the station would cost, say -:3 ,000 For maintaining such a station for a year, including rent, wages of and employes, telephone and messenger service, medical and sur.glcal supplIes, food stores, coal, gas, and. water, it is roughly e stimated that $5,000 would be needed. Should It be deemed ad\'isable to make the trial, the Trustees would recommend that the sum of $10,000 should be appropriated to coyer the expense of the establishment and maintenance of such a station for a year.

The Trustees feel called upon to add that it is undoubtedly true, also, the ambulance system for the portions of the city, where, mdeed, fuur-fifths of all the aCCIdents and cases of sudden occu.r, is far inadequate to .the pre se nt necessities, and they that eIther the number of police ambulances in these districts should be increased and better methods of summoninO' them adopted, or that the three great hospit a ls existinO' in the of hospital need s the Bost0n City Hospital, should'" each establish an sC1'yice for the portion of the city more especially within its JUrIsdlcLon.

In s,Jeakin6' of the re?dered. by, the police, t.he Tru tees of the CIty IIo spltal remark It 15 but JustIce to the PolI ce Department to say that the ambulan ces under their care have been of great use, and that the ambulance work of th a t department has been as a whole, excel!ently performed, 'Vhen the service was first becrud by. t.he police, alout five or six years ago, there was more or less sobcltude on purt of many connected with the larger hospitals as to the. uses to which the ambulances would te put, and the method in which the \yOI k would. be done.. .1 t was feared that they might be used a mean s <;>f secunng admISSIOn to the hospital s of chronic and Int"urable medIcal cases, sllch as should be placed under charcre of the Directors of Public r and also lha accident cases not receive the careful handling and treatment which they required. Such fear.s, however, have n.ot been well founded. Large numbers of the ,\ollce Department, 0": 111$5 to the. given by the Massachusetts Emergency a.nd. ASSOCIatIOn, have acquired a valuable kno\\ledge and sktlll11 first aid to the injured, and this instruction has enabled the pollce to do a large amount of emerO'ency work of a high quality." ""

The Boston City Hospital has 3 ambulances. The Police Station at East Boston r ambulance.

The Police Station at the 1\'orth End Tne Police Station at the South End

The Police Station at Field's Corner, The Small -pox Hospital (for special cases)

Later add:tions This makes a total of General H03pitals

A I D . 111

SA:-I CAL. (PO PULATION, 29 8,997).

The ambulance sen·i.ce is under the dire ct ion of the Police Departme.I.1t, the vehicles being. att.ended by policemen only. city is ::l1.\lded Into dlstncts-but all cases are taken direct to the Clly Recel\'1ng II osplta [.)J' imm ediate treatment.

CI:-lCI:-I:-IATI, OHIO (POPULATIO:-I, 29 6 ,90g ). no ambulance system. Th e Cincinnati Hospital belonginO' to the city has three ambulances, the C.S. ;\Iarine Hospital has fn extreme cases on ly phYSICians accompany the vehicle. Th e Police D epar tment has nm ; co 'e red patrol wagon s, which can be co n\'ert( d mto "comfortable' ambulances.

OHIO (POP ULATION , 29 6 ,9 03 ).

Xone of the ho sp itals maintain amhulances ?\early all the und er:akers have ambulances and resp,?nd t<;> If called by the police there IS no charge. If called by pm'ate 111dl\'lduals in cases of accident or the charge is "5 (£r). The maintains a municipal hospItal WIth one ambulance; It IS und er no expense for ambulance service.

B UFFAL O, X,Y. (POPULATIO:-:, 255,66-+).

city d oes maintain a municipal hospital nor ambulance serv. lce. It sends It S chanty to the differe11t general hospitals, paying so much. a we ek [or board and treatment. These ha\'e ambulances whi ch are not, however, public ones There are two emergency, or accident, hospitals in the city, both maintaining ambulances ready day and night to respond to calls. r mergency is a of the Sisters of Charity Hospital, and the Fitch A CC ident H ospita l one of the pro\'ident schemes of the Ch:uity Society, both for the temporary treatment of the SIck and Il1Jured. Th ese ambulances respond to all police calls as well as tbose made by the public, and attend all lucr e fires. A physician accompanies each "ehicle, "

XEW ORLEANS, LA. (POPl U TIO:-I, 2+ 2 ,039).

Has no municipal h ospita l, the State Hospital being sit u,lted there. It is the only hospital with ambulance sen'ice, and the hospitd officials exercise their j udg-ment as to whether the ambulance shall, or shall not, answer .:ails. The city is not di \ided, therefore into ambulance districts, the \' eh'cles being dispatched from hospital to all parts of the city. The rules direct that a surgeon shall always accompany an ambulance By custom, howe\'er, two u sually go.

The service, while being an adjunct of the h ospital, is a practical and independent char ity, being maintained by \'oluntnry s ubscription s recei\'ing no financi al assistance from tbe hospital funds, nor from the City Treasury. The lI'ules , which are intere sting, SdY it shall be an emergency sen' ice, but as an arm of the hospital it extends its us efulness to others than emergency cases, cases of illness, where patients cannot travel comfort:lbly by other conveyances, are moved. The effort seems to be to make the cha"it}' as brG:ldly u seful as possible.

PITTSB URGH, PA. (POPCLATIO:-<, 2.38,6r7).

All hospitals have ambulanccs, which they maintain at their own expense. The city is not di\'ided, howe\'er, into ambulance districts like Xe\\' Yo rk City, or Brooklyn, but a telephone call will summon the ambulance of any hospital to any part of the city. Persons are re1l10\'ed to their home s, i f they sodesi re,without any renul1leration to the ho spi tal. The police ser vice with its twe!\'c patrol wagons, hand led 502 cases o[ accident and sickness-no surgeons accompany these \\, Igons. Each member of the force carried a ".\lanual of .'.ledic d and Surgical Instruction in Cases of Emergency."

WASHINGTO:-l, D.C. (THE CAPITAL) POP ULATION, 285,.000).

The Police Departmen t has und er its control thl-ee ambulances u sed for the purpose of remo\,1l1g sick or injured persons; also elelen palrol wagons \\'hich are used in cases of emergency.

DETROIT, :\IrCH. (POP ULA TIO.'l', 205,876).

8 ambulances. 3 II 5 r6

BALTIMOI{E, MARYLAND (POPULATION, 43{,{39).

IIas oneambu!ance at Central.Police and the patrol wagons at preCll1ct are. used If reqUired. SeYeral hospitals own nrnbu al1ces b u t their servIces are not pub li c ones,

Has no municipal hospital and consequenlly no systemalized amhulance service, Some private hospitals ha\'e vehicles for the use of which they nuke a charge where the means of permit. The police force is not instructed in rendering first ,ud.

MILWAUKEE, WIS. (POP ULATIO " 204-,+68).

Has an emergency hospital [or the temp ora ry care and treatment of persons accidentally injured .01' sei.zed with sickness. This hospital has an ambulance whIch IS under poltce control, and a surgeon accompanies it. As the city grows older it is thought its citizens \\ ill recocrnise the importance ofa public ambulance service, but at the present time<>the necessity does not seem to be apparent to the authorities.

NEWARK, N.}. (POPULATION, 181,83 0 ).

F IRST

The municipal hospital maintains a public al:1bulance. other hospit::t! does. There is a public ambulan.ce at police head· qual te rs amI each police precinct station is provided with a converlib le p:l Lro l.aml?u llan ce wagon, whi ch is fitted wi t h all neceSS:l ry matel la These. an the vehicle at head-quarters, mallltaJlled out of the poke funds TIle municipal ambulance 1893 re sponded to calls 392 of which were admitted to the hospital and II9 sent to self-supporting- in st ituti ons.

The Police D epart me nt in the same year responded to .g02 calls, 223 being sent to the City Hospit d 408 to the sel f-suppo r t1l1g ones, an.d 27 1 take n to the s tation houses sent home or sent to so me publiC in st itution

Mr:-<NFAP::JLIS, MINN. (POPULATION, 16+,73 8 ).

The municipd ho s pital ha s just purchased a n OIly one other hospital (pril'ate) ha s one, and the IlltenLJon IS to run it free. The police patrol wagon s upply the ambulance servIce of th e c ity.

JERSEY CITY, N.J. (POPULATION, r63 ,o03 ).

Separated from N ew Yor k C ity by the Hud son River only: .but situaLed in another State. It has tw o ambulances at th e mUnICIpal h ospital, and a patro l wagon at each prec inct station All thes e m ainta in ed o ut of the polI ce funds and are controll ed by the PolIce D epartment being in elec trical communication with head-qu arte rs.

LOUISVIl.LE, Ky. (POPULATION, r6r,r2g).

PoliC'e patrol wag ons are the only vehicles in u se for work

The authorities a re making preparati ons to start a mUnI('Jpal ambulance service.

OMAHA, NEBRASKA 140,+52)

The police patrol wagon s us ed; its stretcher in case.s being mounted on extra sp ring s within the wagon. \h e Clty physlc.mn ?r assistant phy sician attends the scene of acclde.nt and. a,slsts 111 ddivering case to one of the several pr.lvate hospItals ore for city cases at $5'00 (£ I) p er For th.ls purpose the pays about $2500 (£500) :I. year to the vanous hospItals. "One polIceman runninO' on the patrol "" Igo n has read a lit tle m ed icine." Lighter cuts and bruises are dressed at the police stations by the city physicians. There is no municipal hospital.

"WOR CESTE R, MASS (POP ULATIO N, 84,6 55).

The Jacques Ho spita l is the municir.o.l institution, and is maintained in plrt byafund left by a Mr. jacques and in part by an appropriati.on from th e city ft:nl. It is administered by trustees ch ose n by the cIty government. There is no other general hospitnl in the city Formerly an ambulance was run by the P o lice Department which perform ed all the ambulance se rvice-tran spolting sick persons as well as emergency cases. As the c ity in crease d in population the ambulance ser vice became s uc h a burden that, in De cembe r la st, the ambulance carr iage, oget her with the duty of transp orting th e sick, wa s trans· ferred t o th e City CJ acques) H osp ital; the Police Department attending on ly to ernerf(wcy c:l ll s, having a combination patrol and ambulance wagon for that purpose. No physician accompanies the wagon, bu t the members of the for ce have received le sso n s in regard to aiding injured persons The ambulance for transporting the sick-now under th e control of the bospital-i3 k ept und er contract at a li\'ery stab le and application for use from house to house, or to hospital, is made to the h osp ital au th or ities. If parties ale able, they pay, otherwise it is free.

Pl ease n ote that. the emergent or a cc ident part of the work s undertaken by the polic e, and competent authorities o f the city say the "wo rk is most efficiently performed, and that th e re is no thought or suggesti o n of altering the system.

ON the 29th July, an interesting ambulance display unrier the din: ction of Chief Superintendent Morgan , was given in connection w it h the East Lond on Trades Exhibition in the Queen's IIall, Peo?le's Palace, illu stra ting the duty undertak en by the Metrop olit.an Corps on the open spaces of L ondon on Bank Holiday s. A section of the corps with stretcher and other first aid appliances paraded and after pitching the hospital tent, gave a quick turn-out , ea c h squad after'wa r ds treating apparently 'wounded patients, subsequently conveying them to the tent where they were further treated by the sisters on duty. Following this, patients in an apparently suffocated condition, were carried by the firemen's lift. artificial respiration being then re so rted to in order to re : tore natural breathing. Sir Vincent Kennett Barrington, who was accompanied by Lady Barrington in the course of a brief address, the corps on the smartness and efficiency displayed. In conclUSIOn a small s ketch illustrating ambulance work in the Bush was given by eight of corps and was greatly enjoyed by a large and at>pr eClUtlve aud lenct.

A I D. [Aug u st, 1896.

U)oItce jforcea of lban1pabire.

The reports o[ the Inspectors of C?n sta b.ulary for t h e have j usL been issued. Capt. F. J. Parry IS the Inspector for thIS dlstnct.

The Hampshire County Force of 3+6 Rives olle constable to 2,7 0 8 a cr es and 1,063 of the popula tion The net cost for the year endl11g March, 1895, was £23,993, an average uf £69 6s. rod pe r constable, which is the lowe st in tbe district; 3s. per £ rateab le value, and r s. 3ld. per inhabitant. The force has been increas ed by one sergeant and 12 constables. 88 members hold certificates from the St. J ohn A 111 bulance Asso ciation.

The borough of Bo urnemouth is policed by the county constabulary. The cl othing and appointments were complete and serVIceable. The books and returns were carefully kept. The stations, offices, a;td cells were clean and in order. The man 1gement, numbers and dlsclpll11e of the force have teen efficiently maintained.

The S o uthampton Force of gl gives constable to 22 acr.es and 7 18 o f the population. Th ere are 6:J of streets, &c., JJ1 the borau Th and one const:I.ble to less a mtle Th e net cost for the year March, 18g5, was £7,288, an average of £85 I:\-S. gtd per conot lble, 6 \d. per £ rateable value, and 2s. per The h:l s been increased by six constables, and a chIef Insoector sub· stitutpd for a SLIperintendent. F ort y-four of the forc: hold certific3.tes from the St. John Ambulance AssocJ<).tlOn. Extra dutles: -

The chief officer is insp ector of hackn ey carriages, and acts as assist .lnt relievin a officer with an allowance of £20 per annum. The detectIve sta ff, of one inspect o r, one sergeant, three constables, each receive 2S. 6d. per week extra Th: polIce offices hav: been recently improved, the sanitary co ndItI o n bell1g so.bad at tIme of my in spect ion that the chief o ffic er was absent on SIck leave 111. consequence Thc clothing and appointments were co mplete and serVIceable, and the books and returns well kept. The charge office.s cells we re cl ean and in order The management, numbe rs , and dlsclphne of the force have been efficiently maintained. Th ere is co n siderable difference in some countIes ln the price of clochin=;. The Hamp s hire force is supplied with tunics at 185. 6d. , .So uthampton, £1 7s. 6d. trousers, count)', ros 9d. and g5. lod., S outh'1 mpton, ISS. 6d.; greatcoats, co unty. £1 4 s 6d., Southampton. £r r7s. rrd.; helmet s co unty, 45. gd .• Southampton, 65. 6c1.; boot allowance, £r 6s. in both fo rce s; jackets, county, ros. gd.; S o uthampton, summer jackets, I8s. 6 J.

JIl rilI @rhrr£)

.

VOLUNTEER J\i\lBULANCE SCHOOL OF Presldent.-l\lAJOR ANnRF.\\' l\JACUJRE, YD., late L.S.R.V. O(jices. - 7, SL. Re net Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C. The next clas s for the trainin a of stretcher bearers of unIts wtll be held at tbe headquart ers of the'" L o ndon H.ifl e Brigade, 13 0 ,.Bunhill r ow , E.C., by p ermission of Col. B. Cholmond e ley, command l11.g, will commence on l\lcnday, October 5th, at 7.30 p m. ApplIcatIon Forms can be obtained at 7 St. Benet place, Gra cec hurch street, E.C. , (By Order) II. F. STOKES, Sergeant-:Uajor, Sen ior l\ledical U fficer rnstructor.

£100 FRE E INSURANCE

A GA IN ST ACCID E NTS

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRSI' AID in case of dEath as provided below, by T he SIckness a nd Accld e nt Ass u ranc e As s o ciatio n, L td Head Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under followll1g conditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Appll c abl e 'to Pass enge r T r ains in G reat Br itain & I re l and. £1

FIRST AID

A JOURNA.L DEVOTED TO

<2hnbttlanre Wml ork in l}ong 9ltong.

By JAMES M.A., M. B., F.R.C.S

\ VHEN I arrived in I-long Kong in 1887 I already found that the St. John Amblliance Association was well known in even this the out.-post of Bri tain. :vI atte rs had been allowed to drift for some time before I set tled there, however, owing to the impos sibility of getting any of the local doctors to the le ctures. J gave my. first course of lec t ure s to the European polIce, who thoroughly a pprecIated the special necessity for a knowledge of "first aid," employed as they are at outlying \'illage s and i slands completely from medical rran. There are ove r roo European polIce 111 the for ce 111 lI ong Kong, and as they co uld not all be sp:ued at once, I formed two cbsses running collaterally, one being held on l\1 o nday, the other on Thur sday, for six weeks At the examination 30 men obtained certificates of proficiency. A very interes ting pupil was amongst this numb er, \\ho, although a Chinaman, ranks with th e European police. The pupil wa s no othe r than General Gordon's o ld "boy," who went with him all through the Tai-pin g rebelli o n. \Vith hi s usnal largeheartednes:;, General Gordon took his" boy" hom e to England, and gave him a first-rate education extend ing over nine years. H o I\' well bestowed tbe good deed was is o be gathered [rom the fact that In specto r Quincey, as he is now known, is much respected head of the dete ctive department in H ong K o ng. Quincey, the name by which be goes, being the nearest English sounding name to hi s own Chinese name.

Concurrently with the ambulance classes for police, I held a stretcherhearer class for the iht.illery Volunteers , to which co rp s I had had the honour to be elected Surgeon-Captain Tbe next win ter, I 888 - 8g, a l1ulTIuer of ladies wi shec.l to be instructed, and a fir st aid class followed by a nursing class, went through successfully.

Another very interesting pupil took her certificate at the end of this course, vi z., " AhMui" the first woman ever enrolled under the banner of St. John So interested was she in the work that she !ent her son to the College of M edici n e for Chinese, to under · go a five years' co urEe of lrainingin \Yestern mec.:icine. In connection with this College ambulance w ork was keenly taken up, and some ten of the pupil s rece ived certificates.

to do when his broke his leg whilst cruising around the Sulu Sea.

These are the do cto r's real rewards, the knowledge that the audience of rough-handed men can be t.aught to work wi t h the gentleness of a woman, and t hat the outcome of his lecture is almost certain to be the alleviation o f s uffering and comfort to the injured at sea.

Another lecture I gave was to the S oldiers' Institute, wbere an interested audience conveyed their appreciation of the work of the St. John Ambulance Association. Every year for seven years Poli ce classes were held, and when I left, February, r 896, it was with regret that I could not conclude two courses 1 had in hand, viz., one to the Police and on e to the young men in the Colony. Ill-health, ho\\'ever, intervened, and hurried me away h ome before concluding either, much to my permanent regret.

I have left Ambulance matters in the hands of Dr. Thomson, late of Edinburgh Unil'ersity, and now Superintendent of the Chinese Ho sp ital and College of in Hong Kong.

It would not be fair to my pupils to withhold the acknowledgment of several presents they all too bountifully bestowed upon me. The Police, with t hei r wonted reputation fer munificen::e which they bear in H ong Kong, presented their lecturer on Ambulance with brc'nze Japanese vase of gigantic dimensions and exquisite workman ship. The staff of the Chinese Cu s toms gave an alb um containing photographs of the Customs Station, at which they \\'ere employed. A silver cup was presente d by another class, but the best reward of all, that \I'hich touched one's national pride, was the aS5urance that the pupils, be their nationality what it may, receil'e d direct good from the instruction of the Ambulance Dep artment of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England

00

ON E HUNDRED POUNDS will be pa id by tile above In surance Company to the Legal representa tives of any person killed by a:-l accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordll1ary passenger, or who shall have beeH fatally injured t hereby, should death result within hours after such accident. P rovi d ed that at the tune of such accIdent the person so killed or fatally injured was t,he owner ?f AID for the cu:-rent mo ntb, containing thls Coup<?n SIgned with his or her uSLml signature in ink or penCIl, both time and sIgnature being of the essence of the contract.

Sz'gllatu),<1 _ Address

This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holde.r, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this.or any other ,Coml?any.

It is subject to the ordinary cond ItIOns of the AssocmtlOn s ACClden.t Policie s and is in force from midnight, 1st August, 189 6 , u ntIl m idnight, 1st September, 18gf.

A c la ss that bore admirab le fruit was one I held on board the crui sers belonging to the Imperial Chinese MariLime Customs. The vessels often go on 10nR voyages, and as th ere is no d octo r ca.rried, one ca n imagine a genuine and practical in terest was taken in the work. In Hong Kong w e hav e a Sailors' II ome, which fulfils a noble and useful end. \Vhen in ,thi s far- off island crews are got rid of, the discha rged seaman may remain a long time unemploycli uefore he chances to find a vacancy. The weary clay s of waiting are cheered by re sid e nts who in terest them se ves in the sailors' welfare, and they persuaded me to instruct the men in " Aid." I readily consented, and I was well repaid by the e\ idenL thir s t for knowledge prevailing amongst the large audiences which llecturtll to on occasions, through several J(lars. The migratory nature of the pupils' occu pati on precluded examinations, so , though th e name s of the;;e ll1en ale n ot enrolled as members, they have nothing but gooLi I\ ords [or the work of the St. John f\mbulance t\s soc iation. Men of all nations formed tbe audience; h ere a Swede, there a Chilian li s-.e ned attentively; the s mart American and t he laconic Finlander each drank his fill of knowledge whilst th e quasi buccaneer captain, who steers his barque to the isolated islands of the Pacific, related exper iences of how he wisheLi he had known wbat

It would amuse lecturers in England to know how I managed to convey instru cti on to a Chinese audience. Of course I had an i n tel' pre er, a Chinaman, but o ne can imagine hi s renderi ng must have been faullv at time s, th at the Chinese teliel'e the arteries convey "air " to the extremitie,:. and bel:el'e such other prehistoric no t ions Thi s is h o ll' I brought the nutter h ome to them. To teach the-u how t o arrest h;:c morrbage, J had a lay figure made, with in d arubber-piping laid on to represent The figure jay stretched up o n a sloping table, and the head dIsappeared oyer the edge. Examining where the head ought t o be, one a senes of pipes; and on the floor two buckets, one dark flLlld, the other briO'ht red fluid, maLie "with indigo and carmll1e A huge Rarden syring-e was at hand to be used when occasIon statinO' the effects of c uttin O' a large artery, I made a cut 111 the llllgh with ablarge knife, and by tbe u se of th: sYl:inge.with the bright red stained liquid, a gush of Issued, sheddJJ1g I ts crt .m so n AUld ol'er the fro nL row of the audienC'e. I he course of the blood JJ1 the vems was similarly demonstrated, on ly, of course, when the cut was made, the dark blue liquid deluged me, standing as 1 \\'a between the ,," ounLi the heart. The appli::ation of pres s ure by the amI an Improvi sed tourn iquet, and the that ens.ued when elt.her was relaxed, made up a demonstration whIch for realIstIC effect \I as 1l1lmltable. Similar lines were pursued to demonstrate the treatment of flactLl1ed bo nes. The tibia was previously sawn through cemented together sufficiently to maintain position, and the clothll1g ov er the bone was

similarly dealt with. On the limb a heavy weight was. let fall, and th en a of how" not" to treat a broken limb was first gone by t.he body care le ssly, when h rough came the end of the tibia conslitutlnO' a compound fracture. By the se means, and such ot her I:ealistic methods, I provided instruction to my Celestial pupil s Dr. Cantlie's port.rait appeared in our issue of Novl'lllber, 18flJ. 113 rev i ti es.

IT is astonishing to notice the number of accidents. that are now caused by cycling. Most of them are very shght, whilst some of them re:ult in the death of the rider. They take place usually in busy thoroughfares, and from what we have seen we must come to the conclusion that th e pace at which the machines are driven is too fast Although we have no objection to cycling per se, but on the contrary think that it is a most excellent pastime, yet we are of opinion that further regulations will have to be made for the purpose of controlling it. Cyclists are abusing the privileges the y at prespnt enjoy by travelling at a rate they a re not justified in going · - 15 miles an h ')ur is too O'reat for street traffic-and by having an in sufficient r egarlfor the safety of foot passeng ers Weare inclined to think that they will be ultimately barred from the streets of London; if they are, they will only have themseh'es to thank for it.

\iV E have been fa\'oured by a valued contributor by an article on making" Ozone " As this gas has now b ecome a remedia l agent in the hands of the medical profession, we hope that many of our rtaders wi ll be int e re sted by learning the manner in wbich it is made.

IT is a long distance from London to Hong Kong, but many will be pleased to hear that some ambulance work and ambulance teaching ha\' e been done in that Colony. ,\Ve have to thank our correspondents for their contributions .

WE have received letters p ointing ou t th e inadequacy of the litter at present u se d by the poi ice. One corresponde nt says that h e saw the police taking one along Aldgate, and they w e r e obliged to wheel it on the footpath on account of jolting that oceured, and the rubber tyre also came off one of the wheels. Another complains ofthe time that is required in bringing it from the police s tation. A medical man points out how useful it is to convey a person who is mad with drink; hi s wrists and legs can be strapped down; but it is un suitable for cases in which care and caution are required.

IrSWICH. - Mr, VVard, house-surgeon at the Ip sw c h and East Suffolk IIospital gave a sp lendid lecture on "Bleeding," at the last meeting of the division. The forty members present all felt deeply grateful for the many useful hints given them

HOSPITAL GALA AT LISTER PARK.-On Saturday, Aug. I Sth, the fifth annual charity garden party and gala org ani sed in aid of the Bradford Jo int Hospital Fund by the Employes' Committee took place in Lister Park. One of the principal features of the gala was the cyclis ts' fancy-dress parad:, wJ:ich was even more success ful than usual, the wheel men mustering 111 large numbers. A great variety of costumes \\' orn, and .'unongst tb: most striking were th ose representing Chll1amen, Mex,can s , l\leph,stopheles, Dr. Jameson, a courtier of th e eighteenth century, a jes ter, the Lally Slavey, and Marie Lloyd. The jlldg-ing too\ place in a ring on the stretch of greensward below the promenade in the half of the park nearest the town, and was witnessed by a large crowd The work of selecting th e prize-wi nn ers was not easy in fal:cy costume section, but I?resented no special diffic ul ty in the comic sectIOn. A number of athleLic mOEtly of an amusing cbaracter, were also gone thro ugh. The pnzes were distributed by the M ayor.

Ai :no tSeptenlber, 1896.

31{ailluap Q(ntlHdance.

CHESHIRE LI NES' ENGINEERS' CI.ASS - The pre se ntation of the certifi cJ.tes and badges of the St.John Ambulance Asso ciation to the success ful members of the Cheshire Lines' Engineers' Ambulance Cla ss, Warrington Works, was mad e by Mr. W. G. Scott, of the.railway. In making the presentation, Mr. Sco.tt said that It gave him. great pleasure to find th at the m en at Warnngton Works, together With the platelayers between Farn worth and Glazebrook, had themselves into ambulance classes. It was a matter of congratulatIOn that so m :1.I1}' had proved successful in the examination, and it spoke well Jor thf' care which the doctor had bestowed upon the members. A pleas111g feature was th:t.t the men had entered in to the m:ttter in a vo luntary spirit. It was the first time an ambulan -:: e cor ps hCld been for med at Warrington Works, and he was certain h at the men would find their knowledge of great value. He how.ever, th ere not be many oc..:asions arise to req'.Iire their assistance . I gave hlln great pleasure to pres e nt the certi ficates and badges as follows:- S+ firstclass, 3 second-class, a nd a medallion for one had passed the third-class, the wh o le of these member s be ll1g qualified to render first aid to the injured; these were successful out of 60 members who had presented themselves for exam ination. The of the were sensible of the great efforts of the doctor and Il1structors, which had brought them to such a satisfactory resu lt, and, in order to show thei r appreciation of the in st ru ction given by Dr. Adams, of Warringtol, had purcha se:i a silver fruit and cake dish, Mr: Scott, on their pre sented to the doctor.-Dr. Adams said he did n ot expect al.ythll1g, but WJ.S very pleased with such a h andsome pres ent, for which he thanked them, and h ope d that in two years hen ce each member would be presented with a medallion. Mr. Sco tt afterwards the drill instructors, Messrs. G. Buckley and C. Maus suer also the assIstant secretary, Mr. E. Hughe s, with a suitable present, whi c h had been subscribed for by the members.-A vote of thanks was passed to Mr. S cot for makinO' the pre se ntations. and also to i\lr. Everett, the secretary, who had taken a great int eres t in organising the classes

PERTH.-On Sund ay evening, 23rd ult., in h e third-class waitingroom at Pe rth Station, a competition for silver medals took place amonO'st three teams fr om the Perth Station amhulance (St. John Association). The medals were kindly given for competition by Colol1.el Campbell, of H.Y!. Prison, Perth, who. takes a greac interest 1I1 ambulance work. After a keen con test 111 all kinds of ambulance work, Dr. Robertson, Perth, aW'lrded the medals t o the team captained by George Airth. The names of above team are as fo ll ows George Airth (captain), "\V m. Cree, 'vV. H. Mack ie, J. Crichton, and A Ogilvie. The names of team next in merit, were Alex Easson (captain), G Hend ers;:,n, D. Whit e, T. Stewart, A L. Murray. Names of the other t eam : H. F eatherstone (captain), D. Brough, G. Cameron, A. Thom son, and J. Hutchi son PETERBORO', G.N.R .-At a competition h e ld at this centre on the 30th July last, the A team of the Local Engineers' Department gained the first priz e, and the No.2 team o f the Local Employes the second prize. Surgeon-Major Hutton was the judge.

PRESENT ATIONS.-At Wo otton - under - Edge, Gloucestershire, on AiJO'ust 12th the vicar (Rev. H. S ewe ll, M.A.) presented Mr. James G. Boyce L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.Ire!., with a handsome carriage timepie ce on behalf of the ladies attending the first-aid le ct ure s o f the St. Joh n Ambulance Association as an acknowledgment of his services as lecturer.Dr. Hugh Rhodes of Highfield, Sheffie ld, ha s been the recipient, from the members of the Sheffield Midland Passe nger Station Ambulance Corps, of a case of meat and game carvers, as a .token of of his services to the corps.--Dr. C. R. DaVidson of Nottll1g lam, has been pre 3e nted with a walking s tick, suitably in scr ibed, by the men employed in the Engineers' Department, Nottingham district, in connection with t h e ,york on the Midland Railway .-O n the 19th instant at t he Town IIall, Tunbridge Well s, Dr. H A. Perkins was he recipieht from the St. John Ambulance Assoc iation of a silk umb re lla with a gold band, suitably inscribed, as an acknowledgment of services rendered by a course of lectures on ambulance first aid.Dr. Arthur B. Blac kie has been presented with a carriage clock by the members of the B Divi s ion of the Shropshire Police, as a token of appreciation as teacher of the ir ambulance class.-Mr. W. H. Square

L.R.C.P., L. R.C.S. Edin., who is surgeon to the Sunderla nd NO.3 Branch of the Boilermakers and I ro n and Steel Shipbui ders' Soci e ty, has received from the m-embers of the branch, as a mark of esteem, a silver-mounted oak inkstand, and Mr. Willen s, the secreta ry, ha s been the recipient of a s ilver-m ounted pipe and a si l ver mat c h-box from th e same soc iety.-Mr. Julius L.R.C.S. Tre!., L.R.C P., L R.C.S. Edin., of Min ste r, Sheppey, has received the rr ese n of a handsome pairof bronze ornnmentsas a mark of esteem and apprecia ti on for his kindne ss in going to Queenborough to gratuitously instr u ct and conduct the cla sses attending th e St. John Ambu ance lectures given under the allspices of the Queenborough Y ou n g Men and Young Women's Christian Associations.

September, 1896.J FIRST :answers to

E])WIN DAVID,-We be lieve that the law as staled in the Cdse you refer to is co n -ecl. Ambulance 1V0rk in towns is n ot su pp orted out of the rates -it is purely voluntary, h oug h sometimes assisted by contributions. The ol·er see t· may bave po wer to refund you the amount you p:tid for hire of the. conveyance, but he ha s to be careful.lest the sho uld surcharge hlill. 1 he c lerk of the Bo:trd of Guardians or District Council will inform you concerning the legal points in the matter.

P. IlAYMA - '\1u c h ob lig ed for your inte resting contribution.

J. J. O.-May we reminu you that copy for printersshouldbewritten on one side of the paper only.

GEO. CHIPPENDALE.-In future notes, a few more details concerning the inju ries would be appreciated.

Q(ntl.ltl[ance in

THE following article h as been kindly contributed by Supt. P. Hayman, Metr opo litan Corps:-

"Ambulance wor k as understood by English first-aiders does not seem to have caught on to any extent in Berlin. The obje.:t of the two socie ties established for ambulance purposes appears to be, not so much the rendering of first a id as the providing of medical ass istance and temporary accommodation in cases of sudden illness or accident

Tltere are tw o societies establ shed in Berlin for ambulance purposes: "The Berlin Accident Stations" (Berliner Unfall Stationen) and the "Berlin Guard, for protecting the s ick and wounded" (Berliner S:ll1illits Wa chen ). The forme has only been in existence since 18 94, and possesses ten stations (open night and day), connected by telephone. and with all app lian ces for rendering and [or transport work, and each 111 permanent c har ge of a paid doctor and properly qualified assi stant.

Th e" Sanitary Guard" was originally established in I 872, and now possesses twenty stati.ons, eac h .in of a surgeon and qualified assistant, but the statIOns of thiS socIety are only opened at I1l ght, and their prim ary object appears to be to provide medical aid in ca£e of sudden illness, so that everyo n e may know where to find a doctor in the night if re qu ired. On be ing called, the doctor is bound to go to any house within his district, and although the total number of cases of illness attended to outside the stations has been 3S,832, only four cases have occurred where the doctor was absent when wanted r n addit;on to the thirty stations above mentioned, each society has this year a temporary st:ttion at the Berlin Exhibition, built and fittedup exactly the same as the permanent ones. Ea c h of the se stations which I inspected, consists of a spacious h all with five doors leading to the reception room, used for minorcases,an operating-room, a bath-room, a temporary hospital, and a room for the medical officers. Space will not permit a minute description of these stations, but amongst the many novelties which r saw 1 nJted three which call for spec ial attention. The walls of the operating-room were panelled with tiles of glass instead of the u SJal earthenware tiles. It is well known h at eal thenware" crazes" and the cracks thus created are iable to harbour germs. 1t is claimed for the glass tiles th at they cannot do so, but whether the claim is justified time alone can prove. A far more important novelty, and one that will commend it self to every one, is an arntnge m e nt by which the operat ing s urge on can turn on h ot or cold water with his foot, thus avoiding the necessity for touchinO' allythill,l; after an operation until he has washed and disinfected his hands. The third DOI elty I noticed wa s an a luminium stretcher, whi ch was remarkable for its lightness. Tbe cam as was fa stened o the poles by means of a la ced cord, enabling it to I.e detached altogether in a few seconds when required to be cleansed. Attached to the Accident Station was a coachhouse and stable; the former arranged to hold t he transport wagon and two wheel ed litters; latter, for two h orses, which I.was told are always ready harnessed, on the plan adopted by the fire bngade. One lit ter was mounted on five bicycle wheels, three n front and two at the bck with two saddles and was intended to be drawn by two men work'ing the pedals.

regret that I did nol see a transport wagon, as the. one at the Exhibition wa s out with a case, and although J made a Journey the following- day on purpos e to one of the town stations,. I found. o n arriva l that the waO'on had teen removed to another statIOn, and time would not permit of my ollowing it. I should lik.e to take this opportunity of express in g my th a nks to th e gentlem.en In of the two Exhibition s tations for the very friendly re ce pt io n I received, and the courtesy with which I was treated; and I have no do uht the fact of my being a member of.the St John Ambulance wearing the medallion , whIch, I may say, 1 used as an II1tr?ductlOn, had much to do wi th the trouble they took to show and explal11 enrything At the conclusion of my visit I was :equested to my and rank in the visitors book, and it was wIth no small feell11g of pride that I s igned myself a n officer of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. In one respect, our Berlin friends ca n, I thin.k, teac h u s .and that is the manner in which they obtam theIr funds-theIr pnnclpal co nirih\ltOTs being the Trade Uniops ape;! Friendly Societ:es, who 10Qk

AID. 115

their contributions as a s?rt.of against their liability to their members. How far thiS IS Justified may be seen fr om the following fi g ure s :-

In r8g2, the Brewers' Union of Berlin p:lid compensation for di sab lement over thil:teen weeks' duration in 337 cases; in r893, in 340 cases; 111 1894, thiS number was reduced by the treatment O'i\'en at the Accident Stations to 2+9 cases, and in 1895 to 2+5 c';.ses. It is calculated that the sav ing thus effected, if cap italized, represents no less than £ r5,000. In conclusion, I wo uld lik e to ca ll the attention of fir s t-aiders to the motto adopted by the Berlin Acc ident Stat ions: " The first bandage decides t he fate of the wound "-words originally spoken by the celebrated physician, Doctor Volkmann, of Halle, and which all first- aiders might take to heart with great advantage."

jfirst lRecorb.

BRAD FORD - ACCIDENT IN MA_ CHESTER ROAD. -A \\'oma n, named Rose Thomas, (29), of 5I Duncan Street, Bradford, was crossing ran chester R oad, near Bower Street, on Saturday night, 8th r\ugu st, when she was kno c ked down by a horse and calt belonging to Fred. H a igh, hawker, of "Vibsey, and wa s run over. A member of the Bradford Ambulance Corps, named Edward Brearley. of 103, W oo tton Street, attended to the woman's injuries, and she was then removed to the Infirm ary

FAVERSHAM.-The importance of a knowledge of first aid to the injur ed was exemplified by an accident whi c h occurred in c\bbey Street. A one·legO"ed man named Hart was going t owards hi s home in Pr ovidence Place,whenfrom some cause he slipped and put his arm through a pane of o- la ss. severinO' the mai n artery and lead ers ju st abov\! the wri st. Blood profusely from the wound. J\Ir. Fletcher rode off o n his bicycle for assistance, and Mr. F. Brett, a membe.r of ambul.ance corps, was quickly in to render fir st which he did by com pression of the brachial artery, and th ereby stoppmg the h re morrhage. With the he lp of ;vIr. A. M. Pa cke r (anot h er member of the am')ulance corps) and Police-constable ,Y ard, Mr. Brett conveyed Hart on the wheeled litter to the Cottage Hospital, where he by Dr. Bensted (Dr. Anderson's assistant), .who expres3ed hiS Opll1l?n that but for the first aid, which was so sktlfully rendered, the patient would, undoubtedly, have bled to death.

HEADLEY Wednesday. afternoon, August I9th, a m.ln named Henry \Vorsfo ld aO'ed 53, tra"elbng umbrella mender, met With an accident by jumping'fr;m a bank fracturing the fibula of his left leg, Mr, E. David (member of the Farnh:lm Centre and the local c.lass) on hearing of the accident proceeded to the scene about h alf·a-mtle from the villaO'e and found the unfortunate man had a fracture of the fi bula just 'the ankle; he bound up th e leg, took charge of the patient, dispatching a messenger to the school for stl:etc h.er. M ea nwhile D.r. J. A Parsons, of Stanfor d, arrived, and With the as s istance of ;\[1'. DaVId set the leg in splints. Subse:juently the unfortuna.te man WclS remol'ed on the stretcher, pI iced in a. cal and sent to the U11l0n Alton. Mr. C. H. Beck (Hon. Sec.) of the lo ca l class ar;Wll1g With the stretcher assisted with others in carrying o. nd loading the cart Ip SW ICH - :lUe ssrs. Brereton, Cresswell, Bennett, Dalleant, with Superintendent Keeble, and .,\11'. Cushon, Secretary, moyed a con s umptil'e patient with a weak spll1e from one house to anothe:. C p and down the bad staircases a blanket had to be u sed for tranSit, but from house to house the Ashford li tter.

H $antaboli tt

IT is an old adage Rnd a "ery true one, that" prel'en tion. is better than cure." Vie have ju s re ceil ed rom Messrs. J03n Morns & Co., Man c he ster, a specimen box of their Stationery. We have the paper, and we unhesitatingly confirm all the claim it. The powerful disinfectant with the paper IS Impreg.n?-ted IS by n o means unpleasant, and the quality o! the paper for leaves nothing to be de 3ired. We sho,uld thll:k Sanw.bol! WIll be large ly taken up by hospitals and kll1dred 1l1:5tltutlOns. In.deed, no hOllsehlld should be without one box at any rate, for should dlne.ss of an infectious n ature break out rendering it necessary to co mmUlll cale with one's friends it will be a satisfaction to know that the conveving the intelligence cannot a of further spreadll1g in fect ion. To use an o ld phrase It suppltes a needed want and \\e predict for" Santaboli " a successful career when It become3 more known and appreciated; especi:t.lly by the members of the medIcal profession

IpSWICH.-The School Board has been obliged to give up ambulance classes owing to their expense, but it is h oped that c h eRp cl::tsses st ill be co ntinued in Ipswich. The ben.efit of the!n has been so ,er¥

FIRST

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

W e b e g t o g ive not ce that th i s J ou r na l will in future be p ub li sh e d on t h e 1st of th e m o n h, ]n o rd e r to mee t h e r e qu i r e nl cn ts of t he trade, it must be ac t uall y p u bl is h ed b y t he 2 5th or 26 t h , so w e mus t ask all our c or re s pon de n ts to s end i n heir c o ntr i butio n s by t he 22 n d at the lat e st,

TO AD VERTISERS.

As no pa p er at t h e pres e nt d ay can ex st -w-ithout Advertisements, we beg to draw the attention o f Advertisers to th s J o ur n al. It has b e en in exi s tence for 27 months, nas a st e adily increasing circulation, and is the only Jour r, al c f its kind circu l ating amongst firs ta iders in all p a r' ts of th e w o rld, and is read b y thousands every mon t h. These art-l f a cts wor t h knowi ng a n d d iges ti ng,

T E R MS O F SUBSC RI PTI O N.

F OR 12 months, IS, 6d, post free, t o be sen t to the Publishers, Alan Palme r & Co" IT , Lu dgate H ill, London, KC,

T ELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON,"

FIRST AID

SEPTE'JIB.l!,'.R 1, 1896, number of deaths that may be AYOIDABLE a\-01dable, and are the resu lt of negliDEATHS, gence, carelessness, or so-ca ll ed "accidents," is somewhat remarkable and will well repay a few r:n in utes' a t tention and t h o'u ght. When come to conSIde r that some 18, 0 0 0 persons in England 111 the course of a year suffer a yiolen t deat h from the aboye cau es, t he idea is forced upon one tha t most of them are aYOldable, and therefore ought not to take place,

Let us take a few instances and see how the deaths are cau,sed, In coal mines we con tantly hear of dreadful aCCIdents occurring by which scores and sometimes h u ndreds of men are en,t0I?-1bed or k ill ed by choke-damp; yet more men lose tl:elr It ves by the fa ll of coa l or stone, &c

We may take It for granted that the existence of choke -damp cannot always be ascertained and that therefore some of these deaths are not preyentable but surely caused by the fall of coa l , &c , are to som.ebody s gross carelessness, and can be classed as aYOldable, Our rail ways answerab l e for a good many deaths, and a large proportIOn are the resu lt of a mistake on the par t of a signa l man or engine driver or are caused by the care lessn ess of the yictims themse lv'es and can be p u t .down as Many more deaths caused by t ha n by raIlways, and may be classed as street a CCIde n ts Ca r e lessness ei:he r on the par t of t he dr ivers or of t he pe r sons injured is answerable fo r a l arge sha r e of th e m , and t h ese a lso can b e p u t down as ayoidable. M ost of t h e, deaths from b urns and scalds can h ardly b e termed a n ythu:g else but and negligence - t o WIt, c h eap la m ps - are the c h iefca u se. Many of the d eaths fr om drOWning are avo idab l e either from the p erson Im mersed bei n g u na bl e to or or:: accou nt of o n e b emg a t h an d t o,Perform r esp ir a ti on. fr om su ffocatIOn, b emg m ost ly infan ts t h at a r e m ake one's h ea r t ache t o t hink of, a nd cannot e poss,lb ly called by any oth er name th an avoidab l e u n l ess It be manslaughter. ' . vv. e l eaye t his pa rt of th e su bject w i thou t m e ntJfo nlll g cyc lI ng, So far t h is p as tim e h as n ot b een g uilt y m a n y deat h s, acco rdin g t o stat is t ics recen tly publish e d ut as a ll tl:e w o rld see m s t? ? ave go n e a -cycling thi s yea r ; we fa t a litI es attrib1,lt a bl y to it will be

largely increased, The deaths and injurie re u l ting from this fo r m of exercise must be placed in the a\-oidable l ist, for so l ong as cyclists are rash and careless, and tear a l ong roads at a " scorching" pace, and are allo,,-ed to ride in crowded t horoughfares 0 long \"ill these kinds of , accidents" happen.

But avoidable deaths do not occur only as the result of \-iolence Thousands of children perish annually from diseases which are preventable, but which we are afraid will continue to exist as long as our poor liye unde r their p resent condi t ions. " Ve allude to the zvmoti: disea es.

M easles, scarlet feyer, diphtheria and other allied comp laints are killing chi l dren daily in our midst, and although sanitary authorities maintain that they ought to be stamped o u t, yet they continue their ravages, apparently d efying all our efforts to check them. X otification _-\cts are passed, hygiene is preached, isolation hospita ls are p: m'ided, and di infection is largell- carried out at the public expense, but what is the resuit ? "Ve cannot congra t ulate ourseh'es that the death rate from the e diseases appreciab ly less.

Looking at the matter from a first-aider's point of "jew, we cannot see that in the future there will be an,' diminut i on in the necessit\- for worl-. A.ccidents,\'ill happen not\\-ith tanding all possible precautions, for human nature is not so constituted that even:bodv will do the right thing at the right moment. Let" e\-er)first-aider r emember that he ,,,ill be doing his duty if he can by any means in his power prev'ent an accident; he sho u ld c:Ilti\'ate his powers of obsen'ation in order that h e m ay be ab le by friendly adyice to check any act of carelessness, negligence or oversight that he may be a witness of, and thus, perhaps, stop some fatality, and the consciousness of thi kindly action ,,,ill no doubt compensate him for the loss of the 'I gooLl case" he otherwise might ha,-e had.

"[I)e 1J1eeb for 'JLonbon 's municipal Btnbulance $er\)ice.

WE do not intend to lose sight of this important question and from time to time shall refer to Lundon's need of a proper ambulance sen iLe in the hope that e\'entually the authorities may ce stirred into taking some steps towards remedying this state of affairs. \\-e cull the following list of accidents from one of the Sund,lY papers, How these unfortunate people removed?

:-

Thos Jarrett 36, of Clapton, was engaged painting the front of a in Lordship Road, Swke Xewington, when he suddenly fell from ladder into the front garden, He was picked up quite dead, ITenry Pearson, 56, Great Tichfield Street, i\larylebone, was taken to Middlesex Hospital suffering from the effects of oriul1l poisoning. He was in an extremely critical condition last evening, A n13.n unknown fell down the area of 53 Da.nte Road, Brook Street, Lambeth, On being removed to St. Thomas's lIospital, he was pronounced dead.

Alfred 30, butcher, Lewis Road, Coldha r bour Lane. Camberwell, was driving a cart when the horse shied and threw the dri\'er into the roadway, He was removed to St. Thomas's Hospital suffering from c01Cussion and other injuries.

James Dudley, 46, of Victoria Avenue, Kentish Town, emploved at the Camden Brewery, Kentish Town, was raking out. the ashes from under the boiler fire when he was seized ,,-ith a fit, and fell [orw:trd under the front part of the furnace. He was taken to University Collecre Hospital.

As a traction engine and truck were .proceeding along the Strand the Law Courts last evening, a cab horse took fright and collided WIth another cab, The occupants, a lady and child, were thrown to the ground, the latter falling under the wheels, and escaping deJ.th almost miraculous ly.

A! the R oyal Military H ospital, Dublin, Lord Roherts presented to ChrIstopher Denneson, porter on

S ep t ember, 1 896 J F IR S T {portrait <Baller)).

C-\.PTAI:\, A:\]) Ho:\,oRARY " YALTFR RO\YLHT, Y.D., 2nd ' VEST YORKS Y"OL. ROYAL E\'Gl:\,EERS.

THE gen tleman whose portrait appears in our Gallery this month IS well knmyn in the in connection wi th _-\.mbulance\\'ork Rmdey, \\'ho was born in ,,',lakefield, i a member of tbe Institute of Ci\'il En,gineers, and one of our mo t prom nent l\Iining Engineers, It was in the Yen early days ofthe_lmbu'ance mo\'ement that THEEl'.] Rowley, \\- ho resides in fir-;t took an interest in the work; indeed he may justly be termed it pioneer in the ':\ Iidland. He founded the Leed s centre, and, in spite of the arLll10us labour entailed by the \york in so leu-CTe a district, his interest has ne\'er flaCTo'ed and be 1..1n- 00 grudgingly cleyoted most of his little leisure to the adYancel11ent of the work. he lo\'e ' so much. Throl1CTh this gentleman's in trumentalit\- ambulance classes formed in connection with the" yarious collieries in the district, and al so on the se\'eral raihyays, and the N orthRailway (for wllich company he acts as Engllleer over their outhem Di\'ision, as he also does for the Great [\ orthern Railway), at the present time is one of the mo t plomising raihl'ay -centres, and owes mLlch to Major who, in gone by , carried through mal1\' successful classes in connection ,,-ith its system, He 'ha' also had classe in Leeds, ormanton and Vakefidd in connection ,,-ith the Great Northern, LDndon and 1\orth ' Ve tern, .:\lidland, and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railways.

An enthusiastic yolunteer, Major Rowley has alwa\'s tal.z.en a keen interest in our aux-iliary forces, and an)'thmg that tended to their greater efficienc\- has al,,-a,-' had his warm support and apprm'al. It was-onh- natural therefore that he should h:lye been one of tIle first to push forward the necessity of fir t aid trainillCT for our citizen soldiers. N otwithstanding the difficult](;s he had to contend with, he persevered and was successful in inducing the Commanding Officers of the local corps in district to allow of cla ses being formed for ll1struction uncleI' their om1 medical officers, and thus founded the existing system of regular instn!ction in (, First Aid" in the auxiliary forces, The same was done as regards the Police, Fire Brigade, and School Board Classes organised by the Leeds Centre.

In 1882 Major "\Va l te r Rowley was elected an H on, Associate of the Order of St. )ohn, and in 18q3 the Chapter, recognis ing the cont i n u ed ya luable se n -ices rendered b y t his gent leman in co n nection with A m bulance wo rk recom m e n ded h is n ame as a Kn ig h t of G r ace, tb H er M aj es t y, a,s its S ove r eig n H ea d , wh o w as

AI D. 117

graciously pleased to his election. That thi' 'I-as ,,-ell-de en'ed, all tho'e \\'ho know and apprec:ate the rendered to the cause by R o<;Y[e\- \YIll readIl\' endorse.

In I,! 95 the ,Tolunteer Officers' Decoration was granted to Rmdey, and \Ya p,re ented to him by Colonel De \ ere Brook on the o.::caSlOn of the annual inspection of the Leeds Volunteer EI1CTineer

In connection with his \I'ork mention must be made of the \'all!able help rendered by Valter who aIded the of her husband by the II k of women s classes, and 111 many other ways; and hel home at has been the gathering ground of all ll1terc5tel In FIrst _-\.Id and Xursino' in the couI1t,ies, and "'e feel sure that the l\IajoOr would e?do,rse our VIew when \\'e say that he ha - indeed been hIS !.Jght hand and indi 'pensable as tant in the ,,'ork. } to a fault, RO\l'ley has 111 tbe course ot Ins career made ho ts of frienrJ.s \\'ho \'alue and, e teem him for his sturdy independence and ju ,t and upnght character, and not only tho e in the :\[idlands but all of those who kno,,' him will unite with us in the \Ylsh that he may be pared to u for many years.

gmIJttIclllff l,fuirlu at Btrup.

, Saturday, afternoon the \'arious corps comprised the :'IIidland district had theil' :\nnual Re\ iew and Tnspection, the review beina held at the Ground, Derby, by the kind permission of :'Ill'. Ley (preSIdent of the cemre). The weather \I':ts fine, :tnd tbe pernunent stands enclrcilOg the grounds afforded convenience and com,fort t') the, spectators, To the general public a small charge was for ad:nlsslon, the proceeds to be de\'oted to the tocal infirmaries. n 10rtunate r for the succe -5 of the review, howe\,er, there was a powerful co unter attracti o n in the town, and consequently the attend:tnce fell \'cry far sh o rt of \\'?at, might reasonably ha\'e been anticipated. ]\Ir. and :'Ilrs, Lerhad a large ,number of friends to tht: gathering, The. men takll1g p:trt 10 the so hr as the emergtncy train sernce would allow, assen:bled In the :'Ilarket-place at two o'clock and marched fr o m thence t o the around. "hich is situated in bury each corps :trri\ ed within the enclosure they took up the positIOn whIch had been allotted to them, forming double line. The total number on parade was :tpproximately 6:0, The general appeuance of the men \\":ts smarr, the Tibshelf and Bir2h\\'00d contingents looking exceedingly we:l in their neat uniforms The duties of i,nspecting officer were kindly by Colonel Sparkes, commandll1g 4St,h Reglment:tl District, ,who" upon arri\'ing on the fie,ld! W:lS recel\'ed \nth a general salute, :'.IaJor"\\ :trdell, (Deputy CommISSIoner, St, John \mbulance Brigade) then took command of the massed brigades, and under his direction the drill "as commenced. Blll,hge drill was the first item. The first aid to the injured and were "err interesting. A gun was fired, and on recel VI ng thIS s'gnal a body of men ran to the front and feli do\\'n. The stre tcher parties h:tstened to their I, wounded" comrades, and haying attended to their ,I injuries," com'eyed them on tbe ambulance stretchers past the fhg to the hospital tent, t,hey were taken charge of by the ursing Sisters from Tlbshelt and Derby, under the control of :'IIrs, "-ardell I\ife of the Deputy Commissioner. The temporary hospital \ras inspected by the re\ iewinz officer, after which the "hole of the men marched past, the corps in columns of sections, and the classes in fours, The bands meanwhile played the British Grenadier" march, Subsequent!\' the men were addre sed by Colonel Sparkes.

glld.mlancr tl3flllollstration at

THE annual parade and inspection of the branches o( the t. John Ambulance Brigade in the di trice was held on Saturday, .\ugust 15th, the whole p.lssing off most successfully The proceedings commenced with an rnspection by urgeou- :'I fajor Hutton and Surgeon-Captain Ritchie, this being followed by a march past, and the nurchin a was certainly gone through in a manner which reAected the greatest credit on the body of men that took part in it, After were cri 'en by Hutton and. other gentlemen, the prizes, together with:l number of first -aid .1I1d n u rsing certificates, were presented to the successful members, \\' ho met a hearty reception, this ceremony b'eing gl'acefulir peIi'Qrmed by i\I rs. IV, W Clqrk. -

the Vicklol\' Railway, the medal o f t h e Order of St John of Jerusa lem, for having, at the risk of his o wn l ife, saved t h at of a man who rushed in front of an express wi t h the object of c() m rpi.tt in g s,u ic de..

FIRST

$t. 30bn tlnlbulance :fBrigabe.

LEYTO:-.lSTONE.-On Saturday, 15th inst., at the headquarters of the Ley ton and Leytonstone Division, the fol.lowing presentation was made to Acting Sergeant II. A. Slack, who IS ab9ut to dep.art for South Africa, an \mbulance IIanesac, fu.lly eqUIpped" subscnbed fOl: by the members of the Division and a Je\\' fnend s Pren o us to presen ting the abo ve the [ollo\\'inO' letter was read from Superintendent J. J. Olley: "Acti;1g Sergeant"'n. f\. Sh.ck. ,Dear Sir,-l'our,letter of. roth ins!. to haml tendering your resignation. [read same With a feeling o f legret, and yet wi th an amount of ple:lsure. Regret to lose one wh.o has done his duty so well and the amI esteem of l11s comrades in the noble work of FIrst Aid to the Injured, and' also the respect and conhdence of myself, knowing that at all times r could leave the honour of the Division with safety in your hands, I there.fo r e accept with regret your resign:ltion. The pleasure I is from a sincere and heartfelt wish that you may meet 'wlth a bright future in the country you are going to, and I feel sure I can offe: you on behalf of your comrades the best of wishes for your future happ1l1ess. I may mention here that it is the intention of the members of the Division of making you a present as a token of the respect and esteem in which you are held by them all, and the present take3 the form of an Ambulance Havre sac, fully equipped. so that, should your service and knowledge be called into requisition in the land you al:e to, you will have something ready at hand, and that someth1l1g wIll always remind you of the dear friend:; in In conclusion, I must express a wish from every member of the DIVISIOn that God the, Creator of our being may watch over you .wherever you go. and gUide your actions in the path of right and justice, and keep you as we have always found you a credit to our Mother Cou;)try. \iVith respect and esteem, remain, yours, J. J. Olley, Superintendent." On receiving the presentation" Havresac" Acting Sergeant H. A. Slack made a very brief but feeling reply. Mr. Slack leave s for South Africa on the 22nd inst.

CREYVE CORPs.-DUlinglastmonth much good work has been done by our members which fully justified the existance of a trained body of men in a town like Crewe, and it is pleasing to know that each member of tbe corps is in thorough earnest to do his duty when called upon by any officer. On the 6th, 7th and 8th of August a Grand Bazaar and Fete was held in Crewe Hall Park, the proceedings to be devoted to the endowment fund of the Crewe Cottage Hospital. The Earl of Crewe, who is our president, very kindly placed his beautiful park at the disposal of the Bazaar co,nmittee expressing a wish that a tent should be provided for our corps and six men on duty each day, and a splend'd tentwas provided. On the 6th the Bazaar was opened by II.R,H. the Princess Louise (YIarchioness of Lome) who, when passing the ambulance tent very graciously recognised the men on duty.

Thursday, the Bazaar was opened by Countess Grosvenor. Saturday, the Earl of Crewe opened the Bazaar and afterwards inspected the ambulance tent and men on duty expressing his delight at the splendidly arranged station. Eight slight cases were treated including a dislocated elbow which was reduced within ten minutes after the accident by our energetic surgeon, Dr. Jones. Through the kindness of our president the men were specially conducted through Crewe Hall which was thoro ugly appreciated. Several cases have been recorded by members of the corps, although nothing very serious. On Saturday, August r5th, the annual cyclist sports were held on the Alexandra Ground when the foilowing officers and men were on duty in charge of Supt Oldham: Officer Ga\\thorne, Privates Coope, Meakins, Warton, Billingsley, Collins, Jervis, S, Potter, Parsons, J. Potter. A nice tent was provided by the sports committee. U nfortunately we have to record a serious bicycle smash by far the yet dealt with by us at any public gathering. The competitors in the final heat bicycle handicap included C. House, Crewe; S. Rall1ger , Burslem; H. M. Holland, Crewe. They had just completed the first lap when House, who ,vas leading and going at a great speed, dashed into the boundary fence with hi s machine closely followed by Rainger and H olland. Immediately the ambulance men conveyed the injured and insensible men on stretchers to the ambulance tent. A messenger was despatched for Dr. Gray and in the meantime the sufferers were most efficient ly attended by Supt. Oldham and his Dr. was fO,rtunately in the vicinity and thoroughly each patient. Rall1ger, who was suffering from severe conCUSSIOn, was removed to the Cottage H03pital by Privates Warton,] ervi s and Co ope, closely followed by Dr. Gray. Cyclist House was removed to his home by Privates J. Potter, Meakin and S. Potter and attended by Dr. Moody, he. still being unconsci.ous. Cyclist H'olland though cut an.d brUised recovered conSCIOusness, and was attended by Pnvates B.il Ill1.gsley and Parsons, which enabled him to be conveyed home by fnen.ds. four cases were treated and the public were loud In thtlr praise as to efficient way in which the injured to. On. later the Cottage Hospital the cyclist Rall1ger IS 111 a very cnt,cal conditIOn, House having near ly recovered.

FAVERSHAM DIVJSION.-On Thursday, the 13th August, a detachment of the Co:ps accompanied by 1st officer Clinch a nd in response to an lI1Vltatlgn gwen them bl Captain Hooper, marched from

A I D. [September, 1896.

Faversham to Harewell, with their st ret che rs and the new hand·ambulance, and on the lawn in front of that gentleman's residence gave an excellent exposition of the method of rendering first aid to the wounded. An imaginary hzcmorrhage was stoppeu, a broken leg supplied with splints, and a very serious injury.to the sk.ull of another patient received prompt attention. In fact, so skilfu l was the treatment that recovery, even in the most serious cases, quickly followed. The broken leg was within a few minutes apparently giving it owner no further trouble, and the injured skull was talking merrily with the h;;cmorrhage. After othe cases had been as satisfactOrily treated, Captain Hooper invited his guests to "refreshment drill," and all sat down to a. substantial repast spread in a large tent nea.r the lawn, a kindness which after their walk and drill all thoroughly appreciated KESWICK.- The Ashford Litter arrived in Keswick o n the 24th July and has given the greatest satisfaction. It was on the sports field on August Bank Holiday in charge of a detachment of the Brigade, but fortunately its services were not required. 'iVe have not as yet secured a suitable building for the litter, its present place not being convenient for it. The Ashford Litter was brought into use for the first time on Friday, the 21st jnst. Word was received from Dr. Knight (who was a subscriber for the litter), to remove a young lad, s ufferingfrom rheumatic fever, from his home to the ( Mary IIewitson" Cottage Hospital, which was done with the greatest comfort to the poor lad. 2nd Officer Wardle, Private Todd and Henderson had charge of the litter. Major Dr. Trimble, of Preston, Deputy-Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for the northern dist"ict, visited Keswick on Monday, August roth, for the purpose of inspecting the Keswick Division. Th e parade was at the Crosthwaite Parish Ro om, local head-quarters, and there were present, Canon Rawnsley (president), Messrs, Jos. Hall (chairman), G. Hogarth (superintendent), J. G:udiner (lst officer), J. r. Wardle (second officer), F. Stanley (hon. sec.); Dr. C. G. Ring was unable to be present through being indisposed, There was a good company on parade notwithstanding the busy season and so short a notice received. The exercises included company drill, preparing stretcher, loa.ding stretcher stretcher exercises Nos. 2 and 3, dressi ngs for breast, dislocated jaw temple, broken thigh, hoemcrrhage of foot,&c. At the close Dr. Trim':lle expressed his satisfaction at the manner in which the members had acquitted themselves, and added that he believed they would have done even better if the inspector had not been a stranger. He compliment ed the Brigade upon the possession of so useful a first officer as Mr. Gardiner, and he expressed the hope that later on the Division would appear in uniform. Canon Rawnsley thanked Dr. Trimble, on behalf of the Division, for kindly coming to in spec them. He said they ought to be proud of such a lot of men, who gave up part of their time and services to this excellent and worthy cause. Visitors coming into the district, he was sure, would feel safer; for, if any accident occurred, assistance would readily be given. Major Trimble replied, and said it had been a pleasure to him to inspect the Division, and as this would be an annual inspection, he hoped he would be spared to come again to Keswick.

POTTERIES COI{ps.-The work ,in this corps continues to receive great attention from the members of the principal divisions. Newcastle and Stoke have kept well to their drills d'iring August. The recen competition for three sergeants in the Stoke division was very interesting, and resulted in Robinson, Hand, and Huxley being appointed out of ten competitor3 On August 1+th, at Newcastle, a general working committee of four officers and four men were elected to carryon the work in that town. No" cases" are reported for August. Leycett and Madeley division have had a good practice in bandage work, but have not teen called to attend to any cases. They purpose taking a good stretcher exercise the first Wednesday in September. Burslem division have sent in no reports. Since last issue, good work has been done by the Corps in attending several important public gatherings. On July 27th, 2nd Officer Hancock (Burslem) with Kearns, Mansfield,\iVoodcock, Pettitt, and Bould attended Burslem Evening Sports, and were called upon to render first aid in three cases. One rider in the mile bicycle race for policemen injured both arms, shoulder, hip. and leg , another rider getting a' scrape from a pedal in the same race. A third person fell off in the one mile" Open" race, and scratched both elbows and one knee. All three cases were promptly and satisfactorily attended to. On August 4th, a squad of men in charge of Officers Bagnall and !Jancock attended Stoke sports fully prepared with all appliances, and on August 4th and 5th squads went to the great fete at Alton Towers, under the guidance on the first day of Superintendent Boardman, and on the secOl,d day of 2nd Officer Hancock. There was only one case to attend to. In this instance a man named Young had bee n run o ver before the team arrived A policeman, withl some help, took him to the station. when a doctor was called in and set his broken leg. Fortunately, just as they were about to remove him to his train on a barrow, our men arrived with a stretcher, and were able to convey the man very comfortably to his train, which was sta nding in a siding about 200 yards away. It is mo st encouraging to note that the efforts put forward by the Stoke Railway division (which is so ably conducted by Secretary and 1st Officer Bagnall), have resulted in stretcher and ambulance schools, &c., being supplied by the North Stafford Railway

September, 1896.J FIRST

Company to all stations l.ine where the staff (or some of them) have made themselves profiCIent 10 Ambulance work, vVe wish them success in .this railway division., as there are very few places for which this work IS more needed a nd IS more useFul than on o ur great railways. WINSFORD.-The fIrst Jnsp ectlOn of this division took place on Saturday, August 1st, 10 the grounds of Highfield House Winsford kindly lent by J ohn Rigby, Esq., C.C. The division under Heathcote marched from the .fire station to the I;rounds under a bUl n Il1g sun and then had to walt an hour for the arrival of the In's pectin,g Offic:r whose train was very l,,:te : The Inspecting Officer was Dr. c. J. Tnmble, the Deputy-CommissIOner of the District and with his arrival. rain began to fall and soon devel'oped 111to a heavy d ownpo ur. Supenntendent Heathcote put the division through various drill exercises until Dr. Trimble asked for di smissal so th:J.t the men might shelter. After waiting another hour indoors witbout .sign of the rain ceasing the Doctor put each man through an examll1allon on ambulance work, and then in a brief a.:ldress he expressed his great satisfaction with what had been done and said that although the weather had prevented a fuller drill he was so well satisfied wi th the Ii tde he hau seen that he was prepared to take it for. gl.·anted th.at the rest would have been equally well done. He said gave hll:n great :pleasure to meet them, and especially to see them 111 the bngade uniform and so well up in drill. He also pointed out the nec.essity for discipline and compliance with orders. The said that after the very (in spite of the weather) pleasant time they had spent with Dr. Trimble it would be a real pleasure to look forward to the annua l inspection in future by that gentleman. Mrs. Rigby very kindly entertained Dr. Trimble and Heathcote tea, afte.r which the Deputy-Commissioner left by trall1 for Bamber Bndge. WIth the exception of Second Officer Buckley who was away from home an d Private Barker who was ill every member was present.

How TO MAKE IT AT HOME.

IN number of July ?f "FIRST Am" we gave a few particulars concern1l1g Ozone and promised, the permission of the proprietors of the JVImerai lVater n'ade Revien.', to reproduce from that famous journ?-l some instru.ctions for producing ozone. The systems hereunder descnbed are so Simple that it would be remarkable if they were not by some of th ose who believe in the health-restorina properties of thIS remarkable 'lnd invigorating gas. b Ozone may be prepared*r. By passing through oxygen or air a number of electric sparks. :\lany apparatuses ha,:e been .constructed for produ cing ozone in this One of the SImplest I.S the" tube ozoniseur " of M. Houzeau, which he brought under the notice of the French Academy in February r87 2 It consists of a glass tube, similar to those employed in collectIOn .of gasses, the of which is placed a copper, lead, or (better still) a platll1um WIre, from IS} to 23} in ches 10nO' one of the of which makes its exit through a lateral orifice at the sUl?enor part ot the This opening is closed with wax, or sealed by the aid of gas light. On the outside of this tube another of the same metal, and about the same length, is rolled, so as to follow the direction of the wire within. These two wires beina placed in communication with the poles ofa Rumkorff's coil f.rom three quarters of an inch to an in ch in length,'a powerful OZOl1lzatlOn of the oxygen, or of the air whi ch is slowly transmitted th r oug h the tube, is immediately produced.

fo:egoing is a very simple mode of producing ozone; all that is reqU ired IS chamber and the silent electric sparks of three of an II1ch III length. When ozone is required in large r quantitles,a little apparatus known as Siemen's Ozone Tube should be employed

AID

is a sort of jar, through w!li.ch or air is dra.wn by n, <;>f bladder, bag, aspIrator, or pu ,np. To ozonise the a i r m Its It Simply necessary .to pass electr c sp:trks through the IS .oy attachlllg fine platinum wires, connected :WIth coat111gs of tmfOl1 on the two cylinder3, to the poles of a large mductlOn coal.

It must be admitted that the foregoing- is only fitted for a laboratory expenment on a v.ery ample scale, but for commercial purposes somethmg more extensIve would be required. Of course it is understOod so. far as am concerned, my remarks can only be sugO'estive leavll1g It. [or the engineer to adopt the princi pies explained to convel1lent machInery.

An. app:uatus designed by Mr. Edward Beanes, and constructed by Apps & Ladd, permlts,of the production of ozone in very large quantities, ';lse for comme:-cJaI or purpo,es, such as the of sug-ar, oil, rags, &c. I t should be adaptable also to th: of. the ael-ator, Here i.s a sketch of it as in Dr. Fox s book. In thIS, A represents a of glas3 plates carryll1g

SIBlE'S OZONE TUBE. as in the accomp,l11ying illu slration. It is cOll1posed of a glass cylll1der about the size of an ordll1ary test-tube, lined on the inside with tinIoil, which is enclosed and fixed in an outer cylinder coated on the out side with the same matelial. Th e ends of the large cylinder ale closed with corks for the admissio n of small glass tubes. The" Tube" *OZONE, lly D,· C01'1lolius l!'ox. "Ozolle nncl AIILozoll(l; When, Wh ere, Why, now is OZOllC observed in Lhc Atmospllere.'·

BEANES' OZONE GD!ERATOR. squares of tinfoil, of which B is the uppermost layer. CC are strips of the covered layers',and DD are plates of glass E IS the air or oxygen mlet, F the outlet, whIch would be connected with a two-way p ltnp, so that the air could be drawn through the box or chamber ozonised, and then stored in a gasometer or mixed up with the carbonic acid gas u se d for aerating, GG are binding screws for poles of a powerful induction coil, the coil being in connectIOn With battery. The air may be forced through by pumping it with E, when it will issue at F, and find its own way into the reservoir prepared for it. l\1r. Ladd has further improved upon the above, of whi ch a French sayant writes: "The instrument manufactured by ':\lr. l.add furnishes from the air a continuous supply o f ozo ne, quite free from all nitrous compounds whi ch are injurious to the organs of respiration. There are other modes of preparing ozone, which I think might be commercially adapted.

By this time it is to be hoped that some of our readers have discovered certain possibilities in the subject of which we are so confidently treating, and are showing that interest in the development which a truly ente rprising and commercial spirit dictates The cost of produ.:ing ozone,

('

LADD'S 1\1ODIF£CATION OF BEAl ES' OZONE CF.:,tEI{ATOR. in any amount, from the air is lillie enough beyond the cost of plant, and this would not be anything excessive, that is, if the electric f]lal k princi pIe of evolving ozone be adopted, .\.s I stated before, ;\[1'. \V. Ladd of London, has slightly improved upon Beanes' generator, and it is ;10W frequently used Ior purifying the air of mines, hospitals and olher public buildings. It might be used wilh considerable advantage

FIRST

in he O'aUeries of some of our theatre s and musi c-hall s That it is capable °of producing ozone so freely is a g'uarantee that it .w o uld be available for the aerator. It consists of a mahogany cox 14 mch es by 7 inches by I! inches, on the inside of whi ch are six she:'!ts of g-Iass, each sheet having a square piece of tinfo il pa sted on one side of it. These plates are separated from one another by s lips of glass pl aced along two edges, so as to have a ser ies of broad channels of a depth equal to the thickne ss of each plate. The dotted lines in the drawing show the position of the plates, with the squares of tinfoil in the middle. Oxygen, or ordinary air, in passing between these plates, becomes strongly ozonised when the binding screws, CC. are placed in connection with the induction coiL The box is open above and below to permit of a free passage of air, in order that f"esh ozone may be made uninterruptedly. The poles of the battery are connected with the tinfo il, one with numbers I, 3,5, and the ot h er with 2, 4, and 6, thu s keeping up a powerful shower of spa rk s, which pass through the stream of air as it passes through the body of the generator, between the plates, entering at A pa ss ing out at B. In this apparatus the ozone falls down as fast as it fo rm s, by rea son of its greater density, and in this way a current is created As the ozone forms it ca n be co llerted in receivers, closed re servoirs or gasometers, and conveyed thither by a small pump.

Should the questibn arise as to whether the pump should be attached to the entrance or exit of the machine, my personal op inion is th:tt the operation will be much more effective if a sort of bellows is used to force the air or oxygen tbrough, as then the gas bei ng operated upon would be slightly compressed, especially if the exit could be narrowed a little, even to the extent of for ming a tube by which the ozone would be condu ct ed to its gasometer o r reservoir. If the oxygen s u se d in stead of air, then by means of a lightly weighted gasometer cup, a co nstant and regular pre ss ure would be kept up, anci in this way the stream passing through the machine would also be regulated. ;\Ir. Ladd 's apparatus might be either vertical or horizontal-the former would pe haps give more satisfactory results.

In order to make this idea clear I give a rou gh diagram of he arrangement. The oxygen or air is pumped throu g h the tube A into the gasometer B, which communicates with the ozone generator C by the tube D. At E are a num bel' of ring weight s by which the pressure can be regulated to a nicety. The tube F s that through which the ozone passes in to the carbonic acid gas receiver of t he ordinary aerating apparatus and GG are the wires communicating with a powerful induction coil, supplied by a cell battery.

It will be convenient here to make two or three observations which may, in a measure, modify the system of working in the manufacture of ozone.

Andrews, Tait, H ouzea u, and others have hitherto advocated the silent spark theory in the creation of ozone, a nd the latter claims for the "tube of ,which he is the in ventor that it pos sesses the PO\\ er of chargll1g oxygen WIth ozone to the extent of from Ttr gr, to IT'b- gr. in the litre (6I cubic inches). In opposition to this opinion comes more recently that of Meissner, and he expresses -in an account of his most recent researches-doubts as to whether the production of ozone is connected with the process of discharge, and thinks that it s manifestation by the aid of electricity and oxygen is a question rather of the efff. ct of the tension or force of the discbarge. He has dearly demonstrated that ozone can be produced by electricity without the passage of a spark through oxygen. That it can be created in sufficient quantity for commercial purposes asalready described must suffice for the nonce. There are other mean s of producing ozone, and these are by the of acid ula ted wa ter- by placing a s ti ck of phosphorus, scra ped dean, ll) the bottom of a vessel of air c.ontaining sufficien t tepid water to half It. J\fter the lapse of an hour or two the production of ozo.ne attall1Slts maxImum. I do not consider this system sufficiently pracllcal for our purpo se but the following is worth consideration. Dr. Fox tells us that ., Ozone is formed by the action of strong s ulphuric acid upon potassium permanganate "-Bottger (German c hemist) mixes very gradually three parts of the acid with two parts of the salt. The mixture, he states, will continue to give off ozone for several month s. Dr. Fox says further that" This mode of preparing ozone is perferred by me .for of the air of hospitals, halls for public assemblIes, &c., and It IS reasonable, therefore, to suppose that if it can be used for the one purp ose, it can also be u se d [or the other. .Now, with t? the propor.tion of ozone that can be safely mixed WIth the carbonIC aCid for aeratll1g, and the proportion that will be necessary to off sensible results, there will, necessarily, be a conSiderable elasliclty of computation. Combined with carbonic acid o-as the exciting effects. would be materially modified An of ozone be P?I SO nOU s so also would an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas, thIS latter bemg far more deadly than the ozone; but, in combinatio?, one negatives the other, and thus the danger of b'y the excessive use of either is absolutely le ss than it would be WIth ordJl1ary aera ted water, and we all know that there is 110t much danger in that. So far, we have maximum quantity would be harmle ss; the next questIon IS a s to mll1lmum. At the outset we are info rmed that the air when most amply charged with ozone does not exceed part; therefore we might s uppo se that water charged

A I D. [September, 180G.

with a like proportion would be sufficient to yield fairly invigoratingeffects, but there is a very ser io us lo ss incurrcd by effervescence, whi ch would lead the practised aerator to mak e a very !): actical calculation

From a medical point of view, I am of opinion that water aerated with 1 part of ozone to 10 parts of carbo ni c acid gas would be prod uctive of a valuable beverage, gently st imulating the circulatory system, and elieving nervous depression by its purifying action up o n the blood.

Volunteer of If n%tru ctioll.

Pres/dent.-MAJOR ANDREW MACL URE, V.D., late L.S.R.V.

Offices. - 7, St. B ene t Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C.

CLASSES FOR THE TRAINING OF STRETCHER HEARERS OF UNITS.

(Queen's Regulati ons and Orders for the Army, Section X I V , Paras. 58 to 66; and Volunteer R egu lation s, Part 1. Section IV., Para. 27 1).

Syllabus of Courses of [nstruction to be delivered a1 the head-qua rters of the London Rifle Brigade, I30, Bunhill Row, FinslJury, E.C., commencing at 7.30 p.m. on Monday, October 5th, can be obtained from the HOll. Sec., Surgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman 7, St Benet's Place, Gracechurch S t reet.

Instru ct ion in the use of the Triangular BanJage will be give n by Surgeon,Lieutenant H. Dickson, i\I.B., C.S.R.V., commencing about November 2nd

The advanced course for Pa ssed i\lembers will commence on the same date at 7. 30 p.m. and be und e r the cbarge of Surgec n-Liell1enant

E. M. Callender, M.D., C.S.R.V., and Surgeon-Lieutenant E. \V. St. V. Ryan, L o nd on Irish Rifles.

Book required,- The I nstruction in both classes will,;-Is far as possihle, be confined to that laid down in the 2IIanu al for the Medi ca Staff Corp, 1894. Th ose who are unable to pro :: ure the i\1anual should obtain Gell's "Aids to the Injured and Sick."

Application Forms can be obtained of the Honorary Secretary, Surgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman, Artists' R.V., 7, St. Benet's Place, Gracechurch S t reet, E.C.

(By Ord er) H. F STOKES, Surgeon-Major, Senior Medical Officer In str uctor.

,VIN SFO:':D the last month this di\'i s ion has been in active sen'ice, keeping up its reputation fo r real and useful work amongst the injured. Quite a number of cases have been dealt in c luding the following :-Injury to face, injury to back and ribs, epilepsy, wound of t hum b, fractures of leg' arm, &c. The following members h love been engaged in rendering- aid :-First Officer Bates , Second Cffi :er Buckley, Privates I\Iullock, Bratt, D enson, Blden, and Barker, ani Superinten den t H eathcote. The litter has also been in requisition,

£100 FRE E I NSURANC E

A GAI N S T AC CI DENT S

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of F IRST AID 111 case of death as pr ov ided below, by T he Sickness an d A CC1d en t A ssu r a n ce A ss o ciation, Ltd. He ad Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDG-mURGH. London Office :-6+, MOORGATE STREET, L.O.NDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following condItIOns must be sent WrTHIN THRE E DAYS. A pplicable t o P ass e n ge r T rai ns i n G reat B ritain & I re l and.

NOTICE

Messrs. ALAN PALMER & Co. hav i ng rel n q u ished business have g ven up the pub li cat on of th is Jo u rna l, whi ch w i l i be temporal"ily publ shed at the Pr i nt e rs Al wr tten communicat ions , ho w ever , should be a ddressed to the Man a ger, Advert iS ng De partment , 4 4 Claremo n t Ro a d , H ighga e.

TRADE NOTICE

The Trade wil be s u pp li ed by Mr F BRETT , 5, Pi g r i m Str e et , Ludgate H :II j'Br eviti es.

IT is our duty, and t:--.e duty of every Englishman , to congratulate our belm'ed Queen on having reigned longer than :111)' other monarch in thi s country. It is a matter of special gratification to all intere ste d in ambulance work, knowing the ke e n delight that Her .:\.Iajesty has shown in the cause on every poss ible occasion. \Ve de\'outly hop e that she may be to celebrate the completion of her sixtieth year on the throne in the month of June next, at which time we expect that ambulance men :J.r:d women of all grades will be on duty at the festivities.

1:"

As \ve are preparing press the accident on the Great Eastern Railway at March is reported, re s ulting in one death and injuries to a number of passengers. In the accounts 111 the daily papers before u s there is no mention of the ambulance work, but knowing that the Company has about fiye per cent of its employes under certificate, we feel certain that we shall have a good rep ort of first aid assistance being rendered. (X ote. -Since the above was written a report has been se nt in ) Raih,'ay accidents, with their terrible con seq uences, bring vividly before us the neces sity of having a good ambulance organisation, and happy are those directors who feel that they have an efficient ambulance staff to rely upon when occasion arises.

*'

1:-.: connection with this subject we haye been fayoured by a well kno\\"l1 correspondent (whom we deeply thank) for a mo s t interestll1g article, going a little more into detail, and giving more particular s of the method by which hcemorrhage can be arrested.

,>loI:

\V ITH reference to a note (. Tourn iqu et " referring to certain st ri c tur es on the ),[argate Diyi sion, SL. John _-\mbulance Brigade , which app2ared in a local print, we haye recei\'ed a greJt deal of correspondence on this s ubject and from a careful analysis of the same we unh esita tingly declare our op ini on that there is no ground for complaint against the Diyision. An irresponsible edito r in of copy ofttimes se izes on allY reports, or othenyise, that may come in his way, and to our mind that is what bas occu rred on this occasion. _-\.mbulance work hO\ye\'c r , ha s taken t oo stro ng a hold on public of inion to be damaged by s uch innuendos.

jfi rst

HER:'lE B.-\Y.-OI1 Wednesday afternoon, Sep tem be r 9th, as a brake belonging to J. W. Colbrd, was being dril'en along the Canterbury 'Road, one of the passengers named Ralph fell off ke in to the road, the fall resulting in conCUSSIOn ot the brall1. He \\'as immediately taken to Dr. Fenoulhet, lIon. Surgeon to the Di\'ision, and, :Jfter hal'ing b een attended to by that gentleman, \\'as remo\'ed to the Cottage Hospital by a squad ot t. John lance Brigade under direction of J. F. Sbelley. It was [earell the accident would proye a serious one, but the gentleman s no\\' progressing slowly _ shocking accident occurred at Sud bury and " S tation on Thursday e\'ening, September 10th, sr..only after, 0 clo.ck.

£1 0D

O NE HUNDR E D POUNDS will be paid hy tne above In surance Company to the Legal representa tives of any per son killed by an accident to the train in which deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally !l1J ured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. P r ovide d that at the time o f sllch accident the person so killed or fatally inj ured was the owner of FI RST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly siO'ned with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and being of the essence of the contract. Signature

THE railways in .-\merica ;re going ahead. It will be see n by a paragraph in Tile Lancet from their correspondent at Philadelphia , that a hospital c:tr has been added to the rolling stock of one of the railroad s Ve wonder which will be the first of the Briti sh railway companies to fit up an ambulance wagon and have it in readiness at the depot. Perhaps the Great Eastern ,,"ould have been glad to have had one ready at their accident at March. The railway ambulance wagon is bound to come, the only question is, who will be the first in the field?

*'

Dr\' , C.A!\TLIE has sent us article this month showing bow important it is for first-aiders to know a little more about the Tourniquet than is usually taught by lccturers. It is an instrument mo s t po,,'erful in its results, and capable of inflicting serious harm if used by ignorant persons, and yet how often do we see at competitions and exhibitions the Tourniquet applied for cases of apparently slight hcemorrhage - il seems in the minds of many firstaiders to be their on ly remedy for any kind of bleeding whethe r severe or sli ght, arteria l or venous

I appears that the junior porter, E. J. Sa rers, \\'as 111 the aCE of tendmg the signal lamps and wa s just stepping to the platform the bridge of the station when, f.tiling to n ot ice a train, the -+.,0 of Euston., he was knocked down and his riO'ht lea se\'ered from hIS body, beSIdes being severely cut about he nd aid \\'as immediately soucrht but it was found that Dr. Goddard was at East Lan e and Dr. away from the distri.cL Se\'eral of the of the St, John -\mbulance BrIgade \\'ere qUIckly on the spot \\ Ith tb e ll ambulance, and rendered \yhat aid they. could .to the unfortunate porter. In the meantime an up ,express Signalled ThiS, station -m aster, Fruin had stopped, and IYJthlI1 a quarter -of-an -h oUl after the accident, '\[ essr5 Goss, Coker and R,o\\'e, o.f the Brigade, \I'ere in charge cf the car m rout,] forT. nl\-erslty HosplLal. An ambulance \\'as waiting the arri l'a l of the traln at Ellston, and Sayeis shortly after was handed O\'er to the charge of the surgeon at .th,e h05pitt!. were informed bter 0n Thursday.e\.-e nll1g, that Sa).els \\'as bearing up \\ell under his a.nd recel\'lng that surg ical skill could offer. On 111qlllnng at the h?SI:lIta lat mId-day on Friday, the surgeon in charge. ?f the c.ase. us that Sayers was" doing capitally." The !l1Jury to hIS nght leg \\as a lIttle bela\\' the knee and it \\'as found necessary to .amputate the limb through the kne'e joint. His injuries :l. .wound four inches lo ng, a cut about an 1I1ch long under the lIght almplt, and a cut over the ri ght buttock. " '. 0'

POTTERIES.-On August 25th, as Bugler H., Oll\ e l.\\as pas"l11" up Hi gh Street, Silverdale, he noticed a W0111an bemg carned IIUO a house, and all inquiring \"hat \\' as the matter was informe? she fallen 0.0\\'11 in the street and injured herself. On exaJ111l1atiOn he !ound she was suffering from a scalp w ound, he washed the wound stOPPed the bleeding by applying pad and .bandage. -O n ,)Id, Ba sford Il'as o n duty in Red Square, a man fell on the foo::path in an ep ilepti c lit. BasfOld lendeled fibt aid and succeeded in bringing him after a qual ter fJ had elapsed. Sergt. Deakin and P.C. Bloor, \\'ho 2f lIt a\ certificates then a;rived and the man was remo\'ed to t e T and with so me warm bre:l.d and milk. After paI:t:J,'1l1g 0, It, and resting for about an hour he \"as able to proceed on hiS JOUI ne).

FIRsrr ,IDoDtt

of the Birmingham Corps of the St. John A m bula n ce Brigade last month rendere d first aid in caces. Resol utions were passed at the monthly meeting last llight - '\lr A. R. Tozer presiding-in favour of a church parade, and also for a contIngent of members to attend the Charity Sports at the County Grounds on the 29th inst. It was reported that a member of the King's Norton Division (Samuel Hayes) bad rendered ability in rescuing and restoring consciousness to young c1llldren who had falleI? Into a at King's ::\'orton, and it was resolved that a letter bewntten conveYlllg the committee's appreciation of his conduct.

H ULL. -On Saturday, 5th September, the members of thIs corps visited Hull Bank House, by kind permission of Colonel H awortb Booth, D. L. T.P The party were received in the Hall by the Colonel and his family In ·the absence of M rs Haworth Booth, through illness, which is very much regretted, ::'IIi ss Hall'o rtb Booth and ::'IIr s H aworth Booth, junior. presented the medallions and certificates to ladies who recently passed their examination. An exhibition of ambulance work was given in the Hall by the mem bers of the ::\ orfolk Street police division under Sergt. D ouglas, central di,'ision under ?Upt. \Vingat e, and the ladies of the nursing division, which was hIghly appreciated by those present. Colonel Haworth Booth spoke about the usefulness of the Association, hoping that the corps may prosper as there cannot be any nobler work than to relieve the sufferings of those wh o suddenly meet with an accident, and showed his sympathy with the Hull corps by handing the secretary a cheque of hve guineas. ::'Ilr.].

French Th ompson (the Secretary of the centre) and Superintendent

Secretary Krause thanked '\liss Hallortl1 Booth and ;\Irs. Haworth Booth, junior, for kindly presenting the certificates, and Colonel Haworth Booth for giving the members of the corps such a hearty welcome ::'IIr Haworth Booth, junior, respo:1ded. The party then adjourned to the tent for tea and aftenyards took a stroll through the grounds .-On the 15th September , the members of the central di"ision of the Hull corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade mct at the Hull Infirmary on the occasion of the annual distribution of certificates

Mr. ::'II. Hopper (the Chief Superintendent) presided, and amongst those present ,yere the Sheriff and '\Iiss ::'Ilonill, Drs. Full erton and Waters, ::'IIr. J. French Th ompson, l\Ir. E F. Krause (Superintendent Secretary), &c. The Chairman, in welcoming the Sheriff and his daughter, mid that their presence showed they were interested in the movement, and encouraged the members of the corps to carrytbeirwork to a better issue. An interesting ciemonstration of first aid to the inju"ed having been witnessed, ::'IIr. French Thompson gaye a rt!sltllZe of t h e history of the Order of St. John. He referred to its work during the Crusades, :tnd said that it had possessions at Beverley and at i'\ewland, which were taken away by Henry "III. After some time the Order was taken up by se,·erJ.I of the royalty and nobility of Engbnd. and a few years ago a charter of incorporation was gr,wted to it. Her ::'I[ajesty the Queen becoming the Patron. H.R.H. the Prince of Wales the Grand Prior. The objects of the Order were specified by the charter which was framed upon the origina l objects of the old Order, but all along the main object had been the trea tment of the ,younded. The ambulance brigade was formed about 1878, its object being the teaching of the proper method of rendering first aid in case of accident. Since its formation, the Hull centre had issued certificates to 1,) 00 people, and their wish was that tho:e ,\"ho obtained them woultl keep up the knowl.edge which they had obtained, because they never knew when they mIght be called upon to render aS1istance. ::'Ili ss \Iorril! then presented one medallion and a large number of certificates to the sucmembers. She also, at the request of the an d Lll1colnshlre(Hull Pier) Class, presented a gold pencil case to Dr. Fullerton, and. a silver medallion to '\Ir. R. " 'inter, the hon. secretary. Upon the motIon of ::'Ilr. Slater, seconded by .i.\lr. Kr ause and supported by ::'IIr. Chapman, a hearty vote of thanks ,yas accorded to :\li ss :'II orrill for kindness. The Sheriff acknowle d ged the resolution on behalf of hIS daughter. He expressed their pleasure at be in g present, and said that he thought thanks were due from them. Ther e C0uld be no two about the utility of an association of that kind, :tnd he was delzg!:ted to see so. many persons present evincing an interest in it. 11 IS lIfe had been.a busy one, he could not help thinking how much more he mIght have bee n If he had possessed a tithe of the kno wledge whIch mo st of those present had. i\part from the humanity of the thlDg. ho\\' proud they must be to sh ow they had sufficient skill to render valuable ald He would glad to become an annual subscriber, and he hoped and trusted the Bngade would pro s per year by year.-

T.he of the Peel Street division of this corps comme n ced their WInter seSS Ion on September 21st, 1396, by an at-home, given by the officers They were fa\'oured by the presence of Chief Superintendent and Superintendent Secretary Krause, who gave some ery ll1terestll1g remarks about ambulance work. Superintendent Tunn ard also adtlressed the members, urging them to attend to the work and have a successful winter session The remainder of the evening was given up parlour ga!lles, so ngs, &c., light refreshments wele also prol Ided the evenIng.

POTTERIES.-Dunng the month Dr. Arlidge has delivered a course

At D.

of lectures, and gi"en in structio n to t he corps in the use of the ba ndao-e Th e men of the :\'ewc ast le Divisi o n h:l.\'e kept well to their drills. '" They were well represented in the streeto duri n :; the Vakes whi c h has just taken place, but \ye are pleasei to say that although there were a great n um be r of I' isito rs to the town no accidents occurreJ.

WELU:\,GBOROUGH.

CE COJIPETITlO:'l".-Probably n o ot h er institution has been taken up so vigorously in the county as the ambulance movement, for on every hand the vitality and popularity of the St. J o hn Am buhnce Brigade is increasing, eve ry o ne adcing- support and sy mpathy to such a capita l organisation. On S aturday, Augu st 15th, the" cream" of tbe county in strong force to take part in the compet ition for the N orthampton Challenge Cup and ::'Ileda lsa hand some trophy generously presented by '\I r S. :\rchur s, I)f Northampton, and a hte member of the corps of that tOIYn. The ,yeather was delightfully fine, and a hrge number of persons interested in the movement watched the com petition with k in terest, the proceedings beino- held in B:tssetts' Close, kindly lent by ::'IIr. Charles \Yatkin. The "'competiLion was open to squads, consist ing of four men, one sergeant, or :tcting sergel nt of the St. John .\mbulance resident in the county, and no leos than 16 squads put in a n appearance. The competing squads assembled at the headquarters of the Welling- borough Corps at two p.m., when the draw for order of competition was proceeded with. A procession was then formed, and headed by the Wellingborough T own Silver Band, paraded the principal streets of the tOll'n to Bassetts' Close, the Cyclist Corps am bulance wago n, stretchers, wheel litter s, and all equipment·" with about 15 0 officers :lnd men constitut in o- the procession. The officers in attendance were Chief Supt. T. W oo lst on, Supt. T. H. Hilton, Supt. C. ::\icholson. Sergt. C Clayson, Sergt. Rixon. Supt. and Treasurer T. E. Grayely (Wellingborough Corps), Chi e f Supt. F. T. Tre.nery, Supt. Simpson, Se rg t. _-\dams, Sergt. Beal (Kettering Corps), ChIef Supt. Perry (.\orthampton Corps), Supt. Hayman (::'II etropolitan C orps), Supt. Higgins, First Officer Groome (Higham Ferrers ) , and others. upon arrival at. the parade ground the Corps was put through a short drill by Chief Supt. \\' oolston, and then the competition was proceeded with. be in g witnessed by Dr. W. W. Clark (vice-president of the Welling-borough Centre), Dr \udLtnd, Dr. \\' atson, and Dr. Jones. The judges \I'ere Surgeon.\rajor Hutton, J.P., of Leamington (organising Commissioner St. John .-\mbuhnce .-\ssociat ioni, and Surgeon-Capt. Ritchie (as tleputy for Surgeon - \Iajor Flood, .-\ .::'II. D., of Weedon Garrison). Th e progress of the competit ion was closely watched by th03e pre3ent, who were greatly impressed with the proficiency of the comp=titors. .-\t the conc lu sion the whole of the men ,yere formed into a square, Iyhen Surgeon-\Iajor Hutton announced the result. Haying expressed the pleasure it afforded him to be present that day, the officer stated that ::\0. 10 squad (under Sergt. Smeathers: of Wellingborough) heatled the list witb 270 marb, and the cup and medals ,vould therefore go to them. The second prize \i edJ.ls, given by th e \Vellin g-borough Cei1tre, was '\'011 by ::\0.6 squad (under Sergt Coling, l'\orthampton); and Xo. squad (under Sergt. Ekins, Xorthampton) would be highly commended (.-\pplause.) IIe Iy as p leased that tht cause baJ been of such gootl sen'ice in Wellingborough. They had had ele,'cn men and one for \Yomen-and they had treated 167 cases of ll1June:> and accidents. Their horse ambulance had IrJ.velled over 719 mile s which must cause a diminution of suffering, their men haying to tra"el bot h by night and day with their patients. Squads of men had been on duty at all pu blic gathel ings, and he W:IS pleased that the membership \Yas-\Yellingborough 60 men, Hi gham 20, RL,shden 23, \Y ollasto n 32, Finedon 17, and Ringste:td 19. (.-\ppbll3e.) He (the speaker) \l'as not a stranger in \\'ellingborough,for he had many friends in the tOll'n, \\"hom he hoped to keep till his death. Concluding, the Surgeon -::'I Jajor 5<1.id he reaarded the Lifeboat In stitution as a national life pr o tector upon the and the Sr. John Ambulance Brigade as a national life protector upon the land. (Loud applause and cheers) -Surg:eonCaptain Ritchie said he had been plca,ed to \, atch the effiCIency ot the men and thouo-ht the officers must ha"e felt proutl of them. It had yery t:> decide who deserl"ed the although 10 came before all the rest in the first ten; but it was with regard to the second prize as to ,,'hether o. or 6 Squad deserved it, the latter eventually being adjudged winners The cup, a \'ery tr?phy, was then presented to Sergeant Smeathers by ::'Ilr :>. Clark, the wde of Dr. W. \V Clark, the medals heing aleo h a nd ed to the first and second prize Squads. "\ number of nursing and other certificates were also presented by ::'IIrs. Clark.-"\ hearty vote of thanb, ringing cheers, was then accorded to ::'IIrs. Clark for her serl'lces 111 presenting the cup and medals , on the .mollon of Dr. Audla.nd, seconded by ;\1r. T. :'I1addocks.- In respondlllg, Dr. Clark (t h e VIce· pre side nt of the Wellingborough Centre) said e,'ery one. o f ambulance men had done themseil'es greatcredlt that Jay by dlsplayll1g such efficiency. He announced that ::'I'lrs. Clark had pr om isetl to prol ide the Centre with a new ho spit:ll tent, and this wa s received with -A Yote of thanks was then propo sed to the judges by Chief Supt. \V oo l ston seconded by Chief Supt. Perry, Surgeon- ::'IIa jor H lllto n suitably gathering cl osed with a similar <:ompl im ent to Clurles W'ltkin for the u se of hIS field for the gathermg.

October, 1896.J FIRST

HEADgl'ARTER'S DIVISIO:'l".-Cyclist W. Tebbutt and. J. C.

Rocrers who also be long to the 1st V.B. Northamp tonsh lre RegIment, themselves, the former having won the Duke of Grafton's Challenge Gup, and the latter the M onth ly Challenge Cup of the Welling boro ugh The First Aid P oor Box, whIch was started at the suggestIOn of the Committee last year, continues to be of the gre:ttest service in helping the officers of the Corps to give relief to very poor people with whom they come in contact during the carrying out of the work of the Corps. H cases of fir st aid have reported to the Head Quarters, COI1siscino- of 7 fractures and vanou s wounds, fits, &c. Detachments have had to be detailed for spec ial duty each week for attenda nce at school athletic sports, &c. Sergt. Smeathers and his detachment had a lively time at the vVellingboroug h Amateur Athletic Spo rts, baving I{ cases, IO (through an upset in a cycle race) having to be attended to at one time, consist ing o.f abrasions of elbows antl knees, severe cut on legs and shoulder, sprall1ed arm and kn ee. I roller bandages were used.

FEl{RERS Dn'ISIO:'< .-T he weekly drills under Supt. Rio-crins have been well attended. A squad, under Staff- Sergt. Bettles, out smartly the other day, a nd transported a case of fracture of the le o- from a neighbouring I illage to the Infirmary new ly formed Division will do good work The Secretary rep orts that a short time ago two boys were playing at a sham duel at 1300t W(l rks, one cutting the other boy's \\TISt, seyenng the artenes. Pl'te. J. S. M ack ne ss promptly rendered first doctor was to found for Ii h?urs, and when the suraeon dId arrIve he told the boy s fnends hat PnYate had ceI"'tain ly sa\'ed the boy's life. nIem bers of this Division II'ho hall passed the .\ur sing were called on by surgeon to help mo,'e (at night) a man who had cut hIS throat; thIS they did 1110St willino-Iy, and to the doctor s satIsfactIon. This Division has been drilling e,'ery week under Staff.-Sergt. Rixon, assisted by ot he rs from Head . A Church P arade has been held, and £q was collected for thIS DIYlSlOn from the various places of worship The Co-operative Society have o-i,'en the use of their large room, and presented a stretcher.

FINEDO=-< DI\'ISIO:'l".-This Division parades el 'e ry week for drill unier Supt. Xicholson and a from H eatl Qua.rters. This Divisi o n has on ly beeu formed Sll1ce Camp Rr=-<GSTEAD DIVISIO=-<. -This Di vision under Sergt. J. Perry deserves all praise. On October 1st they hold.ing a Parade and in the e,·ening. 10 men have gone They hal'e Division, and under Dr. .\Iackenzle these ladles do a.ll the .\ ursll1g 111 the I'illage.

lRail\)Jfl\? Rrnbulance.

1:'< a previ o us ssue lie to the first-aid classes. beld by the London Chath 1m & D O"er Company for theIr empl oyees statio ned between "i ctoria and Holborn Viadu ct, and have just learnt that 303 completed a course of and for examination, 237 successfully passll1g the examll1er. \\ e understand that the Company intends to further incre:ts e the m o 'ement amongst the ir Staff.

HOR:'l"SEY RISE.-An int eresting ceremony took place at the Jubilee H all, II ornsey Ri se, when the members of the Tottenh tm and lIam pstead Junction RaihyuyAmbu.hnce .Corps who passed the recent examinatio n were presented ,nth th elf cert Ificates badges, and DI. Horace ;\lur ray, of 470 Ilorn sey R oad, wh o had lhe men, was the recipient of a su tab le gift.. 1\1r. G. dIst:ICt tra.ffic superintendent of the i\1 idland RaIlway occupIed the C?a lr. Pn or t? the presentat ion of certificat es and batlg;s b? Mrs: BI?SIer (lady supenntendent of the ;'Il" o I St. John's Gate .\urSll1g DIYISIOn), ::'Ilr. W. J. <:hurch Brasier (Brigade chief supe rintendent of the St.] ohn Ambulance congratulated the students on. the. success. Dr. i\Iuna) \I as next presented with a marble tImepIece, whI ch h.ad been subscnbed for by the mem bers in of the u seful he had rendered the corps. Dr. ;\Iurray bavlllg tbe contrIbutors, the conceIt, which also preceded the speec h-makll1g, wa s proceeded WIt? artistes included ::'IIi ss L. Budden, ;\1r. Alec Oy ston, "If. ,0u z!berte, 1\1r. J. L. Phillip s i\1r. J. Farrell, 1\Ir. J ames, :'Ilr. ': att)' \\ rlwn. and 1\1 r. F. Scott. The co ncert was arranged b!, a commIttee WIth ;\I r. E. Hornsby for it s hon sec 1\Ir. E. Stevens IS the h an sec. of the corps. f h I BRADFORD -On Sunday, sth S epte m ber, the 0 t e c formed of employees of the G rea t i'\ ort hern Company s Locomotive Departm en t, presented Dr. , lret WIth? inkstand. bearino- a su itable ll1S Cn pllon, as a m lrk of apprecIatIon of hIS services as le ct uter. Dr. \,iret repl ied in appropriate terms. ,\1 r. Impey presided, and was suppor!.ed by ::'Il r. George Chippendale (lo c:t l h o n. secretary), [\[r. \Valt er hrth (han. secretary pohce classes), and ::'Ilr. William Kelly.

AID. 123

TWEE D:\10UTH. -On Sunday, 20th inst., two competitions took place in the general waiting- room In the first competition for teams. :::\ 0.2 stretcher tlrill, three teams entered, and after a very keen contest the four medals I ere awarded to No. [ team, cumposed of J. C. Renton, mll1e ra l clerk; J. Elliot, signalman; J. :'Il akins, shunter; and G. Hall, goods guard. In the second competition for individual work tweh'e competed, the sill'er meda was awarded to G. Hall, goods guard; T. Sanderson, goods porter. being second; and J. Elliot, signalman, third, thIS contest \\' as also yery close, great difficulty being experienced in placing the men. At the conclusion Dr. W. B. :'IIa cka y, ;'1. B., expressed his pleasure at being present, and congratulated the men on the great interest they were taking in ambulance work, as shown by their high state of efficiency. Since ambulance work was taken up here und er the S t. J ohn Ambulance Association, in i\Iar ch last, fifteen ca ses have been treated by the members. A melancholy accident occurred here a bout II. +5 p.m. on the 8th instant, J ohn Elli ott, a K. E. R. policeman. came from Berwick in the guard's "an of a North British Goods train, when entering the In dependent he attempted to leave the train when in motion, it is supposed that when on the step of the van, the door which opens inward had closed thus securing his coat, he was dragged sQme distance and se\'erely crushed between the steps of the \'an and the platform wall, and engine and brake-van following up the same road a few minutes after passed over him. severing the head from the body Se"eral ambulance men on hearing of the accident ,ye"e quickly on the suot, but their services were of no avail , the do ctor said that the man was dead before the engine decapitated him.

ROCHDALE-FIRST OFFICIAL I:-:sPECTIOX .-On Saturday. 12th Sept. the first official in spection of the Rochdale Ambulance Corps took place in the Band Room in the Town Hall. Though the corps has only been in existence about three years. it al re ady in some respects surpasses many others which bave a much longer record, being in a position to render in "aluable sen'ice in the tOI\"n and district. The success whic h has been achie"ed is in no small degree due to the exertions of ::'II r. \\,illi am Inah am the superintendent, through lI hose initiati"e the corps was Dr. Sellers as chief surgeon and '\1r. C. Buck (ChiefConstable) as chief superint end en" have a!so. taken gre1.t in the work. and contr ibuted largely to the grallfYll1g r.esults i\1r.

"T. ]. Miller is the energetic secretary. _-\t the ll1Spectlon, ,ras conducted by ::'IIaj or Trim ble, of Preston, Deputy-CommISSIOner of the N orthern District, the aentlemen mentioned abol'e were present and abo u t +0 men and a dozen ladies. the former including Officers Ho\\ arth and Rees and Inspector of Stores Heginbotham, and the latter :'Iliss Townsend an;) \Iiss K. Kershall', who act as officers. After the lllspection ::'IIajor Tri mble presented medallions and. certificates to t?ose members of the corps entitled to Lhem the ladles med.allzons, having already been awarded nurslllg and first:ald certIficates Trimble said it had been a yerr great llldeed to hIm to come there that afternoon to inspect the nursll1g SIsters and the members of the Rochdale Corps. He would like to i:npr.e ss tbem the necessity of persevering in the work of whIch they. had already set up in Rochdale. They knew that ll1 case of a natIOnal emero-ency in Eno-land so far as the' olunteerforce was concerned there was organised ambulance corps, and it would be for such corps as theirs to fill up the gap ::\ one of them wanted war, they be prepared for th e emergency. They co.uld not org.al1lse ll1 fi"e m mutes. There was another matter he should lIke to me ntIon. <l:nd that lia s the effi c ient manner they worked their amb u lance orgal1lSation In Rochdal.e. He was told by Dr. Sell ers that they had 30 ambulance boxes J?laced In conven ient situ at ons all oye r R ochdale. where they were at a moment's n otice in case of injury. Besides these they had statIOns where litters were kept He was th:tt they had collected some £200, which, in stead of spendlllg on ul1lform, they .h.1d expended in ambu lance material, which had been place? at the of the public. The Ins pecting Officer conc. luded by expressmg hIs. pleasure at what he had seen. ::'IIr. Bucks, III proposll1g a yote of thanks to Dr. Trim ble expressed th e hope that when that gentleman .came next year to them they would be in a state effiCIency than they were in that day, and if possible fully With ul1l forms It lono- been his desire t o se e the corps lD unIfor m. They had in Rochdal e, but still they were one of the desernng of the charities, and he thought they ought t? be patroI1lsed by public. They gave their services for the pu blIc good, a.nd the publIc ouo-ht to look after them, and put them in a state of equal to of any other corps in Lancashire. Dr. Sellers seconded, and i\ [r. In g ham, in s upp orting, said they were not an but one which went in for work more than many others m Lancashire which h:td been established some ten years. T hey had only been established three years. The year t?ey commenced to the various football matches in the wll1ter tIme and also the d They had durino- the wi nter season from a dozen to tlle.nt} e"ery Saturda y ar'ternoon. on the football and theIr sen',Ices were n. ry well recognis ed TheIr general.practlce li as the :t\'erao-e about +0 men. The men receIved or II at e) did' sen ices were vol untary, and they paId theIr motion was passed with. exclamation, and Maj or Tnmb e anngreplied. the proceedings term111ated.

I MPORTA N T NOTIC E.

We beg to give notice that this Journal w i ll in future be published on the 1st of the mo.nth. I n order to meet the requirentents of the trade , It must be actuaUy published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest.

TO ADVERTIS E R S.

As no paper at the present day can exist v.rithout Advertisements, we begto draw the attention of Advertisers to this J ourn a l. It has been in exis en ce for 2 8 months, nas a steadily increasing circul a tion, a nd is the only Jourr,al ef its kind circulating fi r staiders in all parts of the WOrld, and 1S rea d by thousands every month. These artl facts worth knowing and digesting.

TERlVIS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months , IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Pu blish ers.

TELEGRArHIc ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID

OCTOBER I, 1896.

IT is difficult to oyer-estimate the THE WORTH importance of haying certificated in OF THE ambulance work, large number s of men

Al\IBULAXCE who are in the employ of companies BADGE. concerned in the conveyance of the pu blic, or who are in the course of their duty obliged to look after the safety of the pu blie in our streets Although ideas and opinions of this kind ha\'e not yet penetrated the minds of our legi slators, elected or h eredi tary , and taken sh ape in the form of compulsory legi slation, we haye eyery reason to belieye that they are taking root among st the general public, and will in course of time gro\\' and bear fruit in due season.

,\Ve should like to see thi s little plant flouri sh with great yigour and rapidity, for we already perc e iY e its brancb es spread ing out in certain directions which augur well for its f utur e·existen ce In one of th ese directi o n s, that of th e railway companies, we are plea sed to that great progress has been made thi s la st year or two. One company, south of the Thames , ha s lately had a large number of its employes taught and rendered efficient in first aid, and the companies north of the Thame s haye increa sed their number s so that we may expect in good time to see properly equipped ambulance wagons on their lin es To the se directors and officials \vho have taken so much intere st in the work \ye feel \'e ry grateful, and sincerely hop e that they wIll go on with their beneficent labour s An other branch of the little ambulance plant has reached the London County Council , and is th e re blossoming and bringing forth fruit. It is pleasant for Londoners to know that some of the offici,.ls who watch o\'er th em when taking th eir pleasure are qualified to r ende r first aid, for accidents will happen in spite of all precautions.

There is one important fact that ought n t to be lo s t sight of by who are responsible both for ambulance teaching and for the m e n who have to r en der first aid as itance \"h en required; and that is, the liability of those holding certificates to forget what they were originally t aught, ,Ve do not wish to blind ourseh'es to the fact, nay, we desire to remind others of it, that first aiders may make in whiGh on enquiry

AID. [October, 18S6 . will be found to be due to forgetfulness or Some instances are on record. The fact of a man ha nng a certificate is no guarantee that he will always. have at command the amount of knowledge he receIved on acquiring it, especially if it has not been called into for some years. Those dire ctors who have had a certalll number of men in st ructed in first aid principles in order to depend upon their service.s in cas.es ?f emerB'ency are morally re sponsible for theIr contmull1g effiCIency, and should take care that they are not allowed to forget what they have been taught. can be by drill, constant instruction and penodical examlllatlOns. VVe maintain that every ivearer of a . badge who. is for duty and .is placed m responsIble should undergo penodical m st.ructlOn and exa:11lnatlOn, and that it is the duty of the dIrector s and offiCIals to see that this is properly carried out. ,Ve should be extremely sor ry to know that any se rious c.ase suffered through any wrong treatment carelessly carned out and produced by oyer-confidence. The possess ion of a badge should mean that the holder ha s perio:iical in struction and is always competent (so long as he wear s it) to render first aid assistance.

,\Ve trust that these fe,Y rennrks will bemetbyrailway companies and others with same sp Irit in which they are made, that is, for the llnprOyement and benefit of ambulance work generally.

jilotrs

By" TOURKIQUET."

THE Br omley Di\'ision, Thletropol.it?-n Corps, i s and we wish it all su ccess Before t.he DI\ lslon had been 111 workmg order two months the members received the praise of the hospit :d authorities and the police for the smartness .of thei r work. :,\1 r. 'Webster Lucke is a verr energetic superintendent

* THE Shropshire CDnstabulary apparent.l)' knDw all about first aid. Out of r63 of all ranks, 15+ haye first aid nnd o ut of the remaining 9, 8 are recruits. I congratulate the chief constable on these sple:ldid fig,lres.

* **

\YHAT i s the ambulance corps doing at ;\Jargate ? I hear that at a case of a lady who was suddenly seized with 0'1 the Promenade, the Ii tter or a m bu\ance was I:Ot forthcom1l1g, although a n,lessenger was despatched. ought to be gll'en as to t.le reason why the proper first a d .assls.tance was not or the ambulance corps will drop in the estlmatlOn of the public. I s1l1cerely h ope th:lt a good excuse may be put forward.

* * * A \\-ORTH\' Officer in the" land of pencils," Mr. Jo s. J. Wardle, of Keswick, not seeing" TO clrniqu et's 11 Notes in the last is sue perha ps his lead penci1.s werc finished. In order tha t t!le readers rn Ight not ose their favourite Notes, he h ad great pleasure 111 sendll1g a few branded, so that the P. D. might not be tempted to take them.

B 1R ew <t bait..

\VE have rec e ived from the X. Chair Company a very handy littl e portable Cll1.ir which we have mu.ch. pleasure in hi o-h apprecmtlOn .of. The chall' \"hl ch IS st l':"ong ly made only light in weight, will prDve of Immen.se value at temporary Ambulance StatlDns when Corps uudertake duty on the FDotball or Sports ground. For Camp and Reviews Dr Demonstrations we know of nothlllg to touc h it. Tt is far superior to the ola camp stool, and at the same time .occupies ess room in packing. The aJdress of the factory i s 27, Great Sutton Pllo r c c rco Street Clerkenwell Road, E.C., and the prop rietl)rs will be pleased to give' quotatiol1s for large quantities.

October, 1896.J F I llST -

lPortrait <SaIIcr\2.

RICHARD BURDETT SELLERS, lVI.R.C S., L.R.C.P., Edin

THE subject of our sketch this month is Dr. R. B. Sellers of Rochdale, a gentleman who is well known in that part of Lancashire a s being one of tho se ,,,ho ba\'e been fore\. most in promoting ambulance work and in the formation of the ambulance corp s in that town.

He was born in the house he now resides at in the month of April, r85-+, and ,,,as first educated at the Rochdale Grammar School, and afterwards spent four years at Rossall , and the excellent te<1chin<T he recei\'ed at thi s famou school enabled him to pass fourth in honour s at the Science and Arts examim.tion of the Apothecari es' Hall, London, in r 87 1. His medical studies were continued at Owen's College, Manchester, the ::\[an c hester ::\1edical School, and the Royal Infirman', being at the same time apprenticed to lli s'father the late Dr. 'V. B. Sellers. He took hi s qualifications i'n 1878, and in 1880 became a partner with hi father until hi s death in r8 86, and whom he succeeded. He was appointed Honorary Surgeon to the Rochdale Infirmary in 18 82 and in 1896 became Senior Surgeon. Dr. Sellers' connection with ambulance work date s from 188:; when along with other medical men he lectured to the Police , and in the next year he promoted the formation of the Rochdale Centre, being favoured by the presence of Surgeon-::\1ajor Hutton. The Ambulance Corp s was formed in 1893 by Dr. Sellers, Mr. ,V, Ingham, 1\1r. Buck, and others, and in 189 -+ Dr. Sellers accepted the post of Chief Surgeon Tbe Order of the HospItal of St. John of Jerusalem acknowled<Ted the great sen ices rendered to the cause by electing Honorary in August, 1890 He also hold s the appointments ot Lecturer and ExamlI1er to the St. John Ambulance Association.

To such a record as this, showing a connection ,,,ith ambulance work existing for ele\'en years, little requires to be added for there are not many surgeons amongst th e hundreds who are interested in first aid work, who can boast of ha \'ing done so much in a good call ')e.

,\Ve belieye that the personal qualifications of Dr. Sellers ::lre such as to entitle him to the highest regard and respect from his fellow to:vnsmen, ar!-d t llat is in the hio hest esteem goes WIthout say1l1g. HIS ad\'lCe on relating to his particular pl:o\:ince. is eagerly so u<Tht for and much appreciated, and It IS OWll1g to the lab;urs put forth by men of h,is stamp the ambulance cause has so muchyl the pronnces.

vVe hope that hIS good gUldance may 10nB' be spared for the still <T reater furtherance of the work 1il wh ich he b takes S9 deep q11 Interest ,

<thinC5 e nl ethob 5 of r enb er ing jfirs t Bi b.

A LESSOI TO ST. JOHX A\1BGLANCE rCP[LS.

By CA:-iTLIE, M. B., F.R.C.S.

It fre9uently fell to. my .10t while residing in Hong K ong to treat snake bites. T o put It qUite correctly I should say I treated them after" first. a id." h.ad been rendered. Coolies almost always trayel bare fDOt and In di stricts where sna kes are most plentiful , bites of frequent occurrence. Hong K ong swarms With snakes, and during the m ont hs of June July, and August, more especially, they are seen in grea t n um bers. It is in the dusk that people are m ost frequently bitten' not that the snake is more vicious then, but it arises merely from fact that in the darkness they are le 3s readily seen, and therefore morc lik e ly to be trodden on. On seyeral occasions it has occurred that the foremost of the four coolies carrying me home in my chair, has sudden 1y stopped and called out in a tone which betokened half terror half pain; a peculiar cry di stress alld alarm. In a moment all' four be:lre rs set to work to render first aid to the injured foot. By means of the strip of cotton which coolies carry across their to the pressure of the chair pole, they apply tight bandages to the limb, one immediately aboye the irj ury, another below th e knee, a third above the knee, and yet a fourth just below the groin. They still further tighten these by using their bamboo carrying pole as a tourni• quet ;n fact, they apply first aid in the most approyed hshion, and so far the practice s to be cOlT_mended The sequence, however, is not so commendable, and may serve as a warning to pupils of the St. John Ambulance Association. Left to themseh'es, the coolies will allow the bandage::; to remain for hours, aye for days, before they are even slack ened. Here is the lesson I wish to impre ss, for not only have I seen the pnctice followed by ignorant coo lie s, but even by well trained ambulance pupils. The consequence of prolonged tight constriction of the entire circnmference of a limb is of course attended by serious r<:sult::, not only is all c ir clilation of yenous blood arrested, but the arteries are compressed as well. Of course the primary object of the tourniquet is to stay the circulation in the veins, with the object of checking the absorption .of tbe poison implanted by the serpent's fangs; but, when b)th 'e n OU3 and the arterial blood supply are arrested, the limb be:Dmes first blue, then swollen and painful, and will finally end by be C0 :11ing g-angrenous. first introduction to snake bite, and its conseiuenc=s, amongst the Chinese, Wls to treat a case of remarka':lle circular band, .of ulceration around the wrist, fo re-:nrll, and arm. FOllr comp'ete circles of skin, each tlYO inches wide, were remo\-ed from the limb, as if they had been carefully dissectei off by a knire and forceps; the deeper tissues were exposed, and the "hole looked infhm ed ani angrr. I could not e\ en hazard a suggestion of the came, and it was .only after a full explanation of the nature of the ac:::idem, and th= me l.l1S adopted to arrest further results were gil'en, th at I could und erstand the condition of the poor man's arm. He had been bitten by a snake on the hand , and he was in hospital for treatment of the consequences of first aid applied too vigorously and too ong by his Chinese friends.

As stated abo\'e this ban eful application of the c 1 urniquet is not confin ed to coolies. On one occasion, in Hong Kong, I "all' a life sa \'ed, but a limb lost, by a tDO \'igorous and prolonged use of the tDurniquet. The man was a 'olunteer (En glish) Fireman, and was injure.:! by a falling house; he sustained a compound complicated fra cture of the thigh. With great promptness a St. JO.hn ,-\mbulance pupil applied a tourniquet, stared the h:emorrhage, which was se\'ere, and thereby, no doubt, saved the m m's life. The intelligent Samaritan, h owe \'er , had to hand hi s patient o l'er to others, and when the hospital W IS reached, some two hours aftel'\\'ards, it was seen that the excessive pressure of the tourniquet hnd kept toO long: Th e .to be Ielrnt is a practical one. It IS well,nlgh ImpOSSible at the I11It 1::1 I applicatioll tD ju:lge the amount of requisite to primary h:emorrhao-e. The object is in the first 1l1stance to save life, and the blood has be a r rested at once and with decision. There is a danger t:nt th e bandage may become and hremorr?:Jge recur; but there also is the danger that the tourniquet may be too tlg?t a!ld danger to the lim b thereby ensue. Between these nyo extremes IS the state of cJmpression one ought to aim at of I?ractice will trai.n one to know the exa ct amount of tWiSt necessary to gl\'e to the tournl' quet; but the:'e is, fort un ate.I}:, a mu ch t:usting to one's dea of what is req,Ulslte, and It IS thiS, nam ely :-Examll1e the wound from time to time and ascert:J.in the condition of the limb. If recurs tighten a little,but, if the limb very blue and feel3 cDld slacken the bandao-e a little. The tOUl'l11quet should Just arrest the bleeding, not stop circulation in the imb It is there!ore when pressure has to be kept up some bOLlrs, only and undoll16'. by tiabtenil1O' and by slackenin a that the requIsite amount c.ln be attain"ed. I haye wandered awa}' from my snake-bitten coolie, and de tit with 1111tte rs which more nearly c ucerns our home. namely, but I will keep my Chines.e coolies in remembrance, and ho\\' 1 treated him on future occasion. If, however, the storr of

FIRST

his treatment can hr ing home t o ambulance pupiL the dang-er of allO\ying tourniquet to renuin toO tight for an indefinite period, it has sen'ed a useful purpose. There is a period \\hen it beho\'cs ambubnce \\' orkers to "second aid." and in no hranch of the work is this mO\'e called for th lIl in tbe abo\'e -m elHivned

1Toluntrcr Jtl£1)traI

LO:\"DO:\" CO.\IPA:\"[E

Han. Commandant: Surgeon-General lR GI'YER Hr''\:TER. ;'\I.D., i"::.c..\I.G 0.IL.

ORDERS BY THE SURG.-LrEl"T. COL. i\. T. :\"ORTO.\:, \'.D., F .R.C. '. OCTOBER, 96.

"Lo.\:oo:\ GAZETTE."-,The follolYinO" extraCt from the" London Gnetle" is puhli:ihed for information \'olunteer .\l edical 'aff Corps (L ondon Companies). Charles IJerJ:oen Gage-I3ro\\·n. Gen •. to be Surgeon-Lieuren3.nt, daled July, r gf, ..::urg-eon-Lieutenant c. H. Gage-Brown is posted for dmy to ,t Company.

PARAIlE3.--:-:::'aturday. 1cth.-The Corps will parade at Putney Station, 1.. &. S. ". Rallllay, at ++5 p.m., and march to Barnes for for'llation of Dressing Station. Dres3: Drill order, \YIth leggrngs, band to attend.

Saturday, OctOber 7th.- The Corps ,,·ill parade at \Yelling ton Barracks .at 4.+5 p.?l., for. Stretcher Drill and Company Drill. Dress Drrll order, WIth leggrngs, band to attend.

Sarurday, C?crober 2+th.-The Corps will parade at Baker Stree t Radll'ay StatIOn, at + 10 p.m., and by train (lea"ing Baker at +29 p.m.) Ha rro\\', returI1lng by route march to town.

R adway fare an? ratIons pronded Corps' expense. Dress: Dlill order, \\ Ith legg-Ings, band to atLend

DR1LLS.-Drilis \\ill take place as follo\\'s: :\" 0: Company: .\I onday, Head Quarters, Bloomsbury Rifle s, Chenles Street. ".C., .5.15 p.m. ::\ 0. 2 company, \\'edne sdays, }-lead Quarters, \8th .\Ilddle sex Rifles, Harrow Road. "-. -+ pm. Head Calthorpe Street, W.C. Alternate \Yednesdays, + 30 p.m. ); 0. 3 Company, _Tuesdays and Thursdays, S::.juare, E:C., }.30 p.m. ); 0. f Company, Tuesdays. Head Quarterf. 7_ p.m. Company,_ "edne sdays, Guildhall, E.C., 7.30 p.m. );.

B.-RecruIts drIll on "edn esdays at the Guildh,dl, and on Thursdays at Head Quuters, at 7 p.m.

All Drills are suspended until further notice.

LECTl"RES.-Lectures ,yill be given durinO" the wimer A special list will be issued ",.

SHIELP. _ The date proposed for the CompetItIon .IS 28th :'\ o;'ember, at Head Quarters Dress: Drill order, tunics to be worn and no frocks. :\"05. I, 2 and 3 Companies to parade at 6.3 0 p.m. sharp. :\"os. + and S Companies to parade at 7.30 p.m. sharp, _ FOR PRIZES. - Adjutant's Prize on Tue,day, roth at Head Quarters, 7.30 p.m. shc.rp, Stretcher Drill C? etall I\ .ords of C;omm.nnd). General sm:utness and turn-out ,,111 be taken llltO consIderatIon Dress: DI ill order

" Referring to .\ lessrs. & \Y eUcome's Prize E ssa)' on Imp ro\ements III ;\Iedl ca l Equlpments for FI'eld Se' ". fi d h' " f\'lCe It IS n otl e at the tID_le for sendmg them lIltO Head Quarters has been extended to 30th O\'em ber, 1896. are no\\' urged to obtain recruits for b)th '\led lcal and Lay Companies.

The senic:r :\".C. Officer of each Hospital is to obtain a list of names of e\\" Students "'ith a vie\\" to the' h Corps. Ir enro ment to e

,\LDERS.HOT.-Extrart fro.m the Report of the General Ald ershot DIl"IsIOn, on the \ 'olunteers, durino- their lIalt1111g, to 8th Augus-, 18 9 6 :- '" \ .\ I.S .C.-The .\Iedical Staff Corps \\"ho took the operatIOns on the 7th ,-\ugust did good ser\'ice.

A was told off to OLlt casualties, to enable the \. oluilleel s to pra ctIse first aId o the wounded and the fo rmIIlg of dressing s.tations Casualties were d;'essed for scalp and thigh \l"otlt1ds. The principal .\J edical .Ieports that the general turn out of all ranks at hi s smart and satisfactory, and the manner in \I hlch the dnlls w ere performed reflected credit on all conc erned. (By order),

He ad Quarters, Calthorpe St., Gray 's I nn R oad, \\'.C. September, 1896.

1Rail\"a\? at ffiarcb.

EXTRACT OF REPORT llY '\l R. S. R BEALES. Ho\'. SEC., .\ IARCH Drns10:\,. GREA.T EASTER:\' R HL\YAY t\.)lBL'LA:-;'CE CORPs.-About 20 persons \I'ere lllJured, more or less. Directly the accident happened I ran o\,er and unloc.ked the ambul : nce shed and cupbo:lI"d so that e\'eryth Il1g should he a 'a ria ble for Llse, also brough t wh:u I could on pla rform and on the first O"entleman. '\Ir. Lynn, did him up for sc.l1p \\ ound. Other ambulance men arrl\'ed qUlckh- on the scene and to work. injured persons out of train. ?s.c. Drs C. P o J. \\ aters and F. O'Connor were soon in attendance and f?llowlng ambulance men rendered \'alua b le assistance under the direclIons of these doctors : I\'. "-. Chapman. T. :\li llington, \Ii. R . .\I oore, \. Sharpe T. E. Co130,n, J. Halls. Henry Smitb, J. Sargison. 'Y. Th orn J H,ard.l F. CO I\·ard. F. Brundell C. Gifford, C. T urner: 1\ '.\\ hItner, \\. Pepper,]. Tay lo r.]. Ender sley, and R. Beales. Three sel:IOus cases were sent hy order of doctors to Peterborouah In firman' S:..rtton, R Bpa and Rignall. in charge of the follOlyin"'g: Thorn Sharpe, Coward, Gifford and Sarglson, \I Ith stIetcher and ones .\I oore "'as sent to see an injured home safe to C:t!T.bndge. Pepper and another rra\'elled \Yilh IIlJurei nn!-l to _-\ gentleman Smith of Cambridg-e WJ.S ta ken _to \\ ades Hotel an:l fr?m there on ,stretc her and lilter by Bell.eo and Halls, and sent to CambrIdge by 5.2::1 p.m. train in charO"e and a guard. and wired .Cambridge Secretary to haye help lea::!} and return stretcher, \dll ch \I'as done.

1Rew

'!Dcparturcs

in Bll1bulance llUlorR.

IT is rep.orted that the Sall'ation _..I"rmy is about to establish an ambulance ;:er\'lce to be employed in remol'in a drunkards from the street" and'detaining them in shelters until to their normal which has .iU5t been ilHented in Chicago, has .OUI "heels, and It takes tl\'O men to run It. The bed on which the to ?e carried is place.i, is suspended on springs the t\"\o nders. " Ith pneumatIc t)T.es and adj uSLed springs, an injured person can be conl'e):ed rap,ldly O\'er ordlnal:Y p:lI'ements \\"ith little jar or danger T?e weIght of the ambulance IS not great, and t\l'O riders c::tn propel It \\'Ith all ne cessa ry speed

P HILADELPHH.-A HOS PIT AL RAIL Y \Y AGO .-,-\ Ion o- ,felt wan has. been filled by the h )spi tal cars, the latest add ition to the rollIng stock of a raIlroad.. The car in size and general appearance externally resembles an ordJIlary baggage car It is di\'ided into three compa;tments-::t con.sulting"-ro:):n and 'I'ard. The an Iron table With glass top, sterilisers, a tank of sterIlIsed water, Instrnment case, and all necessary a ppurren:lllces for any emergency. In the \yard are six cots, so arranged as to be fastened to the \\'a ll \l'hen in use \Yhen occupied t h ey rest upon st.nionarr rubber _-\n aIr - bed and a hammock, so hung as to ob\'i:tte jarring of the patIent, are also features of the ward. Pro\'ision is made for di'Sinfe ct ing rooms with steam from ti.me to time. \Yh en the system is c?mplete It IS that .one car \\'Ill be pronded for e Yer), 20:) miles at rarlro::td, belllg sutLOned 1Il the centre of each section.-Lal/tet

IDri U

\ -OLC :\"T EER A \IB CL\ :\ CE SCHOOL OF I::\STRUCTfO ::\ :-'\[.AJOR ANDREH' .\I.-\ CLl.:RE, '. D., laLe L.S.R.\'. Ol!tcl's :-7, SL. Bellet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C. SYLLAJ3l:S of Courses of In str uction to be deli\eled at the h eadquarters o fthe London Rifle Brigade, 130, Bunhill ROil", Finsbury, E,C., commencll1g at 7.30 pm. on '\[ond::ty, October 5th, 1896, by permission of. Colonel H. C. Cholmondeley, commanding the London Rifl e Bngade.

.\I onday, October 5th, Introducto ry Le ct ure on the Skeleton loints '\[ on?ay, October 12th, the He:trt, Blood and CIrculatIon,; the pOSItion of Yiscer:t; Surge o n-:\Iajor \\T. Cu!l'er James, '\I.D., H ono u.rable ,-\rtlllery Company. ;'\Ionday, O ctober 19th, the L ungs ani ReSplratLOn. .\l ondar, October 26th, the treatment of t?e Apparently Dro\\n =d; Burns and Scalds; Surgeon-Captain G. G l'erguson, '\I.B L ondo n Scottish R.I'. The ad \'a n ced course for passed mem bers will c.o,:l1mence on the same date at 7.30 p.m., a n d be t!1e charge of Surgeon,Lieutenant E, i\!. Callender, M.D, C S. R.\: , Surgeon - LleuLenant E. \\ St. 'I T Ryan, L ondo n I r is h Rifle s; It WIll Include the ng s u bjects :-.\I ond.l.Y, OCLober 5th, the rules for USIng, and I"anetles of theJtoller Banda e; H ead Bandages. .\l onday, October 12th, Bandagesfor lI1gers, Hand and Arm M onday , October 19t h Bandages for Foot, Leg, and Thigh. i\I o nday, O ctober 26th, specml Bandages for Chest, ]a\\' and

October, 1896. J F!RST

0 1'1' l)a GC, By CHIRl'RGCS.

To the Readers of First ,I id. The 5ubject ?[ and i:s treatment is so important to ambulance pupIls that I me. tha.l a ittle further explanation both of the theory and ItS applicatIOn \\'otlld not be unappreciated by the readers of First ,-:I I. Of course it is knOl\ll what the circulatory system is, there is a moti\'e power-the hean, and a s eries of tubes, anelies capillaries, and through which a fluid, the blood, is forced. Bleedlt1g Illay take place trom each kind of "e sse I, hence we O"et the ?ifferen n.riet ies, arterial, and C:l pi 11al)' hx morr.hage. .-\ Ilhough In theory we ha\"e these three of ret 111 practice they gen.erally a 1.1 (\\'Ith the excepnon of b.leedi ng fro:n a burst "elll \\"h,lch IS purely yenous), and .Lhe bleeding acquires its dIStlIlCU\'e name trom the \";1rJety that predOIlllI1ates.

In order lhn th-e subje.:t nny be thoroughly grasp=d, I m'lst first gi\'e you a short descrJptlOn of the structure of the sEcondh' of the methods that nature lLes to hxmonh:lge, and lastly of the methods that we use to help n:tture III ber efforts

Firstly a brief d:!sc ription of the minute anatOmy of these

The wall of an artery is composed of three layers or'coats, an middle. and an COat. The coat is the toughest part of the "esse!, and IS made tip of areolar tIssue arranged as a fibrous mass, amo n gst whi ch :lI"e scattered a number of fibres of elastic tissue On the inner side o f this oat theoe ebstic fibres are 50 thickly placed as almost to form a co:tt of itself. The lIl/tldl. coat iscomposeJ of muscular fibres arranged trans\'ersely, al"o with a quantity of elastic tissue minO"led with it. The /J/ller coat is composed of e!lstic tissue and the \,hich forms the inner lining of the I" esse!.

:\" o \\" a few words as to the o"jects that these different coats sen'e. The coa the artery, and protects it from exceSSI\'e dIstenSIon by the lorce ot the heart's action The ebstic tissue which is so arundant. guards the arteries from the suddenl\' exerted Clused by the contraction ot the I"enuicle s _-\t each contracon the arteries re cei 'e more blood than can be discharO"ed throuO"h the ca pilbries, so th:lt the walls dila te, the ebstic tissue sfretches. the nlibre of the "esse is inc reased ,-\t the end of the contraction the tissue can tracts, and the I"e ssels squeeze their COl1ten tS alon a into the capillaries. ,he back\\"ard mOl"emenr bein u pre\'ented by closure of n!l'es gU:lrding the l" entricuJar Th ere is no loss of 'entrIcular force, the strength that is required to c.!ilate the elastic tissue is gi\'en blCk on the recoil of the arten', and is used to force the blood on wMds, this is hOI\' we get the continuous stream in the smaller arteries and capillaries. Ihi s elastic tissue (:lcted upon by the nen'ous system) also is able to in crease or diminish the size of ,'es-e!s to with any tempor3.ry increase or tion of the total quantity of b l ooi in the body.

The muscular coat regulates the quantity of blood receiyed by each part, adjusting it accordin a to the requirements: for instan ce stomach during digestion, ,1cti\'e exercise, brain timing sleeping and waking.

I L also adapts the calibre of the "essels to the quantity of blood which they contain, prO\'iding for a uniform ity of pressure and ai\'in a t one to the \'esse!. It conjunction " 'ith the elastic the artery i s cut-first limits and then :lrrests the escape of blood.

The structure of the yeins is sim ilar to that of the arteries, the chief difference being tbat the muscular coat is much thinner.

PbceJ at distances in the \'eins are 'al \'es, the object of which is La pre\'ent the backward fI 0 1\ of the blood. These Y3.I\:e5 are sem i-lunar, that is they ha\'e tl\'O Raps the free edge being turned towards the heart, as the blood flows a ong the \'ah'es lie close against the side of the \ 'es::el, h ut if put into action they close and stop the current of the blood. They are l1105t numerous in the leg.

It may be though t that the force of grayitation would be an obstruction to the blood returning in the limbs thro ugh the I"eins, but it must be remembered that the pressure exercised by the column of the blood in the arteries is sufficient to s upp ort a column l,f bloJd in the yeins ofthe S.lI11e height-these t\\"o columns mutually balance each other. The gre3.test pressure of course is at the lowest part, hence the liability to distension of the yeins of the leg- and fooL. The f0rce Lhat send- the blood down the :lrteries is in dri 'ing it through the capillaries where there is much more friction, and where most of it is lo st, the rem:linder being ll se d up in getting it back to the heart. The pressure of the blood in t h e jugular win is only about T\ of that in the carotid a nery.

A!D.

permanent.

The means are (firstly) temporary. and (:::econdly)

_\'Tll/re's .lrust oj H,rll1<J}'rha.t:t!.

______ T Permanent.

1. ., .\dl·,·:,illll ,111 l'llllli,;llt',1 nlltl l'tHltl-n(·ti\Hl. l1i part:'.

Hl tract ion of 'Contraction oi artery. cut ent1:5 <:111,l (In or arrl'l"\'.

1. :r h.e CO(lO"ulati.on or.c1olLing of the l: lood in anll a'round the :lnen' is a mOot !actor 111 the arrest of hXlllorrhage. Fortunatel\" for u.s our are not like g3.spipeS and pipes. in which "hene\ el there IS a leak or a break, steps must be taken to remed,' the or con Lents keep on escaping umil the suppl\" is exhat;oted. .us. \\'hene\'er a small artery is dilided, it ,\ill SlOp blecdlI:g 01 asell ;f Ie: 0\1 ing chiefly to this propertl" of cnag-ulation. It a.\"essel ot 01. the radial ?e dil·.ided, speakir g. the flol \ of blood" III III a short lime "Ilhout any Interference. The blood coagulates 111. and the al::er}:- gra?ually closing up the pel altel allon ot the COnSt1tuLlOn ot the blood consists 1:1 Its coagulaJ:>ilityas it flolls, its tendency being to form a ,lot as ::5 1l escapes Irom the yessel, unless the clot O"ets washed alya)' by the torce. exerte.d by the left yentricJe; hut this f;; curtailed. and the coagulation aS515ted by the second factOr.

_. Din.lillution in, the force of the he:lrt's action. This exerts a Influence, tor in the case of a large artery like the brachial belllg cut , as 'p:ltieIlL becomes faint and collapsed from the loss of blood, the heart s Impulse gradually \Ieakens and the jet of blood falls 10\I'er and unttl "hen faintness actually occurs the iorce of the J:>lood IS 0 weak that it almost stopS, and time is gi\'en for the format.l<Jn ot and deposit of a coagulum in and around the \'es::el. nen.l: in too a h:-rrry to reco,'er a patient In .thl'" condltJon and \\"alt for some betore YOU CTil'e stlmulants "hlch, as yOt> knOlL act by increasing the heart's ac'tion.'"

3· -:r: he cl?anges that take place in and around the yessel are the retractIon oj the within its sheath the contraction of the cut ends, anl the formatIon 01 a coagulum in its interior and around its exterior. _-\s soon :ts an artery is Cut :lcross, it immediately retracts within its sheath and the blood flolling oyer the roughenea s-uriace of the sheath tends to coagulate, and the clot thus flwmed is otJ(side the artery and extends beyond it and is called the <.I·lerllai ,·Od/ZII IIJil. It thus a-Imost looks like a continuation of the artery, ha\'ing in its centre:l channd through \\h l.ch the blood is flo\l"ing, but which slO\dy closes. This clot acts mechanIcally by blllcking up the end of the artery, by COI11-' pressing the :ntery w'ithin its sheath. .-

In addition to this we find that the ::trtery cOntr:lct5, that is, it:; c:dibre gradually gets smaller lIntil it goet:; completely closed and allo\\"ingo a small elongated clot to form inside the \'essel \\hich is called the cvt/gIlIIlJJl. This is pOil1led, its b:lse 1:eing- :ltrached to the m:lI"oin of the CIt end \\"ith its apex up the \'e ssel. It extends as far:1s the branch. it aCb as ?amper. breaking the force of lhe !::Jlood the dirided end. ThIS Itlternal coagulum is of great importance in the permanent closure of the yesse!.

Pe rmanent closure is effected by £\\0 processes, (1) adhesion in the ,e ssel 3. lid surrounding pans.and (2) continued cOI1Lrac:ion of the arter\,. I. '.1 a few hours after the injury lymph (a liquid plastic matenal \\hlch has the property of becoming organised into a fibrinous structure) is poured Out in around the cut \'essel, forming in a short tIme a large effused l11a:;5 \1 hich am,llgamatcs with the internal and external c10cs already formed. thus com,Plete!y an.:! l: locking up the \ 'eSSe! tr,)!l1 the outSide. the colounng- matter (t the d'lt in time becl)ming absorbed le(1ling the plastic m;terial [Q become (VJllra,li()J[.-.-\t the same time (15 these Ch:1ngc5 are taking- place. the artery goes on contracting, embmcing the enclosed so that they are apparently one piece. The ultimate change that OCl'urS s the transformation of the artery up to the nearest br:lnch into a dense fibro - cellular cord, \I"hi ch, of course, nerer beCllIllCs penious again, the plastic effusion in the artery bel'oming org:U1ised and and incorporat ed with the arterial lI'alls.

G. T. RAW:\"SLEY, Surgeon Captain, Adjutant.

TOY::\BEE I-IALL.- The Annual Conrersazione will ta ke place on October 3rd, at T oynbee IIall. Among-st the :J.rra nO"ement s are displays of practical Ambu1ance wo rk, exhibition of and Ambtllan ce appliances , R o ntgen R ays, Ph o nograph, &c , &c, 1::>

;,\l u sc ula I' pressme also hel ps the "enous circula tion, the I"eins become squeezed by the mu scular contraction, and the blood must be forced oIl\I':lrds, as it cannClL go hack on account of the closure of tht: \' eloc i ty of the circ u laLion. By ex perimenls tha t ha ye been performed it is e timated that the period of one minute will corer the lime in \Ihich the blood c an complete the entire circuit in man. A ll Lhe blood can pass through the heart in from 25 to 50 seconds.

OF

Ha\ ing hu s co n sidered the minute anatomy of the blood -y essels w e will now see ",hat steps N:tture tak es to sto p the flo\\" of b l oo d thr o ugh

I n the case of arteries lhat ha\'e been \\"ound ed by a puncture -a small slit-a clot forms betl\een the artery and its sheath by \\'hich the I"e ssel s cO:11pressed, and the tendency to the escape of blood lessened. n some \1 here \\'lHIl1d small it mar be closed permanently by the formatitl;l l)f a ;:C' r in c·,:ltS I\'ithout closing- the cayity, but usually the lymph is dfu:;cJ :lnJ tills IIp the ,'alibre 'lf the \\hich is pelmanenLiy blocked. It may be,'ome .1 SLltIll"lf :1nJ danger if the artery is not com'eIted into:l librLlus" ·d

Tn the case of \'ellLlUS ha>I11orrhag e the s::tI11e prlKe5s takes p:a;c a5 il1 arteries, 'I"ith the exception tha it is not quite so perfect.

ln capillary hxmorrh:tge the minute yes:sels contract. and the blood clots oyer the whole slIIface o f the wou nd , and beneath this clot a layer

of lymph is poured out which completes the permanent closure of the ycssels by becoming organised

FIRST .-\ID TREADIE:-JT OF ARREST!. G H .DIO RH.H-\GE. Having gone through the natural process of arresting h<:el11orrhage, we can nOli" thoroughly understand what our first aid treatment should be. \Ve must assist !\"ature in accomplishing the following objects :(I) By increasing the contraction and retraction of the arterial coats, and (2) by forming an artificial coagulum.

You have already learnt in your first aid lectures the methods to he adopted to attain these ends, and as I do not wish to teach you \\"h:1t you already kn ow, r will merely go O\'er the li st and draw attention as we go along to some points that ha\'e probably not be en noticed. and more especi.dly to the tourniquet, as to when and hoI\' it should be applied.

The m =t h ods then that are used are (I) R emo \'" of all hindrances to tbe return of the blood to the rigbt side of the heart, (2) P os ition of the patient, (3) :\pplication of cold, including the avcidance of mea ures which increase bleeding, C+) Styptics, and C.=;) P"essure, including D:gital Compression and the application of th e tourniquet.

It is to se e that all hindrances to the retu rn of the blood to the rig-ht side of the heart are removed, It does not much matter lI'bether it is a tig-bt garter, a tight :lleeve, tight colla:', or vest, any and e\'cry obstruction to the venous circulation must be removed, for the back ward pressure will necessarily tend to irlcre:1se the bxmorrhage. As reg-ards position, no doubt your attention has been dra\Yl1 to this, the of it again is to help the venous circulation.

The next po int, the application of cold-either as cold Water or exposure to the air, is of considerable importance, and I rather hncy that ambulance pupils do not pay quite sufficient attention to it. :\'ever be afraid of thoroughly examining any wound, do not cover it up until you know whether the bleeding is simply oozing from a brae cut surface whi ch may be se\'ere for a few miulltes, especially an inflamed surface, or wbether some hrge artery is divided, which of course you ",ill tell by seeing the stream spurting- o ut-a vessel the size of a straw-say the radial artery, " 'ill stop in a short time cy simply being exposed to the air, but our object is to s:J.\'e e\'en this lo ss of blood, so you would appl" in addition a little pressure over the bleeding vessel. An idea of tbe general public is immedia te ly to cover up a \\' ollDd with cloths a proceeding which naturally increases the bleeding because warmth encourages it. Of course you would n ot use warm water to arrest h::emorrhage f,or the same reason. The application of cold act; by help1l1g the contractIOn and retraction of the muscular coat.

Although warm .water in.creases bleeding, very hot water is, at times, used to SL0]1. partIcular k mds of b::emorrhage, but first-aiders 'will do well ro leav.:! It alone.

_ Another me.thod that .is s?metimes used .is the application of styptics. 1 hese, accordIng: to. theil' act eIther by astringing the vessels that IS, IncreasIng the contractIOn of the muscular coat or by destroying the vitality of the tissues and so coaO'ulatinO' the of th: tissues and sealing up the m<?uths of the "'vessel; I will just mentIon some of th.e best-th.e solutIon of the perchloride of iro n, a most. powerful astringent whIch can be soaked in strips of lint and appbeJ, or merely dabbed on it clots the blood directly; leaves-the under surface of the leaf or the whole leaf around into a powder is applied to the wound; turpentine applied by bbein a dabbed on wi.th a piece of. lint. There are but these ale the handy espeCIally turpentll1e, a strong solutIOn of carbolic acid I '20 may also be used. Useful also as an antiseptic

The next method employed, tbat of Pressure, is perhaps the most Important to ambulance pupils. It i s alw:1Ys a\'ailable, no matter where and \"h en tbe aCCldent occurs, and It follows therefore that you should tho;'ough.l y understa!ld whe:e! when and hew to apply it. It can be dl\'lded Into two kll1ds-dlgltal compression and pressure with the tourniquet.

There are one or two general rules about digital compression which you. ou.ght always to and which YOll will forgive me for remll1dll1g you. of. always wherever possible, use the last phalanx of the thumb In prefe.rence the fingers-for one you get .a betler .grasp of the 11mb WIth your fingers, and your thumb is stlongeJ and qUIte bIg enough to co\,er any artery, also you are not w to press the large. nen'ous trunks which causes pa in Secondly, ah\,a)s the fl.at portIOn of the phalanx and not the end. Thirdly , ah\ ays pI ess agall1sl a bone. :1>... amount of pressure is sufficient and do not !llore than IS reqUIred to stop the current of b lood Pressure of thIS kll1d helps the formation of the clot by diminishine- the force the current of the. blood th.rou&,h the \'essel at the in jured part. PressUl e . on the. \\'O lllld Itself aSSIsts 111 the formation of the cl o t by temporanly closlllg the mouth of the vessel.

(To be continued.)

AID. [October, 1896. 1RaiI\\nl\? JDeatl) 1Roll.

The nUl11cer of persons killed on t h e m ihy ays of the United Kingdom during 1895 \\' as 1,02-1-. Of tbese, 28.=; were trespassers, 96 su icides, 83 and 65 met wilh their death whilst p:tssing overmilways atle\'el cross in gs. Th e injured during the same period numbered +,021. I n consequence o f the accidents which bave occurred to engine-d r i\'ers and firemen tbrough the bursting of the gauge of engines, lhe Board of Trade ha\'e been in communication with the railway co mpanies as to the pro\'ision of metal or other protectors, intended to pre\'ent, as far as possible, the danger caused by flying fragments of glass and escapingsteam. of the companies ha\'e already bken sleps in this direction, and most of the others ha \'eagreed to adopt tbe safeguard suggested.

IPresentations.

Two interesting presentations took place rec.:!ntly in connection with theSt. John's Gate l\"ur5ing Division. '\[i ss Sch:1rlau, Oile of the Sisters, \\'as presented by the Staff and Scholars at bel' :;chool \\'i th a gold bracelet, in recognition of the \'ery \'aluable first aid she has rendered for some time past in connection with accidents th:1t h a \'e occurred in the school In the ot her case Denchfieid (net! ;\Jiss :-Ieek ) was presented by the Division with a hands ome clock suitably engraved as a wedding present. This latter presentation was made by Deputy Commissioner :\l ilnes Hey, a former Honorary Surgeon to the Di\·ision. The clock, which is a "ery h:ll1dsome one, was supplied by Luda:lte & Pbillips, St. John's Square, E.C.

\:E under5tand tbe :'l.nnual Competition in connection with the :'letropo!Jta.n Corps for the :\Iassey-jIainwaring Challenge Cup will t:1ke place at St. James's Schools, on Tuesday, :-\O\'ember 3rd, at 7 p.m. O:-J Saturday, September 26th, a competition took place at Handsworth for a hands ome Ch:111enge Cup, presented to the Di \'ision by Lee s. The judges \\'ere Brigade Chief Supt. IY. J. Church B/asler, Luke, Surgeon-Captain Xewton, and rr. ':';elson. A very spJI'Ited contest took place and the result was declared as follows :-lst, Bestand Lloyd's Division; 2nd, .\'ettlefo IJs; yd, Handwortb Woods Division; +th, Hampstead Road Di\'ision; 5th, Bristol Works Di\'ision; 6th, G. \V. R. Diyision; 7tb, \ Tolunteers DIVISIon.

TOY:O<BEE HALL.-C ourses of lectures on First Aid \\'ill commence o n October 15th by Dr. A Eddowes, for \Y omen, and for :\len by Dr. Dundas Grant, F. R.C.S., on October 22nd. Fee for complete course , two shdlll1gs. .-'l.pply to Sup erintendent W, E. W inny, Toynbee Hall, E

£100 FREE INSURANCE

AGAINST ACCIDENTS

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID 111 case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assurance Association, Ltd. Head Office :-:2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH London Office - 6+, 100RGATE STREET LONDON, E.C. T o whom notice of Claims under the foliowinO' ditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable LO bpas _ senger Trains in Great Britain & Ireland

"\ 0 29. VOL n. [EntC1'cd:zt

The present management are desirous of issuing the Journal to our readers on the da te named for publication

VlZ., the 27th of each preceding month to du this howe v e r, It will be absolutely necessary to go to pres punctually•. Will our various correspondents therefor: send on theIr copy not later than the 20th of each month leadin g medical m e n have intim a ted thei; w,l lllll g ness contribute articles of interest to firsta nd It is hop ed th':l.t the Circulation of the Jou r na l may be lar g ely incr eas a d, What w e wan t S more annu tl subscribers. Will Local Secretanes kllldly h e lp us in this m a nner. First-Riders unable .to ?btain the journ a l locally should f\.pply direct. SUbSC rIptIOn f orms m ay be obtained on application.

TRADE NOTICE

The Trade wi/I be supplied by Mr. F. BRETT, 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate H i lI. ,eauers of " First Aid". who are .desi rous of possessing the back num'lel s of th;:: Journal can obtall1 [hem ellher from their local newsagent or from ;\1r. Ii. Erell as abo\'e. The two volumes when bound form a handy volume of reference on many matters of interest connected with amhulance work.

:fi3rC\Jit ies.

I:\' Th e ('entm:v for October is an article on '" H.orse by the Hon. Dudley Lei<Th in wnte.r describes the ambulance at present 111 yogue lt1 .t\ ew York. ,\V e need hardiy remind most of gil-en have been publtshed 1:1 .thIS Journal some tIme sll1ce. 1\1r. Leigh laments the defiCIency of the" Hal' e Ambulance" (Ambulance '\Vagon lye prefer to call it) in this country and mentions methods by which an ambula n ce could be obtamed for London. He does not say anythin<T about what has already been done in this country bin the matter -we wonder whether he has eyer seen the St. Ambulan ce Brigade at work and thinks the London Cyount.\' ought to tep in and s upply the want. o w t ,hat the jOl1!'nal ctboye named has opened It, pdges to ot thi s subject it is to be hoped tllat somethlllg wIll come of it.

'[be lbonle $ecretar\? thnbulance on tbe 'U'Ulorli.

Wahle of

The lady students of the ambulance and nursing classes, conducted at Blackpool by Dr. Molloy, were very much in evidence on Tuesday afternoon, 9th September, when they received their first certifiClt e of proficiency, in the knowledg-e of rendering first aid to the injured, at the h'lnds of SIr ;\[ atthew \\'hite Ridley, Bart., :'1.P., in the Grand Theatre, and berore a large and fashionable audience The function had been promoted mainly tbrough the instl umentality of Chief Constable Del h,un-than whom none takes a greater interest in the noble w?rk of alleviating the distress and suffering of the injured-in order to public interest in the mo\'ement and to pro\'ide funds where\\"ISh to extend the operations of the cbsses during the coming months. It IS gratIfyll1g to report that in e\'ery respect the funcLion was a signal success, and that the public attention drawn upon the \\'ork will, it is enable the mo\'ement to become more popular and to take its place: III [he van of similar in the kingdom. The '\layor (Ald. Cardwell) presided, and in addition to the Home Secretary there were also Oil. the platform Aid, Bickersbffe, Councillors Fish, and H H Wainwright, D.r, ;\Iolloy (Black pool). Dr. Trimhle (Bamber Bridge honorary aSSOCiate of the Order of St. John), and Chief Constable Derh:1m (honorary sen'ing brother of the Order of St. John); while the la?ic3 of the classes, attired in their neat and appropriate uniforms O,(;c.upled the rear of the sl'lge. Dispensing with all preliminaries, Constable Derham askeJ Sir :\1auhew \Yhile Riuley to hand the certJlic:ltes to the ladies, 4+ in number, with each of wbom the right hon. gentleman shook hands.

Coun.cillor Fish. in proposinga Yote of thanks to therig-ht hon,gentleman saId they all knew be was a ,'ery busy man in the miust of tbe many attached to his high office, and it was very gratifying r hIm tJ be ther.e that afternoon encourag-in,;-them in their good work. [here were numerous instances where Sir ;\Iatthew \\'as on the side of mercy, and that day they saw him on the side of tbe ambulallce ladies or" ministering anRels," who \\'ereeverready to render firsl aid who met with accident or were otherwise afflicted. (Hear, hear.) It was said that "the rain falls on the just and unjust," and in lik e manner sorrow, accident, and trouble came to tbe indivi::lual, and it was yery pleasltlg to remember that there were ladies cc nne cted with theSt John Ambulance Association in Blackpool "'ith kind hearts and cheerfu countenances who were ever ready to ren ler assistance to those who might be afflicted (L Aud applause.)

£1

0D

ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tae above Insurance Company to the Legal representa tives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 2 .j hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the 0W11er of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly sianed his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and bell1g of the essence of the contract.

S ignature Address

Thi s Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this or any other Accident Company

It is s ubje ct to the ordinary cond iti ons of the Association's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, 1st October, 1896, until mid nigh t , 1st November, 1896. Priuted

Tile of the :qth {;It. refers to tIle aboye a rti cle 111 J.11 and some particulrlrs of ambulance earned out in some of the pro\'incial towns. SLlrlausly enougl:, though, the writer has kept comp le t e sIle.n ce on the subject of an amb ul ance sery ic e for London seems to u s crux of the whole matter: hether 7 he Lal/cd WIll. take up the sL:bject o r not, for It see ms to be one a.dI11l.r ab ly s uit ed to its pages, there CJ.I?- be no d.ou bt that It \nll not be l ong n ow before other WrIters beSIdes our eh'es express their opinions and thresh the whole matter o ut.

,V E obserye that Dr. Cal;tlie, a w ell-know n ambu lance and a l so cc,.ntribu ·or to these pages, 11a perfOI a m ost mentanous act by render in o' first aid of a pecul1ar kind to a Chinaman. Sun Yat will e\'er be to his old friend for the assis t ance so timely o'i,-en for there is cy.ery probability that the injury h e hJ.\'e suffered III case help had not b een forthcomil1<T wou ld h ave put him beyond the reach of any first aid reme dy

1\11'. T. C. Derham (Chief Constable) mo\'ed a hearty vote of thanks to Sir :'Iatthew for his kind assistance. (Loud arplause.) The compliment \\'as accorded in the heartiest manner, and in responding, the Home SecretalY he owed the audience his heartfelt thanks for the way in which they had acknowledged hissmall sen'ices, B e assured them that he wanted \ ery little incitement from tbe Chief Constable to come and gi\'e "hat encouragement he could to the am bulance mo\'ement th:1t had been descl iced and which had been started so successfully in B1ackpool and no\\' they had heard that those ladies were pI epa red to de\ote themsehes to the ,,'ork in the manner spoken of, he thought they would say it was a movement which ought to be of incalculable benefit, not only to Blackpool, but to the ladies themselves (Hear, hear.) He sometimes asked himself, seeing how St. John Ambulance Association had now been established all over the country, h ow strange it wa s that tbey never felt the want long ago. It was very few years sir.ce the movement was started, and it had grown with astounding success to tbe m:1gnitude to which they had attained. The aS30ciation numbered some 6,0:)0 officers throughout the L'nited Kingdom, and heir object WaS to be able to render first aid. They all came across accidents in the course of theIr daily life-even those who were n ot associated with larg e industrial undertakings-and the object of the St. J o hn Ambulance Association was to gi\'e a little knowledge - not pretending to Rive any more, but sufficient to pre\'ent it becoming a da.ngerous thing-to assist the sufferer until the :.tn'i\'al of a doctor. It was also one of their principles to teach amLulance drill, soas to properly conrey the unfortun:1te yictim o f an accident to a place where proper treatment could be had; and they had, finally, the question of sick nursing, and he was hopeful such an estimable work would be successful in B1ackpool, and that a substantial sum would be r ealised towards the classes by that co n cert. (H ear hea r.) Continuin g, Sir Matthew sa id they had very much to be grateful to the medical professiQI1 for. He ):Jearq, it sai d th\J,t doctors haej

been very jealous of the forma ion of those classes. He had had experience of the formation of classes in his home district, and he could say that had not been his experience. On the contrary, the members of the AssociaLion had had tbe gratuitous and active services of many medical men, who had taught the classes in many instan ces at great personal inconvenience. He himself had seen n ot hing of the rivalry and jealousy he had heard abo ut , and they owed medical gentlemen their warmest thanks. He was sure the local classes were fully indebted to Dr. Molloy for the serv ices be had kindly rendered in conducting them. (Applause). As a contradiction of the alleged jealousy of doctors, he believed that nothing gave more satisfaction to the medical profession than when their services were requisitioned they found that the ass;stance rendere d by those versed in first aid had alleviated the pain of the sufferer. (Hear, hear). It was impossible to exaggerate the importa nce of a little knowledge of that sort in la rge i nd ustri a I cen tres, on the r"il wa ys, or in factories where, un fortunately, both men and women were exposed to risk or accident. Then again, the extent to whi ch the principles of t he Association had been adopted in the police force was set forth in the fact that out of I,500 policemen in Lancashire, upwards of I,IOO had obtained their certificates (Applause). So that not only am ong the Blackpool force, but throughout Lancashire the yalue of the kn ow ledge was appreciated, and the men had taken pains and borne expense to acquire the knowledge for expense had to be incurred, and he hoped the burden in connection with the Blackpool classes would be relieved that day. In conclusio n, Sir Matthew said that it had been a great pleasure to him to give what little encourag-ement he cou ld by his presen ce and service. He thanked the recipients of the cer tifi cates, on behalf of the male students and the public of Blackpool, for the trouble they had taken in acq uiring a knowledge of a:nbulance work, which migh t prove of substant ial use to those among whom they dwelt. He hoped the ladies would not have frequent use of the knowledge, but when, unhappily, they should be bro ught into contact with accident they wonld find the labour not thrown away which they had expended in acquirin.g he knowledo-e-(hear, hear)-and tht it would be a lasting satIsfactIOn to them that they h ad been enabled to acquire the power to some extent of alleviating human suffering. He heartily the classes success, a nd success to the St. John Ambulance Association and it;; divisional brigade in Blackpool. (Applause.) Before sitting down, SIr Matthew proposed a vote of th anks to the mayor. This was second.ed by Alderman Bickerstaffe, carried, and briefly acknowledged. Dunng the afternoon an excellent programme of musical items was gone those contr buti ng being Vlis:; Alice AinswOI th, so prano; RIchards on, contralto; i\[t. I:dward VVyatt, tenor; and Mr. Stilnley Cookson, bass. All the artistes were warmly appl;uded, the duties o f accompanist were ably carried out by Mr. J. " Hardll1g.

1b re nlorrb age,

By CHIR URG US.

(Continued. ) is also another. kind ef pressure wh ich .is sometimes employed and IS very u sef ul, that IS forczble jle:r:/on. FleXIOn of the forearm on the arm with a pad in the elbow will stop or nearly stop the radial artery, useful In wound of the palm and so in the ham , useful in wounds of the foot.

\V e now come to the ast resourse we have tor the arrest of a se riou s fr o m a large artery, viz., tbe application of the Tourniquet. as you kn ow is a mechanical contrivance for maintaining pressure on an artery. It really screwing down a paJ on to a vessel, but we use the term for any kmd of contrivance that will keep up the pressure.

There are one or two points in connection with this that you ouo-ht to remember. Always take. care that your pad is placed exactly over..the artery, .and 1I1 Its place during fixing. I n pulling on the SpanIsh wI.ndlass you should always put the bandage on slack then put Y:lUr stick beneath the bandage, not in the knot, taking care that your pa.d not move away from the artery. It is also advisable to a thll1 pIece of wood or beneath your twist, and twist :UP rapl.dly to prevent the venous congestion which would bother you by lI1crea smg venous h ccmorr hage. The next question now comesshould It be used. To answer this I must just tell you when it IS n ot reqUIred From what I have seen of ambulance pupils in the many eXaml11atlons that I have held I am driven to the conclusion that they would immediately put a tourniquet for every sliaht .they see. It IS not required for any wound of the worst I11Jury you can get h.ere is wound o f the palmar arch, and thIS can be controlled for the tIme be111g by a well applied pad in the hand with flexion of the elbow. You may put pads on the radIal and ulna r arlenes, but that does n o t stop the whole of the blood that comes into the hand

You do not require a tourniquet for any wound in the forearm, For some reason such as glass in the wound, or a broken bone sticking !nto the artery you ca nnot apply pressure on to thy vessels;

AID. [Nove mb er , 1896.

it is certainly not required for cap llary b eeding If you ha ve a severe wound of the upper arm with the b l ood pumping out of the brachial artery, then you mu s apply a tourniquet VVith regard to the lower limb, the same rem :nks apply to the corresponding porti o ns. I was called once to a lady who had cut her hand (the ball of the thumb) by slipping d own on some glass. They sent for me, and in the meantime it was t reated by an Ambulance pupil in the hou se. He Ind tied a liga ure tightly round the wri st, and th e wou nd wa s still bleeding. H e co uld not understand it. I sa w at once that it wa s venous loo se ned the ligatu re, and the bleedl11g stopped. The application of cold either as water or exposure to th e air would have stopped thi3 in a few minutes.

The next point of imp o rtance s how long can the tourniquet be left with safety? You must remember that the tourniquet is a severe remed y and must only be applied in cases of urgent necessity. It prevents a ll the blood from entering or leaving the limb and therefore it is essential for you to know the l engt h of time it may rem:lin It acts hy the current of bl o::Jd at the wounded part, giving time for a firm clot to form. The limit o f time you w,)u ld be ju st ified in allowing it to remain is 2 hours, in all probability befure that time a doctor woul:I have seen the case and hwe done what s nece ssa ry, probab:y hav e tied the vessel.

If the tourniquet is removed in two or three h o urs the bleeding will be found to have stopped. A clot will have formed blocking up the vessel. A pad and bandage should be fixed carefully over the wound, taking care not to dioplace any clots, and to the patient perfectly quiet.

VENOLlS H ,£MORRHAGE

The process of "rrest h:cmorrhage in the veins is pra ct ically the same as in the arteries. There is the con traction of the mus cular coat, an:l the formation of a clot, the only difference b=ing the process is not quite so comp le te.

I have only to impre ss up on you the absolute necess ity-of seeing that anything likely to hinder the return of the yen ous b lood is removed, such as garters. tight clothing an 1 also pay attention to position of the patient. Al so remem be r tha t if a large vein is divided you will·very likely have from both ends.

C:tpilla ry bleeding, if likely to become serious, as it may be when occurring on an inflamed s urfa ce, requi res. of course pressure on the wou nd It is pretty free for a few moments, as you may have seen 111 persons WIth cuts abo ut the hand, but soon lessens if left alone exposed tll the air, and also is encouraged by being covered up with o.ut the ",f pres s ure.. Do mistake a brisk capillary bleedmg for a senous arterial bleedmg as m the case of the woman with the cut hand that I have mentioned.

I hope that in my attempt to explain to you the natur a l process o f the arrest of h re mo rrnage you will not gather the impression that you have t? leave the b.leeding alone and it to stop of itself, your first aId treatment IS to stop the bleedmg, and not :tllow the pati ent to suffer the loss of blood.

<torr esponb enc e.

To THE EDITOR OF "FIRST AID."

SIR,-I was pleas ed to see the two le sso ns to first aiders in the O ctob er copy of" FrR ST AID" just to hand, which I n ote o n pages 125 and I27, asI find them of more value and interesting than I do the reports of first ai:l, drills and co mpetitions. It's not that I don't care to see the reports of good work done, but lik e to have a few le ssons as well. Trusting, Sir, you will be able to give us more lessons to add to the value of the badge.-Yours truly, Mostyn Hall Gardens, Mo styn, North ·Wales J. BARNARD October 2Ist, I896.

To THE EDITOR OF "FmsT AID."

SIR -It is with great and satisfaction that I have carefully read the article on H re moJrhag e contributed by Chirurgus. To all those members at Brigade (whether officer, or rank and file), who take a lively interest in the work they have set themselves to do, such an article must be ve ry acceptable, and perhaps more so in the case) f sma ll provincial corps or di visions, than in the C1.se of the Metropoli tan and other large corp3 where the H o n. Surgeons give in s tructive lectures ev e ry month The Han Surgeon of this division has not given it one single le ::: ture since hi s appointment years ag-o. To members of this div is ion and others similarly s ituated, it would be a decided boon ifthe wri ter of the article, or some of our other friend s, would kindly follow up by a series of such interesting articles on various subjects. There is any amount of scope. I was glad to no tice" to be continued." If you can find room forthis letter J shall feel obliged.-Yours faithfully C. HEATHCOTE, Ways Green, \iVin sford, October 22nd, 1896. Supt Winsford Division.

WILL the lady (from Kent) who had some correspondence with the Editor about her cbair kindly send her address, as her letter has beell mislaid. We hope next month her will attended to,

Nove mbe r, 189 6.J F I RStr

1borse :tl1nbulances.

WE quote t.he following from the Lancet. Although we do not necessanlyagree WIth al that our esteemed contel;,porary says regarding the an? staff for an ambulance stallon, we think there are many pomts of mterest to our reader s Doubtle ss other towns are as the Lallcet says, well provided, and we should like to h ear from readers as to the amhulancearrang-emel1ls provided in their locali ties :-

"In Century f?rthe present mont h their appearsa mo st I11terestl11g artIcle on the subject of Horse Ambulances The writer gives a of their o:igin at Belle Vue Ho s pital in New York and ?f 111 the UnIted Sta tes, and also mentions their use 111 VIenna and Pans. Unfortu nately, he hkes no note of any in thIS country, and, apparently assumIng that there are none b lames us for having so long an example us by far cities than 01!r OW? For the pu r po se of correctll1g the wrong impre ssion be well to refer very briefly to what has been done m thIS dIrectIon In some of the.most important English towns. Grant1111'; at we .are fa.r behmd Americ.ans in. this respect it may be urged 111 .mltlgatlOn that our ho sp Itals unlIke theIrs, are all ch a rities pure and SImple, and rarely have any surplus funds available for out SIde purposes. DespIte thIS dIsadvantage, h oweve r, it will be founJ that several have been dOl11g good work in this direction for years. The honour of being the first .in country to adept thi s syste m belongs to the Northern HospIt a l, LIverp oo l, which, thirteen years ago, IJur ch Jse d hor se ambulance and has had it in daily u se ever s1l1ce Dnnng 1895 It was called out on no less than 95+ occasions. Th,s IS an enormous number when we remem ber that the hospital has only 155 beds. horse is hired, but the driver is pe rmanently employed by the ho sp Ital. The. Royal Souther? and tbe Bootie Hospital possess horse ambulances, whIch are worked m much the same manner as the original o.ne. In Birmingham the only one is at the General HospItal, and thIS appears to be used chiefly to take patients to the nd not to be always in readiness for emerge ncIe s. Ther e IS a Similar arrangement at the I\'orth Staffordshire Infirmary In SheffielJ ancl Bradford there is an excellent service by the fire brigades, but having n o connection with the bos1?Itals t?e do not carry a surgeon Possibly the best eqUIpped 111. England IS the Leeds Infirmary, which in I887 was pre sented WIth tw o horse ambulances-one carry ing two and the other tour the workmg-men of the tOWI.. Each is, of course, prov.,ded the splint-locker, bandages, dressings, and bel11g carned 111 a bag. The management i s equally satisfactory. fhe ambulance: are kept about lOa yards away, at the headquarters of the fire bngade, who supply men and horses' one rin 0on the electric be ll summo ns the smaller, two the larger. The bet,,:een the receipt of t.he alarm and the despatch of the van WIth surgeon IS from one to two mm utes. The dresser of the week aoes during the day and the house s urgeon of the wee k during the night. In the year I 895 +90 cal ls were answered. So prompt are the firemen that there is generally a r ace between the dresser and th e ambulance as to shall be ready first. It is certainly desirable that all work thIS Ikmd sho uld be done from a h ospital, as the requisite surgical a Id can there be provided at any time to accompany the ambulance. The above does n ot profess to be a complete list of ambulance-usina hosP.itals. If inquirie s werem.ade doubtless many other examples would be dIscovered and proba bly wIll reveal themselves now that the subject has been broached. Enough, towe\'er, has probably been said to show that we are not so utt e rly ignorant or neglectful as the writer referred to se em s to think.

T UN.BRIDG E WELLs.-O.n I3th October, his WorshIp the Mayor entertamed the Fire Bngade s, the members of the PolIce Force, and Ambulance and Salvage Corps, and a number of our veteran Volunteers and others to dinner at the Pump R oo m Tunbrid ae Wells. Mr. Alderman 'V. H. Delves, in submittina the Corps, said they all knew the admirable and efficient bmanner in which the members discharged their duties both in cases of accident and removal. The:y to feel grateful to. them for the time they gave up to learn theIr dUties, and for the way 111 which they always performed hem. He mentioned that he had the honour of being the first Chief Officer of the Tunbridge 'iV ells Corps, and referred to the friendly and most sincere interest in whi ch their Mayor who was Superintend ent and IIon. SecI:etary, in the work Maj.or Lutwyche was, h e believed, the mean:) of lI1troducl11g ambulance work 111tO the town and he must feel proud and gratified at the hold it had taken and the large number o f men and women who were members of the society. Chief Officer Lester, wbose name was coup ed with the toast, replied and also paid a tribute to ambulance work. The Corps sprung from the Ambulance Assocla.tlO.n, and ne was glad to say that many of the original members were stIll 111 the Corps. 0;1 behalf the Corps, he thanked the Mayor not only for h s hospitality that evening but for the interest he had always evinced in them

A i:D . 131

B $lew Spbere of 'Ulsefulness for Btnbulance 'Wlot'Ji ers .

GE Rl\IA:\TS are nothing if not thorouo-h ancl the latest of " \ b I ". h b ,species m u ancers 111 e country of Esmarch is what might be termed "sport" At a "chase" witnessed in Germany the bold h orsemen, ndl11g 111 theIr military fashion, charged the fences in a" death a nd glory boy's" style, that in spired the matured on-looker with a wholesome dread of their necks being broken But the Teuton is not unprepar ed at every fen ce was a picked body of the R ed Cross Corps who at the word ?f command swept up and carried off the fallen and It.was Indeed.a thrilling spectacle, but instead of watchinothe wmner, If any .o ne dId one spent one'stime in admiring the excellent tra!111ng and mdltary precision of the ambulance staff It was the m03t pa111ful and yet ludi crous sight I shoul d say that ever a course affo.rded. Th e horsemen fell in stacks, about twenty or thIrty 111 eJ.ch race, and only two getting O\'er the entlre"COtll se As at Waterloo, It nder and horse in one red burial blent except that were not buried by any manner of means most of them covered WIth glory and sticking plaster, returning to endless .tan kard.s of beer to the honour and glory of "der sport." I am afra Id Engltsh folk as a. rule rather affect a disparaging tone towards dIsplays of sport 111 general, and towards their horsemanship In partIcular. It would be a new sight on English racecour ses to see the. banner of St. John unfurled over an ambulance station and where traIned bearers clad in the uni form of the" Gate " stood to attention. The sportsman I expect would take it as a direct insult to their" seat" and do their best to bustle ambulancer ')ff.the ground. Again at a meet of the hounds, accordIng to German notions an ambulance staff is a necessity. I. expect the wily fox has a greater variety of cover in .England .than 111 German fields, and the course he holds s correspondI11gly;ranous. Consequently a mounted ambulance corps would be a necessIty. I am aware that a number of men are beina- trained at the " Gate" !n ambulance drill; perhaps we to emulate the Germans In calltng llPon them to parade, and do duty on occasions when. hurdles and fences cause to our sportsmen. The prettIest and most erfi clent ImprOVIsed ambulance work I ever saw was the occasion of Yeomanry manceuvres. During a charge and at some dIstance from the camp a horseman ,vas thr'Jwn and rather seriously Twas in the. leafy month of June, and as the trees were plentIful the surgeon obta111ed a few large and leafy branches, and t\vininothem together formed a bed on which the injured man was placed. A rope was passed :.hrough the thick ends of the branches and the borse yoked to the improvised stretcher. Away went the cavalcade at a yot, the leafy bed ser.l'ing as an am bulance wagon. Orer kn o ll and dItch wheelless veh Icle 'went th e give and spring of the affordIng a more grateful means of transport than the finest I, furley" wagon. I think our able and indefatigable editor would do well to offer prizes for the best essays on the means of Impro"isino- horse litters for the rapid conveyance of the injured. b]. C.

$lot es By "TOUR:\fIQUET."

So we are a bo ut to los e our only" Dental" for a time, I am sure that aIle and all will regret the cause and join with me in the hope that Albert Duke de Ludgatill ,,,ill return to u s thoroughly restored to health.

TALKIN G auout Albert reminds me that on the occasion of Prince George's wedding, the mOtto Mer his establishment wa s one of the happiest seen ail along the r outeAlbert & Son on Ludgate H ill reside, A welcome gi"e to .Alt--ert's S on and Bride.

B UT what will the little sanct um on Ludga te Hill be without Albert's gen ia I presence.

WILT. my readers and correspondents kindly note the address. All correspondence to be sent to the Editorat the l\le ssrs Goode, 88, Clerkenwell Road.

change of publishers,

BEARER COMPANY, CLYDE VOL lI 'TEER BRIGADE.--:-This recently formed company passed their first inspection on the 8th .IllSt. Cok,nel Wilson was in command, and put the men through the 0:d1l1ary coml?a ny drill, stretcher drill afterwards proceeding under L,eutenant The inspectina officer, Sir Donald Matheson, K.C.B., warmly ated both and men on the appearance and drill of the company.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

We bpg to g i.ve notice that this Journ a l will in future be publi s hed on the 1st of the mon t h. In order to m eet the r e quireUl p. nts of the t rade. it must be actually published by the 25th or 26 t h so w e must ask all our c orrespond e nts to send in th e ir contributions by the 22nd at the latest

TO ADVERTISERS

As no pa p er at the p r e s e nt d ay can e xist '\'<,;ithout Advertis eme nts, w- e beg to d r aw t h e attention o f Advertis e rs to th s J o urnal. It has b e en in e x is tence for 2 9 months , nas a s t e adily i n c r easi ng c irculation an d i s th e o ply Jour r, al cf its k in d circulatin g am o n g st fi rs ta d e rs in all p a r s o f t h e wo r ld. a n d is r e ad by housands every m o n t h These artl f a cts wor t h kn o wn g and di g e s tin g

TERMS OF

F OR 12 months, IS . 6d, post free, to be sent to the P u blishers

T ELEGRArH IC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIR S T AID

NO 1, 1896.

THE presence of the Home Secretary

THE Sir Matthew VVhite Ridley, at B l ackHOME SECRETARY pool, on the 29th September, and the FIRST AI'D distribution by him of the certificates to the lady students, marks the day as being one of special interest to all those who are enthusiastic in carrying on ambulance work. To the Chief Constable, Mr. J C. D erham, is due the credit of being ab le to obtain the services of such an important member of the Government, and of the grand work t hat has been done at that seaside resort.

The Chief Constab l e, in the rema rk s he made, ga\'e some very interesting particula rs of the first aid work perfo r med by t he pol i ce in Blackpoo l since the begin n ing of year---:-no fewer than I 18 cases being attended to dUr11:g the mne months, many of them being very serious, and 111 some, there is no doubt, life was saved This is a r ecord to which we, the citizens of London are unaccustomed, and it is a matter of great to us to perce ive that, whi le B lackpool, a town of small size as com p ared to L ondon, is ab l e to provide some kind of service its acciden t s, th is hu g-e Me t ropolis IS at present destIt u te of any such institut i on under official control , and l eaves i ts street accidents to the mercy of the police, who, as a body, are not instr u cted i n t h e princip les of first aid

Th e Home Secretary, in the course of h is speech n-:ade many remarks whic.h will have the effect of finally dtspellmg some erroneous wh ich are held concerning oyr work H e spoke of the of transport work, and of the connec.tlOn of the medica l prow i th ambu lance wor.k. He quickly destroyed t h e IlluslOn that doctors are Jealo u s of the formation of classes and of teaching genera ll y; he hImself had never seen It, and he averred t hat the doctors were the great fr iends of the movement. H e also mentione? that out <:>f r ,50? police in Lancash i re, I, had obtamed first aId cerltficates. How l ong will it be ?efore can boast of such a la rge percentage of Its polIce belllg lhus rendererl efficient or of a service capab le of g i vi ng t h e he lp tha t is so

Th e m ain fact, however, th at s t a.nds o ut wit h s u c h

p r o min e n ce, a n d wh ic h rea ll y makes a n epoc h in our hi st ory is th a t a Ca b inet .Mil11ster, and o n e of su c h infl u ence a n d p ower as Sir Matthew VVhite Ridley, has come forward and stood on a public p latform and advocated the clai m s offirst aid . This shows, pre-eminently t ha t th e movement is going ahe3d, and is commencing to obta in suc h a h o ld on the minds of public 111en that it wi ll in ti me become the question of t he hour, and tben we may confidently look forward to the day when amb ul ance services wi ll be es t ablished in and prov i ncia l towns, <:ll1d railway lines and al l large works wi ll be thorO! lgbiy e'luipped with a proper ambu lance p lan t , a n d w ill be up -to-date in a ll th2tt appertains to the work.

In most other matters London le;}ds the ,,·ay, but we must confess that in first aid work this great city at present bgs behind, and req uires a good deal of coaxing and p r ess ing to make any mo,·e whatever. May we venture to hope that this stigma ,yilt 'ere long be removed?

tl 1bint or two to jfir5t:=:Btbcrs.

BY H. PERCY POTTER, :\1.D" F.R.e.S.

"WITHOllT suggesting tha[ anYlhing "hich follows is new, we think that a remark may be made upon faClS which pupils should always have at " their fingers' ends."

How often do we find in real life, when the breathing is mechanically or physiologically stopped, that yarious methods of resuscitation are uoeJ before the clothing is unloosened. "A crowd of people surrounJs a livid epileptic in a London street, and recourse is had to rubbing the wrists, administration of brandy, &c. All the time the sufferer is perhaps gasping for breath. A certificated pupil comes upon the scene who knows the very first thing to do, I.e., remove all constrictions round the neck, chest and waist. Do not forget direct pressure on a bleeding wound, It is astonishing what a wonclerful effect gauze has in stopping bleeding; it has been said by an eminent surgeon, that no hxmorrhage is uncontrollable, so long as gauze is at band and rightly useu. Butter cloth is gooll [or this but better s till. is .one of tbe antiseptic dressings such as cyanide gauze, A long strIP IS employed and packed bit by bit, into tbe wound, or if a surface wound, this is covered with seyeral [olds of gauze The meshes of tbis material become soaked with blood by capillary attraction, coagulation is speedy and arrest ensues.

A man apparenlly dies suddenly in the street, a n;edalllOn holder is near at hand, feels the man's pulse which is faintly flickerIng, the clothes are loosened and an inclined pb:le is improvised at an angle of 45 degrees, thus the feeL are raised some 40 inches from the ground, the hean's action returns anu pallor disappear::,. \Vhen these alarming .occur, the necessity of raising the limbs and trunk In syncoplc attacks IS demonstrated and justified by lre salutary result.

The last point is in respect of "poisoned wounds," not such as we read of In our handbook, but those commonly constituling a poisoned finger, &c.-inflamed and p1.inful wounds on the surface of the body. Now as. a rule, are no:. poisoned at the time o[ tbe receipt of injury; they are nothll1g- more than scratches or slight excoriations which have been left untended. The skin ,,·hen wounded-perhaps not even to the extent that blood is shed-is capable of absorbing organisms of the air Of water; these u?dergo:ngu1Ultiplication in the blood, may poison the ?ystem or set up In the part, and this process takes place ma:y so-called pOisoned wounds Hence, every abrasion, however IJ1slgnIficant, must be cleansed and covered as soon as possible, use plenty of water wbich has been boiled, wash again and again and apply clean rag, cotton wool or gauze. Attention to deta'l is all important in rendering first aid, [or" Life every man holds deaL"

}pres entations.

:yrEMBERS of the SL John Ambulance Association h;]ve recently Mr. Ihml11on.d, :\r.R.G.S.,l:.ng L.R.C.P.Edin., ,vllh a lens [or I11S microscope 111 appreciation of his sen'ices as honorary lecturer.-On the 20th ins/.. Dr. A. J. I [elm Monlaaue of Worksop was wilh a lundsome case of table cutlery the follOWing :--" to A. J. IIelm i\lontague, i\l.D., by thf' l\Iembers o[ the Ladles Class or the St. John Ambulance Worksop, 1896," IIe 'l.lso received a cut-g- Iass cluret -jug mo u nted I n el ectro-p ate from the members of the men's class,

Novembe r, 1896 ]

{portrait (Baller\?

F fnST

HON SURGEON W. J. HUNTER, METROPOL TAN CORPS

T HE gent leman whose portrait appears in our gallery this month is well known to first-aiders resident 111 or conversant with the district in which is situated the his tor i c a I he a dquarters of the Order of St. John, and its various departments Dr. Hunter, who was born in Belfast, was educated first at the Royal Academical Iristitution in that city, subsequently proceeding to the Glasgow Uni,·ersity, where he graduated, finally coming up to St. B:trtholomew's Hospital in London.

L'pon l :- 1.ving St. Bartholomew's, Dr. Hunter to the late Dr. Barringer of Clerkenwell, to wIlose 11? subsequently succeeded. Haying now resided Jll tblS neighbourhood for twenty-fi\ e years he has made a hosl of and !s deseryedly among all classes. He IS a GuardIan of the POOl for the Holborn Un.ion and C;hair:nan of the Dispensary Committee, in whIch capaCIty hIS sernce ' are inyaluable.

Dr. Hunter's connection with ambulance ",York although only of comparati\-ely recent date, has that he thoroughly appreciates its aims and objects. He is a careful and painstaking lecturer and is on the examining staff of the r\ssociatiol1. He is Hono r ary Surgeon to the NO.2 (St. John's) Gate Di\'isiol1.

Dr. Hunter is an enthusiastic Freemason and has held many importan t offices in the craft, and' it may be of interest to Ollr Masonic readers to know that he was one of the of the" Crusaders' Lodge," which was consecrated 111 and held for many years at St. John's G"te. He is also HOllorary Surgeon to seyeral Foresters' Courts, Odd Fellows and other Societies . Like all his nation, Dr, Hunler is thoroughly warm hearted and is a most genial compallion, and m ore than o;le first-aider has spent many a pleasant hour in his company. "\Ve t r ust he may be spared for many years to take an interest m 0ur work.

jfirs t tli b in tbc <rolonics.

So,m practical results of the teaching- of first aid in the Colonies are cited in the annual report of the Glebe Branch, New South Wales instances being given of relief rendered in cases of accident, &c., by Mesdames J onsen and Bryan, a ud :\ lessrs. Butterworth and Paddle An instance also took place at \Ventwonh Park recently. at the finish of the road race heILl by the Glebe Bicycle Club, 1\S one o[ the riders was fini"hing, a boy eight years of age, named 'Villi3m Potter, was knocked do\\'n, the rider being also thl o\\'n. The lad \\"as fOlmu to be sel iOLlsly hurt, and :\[r. Cane, of the Glebe St. 1 Ohl1 lance Associa lion, discovered that the leg \\'as [raclured. lle i m a with his walk ing stick, allll the boy '\"as taken to the Children's Hospital, where the resident mtdical ofiicer plonounced the first aid rendered to been of great value, and complimented Mr. Cane Upon his actio n.

AI D. 133

B jfanlolls St. 30bll B111bulance }pupil, Sun Wat Sen.

By lA\1ES CA:\TLIE, :\1. B., F.R.C.S.

\:ill interesting to readers to know that Sun Yat Sen whose recent ImprIsonm=ntal the Chme5e createj so much stirthroug-hout the length and of BrItaIn, was a pupil of mine in the St. John Ambulance Classes [n Hong-Kong Sun earned a certificate but his fro:n alo;:.e preventing hisreceil'ing it. 'Sun has p}s::.ed hiS e,xammatlOns at volle;;e of ledicine for Chine:;e, Hongwould be a thlllg to do wert! the authorities at t,he Gate bestow a certificate upon one so wel! qualified to HIS 111 the class received theirs, although [hey \\el.e hls)unlors 111 thelf studies. The students of the college were all tra.lned 111 the stretcher drill of lh:! St. 10hn Ambulance Association and a h1.nd50me uniform of blue serge with yellow facing-5, half-' Wellll1gLOn boots a .knit.ted red silk scarf round the \\'a"ist. So effiCient were they Jl1 their drIll, that they were specially attached as the a nbulance department of the Hong-Kong Volunteer Artille.y. At all the parades and m:l11<Euvres of \To.lunteer Artillery these bearers marched Ollt! and were time after time 111 pected amI complimented by t?e General In of the troops in Hong-Kong. In the dispoSItion of the for defence of the Island, a well defined was by regulatIOn aSSigned to them in the e\ ent of the Island bell1g altacked

h

B 'UUlorb to JEJ:aminees.

BY H. PERCY POTTER, F.R.C,S. may be due to perturbation or ferhaps to ,irregularity of tbought 01 "a.nt of concentI:atlOn on the pupil s part dUring lecture, but such is the fact that canuldates for our certificates sometimes do the wronothing, at the wrong time, in the wrong place '" do not say that these instances are" exceptions which proye the would be severe, for a lar15e per cent. of our pupils, who ha ,'e dd attended the course deli ered by an experienced lecturer pass WIth credIt to themseh es and to the Association.

The papers are invariably better than the 7'll'a 7 0<"t!, and there are many p.oints which .con.tribute to this result. For example, more time IS permitted [or ::n'er the questions and answers; one is n o confronted face to face \\"Ith the examiner, which sometimes eno-enders nen ousness; and again the exa.miner may ask a question which bears upon some unusual or trivial accident or onset of disease and set ill order to elicit the exercise of common sense, rather than to 'treat soltly of those subjects included in the Syllabus.

But pro bably the chief reason ?f failure is that the pupil has not habituated himself to answer questIOns. :\lanya man know s what he wants to say, and moreo\·er the correct answer 1yithout beina able to give it, in the same ,:'ay that nJ<tny a scholar'is no of his knowledge. All. theref?re .should practice amollg tlwllseh fs the art of allswerlttg questlOJls. ThIS WIll accustom one to a detail of the 15i,'e to th.e examiner, and will often prel'ent that dl.sappoll1tment which sometImes follows the posting up of the Pass LISt.

jfirst 1Rccorb .

IIEADLEY, II.-\i'\TS,-On Friday night, October 16th, as a man named Frederick Burrows, a labollrer, was riding home with a neighbour, they drOl·e over a mound at a cross ron.d. The cart turned OI·er an d threw Burrows against a stone wall, causing injury to his face and right arm. i\lr. II. Bridger, member of the local class of the St.lohn Ambulance Association, at once called :\1r. E. Da\ id, also a member of the Farnham Centre. Being satisfied that lhere was no fraclure the latter washed the unfortunate man's f,lce, and, assisted by :\lr. Bridger, ultim:ltely strapped it up with pia ter and lint, and placed a bandage around the cheek, which was very much bl uise.:l. The man complained of p Lin in the arm, but, although n) fracture could be detected, it was treated as such, being placed in a sling. The man was able to walk home after haying his injuries dresse 1,

;\OI{THA:\IPTON CUHI':3. - Sel'eral cases of first aid ha\·e been reported, one of which deser\·e:i 51 eri t! mc>nt;on. :\[ Ihe recent football ma:ch between Xorthallll'lLlll allJ :"UIl<::<lWn, :III E, p, Atkins, captain of the latter, injured hi S thigb just befo'e the COllelliS on of t le game. lIe was promptly remo\·ed by the ambulance men 011 the headquarters of the NO! [hampton Club, wbere a donal· aLtdhled, under whose directions the first-aiders acteJ from a quarter to six until ten o'clock applying hot fomentations, and in other ways enuea\ ouring to obtain relief for the patient, whom they el'entually removed on a wheeled litter to h is t rain

FIRST AID. 18S6.

c:lrri:lge, The C1Se \\':ts a rer} serious one. bUl,it I\'as successfully CJn , ducted, On Thursday a patient from W:lS brouaht to ::\onhampton under the d;rection of f ranklm, On the,same dJT a p:ttient was remored from emden!; Road to the mfirmar). and, ca:'e \\as O'ati::fact,)rily conducted unJer the_ cupen:1tendence .ot Ch'ef Supenmendel1l Perry, The London .:\o:th-Y\ estern

\\':l.\, C orp" (Bri.Jg-e lreet Di\ ision) meta patient WIth a di-Iocated ankle. :lnd rend-:red first a!d 1t the s:allon. The squ .ld which recenth' \\'0n a competition at Rughy. aiterwards took r p:llient to the 'infirmary, A young- m1n who hId the misfortune to diSlocate his knee, 1\.15 attended to and succe5::,rully mO\'ed rhe r.uboert\Ted litter ro the intirmuy, " here he W1.S as an m'patlenL...\ p.ltiem suffering from an inju!'y to the 5]Jllle was remol'ed to his home in Great BIIl'ng- from the ll1firm,uy. by me:tns ? the pneum:tt:c -tyreJ wag-on, Superintendent R<:el'es was th= In churae of the a' o\'e cases, ,-\ case \US succe,sfull} I emo\ ed [J1 the c:,rr:a!!e from E1St treet to the inficmary, Sergeant Franklin beinz in 'c harge. ably assisted by Cyclist, =rgeam :'IIacknes5 and Cyclist Clarke, 'Yith reg-ard to the case from :'I[arket it sf]o{tld be re'11Hked tlnt the pneumnic-tyred ambulance carn:tge unusual interest: O\'er 20:) people g,lng to :ee It.

RLHlI;\G.-\Ye to learn tb1.t owing to upon his time

Superintendent B.=ale, been _compelled to hiS as Chief Officer ofthts DJ\ tSlOn, ',e are pleJsed to leJd1. ho\\e,er, that be will still continue to take an interest in its welfare.

"-[)I_FORTl. - The following report has been recei\'ed from the up.=rintendent of the \Yinsford di\,ision. Since our Lst Issue, the fol, lowirg cases h:l\'e been treated :-August a faJI of sa.lt. at the salt re'ulted in 1 nun named J. ,\stles bemg serIously 1l1Jured, bOlh tibia and fibula of rigbt leg were fractured, the f?rmer in thl,e= places, uperinrendent He.lthcote put up the leg and WIth the sl,stance of 2nd Officer Buckley. and members of the dlnsron con,'e\'ed him home t\\'o on the litter. wbere Dr. Leadbetter was waitin a and bestowed e\'err care and skill on the case. is n<;>'" walking abuut again, September 2nd, a man named Peter Eaton whtle in a fit \\'a, assisted by Pri\ ate Boden and cOll\'eyed home and placed under tbe doctor. September 3rd, a boy named Patrick Egan was thrown from a horse which fell on him, crushing- his left leg-, he was trea ted by Su perintendent H ea :hcote and Pri \ ate and cOll\'eyed borne to ::\ orth wich in a carriaO'e. On Sun ar e\'en1l1g-, September 6th, a young lady named Gertie during di"ine sen'ice in Christ Church. :'IIa cclesfield, Sup.=nntendent Heathcote who was c, bolda\ ina" there. and in the church, her round in t\yO

On September 2 I st, a man namee "-a Iter Dodd, h.ad finaer crushed, and on 1th.a baby n:tmed Thomas \\ adkm had its arm crU'obed. t-och recei\'ed first aid from Superimencent Heathcote. Pri\'ates :'ITull ock and Bratt treated a c;:Jse of bleeding from the lunas. and were successful in stopping it, but only for a time, Th e of the doctor who was sent for failed to sa \'e the man's life, eptember 21st, Superintendent Heathc ote had a case of laudanum poi<::oning, it was a tubborn case but he was successful and took the patient home and placed him under tbe care of Dr. Leak. He had recO\'ered perfectly by the nexte\,ening, Pri\'ate Denton has had a crushed finger to dea! with, Pri\'are Boden has had to take in hand a crusr.ed tbumb, a broken rib and four burning cases, This ic ,,"ork indeed for a small proyincial di\'ision, The cases dealt with during the year en3ing September 30th (as far as reported), are 52 in number and are as follows: 7 fractures. 13 wounds, + fits. 2 poisoning-. 6 internal 8 burns and scalds, 1 cut thro.lt. II sundries. The fraClures include compound and comminuted one;;, and wounds se \'ered arteries, The litter has heen in use on eight occasions, and se\'eral journeys to the \ 'ictoria r n firm;lrY at :\' h,1\'e been underraken, .:'Ibny 'ery serious cases are included in the aho\'e and lllany patients are truly thankful for Rratuitous sen'ices r endered,

"-OLYERTOi' A,,'D STO:-;'Y TRATFORD DIYISTO:-;'S.- The se Di,'i ions were incpected by the Deputy Commi£sioner, Dr. .:'Ililnes Hey, \\ho was accompanied by Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, on Saturday, eptember 30th. The men, wbo are all employed in tbe works of the L 6:. :\,,\\", Railway, mustered in the recreation ground attached to the works, under the command of their IIonorarySurgeon, Brig-ade Surgeon Lieut-Col. Bull, and were put through the stretcher drill. bandaRing, txc. The Xur sing Dilision was subsequently ill pected at the I n s titu te. The Deputy Commissioner bTJefly addres£ed roth Di\'i sions, ex pressing hi pleasure at the sa tisfactory progl ess which they had n:ade in so short a time-only about six months

FJ RST AIDERS were deeply grieyed to learn of the seriol s illness of the Surgeon -in-Chief, they \lill therefore be gh.d to know that Sir \Y illiam MacCormac's condition has gn'atly imprO\'ed during the past \leek, The trouble is now steadily strength s gradually reiurnmg, and sleep is ottained The J'atient is altogether on a fair \lay to reco\'ery.

$t. 30hn H111bulancc Hssociatiotl.

'YE understJnd that Brig-ade Cbief Superinten?ent Brasier. by 1st Offi"er Lines and Staff-Sergeant c ugg, "Ith a detachment of the .:\0,2 John's Gate Di\ision). i,; cO!lducung_an _\mbulance

Crus:l.de am()ng the Londun \Yorking .:'II en·s Clubs. \\ e are glad to rn this as the work will be brought home to the doors of the yerr CL1SS to \\'hom it will prol'e most useful. These Clubs are often the suhject of ad\'erse critici-m, but \\'e bcliel'e that as a rLl!e the management aremost sincere in their desire not to allow detnmental to the interests of their clubs. c\S a practical prool of their in the educational side of the question, the w;!:' they are rakIng up ambulance work is most gratifyin,,:; to all

THE followin CT clubs ha\'e ahead" been "Islteo :- Tottenham Club, the "hen Lady Superintendent Church Brasier and a detachment from the t, John's Gate .'\ur.;ing Di\'ision al50 attended and assisted in the di5pla\'. :tnd the Ho:-;tJn Club, ., I:-;, addition to tbe u:::tnl c!a-3e, at Kes\\'ick :tnJ !?ralthwaJte tbls we learn that Dr. Ru-self bas c:nsented to gll'e, a of lectures (junior couroe) to the mem'-,ers oj the Local I?oys Bng1.de.

CE:-;'TRE,-Dr. _--\, H, Jnne", who jur ten yelr:; has inddatig1ble in his po,ition as Local [Jon" has accepted the of Chairman ?f Cummittee, re::'lgnlllg hiS po:t as Hon. to his able Hon .--\sslstant. :'11 r. Tracey, who 1\ nh :'IlI. Johnson as IOder- secretaT\', will continue the work. Dr. Jones at the C)mmittee :\[ eel;ng expressed, gr.eJt regret that demand,; upon b;5 time precluded him from contlnUll1g: bLlt, expresseu hIS deep tnterest 111 the centre. which would all,'ays recen'e bls warmest support, CO LO:\'I.--\L.

,\:-;':-;'(-AL :\IEETI:-;' G OF THE GLEBE BR,\:'\CH, ::\EW SOGTH "'ALES CE:-;'TRE.- The annual meeting of the abOl'e Branl.h was held .:l.t the Town Hall, S,'dne\', whe:l Lady Hampden pre>ented of efficiency 'by the at ,th,e rec.enr examInation: was herself m:tde the reCIpient of a S1l1lllar dlplolll'l. : grauf} 1I1g fe:tture of the occasion, to the resident<; of this suburb, was the bct tbat the who le of the ladies of the Glebe Branch "ho presented themseh'es for examination \\eresuccessful, a bct \\hichmust be equally aratih'ina to and to the honorary lecturer, Dr. R, J. Boyd. The Chairman (Sir Frederick_ Darley) ann?unced that the tin:e whicb has elapsed since tbe :\e\\ ,outh ': ales centre ,was tormed_1I1 ,9. 3.++9 ha\'e receJ\ed Jt1 trtIClJon. of 1\ hom _.2 IO ?ad the examinations, \\- e that 'Ince the furmatlon of the Glebe Branch, a year ago, +I members h;\\'e presented .ror of \\'hom 3() were successful. hOth of those who faIled bell1g men, The numbers I;-ere-bdies.:q out of 2+, men IS of I,. 'YE learn thatan ,\:,hford Litter has been pU1chased malllly thr,ough the exertions of the lady members, It" ill be placed 111 a promInent part of the district. -

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS

\Yill be paid to the Representclti\'es of the purchaser of FIRSI' AID in case of death as pro\'ided below, by The SIckness and A ,CCld e nt Assurance Association, L l.d. IIead Office '-1+.: 10RK PLACE, London Office ::-6+, :'I[OOR GATE STREET, LO:SDoi', E.C. To whom notice of Chums under follo\l'lng conditions must be sent \\Trlil:\ THREE DAYS, Appll cab e [;0 Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ir eland.

NOTIOE TO OUR READERS.

The present management are desir o us of issuing the journal to our readers on the d a te named for publication viz., the 27th of each preceding month, to du this however, It will be absolutely ne cessa ry to go o pr ess punctually. Will our various correspondents therefore send on their copy not later than the 20th of each mon th S eve ral leading medical m e n have intimE't ed their willin g ness to con tribu te articles of interest to firstaiders, and it is hoped that the circulation of the journal may thereby be lar ge ly increased, What we i\ant however i s m o r e annu a l subscribers, Will Lo cal S ec r etar ies kindly help us in this m a nner, First-ilider3 unable to obtain th e journal locally should Rpply direct. Subscription forms may be obtained on application.

TRADE NOTICE ,

The Trade will be suppl ied by Mr. F. BRETT, 0, Pi lgrim Street, Ludgate H ill.

:\'E\1' readers of First ,"\id who are desirous of po;<sessing the back numbers of the journal can obtain {hem either from their local newsaaent or from :\Ir. F, 'Brdt as abo\'e, The two "olumes \"hen bound form a handy yolume of referen ,; e on many matter;; of interest connected \,ith ambulance work.

WE beg to inform our readers that \' o]umes 1. and 1 I. may nO\\' be had hJndsomely bound, These "'ould proye and appropriate Christmas ane ;\el\' Year's g ifts P rice ;s, _\n ead,' application should be made to the Publisher, \Y, J. GOODE, S , Clerk'enwell Road L ondon, E, C, :fJ3revittcs.

,ye ambulance people come in-that accident- will, be rife. ,\Ye therefore trongly ad\-i e all those who thmk of jm'eting in a motor car to go through a cour e of ambulance instruction they are bound Lo find it u seful to their friends, if not to themseh·es.

jfractures.

By CHIRGRG[;S,

[ALL RIGHTS RESERYED. =

To [he R' ,ldcrs of ,I First Aid,"

THE article on I, H::cmorrhaO'e" concluded in laot month's number bas interested and pleased so of you that your Editor has. kindly asked me to write a series of articles on subiects connected WIth first aid, and 1 can o-dy assure you that Ialadly coment, for it gi\'es me great pleasure to be allo\\'ed to contribute this J ou rn,a.l.

'Yhen writing to you r seem to be speakll1g to old tnends that I am sure that you will forgi\'e me if I, adopt a ::omewhat bmlLtar style of address, and point Ollt to you mIstakes that are Ltkely to be committed, and sbow you where wrong impression are likely to be formed, I take it for granted thal all my readers, or baye passed through a course of instruction, and that It IS not necessary for me to go ol'er old ground. As I pass alona.I shall upon points that seem to me to require and so get a little Out of the beaten track. \\ hllst readlllg thIS paper you mu:t imagine that I am speaking to you 'I ith a,ll the solemnity Jnd emphas.ls that am capable of. and althoug-h my ieatures ha\' e not appeared ll1 the Portrait Gallen'. still I am personallr well-kn lIn to many of and it will not be difficult for those to think th1.t rhey helr the famllrar I'oice ringing- in their e"rs,

£1

0D

ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tile above In surance Company to the Legal representa • tiyes of any person killed by a'1 accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordlllary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should de:tth result \\ithin 2:1 hours after such accident. that at the time of such accIden the pelson so killed or fatal! y I was 0\\1.1 er <;>f F l' AID for the current month, contalllJ11g thl,s Coup<;>n leg1?lx SIgned with his or her usual s ignature in ink or pencIl, both time ana signature being of the essence of the contract.

"\VE learn from what \i'e belie\-e a ,,-ell authenticated source that the day not far di tant ,yhen Liyerpool mar ha\'e it , OiYn )'Iunicipal Ambulance Sen'ice. The city on the ha for some years past had a Yengood Hospital Ambulance Sen ice in connection with it , t",o principal ho pital - the :x orthern and the but experience has taught the city authorities that thlS is not sufficient, and \\'e hear it i- propo ed to haye eight statio n situated in different paJ ts of the cit)-. Hmy much longer will London haye to ,,'ai ere it · goyerning bodies awake to the fact that an Ambulance Sen-ice j - nece san-? EYer), day the \ 'ar ious papers record erious acciderlt which ha\'e occurred in our treet , and in many ca es it i clearly proyed th at no ambulance carriage or litter ,,-a a\-ailab l e for the tran port of the unfortunate sufferers to the ho pi tal. "\V e suppo c we hall haye to \Yait until ome serious calamity occurs im-oh ing a large 10 's of life and injury o limb before the authori'ie awake to the fact that a pwperly organised ambulance sen' i ce s an absolu t e necessity.

THE qth of Nov e mher, 1896, will eyer be remembered in this country as th e day when a new method oflocomotion was ina ugurated. In the last fortnight th e autocar do not seem to haye gone up in the estimat i on of the pub lic t o the extent that one might haye expected and wha teyer the ma ch in e will b e l ike in th e future or e ven in a year's time that will "catch on" 110 one ca n tell but one thing is certain-and that is j LI s t the point wher e

The subiect that I hale selected for thiS occasIOn IS one aiders are 'supposed to be ,yell acquainted \\'ith, in th.ere IS a dIm su picion lurking in my mind that all am ulance pupils .thmk they deteCt a fracture "hene\'er and whereyer tbey may .;ee It, I mention an incident to illustrate this-I was called in to see an old lady who had receil'ed an injury to the hip some months before, and i.t ".a. a IIhether the had to the hlp,Jomt or not, tor she complall1ed of a g-ratertng \\ ben she :n0\:ed It. I examined the thigh, :l.nd could be there \la_ a bon.e broken. Jnd was explaining that It m1g-ht pOSSibly be a, rbeumatlc adhesion and not a fracture, and that she ought to be eX;:Jmll1ed .under an when a " 'JunO' !'nan came into the room, and £ald, "1 kn o " all about it, I ha \'e been tbrough an, a,m bub nee class:tt nchesteJ', and r know that afating" is a sio-n ot tracrure-my aunt has got her thiCTh broken and there's end of it.·' I did nOt e to argue {be "ith amateur. so retired and left the old lady In charg-e of, the "young man irom :'Ilanchester.·' 1 give instance to,ShOIl that:t httle supel ficial knOldedge often ll1;:Jkes a ,man thmk that ?e kn?" more than he really does. I hope that none 01 will be g,rlllty ot uch Fr<lCLUreS as a rule are easily recogl1lsed, espeCially \\ben, the occurs in the shaft of the bone, or when there .IS much def()rmiry. the difficulty comes in \\hen the bone IS broken near a JO,tnt or only one of the loni bones is broken the leg fOI·e,arm. \ all knolY the usual signs :-Pain, s\\'ellll1 a , los 01, pO\\'er. ,deformlt}, unusu,ll mobilin'. and crepitus. Of t,hese stgn", reter only to fracture- of limbs. ano partly to the ribs; 111 iractures of the skull sizns are different. I \\'ill go ol'er these symptoms, and note their imponal!ce, h 'd

Pain.- ThIS is a constant ann alt,houg- yarxmgm egle:, the patient can always ocal se the spot, and will 111,fOlm .If n ot in ensible, pretty quickly when yOll n:ol'e the 11lJuled alll IS also present in o ther injurieS such as and mere brUIses, therefore it is not a sign that you can always depend " Swelling .-lf a fr:tcture is seen as .soon It occurs,thls S} ma.y not be obsen'ed. If it is present 11111uedtately aftel the aCCIdent, it is hy the overlapping of the broken ends the bone and contraction of the muscles, If the fracture be left an hour or, tl\O before it is seen, a considerable s welling may haye due to yasation of blo:Jd into the surrounding parts, and th iS 11lcrease o u be .0 o-reat as to make it \'ery difficult to tell wba t the exact 1l1Jury ;emember that blood can be extra\·asat.ed by a seYhere I h' lprom IS also one at blow without breaking. any 1::<?ne, t 1ere ore IS syn by it be is not peculiarly speCial to jracture; but do not be decel "

FIRST

very suspicious when swelling is present, coupled with loss of power. It is possible that you may sometl.mes come a case there is diminution of bulk instead of an Increase, oWIng to the weIght of the limb dragging'the part down and thus the size of the limb, but the unusual mobili::y would put you on the rIght track.

Loss of P ower in the limb is an important feature when you have to consider the possibility of fracture, but it may also be found in conditions. A se\"ere blow, or a dislocation of a joint, or a severe spraIn of some im portant muscle or tendon will for the time being render a limb useless. Incases where a blow has caused the loss of power, the use and action of the limb will soon return; where a dislocation has occurred the fixed position of the joint will show at once what the real misch}ef is; and a severe sprain may be recognised by the absence of and unusual mobility, though conSIderable dIfficulty may be expene.nced in finding out the true condition of the part-anyway splints Wll.1 be required. It is just as well to bear in mind that you may get a bmb injured which is already paralysed and that \Yould account for the loss of power.

It is curious to note that these three symptoms are almost always present where there is a fracture, but they are not special signs of fracture and accompany other injuries; whilst the next three symptoms to be mentioned are the distinguishing signs of fracture, but they may not be apparent, and it may tax the ingenuity of a skilled surgeon to discover them.

Deformity or change of shape in the limb, when present, is a most important sign, and if on examination it is found to be due to an alteration in the shape of the bone, is hardly compatible with any other in jury except fracture. You may mistake it for dislocation if the deformity be near a joint, but crepitus and increased mobility would be felt in the case of fracture, and the first aid treatment you would crive would be the same. This symptom may be presel1L. but not "ery evident, and in order to find out if there is any actual deformity you must carefully compare the two limbs and see if there is any difference in the shape of the two bones. Positive knowledge that you are dealing with a fracture may make you a little more careful in fixing the splints

There is one kind of deformity, viz., shortening, that I have noticed many ambulance pupils lay great stress upon. I admit that surgeons lay great attention to it, but it takes time and requires a considerable am(lun of practice to discover. If I had to pick out two of my readers and set them to measure the limbs of another person from the hip to the heel, I am perfectly certain that their measurements would not agree, nay more than that. they would probably find one leg shorter than the otherhal\' then could you be trusted to detect an inch or t\\·o of shortening?

Pcrhaps you would like to know how it i s that you get deformity in some fractures and not in others. This change of shape is caused either by the force which has driven the pieces of bone out of their positi o n, or by muscular contraction which draws one of the broken portions out of its place. There are fractures, however, where there is little or no deformity. A great deal depends upon the direction of the fracture, and in the case of the foreal m or leg, whether one or both bones are broken. If the bone be broken straight across, there may be no displacement, therefore no deformity, or one fragment may override the other, or muscular contraction may force them out at an angle; if the fracture be oblique, the lower fragment is drawn up on to the upper and sharp end of the fractured bone can be easily felt. 'Yhen one bone only. is broken in the leg or forearm, the sound bone often acts as a splint and prevent5 any def0rmity. If a fracture occurs in a limb where the muscles are highly developed, the displacement may bevery difficult t o detect, although you may ohtain crepitus. In cases of fractured skulls where a piece of bone is driven in on to the brain, the deformity is pretty evident, and that may be your only positive sign You may cor-sider, then, that in cases of severe injury, when deformity dueto some change of shape in the bone is present, a fracture has taKen piace Unusual Mobility in the "hah ofa bone, or as iT is sometimes called, a " false joint," is an undoubted sigr. of fracture, but it is not always to be felt, which is very annoying to first-aiders. When the fracture is impacted, that is, one piece of bone driven into the other, it will of course be absent It may be so slight as to be scarcely perceptible, or be near a joint when it is very difficult to detect. This, therefore, is another sign which is not constant or grating is a sure sign of fracture in cases o f severe injury, but lIke the two last, is n ot always to be discovered. It can only be felt when the bones are in such a position t hat the broken ends can be pressed together. If one piece overlaps the other, or they are widely separated, or they are wedged together, or a piece of tissue intervenes, crepitus cannot be felt. It also requires very careful handling to obtain. and many of may take hold of a broken limb without being able to feel the crepItus. \Vhen you attempt to find this peculidr sensation, you shollld gently and take hold of each end of the bone, one in each hand, and by movIng one end on the other, you will probably be able to feel and locate the grating without using the injured limb at all roughly. Be careful to remember that every movement of a broken limb causes severe paIn, theref.ore a void unnecessary handling.

you these several signs of fracture you will observe, if you thInk a lIttle, that all of them cannot be present n ev ery case of fracture -yOil may be fortunate enough in the next case you see to find

AID. [D ece mb er, 1896.

one or two of the certain signs, or you may be unable to make u p your mind as to the exa.ct inj ury, but remember the golden rule-ij there is axy doubt, treat as jor It may be said of these SIX sIgns of fracture, that of the. tnree first, paIn, swelling. and loss of power, are but n?t certaIn, that the three last, deformity, unusual mobIlIty and crepItus, are but not constant.

It is also just as well to remember that paralysed limbs may be fractured without any visible deformity.

( To be continued.)

motes

By "TOURI I QUET."

THE witty remarks made by the popu:ar chairman at the G.N.R o Division Competitions when presenting the certificate caused mucb amusement. Sir Henry Oakley bas evidently endeared himself with all working under his direction. '" '"

DR. BRG:-<TON has also won golden OpInIOnS, and he is indeed de s erving of all. As a medical expert he is high in the list, and as a trainer of nrst-aiders second to none.

* *

I TRUST it will not be long ere see First Officer Cooper restored to health and viaour. His absence i s keenly felt, not only by his King's Cross frienbds but by all who know the genial friendo

* **

S UPER INTE:-<DENT PA WTER and his brother officers certai nl y seemed proud of the efforts made by their men, and well they may be so. It would be hard work to find anything to better the show made by the men The men are fortunate in possessing such smart officers

$t. 30bn RnlbuIance t\ssociation.

I pSWICH - Although, unfortuna tely, the School Board does not see its way to continuing classes, work is not up A ::lass for men is being held by :\1r. Fryer at the Ip SWIch. SOCIal Settlement (our Toynbee Hall), and }lessrs Ransomes & JefferIes have :tr:anged a class for their workmen, which is being gi\Oen by :.\Ir. G. S. EllIston and .\Ir. \Vard , senior House Surgeon at the H ospital.

BRADFORD.- The annual meeting of this Centre was held in the Town Hall, Bradford Owing to the una\'oidable absence of the \Iayor, presiJent of the Centre, the cbair was occupied by Dr. Andrew Browne, there being also present the Chief OIr. C. J :\Ir. IV.

T. Field, ;.\Ir. John Gill, :'Ill'. J. W. SkIrTow, J\Ir. \'alter hrth, and Mr. George Chippendale, lIon. Secretary. The annual report, read by the Secletary, stated that the work of past year had been satisfactory. The commill.ee of the valuable support r ende red by the medIcal profeSSIOn. DUrIng the yeaT a lar.ge number of accidents had been attended by the Corps and pollce constab le s, who, with their knowledge of first aic, h1.d been the means of alleviating pain and preventing further injury to the wounded. One instance was wOI-thy of notice. Police Constables Hellawell ?-nd eedham successfully rende"ed first aid in a case of attempted SUICIde, which, but for their prompt action, might ended fatally. The committee sucrcrest that ambulance boxes, cont:t1nIng splInts, bandages, and other should be erected in the populous of the boroucrh for the use of policemen and other persons qualIfied to render fir;:t aid. By permission of the Employes' CommiLtee of the Joint H05pitall"und the competition for the challenge shield and medals; was held at the gala held in Li ster Park on August sth, a squad of men representin cr the boroucrh police were awarded first pnze. The committee tendered their thanks to :\1r. Paul (Chiei Constable) for a subscription of:6 4 to the competition fund, acknowledged the servIces of. the :\Iayor (Alderman \\ \\ ood), members 'of the vVatch CommIttee, Dr. Andrew Browne (ChIef Surgeon to the Corps), ,',1r. Walter Firth (secretary of police .and the Hon Secretaries of the classes for their support and assIstance lD helpincr this humane work. The financial statement showed a balance in of £8 6s. 4d. The adoption of the report and balance-sheet was moved seconded and carried. Mr. Field moved a vote of thank s to Chippendale, the Hon. Secretary, stating that the real working of the business of the cel1tre depended almost entirely upon the secretary, who had thrown hIm self most h eartl.l V IDtO the work (hear, hear). Th e motion was seconded by ,',Ir. John GIll, ami carried. The proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to Dr. Browne for presiding.

A COURSE of first aid lectures will be held in St. Saviour's Pari sh Room, Stroud Green, N., commenc ing early in January. 1. may be sent to the class Mrs. 'vV. S.leath Gent, 52, Ylcwna Road, Stroud Green, N., who Will be glad to give any further lOforma. tion,

December, FIR S T of tue (Q1i oj}l.;U. )

METROPO LITAN CORPS, ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

TI:JE Third Annual Llf this Division took place on Friday evenll1g, November 20th, lD one of the rooms at the passenger station. The proceedings commenced at 7 p.m. in the presence of a goodly number of spectators. The Judges were H on Surgeon James Cantlie, Chief Supt. W. H. Morg an and Sergt. l\lajOJ Smith, and amongst those present we noticed their popular Hon. Surgeon J. Brunton, :\1.A.,M.D., the hard working Superintendent of the Divi sion, ,',1r. T. A. Painter, 2nd Officer H. E. Hankin (Hon. T reasurer), and 3rd Officer E. A Clear. At 9 o'clock Sir Henry Oakley, General Manager, pres ided, and was supported by Dr. Brunton , Mr. E. Mason, Assistant Superintendent of the Line, Mr. J. White, Assistant Horse Manager, l\1r. Wo R Edwards (Supt Sec. Metropolitan Corps), Mrs. Edwards, Lad y Supt. Church Brasier, Nursing Sisters Calvin L ines (Hon. Sec.), Gent (Store k eeper), Barnes and Sampson, of the Metropolitan Corps, Mr. Alan Palmer, 1st Officer Liddell, TO I St John's Ga te Division, 1st Officer J. C L ines, :2 Diyision, St. John's Gate, and many others. :'1uch regret was expressed at the absence, through of 1st Officer G. T. Cooper (Hon. Seco) who although away had done much to ensure the evening's successful issue At th e close of the competitions Sir Henry Oakley addressed those assembled and in doing so said: " If I could acquit myself half as well as the men to-night, I should be very proud indeed; one of the judges Dr. Cantlie tells me he has seen to-nioht some of the best first aid work he has ever witnessed. I am yery to see so many ladies present The meet'ngs relative to am bulance work on the line as a rule are held on Sund"ys, but it is a great pleasure to me to be present at this meeting on a week day when the day's work is done. It is almost impossible to express ho,"Y heartily thankful all thoughtful men must feel in knowing that there is a class of men who de\'ote themselves to the work I t is unselfish in tbe higbest sense but it is joy to know you can be useful to some fellow mortal in distress. I am indeed proud of you all and I re spect you for wha t yon are doin cr There are no\\' 200 men trained in first aid at King's Cross alone. tn conclusion let me say no man \\h o admires anything that is good in human nature should do otherwise than support such excellent work as this " (Applause )

Sir Henry then presented 23 First Aid Certificates, r6re-examination '-ouchers, 16 ,',Iedallions and 4 Certificates, and afterwards the prizes awarded as follows :-

STRETCHER DRILL, &c.- 1st prize (+ plated oak biscuit boxes). Ko. Squad, Ticket Collector J. Wildman and Passenger Guards ,Yo Ware, A. George, and A. Betteridge. The 2nd prize (4 albums) was won by I'\0.2 quad (:\Iessrs. Wingfield, Tomlinron, Halls and \\-alker), but hy the conditions waR awarded to the next team as each member had won two other prizes. ]\;0.4 Squad consisting of F oreman Shunter Clark, Goods Ca.rman Bliss, P oliceman, \Vi ldman and Shunter Leigh, then took the prIze.

SEAT DRILL,&C.-1st prize (2 silyer mounted drinking homs),)lessrs Burns and Holloway; 2nd prize (2 dressing cases), l\lessrs. Wingfield and Han'ey; 3rd prize (2 pocket wallets), Betteridge and George.

TIUAXGULAR BANDAGI. G.-Seven men were so that they had to undergo a second test. Fi r st prize (preserve dish and stand), ;}!r. J. IV. Halls; 2nd prize (pair of ornaments), :\lr. A. Walker; 3rd prize (writing pad), F. Tomlinson; 4th prize (wallet), Mr. J. Clark )Ir. \V. 'Yingfield was 3rd in this competition but could take the pnze as he has won two others

ROLLEH. BAl\DAGIXG.-Flrst prize (hair brushes in case) ?Ilr. J. W. Halls; second prize (shaving mirror) ;\lr. J. Burns.

S:\lARTEST TUR:-<-OUT. -Pri ze (four sets of clothes brushes and racks), The Engineer's team, consisting of :\1e ssrs J. Harvey, W. \Y:ngfield, F. Tomlinson, and A \Valker won this competition, completing same in forty seconds.

BEST ALL ROI':-<D ;\IA!\. - Special prize, marble clock, preo:ented by the In s p ectors, Guards, Shunters, and Porters of tbe King's Cross GLlods Staff in recognition of the \"aluable work done by the members of the Division. \I inner, IIlr. W. Wingfield.

Five squads competed [or the Stretcher Drill and Smartest Turn-Out Competitions, twelve pairs for the Se,l[ Drill, twenty-five men for Trian gular Bandaging, and three men for Roller Bandaging.

::'ir Henry Oakley presented a vellum testimonial of the R oyal II umane Society to Carman llerbert Doward, who at the risk of his o\\n !tfe jumped from a high \\all to the towing path of the Regent's Canal, then plunged into the water to find a lad named Uctavio Sabini who had sunk to the bottom; in this he was successful, and blOucrht the appare ntly lifeless body to the towing-path, and by the prompt'" application of Sylvester's method succeeded in restoring-breathing. Ha\'ing covered the lad up he removed him to the Royal Free HospItal, Gray's In11 Road, and it wa s gratifying to know he \Ias soon able to be taken home. In making the presentation Sir Henry stated he co uld hardly say what he felt in eulogis ln g the brave deed, and hop ed every man in the service \\as of the same calibre. Carman DOII"ard, wh o is of a very

Alb. 139

unassuming disp05it.ion, in acknowledging same, said he only felt tbat h e had what heart prompLed hIm to do-his duty (applause). In pr?posmg a yote of ks the Judges, Sir Henry said, ., Three kll1d fnends, each dlstll1gUlshed :n their callil1g, or eminent in their work, have been us and [ trust you will all show your appreCIatIOn of the slllgle-mll1dedness which prompts their valuable efforts I have a tender feeling for your judges, and I trust that the sentences they ha\o.e passed upon you will be recei\"ed with pleasure. SuperIntendent Pamter seconded, aLJd in doing so to the absence of the Sec. 0. T. Cooper. Chief Supermtendent W. H. :\10rgan replJed, and In dOIng so said, " I feel it a very great pleasure to come down and assist in judg-ing your competitiops r must congratulate the men of the Di\Oision for their excellent wo;k your chairman must be proud of you." Votes of thanks to Hon. geon J. and to the chairman brought a long but most successf ul evenmg to a close.

1ife Saving 1Rotes,

By XEPT U:-lE.

T.HE Fina.l Tie in the "ational Li fe Saving Competition of the Life Savmg SocIety, took place at St. George s Baths, Westminster, on October 31st, Hon. Sydney Holland presiding, and after a yery keen contest between the team from the L ondon Docks and a team from the CO\'entry Te chnical Institute, the former succeeded in retainincr the Challenge Shield for a second year by half a point.

* **

Demonstrations were given on th e same e\'ening in the \Oarious taught by the Society for rescuing drowning persons and for releasmg oneself from the plo\'erbially tight grip of a drowning man.

* *

I .hear that the of. :\Ieath".will probably be the new A.cting PreSIdent of the LIfe Savlt1g SocIety for the ensuincr year. If he accepts, he will find it difficult to surpass the Hon o Holland, who has ul? the work. \rith his customary vigour and shown ttle greatest It1terest III the SocIety

* *

The life saying class at Toynbee has made a good start. The services of :\1r. Russell, \Iho trained the successful Dock team in the Tie, ha\·e. been. f?r the -:r:0yn bee class, and :\li ss Regan, who IS a splendId SWImmer, IS IDstructlt1g the women's section.

*•

I hope we shall see ambulan:e and liie saying work more and more together in the future. The one is first aid on land and the other first aid in the water. .The Life Saying Society is a yery vigorous although youthful orgamsatlOn.

jfirst Bib 1Recorb.

IpS\YICH.-P .C. Readons, of the Police Division of the Brigade, rescued a poor Iyoman from the Orwell. He went on with artificial respiration for nearly an hour until the arri\Oal of a doctOr. He wa" greatly exhausted himself from his exertions, but had the satisfaction of knO\\II1g that hIS efforts had been really successful, though, before long, the patientsuccumbed. Thiswaoon Sunday, 3 a.m. He\\<lscomplimented by the Borough Coroner,who always speaks up for ambulance instruction. POTTERIES CORPs.-A little boy named Buck fell into the Canal from the dra\y-bridge near Knappers Gate on Sunday, th.:\ oyember. f-l is father hearing the cries of another chi.d hurried to the spot and jumping into the water, at this place nearly 6 feet deep, rescued the lad; but not before he became unconscious. Arthur Uldbury, a student of the Centre and a former member of this Corps Di\'ision) was present and immediately applying artifi c ial respiration was s uccessful in bringing the boy round III about he minutes.October 3rd, Bugler :\larriot \\hen on duty as a P .C. in :\Iarsh Stleet, Newcastle, rendered first aid to a woman who was bleedmg profusely from a wound on the forehead; the wound was abO\'e 3 inches long and penetrated to the bone. After ;,taying the bleedll1g- :\Lm iut cull\'eyed the patient to Dr. Dickson, who stitched the wound up and ordered )lalTi ot to take the case to the WorKhouse InfiTlllary -Uctober 9th, Private Pemblott found a boy suffering with a wound O\oe r the eye, tbe result of a kick; com'eyed home, washed and apphtd pad and October 22nd, Pri \Oate Hulme rendel ed assistance to a d isahled foot bailer. The injury was a dislocation of the knee. Hulme applied splipts and conveyed the patient to his home. Dr. Ti\'ett, of :::lIh erd:Jie, attended the case and complimented Hulme on hI worh.. - Jcto ler 2bth, <rgeant 'vVade rendered first aid to a woman in a fit at the railll"ay station.

IT having been deciued by the authorities to re-organise the Brigade Bearer Company, consisting of three medIcal officers, se\'en staffsergeants, one bugler, and fifty-three rank and file, for the Essex Volunteer Brigade, a brigade order \\"111 shortly be issued for the whole of the company to be furnished by the +th V.B Essex Regiment.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the month. In order to meet the requirem e nts of the trade, it mugt be actually published by the 25th or 26th , so we ask all our correspondents to send in theIr contnbutions by the 22nd at the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS.

As no paper at the pres e nt day can exist without Advertisements , we beg to draw the attention of Advertisers to this JournaL It has b een in existence for 30 months, nas a steadily increasing c irculation , and is the only Jour n al cf its kind circulat ing amongst firstaiders in all parts of the wo r ld, and is read by thousands every month. These arfl facts worth knowing and digesting

TER MS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 m ont h s, IS. 6d., post free, t o be sent to the Publishers.

FIRST AID

Dl!:OEjWBER 1, 1896.

Ambu lance Work, or the rendering of first AMBULANCE aid treatment to th ose suffering from THE FACTORY accidents or sic kne ss, enters :::0 much into our daily life and occupations that It is difficult, if not impo ssib l e, to find any industry or any warehouse or factory where it may not be of the greatest use in saving life or limb. When we come to consider the numerous manufactures that are carried on which are ruinous to the health of those employed, and also other kinds of manufactur es in which accidents are so often caused by defective machinery or plant, or even carelessness, one cannot but express surprise and astonishment that more attention has not been paid to the subject, both on the part of the employers, and also on the part of those emp l oye d. If the subject is properly looked into, it will be seen to be one of distinct advantage to both the interested parties.

L et u s glance at the reasons why those who employ labour to any large extent sho uld promote ambulance teaching and form ambulance classes in their workshops. We are quite willing to admit that there are only a few employers who would look at the question from purely a humanitarian point of view, and that we mu st show that it is a matter that affects their po cke t s, and that it is an actual gain of pound s, shillings, and p ence to have persons readv to render first aid in any emergency that may arise. We would ask employers to treat the matter in the same way as they do an insurance prem ium, for it must be evident that by minimising th e r esu l ts of accidents they are lessening their liability for tho se accidents. It is well known that, under Employers' Liability Act, all employers have to gIve compellsation to th ei r ."vho are injured during their work, and thi s pnnclpl e I S so well recognised that mo st masters in s ure themselves against the ri sk There are some companies we of that to wriggle out of this liability, legal action not taken, by threatening to dIscharge th e workman If he make s a claim on account of accident, and the'y find, as a rule, that the employe WIll rather put up WIth the loss of time than lose his " j ob ." It requires no great amount of calcu l ation to show that, if the origina l injury can be all eviated on the spot, or prevented by the rendering of efficien t

brst aid treatment from b eing further aggravated by injudicious handling , the of compensation to paid is so much l ess; an d thI S IS what we mean bY.lt beinlY to the employers' advan t age to h ave a certall1 number of men trained in amb ul ance work. They ma y say that i t makes no differe.nce t o the insurance company pays; qmte so, but If first a ld treatment can be obtained in all workshops, th e premium for the insurance must be reduced.

L ook in g at it from the workmen's side, n o one can h ave any doubt that they fully and welcome all efforts that are made to secure theli comfort and help them when injured. It is to the advan t age. of th e men to lose as little time as pos sIble through aCCIdents, and if t hey are willing to receive and profit by th e training we think that it is the bounden duty of th e employers to provid e the m ea n s.

We plead, howe ver, on behalf of th e unfor.tunat e sufferers; we wish every behave lIke th e good Samaritan , and feel that he IS no. than his duty to his neighbour, by !1elp111g injuries of those who work for h1111 and aId hIm 111 bmlding up and increasing his capital. The will be well spent, and will show that he ha s the ll1terests of his men at h ea rt.

AT a well·attended meeting in connection with the New Shildon North-Eastern Branch of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association, held on the 25th ult in Shi ld on Mechanics' IIall, Mr. R. Smedale, L.S.A., of New Shildon, Darlington, was presented wit? a meerschaum pipe and pouch as a token of the esteem Jl1 whIch he IS held by the class -In association with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Ambulance Classes Dr. John Johnston (ho?orary surgeon to the Bolton I nfirmary), instructor of the corps, l:as the present of a beautifu l hand camera in gratitude for hIS servIces. At the sJ.l1le time Dr. Johnston presented to each member a copy of a portrait of himself as a frontispiece for his book of song and verse entitled" l\[usa Medica," which will shortly be issued by the Savoy G Cran, of Banchory, who has conducted an ambulance class 10 FJI1zean Scbool durinO' the :;ummer, was, on the 30th ult, presented WJth a Clock, barometer thermometer combined. Dr. R. Farquharson, M.P. for IN est Aberdeen shire, made the presen tation on behalf of the class.Mr. James]. T. Morrison, spnior surgeon to the police division of the BirminO'ham Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, has been by the men whom he had instructed in first aid with a barometer as a token of esteem.

lDo[unteer Bnlbulance.

THE ambulance section of the 24th Middlesex (Post Office Rifles) had, on Saturday, 14th November, a very succe:sfu l concert .at the Crown H otel, Charing Cross Road. The chaIr was occup Ied by Surgeon-Captain Dundas Grant, M.D., who was supported by severa other officers

I N reference to the distribution of prizes and concert of the Volun teer Am bu lan.ce School of I nstruction, to take place on the 12th prox., attenti on is drawn to a notice regarding applico.tions for tickets. The prizes will be distributed by .• Major-General ]. Jame son, M.p ., Director-General Army MedIcal Department, a t the Banquetlllg Hall Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate Street, E.C.,_ at 7.30, on Saturday, December 12th. P ast and present members ot the sc h oo l can obtam tickets by making early application to Sergt. B. Pleasance, 130, Kenli s h T own Road, N.W,

FIRST AIDERS will be glad to hear that the operation performed on Sir William MacCormac on Thur sday, November 19th, was most su ccessfu l, a nd we are glad to learn that the condition o f the eminent surgeon was most sa ti sfactory

ANTIDOTE USED BY AN IRI SH MEDI CAL MAN.-Ca, -bolic Aczdpois01Zillf[. l iVhen a man had taken half a tea-cupful in a fit of drunkenne ss, and a fte r the stomach-pump had been used the stomach was well washed o ut, re" peatedly, wi th pure glycerine The case made a It searches out t he acid from th e tI ssu es of the stomach , dJssolvll1g It out completely from the coats. Half·a-gallon was u se d.

December, 1896.J FIRST AID. 141 <Baller\?

CAPT A I:'-1 TOM D YSON, CHIEF OFFICER, FIRE BRIGADE.

THE subject of 0 u r ske tch this month has re cen tly been so prominently before the pu blic in connection with his cand idature for the post of Chief Officer of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade that \ve a re sur e all firstaiders will be glad to see hi s portrait in our Gallery this month.

Capt. D yso n, who wa s born tonY-lOLlr years dgU, has been an active volun t eer fireman for three and twenty years out of this period. H e was in Canterbury on ,Vat erloo day in the year 1852, and It IS hardly necessary to say comes from a musical family. He is the Chief Offieer of the Fire Brigade of the Royal Borough of Wind so r, in which tmvn he has re sided since hi s childhood, and of which his father has been twice Mayor. In connection with the fire service, Capt. Dyson had the honour of being presented to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen on the occasion of a Review of Fire Brigades at , Vindsor, and of which he had b ee n the organiser.

It was Capt. Dyson who planned and carried out the Continental tour of English firemen in 1893, durin<T which they visited amongst other places the following cities : -Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, Pari s, Lyons, Havre, Brussels, Antwerp, &c., and at a banquet given to the British bre service in Paris he was seated between the President of the Fren ch R epublic and the Prefect of the Seine, and the former him se lf pinned on his uniform the Medal of Honour awarded to officers connected with the official fire service in France.

C;]pt. Dy so n, who ha s been an ardent volunteer, bas found the habits of di sc ipline tbereby inculcat ed stand him in good stead in connection with the various larg e Fire Brigades Review s wllich he has organised. He . ha s the long se ryi ce medal, and is also in possession of the Certificate of the St. John Ambulance Association. He is the author of one or two good works of reference for the Fire Brigade seryice and compiled the regulation code of bugle ca lls.

As an instance of hi s popularity amongst hIS brother officers in the Nalional Fire Brigades Union, of which body he is a va lu ed and hardworking memb er, it mJY be mentioned that in the recent el ec tion of a Chief Officer for th e Metropolitan Fire Brigade his candidature was endorsed by no less th an sixty officers of the leading Provincial Corps.

Straightforward and manly in all his actions , he h as a large circle of friends, more esppcially in Fire Brigade and athletic circl es, and we are sure that th ey will on e :l11 d all j o in with u s in hoping that Capt. Tom may be spa red to us for m any years

tlnlbnlance.

f LONDON, .CHATHAM, AND DOVER I RAILWAy.-By the kindness o and ,Directors of the London, Chatham, and EOrt Railway a Smoklllg Concert will be held in the Grand a of the F.reemasons' Tavern at 7 p.m. on tbe loth December on the certificates and badges of the St. John ASSOCIatIOn wdl be distributed to the members of the L.C.D. St:lff \\h o hay: recently passed the necessary examination. IV e understand that dUrIng the evenlllg lllteresting presentations will be made to Drs. Milnes Hey, and W: J.. Hunter, the class in st:uctors, and to Mr. W. H. :\10rgan, H onorary DJstnct Secretary. A capItal programme has been arranO'eci and we have no doubt a very enjoyable evening will be spent. "',

GRE,,:T N?RTHElm RAILWAY (ARDSLEY).-The third supper in With the above class kindly l;5iven to successful members by DI. J. J. Jackson, took place at the White Borse Hotel in the new club an.d was served up in the very best style by 1\11'. and Mrs. Duke. Full Justice havlllg been done. to the good things prOl ided the cloth was rem o ved.. After a short Illterval Dr. B G. Ewing took the chair. In: fewopenll1g remarks he said it was a fur to be prese.n •.. He the ambulance class a deCided acqUISitIOn to a distnct like thIS, and If you always wound up with a supper (laughter). It JS one deCided advantage that should not be lost sight of (hear, hear). A .capltal programme was gone through, and during the evening celtificate.s and medallions were presented to the successful candidales to Dr.J.J.Jackson and Mr. A. L. May. Dr. El'nng saId he had very great pleasure in seeing suchbandsome preoents as had been purchased by the members for presentation to Dr. J. J. and Mr. A. L. Mayas showing their appreciation and good towards these gentlemen. In preseming the first-named with a slll'er mounted carved oak cabinet, he boped he would long be spared to help hIS numerous frIends from the cabinet their number would doubtless increase when they got to know about' it (lau a hter).

In Mr. A. L. Maya beautiful marble timepiece he con"'gratulated hIm on the of hiS secretarial duties in carrying the class on to such a successful Issue (applause) It is another instance of the Loco' jcin ing the hands of the Traffic. Dr. J. J. Jackson said "I thank you most sincere y for the very substantial appreciation of my amb.ulance lectures. This pre , ent along with the two others be had receIved from them would ever be bis most esteemed treasures I think that ambulance work should form part of the stock in of every rail way man. I am sllre there have been se\'eral instances of which our work has been of some ayail. With the assistance of the first and second year men this year has been easier than the first t"o. He thanked them for their kindness towards him" (loud applause). Mr. May spoke of this being one of the proudest moments of his experience He considered with the valuable assistance they had had from theIr conductor, they had done as well as any other class that is in existence. They had passed over one hundred men, and onl y had three failures. He boped the nursing class would be carried on and his services would be a\'ailable to the end of that time. He thanked them for the present, and said it would be handed down and respected with the other two in his house (cheers). Votes of thanks were accorded to the artistes, the chairman, and Dr. J. J. Jackson, and the host and hostess. "God Save the Queen" brought the proceedings to a close

NORTH EASTERN RAILW AY -PRES ENTATION OF CERTIFICATES, ,',I EDALLlONS, &c., AT SHILDON. ON Sunday, October 25th, 1896, an interesting meeting was held in tb e Mechanic's Institute, New Shildon, the object being the presentation of certificates, &c., gained by the ambulance students at the recent examination. The chair was occupied by ;\1r. Wm. Sproates, engine driver, an old and enthusiastic worker in the ambulance cause, who, in the course of his opening remarks, expressed the pleasure be felt in the knowledge that upwards of 1,200 members had been added to the ambulance staff on the N. E. Ry. during the past year. Having further commemed upon the yaluable assistance which had been rendered by two rnem bers of the class in an accident whi ch occlIrred a bout a week previous, he then introduced to the company pre<ent T. H. Ellis, Esq., District Passenger Superintendent. and Mrs. Ellis; calling upon Mrs. Ellis to present th e certificates, &c , which consisted of +7 first cercificates, 5 seco nd certificates and I medallions. 1\1 rs. Ellis, who was most warmly welcomed by the company, then presented the certificates, &c., afterwards expressing the pleasure she felt in be ing present that day. There was, she said, so much that reminded her that one should help another, that she was glad that she had been able to take any part in the presentation. Mr Ellis said it was gratifying to n ote the brge percentage of members who had qualified themselves to render first aid Out oi 7I members who h a d entered the classes, 63 sat for examination, and the \\hole of them had passed ]\fen employed up on the railway were all more or less exposed to d a n O'er and he recognised the unselfish ch:tracter of the am bula nce men, who banded themselves together, givi.ng their leisure time to qualify themsel ves to render assistance to those III and he strongly urged them to continue in such a good wor k. At thJS stage of the proceedin g s lUr. J. R obi n son, supported by Mr. Straker, presented

FIRST

to D r. Smedale, the nstructor of the a meen:chaum pipe and tobacco pouch, af a small token from the members of the class ofth e respect and esteem which they to,wards worthy doctor for his genial manner and painsta1<lng labour .as theIr In struc or. Dr. Smedale in reply thanked. the for theIr present, and that the whole of the credIt was not hIS alone. He had recel l'ed the help of a good many of his friends, and it must, he Eaid, he remembered that the Directorate also gave them substantial support. 1\.1 r. Garrett, the district secretary, spoke I'ery highly of the students at ShJldon. He said tbe present was the largest presentation of certificates at which he had ever had the honour of being present, and he could very safely fay that the Shildon men held a I'ery prominent position in ambulance work on the E. Ry. system. Aftera demonstration in ambulance work by the mem bers of the classes, the usual va tes of th:111 k s were heartily accorded to the various speakers, and also to Mr. Hall, stationmaster, and Mr. Bowman, secretary and drill instructor respectively, fo: the .:1ble and efficient manner in which they had each dIscharged theIr dulles. The proceedings were then brought to a close by the presentation to the chairman ("\Ir. W. Sproates) by i\Ir. George Robson, supported by Mr. Thos, Robinson, of a sill'er mounted walking stick, sui:ably engraved, as a memento of his lono' connection with the amLulance cause, and of the goodwill of his workers. j\llr, Sproates feelingly thanking the subscribers for such a nice present assured them that the stick would te handed down to his fa:7.ily as an heirloom

GREAT EASTE1{N RA1LWAY.-The members of the Great Eastern Railway Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade ( Palace Gates and Stoke Newington Dil'ision) ga \'e a concert on Tue"day eYening, 20th Octuber, at St. Mark's Church Hall, loel Park, to witness which a large alldience was attracted. ;\1r. H. Drury, superintendent, plesided, and \las supported by Dr. Conolly, i\1r. Hill, ·works manager, and

One of the chief features of the evening's proceedings was an :tmbulance displ<!y, in which fifteen took part. Exhibitions of first aid wele gil'en in the cases of fracture of forearm, and injury to the foot, rescuing Fersons from drm.vning and from a burning building, fractured thigh and collar-bone, "calp wounds, stoppingtbe bleeding of a cut throat, &c. Dr. Conolly SUI erintended, and everything was , ery satiffactorily illust1ated During the of the eYeninR the Chairman made a few rem:lJks, alluding mainly to the good I ork carried out by such an excellent institution as the S1. John Ambulance Association. He also, amid much entLusiasm, presented 26 certificates to an equal number of members, who had qualified themsel ves to receiye such.

$t. 30bn Bnlbulance :fBrtgabe.

l\lETROPOLITAN CORPS.

THE ,Metropolitan Corps have been rendering a little first aid in connection wilh what mIght ha,I'e pro\'ed but for their timely assistance a very serious confiagrattC'n. On Sunday nig-ht, No\'ember 8th, Chief Superintendent ;Vlorgan, Superintendents Trimmer and Piers, and Pri va te Goffe, who were sleeping at the" Gate" in order to have ever)thing ready at an early hour on the following day-Lord l\Ja}or's Day -llere aroused by a lolir.eman's whistle On inquiry they learned that the ,. Coach and Horses," an adjacent public house. was well alIght on the ground floor. Chief Superintendent :iHorgan and Superintendents Trimmer and Piers at once got the private hydrant belonging to St. John's Gate to work, whilst Privat e Goffe assisted the police to rescue the unfortunate inmates by the aid of the Anidjah Fire Escape wh ich was affixed to one of the windows of the tavern So prompt \las the ".turn-out," on the arrival of the Fire Brigade the fire \las practIcally out. 1 he whole of the bar was burnt out and many of the other rooms were damaged by smoke and water.

ON Monday, November 9th, the Corps paraded at head-quarters, 5t. J obn's Gate: at 9.30 a.m for duty alc n g the line of route taken by the Lord Mayor s processIOn. The members musteled in good numr.ers, the parade l,eing: Deputy-Commissioner, Colonel BowdleI' in command, 1 ChIef Surgeon, 9 Honorary Surgeons, I Chief Superintl:nden t, 17 Am Officers, 26 First and Second Class Supernumerary Officers, 13 S Pmate.s, 35 i'\ ursing Sisters, and 3 drivers. or a total of 228 of aU ranks. OWlllg to tbe length of the route it was found necessary to lorm no less, than forty - nlO stations, fifteen of which were III terchangeable: I, orty-one cases were treated, four being of so serious a nature that It was necessary to take them to the hospital the olhers after tre;)tmenl to their homes. The usual supper was held in the evenmg followed by a smoking concert, a capital programme being by 1, Irst. Officer J C. Lines. The Deputy-Commissioner occupIed. the chaIr, and dunng the e\'ening presented the MasseyChallenge Cup and certIficates to the winning team Second B. A. Fowler, and a squad of men from the Tunbridge Wells dIVISIon and Transport Supenntendent Roper of the Leicester were present upon parade, and were made heartily welcome by comrades of the Metropolitan Corps SOUTH ..\lEn:OPOLlTAN GAS WOl{KS DIV1S10N -An interesting event. took place a t the head-quarters o f the above d:vision on the occasIo n of the first concert give n by the mem bers. The Cha ir was t aken b y Mr. F. L i vesey ( vice· pres dent), w h o was suppor t ed by H o n

A I D. [December, 1896.

S ur geon P ochin and C h ief Super ntendent M organ (Hon S u pe rin tendent of t h e D ivision). The first item on t h e programme was a p ianofo r te d u et, followed bya song" Ang u s Macdonald," wh ch was feeling y su n g by l\ 1ada.me Butcher, after whic h the ch tirman read the report from which appeared tbat the members had treated no less than 150 cases since December last. The strength of the divis on was thirty m e mbers, twenty- four of whom held the medall ion At the conclusion of the report an interesting presentation took place, the chairman statinO' that he h ad a p leasing duty to perEor.11 He the n on behalf of the nre-ented Dr. Pochin with a gold medallion, Chief Superintendent lVlorgan rece ving a handsome silver- mounted umbrella. Staff- Sergeant W. Early, who has acted as drill i nstructor since the formation of the division, should have received at the same t me a handsome marble cloc k w th a suitab le inscript o n upon it, but unfortunately, that day he h ad left for Genna\1Y, so this part of the ceremony had to be postponed. At the conclusion of this ceremony the concert proceeded Among the i tems wortby of special not ce must be ment ioned the rendering of Killarney" .\Iadame Thomas, in response to an encore she Rave II Rtrney O'Hea." .:vIr. Shine's mandoline solo was also ably rendered and received a. well-merited encore, The programme concluded with an original sketch" A Quiet Evening" in which the varions characters were well sustained. '\Ir. A. Ashman made a capita l parson, 7111'. F Goldsmith \Vas quite at home as" ,\jiss Higgins" an old maid.

.\jiss Annie Balmer as a vivacious housemaid decidedly scored in her rendering of " Norine Maurine." The author, who shou ld have taken the. part of " NI r. Tompkins," was unfortunately unable to a ppear owing to. Illness; Mr. W. Hull proved an able sub,titute. Dr. Pochin, as mIght !=>e ex.pected, kept a keen eye on the banciag-ing- part of the sketch. T he pIece IS sll"artly ""ritten, and 101 ill no doubt prove welcome to first aid dramatic amateurs. In conclusion we must congratulate all concerned on the very marked success of this their first concert. Praise is due to for his management, and to ;\II'. 'V. Harvey for m he had transformed the somewhat sombre looking t.l1sslon Room III to a fine concert room I twas, howeyer, much too small to accommodate all the would - be patrons.

P ROV I CIAL CORfS

I pSW ICH NURS ING DrV I SIO:-.! - T he monthly meetmg was held on the 9th at Christ Church MIssion, MI. Elliston gave an excellent bandage instruction.

EAST KENT.-No. II. SOUTHERN AND WESTER DISTR1CT.-On

Friday, November I3th, Deputy Commissioner Hey accompanied by the Bril$ade C l.lief for the purpose of lDspectmg the vanous DIVISIOns lD the East Kent DIstrict. The inspection was held in the National School Room when detachments from Faversham, H erne Bay, and 'Vestgate-on-Sea the respective ?Jmmands of Officer CIlllch, Supenntendent Shelley, and Supermtendent VeDIs were present. The parade was put through a "ariely of moveme.nts, Eeats and bandaging by the various officers, at tbe conclUSIOn of wh Ich the Inspecting Officer addressed the officers and them on the drill as a whole, Lut pointing out certalD errors wblch he trusted to see remedied on a future occasion The subsequently went through a drill under Sergrant Cornelius. ThIS was excellent, and we conO'ratulate buth the instructor and the division as a whole on the and soldierlike manner in w h ich they performed the yarious drills

HULL CORps,-Dr , Grieves, tbe IIouse Suraeon at the Royal I nfirmary , gave an interesting lecture to the of the Central Division on "The Treatment of Street Accidents." In the course of his. address be expressed his great satisfaction at the way the cases wh ?h were brought in the Infirmary [lad bcen first tlcated by first aid pupIls. Dr. Denn Ison lectured to the members of the Peel Street Division on Poisons. On 19th October, and on November 2nd, a paper was read by Mr. Masters (Inspector of Stores). This Division have transferred their head-quarters to more commodious premises l n future, they wdl be known as the Western Division. On October 26th lUI's. IIare,' Hon. Treasurer Nursil1O' Division gave an address on "Sick Room Diet, &c." b'

MARGATE CORPS.-The first meeting of the 1896-7 sessio n of this Corps was held at the New Head Quarters, Fort Road , last week, when there were present Supt. Troughton and members Kevis Bushel l Bushell, junr , F ox, and hon membe r Eastland. Aft'er the or the last meeting were passed, and the ord in ary bus i ness tra n sacted the fo ll owing resol u tion was unanimously carried: "That superintendent and members desire to thank a ll those who so O'ener ously contributed to the General Bui lding F u nd, and a so who h ave so k in dI Y, a.ss isted in the new station and s u pply ng h e nec e ssa ry req UI sItes for first a d.

P O TT E RI ES CO Rl-'S

T HE L EYCETT D IVI SION he d thei r usual mont hly meet in g at Made l y H eat h o n November 4 t h, when 8 members were presen t T he s u bject take n was t h e art icle fr o m First Aid on H xmo rrhaO'e and Dr ill by th e D r ill In structor. Severa l acc idents during the month 'hav e been a t ended t o by members o f t h is Divis i on. STOKE N. S R AIL WAY DI V SI ON Th e m e etin gs of t h is Divi si o n

:q ece mb er, 1896.J ;FIRST

during month ha 'e l.leen well attended and nu mero u s sma ll acc dents 11ave rece i ved t h e attentIOn of the membe s.

O n S un day, Novembe r 15th, by inv tation of H s WOI'ship th e Ma 'or

Sto k e -u po n- (F Geen, Esq., J: P ), the Division hIm to St. P eter s Chu r ch. Second office r Bagnall was n charge, and the Sergeants on parade were Roblllson, Huxley and Hand, BURSLEM officers in charge of First Officer

Hancock took partI n the May.oral Procession on Sunday,15th 1 ovember, and accompamed H IS Vorshlp the Mayo r Mr. Alderman Arrowsmith J.P. to the Chape l. The strength of this Division should much more than at present Certificate holders of the St John Assow1:tlOn can be enrolled at any of th meeti n g-s of the and part Iculars can be obtainer! from Sergea n t Vaughan DIV ISIOna Secretary, Moo rl and R 03.d, Bu r slem.

NEWCASTLE The. Division meets week y at the Rye Croft School for Dnll and PractIce On F r iday, 13th November, Dr. G. S tokes Hatton, lI on Surgeon, debvered a lecture on poisons a,nd fits. attendance of members was good, and the lecture much apprec I::t ted.

THE f?llowing- appointments been made to the Corps :-H ug-h

R. Makepeace, Esq t o be Supenntendent TewcasLle Division' Georae

P. Hyslop, Esq., to be 1st Officer, Newcastle Division. Second H an cock b.een to the rank of a 1st officer attached to the Burslem DIVISIOn CLASSEs. -The fo ll owing courses of lectures are now beina gi' b tIle evening-s, 7 p m., at the by Dr. Morns and Thursdayevenlllgs, 7 p.m. (Women); Thursday 8'.15 p,m. (Men), Church Lodge, Ecclestall, D r. Dixon' I'rIdayel'enlllgs (alternately:nen an? women),1 at the Higher Schools, lIanley,by Dr..Phllllps; Fnd:ly evenmgs, 8. T5 p.m. (Men), at the CongregatIOnal Schools, Stone, by Dr. F. E. Fernie; Friday el'en1l1gs, 8 p.m. (Men), at the Bllrslem Town Hall by Dr Ruesell' and at for J\len by Dr. Covey. ,., IDrill

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

,ME.TROPOLITAN CORPS-ST, PAUL'S DUTY.-Sunday 6th, \'\'embley

DIvIsIOn; 13th, East Ham Division; 20th, Oxford House Division ' 27 th St. John Gale, ;\0. 2 Di\·isio.n , Tueodays 1st, 8th, T5th, 22nd and 29 th Dnll and InstructIOn, for Officers and Supernumerary at St. John s Gate, 8 p.m, Saturday 19 th , Con:bllled dnll, plal11 clothes, at Drill Hall, WeliinO'ton Road CaledonIan Road b

POTT.ERIES CORPs.-Meetings and DrillS :-Dec 4th, 7-4.$ p.m , and. Stretcher work, Rye Croft School Tewcastle; 6th, p.m" byI-Ion. Surgeon Arlldge, Round House, Stoke; lIth, 7·+5 p.m ., Dldl, Rye Croft School, Newcastle; 13th 3, 15 p,m., Lect u re by .n?n, Round Stoke;, I8th, 7,+5 p,m" AlllficJal Resplr::ttlOn and CarrY1l1g ExerCIses, Rye Croft School TtWcastle; 3.I.5 p.m., Lecture by Hon. Surgeon Arlidge, Round House, Stoke: wdl ?e held also at Burslem, Leycett, Etruria and Tunstall, of whl.ch notIce WIll be gl\ en locally. - SIDNEY \\T. "\IALKIN Chief Superl11tendent.

VOLUNTEER AMBULAl\"CE SCHOOL Of< 1 TSTRUC TI ON

P?'u,sident -MAJOR ANDREW MACLURE, V.D., late L.S R V Offices :- 7, S1. Be n et Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C Monday, December 7th, Prize Competition; Parade in Dr ill Order. Saturday, pecember .12th, of Prizes. Monday, December l+th, OffiCIal I nspectlOn and ExammatJOn. Parade in Drill Order.

VOLU! TEER MEDICAL STAFF CORPS

LO:\fDO:--r CO.\ PA.:'\ I ES.

ORDERS BY THE COMMANDANT SURG LrETJT.-COL. A. T. NORTO:-.!. NOVEMI3ER MID DECEMBER, 1896.

DIHLLS -D n lls w Ill take p lace as follows:-

No: Company, Mo n days Head Quarters , Bloomsbury R fles, Chenles Street W C., S.I5 p.m NO.2. Company, W ednesdays Head + .30 p.m. NO.3 Company, Tuesdays, Square, E.C., 4.30 p.m. NO 4 Company Tuesdays, llead Quarters 7 p.m No 5, Co.mpany, vVednesdays, Gui dhall, E.C, 7 30 p m: N.B,-RecrUl t s Drill on Wed n esdays at the Guildhall, and on Thursdays at Head Q u arters, at 7 p.m PROMOTIO SAN]) AI'POrNTMENTS -On the recommendation of the <?fficers comrnn, n ding their respective Compan ies the following Promoand ApPolDtme n ts are made by the Commandant and wil rank for sen lOl'lty 111 the order given, and date from 1st NO\'ember, 1896 :-:--ro. 1 2 1st Staff- S e rg t. \ N. K Vaterso n i s seconded as Ass stant SergtIv!aJo r !le Co r ps II e w ill be a t tached to NO .4 Com p a n y , th o ug h h IS d utIe s lD t hat C o mp a ny will ce ase N o . 389, 2nd C lass Sta ff-S e rgt.

AID. 143

'vV. to be Ist C, ass S.taff- Sergt., vice W. K Vaterso n Seconded. R 4 7· • ergt. R." TIotle to be 2nd Class Slaff Seral vice P W Need, Promoted and to be Seconded as Orderly Ir °:l Sergt. W. B. C. Bell to be 2nd Class Staff-Sero-t. vice R \V re, ;c01;ded. 1+3I. Pte J. Perks to Lance-Co;'poral.·

RE:>.- !hm sday, Dec 3rd, PractIcal demonstration on Hocmon hage, with BandaO'Il1g-, Surg.-Lieut. J. Harper. Thursda De both, Fractures an.d Dislocations, Surg. - Capt. V. M.atthews S er 17 th demonstration on Fractures, and application p Bandaglllg. Surgeon - Capt. V. i\latthews X.B - The last of each evening will be devoted to the application of Bandages, CHALLENGE SHIELD This will take place on Saturday, 5th, at I-lead Quarters. Dress Drill order, tunics to be WOI n, no frocks. Nos, 2 and 3 Companies to parade at - 30 pm sharp. NO·5 Company to parade at 6 p m sharp, ;{o. 4 to parade at 6·30 p.m. sharp, and No. I Company to parade at 7 p.m sharp. Arry man who has absented himself from the drills of his Company thr.oughollt one year without leave shall not count on the strength of hIS Company when the efficiency i3 considered for the award of the ChallenRe Shield.

PROFICTE. CY CE.RTTf.'lCATES. - The following N.C. Officers have b,een awarded Cer.tlficates of Proficiency in accordance with para. 16 9, 1895 -No. 59 8 Lance - Sergt. E. A. May, NO.3 No. 712 Corp. H. G. Reed, Xo + Company. 0.0, 12 39 -,orp. E. S. Graham, No. 2 Company. No. 1+27 Corp H C ';'oodcock, NO.2 Company. No. I377 Lance - Corp, H. T, Ha.·nnaford· )i-o 5 Company. No. 12+3 Lance - Corp. J. D, Chapman No + Company. No. I268 L:l.I1ce-Corp C S. S. Dunlop, :'\0. I DrsTRIBUTIO:-.! OF PRIZES. - Will probably take place early in February, 1897

COl\lPETITIO:-.! FOR PRIZES.-Adjutant's Prize-on Tuesday, loth ovember, at Head Quarters, 7.30 p.m. sharp, Stretcher Drill (detail and w?rds of General smartness and turn -out will be taken mLO conSIderatIOn Dress: Drill order, C.O. notifies, with great regret the death of Seral. J. DIxon, No.2 Company. '"

SCHOOL OF ARYlS.-Classes will be held on Monday Evenings at 8 pm. All m e mbers of tne Corps are strongly advised to join the School of Arms There is no subscription. Xames shOl.tld be sent to the Adjuta11t.

(By Order,)

Head Quarters, Calthorpe St., Gray s Inn Road, W.C. October, 1896.

G T, RAW0.'SLEY, Surgeon Captain, Acijutant

]presentation of an Bn1bulance 'U'(fiagon anb 2Lttter at Bshton.

GE;\"EROUS GfFT FRO.\ TIlE

AN mfluential gathering of public men wa, held at .-\shton the occasion being the presentation to tr. e District Councils of Golborne, Haydock, and Billinge, of ambulances out of the profits resulting from the sports held on the Recreation Socitty's ground in the summer months, havll1g been promoted by the members of the police of the Wigan County Division, and carried to an extremely s u ccessful issue. The gathering was upon the market ground, and close to the Ashton Council offices, where both ambulances were on "iew. The ambulance for the Ashton, Golhorne, rlaydock districts is of the brouO'ham type, with a couple of woven wire stretchers, and it is buill upon the most modern principles by ..\Iessrs. Proe &. Co., of Wigan, whilst a manual ambulance has been obtained in order to meet the ex.igencies of Billinge A plate inside the ambulance bore the followinO' inscription: "This ambulance was presented to the L"rban Councils of Ashton, Golborne, Haydock and Billinge, by the \\'iaan County Police. Co,nmittee, Inspector Ryder Inspector Inspector Brien; honorary secretary and treasurer, Sergeant Scott. October, r896 " The ceremony of presentation was timed for halfpast two, and at that hour there was a moderate cDwd of inhabitants upon the spot A posse of police, 36 strong, drafted from the districts interested, p::traded at the police station, and in charge of Inspectors Longworth. Lower I nce, and Harlow Pemberton, marched to the market, where they were drawn up on each ide of the ambulances

The members of the public bodies, headed by Colonel .\1oorsom, Chief Constable of Lancashire, walked from the Council Offices, and amongst those present were i\Ir. T. V. Legh, ;\I. P. for the ell'ton Dil'ision, Rev. W, J. rector of Ashton, ;\ l r. J. Gaskell, J.P., C.A., chairman of the Ashton Council. The pre3entation was -made to the distr icts concerned by 1\1 1', Leg-h, i\J. P. Speeches were made by J\lr Gaske ll Dean Powell, and others. S u bsequently a luncheon was ser ved in t h e Co un cil Chamber.

e '"

FIRST 3n"ention9+

FOLDI:\'G CRADLE TRETCHER.

THIS stretcher, il1\'ented by A T. Laird, has evidently been designed for the liftino- and mming of inyalids in as comfortable and easy a manner as possible. The specimen sent to Uo consists of a large piece of Cll1\'as forming the bottom and sides of the stretcher. along e8.ch sicie is a wide hem throuo-h which the poles are inserted, the tn'o by pieces of \load, are detachable a.nd fastened by hooks to the body. It is 5 feet 9 inches long, 25 inches wide and II inches deep, thus forming a kind of well in which the patient lies.

It seems to possess some ad\'antage oyer the ordinary stretcher for cases of illness, and should be useful to nurses. It C8.n be made of any size; when not in use it C8.n be taken off the poles, rolled up and packed away: it can be placed perm:ll1ently on a bed beneath the unc:er blanket (which ought to be covered with a mackintosh) and used when required br merely inserting the poles and hooking on the ends for the purpose of lifting the patient off the bed.

It is not suitable, and we should think, is not meant for out -of,door \\'ork, or for the rough work that ordi nary stretchers ha \'e t o do, but it seems to us a capital idea. and one that ought to be of great use in the sick room. It is made by :'[essrs Fish & Son, of Suffolk House, Ipmich, and the price is \'ery reasonable.

THE CO:'lBIXED FOLDI X G

SEAT CARRYIi\G

CHA R.

THIS i:; another contrivance invented by :' Iiss A. T Laird for the benefit of in\'alids and for use in the sick room. It consists of a canvas seat hemmed at the sides for the purpose of inserting the poles by which it is carried a canvas back (stiffened with wood) which can be hooked on \Vb.en req UI red, and a foot-rest. T he front portion of the seat can be raIsed '\ hen by passing the poles through the loops attached.to It: \ Ve gl\'e of the chair in the two positions t:t first It somewhat complicated to put too-ether, but attentIOn to.the mstr ,lcLlons will enable anyone to fit the numerous ho.oks 111 to. the correspondll1g eyes. vVe found thaL a coup l e o! stout walk lll g st icks wil l serve as short p oles.

AID. [Decemb er, 1896.

It seems to us 8.n admira.ble method for lifting and carrying infirm and paralytic patients. It is ma.de by :'[ essrs. Fish & on, of S uffolk House, I ps\\"ich

TOCR:\'"IQUET CLI P

Ve ha\'e beeLi fayoured bv :'lessrs. Down Brothels by an inspection and examination at' the above contri\'ance whicb has been desio-ned in order to fix a tourniquet speedily and effectually. It of a piece of metal something of the shape of an anchor, its size being shown in our advertisement columns to the shank of wblch one end of rubber band is fastened. the other end being passed round the limb t\"O or tbree times (as may be necessary), then under one fluke of the anchor, O\'er the shaft and beneath the other fluke It is exceee,;ingly simple and easy to use, there being no chance of the band slipping, the li.ghter the pressure is the more firmly the tourl11quet holds. If It IS adVIsable for first-aiders to have in their possession and make use of such a formidable i"strument as a rubber tourniquet, we certainly think it desirable that this clip hould be added. Surgeons, bo\\'e,'er, will find that their instrument case will not be complete \\ithout it.

ABBOTT'S CYLI:\'"DER SU:\'"G.

Ot'R attention has been drawn to a handy little contri\'ance, desio-ned by T \bbott, L.S.A. (Lond.), &c., of Aberford, Yorkshire, and manufactured by ::\[essrs. Reynolds & Branson, of Leeds. It is railed Abbott's Gas Cylinder Sling, and its object is to enable members of a rescue party proceeding to entombed miners, or to persons suffering from suffocation, to cOlwey in an ea y and rea.dy m8.nner the necessary cyclinders containing the means of restoration. It was suggested by his personal experience as a medical man with the rescue party engaged durino- the frightful colliery explosion at :'Iicklefield, in i\lay, 96. Compressed Oxygen Gas was PIO vided as soon as the work of rescue commenced, and its restorative value was fou nd to be very great. But the po_sibility of sarrying the Cylinders over the exLensi\'e falls of stone in the workings, along with the necessary dressings, restoralives, and lamp, showed ALbott that smaller were needful, and also the Cyllllders must be slcng in uch a way as to be put or. or 111 a both ::trms being left free to manipulate the gas, or to O-1\'e or to use dressings, &c. The sling is suited to the TO-feet Cylinders (or and it enables this supply to be taken \\,here\'er a man can pass Il1 the pit. ..'

lYe would earnestly recommend thIS applIance LO col.ber}' owners and gas companies, as we belie\e it will be found a splendid adjunct to the first aid equipment of a colliery or gas company's ambulance corps.

£100 FREE INSURANCE

AGAINST ACCIDENTS

IN ill be paid to the Represen tati yes of the purchaser of FIRS T in case of death as provided below, by The S I ckness and ACCId e nt Assuranc e Associa t ion, Ltd. Head Office :-:q, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-6+, i\IoORGATE

LONDo:-.l, E.C

To whom notice of Claims under tl:e followll1g conditions must be sent \\TfHI:-.I THREE DA \'. Ap p lI ca bl e {;O Passen ge r Trains n Gr eat Brit a In & I re l a nd

£1

0D

ONE H UNDRED POUNDS will be paid by me above Insurance Company to the Legal representa tives of any person killed by a:l. accident LO the train in which tbe deceased was an ordll1ary passenger, or who shall have been

v iz , the 27th of eaoh pre c eding

t o du this ho wev e r , It will be a bsolutely n ec e s s a ry o go t o pr ess p nnctu a lly. Will our various c or re spondents ther e f o r e s e nd on tbeir c op y n o t l a t e r than he 20 t h o f eac h m o n t h S ev er a l leadin g medi c a.l m e n h a ,e i n tim r ted he i r w illingness to contr i but e a rti c es o inte rest to fil' sta i d ers, a nd it is hop e d that th e c ir c ul atio n o f t he our na m a y thereb y be lar g el y in c r ea s e d Wh a t WP. wa nt h o wever i s mor e a nnu a l su bsc r i b e rs ,\Till L oca S ec r e taries kindl y h e lp us in thi s m a nner F r s t- A de r 3 un a ble to obtain th e journ a loc a ll y should Apply d ir ec t Subs c ription f o rms m ay be o bt a ined on a ppl ica tion

TRAD E NOTICE

The Trade wi ll be suppl i ed by Mr F BRETT , 5, Pil gr m Street, Ludgate H i l l.

:\'"E\Y readers of First Aid ,. who are desirou of the b8.ck numbers of the iournal can obtain them either from their local ne\\'sagent or from :'1 1'. F. 'Brett as abo\·e. The n\'o volumes when bound fOI;l1 a handy volume of reference on many matter" of interest connected "ith amhulance work.

"'E beg to inform our readers that \-olumes L and I r. may no\\' be had handsomely bound. These would proye suitable and appropriate Christmas anc :\'" ew Year's gifts. Price 55. An eady application be made to the Publisher, \Y. J. ", Clerkenwell Road, London, E.C.

I:\ consequence of our usual publishing day falling in Christmas week, \\"e ha\e been compelled to go to press earlier. "-e must therefore ask the indulgence of our \'arious contribut'-,rs if they do not find their contributions in this number; at the same time we would once more take this opponunity of asking that announcements of meetings held in the first pa rt of the 1110nth are sen t as earl y as possi ble in the month.

:ffi r c"itic6.

STA :\DI:\G :l" we are upon the threshold of another "'e offer our best , ,,i 'he' to first-aiders of all organi "atiol1s t he y ear which is to mark the celebrations in connec-tion ,,:it h Our. o\'ereign s extended and beneficent reign proye a bright :lnd h appy one for Her M ajesty :ll1d her su bjects t h ro u g h ou t h e r g l or io u Empire. 'Y e trust that thi great ,y or k of fil"t aid, ,,-h ieh \\'3" st3rted clu!'in.g this_ reign and ha" done so much tmyards t h e a ll e\'w tlOn of h u man s u ffer in g, m ay , a t im e progresses, take e\'en a more pr o m i n e n t posit ion t h an it does now in the education of t h e cou n tr\'. III t h e coming celebrations mu ch wi ll un do u bted ly b e done for the pital' and k ind r ed Inst i tut ions, a n d w e tru tth at a 'ociation like t. John A mbul a n ce A ocia t ion will n ot be l ost ig h t ot. It ha dese n 'e d well of th e co untry, for th r o ug h its agency n early alll a r O'e to wn s a nd ev en vill ages a r e p ro \' ide d wit h a mm a t e ri al , a nd s kill e d h a n ds r eady to co p e \\ ith a n acc ide nt or case of su d d e n illn ess un ti l th e 3ITiv a i of t h e m ed ica l m a n 'la n y of o ur min es, fac t o r ie a':1 d ra ilw ay" are n o w a lm os t p e r fect in th e ir a mbul a n ce y te m , b u t m uc h ye t r e m a in s to b e d o n e . L o nd o n a nd o th e r l arge to wn s a r e n o t a s y e t pr op erly ambubn ced, a nd th e unfo rtunat e su ffe r e n vh o m ee t s with a n acciden t in th e st r ee t s is e \' e n n ow illY a ri a bl y bundl e d int o th e ha n dy g r o wl e r , n o m a tt e r wh a t th e irijur y m ay b e Thi s i n ot c r e d it a bl e to thi s co untry, a nd whil e w e are ju stl y p r o ud of o ur

,ystem of ambulance in truction, ,ye ha\'e yet much to do before our ambulance organisation can be referred to a" up-tO-date. In thi' year of grace ,,-ill our go\'erni.ng bodies lay this nutter to heart? Proper ambulance er\'lce modelled on the lines of our Police Force or Fire Brigade would be one of the brightest monuments of the Yictorian Era.

THE meeting at the Freema ons' Ta\'ern the other day, ",hen oyer :;00 raihyay men recei\'edambulance certificates, \\'0." a "uccess in all \\'a,-s. It ,,-as a good thing in the fir t place to bring employer- and employed together, to meet on a C01111,10n platform, 0 to speak. .hrt now, ",hen the atmo ' phere i-clouded ,,-ith "trike, and rumours of trikes, it i gratifying to find such existing between ma "tel'" and men. :\ 0 doubt the was one that had the sympathy of both parties, for there is no. "ubject that 3ppe:lls most to our common humal1lty tban that of sympath,- ,,-itb suffering and the best mean" to"'ards the c111e\'iation' of suffeI ing. The meeting should 31"0 interest the lra\'elling pu bIie, for the knowledge that so large a body of men engaged on one of our busiest raih,'ays know how to render aid in co. -e of aCCident, cannot but inspire confidence.

:ffiecf '[ca.

By F. L. POCHIX, :'I.B., S'·RGEO:\. GAS Co., :\'"0. DrnsIO:\, CORPS.

I ,0 often find that amateur nurses haye the impres5ion th8.t. in C8.ses where the patient is willing: to tak,e a g?od amount beef te:t, it is unnecess8.ry to press other hHms ot lh:lt It may be. worth \\hile to enquire whether or nl)t thiS old tnend IS capable of dOlllg all we are so apt to expect from it..

'Yithout burdening this littie article with long names, or enterIng Il1to detail, we may say d;at beef tea is a "err con:plex consisting of man\, substances. some of \\hich are soluble In \\:ller, \\hde others are not.' Of course it is ani\' with the sc)luble we are concerned \"hen .peaking of beef tea. These solubl.e ::,ubSlances ,:"onsist s8.1ts mainly potash 5alts, gelallne. lr IS to thIS o-ebtine that the good housel\Jle POll1ts \lIth pnde when she sho\\'s you the beef tea ' sh,' makes is so rich and stronO' that the spoon \yill actually st8.nd up in il ,,,hen it is cold.

let us take the e constituents olle by one and see what Ihelr properties are. The salts are \'aluable l:lUscubr lrtion but are not nunil1\'e. The soluble albullll11' are nutnllous, but :tre present in such smallqu8.ntity that. as fara they are concerned, it would require the te:t from founeen. pounds of beef to one patient for one day, so they may. be dlsregardeJ IS not nutritious in itself. thOlwh there IS e\'ldence that It IS at aSSI::-I.lI1Ce \\ hen taken \\ith other food, the hot water is a mild stimuhnt because of its heat. 'f

The fact is that beef tea in itself IS Ihlt Slf(/i'i<'llt It} slls/a.1Il II/<:. and I \\'e expect it to do so \\e are trusting to an agent" hlch \\ III most certain ly bil us. 1

To what, then, is the undoubted \'alue of beef tea and other anIma broths and soups due? It is to t!1e that are 8.11 rery "aluable stimulanLs w hose benehC'lal effect IS more lastlllg th'.ln that of other stimulants such as alcohol. They lherefo.re hare place in the diet of patients, and, it' used rightly, are at great. ser\'lce; but it is necessary always to that .they are :lI1d that we must gire some load mth them If the patient stlel\"lh IS to be maint8.ined. f' h

\\'e throw :twa), all the rea.tly sustaining; parts .of tl:e In e .50called refuse, 8.nd if \'e reqUlre a preparatl?n which IS. hte SUppOltlllg as well as timubnl \\ e must grind this up ll1 a .mortar l,nto a paste 8.nd add it to the te8., forming a capital :tnd digested load.

I belieye tbis is done in one much 8.d,·erllsed food, all Beef Extracts" and" Beef Juices" in the market are 8.5 dlsapPoll1tlllg beef lea \" hen improperly used/ and for the same reason.

FIRS1'

AID. [January, 1897.

jfractnres. (II).

By CHIR L'RGl·S. [.UL RIGHTS RESERI'ED.]

To the Readers 0/ I' First _tid."

HA,\T\G gil'en you my idea about the signs and symptoms of fracture, ancl of the true value to be placed on each of them, r will now say something of the different varieties, and then allude to the special fractures.

You all of course know the four classes into which fractures are di\'ided, as giyen in your text-books: simple, compound, complicated, and comminuted. In addition to these, t\\·o more kinds may be mentioned, yiz: impacted and green-stick.

S imple.-Tbe definition of a simple fracture, that is. 1. bone broken without any complications or external wound, is known to all first -aiders. You are also of course a ware that it is the least se\'ere of all the fractures, and this is because there is no wound by Ilhieh septic matter can gain access to the broken bone, and cause the formation of pus which causes so much mischief.

Compound.-A compound fracture means a fracture where there is a wound by which air can penetrate to the broken bone. It is astonishing- how many seem to think that a bone must necessarily stick out of the wound for it to be a compound but this is not so. Permns \\'ho get their hands, legs, or feet crushed often hal'e compound fractures. I came across an instance a few days ago, a man was mO"ing a piece of furniture and it fell on his I saw him I'ery soon after he had done it, and found a wound on the upper surface of the middle finger with a fracture of the second phalanx, but there was no protusion of the bone and hardly any dispiacement, in fact the fracture might easily haye been overlooked, and I had to feel yery carefully to find the crepitus. Compound fractures should be well washed with some antisept;c such as carbolic acid (r in 40), boracic ac;d, &c., and then carefully covered witb suitable dressing, such as boracic lint, or a thick pad of lint squeezed out in a solution of carbolic acid. Of course you knoll' the object is to keep out or kill the germs tbat gi\'e w; so much tr ouble.

As a. general rule when putting- up a fracture, whether compound or otherWIse, you should if possible get the bones into their natural position, but in some cases of compound fracture you will find t}-jis very dI.fficult. 'When a sharp end of a broken bone has pierced the skin, you wIll probably experience considerable difficulty in getting it back. Do not use too much force but cover the wound with an antiseptic dressing, and put the ,plll1ts on as J--est you can. The surgeon may be unable to get the bones into position unless the patient be placed under an ancesthetlc, on account partly of the skin being tightly drawn round the bone, and partly on account of the contI action of the muscles.

,?omplicated.--:- is a simple fracture with a complication added to It. The comphcat:on may be a wounded blood-vessel ora w ound of one of the viscera by a sharp fragment of bone or a of some joint, or a dislocati.on, &c. In all probability the complication II ill requIre the first attentIon of the first-aider, and may be a much more serious injury than the fracture.

Impacted.- This, a kine. of fracture sometimes met with, is of more 111terest to the surgeon than the hrst-aider. It occurs when one of the b:oken pieces is split, and the other fragment is dri\'en with it. The rral' not be notl.ced, and of course there is no crepitus and no false Jo!nt, shonenlllg IS present and may be found on an accurate measurement belDg taken. IVhat you have to do, is to put the splints on IJ1 the usual way.

Green-stick.-l'\ o. doubt many .of you have heard of this peculiar form of fracture It IS only found III young children before the bones obtall1ed theIr p.rope.r amount of osseous material, being soft and eaSily bent. It acqUIres n ame from its similarit y to the bending of a pI.ece of green wo od. '\ ou are a ware of when you bene a piece of oung wood that the fibres on tbe outer SIde of the bend will break whIle tbose on the inner side simply bend. This is somethinCT like occurs when the bone of a young child is broken-it is but not broken By the handling. that it gets before either you or the sur.geon see It, I.t may become straIghtened, and so the fracture i s disgUIsed for the tIme being, bl!t if it · nJt put in splints, the fracture in course of a. day or two WIll be pretty evident-the pain also that tbe chIld suffers WIll make you very suspicious of the nature of tbe accident.

Therefore in this cl<l:ss. injury put on splints and leave to the surg-eon ponslbIllty of saylllg whether there is fracture or not. Commmuted fracture n ot any special mention, except that you must take great care III puttlllg on the spl int s. It is a subject for after treatment by the surgeon.

There is j.ust on.e point you to remember. When you find a man l11sen31ble from se\'ere IllJune s, and you examine him for a be tbat you feel every limb most carefully' do not let e\'er be saId of you that you had put up say, a leg, ) ou your patIent away II'llh anothe r fracture somewhere lelse which you omItted to dIscover.

Fractures as ):ou know are caused by direct and indirect violence and by muscular actIon. Except as being a matter of intere st to know th.it

by falling on the hand you may break your collar - bone, and cy falling on your feet, fracture your skull, &c., &c., I do not know that this affects your treatment in any way. Direct violence is much more l ikely o cause a compound tra cture, and most simple fractures are ca u sed by indirect violence lour duty s to find the fracture and render first aid by application of splints so as to prevent3further mischief.

(To be cOlltinued.)

1Hotcs

By

SO, Dr. Cantlie, trlle to his old traditioris as a volunteer and more especially to his o ld corps, has not been long in England before he ha s elected to once more don the Queen's uniform.

*' *

All honour to you, Doctor. England never knows when she might want the service of such men as yourself, and I am pleased to see you once more in the ranks of her citizen army.

* * I can imagine the welcome ",h:n he first meets the regiment as a wbole. If it is a suppel or a smoking concert I ken that" The Laird 0' Cock pen ., will be a' in el'idence.

* * I \\':\5 sorry that the tlV O medical Ren tlemen, wh o recei I'ed so pleasi nga pruof of their popularity at the Freemasolls' H all, did not get an opport uni ty of tenderinCT their thanks to the members of the classes. I trust the men will not deem them ungrateful. This I kn)IV they are and one or both would hal'e replied, I am sure, had tim e permitteu.

* *

LORD HARRIS made a capital chairman, and his speech was full of gool sound ad\'ice to the recipients of the certificates.

* **

LORD K:-f{'TSFORD was in good form and made one ofbis usual telling sp;!eches. St. John has reason to be proud of its Director General, and will endorse my wish that he may lemain at the helm for many years to come.

* *

1 A:lf pleased to note tbat Sir Alfr;d Jephson has been appointed tant Secretary to the Imperial In stitute. Sir Alfred undoubtedly made the ::'{ a \'a! Exhibition the marked success it was: and it is to be hoped he may be equally successful with the Institute.

* *

1:-f _the proposed celebrations n:'[t rear I anticipate the St. John AmbUlance Associalton and its Departments will pby an important p1.rt. I hope therefore that all enrolled members of the Bri CTade will perfect therriseh'es in such details as drill and bandaCTinCT. '"

* * '" '"

FIRST -AIDERS will unite in expressing the hope that our beloved Sovereign may be spared .to her people for some years longer, and that theyear we are Just entenng upon may be a "ery happy one for Her :\IaJesty and all the ;\lembers of our R oyal Family

* *

I TAKE the opportunity of wishing our readers individually and coilectil'ely" a yery happy and bright I\ew Year."

\l)o[unteer Hnlblllance $cboo[ of 3nstrnction.

THE eig hteenth Distribution of Prizes to the success ful members of the Volun teer Ambulance School of In struct ion took place at the Danqueting Hall, Crosby Hall, E.C., on Saturday, 12th December, in the presence of a larg:e company of officers and men from almost every branch of the SerVIce, the Army i\ledical Staff being well represented. Major :\hclure, V.D., the president, occupied the chair, and gave an 1l1terestlng rep?rt. on the pr ogress which the School had made during the year, mentlonJl1g that all the classes had been well attended, and tha.t there had been no lack of capable instructors to assist Suro-eon'\1ajor II. F. Stokes, Senior Medical Offi cer.

In the betll'e'en the first and second pa.rts of an excellent the pllzes were by the Dire c tor-Gen eral of the Army 1}l edlca l D epartment Surgeon-MaJor-General J. ]arneson, M.D., who stated that it had gi,'en him areat pleasure to be present, as he had thus had an opportunity of meeting a large number of Volunteer Medical Officers, and of seeing h ow valuable their services would be to the State in case of need.

.Su:geon-Colonel F. O'Farrell, Principal l'IIedical Officer, Home DIstrIct, also spoke.

The old Banque.ting Hall, formerly the palace of King Richard 1I 1., presented. a very being gaily decorated with field hospItal <l:nd tnangular dlrectlllg flags, and the general opinion was thata most e:1Joyable evening had been spent there.

January, 1897.J FIRST AID.

1Lonbon ctbatbanl & !Dover lRaih\)a)).

PRESE::,{T.-\TIOX OF CERTIFICATES R-\DGES.

THURSDAY, December th.e loth, was a red letter day in the annals of lhe LC. & D.R. and a lso III the ambulance world, for on the e\'eninCT of that day upward s of 300 of the staff of tbis rail\\ay assembled in hall at the. Ta vern, the im·itat.ion of the Directors, to enJoy a Smoklllg Concert and to receIve the certIficate and badCTe of the St. John Ambulance Association. In the absence of ,\11'.]. S. (Cha irman of the Company) the was occupied by L ord Harris \\ho was supported by L ord Knut sford, Sir Yincent Barrinaton Col: Sir H. C. Perrott,Bart. E. Leigh Pemberton ,Esq.,C.B., A. Brand,Esq.,W. S. Forbes. Esq , l'IItlne s H ey, Esq., :\1.A., Dr. 'Yo J. Hunter, ]. Esq: (secretary LC. & IV. Esq. (secretary of the Bngade Chief Supenntendent ''\!. J. Church Brasier and Chief Superintenden '\[organ (St. John _\mbt.lance Brigade),' and many others. of the DIrectorate of the C )ll1pany. The programme, wa s. under the dIrectIon of :'Ilr. Herbert Schanau, was of exceptIOnally hIgh ch?racter. the items worthy of special notice \\'e must first mentIon the "I ohn solos of :\1. Ti\'adar :\'achez. This gentleman was at bis best, and truly may be said to have made his instrument almost speak, the silence \\'hich prevailed while he wa.s playing and the applause greeted e?,ch performance proved hoI\' thoroughly he had the audience WIth hun. The violincello solos of Signor P.ag,gi also a genuine treat ;ind were deselTedly encored. It goes \\'llh out sapng that the part songs contributed by the Schartau part singers v,'ere rendered in the finished manner which 'has made these artistes so popubr. The rendering of" The Little Old Log Cabin eyoked a stOrm of applause, and no wonder, for it was beautifully rendered, and the banjo imitation was really-a clel'er and arti-tic perfonnance. l:ther items were contributed :\11'. 1\'ingrO\'e I\'es, :\1r. G. Stormont, :\H. G. S. Graham, and :\11'. Cecd Graeme whose clel'er " :\lanipulations du decidedly popular. During the inten'al the presentatIon of certIficates was made by Lord Harris, who, in addressing the men first, read a letter from :\1r J. S. Forbes, the chairman of the company, who, by medical alvice, was unable to be present. in \Ihich he said, "'\ly sympathies are heartily with the objects of the Ambulance ,\ssociation ; and I feel the- gl'l::atest satisfaction that so larae a number of our staff of all grades should ha\'e so themseh'es in this aumirable and benel'olent institution, which is calculated to do so much to allel'iate the suffering in acciden t of our fellow-citizens." X 0 less a number,. continued Lord Harris, 500 members, or per cent. of the staff of the company, would obtam certIficates and bado-es. _\!l this had done in less .th an two years and el'ery \\ Ith the exceptlon the bra!lch, ,,:as represented. The progressof the work, whIch \I'as done 111 leIsure time, had been so successful that it was the intention of the company to form a brigade, with local :en.tres and annual c()Jllpetitions between centres. They had been l!Wlted to compete for a cup \\'hl ch was to be given by tbe St. John AU1buiance ASSOCIatIOn, to celebrate the year of the Queen's reign. Dr. IIey, a Knight of the Order, had also presented a cup for annual competition, and the directors of the company would do the same. (Cheers). Lord Knutsford, as Director-General of the Ambulance also addre!'sed the aalhering, saying that it II':.IS a great pl.easure to hIm to find that employe!'s of labour \I'ere taking up the queSllO!1 ; and he congratulated the dIrectors of the London anci Chatham upon their action, wbich he cordially appro\·ed. In the course of his remarks he said his noble friend their chairman had alludeu to the fact that I 2} per cent. of the staff of the company had passed the first ai? " 'ell, he (the speaker) thought that lias a very good dIVIdend, and he hoped. the marine department, whIch up to the present had not partICIpated, \I'ould lose no time in emulating so excellent an example as that set by the departments.

I\lr. Pemberton replied for the directors, and he took pride in the fact that the greatest cordiality existed betl\'een the Board and those whom they. employed. It nn.lst be reassuring, he said, to the public, to know that 111 the event of aCCIdent they would be in the hands of men who able to render first to the injured. Subsequently Lord Barns presented to Dr. Hey and Dr Hunter two very handsome clocks which had been subscribed for by the men forminCT the classes in the London Di strict. Then followed a gift of a handsome lamp to ;\11'. William H. l\1organ, IIon. District Secretary for the St. John Ambulance Association, and a was also given to Mr. F. ,Villiams, one of the staff at St. John's Gate. In making these presentations the noble chairman said the se presents were purchased by the members tbe class in order to show in some slight manner their deep appreciatIOn of the value of the instruction they had receiled at the hands oftheir instructors. He understo?d that like presentations had previously been .made to the lec turers III the country. Lord Harris, having another meetIng to shortly vacated the chair, and 1\11'. E. Leigh Pembertoll took IllS place. Pnor to the close of the meetinO' the Chairman produced the challenge cup which had been kindly for com petition by Dr. Milnes lIey. This was the signal for a burst of applause which thoroughly proved the popularity of the uonor amongst

his It i.s a sih-er cup. mounted on ebony stand, and bealS ke followmg Ill-Cnptlon .-.1 Lond on, Chatham and DO\'er Railway. Presente? by Hey, :\I.A., to the Railway :\mbulance :'len. to encourage FIrst AId to the Injured."

]n conclusion we must the General :\[ anaaer s St.1.ff more \1r. 'Yo and :\1r. _\. H. Sire, on the crrand success attended their first aid \york on the L.C. &"'0. R., and we feel certal11 that both must hal'e felt pleased to note hoI\' their had been appreciated by the large company present.

\I e that Challenge Cup, presented by Dr. :\Iil nes \1ey, whIch IS an exceedIngly handsome one, was supplied by :\lessrs. Cooper & :\[ itchell, of Clerkenwell.

']Lifc Saving 1Aotes.

By XEPTl·:\E.

\'ERY few mo\,ements \"hich have the public interest at heart made such gigantic strides as the Life Sa\'ing Society, and there is but little doubt that in the near future II hen the knowledge of hOI\' to rescue others without pla.cing :l11eself in is more generally knOl\'l1, deaths from drowJ1mg wdl be fell' and tar belll'een.

* :,'I:

I HAD an opportunity of chatting other day with a man l\'e1\ knm\'l1 for the strong interest he takes in mOI'ements for educational and social reform. Twas yery glad to learn from him that efforts to make first aid work and life sa"ing work part of the ordinary curriculum of elementary school education would recei\'e warm support. or course it will be nece5sary only to teach the "ery elementary principles of ambulance \York, but swimming, I think, should be compulsory.

'" "

I .'\:\ll'ery pleased to see that "-illiam Henry, tbe hon. sec. of the Life Saying Society, has been nominated as President of the Southern Counties Amateur S\\ il11Jl1ing Association. Besides being an earnest worker and organiser in the S\\'imming \Yorld, :\1r. Henry can sholl' an excellent record, haying at different times 11'011 many championships of England, and only this year, on a \'i it to Germany, he \\'on the roo metres Championship or Europe

'"' *

PERHAPS it is not out of place to direct attention to that pO\l'erful swimmer, J. H. Tyers, who practically holdsall the English :\mateur Championships and Recort!s. In September laSt at :'fancl,ester he co\'ered roo yards in the 1111.rI·elloU3 time of s9i seconds; this being the first time the minute has ever been beaten.

* * "" S\\T\l:\IERS will look forward to next year's Championships, as there is little doubt but that we shall be I'isited by well-kno\\'n French, German and Swedish Champions.

* '*'

FIGL-RES may pro\'erbially be made to prm-e anything, yet I think the figures I append this month show, without doubt. that the Life Sal'ing Society is making satisfactory progress. _\lthough these fig-ures trate to a great extent the rapid growth of the Society, in the fact that m'er 2,000 persons ha \'e atta1l1ed efficiency, yet they do not in the smallest wet}' show what incalculable good the Society has done by means of demonstrations, exhibitions, &c. ,\IallY cases ha\'e come to lio-ht in which persons haye been rescued by indil'iduals who ha I'e Iritmssed an exhibition of life-saying.

* *

The fiaures ai\'en shOll' the number of persons \I·ho have passed the for medallions and and it is \'ery I,leasing to note that a large of ladles ar.e lllcluded 111 these figures;- 6 in 9], 207 in r893, 33+ 111 rS9+, 5]8 111 r895 00 hal'e, up to the time of writing, qualified themseil'es during the present year, so that for I 96 the figures may be safely put down at 50.

IDO(ulltccr Staff ctorps.

THE London compa.nies on aturday held their annual competition for the reCTimental challenCTe shield. The competition \\'as close, and resulted Surgeon-:\lajol:"Grier, the umpire, deciding in favour of.No. 5 compa ny, commanded by urgeon-Captain Squire, takll1g the shIeld, with No. +company close up second

H1l1bulancc ']Literaturc.

THE Third Edition of :\Ir. Oscorn's book on "Xursing" is now out published by Lewis &. Son, r36, Gower Street, 'Y.C This now makes six thousand copies. a.nd at its present rate of sale wIll soon be at ten thousand.

IT is proposed to h old a course of ursi ng classes [01: ladies in St. ,\Iark's \lission R oom, Battersea Ri se, on S.lturday aftel:noons, mencinCT the end of January. Full p artic ulars may he obtallled of Law, 135, Layender Sweep, Clapham Common, S.W.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

PIRST

We beg to give notice that this .TournaI will in future be published on the 1st of the month In order to meet the requirenlents of the trade, it mu(';t be actually published by the 25th or 26th so "We must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd a t the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS.

As no paper at the present day can exist "Without Advertisements, we beg to draw the attention of Advertisers to th i s Journal. It has been in existence for 31 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation, and is the only .Tourr.al ef its k in d circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the "Worlel, and is read by thousands every month. These arM facts worth knowing and digesting

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months, IS 6d., post free, to be sent to the Pu blisb ers

FIRST AID.

1, 1897

THE commencement of anotheryear r eminds 1896-7. lJS once more that we should rev-iew the eYents that occurred in the previous year. 1896 has not prodl:lced anything very sta rtlin g 111 the a:nbu l ance world, stlll certa in progress has been made belng an advance on 1895, and which leads us to hope that more work w ill be accomplished in this coming year.

The Annual Conference of the St. J olm Ambu l an ce held in February, when a great many points of detall WIth reference to the BriO'ade were settled and the Metropolitan Corps had the of th e opinions held by the provincial officer; This fo llowed by a specia l on Ist at the Savoy Chapel, a most appropnate sermon bell1g preached by the Rev. Paul In Apn l the Brigade gave their Annual ,C?ncert at wh ich a presentation was to Bn&,ade Chlef Superintendent VV. J. Chur ch Brasler on hIS to that post. In May the Camp of InstructlOn was pltched at Lilford P ark the seat of the Right Hon. Lord Lilford. This is the when ambulance men of a ll ranks combine work w i th pleasure Th e C amp wa s well patronised by high officials of the Order of St. J <;>hn! and voted a big success

In Jun e.a Flre [ournament J?xhibition was given at the Agncultural Hall, at whlch dIsplays were g iv en by members of. the John Ambulance Brigade, sh owing the .m ethod 111 whIch ambulance work ought to be carried on 111 the streets of London. This was the first time that .such a display has eyer been put before the pu blic, and It. was an Item of the ,Programme that was highly appreclated by the large audlences assembled railway accidents have occ u rred in the year, at whIch we are pleased t.o say that good work was done by the ambu lance teams of the respective railways. At on the Great system, valuable assistance was gIven, many senous cases being attended to, and sent home 111 charge of ambulance men.

In September we had SIr Matthew \Vhi te Ridley the Home advocating the cause of at .It bemg th e first .time, we believe, that a Cab111et .Mmlsler has spoken ll1. public on suc h a topic. It seems to u s that we can P0111t to this as the mo st

AID. [January,

1897.

important even t of the year, for if we can get members of th e Government t o interest them selv es in ambulance work, we ought not t o be very far off obtaining an amb ulan ce sys tem for the Metropolis.

In October an ar ticle appeared in the Jllineteentlz Century pointing o ut the need of a serv i ce for L ondon, and some notice was taken of it by other journals, but nothing h as come of it as yet, we are sorry to say.

The R ai lw ay Companies ar e keeping up their work, ann othe r companies are com in g int o lin e, notably, th e L o nd o n Chatham & Dover R ai lway, which h as recently put about 5 00 men through, and we understand th at they are going in for it th or o ug hly .

Looking at the work done in th e past year, we ha ve e\-ery reason t o be th an kful for th e interest that has been taken in the matter, and supp ose we must fee l thankful for small m ercies. An adva nc e has been made, and progress in spreading ambu l ance instruction has been st eady if n ot great.

N ow that anot h er year has commenced, let us hope that grea t things w ill be done, and a record made. It mu st not he forgotten that th e whole am hulan ce stre ngth of London and the Provinces wi ll be required for the grand celebration of the Queen's unique reign which will be held in the summer. All those who com template joining a corps shou ld do so at once in order to get well in touch with their work, and get thoroughly acquainted with their officers and their comrades.

lDriIl

ST. JOHN i\:\1BULANCE BRIGADE.

METROPOLITAN CORPS-ST. PAUL'S D UTY. -Sund ay yd, Gre at Tort hern Railway Division; loth, Barking Division; 17th, Ley ton and Leyto nst one Division; 2+th, Children's Home Division; 31st, Bromley Division. Tuesday 12th, 19th and 26th, Special Drills for Officers and Supernum erary Officers at head-quarters, 8 p.m. Thursday 21st, Special Lecture by H on. Surgeon Dr. Black Jones, subject, " \ Vhat we owe to Sanit<,ry Reform," at 8 p.m., place of meeting will be notified in due course. Saturday 23rd, combined drill at Drill Hall, Wellingt on Ro ad, Caledonian Road, at 6.30 p.m ., plain clothes.

BO UG IITON- UNDEl{ -BLEAN DIVISION .-Meetings:--First :'I onday in every month at Head Quarters to transact business of the Division and for practical work, under Hon Surgeon Dr. Scatcharcl; also .every third Monday in month for Ambulance Squad and Stre tc her Drill, &c POTTERIES CORPs.-Meetings and Drills :-Jan. 3rd, 3 p m., Le cture by Hon. Surgeon, Round House, Stoke; loth, 3 p.m., Le cture by Hon. Surgeon, R ound House, Stoke; 12th, 7 p.m Paper by Mr. Allen, General Practica Work and Brigade Drill, Part 1. , Grindon S chool 17th; 3 p.m., Le ct lll e by H o n. Surgeon, R ound House, Stoke; 24th. 3 p.m , L ecture by Hon. Surgeon, R o und Hou se, Stoke. The Newcastle Di vision will not meet during the month of Janu ary.- SYDNEY Vv. iVlALKfN, Chi e f Superintendent

VOLUNTEER N \1BULANCE SCHOOL OI, INSTRUCTION.

P?' es id ent :-MAJOR ANDREW MACLURE, V.D., late L.S.R.V.

Offic os :-7, St. Benet Pla ce, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C

The next class for the training of stretcher bearers of units will be held at the of the" Artists' 1I R. V., Dukes Road, Euston Road, IV.G , by permlSSlOl1 of Colonel R. W. Edis, V .D ., and will commence at 8 p m. on Tue sday, February 9th, 1897.

Officers, non-commissioned ')fficers, and men who are efficient can obtain application forms of Sergeant H. Plea sa nce, 130, Ken t s b 'fown Road, N.W., or of Sergeant H. J. Bu sse ll, l3, Gower Street, 'N. C. (By Order,) H. F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major, Senior Medi ca l 0 [ficer Instructor.

NEW YEAR'S GIFTS -I'\Te adv ise our readers who have not yet purcha sed their New Year' s presents to peruse o ur advertising col u mns

For lady first-a ders a variety of handsome gifts will be seen at l\lessrs.

Crisp & Co.'s, Se ven Sisters Road, while the gentlemen's tastes are studied in every department by Messrs. S ampson Oxford Street

Those who have not yet had their photo taken in Bri gade uniform cannot do better than pay an early visit to the Mansion H o u se Photographic C ompany, and rectify the omission.

January, 1897. J FIRST lPortrait

DR. MILB URN, CHIEF SURGEON, H ULL CORPS, ST. AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

THE gentleman whose portrai t graces our Gallery this month is well kn own in H ull as a zealous supporter of the ambu l ance cause. He wa s born in' Sheffield, and aftel being priyately educated \yent to the "Cniy ersity of Durham, where he had a succe ssful career and gained a popularity in social life and athletic circles . He became Tulloc h Scholar, took prizes in seYera l subjects and the degrees of M.B. and M.S. in 1882 After becominO' qualIfied he was appointed House Surgeon to the County H ospital. In 1886 he commenced practice in Hull where h e has taken a prominent position amongst his medical brethren, and is now President of the Hull Medica l Society, and hold s the position of Hon. SurO'eon to the Victoria Ho spital. 0 His connection with ambu lance work began in 18 _.j., when he commenced to give lectures, and since that time, in add iti on to other work, has instructed 290 members of the Hull Borough Police. He is also r esponsi ble for the format ion and maintpnance of the Hull Police Ambulance Division of which he is Hon. Surgeon. The St. John Ambu lan ce Association recognised his se rvices by electing him in 1890 an Hon. Life Member.

When Dr. Milburn settled down at Hull he was at once made Hon. Surgeon of the branch of the St. John Ambu lance Association, and on tbe formation of the Hull Centre in 1888 became H on Secretary in conjullct ion with Mr. Fr ench Thompson. He has spent a great deal of va luabl e time and l abour in reorgani sing the Hull Corps of the Ambulance Brigade, and bringing it into lin e with the r eg ul ations iss u ed from St. John's Gate, the experience acquired in the Volunteer service pro\'i ng part icul a rl y useful. He will be r emembered by those who attended the Brigade Conferences at Northampton and Londo n as t a kin g a prominent part in the discussions, and proved himself a useful and welcome addition to the Camp at Lilford Parle

Dr. Milburn takes an interest in other ma tters as well as a mbul a n ce work, for be is Captain in the 2nd East York Volunt eer Artillery, President of the St. Andrew's Cycl ing Club, and o n e of the" Aldermen" of the H'...lil and Dis tri ct Cycl ing Union. "V e are pleased to inform our readers th a t he se ts hi s face again s t road racing a nd " scorc hing " in all it s fo rm s.

During hi s re idence a t. Hull Dr. Milburn has made many friends, :md h as show n by his energy, industry and act ivity that he desen-es every success, and it is th e earnes t wi sh of all those who e nj oy the priyilege of his acq uaintance that h e m ay long con tinue hi s career of usefulness.

A 1:b. <tolnpetition for tbe <thallengc <tup.

THIS Competition was held in November last at the St. James's Clerk e nwell, L.ondon, E.C., in a room kindly placed at the of the Yletropohtan Corps by the Re\·. J. H. Rose. The j \\ere. Surg.-Capta111 G. T. Rawnsley, A.\1.S, Adjutant Volunteer \-led'c,1 Staff Corps; Surg.-Lieutenant T. Harper, Volunteer .\Iediol Staff Corps, and Sergt-\lajor Smith (late A.\I.S.), Chief Drill Instructor to the Jletr opo li tan Corps.

The the form :-Single \£an Carrying CompetItion and ArtIfi.clal RespIratIOn, BandaO'inO' with Triano-ular Stretch.er D,:ill :-Lifting, ..\larching bwith \\ ounded, and bnef \ Iva- voce Exam111atlOn. POInts were O'iYen for (a) the neat and rapid applicatiop the Aid remedies appropriate to the. case, (b) Sktll In handl1l1g Stretcher, loading and unl.oad111g, and conveYll1g patIents on Stretcher to Hospital. teams competed in the following order :-Toynbee Hall DIVISIOn, Second Officer Paddon, Bower, ton, and Smlt East Ham DIVISion, Superll1tendent Hodgson, Pri\'ates Cosburn, Hurden, and ;"-llison Haggerston Di\ ision, StaffSerg7al,t Pr.I\·ates \\ ells,. Guffe, and Patey. St. John s Gate, No. 1. DIVISIon, Sergt. Phillips! Pnvates Go xlII in, Phillips, Pepper, a nd Bettend§[e. South ..\letropolttan Gas Company Di\'ision, Staff-Sergt. Early, PrIvates Grouse, :'lanlev Griesbach and Bina. Oxford House Division, Staff-Sero-t. Jones' Privates C 11 b' J''''' o. ler and H alley. St. John's Gate, )ro. 2 Di\ ision, Sergt. Cox, Pnvates.-r:homas, \latthe\\-s, Corney, and Lowes. The result was East Ham DIVIsion, 1. South ..\Ietropolitan Gas Comp:tnj' Di,' ision 3. Toynree H'lll Division, 3.

The competitors showed a marked inpro\'ement in aeneral efficiency upon last yea.r's wOI.-k, the judges commending all for fhe \'ery excellent display of FIrst Aid knowledge. mentioning especially the winning team whose general treatment of the patient left nothin a to be desired.

After the judges had gi,'en their decision which received with applause, Chief Superintendent :'I organ proposed a Yote of thanks to the Judges, that the Corps was to be congratulated upon haying the ser\'lces of gentlemen so highl y versed in their work to come and Judge thiS the most important competition held annually in the Corps had been most painstaking, and had in reality gil'en up a pre\'l?us engagement to be with us to -n ight, and I fear lYe have se\'erely tned their energy, they having been enO'aaed with us for now over four hours. Brigade Chief Supt. Brasier, who"'could not miss beina with his old Corp: on such an occasion, being men in \\'hi ch he took such a keen 1l1terest-in fact, I heard it whispered that he was the means of getting the cup presented to thp. Corps-seconded the vote of in suitable terms. Surgeon-Captain Ralmsley in replying stated It gave hIm the greatest pleasure to be present and assist the Corps Jl1 theIr wo.rk,. and. trusted to the opportunity of taking part with the Corps 111 Its dIfferent functIOns on many more occasions. SurO'eonLieut. Harper speaking said when he accepted the post of jndae had but a faint idea of what the St. John Am b ulance Brigade like, he had been most agreeably surprised. He must compliment the Ccrps on its genera efficiency. He had specially noticed the \Yay one man in the winning team had done his work, he thought he must h lve had some years training and had just disco\'ered that he was an old sailor, he congratulated him.

Sup=rintendent Hodgson is to he complimented on his victory; his Division is a young one, but I foretell great things for it in the future, if be only keeps his men up to their present state of proficiency. A meed of praise should also be gi,-en to the team which came in second. This Division was only formed in the early part of this year, and their instructor, Early, could ha\'e spared no pains in bringing his men to such a state of pe rfection, + points only separating the firsL and second teams. , \. large number of members of the Corps and their friends were present, not forgeuing the ::\ursing Sisters.

[\Ye regret tInt owing to want of space the abo\-e was omitted from our last iss ue.-E D.]

T :lE GRESHAt>1 LIFE i\'SSURA[\'CE SOCIETY.-\\-e wish to draw the attention of our readers \\'h o are not insured, to the acl"ertisement of the Gre sham Life Office, which appears in our :1lil-ertising columns. This office which tands first in the IXlk for life assurance, to \\-h ich cbss of business the society confines itself, has just appointed i\lr. \ V. J. Ch urch Bra"ier an agent, and \\ e ha I'e no dOll I that Ihe experience he g:lined some years ago in cO:lnection lIiill work in the pro\'1nces cannot fail to be of ad"antage to 111= Gre-hall'. To all who are not insured we would say do not delay the mat leI'. let one of your first acts in the nelV year be to take out a policy for life assurance.

C'llllong tft C $orCC$.

THE East London Brigade Bearer C_ompany gaye ::, Concert at the horeditch TOI\"l1 Hall on ::\oyember 26th. 96, lor the purpose of proyiding funds for the purchase of an ambulance wagon, c..:c" to complete the equipment of the Compnny. _-\ capital. although somewhat lenO"tf]y. programme arranged and W,,5 our the able conduct of the mUSIcal dIrectors. :'Ilessrs \rash c..: :\tkll1, assbted by a committee of officers and '\-here all wn5 50 good it is well-nigh to Indl\'lduabse. bur mention must be made of the renderIng of The Charge of LIght Brigade 'J by Sergeant Smith \of the. 3rd, \, }3 the Queen·s). An of. me::tn order, ,he hI: audience lIith him by hIS spll"lted renderIng ot poem. _-\ special meed of praise is also due to the b::md ot Bngnde, which pro\'ided most of the IOstI:umental of the plog,l,amme. Other artistes desen'ing of mentIon are Emme!son HUI::.t, l-Jler D::tnce, :'Ilr. Sid Carter, :'Ilr. Berestord. :'Il!ss ::\. P::trker, Preston and Surgeon-Lieut. \Yoods. ""e cannot conclude congratulating the o.e3igner pr.og!·amme. It ,was nnd the scene depicted on ItS suggestll1g a5 It the horrors of war, should at this eason ot ye::tr,open the of the \yealthy to assist our ci:izen soldiers 111 theIr laudable effort to place them, eh'es in such a posItIon as \yould enable them take t!1e field iullyeql!ipped should th,is In a \\::tr on Its own shores. ThIS ot course IS a remote pnbabdlt} a!l,d all hope it may newr arise; but still, bearing in mind the ol.d. ::tdaO"e, It you deSire peace prepare for \\"::tr, lye I,"ould also say the amona those men \"ho haye \'olunteered to hght tal thell COUntl) she e,':'er require their aid.

RE>"DERS of this Tourn::tl both ci\'il ::tnd militnry \\'ho ha,'e read with the to its columns by :'IIr. James Cantlie, will join with us in wishing him heal [\' con!5ratulations 01: his return to hiS old Corps, the London Scotiish Rifle \ olunteers. '\ e understand he was gazetted on Tuesd::ty. December 1"t.

1binta to lPupils Up for J£Jal11inati01l5 or for (LOtllpctitiOlls.

By J.C.

TIlE TRIX\GCL-\R B.\::\"D.\.GE.

1. - THE L>"RGER A<-::\1 SU:\G.

"'HE:\ the en miner asks vou to applya large "Left" arm sling, see that you put it to the leji arm and not to the right, One third of the candidates bandage the \\Tong limb, presum::tbly taking their own left for the patient's. This hint is especially useful to candidates at trials. _-\ bandage put on the \Hong shoulder is on a footing

\I ith a competitor at a rifle rallge putLi ng the bullet on the wrong target. Just as he loses Lhe \"a lue of his hit, so in the e\"ent of two men being- well nigh equal, as has happened at seyeral

From' ,\ccidental & 011. competitions lately. the fact that one man applies his bandage tothe arm indicnted naturally gi\'es him a pull oyer the other competitors. who selected for themseh'es the lim b to show off their sk ill.

(A) Be sure you remember HO'" TO TART. Place the" point of the bandag-e along the side of the body beneath the injured elbow," Nothing 10ll'ers an examiner's opinion of you more than to make a muddle at the start, A quarter of all candidates" begin wrongly" and correct themseil'es afterwards; tbree-quarters of all candidates , hesitate" before laying the bandage on the chest.

(B) THE is the knot to he placed? O\'er the spine?

That is the worst place possible. A knot at the back of tbe neck will press on tbe coat collar, on the seam of the coat, on the collar stud or button at the back of the neck, and worst of all on the seventh Cervic::tl Vertebra-the Prominent Veltebra (\'ertebra Prominens) as it is called, at the root of the neck behind. Where then, at one side? Which side? " Oh, I suppose on the side' away' from the injury " This is invariably

A. I D [Janua

r y, 189 7.

tbe ansller. TuSt think for a moment wha Ibe effects L)f that ::tre. The dr::tg of the bandage is(:nlpposing.it a arm slmg) on the left side of tbe neck. ]f tberefore a knot IS pbced 111 the of this pnrt of the band::tge, it will press into , ::tnd injure chale the skin, causing the patient no end of unnecessary inC0I1I"e11lenCe, and WIll likely afford ::tn excuse to throw off tbe bandage altOgetber. The only place to tie the knot is.on the side it is the ::trm that is being bandaged an? lor the ]"Igbt. Th::tt IS to sax tie the knot on the Scllll" SIde as the l11\un', and well down tbe front. rt would be better to bring it still hrtber 'round than it is to do in the dingram The of this situation nre o b\"lo us. The bandage is smooth o\'er the parts where tbe drag comes, and the knot comes its presence cannot be felt, Tbe hand must on slightly le\'e! tban the elbO\\".

(11) The tip of the little finger should Just appear o\'er tbe edge ot the applied bandage,

(E) T he ends must of course be tucked ne::ttly out of SIght. Refuse [Q apply a bandage at a competition O\'er a loosely fitting coat.

II ,-THE HOUlDER B.>,,:\DAGE.

(,>,,) "-ben you by the trin nO"u lar bandnge on the sboulder (see that it' is' the one the examiner indicates) to be band::tged ; proceed to turn Lin" the lower border of the bandage. Ihlf the candidates n;rn it (lilt, (n) The knot by \\ hich you fasten off tbis b::tndage j'ound the :ll"m must be on the .• outer side." not the inner side of the arm. .\ knot 011 the inner side of tbe lim b would be incon\'enielH :md rub ::tgninst tbe side of the bod\"'

(c) 'Yhen you apply the n:uro"'::trm sling to suppOrt the limb, which is the second step in tbe treatment, see that it is tbe injured limb" tbt is being / \ slung and not the sound one. This is a \'elY COI11mon error indeed - and a l're'1" \n<dl'lll.,l II jll '.'," c'l, \lc'" ::-l,n, Yen' foolish one. Ofcourse the sboulder i5 co\'ered ::t1l the same, because you can fix the tip of the bandage tbat co\'ers the shoulder, but .the is not supported.

(ll) The knot is to be on the StllJl,' Side as the,lllJ my, and should come so tbat "'hen the tip of the band3ge 15 folded O\er. the knot is completely hidden.

II I.-THE HIP BA)111AGE.

Tbis resembles the shoulder bandage and the same puints in its application ba\"e to be attended to.. ,.

(A) .\pply the folded bandage to "encIrcle body L nle.s5 YOli do, it is impossible to keep the point of the hlp CO\ enng band1ge Il1 pbce whilst you are fixing it off,

(B) Fold" in" the lower border of the thigb b::tnd:lge,

(c) Place" the knot" of tbt body encircling bnndage "on tbe s::tme side as the injury." Pbce it so it can.be. co\,ered?y the. deflected tip of the bandage nround the hlp. Thl5 IS a. Important point to attend to. as were the knot to be in the mIddle of the back, or on the opposite side, bo\\' eQuId the patiem lie. lIe cann?t lie the injured side, and if the knot is on the bark or the sound SIde, to lIe on either is impossible, with :1. knot sticking into one.

1·\T,-THE BA:\D..1"GE FOR THE CHEST OR BACK.

After laying the bandage point up,\"ards,. and across either one or other shoulder, and on cbest or back accordl11g as deSIred, proceed ns follo\\'s :-

(A) Turn the lower border of the bandage" inwards," not outwards.

(13) Fold it lip by narrow turnings until" half" the band::tge is rolled. up. C nless you do this the bandage ends will ne\'er meet, so ::ts to have a sufficiently long end to tie it off.

(c) When applied to the Clh'st, tIe the ends of the banLbge neIther the side nor at the back, and for these reasons If the knot IS placed on the side of the body beneath the nrm piL how can the patient sleep or lie on that side wi th a knot pressing on the ribs? In t,he. sa.me way, place not the knot of a chest bandage at tbe back, for IS 1m possiole for the patient 10 lie with a lump!n tbe midell,e of hIS back, between his shoulders. Place the knot "neIther at the SIde nor on the back but at the junction of tbe back ancl the side," that being a. p::trt the patient cannot lie on. One ne 'er can lie diagonally unless propped up by pillows.

18 9 7.J

(11) '''hen hC11d good. the bandnge is ::tpplied to the back, the same points The knot must " nl)t" be tied o,er the front of the chest, otherwi e the pOller is obstructed by the cOnstllctJOl1 to employ to bring the b::tndag-e ends togetber. ::\"or can tlJe bandage be fastened on the side beneath the axilb. for the reasons memioned aboye. The rule holds for Ihe back ns f(lr the chest: Tie the knot neither on the frol1I of tbe cbe t nor at the ;:ide. but on tbe line betlYeen the fwnt and side of the bod\ Thereby the chest is free to expand. and t1;e p:ltient can lie vn either side.

I n some p::t ns it is ad I isa hie to place a ., knot so that it will. IHlder certain eirCUI11stance, gi\"e i,/colwenience. TImson ending ;1 foot always place the knot 111/,1..,. the loot. so that should the p1tient lIalk upon it, the knot \\ill hun him and thereby keep him quier.

1RaU\\,a\? BIUbulatlcc.

BIR)lI:\GH.>,,:\I RAILWAY DIYISIO:\') - The ninth annu::tl dinner of (his Di\'ision was held at the Black -I\'an Hotel Bromscyro\'e about se\'entr l11emhers and friends being present, ".ere .\l,r.. James Bo\\ ker (I!resident), Dr. T. Barnard Gould 01 Ihe dl\"lSIOn). :'I1essrs. J. bold, J, AII:::ebrook, F. Gilben, T. TIolden. J, Dudle,i' (hon, secretary), c'C. During tbe e\ening- tbe cenificntes g-ained by the members of Xo 10 cbs", and the medalliL)ns to ten other members who had passed the third examination were presented. fhe team, \\ho recently succeeded in winning :he _-\mbubnce Ch::tlleno-e -hield. was \\"::trmly. congratuLt ted by their colleague". and e::tcb \I::t5 prestnted, amId much el1lhusiasm. with a medal (sill'er \\ith g'old centre) :11Y::trded by tbe Ambulance Brigade Committee, Dr. spoke of tbe great del"l)tion manifested by Ibe members in sacrifil'ilw their leisure time to ;.cquire the instruction. and complimented them the many good results Llf their tre::ttment in renderin cr first aid GI{E.>"·T RATL\\ .-\Y,-:'Ilembers of first and second classes in connection \lith the of this Comp::tny, Peterborough, successfully passed theIr e:\.;1nllnatiOn on the qth inst. The first class passed the thild ;Ind final eX<1minatiL111, and are tberefL)re entitled to \\e::tr the med;dlion. The secund class "'ill obtain re-ex::tmination youchers. During the ::tutuml1 Dr. Eashy has O"i\'en the classe3 ::t series of ambul.\llce leCtures, illustrated b\' Lintern (sho\\n by the ecretary 01 the rlas es, :'Ilr. p, Rus3ell), I\hich ha\'e been grea tly n pprecia ted. losno:\, BIUGHTO:,\ ..1,,;-\11 SOl."TH COAST RAIL\\".>"y,-The ::t1111U::tl in_pection of the CrossDi\isiOl1 \\":15 held on Sund.l\', c;th Un by the Deputy COll1mi siL)ner. Colone! Bowdler, ::tt the" ::tJjoining the ::\"ew Cross Stntiol1, The Colonel I\as accompanied lw Chief .\Iorgan. .-\fter tbe inspection, the men were put through their drill by Smith, and Colonel BOI\"dler addres.eel the men, remarking that the Di\'ision \las L)ne of the in rhe Brig::tde, and they had nothing to fear in competition from any other di\'ision in or out of London. lIe" as pleased to see the men had de\'oted so much of their time (0 make themsehes efficiel1t in this mo noble \York, especially as this \las all done \'olunt::trih'.

F, IIanupp, chnirman of the di\'ision, then took the cbair, ::tl{d Colonel BOI\"dler pre.ented Dr Hargre::t\'es, HOll. Surgeon to the Dl\'ision, on behalf of the members of the first ::tid \Iith a handsome writing desk suitably inscribed, Dr. Hargre1\es suitably replied, thanking tbe Deputy Commissioner fOt, his "ery kind remarks and the men for their yery kind and useful present, '\lrs, Hargrea\'es then presented the Secretary, 011 behalf of the members, with a h.mdEome dock, and :'Ilr. Sidney J. 'Yest suitably returned i\Jr. '\". H. l\Iorgan. Cbief -uperintendent, addressed Lhe men, congratulating the L.B. and ,C. Railway dilision on making such excellent th::tt, if not the brgest, they were certainly one of the most ellicien di ,·ision in the Brigade, and he thouoht tha t ::\" e\\ Cross could congratulate itself on having in their midst such a body of men.

F. Everson proposed a \ote of thanks to the Deputy Commissioner lor coming down that morning, lI'hich was seconded by Dr. Hargrea\'es and pa seel amidst cheering,-,\ Concert in aid of Lhe Equipment Fund of the Division will be gi\'en on January 15th,

:\lmLt\)lD R.-\fL\\ AY,-. meeting of the men engaged on tbe Tottenham branch line of the R::tilwn), was held on Wednesday, D.ecember 9th, at 3.30, to consider the desirability of forming a Diyision ot the :\letropolitan Corps, St. John _\.mbubnce Brigade. The chair lias taken by Dr. '\[unay ::tnd Bligade Chief SUPl. 'Y J, Church ::tttended to explain the objects of the Brigade, fter:ln lI1t,eresting description of the lIork by the Brigade Chief an anImated discussion took place, and it w::ts decided to form a small committee La further consider the matter ::tnd frame rules to be submitted to an adjourned general meeting.

A I D. 151

,::\"ORTH FASTER:\, \L-\Y. -An excellent concert in connenion WIth .the Selby ::\ .r:.R. Br::tnch of tbe John .\mhubnce \\::ts hdd In tbe Pu':>lic Rooms on behalf of the Dl'rby There 11-15 a attend:lnce" and 1I1r. Coullcill0r tt pleslded, ?nd made a Ie\\' 5ympathetIc rem::trks on behalf ot, ,01 the .\ssoliation. .-\mong- those a.;sisting in the mUSIcal pel,lormnnce were-:'IIr.and :'IIi:", :'I[iss 10wse, el.,y). '\Ir. ,,·tlson. :'I[r. Strang'man :':-hannon. :'Ilr.alld and :'I Irs. ,Penry "\Ir. F. H. \\'ade(lIull), :'Ilr, and,:'IIr, :'Iii:" Cra\'en yery effil'ientlYaned'a:) ac,'orllpa nlst. "Dunag the e\'ening- :\1 r. .I. T, on, vi \ ork, distributed the cerlIhca.le;; and prize:, to the successful memhers l)i the 'elb\" \lhlch wel:e l'onductl'd by ])r. I(enny. :\/1. \Y. Britten a :\';Hded the ti0n '5 medaliion. During the e\'enill( an amhulance II ;IS g"ll"en sho\l ing rea tment for a ure,j and a ISl) fvr .1 IractureJ rib. The um of ls \\.15 sent tLl ,he Derh, Urpi1.ln;lge.

$t. 30hn tlll1bulancc BB50cintiotl.

HALL-On Tuesday, nec'emt-er 15th, an -\mbuial1"e :-oClable IUS held at Toyn'lee lbll ::\lrs. Barnett recei\'ed the CTUCSts In the sp:Ici'lU5 dining room, nnd the following bran.:hes oi work were lIell represented :-TL)ynbee Hall Di\'ISIL1n of the BrilYade Toynbee ::\" ursing Guild, First Ad CLlsee". and T o[ Life S;1\'ing C1l1Lln Barnett, in the course L)t ;1 fel\' \Illrcls vt welcome, introduced Charles EllIott. late GO\'ernL)1' L)i Ben'''a!. II h spoke of the ::tdlanLlges oi am\:>uiance \I'ork in [ndi;1 and Lady Elliott subsequently distributed med;dliolls .1l1d cenifi,,;ltes to tbe successful pupils. The g'lthering \\".1 bridl.'" addressed h" :'II r;:, Rll nett (President Tuynbee ::\"ursing Guild). :'Ilr5. 'tephen :'I1:lckenzie, :'11155 :'Ilak)ny (i.lte Guy's Hospital). '\li." :'IlulT.n (RichmonJ .:\ursllW Guild), Dr. ':::hullle\\orrh and '\Ir. \\"inn\'. Y)c;li and nHI;;i.:, refreshments and the phunolTraph: combIned Il1 make a \'eiT pleasant pa :3 quickly.

sixteenth ::tnnu tl meetinO" in \\'lth this held at the Council IIo113e: Lord'"'Leigh, Ihe pre,idem, OCl:UPYl11g the chair. There wcre also Dr. J, Co,lle Kneale; :'Iles-r". J. C, Lor,"!, J. R ,\. E. \\"right. ,,', .\L!pperle)", and.l. H, Rog-ers (hOI1, seclet;u-y"l -rhe ., First .\id" CL)111miuee repol·ted that t he work had de\'eloped to considera "Ie prL)purtil)J1;:, the number L1f ci;lsses held durinz.rhe p.\5t ye.H, liz. much larger than had been pre\'lously rcc )J"ded. Classes vt bon;l-hdc men had again been fee onh' sulhcient tocl)\'er the nece,s:lI\' ex penses incurred, the reductil)n i'l tile fee h;l\'i ng- been br<.Ye!\' t.I keil ::tLhantage uf b5' men Iyhose dll[ies \\"ere oiten \,hom the committee \I'ere to disseminate ambllianc'e kno\\ledge, '\'hile the year's I\"orking a of inc clme o\'er expenditure of 35. bd" the 311bsl'rlptions recei\'ed were [:>. ,:3, Ie's than last )"e:u. Lord Leigh, in n1L1I'ing the adoptiL)n of the repo'rt, expressed his :=:ense of the I aillable \YL)rk dOlle b\' the .\ssLKiatiun .\LI". Lord seconded the IIwtion, ;uld Ihe resolutiL1n lIas then adopted. Subsequently I.l)J"d leigh I\;lS re-elec,ted Eresident and :'ILr. Rogers hon, t'cret.ny, the cllstu:I1.1ry committees bt'ing appointed. \"otes of thanks \\ere to all tbe otllcer:; for their past 'enices, and tl) the hOlwr.uy medical lenurt'rs.

HEADLEY, det;1cheJ cbss for males l'ommenced l'n .:\o\'ember +(11, being helJ in the Institute .1. ,\, P,u"ons. Esq., :'Il.B lecturing. The class numbered ;lbLltlt I,'. and is ::t3sisted b,' grams fr0111 the llants (ounn' Coun,'il. .\ second cl.lss fur femaies held in the ScbL)olrouill under Dr. P;H';L)115. commencing on Tuesd:1Y .:\01 ember 3rd, 'gl), There I\'ere r:; members in the chus. On Tuesday, Decembt:r r29b, of the ahol'e cI::t 'se' I,ere ex.unined b\' Dr. Russell. oi Guiklfurd. I; male candid::ttes themsell'es 'fl)r + fvr first course, ::tnd 13 re-eul11ineJ. Dr. Ru<sell spoke well oi the pLll,tical 1\L1I"k of tbis class. I fenule candidate5 pre:3emed themseh'es fvr the ('0 urse Kl:\GSLEY, H.\:\TS -This \ illag-e Ius embr;lced the adlantages of the grants g"l\'en L),\" the Ibnts Cuullcil and l.1ken lip firs\ aid. fhrough the energies l)f :'Ili;s LusitinO"ton a detached ria;::; \1,15 stal"lt'd in the L)n ::\"uI'eml1el yd, b,' Dr. .J r.n'ons, oi '(andford. The cla'5 numbered about lb. Dr. Ru:;:ell, of examined the class on \\'ednesday, n"ct'mbcr 9th, and it is hoped they \\ill bale ::t very successful re lilt.

:\"OR\\'OOD.-,\n interesting- cercmon\' in c,)nnection with thl' ahu\'c, toL)k place in the Ct'nt;·;d Hill, l'pper ::il)lIl"l)l)d. e,'ening, the o('ca;:ion h"ing' the tatk)n c)f the prize to the \I inning te;ull in the ('ompetitil)n held at tlil' CITstal Palace on October 30th, The CompetltiL)n \1,1;: betW<.:t'l1 laii"ay l11t'n. The presentatiL)n \las made by Colonel C. \\'. B. BOl\"d(er. II ho, during the course \'er} interesting ;lnd speel'b, an10unct'd the con;:ent L)I head-qll::trters to the lurmanon 01 a Di\'ision in tbe Centre, the S:ll11e W be de'lgn:1ted anj knol\"n as ,he Curps. :\"orl\ood Dil'ision, \\ith i\Jr. E. R. Goodllin as its superintendent.

st. jobn Bll1buIance :fJ3rigabe. CORPS

[T has been arranged to give a course of lectures by the Surgeons to the Corps throughout the year, on the third Thu rsday 111 each month, the one in January is to be given by Dr. Black Jones on • we owe to Sanitary Reform." The second in February will be gIven by i\Ir. S Osborn (Chief Surgeon of the Metropolitan Corp s on "Structural Anatomy." As these lectures will be interesting and instructive, it is hoped that the members of the corps who have privileO'e of hearing them will attend in numbers and show theIr appreciation..

THE members of the :\I etropolJtan Corps, who have bee n un dergolllg in struction in the yarious methods of lirting wounded men from ho rseback were in'pected on December 13th in the grou:lds of the Char'terhouse. The men were put through the drill by Surgeon·Captain Rawnsley,the author of the drill; the various exerc ses were very smartly perfo rmed and proved very interesting to all those pref ent, amongst whom we noticed Col. Sir Herl:ert C Perrott, Bart., Rev. J. R Bedford, Deputy fn s pector General i\latthew Coates, Col. Bowdler

Commissioner '0. 1 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade ), and Brigade

Chief Supt. W. J. Church Brasier. At the conclusion of the drill Sir Herbert Perrott thanked Surgeon-Captain Rawnsley for his kindn ess in instructing the men in this drill, and regretted that many members who would have been present \\'ere unavoidably absent i\ r EMBERS of the Transport Service of the Brigade will be pleased to learn that the removal of Dr. Jameson from Holloway o n his release was entrusted to Head Quarters, and both the authorities and" Dr. Ji;u's" friends unite in expressing satisfaction at the quiet unostentatious way in which it was effected. F irst aiders of all shades of opin ion will be ghd to learn that the Doctor is progressing favourably, for whatever fault he may ha\'e committed in the Transvaal coup, we one and all re cognise him as a gallant gentleman and one of thoE e who have done mu c h in this the nineteenth century to uphold and maintain the suprem ac y of the Empire and the British Flag.

ST. JOH:-I'S GATE, ?\O.2 DIVISION.-The weekly meetings of this Division have been discontinued during the Christmas h oliday seaso n, but it is proposed to resume them on Thursday, January qth, 18 97, when the Division meets as usual at 8.30 The first meeting will take the form of a social gathering, better understood, perhaps, as a Smoking C o ncert, and the officers cordially invite brother officers from other Divisions to be present, with a representative few of their member s, when their society would be appreciated. It is a m:ltter of regret that at Heild Quarters' accommodation is so limited, as the No. 2'S would like to see eVl!lyborly, if it were only possible, but a merry half-dozen or s o from each division with their SOllgS would be heartily welcomed; not in uniform. The Brigade Chief, Chief Superintendent, and several members of the Quarters' Staff, ha\'e signified tteir intention of being present.

PRO\'IKCIAL CORPS

AID. [January, 1897.

Dr. Evers made a few observations and sta ted that his next course of l ectur es on first a id would begin on Thursday, the 19th in s t. Th e Superintendent presented the cer tifi cates to members, and the interestin g alld in str u ct i \1 e proceedings closed wi h votes o f thank s to Dr. Evers and the Chairman.

I PS\ ICH.- The usual {ortnigh tly pract ices were held d uri ng November one for drill at the Drill Hall and the ot h er at H ead Quarters practice, &c. Hon. Surgeon Eades at the laUer practice gave a Lec ture on " 1n sensibi li ty," a very useful s ubject. The question of uniforms i s now un der discussion, and a special effo rt will s hortly be made to raise a fund to ass st those members who, h o ugh willing, cannot afford to pay the full cost of a uniform. A surprise of a n ag re eab e n at ure ha s been spr un g on the Corps, tbe M ayor F.T. Cobbold, E sq having contributed £5 towa rd s the fund. "Vhat a sp lendid example to the town. The Corps recently moved a serio u s case of fractured sk ull from the hospi tal to the patient's home.

POTTERIES DIVI SION. -A good attendance at dr'ill for the past month s reported P .C. Bayley, Boro' F orce, rendered first aid to a man who attempted s uicide by ctltting hi s throat. The patient was attended by Dr. Di ckso n and subsequently removed to the Infi rmary by Bayley on the am b ulance. P.C.'s Bayley and Bowcock and Bugler Marriott rendered aid to a man suffer in g wi t h a co mp o und fracture of the ank le, and removed the rase on the police amb ulan ce. On the 30th November, Sergean t vV ade rendered assistance to a youth named Moston, wh o had fallen from a wag-on in the goods station and severely cut h is face. On D ecembe r 3rd, P.C. Dockery gave first aid in a fracture case, the patieuli being afterwards removed to the Infirm ary by P.C.'s. Ba sford and Bloor.-LEYCETT DIVISION -Dr. M o rri s, Divioional Surgeon, conducted h is annlla l examination of the Ley c e tt Division on December +th. A satisfactory report has been re ceived. STOKE DIVISIO:\I.-·A most successful concert, in a id of the Uniform Fund ot this Division, was held on December qth in the Stoke Town Hall.

jfirst Bib 1Recol'b.

KINGSLEY, H ANTS.-On Saturday, D ecember 12th, a man nam ed Ralph, of Kingsley, met with an accident by fa lli ng on a hay knife, cutting his right wrist and severing the radial artery Pr ompt aid was at once given by :\lessrs. Page and Carter, both members of the recent First Aid Class held in this village. They arrested the hcemorrhage and took the unfortunate man to Dr. Parson's surgery, where he was attended to, the doctor complimenting their men on the s uccessful treatment of bleeding.

NOTICE TO OUR READERS

The present management are desirous of issuing the journal to our readers on the date named for publication viz., the 27th of each preceding month, to du this however It will be absolutely necessary to go to press punct ually. Will our various correspondents therefore send on their copy not later than the 20th of each mon th Several leading medical men have intimeted their willin gness to con tribute articles of interest to firstaider s, and it is hoped that the circulation of the journa l may thereby be largely increased. What we want however is more annu a l subscribers Will Local Sec retaries kindly help us in this manner. First-R.iders unab le to obtain the journal locally should apply direct. Subscr iption forms may be obtained on application.

TRADE NOTICE

The Trade will be suppl ed by Mr. F. BRETT, 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Hill.

WE beg to inform our readers that Volu mes 1. and II. may n ow be had. handsomely bounG. would prove suitable and appropriate Chnstmas ane New Year. s gIfts. P n,ce 5s. An early app li cation should be made to the Publisher, W. J. GOODE, 88, Clerke nw ell R oad, London, E.C.

The crepitus or grating produced by the ru bbing of the broke n ends of a bone together, is thoroughly understood as the chief sign or symptom of a fracture, and yet how different is it in reality to what was expected.

HoemorrhAge with the bright red spurting blood coming [rom an and .the purple blood welling up from a vein are quite characterIStlC accordlllg to the book, yet how different it is when we come to the real thing with arteries and veins all blee'ding profusely. Those several methods of arresting it are sufficiently well-known, and yet it is often the case that with the natural anxiety created by this tremendous outpouring of blood, you fail at the most c r itical moment because you have seen nothing like it lefore. Coolness, with well-directed is what is wanted. In other words, don't lose your head. Practice and familiarity beget perfect co ntr ol.

Th e term" traumatic harelip" how little does that indicate. Such a case at H3.mpstead Heath once seen would ne ver be forgotten. How it was treated by pins was in itself pec ul iar and probably not known before.

The minute and detailed reports of inquests in the public press was for a long time thought by me to be quite unnecessary, going as they do much more fully into horrible detail t.han there is any occasion for. But I have thought fit to change that opinion on behalf of my ambulance pupils I now always recommend them to read them, and to finally consider what first aid they would have rendered if they had been present at the time of the accident or occurrence.

1Reminiscence of 'tlUlork in tbe a lDa\?' s B111buIance Streets of 'JLonbon.

By SAML. OSBORl F .R.C.S., &c., Chief Surgeon Metropolitan C o rp s.

Letus takenowthe three interesting cases that were met with on that bank holiday. A b lood tumour on the scalp produced by a stick coming over the screen at the end o f a cock shy. An ordinary ambulance certificated pupil would not be a.ble to tell you what it was, or the reason for its formation. A ruptured blood - vessel pours some of its contents into the loose areolar tissue under the scalp The scalp is sufficiently loose to allow of its collecting in space ,and yet not so a::iherent that it is diffused like an ordinary bruise. The bleod contained in the cavity remains fluid, with the formation perhaps of some clotting at the circumference Cold and pressure will effect ually ca Uie absorption a nd the disappearance of the swelling.

BnnlI;:\fGHA:'>!

The monthly meeting of the committee of this Corps wa s held at the Chief FIre Station on December 1st, 1896. :\1r. W .'IIapperley (in the absence, through indisposition, of Mr. A. R. Tozer), pre siding There were 120 cases of first aid reported for the pa s t month, from fi\ e divisions. Gilbert brouO'ht UD the fina:1cial report o f the late co mpetition for the challenge shield, which, alth ough not quite completed, already shows a balance of receipts O\'er expenditure of over £12.

BO UGHTON DI\'[SION. - On Monday evening last, a public meetinO' under the au spices of the Boughton Di vision of Lhe St. John _A..m Brig:lde, was held in the old Mission Room, Boughton Street There was a very.g:o'Jd Th.e Rev A. A Newport, Superintendent of the DI\ lslOn, the chaIr, and :-ead a letter from Lady Dawes (wbo w,:-s.to have clIsmbuted the 21 certificates gained by the members of the Dl\'lslOn), regret that both she and Sir Edwyn S. Da wes, Pres Ident of the 1)1\ ISIOn, were una ble to attend, and enclosincy £1 for the funds, \\'ith their best wishes for the future success of the Division. Letters were al so read from the Re\·. J. A. Boodle, Vicar of the parish, and Dr. Scatchard, Hon. Surgeon of the Division, bOlh of whom were unavoidably absent. The rev. Chairman then made a few remarks with to. ambulance work in general and the formation of the Boughton Dl\'ISlOn In parlicular. He also referred to the success ofth is Division at :\1aid s tone, in the open competition for ambulance classes held K.ent: They gained the first pr ize of £5 in the junior division, the '\:ll1I11ng team bell1g composed of the following :- T. C. Gray (m charge of te:::m) Arthur T. Castle, Henry E. Hams, P ercy Mil es, and Charles Smith. The report. of the judges on their work was as follows ;-" A spec.JaI word of praise is due to the team from Boughtonunder-Blean: [hIS. team had ev idently paid great attention to the ambulance InstructIOn they had received, with the result that their first, aid work was decided 1y above average." After the Chairman s remarks twelve members of the Division gave a demonstration in fibt aid, and each other according Lo C3se as descrited in label 01.' each 1 hen the of fiv.e, gave a specia exhibitIOn of stretcher work, Imp rovIsed seats, and art ifi cial re spira ti o n.

BO UGHTON-ACCTDE:--<T ,\'ITH A CAKE CRUSHER.-On Tuesday morning last , as a lad named Frank Carter was engaged in grinding oil cake at :V]rs. Coe's, Brenley Farm, his right hand got caught in the cogwheels, with the res ul t that the first and second fingers were severely crushed. First aid was rendered by Mr. T. C. Gray, a member of the Boughton Ambulance Di\ ision and the lad was conveyed by Mrs. Coe's wish to Dr. Gange's surg-ery, where he received the requisite treatment. I was found nece ssary to amputate part of one finger; the other be in g sewn up. Carter is now going on satisfactorily.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as pr ovided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assuranc e Association, Ltd. Head Office :-24, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. L ondo n Office :-64 , MOORGATE STREET, LONDON, E.C. T o whom notice of C laim s under the following conditions must be se nt WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable to Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ireland

MANY of r eaders of th is paper volunteer for. duty in the streets on the occasIOn of Lord Ma yo r s Day, Bank HolIdays, or when some to. pass by to call together great crowds of people.

TheIr actIOn IS a most praIseworthy one and highly to be comme nd ed.

T.hey sacr ifi ce, a day's pleasure if it be a public holiday and so m etimes

gl\,:e up a day s work pay [or the purpose of being ready to render rellef to any s u fferer who may ask for assistance. A St. John Amhu-

L:nce division on duty at some open space h as now become a familiar

Sight to hohday folk: Few probably of the g-eneral public think of the trouble and self·del11al these men and women have aone throu O'h for benefit. Others realise it and of these many that th:y are pal0 for they do, .as.otherwise they think they would be fools to do It. l!npald la bour IS 111comprehensible to the paid la bo urer. More credit. It IS.to those do what they get next to no credit for.

A greenstick fracture can only occur in a young chi l d, where the bones are still in a cartilaginous condition. It is bent not broken, and therefore that characteris:ic symptom of crepitus which you a 5sociate with aU fractures is absent. This case occurrin g in the fore·arm, how did I treat it? "W ith splints, of course, but not" setting it" in the u sual acceptation of that term, as there were no broken ends to bring directly in contact. Forcible bending of the bones back again into place wi th the application ofsplintswasresolted to so as to give rest to the part whilst repair was taking place with the bones in their natural position.

Separation of the epiphysis or line of growth is very similar to with deformity in the shaft and pain anJ swelling at the of l.nJury, and yet here again n o crepitus The ce?t ral .shaft or dIaphysIs. of a long bone is separated from eitherend or epIphySIS by a layer ofcartdage in which growth takes place and th e bone is lengthened. bony end with the ca r ilage attached slips away from the central po:tlOn and yo u ha ve separat o n o f t he epi physis. The prp sence of the carttlage prevents the grating together of the separate d ends, and the fact of ,Youth of the patient at tbe period of growth must allow for the posslbdlty of the in jury

£1

0D

ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tn e above In suranc e Company to the Legal represent a tives of any pe rson k illed by an accident to the train in which t.he deceased was an ordinary pa ssenger, or who shall have been fatally inj ured thereby, should death result within 24 h ours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the per so n so killed o r fata lly injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the c urrent m ont h, containing this Coupon legibly s igned with his or her u s ual sign ature in ink or pen cil, both time and signature being of the essence of the cont ract.

Address

Thi s Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by a ny

ThiS d?lI1!,; duty ll1 the streets of London is the main object o f the ;VIetropohta n of the St. J oh n Ambulance Brigade, and to those members who do not sQ attend I would say that t heir mission is rather to belong to .an l\ss?ciation ce ntre than to a B rigade. What they lose by not atte ndlOg It IS now my desire to show Th ose who are desirous of learning som e of the practIcal working of first aid in distinction from what t.hey le arn [r om books find su ch duty invaluable. Pra ctical knowledge IS 111 a ll th In gs, but more especially i n dealing with accidents, ten times more us ef ul th an that knowledge obtained from books or lectures.

All of our when on duty are, I am sure, ready and willing to teac h yo u somethl!1g from eve ry case that comes under your n ot ic e a nd a s pe cial delight in making clinical observat o ns a ll cases With whIch we may h ap p e n to meet. Some of tbose wi t h whom I acted have been surpr i sed at the erroneous ideas th ey h ad preVIOusly bel:! as resu lt of only book knowledge. Others again find how.defi cle nt their wa s with r eferenc e to tbe variety of cases whIch come under their notice. Does the text book teach them what a bloo.d tumour o r s m ea nt by a greenstic k fracture, or bya separatIOn of an e plphy s S? One ba nk h ol iday at Hampstead Heath sh ow ed them all three.

Such were some of our accidents. Many may say that it was an exceptionally good afternoon. Nothing is so likely as the unexpected. \'\Tha t occurred once may occur again. Avail yourselves of e\'ery opportunity of going on duty, and if possible with a surgeon in attendance, and then doubtless you will learn much. T o those ,,·hom much is given, much will be ret a in ed.

As illustrating the pr:;.ctical u se to whi ch the b icy cle may be put followinO' account of a bicycle accident, taken fr om the Y ork AEedzcal Record is of interest: One of the first to reach the un co n sciouswhe.elma n was a p ol ceman (on hi s wheel ) Acqu ainting the s er io us nature of the case he immediately remounted and sent m. an ambulance call from the n earest box. Before the spectators had tIme to r ealise that any proper steps were being ta k en, a with the red cross of his calling upo n hi s sleeve arrived ul? on hiS bicycle and took charge of the case, while the ambulance to v.:hlch he belonged followed with the lesser speed of horse-power propulslOIl.

jfract urcs. (III ).

By CHIRL"RGUS. [ALL HIGHTS RESERVED.]

To the Readers of" First Aid."

SPEcr AL FR.\.CTCRES.

Skull. Injuries to the head are of special interest to the surgeon O\\"ing to the peculiar and dangerous symptoms are caused by the brain sustaining some kind of damage whether It be temporary or permanent. The subject is so large and comprehensi 'e that it s quite possible to devote a considerable :lmount of time in discussing it , but as I am at present concerned only with fractures, I wish to draw your .1ttcntion to two yarieties of fractured sk ull wh ic h you are likely to meet with, fmcture of the vertex or upper part of the skull and fmcture of the base or lower part.

Fractures of the \'ertex :lre usually ca us ed by direct yiolence, s uch as a blow on the head, or by falling on the head, and then you will find that the fracture is compound, probably with a piece of bone driyen dQ\m on to the hrain, causing immediate insensil'ility. \Vhen a frac· ture, howe,'er, is a simple one, it may be the result of direct yiolence but is generally-caused by a form of indirect yi olence, ca ll ed "contrecoup," a term meaning that the effects of :l blow on the skull are felt on the oppo-ite side to that on which i t is recei,'ed, for instance, a person may fall down on the back of his head and he would probably ha 'e his skull fractured in the region of one temple or the front part o f the h ead I only mention this in passing so that you may hal'e some id ea o f the m:lnner in which some of the curious fractures of the sku ll a re produced. Fractures of the base of the skull are usually supposed to be caused by contrecoup, but they may al50 be caused by the p:ltient falling from a height on to his feet. or by a fracture on the side of the h ead extending do\yn to and across the base.

The signs of fraclure of the skull are altogether of a different kind to those found in fractures of the Ii m bs, owing to the sphel i cal shape of the skull and to its enclosing the great nelTOUS centre, the brain and th e danger that arises is owing, not to the fracture itself, but the injury mat is caused to the brain, either by laceration of its tissue or extrav a sation of blood on its surface. If tbe fracture be compou nd with a fragment driyen down on to tbe brain, tbe nature of tht injury " ill be apparent, and the patient will probably be insensible. If the fra cture be a simple one im'ohing only the yertex or upper part of the sku ll, there may be absolmely no sign whatel'er (if the brain be uninjured) to indicate to you or the surgeon the nature of the mischief. There may be only a little giddiness or temporary in sensibility, such as you get in concussion, which off in a few minutes leaving the patient apparently little the worse for his accident. ,Yh en the base of the skull is fractured we ha\"e to look for symptoms of a different character, as it is of course quite impossible to get at it in order to examine it. If a person, after a seyere injury to the head, h as some blood extravamted into the tissues of the obit, or beneatb the conj un ct o n (s kin) of the eyeball, or there is continuous b leed ing fr om th e nose, or there is bleeding from one or both ears, or a thin watery discharge fr o m one or both ears, \ye mar then reasonably conclude that there is a fracture some" h ere in the base, and the blood either from a small artery or a \'enous SO Ul ce is trickling through tbe fissure into the tissues outsid e the skull. If i should happen tbat the blood cannot get through this crack and so escape from the interior of the we find another set of symptoms-the blood,acculllulates wtthm the skull and forms a clot increasing in size, producing in time comp lete in sensibi lity and deat h. Let me giye you one or t\\O instances that have occ urred in my oll'n exper ien ce , I was called once to a young man who was in se nsible haYing been ill [or a day or two, there \\·as.no:woun.d or external injury, and I could not acCOunt for It. On questton mg hI S m ot her she said she believed he had slipped the curb one night a few days before when in the c?mpany of a fnend, but he l\":llked afterwards and see med quite nght. I was unable to gIve a certIficate of the cause of death and at the post-m ortem examination discovered a fr acture runnino the temporal bone, and a large clot of blood pressing on th e In another case a man came home from business as u s ual in the eyeninO" and on going down h e area steps to the kitchen fell and struck head, he went in and had hi s tea, but in a few hours became in sens ihle and died in the morning-, At the post-mortem examination th ere was a fracture of the base of the skull with a large clot.

The of fracture the skull is s impl e. Any wound must be dres:;.ed anteseptlC dressmg, and the patient must b e moved to bosp.'talor hIS home all a or r ecumbe nt position, with cold water applIcatIOn to the head. "): ou WIll understand fr om the forpO"oinO" that it is .most essential in all hea.d that thc pati ent be care as soon po.sslble. IS your duty as first-aiders, even if there IS no apparent mIschIef, to ad vI se the patient to see k medical advice at the earliest moment, for many li\'es have been lo st owinO" to the doctor being called in when it is too late. A timely operation save many a valuable li fe.

B o nes of the Face. You may so metimes come across a case where a patient has got one or more bones of his face smashed, either

A ID [Fe br u ar y , 1897. by a fall or by something hitting his face such as the handle of a crane, The bones however that suffer the most frequent lllJury are th " se formtng the no se, O"enerallY the result of a blow from another 's first a id treatment in these cases is to attend to the bl eedlllg If there IS any wound, and then by means of pads of cotton wool adjusted to bandage and fix the parts WIth a T - bandage and You will find it r.lther difficult, but you must do the best you can, lea Vlll g to the surgeon the task of setting the properly Lower Jaw. The fracture of bo n e IS ,the result of dIre ct I'io len ce and is usually compound WIth a wound 111 the mouth. Th e injury is' easily r ecognise d ow ing to the di.s placement of the fragm.ents, but if the fracLure be in the condyle, that IS, at the upper and back part near t he jo int, you must exa min e carefully an.d then you find crepItus. The trt' atment is si mple-you must fix: the pw firmly agamst the upper ja w by t\\' o handkerchiefs o r a four-tailed bandage in the manner y ou ha ve bee n taught. There is just one p.oin t : in order to prev en he ban dages sl ipping, be careful that you tIe the ends of the two bandages oO"et her over the back of the head.

C oll a r-Bo ne. This bone is more often broken than any other bon e in the body, and is usually caused by indirect violen ce, SUC!l as on the hand or shoulder-it is one of the mo st frequent aCCIdents m th e football field. The flattening- of the shoulder, the inability to use the ar m a nd the manner in "hich the patient supports the injured arm with the in ord e r to take off .he weight, generally give suffi:ient e\';dence of the nature of the accident, besides being ab le to feel the inequality in the bone. Tbere are no compl icatio ns lik ely to occur in simple fractur e, but if it be compound and caused by a s ma shing bloll' on clavicle, you may get the subclav ian vein or eve n the first nb Th ere are "arious wa y s of bandag mg the arm and sho ulder 111 thI S injury as you will see on looking at the diffe rent text-books. and T do n ot knoll' that I ca n pi ck outoneas be ing sup eri? r t o the butwhlchel'er method you u se, take car e t h at the elbow IS Iyell ra se d and pr esse d back a little. P er sona lly I prefer the hand to be poil1led towards the oppos:te shoulder instead of being placed across the lower part of the chest. A rm. Fractures of the arm may occur at the upp er end near the shoulder joint, in the middle, or in the ?f the elbo\\' joint. Th ose at the upper e nd are very dtffi cult of and tl!a y be confounded with dislocation, and are best treated by SImply sltngll1g h e arm. Fractures of tbe middle or shaf of the bone call for rou r treatment in tbe shape of application of splints. In this for m of injury you will observe the u s ual signs of fracture, making the case ea s ily recoO" ni sed. A ,,'ord or t\\'o about tbe ff you have only two, them on the in side and o ut sid e, for you will then notice that an inch or t\l'O of extra length will n ot be an in con l'enience -pad them if necessary, but the clothes are usually sufficient-take care tha: th e i nside one does not press on the axillary artery, take care also that th e bandage round the lower ends does not press into the be nd of the elbow when the arm is bent, if it does you will have I'eno us co nge s ti o n of th e forearm. You must use the sma ll arm-sli.lg in this case so that the weiO"ht of th e forearm will hel p to kee p the bone in posi tion. Get someto apply moderate while you. are tying th e low er banda.ge.

Fr<lctures ro und the elbOW-JOInt are, I thInk, best treated by placlOg the forea rm in a s ing, because there is generally dislocation associated wi th it. If the fracture be not complica ted, y o u mil)' put on an angular splint, well padded, taking the greatest care tbat rou d o n ot increase the damage.

Forearm. ,Yhen both these bones are bro k e n you WIll have no difficulty in spott ing :he inju ry but if one on.ly is broken .it is n ot so easy. Be careful about tbe length of tbe splmts and that the outer on e reaches from the elbow to th e fingers, and the lll slde one from the bend of th e elbow tJ the pal m of the hand, p<ld them if po ss ible-whilst putting them on, see that the thumb is kept and that extension is used if needful-and before you put on the slll1g obsen'e that the bandage n ea r the elbow is not too tight ,wd does not with the ci rculation. A large arm sling must be used so as to gl\Te support to the whole of the forearm.

W rist. There s a fracture of the wrist called" Colle s F r acture," which is often see n, and is ca used by falling on the hand: The lower end of th e radius is broken, and is forced backwards wltb the hand, giving it a curious appearance whi ch is unmi stakable. The first .aid you have to render in this case is to put a II ell padded splmt reachlllg [rom che forearm to the palm and bandage carefully. You would not be wise in attempting to reduce tbe is the surgeon's Finger s In fractures of the hand or hnger s, all you have to do IS to place a well padd ed s plin t on the palm ex:tending from a bove the wrist to the ends of the finger s and fasten on with a bandage.

I pswICH.-:'v1essrs. Ransomes & Jeffe ri es h a ve just given a first aid class to their employes. For ty -eight joined the cla ss , thirty-six of whom a ttended every le ctur c:, and only eleven mi ssed one. The ect urers were 1\1r. G. S. Elliston and :'1r. Francis Ward, IIou se Surgeon at the H os pitaL The examinations are to be held shortly. Another class is al so going on at the Ipswich So cia l Settlement, the lecturer being Mr. Fryer. Both t h ese classes hal'e had extra lectures and special practices besides.

F eb ruar y, 189 7

,J F I RST

St. John Hlnbu[anc e Bssociatio n.

BRYNlIIAwR.-On Saturday, the 19th Dec, hst, at Brynmawr Railway Station, a large gathering took place "to witn ess the presentation of certificates and medal;; to the s uccess ful st,udents who had been instructed by Dr. G. H, Browne, J.P. :'1r. J <;>f bergaven ny, district manager took the ch.alr, and gave an 1l1terestl.ng address, and the n presented 18 1St certificates and fiye 2nd ce rtIfi cates _\ presentation of a mar ble clock wa s the_n made to Dr. Browne.

BJR:\lT\lGHAi\I A:\IB ULA:-< CE \\ ORK. - .\lderman Hart presented the medals won in a re cent ambulance competit ion in Birmingham the a us pices of the l.oeal centre of the Sl. J Ambu.lance _ the procee dings takIng place at the ,Central hre Lpper Pn o r)"

Among those pres e nt were Dr. Pnce, Dr. JU orn son, Mr. fozer (chief of the fire brigade), Superin tendent Beck (H andsIYorth), :\I essrs. F. Gilbert, H. J Livingstone, \Y. Adlard, and J. R. Stamp (h?n. secretary, Birmingham Brigad e). Ald.erman. IIa rt, who pr.eslded, saId as an incentil'e to promote profiCIency 111 tbe rendenng of fiLst :lId to the injured, the B rigade of the Corps of the.St. John Ambulance 111 189 + lllVlt ed subscn pttOns from the publtc [or the pu rpose of a \\'h ich be competed for annually by these\'eral dIVISIOns 111 BlrL11Ingham. 1 he r esponse was generous, and a sterlin a si lver challenge shield, valued at £50, was provided. On this occasi;n the shield was won by the R ailway squad, the second honours bei n o O"ai n ed by the Severn Str eet class, who were ninth in the competition .t'8g +, sixt h in third honours dil'ided betl\"ee n the CIty Pollce and the Great II estern RaIlway, anJ It was for the purpose of distributing the med.als to t he respective squads that present meetino- was h e ld, The Chatrman Iyent on to make sympathetic allusion to the"'loss II hi ch the movement had su stained by the death of the late postmaster (.\Ir. IV-right), who, he said, was present on the occasion of the last competition The medals were then presented, and subseq uently Dr. Price proposed a vote of thanks to the chairman. Thi s was secon ded hy Dr. :\Iorrison, and cordially adopted.

CHELMSF ORD.-.- course of lecture3 on first aid has j list been completeJ at the electrical en gineering of i\ Iessrs. Crompton &. C?

The lecturer wa s Dr. Erne st E. L e WI S, of Chelmsford, I\' ho gal'e hIS services O"ratuitous ly , :'11'. \ V. p, Whiteh ead, of the 'Yorks Department at"' :\[ essrs. Cromptol1'S, acted as secretary, and instructed the class in bandaging and stretcher work, Kearly sixty the course, thirty-four of whom presented themseh'es for eXamll1at lon. _ At the concl u sion of the last lecture :'11'. S. L Brunton, the \\ orks manager, thank ed Dr. Lewi s on behalf of the men for bis very interestina and useful discourses.

IpS\YICH.- Two practices were held dur; ng Dece:llber, one for drill the otherat Head Ouarters. lI on Surgeon Fryer gayea lecture on "Circulation of the whi ch was much appreciated, especially his kindly thought in brinO"inO" a heart, whi c h made sel'eral matters much clearer. :'\ Iiss Co ulcher,'the"'l oca l 11 on Sec., ha s given £s towards the uniform account; how good her, not only to gi\'e up a tremenclous lot of time but to h el p in. finan ce so substa:1tially. regret to annoUl:ce resignation of In specto r of S cott o\l'lllg to til he:llth, \\ e WJsh him a speedy recovery. J. \\'oods has been promoted to t.he vacancy. Attendances haye not been large, members hardly recogl1lse holY enco uraO"inO" it is to officers to see big musters.

LrvERPoo'L CL\ ss. -A meeting of this class was held on ,Vednesday afternoon, De c. 2yd , at the Cer.tral Lirerpool, for the purpose of distributing certificates and medalllOns to the successful mem bers of th e class, and also to present to Dr. Ll ewe llyn L\'I organ a si lver tea-pot in recognition of. t.he 'ery higb status to whi c h tbe class had reached through the untIrIng energy he has deroted as the inStlll ct or 1\ [ r. Meldrum the manager of tbe Cheshire Line s in a sh ort speec h show ed how successful the class had been, as 28 went up for examination! and all been successful. Mr. Meldrum then flr oceeded to dlstnbute the certlOC:ltes and medallions. After the di s tri buti o n , :'lr. M eld rum sa id he had a \'ery pleasing duty to perform on be half of the members of the cbss, yiz., to ask Dr. Llewellyn Morgan to accept a slh'er tea-pot as a mall souvenir of his connection wi th the ambulance class Dr. Llelyellyn Morga n, in Ireply, thanked all wh o had subscribed to'lards the valuable present He p o inted out th at had been about eIght cla sses but still .here must be some o ut s tandlllg membels yet, and he kn ew wa s a wish of [\ [ r. Meldrum and the Cheshire Lines Committee that the class should be e ffi cient in ambulance work, oecallse the PIOfe ssio n that they followed wa s sLlch a one. that they did n ot know the minute that t.heir knowledge III tir st aId mIght not be require d. In conclusion, Dr. Llewell ) n tha nked the and Mr. Meldrum after hal·in a sa id a few words 111 recognltlor. of Police-con stable Griffiths' in connection with the class, the proceed n gos term ina led. .J

NOl{THAMPTO:'ol -Cla sses have been or are being held at N orthampton, Far CottOn, King sthorpe, llarding sto n e , Stoke Briell1e and Spratton. Seven are for men, lnd the attendances amount to I(1g, of wh om lIS h ave attended examination. In thr ee classe3 all \\"h o were examined passed. The re sult of the other examinations is yet known. One class for adies has been helcl at 1 orthampton, WIth an

AI D. 155

of t\l'enty five. It is intended to hold a public meeting at tbe l own HalL Northampton, early in 189/, when tbe certific:ltes will be presented to the successfu l G..1.ndidates.

XO RTH K-\STER); RAILWAY CF);TRE.-TheabOl·e Centre held their h,alf-yearly in the York Railway Institute, loth January, :'1[1'. 1·. Penty, chaIrman of the Council. The gener:ll secretary (:'Ilr. Geo. Jack.son) his half-yearly report, from I\"hich we take the follO\nng partlculars:- That during the six months ending 3I..IS96, r6 had been formed at the following places __ :'IItl f..:'rd Carlll1 How, Heaton Junction, Tyne Dock, Stillington, :' larket \\elgh ton, Hull , Pocklington, Gateshead, \Yillington, Durham, T,,:eedmouth, Starbeck, : \m ble, Chesrer-I e-Street, and SC0tswood, to whIch had been issued 260 books and bandages Examinations hall been h el d at .\lilford Junction, Carlin Hall', HeHon Junction, :\ e\\castle, Tyne Dock, and Stillington, at which S9 bad passed their first, IS their second, and 26 their final examinations, whilst onl\' one had failed to pass. Reports .of accidents attended to were not a Ii in for the half-year, recen'ed \I'ere as follows:--Darlington districl+3. :\ ewcastle dlSlrtCt I,), Hartlepool district 28, Bull district and York, 1;'6. 1. total of ; 05, making a total for the year of g'o. and the December reports \I'ere not yet to hand \ competition scheme "as then formulateu, to present to the general manager, in "'hich it is proposed to have competitions in each of the districts, to find the best team in each of the six districts into \\'hich the system has been di\'ided, after which the six best teams will meet at a gil'en placc to find the team on the Xortb Eastern Railll'ay. \\'hen that has been done, they lI'ill meet a team f"om each of the railways in the northern group of railways in England, to find the best team of that group, who will meet other four teams, from the " 'estern, \\'elsh, Xonh of the Thames, and South of tbe Thames groups,lI"ho will meet a t the Crystal Palace in :'Ihy or June of the pre,ent year to compete for a challenge shield, presented by the St. Juhn .\mbulance :\ssociation, to commemorate the longest reign JIl English history, I\hen it is hoped that the :\.E.R. team will bring the shield to the railway which has been the first to form centre of It lI as also decided to hold the annual meeting of the centre at York, in July next.

POTTERIES CORPS-XE\\'CAS""LE DII'ISlO:-\.-:\ sub·committ(e bas been appointed to arrange a ConceIt in aid of the Lniiorm Fund for this Dil'ision.-ROY.'\'L \ 'ISfT TO FE:-\TO);. The Potteries were on duty on J annary 5 th.- Til 0 courses of first aid lectures .He deli','ered at the Schools, Sandon, for men, commenced :'[onu:1.\" .hnt!:ll'\' 11th, 18g / , at 7 p.m,: for women, commenced on qth, at 4 p.m, Hon. Lecturer, Dr. Tylecote.

Tu);sRlDGE \\-ELLs.-The annual di"tribution of awards in connection ,,,itb the Tunbridge \Y ells centre took place recently at the Town Hall, Iyhen the platform II'as decorated with choice fl o lyers and a handsome trophy of flags, lent by the .\1 ;:.yor, \\·ho presided, :'llpP()rted by :'1rs. Francis Bisshopp, I\'ho presented the certificates, Dr. hopp, "II. H \Y. Tinne, Dr. Perkyns, Dr. Aylll':lrd, Dr. RlLtye, The .:\lay or fir5t thanked :'lrs. Francis Bissh.:>pp for coming to present the a\l'ards. During the P:ls t ye:tr the centre had done I'ery gooJ II·ork. They had h:ld a speci:1.lly good class of ladies, including a class, and the majority of the students had aained certificates. They had also branches at Pembury, Rusthall, Langton, and Groulllbridge (where they were much indebted to Dr. Battye) :\lrs. Biss}lOpp then distributed the prizes. The meeting concluded WIth Yotes ot dunks to Mrs. Bisshopp and the Chairman.

jfirst thb lRccorb.

BRADFORD.-_-\ rather abrmillg experience befel a Bradford man on 5th January. S:lmuel Thickett; 63 years of age, of Lister s Temperance Hotel, ] " James's Street, Bndford, h:ld occasion to t:l.ke. son:c meJicine and by mistake he took a dose from another bottle III sbape anJ size to his medicine bottle, but poisonous li quid used for embrocation pmposes. The effects. 01 thIS :1.t once apparent. The people of the house ga\'e to .C. Cruise, 11 ho on duty in the \·icinity, and Ilho happtly a of" first aid" prtnciples. Gnder the directions ot that oH1cer an was prepared and <ldministered, with the desired resu.lts, allli 111 the meantime Dr. Bell had been summoned. The meJlcal gt:ntlem<ln comp limented the officer, saying that owi ng to the prompt attel,tion which had been gi ven the patient had not re:lched a dangcrolls condlllon NOl{TILUIPT O);,-Th e cases 01' first aid rendered by this hal'e durinO" he last two months exceeded the al'erage, but fell' hal'e sl1o\I n unusual enough for special One case of n:an falling down :1. lift in a factory sustaining tracture the skull and thIgh was \'ery wrefully attended to by a of the Lorps. The matches of the t. .lam es (Rugby) F oothall Club bave been attended as by a detachment el'ery Ileek. f .he Club has set an exce!lent exa;1lple which mi O"ht be advalllaO"eollsly lollo\\'ed by many other l·ootball Clubs the country in that tbey ha\'e purchased a st l:etcber, aid b;x, and el'ery neces sary requisi.te for a? amb ubn ce stat.!on on then ground. The station has been admIrably titted up by th e Corps.

FIRST

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months, 1S. 6d ., post free, to be sent to the Publishers.

FIRST AID

FEBRUARY 1, 1897

The adyent ofthe ,,,inter months reminds us once more that the ea on of that AXD FOOTBALL truly British game, football, is upon us. Although this out-door pastime is not perhaps quite so popular as cric ket, yet in some di trict , e pecially the North of England, it has taken a great hold on the public and seems to be of such absorbing interest that a match between two crack teams will draw a " gate" of many thousands.

While football increases the muscular and staying powers of its devotees, and teaches a man to curb his temper under trying circumstances it is from its yery nature somewhat dangerous to the players (hence perhaps some of it s popularity), and can only be indulged in by athletic and robust young men Anyone who aspires to be a good football player must be prepared at any time for a fractured collar-bone or a broken leg, for we think nobody will deny that the game is somewhat a rough one.

It is owing to this liability to serious injuries that we desire to draw the attention of those who are interested either in ·watching the game or taking actual part in it to the necessity of having some persons present who are ready to render efficient first aid assistance. It seems to us that football, more than any other game, produces injuries resulting in some serious fracture, and of course all first-aiders know how important it is for proper assistance to be given on the field.

We are led to make these brief remarks in consequence of the recent football accident at Kettering, by which, unfortunately, a young man named Powell has just lost his life. On this occasion we are glad to learn that ambulance assistance was promptly at hand, and recognising the serious nature of the injury medical assistance was also at once requisitioned. '.lYe are glad to mention this latter fact as we understand that there have been some ungenerous remarks made as to the efficiency of the aid rendered by the ambulance men present on the field. That a doctor was called in and that he has taken no exception to the treatment rendered goes to proye we take it, that he was satisfied, in addition to which we that the chief officer of the Corps has received a letter the Director of the Football Team expressing the gratItude of the Club at the care and attention shown to their injured comrade.

We cannot conclude our remarks without a few hints to ambulance men doing duty on the football ground. In all see that a wound is promptly washed and antiseptIcally cleansed, and should there be the slig hte st doubt as to. the of the injuries lose no time in pro curing medIcal aSSIstance, for this is most important. One word m?re, when duty do not place yourself in too conSPIC;:UOUS a posItl.on, the players do not lik e it, neither do the ; 111deed, our advice to Ambulance Corps thIS duty would be, do so in plain clothes and not 111 umform.

AID. [February, 1897

1btnts on :fJ3anbagtng.

RELATn E to our article on the Triangular Bandagewe haye received a letter from a pro\rjncial reader, and om contributor has kindly favoured us with a reply. We are glad to note that our readers are keen On knowing the why and wherefore for any special treatment. It shows they take a warm interest in our columns

SIR, To THE EDITOR.

Will J. C. kindly explain why he is so emphaLic 1n his directions for the application of the Triangular to the chest, shoulder and hip, that t he turn should be ill aJ/d 1I0t Ollt as from experience I find that the turn out is the firmest. From the fact that th e border being the longest and receiving the greatest s train in knotting, it holds the b::\l1dage on which it is turned close to the limb and firm, wherea s, if turned in, il will often become a baggy bandage, especially if an old on e and the bo rder has got stretched. By turning in. the greatest tension naturally comes on the inner si de of bandage and may cut the limb, wbich is quite obviated by the outer turn. Again, the circumference on the out · side o f a bandage being greater than that on the inside, we should naturally, failing any specific reason to deter us, act up)n this natural fact and place the longest on the exterior.-Yours truly.

L. J.

February, 1897.J FIRST ®ur <BaIlcr\?

AID. 15,

over this month.

[REPLY.]

In answer to your corres pondent, concerning the plan of LUrn il g in the lower border of the bandage, independently of all questions of appearance anc neat ne ss, it must be remembered that the bandages on chest or back, hip or sh ou lder, are applied to retain dre ssings-in nine ca es out o f ten a poultice. It is therefore \,el y that the turn ing in the lower border of the bandage serves as a support to the dressi ng or poultice, acting as a band to prevent the dressing slipping dowl1. The argument advanced by your correspondent is \'ery ingenious, but tHe ext ra purchase gained by the plan o f turning out the borde r can be but infinitesimal, seeing that the only difference beu\'een tne tightnesE of the ou te r and inner lay ers can be but the thick ness of the calico bandage, in other \Yords bet \\'een and -lo of an inc h.- J. C.

IDrilI

VOLU:\TEER :\IEDIC.-\.L STAFF CORPS.

LOKDO

Orders by the Commandant, Surg. Lieut.·Col. A. T. :\ORTO:-\. Thursday 4th Feb., Elementary Anatomy Ith Elementary Physiology Surg.-Lieut. ,Yo E. :\1 iles.

25th " Pra ctica Dem onstr ation o n Surg.-Lieut. C. H. 18th H::emorrhage f II ::emor rhage with Ban- Gage-Brown. daging These Lectures will take place at He ad Quarters at S p.m.

A:.v1BUL.\r\CE SCHOOL Of< l?\fSTRUCTIO.\".

President :-:\IAJoR A:\,DRE\\, :\r.".CL URE, V.D., late L.S.R.V. Offic es :-7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C. Syllabu s of a course of instruction to be held at the head-quarte, s of the 20th ;\liddl ese x (.\rtists') R.V., Dukes R oad, Euston Road W. C., commencing at 8 p,m. on Tu esday, February 9th 1897, by permission of Colonel R. W. Edis, V.D., F.S.A., Commanding Artists' R.V. LECT URES :- Tuesday, February, 9th, Introduct ory Lecture o n the Skeleton, Joints and Muscles, at 8 p.m; Tuesday, February, 16t h Th e Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation. The Po s ition of the Visc era.Surgeon-Captain E. Hughes, London Rifle Brigade. Tuesday February, 23rd, The Lungs and Respira t ion.

EASTLOI DON VOLUNTEERBRIGADEBEARER COMPA0"Y

ROSTER OF D UTY, DRILLS AND LECTURES.-Feb. 1st , Drill, Sgt. 2 3rd, Lecture, The Bones, Joints and ;\[uscles, Surg.-Lieut. Tunstafl, Sgt. No.2 Sec. ; 4th, Bandaging Class, Sgt. ::'{ o. 2 S ec 8th, Drill , Sgt. NO.3 Sec.; loth, Lecture , Sprains, Dislocations, Fractures, and ,their Treatment, Surg.-Lieut. Tun sta ll, Sgt. N O.3 Sec.; lIth Bandging Class, Sgt. NO.3 Se c 15th, Drill, Sgt. NO.4 Sec.; 17th Lecture, The Heart, Blood Vessels, and the Circulation, Surg.-Captain ·Warwick, Sgt. NO.4 Sec.; r8th, Bandaging Class, Sgt. ::\0.4 Sec. ; 22nd, Drill, Sgt. No. r Sec.; 2+th, Lecture, The Treatment of Wound s and Hremorrhage, Surg.-Captain vVarwick, Sgt. No. Sec 25th Bandaging Class, Sgt. No.1 Sec. , ST. JOlIN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. POTTERIES CORI's.-List of Meetings and DrillS for Februuy, Feb. 5th, 7.45 p.m., Rye Croft School, Newcastle; 7th, 3 p.m., R ound f!0use, Stoke; roth, 7 p.m" Leycett; 12th, 7.45 p.m., Rye Croft School, Newcastle; 14th, 3 p.m., Round House, Stoke; 19th, 7.45 p.m" Ry e Croft School, Newcastle; 21st, 3 p.m., Round House, Stoke; 24th 7 p.m., Leycet; 26th, 7-45 p.m., Rye Croft School, Newcastle; 28th, 3 p.m., Round House, Stoke.-SvDNEY W. MALKIN, Chief Superintendent.

C:HIEF t)UPERINTKXDENT J OIIN PERRY, N ORTIIA....\lPTOX CORPS, ST . JOlIN AMBUlAXCE BRIGA.DE. T HE gentleman "ho e portrait appear in our Gculery this month i well blO\yn in connecti on with Ambulance wOl'k, not only in the neighbOUl'hoollofhisnatiYe town, but albo in the adjacent towns and yillageb. ami it i" a of 1'>0001e pride to hilll that he "'<IS the fil'bt pl'lwincial ortic:el' to be a::;soc i ,1 t eel wit h the ::\I etl'opoli tim COl'pS in connection 1\ ith Bl'igaae wOlk and thi::; a,:-;ociation hn;:, been maintained eyer since; indeed, it may be aiel that, next to hil'> own COl·p... the Metropolitan has ::\h. P el'lfs wanne::;t for the foundation stone of the friendship het"\Yeen him 'elf and the officers at H eacl QLlarters, wbich \\'as cemented at tbe first Camp at Iuswell Hill, bas been maintained eyer since. Tbe Annual Conference, YI-hich is no'" an important meeting in connection ,yith the "ork of the t. John Ambulance Brigade owe much to Chief Superintendent Perl'" inasmuch as he was one of the first to propose thit; gathering, and it was therefore out of compliment to him elf and his brother officers that the first meeting WQ held at Northampton In addition to his position as Chief Officer of one of the 1110, tim pOl'tant provincial COl'pS, :JIr. Perry has the control of the In,alid Transport en-ice in .xol'thamptOll, and in tbis capacity be is al,,-ays really for work, anll both hin: elf and hi ' men haTe earne d high encomiums from the medIcal men amI other::; who al'e conyel'::,ant with this brancb of our work Perry, lye lem'n, hat'; lleyer aspil'e(l to municipal honour. but it llla)- be mentioned that his fa ther wa ' one of the most r e:::.pecte d members of the To\\-n Council, and there is no doubt that much of Chief Superintendent Perry's bu::;iness-like grasp of Committee " 'ol'k, &c., was learned tUldel' the able tuition of his lnte father. Tbc1.t he may be spared for many years to aiel in fm'thering the work he loves so well, is a wish that will be echoetl bl all who know him, and the wish is one that he himself will heartily endorse.

OUR Gallery next m o nth will conta in a ponr:lit of Bria-ade-Surg-eon White, of the East Londo n Brigade, and \\'e shall also publtsh an Illu strated account of the East London Brigade Bearer Company.

Btnbulancc 'ij\llorJi in 1Hc\v Worli. [SPECIAL.]

HAV!NG recently returned from the United St ates I ha\'e again read W!th increased interest the articles in your issues of :'Ih)" June, and August last, on the above subject, more especially as I am indebted to your former contributor, .\Ir. J ohn C. Bra s ier, for a most interest ing and pleasant time at Bellevue II ospiL:lI, l\'"ew Yor k City.

As far as 1 could ascertain during a hurried visit to Xc\\' York there does n.ot appear to be an y orga nis:lti o n of iders there, ron seq uently, there IS no use made of the knowledge acqUIred by the members of the held there from time to time. The police are said to be in rendel ing first aid, but from what I heard, and in one mstance saw myself, their in structions appear to be to take the patient to the nearest chemist for treatment, if a light case, and, if serious, to telephone, the nearest hospital for assistance. The telephone is ubiquitous in America, and in l\'" ew York th ere are now so many hospitals equipped for transport and first aid service tha t it is caleula ted

that in case can a longer period of time th,n four minutes elapse from theyme of telephoning- till the transport, accompanied by a geoll, al n\'es at the scene of the accident.

\Yh en a is required for an accident or a removal, a bell rings SImultaneously 111 the stable and in the surgeon's room. One ring deordl.nary c:J.li, four ring,; a " hurry" ca 11. [n either case the dJ"l\'er ImmedIately mounts the box of the wao-on \\"hilh is read\, and dri\ uff picks up the surgeon and nlise ::-en route. "\t Belle\ue HospItal one wagon is .d\\ays !,ept in readiness, the hOlse being put to another as the one lea\'es the stable. Tn case ef a I. hurry" call a la.rge red cross (n night a red lamp) is fixed abo\'e the coach{112n. and WIth on .\mbubnce "-agons ha\'e the right of precedence o,er e\'erythmg except the :\l::tils and the Fire Brigade. and the police \\ill assist the dri\'ers accordingly. In case of fire s the \\'80-0ns do not attend unless called by police. .-\ tire call comists l,{'l\\,eh e bells. and with that. in the langu:lge of my courteous informant auess a hurr\' call isn't in it." - '"

C;ll.s are m,ade for transport cases from pri\'ate homes for \\·hich payment IS reqUIred. but the maJority of calb are. besides accidents, ie,r lhe remo\'al of the poor to the hospital, alsl) from one hospital to another, then [rom the \'arious dependencies to the ho-pit:tls, and at Bellevue. also. for_the remO\':11 of corpses to the cemetery. these being broug-ht by waLer tram the Island

The wagoDs med, now fitted with rubter tyres. ale \'en' primiti\e as compared with the IllXurioll:;: equipages uied by the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade, and I :l111 infJ rmed that the in charge (medical students \\"ould in our Eng-I ish ideas he a more 5uitable appelbtion),and theirassist:1ntsdo not distingui h thel11seh'e- b\ their tact. and pati('nce in healing a cas(-. :1nd do n ot use th:i't cale \\-hich P:lst e.\p:::riel1l e tells us we can e.\lle<:t from members of the Brigade

At Belle\'ue they ha \'e from t\\ enty calls:1 day upwards, the highest num ber of c:111s e,er receiyed in t\\ ent}-four h )urs h:nll1g een 16;. During the great heat of .\ugllst last as many as 101 calls for cases arising therefrom were recei\ed on one day (.-\ugust I nh).

,,\ \Yord abol't BeUe\'ue Hospital, which \\·ill compare with any of our large hospitals and hold its own. It is particularly Ln'ourably situated in its o\\'n grounds sloping down to the ri\'er. :lud g-i\'ing magnificent ri\'er \'iews from its windows. The \yards showed th.lt brightness and cleanliness, the nurses that cheerfulness and palients that contentment that \'isitors to \\ell-conducted kno\\' they are sure to find. I was particularly struck with the large numher of children there, mostly Italian. \,ho "'ere being treated for" Osteotomy," './!. tbe cure of bowlegs by breaking and reselling, and who were all apparently as happy and lively possiLle. Belle\'ue has also :l \'ery fine chapel and library, the gift of a lady, who, :lfter building and presenting it, was taken ill, and being anxious to see for herself how things \\'ere managed, was taken to this hospital and unfortunately died while there.

During my ramble I h:1d the pleasure of:ln iIHwduction to one of the gentlemen in charge, \\'ho "as much Interested in the \':1riolls particulars of the St. John :\mbulance :\ssociation and the BriO'ade I ga\'e him, :lnd \'err considerably astonished at the numbers of first-aiders and acti\'e members of the Brigade to be found in England.

\I too-ether ambulance stnice in .::\ew York is hig-hly efficient. and probably can a-i\'e us :l few points, nOl:lbly in their of calling assistance \"hen required. but in one respect we can claim precedence, and the O'entlemen at Belle\'ue were iorced to :ldmit that one point in our i" that \,rule our :\ e\\ York confrere:; are all paid sen'un ts of the municipality. we first aider,:; are content to our time, energ-y. \york and money in the good cause pro IIIULlalt! IIOJlliJlIlIII.

\!)o[unteer 1Hote£;.

lYE haH recei\·ed from Surgeon-Capt. \Y an\·iclc East London Brigade Bearer Company, a handy little pamphlet illu5tI:1ting the \'arious drills 1nd exercises for \-olunteer Bearer Cl1mpanies. The \\'ork h:ls been carefully compiled. and ,,·ill undoubtedly pro\'e a \·,1Iu.\ble aid to \'olunteer sura-eons in enabling them to grasp the some\\'hat intricate mO\'eme11l- laid down in connection "ilh bearer company drill. Surgeon. Capt. 'Y ar\\'ick, in his preface, wisely l.::tys !t do\\!: Lhal the object of his little \\ork is not to 5.upersede practlcal Il1SlrUClil1 n, \\'l:lc,h it i5 well kn o\\'[\ can onl), be obtall1ed on the parade ground, but ,t IS meant to assist in making the \" arious I11O\'ements more intelligible, \\'e cordially recommend Dr. \\'arwick's pamphlet to officers and bearers alike.

Bns\\,crs to

L. J. -,,\n article on the trez.tmen t l'\ "ufferers from electric shock, appeared in this Journal in October, Your letter has been forwarded to J. C.

T. J. not unJerstanJ your letter \\"th the t\\·o lrstS of "wrong and I, nght.

J. A. HARRtSON,-Thanks for Y?lIl g:ood WI shes. We ale aflaiu your et ter s not quite suitable JnsertJon, We do not see any n.e\\' hints in it. Most of the suggestIOns you mention are generally carned out at classes.

OWING. to the absence of our correspondent from England the Notes on the Tnangular Bandage are held

{th e 1ife $aving $ociet\?

ITS BENEFICE;\TT OBJECTS AND USEFUL WORK.

ONE o[ the most useful of the numerous philantbropic institutions establisbed during recent years is the Life Saving Society, an org-anisation which, since its foundation, has done an incalculable amount of good, not only in this country but in :nany of our Colonies. Its inception was due to tbe oft-expressed deSlre that some attempt 5-hould be made to inculcate into the minds of those able to swim the best methods of rescuing and resuscitating the apparently drowned Happily the efforts of the Society's Officers met with success from the outset, and many a gallant rescue has been effected by men who have gone through the Society's course of instruction or witnessed some of the practical displays given by its members.

THE PRINCrPAL OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY is to promote Tecbnical Education in Life Saving and Resuscitation of the Apparently Drowned, and although it carries througb every year a giaantic programme consisting of public displays of the methods of life from drowning, and numerous competitions, its work is the teacbing of the best methods cf rescue and resuscitation of the apparently drowned. This is done through the medium of classes of instruction by a method of drill, which is divided into three parts :-Rescue and release methods on land and in the water, and resuscitation.

The land drill can be taught and practised in any school and has proved most valuable in teaching large numbers, as the various movements can be more effectually demonstrated, and errors noticed and cOlTected ,thus greaLly faci litating instruction. The Society i n various ways encourages the teaching of swimming, but owing to want of funds this worthy object has not been carried out so thoroughly as the Executi\'e of the Society would wish, but its leaders continue

TO AGITATE FOR NATIONAL EDUCATIO;\, in the art of natation as they belie\' e, and that very rightly, that the teaching of swimming to every boy and girl in all schools would be conducive to the physical well-being of the nation, and on that account alone, if for none other, ought to be encouraged.

The Society's of land drill is of course based on the idea that each attendant of a class can swim, but where there is deficiency in that direction evel'y provision is made for its acquirement. Four methods of rescue are taught and three of release from THE GRIP OF A Dl{Oi\'NL G PERSON, as well as the Syll'ester method of resmcitation. The .'I1arshall Hall and Howard systems, two otber well-known methods, are also explained amI practised. After four or fi\ e land drills, practice in the water is resorted to, and here ag-ain e\'ery movement is carried out by word of command. IAThen the examination takes place the candidates bave to prove themselves proficient in di.ving and swimming on the breast and back, and in the land, release, resuscitation and wa t er drilis, by giving a practical display of tbeir ability, also answer satisfactorily the viva 2'oce questions on the theory and practice of breatbing and circulation of the blood, asked them by one of the medical officers of the Society. All those who pass the examination are awarded what is known as the " PI,OFfCTENCY CERTIFICATE OR MEDALLION" according to ability, as a recognition of tbe recipient's competency to render aid to the drowning. These classes of are bein a he1d not only all over the United Kingdom, but also in a great many Colonies, and the demand for instructors is so great that considerable difficulty is experienced in coping with it, for all the offices of the Society are purely honorary, and tbe tax on the time of instructors is very great. Still the Society has always been able

TO DEPEND ON THE LOYALTY OF ITS MEMBERS and very often at but shon notice is able to send away many able life savers to all of the. to give It is this loyalty and the great Interest eV1l1ced ll1 the noble alms of tbe organisation that has made its advancement in public esteem so rapid and thorough.

At the !;leat demonstrations given at the West India Docks and in the Parks and Rivers, hundreds of swimmers attend without bope or desire for fee or reward in any shape, and give displays

BEFORE THOUSANDS OF INTERESTED SPECTATORS and 'who shall say that the knowledge thus imparted to the more thoughtful of the spectators may not in the end be a means of aood. Ploof is not wanting tbat these practical illustrations are useful. soon after some of the displays given by Society,. the apparently dead .have been resuscItated by those wbo, wltnesomg the displays, were 19norant of the proper method to adopt 111 such a case. The yalue of the Society's teaching was never better demonstrated than at a case at ·Worthing. f!>.. young man was brought out of the water apparently drowned, but blS rescuer happened to belong to t.he local class of the Society, put into operation the method of reSuscltatlOn despite the efforts of a crowd of spectators to induce him to

HOLD THE MAN UP BY HIS LEGS and adopt many other old and exploded ideas. The m'l.n eventually recovered, rut had It not been for the lessons that his reocuer had received his life would in all probability have been sacrificed th r ough i gnorance.

Arb. [February, 1897.

The Society has branches in various parts of Great Britain and Ire land, as we ll as in New South Wales, New Zea and, and In d ia, while Canadian, American, and Austrian schools have taken up the subject. I does not give awards for Life Saving, that being the province of the Royal Humane Society, whose medal is looked upon by the members as THE (I VICTORIA CROSS" OF S\vIM;\lING and the winning of which is deemed of far greater moment than the winning of all the championships and racing trophies in existence The handbook of the Society, which can be obta i ned at the offices, 8, Bayley Street, London, W.C., is in itself a valuable compilation, as it contains the consensus of opinion respect i ng r escue and resuscitation work of the leading medical officers, and the many expert swmimers who take part in lhe management of the Society They recommend as practical four methods of carrying a person in the waler, an6 those who are ignorant of what to do in cases of emergency can, in the course of a lesson or two, hecome thoroughly proficient, and able to render valuable aid in saving life without risk or danger to themselves.

In addition to this the Life Saving Society seeks to stimulate and HELP LOCAL ORGANISATIO:-<S to promote tbis knowledge, beside which, every effort is made to induce schools and other educational institutions to teach the subject and make it a part of their general curriculum. It is, therefore,pleasi ng to record that many of our schools al ready teach the useful knowledge: Wellington College, Hailebury, Framlingham, and Be.rkhamsted Public Schools, and a great many London and Provincial Board and other Schools haVE already given instruction with the result that many of those who have entered for examination have been awarded either the Certificate or Bronze Medallion, both of which denote the proficiency in a greater or less degree. One has only

TO POINT TO THE SPLE:-<DID RESCUE by the boy IN. E. Irving, I3 years of age, a pupil of the Bablake School at Coventry, who was the recipient of the Royal Humane Society's bronze medallion and certificate for his gallant act, to show how much can be done by who knows how to act and do the correct thing at the right moment. The hoy [rving was a member of one of the numerous classes of instruction organised. by the Society. One day when out at play with some companions, he was passing a pond where a boy had just fallen in and sunk in ten feet of water; without a moment's hesitation be plunged to the bottom and brought

THE APPARE L TLY LIFELESS BODY to the surface and then to land, where he at once put into operation the Sylvester method of resuscitation, with the result that in about twenty minutes breathing was restored, and the boy was none the worse for his accident next day. It was very fortunate that some one was present who codd put into operation so intelligently the means ""hich brought this boy to life, as there were some people at hand but none could do anything, as they were quite ignorant of the subject. There are many such cases which COUld be mentioned which show the "alue of such instruction, and therefore it is to be hoped that in order to reduce the great number of drowning cases which annually occur our educational authorities will make some effort to inculcate so useful and life saving a knowledge.

The beneficent objects of the Life Saving Society, which if adopted and properly put into force tend much to develop

A LOFTY SPIRIT OF SELF -RELIANCE and manly courage; therefore the subject should not be allowed to languish for want of aid and practical sympathy of all humane persons in the prosecution of this noble work. The Society, whose head office is at 8, Bayley Street, LonJon , 'N C., is supported entirely by voluntary subscriptions, and has the patronage and keen interest of H. R. H. the Duke of York, in the capacity of Honorary President, Ithe Hon. Sydney Holland as Acting President, the Duke of Teck, Lord Ampthill, the Earl of Lonsdale W. H. Grenfell, Esq., \V. Collingridge, Esq., M \., M.D Horace Davenport, Esq., and others, as Vice-Presidents

The medical 'interest is also exceptionally strong, and thousands of swimmers are numbered on the books, to whom the knowledge which the Society is so ably promoting is being inculcated. This is a work which ought to draw together and unite in cordial support a ll pU?l.icspirited people in the promotion and development of those qualItles which go to m:lke up tbe sort of man l y worth which all wish to se e strengthened.

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING o[ the Society has been fixed [or the r8th February, when some important propositions will be submitted. One of these relates the founding of aDiploma under condiLions of a most character, to be gained by those who have the s.ubject of SWlmmmg and Life Saving a thorough study, both 111 practtce a?d 111 theory. The cond i tions under whic h the certificates and medallIOns are awarded are also to be altered, mak ng it co mpulsory fo r everyone wish ing to gain the distinction, fO first pass [or the Cert ificate before it will be possible to acquire the meda lli on.

F ebruar y , 1897.J FIRST

THE PROMOTION OF THE ART OF SWD1MDIG is also to be taken up, and in order to encourage teachers to make th e subject a part of the school work, various awards will be offered t? those who teach the largest number of children to swim. Wlll be seYeral of these awards, all of which will be open of to teachers all parts of the country who care to devote thell' tIme to of the useful art. The conditions and !11ethod of teachmg- w1l1 be published in the Annual Report to be lssued about the encl of March.

PRIZE ESSAYS.

I:-ith. the object. of bringing into greater prominence the subject of Llfe Saving', three prizes have been offered [or competILlOn, of Silver and Bronze meda s, for the best essay on and Llfe Saying, as follows :-Introduction, With hlstollcal notes- SWlmlTIlng III individuallyThe. breast, .side stroke, and shOWIng their value in Life (from the surface and othenvise)-Life and dangers-Swimming as a part of national educatlOn.

THE CO TDITIONS OF THE COMPETITION are as :-(r) essay not to 4,000 words. (2) The to be typewntten. (3) To be delIvered at the offices of the SocIety, 8, Bayley Street,ILondon,IV.C., not later than the 1st :\1ay, 1897· (4). The essay to be signed with a nom de plltme of the author's own and the signature with full name and address to be enclosed 111 an envelope and properly sealed, which shall be opened in the of the when the award is made. (5) The Life Savlllg Soclety to appomt the judges, who may order the publication of anyone or all of the essays in any form they may deem advisable.

A MEETI TG OF T HE CENTRAL EXECuTIVE CO,\1MITTEE was held at the offices of the Society, 8, Bayley Street, Bedford Square, LOl:d.on. on Th.ursday, .2rst January. W. H Horder. South African House S.C. (Ulllon Stp.amshlp Co.), was 111 the chair and there present Messrs. C. J. E. May, J. F. J. II'. ens, E. R. Du Parcq, E. C. Skll1ner, E. V. SaJaman, Hon. Treasurer, IV. Henry and A. Smclalr, Hon. Secretaries. After the minutes had bee.n read and the Hon. Treasurer submitted his report whIch related to tbe balan.ce :heet, and being accepted was t? be p1ll1ted. For the SOClety s ;\IedallIon and Certificate the e;amllla:LOns of forty-six candidates from the Neptune S.C., Glasgow, Gppe: Canada College, Toronto, Hammersmith S.C., and the classes o!'gal1lsed by the Society were duly confirmed. Mr. J. Trainer of lork, was elected as Hon. District Representative, and it was decided to recommend for the Council's acceptance a scheme for the ISSUE OF A OF MERIT to. be awarded. to .those wh? pass. an examination in the theory and plactlce of sWlmmll1g and bfe sav1Og, and also prove their ability l:ly personal It also decided to delete the governlI1g the examlllatlon of candIdates for Certificates and Medallions requiri?g a specific number attendances at class meetings, at same ttme to the tests. [he Hon. Secretary reported that the membe,shlp gre.atly lllcreased during the past year, over two hundred clubs, and classes baving been added to the. membershIp. \\ Ith regard to the protest of the Keptune S.C.

agall1st the award of tbe judges in the final of THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL

It was proved that the whole of the conditions had not been observed bu.t it was decided to accept the explanation of the officials and award to on the groun.d that (r) A lthough put in good faith, It was a error for the Dlrector to the judges whether they sat lsfied whe n only half the water test hac! been cnmpleted (3) OW.ll1g to t?e lateness of the hour through the practical part of the competltlOl1 bell1g delayed on account of THE PHOLONGED THEORETICAL EXAMINATION and circumstance. of the bath closing at a certain time; and (3) That lt would be obvlOusl), unfair to the South Club tJ over- rule the award on a matter over w.hich it had no control, considering also that the team held a lead at. what was practically the close of the contest. ThIS declslon was arrived at without prejudice to future events, but purely on the special circumstances of the case. It was resolved to thank all parties concerned for the ready and willina help the Executive in corning to a decision, wh ich they wlil be 10 the l nterest of the SOClety and satisfactory to both sides.

A SPECIAL VOTE OF THANKS was accorded to Mr. J. Ward, the Hon. Representative of the Society at Coventry, has for several years done everything in his power to out the alms and objects of the Society by gratuitous instruction 111 Schools, and free public demonstrations in various parts of bis disu·ict. It was also resolved to congratulate him upon the splendid manner in whIch he .had trained the Covemry Institute Class, whose members competed 111 the fina l of the Nat ional Contest, and after a most severe contest were only defeated by h alf a point . A si milar vote of thanks

AID.

"was accorded to Mrs. Willy, of the Girls' Cobur R d B Jor teach the children both aOnad or .er Wl ll1g elp accorde.d the Society at the various public formal relating to the Ann ual General :\leetil1c e )ruary was then dIscussed, bringing the meeting to a

ANDT:-<G THE MA:\,Y DTFFICULTIES are. met on account of the want of proper bathing accom 111 var.lous pan:s of the country, yet the classes of cont111ue to ll1crease 111 strength and number, those who submitted to the testsof profiClencyand have been awarded certificates and med II' number close upon 2,300, which is extremely good considerin a each candIdate must be an expert swimmer, diver, and rescuer, !s well as have a thorough knowledge of the vanous resuscitation methods.

A VERY PLEASI:\'G FEATURE ln connection with the work of the Life Sa\'ing Society is the willina help re.ndered by many persons at home and abro_ld in the of Its alms and objects. At there are many honorary workers and Upper Canada has made the subject of Life Savina for InstructIon; nearly thirty of the scholars g lmed tbe medallLOn award for special knowledae in the rescu f h drownll1g. '" e 0 t e A BRA "E DEED.

City of York S.C. and Humane Society reports that one of the pluckl.est rescues fro.m drownIng on record knolVn at York occured on tbe lllght of the 7th 1I1st, when cries for help were heard from the " Foss. '\1r. Stead was passing at the time and althouah a aood n.\er h db' , '" '" SI\ll11mer a. ne\-er een In the \yater with his clothes on, Lut without a s hesltatlOl1 be plunged in and, directed by the cries, swam a of about a hundred yards, when he disco\ ered that the ob"ect of hIS. rescue was a woman struggling Yiolently for dear life. the was ,very dark he got her safely ashore but in a very \I e are .,·ery to learn that Stead is to be sUltabl}_ rewarded WIth a .!J,re sav1l1g. medal for his brave act, and it is to state that the Clllzens of lork highlyappreciate ,\11'. Stead's actIOn and feel proud that such a bra \'e fellow is one of their number.

"2\0 wild hurrahs accompany

The deeds tbese men do dare' :\'0 beat of drum, no martial strdin 1\0 spirit-stirring air.

" But in the cold and darksome nicht They combat with the blast; b :\nd gain, by dint of hardihood

The I'ictorr at last.

"Then let us pay the honour due To such devoted strife; Where gallant men so nobly risk, For fellow men, their life."

-G. WARD. THE HONOUR of being numbered the o}dest organizations of the kind in the belongs to the City of l: S.q. Humane Society and it IS pleas1l1g to be able to that. s1l1c.e 1[S mauguration its chief work has tea<:hl?g of .swlmmlog: and life s ll·ing. This useful orgalllzatlon IS 111. wah. the LIfe. Saving Society, and doe.3 much to promote H.s al?' and \Vlthout doubt the splendid record of success whlch It has achlel'p.d lS worthy of emulation and des.erves the support of all humane persons in its district in the prose. cutlOn of Its noble 1Y0rk.

THE NEW S\\'L\IMING DRILL will. form very i.mpor.tant featu.re in the annual report of the Life Sa.VlI1gSoclet)', which wIll be published about the end of .\Iarch. The dnll \\'dl be fully explall1ed, and recommendations ai\'en for teachilw swimming in classes. The wC?rk will be chiefly to teachers schools many of whom hal'e.to the kno:vledge to others although they had no lll. the subject. [t lS hoped that tlJe efforts ot the Soclety mil meet wtth due recognition, aad that the number taught to swim will shol\' a substantial increase.

THE SORRY DISPLAYS

giv.en by when practising life saving are worthy of serIOUS conslderatIOn by el'ery teacher of the art, for there must be something radically wrong in a system which does not inculcate in tbe mind of the pupil the first principles of buoyancy, and be of lise to his fellolV in distress. Lately there has be:!n much discu ssion as to the best method of tra I'elling on the back when supporting an apparentlr drowned person. Frequently men, \\'ho ha"e gained areat renown iiI championships and who, for the proficiency of the Life SavlI1g Society, al'e hardly able tu convey their subject to shore, ami when uOll1g so get half-drowned 111 the pIOcess. An experience like this makes one reflect, and probably g.l.in an opinion of the utility of the Side-stroke as a means of lIfe sa\'ll1g. As to its I'alue fur the acqu isition of prizes there is no question.

(Pocts' fracture) there j- O"enerally di::location oi the .wkle a5 "ell,,, hich produces considerable deformity. The que5tion of remo;'ing the clothes and boots will arise. and ,'ou "'ill find it ad\'i-able not to remO\'e them unless absolutely necesoary. If the fracture is compound and the boots ha\'e ro be raken off, cut the lace:: or siJes so 35 tl) be able to ! emu\'e them without causing further damage.

In compound fractures of the leg you will .,f;en flnd that it will be much more comfortable to the patient to pbce the leg on a rillo\\" with perhaps a splint on the oUbide fixed on with a couple of bandage3, one at the upper part and one at the lower part. Of wvuld take care that any wound is properly dressed.

Foot. Broken bones in the foot generally means a sma5heJ foot. and if you cannot get a splint ,yith a foot piece. get a pillow and fix the foot as well as you can.

Just a final word. You may not always be certain in se,ere injurieo whether there is a fracture or not; if you make a mistake (and we are all liable ro do that) err on the right side and treat the case as a serious one instead of a light one. and put on splints if you hare any doubt. ee that 'your bandages are put on firmly, neither too tight nor tOo slack, and get rid of.your responsibility as 500n as you can by placing the case in tbe doctor shands.

1f,eaItb\? lbouses.

I, A happy home must be a healthy home.·'-_llloll.

FRO)! an interesting- p::tper on "entiianon. :1ppe:uing m ,\'cure. we select the follo',ing in,tructi\'e pas';;:1g-es :-...\n adult man leCjuires when at rest 3.500 cubic feet of fresh air per hour: a woman or child requires proportionally less. For any indi\'idu;JI aho\'e n eh'e ye:1rs of age, we may take .as an anrage the amount of carbonic acid expended per hour as '6 cubIC feet. and for such an a\'erage indi"idual 3.000 cubic feet of fresh air per hour is necessary. lYe can now a ppreciale the importance of cubic space. for if \,e ;lre to supply 3.oco cubic feet of fresh air to eyer), indi"idual abm'e n\"eh'e rears in a room, and the amount of sp.ace, suppose, in a dormitory where ten per50ns sleep is only 300 cubIC feet per h,..ad. then 30,000 cubic feet of fresh air must be supplied per hour-that is to tbe air of the dormitor, must be completely changed ten times in this period-a proceedinO" which would cause in an}' but the \'ery warmest weather a rery disaareeable drauaht. But if the cubic space per head be 1,000 feet. the air of"'the dormitory neeJ be changed only three times per hour. and if such renewal be effected steadily and gradually. no draught need be felt. lYe .may mention here that certain amount of or floor space IS necessary for each mdl\·ldual. for if the height of the room is 12 feet. ir: this direction does not com pensa te ior defiCIency In the other dll11ens!Ons. although the cubic space ma y be the same; thus it \yonl? not be tbe ,same thing to allow a' man 50 square feet of floor In a room 20 teet.high. as to al1m\" him 100 square feet of floor In a room 10 fe;t hIgh. although the of "pace allotted to hIm ll1 each case woulu be the It may be mterestina here to .mention in common lodging,houses under police 2+0 cubIC feet of space are allotted to each adult, in barracks about 600 cubic feet, in general hospitals from 1.000 cubic feet as a rule and in infectious feyer bospitals from 1.500 to 3.500 curic feet-in'the::e latter institutions tbe floor space allo\1"ed per hed i.;: from ISO tu 300 square feet. From the repon of the Roya; on the Housina of the ,Yorking Classes it would appear that e,'en the 10'\\ ::tllowance the common lodging-house is "ery often not attained in the crowded rooms of tenement bouses, and an enormous number of cellars are still inha?ited in our large altbough they presumably come up LO the reqUIrements of the PublIc Health as regards their \"entilation. Gas, candles, lamps use up oxygen and produce carbonic acid and \yater. t: cu,blc foot. of coal gas produces, when burnt, t\\"o cubIC feet of carbonIC aCId. and smce a common burner three cubic feet of gas in an hour, it produces six cubic feet of carbonic acid in the same as much air should be supplied to dilute the pro?ucts of It5 combustIon as would be necessary for three or four men. It IS far better, however, to such gas-lamps as are shut off from the air .of the r00111. These the air necessary for combustion WIthout, and the 01 are carried off bya special .to the aIr: 1 he elec.tnc 1.lgllL uses none of the oxygen of the aJr, and gl es oft no carbon 1(' aCId or \I'a ter. and is for lhese reasons, far prefera ble to naked flames for Iigh ting JlU qH)!'CS.

The due :0 masses of airat different tcmperatlllt:s i", the relIed on for ,enulating- the interior of houses. The aIr ?f rooms in this climate, except in warm "ummer lS a hIgher te.1l1]leralure the air; bot air IS lighter all, and \I III rIse for c<Jld all to take It:; place-in bet, heated IS II p\lards by colder and ai r. [n a roum, as usua Ily cOTlstruoeu \11th .o-a"h nle-plale and chimney, hut "llhout any f;peCial means ot \'enlIlalion \\h<':11 a lire is iJulIlin')" ill th> healed ail vI. rvum ill I'a! t the HI pan I bes to the ("e"lIlg. Cold all' [rom oUlside \\ ill then enter, if the \\ Indows be closed, unclet the door, under the skirting boards, be-

A. I D )lar ch , 18 9 i.

tween the sashes of the window-. and throtJO"h any other chinks Or apertures due to loo"e fi.L;ng::. The bricks and pla;:er of the walls are ,lIso porous to a extent, ;).nd if not. cm'ered "ith paint or \\"all paper will admit air to a ;imited extent.

Thus a large yolume of air may be entering a room in cold weather wben the fire is buening. although there be no yisible inlets. and the amount of :lir :hus supplied mar be sufficient for the needs of two or three persons if it were properly distributed. But such is not tbe case.

The cold air, wh;ch enters chiefl)' near the floor, takes as straight a course as possible to tbe fire-place. producing a disagreeable draught :0 the feet of the occupants whilst toe heated and ritiated air near the .:eiling is lett undisturbeJ. It bs been found practically that to pre,'ent draugbts. and to ensure a thorough distribution. fresh air should be admitted into a. room abO\'e the heads of the occupants. an upward direction bein5' gh'en to it. so that it may impinae on the ceiling, mix with and be warmed by .he heated air in this situation, fall gently into all parts of the room, and be gradually remo\'ed by means 'Of th-e chimney-due or any other outlet. The inlet openings for fresh air now most in use are intended to sen'e this purpose.

:Jlar ch, 189

J£R5t )1011bon OOIU11tCCt' 1Br ignbc :fi3cRrcr COtnpflll\?

T o the T o"\\er Hamlets Rifle Brig-ade belongs tbe Gedi; of bein2" the pioneer battalion among tbe olunteers to systematically the mO\'emen of rendering" first aid" to the \\"lmnded. ior \H; learn from; he of tbe Regiment written hr Col. E. T. Rodney \Yikie. \'.D that (n 1 urgeon-:\Iajor 'I' H. Plat, r;:, .i5ed :t reo-imental stretcher detachment which was ;'ormeJ iot :;e:1ar:ltc under the l\Iedical Officers as a Li a cemi .:.y fhe same year this Hretcher section was inspected ty 5t,r::eonGeneral :\Iunro. C. B ,-\..:\LD and hiO"hly complimented him on i:5 smarrnes3 and general efficiency.

In 1 S. -urgeon-:\ Iajor Platt changed into the :\[edirai Staff Corps. and Surgeon \Y hite succeeded to the command 0f the :,ec: iun 1nd in 1 "9 he wa app()inted Brigade-Surgeon East London \'oluntt:e! Briaade. The scheme then in force "ith to the Bri:rade ,.J..mbll\"iz.: that each battalion sh "'uld furndl it5 quota e,f men "'as foune to be impracticable. and in I. ")1 General H. Brig;-;dier ()f ,he fast London Brigade. ordered that a sep:ln:e 13r:; ,de Be:lrer

The E.lst.Londo_n \'olumeer Brigade Bearer Company at present 1.'0051-[5 01 +:\Ie hcal Officers. one being- supernumerary. 7 statl S<T::!,eallt:' and sergeants, btizler. and ,0 r. nk and file, a number' beyond auth"lrised limit. bur in order to ensure a full miIste:- .he (. mpal1\' the :!i1nual briO"::tde'camp. its formaci 1 [he Bearer Company has each year at dcci the brigade camp at _\IJer"hor, there haying charge of "and \\C1r ';ng the brigade Hospi,al. In carrymg alit these duties it :llwa,,, zjyen en ire 5Hi"fa.:-tion to the hrigadier. This \'ear the Beare', Company's camp at Bourlay. ,-\ldeTsllOt. was \'islted by B.R.B. the Duke oi COllll'lUght. and the hospital guardcomplimenred b,' h·m.

The E:1"t LV1dcn \'(llul1tee r Brigade Bearer C0mpany h::r.s each year .1: tbe lnnu.i inopec;i:m :be Qcen hlgh:y complimented b\' the Ufficer f(1 it, genel'::t; smartness, turn-out and • It m:;y also l:'e remarked th.lt the CfJmpany \\"on hOl1,)u S both in

For sash windows

Hinckes Bird's method. no,,' so well-known, of placing a block of \\"I]od under the lower sash of the window so as to raise the tOp of the lowel sash abm'e tbe bottom of the upper, admits the air in an upward direction to the ceiling abo\'e the beads of the occupants. Holes bored in a perpendicular direction in the boltom of the upper sash, lom'ered panes to replace one of the squares of g-lass, an arrangement for allo\\"ing one of the squares of glass to fall inwards upon its lower border and pro\'iding it ",i.h side cheeks, or a double pane of glass in one sC1uare open at the botLOm out::ide and at the top inside - all effect the same purpose and are simple and inexpensire contriYances.

I\'all inlet \'entilarors, as the Sherringham ,'alve and Tobin's tube, are cunstruc[ed on the same prin.-:iples, fresb air. which in to\\-ns may be filtered muslin or cotton wool. or made to impinge upon a tr::ty conta!ning water 50 as to deposit its sooty particles. being admitted at a height of about six feet from the floor and directed towards the celling. The vmlet for yitiated air is the chimney, flue. and this for an ordinary medium-sized sitting,room, with a fire is sllfficien t for three or tour people. pro\'i:led no gai' is ali!:;ht. or the gas lamp has its 01\"11 special \'entilatinf; arrangements. \\'ith an ordinary fire. from 10,00:) to r 5.0:)0 cul-,ic feet of air "ire drawn up the chimney In an hour. '-ah'es placed 50 as to open into the flue near the ceiling are sometimes used as outlets ior foul air, such as.:\" eil Arnott's and Boyle's \"ah'es, \\"hich permit air to a5S into the flue. but prerent its return: the only ohjections to their use are that they occasionalh' permit the reflux of smoke into the room. and their mO\'ements backwards and forwards c::tuse a slight clicking noise.-From Ht!allh.

IDrili @rbcrs.

ST. _DIBUL-\.:\,CE BRIG.\DE.

ORTH ST..l,.FFOH]l::;HIRE CORIS.-LrST OF :\lEETT:\"(.S ,-\:\"D DRILLS -:\Iarch :iLb. 1.+5 p.m Rye Croft SchooL bandage and 7th. 3 p.m Ronnd House, Stoke. surg-eon's lecture; 9th. &.+5 p.m EtJ'uria Schools: 10th. 7.30 p.m., Heath Schools, urilI; 12th, ,.+5 p.m., Rye Croft School, bandage anu stretcher; q,th. 3 p.m., Round House. Stoke, lecture by Surgeon; 19th 1 +5 p.m., Rye Croft School, ewcasde. artifiCIal respiration; 21st. 3 p.m., Round House, Sloke, by surgeon; 23rd,".+5 p.m , Etruria Seho?ls; :!6th, ,.+5 p.m., Rye Croft Schools, ewcastle, carrying exercIses: 3 lJ.m., Round House. StOke. - SYD:\"EY \' :\ I.--I.LKI:'-I, Chief SCHOOL OF LECn' RES :-- :\larch 2nd. The Treatment of tbe apparently Burns and Scalds.- Surgeon -Captain J. Cagney, ') I. D., ,-\.rtlsts R.V.; Tuesday, :\farch 9th. Fractures anJ dislocations and their treatment: TuesJay, :\farch 16th, \Vollnds and The First Field Dressing.-Surgeon-:\Iajor I\'. Cul\'er James, :\l. D., The Honourable Artillery Company; Tuesday, :\ Iarch 23rd, T b e causes and treatment of insensibility; Tuesday 30th, Poisons and tbeir

Treatment.-Surgeon-Lie'ltenant .-\.. Eddowes, :\1. D. , 2+th :\Ii ddles ex: R.I'.

SOl'TH OF THE JU);lOR CROSS COU:nRY ASSOCI ATlO:\".-

The annllal dnillpionship of the association was decided in th e O a kl ey I>rk Grollnds, Bromley Clll11nlOl1, hy kind permission uf A C N orma Jl , LSil. i\ course of about, mIles h.ld been nMpped OUt "hic h inc l uded all killds uf counl1y. the plough, \\"hich had to he co\ered thr e e times being parlicubrh- hea\ \'. Taken altogether the o',)in o was hea \'y' and no le:3s than'four nien had Lo avail orthe t. John hulance ,\ssociatiol1's assistance, Yo J. Ford, of the Brixton Harriers, beIng llnCOl1.scIOllS for an hour. \ late stan \\"as effected, but the rac in g \\'a,; O\:er helQJ'e d.:1lk. T\1"ent}"-two clubs st:1rLed,comprising 2 30 r un ners, :?I6 oi \\hom finIshed.

,\:\,S\Y ERS TU J. S. \\'OOllS - \\' e h<l\!;! n ut h!;!ard of s uch a book

Company sho u ld be formed and th:lt it shoulJ Ie carned on the strength of the Tower Hamlets Rifle Brigade. The strong and effic ien t Stretcher Section of the T 0\\ er Hamlets. no\\ practically m<:'rged into the East London " olullleer Brigade Bearer Comp:l11y \\ hich. as a unit in itself. and to a great extelll distinct fr0111 the batl:1lion. h:1d to be clothed n a speci:d which \\a:; designed by Blig:lde-'::urgel1 11 Lieut. - Colonel IY hite and made by pelmis5ioll of the bte CLlmmanderin-Chief a sealed pattern.

This uniform consists of a blue serge kersey trImmed "nh narfO\\' wh i te braid, the shoulder straps being. marked with F.LY B in letters and crown co br badges. a field sen'ice edged white braid for undress. For full dress a helmet \\llh the :\1 C. b:ldge, white belts and glo\"es, and the Lancaster s\\ord baY,)l1et fLw side arms. a uniform \\"hich is at once distincti\'e, neat and sen'iceable.

I n IS9 1, Surgeon Lieut. J Dalbs Pr:1tt. :\l.D \\:1S, to command the company-tbe second 111 command ,bel11g

G. G. F erguson :\l. B. ;Iin 1893, Surgeon-Lieut. \\ ar\llL"k: :\1.B.)Llll1ed : and in th e same year urgeon-Lieut. Ferguson nansferred Into the Londo n Scott sh. "In J. Simg:::on. :\I.D., was g azetted to t h e company; in 1895. Surgeon-Lleut. , \. C. Tunstall, :\1.D ., and in 96, Surgeon - Lieut. J. F. \\'OLX!S. :\1.D.

I n D ecember '96, Surgeon -Captain J. Dallas Pratt translerred 111to the battal io n and urgeon-Captain \,'ar"ick succeeded Il) the COJl1man d of the Co m pan/·.

and l111\ of the battalion. In r'qr a te;ll11 \\"a,. sent in ttl compete for the challenge of the \"olunteer :\[edi,al :\ssociation. was successllIl in the preliminary competition. _ In .the .battalwn. the Cumpany for sll.ccessi\"e the hrst.pnzeg-I\·el: by General )loncnelT. the HOIl. the hIghest pellentage ot attendances and efficiencY.

Though :"l non-comhitant Company, in sboot!!1g- it ha3 als? taking in hq+ the 5ecQnd prize fl)r t.he. Quarterma_st.er s"lup Competition. and bet"ore the regubtion abohsh.J1lg class firIng for bearers C:111le intO force the Company POllll to more than one marksmen in its r:111k5.

The term of senice in the Bearer Company is + IS found. and there is no subscripuon-the men are t,aught their drill and their \INk. \\hich consi -u; oi :1 kno\l2edge of first <lId and nursing. and the duties to a Bear.er L l)1l1pany. by means of sl'sten1:1tic lectures and practical demonStrallonB., the Cl)mp:ll1Y h:1S a Tortoise" Ambulance \\ agon Its. 0""1: Transport Section. consisting ofa se.rgeallt.? corpol'::tI.,:1nd tOll! pn.\ates as dri\ er5. It has also the full eqUll'ment lssued to BrIgade Bearer Companies.

In conl'lusion it may be stated that the present hIgh. state of effine.nL} of the Compal1r and a;1 unbroken record of, years success, are,.m a great measure t,? the zeal, Col. E. T. Rodney " dde 1 \ - D and Brigade :)urg-eon -Lol. \\ bile.

FIRST AID.

j1IARCH 1, 189'7.

The year 1897 will long be remembered COl\Il\IEl\IORATION by all people and ?y

YEAH. all the \ 'a rious natIOns thJ.t compnse the British Empire as being the year of commemoration of the long es t reign tha.t this country ha s eyer known under one monarch. It wIll be a year that the pre se nt generation of wi.ll speak of to their children with pride and Wlth satIsfactIOn that they were privileged to see th e grand sig hts and festivitie s appertaining to the Diamond Jubil ee "

The o-reat and crlorious reign of our noble Q ueen Vlctonrl. will be pointed by the future hi sto riar: as one in which progress wa s made in e"ery direction. Thi s country ha s been engaged in mallY wars, but it s s trength ha s not be e n weakened, and its power is felt and appreciated all over the ci"ilised world. Our Oueen ha s become endeared to all of us by her sorrows, byher kindness, and by her keen sympathy with suffering, and it is but the simp l e truth to say that no Sovereign has ever been so beloved by her reople, or been more in touch with them, than she has been. As a woman, a wife and a mother, she has set an example that may well be followed by the highe st in the land and the lowest; as a Sovereign, she has always acted with wi sdo m and discretion. Hi st ory will find it dIfficult to show another such ,,'o man, another such Sovereign, It is both fitting and right that the completion of the sixtieth year of Her Maje s ty's reign shou ld be celebrated in a mann er worth y of this nation. In addition to th e various schemes of benevolence that are put forward , of which the Prince of , Vales's Fund for h elping the Hospital s is the mo st important, we learn that the Queen ha s decided to hold a Thanksgi"ing Service at St. Paul' s C a thedral on Tuesday, the zznd of June. Thi s will doubtless be preceded by a proce ss ion, in which m any crowned heads and di stinguished Roy a l personages will be present: and the crowds to "iew it will be enormous, for its like will not be see n in this country for many a day.

' Ve note with pleasure that amidst this general rejoicing ambulance mattelS ha,'e not been lo st sight of, and the Central Executive Oommittee of the St. John Ambulanc e Association hav e, with the approval of H.R.H. the Prince of Vales, Grand Prior of the Order , decided to hold a series of ambulance cornpetitions under the direct and personal p at ronage of the Members of the Royal Family. Three di stinc t competitions are to be arranged :-r. Genera l, open to all rnale holder s of the first aid certificate of the Association in tb e United Kingdom. z. Brigade , open to all enrolled corps and diyision s of the St. J obn Ambulance Brigade. 3. Railway, open to all Rail,,'ay Oompanies in England and ' i\T ales Thi s is the programme presented to all ambulance ,yorkers, and we understand that the competition will be carried out as follows :-1n each district where th e re is a number of team s, a preliminary competition will be held, and th e winner s of the se will compete again, and agai n, if neces sa ry, until five t eans are selected to compete in the final to be held at the Crys tal Palace in April or May ne xt. All entries haye been recei\'ed by this time at St. John' s Gate, but no information has yet be en g iYen as to the number s An immense amount of work will haye to he done by the officials and the judges, and we sincerely h ope that everything will go off smoothly.

But the great day for first-aiders of both sexes will be on the Thank sg ivIng Day, z2nd of June , when all tbe h elp that can be obtained will b e r eq uired to ender aSSIstance amongst the vas t crowds that will be

gathered togeth e r on that day. That will be practical work and n ot ex hibiti on work, when presence of mind and sound knowledge will b e wanted. L et u s impr ess up on all those who intend to go on duty on that day t o d evote them se lves in the meantime to increasing, if possible, theIr stock of knowledge, and to keeping up constant practice of both drill and bandaging, for it is practice and knowledg e that beget confidence.

---========-

$anitar\2 lProgress.

ON Thur sday eYening, Jan uary 2 1st, an intere st in g lecture on theabove subject was delivered at CuI ross II all, King' s Cross. to the members of the St. .I ohn Ambulance Bri gade, by n on. Surgeon W. Bla ck Jon es, 1\1 D., D.P.H., T oynbee Hall Division. After mentioning the close alliance that existed between ambulance work and prelrentilre m ed c: in e. the le cture r gave a summary of the history of sanitary leRishtion, and showed the immense be n efit that had followed the passing of the Publi c Health Act, 1872. It had been estimated that o the dim inished mortality that res ulted from the carrying·out of sanita ry improvements under that Act, that during the year 1831 a lone there had been a saving of 92,000 lil'es, and half-a-milli o n fewer cases of illne ss. Owing to the construction of drainage works in certain towns, the death-r,lte from typhoid fever had diminished by n early oDe half, and that f rolll cons ump tion by 29 per The lecturer then, by me:lns of diagrams, showed the chang es in t h e deat h-rat e from several of the infe ctious diseases in England and 'V ales during the last 40 years. r.-i tt le effect bad been produced on the mortality from measles and whoopll1g -cough, each being abo uqoo per million living, this beinR higher than any other infectious disease, excepted, and called for the serioU.3 attention of sanitarians, and the public generally. The deatb-rate from diphtheria was on the increase, this especially marked in London and other areat towns notwithstanding the strenuous efforts that conlrol it. Fortunately the other diseases show a great di!Tlinution, the m ortality from scarlet fever and typhoid fever h a,'ing diminished from about 900 each to under 200 per million living, while that [rol11 dian-hoca had diminished from over 1,000 to nearly half that amount. Dr. Jone s attributed these beneficia l results to impr(,ve d hou se and soil drainage, better house construction, factory legisLttion, and better attention to notification, isolation, and di sinfection irl' cases of infectious disease. The effect of this sanitary impro\'ement was espec ially ev ident in the case of cholera, the mortality haying been enormous in former epidemics, and was still so in the last epidemic on the Continen t in 1892 ; b u in this country only 35 cases occurred, all of them having been imported from Hamburg and other parts, and in no instance did the infection spread to any person. The lecturer devoted some time to the consideration of vaccination as to th e pre\' cnt i"e of small-pox, quotin:; the report of the Royal Commission on that Analysing six epidemics that had occurred during the past few years, he showed that in well-vaccinated towns the mortality amonO' those under ten years of aO'e W,lS snnll, while it was great in places where vaccination was neg-

In Sheffield the attack-rate among tho se "'vaccinated was actually less than among those who had prel'i o 11 5lr suffered fr om small-pox. In England generally the small · pox de 'Lh·rate, o wing- [() leO'islation in fa,'our of vaccination, is ,trivial compared with what it half-a-century aRo ; but in Austria, where vac cina lion is not COI11pulsory, it is considerably higher than it was then, wl:ile in Prus sia small-pox is almost unknown, olVing to the enforcemc'nt of vaccination and re-vaccination. A cordial vote of thanks to Dr. JO;l<:, O conclullc'd the proceedings.

1RaiIwa\2 Bt11blllancc.

GREAT RAIl.\\ .'\Y. interesting meeting of the two cb sses in connection with the Engineers' Department of the G.X. R ailway Comp:lny was held on Monday evening, the 22nd Feb., in the l\I ess Room, W estwood Street, presided O\'er by the District Eng-ineer :'Ir. T. R. Johnson. The members of the First Class, having passed their examination, were presented with the medallion of the Association, kindly provided free of charge by R Johnson, Esq., the retiring Ch ef Engineer of the Company, as a parting proof of his appreciation of the efforts of the class. In pr ese nting the m edall ions the chlirman impressed upon the recipients the importance of keeping up their present efficiency by practice and study, so that in any future emergency they might he ready to render first aid promptly. The members of the Second Class, having successfully passed their seco nd examination, wer e presented with the second certificate. A hearty vote of thanks wa s accorded to R. Johnson, Esq [or his great kindness in presenting the medallions. It will be remembered that the team from these classes was awardeu the first prize at the public competition in (he Bishop's Paddock on July 30th, 1896. At the clos e of the a vote of .was accorded the secretary of the classes, Mr. P Ru sse ll, for hI S serVIces, anu the hope expressed that he would render the same aid in the future as in the past.

March, 1897.J FIRST

®llr lPortrait (Saller!!.

BRIGADE S URGEON" LIEUT.-CoL. O. M. WH[TE, EAST LOl'moN B mGADE BEARER COl\lPAr\Y.

gentleman whose portrait appears in our Ga ll ery this month was born in London in 1834, and it is a matter of some interest to mention that he com.es of a med ica l family, lli s grandfather, father, and three of his brothers being medical men. He was educated first at the H urstpierpoint and Falstead Scho ols, and early in life showed a liking for m ilitary work, inasmuch as we learn that at the latter :-:chool he belonged to the Cadet Corp s attached to the E ssex Administratiye battalion, playing the side drumin the fife and drum band attached to the Corps. During hi s sen-ice in the Cadet Corps he wa present with the E ssex battalion at the yarious reyi ews which took place at Colchester, Vlitham, and Braintree. Leaying scbool 111 the autumn of 187 I, he went toCherbourgand whilst there h eyisite d the Maritime Hospital and had an oppo rtunity of seeing many of the ,,·ol.lllded who had been through the Franco-Prussian campaIgn.

On returning to England lle w ent to orwich and became articled pupil to the late Dr. F. C Bailey of that city and in the winter essio n of r 8/2 he entered St. Ho sp ital, remaining there until he qualified in 18 76 Lea\'ing St. he first became Hou e Surgeon and afterwa rds H o u se Plwsician, a t the 'V est London Hospital, Hammer smitl1, and on lea\'ing there he joined the late Freeman Izod, in practice at Tottenham. sixteen years in this neighbourhood he dispo sed of hIS prac tice 'and migrated to Eltharn, Kent , in whi ch he has since resided, and it is worthy of note that hiS present practice; IS over roo years old, probably the oldest in that part of the county.

On the r6th August, I8 8 r, Dr. ' Vhite joined the Tower Hamlets Rifle Brigade as a 2nd Lieutenant, but, fi nding the demand upon his already fully time was more than he could afford, he tran sferred from co mbatant rank to that of a non-combatant, and be ca me Acting Surgeon, and was appointed full Su.rgeQn on the 12t h February , r886, and Brigade Surgeon III December, I88g.

The Eas t London Brigade Bearer Company, which was tbe first formed in London and is admittedly one of the smartest in the kingdom, raised by Dr. 'Vhit e, and he may be congratulated on the fact that. by spec ial permission of the late Commander-lll-Chlef, the Company is clothed in a distincti,'e uniform.

In addit ion to other appointments held by the Doctor we may mention among the principal, Diyisional Surgeon to the Police, Medical Officer to the Royal N a\'al School, and o ne of the Staff of th e Oottage Ho spita l.

AID. 165

THE!horoughly g enuin e, and a good fellow all r ound, BrI gade-Surgeon vVhite is not on ly popular with hi s br other officers but also among a ll ranks of the Oompany in whose welfare he has allVays taken and still continue s to take so warm an intere st. Th at he may long be spared to continue the good work is a wish that will be endorsed by all who know him, and esteem him for his kindn ess and courteous treatment of all those with whom he comes in co nt act.

HER i\IAJESTY THE Q UEDI ha s been graciousl y to accept the dedication of \lr. S Osborn's Chinese edition of" First Aid to the In jured " now being printed by l\les,rs. Gilbert & Riyingt o n, St. John's Honse, Clerkenwell, E.C.

EAST HA:'1 Dl\'ISIO,,",. -A granu concert and demons:tratior. will be held on ;\larch +th, r8 97, in the Recreation Hall, Romford Road, i\Ian o r P ark, and the proceeds are to be de\'oted to the fund now being rai5cd for an ambul nce litter for this district.

H UL L CORPS.-On the 12th Fe bruarv an Exhihition of Ambulance Vork was given in the Schoolroom o(St. John' s Church, Newington, with the intention of formingc!asses, Supt. Se cretary Krause explaining briefly th e u seful work done by the ofthe St. John Ambulance Brigade The supposed injur.ies were treated by a detachment of the W estern Division under Sergt. 'Vilson, and fully explained by Chief Supt. Hopper; Lady Supt. Laverack and the :-.rursing Sisters, ;\lr s. Krause and M archant, gave illustrations in roller bandaging, changing sheets, &c. Rev. Boldero thanking the members of the fIull Corps for the information and in struction gi\ en. On the 19 t h February, at the headquarters of the Western Division, J. F Th ompson (Associate of the Order and H o n. Secretary, Hull Centre) gave a le cture entitled "Early History of the Order of S t John of Jerusalem, " illustrated by maps and "iews sho\\'n by oxy-hydrogep light, Assistant Commissioner C. H Milburn in the chair. Th-e le cturer dealt briefly wi(h the early history and founding _ of tbe Hospital in Jerusa.lem for the relief of the Christian Pilgrims in the time of the Crusaders; the introduction into England about the yea-r 1I 00 , foundi ng of the Priory at Clerkenwell by the Knights of St. Joh.n of Jerusalem. Clerkenwell was then some distance from London, .a nd consisted of meadow and pasture land, the seat of the Priory bein-g acres in extent; in the immediate neighbourhooa was a well at wh ich the parish clerks performed miracle plays, therefore the name CLerks' "VeIl The Gate was restored by Prior Doonra, A.D. 150+, and is n o·w used as t he head office of the Order of St. John and the Association. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded t o Mr. Th o.mpw n and Assistant Commissioner C. H Milburn.

I pSWICH NURSr"iG DrvrsIO:\.-:\Ir. W ard, House Surgeon at the Ip swic h and East Suffolk Hospital, gave a lecture on th e" Brain" to mem bers of the :x ursing Di vision on the 8th. The lecture was profusely illustrated by rapidly sketched diagrams, and was of thrilling interest.

LE1CESTER-WORKI:'iG :'IEN's COLLEGE DI\·lSTO:\".-A ;'Len's Nur s ing Class has been formed in connection with the \Yorking :'lIen's College Division, and commenced on Thurs day, February 4 th, at 8 p.m. The class is held in the Union Street Rooms, and is conducted by Dr. Shearer , assisted by :\le ssrs. ]. L. Kin g and Z. Langham, Honorary Sup erintendents of the Corps. · -

l\' ORTH STAFFORDSHIRE CORPS - The Leycett Di"ision held their usual monthly meeting on the roth Februaryand went through stretcher exercises and ba ndaging.

OF I-L\RDl:\'GSTO:\E of the best yillage concerts given in this district was that whi ch took place in the Board Schools on Tuesday el'ening, r6th February, [he proceeds of whi ;:h were to be gi\'e n to the funds for prol'iding appliances· for the Local Branch 0f the St. John Ambulance A ssociation. Th::re was ·a "ery large at tend ance, and great thanks are dueto the Committee for the admirable way in which they carried om the arrangements. To e sinaincy of the :-.rati onal Anthem brought a pleasant e.\'ening to a cl03e. la st, the roth, a patient was successfully remo\'e d from Hunter Street to Cranston Street by means of the litt er. Staff Sergeant Franklin wa s in charge and wa s ably assisted by $e rgts. ;\lott and H arke. - DcsTON Dn rsIO:O<.-"-\ Concert and Dance was held in connection with this Di"ision on the 2 th ult., and a most enjoyable evening was spent. Supt. Reeves (H ead Quarrer Division) presiding.-Ki:'IGSTHORPE Dn'ls[O:-\.-:i. Dance was held in connection with this Di"ision on Friday, January 29th, the proceeds of which are to be given to the Cniform Fund.- TRA:-ISPORT SERVTCE. - On Thursday, February +th, a patient wa s su cces fully removed from Clare T errace to F.lorence Ro td, M onk's P ark, in the Hor se ambulance by StaffSergt Beale(1l1 chll:rge)and Privates Colina and Lamberton. On Saturday another patIent was brouaht from Pattishall to the General [nfirmary in a critical condition and conveyed there in a most satisfactory manner.

FIRST '[be 1tfe Saving Soctet\?

AID. [March, 1897.

TH-E H ON SYD NEY HOLLAND, A cting President.

THE A:\:\C'AL G£:\ER:\L .JIEETI::\G.

THE Annual General ;\1eeting of the members, subscribers. and representatives of affiliated organisations \yas held at the St. Hall, Picc:l.dilly, L oodon. on Thursday, 18th February. OWll1g to. the ul1a\'oid<lble absence of the .-\.cting President, the Hon. Sydney Hollan'l. through domestiC' the chair was taken by \Y, Collin!'lidge, Esq .JL-\'., :\f.D .Jledlcal Officer for the POrt of London and I\'erepresent :\Iessrs. \Y. G. Grimwood, Sr. Paul's School, C. \' al Hunter \'ice-President L.S.s., \Y. G. Lax. L.S , :\Jisses:\. S tOne and E. Kingston. London Schools SO'-\. \Y. B. ::\ orris. Cricketers' S.c., E. J. Tackle)', Yice-President, E. R. du Parcq., Jersey S.C., J. c. Russell, L.S.S., L. J. hrimplin, L.S.S., B. O. \Yesron. Toynbee Hall L.S.c., E. F. Farthing. L.S.S -\.., :\1rs. Florence .\1 iles, Tibberton Ladies' S.C J. R. :'[oore. London County Council S.C., \Y. F. Dobson, Fitzroy Class, G. T. Campbell. Thos. Gue, L S.S., \Y. Greenland, London & India Docks S.C., }[iss:\l. Townley. Tibberton Ladies' .C., H. R. Austin, Richmond and S.C., \Y. A. Bashford, Richmond Elementary School S.C., George Sinclair, L.S. -., G -\.. Ely, Bedford S.C., D. W hitney, "'inter S.C., J. R. Harrison, IslingtOn \'eslT)' Officers' S.c.. .-\.. Dunbar. BelgTa\'e S.C C. B. Creasey, Jersey S.C., F. Kreuzer, Hammersmith .C E. \-. I Ion. Treasurer, \Y. H. Horder. African House S.C, \Y. E. Buil, Pacific S. C" Guy .J1. Campbell. Royal ::\ormal College, J. E, .Jlay, Camben\'ell Schools S -\. J, F, Freeman, London Schools S -\., .-\. Lang Gieye, :'\ational Sk ating Association, G. \Y, Steyens,Camberwell Schools S.A., W. \Yilkinson. Bedford A.S,C., F. \\', A,shtOn, Grenfell S.C., F. H. Strickson and \\'. T. Greenland, London & India Docks S,C" T. J. S. Savell, L.S. ,,&c. Se"eral PROYI:\CIAL CLGBS I'OTED BY PROXY and .a. large number of letters and telegrams were received regretting InabJilty to attend.

After the minutes were read and confirmed, the Executiye submitted their annual report, \\'hich proved extremely interesting. Last year tbe Central Executi\'e in presenting their report stated" The prOQTess made in extending the beneficial work in \yhich the Society is had exceeded their most sanguine anticipations, and that its grand aims and OBJECTS ARE :\0"" ADIOST ljXI\'ERS.-\.LLY

The statement can be made with renewed force, for the mental a(:tivity in yarious parts of the \\'orld "hich sets the machinery of the Society at work has not only maintained its collective energies, Jut has also increased in vigour and appreciation; a result, it is hoped. which will continue for many Yfars to come. The steps taken to inculcate a tborough technical knowledge in saying life from drowning, an d thus render a person a capable rescuer, ha\'e been entirely justified. It has often been shown that such knowledge imbues self-confidence courao-e, fortitude, promptness, and decision under circumstances whe:e a at stake, and enables a person to O\'ercome the dano-ers and difficulties with calmness and resource. At the various in all parts of the worl.d acti\'ity has been displayed. with the result that many gratlfymg' cases of rescue haye been broug-nt to the notice of the Executive. In many of the reports of the Branches will be found !ncluded part!culars of gallant jJerformed As a proof of the lUterest taken m work of the Society ,the Executive ha \'e much pleasure

in stating that the Third Edition of the Handbook, containing a simple and effective drill for instruction in saving life from drowning. together with many 'aluable suggestions on the subject HAS I="CREASED I=" POPULARITY, oyer seyen thousand copies ha\'ino- been issued. In eyer}' department the work sbows increased development, and that the public are becoming e\'ery rear more aliye ro the importance of the kno\\'ledge advocated is pro,'ed by the fact ,h:n the number of instruction classes held has been oyer three times as many as in years. The number of candidates. both male and lema Ie, who baye passed tbe tests for profi. ciencr. has reached the grand total of t\yO thousand one hundred and twelve It is especially pleasing to report that Life Saving work is no\\' considered of primary importance; particularly is this the case in Colleges and chools, as well as in s\yimming organisations at home and abroad, Splendid work has been accomplished by the New South \Yales Branch, by whom excellent classes haye been formed, and its aims and object are being extended throughout the Colony, In Xew Zealand, at Christchurch, .-\.uckland, &c" the methods advocated are being promoted with satisfactory results; a like remark may apply to THE GE:\EROC'S EFFORTS PL'T FORTH by the Royal Humane SocietyoL1.ustrahsia, the RoyallH umane Association of Canada. and the C pper Canada College. Toronto. At home the subject has been m:lde a special feature in connection with a great number of Colleges and nctably Wellington. Framlingham, Haileybur.r. Be:!rkhamsted. a'3 \I'ell a3 in the Elemen,ary Schools in London anJ the Pro\'inces, :\lany more organioations promotirg the art of s" imming ha\ e made the question of life sa\'ing a subject for regular and systematic instruction: this has been specially noticeable in Jrebnd, where, chiefly in Belfast, a great amount of interest has pre\'ailed, and the classes beld in conneL':ioll with Technical Education Commitlees of the Coum)' Councils have made stt ad} and sati factory and at :"ottingham the School Board ha\'e induded Life Sa\'ing as a speci:d subject, to be taught at their Eyening Continuation School Classes; "bilst in order TO PRO)lOTE THE K:\O"'LE11GE OF LIFE SA \'l;\G and encourage the art of sl\imming. the Bristol Humane ociety has awardea two hundred Handbooks of Instruction as prizes to school chi Idren in their district.

Thanks were offered to His Royal Hig-hness The Duke of York for his kindness in continuing [Q act as Hon,-President of the ociety, and the Executi\'e tendered theil o-rateful acknowledgments to the Hon. Sydney Holland for the interest he has raken in its welfare during his term of office as Acting President. Certainlr a great debt of gratitude is due to him for his cOllsta:1t and untiring efforts to bring the subject of Life Saying to the front, and the assistance rendered in m:lking its aims and objects kno\\n to schools. co[!ege3, &.:., a;; well as for his generous financial suppOrt and ill\'aluable help at the principal exhibitions of the year. Thanks of the Execmil'e are tendered to \r. II. Grenfell, Esq,: and Dr. \\'. Collingridge, past presidents of the Soriet)'. Il'bo ha"e continued ro render "aluable assistance and ad\'ice in the work. also to the London and India Docks foint Commitlee for the facilities afforded in (arrying om (he aiaantic' programme of the \'enr at the \\'est India D.1Cb, Like lhanks are (ende:!red ro the Hon. Secretaries :tnd officials of Branches, and to the medic:tl profession

1:\ ALL PARTS OF THE \\'ORLIl in the disch,nge of \'arious duties connected with Ie:!Cl11res. demonstratiens, and ,\ "ery graceful reference Il as made to :\Ir.

J. F. Herbert. as Hon. District Representati\'e of the Society at ::\otli[lgham, upon his success in inducing tbe Board in his district to make Life Saving a special subject of instruction at their Evening Continuation Classes. It is\\,orth\- of note that the :'\ottino-ham Swimming Club, of wbich nIr. Herbert'is a prominent Official, has abm)'s taugbt its members the best means of rendering aid to the drowning, and that at "arious times they haye had the honour confe rred upon .them by the Royal Humane Society in the award of one Gold, two Sliver, and t\\ 0 Bronze :'Iedals, as well as three Certificates for saying They also won the ::\ ational Life Saying CompetitlOn In 92, and \\'ere runners-up in 93.

THIS IS A RECORD \\'ORTHY OF E)!C'LATION.

These results are of course attributed to the splendid honorary ser\' ices Society's Di trict Representa ti yes and the \-arious honorary worker,S In parts ThE. programme for the year is as usual "err extemlve and \\'Ill be c<?n.slderably augmented during the comin g season, as It IS expected that nsllors will be in London from Sweden, X onvay, Germany, Holland, and Canada, who will take part in \"arious class displays to be organised by the Society. T he lara-est classes held during th.e y.ear are those organised by the Berkhamsted School, Framlingham, " ellmgton. and Cpper Canada Colleges. pecial attention is directed ro women familiar with the subject of Life Saving, and arrangements are bemg made

TO HOLD :\lAXY CLASSES DURE\G PIE SEASON.

Financially the Society is quite sound, and it is a matter of o-ratification to find t.hat. the income deri\'ed from subscriptions shows steady and substantmllncrease, and although the Executi\'e have to deplore the loss through various causes of several supporters, yet they are glad to be able to report a great many accessions to the roll of membership. There is also a increase in the publishing acco un t, and the

March, 189 7 J FIRST

balance sheet.shows that after pro\'idingfor all liabilities. the year 18 97 commences WIth a surplus of £:;1 +s. gd. In "iew of the worK to be accomplished, this is but a small item, and in order not only to mai.ltain the present standard, bur to increase it, an endeayour should be made to gain support, not for tbe pu-rpose of simply augmenting junds, but that THE SOCIETY )!A.Y EXTE:\D ITS OPERATIO="S and promote its aims and objects.

-r:- be Executi.ye grea.t pleasure and special pride in noting- that the \'anc:us have made the subject of Life aying a specl.al feature of Instruction, haye been splendidly supported by the publIc and that tbe appeal for help made in their last report was most to, and tha: affection the work inspires is mamfest the combmed zeal and abliny with which the aims and objects of the SocIety have been and that there is still the same press of noble men and women \\'Illmg to aId the cause, and thus render the task of as agreeable as it is honouring. It may be added th:tt the Executl\'e wdl welcome any suggestions for the further deYelopment of the Society':: work, thereby assisting them to increase its usefulness in the future.

.-\mongst the :\lA:\\' LIFE SA nXG CO)lPETITIOXS

ha:-e. been decided the "::\ational ". of claims place and 1l IS to record. that ,last year 5 WlOners were agam returned the VIctOrs, result 15 cblefly due to their splendid training, .-\ of praIse IS also due to the runners-up, \yho lost first place by half a pomt only. In case there are a few who ha,-e not followed the course of e\'ents it will be as well to state that the first prizes were awarded to the London and India Docks S. C., and the second to CO\'entT)- Institute team, whilst the South .-\frican House '. C, and the St. Paul's Xational School team, \Yalworth, were each entitled to third place and were medallions. The Loodon Schools Competition, for whIch the Society annually presents S sih'er and bronze meda)lions, four of each of these being for airls. is worthy of pecial mentIOn, for the contests ha\'e proyed so keen that in £e\'eral instances it was impossible to decide the \\'inner; in ber. one e\'ent, although competed for on three diffe:!rent occasions. the results were still undecided; an incident which reflects much credit upon the te3chers who TRAIXED THE BOYS A,XD GIRLS SO \YELL.

The Jersey, outhporr, outh .-\frican H oul'e. and the London Boys' Federation Clubs, all recei\'e honorable mention for their efforts io the yarious competitions and for organising similar eYents in connection their regular work. Diy-ina and plunging is nor forgotten, and It IS recorded that H. .JIartin, of the t. James' Club. who is considered one of the best exponents of the best means of enrering the \\'ater, from any height, has fortwo years in succession won the ::\ ational Trophy and has only to justify his claim to it at the gala to be held on the 3rd oUuly, it will become his priyate property, but as we learn that some famous experts are expected from Sweden, :'\orway, Denmark, Holland and Germany, :\Ir. :\fartin will haye to be in the best of form on this day, in order to retain the prize and the honour for his country. The Annual Report. which had been preYiously circulated, W35. on the proposition of '\Ir. J. E .JIay, seconded by .Jlr. W, T, Greenland, unanimoudy adopted, and the 3nnual reports of the Xew outh \i-ales and :'Ianchester Branches, which were read by the HOI,. GAYE )lL'CH SATISF.-\CTIO;:';, and it was proposed by .JIr. \y, E, Bull and seconded by :\[ r. Sa\'ell and carried, "That the said reports be printed and circulated in the usual way." c'That the Financial Statement be taken as read and adopted," was on the proposition of .JI r. Guy .JI. Campbell. seconded by .Jlr. ,,-, \Yilkinson, agreed to. By lea\'e of the chairman and the meeting it was unanimously resoh'ed to add after the word' life" in line+ of rule of the Constitution of the Society, the words ., but :;uch retiring or retired Acting Presidents shall be eligible for re-election, and that the \-ice· Presicents shall be ex - officio members of all Committees." The election of officel sr as follo\\'s :-Acting President, the Hon. Holland, who for his many sen'ices in the interests of the Society \\'3S unallimously chosen to serye in that capacity for the second year in succesEion. The name ofthe Hon. \Y. F. B. :'Ia ssey .JIainwaring,.Jl P was unanimously added to the list of \ -ice-Presidents, which included H,R.H. The Duke:! of Teck, Lord Lonsdale, Lord Ampthill, W, Collingridge, Esq" .\1.:\." :'I.D., Horace Davenport, Esq., A. Lang Gieve. Esq., H, H. Griffin, Esq., W. H. Grenfell, Esq " C. Val Hunter, Esq.,C.C.,and E.J. Tackle)" Esq. The other elections were: Hon. Treasurer, Edmund V. Salaman, Hon. Secretaries, \i'illiam Henryand .-\rchibald Sinclair, Hon. Soli citor, \V. B, Norris, Trustees .\. Lang Gie\'e, C. Crute, and J F. Genders. CE:--lTRAL EXECL'TI\'E

H. R. Austin, Richmond S. C" A. H, T. Buller, Richmond S, C" \Y, E. Bull, Pacific S. C Guy M. Campbell, Royal .N ormal College, E. R. Du Parcq, Jerrey S. C., J. E. Durham, Otler S.c.. J. F. Freeman, London Schools S. A., C. Oscar Gridley, Dreadnought S. c., \Y. G. Grimwood, Life Saying Society, .1. R. Harrison, Islington Vestry ,C., W. H. Ho rder, South African House S. C., _-\. II udsol1, Amateur S.C., :'vliss E. Kingston, Hon. Life .Jfem ber L.S.S., F. Kreuzer, Hammersmith S.C" J. E .JIay, Cambemell Schools S. A" lfr F . .Jlil es, Tibberton Ladies S c., W. Medwin, Brockwell Park S. C., P. Nis bet, Royal Canoe Club, \\' B. K orr is, Cricketers S .C., ;o,Iiss \, tone, Hon. Life Member L.S.S., E. C. kinner, outh .\frican IIollse S.C., G. J. Strickland, Otter S. C., C.Wheeler,\iTestminster L.S.S., G.\\'. Stevens,

AID 167

Camb.erwell It ,vas unanimously agreed that all ,he Life Go\'ernors and LIfe .\[embers on the books shall be eiio-ible to sey\'e on the Grand Council, and also resoh'ed th3t Captain ,\ Jeffery be elected a Life :'Iem ber 1:\ OF HIS :lL-I.:\Y SERYICES and the ,in tere,st in the welfare of the Society. and for his honorary gmng publIc on the s,ubjectof li,fe sa\'ing in Li\'erpool and dlstncr. The unal1lmous :hanks ot the meetlDo- were tendered to the Executi\'e, including :\1essrs. W. E. BuU, \\'. H:<rbord, \Y. G. Gnmwood, J. F, ,Freeman, J. E . .Jlay. Guy :\1. Campbell, C. Crute E R Du Parcq, \\ H. Horder, Percy :\isbet. \Y, B. ::\orris E. C. G, J, Strickland, and C. ,,'heeler, for their many dunng the year; als::> to :\fr. E. Y. Salaman as Hon. Treasurer. and -\.. and \Y. Henr) the Hon. Secretaries, for their untmng 10 the aims an,d. objects of the ociet)' , The followll1g alteratl0nS to the conditions of examination for the proficiency certificates and medallions were, after some discussion. ao-reed to :-Rules and 3 were deleted, and to Rule +, clause E, was added 3S fo1\O\\'5 - " E\'ery candidate must prO\'e to the s:ttisiaction of the that he is able to 5WI111 one hundred yards on the brea-t, and titty yards on the back with the hands either clasped or the arms folded in front of the body, also swim to a depth of not less 'than five feet from the surface of the water"; in Rule / delete the word" sixpence "and iosert one shillino-," and to delete the \yords .' and attendance book and tbe words "within fire days of the closing of enrries," in lines /, n, and 9 ; in Rule 9 delete the word ,. drills" and insert the word" tests."

On the proposition of F. H. Strickson, seconded by T. R Harrison, the Executiye were requested to consider the adYisability of instituting A SECOXD CLA_S CERTIFICATE the test for which shall be (1) Practical kno\\'ledge of the Sih'ester and Howard methods of resuscitation (2) General knowledo-e of the structure of the human chest. and the organs of circulation and respiration. In the conditions of the Examination for the Proficiency Bronze .Jledallions Rules , 2, and 3 were deleted and the following new Rule I agreed to-" Candidates far the .JledaUioo must hold the Proficiency Certificate or be eX3mined for same at the same time as for the :\[edallion." The present Rule + to be Rule 2, and to read as follows-

The test for the examination shall comprise the following :-(a). Thorough knO\Yiedge of the information contained in the Handbook. and personal ability to carry out the details as mentioned in clause a, b, c, d, e, in rule + of tbe Conditions of Examin:ttion for Certificates. (b). Thorough knowledge of the organs of Circulation and Respiration and the "arious methods of Resuscitation mentioned in the Handbook. The remainder of the rules to ce re -numbered.·' It was unanimously agreed that A DIPLO:l!A OF THE SOCIETY be inaugurated to be a \yarded to such persons who shall pass an Exami· nation in the theory and practice of swimming and life saring, whicb shall include personal performance in motionless floating, di\'iog, plunging and swimming a gi"en distance, also prove tbeir ability to impart the kno\\'ledae to otbers, and that the Executiye be empowered to draft the conditions of the Examination and appoint the Examiners.

Owing to an objection raised by the representati\'es of the London and India Docks S.c., winners of the ::\ational Competition and holders of the Challenge Shield, the proposed alterations in the conditions oj the competition were withdrawn, and the Execuri\'e were instructed to consider aod prepare a scheme of proposed alter:ttions for next meeting. and to receiYe entries for I on condition that tbe winners shall 3110w any alteration to be made in the conduct of tbe contest. \\,ith regard to the proposal on behalf of the :\1an chest:r Branch. J.Bebbington, seconded by R, A. Crawshaw, "That all certIficates granted for proficiency or otherwise shall, without exception, in future be signed by the President or Acting President." The following amendment was unanimously agreed to on the RECO)DIE:\D.-I.TIOX OF THE .-\CTIXG PRESIDE:\T and the Chairman, I" That all certificates granted for proficiency shall be signed by the chairman of the Executi\'e of a at which they are proyed, and by the bon. secretary or secretanes, and that the Instructors' Certificates, Diplomas, and Votes of Th:tnks of the Society be signed by the President, Chairman of Executive, :tnd Hon Secretary or ecretanes.

Relati"e to the proposed "isit of representati\'es from CO:--lTIXE:"\T.-\'L S\YDDIING AS to take part in the Annual Demonstration fixed to be held in London on 3rd July, the Hon. Secretaries reporte.d that satisfactory were being conducted, and seyeral had already "'ith reaard to the \\'inter Classes held m tbe London dlstnct most progress was reported! 937 ?tteodanc.es ha.\'ing been registered. A like result has been obtamed m connectloo WIth the class held in the E\e:!niLo- Continu:ttion Scho,1ls at :\ orringham, where twentynine have pas5ed the <:x<lmination for proficiency, which is extremely creditable to .\11'. J. F. Herbert. who has spare:!d no pains to D13ke his class perfect., ., : \ft er notice had been gIven that speCial pnzes \\'Ill be al\'luded to teachers of schools who during the season hal'e taught Ihe number of children to swim, and that similar prizes \lill be awarded lor the best ess3ys on Swimming, Diying an,d Life ?a \ ing, a yote of thanks to the Chairman closed a 1110St successful meeting.

FIRST

$t. Jobn thnbulance Bssociation.

BATTER SEA .-Nursing classes for ladies will be held in St. :"lission Reom, B atte rsea Rise, on Saturday commencm" Feb. 27 th at half-past three. The Lectures wIll ?e gl\'en by C · G T Rawnsley AdJ'utant Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, MIss ap am " S CI h C Law (H an. Class Sec.), 135, Lavender weep, ap am ammon

IpSWICH.-Three examinations have ate ly ?ee n held, one by "Ir. Lin and one by Dr. Carr for the .Orwell \\ arks class Forty-one these examinations and four faded. One of class could ft tend owing to illness, but a ll the were examll1ed Mr. .Lll1g held another ex amination for the S OCIal Settlement class, but the esult is not yet known

POTTERIES.- This Centre will in future be known as " N orth shire Centre" and its area will be and the n half of the County of Stafford. :\ dlstnbutlOn of certificates t ook place at the S cho ols, Barlaston, on T uesday, February 9 t h iiII'. F,', f!. wood, after making a few appropnate remarks, handed 1\ urSlI1g

C ·t·fi tes to 2 r ladies who were the s u ccessful students 1I1 the class el I ca r d " d t o the recently conducted by Dr. F. E Fernie ureat cre It IS. ue lecturer for the excellent examination passed by the candidates Dr. Fernie has promised to deliver a cDurse of first aid Th e wiH be commenced in \.pr:l. On the 29th January at the Stipendiary s Court at Stoke-on-Tren t, the l\Iayor (Councillor Geen) presented first aid to 1 sergeant and 9 constab les ?f the Sto ke police. Mayor and the Stipendiary Magistrate complImented the men on their suc cess

WARRL GTON.-PROPOSED OF THE IN Wydiffe School, B ewsey Street,. on February 5th, an meetincy in connection with the War nngton ce.ntre of the above aSSOCIation h e ld , under the presidency of C ouncIllor John Crosfield, J.P. X otwlthstanding the inclement weather there was a go?d attendance, which 'includ-ed Dr. Adams (local hon. secretary of W a r rIngton centle ) Dr. Guest G o rnall Dc M arke l, Mr.Geo rge Crosfield, l\ Ir. W. J Chl'rch Brasier (Brigade Chief Superintendent, from the head ·quarters, London), Mr. Archer Low e (Stockport), Superintendent J o nes (Oldham), Mr. Thomas Morris , F.G.S., Captain Waring, a nd Mr. Thomas H. Hardy (assistant secretary). The Chairman ex plain.ed the obj ect of the meeting in the following terms d The IS to form out of. t he existing so -ca lled "Yarrington Ambulance Bngade a pr o per y corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade." (Applause.) Contll1U1ng, the chalrman obsen'ed that he had no knowledge of the work of the Brigade because he was too old and infirm to be a At the same he took a great interest in i.t, because he these societies were the most valuable of any 111 the \"hole of the kll1gdom. He WaS very glad that his men at the works at Quay s up po:ted the mo-Yement so well, about fifty ot them havll1g passed theIr exammari on and joined (Applause.) Adams a large number of letter s from gentlemen a p o logl sll1g for their ll1ablhty to be present, including :\1r. R obert P i.el:point, :'Ii.P. :\1r. J. Charlton P a rr, J.P., C., the "fayor (Alderman £< aI.rclo ugh) Dr. Adams concluded by ren:al k.lI1g that the brigade only co nsi s ted of men who passed the exam ll1atlOn. Bri gade Chief Superintendent Churc h BraSier addressed t.he meelincy at considerab le len O'th on the work of t he BrIgade and AssoCJati.Dn ge%erally tie was to know .in Lancashire and the adjoini-ng counties the work of the associatIOn was taken up well Refenind to local m atters, he suggested that where there were the men form themselves into a division und er the n a me. o! re spec tive works. railway men should a l so form railway dlvlslOns. They would have their own officers and supernumerary officers, but they would al1 be controlled by fou.r chief corps officers Th e COlpS would have its chief surgeon, ItS chief supenntendent, supenntendent of stores, and superintendent secretary, and they w ou ld be to th e committee of the centre and to the deputy commissioner of the district for the good government and they would have to see tha the Brigade regulat ions Should they deCide to f?rm a c0.rPs of the Brigade they must thmk they had got thelf medallIon they h ad finished a ll theIr eXam1l1atlOns Ev ery every woman would have t? come. up every year for eXamll1atlOn, to prove that they were stJil effiCient. ( Applause ) i\Ir. Archer Lowe (Stockp o rt) spoke in hi gh t er ms of the efficiency of "Varrington police force, and showed how be useful 111 ambulance work in the Itown. il1r. Jones (dnll s upenntendent of the Oldham corps) also addressed the meeting, and gave some good advice to the members. The me e ting then proceed ed to the appointment of office s as follows :- Chief surgeon, Dr. Adams; s uperintendent secreta;y, Mr. George .Crosfield; of stores, Captain ·Waring. Several detaJis were afterwardJ di sc ussed, a nd Dr. Adams mentioned Ithat the" old stalw a rts, " the Varrington B rigade, the in the Cheshire.l:ines (two separa te divisions), and the Bank Ouay contmgen t would Jom t he enrolled corps. At the request of Captain W?-ring, thre e hearty cheers were .g iven for the now non est W arr in gton Bngade, and a vote of thanks been accorded o Councillor Crosfield and to :\11'. Hardy, the proceedll1gs termInated.

AID. :1Ylarch, 1897.

SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALEs.-The Glebe of the S.t. John A.mbulance Association, wbich has now been esLablIshed about months, has taken u p the work with a g;'eat amount of Some four or five months ago :'I-lesdames I.,.. Boyd (hon. secietaJY) and A. N. J onsen started to collect funds for the 1?11rchas e of ar: Ashford litter, to be kept in some easily sp<;>t m case of occurring in the Glebe. They succeeded m raIsmg the amount reqUIred , abo ut £15, and se nt the order home to the London St. Amb u lance Association The li tte r arrived by the steamer an? ha s been taken to the residence of Dr. Boyd, the society s le cturer m the Glebe. It will probably be publicly to the :'II ayor of .the boro u O' b early in J anuary The lItter IS a wonde.rfully co nv e l1len for the work of a m bulance., the stretcher d et<1chable, so that a patient may be placed upon :t hlted on to th.e body of the vehicle with o ut aggravatmg hi S 1l1Junes As t?e Glebe IS the first suburban branch to provide themselves With thiS necessary vehicle, at the same ti me being .o ne of th e younges.t off· sboo.ts of associat ion the ladies above-mentioned deserve all praise for their effOl ts.

jfirst BIb lRecorb.

NORTH STAFFORD SHIRE CORPS men of the Newcastle Divi sio n have attended well to their drIlls dunng the last month. The fo llowing first aid cases bee n attended to :-Jan. 19 th an old l ady named Mary 12, Boundry ::\Tewcastle, aged 58 years, met \\, Ith a at the lad\\ay station She had been to the Eye [n st ltute at BlrmIllgham and wa s returnincy home by the train due at N ewcastle at 11.55 a.m. when, through "being sh ort sightec, opened the door t h e off-side of the carriage thinking she was gettmg out on the plat!olll1 She fell to the line with her head o n the metals. Sergt. S Y\ ade I emoved her o ne of the offices and examined her, when he found she was from a severe scalp wound penetrating to skull; he rendered first aId and sent for a doct o r. Dr. \Ve bb soon arnved and dressed t h e wound which was af er wards bandaged up by 'Vade hom e in a cab. Jan. 30th, J. T. Pimblott, a private In o ur diVIS ion, following his empl oyme nt as a collier when a prop fell and hiS forearm causi n g a simple fracture, the he gamed as a member of the brigade proving of good use to him until he cou ld see a d oc tor.

:'Ii onday night, February 1st, between and tw e h e o'clock, as an up goods train shunting at siO'nn.lman-a man named Pope-was leanIng out of the \\"Indo", of when he over-balanced and fell or. the rai ls. The wheels of engme ran over him severing both his legs Fortunately brakesman Richardson, the captain of the T onbridge was present, and once put on ligatur es to stop the bleedlllg, wlll ch n'lust have Wlse quickly brought about deat,h. poor fellow was then. placed 111 L,h e train and conveyed to Guy s H osp Ital, Lon don, where Richard so n "a s hiO'hly commended by the doctors, who declared that had not been his prompt action death must have ensued before 'M rlval at the hospital fro m hremorrhage,

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NOTICE TO OUR READERS.

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of the limb-it was bett e r to use the improvised one; a tourniquet should never be left on longer than two homs.

COTTO1\' WOO L.- Thi s was both absorbent a nd carbolised, and could be used as a sponge to wash wounds with; as a dre ss ing soaked in an antiseptic or oi l , and also to the skin with.

BORIC LINT .-T his is lin t satmated with boric aciJ, an antiseptic, and tinted pink; folded one, two, or three times it is u sed as a dressing or compress-t he most useful dressing in the hamper.

ADHESIVE PLAISTER.-This was a rubber plaister and would adhere to the skin without heating, but the skin must be dry and free from grease; it is used for bringing the edges of wounds together, and in putting it on care should be taken to get a good purchase on each side of the wound; a wound should never be entirely co\'ered o,'er with plaister, spaces must be left for the lymph to ooze through.

ROLLER BA:.l DAGES.-These could be u sed in cases where a more even pressure was required than could be got b y a. triangular bandage, such as small wounds on the limbs, hands, or fingers or face; but no one should attempt to put on a roller bandage unless they had considerable practice-it looks easy, but it is not so easy as it looks.

TRL\XGUL\R BAXDAGES,- The uses of these were too well kn own to need description.

· TAPE.-C :)Uld be used as a narrc\\' finger bandage or to fix splints on im bs in default of a proper bandage · to be u sed in cases of weak action of the heart, but it was advisable for first-aiders to use other stimulants which were not quite so· pleasant to the tuste, and leave this for the doctor to order.

· SAL VOLATILE.-This is the stimulant generally used, and could be CYi\'en in dose3 of about 30 minims (drops) in two tablespoonfuls of the dose varying according to the patient and the condition of the patient. It mig-ht he sometimes advisable to increase the effect. as in heart disease, at the same time making it more unpleasant by addmg the same quantity of Spirits of Ether and a little more \v ater.

SPIR[TS OF'ETHER -Anotherstimulant mDre poweriul than the former to be used in se,'ere cases of shortness of the breath, about 30 or 6 0 minims in an ounce or two of water (two to four tablespoonfuls), or ca n be used as slated aboye. It will be observed that :he doses are given on the label s SPIRITS OF \nNE.-This is not for internal use, but IS Il1tended for an evaporating lotion, one part in te:1 to twenty of water, for putting o n sprains and bru ises.

A lecture on the aboye subject was delivered o n :'Iarch 18t h by Hon. Surgeon Heaton C. at the CuiI-oss Hall, King's Cross, to the members o.f the Metrop o litan Corps There was a good mu ste r, and after a felY remarks ry Chief Superintend ent :'Il orga n The le ct urer said tha t when h e was first asked to spea k o n this subject he thought that he should be able to tell them ve r y little that they did not know, but on making a few inqu iries he disco\'ered that there were many members of the Corps who had only seen t he outside of the hamper, and there were also many who, though they had seen the contents did not know the different llses to which they cou ld be put. He trusted that he should be able to impart some infor mation

The eq uipment consisted of the hamper, th e hane sac and ,Yater bottle The size of th\! hamper is 2.J. in. long by rot in wide and in. deep.

It is covered with brown canvas and fastened with a strap which sen'es as a h a ndle, It opens in to two hah'es and contains set of :'Il odern Splints, I set of Cane Splints , Elastic Band Tourniquet, i -l b. Carbolic Cotton \Vool and i -l b Boric Lin in Tin Cases, I Roll Adhesive Plai ste r, 20 Roller Bandages, assorted, I doz Triangul ar Bandages, 3 pieces Ta pe 8 oz Brandy, 4 oz. Sal V o latile, 8 oz. Gly cer ine and Absolute Ph enol

50 %' 4- oz Bicarbonate of Soda, 4 oz. Olive Oil, 4- oz. Spirit Ether Co mp.,8 oz. Spirit \Tin. Rect., i-lb. Tin Powdered Boric Acid, +oz. Tin cture Eucalyptus B.P.C., I pair Peon 's Forceps, 1 pair Scissors, Knife, 12 Surgeon's :r\eedles, p acket each Safety and Plain Pins. t oz. Carbolise d Chinese Twist, :! oz. Silkworm Gut, reel eacb Black and White Sewing Thread, Vulcanite kidney shaped Basin, St opper L oose n er, Gradua ed Measure, I cake 20 per cent. Car bolic S oap, Nail Brush. The follow in g are the chief items the lecturer touched upon :_ SPL INTS :-Th e w ooden ones theywere well acquainted with, and it sh o uld be notl::ed that the cane ones could b e bent so as to fi t round a limb better than the wo od en ones.

TOURNIQUET.-He calied th is th e most foi midable instrument in the hamper, and advised th at it s h o ul d never be used unless there was the most urgent ne cess ity for it -as it strang ul ated the whole thickness

_.., CARBOLIC \CID A':\D GLYCERL\E.-Or as It IS sometimes called Absolute Phen ol mixed with 50 per cent of Glycerine. is a po\yerful an tiseptic, and is used for washing wounds wi.th, for which. pu:pose a solution mUot be m3.de o.f 2 parts of the aCid In 60 parts of water. th e glycerIne bemg added to .the aC;d In order make it more soluble. It also makes a good dressll1g for grayel -rash, when mixed with oliye o il, one part in ten, the wound being covered up with lint or cotLo n woo soaked in it. The le cturer hoped that no member of the Bricyade would ever CYiYe carbolic acid in mistake; if such a misfortune "did happen, the best thing to do would be to give th.e patient the oli"e oil which \\'as in anothe: bottle. In order to If possible any such catastrop he, he adVised that the carbolIc aCid be placed i:1 a diffeJ'em shaped bottle, and labelled ,. Poison."

E 'CAL Y PTCS. - This is a tincture and is used as an a small quantity being put - in \Yater and. the \round b.a thed With .It It also acted as a styptic if applied undIluted ThIS IS the .applIcatlon most commonly used It had one ad\·antage,.lt \\'a s not OLn-E OIL. -Th is is us ed as an applIcatlOl1 for b.UrTIS, the Imt or \\' 001 beincy well s oaked in it.

C:\RBO X ATE OF SOD_-\. -This ca n be given internally for heartburn ten to fifteen o'lains in two tablespoonfuls of water. Externally, a of it, say one ablespoonfu l n two tablespoonfuls of water, is useful in allayiI1CY the pain of the byrns, to be applied on lint or cotto n wo ol. It is to. given 111 <;>f aCid poisoninO' but care must be taken by glVll1g It III small qu ll1tltles, on account the effervescence that it causes.

BORIC ACID.-Is a white powder, antiseptic, and non-pOISOn?US, and i s used for dusting o n wounds before putting on the pad.or dressll1g. ARTERY FORCEPS instrument IS used .for taking hold of small spurting- arteries and twisting them, or hol?ll1g them for the surgeon to tie, Th e catch on the handles should The blades ca n also be taken apart for the purpose of cleal11ng, WhiCR should be thoroughly done after u sing. -

llecture 011 H JEqllipntent anb its 1L1ses."

FIRST

SURGEO 'S EEDLES, CHINESE TWIST, and GUT are for the use of the surgeon only. Tbe I?ointed out that it was not part of the first-aider's duty to put a stitch III any wound, he must do the best he cou ld with pbister and bandages. .,.

In order to keep wounds aseptic, in addition to uSlllg antl.septlCs, It was necessary for the dressers themseh'es see that thell'. hands were perfectly clean, and for that purpose carbolic soap and a nail brush were provided.

All instruments that were used when on duty should be returned qULte clea.n and dry, and the hamper should be neatly packed up.

THE HA YRESAC was a large brown canvas bag, 15 111 long, 4 111 wide, and 8 in. deep, the top being fastened over with two In the front was a brge pocket a se t wo oden small pockets alsol in the front contmned kmfe, roll of PIl1S, needles and thread, and a pair of scissors attached to a challl. In the body of the bag was a tin case containing triangular .bandages. bandages, cotton wool, coric lint , and four bottles With Sal VolatIle, Eucalyotus, Spirit of Ether, and Olive Oil, and small glass measure. Thtre was no tourniquet. A attached to either end of the surface for the purpose of ca.rrying it oyer the completed I.t.

THE 'Y,-\TER BOTTLE was made of copper tInned over, With a strap for carrying; the lid formed a small cup and was fastened by a chain. It was importaut to remember that the bottle should be kept perfectly clean, and that only clean water should be put into it.

At tbe close Chief Superintenden ;\I organ moved a vote of to the lecturer for h is intere sting discourse, wbi ch he was certam was much wanted.

St. 30bn tltnbulance :f13rigabe.

ANf\"uAL CONFERENCE.

The Third Annual Conference of tbe S1. John Ambulance Brigade was held in the Council Chamber, Leicester, on the 6th March, and was attended by nearly r50 delegates from Oorps and Divisions in all parts of the country. Amongst those present were n oticed Col.. T.

Th ackeray, V.C., C.B., R.E. , Commissioner, Deputy CommiSSIOner

Lieut.-Col. Elliston, Deyuty !. C. " a rd ell, Brigade Chief Superintendent 'V. J. Church BraSier, AsslstantCommissioners Milburn, M .R, J. C. D erham, and T. H. Woolston, Superintendent W. H. 'Ninny (Metropolitan Corps), hon. secretary of ne conference; T ransport Superinte ndent J. E. Roper (Leicester Corps), assistant hon. secretary. There were also present Corps: Cbief Surgeon S. Osborn. F.R.C.S Hon. Surgeons H. C. J. H Volland, F. L. Pochin, Chief Superintendent W. H. Morgan, Superintend ents '.\T. D. Liddell, W. J. Pontin,W. J. Horton, G. J. Robin so n, A. J . T rimmer, F. D. Mackenzie, A. P. Hayman, J. C. Lines, 'Veb sler Lucke, E. H. Evans, Lady Superintendent 2I1rs. Church Brasier, Lady Secretary Mrs. Calvin Lines, l1rs. Gent, Miss Bourke, Lady Secretary Wellingborough Corps: Chief Surgeon W. E. AudlC),nd, Chief Superintendent T. H. Hil ton , Superintendents C. Nicholson, T. E. Graveley, ]. IVY. HigglJ1s, First Officer '''. O. Saunders, A. O. Groom, Lady Superintendent Miss M. E. W oolsto n. Northampton Corps: Hon. Surgeon c\Iilligan , Chief Superintendent ]. Perry, Superintendents Olney, Reev es, Thorpe. Leicester Corps: H on Surgeons Pope, Pratt, Lewitt. Hunter, Barlow, Davies, Blakesley, Shearer, Neale, Spen ce (Sys'ton), Gordon Kelly (Desford), Chief Superintendent J. H. Buckley, Rev. Sanders, LL.D. (chairman of centre), Superintendent Se cretary F. H. Turner, Superintendent Trea surer T. How ard Lloyd, Lady Superintend ent JUis s K. Fullagar, Sup erintenden ts B. Green, H. E. Clay ten, 1- L. King, L. H all, T. Skeffington, Z. Langham, VV. Bent (Syston), Wm. Ely (Fire Brigade), First Officers W. Stranks, J. dill, J. Armstrong, E. Brown, J. Y\,. H efford, Second Officers G. Stevenson, J. G. M'Jbbs, B. K ell ett , Third Offi cers Miss Pochin, A. T. Ellis, J. Cha:-::J.an, Fourth Officer Mrs. M. E. Adcock, Lady Se creta ry Miss F. Rodgers. Great Eastern Railway Corps: First Offic ers G. Frost, J aggard, G. Keary. G. Asson, S econd Officers ZeUy, G. T rory, Randall. IIull Corps: Chief Superintendent M. H o pper , Lady Superintendent Mrs. L averack, Superintendent Secretary E. F. Krause, Superintendent Tunnard Lady Secretary Mrs. R. C. Brewer. North Stafford Corps: Rev :. C. R. Scott, Chief Superintendent S.YV. Malkin, Superintendents Makepeace, Boardman, Officers Hyslop, Han cock. Kettering

Corps: Chief Superintendent F. T. Tr enery, Superintendent S ec retary

C. W. Superintendent T. A. Simpson. Nortb East Lancashire

':::orps Chief Superintendent Veevers, Superintendent Secretary Swanton, Lady Secretaries Miss Fletcher, Mrs. Davies. Dudley Corp s : Chief Superintendent J. Slater, Sup erintende nts A. T. Dawson, W. E. IIartl and Birmingham Oorps: Supel intendents F. Gilbert, J. Lacon, ]. Dudley, H. J. Living sto ne, A. E. Wright. Accrington Oorps : Chief Superintendent L. 'NhiUaker, Superin tendent J. H oga n. Win sfo rd

Corps: Superintendent Heathcote, Second Officer W. Buckl ey Tib sh elf and Birchwood Corps: Second Officer Savage. Shrewsrury Corp s :

Chief Superintendent Captain G. "V. Freeman. Tron Bridge: Chief Superintendents J. ,v. White, T. J. Webb, Lady Secret1.ry Mrs. T. E. Webb. Bristol: Third Officer S. Adams. Herne Bay: Superintendent

J. F. Shelley. Faversham: First Officer C. E. Clinch. elson : Chief ndent W. Bolton. Bath: Superintendent H. Humphries.

AID. [April, 1897.

Aylesbury: Superintendent J. F. Roche. Handsworth: Chief Super intendent H Beck. yVelbeck: Superintendent E. G. Hamlyn. Blackpool Lady Superintendent Miss A. V. M. Orme.

Tbe arrangements made by Hon. Secretary W. Humph.ris Winny and Superintendent Roper, of for the accommodatl<;>n. of the delegates and visitors were. praised by everybody, and the opll1lOn was generally expressed that thiS was the best and most successful conference that has yet been held.

His Worship the Mayor of Leicester O. H. Marshall, Esq.), held a Reception in the Ante-Room at p.m., at which the deleg:ates. were presented to him, and afterwards formally opened the meetll1g 10 the Coun cil Chamber. In the course of his remarks he said that it gave him great pleasure to preside at a meeting of this kind, as he thought that all movements of this kind which help to save life and prevent suffering ought to be encouraged. He understood that Leicester Co:ps was one of the oldest in the St. John Ambulance and at preseat consisted of over 300 members. Most of the lpoitce force and of the fire Brigade hold first aid certificates. He thought so well of the work that be himself was going through a course very shortly. He did not suppose tbat insti t utions of this kind were ever in want of but if they wanted money in Leicester to support it he would subscnbe and do hi s best to help them.

Col. Thackeray, the Commissioner of the S1. J ohn in a few well chosen words thanked the Mayor for hiS hosp1tahty and for his kindness in lending the beautiful hall to hold their conference in. The meeting then adjourned for luncheon at the Royal Hotel. The proceedings of the Conference began at 3 o'clock and the chair was taken by the Commissioner, Col. Thackera,Y, V.C., C.B., R.,E., who, in his add "ess, welcomed the delegates for their presence at thJl:d conference of the Brigade. He was sorry to say that he was afraid thiS would probably be the last time that he should have tbe honour. of. presid ina- over their annual conference. He had now been commlSSlOner for years, and he could not vacate the office without tendering hi s thanks to the Deputy Commissioners and officers for the support and assista n ce that they had rendered him. He had always endeavoured to do his best to improve the statu" of the brigade, and he was ha.ppy to say that it had increased in strength and efficiency. (Applause ).

The prese nt year would probably be one of great activity for the brigade, in consequence of the celebration of the Queen's record reign, which certain to cause a great deal of work in the streets of London It WIl! probably be nece ssary to call upon the Deputy of -t?e districts o assist in London on the day of the celebration. The Chalrro 'ln, in conclusion, read a number of extracts from report.

The first resolution on the agenda was moved by Chief SuperIntendent Hopper (Hull), as follows :-" That in the opinion of this the time has arrived when the Government should be approached With the object of their officially re cogn isi ng the work of the St. John Ambulance Brio-ade, by way of subsidy, capitation grant, or other acknowledo-me"'nt as a branch of tbe public service." Mr, Hopper said he fully the importance the res.olution he was sUbmitti.ng to them, but he believed that all orgamsed bodLes of workers when framlDg their programme asked for much in the hope. of getting a little. Many of the chief superin ten dents and officers of vanous ambulance corps work in the county, and in large towns often met with a great cleal.of difficulty in raising the necessary funds to carryon the wo rk effiCiently. He thought that they ought t o receive some form of subsidy, some acknowleda-ment from the I-lome Office to belp them to carryon theIr work more"'successfully. They did not want to lose their independence or their individuality, bnt at the same time they had this difficulty to face, and therefore the sooner they took it in hand the Superintendent Secretary Krause seconded the resolutIOn, remarkJl1g that what was proposed in the resolution was done in other parts of the world, and might therefore be adopted in Dr. Osborn (Metropolitan Corps) sa1d he hoped Supenntendent Hopper would be persuaded to withdraw the resolution. There were many members of the brigade, and many ladies in the Metropolitan Corps, who would not wish to receive any gratUlty for work which they did. (Applause). He thought the ambulance bngade would make a very great mistake in applying to Government at all. The Government, if they rendered would naturally expect to have a certain amount of control, wblch he thought they, as an ambulan ce brigade would be very sorry indeed to submit to. He was quite certain control would yery materially limit their operations; and in addi tion to that they had also to bear in mind that they belonged to an order of which they were very proud, viz., the Order of St. ] ohn of Jerusalem-(applau se) -wbich he was perfectly certain WOUld. not permit any interference from Government or anyone else. He qUIte agreed that money was required, but there were many bodies that recelved marked b e nefit from tbe brigade to whom they might apply for support. There was the Council, who would decidedly be only too willing to give a certain amount of financial aid to such a cause, and there was also the Standing Joir;t Committee, who would also no doubt render them some assistance.

Deputy Commissioner. Wardell, in resolution, said it was a most important thll1g that theyas an lI1stltutlOn sho uld have some

April, 189 7.J FIRST

sort of recognit.ion from the State, some pecuniary help to enable them to carryon their work.

Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier said he should strongly resent any Government interference. Superintendent Hopper had spoken of receiving aid from the Home Office. If tbey accepted help from that quarter tbey would have to be attached to the local police force. (La.ughter.) They ,vere proud of the fact that they were volunteers purely and simply, and therefore they bad no wish to be placed under publi.c control; they were proud of their Order and proud of the head of their he.was sure they would remain so. (Applause).

Deputy CommiSSIOner Milburn supported the resolution which was put to meeting an.d rejected by a large majority.

Superintendent (Metropolitan Corps) moved, and Superintendent Roper (Leicester) seconded, II That a list of all official po sitions in the brigade be printed, stating rank, duties, and qualifications."

Chief Superintendent Hopper moved. and Superintendent Secretary Krause seconded, as an amendment, "That all words after' that' be omitted, and the following words be added, '.the Commissioner be asked to drawn up, approve.d, and pron;ulgated, definitely statll1g, and m as much detail as pOSSible, the duties of each rank in the Brigade."

The amendment was adopted.

The following resolution was carried, on the motion of Chief Superintend.ent. Whittaker, sec.onded by Superintendent He athcote, " That th.e 'progress. the brigade has made during the last two years, It IS the opll1lOn of thiS conference that a revision of some of the regulations is desirable in order to make them sufficiently comprehensive the of the. Brigade in to its increa sed strength."

Chief Supenntendent Whlttaker (Accnngton) moved, "That in the opinion of this conference it is desirable that officers of corps and divisions should have some special qualification for their post beyond that required of the rank and file; and that it be recommended to the Commissioner of the brigade, that some regulation to this end be issued." There was a great difficulty, added Superintendent Whittaker, in officering tbe provincial corps, and a great deal of the indifference and apathy towards the movement was due to the inefficiency of some of the officers chosen. The regulations stipulated that the appointment of officers should be made through the Local Centre Committee, but they did not specify how or by whom they should be made. He thought that each of the officers should prove to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner of the district his qualifications for the post either by a brief examinatI on or some other means.

Superintendent Heathcote (Win s ford), in seconding the res olu tion, said he would not make the examination compulsory in the case of existing officers for obvious reasons. (Laughter).

The Chairman remarked that all the members of a corps had first to pass an examination, and the officers were generally selected from those who were most efficient.

The resolution was unanimously aclopted.

Chief Superintendent Whittaker moved, "That in view of the fact that one of the objects of this Brigade is to hold itself willing and fitted to act as as an auxiliary to the regular medical staff corps in case of necessity, either at home or abroad, it IS the desire of this that some intimation be made of the probable use the Brigade would be put to in that exigency, so that its discipline and its drill may be framed in accordance therewi h."

The resolution was adopted unanimously.

Some discussion took place on a resolution, moved by Chief Superintendent 'Vhittaker, proposing that it should be represented to the Central Executive Committee of the St. John Ambulance Association, that considering the fact that its funds were derived from sub sc riptions gathered from the whole country, and from profits fr om stores sold throughout the land, it was desirable that a porti on of sLlch funds sbould be devoted to equipping the corps and divisions in the provinces, an d that all corps and divisions be put upon an equal basis in regard to thiS matter.

Brigade Chief Superintendent Brasier opposed the resolution, pointing out that the Executive Committee were putting a certain amount of money together as a reserve fund and it would be und es irable to spread this in assisting provincial corps. He believed that in almost eyery district the needful funds could be raised for the local corps if they went to work in the proper way.

The Chairman interrupted one speaker, and held that this conference could not discuss the methods by which the Associ;ltion in cr eased its funds, or dictate what it should do with them.

Hon. Surgeon Pratt said he understood the money was chiefly needed to put the corps into uniform, which did not help the ambula.nce work one scrap. (" Question," and a Voice: "It makes convicts of them.")

They felt very strongly on the point in Leicester. (A '.'oice: (( You are years behind in Leicester.") They had always been in tbe foremost ranks in ambulance ·work. Leicester was one of the first places to take up the work. and they bad always belonged to one of the largest divisions.

They felt very strongly on the uniform question, and he believed he might go so far as to say tbat there was not the slightest prospect of the Leicester men ever consenting to wear a uniform. {Applause}. The res ol ution was u ltimately rejected.

AID. 171

other matters dealt with by the conference it was decided that Bngade Conference should be held at least once in three years, but 111 the event of any business of special importance arising, intermediate conferences be calle d at the discretion of the Conference Committee for the time being and with the concurrence of the Central Executiv Committee. It was also resolved that the next conference should be h eld at BlackpooL

A .committee of .lady was appointed to consider the questIOn of amendll1g the regulations affecting the nursing sisters. It was also resolved to ask the Commissioner to obtain the consent of tbe Central ,Executive Committee to pu blish in Fz rst A zd all promotions, and ot her matters, which should be notified for general mformatlOn Il1 the Brigade.

A vote was passed to the Commissioner, on the motion ')f Distnct Commissioner Trim ble,who referred in terms of deep regret to Golonel Tha ckeray's pending re sign a tion, and the Commissioner briefly replied.

The Conference Committ ee was elected, and the business of the conference concluded

THE DINC'lER

In the evening the officers and delegates dined together at the Royal Hotel. Assistant-Commissioner Trimble presided, and he was supported by the Mayor (Councillor J. H. Marshall), Canon Sanders, Colonel Elliston, and Assistant Superintendent Roper (Leicester), and among those present were Chiet Superintendent Buckley (Leicester), Chief Superintendent Perry (Xorthampton), Hon. Surgeons Hunter and Neale (Leicester), Superintendent Ely, and others.

After the loyal toasts had been given from the chair, the i\Iayor proposed the" Army, Navy, and Rese r ve Forces," to which Colonel Elliston responded.

Cbief Sup erintendent :'Il organ Oletropolitan Corps) proposed the health of the" Leicester Corporation," to whom, he said, they all felt deeply grateful for the excellent arrangements they had made for th e conference, and for the cordial vvelcome they had given to the delegates. (Applause). These gatherings brought the various members of the Brigade closer together, and cemented tbe brotberhood bet wee:: them, and, in fact, he really believed that ambulance work was something of a masonic character. (Applause.)

Canon Sander s responded in a humorous speech, and remarked that the success 01 the conference was in a very great measure due to the labours of Assistant Superintendent Roper. (Applause). Leicester, he continued, was a curious town, and its nature1yasessentially smobom, but when once it got hold of a g ood thing it stu ck closely to it, and he would back Leicester enterprise for what it deemed to be good against any otber town in the kingdom. (Applause). They had found that ambulan ce work was good, and they would therefore do their utm os to forward it. (Applause).

Assistant !Superinten dent R oper and Superintendent Buckley also responded.

Brigade Chief Superintendent Brasier proposed the health of the " ;\ledi cal Staff." If it were not, he said, for the medical profession, the S1. John Ambulance Brigade would not be in existence. \Yh en the m ovement was first started it was tabooed to a great extent, and they were told that the whole of the medical profession would be in arms against them. That prediction howeyer, had not been verified, beca u se at the present time the staunchest friends that the ambulance mo\'ement had were the members of the m ed ical profession, and more paliicularl y those who were connected with the Brigade work. It was great,y due to wha t the medical profession was doing for them to-day that the St. John Ambulance Brigade ,,'as standing so well to the front. (Applause).

Dr. Osborn, in responding, endorsed the last speaker's remarks with rea-ard to the influence of the medical profession on the ambulance brigade. He emphasised the in:por.tance of a standard of examinations, in order to mall1tall1 tbe effiCiency of the Brigade. He took a very great intere st in the mo\'ement. and was that the Bria-ade and the association.would be \\-recked lIther dld not Impress upon their examiners the importance of up standard of efficiency throughout the country. They had Il1 their hands at the present time one of the most n oble and one of the most useful that eyer was started in this country, and the 'whole of the medlCal profession would be grieved to see the whole thing wrecked through any injudicious movement, such as he had alluded to. Dr. adyocated the appointment of a small medical board, as an board, as the best means of maintaining a uni,'ersal standard of effiCiency.

lIon Sura-eons Hunter and Ne ale (Leicester) also responded.

Asoistant "Commissioner T. H. 'Yoolston pro posed « Tbe Town and the P-rosperity of Leicester," and the in re,sponding, wbat had been said with regard to mall1talL1lngeffiCiency of the.bngade. \Vork of an inferi or character would be run dowlI by the medical proIesfion, and the Brigade sh o uld striYe t o. do even better, if possi?le, in order to retain the sympathY of tbe medical men,. and of tbe public.

The bealth of tbe chairman brought the toast-list to. a close:

On Sunday morning the delegates attended a speCial serYlce at St. Martin's Church. Assemblingat the Town Hall, and headed by a body of police, they accompanied the ;\hyor and members of the to the church, marching in procession, a complement of the Fire Bngade bringing up the rear.

The third Annual Oonference of the St. BRIGADE John Ambulance Brigade was held at Leicester early last month, and seems to haye been a most successful one, and has o'i,'en the various officers every opportunity of ventilating their opinions on subjects in which they interested.

It is pleasin<Y to note the number of promment officers who 'were and the enthusiasm was on the different matters brought up for

Apart from the matt.ers connected with the mternal mana<Yement of the Brwade, there appear to haye been resolt.rtions proposed relating to subjects which be fairly discussed by those who, though not. officially connected with the St. John Ambulance Bngade, are interested in ambulance work generally. One of these was to the effect that Goyernment should be approached with the object of their officia.lly recognising the w?rk of the St. John Ambulance Bngade, by way of subSIdy or otherwise as a branch of the public sen-ice. A proposal of this seems to us somewhat far reaching, perhaps more so than the speakers imagined, and can be distinctly diyided into t,yO parts, yiz. :-firstly, ,,-hether Gm'ernment should help the Brigade by way of subsidy or otherwise; secondly, whether the Brigade or any portion of it should be utili sed as a branch of the public sen-ice. The first part was the only one discussed, and was met by a decided negatiye. As this was a question affecting each individual member of the Brigade, they were quite justified in expressing their opinion upon it, and they thought if Goyernment helped them in any way, they would lose their connection 'with the Order of St. John, and with that the independence they at present enjoy. So far as we feel competent to speak on the question, we cannot blame them for the course they tool",

The second part of the resolution opens out a matter that posseses interest for many who are not members of the Brigade, but it is one that is comi n g to the front, and will, sooner or later, engage the attention of the powers that be. In our opinion, the time will come when every large town will find it imperative to have some kind of ambulance equipped and maintained at the public expense. \Vh en one comes to think of the ad vantages to the community at large such a service would bring, the only surprise is that our \'arious Oounty Councils, which show so much zeal in spending money in many ways for the benefit of the mind and intellect of the people, have not yet made any attempt to look after its physical welfare, considering the numerous street accidents that daily oc:::ur. Expression of opinion from Oounty Oouncils and similar institutions would go a long way to bring the matter to the attention of Government, and that would be the step in getting Parliament to do what is required. It is hardly worth while to discuss the necessity of a scheme of this kind, for it must be apparent to anybody who is at all acquainted with the subject. vVhen such a service beco mes an accomplished fact, it 'will doubtless be composed of men drafted from the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and would thus become salaried public sen·ants. The ntahty and usefulness of the Brigade howeyer would not be interfered with, the vacancies thus created would be filled up, and the work that it does now,yould have to be done then, for no public ambulance service could keep up staff larg e enough to cope with demonstrations, proceSSIOns and large assemblies of the like character.

AID. [April, 1891'.

was with a feeling of deep regret that the meeting heard Col. Thack eray mention his approaching retirement from the post of Commissioner .of the Brigade.. Durin g the four years that he has been 111 office the Bngade has made great progress, necessitating n?-any changes and reforms which have been ably carned out under the direction of the Commissioner. The work that has had to be done in inspecting country corps alone shows that the position is not a sinecure, and we trust that Brigade and its int ere sts will be as well cared for by hIS s ucces sor.

\lVe cannot refrain from mentioning that the Conference unanimously decided that all official information of the Brigade be published in this. Journal, .subject. to the consent of the Central Executl\'e CommIttee be111g first obtained. This will s ave officials of the various corps a deal of unnecessary labour, and each member will only have to l ook in this Journal to ascertain the orders of the month.

motes.

By "TOURNIQUET "

ANOTHER Conference has corne and gone, and a great success it wa s. It was most pleasant to see so many familiar faces and renew acquaintanceships. The .\Ietropolitan .Corps sen t up ::t pretty good contingent, and the number of officers II1 attendance showed a great increase on former years.

LEICESTER did its duty nobly by welcoming the Brigade so warmly, and the .\layor pleased everybody by the kind words that he spoke, and by allowing the to be held in their beautiful Council Hall -n ot Town Hall, you wIll observe.

* * "*

IT was with great regret that we all heard Col. Thackeray say that in all probability this \yould be the last Conference he would preside over. He will be missed with deep regret, for it will be difficult to find a more genial and kind·hearted gentleman.

* **

THE first proposition of Chief Supt. Hopper to the effect that Gm'ernment should take over the BI igade '\'as opposed by Chief Surgeon Osborn and Brigade Chief Supt. Brasier, who held that under no circumstances should the Brigade lose its independence, which it would if placed under Government control. The motion was lost by a big majority. I should be very sorry to see he Brigade altered out of shape, as it ,,'ou ld be if Government officials had the handling of it.

* **

THE last proposition on the Agenda was by Chief Supt. Hopper that a quarterly circular should be issued containing all inform::ttion concerning the Brigade. Hon. Surgeon H.C.Howard rose, and in supporting the motion, suggested that all official information concerning the Brigade should be publishd in "FIRST AID," of which journal he admitted being the Editor, and. he could see, amid the ch.eers that followed his confession, that he was lmpartlllg some mformatlOn not generally known. The Chairman said he saw no objection to it, but that he would have obtain the consent of the Central Executive Committee. The resolution was passed unanimously without further discussion.

$t. 301)11 Bnlbulance Bssociatto11.

HOSPITAL SATURDAY FUND CENTRE.-The Annual Meeting of the Hospital Saturday Fund was held on Saturday, 20th ?lhrch, at the Mansion HOl1De, under the presidency of the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor the Lady Mayoress being also present. After the general business connected with the Hospital Saturday Fund the Lady Mayore ss presented the certificates to the successful pupils (40 in number) of the recent first aiel and nursing classes held at the centre. The nursing si sters of the division, under the charge of Lady Superintendent Mi ss Julia Mann, were presen t, and after the distri bution of the certificates were entertained by the Lady Mayoress; they partook of tea, and were shown over the apartments of the Mansion House.

SUFFoLK.-The Technical In st ruction Committeeof the East Suffolk County Council have voted £40 in order that the County Police may go through a second course of instruction in ambulance work. Mr. G, S. Elliston will give the course of six lectures 3t Ip swich, commencing March I6th, Mr. F. Ward at Midbridge, Dr. R oberts at Lowestoft Mr. de Nyssen at Beccles, and Mr. Adcock at Framlingham.

1897.)

FP-RST "

BRIGADE LIEUT.-COL. G. S. E LLI ST 0)," , V.D. , HARWI CH INFA.NTRY BRIGADE, DEP JTY CO;\nIISSIOXER, ST. JOHN Al\IBULANCE BRI GADE

THEgen tl eman whose portrait graces our Gallery this month has a career in Volunteer and Ambulance work which few can equal, and sti ll fewer urpass.

Elliston was born and ed ucated in I p '\Vic h. He studied medicine at Guy's Hospital, where he held se'veral se nior appointments.

After taking the ::\1.R.C.S. Eng. and L. e was appointed House Surgeon at the Royal Free Hospital, and afterwards at the East Suffolk. Hospital at Ipswich.

He commenced practice at Ipswich in 1873, and on the passing of the Publir:: Health Act in 1872, ,,-as appointed the first l1iI.edical officer of Health for Ip swic h, a position which he still holds.

He received his first commission as Acting Assistant Surgeon in the 1st Suffolk Rifles in 1872, and in the following year, when examinations for Yolunteer Medical Officers were first instituted, passed at Oolchester for the certificate of proficiency. He was then gazetted Assistant Surgeon to the East Suffolk Battalion, now the first V.B. Suffolk Regiment, in which he has pas se d through all the gl ades.

At the of 1890 Colonel Elliston was made Brigade Surgeon Lieut. Col. on the staff of the Harwich \' OlUI1 teer Infantry Brigade and has had much ex.perience in organising the Ambulance Ho sp ital arrangements at more than 2 0 Annual Brigade camps at Lowestoft, Felixstowe and Colchester.

He first took up a:-nbulance ,,,ork in 1879 with Lieut. Maclure and the late Surgeon-Major Shepherd of the "Victorias," and in the same year he raised, equipped and instructed an Ambulance Corps of the 1st Suffolk R.V. In 1880 he assisted the late Col. Duncan, R.A. in organising the Ipswich Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association and was induced by Col. DUllcan to begin ambulance work among ci\'ilians, and in that year ga,'e first aid and nursing classes. Since then Dr. Elli ston has been a tmyer of strength to the amb\llance cause in Ea s t Anglia, and has instructed many classes for the Ipswich Centre and Ea st Suffolk Oounty Uouncil, for which latter he also exam lnes.

The St: John Ambulance Association h,we recognised Dr. Elliston's sen-ices by making him examiner in 1880 and Hon. Life Member in 18 I, and the Order of Sl. J ohn elected him an Hon. Associate in I893. In Augu s t 96 he was further honoured by being appointed Deputy Commissioner of No. District.

001. Elliston was the first. batch of Volunteer Officers to receive the V.D in No,',' r89:!. He is\.TicePresident of the V olun teer Ambulance School ofInstructlOn.

AID. 173

and unassuming in manner, Col. Elli st on ha s th e estee m and friendship of all th ose who ha\'e the pnvllege of claiming friendship, and the great work that he ha:s and IS doing for the ambulance cause in East -:.\.ngha WIll cause his name long to be remembered. \.Ve sll1cerely tru st that he will continue his labours for many years.

$t. :titnbulance

:\1ETROPOLIT :-J COI{PS,-The \ nllu:lI Concert "ill be held at I!olborn Town .Hall on Wednesday, :\.pril I+lh, at 8 p.m. Lord has kll1,?ly consented to take the Ch:lir, and \"ill be accom?y La?y h.llutsford. i\1 r. A. J. Trimmer, Superintendent of S:O!.es, IS actlI1g' as Secretary, assisted by Superintendent Plel 5, to whom all commulllcatlOnsshould be3ddressed at Headquarters. Eo.sri S TUNDAY FL':-<l) Dn"rsro",.-.'-\' concert has been by :.\1155 EdIth JIann, and ber sister Superintendent :\Iiss Julia to. be. held at the E?olbo.rn .To\\'n I.hll on Tuesday, c\.pril 27th. ,\ll fil st-alders are espeCIally 111\'1 tel to Imerest themseh'es in this concert of are t? be del'oteJ to theyurchase of fOI the nurSll1g dIVISIon. TIckets mar be o!::>taIl1ed from J1 iss Edith :\Iann, 106, Sew3rclstone Road, Victoria P:lrk, X. E., or SuperintenJeni RundeJl, Head Quarters of the Di\'isi.on, 59, Farringdon Roau, HULL CORps.-During last month some yery successful meetino-s ha\'e beeen held at the and Xursing Division, a numbel thedl\'l Ion from the classes recently held. serious cases haye been treated the members, specially mentlOnll1g t\\'o cases treated by Sergt. \\ II1ter. one a fractured arm the other a case of crushed foot and scalp wound.

-:r: HE Competitions promoted by the St. John Ambulance ,\550are now on all, ol'er the country, anJ seem to be creatlllg great enthUSiasm. '" e hope next month to be able to o-il'e the names of the teams thrtt will be qU:llified for the final heat at"'tbe Crystal Palace on the 6th :\1ay. We understand that H.R.H. Princess Christian will be present

The preliminary heats of the annual competition of the C.E. R. haye been completed, and the winners eligible for the final on April 3rd at Stratford are, Ipswich, Bethnal Green, Li\'erpool Street, :\onrich Thorpe, and Cambriuge.

!Drill

ST. JOHX .:UIB GL.-\:\CE BRIGADE. TmSHELF. -Ord erly Officer for the month - Ist Officer Percy Ratcliff. Or.derly Sergeant for the .month-Sergt Jesse Strugnell. Orderly Pnvate .for the month-Pm'ate Joseph Radford. The Company will parade III plam clothes for B3ndage and Company Drill at 7 o'clock, on each in the month. The Bearer Company will practice Stretcher DrIll on the same date The Recruits will par3de on the same e\·ening for Drill under Davis or Strugnell. The Company \rill p3rade in uniform lIith leggings at Head Quarters on 18th inst" at 9.30 a.m., for Dirine Sen'ice at Pi Isley Church.

A:\lBCL,\.XC E SCHOOL OF I:\STRCCTIOX

Tuesd3Y, April 6th-The Transport of '''oundeL!. Surgeon-Lieut. .T. Cantlie, '\I.B. London Scottish R.I'. .\f onda)', .\.pril 20th-Parade for gener::tl instruction, Saturd:lY, April qth-Rehearsal for Inspection. Parade in Drill Order at + 30 p.m. Tuesday, .\pril :l7th-Prize Competition. Parad e in Drill Order at 8 p.m

TO CORRE

\VE thank our ya rious friends for cuttings, &c., many of which are crol"ded out.

HL'LL CE;\'TRE.-The nursing class of )Iessrs. Reckitt &. Co., Limit ed, was recently examined, when fifteen members passed. At a ?pecial meeting '\1r. J. R. Ferrens, :\f anaging Director, presented in the nam es of the members, to Dr. Priest Shall', the hon. instructor, a beautiful oak inst:lnd, and to :\irs. Kr3 u5e, class secretary a Russian leather hand bag, for their kindness in gi"ing so much time to the class'pI'. Priest Shaw gi l'ing ten lectures.

,

II ULL.-On the 6th i\brcb, Pril'ate A. C. Carter, of the \\ estern Division, \\'b o was sent as ambulance man to the "'est Hull Football Club, which had a malcb \\'ilh at Hessle, IIull, was fetched to the assistance of a young 1I'0man just t:tken out of the water, apparently drO\\l1ed. Carter at once Syh-ester's artificial respiration and was successful. Dr. M olineaux I"as s ent for, IIho ordered her to be taken to the police station where she was further attende d, and in the evening was fetched h ome by her father. It is not known h?w she got waler.

1ife Saving $ociet\2. SPECIAL NOTICE

is hereby given, that the Annual Rep ort of the Life S.o c ety will be ready for issue on the April. The whIch I.ncludes a special treatise on the subject of teaching sWlm.mlng, from photographs, will be forwarded on receIpt of applIcatIOn and stamped (one penny) addressed wrapper, at 8, Bayley Street, Bedford Square, London, W .C

A MEETING of the Central Executive was held on Thursday, March 11th, at the So ciety 's offic es, 8, Bayley Street, London, W.C., Guy M. Campbell, Esq., in t?e and there were present, Messrs. A. Gieve Buller MedWIn, Austin, May, Oscar Gndley, C.Val. Hunter, C.C., Wheeler, Grimwo od, Skinner, Harrison, Kruzer, Miss E. Kingston, Miss A. Stone, and W. Henry, Hon. Sec. The Hon. Sec. reported the formation of a branch in South Africa. The. rules h av ing been complied with, the branch was entered on the minutes and roll of membership as the "Western Province Bran ch of Cape Colony," and in order that no delay be incurred in the work of instruction and promotion of the Society's objects, the Hon. Sec. was instructed to forward the necessary papers.

A communication having been received from Mr. Archibald Sinclair, joint. Hon. Sec. of the Society, withdrawing from that position, which he has held since the foundation, it was unanimously resolved-That the Hon. Sec. be instructed to write Mr. Sinclair, and inform him that this meeting desire s to express on behalf of the Life Saving Society he hearty appreciation whi ch its members have of the zeal and devotion with which Mr. Sinclair has always given his time and energies in furthering the aims and objects of the sin::e its first inception, th at his withdrawal from office s only received and accepted with the very greatest regret, and that this meeting sincerely hopes the Society may, in the future, ava il themselves of Mr. Sinclair's valuable services. Report of the progress made in the work of instruction were submitted, and the examination of 56 Candidates for medalli o ns and certi fi cates from the win ter classes in various parts of the coun try were duly confirmed.

After hon. representatives in distant parts had been elected, it was unanimously resolved to award special prizes for teaching swimming in Elementary Schools during the coming season, and similar prizes fo r best essays on the art of swimming and life saving. The conditions were considered and referred to the following Sub-Committee for final approval-Miss E. Kingston, Miss A. Stone, and Messrs. Grimwood, May, Freeman and Stevens. The final report which includes a TREATISE ON TEACHING THE ART OF SWIMMING was approved and :ordered to be printed. The Committee learned with great pleasure that a member of the Sunderland Swimming Club now in South Africa had been mainly instrumental in saving life under most difficult circumstances, and resolved to congratulate the home class upon this gratifying result. The Hon. Sec having reported that the last edition of the handbook had been practically exhausted state d that a reprint was absolutely necessary thereupon it was unanimously agreed t o appoint a Sub-Committee with power to act a.nd make such revisions in the text as were necessa ry. The election of the Committee resulted as follows :-Messrs. Guy M. Campbell, W. G. Grimwood, E. C. Skinner and VV. H. Horder, with power to add to their number and draft the conditions for the diploma of the Society and alter the co nditions of examination for certificates and medallions in accordance with the resoluti o ns arrived at the Annual General Meeting. It was resolved to award prizes for an Irish National Life Saving Competition to be conducted on similar lines to those in Scotla nd and England, the winners of the final ties in each of these to compete in the semi-final and finals for the National Shield. The following gentlemen were appointed on the B..mergency Committee of the Executive: C. Val Hunter C.C., A. Lang Gieve, C. Crute, W. B. Norris and E. C. Skinner. On the application of the Committee of the Lifeboat Institution requesting the Societyto assist them In orgamsmga gala at the Crystal Palace on May 1st, it was resolved to forward a favourable reply and make full enquiries as to the condition of water .and convenience for conducting the display, and that the details be 1D the hands of the Emergency Committee. With reference to the signature and inscription on the proficiency certificates it was resolved, in of the large number that are granted, to have the full text ogether wit.h the president's signature. After some formal bUSiness had been disposed of the meeting closed.

THE GREAT DEMAND FOR THE HANDBOOK which was experienced last year will necessitate a new issue of this work, and in order that it may meet with the approval of all the Instructors ?f classes, and. be as. complete as it possibly can be made,

?f the Soc.lety Will welcome any suggestions in that dlfectlOn.. only deSire is to have the best production so that the work of lnstru c tlOn may be made as easy as possible to those who are enough to assist them in promotion of the objects of the Society and prevent the .great loss of life that annually occurs drowDing. The assistance that the Society has already recelVed from the Swimming Clubs in all parts of the country is most

Aib. [April, 1897.

gratifying, and the fact that branches are being formed in distant parts and that proficient members of classes of instruction in all parts of the world are meeting with signal success in all their attempts in rescuing the drowning, proves two matters of great importance: the first is that there is a general desire to acquire the knowledge; second, that the knowledge imparted is eminently useful and is carried out on lines which have proved to be correct, as through the methods that are advocated, many lives have been saved and not a single rescuer has been placed in danger of losing his own when attempting such a hum a ne and courageous act, in the interest of those whose education in swimming had been neglected, or from some other cause, had been placed in difficulties. Therefore the desire of the Executive to have a perfect Handbook of 1nstruction is a rational one, and we hope that those who have had the experienc :! will render all the assistance they can.

A RESCUE IN NEW ZEALAND

At the time when the Life Saving Society was formed, a class of instruction was opened at the Percy Hall, Tottenham Court Road. This class was the first of its kind ever opened under the auspices of the Society. At the time Mr. W. J. Stratton was a prominent member of the Zephyr S C., and one of the few members who took an interest in teaching Life Saving, and consequently was in regular attendance on class nights and soo n attained a high stage of proficiency, together with Mr. C. E. Macrae, the present Hon. Treasurer of the Southern Counties A.S.A. At that time the subject of Life Saving was not so very popular with swimmers as the organizers of the movement would have wished, but that popularity came later. It may be stated that the few who did join that class had to put up with all sorts of uncharitable remarks, but believing they were doing good and setting an excellent example, they went on and completed their cause. Shortly after Mr. J. Stratton had occasion to go to New Zealand where he has made a name for himself as a most swimmer and life saver. He has not only won several championships but has been the means of saving several lives under the most difficult circumstances, fearless of SHARKS, STRONG TIDES AND ROUGH WATER.

His latest achievement was at New Brighton, N.Z., when a young fellow fell off the pier, and n o twithstanding the stones and ebbing tide he dived to his rescue and brought him safely to shore, but not until both rescuer and rescued had been badly cut about with the shell-fish on the pier piles against which they had been repeatedly thrown on account of the roughness of the water. As a result of this meritorious act the local papers have taken up the subject, a class was at once fo rmed, and Mr. S tra tton has kindly undertaken to provide the instruction, all the necessary arrangements for its conduct having been provided free of cost. In one issue of this paper we have news of a most gratifying character from two distant Colonies where the knowledge promoted by the Society has penetrated.

SAVING LIFE AT SEA.

One of the members of the Society, who had passed the tests for proficiency, Lieut. W. Windham , on his way to Bombay in the s.s. Wa1Ten Hastings which was wrecked on January 14th, near the village of St. Philippe, in the island of Reunion , writes stating that he never felt more grateful for the knowledge he had acquired as he was on the occasion of this catastrophe, when his medallion and cert ificate sunk with the ship, and he had to swim for his life and assist o th ers who were in dif!icu.lties making use of the methods of rescue, release, and reSUSCItatIOn, as several of those he assisted were most violent and clutched like madmen, others were nearly dead when brought to a place of safety, and is pleased to state that many of those he had th.e honour of assisting owe life to the knowledge he had gained, through the care and attentIOn bestowed upon him by the Hon Instructor of the Society Mr J. W. Weeks is the gentleman referred to, who so ably taught Mr. Windham.

THE COMPLETE STORY OF THE GALLANT RESC UE RS and the has yet be told. The vVar Office memorandum gives but a verY'lDcomplete picture of the events of that terrible nicyht on the rocky of the. of But a full and ver)' striking narrative IS contained III the offiCial report which Commander Holland of the Warren Hasit"llgs, has sent home to Lord Lansdowne and which report has been laid on the table of the House of Commander H.olland descrl.bes with much detail the circumstances following the strandmg of the ship, and says :-" I have also to bring to your notice. the gallantry displayed by Lieutenant Walter Windham and Huddleston in saving life. 1 was an eye-witness from the bndge of the ve ssel of most of these acts. Lieutenant \Vindham saved several lives, going in time after time to aid drowning and exmen, till ,he was exhausted and could do no more. I have only eVidence concerning one man, which wiII be found in Colonel Walker's report, and this will, I trust, be sufficient. Sub-lieutenant Huddleston was also instrumental lives, and after saving Private Drummond, of th«: s Royal .Rlfles, he was dashed against the rocks and hecame Illsenslble, and did not recoVer till some time after he had out and carried on shore. I hope that both these officers wIll receIve the Royal Humane Society's Medal which they so well deserve."

April, 1897.J FIRST

GlJILDFORD LIFE SAVING SOCIETY AND SWIMMING CLUB. THE ANNUAL MEETfNG.-There was a good attendance of members at the Annual General Meeting of this local branch, presided over by the B. Boyd. annu;.l repon showed a steady growth and contmued Interest taken 1D the work bymembersand friends. Ten new :had qualified for and passed the society's exarnmatlOn, and had duly receIved and medals. The captain secretary had also received complimentary certificates of thanks for services rendered from the parent society. The annual entertainment was held in September , and was an unqualified suc cess there beinO" a reco rd number of entries. One of their members (Mr, was able to use his knowledge of life-saving in a very practical manner, rescuing a young fellow from a very awkward position. The classes of instruction had so far been attended, and the committee hoped they would grow more dunng the present The balance showed receipts amountmg to £37 18s. Id., expendIture £30 Os. 8d., leaving a balan ce of £7 17s. 5d The report and balance sheet were adopted. The election of officers resulted as follows :-Hon. Secretary, Mr. W. Read; Capt ain, Mr. W, L. J o nes; Committee, the Rev. H. B. Boyd, Messrs. Ca rter, \V. Heath, H. Gwinn, Hi ckman, M. Quittenton, W. R. Harris, A. Leroy, Drake, France, H. C. Reid, and H. C. Visick. The Chairman offered a prize, either for rescuing or for plate diving. (A pplause). He prefe rred the former and was of opinion that the competition should be adde d to the events at the annual entertainment, and the prize would be won by the man who performed the rescue in the best and quickest sty le. The Chairman's offer was accepted with thanks. At the clos e of the business, the Chairman presented the Secreta ry with a handsom e sil ver teapot, as a mark of the members' appreciation of the services he had rendered to the club. He (the Chairman) wa s perfectly certain from experience that Mr. Read thoroughly deserved that present. Mr. Read suitably acknowledg-ed the gift, and the meeting closed.

NEW SOUTH WALES BRANCH LIFE SAVING EXAMINATION.

An examination of candidates for the Life Sa vi ng Society's certificates was held in the Hunter River on Saturday, January 30th, near the Belmore Bridge, in the presen ce of a good number of spectators. The examiners were Dr. R. G. Alcorn, vice-president of the Maitland branch of the Life Saving Society , and Mr. R. I'vL Shears, vice-chairman o f the Ex ecu t ive Committee of the Life Saving Society, Jew S o uth Wales Head Centre, assisted by Mr. H. Daniell h on. sec. Mr. Shears was in Maitland but a few days, and with unusual kindness and considerable troub le assisted the candidates by giving lectures and instruction on several occasions in the Military Hall. The disinterested assistance he had given to candidates and classes during his brief holiday in l\hiiland was highly appreciated. The encouragement of life saving among st the youths of the population is one of the grandest and most useful things whi ch could be studied, more especially in a place like Maitland , where so many valuable lives in the past might have been saved had the principles of the drill and instruction laid down by the rules of the Life Saving Society been at all understood. The results of the examination are given below. According to the method of judging by the New South Wales Branch to pa ss a candidate, he must aggregate 90 poi nts, and to pass with honours 100. In the senior examination David Taylor and Herb ert Lethbridge were exceptionally mentioned, and in the junior class Jack James won a similar distinction. Following are the results :-Seniors-Thos. Brassell, 96; Thos. Embleton, 96 Samuel Johnstone, 91 ; Jas. Smith, roo; Geo. Eldridge, roo; John Goodman, 100; David Taylor, 100; Herbert Lethbridge, 100. Juniors- - Frank McDanald, 96; Frederick Fullford, 93 ; Arther Compton, 84 ; Edward Browne, 9+; Richard Redding, 100; Jack James, 100; William Patterson, 100.

At a regatta on Anniversary Day at Maitland, New South \\Tal es , a Life Saving Competition was held, open to mem bers of all Life Saving Societies; three squads competed-two being locally instr u cted by Mr. Mont Adams, who was highly commended for the manner in which his men had been drilled, and a team from Ea st Sydney. The judges had some difficulty in deciding between the Sydney men and NO.4 squad-G. Eldridge, J Goodman, D. Taylor, and R. Fullford. The Water Brigade men were far the best in land drill, but failed to hold their own in the water with their well-trained opponents, who of course have had the advantages of a longer and wider experience than the local men. I t is not easy to beat a good Sydney team, and Mr. Adams and his men shou ld feel proud of having run the winners very closely indeed for first In the opinion of the judges, given immediately after the competItion, the Maitland team were best on land but deficient in the ,vater. The following figures will show more clearly how the judges arrived at their decision ;-

AB¥::;,a&; e Form.

No. I. Maitland 8 r6 14 10 10

No. 3. Sydney ro 17 r9 20 20

NO.4-.Maitland 14 17 10 20 20

AID. 175

Saving Society,. of :w hi c h he Iwas a member, was a branch of a very laTge Society In Gre'lt Britain, of which Royal Highness the Duke .of York W.lS president. The Society in New South Wales was not n ch as far as money was concerne d, but in enthusiasm they that they were, and he was pleased to see the enthusia s m In .Maltland was more than in any of the coLony. Life was .not a matter of any special ability, but drill was a very Imp o rtant thmg, and these competitions were really EXHIBITIONS OF A SPECIA L KNOWLED GE of the drill by the Society. But a member who did not c.ome out With first-class honours might be just as competent to save life as one who did. The exhibition that day was one of the finest he had ever seen in the colonies, The present organisation in "Vlaitland waS now a ml;l ch st rong er basis than form.erly. They m.ust have a co nne c tmg link With Sydney, and in order to do that they must regularly hold examin ations for the society's certificates of proficiency. Mr. Shears, vice-ch3.irman of the E:<:e cutive Committee, and Dr. Alcorn would co ndu c.t such an examinati.on, h e hoped to see a Large number g :l.1n certi ficat es The examinatlOn3 were not very diffic ult two or three les sons made a very co mp etent. As 10nO" as a man knew his drill, no matter how light he may be it would enable him with perfect safety to take hold of a man in the water. 0 matter how strong the man, the rescuer alway outon to;>. And a man never forgets what he h as learned at these drills. Anyone who had the time to spare should avail himself of the le ct ures to be held in M.litiand, and should go t hr oug h the ex am inati o n s, which would be found very valuable.

THE SCHOOL BOARD FOR LONDON have just is sued a. return shew ing th e results of instruction in swimrni na during the 1896 bathing season. Tne conditions under which such instruction is re cog ni sed is contained in the following resolution finally pa ssed bp the BOlrd on the 18th June, r896 :-That, having regard to a comm unicati on from tl:e Education Department, authorisina the payment of expenditure in connection with the use of existing<baths for the purpose of in struction in swimming, a fee not exceeding a penny a ch ild a le sson be paid to bath proprietors for a num ber of lessons not exceeding thirty in the case of each ch ild (except in the case of a number of scholars, not ex ceeding ten per cent of the number taken to the ba.ths at the same time, who are expert swimmers, who shall be allowed to attend the baths, irrespe ctive of the numb er of lessons already received, in order that they MAY INSTRUCT SCHOLARS UNABLE TO SWIM) subject to proper instruction being pr ov ided (2) to an entry of the subject being made up o n the time table and (3) to any other condition or conditions which experience may hereafter prove to be necessary and (4) to thi s arrangement being limited to scholars of Stanjard IV. and upwards and to scholars of eleven years of age and upwards." A swimming certificate has been adopted by the Board, and is awarded to scholars certifi..ed by the head teacher and teacher of swimming to be able toswim -in the case of a boy 40 yards, and in the case of a girl 20 yards. According to the report of the Board 286,907 free tickets were used by the children attending the vario us scho ols, of this number 23,209 were instru cted and 7,007 were taught to swim. The tok number of lim es the dassel: attended at the baths during the season amounts to 5,89{, and the Board awarded 3,056 certificates, whilst the L ondon Schools S.A. and other bodies outsid e the Board granted. 4,0 98. The discrepancy between the number taught to swim and the total number of certificates awarded may be explained by the fact that in several cases the $arne children recei\'ed certificates under both heads, and that the conditions of each of these are not he same.

LONDON A:--ID INDIA DOCKS SWIM:'1TNG CLUB.

On Monday, 7th Ma.rch, this use ful org-anisation held a most successful concert at the Poplar Town Hall, C olonel Du Plat Taylor being in the chair, who stated that it was now 28 years since he had introduced the que stion of swimming amongst those engaged in the Docks. He had seen the advantage of it anc having regard to the sp ecial dangers ass oc iated with employm ent in the Docks, he recognised the necessity of everybody in the service being able to swim. Through the dub between four and Jive hundred lads had learned to take car e of themselves in the water. Some present might remember the loss of the Princess Alice On that occasion amongst those sayed was ;\Ir. Reed, who had learned swimming while a member of the club. There were many instances of messenger boys who had fallen into the water and had been able to save their lives and the papers with which they h ad been entrusted. He had been informed that

Total. 58 86 81

Thus NO.3 team won by 5 points out of a possible 100. At the conclusion of the examination and co mpetition MT. Harold Daniell, Hon. Sec. New South Wales Life Saving Society, returned thanks for the way in which the Society and its aims and objects had been received. Most of them had been up to Maitland before, and all had cherished very happy recollections of the time they spent las t year, but he had spent a better time this year. The Life

THE DIRECTORS HAD ISS UED AN ORDER that none of the y o ungsters entering their service were to be promoted unless they could swim at least So yards. In the Chairman concyratulated the Club on the success of Its team In the National Life Saying Competition and urged all present not only to become expert in swimming Lut also in life stated that Directors are always only too pleased to grant facilities for the practice of so useful and humane a subject. The prizes won during the season by the members were then presented, and it was announced that the club had now two har.dsome challenge cups, one for a roo yards and the other for 0. half-mile championship of the club. In addition to these the club a wards certificates to its members who pass the .tests :(1) Swimming one mile in stili water; (z) zoo yards In dothmg; (3) roo yards upon the back; (4) 75 yards under water; and (5) 32 feet plun.;e.

Disit to {IDcssrs.1bcbbert 8.. <to 'S jfRctortcs.

D-'RI. -c a recent yisit to LonJon I tOok the opportunity of accepting the: couneous im'ite of :\fes"Ts. Her-ben Co Ltd Contractors to the St. John .-\mbuhnce Brigade. to yioit their "anom factories. <Yc On at the head offices in James Sneet. Hayn::uket. I hy one of the directors. and introduced by hIm to hIs assIstant. n'ha' was reqt:ested to sho\, me eyerything of interest in tl;le yarious depanment,. am] I \\ ish here to expre-5 my thanks to ihis g-entleman for his counes\, and patience. indeed. the same may be said of e,'erl' member of the' staff at :'lessrs. Hebbert's with wbom came in contan. ;nd I any of our comrades whl) rna\' be coming up to London to pay a ,·i.sit to the factOries1f the and will be inteested and amply repaid for any little trouble It may entad.

JA:\JES STREET PRE:\HSES

The premises here occupy neariy half the length of the soUth side of the street. and camp. ise general offices. cloth and packiog- wa'rehousesalld cutting- rooms, :\0 ar,ideo. I ascertained. were made up here, the firm h:ning special facLOries district' most sui:ar·le for the re-pecti,'e anicJes turned out. Pa::sIDg- along the g-round floor I was shown the g-eneral offices. printe room;, tog-ether with exren;i\'e cloth warehoLse, Htre were all chs:;es of suitable (aT the uniform contract trade and also for general trade for all The fi:5t floo: is principally de,'oted to packing purpo5es. and "'hile r, was the premises I sal" a number of bales and cases de5tIDcd tor "anous part:: of tire "arId, On the same leyel as tbe w,lfeh.'u::e floor al e the measurin!! and fitting rooms of the :'IilitaTY and .:\'a\'al Depaltment. and fu;ther on the show Tooms oCtile Genera-l Departmem. The second floor is de,'ored almost exclusi\'ely to cuning- clothing-, The cutting machine:: turn our a "eTY larg-e amount of work. ::md wi:bout them large clothing finns could n01- execute their orders, 'Ye made special enLluiryas to ,,,he:her this system of cutting was applied to the, t. fohn _-\mbulance l-niiorms. but found it was no: so. all our clothmg beino- Cut [Q indi,'idual measurement by cuaer::. the machines being- u:ied exdmiyelyon large conrrac"[s where th,ere are about lOa articles and upwards of one size, On the same leyel as the machine room is a miniature hctory where yeTY urgent orders aTe made up. On the top floor is a "ery large room de,'oted exclusi\ely to shears cutting, and ""hile we were inspecting it we had an opportunity of seeing a number of gaTments for the John Ambulance Brigade being cut :;.nd tTimmed ready for dispatch to the factor:' to be made up, BER:'IiQ:\DSEY STREET :\Ie55E, Hebben & Co by force of circumstances. were to remo\'e their Leather maI1lifacturing- business to Bermondsey, which may be considered the yery centre of that prosperous industr):, Their FactOries in Bermondsey Sueet COyeT a large area, On the ground floor I saw an aTmy of cuuers engaged in cueting up all classes cf buff leather for Goyernment contracts; hrown and black leather for simibr purposes. and also a \'a3t quantity of bener class Iyork such as is ,yom ,by the officeTs of the ::\'a\'y -\Tmy, and t. John _-\mbulance Brigade. On the same leyel is the packing warebouse. an::! here a large quantity of accoutrements is ready for'de:;patch, On the first floor a n interesting industry is carried on in tbe shape of the manufacture of dTess baskets, tTunks. and solid leatheT work such as ,,,e are familiar with in the large retail emporiums in London, The secol1d floor i:: de"oted ,,) the manufacture of Grief and Gladstone hag-s, The third and fourth floors are confined to GOlernment contracts and miscellaneous accoutrement work. and here r see in course of manufacture yariOU5 belts and p )uches destined faT wear by the officers of the SL John Ambulance Brigade. The words S1. John Ambulance Brigade i:; a familiar phrase in Hebbert 0.: Co.·s FactoTies, Retracing my steps found myself in the building de,'oted to ca p manufacturing, A floor in :'1 e:;HS, Hebbert &. Co.' s Cap Factory is del'oted to silk hat and gossamtr work, and the method employed is ,'ery inteTesting, Un the second floor of the Cap Factory the trimming of Helmets and, arious processes in :'lilitary Cap :'lanufacture is carried on, The third floor is de\ oted princip.llly to the manufacture oj Railway and Police Caps,-and in one ,corner ,,'e find sel'eral people eng-aged on cal'- for the t. John Amru'lance Brigade, The adoptil1\1 of the present pattern of Field Sen'ice Cap hy ttoe AT'l1}' h:ts made a large influx of bucines::; to London Cap :'fanufacturers which _\Iessrs, Hebl: ert <;- Co. haye shared. a5 the Glengarry Cap "h;ch they Teplaced was made exc!u"il'ely in Scotland, On the top floor r saw the manufacture ,of Cloth and Tweed Caps, and those of we P: IX. U, and ";wal elTicesgenerally. _-\5 spirit forms an ImpOrtant part Il1 the manLfacture of Helmets. :'le'srs, Hebbert &: Co, in oTder to conform with the Petroleum _\Ct5. haye had to put their factory for the manufacture of these at the rear ,Cof the :\hin premises to completely isolate them, E\'ery precaution it is possible to adopt IS found here, The Helmet Factory is lighted hy Wenham lamps, which is the most secure principle of lighting known for this FUTpose. and undeT heavy penalties the \\'orkpeojJle are forbidden to t;.lke liO'hts of any k inti on the premioes, At the rear of the premises is an en?rmous boiler used for geneTating throughout the yarious factones, and Hebcert &. Co. in their desire for economy utilise the heat from tht,s boIleT for the purpose of drying the \'aTio u s classes of felt hats of,wh,ch they are m,anufacturers. 'While at the Bermondsey Street FactOrIes I sal\' a very wIde range of all classes of H elm e ts su itable tTopical wear, Prilltec1 and Published for t

AID .April, 1897.

BETH_'AI. GREEC\' ROAD PRDUSES , T his factOry consists of four yery laro-e floors. ,yith ample li g ht and conyenienc e s fOT ·the numerous workpeople employed , H ere I s aw in course of manufacture clothing for almost e\'ery enice in the wo rl d, id e by with clothing for English PoJjcemen we find uniforms for nati"e regiments in r ndia, for Police in Egypt. and for the -\ rmie s of the Republics of C entral and Somh _\merica, \J essTs, Hebben & Co, hold a large portion of the Contract faT the POst Office Clothing, and we sal" numerous Po;:tmen's Tunics :lI1d TelePTaph :\ Iessengers FTocks in yarious processes of manufacture, THEIR LEEDS BliSI:\E 5 Hebbert and Co, in addition to being Clothing :'[ anufactUrers haye the great ad\'antage of being Cloth :' l anufacturers, and for their leading contracts are able to manufacture tbeir own cloths at much lower prices than they are able to purchase them. They ha,'e a warehouse at _-\ire StTeet, Leeds. where a large business is carried on as Shippers of 'Yoollen and 'Yorsted Cloths to all parts of th e world. in addition to the general home trade, Their mills are sitUated at S:anningley. a short distance from, Leeds, THEIR ORG.-\:\IS,-\TIO:\,

It is a faT CTY from London to _-\u5tralia. but \\'e find that :'l essrs, Hebbert &. Co, ha \'e a warehouse in ydney for the sale of their "arious articles. and recent circumstances ha ye compelled them to commence manufactuTin cr their o\\'n cloth1l1g in ydney, It is recognised by them and also by all Home that if retailers in Sydney can purcbase theiT clothing on equal teTms from local manufacturers, they will not send Indents to England which take about six months to execute. and ydney is recognised as being able to make up clOihing as cheaply. if not more so. tban London, :\i essrs, Hebhen &:: Co, at yaTious times hold a large portion of the contracts for the ::\' outh 'Yales Gonrnmenr botb in clothing and cloths

The firm has also branch offices and warehouses in T oronto, Port Elizabeth. Paris and Glasgow. while they have agents and tTa"ellers in almost el'ery country in the world where trade in English manufactures is carried on. In conclusion I should like to sa\, that all the factOries I inspected I"ere thorouo-hly up -to-date in their "arrangements, they were all ,yell nnrilated, the rooms high. and in addition to the requirements of th e g-oyerning bodies, they prodde many comforts for the 1I'0rkpeopie which are duly

GENERAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE. SICKNESS INSURANCE. COMBINED ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE.

(Including world-wide tra yel and carrying an Ann uity).

BURJ-LARY INSURANCE.

MORTGAGE INSURANCE.

EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY INSURANCE. FIDELITY GUARANTEE.

THIRD PARTY INDEMNITY. Ocean Accident &Guarantee Corporation, Ltd.

40 TO 44, MOORGATE STREET, E.C.

Ell V ,ered by ,'pecwIAct of Parl,a'lIelll SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL. £263. 720 PAID UP. £100,000 Reserves , 31st 1895, £162,974. R. J. PAULL, GeIlCI'a/ JIlllIllger (wd Secretary COUPON TICKET SPECIALLY BY The Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corporation, LIMITED, 40, 4 2 , & 44 M O ORGATE S T REET , LONDON, E.C to whom oi Clai umler the rollowi ng cOlllliti<'ns, must ue sent '>Iithin :,e\ ell day" or acC'ident to the alJll\'e allJress,)

£100

will be pai.1 by th(, abo,'e Corporation to the legal representatil'e of anyone who is kille(l an accident to the Train (within the Ilitetl Kingdom or Chanllel Is1al1.h), ill which the del'eased wa a rieket hearilll!; or paying pasSPI1/?J'I', or who IHl\'e I'een fatally injured thereuy death result within ninet, da\'ti aft.'1' sucb accident>, PROVIDEb tl1at the person so or in.iured had upon his or he r person. 01' ballleit at home this tieket, with his. or her. usual signature written prior to tile a<lcirlellt. on the :;paee pruvitleLl,below. whieh, togethrr with the gi,ing of notic'e within the time a' hereinhefore mentionel1. is the essence of this contl·a(·t. This insurance hold, good for curreilt only. amI carries the benefits of. allc1 i" subject to, the comlitimb of the &, GUARA...,\"TEB Limited. Act. 1o;9U," 3.

Tile Corporation admit that this Paper is t he payme nt of a premiulll under Section 31 of Xo person can reeol'er under mo re Coupon tick et in resp ec of the same risk.

FIRST AID

devoted Objects of to }\mb\.llaf\ce Life Savif\g Work,

NOTIOE TO OUR EADERS .

'l'he present mana g ement are desir o us of issuin g the jou rn a to our r e aders on the d a te named for public a tion viz. the 2 7th of ea c h pre c eding month , t o du this ho w e v e r, It will be ab s o lutely n ec ess a ry to go t o pr e ss pn nctu a ll y Will our v ari o us correspondents th e refo r e se nd on their copy n o t l a t e r t h an t h e 2 0th of e ach m o n th Sev er a l le a din g m ed i ca l m e n h a '\e nt im eted t h eir "illi n g ness t o co n tribute a rtic le s o t in t ere st o fir staider s, a nd it is ho ped h at th e c ir cu l atio n o f he jou r na l m a y there by b e lar g el y i nc r eas e d Wh a W 8 "ant h o w e v e r i s mor e a nn ua l su bsc r b e r s Wi ll L oca S ec r e t a ri e s ki n d l y h e lp u s n hi s m a nn e r F i r st - Ri de n unabl e to obtai n th e jo u rn a oc a ll y s h o ul d a pp l y di r ec t. Subsc ription f o rm s m ay be o bt a in ed o n app l icati on

TRADE NOTICE,

The Trade wil be s UDp li ed b y Mr , F. BRETT 5, Pilg r im Street , Ludg a te H ill

OF

FOR 12 months, 13 , 6d " post free, to be sent to the P u blish ers ,

\YE beg to inform our readers that ,'olumes 1. and II. may no,,' be had handsomely bound, Price 5s. An early application should be made to the \ \" J, GOODE, ClerkeU\\'ell Road London, E,C.

:fi3re\)ltics.

T HE Centre of the St John

As is t o be congratulated upon the conception and carryll1g out of the t3t. John s rete at the Cn' tal Pabce on the 6th in t. They sec,ured the hearty co-operation of the S.J.A,A., ,yhlch 1 al 0 puttinO' forth a great effort to make the competitions a grand succe s * **

A _hm\- of thi kind, which ,,-e hope ,,·ill attract the public in l arge n umbers, demonstrates what ambulance ca,n do and it ought to 00, and in all probab1hty WIll produce an ll1creased amou n t of enthusiasm for the cause among't tIle spectators, * **

T he competition seem to haye eyoked great interest all oyer the countn-, and eyen the team-to be selected for fina l contei: at the Crystal Palace will be g r eatly en\'led by t hose who ha\'e not been ucce sfnl. t he time of going: t o press the pre liminary competitions ha \' e not b een fim-hed, so we are unable t o o'i Ye the names of tho e \\,ho ,yill appear at the P a lace. t> ***

,\V e n ot i ce that a t the co m petItIOn at tratford Lord Cla u d H ::tmilton, the Chairman of the Great Ea te rn Rai l way, p rom ised t o lay befor e the Directors th e sugges ti on th a t ra il way co mp a l11 es sh o u ld pr m- id e a m b u-

lance to be kept in readines at yarious depot If anythlOg of the proposal the Great Ea tern Raill\'ay will indeed " hmy the ,,-ay" to the other companie ***

T he annual concert of the corp- of the John _-1.mbulance Brigade ,,-a held la t month, and \TJscount Knu,tsford took the Chair. His presence ,yas hIghly appreClated by the .\lembers of the Brigade, and he '\'a- most heartily cheered ,,-hen he ro_e to peak a fe\, ,yords of thanks, The Corps \yas also fortunate in ecuring the attendance of Lad\' Knut ford. ocial gathering of thi - kind bring the member- of the Brigade together. and greatly tend to increa e it popularity.

jfaults in <tol1lpetitiolls.

B\- ,.

1:\ judging competitions. of which I haye had wme experience, I haye often been struck by the curious mistakes that ha,'e been made by competitors., and in "iew of the contest" at the Crystal Palace in the coming month It occurred to me that a fel\' rem'lrks to the readers of First .-1 id and who might pc>s3ibly be competitors, might be 'l\oTth their perusal. \Yhat is called ".K erv o u s ne ss "accouDts for a good deal. but 3. judcre cannot allow anything for it, theTefore the competitor wbo is not stanis a much better ch:l.nce, It causes the candidate to hesitate, and then he puts a bandage on slo\'enly or applies the wrong treatment, or he may lose bis hea.d altogether. I think the remedy for it is constant practice, so as to hal'e your kno'l\ledge ready at the tips of the fingers , C a r e ess n e ss - Itmay seem strange romemion this. but I hayeseen it 50 often tha.t must call attention to it If a man is caTeless he puts up a. fracture on the wrong arm or leg. or he omits a tourniquet, or he puts one 00 when'noL wanted, or he reads the label '\\Tangly. He mar put on a bandage and afterwards finds it wrong and then alters it. Of course all these score against him,

I ha\'e seen many men lose points through Un d ue H a s t e , ,,'hich leads to carelessness, A competitor can be smart and yet nor be in a hurry; if he i he bU'lgles and has to do his work ol'er again, He does not gil'e bimself time to make his bandage neat, lea\'estheends hanging out, and perhaps makes one aT tWO" grannies," I haye seen these knots made by sm:trt men, and a judg-e does not like to fee a candidate undoing a knot which he sees to be wrong, At the same time it ooes not do for a competitor or a team to be toO sIal\' at their work-some will take as long again as others, which is another fault to be gll:uded acrainst.

T ourniquet. -How rarely one see:; a tourniquet put on ne:ttly and efficiently, I t is placed toO hia-h or too 101" or the bandage is made too tight and has to be undone, the knot or pad is found to be on the wronO' side of tbe bandaO'e "heTe it would not be of the slightest use. 0; it not be fixed properly, Sometimes a tourniquet is wanted, or put on when not required. and in order to ascertam thIS, tbe position of the wound must be carefullr considered, S p lints. -CompetitOrs hould remember that splints are sometimes wanted in other injuries besides fracwres, I do not think it would be fair for me to say at thi moment, can ide r ing the coming competitions, n "hat cases they should be used-I can only say exercise you: sense. In fixing splints care should be taken that the clfculatton tS not in terfered with-s.)me competitors seem to think that the bandages ought to be so tight that ,'enous congestion is brought on: Tbeyshould be placed on eyenlr and firmly, and padded where reqUired, b t r e t c her W ork .-Carelessnes in this part often loses a team a n u mber of points, tretchers are sometimes carried witb the lower pol,e hano-ino down the stretcher-bar has not caught, or the tTetcher tS the side of the patient. or tbe head is placed where the foot ouo-ht to be. "'Great care must be shown in lifting the patient , special being paid to any fracture there mal' be It is not

FIRST

part of the treatment to lift the patient as if a sack coals. In marching a\'oid swing-ing the stretcher or Jolting or gomg too quickly. OSlentati.ous display in .the way of marching far,t,her IIlstructed. or haltmg and changIng bearers. or generally showing off." does not gain any marks. it may e,'en cause some marks to be JeduL'ted on account of the time that is uken up.

Viva- Voce-It is astOnishing how many good men come to. arief ., this. and the cause. perhaps, is not far to seek. They begin to aI15wer the question before fully comprehending its mean.ing It ce remembered that a judae can only put [he bare que:,llon : If anythIng is omitted in the answer you must not expect the judge to ask a leading (1ue5tion about it, his duty is simply to ask the question and mark accordina to the aDS,,·er. You get no more marks for gi\'ing in your answer ,yhich not asked for. as, for instance, if the question should be. Describe the difference between the symptoms of apoplexy and drunkenness. you are only required to gi,'e the symptoms and not the treatment. Some competitors enquire of the judge whether their answers are correct. they must not be surprised if they recei\'e no reply.

Just a aeneral "\\'ord of ad,'ice to intending competitors. In first aid read yer)' carefully the label attached to the clothing of the patient describing his in.;uries so as to a,'oid the mistakes ahore mentioned. and especia \ly note any marks that may be macie to sent \\"Junds or fractures. Do your "'ork promptly and carefully withOut being in a hurry, and then there will be no rearranging of tOurniquets or bandages. Take care that eyer}' bandage fulfils the purpose for which it is put on, and that the bandages are not toO many or tOO fe,\,. As e,'ery competitor or el·ery team cannot win at a competition, the losers must not be discouraged. They ought rather to be induced to make further efforts, so that by practice and perse,'erance they ma:- be succe3;:ful at the next attempt.

lBastern 1RaiIwa\?

CO.\lPETITIOX.

THE annual competition and distribution of prizes in connection \yith the Great Eastern Railway Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade took place at the Conference Hall at S :ratford, on Saturday, 3rd April. The manCEUHes were carried out upen a raised dais in the middle of the hall, thus giying the audience a good opportunity of witnessing them. The six detachments competing were as follows: I.-Ipswich Di\'ision : ..\1r.1V. Fi"her, "\1r. T. Woods .\h. C. Pulham, :\1r. IY. Ellinger. :\lr.J. Fisher. 2.-X orwich Diyision ;\1r. F. Wolyeridge. :\1r. IV .\Ioore, '\1r. H. Lack, ,\11'. J. Green. :-'1r. J. L. Tadman. 3.-Liverpool Street Di\·ision: '\1r. IV .\lagnus, '\1r. J Peck. '\1r. R. Stiff, '\1r. G. Keary, '\1r. S. Ashton. Stratford Division: '\Tr. E. J Smith, :-'1r. T . .\fees, .\Ir. H. Aldred, '\1r. S. Bates Mr. E. E. Leyerett. 5.-Bethnal Green : .\Ir A. Atkins, :'Ir. G. Rainbird, '\1r. T. H. Kett, :\1r H. Stratton, .\oTr. S. Knight. 6.-Cambridge Division: '\1r. J. Tyler, '\1r. W .\lan sfield, '\1r. E. G. Wire, i\1r. W. Wesley, 1\Ir. H. Pamplin. The final result was announced as follows: I, Liverpool Street, 245 marks; 2, Cambridge, 217; 3. Xorwich, 215; 4, Stratford. 214; 5, Bethnal Green, 206; 6, Ips",icH, 18+. For the special prize for best individual work '\lessrs. F. IYoh'eridge (::\'or ich Division), E. J. Smith (Stratford), and R. Stiff (Liverpool Street) tied. They were, however, put through the exercises again, and [he result was that !I1r. F.IYolveridge was awarded the co·veted prize. Thejudges were Han. Surgeon Heaton C. Howard pletropolitan Corps), Hon. Surgeon "\V. J. Hunter (Metro, politan Corps) and Brigade Chief Superintendent W. J. Church Brasier.

The prizes were presented by the Duchess of Abercorn. The chair was occupied during the first part of the proceedings by the Mayor of 'Vest Ham (Alderman Govier), who subsequently vacated the position in fayour of Lord Claud J. Hamilton. There were also on the platform Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Sir William Birt, Archdeacon Stevens, M.A., '\1r. J. Furley, Colonel W. T Makins and .\Irs. Makins, and i\1r. J. F. H. Reed.

The '\fayor, in extending a welcome to L ord C. Hamilton, the Duchess of Abercorn. and the other ladies and gentlemen present, said the St. John Am bula nce Brigade was one of the best institutions that was in existen.ce, and was impossible to e st im ate the good it had done in first ald to the He was told that no company in the kmgdom ren.dered such asslst.ance ar:d gave such sympathy as the Great Eastern RaIlway Company dld, and Jt was very mu ch to the c redit of the directors that their work was app reciated. He advised people to tra\'el by the Railway, because, by doing so, they harf an that theIr !l\'es in their hands. (Applause.)

Clau.d HamIlton, m replymg. thanked his worship for his kin dJl1 commg there that afternoon and also for his very pleasant and remark; in reg-ard to the Great Eastern Railway Company its officJals staff. He could assure his worship, on behalf of the Great Eastern RaIlway Company, that it was a matter of areat satisfaction to them that the chief magistrate of the borouah should honour them each year on the occasion of the final of the co rps. He would also. on behalf of the corps, express their obligations to the C onference Hall Council for their kindness in givine- them the use of the hall that

A I D. [:Jlay, 1897.

afternoon. In regard to the work of the ambulance corps, he thought they were fairly ent itled to congratulate themselves upon the continued progress made both in London and in the provinces. The corps, wh ich was formed in 1892. now contained twenty-seven di\'isions, a new ha"ing recently ceen formed at Bury St. Edmunds. The reports for the year 1896 pro\'ed the necessity for the existence of the Corps. as upwards of 650 cases we re reported in which first aid had bee n rendered. Special mention was made of the assistance rendered at the accident whi ch occurred at '\larch on September 23rd, I 96. the medical men present on that occ.lsion speaki ng very highly of the valuable aid gi\'en by the members of the '\larch Di,·ision. T he majority of case3 dealt ",ith the ci\·ic population is distinct from the Railway Co mp any s employees, ar.d if there was one company whi ch ought to encourage the ambulance it was the Great Eastern, for an enormous number of people were carned to and fro on the cro wded suburl::an system. The accidents on the subU! ban system were mainly through the fault of tne travelling community themselves Leavin g rail""ay carriages in motion was a frightful source of accident, and perhaps late in the eYening people were apt to indulge in a little co nviviality It must tberefore be satisfactory to the public to kn ow that amongst their staff they had men qualified to render first ait! in s uch accidents.

The winning team on tbat occasion would represent the Company in the intPr.rai!Y,·ay competition in commemoration of the Queen's recorJ reian at the CI)'stal Palace in :>lay , and he urged upon the members the necessity of rendering themseh'es as efficient as possible, for it '''''ould be a feather in their cap if the fi,'e wise men [rum the East were to win. (Laughter and applame).

The Duchess of Abercorn then presented the prizes, after whic h Colonel Makins moyed a vote of thanks to the judges. and to the honorary officers of the Great Eastern Railway Corps. H e remarked that the patron saint of the ambulance corps, if they wante d one, appeared most naturally to be the good Samarttan, who wa s the founder of ambulance work. '\1r. F. L. H olmes seconded the vote. which was carried.

The chairman saici the Great Eastern Ambulance Corps felt that they were under a great obligation to the medical men who had been associated with them since' the formation of the corps, and they therefore requested Her Geace, as an acknowledgment of the generous and impartial services "h;cb these gentlemen had rendered, to present Dr H owzrd andBrigade Chief Superintendelll Brasier wi th an album cOlltaining views, mainly descripti\'e of scenes in the eastern counties Her Grace thereupon handed the albums to the gentlemen named, amidst considerable applause.

Dr. Howard in returning thanks, said he sbould like to see proper ambulance wagons equipped and kept at the railway depots, so tbat they might be sent down to the scene of an accident.

Brigade Chief Superi ntendent Brasier, also replying, said he was present at the inception of the ambulance corps, and he had taken a great interest in it ever since. In regard to the Crystal Palace com, petition, he might say, speaking as a judge, that the Great Eastern Railway Corps wa s first favourite.

Mr. Hill, replying on behalf of the officials, remarked that the men belonging to the corps were repaid for their work by the feelin g that in some degree they were fulfilling the m otto of the cor ps in bei ng of good use to their fellow men. (Applause).

Mr. Furley proposed a vote of thanks to the Duchess of Abercorn, which was seconded by Sir VV'ill iam Birt. The Chairm:ll1 briefly replied on behalf of H er Grace.

The .\1ayor proposed a vote of thanks to the directors of the company for kind aid to the corps, and also to the chairman for presiding. 1fr. Stiff, ::me of the winning team, seconded the \·ote of thanks, wh ich was carried. The Cbairman in acknowledging the compliment said that he would bring forward Dr. H oward's suggestion at the next meeting of the Directors. This concluded the proceedings. During the afternoon the Great Eastern Railway Works Ba nd perlormed an admirable selection of music, under the able direction of '\1r. W. J. Lancaster.

\YI :\SFOI<D. -Ab :3ut II .30 a.m. on April 2+th, Superintendent Heathcote was called to a case of bleeding from the anterior tibial artery (right). It was caused by stone-thr owing, and the victim was a little girl. On arri\'al he found that a man (who said he knew nothing about ambulance) had succeeded in stopping the flo\\' of blood by the application of severd ligatures above the wound, so he at once proceeded to wash the pad and bandage the wounri, which was not quite completed, when he was requested to run to a spot about three-quarters of a mile distant to a man who had just been so unfortunate as to get his leg broken. When Superintendent Heathcote arri\'ed tcere a few minutes later he found Privates Boden and Stubbs in the act of cutting off the clothing. and after examining the limb he dlscoyered a fracture of the lower end of the fibula and a bad dislocatiJn of the ankle of the right leg. he sent to the doctor asking him to meet them at the man's house at Moulton, a distance of three miles away. !\bout 4- o'clock Dr. Armitage arrind and (without removing the splints) orJered the patient to be taken to the Victoria Infi rmary, :\on\ich a further three or four miles. This was promptly undertaken by the same party.

:Jlay, 1897.J FIRST 'Jl ectur e on Structural Bn aton t\?,

By CHIEF SuRGEO); OSBOR:\.

Gi\'en to the ..\Iembers of the M etropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade.

I HAYE taken ,. Structural A.natomy ,. as my subject because a more thorough kno\\'ledae of this branch of anatomy will elucidate much that contained in the.first lecture of tbe First A.id and gi\'e YOU a better understand'ng- for the reasons \\hy certain causes result in the subsequent history of accidents ..\c with "hich rOll are more particularly concerned. -

In the construction of the human body it would appear essential in pl<lce to prO\ide dense and solid texture c3pable ot tormJl1g a framework for th.e suppo.rt and attachment of the softer parts of the and of formJl1g Cantles for the protection of the more "lt al ; and a structure \\'e find provided in the ,'anouS bones whIch form what IS called the skeleton.

Bone is o.ne of tbe hardest structures of the animal body; it possesses also a cenam degree of toughness and elasticity. Its colour in a fresh is of a pinkish white externally and deep' red within.

XECROSED. DEAD BO);E.-On examining a trans,'erse section oi any bone. It IS seen to be composed of t\\'O kinds of tissue. one of which is dense and (olnpact in texture like iyory; the other con5istinO' of -lender fibres and which join to form a retil'ular stru.ctur: thi,; from its resemblance to lattice 'York. is called (allcc/latt!d.

Bone is composed of- P3rts. Earthy maffeY, such as phosphate of lime and carbonate of lime 6,

Animal matter 33

100

The. outside edge of bone is cO\'ered with periosteum, which wben ll1flamed causes the disease calld Periostitis. The compact lone and the cancellated \alY in proportion in different pbces of a bone. The shaft is almost entirely of compact bone.

The central medullary cayity contains the medulla or marro,,'.

The \'arious bones of which the skeleton consists are connected toge.th e r by ligaments, by which joints or articulations are joined.

LIgaments are bailds of fibrous white tissue. which surround the approximating bones on all sides. Ar:terior, posterior and lateral in square Joints. and capsular in round joints.

"'hite fibrous tissue or ligamentous structure is pliant and flexible.

5 as to all?w of most rerfect freedom. of mo\'ement but strong.

toug? and so as not readIly to ),1eld under the most seyerely apphed force; It IS consequently admirably adapted to sen'e as the connecting medium bemeen bones

Coyering the skeleton we ha\'e tbe muscles, which are the acri\'e Or a 3ns of locomotion; and which also go tu make up and cluse in the large o.r the body and thus assist in other functiuns, especially that of respIratIon.

The peculiar property of muscular tissue is its contracticity, which not only causes the yarious moyements (simple and combined) of the body and limbs, but also causes the different (lrgans to perform their functions.

There are t\\'o yarieties of muscle fibre, "oluntar), and im·oluntary. \'oluntary muscle is 50-called because it i= l'nder the control o( the will. It is a striped "ariety and forms the muscles of the limbs.

Im'oluntary or unstriped, is not controlled by the will, and IS therefore found ID other parts, such as walls of blood"essels of intestines, in the different yiscera, &c., &c. '

The actions of the different muscuI:tr fibres is brought about by the nen'ous system. Each muscular fibre is supplied with a nene filament which on stimulati;:,n from the brain or some nen'ous reflex centre, contracts and produces tbe particular result required.

Fat consists of little \'esicles or cells about 4hth of an inch in diameter, each composed of a structureless and colourless membrane, or bag filled with fatty matter which is liquid during life, but in pan solidified after death.

The oily matter in the cells is composed chiefly of the compounds of fatty 3cids \\i th glycerine, and are named oleine and margarine.

The uses of fat are :-(1) Fat keeps up the heat of the body when re,absorbed int o the blood. (2) By its want of conducting power it keeps in the ,,·,umth of the body (3) As a packing material, and thus fillin g- up hollows and crevices which would olhen, ise be perhaps ugly.

I\'hen the body beg in s to waste, as in consumption, fat is the first ubst3nc e to go-i t is easily ost and fairly ea sily put on. .Muscular substanc e is next absorbed. then the yiscera, and lastly, the brain. The circulatory system comprises the heart, the arteries, the capillaries and the veins. It is by this system that the blood is sent round the body, carrying nutrition to all parts and remo yin g ag3in the used,up and " om -out material.

The machine or pump by whi ch this mechanism is carried Out is, you know, the beart.

From the lo\"er part o f tbe heart are gi"en off arteries, along which the blood courses to e nter the capillaries, then to the ,'eins and back

AID .

to upper par} o.r the heart. The Structure of an anen' is \\'lth that CO:1.ts. (1) Elastic; .\[uscuhr; (. (+) Lll1ll1g, and with an enclosll1g sheath. ,a.nes III 10 dIfferent places, and \'eins generally are much thll1ne r than artenes are ,all'es pres:llt in the of "eins. which are nl)t present ID artenes. The blood lD the anenes lS red. and th:H in the \·eins. very dark red. or nearly purple.

The substance which acts as the medium oi communic3tion for carrying nutritious m3teri:tl to the different pans of the Dod,', ani away the effete material is the blood.

It cons.ists of and blooJ (red white.)

There IS Cine v;hlte to red and it is elabt times braer th3n the re 1. "> ">

Red is "'f'ioo of an inch in diameter.

cell wa.ll is tough 3nc! elastic, \\'ith 3 clear homogene lu5 1\ hlte.-It lS doubtlul whether thbe c,)l'puscles h:l\·e :Ul\' true .:dl walL. anJ gra.nuhr. 3S well as g.iited with power. o f an lllch lU diameter, they are ll1creased alter a meal anJ diminished by tastinD'.

Blood has ,a property-that of clotting. \\,hene\'er passes out ot .the h:lOg \es.3els in which i: is periectly liquid. in a moment or two It h lS tormed lilt? a \yhereby it loses its liquid character and becomes partly sold. It 15 caused b,' the film of ,he blood solid. In course ot" a little time the clot "'ill be iound to ha\'e shrunk and become mo!'e firm, and a thin watery liquid to ha,'e exuded from it

Tbe nen'ous system is the me3ns by which sensations are tr3nsmitteJ to the br3in, and the directing medium by which our actions are cJrried out.

The .neiTous consists of the brain. or cerebrum, Jnd the 5] inal cord \\'nh the ganglta 3nd neITes connected therewith.

Therefore the term cerebro-spinal system is a ,'en' good name to apply to the whole arrangement, that beina the centre or recei\ina station from which all action takes pbce. b ">

The br3in and medulla oblongata. the latter is the unitina medium bem'een large hrain little brain or cerebellum. spin31 cord Nen'es are llltO two gre3t classes, motor 3nd sen-ory, The motOr nenes beIng those that cause mo,'ements of the musdes. and sensory nen'es being those that gi\'e feeling to the different parts of the body

,-\ nerye. whether motor or 5e1150ry, j' a round or flatteneJ \\'hite cord in direct communication with the brain through the spinal cord. The centr::1 portion. of a nen·e is a perfe.cd}' transparent and homo!;e'leous maten31, and IS u;:;ually spoken ot 3S the axis cYlinder; this is ;he essenti31 elements of the nen'e tube; ,,·hilst the portion which iorms a tube is lIsu3lly op.lque. anJ slightly granular. This is kno\m as the white substance of and is the insulating- medium separating it from other neighbo1lring bodies. Omside ot'this is the transparent enclosing sheaLor tubular casing. The ending of the nen'es was interesting.

In the skin they end in ··tOuch corpuscles," or bulb ends. which \'alT in deg-rees of sensiti\'eness, according to the pan of the budy they al:e placed.

Tbe abo\'e leCture was full\' illustrared b\' \iews irom the magic lantern. and "'35 areatly appreciated by the 3iIdience. which \\'35 yery eilth uSlastic.

$ t. Bnbre\\)tB BtltbuIancc BBBociatiotl. CH,-\LLEXGE CuP CO.\lPETITlO.:\".

T:lE second annual competition among the ,-\ssociation .\mbulance Corps was held in th e 'YaterIoo Rooms, GlasgQ\Y, on Saturday, .-\pril 3rd. The competition was tli,'ided into three departments-(r) General knowledge-Examiner. Professor l:i enry E. Cbrk ; practical ,york (bandaging, &:c.)-Examiner, Dr. .-\ngus .\Iacphee: and (3) the rranspJrt of the injured - Examiner, Dr. John Dunlop. Each competing corps wa represented by one detachment of fi,'e men. ::\ineteen dewchments entered. but only eighteen took p3rt. The result. which "'a5 intimated at the close of the competition, was as iollows :-1. Grec:nock G. and \\' Ry.; 2. Polmadie Cale. Ry. 3 ,\rdro:3s:lll G. and S. \Y. Ry. The Greenock G. and ::i. IY. R3ilway Corps ha,'in a gaineJ first place will hold the Challenge Cup until the competition next year, and the members of the detachment will each be presented with gold badges. The members of the Polmadie Caledonian RaihY3), Corps Detacbment h3ying gained second place will be presented \\ith sih'er The arranO'ements for the competition were 3dmirably carried out by:\I1. J ohn of the head office of the 3ssociation and bis assist3l1ts.

TIB5ELF.-Tne 3nnual inspection of the Tibself and Birch,YooJ Corps, will be on Tibsh.elf Ground, early. in J 97. I nspectlDg Officer, SI r IIerbert L. Perrot, BJrt. :\ reuew l1t the corps in X o. :; District will be held in Risley H,all rark, hy the kll1d permission of Ernest Terah Hooley, Esq., early lD lull"

,VE understand from the Publisher that last .month's issue was SOLD OUT very early in the month, and that a number of orders that arrived late were unable to be executea.

In order to avoid disappointment, advise our readers either to subscrihe or to give their orders thell·local. agent early, and th.en the Publisher will take care to provIde a suffiCIent number of copies.

FIRST AID

1lJ.t-1 r 1, 18fJ'l.

Another Bank Holiday has passed and.gone, LO:\DOX'S and we are ao-ain reminded of the serVIces of iVAXT the St. Ambulance Brigade on last Easter .Monda.y in the open spaces in aI:d around London, where its tired citizel?S haye m their thousands to disport themselves open aIr ments and enjoy the first burst of SprIng. The specIal work that is performed on these occasions, and the necessity for it that is daily shown in our streets, brina- out in bold rehef, London's Great \Vant.

\Vhen one comes to think that about 7000 accidents occur annually in the streets of London, out of which nearly 200 are fatal, and that no adequate provision is made by our authorities for the first aid treatment and transport of these cases, one cannot but feel surprised that among all the schemes brought forward in this Jubilee year for the improvement of London and the benefit of its inhabitants, no mention has been made of an ambu l ance service. What better scheme for our improvement and benefit can there be than that of an ambulance sen'ice for London? vVhat a splendid memorial and a fitting celebration it would be of this record year! It would be for the good of all and would injure nobody. The millionaire in his carriage or the duke crossing PiccadIlly or Pall Mall is just as liable to meet with an accident as a poor person getting on or off a tram-car. \ Ve are familiar with the difficulties attending the crea t ion of a body of this kind In the first place Parliament would have to gra n t the necessary powers, which , in a few words, means that t he Government would have to bring forward the measure. Then there is the question of money. With regard to the first, Government will not1take up any scheme until it is proved that there is a great desire for it on the part of those interested, and t his can only be shown by getting up'a 'Strong agitation. vVith regard to the second we have a proposal to make, which, if carried out: would clear the ground, and soon cause an ambulance service to be zm fad accomph

The Prince of vVales's H ospital Fund has met wit h great success, proving that there are many ch aritably disposed persons in this country who are willing to give large sums of money to a phi l anthropic object. \Ve venture to suggest to those who will have the disposal of this F u nd that they should set aside a small portion, say £ 20 ,000 or £ 30 ,000, for the establishment and equipment of an ambulance service Of course, if it is he ld that money w hi ch is given to the hospitals could not b e devoted to this object, then our suggestion could not be carr ied out.

Failing this, we appeal, and appea l strongly, t o the St. J ohn Ambulance Association to open a fund for the above purpose This Association has within the last twenty years been the means of placing ambulance before all classes of the community, and is domg a .great and noble work, and we therefore naturally l ook to It for any further de,·elopm.ent in the ambulance are many member of it (whose names be ll1 vIdlOUS to me n t i on) , who have sh ow n g rea t

1897.

zeal a n d earnestness in carry i ng ou t the work, and we appea l to them to put. their should.er to t he wheel Ol:ce more and not relax theu efforts untIl they have supphed London's \ Vant-an Ambulance Seryice.

It is as certain as one day follows another, that thIS moyement cannot be long delayed, for even the of next month will help to bring the matter prommently before the public, and if the St John Ambulance Association does not take it up, \ye may rest assured that somebody else will. The Assoc,iation shown much energy and spent much money 111 carrymg out the competitions at S t John's Fete t h e Pa.lace or: the 6th inst , so that we should teel exceedll1g1y dlsappoll1ted if the initiative were taken by any other body except the St. John Ambulance Association.

\ Vhen the fund is raised the organisers can go to the Government and say: \ Ve'can now provide and equip an Ambulance Sen'ice for London, and we app ly to you for the necessary P arliamentary powers, and for the means to keep it up..

The names of those who 111augurate and carry out thIS scheme will be placed by posterity among the benefactors of London and will be known as tho e who endeavoured to carry the grand motto d Pro utilitate hominum.'

$t. 30btfs Jete at tbe (tr\?stal lPalace .

THE Fete and Demonstration, organised by the Norwood Centre, will be held at the Crystal Palace on the 6th inst and is to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Her :'Iost Gracious Majesty.

It has the patronage of T.R.H. the Prince of \Vales and the Duke of York and numerous other Royal Personages, and is also under the of a General Committee which contains the names of many gentlemen 'well- known in the ambulance world. T.he Executive Con:mittee consists of C. E. Tritton Esq., ;\1.P. (Chairman), Colonel Sir Herbert C. Perrott, Bart.. Sir Alfred Jephson, R.:\'., Sir Vincent Kennett Barrington, E. Colegrave, Esq., and ;\1rs. E. Colegrave and R. Gofton-Salmond, Esq., Hon. Secs.

There w1ll be three Ambulance Competitions: I - Railway Competition, for teams from yarious Railway Companies. The judge..; are Hon. Surgeon J. Cantlie, i\I.B., Han. Surgeon Ile"ton C. Howard, M.R.C.S., Eng., L.R.C.P., Lond., and Brigade Chief Superintendent W J. Church Brasier. 2.-Brigade Competition, for teams belongmg to the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The judgesare Surgeon-Capta1l1 Rawnsley, A.M.S., Surgeon-Lieut. \'.M.S.C.,. and l\Iajor Small. 3 -General Competltlon for teams not 1I1cluded 111 the above. The judges are General Matthew Coates, R.N., M.D., and Surgeon-Lieutenant·Colonel J. S. Forrester.

A handsome Silver Challenge Shield provided by the St. John Ambulance ASSOCiation ,,,ill be presented to the winning team in the Railway Competition

H .R.H. The Princess Christian is expected to arrive at the Palace about 3.30 p.m., and after opening the Imperial Victorian Exhibition, will be conducted to the Handel Orchestra from which Her Royal Highness will witness the Ambulance Competitions and afterwards present the Shield to the winning team..

Ve notice in the programme that other enterta1l1ments are provld e.d for the delectation of the general public; this is the list :-Great PatriotiC concert, Conductor, .\1 r. August Manns; 'Vombwell'smonster performing lions, tigers, wolves, leopards, hyenas a.nd bears.; 5 wonderful performing Elephants.-elephants playmg at nmcpms, an act never befor e performed by elephants in England or any other country in the world; marvellous spectacle, " an /\siatic Paradise" ; gTand illumina · tion of Palace and i\orth Tower Gardens; grand display of fireworks, and the whole concluding with a grand Military Promenade Concert.

The price of admission being one shilling, it will appear that everybody will get their money's worth.

$t. 30bn tlnlbulance tlssociation.

CHILDRE""S HOME DIV1SION.-An interesting feature of the monthly meeting of this Division, held on Tuesday, April 6th, was a presentation by its members of some handsome pieces of plate to their esteemed and painstaking Hon. Surgeon A C. Tunstall, Esq., M.D., F R.C.S E The meeting was largely attenJed, amongst those present being Chid Superintendent \Y. Morgan ('Iho kindly consented to make the presentatio n ), Surgeon·Captain 'v\'arll'ick, Dr. Tom Taylor, and M.r. Poncerot of the Saturday Hospital Func! Division, Supls. GOOdWlO and Briscoe, First Officer W. Sharma n , and Third OffIcer A. P owell.

May, 1897.J FIR S T <Baller!2.

GEOH.GE THOl\ISOX, ESQ M D., SURGEOX ST Jom, A;\D

Hox. SECRETARY, OLDHAM ASSOCTATIOX

DR.Thomson can boast of a career in which he has found some Yariety, fo r altho ugh co mf1encmg as a soldier, he apparently had a natural bias towards su rgery, which still comes to thp. surface and makes itself shown in the interest that he has taken in ambulance work .

Dr. Thomson belongs to a medical family, having b,·o brothers who are well kno,Yn in the profession. Born in Aberdeen in I -1-4, at the age of 20 he entered the army, enlisting in the 25th K.O. Borderer ,and he went to the koyal Victoria Hospital, !\ etley, as Probationer, and was promoted to be Sergeant in the Army Hospital Corps. Seeing, howeyer, fortunately for bimseH-, that he \yas fitted for something higher, he wisely purchased his discharge and commenced to study medicine at the .Aberdeen U ninrsity, where he graduated in "\1edicine with Honour in 1870. He ,,,as House Surgeon to the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for a time, and then settled down to rractice in Oldham in 1872 In the same year he ,yas appointed Hon. Surgeon to the Oldham Infirmary, which office he resigned after 13 years to be made Hon. Consulting urgeon.

In 18 7 he was appointed to the important post of Coroner for the Borough of Oldham, which po ition he still holds.

Dr. Thomson first began to take an intere t in ambulance work in 18 4, and in the next year formed three corps) one of which till exi ts as a division of the new Oldham Corps. He has also formed a K ursing Corps which is still in force.

In 1890 Dr. Thomson became Hon. Secretary to the Oldham Centre, and made great efforts to re\'iYe interest in ambulance work which were not succe sful unti l I 96, when the Oldham Corps was formed with a membership of over 300, and he wa naturally appointed to the post of Hon. Surgeon It is owi, g to Dr. Thomson's C011:,tanLly , pegging a\\ ay " that 0 many peop l e in Oldham ha\'e been induced Lo take such a great i n tere t in am bulance matters .

Thorough ly in touch with all ranks i n his corps D r. Thomso n has made a host of friend who honour and esteem h im alike for his co u rteous and kindly bear i ng as also for his thoroughly strt1lghtforward and impar t ia l conduct in dealing with all matters connected with theworking of the corps, and we feel assured that all of those who kIlOW him ::md haye the pleasure of his friend hip will unite i n the wish that he may be spared for many years to pres ide over the ambulance work in this important district.

[In next month's Portrait Gallery will appear a sketch of the Editor H o n Surgeon lleaton C. Iloward.]

AID 181

1Railwa'Q Bmbulance.

:l\ORTII -EASTER:,\ RAIU'-AY AT HARTLEPOOL.

\Yith a view to the encouragement of efficiency in rend crina of "F.irst Aid" on :'\ orth Eastern system, it was decided to hold a. of co:npetltlOns amongst the railwa.yemployees of [he l\onhEastern RaIlway Company who are qualified to render I, First Aid." The has been diyided into six districts for the purpose, and the comretltion for .the Hartlepool disl:ict was held at 'Yest Hartlepo o l on AprIl lIth, Dr. F. \\. GI.bbon, of Tyne Dock. being the examlller. The result of the competitions was as foil 0 \\'5 :-Competition No. I, for one man and a patient.-Practical : Trt'<lting hemorrhacye a:tery : Bleeding. First prize, lOS. ; pnze,. JS'; prIze, 35. 1:< L. Barker, Hartlepool; second, Stockton; thIrd, A. E Picton Junction. CompetitIon ::\0.2, for two men and a patient. Practical: Fractured arm and jaw, carrying by 3-handed Theoretical: Bleedira, fractured ribs, etc. First pri7e, :;s. ; second prize, 75. 6d.; third 4S. 6d. Firs!,:'II. Steyenson, A. J. Peacock, and T. H Charter, '\ill'ray, J. G. ;tnd S. J. :'\ewton, S,tockto?.i thIrd, J. Dresser, H. Parker, and r. Brownson, Hartlepool. CompetitIon 3, for three men and a patient.-Practical: Frartured thigh, crushed foot, bleeding frorr bracial artery. Theoretic 11: HoI\' bea.rer c?mpanies off; COl1\'ey persons by train; etc First pnze, 20S.; oecond pnze. lOS. third prize, 65. first, T. H. Smith, L. Barker, Jas. Dresser, H. Pad-::er, Hartlesecond,.R. :'Ilurray, J 'Yilso.n, S. J. :\ewton, J. Kindleysides, thlld, ;\1. :'1. \\ tison, ". S. Cawthorne, W. T. Carter, J. G Competion +, for four men and a patient.PractIcal: Injured spme and fractured leg. Theoretical: Poisons, etc. First prize, 2:;S.; second prize, 12s. 6d. ; third prize, 7S. 6d. First, T. B. Smith, L. Barker, H. Parker, J. Dresser, and H. Hall, Hartlepool; second, W. S. Cawthorne, :\\. :\1. 'Yilson, G. H. forster, J. G. .2\icholson, J. Kindleysides, tockton; third, R. :'Iurray, S. J. 1\ewton, T. H Charter,::'!' SteYenson, A. J. Peacock, Stockton. :'11'.'. Bland (district passenger superintendent, and president 01 the district) moyed a vote of thanks to the doctor for the great sen'ice he had rendered in the competition, and felt sure that all the men must ha\'e benefited greatly, eyen if they bad failed to obtain a prize. Dr. Gray (Wesc Hartlepool), in seconding, spoke as to the imp1.rtial manner in which the doctor had treated e\'ery competitor. Dr. F. W. Gibhon, in responding, expressed his pleasure in being with them, as it was a worK of which he greatly approved and hoped the men would be better for what they had heard and seen that day.

IDriIl

ST. JOB2\'" AlIBULA:\,CE BRIGADE.

TrBSHELF.-Orderly Officer for the month -.\.. T. C. Sa\·age. Orderly SergeClnt for the month-Sergt .\!ajor. Orderly Corporal for the month-R. Beere. The Company will parade for Band tge and Company Drill at 7 o'clock, on each Tuesday in the mcntb. The Bearer Company will practice Stretcher Drill on tbe same date. The Recruits will parade on the same evening for Drill under Serge<J.nts Strugnell or Davis.

VOLC:\TEER A;.\IBCLAXCE SCHOOL OF President A:-:flRE\\' Y.D late D.S.RY. Offices :-7, St. Benet Flace, Gracechurch treet, London, E.C. ORDERS.-Tuesday, :'Iay +th Official Inspection of the Class. Parade in Drill Order at 7.+5 p.m.

(By Order) H. F STOKES,

1. R. B. Senior :'Iledical Ofhcer Instructor JDian10nb

3uJ)iIec {proccssion.

For lookincy after the casualities e\"ery possible provision i3 to be made. the Army '\ledical Corps are at present \\'o.rking out the initial arrangements, the Lead.·: lTI:ln understand: the major of the work will, as on previous IOns, fall upon the shoulders 01 the President of the Red Cross SOCIety. A plan of the route has been prepared showing the P?sition of aU the hospitals, but the large institutions near the lme ,:>f processIOn are not deemed suffiCIent, and It is proposed to erect three miIitary field hospital lents in ,\mbulance carts will be placed 111 the Side streets, and other apphances alon a the inside line. The proposal so far is to on accident duty 64 doctors, 1,7 0 men of the Army \Tolunteer Corps, :lnd the whole of the John ..-\mbulance CJrps, somethll1g lIke 35 0 mel This lIould place the ,\mbulance st:nice:lt intervals of about 10 yards in a circle on each side of the route.

[The aboye is taken from the .1lorniJl/ Lca/c. r , L ut we d)ubc "ery much whether it is correct Th ere IS nothll1g definitely settled at time of writing.]-ED.

')life $a"fng $oci et\?

IT is tolerably certain that :r members of any of tbe clubs throughout the country were to be asked why they attached so much value to their knowledge of the natatory art, they would speak of the enjoyment attaching to swimming as a recreation,. of its as an aid to health, of manly excItement attachmg to an occaslOn:tl competition, and they "'ould be unanimous in speaking of its impOltance, na.y, absolute necessity, as a means either of preserving the life of the indi\ idual, or of rescuing- people Ilho, ha.ving neglected to take instruction in swimming-, might be in d :lnger of drowning. This latter use of the art is one upon I'>'hich swimmers, as well as the public speaker, usually become eloquent, and will recite at least one continO'ency in which skill ha? enacled one to render priceless to a fellow creature in dan O'er, or that ignorance has made them regret the negligence \l'h.ich has left powerless render aid. Imbued as most persons are WIth these sentIments, and anImated by so

LAUDABLE AND HU;\rANE A:-< A;\lBITIO:\"

it has always been a matter of surprise to all who have the least interest of the art at heart, that the great majority of swimmers attached to clubs should give little or no attention to what one may call the lifesaving branch of natation This is probably due to the fact that a large number join c1u'1s fo: recreatil'e and being busily engaged dUl'lng the day In theIr sevelal vo catIOns have nodesire for serious matters, a polo match or a handicap race is more ex:itinO' and provides the change from the daily routine of labour. Yet are many who prefer to learn something which may be of lIse to themselves and their fellow creatures, hence the success which has attended thc efforts of the Life Sa"ing Society in providing an easy means of acquiring such knoll'ledge, the importan ce of which cannot be overestimated, For II'ho can peruse the yearly statement of death by drowning without shuddel ing at the lamentable rec,Jrd ?

\\ HAT HARROInNG DETAILS!

,Yhat terri hIe bereavements! one is obliged to read in the newsrapers during- the summer months, and when in nine-tenths of these cases fatal issues might probably have been avoided by an elementary knowledge of the subject. Leaying suicides out of the question, there is an annual drain of thousands of valuable lives by drowning, not one of those who thus perish from quite preventible causes beinO' watermen hy profession, What is needed is a .short amend!ng of "'Elementary EducatlO l Acts, whereby boys and gIrls may receIve theIr Instruction in swimmingdurir;g- the time they school. By beginning at the s ::ho:)l a start will be at nght and if clubs throughout the eJuntry were to combll1e to bnng about thIS much to be desired result they would not only acquire a reputation for practical benevolence also confer a real boon upon the rising generation and wipe av':ay a stain upon our national character.

CLUBS A:'>ID TEACHl:\G S" DDlI:\G,

At this time of the year when the majority of club committees are busily engaged drafting programmes for the season a word about regular and systematic instruction in swimming may' not be out of place, for in many institutions the indifference with which the all-important matter 01 .tuition .is has been particularly noticeable,

As a rule, th.e bu.sll1ess of lostructlOn and coaching the novice is left to honorary sWImmIng masters who once appointed seldom devote their attention to the subject,.butleave muc'l to chance, Of course, there are a great many who gIve up the whole of their spare time to the interest .of the art, !:Jut, such good souls are, not in the majority at present, If they were the to non-swImmers to join the clubs be many and whIch w?uld accession of strength

In pOInt of numbe:s an,d cultIvate a deSIre to acqll1.re a general knowledge of the art of therefore club commIttees should make as great a feature of teachll1g as they do of racing, and thus interest all classes, SWDIlIIING IN BRISTOL.

The Baths Committee of the Bristol Corporation are desirous of furth.er art of swimming a!llongst Echool children by speCIal .facllltles f?r scholars attend1l1g the various schools in the CIty, and WIth object have a circular letter to all the teachers askIng them for theIr sympathy and SUpport, and to ll1fluence and the. of their children at the baths whel:e they will he prOVIded WIth 1l1struction by the Corporation ?fficlals. The Sunday schools have also been approached in the followIng terms:-

'.' Rev, Sir,,-I am taking the lib.erty propose the formation of a sWlmm1l1g c,ub 0: class conn.ectlon with your Sunday schools, such a clu.b or.class havlllg for ItS obJect: (r.) Instruction and practice in S\:'lmmlll,g. (2) The study and practIce of the drill instituted by the Life Sa\'ll1g SocIety for the rescue of the drowning and the resuscitation of the appar.ently I sure you fully appreciate the great necessIty [or a WIder dIffUSIOn of thIS most useful led J believe you will find many of your workers willing to devote a an f th t' t h k d 'tl k If I teo elr 1 IS wor, unng le wee, you are in a position to entertall1 thIS suggestIOn k.mdly fill Il1 the encloEed form and return to me a.t your earlles.t conl'enlence. Any personal assistance I can render you III the formatIOn of such classes, you are at all times welc t Yours faithfully, JA:-ms KANE." ome 0.-

The writer of the above letter is the Chief Superinlende t f I Public Baths at Bristol, and to him we owe a deep debt of

A. I D. [May , 18 97.

his many efforts on behalf of the art. Ever since he has been actively engaged in connectio,l I\'ith swimming he has done all that lies in h;s power to promote its best interest, either by the formation of clubs or urging the school authorities to make it part of the general instruction of the young It is to be hoped '\1r. Kane will be as successful at Bristol as he was at 1- ewport.

LECTURES ON LIFE SAVING.

Since the public.ation of the last number, two very successful lectures have been given, one at Li,'erpool by Captain r\, 'V, Jeffery, F,R,.\I.S. at tbe Royal Institute, and the other by Guy i.\I, Campbell, Esg., at the Stepney IIall, Commercial Road, London, which was organized by the Committee of the London and India Docks S.C., and it is worthy of note that both the lecturers are members of the Society and used similar slitles to illustrate their speeches. Both lectures were almost on the same lines and forcibly pointed to the need for national instruction in swimming, the value of a tho!'(lugh knowledge of rescue and resuscitation of the apparently drowned, with facts and figures of the annual deaths by drowning the teaching of swimming in schools, and other national institutions, and the explanatton of the methods recommended by the Life Saving Society. Captain Jeffery opened his lecture with the remark that" Swimming is one of the ELE;\IENTS OF EDUCATfO:-<, the neglect of which is wholly responsible for the tlelugi ng of our public press during the summer months with accounts of drowning casualties. To remedy this evil we must look to those who have charge of the education of our children," and concll'ded with the stalement that " it ;would be a blessing to this country if in this present year of national rejoicing every child was taught how to swim, the s!mple rules of resuscitation and the methods of life saving," Mr. Guy 1'1. Campbell opened his lecture by an explanati rJJ1 of the aims and objects of the society, its history and cause of its formation, and while urging the practice of swimming, said tbat "it was an art superior to all others i it is health'promoting, cleanly, recreatil e, stimulative, mentally and morally, philanthropic, universal, and as old an insLitution as Adam it can be practised in or out of doors by both sexes, at almost any age," and after explaining the benefits of the knowledge advocated by the society, concluded with the following :-" ,Vhal a future unfolds itself to the mind's eye i the delightful summer dips in the sea and river, the fun of racing, the excitement of pitting one3e1f against others in diving, plunging, floatinO' and scientific ,Yhat other art so quickly gives courage and readllless of re so urce, and appeals so stronO'ly to the chivalrous instincts of 1111n? "'hat nobler or more useful'" work can anyone undertake? What higher privilege has any swimmer than possibly be able to rescue a life, or at any rate teach others how to do so, thus in spirit and literally fulfil the law of Christ, 'Bear ye one another's burdens.'" It is to state that these commonsense remarks were receil ed with el'ery mark 0f appreciation and thanks were accorded to Captain Jeffery and ,\11'. Guy l\I. for their clear exposition of the noble work in which the Life Sa ving Society IS engaged. The next lecture takes placeat Bedford, under the auspices of the Bedfortl Swimming Club, on '\Iay 5th, by W. Henry, hon. sec. of the society.

NATIOXAL LIFE CO;\lPETITIO:-<,

This competition for which prizes are offered \'alue upwards £150 is open to Club teams of four persons \\·ho must be amateurs. Entries for same are now being receil'ed. rn order that the semi-final and final shall be decided between the winning teams from England, Scotland and Ireland, the contest is carried ou: on international lines, each division of the United Kingdom may send its best team to compete. vVe understand that a shield has been offered for competition amonO'st Clubs affiliated to the Irish A S.A, which is a good sign of the tir::;es and may result in the subject bei.lg taken up officially and the T A.S.A, become a body in <ldvance of that which advised its formation. It would be well from our point of view if all the governing bodies were to organise Life Saving Competi tions and leave the Society free to continue it.s of tuiti?n. I t stated that the fact of the Society glVll1g a set of pnzes for a lIfe sa\'ll1g contest, that body was actina in opposition to the Irish organisation, when, as a matter of fact,'" the opposite is the intention, for nothing will please the members better to the governin 5 hody of Ireland setting a worthy example to bodIes 111 all parts of the world, hence every supiJort should, and we feel. sure, will be .tendereu in this most welcome and worthy enterpnse.

HONOURED LIFE SAVER.

At the last meeting of the Royal Humane Society a communication from the Marl(uis of Lansdowne, ::iecrelary of Sta:e for ,iVar, was laid before the Com.mittee, pointing out the case of remarkable gallantry r.er\ormed by LIeutenant W. G, Windham, a member of the Life Sal ing ::ioclety.and holder of the proficiency certificate and bronze medallion, speCIal knowledge in life saving The occasion of this act was on the nIght of.the wreck of the transport" vVarren Hastings,' near the Isle of ReunIOn, on January l+th last, when Mr. vVindham was instrumental in saving life after lifeand resuscitating those who were in an apparently condition, As a result of that humane work, he was unanimously awarded the Silver Medal of tbe R.H,S. which, in accordance with the Queen's Regulations, will be worn on the right breast. Through the wreck of this vessel Mr Windham lost both his certificate and

Ma y , 1897.J FIRST medallion. and the Life Saving Society has decided to replace these and forward them to him to Bomb"y together with a letter of congratulation. WINCHESTER S.C.

Notwithstanding- the drawbacks experienced by the Committee through h e want of a proper bath wherein to teach the l1J't of swimminO' to all the town children, the club has made a consitlerable amount of progress and now numbers close upon 150 strong, The annual meeting is shortly to be held, when the season's programme will be dr:tfted. and .I understand that Mr. Secretary Till will make a special effort this season to interest the various i\Iasters of the many Schools in the town. 1\1 r. is a most enthusiastic suppo,rter of the art of swimming and life sav:ng and no mean performer 111 the water; he bathes all the year round in one of the coldest bathing places in the South of Enaland, can dive vcry gracefully, and l:y his advocacy has been the of inducing others to follow his example and brave the breeze and the water in all sorts of weather.

LEEDS SCHOOL BOARD, The following is the syllabus of instruction in swimminO' for r897 as formulated by Mr. S. Brierley, chief instructor to the Leeds School Beard :-(a) The instructors will bive a practical demonstration in the water (at least once during the season) to each division of children attending. (0) T he object of the" Land Drill" to familiari , e the children while on land, wiLh tbe movements used in swimming, and to develop the muscles. (c) The lessons are carefully graded and arranged, so that all mOI'ements .can be performed simultaneously by \l'ord of command, (d) On lea\ !11g the water, b oys will stand in line with towels for and, commence vigorously use them under the 1l1structor s superVISIon. (e) The lIlstructresses will pay special attentio.n t? sceing tha.t the girls make good use of the towel, and that the haIr IS well dned before leaving the bath-room, (f) :'Ironitors nuy be selected to assist in supplying towels, drawers, or cos tumes when necessary, and in collecting the same after lise. (,;» It is strongly recommended that instructors and head teachers s hould encourage children to practise swimming bet\\'een the lessons. (II ) The Board School baths (H unslet Lane and Darley Street), are open on Saturdays from 9 to 12 for boys, and from 2 to 5 [or girls. Admission per visit. (i) The Corp?,ation Swimming Bath s (UnIOn Street and Kirkstall Road), and Cookndge Street, may be yisited by the children out of school hours anti during school holidays, on producinO' their season's privilege card, alld on payment of one penny per visit.

Drill and Water Practice (rst Lesso.n mOl'ements.)(r) I he children enter the water at the same tIme at a distance of one pace from each other, each holding the rail, and dippinO' overhead at \\'ord of command. (2) Floating.- The children place "'both feet Letween the rail and side of bath, and thus supported are able to rest the b ody at full length on the water. This exercise will overcome the first difficulty, viz : timidity, 2nd Lesson-Land Drill: Arms and LeO's.Repeat exercises rand 2, (3) The children grasp the rail \\ itb left hand, and place the right hand on the side of the tath, about r2 to 1+ inchesdirectly beneath the left hand, With this support, the body may te extended at its full length resting on the water. At cO;:lmand " One."

The legs are drawn up slowly, the knees well "part and the heels nearly to gether. "Two." The legs are kicked vigorously outwards, keepinO' them well apart. " Three." The legs are closed while extendeJ i\I o l'emenLs "twO" and" three" should be done smartly because of their propelling power. The first movement must ce done slowly be causeitretardsaswimmer. 3rd Lesson-Land Drill: Repeatarmand leg mOl'ements.-Repeat exercises I, 2, 3. (+) The children stand in " extended order," and go through the arm movements with the arms submerged a few inches. (5) The children are ranged in line on one side of bath and work toO'ether in pairs, supporting each other alteruately in swimm ing across the bath by means of the breast stroke, The movemen ts and changes are done simultaneously by word of commar.d. +th Lesson-Land Drill: Repeat (r) Arm and leg movements. (2) To demonstrate to the children the best way to resuscitate the apparently drowned,-Repeat exercises r, 2, 3,4,5. (6) The children are ranO'ed in line about a yard from side of bath, and make their first :lIlaided attempt at swimming to the side. The distance to be gradually increased with the progress made 5th Ll'sson -Repeat arm and leg land).-Repeat exercises 5,6. (7) \n advanceon 0:0. 5, on the bck instead of breast, using the legs only at first. C) Plunging and c1iving. The deferment of this exercise until tl is lesson, enables the pupil to enter upon it with greater zest and confidence 6th LessonLand Drill: H JIV to release when clutched by the wrists -Rep cat exercises 5, 6, 7, 8, (9) An advance on 1\0.7, using both arms and legs in swimming on the back, 7th Lesson-rIow to release when clutched round the neck.-Repeat exercises 5,9, 6,8. (10) Practise swimming on the l:ack 8th Lesson-How to II hen clutched round the body,-RepeaL exercises 6, 8,9, ro. (I r) The sWimmers \I'ill practise" Life Savina" by acting as rescuers to the 9Lh Lesson.-Examinalion lor Certfiicate for proficiency in swimming and life saving.

The above need no comment, it is clear that the instruction prm'ided at Leeds is of the best and covers all the useful branches of the art of s\\imming. GOOD \YORK AT PLYilIOlITH, The Plymouth AS , and Life Saving Society held its first-class meeting for tuition in life saving and resuscitation of the apparently drowned at the Oddfellows' Hall, Morley Street, on the 23rd April. The work of

AID. 183

this Society has beeTJ. extended, and invitations bal'e been sent to the Boar.d and schools to attend the class when instruction will be prOVIded, The chief features .of instruction were how to rescue the how to effect release In the e\ ent of teing clutched, and how to re"U"Clt:1.te thel app trently drowned, and promote warmth. Lectures will be given on alternate weeks by Dr. Buchan and other medical crentlemen Il1terested in the work. '"

PRO.\1f PROGRESS AT

On April 22nd examination in life saving took place the Devonshire Park when seven canditl :ttes who have been attending the Classes held under the auspices of the East, Club were tested. t\lthough the number was ltmlted thiS does not by any means represent the actual result achieved by the which have well attended, many beginners having made encouragJl1g and. pro.m 15Jl1g progress, but they were not sufficiently advanced [or the examInatIOn. fhe candidates were -\Y. Benson C E. Etcell, A. 'V. Grinstead, \y, .Harvey, E. G. Houghton, T. a.nd C. All the candIdates succeeded in passing the eX:lmin:ltlOn. Judges .;I ere Ashby Robert s of Eastbourne, and .\1[, A, H, CurtI S, of Ha s tJllgs, whde '\1r •-\, E Siller), directed and attended to the g e neral arrangements.

LO:.lDON SCHOOLS S\\ Dl.\JI:\G

If the annua report of this most useful organization be a O'uide it is a sure sign Lhat its work is increasing and that in a few it will be one of the most powerful agencies for good in the London dislrict. In OUI. it is duty of e\'ery swimmer to render that body all the a ssIstance 111 theIr pOlyer, and help those \\'ho have del oted so much time to such a good cau se, \\ ith the rcport just issued by the Execulil'e a neat card containing a Swimming Land Drill has- been sent out to all the branches of the Association, and we have not the least doubt that if the Head-masters of tue many London SchJols I\'ill make a general effort to the teaching of swimming in the school curriculum most astonlshJl1g results \"ill be achieved and the desire expressed in the following verse realised :-

"To swim with ease, \lith confidence and gm ce, Should in el ery country ha\'e a c knowledaed place

Of recognition, by law Jecreed '"

Be taught as freely as we are taught to read, Form a part of education's rule

In el'ery college and in every school."

TO CLeB CO:\DILTEEES A:-ID HO:-<. SECRETARIES. SlIch of,the Clubs which desire to interest the heads of schools in their locality or urge them to take up the teaching of s\\'imminO' would do well if they were to issue a circular urging the adl'antao-es ot.'swimmino-, and prol'ide assistance in tuition, and with such forward a copy of the Annual Report of the Life Saying ::iociety, a number of which can be obtained fr0111 the Hon, Sec" 8, Bayley Street, London, W,C. The said report contains a treatise on swimming, especially written to aid the proUlotion of the art of swimming in schools. The clubs would not only draw attention to_the need of teaching swimming but also be doing a useful work \I'ithout 111uch outlay, as well as making generally known tha." they are prepared to help forward so useful a subject. The Society will be pleased to forward 50 copies of the rep lrt to any club which lm'wards the; um of IS. 6d, to postage, THE LIFE SA \'I:\G SOCIETY.

The monthly meeting of the Central Executive was held last (Thursday) el'ening at the So ciety's Offices, 8, Bayley Street, Bedford Square, under the presidency of A. Lang Gieve, Esq., and lhere were present: Messrs. H, R. Austin, J. R. Hamson, Chas, Crute, C. \'al Hunter,C.C., J. F. Freeman, ,I'. G. Grimwood, Geo. W. Ste\ ens, Guy W. Campbell, J, E. ,\Iay, E, R, Du Parcq, E. Kingston, :\liss A. Stone, and the Hon. Sec" i\lr. W. Henry. The Executil'e were informed that since their last meeting the annual report had been issued, and a number had been sent by the last mail to each of tbe Foreign and Colonial branches , Examinations for the medallion and certificates were held in connection with the Eastbourne S,C,. Perse\ erance Ladies' S.C and the Brighton Gramm:!r School, the result being that 33 candidates were awarded r medallions and 22 certificates. Letters were read from i\lr. J. Carmichael, hon, represen alive at Belfast, notifying that a handsome challeno-e shield had been presented to the Irish "'\ S.A. by sel'eml members of the CIty of London S.A., the assistance thus to the promotion of life sal ing knowledge in J reland being much appreciated.

The Hon. Sec. repo r ted that two Prize Essays had been receil'ed, but the consideration of the awards in accordance with the conditions would not be taken until after September rst. A number of entries were beino- receiyed for the :\ational Life Saving Competition which closes on \Iay rst. A number of schools hal'e also signified their intention of taking part in the Prize Awards for teaching swimming. The Diploma Competition bas also sel'eral gentlemen candidates, It O'.ll·e the Executil'e mucb pleasure to learn that classes of instruction h.ld been formed by members of the London and India Docks .C. in connection with H,M.S, President at the East and \\'est India DOl'ks, St. Katherine's and London Docks. and that probably some 300 scholars would be examined for proficiency in Sllimming anu Life Saring this season at H::tileybllry College, The Hon Sec \\as appointed to I'isit several centres in the North of England, Scotland and Ireland to explain the in s truction advocated,

FIRST st. 30hn Btllbulanc e :fBrigabe. CORPS.

THE Corps paraded for duty on Easter ;\fonday, I9th April, the faticrue men were at H ead -Quarters to take van stores 9.3 0 , and by IJ ambulance stations were pitched at the folloWlDg places :Rlackheath, Bromley Common, Ching-ford, "Risin&" Sun," r'Voodford, Farnboroucrh Common Hampstead Heath (two statIOns), \\ elsh Harp, Hend o n. Peckham Rye, Stamford Hill, \Vanstead Flats, Wembley Park. Wormwood Scrubbs. The total number of all on duty was 25 2 During the day I q cases were treated,. some of whIch were of a serious nature necessitating removal to hospItal. of the Corp s were also on duty on Good Friday at Stam(?rd HIll, Wanstead Fla ts \Vnod Green Cycle Track, and 'Wormwood Scrubbs, when, notwiths'tanding the inclemency of the weather a large number of were prese;;t and those on duty were called upon to render aId to several (ases of accident.

This Concert, whIch IS now an mu ch looked forwaru to, took place with great eclat at. the Holborn Town Hall on Wednesday evening, April qth. The RIght llon. Viccount Knutsford, G.C.M.G occ upied the chair, supported by J ad Knutsford Col. Sir Herbert c. Perrott, Bart., Mr. John F· jY, Col E T'Thackeray C.B V.C. (Commis sio n er), Col. BawdIer ur e" .., " C E L d) ]\[ (D epu ty Commisioner), Mr. Walter Rowley, :\1.1. ( ee s ,I aJor Andrew ::\laclure, Surg.-Capt. R. R. Sleman, Mr. Ed. q\\en., Lieut. 1fa rper, Brigade Chief Supt. W. J. C!llIrch BraSIer, ASSIstant Commissioner T. \Voolston, Chief Superinte ndent W. H. Morgan, Ilr H C Howard, Capt. C. J. Fox (Chief Officer, London Salvage Dr. Hunter, Capt. Dale, Supt. Adams. (L.S.C.), Dr. T. Taylor, and a large number of nursing whom were Supt. Church Brasier, Lady Secretary CalvlD Lmes, Lady Supt. J uba Mann, and Lady Secretary Edith :'1an.n. the officers of the ::\[etropoliran Corps present we notIced \V. R. Fdwards , F. D. }lackenzie, VV. H Winny, T. F. H M.A., Alan Palll, A. J. Trimmer, S. B. PIers, J. J. Olley, :V. J. H. P ontin Evans, and A. R. Randell; First Officers J. Calvm and Jennings Staff Sergts. P. A Nix, Atterbury, ilud Fnend; Serg-t. Major Smith Sergts. Vllven, Churcber, PhJlbps, Searson, and Haynes. Tbe Guard of Honour formed up at the entrance was composed of members of Nos. I and 2 Divisions (St. Johr:'s Gate), under the command of Supt. Liddell. The deserve the highest praise for the excellent programme prOVIded. Pnvate Havelock I\1ason (Stage Manager), wh? was. mo.st ably assisted by First J. Calvin Lines, performed hIS duties In a manner not to. be surpassed, we have never been present at a concert before thIrty turns were given \\'ithout any wait. These gentlemen hIghly on all sides and we feel bound to add our tes:lmony. The Items provided were as follows :-Mr l'Ilarmont (Pianoforte Solo)," St. Job.n Ambulance Brigade .l'I.Iarch"; and Thomas Duet), Signor Marchlslo (Mandolme Solo), MISS Clare (\ 101m Solo), ;\1iss Beatrice Pe:tit (Cornet Solos),. very MISS Maude Evans (:\1andoline Solo) Mr. Arthur Sullivan (BanjO Solo), Herr Voorzanger (Saxophone Solo). Ha.milton ?mith's "A of Thanksgiving," was a great treat. MISS AnDIe Ma.llo"" s At my Window," elicited much praise Songs we:eals? .kmdly contnbut.ed hy Annie Wilson, }Iiss Clare LJ!la.n Gra?am, MISS Dot Davis (child), Miss Stable, MISS Coleman, MISS FaIrfax, :'Ilr. Broughton Black. Humorous songs by Mr. Arthur Me.lrose, 1\1r. Charles Akhurst, and Mr. Harry Hall, were 10:.Jdly received Mr. Cecil Barnard's }1usical Sketch was very clever, also Messrs. Graham and Russell's Imitations of various entertainments, ar,d Mr. Ted Honeyman's Imitations of Popular Comedians were very. good, as also Mr. Charles Froud (Musical Sketch). Mr. James (S lelght of Hand). and Recitals by Mr. Feistel and Mis5 PhillIps. 1\11ss C. Phillips Keeley, R.A.M., Miss Annie Mallows and Ylr. fulfilled the duties of accompanists in a most able manner. DUrIng the evening Col. Thackeray proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Lord and Lady Knutsford, and his lordship, in replying, stated Lady Knutsford and himself had spent a very happy an? If any tbanks were due it was to those artistes who had so kmdly given their services and provided such a capital programme " A very handsome bouquet was presented to the Viscountess p:evious to. her departure at IO p.m. with Lord Knutsford. From thIS hour untIl the close of the concert the chair was filled by Col. Sir Herbert C. Perrott, Rlrt. A word of praise is due to Supt. A J Trimmer \Hon. Sec) , and Asst. Supt. Shute B. Piers (Asst Hon. Sec.) who carned out their dulies in a way that called for high commendation on all sides. The stage decorations were kfndly provided as on similar occasions by Mr T. A. Dickson, Covent Garden, and Messrs. Finney & Co., Clerkenwell. Messrs. Erard, of Gt. Marlborough Street, most kindly lent the pianoforte. The Refreshment Department was under the control of Sergt W. H. Drury.

PROV I NCIA L CORPS

RAWTENSTALL.-A considerab le body of St .John Amb u lance me n met in the Primitive Methodist School, L ord Street, Rawtenstall, to

AID. [May , 18 97 .

discuss the advisability of forming an ambulance .corps for. the whole borough of Rawtenstall. ,\Ir. J. II. Fielden occupIed the chaIr, and \\'a s, supported by ::\11'. A. Bolton, and '\lessrs. J R. Sh.epherd., Hardman Voodhouse Curtis and Sercrt. Barrow (representatIves from Bacup). Amongst those also Dr: Edward,. Dr. Buckn!ll, and P S. Rae. The Chairman read the notice convenmg the meetmg, and also a letter of apology for non-attendance from Dr. Finlay. He a short time ago members of the Bacup Ambulance Corps wrote to hIm With the object of formin cr an ambulance corps for Rawtenstall. Four of the Bacup men had ;:ttlended that night, and .would be t.o answer any questions put to them. After c?nslderable It was decided to form a corps and the ChaIrman was unammously elected Secretary. The Committee was now elected as foJ[ows:l'Ifessrs Rawling, Ford, Dixon, Pickup, Tuttall, Rothwell, Ha:-tley, Sidebottom, and Sergeant Rae. Mr A. was Treasurer Supt. Procter was appomted SuperIntendent, Sergeant Rae as his deputy and follo\Vwg gentlemen were appointed as medical staff, subject to theIr O\;' n approval :-Dr. Dr Coutts, Dr. Allan Coutts, Dr. Buckmll, Dr. Kerr, Dr. Fmlay, Dr. \V. \Vilson, Dr Bromhall. At the close a large number of members were enrolled and the Committee wish it to be known that they invite all qualified 'ambulance meo to joir. their ranks.

A ROYAL Royal personages lead a more life than the Duchess .\farialosepha, wife of the celebrated ocul!st, Duk e Charles Theodore, of Bavaria, who is a brother of the Empress of Austria. The duchess and her daughter devote the greater part of their time to the care of the three eye hospitals of the .duke, one of which is established in the Royal Palace at Tegernsee, whlie thE'. are at ;vlunich and '\leran respectively. The two ladies, who assIst hIm in most of his operations, bei ng skilled and trained nu:ses, enter into the spirit of his philanthropic worK, and soothe With a kindness the sufferincrs of those who are compelled to submIt to the knife and instruments of the R oyal .Jlail.

GENERAL ACCIDENT I NSURANCE. SICKNESS INSURANCE. COMBINED ACCIDENT AND SICKNES S INSURANCE.

(Including world-wide travel and carrying an Annuity). BURdLARY INS ORANCE. MORTGAGE INSURANCE

E MPLOYERS ' LIABILITY I N SURANCE. FIDELITY GUARANTEE. THIRD PARTY INDEMNITY.

Ocean Accident &Guarantee Corporation) Ltd

40 TO 44 , MOORGATE STREET, E.C. Empou:ered by Special Act oj Parliament.

SUBSCRffiED CAPITAL £263 ,7 20. PAID UP £ 100 ,000 Reserves, 31st December , 1895 , £162 974.

R. J PAULL General JInnng e rand SecI'e./lIry

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GUA-RA.::-;'TEED BY The Ocean Accident &Guarantee Corporation § LIMITED

40, 42 , & 44, MOORG.A. 1' E LONDON, E .O to Notice of Claims, uncleI' the followl ng COIHhtlOl1S, must be sent within seven days of accident to tile above aLlLlress.)

£100

will be aid by the above Corporation to the l.egall·ep.resentath:e of is killel by ai1 acciclent to the Passenger Tram the Ullll;e(l Channel Islands), ill which the deceased. was a tICket beal'llll!; or payIng passenger, or who sball have bee.n fa,tally ll1Jured thereby (should result within ninety days after such accIdent)..

PROVIDEb that the persoll so killed or

.

l.'he present management are de s ir ou s of i ss uin g th e jo u r nal to our re a ders on the d a te n a med for pu b lic atio n viz. , the 27th of each pr ec edin g month t o du this howe v e r, It will be a b s olut e ly n ecessa ry to go t o press p u nctually. Will our v ari ou s co r re spon de nt s the r e fore B e nd on their cop y n o t l a t e r than t h e 2 0th of each m o n th S everal leadin g m e di ca l m e n h ave i nt im l'ted their willi n gness to co n t ri b u te a rt ic l es of int e rest t o fi r staide rs, and it is hop e d th e c ir cu l atio n o f th e jou r n al may there b.v be l a r g el y i n c r eas e d. Wh a. t WA wa nt i s m o r e a nnu a l s u bscri b ers. Wi ll L ocal Sec r e tan e s km d l y h e lp u s in th i s m anne r F irst - Ride r 3 una ble .t o ?bt ai n th e jo ur n a l loc a ll y shou l d apply di r ect. Subsc nptlOn fo r ms may be obta i ned on application.

TRADE NOTICE .

The Tr a de wil be s up p li ed b y M r. F. BRETT , 5, Pi l g r i m St r eet, Ludgate H ill.

T ERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 1 2 months, IS 6d., post free, to be sent to the Pu blish ers.

WE beg to inform our that Volumes 1. and II. may now be had handsomely Pnce 5s.,. An early application should be made to the Publisher, W. J uOODE, Clerkenwell Road London, E.C.

:fBre"iti es.

IT h as b een sugge ted to us that this year would be a fitting t im e for some special honour to be bestowed on those who have been. instrumental in organising the St. John Bngade, and raising it to its pre ent state of e ffi CIency If some token of recoO'ni tion of their great. senh"ices could be given to these we are certam t at eyery member of the Brigade would feel proud of any honour thus conferred. It is not our province to do more than give utterance to the sentimen t. * *

THE A mbu l ance at tl;e Crystal Palace, on May 6th, was one of t h ose occaSIOns (only too rare !) on which our of Metropo!itdn Corps ha\'e an opportunity of greetlllg t h eIr brethren from the Provinces. \ Ve shall remember t hat day chiefly for the pleasant chats and friend ly h andshakes i t produced from our friend from a distance The Ambu lance Competitions were inlere_ting, no dou b t , but a man m u st be very interested if he watches co m petitions from II a.m. t() 4 p.m. without a sense of l ass it ude *

THIS g ives me an oppo;tunity of payIng my small tribute of ap p rAc iation to the judges. In some cases the competito r s seemed a little tired of the long waits, but the Jtldges went on unwearyingly with their work Clnd \\ ith.ou.t betraying the l ea t sign of impatience. It is gratlfyll1g to record that the unsucce ful teams heartily acq Ul esced in the awards that were giYen, eyen thoug-h the co mp e ti tors were very close i n so m e i nstqnces. '-'

IT would be noticed by all those ,,,ho ,vere pre ent at the Orystal Palace on the 6th ult. that the time in judO'il1O' the competition occupied about four hour. clthe objects of haying the se competitions in public mu t be to create some excitement and enthu iasm amOlw·t the onlookers, we venture to sugge:::t wheth er it not be possible in future conte -ts to deyise some method which ,,"ould te st the knO\dedge of the in a mu ch sh?rler time. those experienced in judging and managll1g affaIrs '\' ould confer together, sureh' they could arrange something that would intere t and arouse the public. One cannot expecl anyone not connected with ambulance ,york to ,,"atch a compLtition for four hours , or even half-au-hour ; and it is very difficult) eyen for those who are acquainted with it: to look on and feel interested when they do not knO\\' ,,"hat is beil1g done. There i progress in everything in thee days, and there will hav e to be progress and improvement in ambulance competition.:.

* :1(

T ow that the Great E3stern Railw ay Company ,yith " the wise men from the Ea t" have I, hown the way" in first aid "work at the Crystal Pabce the opp')rtunlty ha arri "ed for showing th e way in ,,-hich a Railway Company ought to be ambu lanced. "Strike ,,,hile the iron is hot" hould be a very good motto ju -t no,y at Li\'erpool Street.

* *

LET not the other Raihy;y Companies be discouraged because their team ,,,as not the ,,-inner. \Vinning a competition of tbat kind does not necessarily mean that the successful Company has made or is l1l:1king the best ambulance arrangements That remains to. be proyed, and we shall anxiously look for de,-elopments 111 the next few months. Ther e i nothing like competition for brilwilw out and te ting the inherent capabilities of an in fact one's " 'ho le life is a competition. and a Railway' Oompa;lY may be likened to an indi\-iclu.al with a healthy ambition-it ,,,ishes to be foremost ll1 whateyer it takes up * *

THIS, I belieye, was the fir *t p ublic occasion 0!1 '''hi.ch all the Deputy seen III AltoO'ether officers and ll1 thl - term I Illclude our ursmg made a b;aye sho,,,, and if some of our friends ,d10 doubt the yalue of the uniform had been present I "entme to think that, like Felix. they ,,"ou ld ha\'e been " dlmost persuaded" to change their "ie,\-

* *

THE recent Competition *haye brou.ght. home to some of the competitor the yalue ot dnll. I are some divisions in the Bri(T;}de \\-ho seem to thll1k that there is a tendency to encourage drill. who ha,'e taken par"l in the recently held i!l ,arious part - of the counlry do not !lcsltate no\\" to that the drill is "aluable not only 111 cases ,,·here a considerable number of men are \\'orking on ::etred but that it also is inY:1.luable in enabling" First ._-\id.er.s" .to work together smartly and cfllciently in trcatll1g I11J unes and lifting their patients. This, of course) ha - long been

18G FIRST

known to and urged by those in authority; and it is interestina to note that under the improved organisation the Brigade IS not only growing in numbers but i.s surely and rapidly increasing in efficiency by adopt1l1g the recognised uniform and heartily laking up the drill.

* *

T HE Metropolitan Corps is determined that it will be well prepared for the exceptional dl. ty in store for it. Fortnightly combined drills and fortnightly drills. for offi cers and supernumerary officers, under the effiClent guidance of the Sergeant-Major, gi\·e opportunities for practice which might be better utilised than they are by those for whom they are designed.

* * the Dazi)1 Graphzc 2znd May is an illu stratio n showing Mrs. Fenwick and Mr. Osborn receiving the Oueen of Greece at the English Hospital at Piraeus. We are quite s ure that the Metropolitan Corps of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigad e will be pleased to hear that their Chief Surgeon ha s had the time and opportunity to go ou t to the war and give his serv ice s in aid of the wounded. Perhaps when he r et urn s we shall have a chance of hearing of some of his experiences

H jfirst Bib 71 anb H tti" tt

By JAMES CA::-<TLIE, F.R.C.S.

DURING the recent ambulance competitions which culminated in a great alld important ceremony at the Crystal Palace, on i\Iay 6th, 1897, one o r tw o of th e criticisms are worthy of notice. The judges in the enclosures w ere not the only persons interested in the doings of the various teams Medical men frpm all parts came to see the compet iti on in order to ascertain how their teaching differed from that of others. Secretari es of centres were present in numbers to gle::m, if they could, h ow it was their men had failed. "\Vh ole teams of men interested in perfecting themselves in the details of ambulance work, fcanned and criticised the competitors with the assurance of experts. Perhaps nev er before had such a "teaching" display been gi 'en by the St. John Ambulance Association. But, whilst the competitors and the detachments from almost every part of England were eagerly learnll1g , many thoughtful persons, more especblly the surgeOl,s wl10 were amongst the onlookers, remarked that the competition was not in re al ity co nfined to" firs]; aid" work

I know one senior surgeon to a arge metropolitan hospital who was present, remonstrated very strongly upon the matter; and almost every surgeon present was inclined to the same belief. It was not that they objected to ambulance men learning the work, to whatever perfection possible; it was not that they wisht'd La limit them in the scope of the ir knowledge or the acquis!tion of all the details of minor surgery; it wa.s not that they were .afrald of the men pluming themseh-es upon bel?g docto;s; It was none of these things; it was a genuine behef th a t, In.many Instances, they were, by departing from ,. firrt aid" \\'?rk, not dOll1g the best for their patient. A person inj ured in the middle of the street, .in a coal mine, near dangerous machinery, in a crowd, amongst burning and fallll1g houses, wants prompt measures to stay further injury, and speedy removal. The pad at the back of the knee and on the elbow for bleedina from the foot anJ hand' the speedy application of a walking stick umbrella to a fracture of the leg, is the real notion of" first aid." Little, r may say nothing, of any such manner of was beheld at the competitions at the Palace Many compet l tors state that their surgeons will not allow them to place a pad at the k nee and elbow to stop hxmorrhage Leyond, but much more elaborate, plans of trea.tment. 1, for one, do not ?bJect to such bell1g g ven, and carried even higher than it IS; bu.t I d() object, In the name of what is "best for the pa tien t," such elaborate treatment under the name of" first ail!." It " first. aid," for want of a beLLer name let us call it " adv,mced ;Ild, It should be clearly underSlood that, between the two there 1s a great gap. The" first aid" of the Icivilian to the \\ork done on the field of battle by the men of the MeJlcal Staff Corps, advancing with the line of the attack. Ouickness and. effectIveness are essential tbere, as the has to be earned ou.t almost momentarily, otheJ\\ise the LOllch ",ith thc attackll1g r oops IS lost. ,\ n acciden tat the crossing at the Ban k be \.Ie\\eu In the \ray, and the most ,illlJlle treatment should be carned out \"'hen sheller is gained for the \\Olll1l1eJ or lI1Jured thell the effiCIency of the primary applications Illay be conSidered, the utmost that trainilw or aC'luireu sllrO'ical kno\\'ledcre by the [Jublrc can do, it is meet riuht to do. But 1Ioi iil/ the mterests of the patient demand the as much as the laue; treatment, and the former is "Erst aid," the htter is not. Call it

AI D. [J nne, 1897.

"advanced aid," call it further aid, but separate it.in way ;l.nd let teachers, examiners and pupils make up theIr mInds preVIously, whether the real subject l)efore them is" first" or "advanced" aid. For instance, a h:cmorrhage from the wrist or ankle was treated by a splint, pad and bambge at the competition, as lhere was an understanding, nay, direct assel-tion, that a mere pacl and at joint abo\"e was insufficient. The teachers who supply such InformatIOn are not teaching" Erst aid" ; we haye not splints anu bandages by us in the streets but we have effective means of contro llin g such hzcmorrhage by simp l e and ready means, are quite .effective and safe fOI' at least some minutes, or say untt! a doctor arnves If, h6wcver, the doctor's arrival is delayed say for half·an-himr, then" advanced aid" methods may be applied, but et it be distinctly. that the first applicat ion is as essential as the seconJ, and IS a dlstll1ct part of pure amhuhnce work. So a hold has this subject taken upon medical men who saw the compet I tIOns at the Palace, that they b e li eve that the best plan to deal with the ma.Her i.s to "first aid" an:! "advanced aid" cbsses And not o illy IS thiS adVisable [or tbe treatment o[ inju "ies but in regard to stretchcr work perhaps it is even more requisite still. I" That military drill was what my team faileu in" was a comrnon remark, and we ought to take a l esson therefrom I would not advocate chcckin a the" military drill '_I woulJ even develop it; but I would recommend that it be 1l0t taugbt with the" first aid" course. The first stretcher course should be simplicity itself, but the more precisc methods should be reserved fOI an." ., course, In future competitions, the subject should be dl,'lded Int o heads, "First Aiel Competitions" and" Advanced o r Further Aid Competi lions," and distinct courses for these purposes are loudly ca lled [or.

on 3ubilee

By THE EDITOR.

Asthis will be a record da,y for the St. John Bri.gade and the First Aid work to be done will be stupendOUS, placll1g great responsibilities on all those who are out on duty on that day, perhaps a word or two of advice will not be taken amiss.

At the time of writing I have not heard that arranf;ements are complete, but still I may be able to give so:ne Idea of what one. may expect to be Jane There will be at least 500 me'TIbers of the Bl'lgade on duty, about 250 or 300 from the provinces and about 200 belonging to the .'Iletropolitan Corps. They 'will be distributed at stations along the route in detachments in charge of officers, with, of course, as many surgeons as can be obtained. There are not many wagons belonging to the Brigade, but what there are will be utilised to utmost.

As there will be a day, a very long day, commencll1g early 111 the morning and finishing hte at night, and there will De very little time for going anywhere to get refreshment, I will just say a words about the personal requirements of each member on duty. \Vlth reference to the N ur;;ing Sisters, a great deal o f work hils upon them-not the going in amongst the heated and suffocating crowds, but the attending to the patients as they are brollght in ; therefore they shou Id see to themselves, and arrange to be in the best of health on that day. For a week or two beforehand they should do what I may call a little mild training-get to bed early, get up early, have regular rest and a fair amount of outdoor exelcise, no matter what the weather may be. On the day before they should rest well, anu then have a good and a long night's rest. As soon as they rise in the morning a cold or tepid bath for those who are accusto:ned to it, and then a good meat breakfast. It is no good for any buy to attempt to go on duty ,tll day if she is n ot fit and well, for it will only mean beforc the day is over another patient on the list.

As far as the male members of the Brigade are concerned, I nee,] not say much to them, as men :lre nearly always fit fora hard d:ly's work; except that they sbould have a good night's rest, and make a hearty breakfast before starling. [am very much afraid, however, that many of the officials at S1. John's Gate will be up all night.

\Vith reg:uu to food and refreshment for the clay, I would ad\ i.se each member of the Brigade to look after bis or her own commls· sariat arrangements. There will doubtless be food provided by the Brigade authorities, but a fcw sandwiches or a meat pie or sO:11ethlllg substantial in your pocket, or other receptacle, may fill an achll1g v.Old before the clay is over, and knowing that it is in your possession IS a combrt; for you may he so placed that you are unable to get at the food provided. I would advise all members to avoid alcoholiC stimulants; water, aerated water, tea or coffee are much better. It must be remcmbered that 011 a hot day stimulants get to the he;Id very C]uickly if the stomach IJe empty. If feelillg tired or faint, a wash with cold ",ater over the bead anu face is very n:lreshing.

'Yith regard to the duties. ,\ll members of the Brigade will, in all h:t I'e to assem ble at St. J Ohll 's Gate at ullt:arthly hour in tIlt'morning. I cannot disciiss how you \lill get Lhele, y?u wdl h;l\'e to bt: tht:rt:. As SOUl1 'l5 tll.: iJavreslcs;lledlstnbuled, the officers 111 charge of detacb men ts shou Id exam i ne them Lo see that they ha\'e the pl')per amoullt·of bandages, silints, &c" and see that the ale full of their respectivc call tents. \\'hen all is r eady the delaciJ.lnents will be marched off to their stati'Jl1s and tLIe wo,k WIll

June, 1897.J FIRST

begin. E very officer in. ch.arge is ina most responsible posi tion, and should take care that If hlS stock of bandages or splints should run out he ca n get some more fr om the wagon, or improvi!'e some. \Vat er will be the remedy in m ost and it would be advisab l e for each officer to find a house or some s imil ar place where he can get plenty. If accidenls should be so numerous that the material is used up, T see no objectio n to an officer applying to a house or two near at hand, and asking for cardboard, thin boarels, &c., and old calico to make into bandages.

With regard to the cases that are likely to occur, judging from past experience one is able, in a measure, to forecast the different kinds of illne sses and acciden ts most liable 1.0 happen I give them in order of frequency, but of course a good deal depends on the weather. 1£ it turns out to be h ot , which i s probable, the first on the list will beSlight Sunstrok e, or the effects of heat.-The symptoms will be El flushed face, giddiness, somet ime s vomiting and unconsciousness. For treatment, get the patient immediately out of the heat, make her (it is generally a female) lie down or recline, and give her some water, but no stimulants. These cases, if there is no heart disease, usually re cove r in a short time with this oimple treatment

Fain t lng.- The heat and the suffocating vapour in the dense crowds cause an attack o f fainting, and it differs from the previous complaint inasmuch as the face is rale, and not flushed. Treatment the same, but a littl e sal volatile or other stimulant may he gi\·en. These two complaints will form the !'ulk of the cases to be treated.

Hear t Dif'lease.-I have never yet diccovered vvhy people with heart disease go into crowds. I their curiosity overcomes tbeir discretion. Anyway they clo, and have to be treated. If a case of prolonged fainting is met with, and the pulse does not improve or the breathing gets very short or the face bf.comes bluish, YJU may suspect heart disease. F or treatment the lying down position is imperative, and a littl e sal volatile and ether can be given, about 20 drops of each at intervals; but hy all means let the surgeon see the if possible.

Fi· s.-E pileptics often go into crowds, and h e excitement and heat bring on the attack, which, however, won passes off, and with quiet the patient \\ill recover. If one attack follow5 another, and the patient (a man) tries to bite, he wants p:Jwerful Icstraint, and the surprise of a bucket of water thrown oyer his head does good He will want reo moving to the hospital for active treatment.

Accidents may cause :nany kinds of injuries, and are the result of being crushed in crowds, trampled on by horses, or horses stumbling and throwing their riders, for soldiers, policemen are not exempt from this, and even an am bulance officer has been known to come off his horse sudden ly and hurt himself.

It is quite possible that some of the stands orbalconies way give way, with disastrous results, and compound fractures and all kinds of curious injuries will then be seen.

Crushing.-Pe ople get squeezed and their ribs give way. The franure s usually at the side of the chest and causes great pain, which is much increased on breathing. Remoyal out of the crowd, placing in a comfortable position with a firm bandage round the chest, will generallv he ufficient until he Can be sent home

Wou nd s.-All kinds of wounds arc likely to be met with, from a bad com pound fracture to a small cut.

Veno u s Bleeding. -The only \'ariely of this which may cause trouhle is that from a hurst varicose vein in the leg. Of course, it should not be mistaken [or arterial bleeding. although it sometimes spurts out in a stream; the clark colour of the blood and the small pinhole perforation in the hleeding vessel will make the else clear. 1\. small pad on the \round and a firm bandage o\'er it, \\itb the limb raised for a time, will be sufficient, although occasiOIl'llly a roller bandage from the foot to the knee is required if the p:ltient has to travel some distance.

In dressing wounds, proyiding the sun;eon cannol be got ;It, first take care that the bleeding- has ct:ased, 01 will cea"e hy the help of a pad and handage; then, if it he a large one, draw the cdl',es togelher by placing strips of plaster across, dusl some horic acid o\er it, and then fix your pad and hal1d;tge. ]\'0 one, except a surgUJI1, should attempt to put any stitlhes in.

Fractu r es -[n )lutting up fractures, tbe fact of trnmpllrt mllst not be lost sight of, therefole the splints must not he longer or shoneI' than necessal y) anu the bandages not too tight for ft:ar of obstructing the venous circulation.

Tourniquet is n ot required, except the main artery of a limh he !njured. More halm than good may be done by the lise of this powerful Il1strument. Scalp wounds generally bleed freely, and it may be necessary to apply some pressure to the temporal artel)" which can be clone :Ylth A tourniquet improperly med \\111 r;:use the to Increase, s:!1I ply because the \"enOllS ci rculatioll is interfered \\ i I.h, and the floll of b lood through the artery is not ap],reciably chcl·ked.

[n getLi ng t hrougb a cro\\d, eithel wit h 01 wi thout stretebcI, 1 hope th"t members of the Brigade \\'ill always shOll unfailing courtesy; it always succeeds, for a crowd is never EO dense but th;Il it \\'ill not l'ear a little more tempor<.ry squcezing.

As Boon as an of6cer is placed on his station , it would I.e well for him

A I D. 18-:

to a shady side of a house or a garden, if possible, he can place "IS pattents, and by all means keep the crowd from encroachina on the ground, The police will help if asked. b

An officer l?as a grand chanc e here of showing- his tact, 111 ar;angll1g hiS statIOn, borrowing or begging chairs, &c., from nelghrounng- houses and in plaCll1g his men

1\ book will be given to each officer for the cases to be entered in therefore cases tl'eated ought to be entered so that an accurate record can be ohtalned of all patients that come under the care of the Brigade

1\.11 o;ficers in charge of detachments will receive instructions neare.st surgeon wi 11 be placed, and it s his duty to send for him m all senous cases, and no case should be sent to h ospital before it has been seen by the surgeon.

\Vhen the day'.s duty pack up the remains neatly in a hamper ?r havresac, for It saves an Immense amount of trouble to the Super111 tenden of Stores, and it does net look well for officers to allow bandages to be rammed in the havresacs in any kind of fashion.

Owing to the immense number o[ people who will be walking about the streets on Night, probably the whole of the night, and the crowds who WIll frequent the streets for the remainder of the week to see the decorations, yolunteers for duty during that time will probably be asked for. I would advise any member of the Brigade who can spare the time to undertake the work.

The St. John Amhulance Brigade, whenever called upon for duty, has always performed its work right nobly and right well, and I sincerely hope and trust that the Diamond ] ubilee Day will add one more link to the chain of affection that is being forged, uniting the Brigade to the citizen'; of London, including Her Gracious Ylajesty.

Bnlbulance in <Breece.

IT will doubtless interest many of our readers to know that l\1r. Sam. Oshorn, Chief Surgeon of the i\Ietropolitan Corps, St. John Am bulance Brigade, has gone to Greece in charge of an ambulance party to help the wounded in the war. \Ve sincerely hope that he will retum safc and sound, and in time for the 22nd inst., when we shall want him for our wounded in London Below we give a few lines which he has written to a friend:-

" English Hospital, Pimous. May 14th.

"I tb'mght you mig-ht like to have a line from m e. I have thoroughly enjoyed my run out so far. I managed to get here just in the nick of time. Got a steamer at once, and with four nurses, and a dresser, started for Volo, getting there just after the battle at Velestrina I took on board lOI wounded and about 40 people refugees who wanted to bolt because the Turks were coming into the town. In fact, we could see them coming O\-er the hill whilst I was in the Military Hospital at '.Tolo taking their p'1tients away. I then went to Stylis and took on board 9 more wounded, amongst them 3 Englishmen. I lost 7 poor felkws on my journey back here. Strange to sayan Englishman turned up yesterday to whom r had given ambulance instruction."

"S. OSBORN."

"Corfu. .'Ilay 17th.

"I ;L111 having a glorious time, and have never had such a splenc1id look in of 'first aid to the injured' in my life. I brought down 110 wounded from Volo after the battle of Velestrina, many of them very serious cases I lost se\"en poor fellows on the yoyage. I t is positi vely ridiculous how fond these poor soldiers haye become of me I am purposing running the blockade at Preyesa, and going to .Arta.; bringina all the \\'ounded I may find there back to Corfu which WIll be on m homeward journey. I t will be an excitement running my ship with the red cross under the guns of the Turks at Prevesa. "

S, OSBOR! ."

YOHKSHllm fHm Bl{IG.-\DE.-,\t tbe annual meeting in Uull, on the 15th ull., the llull Corps of the St, John Brigade (for the fir3t time taking part in pul?IIC proces:lOn) up rear. e h ief Su perintenden Hopper, p:,:nn tendent- h,ra use, 2>uperintendcnt \\'ingate, Sergeants tIson, and and forty pril"ates were present, \11th n!I1e stretchers, surgical havreqcs, and \\heded litter. 1 he processIon to tile .\ssembly Rooms where dinner ],artaken of. After dmner tbo3e tak!I1g part in the i)rocession proceeded to the. \'ictoria where two steamers were in ",aitina to take them a tnp on the fl\'er. The steamers proceedeLlull the br as Ferriby, the journey being gre;Itlyenjoyed by all. ;\. return \\',lS made in time [or tea, _ \\'E rearet to record the s;Id ue;tth of rk Evan D<1Yles, of Maesteg, lIe was thrown from his horse and very se \'erely illjured. The deceased gentleman, was .to been presented \lith ;l silver ·mounted el,ony walkll1R stick, \rhlch had been subscribed fOI by llll' mel1lhers or the l;reat R8,ilway and the :;\1I1lyffyl1Ull ,\mhulance I-,Iass l!1tenueu to prescnt hllll \\Il.h a O'uld pendant suitably I11SCI ibed, on the same d.lte, Dr. Danes hal"lllg been to both classes. llis funeral was yer)' the members of the Nanl),ffyllUl1 Ambulance Class aclll1g as pallbearers. The deceascu was greatly beloved by all classes.

]88 F I RST

WE underst1nd from tbe Publisher that last month's issue wa3 SOLD OUT very early in the month, and that a number of orders that arrived laLe were unab le to be executeo.

In order to ayoid disappointment, we advise our read e rs either to subscrihe or to g-ive their orders to their local agent e;-.rly, and th.en the Publi her will take care to provide a sufficient number of cop le s.

FIRST AID J[J},'E 1, 1897

THE pr esence of H R.II. th e Princess R OYAL TY Christian at the Ambulance F e te at the AND Orystal P alac e, on the 6th of last month, AMBULA:\CE shows once more to th e English people the keen sympathy th at exists amongst members of the Royal Family towards all efforts that are [lade for the alle,-iation of human suffering. Tbe kindness tbu exhibited by the in com ing amongst the ambulance men and presenti ng the prizes t o the wil'ners of the competitions, and the warrants to th e officers, will be most thorough ly and heartily aF preci a t e d by them.

"\V e need ha,-e no h es it atio n in say in g that th e jete was all undoubted su<zcess, both in th e keen int e re s t that the competitions excited in the ambulance world, and in the attendance of the genera l public. Great prai se is due to the Hon. Secretaries of the jete, and the Chief Sup erintendent of the l\Ietropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, by whom the arrangements were most satisfactorily carried out It was certa inly a great gathering of those interested in our work, one that will l ong be remembered by those who took part in it. P erhaps tbe public might haye been m ore interested if some special display appealing to their feelings had b ee n ginn, but th e competitions took up so much time that tb erc 'was apparently no room on the pr og ramme for anytbing of tl at kind.

.We have to our hearty congra tulations to the of dIfferent competitions, yiz., the City of Dublll1 Pollce, who won tbe general compe tition; the St. Jol-:n.'s Gate No. I Division, who won the Brigade competltlO l:; and the Great Eastern Railw ay team, who won the raIlway competition , "\Vh e n it is borne in mind that the. fiye teams in each competition selected to compete 111 the final n'ere the best t o be procur e d in the country, one naturally expects to see good work done, and we are glad to say that good work was d one in fact such display of first aid work wa s giyen tbat it would be dlfficul.t to find better. And, moreover, it reflects great credIt on all those who spent much labour and time on teaching them, and who must be proud of the good results thu s sh ow n.

On the 22nd inst. all the country will be celebratina in a manner w?rthy of this n a ti on the completion of 60th of reIgn of our Queen, and London especiall y WIll show Its loyalty and deyotion by the presence of of .th ousands al?ng the route of tbe proce ss ion , who "?l.l glye Her Majesty suc h a welcome as in all the monarch of no other country could obtain.

:::'u ch an enormous concou r se of p eop le as tbis will be ca.nl1ot, h oweve r, be brought t oge ther and di sperse d WIthout numerous aCCldents, and it will afford the St. J obn Ambulance Brigade a golden opportunity to sh ow what ambu lance work m ea n s and th e way it should be done. Tbe resources of the BI igad e will be taxed to the uttermost, and we tru st that as many proyincial officers and men as possible will co me to L ondon and help theIr brethren of th e Metropolitan Corp s on that great d,ay to be ;}S the (by of all day s , by all fll :, t -alclers \\'110 gIve tht!lr help.

A I D. [Jun e , 1897.

On J ubi l ee D ay, Lon d o n w ill h ave a pr act i ca l d e m onstration of street ambulance wor k o n a l arge sca l e, and surely t h e ti me has no w arr ived for br in g i ng fo r ward publicly t he question of an ambu l ance serv ice . M any members of the R oyal Family are we ll acquai n t ed with first aid work, some of them h aving been sp ec ially instructed in it, and if only one ot t h em could b e persuaded to take the matter up, its success would be assured, A few days ago an anonymous d onor g a ve the magnificent sum of £25,000 towards the Princess of "\Val es' s Fund for providing free dinners to t h e p oor on Jubi lee Day, an evanescent and doub tfu l benefi t , and likely to bring unexpected resu l ts in its train . I s t h ere no millionaire sufficiently philanthropic t o devote a like sum towards the equipment of an ambulance service?

"\Ve think th e re are many, and it only wants to be brought befo re their n o tice in a proper manner to elicit a hearty response "\Ve hope this Jubilee year will not pass awa y wi th o ut something being done, or at least attempted

{tb e <t atastropb e at ]paris.

WE ha\'e received the following from Mr. Nachtel, and it Rives us a yery good idea of what a dreadful and sh ocki ng calam ity this was:" Grand H otel Pari s. " qth May, 1897.

" I have much pleasure in gi\'ing yo u the following particulars regarding the' Ambulance Crbaines' in connection with the awful fire at the Bazaar de la Charite :-

"The cause of the fire seems to have been an explosion in t h e kinematograph apparatus As regards the' Ambulance Urbailles,' it seems certain that if these ambulance carr iage s had n ot existed in Paris the h or r or of the catastrophe, great as it was, would h av e been intensified. Th e dead and injured would ne cessari ly have had to be carried through the streets on stretchers. This, besides entailing the services of a g rea many more men, 'would have occ upi ed a whole day, and it would have bee n impossible for the r elatives to identify the bodies the same night, as they were in a g reat many cases ab le to do. Furthermore, the impression produced on the publi c by such a scene woul d bave bee n even more painful th an it wa s. Thank s to the telephonic message I sent, the ambu lance carriage s were soon on the s pot; the work went on rapidly, and great numbers of people were spared lon g hours of su spe n se and anxiety.

"' Th e spectacl e was a horrible one, The bodies were very much mutilated, and n many cases arms and le gs had comp letely disappeHed. Some bodies were entirely beheaded. !\I any bod ie s were very mu ch slVo ll en, as after drowning. Owing to the gases in the hodies, many of them burst and p:ut of the intestines protruded. It wa s the same with the heads Th e skulls burst open and the cerebra substance oozed out. Th e bodies were very mu ch distorted, apparently having suffered very much before death.

"When I arrived o n the sce ne the heat wa s still very intense, although the fire had been ext inguish ed I examin ed the ground and discovere d arm and leg bones and portions o f ce rebral substance. III many instances the abdomen was sp lit open and portions of the visceral organs were partially burned.

June, 189 7 .J FIRST

]portrait <Ballerp.

HEATON HowAlm, M R.C.S L R.C.P, LOND EDITOR" FIRST AID"

THOSE of our r eade r s who have had the pleasure of making hi s acquaintance will have but little difficulty in re cogni si ng the genial features of (( Our Editor."

Born in 1855

111 Lancasb ire Mr. H eato n C. H oward, \I"bo was th e youngest so n of tbe Re,Thoma s Howard, B.A., spen t his ea rly days in the R osse ndale valley nea r Manchester, wh e re his father k e pt a large school.

In 187 0 he was sent up to London , and for fi,-e years was engaged in study ing for the Jaw This work, h o",eye r, did not prove congenial to hi s ta st e, so in 1876 he was educated priyat ely for the medical profess ion, and in th e month of Octobel- of th a t year he entered St. George's Hospital, obtaining hi s degree as M.R.C.S. in July, 1880, an d tbat of L.R.C.P. in July, 1883.

An ardent athlete, Mr. H oward during hi s H os pit::ll caree r w o n many pri zes h ot h for cycling and rU'111ing , and it is a matter of pride to him that h e won the InterHospital thr ee mil es race on two o:casions.

In 188 0 he commenced practice in the n eigh bourhood of Clapham,in which part of L ondon he has continued toreside.

It wa s early in 1887 that he first became impr esse d with the importance of ambulance work, and from th a t date hi s inter es t in th e w0rk has neYer flagged, In 1B9I the Central Ex ec utiye Co:-nmittee of the J oh n Ambulanc e Association, recognising bis zeal) appointed bim one of it s Examin e rs, and it is interesting to note that since th a t period he ha s examin ed upward s of I ,8 00 candidates in "first aid n and nur sing.

AID . 189

fellow ship as ',,'ell as for hi s st urdy ind ependence of charact e r; and the. ,niLer i but ecboina th e wislles of many friends when he expresses the that "O ur Edi.tor" m ay. long be spared to occ up y the Editorial chmr, and stdl further assist in the devolopment of th e work be b as so much at heart.

jfete at <tr\?staI IPmlace.

THlsfAmb ul ance Demonstration and Fete, organised by the X orlYood Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, took place on the 6th M ay unde r favourable auspices. It consisted of the final he:\ts of three competitions,.the preliminary ones ha\'ing ':leen decided during the last few weeks, With the result. th:lt the five teams with the hig-hest marks were selected to com pete 111 the final. The other part of the Fete was the presentation hy H,R.H. the Princess Christian of the warrants to the officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

As early as IO.30 a.m. the competitors were paraded on the Terrace, and at II.3 0 the contests began in the Central Transept in front of the Handel O r chestra. The competitions in each class consisted of Stretcher Work, Individual Bandaging, and Vi\'a \'oce, and AItificial Respiration with the forming of two-handed and four-handed General Oomp e tition .-Open to all medaI:ion holders ()f first aid certibcates in teams of fi\'e , Judges: Depu ty Inspector-General :'I1atthew Coa tes, M.D., Surgeon-Colonel Forrester, and Surgeon-Captain Collingridge, i'lI.D.

The names of the teams selected for the final, were :-CambridaeCity of Dublin Police-Claybury-Frizzington-and Plymouth. ;:,

The result was :- City of Dublin Police, 1st; Cambridge, 2nd. P lymouth 3rd ; Claybury, +th, and Frizzington, 5th o Brigade O ompetition-Open to teams of five men representin rr corps or divisions in the St. John Ambulance Brirrade. Surgeon-Captain Rawnsley, A.:'I.S., and Surgeon-Lieutenant Harper V.i\I.S.C" assisted by Small.

1 he eam s entitled to compete in the fin;:! were :-Broxtowe Di loisionBabbington Corps-East Ham Division-St. John Gate, 1\0. Di"ision (Metropolitan Corps)-Wellingborough Corps, No. Di\'ision-and \Velling borough Corps, TO. 2 Division

The result was :-St. John's Gate, Xo. Division, 1st; East Ham Division, 2nd; Wellingborough Corps, Xo. I yd j Wellingborough Corps, No.2, 4th j and Broxtowe Division (Babbington Corps), 5th.

In addition to the prizes in this competition the winners were entitled to hold for one year a shield kindly presented by R. Dewar, Esq for annual competition.

R ailway Oompetition - Open to teams of h e men a Railway Company in the United Kingdom. Judges: Hon. Surgeon J. Cantlie, l\1.B" Hon, Surgeon Heaton C. Howard, and Brigade Chief SUfJe rin tendent Brasier.

The teams ent itled to ccmpete in the final were -T he Great Eastern Rai lway-The LondoD, Chatham, & Dover Railway-The London and North \Yestern Raihyay- The North London Railway-and the Liverpool O,'erhead Raihyay.

The result was :-Great Eastern Railway, 1st; North London Railway, 2nd j London & Korth \Vestern Railn'ay, 3rd; London, Chatham &Dover Railway, +th jland Lil'erpool Overhear! Railway ,5 th In this competilion also the winners were entitled to bold for one year the Challenge Shield presented by the St. John Ambulance Association.

"

W e pack ed several bodies in eac h ambulance, and pl ace d alongside each whatever articles we fo und nea r them. Thi s facilitated the i dent ifi catio n by the relatives, which was a difficult task, as nearly all the ]-todies were carbon zed I had even fri e nds of mine who p er ished in this sad disaster; but I die not recognise them wh e n putting the bodies into 'the ambu lance carr ages

" I was pr esent a the identification of the body o f th e Duchesse de Alen<;on. After the dentist bad categoric3. lIy decla red one o f the bodies to be that of the Du chess, I put sever al questions to bim. He then wa ve r ed and had about it Half-an-hour ate r he identified another body as that of tbe Du chess

"The numb er of victims i s II7. Three bodies still remain unidentifi ed. The number of injured is from 50 to 60.

" H. NACHTEL."

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

VERlT AS .-\Ve are sorry we cannot insert your letter, it being against our rule.

S. B., IN QUIRE R, AND OTHERS,-We have not yet been officially ll1formed wh ethe r the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade will use this jo ur nal to pub li sh orders, &c.

The Cycli s t Di, ision of the M et rop olitan Corps was founded in I 889 by M1'. Alan Palmer in conj ullction with Mr. Howard, who was appointed its Hon. Surgeon As a judge at Ambulance Competitions bis sen-ices are constantly requisition e d; for competitors reali se that , al though he n eve r p asses a fault, he nevtr fails to recognise really good w or k, and it is not saying t oo mu c h when we state that he i s one of the mo s t popular judges in the Service. As a le c turer he is intere st ing and correct in detail, and his lectures to the members of the Brig ade are always attended by a large and appreciative audience.

Fond of journalistic work, he has be en the Ed i tor of this j ourna l since its birth, and the success that has atte n ded t his, the only Ambulance journal in our country, has been largely due to his untiring energy.

1\1r. Howard holds strong yi ew s on the yalue of th e ambu lance certificate, and pupils who pas s the standard for exam ina t ion required at his hands teel that they haye thoro u ghly earned their II pa ss ."

Kind-he:1rted and thoroughly genuine, tho se who have the pleasure of an intimate aC'1uaintan ce with Mr. Howar d , soo n l eJn1 to appreciate him, both for h is good

It is difficult to give any opinion of the first aid work done by the yarious competitors on account of not knowing the injuries that were give n by the judges, but as far we could see there was not much difference between some of the leadlllg teams. It undoubtedly reqUired close insp e ction to separate them. The Brigade Competition took lonrrer time than tbe others, and the only genuine applause was giyen by public when the Great Eastern team (to fill up the time) showed the method of lifting the loaded stretcher O\Oer obstacles represented by some chairs. ..,

H.R. H. the Princess Christian alTJ\'ed about 3.30., and was recel\'eJ by C E. Tritton,Esq" ;,\1. P. for ;'\orwood, Colegra\-e, \\'ho presented a bouquet to Her Royal Highness. After opening the Vi ctorian Exhibition she proceeded to the Handel Orchestra, when ;'\1r. Trilt 0n then spoke a few words of welcome. Amongst those present we noticed i'I1r. Brudenal Carter; Col. Thackeray, '.C" Commissioner o the Brigade j Deputy :-Col. q. W. BO\\"dler (:fo. 1. District), C. l\lil nes Hey" :\I. A. (2\.0' ,II. Dlst,net), L ie ut.- Co l. G. Elltston (:\0. III. DIstrIct), :\IaJor Tnmble 1\ . D!strict), S tuart W a;-dell Y. and A;,sis:ant CO?1mlSSlOners :-W. H. \ ernon (No. If. Dlstllct), T. II. \\ ool::.ton 1 II. District), J. C. Derham (:fo IVo District), :llId Captain n, i\lil burn (::\0. V. District). ,

The Princess then proceeded to present the \\"arrallts to the Si sters and the Officers of the Brigade, and it lI'as a 'ery pretty sight to see the becoming dresses and the uniforms of the officers filing past. After this the prizes antI shie ld s were presented to the teams, fo:- all the teams in each compe t ition obta in ed prizes, The proceedings tenninated with a vote of thanks to the Princess, moved by Col. Thackeray.

'[be 1 ife Sa,, ! ng

A MEETING of the Central Executive was held at the offices of the Society, 8, Bayley Street, London, 'N.C., on May 2 oth, and there we r e Messrs. W E. Bull (in the cbair), J. E. May, H. R Austin, E. R. Du Parcq, Miss E. Kingston, ::Vlessrs. F Kreuzer, '\"1. Medwin, Miss A. Stone, Mr. G. "1. Steyens, and the Hon. Sec , who announced tbat since tbe last meeting tbe Report had been issued to all clubs and institutions whose addresses were known in the United Kingdom, and that a large number of the affiliated clubs had taken 50 Reports for distri bution in the respe cti ve to\\'ns tbey represented; also that a number of Board Scho o ls bad taken the Report for distribution to their respective schools; in th is way 4,700 had been issued. The 1895 edition of the" Handb co k of Instruction for the Saving of Life from Drownin er " had been exhausted. The Jubilee edition was now i n the press, would be ready by June ISt. Correspondence was read from the Belgian, German, Swedisb, New South \Vales, and New Zealand Associations to the effect that rep res entatives from each of those bodies would participate in the Annml Demonstration to be held in the West India on July 3rd. The programme for tbe occasion was decided upon, and the Beverley S.C., Norwich Police S.C Thistle S.C., Thornton IIeath Ladi es' S.C., Hackney Union S.C., and Brunswick and individuals were el ected to membership. E:xamlners were appoll1ted to several classes ll1 London and the proVll1ces. The programme of the Visit of Organisation by the Hon. Sec. to the North of England, Sco tland, and Ireland, with a view of promoting the aims and objects of the Societ y was approved as follows: -Sunderland , Monday 2+th, and Sunday, wben a lecture woujj be and examinations held. On Wednesday, \Vest Hartlepool, where meetll1gs have been arranged for. by Mr. On Thursday a call woyld be made at EdInburgh 111 the morn 111 g, and in the evening a meetmg would be held at Glasgow, convened by Mr. William Wilson. On Friday a demonstration would be held at the Ormeal Baths, Belfast, and a lecture given, the tour concluding at Dublin on the following Saturday. The draw for the NATIONAL LIFE-SA VI 'G COMPETITION

was approved of as follows :-First round: Pacific S.C. v. Pelican S.C., Pacific S.C. (2nd) v. South African House S.C., Shrewsbury S C. v Bedford S.C., Coventry L.S.C. v. Shrewsbury S.C. (2nd), Edge Lane S.C. v. Manchester Osborne S.C., Farnworth S.C. v. Heywood Grundy S.C., London and .India Docks S.C. (holders), a bye, and Dreadnought S.C., a bye ThI.S round to be concluded on or before July 17th.

Second round.-Tle London and India Docks S.C v. Pacific or Tie 2: Pacific or South African Hou se v. Dreadnougbt.

TIe 3: Coventry or Shrew sb ury v. Shrewsbury or Bedford. Tie 4 : Edge. Lane or v .Farnworth or Heywood Grundy, and It was deCIded that all tIes ll1 tbIs shall be decided on or before August 28th Third round.-Winner of Tie v. 2 and 3 v. 4, to be concluded on or before S ep tember 18th.

It was resolved that the semi-final and final rounds shall be decided at G!asgow, the date to be fixed after June 1st, when tbe entries for the. and contests close and are drawn, the winners of whIch WIll compete m the semi-final. The dravv for the Soutbern Counties' qhallenge Shield was also made as follows :- First round.-

I : PaCIfic v. Pelican. Tie 2: Pacific v. South African House. Tie 3: London and. India Docks, a bye. Tie 4: Dreadnollght, a bye round.-Wmner of Tie 3 v. I and 2 v. 4. The first !'ound to be deCIded on or before July 17tb, tbe second August 28th,and the final round on or before September 18th.

BEDFORIJ A;,\]ATEUR SWIYlMING CLUB 'vVe.dnesday, 5t.h, a mo st instructive and interesting lecture on SWImmIng: and lIfe ·savIllg was deliveled at the Town IIall, in connection WIth tne ?wimming Club, by Mr. W. Henry (hon. sec. of the LIfe SaVIng Society). The chair was taken by the Rev. Dr. Pool e, the. hall was well filled, the audience including tbe Mr. Jun.,. C?uncillors Warton and Potter, M1'. J. :' Ilkmson and the fllIs ses the fllisses Poole, Dr. Ily. SkeldIl1g .(Capt.), and l\lr s Skeldmg, flIr. W. Wilkin so n (hon. sec.) Miss R?b1l1s on. Mrs. Can oIl and pupils, Miss Smith, 1\1r. Verey, Mr. 'Mark \\ Pearse, l\fr. R. Hill, and the boys of .:.Yressrs Bates and Baldw1l1 s Elemen tary Schools and the Master and the children of the WOI khouse and Town Schools.

;rhe Chairman, his introductory said that they were all a,\a:e that. the Society they were advocatll1g that night was the Life SaVIng SOCIety, and objects were such as must commend themselves to all people who were 1I1terested in tbe preservation of life

T!,E PROPER DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN BbDY orthe cultlva.tJon of and cold determined pluck. Therewerenot many 111 whIch sWlmmmg was so much cultivated as at Bedford and speCIal were due to the exertions \I hich bad lately by Dr. captain of the club and h onorary member of the SOClcty, i\lr. the secretary, and others (applause). He thought ro" lllg, aSSIsted tbes\\lmming as no doubt tbe were ,a ll a\\are that the schoois they had rul es that'no boy should to boat untIl he could swim, and every year from the school of w ,.Ic h he. was head master no les s than sixty or seventy boys learned to S\Hm a dIstance of half-a-mIle (a pplause), therefore they would a ll agree

that they were by no in the back.ground with regard to swimming. But perhaps they dId not know qUite as as they ought about it as a life sav i ng art. Tbey wanted to know the best met h ods of life saving, r eleasing tbemse lves from the clutch of the drown ing &c. and the various positions and attitudes

, TO PREVt£NT THAT MOST UNDESIRABLE RESULT

T he Lecturer said as far as swimm i ng waS concerned they had iri Bedford l1:u.ch facilities than many other towns. He had that day VISited theIr baths ar.d was much surprIsed to find suc h a splendid estabhs?ment for open air bathing With such establishments surely the claIm put forth by the chairman was a righteous one and should bring forward the result they to see, namely tbat everyone 1>hould be able to SWIm. I n hIS llltroductory remarks Mr. Henry said that he taken much trouble in order to find out when swimm ing was first llltrodllced to men IIe and others bad searcbed t h e B r itish Museum and other places, but they had all failed. The more they searched the more they found it was an ancient art. Swimminrr was depicted on bas reliefs in the British Museum, supposed to hav;been carved 880 years before Christ, and it was also mentioned time after time in their Bible, and it was recorded in every book

AS ONE OF THE MOST ANCIENT ARTS that had .been taught to men. He considered the rise and progl'ess sWlmmmg III England commenced in 1828. Prior to that time very little was thought about teaching swimming, until Liverpool came to the front and commenced building covered baths. After that the then Lord Mayor of London in 18+6 called a meeting to consider the question of building b.aths and for the working classes. The result ?f the was I.n an Act of Parliament was passed In the Il1terests of SWlmmll1g and washing, In J8+8 there were in London only three public Baths, to-day there were 39, and in 1852 some 80,000 persons were returned as having attended them either to wash or to swim. In r 896 taking 26 baths, which were open during five months of the year, over I,800eoo persons visited them (applause.) Equal progress had been made 111 other towns and sin ce the introduction of the teaching of swimming into the' Education code, the Masters the Elementary Sch;:JOls had taken it up and taught it regularly 111 very many London Schools a WOrK which they were doiner ch!efiy for love the art and the it gave them to see chIldren gaIn profiCIency. In that direction Leeds, I'\ottingham and other towns have made great progress because it has been laid down by the respective School Boards that, if pos sib le, every child should be taught to swim, and the result of that was that

THO USAND S OF CHILDREN WERE TAUGHT

last year The Life Saving Society recommends a system by whIch the chIldren sh.ould be taught how t? move and fioa t properly the ,,,ater. ThIS was regularly practIsed on the Continf:nt and IS by a system of land drill. The children are taught in classes III theI.r respectIve schools, when proficient in the drill upon land, and the chIldren know each movement, they are then taken to the water. UntIl recently tbe mode was to put the child into the water and then begin to tell it how to place its arms, mo\ e its egs and manage its ?reatb All tbat was waste of time which could be prevented by the lI1 str uctlon upon land first. It wa:; just as easy to get a class to move together, to teach them every mo\'ement in connection with swirnminer as it was to place them in the water and allol\' them to get cold and waste. half a bef?"e they had any idea of mO\'ing their arms and legs 111 the nght dIrectIOn. 1 he lecturer then referr ed to tbe appointof h o n o rary mstru c tors and said it was so metimes with great they got them to act. lIe wished to impress up o n them the lmport.ance of obta!ning the services of such gentlemen who would give up theIr tIme certam days a week to teach tho se unable to swim. One time half the subscriptions to swimming clubs went to races and 25 per cent. of that amount WAS WON 13Y THE BEST S\VTi\IMERS but now a great proportion o f the 700 or more swimming clubs in the Pm.ted KI.ngdom more attention to teaching Swimming and Life Savlllg. WIth most beneficial results to the clubs and to the people. AccordIng C!l the old fashioned methods boys and girls we re generally taught sep,arately, and as to that, one had only to point out that if they were to gIve one master to each boy to teach them to read and write he wa s afraid.thei: education would be very limited, and so it wa s found as regards SWlmmll1g, hence land drills. In Berlin, he (the lecturer) saw 200 boys recelye.a le sso n.ll1 swimming at once in the gymnasium, and on an average It took SIX les so ns to teach el'try one to swim and many learnt it in two In his opinion the teaching of shou.ld go hand in hand with teaching how to read and wrIte ancl the chIldren would be far better able to take care of themselves in case of The breast stroke and back swimming he considered most 11l1p v rlant, by two st roke s o lle could reEc ue ;l fetlolV creature when the s tl'Oke would be bc:callse, by the breast and bac.k stroke lock they were bouyed up and greater power over th.e person be1l1g re sc u ed Mr. II enrythen describ ed the Trudgeon or IndIan stroke, and exp lall1ed how to learn to fl oa and cautioned who intended to become good floaters that the body must be kept st.ralght and the back should not be holl ow, nor should a person bend h IS head forward or lift tile hands out of the waler. The hands and arms

June, 1897. J F IR S T had to be above the head so as to counterbalance the dead weiaht of the legs as much as pos si ble.

TIlE BEST WAY TO GET RID OF CRA:-'1P [or the time was to rub the affected part, and if in the leg s pull back the big toe which at once released it and the swimmer could go on for a time. Many people did not know how to breathe properly, and after a few hints as to. the hest metbods of taking in breath the lecturer proceeded to explall1 the methods of life·saving, how to approadl and carry a person in the water; things to be avoided; release from the clutch of the drowning; resllscitation of the apparently drowned; the method for promoting artificial respiration; how taught, and how to promote warmth and circulation. By means of numerous capital lantern slides al; these methods were most ably described, and the Life Saving Society's drill was also gone through on the stage by Messrs. Asbton, Eats , Blake, and Sto ck, four members of the Bedford Swimming Club, to the great satisfaction of the audience. The lecture, which lasted nearly one a half hour s wa s hrollght to a close hya Yote of tbanks, proposed by th e Chairman and scconded by Dr. llenry Skekling:, who has taken much intere st in th e movement, and, as a result, it fs just probable that the subject will be generally t:l.ken up in 13edford. T he team of the Club is a remarkably smart one, the members being highly complimented on their display.

THE MANCHESTER BRANCH of the Life Saving So ciety have inaugurated the season with a series of lectures and displays at the various baths, &c., in l\lanchester, and it is the intention to endeavour to spread the art among both sexes. The Baths Committee offer the members every facility, and on that score they have no hing to comp lain. The practice is full of interest, besides being of the greatest advantage in these day S of seaside tra\·elling. Plenty of active work i s being accomplished, and we shall see a great difference in the results of the year's work in th is district. A large number of people assembled at the '\Vbitw orth Baths, Op ens haw, on l\lay 17th, to witness an exhibition of swimming, especially the branch applied to the rescue and resuscitation of a drowning person. The demonsuation was one of a series promoted by the fllanchester and District branch of the Life Saving Society, with the object of making m o re widely known the advantages to be derived from the possession of a knowledge of swimming, and to stimulate public opinion in favour of the adoption of swimming and life ·saving as a branch of instruction in schools. The displays been decided upon. 1\11'. Taylor, of Openshaw, presided. The first event was an exhibition on h.nd of the release drill by Messrs. F. Asbton, F. Isherwood, C Taylor, and W. J Taft, members of the Farnworth Swimming Club, under the conductorship of flir. J. Aspinall, president of the branch, showing how to release oneself from the clutch of a drowning person. The next was a display of the rescue drill, showing the best method of approaching, taking hold, and carrying to shore a person in danKer of drowning, followed by an exhibition of the practice of resuscitation of a person apparently drowned, introducing Dr. Silvester's method of restoring natural respiration by artificial means when breathing is suspended. Tl-.e whole of the former drill was afterwards illu strated in the ,Yater. Four lady members of the Cheetham Iligher Grade BO :ll·d School, under the leadershi p of :,\1 r. R. Racer, also took part. l\liss Nellie Pickles, of Openshaw, and" Little Tich," of the Osborne ':: lub, gave a clever display of o!'namental swimming, followed by an exhibition of the back and breast stroke swimming by ;\11'. R. A. Crawshaw, of l\lancbest er, the holder of the National Shi elds of England. A roo yards scratch race between ,\V. Gallagher, of Openshaw, and G. \\,ilkin so n,of Gorton, resulted in the latter winning agood race by about a yard. The di sp lay concluded with a water-polo match between the Openshaw and Gorton te,Lms, and was voted a decided success

ABOUT THE RECORD GALA.

News to hand sho w that Percy Cavill, the Amateur Champion of Austra.lasia, is on his way ol'er to England and due to arrive in a few days by the Ora/at/a. £Ie will be the guest of the Executive of the Life Saving Society at whose invitation he has und ertaken such a very long journey in order to compete in the :'IIile Championship to be h eld on the 3rd July in the We st India D ocks, on which occasion he will be opposed by A. Toepfer, A.mateur Champion of Germ:l.l1Y, who is a remarkably fine s wimmer and ha.s creaLd some astonishing records over long distances. J. IT Tyers is a certain starte r as he not o:lly holds the cup but also the world's record for a mile swim stands to his credit, it is therefore to be hoped that he will be in tht: best of form on the day and retain England's pre s tige in the SWimming- world. 'Ve learn that Bob Derby sh ire will also compett: and, if pos:;ible, gain chief bonours in the event, whicb can be rightly styled as " th e one of the century" as never hefore in the history of the .nt ba\e so many prominent swimmers met together on one day in orde r to celebrate the record re ign of lIer Most Gracious th e Queen. In addition to these we are to hal e 11. S. Hart, tlll' :\mateur Champion of \m erica 'V. G. Stratton, ,\matcur Champion of :'\C\\ i.ealand. who are hOLh at pI'est:ntin L ondon preparing for thc of the best swimmers from al l parts of the United Kingdom will also compete. For the I\ational Graceful Di\'ing a like entry is expecled, and it is with the greatest possible pleasure that Il' e hal'e to announce that 13elgi um, Sweden, and Germany \\ ill send their be:;t reprc:entati\'cs

AID. 1

!=l1

to oppose :>ur Mr. II. S \Ial'lin, who has won the competition for two years 111. succeSSlOn In VIew of the fact that the Society will be supported thIS year from all p<l.rts of the worlel it has been that specl1.1 prIzes should be gi ven to all who com pletc a certa 111 time to. be fixed; whether this be possible s yet to be de CIded by the ExecutIve at the next meeting. It is also expected that the entry for the events o n the programme will be very large, in that case the preillmnary races will be decided the day prior, and thus leave none but such events which will decide the winners in one race on the day such splendid Sl.Ipport should be forthcoming must be mo s t gratlfyll1g to all who value the work in which the Li fe SayinO' is engaged, and understand that in order nothing sha ll tlllg to make .occasion a memorable one a special appeal is to be Issued for SUbSCrIptIOns merely to defray the C05tS of organization and managem ent of such a truly international event Th ose who subscribe TOS. 6d. entitled to a special reserved seat to witness the display, such SUhSCrIpt Ion sh;ulcl,be sent to the of the Society, R, B:1yley ?tree.t, Lond on, [0 the occaSIOn a SOll\'c:nlr prognml1le IS bell1g prepared lor present:t.tlOl1 to all subscribers on the day, and very probably a b<J.nquet will be held to which the visitors from a distance will !Je invited. Any suggest ions that a member may \\'ish to make will be most glady received by the responsible officers of the Society who se only desire is to make the Re co rd Reign Gala worthy of the occasion

LECTURE AT

A highly-successful lecture was given at Sunderland, on Monday, May 2+th, by :\Ir. W. Henry, Hon. Sec. of tbe Life Saving Society. There was a very large attendance, ai1d the occupied the chair and the details of management were carried out by thE members of Sunderland A.S.C., with :\Ir. Frank Webster at their head, who had a most gratifying reception There \"ere a large number of ladies present, several of whom entered the water and gave a "ery fine display of tbe methods recommended by the Society for the rescue of the drowning most ably conducted by !\Iiss Annie Dixon and '\li ss :'Ilinnie Duncan, Captain and Vice-Captain respectively of the Ladies' Club. The teams were made up of the following :-.\Iisses Ettie Shackleton, Ada Atkinson. Blanche Collinson, Edith Duncan, Jose :'Iichelson, Sissy Hudson, Ethel Egglishaw, Allison Shaw, and Annie Jack. The gentlemen m embers' team consisted of Me ssrs W. Branton, J. Reed, T. Jack, and J ,\Vhittaker, winner of the Divisional and Champions hip North Life Saving Compet it ions in I8 9 5 and 1897 Th ese displays were given during the lecture, whi ch. incl.uded (r) Te aching Swimming, (2) B reast and Back Stroke SWimmIng, (3) O\'er-:Hm and Trudgeon Stroke, FIOJ.tioer, Plunging, Cramp, and Breathing, (5) Life Sa\'ing Methods &c. At the conclusion of the lecture, which lasted close upon an hour, }Ir. Henry entered the water, and took part in a race With the local ch'lmpions, '\lessrs. J. C .\Iorton, R. Pyle, and T. Whittaker; also with ,\V. \Veb ster, the Hon. Sec. of the Club and district representative of the Society, in a scientific swimming display. At tbe conclusion of a remuka b ly well-arranged pr ogramme the May or (Alderman ,\V. Burn s ) returned thanks, al!d strong ly recommended the subject of life-saving and swimming made of the natioaal education. Examinati ons for the ProfiCIency CertIfIcates and :\Iedalli o n and Instru ct ion Certificates were held on Tuesday, with most encouraging results.

AT WEST HARTLE POOL.

A birr reception awaited the H an. Sec of the Life Saying Society, on Wednesday, at 'Yest Hartlep ool, where the. local. represen tatiyes had spared no pains to make the subject of lIfe-sa\'lng .thoroughly known. Arri\'ing at VVest Hartlepool early In the mornmg, he was conducted to various pla ces of note. In the afternoon the members of the Porpoise Swimming Club gave a display in the off the Pier, but the \ULter was much too cold for a long stay, It bell1g only about 4 8 tleg., which is not a tempera.lure one would select for a pleasurable swim hence was not surpnsmg that many should prefer to look on mthe;' tha.n to test floating ability under such conditions. After dinner an invitation lecture was gi\'en by Henry in the large. Hall of the Y :\1.C.A. to a large and select A word of praIse must be eril'en to the members of the PorpOIse S.C., who rra\'c a yery wellfinished display of the land drills of the Society. After the lecture '\1r. Henry left for Edinburgh, and Belfast. _\t each of these places similar meetings w ere held.

rrI-IE LIB E

S VING SOCIE'rV, 8,

BAYLEY STREET. LONDON, w.e.

THE DIAMOND JUBILEE EDITION OF THE lbanbbooJ\ of

3nBtrllction,

For the Rescue, Release from, and Resusitation of the Dr·owning. "'illlJc Puhli::;hed on JUlIC 1st. Price, post flce, 1:,.11<1. llClllbers

OFFICIA L BADGE

OF Tng

1Lt fe S a"fn g S ocf e }2. n WHITE BLUE AND GO LD ENAMEL. Fo r use of Me mbers, Hol der s of th e Med a lli o n or Certifica e, Members of Cl ub s or kind re d Associations affiliated to the S oc iety.

Pri ce, (Post Fr ee) 2 s. Gel.

T H E D I AMOND JUBILEE

CHAMPIONSHIP GALA

OF TIlE LIFE SAVING SOC I ETY, UNDER THE P R ESIDENCY OF THE HON , SIDNEY HOLLAND IN TilE WEST IN D IA E XF ORT DOCK ON SATUR D AY, .JU LY 3R O 89 7 , AT 4 P M

A RE CORD PROGRAMME of CONTINENTAL, CO LONIAL, an d ENGLISH AMATEUR C HAMP IO NS.

1, How o Save Life from Drowning, 2. O ne Mile Amateu,- C hampionsh ip

3. National Graceful Div ing. 4 100 Yards Open Amateur Ha ndicap.

5. 10 0 Yards Obstacle Handicap. 6. 100 Yards Rescue Handicap, 4th

Method. 7. Great Display of High and Fancy Diving 8. Water Polo Match.

Entries close Satur(lay, J une 28th. All Races under A.S,A. Laws

Entrance Fee No. No.3. 2 s,60, 1'\os. 4, 5, &, 6, one eve ut, 2 s

Otbers 6d. each. Admiss io n 1'ic l<ets to all C'ol11petitors.

Admission 6d and IS. Reserved, 2s.6d. Children, H alf-pnce

Tickets and all particulars from the Hon. Sec., 8, Bayley Street, London, '\V.C

BtllbuIance lDenlO t1 st ratiou at borougb.

I N connection with tbe S J obn Ambulance Association, an imp ortant gathering took place in the Town Hall, o n Thur sday , May 20th.

Mr. H. Deane presided, anJ, after speaking of the g"eat usefulness of ambula.nce work, presented to 1\1r. E. Cook, in the name of the oc al classes, with a gold medallio n, in recognition of hi s ab e services as H on. Secretary. The chairman also handed to Dr. Phelps a gentleman's companion, subscribed by the team-it represent;;ld Loughborongh in the Diamond Ju b il ee Competition-as a mark of their appreciatio n o f the doctor 's tuition.

Mr. Cook then rea d the Secretary's report, \\ hich showed consistent success.

Tbe Chairman next distributed certificat(s to 17 ladiesand 44 ge ntlemen, and medallions to IO gentlemen, after which an intererting Ambulance Competition was h,ken part in by the Leicester Fire Brigade and County Police team (P.C. Wm. Ri gby, P,C. Arthur S. H ancock, Firemen Edward Smilh, Ge orge Law, and Edward Dugga n), the Mountsorrel team, and tbe Lough boro u g h P ol ice team. Surgeon Lieu t.·Col one T. L. G ent es, V.D. (North Midl and Volunt eer Infantry Brigade), wa s the examiner. Th e a ward wa s as fo ll ows :-Leice ster 10 3 marks, Loughborough 100, Mountsorrel 98. Tb e Chairman presented money pr ze s to the teams Among tb ose pre se nt were the follow ing Ambulance leaders from Leicester :-Mr.]. H. Buckley, Chief SuperiI1lendent; M r. ]. Edwin Roper, Transport Superintendent; and Mr. F. H. Turn er, non. Sec.

jfirst Bi b

K ETTER ING -Mr. Charles P olla rd IBr oad way, Kettering, writes:"I quite approve of the object Mr. Seddon h as in view, viz" to in crease the int erest and to rai se funds for ou r Kettering Ambulance Corps which is doing such a merciful and charitable wor k amongst I was on th e spot soon after tbe accident from a runaway hor se, when a lit tle girl five years old was tadl)' hurt, and two plate gla s s wind ows were smashed to atoms. I wa s at the parents' house wh e n four mem bers of th e W orking Men' s Cl u b Ambulance Corps, witb their carriage came to take the poor thing to Northampton Infirm ary, and to see how tenderly they handled her and h o w patiently th e c hild ",ent o ff with her dolly in h er a rm s was quite t oucbing and beautiful to look upo n Bu t these men were [etched from t heir w or k, and qui ckly responded to

[June, 1897.

the call of mercy, and, as I have been info r med, t h e re h ave b ee n t i mes when they have not only lost their work b u t have bad t o p ay their railway fares as well; and I feel sure M r. Editor, f yo u wer e to use your influence, the people of tbe tow n i n genera l w o ul d so s u bsc ri be as to place the committee and members of our Corps beyo n d a nd above anxiety a s to money ::J.atters. vVe cannot te ll whose turn i t may be next to requ ire their aid. Personally, I am proud of the m fo r the excellent wo rk they are doing."

PECKHAM. - On April r6th, an o l d lady slipped o n a pi ece o f ora n ge peel outside the premises of iVr r. Millwood, 160 and 162, R ye L ane Peckham. Private H. M. M ill wood, of h e St. J oh n Gate No. Division, ass isted her in side the shop, and o n careful e x ami nation found a fracture of h e radius with dislocatio n. Sp li nts, we ll padded with cotton woo l, were applied, a n d the pat e n t was aken h o m e by a friend i n a cab. Dr. Yeneken, wa i ting to express h is th a nk s for the assista n ce rendered to his pat ient, said. II The cl eve r way in which you 'put' up her arm u ndoubtedly ureve n ted furtber disp acem en and mi tigated the swelling."

W I NSFORD.- F rancis Atherton, aged 5S years, employe d at the Amalga mated W o r k s of the Salt Unio n met with a serious mishap. He was engaged repair ng a 'wagon, when the cradle, wbic h is a solid oa k frame, weighing about a couple of cwts , fell, breaking his right leg just above the ankle, and putting hi s ankle out very badly. I n response to a tel e ph on e mes sag e, Mr. Heathcot e (Superintenrlant of the Winsford Corps of the St. J () hn Ambulance Brigade) quickly arrived, and with the assistance of Privates B ode n and A Stubb s, bandaged the injured limb and conveyed th e patient to his bome at Moulton Dr. O k ell was summoned and on his advice, Atherto n was r emoved to the Victoria Infirmary at Northwich.-Abo u 1.30 p.m. o n May 7th, Superintendent Heatbc ote, and Privat es Den so n and Bo den were called to a man named I saac T o wer s, at the Salt Works, who lay suffe ring from a bad ly fra ct ured eg The ti bia and fibula of tbe right leg were both broken and the fi bu a was gone in two pl aces. Private s Denson and B ode n assisted Super intend ent Heathcote in fixing up the limbs, and conveyed the pati ent home on tbe litt er, a distance of a mile.

St. Jobn Blnbulanc e

METROPOLTTAN CORPS.

MEM BERS of the Corps were ')n duty on the occasion of the opening of the Blackwall Tunnel by H.R.H· the Prin ce of Wales, on Saturday, May 22nd. Th e total strength upon parade w as 62, including Chief Superintendent William H M organ (in charge ) rI on. Surgeons W. J. Hunt e r and J Maitl a nd, officers inlmedical c h arge, 53 offic.ers and men, a nd si x Nursing Sisters. Ten statio n s in all were formed. Twelve cases, none o f which we re of a ser ous n at ure, we r e tr eated.

PROVINCIAL CORPS.

re-examinatioll for the 2nd year's certificate from St. J ohn Ambulance Association was held on April 5tb by Dr. Scatchard, th e Hon. Surgeon of the a bove Divi s i::m Most of th e m embe rs were successful in pass ing the examination. The annu a l meeting foll ow ed, when th e following wer e elected officers for the ensuing year :-Superintendent, Rev. A. A. Newp ort; Firs t Officer, Mr. T C. Gr ay Second Officer, Mr. E. Harri s; Secretary, Mr. W H. liVilson; In sp ector of Store s, Mr. B. Ralph; Treasur er, M r. C. W. Smitb. It ha s bee n d eterm in e d that senior and junior teams be sent in for competition under he auspices of tbe Kent County Council at Maidstone in June.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GUARANTEED BY

The Ocean Accident &Guarantee Corporation,

LIMITED,

40, 4 2, & 44 , MOORGATE S 'r REE'f , LONDON, E C to whom Not ice of Claims, under the followi ng cO Il(liti ons musL lJe sellt within seven days of accillent to tile alJove alltlress.)

£100

will be pa id by th e above Corpor'atio n to the lega l r ep rese ntative of anyone who is k ill ed hy all accident to the Passe ng er Train (within the Ullite(1 Kingdom or Channel I s lallLl s), ill whi ch th e deceased was a ticket lJ ear illl{ or pay i ng passenger, Ot· who shall l1av e been fata. fly in j ut'ed therelJy (shou ld death r es ult within nin ety clays after suc h accident).

P ROVIDED that the pel'son so killed or injur e.d hac1upon his or h er per son, or had lcft at bOllle tbis tic l<et., with hi s, or eel', us ual signature, written prior Lo theaceident, on sll<Lce provided below, whi ch, LogeLIH')' with the giving of n ot ice within the time as hereinlJefore mentionecl, is the esse nc e of this contraet.

The JO\Jrf\al devoted Objects af\d the of to ,Amb\Jlaf\ce the Life Savif\g

NOTICE TO OUR READERS

present management are desir ou s of issuin g th e jo urnal to our readers on the d a te n a med for publication vi z the 27th of each pre c eding month, to du this how ever, It will be absolut ely n e ce s s a ry to go t o pr e s s pu nctually. Will our various corr e spondents therefore se nd on their copy not l a t e r than t he 20th of e a ch man th Sev er a l leadin g medic a l m e n h av e i n tim r t e d t h eir willin g ne s s to c ontri b ut e a r tic l es of inte r es t to fir s taide rs, a nd it is hop ed that th e Ci r c ul a tion o f the jo ur nal may thereb .v be lar g el y in c r eas ed. Wh a t W P, wa nt however i s mor e annu a l sub scr ib e r s. Will L oca l Sec ret a ries kin d ly h elp u s i n thi s m a nner. Fir s t- ni de r 3 una ble to obtain th e j ourn a lloo a ll y s h o ul d Ap p l y dir e ct, Sub scription f orms m ay b e ob t a ined on a pplicati on

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The Trade wil l be suppl ed by M r, F BRETT, 5, P lgr m Street , Ludgate H ll.

T ERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 1 2 months, IS. 6d , post free, to be sent to the Publishers.

\VE beg to info rm our readers that V o lum es I. and If. may n o \\' be had handsomely bound. Pri ce 5s. An early application should be m;t de to the W. J GOODE, 88, Clerk en well R oad Lendon, E C

WE h ave to offer o ur hearty cong ratulations to Co l. Sir Edward T Thackeray, the Commi ss ioner of the St John Ambu lance Brigade, on the honour of K.C.B. that bas ' been confe rr ed on him by the Q u een We feel that it is a recognitio n by the State of ambulance work and especially of the 'work done by the St. John Ambuiance Brigade, every member of which will be crrJtified that their C h ief has been selected for this Tbe success and efficiency of the Brigade h a,'e been l argely due to t he efforts of Col. Thackeray, and everybody will be p leased that his services haye be en rewarded. , 've si ncerely hope that he will now be induced to retain the pcst t h at h e 50 ably fills. ,1; *

W E t r u st that so mething' will be done to recocrnise individ u a ll y those who bore the and burden of the day, v iz., t h e officers, surgeons, n ursing sisters, and rank an d fi le . Vo lu ntary work of t.h is kind is al ways ben e fited by a li t tl e e n cOl,rage m e n t . * *

W E h ave mu c h p leasure support ing the p r oposa l to a in t h e shape of an oil painting of Her Majes t y, 111 th e N ew H all (or Clu b Room) to be built at St. J olm 's Ga t e n.R. H. t he Pr ince of , Vales has signified hi s a p p r ova l of the id ea . A n i nfluentia l Committee has t ak e n th e m a t te r in h and , a nd WP. h aye n o do u b t that it will me e t with a h ear t y res p o n se fr o m members of th e a nd,

Th e article by Dr. Cantlie, on (: First Aid" and " Advanced Aid," in la st month 's issue, is one that is well worth perusal. , Vhilst not admitting that there is such a marked difference between ,,,hat Dr. Cantlie term s "first aid" and "ad,'anced aid)" we think that hi s remarks deserve attention from teachers and judges ,Ve will devote a little spac e to the subjec t next month.

* *

An ambulance carriage is as a rule the place to get killed in but we are Sorry to say thac thi s was the case at A ston at the beginning of June. A man h ad receiv ed an accident and wa s being remo\'ed to the h osp it al , ",hen a pin gave ,yay in the causing the h01'se to kick and s mash in the joint panels of the carriage, hitting the patient on the head and killing him. Ambllian ce officers should always have the slightest defect in any carriage or litter remedied at 0nce

1R ecoll ectiolls - anb 3n cib ents of 3ubil ee ID ap.

By SCRGEO:-<S OF fIlE S T JOIIX BR[GADE.

You haye asked to gi\'e few impressions of the ambulanc e work I saw carried out in the streets of LondoD on this memorable oGcasion. The first thing that slruck me was the excellent arrangements made for the prOl incial conti ngen ts at the telllporary barracks in Clel ken well RO,ad, I can speak fro,m experience as I took up my quarters here on M onday, eHning and shared ;t cubicle with A:;sistant Commissioner 'V oo1ston. G reat cred is due to the Brigade Chief Superintendent, and Superintenpents Trimmer and Piers , of the Me tro p o litan staff, for hal'ing so thoughtfully l ooked after our comfort, and their labours were well apprecia.ted by the rank and file of the Brigade. Lik e the first night in c;tmp tbe,:e was not much sleep to be gQ.t, many of the me'1 had tra I'elled long and the nOI'elty of the positio!1, together with the exuberance 01 Sptrlts of out for a short and lI ell -earned holiday. caused a great deal of ta1kll1g and good l1;,ttured chaff By a qualter past three on Jubilee morning the men began to leave their beds and stroll into the street, only a few ?f the o ld hand s who knew what they had to go through that day, 1atd tiil five 1/clock. Breakfast o\'er, the" fall -in " sounded, and a t 6.30 BriO'ade Cbief Suoerintendent Church Brasier parade 1 all ranks in the and \\'a s s()on busily engaged in. arranging the ya riou s in th e order they were to take up ambulance stations betwee"'n the l\I ansion House and South Lon Jon to "Ye st, minster Bri dge After a well thought-out plan, \\hicb subsequently.worked with areat smoothness tbe BriO'ade Chief arranged the contlllgents accordinO' to the of theit:=' station, and ust berore marching off.

Con;;nis3ioner arriveJ ;lnd inspected the B rig;tde The Colonel seemed I'er), pleased with tbe appe.Hance of the men as well as the brae muster and it \Y;lS not till after he left that the ne\\'s leaked out , in that list of Jubilee hon ours the paid ;t nd the Brigade a \Y ell deserved honour otherWise SIr Edward r. Tha cke ray, K .C .B ., \ .C ., would baye recel\'ed a con o r.ltulatory cheer. Sh o rtly before 8 v'clock, the co lumn ot 220 officers and m en with 36 nursing sislers, marthed off the two Commissioners for 05. I [I, and 1\ '. districts at thetr h ead. The long column with the t\\'o wa gons, tll'O lilters, an? a supply of stretchers a nd aminilance m tteri.d, presented an 11l1pOsmg as they marched a ong the line of route, and in ame III a cons idera b e am()Ul1t of appla'.se from tl:e \\ho r"ld ahe:1d} taken possession of their seats. Aft er detacb1l1g cO,n tlllgents for the fi\'e stations on th e city side of London Bridg-e, the Br!g-ade through th e barrier and found L o n dun Briu ge perfectly empty wh Ich a strange sensation to a n o ld Guy's man, The Brigade was in the Borough wbere they proceeeded ,to occupy 2? to After settling 0., I I r. Into hW _

FIRST

stations, r paid a visit to myoid hospital, Guy's, which was the ?ase hospital for this part o.f the route. I found great preparations had been made, sufficIent to deal wIth any emergencr, and the staff of surgeons and on duty. were complal::ng of nothing to do, it was even tbey saId than on a mornIng. There was no great crush In tbls part of the Borough, III fact, tbere was good standing room on pavements, and the people splendidly; there were a few amongst tbe but It was not till the sun came out at II 0 clock tb a the mIlItary began to be affected. A few of the younger soldiers who had been on the march early dropped down, and some of them, suffering heat stroke, were carried off into the shade by the Volunteer MedIcal Staff Corps as well as the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The casualties were comparatively few, tbe most serious being that of a trooper in the Lancers who was kicked on the knee cap near the Gt. Dover Street Refuge; he was conveyed on a to the am,bulance. wagon at the police station yard and at once dnven to Guy s The tbirsty troops ill the procession availed themselves, dUrIng tbe ha lts of the offers of o ur men of drinks of water from the bottles and cans 'which they carried. This was part:cularly the case with some of the black troops on foot, who seemed to feel the effects of the ma r ch, but a small drink of water picked them up and pulled them together wonderfully. After the procession had passed, the Borough contingents remained at their stations until nearly 4 o'clock, when they were collected and marched home by the sa me route they came. The Brivade were then served with their dinners, and after a rest, a large went on duty for the illuminati o ns. It is needless to say. that all was quiet in the dormitories at the temporary barracks that 111ght, a nd botb officers and men slept well. After an early breakfast the prov in cials began to d e part for their homes, all carrying away a pleasing recollection o f the way they h a d been received and attended to by the hard-worked permanent officials at Head Quarters, and. a feeling of pride that it h c..d been their privilege to take a small part 111 the great Diamond Jubilee of 1897.-G. S. ELLISTON, Deputy Commissioner l\' o. I I r. District.

THE equipment and material provided by the St. Johu Ambulance Brigade on the occasion of the Diamond ] ubilee was by far the most pre tentious and complete that has e\'er been attempted. For several months the authorities a t the Gate have been engaged in elaborating and systematising their available resources. The experience gained on previous public celebrations has given precision and exactness to the work of o rganisation, and the result was the magnifi cent array of material and ambulance equipment which was to hand. The bearers of the Brigade have to be brought together from East and West, and North and South They do not dwell in barracks to be called tog ether at the sound of a bugle, as are the military, nor are they enlisted for service; but without pressure or payment they assemble together to render voluntary and skilled aid under which are in many cases, to say the least of it, trying. The public, however, know their worth, a nd the uniform, now so familiar in London, commands respect even in a crowd clamouring for place; 40 surgeons, 102 nursing sisters, and 700 men with 14 li ters and 7 ambulance wagons, were distributed over 9 5 stations and various sub-iOtations along the line of route. Commissioners and deputy commissioners, superintendents, and staff generally were ubiquitous and went from station to station, organis ing and encouraging the bearers in their arduous duties. It is only those who have attempted to organise and handle an enormous undertaking of the kind who can appreciate the smooth working of such a herculean task in detail means. To Chief Superintendmt Bra sier and Superintendent Morgan the lion's share of the work fell, and to them the Brigade ought to be thanKful. It may be safely stated that, never on any occasion of public rejoicing were accidents fewer than on Diamond Jubilee Day No death is recorded, a nd on enquiry, at Cbaring Cross H ospi tal-usually the most Ii berally supplied with accidents on public processions-fewer accidents were treated than on any ordinary day, when no celebration is in force. The cases treated numbered during the 24 hours between 6 a.m. June 22nd and 6 a.m. on June 23rd, 1897, by theSt. John Ambulance Brigade were a.bout In hundreds of cases a stretch on the flat, loosening of clothIng, a smell of ammonia, or a mouthful of water brought the patIent to, and brought the relief necessary; whilst a few cut heads, a.crushed finger or two, bruise of body or limb, sum up the surgical

At Hyde Corner and at Trafalgar Square, In front of St MartIn s Church, the crowd seem to have been m o re den se than elsewbere and a proportionately large number of" sq ueezed" people had to be attended to. The conarising from be.ing in a crowd s peculiar and apart. There need be no faIntness, In fact, tbe patient instead of beina pale fai nt, has a face, red and flushed' for the most out

In severe cases tinged WIth a purple hue. The skin is moist, the pulse soft, tbe h J nd tremulolls, and the mental condition is best expresscd by "dazed." There need be unconsciousne ss , the patient being quite able to obey what he or she IS told to do, but does so in a mechanical so:t of way. In several cases a slight, but marked, epileptiform seIzure supervened, and lasted for a few seconds, or a few minutes.

AID. [July, 1897.

The whole condition points rather to the effects of d ir ect pressure over the heart than to want of air by compression of the lungs. Adangerous state if prolonged or excessive, but capable of re co very, when, as was the case on ] ubilee D ay, but of short duratIOn. of th e St. ] ohn Ambulance wagons had to call at the of the l' Irst Lor.d of the Treasury in Downing Street, to fetch a. p at lent--:a woman 111 a su ccess ion of faints-and take her to the raIlway sta Llon, Although the patient was in a fainting condition for I} hours, Miss Balfour never left her sid=,. and placed the dIsposal ?f the. St. John Ambulance men everythll1g that the Fir st Lord s offiCIal reSIdence could supply. The Gate authorities have every reason to b e proud of the work done by the Brigade on June 22nd , 1897.-]AMES CANTLIE, M.B., F.R.C.S.

THE arran (Yemen ts which were made and car ried out by the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade on the occasion of t.he ] ubilee procession .struc.k one, who has limited experience of fi:st aId work on such .a.glgantlc scal e, as being highly effective A hIghly commendable Splflt of cooperation seems to exist between the officers and the polI ce and military authorities. The appreCIatIve of the crowd for services rendered was very apparent and gratlfymg, and one could not help feelina that the work was bein a done by those whose were in the work and who were most qualifi ed to render first aid efficient'ly. The St. John Ambulance may well late itself on the day's wor k, and no one wIll deny that, but for timely aiel, ac c idents would bee n more frequent and more senous. One must h o pe that other CItIes and large to\\'ns WIll follow the example shown by London of having .the ambulance arrangeI?e?ts on the o ccas ion of lara e crowds placed m the hands of an aSSOCIat Ion so competent to carry them out as the St. John's. I should lik e here to express my thanks for the kindness and courtesy shown by the St John Ambulance officials to me as a representative of the St. Andrew's Ambulan ce Association. - CHARLES A. STURROCK, M.A., M.B., F.R.O.S.E iV10NDAY was an exciting day with us. Some of the men h ad to be up at 5 o'clock and drive off six to g:et tbeir unifor.m, which had been stupidly se nt on by luggage dunr:g precedmg week, and which co nsequently had been perIlously detamed m the congested traffic. After assortina and airing their clothes and bidding adieux, the four men and myself drove together to Swansea Stat!on through mis.t and rain for the 10.50 train viii Gloucester. EverythIng went well tIll we neared Paddington, where the Royal train from Slough had somewhat impedej the afternoon inru s h from the great West. We were met at the st:1.tion by the military authorities in waiting for Provincial Volunteers, and passe d on by Metropolitan to our arrival at the temporary barracks we were cord Ially receIved by Bngad e Chief Superintendent Brasier, who showed us every attention and set the rr.en to their supper and at their ease till next morning. The night was a turbulent one from the continuous arrival of late detachment s, that there was little or no oppo rtunity for sleep, and the men welcomed the dawn to be out of the hubbub and witness the early arr ival s along the London streets. The Tuesday opened out auspiciously for us. We were soon informed that stat ion 55, King Willi am Street Statue, wa s allotted to us, conjointly with the R amsgate cont ing ent und er Supt. Matthew, and that I should be with my own men,and the stations between the Man s ion H o use and L o ndon Bridge. Thus it came to pass that the e1.sterlyand westerly divisions of the kingdom present, viz., from the North Foreland and the Mumbles Head, were brought together and stationed at the m os t easterly bend of the six mile route. VVhen we filed into position about 9 o'clock we realised its importance as a po ssible haven of refuge to some of the thousands near at hand. The 3rd II ussars and the police kept a clear and open space for u s nround the Statue, and nearly opposite at the top of Cannon Street was an accessible water post. The four adjoining stations along King Willi a m Street were well placed for service, but mostly with limited space, and I had for inter-communi cat ion and mutual assistance when reqUIred. The seethina mass behind us in Gracechurch Street and Eastcheap was being steadilyaugmented from the north and the east, till every now and aga in a forward dislodged police and cavalry at the risk of ribs and limbs. Things thus far were clearly quiet, and our two st ret c her squads and four nurse s had little else to do than look about them and adm ire the wonderfullyperft> cta rrangements o n all sides-cavalry and infantry, poli ce and ambulance, firemen and liverymen for the success of this great Jubilee occasion, No sooner, however, had noon approached, and the procession known to be en route) than the sun shone fiercely, and the collateral crow ds craned tbeir necks and squared their elbows This, with the back pu shing of police and hor ses, was a signal for work, and out of the east-end confluence of beings carne one after another exhausted, pa r boiled, or compressed. So long were the police carrying in the sick, and s ) occupied were our bearers and nurses attending to them, th at much o f the pageantry was proceeding on its way whilst these faithful ones were engrossed in their s u ccess ful efforts to relieve the fallen, As many as 30 helpless subjects might be see n lyin g on the ground at one and the same time in the shade of the sta tue; and although some 80 patients in all were attended to by u s it became impo ssib leto keep pace with them and take the names and addresses of more than half the number who actually succumbed in h ea d or heart. Most of the

july, 1897.J

FIRST

victims were suffer ing from over-fatigue, over-excitem ent, and overpressure, and none so hopeless as not to respond to rest and air and i but that ,sun's rays were to a great extent responsible for tbls WIdespread faIntIng was s bown by some of the soldiers and policemen who were exposed and at rest, falling out and feeling queer One of our Ramsg<lte me? ill when duty wns done, and bad to depart home In the evenIng; It has been reported tha t he has si nce succumbed-a brave soldier in a good cn u se We had to send aw ay only case to ho s pital, that of a violent epileptic soldier, all the others havll1g recovered a nd been restored to their frie nd s before we left the .station. Nurses and men worked splendidly, and the soldiery and polIce rendered valuable help, and when we moved off on our return journey to Clerk en well the populace cheered us to the echo in grateful recognition of our services. We reported ourselves at Head-Quarters amongst the earliest arrivals,and were able to show the record sheet of the day. One incident beyond all others must be recorded. As the Royal portion of the pro cess ion wended by the ex citement bet::ame in.tense, and when the cry of " She's com ing " and" The Queen" rang wIldly along. the crowd It acted as an electric shock to the apparently dea.d and dYIng, and one by one they lifted their heads, some resting on tbel: elbows hands, some leaning agair.st the statue, and others gettIng bolt upnght, to catch a glimpse of their Queen for whom they had .waited and suffered through weary h ours To some the Queen's pass ll1g had been as a Saviour restoring them to life, and they gatbered up themsel ves and walked; whereas to othersi t had been but a tern porary good , and wben lIer Majesty's carriage was gone th ey collapsed once more, an.d became of all save tlIeir own inanition. During the evenmg and untd daylIght next morning some of u s out of the sa me detachments did patrol duty between the stations extending from the Royal Exchange t o St. Paul's, and at night as by day we had a repetition of faints, which cou ld not certainly be attributed to sunstroke but for wh ch injudi ciou s clothing and feeding and drinking ch iefly accountab le. On the Wedne sday afternoon we witnessed a few more cases in front of Buckingham a nd afterwards paid a visit outsid e Covent Garden The:l.tre, before taking final leaye of St. J o hn's Gale and it s courteo us staff, feeling full of pleasing lifel ong reminiscences and that we had something attempted and something don e.-A. LLOY D

JONES, Hon. Surgeon, Oystermouth Division.

OWING to the stringent, but n eve rthel ess excellent arrangements, there was but little risk d injury. From a spectacular point of vIew our position at St. Paul's left nothing to be desired, but from the ambu lance sta nd point perhaps ours was the least desirable. The vivid scene can never fade fr o m the cerebral photographic plate There were but five cases treated, two of which were soldiers on duty, one of Lhese was from Mauritius. It turned o ut to be more amusing than serious The man's name is Xavier Constad, 25, I think a mulatto. He was brought in by two policemen. He was doubled up, and appeared to be in pJin, he could speak but very littl e English, all he could s:ty was "pain," and placed his hand on his stomac h. Hi s appea rance (which was quite natural, how ever ), was enough to make one think that he was su ffering from cyanosis, his pul se was quick and rat her weak. Altogether hi s case looked alarming. 1 happened to remember that his island wa s formerly called the" Isle of France," I said to him in French" I s upp ose you can speak French?" I shall never forge the c hange, the bright change, which like a flash of lightning cctme over his face. His eyes sparkled, and his face showed the greatest delight, and his tongue was imm ediately set to work at a rapid rate . H e told me that he had had a long mctrch, and that he had been standing at his post for severa and that for some hours he had been wanting to attend to on e of nature's ca lls , which however in a little time was reliev ed. I then said" You are n ot really ill at all," "NJ sir, I was never better in a ll my life! " wa s his reply Surely a kn0wledge of French was of great serv ice to me on that occasion! What I wi sh to write about is this. The crowd at the entrance to Old Bailey was very great, and packed as tight as sardines in a tin. To have to push one's way, very slowly indeed, through a c rowd, however good-natu red and cheerful, on such a blazing hot day, is trying in the extreme and not only so, but precious minutes are needlessly wa sted. My suggestion, and I mak e it with much boldness, is that a mounted polic'! man shoul<.l be stationed wherever a st:rgeon is stationed, so that the former may precede to make way for tbe latter when he is called upon to go to a case of sickness or an accident. -].

GIDLEY MOORE, i\l.R.C.P

HAVING been asked by the Editor to record some of my impressions of ambulance work on Jubilee Day I do so more readily becaw,e they are, without exception, pleasant ones. No single instance of obstruction or in c ivility on the part of either police or people came under my notice; indeed, everybody seemed anxious to do all that lay in their power to help us in ollr work. \Ve were a little late in starting fr om St. John's Gate but arr ved at our destination (Waterloo Place) in pr e tty good time, having been a.ble to march up the Stra nd and along the line of route without any difficulty. Lo sing no time in getting into position we soo n had our arrangements completed and were ready for anything that might turn up. The morning was cool and overcast, and for a

'

AID

time we found our duties very light. Just as the procession got under way howeyer, the sun came out, an? a. few cases of fainting were sent In for treatment. Our pnnclpal statIOn was just behind the Cnmea Monument, round the base of which a stand had been erected for the accommodation of Crimean veterans who seemed much touched by the and not a l.ittle delightc'd to have the opportunity ?f salutll1g thel: beloved SovereIgn once more. They took a great interest m our proceedmgs, one of them remark ing to me with a wistful air:

" We were n:Jt so well looked after in the Crimea, doctor." Our sincere are due to the many people who offered us th eir help. The occupIer of 17, ·Waterloo Place was specially kind, and sent out a to the effect that the ground floor of his premises was quite at dIsposal for the shelter of patients. After the procession had passed Vlsc?unt Knutsford came up to. see how we were getting on, and that we were about to shIft our position to St. James's Park, plckmg up a bearer company on the way, he very kindly accompanied us for the purpose of passing us through the barrier which had reen erected at the top of the ste ps leading to the Duke of York's Column. In St. James's Park the military were our chief patients and we had a good many cases of fainting and heat stroke. These were arranged under the trees, and they expressed themselves most grateful for the shade and cool breezes. Our tents were really far too hot for tbe acc')mmodation of such cases. Altogether, without counting- th ose very numerous cases whi ch merely required water and rest, we treated twentyfour patients, all, with only one ex ce p tion, suffering from heat-st roke or fain ti ng. The wont case of heat-stroke was a colour-sergeant of the Singapore Roya Engineers, whose condition gave some anxiety at first, but who managed, bad as he was, to rally sufficiently to state his ol)jection to brandy as a Mus sulman. Sal volatile was the drug required a ll day. In conclusion , let me say that I consider the loyal and kind co-operation of the police and of the crowd (surely such a good tempered happy crowd was never seen befoTe) merits our grateful re cogn ition, and I cannot help but think tbat we were to some extent indebted to the uniform for it. Tquestion very much whether the people would have yielded place to a man distinguished only by an arm badge which they could not see in the press, and I do not think his mere statement that he was an ambulance officer wo uld have availed him much. In small provincial towns, where the hon. surgeon would probably be personally known to a large proportion of the pe ople, it might be possible to ge on without uniform, but in London I think itisessential, and the people seem to know it well and to re spect it.-F. L. POCHIN, M.B.) C.M., Hon. Surgeon South Metropolitan Gas Co., No. Division, M etro polita n Corps.

My own principal station on ] ubilee Day was at Bouverie Street. Neither there nor at our other stations, Shoe Lane or Fette r Lane, were there any cases of importance. All .were slight faints on<: of peti.t mal. Another somewhat a surfeIt of shnmp sandwiches and ice cream complIcated by tIght acmg. The great feature of the day was the kindly of the police. I.n the in PicC<1.dilly where we were statIOned there were more famts than dunng the day. The lessons taught by the day to my minci were the on all such occasions of a plentiful water supply, and of all men bel11g supplied with plenty of sal volatile. With regard to individuals it cannot be too stron<rly urg ed the necessity of thoro ughly leatning to distingui sh the forms of insen si bi lity.- TOM R. TAYLOR, M. D. BRIGADE CHIEF SUPERINTE TDE NT INTERVIEWED. A representative from .this Journal the J?rigade .?hief Superintend ent who was 111 of the contIngent. The men have beh:lVed sp lendIdly, saId Mr. BrasIer; of course, on theIr fi:st night in quarters it was hardly to be expected that they would be.qulte as quiet as the hard-wo r ked members of my staff have WIshed. The novelty of their surroundings, the heat eXCItement, many of them awake, with the result that they practIcally s ucceeded 111 ina out the whole continaent at about 3.30a.m. on Tuesd ay mornl11g. "What did they tbink of their r.eception. in London," was the next question. Well," said Mr. Bra s.ler, " I you .cou ld have heard their views. The whole of the provll1 cla ls bell1g practIcally strangers to L cndon -many of them were visiting it for the first e ma.rched to their stations and po sted en rOIl/O. The cheers wltb whI ch they wel:e received along the wb ole line will never, I believe, be effacer! from memory and wIll undoubtedly do much to promote a better feelmg between'l:.ondon and the Provinces as regards ambulance work, added to which, the kindness t hat they received at the hands of theIr comrades was even beyond what they had expected, and they are loud 10 their of Supts Trimmer) Piers, and staff." "1 u.,dersiJ.nd y ou to say, Mr. Brasier," said our " That ul:uny of men had not been in Lond on before. DId you find any dIfficulty \\ Ith them? " "Kone whatever," wa s the reply, "they were good ambulance men, and had come out to do ambulance duty! an.d wh en so en.gaged the crush and crowd around tbem lost whIl e 111 the of their duty." "The I paId expenses, wa s the next question .• , Yes, as regards the bIllets and. ratIOns, It must not be forgotten that both officers and men paId theIr own raIlway expenses (ContinI/e el (m pag e 196).

issu; is late 011 account of dle difficulty in getting in full particulats about Jubilee Day.

FIRST AID

JULY 1, 1897.

The day for the celebration of the THE DrAl\IO),TD completion of the sixtieth year of the l'eign of Our Gracious So\'ereign is 11O"W , , a matter of histoTY, and v{e ought :be extremely thankful that there were so few accidents and Bot one fat a l case. That thi s bill of casualties shou ld be so trifling seems to us to be due to three causes : fir stly, the arr a ngements made by the Police and the Ambulance Brig ade; econdly, th e y\- eather; and thirdly, the crowd itself.

The Jrrangements made by the p olice and the ambulance authorities were admirable and deserye the highest praist:, inasmuch as this is the first occasion on which the precautions taken were met with such great success. Special steps were taken to prevent sections of the crowd rushing from one part of the route to another. This is a fruitful source of accidents and very often the reason why many people get crushed. The prov iding of in order that water could be obtained was doubtless the means of saving many from requiring the services of the Brigade' That no stands collapsed points to the great care exercised in o\-erlooking their erection, fOT never before have such large and costly stands' been put up in this city_ The ani.bulance arrangements were greatly to be commended-small stations, and plenty of them, a:t frequent itltervals with an ample supp ly of water gave that speedy is so necessary in cases of fainting.

The weather is an impo'rtant factor on occasions of this kind, for notwithstanding all precautions that may be taken, a hot summer's day is bound to cause many persons to faint. Fortunately it was dull in the early morning, the sun not coming out until nearly mid-day, and the air was cool and refreshing. The after part of the day ,vas hot, but by that time the procession was over and there was plenty of room to mo\'e about. The shade caused by the trees in the Parks was very grateful and proved exceedingly useful to those detachments of the Brigade who were stationed in their yicinity.

The crowd along the route was not by any means so large as had been expected. Although the number of people present was enormous, and there was probably a greater concourse than London had ever seen before, still there was room for many thousands more. We now know in Pall Mail, the Borough, 'and '\V estn11nster Bndge Road, the spectators were only three or four deep, showing that there " Tas no particular crowding or crushing, and showing also that the daily papers had succeeded most effectually in frightening of thousands away, and thus pr,eYenting them from seemg a grand procession. The behaviour of tbat mass people was superb, there was no jarring element of there one person to say a word or to 1'alse a band Qlleen . ..

As a spectacular display of the un1ll111ted resources of this great Empire, aud as an exhibition of sa mples of troops from all our Colonies, and of Princes that acknowledge our Queen as their HEad, it was one that will be by <;ill those who were privileged to It, provll1g, If such proof be needful, th e affection that bmds the Queen a'nd Empress to her-people.

AID. [July, 1897.

RECOLLEOTIONS AND INOIDENTt; OF JUBILEE D AY (

Cont inuecl.)

up, and many of them lost two .ray, one in coming ol;e in r eturninO' in order to come and asslst 111 the streets of London. Do not look for some re co mpense," asked our representative.

" No, decidedly not," was the prompt reply," the men cheerfully te ered for t he duty, and we co uld have had many I?or e, had we reqU ire d thtm At the same time ," said i\1r. Brasier, "I certall1ly should have liked to have seen the volun tary service rendered by the Ambulance Brigade, both metropolitan and provincial, more fully recognised by those in authority all the other services have been to and warmly eulo.O'ised and so they deserved to be, but I thmk that a wo rd miu-ht hdve been said in our favour." "vVhat! have your Brigade no recoO'nition ?" "Well, ye s," said i\lr. Brasier, "They lnve undoubtedly re ce ived one great mark of Her Majesty's favour in he honour of a K.C.B. conferred on our Commissioner, Col. Thacker.,y Thi s is an honour that every man takes a personal pr ide in, for the Colonel earned. the a,l,ld" of every o ffi ce r, man, and sister 111 the "Ill your members receive t he Jubdee medal , Mr. BraSier? r note they wo rk und er the auspices o f the po lice?" II Well," wa s the guarded reply , " I sh o uld rather n ot discuss this question, they certainly earned perso na for, al though the cases. were trivial, w.er e there if more serious ones had occurred, and It must be borne 111 m111d that even the ordll1ary faint invariably requires both time and patience. Is there anything else 'you would like. to say," said .our r.epresentative.

"

IiV ell," said:vIr. BraSier, " I should ltke to express 111 pnnt ou r thank s to the War Office authorities, the Military Equipment Company, Mr. Lanadon, Chief Electrical Engineer of the Midland Railway Company; Mr. "'Pitkin, Electrical Engineer, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Messrs. T. Dewar & Son, Bovril Company Limited, Grover Hum phreys, Esq, Messrs. F. Cl::ambers & Son, and o:t her.s for kindly loa ning us stores, &c., to add to the comfort of our temporary barracks, the hire or purchase of which. would have involved a expense; and lastly, please mentlOn on behalf of the BriO'ade as a whole how much we are indebted to th e po li ce, both City i\Ietropolitan, fo r .the kin dly way in whi ch they assisted us in the dIsch a rge of our duties. It proved how great the bond is which exists between the sister civilian servi ces."

$ ,t.30bn lDiamonb 3ubilee !iDelllorial

A Committee has been formed for the purpose of presenting a lifesized o il painting of Her Majesty to be placed in the New Hall (or Club Room) to be built a t St. John's Ga t e.

All those connected with the St. John Ambulance Association, the Member s of the Brigade, and the Ladie s of the Nursing Division are invited to contribute towards the memorial.

The Committee consists of Vi sco unt Knutsford, G.C.l\I.G., Commissioner and Deputy Commissioners of Brigade, Sir Wm l\l acCormac, Sir Her be rt Perrott, Bart., Sir Alfred Jephson, R. B. D Acland, .l:.sq., Sir Vincent Kennett Barrington, IYm. C ollingridge, M.D., Sir Dy ce Du ck wort h, Sir Jam es DiCK, M.D. R.N , Edwin Fre shfield, Esq ., L.L.r;., Sir Andrew Fairbain, J o hn Furley, Esq" Heaton C, Howard L.R.C.P. Lond., H. A. IIamilton Ho are, Esq., Major Heygate Lamb e rt , R. M. MacLean, E sq. , Col. vVyn d ham l\'l urray, M.P. General Astley Terry, and a number of others Communicati ons to be addre sse d to the H o n. Secs,) St John Diamond Jubilee Memorial, s+, Gray' s Inn Road, W,C.

VISCOUNT K.'I UTSFORD AT T OYNB:8E HALL.-On Tuesday, Jun e 15th, T oy n bee Hall was en fete on the occasion of the visit o f Lord Knutsford to ad-Jress the vanou!:! ambulance students attached to tha t institution. The picturesque quadrangle surrounded by red brick buildings with quaint gable porches was illu minated by co loured fairy lamps. Canon a nd 1\1rs. Barnett welcomed the guests, and instrumental mu sic was pr ov ided by the Viking Orchestra, under th e d Irection of Mr. D. Reed, yocal mu c wa s rend e red in ex c ellent s tyle in the openair by Misses Leman, Barnell, and Ames, :vIe ss rs La zard, Carwy, and Gellett. An imaginary accident was treated by a sq uad from the T oynbee IJall divi s ion, cO l1si sti n g Priv ates IIutchins, and R ose, under the directi o n of Supt. Wll1ny, aSSisted by Sergt. C ole man. Refres hm e nt s were se rved in the qlladrangle, and Lord Knutsford aft er explaining that Lady Knut sford was prevented by ill-health from be in g present, distributed Nursing Certificates to women, and addres se d the 200 students present on the value of ambulance work, and especia lly of k ceping effici e nt in their work.

Canon Barnett, Mrs. Barn ell, Dr. Shuttleworth, and Supl. Winny also -

July, 1897.J FIRST

lPortrait (Baller!?

T. R. D EWAR, ES Q SHERIFF-Eu:CT FOR THE CITY OF LO;\DON.

AID. 197

3ubil ee IDa\2.

.

R T. R. DI1J,\VAR 'S por trait will, ,Ye are sure, receive a hearty welcome on its appearance in our Portrait Gallery this month, especially when it is borne in mind that it is du e t o this gentleman's generosity that the St. John Ambulance Brigade now possesses the ·handsome Challenge Shield which was won by the St. J ol111's Gate No. I Divi sion, on May 6th la st. Mr. Dewar , who is a managing director in the celeb rated firm of. Messrs. J ohn Dewar & Son s , Perth, was born in that City in th e yea r 1862. He was educated, first ly in the t own of his birth, and subsequently at Edin burgh. He came to London about ten years ago with the object of pushing forward the bu siness of his firm, and it is on ly doing him bare justice when we !:>ay that his genial person a lity and courtesy have undoubtedly wo n for him, both in the commercial as well as in the social world, a ho st of friends, who entertain for him a very warm feeling of regard. He i s a keen sport sman and has lat ely purchased some of the best racing bloo d, but while he has a thorough lov e of the turf from a sportsman's view he ha s never made a bet. Mr. D ewar is also the owner of the " R ocke t " coach, which run s between London and E5her, and those who know, say a box seat next to the genial owner, when he handles the ribbons, is undoubt ed ly a genuine treat. The news tha t Mr. Dewar has been elected to the Shrieva lty of the City of London for the ensuing has given the grea test satisfaction to the citizens at larg e Upright (l nd thorough in all his actions, he will, we are sure, honourab ly uphold the tradition s of the ancient office to which he has ju st b ee n elected. That he may long b e spared to help forward the ambulance movement in which he takes so much interest, and that his yea r of office m ay be a very h appy one, are wishes that will, ,ve are s ur e, be echoed by all our readers.

The portrait of Mr. Dewar was kindly placed at our disposa l by the proprietors of the Cdy Pr es s.

SIGNOR GUI;.ITINI, of 36, B owling Green L a ne, E.C., has placed on the market a ca pital plast er pl aq ue, entitled" The Ambulance at IY or k. "

The work is well executed and may be had in either terra cotta shade or bronzed. Fra med in cr im so n plush it make s a hand som e wa ll decoration, and may 1::e had o f the Supt. of Stores, ;\letro politan Corps, St. John 's Gate, Clerkenwell, o r direct from Signor Guintini. The price, five shillings each, is well within the rea ch o f all ambulance helpers.

MESSRS. CRI SP & CO. AND THE P ROVfNCIAL QUARTERs .-Th e arrang,i ng fitting up the officers' cubicles and mess rooms for be prov in cial contingents \\' as placed in the h ands of Mes srs Cri sp & Co., Seven Sisters' Road, Holloway , and wa s carr ed out in a way that reflec ed the greatest possible credit upon Lhis firm. Not only the IIead Quarter's Staff b u t the I' prov in c a s II are unanimolls th ;tt the filli ng , furnishing, anj work genera lly wa s far abo \'e the ave rag e, and we tru st that Me ssrs Crisp and Co. may see th e ir way to still further cn ter for thi s class of work; tbere is a large scope [or it, espel.:ially in co nn ectio n with t.he an nu a tournaments, and ot her mee t ings held in Lo ndon. We do not know whether this was the first occasion thnt Messrs. Crisp & Co. had und ertaken a contract of this character, but If so it reflects the greatest possible credit up on the members of their staff who carried it o u t.

MTHE work on th.is day was undertaken hy the St. John Ambulance Bngade, the M ed cal Staff Corps, the Volunteer .\l edical S taff Corps, and Brigade Bea rer Companies.

Th e a rran gements of the St. John Ambulance BriO'ade were carried out by Col. Bowdler, the Deputy Commissioner of 1 District the Brigade Chief Superintendent, and Chief Superimendenc .\[orO'aL.' In co njun ction witb the '\[etropolitan and City Police, 95 were made along the line of rO:.lte, 22 of which were in the City At 6,30 a .m. all the members of the Brigade paraded at St. John's Gate and were in spected by the Commissioner Col. Sir E. T. Thackeray, K.C. B , V.C., and then marched to their respective stations The muster on parade cc.nsisted of Deputy Commissioners Col. Bowdler Ylaj or Trimb!e, Stuart and Brigade Surgeon El ltston i Assl'Hant CommISSIOne rs Derham .\l ilburn \Voolst on' Staff Officers, Br igade ChiefSuperin tenden: and Chief ;\l,organ, Surgeons, q,6 Orficers, 103 Xursing Sisters, 593 men, With 16 htt ers, and 7 wagons. 3-+9 officers and men came from the pro\'inces, and had been placed in temporary barracks in a warehouse in the Clerkenwell Road, kindly lent by Gro\'er Humphreys, Esq The weather 111 the mornlllg was overcast and somewhat cool, wbich in a. meas u re accounted for the compJ.r1.tively snull number of cases, and the crowd along the route was not n e.arly so great as had bee.l a.nticipated, The fo ll owing is a st of the cJ.ses thl.t were attended to:5 dislocation,6 sprain,;, IS contusions, 17 wounds, 1,353 falllts, 16 eptl.epsy, 14 sunstroke? 1 crushed foct, 7 hysteria, internal cramp, foreign bo.:!y 111 eye, 2 ll1terni:d h oe morrhJ.ge making a granJ total of 1,-+39 cases

Th e Brigade was enthusiastically recei\ed by the pllbltc all alona the route showing that the sen ces lendered by its membels thoroughly appreciated

For night work on the 150 officers and men went on duty, and attended :;9 cas.es, consisting of +8 faints, 2 hysteria, -+ epilepsy, 1 burst vancose vem, collapse, I fracture, dislocation, and woun d of head For night duty on tbe 23rd, +0 officers and men yolunteered and attended to 35 faints, and contusion.

The duties of the .\l edil.:al Staff Corps , the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, and Brigade Bearer Companies, ."ere primarily to attend to the military,

The Volunteer .\Iedical Staff Corps paraded at 6.30 a.m" at the head quarters, Calthorpe Street, Gray's Inn Road, \\ irh the follO\yinO' staff: - Surgeon Lieut.-Col. .\. T Xort on , Y.D., in Surgeon-'\Iajor Squire, V,D., Adjutant Surgeon-Captain Ra\\,nsley, A .\l.S ., Surgeon -C aptains .\Iatthews, D odd, Sims \\'oo Jhead , anJ Buss. Th ere were present +30 men from L 'Jndoll, and 100 from the pro\·inces. They had charge of 72 stations) and attended to in all +17 cases) non e of a ser ous nature.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPO:\'DENTS.

J, A. HARRI SO -IVe are sorry we have not room this month for what you kindly promised

CRYSTAL PALACE FETE.-IYe regret very much that in the report of tbis fete in our last issue an unaccountable and important o mission was made, I t ought to have been stated that amongst those present were the Righ t Hon, Viscount Knut sford, G.C.:\1.G Director of the Ambul ance Department, and the \ Tiscountess Knutsford, and also Sir Vincent Ken nett-Barrington, Deputy-Chairman of the St. John Ambulance Association. I-iscount Knutsford seconded the yote of thanks that was passed to H,R.H. the Princess Christian.

FIRE BRI GADE REVIE\\' BY THE AT II'IC\fD SOR.-On Friday, June 25th, a detachment of the- .\le tropolitan Corps under BriO'ade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier and Chief Superintendent i\I org-an, attended the rel'iell' of the Xational Fire Union at Winds or. The detachment also took down a pall" horse ambulance wagon, and a hospital tent, and full equipment. The laUer was placed in charge of the nursing sisters, under the command of Lady Superintendent Church Brasier. During the day about se\'en cases o f a sl ight nature were treated. The deta chment marched p::tst \l ith the firemen at the insp ec tion by His Grace the Duke of '\l a rlborough and was recei\'ed by the large a sse mbled With entbusi::tstic applause. H er .\\;1Jesty the Queen after\\'ards dro\"e the lin es of firemen, enO'ines, &c ;n he r carriage, and before lea\'lng was graciou5Jy pleased"'to express to His Grace Duke of borough he r appreciation of all she had seen. Dunng the d,ay HIS Gra ce the Duke of ;\larl borough, who was accompanIed by Sir Eyre Massey Sh aw and l\1iss Shaw, visited the hospital tent and expressed in warm term s their appreciation of th e arrangempnls n1:J.ue by the St. J o hn Ambulance Brigade.

F I R __

'ij:be 2Life $a\)ing $ociet\?

A MEETING of the Central Executive was held this Thursday evening at the offices, 8, Bayley Street, London, VV C After the minutes of the previous meeting had been and. confirmed the Hon. Treasurer, 1\1r. E. V Salaman, submitted hIS acc?unts, and stated that wa s about to leave for Africa and nomlilated Mr. IV. Bufton Norris to act in his absence, and that gentleman having consented the meeting approved . A amount of correspondence was submitted, tbe most encourag-1I1g be1l1g that from Swedel1 Belgium, Australia a?d Zealand, in the latter with regard to the formation of a Bralich In Chnstchurch, &c. It the tive areat sa ti sfaction to learn that H.R H the Duke of York, Pres!dent of Society, had signified his intention to be present at the Jubilee Gala in the West India Docks on July 3rd, when competitors from Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Belgium and Germany, as well as the best swimmers at home would compete, and 111 order to. meet the convenience of the President it was decided to start at 3 p.m. mstead of 4 p.m as already announced Examinations for .the and Certificates of the Society \Vere confirmed, totallmg 132 Candida t es from Brighton Grammar School, Templemore, Belfast, Manchester Police St. Patrick's S.C., Camberwell L.S.C., Batley L.S.C , Sunderland s'.e. and Y.M.C .A., 18 o f this number being ladies. The Han Sec announced that over 600 copies of the new IIandbook had issued during this month. The following were elected to membership: Darwen S.C., Maryland Point Boy's Schoo l, Colchester S.C., Ulster Branch I.A.S.A., St. Mark 's College, Northampton Institute (London) S C'. F. Archer, Esq., Glasgow, was elected a Life Member and numerous dona ions were acknowledged in the usual way. The formation of a branch for Scotland was considered and unanimously granted. The officials for the Jubilee Gala having been appointed the meeting closed THE MANCHESTER BRANCH.

Good work ha s been done this season by the Manchester Branch of the Life Saving Society by a series of and at the vari o us Baths &c. in Manchester and Dl st nct. and efforts are bemg put forth to spread the knowledge of Life Saving among both also to induce the remaining Clubs in the distri ct to teach the subject and form Classes of Instruction and promo te Lectures and Displays. The Manchester B ra nch at present consists of 2I Clubs, but it is hoped before 10nO' to have many more of these on the membership roll. The Baths h3.ve kindly granted the free use of all the M:lI1chester Bath s, thus prov iding a Rood opportunity for free tuition, and many have availed themselves of the privilege. The .first public display t oo k place at Newton Heaths on l\1ay 13th, CounCillor W. T. Rothwell, J P presiding. The Exhibition of Life Saving was provided by members of the City Police S.C., Mes srs B.P.C.B Vernon, B.P.C.J. Fitzpatrict, B.P.C. J. Aynes, B P.C. W. H. Leggett, who gave a very good display of Release and Re sc ue Drill on land and also in the wat er, they also introduced Dr. Silvester's method of resuscitation of the apparently drowned, under the conductorship of Sergt. John A Hough. This was followed by an excellent exhibition of ornamental swimming by Madame Rosenberg. Four lady members of the Heywood Grundy Swimming Club, under the conductorship of Mr. J. D. Henderson, gave a very clever exhibition of life-saving and were heartily applauded the team consisted of Miss B. Henderson, Miss M Ro se, M. Fletcher and Miss B. Lister. Mr. R. A. Crawshaw, the holder of the National Shield of England, greatly assisted the success of the display hy a n exhibition of back and breast stroke swimming. A very pleasant evening was brought to a close by an exhibition race and polo match between Osborne and ewton Clubs. The team race resulting in a win for O sbo rne and the polo in a draw ot 2 goals each. Thf second of the series was held at Op e1l5 haw Baths on May 17th, Councillor Taylor, of Openshaw, presiding The Life Saving Exhibition was given by members of the Farnworth S.C. Miss F. Ashton, C Taylor, F. I sherwood, W. J. Taft, Conducter Mr J. A sp inall, President of the Branch, also an exhibition by lady members of the Cheetham Higher Grade Board School. Misses Te llie Black, Lu cy Jenkinson, Alice Knigh t and Elsie IIolland, Conductor 1\1r. 1<.. Race, head master of the Schoo l. Mi ss Nellie Pickles and Little Ti ch gave ;l very clever exhibition of ornamental swimming, followed by an exhibition by Mr. R. A. Crawshaw. A 100 yard s scratch race between W Gallagher, of Openshaw, and G. Wilkinson, of Gorton, resulted in the latter winning a good race by about a yard. The entertainment was brought to a c100e by a polo match between Openshaw and Gorton The third of the series was held at h e Cheetham Baths on May 24th, Councillor W Bradley presiding. The first event was an exhibition of life-saving- by the four girls from the Cheetham Higher Grade School, also by the Osborne Boy's team-So D e rby sh ire, J. H. Wright, P. H. Lister and J. Hunt, Condu ctor, i\lr. J. Derbys hi re An exhibition of ornamental sw imming was given by Little Ti c h and fast swimming (ISO yards) by J. II. Tyers (am.ateur c?a.n;pi o n) follo\\'e.d by ;vIr. R. A again gi\'ing a capital exhlblllOI1 of breast, Side and back stroke sWlmmmg A 50 yards

Boys Race by members of the Cheetham Higher Grade School produced an exciting finich, F. E. Dunlop touching just before C. Klein. A polo match, Osborne v. Cheeth3.l11, re s ulted in a win for the former by 5 goals

t04 thus bringing to a close an interesting entertainment. T he fou.rth of the series was reId at the Mayfie ld Baths before a crowded a u d ience, Councillor W. B Pritchard presiding. T he demonst r ation opened with an exhibition of ife-saving by the lady and gentlemen membe r s of the Heywood Grundy Swimming C ub, Messrs. J . T urne r T. Kay, J. W. Kershaw and H. Smith conducted by M r Fred Greenhalgh h e ady's team being same as The exh bitions was hi &,h ly the ladies especially being lou.dly for thell' .grand. display. An exbibition of ornamental sWJn1mmg was given by MIss Elsie SylVia and Baby Tom from the Scarboro' Baths, and was beautifully executed An exhibition scratcb race between J. Hunt and R A. Marshall resulted in the former just winninfS, and Little Tich again exh ibit e d h is prowess as a swimmer. Dr. H. E. H. Matthews of L evenshu l me gave a short lecture and described the various methods of resuscitat ion, &c. Mr. R. A. Crawshaw exhibited various methods of back and breast swi m ming. The display was concluded by a polo match, J H unt's tea m tI R A. Crawsha\V's learn, which resulted in a draw, 2 goa ls each Th e fifth and last of the series of displays for the presen t in Manc h est e r took place at the Leaf Street Baths on May 31st, Councillor W B. aO'ain presiding and was supported by several Alderman and Co u nCillors of the Manchester Corporation Exhibitions of l ife-saving were g iven by members of the Cheetham Board School Girl's Department, lady members of the Grundy S.C. and the Osborne Boy's Team. The exercises were watched very closely and much appreciated. V. Evans, the ex - amateur champion, gave an exhibition of fast swimming, Little Tich and R. A. Crawshaw also assisted and this was followed by a grand display of fancy swimming by Madame Councillor J?r. Shelton Daly, of Hulme, gave a most Interestmg lecture the I:ecesslty of every child being able to swim, and said that he was dOing hiS best to get it made compulsory, that every child the Ma?chester Board Schools should be taught how to save lIfe from drownmg, and concluded with an explanation of the various methods of resuscitation. A water-polo match between R. Beattie s team v: Mr. H Godley 's team, ending in a draw of 2 goals each. The Comm.lttee of Branch are exceedingly pleased with the result of the .dlsplay which, was witnessed by about 3,500 persons, and hope to contlllue the demonstration in various parts of the district within IS miles of Manchester, at Salford, Bolton, Hyde, Stalybridge and Roch.dale, &c., &c mittee also intend to hold a grand demonstratIOn and gala at the Phillips Park Baths, the proceeds to be devoted to the purchase of a for Competition among s the Schools, Colle!5es, Clubs, &c 111 the district. Donations for same will be gladly received and acknowledged by the Han. Sec.

SPECIAL INTERVIKW.

A Few days aO'o we had a short chat with Mr. G. J. Strickland of the Otter S.C. and , who has just returned from an eleven months trip to New Zealand, eight months. been spent in the Colony. Mr. Strickland rpeaks most euthusm,tJcal.1y of the wonderful and salubrious climate of the Colony, and IS charmed by the hospitality extended to him by the genial N ew his extensive travels in their country. After talkmg for some time upon general subjects we enquired as to the co?dition of swimming in Mr. Strickland said that he conSidered the sport to be qUIte 111 Its infancy over there. Sea bathing, as understood and practised in England, is cons iderably

HANlHCAPI'ED BY THE PRESENCE OF SHARKS, and althouO'h some adventurous spirits bathe from the beach, he says tha t he not care to do so himself, having seen large sharks within a comparatively short distance of the shore, whilst travelling by coasting steamers. Up in Auckland, in the N Island, the local swimmers o ld him that the sharks seem to be qUite harmless and that they frequently swim across the magnificient harbour adjoining the city At some pla ces as 'vyellmgton t?ere are enclosures where a swim may be enjoyed JJ1 safety, whils t at Dunedm, are extensive pools, modelled after those at. Ilfr3.combe, an.d which are flushed by every tide. Most of the rivers, at least 111 the South Island are" snow' rivers fed by the glaciers amongst the Southern Alps, d long chain of mountains running parallel to the coast on the we s tern side of the Island These snow nvers do not flow between banks but over broad beds of shingle sometimes two or three miles wide, where the river s plits up into v.arying from 10 to 50 yards in width, and from two to SIX feet 111 depth 111 fine weather. Ordinary ra in does little more than discolour them but a north -west wind accompanied by rain, causes them to RISE WITH TERRIBLE RAPIDITY, and Mr. Strickland has some very lively reco ll ections of sw i mming hi s h orse across the flooded Rangitata River, s itting u po n the an ima 's back up to his waist in water. Owing to their glacical hey are intensely cold, and their rapid currents and beautifu supply of I' snags" render a penance than a the back cOllntry they are usually supplied WIth a.ffluent creeks, 111 wh ch a costing dip can be obtained, but rarely a sWim of more or three yards. The public baths, MI:- Strickland says, are I mprovlllg, although at present a long way be?md the mother country ; most of them are open-air b3.ths, and are n!ce and c!ean, althou.g h unp retentious. The water supply about Chnstchurch 1S from artesian we ll s, a n d

July, 1&97.J FIRST

I is nearly as cold as the snow rivers: water polo is making- h ea iway nevert h eless, and a I?olo championship is contested annually There are no baths except In the town so thal it is only am o nD'st the urban residents that t he sport can be enjoyed with any great A TEPID BATH HAS l.ATLEY BEEN UPENE)) by Mr. Kent, at Richmond, a suburb of Christchurch, and this should do much to i mprove swimming in the district. Mr. Strickland then to u.s an acco u nt of some of his b',lthing experiences in the Hot Lake dlstnct of the North fsland. ThiS wonderful locality lies about t h e north centre of that Island, commencing at the northeast of Lake T aupo, it is about the most active centre of volcanic and th:r.ma l act i vi ty in the world, the whole district abounds with geysers, boIl1l1g water poo ls, mud volcanoes, steam jets, &c., the ground beinO' in so saturated with steam that on poking a stick two or inches m to the gro u nd a jet of stea.m will issue from the hole In some of th e ponds the water boils up furiously, and is conducted throughwooden cul verts unt sufficiently cooled to be used for hathinO" in others he water issues at temperatures varying [rom 9+ 0 to 106'1 All the waters are heavily charged with minerals, chiefly sulphur, alum, iron, and silica, and have high curative qualities To the native inhabitants, the Maori, these hot springs are everything-they cook, WASH THEIR CLOTHES, AND BATHE IN THEM. They cannot, however, be regarded as an unmixed good, as the Maori are very as to cold after indulging in warm baths, and comsumptlOn and chest diseases are rife amongst them in this part. The ponds are rarely larg-e enough lor swimming, when I first took to the hot water 1 used to dive and splash about a good deal a nd the Mao ri to ld me that I "swam too much," I soon found the o f th e ir assertion, for swimming in this hot water induces excessive las sit ude, and I learnt to take my bath quietly as they did, sitlinO' in a hot pool up to my neck in water, smoking a ciO'arette. In most the villages, the Mao:i all ?athe together, and ch ildren, A.S.A. c.ostume belllg enUrely s uperflu ou s, m th ose vIllages frequented by tounsts, the women do not as a rule bathe in the more exposed pools but the men are always delighted if a "pakiha" (white man) will come in and splash about with them.

SOME OF THE MAORI ARE GOOD SW IMMERS but I had not many of seeing extensive aquatic performances by them. QuestlOned as to the p!'ogre ss of life sa vinO' in New Zea land, Strickland that the idea had been well by the loc.al that 7t the time of his arril'al they wanted more mformatlOn and He supplied some handbooks, and 11r. W. G Stratton, of the ChrIStchurch S.C underto ok the instru c of a team which has since done good service by giving demonstratIOns at galas Shortly before leaving for h o me i\Ir. Strickland ex am ined four members of the above club for In structors' certificates and has that such certificates be award ed. InA pril last th e Executive of the N .Z.A S.A. EOught Mr. Strickland's advice with regard to the iormation of a branch of the Society in ell' Zealand, and in consequence of the negotiations which took place we are happy to be in position to say that the extension of the good work to this colony is a thing of the near future The papers are expected by the mail. Mr. Strickland was flected an honorary member of the Christchurch and welcomed by swimming men allover the colon y; h e WIll long pleasant recollections of their friendship, and looks forward to a bnght future for swimming and life saving in New Zealand

COLONIAL OPINION.

The Re./eree, Sydney, of 17th February last, has the following article :-

LIFE-SAVING.

Although hardly a branch of athletics, or coming within the domain of sport, the art of saving life from drowni;-Jg seems to us a subject that is not altogether outside the province of this j ournal, owinO' to its close association with swimming, if for no other rea son At a time whe n the daily paper3 teem with saddening reports of deaths from dr owning, the good work being done by the Life-Saving S ociety throughout the world i s called to mind, a.nd one feel s pleased to kn0w that swimmers have wi se ly tllJ ned attention to the humane and heroic ?ide of thei.r art. Moreover, the general public are gradually awakento the Importance of a knowledge of the simple methods for l'estorI1lg animation, and resuscitating the apP3.rently drowned. Tim es out of mind the gallantry of swimmers and enthusiasm of bystanders are alike ineffectual in saving a life because of their ignorance of how to go about it. The many exhibitions given in Sydney and several parts of the country lately by s luads from the New South \\Ta les branch have been a rev e lation to thousands of people Idl0 witne ssed and applauded them. Most refreshing is it, too, to learn that, as an o ut come thereof, classes are being established pretty well all over the colony. Equally satisfactory is the news tha N ()w Zealand has expressed a keen desire to promote and extend the obj ec ts of thi s soc iety, which emphat ic a lly commenc.l thel115e ves to every ind i vidual. Like Dick. !:::ill'iveller's " Ma r c h ioness," y our average Englishman has to " make believe" very muc h nd eed e re be i ng thoro u ghl y persuaded of the u ti l ity and bona

AID. ]

fidls of any such organisation just now. But the T.i fc-S3.vi n D' S oc iety (founded six years ago) is not only all professes, but more, being wbre!y dependent upon subscnptJOJ/s, we confident ly appeal to all classes for support on Its behalf.

Among those who have laboured to build up the fabric of what will Iv.e ho pe, become one of the world's noblest and mo,t prosperous name of Mr. \V: Henry stands prol111nelltly forth. l\Iall11y re s p o nsl b.le. for the foundatIOn of the society since its inception, he has acted as ]01l1t hon. secretary of the parent body in Enaland with Mr. A. Sinclair, and the truly arduous lab ours of both ever been those o f love. :'\1r. Henry sta nds admittedly the finest amateur exponent ot ornamental swimming in the United Kingd om whilst his fame in other departments of the art are well known by' reason of deeds, far too numerous to mention. Yet greater than all these! In t,he of mo st folk ?-re hiS endeav.ours (as mentioned above), to bring tile subjects of th e society und e l notice thr oug h out the universe. May he long live and flourish to doing so. Several gentlemen here, h ea ded by Dr. Hodgson, and Il1cludlngamong their number Mr. A. T. Hendry, ha ve taken a lively intere:;t in the matter and during la st winter, at great personal sacrifice, visited nearly the of the suburbs explaining the Society's objects anJ teachings and formillg classes.

A GENEROUS GIFT.

O\\:ing to the of R. T o pping, Esq., "h o has generously contnbuted +0 gUll1eas to the funds of the society, special souvenir gold medals set with diamonds and pearls, als0 in silver and bronze ha\ e been struck for presen.tation all com peti tors in mile wh o complete the distance 111 35 ml1lutes. Similar medals \\'ill be awarded to the first three in the National Graceful Diving Competition and other events on the programme. The prizes and souvenirs will be presented at the banquet to be held. at the Holborn Restaurant Saturday .evening at 7 o'cl.ock, chairm an, the Hon Sydney Holland: acting preSident of the society. All members and fflends of the society are requested to be present.

A full account of the great jubilee gala of the Life Sa"ing Society will appear in the next issue. It may be stated that T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of York will be pre sent, also the Hon. Sydney H olland, W. H. Grenfell, Esq., Dr. W. Collingridge, and others, in a special launch kindly len by J arrow & Co

OFFICIA L B A DGE

OF TIlF.

2Li fe S a \?i n g S ocie t }2.

In WH TE, B L UE AND G OL D E NAMEL. F or use of Members, H older s of th e M eda ll io n o C ertificate, Members of C lubs or kindred As s ociations affi l iated t o the So ciety.

Price, (Post Free) 2 5. ad.

1Rot es. BY TOURNIQUET.

I was pleased to see that many of the Officers, Men, and N"ursing Si st ers, had provided themselves with Bovl il stam noids From a personal knowledge of these valuable little tabloirs I can speak with confidence as to their effica cy.

* **

I also noted that many of the detachments had made BOl'ril in large quantities whi c h they out cold to .those unfortunate folks who were s ufferin O' from exhau5tlOn. Pr eventIOn IS better tb an cure, and there is no dgubt that this timely aid saved many from collapse There is an idea that BOITil cold is not palatable, this is 3. mistaken notion, I ha\'e tried it both hot and cold, and in hot weather I think. the laUel' preferable.

'[b e H 2Lattt cc" JBl as ti c $toc hi no.

TIlTS is a nell' kind of elastic stoc king for vari cose veins made on a different principle to those usually \\' orn. I: consists of pure red made into a kind of lattice work, and th e 1111'entors chum that It has adl'antages m'er the ordinary It C.111 be :I'orn bathinO' which I"ill be O'reatly appreCiated by nun}'. It IS cool, soft, and and cyclists wh o are obliged to wear ehstic stOcklllgS, will find great benefit from this stOcking, as there s not lh:n tendency to sli p dOlI n. Exact measurements ha\e to ce taken so a.s to ensure a good fit. S k' C f

I t is manufactured by the" Lattice" Ehstlc toc -111g 0., 0 70, Fenchu rch Street, E C., and the pnce is very modelate.

FIRST St. 30hn Bll1bulance lJ3rigabe.

G TESHEAD FELL DrnsIO:\'. - The first official inspection of this took place on Saturday, 29th the. temporary ?eaduarters, Sallwell Vale House, Low Fell. Milburn, Asslstan: qc b ',0' the in<1)ectinO' officer. Present on P alade. ommlSSlonel, C S - 'intendent John Surgeon Instruct o r \V. \V. Da\'ls, J\l.R Supel H arrison, First Officer; T. F. Second Officel

A (nO' Drill lnstrLlctor the Rev. E. O. \VIllmms B.A. ?ecretar), DObinson ; Hon, Rev. A. H. Patters on, l\1.A VIcar of St. Hel en's L ow Fell' rS rank and file, four men on leave of one man on' sick leave: The division receiyed the ·wlth opened rank and general sa lute. The in spectlO l1 of march1l1g past with and without stretchers, loading and unloadll1g marchinO' with loaded stretchers, and bandaging In the mIdst of the laLter a thunder shower came on, and the Inspectll1g officer the men undel co er. They accordingly proceeded to the class practIce room where tbey were joined by the Inspector, and. such of the spectators \\'ho held first aid certificates, including two ladles Mrs. R. Thompson, and :'1 rs. John \\'ilson The bandaging exer.cise.s were then also splinting fractured lim.bs., artificia res piratIOn, and the firenl.ln lift. The A ss stant C o mmIssIOner then addressed and, aftel commenting upon the formation of objects, and Gateshead Fell Division being the pioneer DI\'lslOn !11 tw o .nol thel n counties stronO'ly urO'ed the men to \'olunteer for duty 111. puhllC places, &c. and' to ambulance by gOlllg a nursing class. Superintenden t Harn so n addressed a few. \\ 01 ds strongly emphasising the Inspecting officers remarks, and namll1g two separate wh en he wo uld have been gb? of. a knowledge of nursing, had he had. an of obtainll1g It. There were present to witness the lI1spec.tlOn : The of Mrs. Ho o per; the Rev. J. Wllson, B.A (In the ranks and :'IIrs. \: Ils on , Captain Capello (the well-known trave ller), comr.nandll1g PortuO'ue se ironclad" Dom Carlos I, Senhora and Scnhollta Captllo , d'Antas Riberio, of the same ship; Chevalier, Mrs., a:1d i\liss Rendell; :'III'S. Johnson, ;\1r. and :'11'5. Ralph Thompson, ilIl s :'l elross, i\lr, and i\lrs. R. Collingwood, A. A. Lloyd,. J. P. Pairs, W. Hollin s (chairman of N. E. Railway centre); Mr. Pringle , Secretary of B orough London 'Y orks Branch; J H.S. , Secretary of Jarro w Branch; Mr s. and :\lrs. \V. H. Park1l1son , :\11 5 Seaffo rd Mrs. and the :\Ii sses Forster, :'IIrs. Y o ung and others. The Di\ ision' \"ill shortly hold a competition among the.mseh·es fo!' four sil\'er medallions for the squad of four the most profiCient accmdll1g to the official drill manual, five squads haying en te red.

H ULL CORPS.-On 'Whit Monday one detachment of the We stern Division was sent to the cycle races, on the Boulevard grounds, fortunately no accident occurred. At the pony ra ces' .h.el.d on the H.older. ness Polo ground, a deta chment of the Central DIVISion was statlOned, and was fully engaged the whole afternoon. About .ro ,ooo people were in the O'rounds which was far more than the CommIttee expected. The cases'were treated '-F irst race, one rid er, inju ry to head and shock to "'system; one boy, injury to head and hand. Third race, one man, ki ck from a horse, fibula displacerl, sent on .ambulance to infirmary; one man, contu.sed. wounds on forehead. Fifth race, one man, kick from a horse \\'hlch Jumped among the cro\:\'d, fractured sent on ambulance t o infirmary; one man, concussIon of the bram (serious), sent home; one lady, shock to the system, was taken the ladies room until she recm ered. Mr. and i\irs. Krause were 111 the grounds and help to the men engaged in their arduous

The Jubilee festiyities commenced h ereon I9th June, when Sir Seym o ur King, M.P., and Lady K.ing gave a on the Boulcyard grounds. 8,000 school children and .thelr were entertained; after the reception there were provIded for theIr enJoyment roundabouts, swings, races , Christy minstrel.s, Punch and Jud? shows, &c An ambulance station was also provIded 111 case of accIdents. Lady superintendcnt and 2 nurses, superintendent secretary, I seraeant, and 3 privates were on duty, I3 cases, not serious, were

On Tuesday, 22nd June, Jubilee D:JY, at 9 a.m. in the three parks the different detachments arrived to furnish the ambulance stations provided by the Parks Committee. There were on duty Lady Superintendent Laverack. 8 nursing sisters Superintendent Tunnard, r sergeant and 22 privates from 9 a.m to I r p.m., at interval..; of about four hour s : so me being on duty the whole day. Chief Superintendent H opper and Superintendent Secretary Krause in spected twice during the day every slation, and took duty in the evening in one of the parks; 26 cases were treated, two of them had to be taken to the infirn ary. One boy fell from a swing, injury to chin; one boy ,\'as burnt on neck, from falling of fireworks; a boy and a gi rl were conveyed home, suffering fr o m epilepsy; 52 lost cbildren were taken care off and restored to their friends. Another detachment was stationed at the cyde races on the Boulevards, no accidents occurred. vVe had also super intendent and 8 men in London on duty.

AID. [July, 1897.

IpSWICH DIvrsION.- rhe ann ual inspection took place o n June 2nd, and Mr. Elliston was much pleased with the p roficiency in stretcher and bandaging drill. Nine \\' en t in for medallions and one a and n o one failed, all the others a lr eady had. them. The dIVISIOn was on duty at the .Ag ricultural Show, and many Inspected, and pleas ed with the tent and it s equipment; there was not one Ip swic h Division and Nu.rsing Di\'isio n be on duty Jublle e week at the large entertaInments to be gl\'en by the Mayol.

JDriIl

VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION

President, MAJOR ANDREW MACL URE , V.D., late L.S.R.V. OlJices, 7, St. Bene't Pla ce, Street, L ?ndon E.c. ORDERs.-The next class for the trammg of reglmen.ta l bearers will be held at the headquarters of the L ondon Rd1e Bngad e, 130, Bunhill Row, E.C., by permission of Col. H. C. Cholmondeley, commanding, and will commence at 7.30 p.m., on MOl,day, October 4th , 18 97 A pplication forms London R.E.V., or Gower Street, W.C.

can be obtained of Sergeant Pleasance, 1st of Sergeant H. J. Bus se ll, Artist's R.Y, r3, (By Order)

H. F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major L. R B.Senior Medical Officer In structor.

st. 30hn :El1nbulflnCe Bssociation.

IpSWICH CENTRE.-·Work is over for the Mr. Hossash lately held a class at St. John s for Messrs. Botwood s employes. 27 attended all or n early the lecture s; all but were amined by Dr. Spencer Cooper, two With n.o technical educatl.on money to keep us this year, we shall stdl have gamed about 80 certificates.

LEICESTER the recent examination held at the Old Town Hall by Dr. Coates, 25 r,nembers, of the Men 's Nursing .Class held in connect ion with the Workmg Men s College were exammed, 2,3 of whom were successfu l. Dr. Shearer was the le ct ure r to the class, aSSisted by Messrs. J. L. King a;1d Z. Langham, Hon. Superintendents of the St. John Ambul ance BrIgade.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GUARAXTEED BY

The Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corporation, LIMITED,

40 42 & 44 MOORGATE STREE'r, LONDON, E.O to NOUN' of Claims, UI1l1er the followi ng conditions, must be sent within seven days of accident to the above address.)

£100

will be paid by the above Oorporation to l ega of a!lyone who is killed by ail accident to the l'asscDger '[ram the or Ohannel I s ands), ill whIch the deceased. w.as a tIcket beanng or paymg passenger, or who shall }lave

FIRST AID

Jo\Jrnal devoted Objects and of Eo ,Ambulance Life Saving Work,

NOTICE TO OUR READERS.

present management are desir ous of issuing the journal to our readers on the d ate named for publication viz., the 27th of each preceding month, to du this however, It will be absolutely necessary to go t o press punctually. Will our Various correspondents therefore send on their copy not lat e r than the 20th of each mon th Several leadin g medical m e n have intiml?ted their will in gness to con tribu te a rti cles of interest to firstaiders, and it is hoped th':lt the circulation of the journa l may thereb.v be largely increased. Wha.t WFl want how ever is more annual subscribers. Will L ocal Secretaries kindly help us in this manner. First-Aider3 unab le to obtain the journal locally should apply direct. Subscrip tion forms may be obtained on application.

TRADE NOTICE

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:fJ3 rev i ties.

': :ve suggest to those in charge of Centres, Corp s, or DIVISIons, that our columns are open for A.dvertisements of Oertificates, Annual Inspections, &c. Journal has from the first supported the moYements, both in connection with the Association and Brirrade departments, and the Editorial department has been all times only too ready to insert reports of meetinrrs &c. \Vould it be asking too much, therefore, to reque tthat a share of the more paying branch should also be conferred. It must be borne in mind that the Advertisements pay for the production. -

:ambulance in tbe 'OOlar.

By s. OSBORN, F.R.C.S.

A SHORT account of my experiences in the Turco-Greek war will J?robably interest some of your readers. To anyone interested in the fi rs t aid movement, it was an opportunity not to be lost. M V desire to go to the war was met wi th the rerr ark, "\Yhy, it is all orer!'

However, on April 26th, a telegram arrived from the at Athens desiring to klIow when 1 sh o uld arrive. This I togk to lhe Foreign Office the following mOl ning, wne re I was inrormed that such a telegram would have been sent on the understanding that I was wanted. accordlllgly left London on the 28th, at r a.m., from Victoria Station. At Paris, I met two other surgeons, Messrs. }l oon and Thomas, and seven of Mrs. Fenwick's nurses all bound for the same destination. "Ve all arrived at Corfu on the 1st of 1\1ay where my companions left me to proceed at once to Athens. I remained at Corfu to see and hear the condition of affairs there, before proceeding by the next steamer on the 3rd. The war, I found, wa s by no means oYer, butat its very height. A Ladies' Committee

t? the being formed, and I was asked to gi\'e a demonstratIOn on first aId m the theatre on the :\Ionday before I left. This 1 consented to do prog rammes printed in Greek and Ital ian were drawn up gl\' lllg the prin cipal points for r endcring first aid The se were posted over the town with the result that had an of some 200 or 300 ladles and gentlemen. Speaking in a few sentences these were translated into Greek by Dr. P oliti!'. whtlst the prac tical. wo rk up o n the little boy models hac fo r the occasIOn. Th e maternl used was of an impro\'ised character. The .Iecture lasted two h o ur s, but apparentlr interested my audience suffiCiently, that t hey e'<pressed a desire that mI' little book on first aid shou ld be translated int o Gre ek. Thi s Dr. P olitis consente d to do, and the \,!ueen o f Greece has, through her Chamberlain, Count :'lessala, Sll1 ce .ll1formcd me that she wi ll be graciollsly pleased to accept the dedlc,,1.ti on of this tran<;lation. I left Corfu at 3 p.m. on 3rd for Athen s, wilh an introduction from the '\hyor of Corfu to hi S brother, :'Ir. Tbeotoky, the :'1 inister of the Interior.

On arriving in Athen s thefollol\ing day,:'Ir A. Le\'eson Gower, from the Briti sh Legation, very kindly came out to Eleusis to meet me, and explain ed to me the whol e co nditi on of affairs on my journey into the city The kindness and assistance renderel to me by this gentleman. words farl to express; with ou t him I should h a\'e been like a wi thou t a rudder. He is of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem l and gave me truly the right hand of lellowship. \V e dro\'e immediately to the Minister of the Inter io r and a lso to that of \\'ar, II'ho kindly promised to place a steamer at my disposal by + p.m. the rollowing day to proceed to the base of o perati ons at -010 That day happened to be St. G eo rge 's Day , the 11lme day 01 the King and with the usual Court functions occurring, I feared greatly I should n ot get ofr. Howe\'er. with pertinacity-perhaps better called constant worryin g - I succeeded in getting off at the time named o n board the" Albania," accompanied by i\Ir. Thomas as a dresser, four nurses, Sisters Clara Hill, Johnston, Coombe, and Skerm"n, and Ge orge the interpreter. :\1)' determina:ion to lea\'e at the h our stated pre\'ented my attending an audience with the Crown Princ ess, to "hich I had been command ed to atten at 4.30 p.m ., but my wounded had to be my first care.

H.R.H. had, however, mo st kindly sent 011 board some long strips of muslin (to place over the patients on tne stretchers 50 as to protect them from public \'ie\\" as well a s from the heat, and their wounds from flies), ora nge s , lem ons, and cigarettes. which r had pr evio u sly asked :\Iadame Contostados. her L ady-in-W aiting, to supply me \"ith. I should say that no\\' ha"ing met Dr. Abbott, of the Dai/]! Chronicle Fund, he consented t o take me on to his staff, and I now recei\'ed my orders from him as Chief Surgeon in charge. He was a most agreeable colleague to work with and with any suggestion I made was always ready to fall in witb.

Th e Greeks kept an excellent lo o k-out for ships coming up to \ '010, and a tOlpedo boat came after us to kn ow \\'bo and what we \" ere. This was excusable considering I was flying the I:ed cross flag of Gene,''l. on the fore mast, the red ensign 011 the ma111, and the G I:ee.k flag astern. \Vh en this was understo od, my nurses in their charactenstlc uniforms still further helping to elucidate matters as st?od on rhe quarter deck, we proceeded with out delay. On reachm 010 abo ut 2 p.m. on the 6th, we found the Greek fleet ther e, I tal!an men-ofwa r, and H.:'LS. "Dryad." A boat from the latter Immediately came alongside to kno,,'" Why are you fl yillg that flag. , a I:eply back to the Commander a letter of from the EnglIsh LegatIOn, on the receipt of which Captain Howard, accompan.ied b,· ?i s surgeon, at once came alonO'side and rendered us e\'ery asslst:lnce 111 their power. \Ve immediate()' landed in his cutrer. ,\1)' object was to clear .the several base hospitals so as to lea\'e them rree for paut'nls coming' down from the fr o nt, the batLle of \ ·elestrino then g\)IIlg- OIL :'Ify orders beinO' "to brillO' b;]ck any wounded I mioht find aL \110 to the Base Hospital at t he Pir<:cus, l) make enquiries to the state of lhings at the front, and make an}' arrangements I might think ne cessary for the downward cOIl\'eyance of wounded, eilher from '010. o r Lan.lIa also to inrorm the Greek authorities at the front of these Instru ct Ions and our plan of action, and to \\'ire flom \-010 the approximate time of arrival of wounded at b l , e."

On landing I immediately went to the and inforn:ed them that I was ready to take all their wounded, and that afw: up should lea\-e again next day at 12 o'clock \\ hdst 111 the hospital we sa\\' the result of the b::ltt le of Velestnno and the Greeks

FIRST

coming in full retreat o\'er the hills, The condition of the town was no\\' anything but comfortable, the respectable inhabitants had fled and there was a low murmur of insurrection amongst those remaining, some of whom were Greek cOl1l'icts let out of the neighbouring prisons by the Greeks themseh'es prior to their retreat, and ripe for any mischief. The reckle3s and indiscriminate firing of guns by these persons was a constant source of danger. This interregnum between the advent of the Turks and the flight of the terror-stricken Grecian inhabitants was e\'erywhere a sour.::e of great alarm :\[uch brutality and wantonness, ]lut dOlI n to the Turks, was occasioned by these criminal classes. It \\':15 impossible to bring my large steamer alongside the qua)', although I desired to do so, but the Captain, Kicholas Sgourdeos, wisely sal\' that if he did so, we should soon he oyenlhelmed ,,,ith panic-stricKen p eo ple swarming up the sides, Con· sequently the wounded had to be taken off in a steam pinnace to the s:eamer lying out in mid harbour. In addition to the wounded from the hospitals many Iyounded were brought down straight from the battlefield to the quay where they had the attention of the nurses until they could be cO l1\'eyed on board: this was well representeJ by some sketches in the DaT{l' Craphlc, The benefit of the long strips of muslin \\'as noll' well seen in protecting the wounded from the glare of the sun. One hundred and ten wounded were w.ken from \Tolo, I also asked by t he Commander of II.:'.I.S, "Dryad" to conl'e), all the mail bags anJ dispatches from the se\'eral men-of-war lying in the hal'bour, This [ did. although somewhat alarmed at being trusLed with such precious documents, for which I had to sign a receipt, Tbey \I'e re placed in my cabin, beneath my bunk, and the door locked, and J was Yery glad subsequently to hand them oyer to the postal authorities on reaching the Pir:eus ::'\oticing that many of my wounded, especially shot thr ough the abdomen, and one poor fellol\' with a large portIOn of hi S skull earned away by a she ll, must ine\'itably sllccumb to theil \younds, T took on board at \'010 a Greek priest to administer to their needs, and who also performed the burial sen'ice after the of the Greek Church when I stopped [or the bodies to be con· yeyed onshore. is strange to relate that both my Captain and this Gre:k priest were 'reemasons, a. Ll;ct a.t whi ch we all three expre sse d our Immen se delight. The p:lnlc In 010 was so great th:!.t at breakfast on the morning of the 7th, I was asked to t.ake on board tell ladies and seyen gentlemen 1\'ho had been connected with the R t:d Cross II osp itals, I could hardly refuoe, so requ ested that Lheir names should be submitted to me; but in the hurry of denarture andlookinoafter my \\ounded, I found that the number of ladies had' increased t \\'ent;'-four and the gentlemen to fifteen, The re " 'e re no less than unilll'ited guests "hom, I was called upon to pro\ ide, [hiS, wO,uld nqt have heen obJected to If they had been thankful for the extended to them; b ut, one I\melican surgeon, the) all looked upon the b?,ll as a refuge for all bearing the Red Cross hadge becau·e It ,,'as bell1g so used [or the benefit of the wounded G ree\s.

On the 7th of after pn.ying my respects to the Greek n.R,H, Prince George, on their re s pectiYe ships left Volo at 12 o clock for Santa. :'.larIna wILh my of wounded. Prel'iously to stalt Il1g I attempted to telegraph to the Plr,eus but the wires had been cut. object in calling- at Santa '\LHina was to pick lip any wOllnded that mlgl:t be brought there, on acco',:nt of the nnin body of the Greek army ha,\'lng retreated to Domoko, it now the baseof operations. Heanng some wounded \I'ere Stylis, a sma.ll village lying on "the othel Side ,of the 13.l\' to Santa :'.Ianna, 1, accompanied by Capt ;11 Ie, :'.I;P" took a small bont and,wentthere tytbat means as my - teame l II a s of t oo great a draught to lie there, rn ;\ which had been lnt? a temporary hospital I foulld Capt. Birch, the \ olullLeers. ",oundeJ with a bullet in his thigh and se\'eral other 1", ngllshn:oIl. :lmongst them :'.1r. \\" H, jone s, a well·known foot ball With a bullet wound his knee.joint, and :.] r, R odoca na ch shot through the elbo\\"JoII1t. A ll these wounderl were across the Bay in a boat to my ho s pital ship ar.d 11 iLh abou,t nOt? 130 wounded I left for the Base HospiLal at lhe Pir:e us "here.I alnl'ed at + p,m. on the th, hn.\ ing stopped at Chalkis fOl' n. sho,l,t time to bury ,ome my dead,se\'en of my poor wounded h.II lllg succum bed to their wound s on this sad journey, Alterdl sembark lI1g all the wounded at the P,rce us I found with o-reaL r:,gretthe Rase " ',as not ready [or their reception. Dlth the able ot :'.lr. Coclas a Greek gentlemen, and tl l r. amJ.i::t, the ,Consul,e\'erYlhilig was made leady for housing the that night i\leletopoulo House, Phreatiss, which Ind been III placed at our dl::.posal by H,:'.I. The Oueen of Greece. 1_ u,ndertook tohave the .ho:;pital, which I1;;'S to be called the English the P,lrrcus, gUile ready and yerfect in e\'ery particular in t\\ ·foul houl S. 1 hiS was accomplished recei vin 0- as I did the UttIrIns- energy of those gentlemen whom I have as well as L1:: of .-\lr<;, Bedford Fenll:ick. .-\Iany o[ the wounded that' I brouJtjt do n I1lth me 111 the were greatly to my sorrow removed to on account oftl?e hospltalnot being ready; but all the Eno-lish and. a del'oted Greek solc!ler by name Panajotis poulo_ 1 emallled, lh: latter /;emarklng thal if Lhey ( took him aw.lY from me he would kill hllu self The removal of these wounded, several

AID. [ .A 1.lg1.lst , 18 9:.

seriously so, a piece of folly of tbe Greek authorities, who removed them ,,,ithout my allt!:ority and at their own risk, as any penu,nent resting place was better than prolonged and renewed remo\'al, especially as the hospital was quite complete by the time r stated that it should br. That Saturday night anJ Sunday morning 1 shall ne\'er forget, Picture to oneself this building which had been a refuge for Cretan em:. grants, some +00 in number, who had Lerded together on the second flo or of this building with vermin and insects innumerable. It is then possi l'le to understand the night we passecl. sleeping on mattresses on the flo or. Our heads and bodies enveloped in some of thefolds of muslin we looked as we lay on the floor like 50 many corpses. The building was howenr thoroughly fumigated and cleaned, and situated as it \rason it promontory stretching out into Phalerum Bay it soon became the most perfect little hospital imaginable and was known in Athens a s the .1 BijOll Hospital."

The wide marble staircase" as decorated with flags, palms and i\largu erites, with the wards decorated in like manner, r was fully justified in feeling proud of such an excellent as well as beautiful little institulion, in the surgicalmangement, of which I had the co,oper:ltion and I'alua ble assistance of Dr. i\[offat and pro Turner, both of Guy's rt is to be regretted tbat do all T could I was unable to m lke up more than seyen and twenty beds. The first floor of the building was in llle possession of a Greek gentleman, who was not philanthropic enough to give it up for the benefit of his wounded countrymen, e\'en on the offer of a suitable douceur. If this floor had been obtainable a hospital l1f fifty beds could haye been instituted, and, considering its situ.ttion and complete equipment, it \IIould have made with iLs se:1 breezes a splendid home for wounded or cOlwalescent soldiers away from Athens, and hav e become one of the standard institutions of the Greek Capital, and a permanent memorial of our sojourn in Greece. "'e recei\'ed visits fr<lm many distinguished persons amongst them H ,;'If. the Queen and T, R, rT, the Crown Prince ss and Princess Marie with theirrespective suites, wh o kindly entered their names in our Visitor;," Book. Sir E. H. Egert on the British :'.[inister in Athens, and his "ife. as well as the officers of ll. :'.1.S, " :-J ile" :!.lso rendered us e\'ery assiqa nce and hel p in Lheir ]lowel, Dr. .\.bbotL instituteu another En ,g li sh hospital at Cbalkis for 10J in Lbe surgical management of" hich he \\'as assisted by t1l'J otber St, Thomas's lIospiLal men, :'.lessrs Fox-Sym ons and D.wis, The Pirrcus IIo s pital being noll' in good working order I was desiroll!' of proceeding to Arta in Epirus where I he<'..rd th e re were many wound ed and very deficient means of transport, pi incipally due to the fortress of Prevasa still being in the h :m ds of the Turks, I accordingly asked the Go\'e rnment to lend me a stE'amer to pass under the guns of Pre\'asa, being quite certain that the Turks would not fire upon the Red Cross flag of Gene\'a. In my endea\'our I was most ably :!.ssisted by the Britis h :\Iinister who very kindly telegraphed to the Porte for permission f,lI' me to proceed, and who also kindly yolun tee red to provide me "ith a steam yacht of my own, "bich lIould not be a Greek vessel, and upon which I should ha\'e been perfectly justified in flying the English flag, The signing of the Amnesty put an end to this project. During these negotiations I filled up t he hospital completely with patients and could have filled it twice over, taking from the ships at Lheir disembark:l. tion of wounded, n.s many as could of those most seriously Iyolll1ded, to preyellL the further trouble and suffering incident upon their remo\'al to Athens, I\.mongst these \\'ere a large number of Garibaldians; in fact, one ward was entirely gi,'en up to Italians, and \\ith the 10:ln of an Italian flag and the attendance daily of an English speaking orderly from the Italian flagship" Sardillla " lying in Phalewm Bay, 1 am quite cert.ain that their stay at the English hospital :1t the Pirxus will ne\'e r be forgotten by anyone of them.

The campaign of the Turco-Greek war, from a surgical point of view , cannot be said to have been of a very interesting character, The number of wounded was very largely in of those actually killed. more than ordinarily 50. \\'hen 1 left Athens there were said to he about 3,000 wounded in that city alone, One·fifth of the injuries contused and lacerated wounds produced by shells, or the scattering "f stones, &c., thro\\ n up by their explosion. The remaining four-fifths ",el'e gunshot wounds, and all of so similar a character in colour, shape, and general appearance as to entrance and exit that they might all have been painted with the same brush. A blackish purple hole with white charreel edge, and with a "ery slight red margin of inflammation surrounding it, The bullets fired by the :\ f artini rifle are peculiar, as they are flat-headed and resemble about an inch or uncllt cedar penciL One I removed by operation from the abdomen of a patient, on being weighed was found to be one ounce and one grain. Consequently, when bone was struck, there was necessarily more splintering than there would have been with a conical· headed bullet.

The wounds were principally in the lower extremity, giving t h e idea of long distance firing and nearly spent shots, or the Older to fire 10\\', " I saw no bayonet wounds, \Yhen visiting the l\lilitary Hospit:ll at Corfu, on my reLurn journey, I was struck with the extraordinary number of cases with injury to lingers, nearly 50 per cent. I fear some of these, especially those of the right index or trigger finger, and which is more or less protected by the trigger guard, were cases of mutilation. (See la7tcet, July l oth,)

1LlIly of the bullet wounds were extraordinary from the p eculiar course they took. For instance, one passed through the nose [rom one

Augu s t, 1897.J FIRS'r

side to the ot h er, !eaving a hole which could be easily looked tbrough, One entered beslde the l eft eye, traversed the face completely, and ca,me close to the large yessels on right side of the neck, and With \\?Ich there was no loss of VISIOn, smell, deglutition, voice, paralYSIS of tbe face" or even hX1110rrhage. One entered the neck the l?wer jaW, and, passed down\\'ards into the anterio; \\'Jthout much inconvenience Another struck the back looking as If It had gone straight into the lungs, but instead it had passed transversely across the back and come out at the opposite SUC? a case as the bst led one at first to think that he had tl1'O dlStll1Ct budet wounds, and \\'hich, of course, might ha\'e been the case and ough t not to be lost sight of. Those poor fellows that died were PI:ll1clpally ,gunshot wounds of the penetrating stomach, bladdel or One had a large portIOn of his skull carried away, about size of a. saucer, and the brain exposed and bruised. lIe regaliled conscIOusness. Two men died in a second class cabill \\'It,holl,t any external ,\"ound or even bruising, suffering from pams III thora '( and abdomen associated with shock and constant retchmg: These 1 to h:tve been produced by falls or the soralIed,wmd from shells. l nfortunately. 1 had not the opportunity of the actual CalJSe of death. One poor fellow, from whom on IJIS cOllllng on, board I could get no decided answer to questions addressed LO 111111, eventually de\'el ope d acute man ia and bad to be placed Jl1 the foremo s hold, as he endea\'oured to thro\'\' him self overboard.. :\.f,terwards on touching at the he \\'as t:lken, 0 a soldier desc r ibed It, to the" crazy house," It is \\'orth while mentionino- ,hat those bullet ,,:ounds which joints, got well with o ut excision; permanen stiffness alone remallllllg. The Rontgen rays ,\yere found extremely useful subsequently for the detecLion of bullets· cases beina sent from ,other hospit:tls for this purpose. One case of 'bullet wounJ 111 t,he .h:td .hls leg amput:J.ted whilst on board, mortification ba\,lllg set 111 111 foot. H!s prospect of reco\'ery \\'ould prob:l bl" hale been better If the operatIon had been postponed until his arrival at the Base Hospital.

(Tv be CO.'I! IIll1eI)

Hlltlllal for th e Sbi el b

PRESE:\TED BY TlIE VOLlJXTEER MEDIC.-\L

.\SSOCL\ Tl 0::'\, THE competition took place at St. George's Barracks on Saturday, July :qtb. The following teams entered for competition :-

1st V,B, IIighland Light Infantry (2 squads), 2nd Y,B. Royal Fusiliers

2nd I\'-B, the Border Regt, 2nd Y.B, the Hampshile Regt., 1st \',B the Bucks Regt, Two other teams scratched prior to the cuntest. The competition was ctil ided into four par:s, dl'ill , bandaging, first aid, and anatomy, and the maximum of marks obtainable was 300, The fO,lIolVing officers kir:dly acted as judges :-Brigade-Surgeon Coi. Glles, Surgeon Lleut-Col. Thallmark, Surgeon Lieut-Col.

1:.lJ nes, Culver j ames, Surgeon-Capt. :\Iauhews, Surgeon-Captalll \\'arwlck, Surgeon-Capt, Dickson, and Surgeon - Lieut, Harper, the other officers on the parade g-round beina- S-uro-eon-Col.

T. O'Farrell, Principal l\ledical Officer for the Home Di;;trict"attended by his secretary Surgeon-i\[ajor James, Surgeon-Lieut. Tudstall, and Surg,eon-Capt, Fletcher, honorary secretary to the \' olunteer l\ledlcal ASSOCiatIOn. ,\.t the conclusion of the competition, which '\\'as of a somewhat .extended character, the han, secretary announcerl the result as follows :- 2nd, V,B , Royal Fusiliers with a total of 252 points first the, 1st Squad of the 1st V B. Highland Light Infantry came WIth a total of 2+5 points; and third, the 2nd V.B. Buck " 1 be various competing teams were then drawn up in line and Surgeon-qol.. O'Farrell (P.M , O.) presented the Sbield and Badges !O the wlI1l1Jng team, and badges to the 2nd and 3rd team at the. same. time l addressing a few kindly words to each recipient, a'fter which Bngade Surgeon Lieut,-Col. Giles proposed a hearty vote of thanks t:> Surgeon-Col. O'Farrell for his great kindness in attendinothere that day to present the Shield and Badges, remarking thatit ?ne further proof of the kindly interest which he had at all times shown In connection with their work. The vote was passed with acclamation and the r.M,O. having briefly replied, Brigade Surgeon Lieut. - Col.' GIles addressed a few words to the teams, in the course of which he advocated a better attendance of provincial teams at these annual contests, and urged those present that day to endeavour to still further lmprove the standard of their work He also drew attention to two very noticeable faults, one, the :tbsence of smartness and cleanliness of dress and equipment on the part of some orthe detachments the other, th.at many of them were still wearing the Gene, a badge instead of that laid down fur stretcher bearers lI e stated his remarks were kindly and h e trusted Lhat they would be received in that spirit, 1\ speCIal word of praise must be accorded to the llonorary Secretary, Surgeon Capt. Rory Fletcher for the very excellent arrangements he had made for carrying OLI t the competi ion.

Arb. 203

3n fin enlori an1. WILLL-\:'I JOH':'; HU:-;TER HON, SL'RGEO:-.J, ST, A:-lBULA:\CE BRTGADE.

I :-; :-;o\'en'ber, 1 "96, the portraIt and sketch of Dr. Hunter appeared in this Journal, and we noll' h:tye to mourn his death afler a \' er), short illness, ,\lthough Dr. II unter !::ad only teen connened II ith the St. John "\mbulance Brigade a com para· ti\'ely short period, yet his genialiLY and amiability baJ gained for him the e ,; i 111 a ion and friendship of all t!tose wh o came in 10 contact "'ith him, This sudden loss will come as a great shock to tbe I1hole of the :'IIetropolitan Corp:>, especially to those \\'ho were more intimately associ:lteJ \lith him in the work of the St. John .-\mbulance ond St. John .-\mbulance some of whom were 111 only a few days before his death, when he was apparently In good health. Hewasa member of the FxamininoBoard of the :'IIetropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, the current year. 'What endeared him to his brother officers was the faCt that he was a good comrade in the highest sense ?f the term, and It IS In thiS respect that they will feel that there IS a that cannot easily be filled.

To. hIS Wldol\' we beg to present our most 5incere sympathy, knomng the same time that in tbe course of a practice at Clerkenwel,l, laStlll,g, about a quarter of a century, Dr. Hunter has made a legIOn of friends who deeply sympathise "'ith her in he r sod ;tfflictIOn,

The funeral took pbce at Abney Park Cemetery on the 16th ult. and \\'as attended by about fifty officers and men of the St John .·\mbulance Brigade, and many of the :\ ursing- Sisters were present at the serrice in St. ]ames's Church. On lealina- the church the cortege was headed by the _-\mbulance Brigade as far as Agricultural Hall when the ranks opened ou t and turnmg III \Yards permitted the long procession to pass through. The men were then marched back to headquarters and Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, Superintendents Trimmer and Boker entered a brougham and proceeded to the cemetery. The service at the church was taken by the Re\', J, H, Rose, \'icar ofSt.james·s,and the Rev, T, W, Wood. Re cto r of St John's, The former, who was reco\'eri ng from a recent illnes s was deeply affected and evidently felt most acutely the loss of one of his earliest: friends in the parish. The sen ice at the graye was taken by the Rev. J, E. Wakerley, Wesleyan minister, one o[ Dr. Hunter's colleagues on the Board of Guardians, In feeling terms he referred to the loss sustained by the family and asked that strength might be given them to stand against the blow. His remarks were very earnest and very touching, and many an eye was moist afterwards as the larg-e crowd around the grave passed in procession in order to take a last look at the long resting place of one who hod laboured among them for over a quarter of a century, and who, during- that time, might be said to have never made an enemy, May he rest in peace.

EXTRACT FROM A LANCASHIRE P.\PER.-Jack thought some ambulance students thought too much of their uniform, anJ less o[ studies, and in proof of that he had heard of a poor fellow ho had had the misfortune to meet with an accident in the street, by whIch he broke a leg, being kept waiting in the street an ombulance, man, had no uniform on A certain ambulance man was called to the Inlli1'ldual in question, and the enthusiastic student after hi,msl'lf that it was an hospital case, said to the bystanders "'Bele, I1lll1d hIm wIll you while r just run and get my cap."

IPortrait <Baller!!.

FIR S T A ID

The idea of international arbitration on a ny point that might lead to war, is one that ha s long occupied the mind s of ph ilanthropi sts and all th os e who desire to ayert the direfLll consequences of a conniet between two or more great nations, and it may be asserted that some progre ss has b een made of late years, as witness the recent attempt to forn: an arbitration treat,' between thi s country and the Ul1lted Stat es alld also tl1 e interference of the Powers in settling the te'rms of p eace b e tween Turkey and Greece. It is, com para tiyei y, an easy matter for one or more of the Great P ower s t o intervene betwe en two weaker powers, but whether any Power would be s trong enough to :lrbitrate bt:tw ee n, say, France and Germany, o r England and Ru ssia , is very doubtful, and the existence of the immeme standing armies on the Continent does not s how that any great relianc e can be placed upon it. But notwithst2nding what our ruler s think and do, we ought not to be deterred individually from doing all that is p ossi bl e to impro\·e and increase the friendly relations betwe e n other nations and our eh'es.

Although it is a long jump from international arbitratio n and ambulance, yet on examination it may be possible to discover that we, in our little world, may be able to do so mething, hmvev er s mall, to he lp on the cause. In another column will be .o und extracts from a l ette r written by the President and Secretary General of the S eco uri stes Fran c;a is (COl responding to our Ambulance A ssoc iation ), com'eying a cordial invitation to our representati\'es to yisit them with a squad of men, but unfor tu n ate ly the offe r could n o t b e accepted on account of Jubilee week intervening. 0 n behalf of the Engli sh ;ll11bulance we thank them, and hope that at so me future time they may fraternise and me e t in friendly rivalry.

A socie ty has been formed, called I( L'Entente Cordiale," for the development of more cordial relations between the United Kingdom and France, and we cannot do better than quote o ne se ntence in th e pro spectu s ;_ " I gnora n ce is the cause of many difference s which may appear to exist betwe e n the two nation s , and a mo st effective way of di sp e lling that ignorance is to make Frenchmen c1l1d Englishmen better acquainted with eac h other's country, soc ial customs, " nd political institutions."

Surely it is a grander and nobler idea to yie Y\'ith other nations ill tryi ng to save life, and in finding out the be s t means of Su cco uring tho se who are s ufferino' from accident or iUne s'3, than spend i ng time in lhe best weapon s by which we can kill and muti late each ot her.

Efforts s uch as th ese made by Ambulance Societi es in all parts of the world and by the Life Saying Society, a report of whose grand exhibition last month is given in these are what we ought to try alld improve o ur selves lll If anything :omes of international arbitration. ambulance may be only a s mall tepping sto n e, but If It h e lp s Europ ea l111ation s to under st and each ot her more thoroughly it will do so me good in the world.

T rYSHELF.- The in spect o n o f this am) adjacent Corp s to o k pla c:: at Ri s ley on July 31st, tbe In s r ec ting Offi ce r be:ng Surgeon-;\ IajorC.e ne ral 1 ay lo r, A.M.S. AL h e co nclu s io n th e p r in c ip a l orficers and cnterta!lled by I\[r. and Mrs Terah Ernest B ooley. <Urlher parLlcular s wdl appear next month.

HON. DFC,TAL METR OPOLITA:\' COR PS S ['. A:\(BUL \ "\"CE£ BRIGADE

T HE portrait appea ring in our Gallery this month is that of a much esteem ed officer i n the Metropo li tan Corps St J ohl1 Ambu l ance Hri. gade H on Dent al Surgeo n had not been long in the Ambulan ce Brigade before he had succeeded 10 making a host of friends who were not slow to rec ognise his genuine and sterling worth.

Of a warm and generou s-hearted dispo sition, eyery good moyement started in connection with the Corp s, haying for its object the relief of suffering, alway s received his support and hear t y co-operation, and it was with deep feelings of regret that his brother officers learned that, owing to the precarious nature of hi s health, his medical advisers h ad recommended him to take a \"oyage to the Cap e , in which country they , ugge sted he should remain some months in order to thoroughly recruit. That he is mi ssed goes WIthout say ing, not only by of the J oh11 Ambulance Brigade, but by the kindred Corps - the City Police, the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, and the Lond on Salvage Corp s, and many are the wi shes expressed for his speedy and safe return. Since his departure he has fr om time to time de spatched most intere s ting letter s home con\"eying his impr ess i on s of the countries through ,\"hich he has trayeUed, and at no distant period it is hoped to publi sh his Diary, when we are sure FmsT A ID readers will be equally intere s t e d in his narratiYe as " 'e re the recipient s of the letter s That the period of hi s home-coming may not long be delayed, and a ss uring him ora hearty ,yelcome as soo n as he elects to return to his native land, is a wi 'h and a promise that we may safely express on behalf of :I.ll of those who haye the pleasure of YIr. Albert's friendship

1HationaI jfire :fJ3ri(Jabes' 'Ulniolt.

REVIEW OF FIRE BRIGADES AT BY H.;\ THE

\V1N DSOR was en/c/e all Jubile e week,-but it is doubtful wheth e r any event cre nted so mu c h interest durinO" the time as the review of the Fire Briga d es in th e Home Park, on June 25th, by the Queen. The Wind sor Festiviti es Committee and the National Fire Brigad es' Union were r es pon s ible for the arrangements, C.O T G. Dysoll, WindsClr Fire Brigade repr ese nting the former body.

A detachment of the St. John Ambulance B r igade, under th e command of Brigade Chief Supe rintend e nt Church Brasier, was in attendance with an ambulance wagon a nd hospital tent. During the day several cases of fa i n t ing and exhau s tion were treated. Dr. H e nderson, Chief Officer of the Rickmansworth File Brigade kindl y ac ted as Medical Orfi cer. The Pre s id e nt of the Union, IIis Grace the Dl.lke.?f M a rlb o rough accompanied by Sir Eyre i\ l assey Shaw, K.C.B ., MI SS and :'lr. [ an :'Ial co ll1l, i'lI.P., in s pected the ho s pital tent, & c. , and expressed him se f highly pleaseu with thc arrangements th ,lt hau been made by the Am bulance st aff. Grea credit is due to 1\1r. T. G Dyso n for the admirable manner in which he organised and managed the review, and was well backed up by the Sport s and F es tivities' Committee anu the ocal briCTades illr.

A. T. Bar be r and 1\ [ r. L. T Riches (hon sec.) commg 111 for a good share of the work. It was w Lh o u t doubt o n e of the most successful F ire Brigade Review ever h e d.

\tbe ']life Saving

DIAMOND JUBILEE INTERNATIONAL CALA

GALA EXECUTTVE.-Chief sLe ward, Guy M. Campbell; stewards, E. R. Du Parcq, J. R. Ilan so n, IV ll. lI orde r F. Kreuz e r , P. Ni sbe t, G. J. SLrickland, C. Wheeler; handicapper a nd starter, A. Hud so n; c he c k starter, vV. 13. Norris; judges fo r h a n d caps A. Lang Gieve, C. Crute; judges for mile c hampi o n s hip, C. E. Ma crae , W. Bufton l\'" orr is; rderee, G. H. Rope; timek eeper , C. Va lIunter, C.C.; standard t imekeepers, W E. Bull, E. J. Ta c '<lev H o n. Sec. S.C.A.S.A. ); judges o f diving, W Henry, W. E Bull, Wi liam Wil so n; water p o lo referee, A chd. Sinclair; contes t manag e r, W. E. Bull; comp eti to rs' W. G G r imw oo d, ]. E. May, E C. Skinner; h o n. tr eas ur er, Edmund V. Salaman ; han. sec re tary, William H en ry. In telling the story o f the Diam ond Jubilee Ga la hel d by the Life Saving So c iety on t h e 3rd fuly, and of the visit o f all the fo reign and co o nial swimmers, it is d es ira b le to place on record the tr ue course o a movement which, in whatev e r light itmay be regarued, und o ubt ed ly CO llstitutes an epoch in the hist o ry of the art of swim m ing-. ,Vb et h er th e act io n of the S oc iety in se nding invitati o n s to organised bodies promoting the art o f swimm in g in a ll p arts of the w o rltl he approved-as by the unanim ous voice o f the press and generally it h as bee n -as a bo ld and brilliant und e rtakin g, or wh ethe r it be d enou n ced - as in some quarters , it is sa id, it has bee n -as a wanton abuse o f power, one fact s tand s prominently to th e [ore and that i s, th e genera l desire to help a good ca u se and p ro m ote a bro th er h ood amongst sw imme rs of all nations and thu s further extend the beneficia aims and objects o f this eminently useful institution. For good or for evil-who can d o u b th e former-t h e act i on and success of the soc ety h as

RAISED THE ART OF S\\'DIM f)!G AT A BOUND from infancy to maturity, or from nea r obsc urit y to prominence, to th e position it sho uld occ upy as o ne or the ch ef subjects of p!lysical training n sc h oo ls, &c. I n the li ves o r institutions, as of men, there are eve nts th at ca n never h ap p e n more than once and h e wonderful gathering at t h e 'V es t I ndia D ocks, i s probably o n e o f these, graced as the occasio n was by th e presence or the President, H.R .E. th e Duke o f York and 11.R.H. the Du chess o York, with wh om were Dr ,V. Collingridge, first president o f th e society, W. II Grenfell, Esq., past acti ng president, Lady Cranborne, The Ri ght ll on. Viscount Knutsford, who had t h e pleasure of see in g hi s son, Th e lIon. Sydney B o lland acting president of the soc ety , co n d u rt the g reatest an d most representative meeting ever h e ld in co nn ection with swimming. Amongst the th o u sands of interested spectators there were MANY OF THE nEST K 'OWN MEN AND WOM EN of various n at ona i ti es wh o willingly promote the k n o wledge of swimming, n ot so much as a sport, but for its intri n s ic value a s a mean s o r preventing loss of li fe by drowning, and as o n e of the best kn o wn a n d most u sefu l o f a ll physical exercises. The list of com p et it o r s was also of the best, as it included amateur champ ons from all partsof the globe and ::early everyone who ha s m:.de a n ame in the world's hist ory o f the art as a swimmer, and it s pleasing to add that of this large number not a sing e foreign or colo nial represenlatil'e wh o sign ified his int ent ion of com pe t in O" was an absentee. A ll who entered com pe teu and the r eby helped to increase (if that was possible) he imp ortance of the occas ion a nd thus awaken enthusiasm in the man y s il ent yet ardent workers wh o are mainly responsible fo r th e r es ults t h at hal'e bee n atta ined, and the g lo rious p osi ti o n the soc e ty occ upie s to-day. The success achieved is the true s t ju st ifi cation of the action of lhe soc iety in

ORGANTSING THIS WORLD 'S GA LA, as it is also its hi g h est g lory in the fra nk and fea rl ess discharge of it s duty to th e art of s wimming and the object o its founuation so royally and un an im o usly app r o ved. Th e p la n s for this great gathering were prepared as early as August, r 896, when th e date was fixed and p ermiss ion for the u se of the Docks ob a in ed [rom the L ondon and India J o int Docks Committee, whi c h bJdy of gentlemen have allvays be en m os k nd y di s p ose d o tbe soc iet y, and whenever possible willingly rend ered most valua b le assistance. Th e preliminaries be in g settled a special meeting o f h e Exec utiv e wa s h e ld , wh e n it w as decided to issue invitati o ns to all known bodies pr omot in g sw imming in all parts o r the world and the fo llowing lett e r wa s dra ft ed and di s pa tc h e d on January 16th, 1897

"Dear Sirs , - To mark the R ecor d R e ig n of lI e r Most Gra cio us Majesty the Queen, ce le brat ons o n a n ext ens ive sca e will be held during July and August, and thal sw immer s g en era lly may parti c ipate therein, the e x ec utive of this socie ty intend to orga ni se a grand demonstration at which the art o f s wimming anu li fe.sa ving will have an op;,ortunity o f being fully represented. Believin g that swimmers in all parls of the world wo uld like Lo m eet on this occas m the executive beg to tend e r their most re s p ectf ul compliments and extend to you and all your s wimmers a m os co rdial illvitation t o tak e part in the various sw imming and di ving com peti lions to be held in L o nd o n on Saturday

the 3 rd July, 1807 Tru sting the subject will meet with your m o st favo u rable co n s lderalion, and that the exec u tive wil l hal'e the honour of entertaining- overs of the art of natation from a ll parts of the world.

" I am S ir s, yours faithfully, " F or th e Life Saving Society, W1LLlAM IIENRY, H on. Sec."

The c.;ifficulty of furwarding this letter to the I'arious h eads of soc ieties and associations where aduresses were not obtainab le, was overco me b y th e letter being addressed to them

THHOUGH TilE YAR]()(lS LEGATIONS AND in L ondo n , and it is pleasing to be able to state that in due course the invitati o n s reached their destinations and were considered by therespectiv e bodies in vited. A \ ast amount of correspondence then e n s ued promi ses ?r S.lI PpOlt were received At the request of v a n o u s o gal11satllJns on the Cont1l1cnt, the programme, conditions of rul es of 1\ 5., governing the various races w ere tra nslat ed mt o French, German and Swedish and forwarded without delay. Tbi s correspondence was conducted day by day up to a mont h befor e the even tful dat.e, by which time thc officers of the society were sur e that he maJonty IIwlted would be present. In Australia matters progressed most fa\'ourably. After the New South \Vales Amateur Association had decided to send representatives to Englan d meetings, galas, and co ncerts were organised to raise fUfids to pay the expenses of the journey, much enthusiasm was aroused, and in a very s h ort time the cost of the undertak ing was g-uaranteed. I S a result, Messrs. Percy Ca viII, East S.C. (d istance champion of .\ustralia), and J. Hellings, Bondi S.C. (short distance champion of New Sout h ,,yal es), left the m o ther country by the s.s. Oriza/a, accompanied by Messrs. V. Lindburg and T. Gunning and, after a pleasant voyage, la nded at Tilbury on Friday, June r " and were received by the lI on. Sec. o f the Society. Prior to their arril al the officials had the pleasure of welcoming the Zeabnd amateur champion, :'.lr. 'Y J. Stratton On the day of the arril·al of the Australians, A RECEl'TfO)! "'AS HELP at A Tldert on's H o tel, which was presided ovcr by ;\Ir. G. II. R ope, Pre side n t of the English \ mateur Swimming Association, who welcomed the Colonials to England, and assured them all that they would be well l ooked after and entert;lined. and expressed a hope that when they left for ho me, they would carry back many pleasant recollections of their s ay in England. The London Water Polo League was represented by the P resident, :'l r H. Benjamin, and :'Ilr. Sydney :'lonks, Hon. Sec., and the chief Metropolitan Cluhs were also represen ed by prominent members, and the Life SaYing Society by tbe majority of its executi ve and one or two lice-preside n ts; duriGg the cvening te legrams of w elcome w ere received from all parts of the United Kingdom. Speeches were made by l\lr. \Y. B. Xorris and W. Henry for the Life Saving Society, H Benjamin for the London W ater Polo League, \1'. J. Innes and E. 1. Tackley for the Southelll Counties ASk and replied to by l\les srs Cavill, Helling, Lindberg, and S tratton,as tbe Colonial visitors, amongst wh om Ernest Ca\'i1I, the Australian professional champion, wa s incl ud ed, who also replied to the welcome th lt lIas accorded him th at evening. Tbe next few days were spent by the visitors sight-seei ng and on J ul-Jilee day they viewed the R ))"al Procession and ceremony from seats provided for them by the Executive, in front of St. Paul' s C:tthedral. Xext day the whole of the party were Iecated at the \Velsh H arp, lIendon, '\1 r. Walller ha, ing kindly gil·en permission for Fln:E SE OF THE SPACIOlJS LAKE and necessary b')ats tu :\[essrs. Cavill and lIellings, in order to prepa re fu r the event of tb e season. [)ul'ing- the week prior to the eventful day, vi s it o r s <lrri l ecl allllost daily, the last be in g Lhe twelve Swedish divers, wh o land ed at Tilbury on the morning of the 3rd July, and were taken by specia l train direct to the Docks, arriving on the course about 2 p.m., together Wi th the following teleg-ram :-" So far as can be the has lIOt passed LIp. ILlI e asked the station - master at Tdbury o facilitate transfer of the twelve Swedes to train, in face h:we sent him your wire. 1 [ear Lbey will not be in time for display," The r eason o f thi s telegram may be explained as follows :-On Friday it was reported that, o win g to tog in the Channel, the Thu/e w ould be late,. hence tele grams w ere dispatched to various points asklllg the :luthontle s to fa ci litat e the of tbe Swedish dil'ers.

JUST BEFORE TIlE VESSEL CA?>lE 1:'< SlGHT, the at ol'e telegTam was dispatcbed, it s delil ery being delayed owi ng to th e fact th at the Hon. Sec. bei n g engaged on the of the co u:-se dire c tin CT th e final arranCTements. Once landed, It 'I'd be see n With what these g-entlemen were taken to the course.. 1 will be readily und erstood that thel e was a amount ot work to be do n e, and o meet the demand, keep pace With the corresponde n ce, and applications [or seats, extra cle, ica l starr had to be engaged, a nd 111 thiS re spect everything passed ofT On ,V ednesd'IY, the Hon. Sydn ey lI ollanu \ ctina PreSident, a n d the Il o ll ec. were both s ummon ed to YOI'·k to meet the President, H.R.II. The Duke of Yo k to set tl e l'arioLls dcla il s a nu gi ve an accoun t of the arrange ments, all of' whi c h wer e approl'ed. The intervi ew te rm inatin g, both travellea

SUPI LEMEN T TO FIRST AID .

direct to the famous ship-building yard of :'ITes.srs. Yarrow &: Co '\Ir. Yarrow having already kindly promised to aSSISL the Executive by the loan 0f a tmpedo hO:tL :tnd his pri\'ate hunch, the Dlltra. II.R.H

The Duchess of YOlk, h:t\'ing expressed

A J)E::;TRE TO T[{A VEL TO THE ])]SPLAY hy water, :trrangements were made. to start. from \Vestminster Pier, but as there was a doubt as to the time the Journey would occupy, a rehearsal was decided upon, amI accordingly, on Friday, a Farty consisting of the t\cting President, the IT.on. Sec.,' Yarrow, and several Continental competitors left Pier for tbe ,Docks, and 11roceeded at full. speee! ?own the n:·er. The g:t:es bemg r.eached, everythin<Y 111 readiness, and JIl a few minutes "fter p:tssJllg the <Yates the"Cillll'fl steamed into the course. Notwithstanding that two dock {Tates had to be opened and two railway rridges swung out of t.he way, to admit of 'passage of the the time proved factory, and the position of the In the course deCided upon, tllal of departure was made and all detaIls settled, a messenger to the President that the arrangements for the Journey proveJ.1l1 every way satisfactory. On returning to the office the [Jon. Sec. discovered that the tickets, notices, &c., required at the gates, had been lost .m transit on the Torth \\'estern Raih\ay, telegrams were at once diSpatched in every direction, 1be gooJs yaros were \'i sited, and every effort macle to the missing parcel, but to no purpose; therefore no <:ourse was open hut to be early at the Docks,.orJer extra. men. to take tbe moncy at the gates, and to meet thiS contingency extra barners were put up, alJd with some TACT ON THE PART OF THE K\ECllT1VE a crush was prevented and the spectators \\ere easily admitted, numbers of whom arrived as early as 12 noon, and at 2·35 e\erythll1g was in readiness to receive the Royal party. \"ith the twenty-two teams, named on the programme, in their respe c tive. places on platforms rounJ the course, and a great display o( buntlllg, every shIp for nearly a mile round being decorated, the scene presented a ,rem,arkably fine appearance. Fortunately the afternoon was fine and bnght, and long before the royal party arrived the \'essels ,alongside of the rourse, kindly lent the Society. as. stands, anl! t.he quay were throngeJ with people, while Il1 the nggmg of SblpS moored m adjacent basins their respective crews bad swarmed. At the end of tbe course next the competitors boat lay the :Jadu/aw, one of the new gunhoats built by Messrs. Yarrow & Co., and this was utilised a stanJ for a large party of nurses from the London and Poplar Ho.spltals, who drove on to the course in three pair-horse brakes, eacb seat1l1g a party of twenty-five, all attired in the well-known costume, and when t?e proceedings commenced, close upon r 3,000 spectators had been registered on to the course. Amongst

THE INVITED GUESTS on the llobscall, there were the representatives of Societe ationate de Sauvetage de France, Mon. Taillant, chief of the Delegation, M. Axels de Villeneu\'e and Chevalier Lumley, c.n., and several members holdin<Y the French Diploma of Elonor, with their splendid standard, which held by a member of the Corpslo[

Representati\'es of the Royal Belgian Life Savll1g Society (UnIOn et Cons:ance). The Ladies International Society had at its head Vicountess de :vlontOeure, who is also president of the ladies section of the Cote d'or; Dr. Boman, head of the Swedish section; Sir Herbert C. Perrott, Bart., Chief Secretary of the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England; Dr. Milnes-Hey, Hon. rnspector of the French Society; l\1 r. John F. Bon ney de Bois Angers, D.N'.; Count Lewenhanpl, En\'oy Extraordinary. and Minister Plenipotentiary for Sweden and N orwayl; Count ,Vachtmelster, Attache Lo the Swedis h Legation; Re\'. Palmer, Chaplain to the Swedish and Norwegian Legation The Duke and Duchess of York embarked on hoard i\1r. Yarrow's swift torpello boat at 'Nestminster Pier at 2 o'clock, and were quickly taken down the river into the Dock gates, where the launrh Gill ira with Dr. 'IV. Collingridge on board, was lying in waiting

READY TO I{ECEIVE THE lWYAL PARTY, and whilst the water between the DoC'k gates and the course was being levelled up, the change from the torpedo to the launch was effected, and punctually to the time the Hon. Sec. announced that the Ci71b'a was on her way to t'le course. Gracelu1.y she steamed along Lhe centre of the clear water amid the cbeers of the spectators, who, accompanied by the band of the Tower Hamlets R.V., sang the National Anthem, concluding with three hearty cheers. The plaudits were grac ious ly acknowledged, and the attention of the distinguished visitors directed to the twenty-two teams standing at attention on the platforms. O n a signal from the H on. Sydney llolland, the display of the methods of rescue, &c , was commenced (five or six minutes after the appOinted hour), under the direction of Mr. 'IVilliam IJenry, Hon. Sec. of the Society, from a boat occupied by himself, Mr. A. Sinclair, co-fo u nder of the Society, and Mr. \ Villiam 'IiVi1son, of Glasgow, inventor of the dr ill

The order of the display and teams was as follows :-

whereby th e drowning person is prevente d turni n g rOllnd or hO.lding the rescuer. ..j..-An easy method of carryll1g one In t he wa t er; sUltaLI<> for renderin<Y assistance to a tired swimmer (1)) II ow to lelease oneself from the clutch of the drowning 5.-Tr held by the 5. - If clutched round the neck.

7."-:-rr clutched round the beldy and arms

PART Ir.-Four methods of rescue and rele;ue in the water (as taught upon land by the systel? shown in Part 1). S.-lIow to effect a release if clutched by thl: wrists, and how to hold, turn on the back, and carry to shore a person \vho may quiet and passivc when being rescueJ. 9.-lIow to effect a release If clutcced round the neck, and how to O'rip turn on the IJack and carry to shore a person who may be struggli';;g.'

IO.-LIow to <1. release if round the hody, a so how to rescue a person whose arms he dlrficult to bold, and who may be vio!t.:ntly rr.-An extremely of carrying a person In the water; SUItable [or asslstll1g a tired SWimmer, or one suffering with cramp.

PART Ill.-lIow to revive the apparently drowned. The Sllvester method of resuscitation. The following are the principal points to he observed after tbe p;ttient has been lifted ouL of the water. I:l -.Turn the patient on his right side and clear the moutb, throat anJ nostrils, to allow the air to entcr the lungs. 13.-Pull the tongue fOI ward and fasten it so that it does not fall back into the mouth and stOll the air passages. q.-l nduce anificial respil:ation .by means of ,< SIlvester" method r5 -EndeavoLll to restore CirculatIOn and promote warmth by friction.. Demonstrated hy the follOWing teams :-Surrey Commelclal Dock,S

S.C C. Gould, ,:\. IlY<lm, \Y. Gould, 'IV P. I Westminster L.S. Class, ,\ Wha.rton, J. Botten, W. J. A Mac:\all)\ I nstitute, J. Llnton, G. Woodham, \Y. 1mpey, J ::it. MathlaE S.C., C Simpner, T1. toncham, L\ 15 eens, \VIIltams; f:ondon and India Docks S.C., W. Greenland, Ii. H. SLrlckson, S. \\ood, J. Savill; Goldsmiths' Institute S C , T. G. W, J ,L. I\Illne, J Smith C. H. Worrell' South-East Postal S.C., J. C. l'lshenden, E. W. J. Peake; J. J. r\nspach; St. Coli School, lJ. 'Williams, L. Chapman, 11. ,\ndrews, J. L\. lIalTls; raclfic S.C., T. Bull, H. Smith, G. Leescn, G. Bull; COhl!rg Road. Board School, J. Belsey, W. Stone, J. Cromer, P. CarJall; South AfrIl'<tnlJo,useS C., E II. Taylor, B. Perren, i\. II. "Perl, A. Ward; St: Andlew s IIome S. C., A. T Ilasker, C. Scott, J. Alcock, 'IiV. (,arraLt; Institute, J. S. In'ing, \Y. Cosby, S. Keens,. II. \\ est I}am School Teachers, IV. ;Ylanhood. 1\. T: Tlll ner, 1. \\ J. ay; Islington Veetry Officers S.C., D. Whitney, J. C. A Bagshaw; LOllllon ,Llld rndia S.C .' Atkmson, F. Cashmore, R. II. Thomas, E. H. Lewes; Goldsmiths InsLItute S.C., A. W. Palmer, E C Rowe, P. Still, ,,V. D. Street; West Ham School Teacbers C. Beal, J. \Y. Johnson, G. F. fIaslock, L. S .\ Iansfield; Dreadno:lght S.C., W. Strohridge, W. Edwards, \Y. Uoward, E. Trotman; Pacific S.C., G. White, W. W. Gleen, W. Barlass, S W. Turner Camberwell L.S. Class, R. Serrano, S. W. D. W. Fowler,'E. L. Buckle; 'IVhite Cross S.C., R. BaxLer, E. i'arren, II. Webh. C Strach.

T:-IE RACE.

Rising f:-o.m Tyers pu\leJ t2 front, with ,Derbysh ire Ja l VIS thlld, foepfer fourth and CavIll fifth. Neanng the end of tbe 220 y,u:ds CO;-II'Se, Tyers swam wide, and Derbyshire who followed a time occasionally looked up. The race between these f,:mous sWimmers conLinueJ exciting, not more than three yards them. At the quarter-mile, Jar\'is was noticed to be slVlmmll1g uncommonly. well, and at 70CJ yarJs, just as everyone expected to. see I?erbyshlre draw level With Tyers, be sudJenly stopped and was hOlsts.d Il1to a boat, amiJ the general regret of the spectators, partIcularly II.R.H. the DucbessofYork, who evinced great 111 the race At this time Jarvis was not more than five yards behmd Tyers Up next 220 yards Tyers swam more crooked than ever, and jarvIs rapIJI.>: overhauled him. Near the turning point was obliged to SWI rn across the course to reach the boat, Jarvis arnv.ll1g one second hefore him, they pushed off simultaneously.

Ty.el s now me do.wn the reverse SIde of the course, and Cavill bad retired, whIlst J arVlS remained in the cen tre, Tyers was far too wide, and .narrowly escaped contact with a colossal buoy and landll1g stage on Lhe oULllde of the course. Again he was several yards out of the propel: course when near the turn for the last quarter, the race down the prevIOus stretch HEfNG ESPECIALLY EXCITTNG.

l.!p the .final but one Jal:vis went well ahead, and Tyers twice collIded w.lth swm:;mers, but the lmlxlct was only trifling, and did not arfect the Issue. fhe race was now practically over, Jarvis could not he caught and was swimming' quite as fast as Tyers. Down the last length he made the most of his opportunity, and completed the 220 yards te;1 seconds faster than Tyers, winning amidsL great cheering by about 2) y,llUS. Toepfer swam a stern race very courageously, the same applying to IIawes, IJart anJ Naylor. TI.mes :-fyers, 220 yarJs, 3 mins. 17 secs.; Tyers, 4+0 yards, 7 mms. 25 Tyers, 660 yards, II mins. 25t secs.; Tyers,880

IS mms. +il-t secs Jan'is, I,roo yard,;, r9 mins, SSt secs Ja;vls, 2+. mms. I,3 secs ; Jarvis, r,5+o 28 m.ins. r5'5 secs., Jal VIS, I mIle, 32 mins. 28i- secs. Tyers, r mIle, 32 mlns

5+* secs.; Toepfer, I mile, 33 mins. 2+* secs. ; Hawes, mile, 34 mins. secs.; IIart, I mIle,,34 mIllS. +0* secs. Naylor, r mile, 35 mins. fhe complete result IS as follows :-J. A. Jarvis Leicester S.C. (Midland Counties Cnampion), 32 mins. 28% secs.,'r; J. [-I. Tyers, l'arnworth S.C. 32 mins. secs., 2; Toepfer, Poseidon S.C., of Germany), 33 m1l1s. 241, secs., 3

W. J Hawes, City of \Vestm1l15ter S.C., 3+ mins. 36i secs., 4;

B. A. Hart, Oak leigh S.C. (CbamJ;ion of America, r896), 3+ mins. secs., 5; F. H. Naylor, Grove S.C., 35 mins., 5 G. Wilkinson, Gorton, 7; W. Gallagher, Opersha\\', Whitworth, 8; H. F Clarke, Grov.e IIouse S.C., 9; Guy Seron, Brussels (Amateur Champion of BelgIUm), IO; G. F. Simmons, City of Westminster, II ; J. Horgan, Leander S.C., 12; R. F. B. Cross, Park S.C., r 3; F. V Moses, Priory S.C., 14; F. R. W. !::>Lanford, unaLLached, r5 Percy F. Cavill, East Sydney (Ch:lmpion of l\ustralia); J. ll. Delbysbire, Manchester Osborne; W. Brickett, York S.C.; J. W. Gladwell unattached'

W J. Stratton, Zephyr S.C. "

round after of the beartiest and most appreciative cheering. So great was the lI1terest manifested in it by the Duke of York, the launch ordered to be brought nearer to the diving p latform, In order that Highness and the Duchess of Yorkwho also the with evident pleasure-mie;ht have a betdter opportunity of wltnessmg the performances. In the" take off" an FLlGHT THRot'GH THE MR from varying from twenty to sixty feet, these splendid exponents appeared like a lot birds, in many remarked that they were more lIke on the Wll1g. Keeping their boJies in most graceful posltl?nS, With legs closed anJ arms oULstretched, not in front of bead as IS usually the case, but more in form of wings, and in this aLtItude they seemed to .one thought that they must fall flat on the water; but on arrIvIng \\'lthl11 five or six feet of iL tbe arms 'were suddenly shot and the di\'er sli pped into the without even. a splash. The display was so arranged that there \\'ere as many as SIX of these divers floatIng Lhrough the air at one time, Back wards and forwards, smgle and double somersaults were also gi\·en. and every movement pro\:ed that the memhers of the team were past masters of the art. ThiS display was so much appreciated by the Royal party that by speCIal request It was repeateJ Lo the cleliO'ht of the spectators, who at times '"

WEllE SO ASTOC'lISHED ,YTTH TI!WR FEATS that they to cheer. Besides being good di\ ers they are also fine their of an anchor, a star and a c.irc1e, heing particularly attractlve, espeCially as each one has a meanl11g, the first being a complIment to the navy, the second to the ladies, and the thirJ showed the unity of swimmers in all parts of the world, all of which were grace[ul.lyand Succeed in:; this display came the NatIOnal Dlvll1,g Competition, for Which 3+ competitors haJ entered, " hlch number 1S a record for an e\'ent of this character. Amongst the entrants there were representatives from Germany, Belgium and Sweden, as well as nearly all the best men at home. These were divided into five heats, the final resulting as follows:-

V. Sounemal15, Brussels, winner, 39 poinls; II. S. \farLin, St. James's (holder)" 38 points, i W. E. Webh, St. 3+ points, 3rd;

R. M. Green, flex, 332 POl11ts, 4th; J. H. Grafton, City of \Vestminster 33 POil:tS, 5th; L. A. S.kinner, Institute, 30 points, 6th;

A. Shll1ner, Polytechlllc, 29 pomts, 7th. The test comprised one standIng graceful dl\ e f,om helgbts not exceeding 3 feet, Ij feet, and 30 feet.

PART 1. -Rescue and Release Drill. (a) Showing the me th ods o f carrying a person in the water. r.-The ho ld of o n e who may be quieL and passive when being rescued 2.-The g ri p wh en the p erso n being rescued may be struggl in g violently.

It is pleasing to be able to. state that notWithstanding the large number taking part, not a sll1gle mlstake was noticeahle; every movement being executeJ WITH GREAT PRECISION AND SMARTNESS, and when the order" dismiss 11 was g i ven, the great cheering of the was more encouraging than the }Jraises of th.e experts The members of the teams will he pleaseJ to learn th,lt thelr efforts el;.clted many marks of approval from the Royal party .on board Umtra and that e very detail was closely noteJ their Royal This display was timed to occupy fifteen the actual tIme recorded was a minute less. ThiS passed, the ll1tcrnatlOl1al race for.tbe One Mile Championship was ann.ounced, and the greatest pOSSible excitement was observeJ as the foreign, colonial and home men were lined up for the start. The physiq ue of. each of the starters was closely sCl,"utinised, Percy CavIll, had r 2000 miles in his deSire to possess the BnLIsh Cha m plonshlp. J. 'B. Tyers, the holder, WHO HAS N E.VER BEEN llI!ATE::-1 1::-1 A [{ACE of th s character h e won his first S e r on. of B ru sse s, the Belgian Champion; A.rnold foepfer o[ Lle r; n, C h ampIOn of Ge r many; B. A. Hart, Ohamplon o.f men C;t; V\ J. S LI:aLtOn, C h ampion of I ew ZealanLI; ]. A. JarvIs of Champion of the M idlands; and the youthful J. II Del bys h ll'e of i\ Ianchester one of England's finest. reported to have accomplIshed some remarkable trIals whtlst pracLIsmg' for th iS event. Of the twenty e n tra n ts there was not one absentee, anrl having taken p l aces according to the number on the programme, of the SW im me r s was eas ily recognised by tbe numbered polo,c.ap wh ich number w ith theJ1 u mber on th e programme. 1 he Hon: Sec. hav1l1g up hi s p lace hy the side the ROy<ll launch , out. t he va n ous co m pet i tors to t h e P resldent,. and the wo.rd G? wa s g ive n t h ree 01 fo ur m in u tes a fter the conc l US ion of the Life Sav lll g D is p lay.

The winner of this race in addition to the handsome Association Medal received a Diamond Jubilee Souvenir from the Society III the form of a Gold :\[edal set with Jiamonds attacbeJ to a broad red which passed round the neck anJ was claspeJ in front with the h:ldge of the Society, the ribbon bein<Y inscrihed on the ri<Yht side" The Life Saving Society, President the Duke of KG'.," and on the left, t, Souvenir,Diill1lond Jubi ee Gilla"· the second and third in addition to the f\ssociation gold and silver received similar souveni.rs, but the medals were set with a diamond and pearls, instead of a ll dlamonJs; the next three had gold medals set with pearls only, but a ll mounted as above. It may be stateJ that these souvenirs were given the first three in e\'ery event on the programme Immediately the MIle had concluded the special International 100 yards Scratch Race was started, anJ amongst great excitemen twas eas:ly won by that

GRAND AUSTRALIAN SHORT DTSTA:::.rCE S,,'IMMER

J. He llin gs, of the BonJi Club, Sydney, by two yards fron; J. Hunt {Mayfie d), Manchester; D. H Logan (Leander), London, being third T h e fo ll owing also started :-H. W. Allason (Otter), London; R. 1\. Craws h aw ( Mayfield), Manchester; E. C. Smith (Leander), London

R. F Cohen (OtLer), London; and T Rourke, Salfo r d. Ti me of race m in II sees. The n ext event to attract genera l attent ion anu adm rat io n was tbe display of h g h extlemely gracefu and acrobatic d v ng by twe lve gentleme n ,' members of the Swedish SwimminO' Associati ons the team being composed as follows - E Lundber"; Stockholm S .A ; E. 'fjader, Stockho m S.A, A. Runstrom, S.A. ; A. S iegler, Stockholm S.A.; K y [ti l ler, S tockholm SwimminO' Society; J. Peterson, Kappsimning Club; E. Larsson, M. A., S .A.; O. H agborg, M.A , Upsala S A.; E K rantz, Upsa la S.A

E. A B ergh, Vesteras S.A. J. E. Viklund, GeRe S.A ; A. B roman

Ge Re S. A Apar t from the contests this p roved the mos t nteresting feat u re o f t h e programme, and t n o exaggerat on to say th at n oth ing to eq u a l i h as ever bee n see n in L on do n a n d t d rew fro m t h e

ox EXTERI:--lC THE \\'ATER each competitor had to ba\'e his arms extende ll in ad\'ance of his head the fore-fingers in contact, and the palms of his bands beld eithe: downwards or together. The thighs and legs from the hips to the big toes, had to. he.keptclosed the_ fee.t turneJ back unLil the instep was nearly In Illle With the sh1l1. 1\0 dn'e was counted Jurin<Y which the competitor deviated from the above conditions or turneJ on his back when entering the water. After SOLlnemans haJ bcen declared w!nner, and on repeated calls from the spectators, he kindly obliged With a splendid display of \'anous voluntary dl\'es, his effort from 50 feet was beautifully executed and much applauded. For the 100 Yards Open Handicap an entry of 80 competitors \\'as received. These were di\'icled into fom heats, the final being won by inches only by O. \Y. Payne, Polytechnic S.C. (r5 secs. start), from F. G. Robin son, :\"eptune S.C. (21 sees.), E. Hildred, York S.C (r 3 secs.), was third. A \'ery singular circumstance is worthy of notice, the nrsL three baving taken part in the first heat. 100 Yards Rescue Race (2 entr;es) was won by T. J. Savill and W. E. Wood, London anJ India Docks S.C., I\". W. Green and S. \ V. Turner, Pacific S.C., second; £\. N. IIasker and 'IV. Garratt, St. Andrew's Home, \ Yestminster, third R. ,\. Cra\\'shaw and G. White, Mayfield S.C., l\Ianchester, fourth. \Von by a yard, two yards between second and third. roo Yards Obstacle Race (28 entries). Z. Claro, City Police, 15 sees. start, r S. Ross, Shakespeare, 13 secs., 2 ; VV. Fewell, \Voolwich Polytechnic, 30 secs., 3; H. Salmon. York, 2+ secs., 4th. All the competitors were started in one heat, there being ample room on the big platforms pro\'ided by the Society. Olaro, who appears to be good at racing, won comfortably by a couple of yards.

AN EXHIBITION WATER-POLO between the People's Palace and the Yespians was well contested and proved very interesting; both sides did their best co give a good display of the game, which resulteJ in a win for the latter by 2 goals to 1. The time of the various events had been admirahly kept throughout, the last e\'ent concl uding within five minutes of the time fixed for the ceparture of the guests LO the banquet. The whole of the officials worked with a will, stuck to their respective posts and did their duty to the Society and the cause of swimming, and because of this ha\'e the gratification of ha\'ing achieved the greatest success recorded in the bistory of swimming.

THE INTERNATroNAL BANOUET.

Vithin an bour and a half after the conclusio; of the gala at the West I nd ia Docks, the whole of the guests, nUll1bel ing close upon two h undred were seated n the T hrone Room at the Holbom Restaurant, amongst .whom h e re were present the Australian, German, Belgian,

3.-A more certa in h o ld

SUPPLEMENT TO FIRST AID. [August, 1897.

Swedish, American, and New Zealand Champions as well as theJeadi?g swimmers of England, the represen latives of the and BelgIan LIfe Saving Societies and a larg e number of H on Sy::l?ey Holland Actin<r President of tbe S oc Iety was 10 the cha Ir. and thc vlcechairs by E. V. Salama.n, Treasurer of the Society; VV. B. Norris, lIon. Solicitor; A. Lang Gleve, Trustee; .E. J Tackley,. Hon. Secretary of the Southern Counties Amateur SW.lmm.mg and G. H. Rope, President of the Amateur SWImmIngThe chairman after dinner proposed the toast of" The Queen.. and after the singing- of the National Atl?-em, the toast of" The Prince of \Vales The Duke of York (our PreSIdent), and the restof the R?yal Family" was given, the united company singi?g ""God Bless th?, of \Vale s." Then came tbe toast !)f the evenmg Our Guests, whIch the chairman proposed in English, Swedish, German, and French, amid a scene which is

UNPARALl.ELED lN THE HISTORY OF THE SPORT.

The chairman mentioned that the Duke of York had stated that he and the Duchess of York had remained much longer th an they had originally intended, because they were so pleased with the and the Swedish divers. Hi s Royal Highness had asked hIm espeCIally to thank the Swedish gentlemen, and to convey the followi.ng message which was aiven in Swedish; "The Duke of York WIshes me to specially thanl you gentlemen for the grand display you have given us to-day ." A SImIlar message was also conveyed to the II on. Sec. for the general arrangements at Dr. Boman,of Stocko.lm, replied for Sweden. M. Souneman, w1l1ner of the. I?IVlllg Competition, for Belguim, A. ToepfeT, swam 111 the. mIle, for Germany, and J. Hellings for AustralIa. M. TaIllant, ChIef, of the French Delegation, speaking in his own language for the. [-; rench, said; "1\1. Le President, Ladies and Ge}1tlemen,--It IS WIth great pleasure and fraternal feelings. I beg retUl.-n the thanks of the French relegatIOns for the gratlfylllg manner ;n whIch our heallhs have been toasted this evening. Th is splendid reunion of SWImmers and life savers, gathered from all parts of Britain, Colonies, every European country, _ is due to the exertl,ons .of the. Savlllg Society of .Thls. of. to-day s Fete, WIth Its truly remarkable expenence ll1 SW lmmll1g, dlVll1g, and lIfe savll1g work, COMMEMOHATES THE JUBILEE of her Brittanic Majesty, your beloved S ove rei gn, and we are one and a ll proud to assoc iat.e ourselves. in this rejoicing The invitation of your SocIety, transmItted to us through our encrgetlc and devoted Delegate-General in London, M. Le Chevalier Lumley, we accepted with pleasure, and regret that the .ceaseless work of our Society alone prevented our PreSIdent, 1\1. Almond from sendlllg a larger delegation, but we have standard. bearing the our assoclatlon has receIved, are happy mdeed that ItS first VISIt to England was to honour. the fete of the Life Saving Society. 1 see beside me Madame La Vlcomtess de Montfieuri, chief of severa l important organisations for savi n g life and "Decore" by our Society I see at lea st two knights of St J ohn wearing their noble emblems of devotion . see the ladies who have graced the banquet with their presence, the brave English swimmers and life savers side by side wi th their comrades" out r e mer" and above all, the devoted officials of the Society with you, M. Ie President, at their head. As a slight expression of our ADYlIRATION FOR THE GREAT WORK accomplished by you a nd your grand Society, I beg to state that at a special meeting of the Executive Council held at Paris, you were unanimously elected President of II onour of La Societe Nationale de Sauvetage de France,' and tbe decoration conferred upon you with which I beg publicly to in vest you. In again thanking you for your courtesy and truly fraterna hospitality, your Secretary, your Officers , and your Society, I cry 'Vive Ie Sauvetage! Vive l'An glelerre! Vive la France!'" Then a deputation from the French Life Saving Society, consisting of ]\II. Taillant, M. Bonny, D.N., M. Axel de Villeneuve, M. Chevalier Lumley (Delegate- General), Dr. Milnes Hey, D.N., and Madame Ie Vicomtesse de Montfieuri (President Ladies' Section), Madame Lumley, and Mdlle. E. Davies surrou nc.ed the cha irman, and conferred on him the gold medal of honour of the French Society. At this juncture the cheering in different national sty le s, was at times deafening. This ceremony having been completed, the Chevalier Lumley, C.H., proposed the toast of "The Life Saving So ciety and English Swimmers." In the course of hi s remarks, having ob5erved that he felt it a very great honour to propose such a n important toast, he dwelt on the great work accomplished by the Life Saving So cie ty and THE SPLENDID SUCCESS OF THE FETE they had all just witnessed. He commented too on the [;tct that the gala particularly commemo rated the jubil ee of the beloved Sovereign of the Realm, H.M. The Queen, Empress o[ India, and declared that the Life Saving Society had received well-merited honour in the presence of their Royal Preside nt and the Duchess, an honour due in no small mea su re to tbe IIntiring exertions of Mr. Holland, and the capable and popula r ::'ecretary, Mr. William Henry, and it might be well sai d that "The roses of York were that day entwin ed around the escutcheon of the Life Saving Society of Eng land ." He knew, too, that there were present the leading swimmers of Eng land, 'Who had so

g reatl y disti nguished t hemsel ves, and concl uded by a s king all present t o join him in the toast. The first part of this was briefly replied to by Mr. \ "1. Henry, who tendered the thanks o f the Soc iety for the Su pport th at b ad been accorded, thu s maKing the day a memorial one , whil e G. H. Rope answered for Eng l ish sw immers. The prizes won the day were next presented, and when Jarvis went lip to receive h is medal and the beautiful souvenir trophy, presented by Mr. R T opping, he IIAn A BRTLLIANT RECEPTION

All the me da ls, WIth the exception of those for the ASSoclilt lon, [or th e mile c hampion s hip, were engl aved with the name o[ the winner and tim e, much to the astonishment of th e recipients. The toast of the" Chairman," by IV. B. Norris, ga ve r se to another extraordinary sce ne, the cheering be in g so prolonged that eventually it had to be stoppe d by the president, who replied in very graceful terms, thus bringing to a close a really grand internati o nal meeting whi ch will long be remembered by all who had the good fortune to be present. The whole of tbe following week the Executive of the Life Savina Society were busily engaged entertaining the foreign and colonia l visitors, wh o kindly came to England at the ir own expense, and by the variolls grand displays materially assisted t he Society in the success achieved at the Diamond Ju bilee Gala. AILer a well-earned rest on Sunday, M onday was spent sight-seeing about town. Tue sday afternoon many were taken. up the river, and the long dlst:tnce course was In spected In the evel11ng the whol e of ,the visitors w ere

TIIE GUESTS OF TRill OTTER S.C

at. the St. George's Baths, where an impromptu enterta inment was held in whi ch the Olters and the visitors took part Later in t h e evening a supper took place at the D otel \Vind sor, when George R ope, Pre sident of the A.S.A. and Otter S.C., was in the chair, and proved his ability as a lin g ui st by translating the Swedish, Germ tn, and French speec he s given in answer to a toast of "Our Gue s ts." vVednesday the whole party lunch ed at Flascati's Restaurant in Oxford Street and visited the Zoo, and on Thur sday they were tbe guests of another fashionable swimming in stit'ltion; the Bath Club, where the Swedes repeated th eir areat display of diving and floating. On Friday, at 12.30 p.m., the of the pany left Fenchurch Street for Tilbury, and were seen off by \V. Henry , lI on. Sec. of the S ociety; George Rope, President of the A.S.A ; A. A. Green, Southern Counties Champion; C. Val Hunter, C.C.; A Lan g Gieve, Vice-President of the Society; and C. Crute, Truste e The capta in of the Swedish team expressed himself delighted with tbe reception that was acc0rded them, and boped that they would soon have the opporLunityof returning the hospitality sho wn them, by the Society sending a team to take part in their festival in Sep tembe r next, when the swimmers of Sw eden will celebrate the 25th jubilee of their King and His :'Iajesly's sixtieth birthday. When the tender left the Thule the visitors called for three Swedish cheers for the LIFE-SAVING SOCIETY AND THE ENGLISH SW IMMEIl. S, which was heartily re?ponded to, not only by the learn of swimmers, but by the whole of the passengers on board, and the waving o[ hats, &c., continued until t h e vessel passed o ut of sight. L aler in the afLernoon the folluwing telegram was dispatched to the President o[ the Swedish Association of Stockholm;-" Team left lo-day by Thule. On arrival give them hearty thanks for their sportsmanlike actio n and sp lendid display.-Life-Saving Soc iety, London." A simil ar te le gram was sent to Germany and Belgium. The Souvenir medals, which cost over £60, presented by Mr. R. Topping, were greatly,admired by the whole of the re cipients and the Acting Pr esident of the Society, the latter having requested the Executive to forward to Mr. R. Topping a spec ial vote of thank s for his great kindness and generosity in making such a sp lendid pre sent. It is worthy of note, that two hourslafter the gala each one of the hand some sou venir s was fully engraved with the name o[ the winn er and the time occ upied in the various mces. By order of the Ex ec utive the following letter received [rom the Acting Pr eside nt will be sent to each individua mcmbcr of the life-saving teams who took part in the display, together with a so uven ir programme of the occasion

The letter from the Acting P!'esidcnt s as follows ;--

" Dear 1\1r. H enry,--l had no means of speaking to the life-saving teamson the'3rd of July atour splendid show. But II.R.n. the Duke of York as he was saying good bye to me, sa id: I especially wish you to say how pleased 1 was with the life saving show I th o ught it excellent."

H. R. H. wok a really keen interest in it, and so dill the Du chess of York, and every movement WiiS explained Lo them. 1 want to add my ow n thanks, if I may. I care very mllch to see our drill well done andon that d ay it was indeed well done. Every tea m kep t splendid time, all were smart and pz id attention to the written dir ect ions. I t was a grand sight as we steamed in to ·see al l the 22 teams stand in g at attention to receive our Pres id en t. I know that the Society o we a great deal to the members o[ the teams, many of whom came g rea distances o help, and I wish you please, as hon. sec., to convey to them my warm es t thanks and the thanks of the Soci e ty fo r their good nature and kindness in coming.-Yours fa ithf ully, "SYDNEY H OLLAN]), Acting President."

"P.S.-I ought to add that the foreigners pl"ese nt were so much stru ck with the smartness of the lire.saving show that they tell me they intend to introduce our method of teach in g and drill in their countr ie s "

August, 1897.J

FIRST AiD.

A MEETING OF THE CEKTRAL EXECUTIVE was held on Thur sday eveni n g at the offices, 8, Bayley Street, Bedford S quare, London. 1'.1r. W. B. Norris (Acting H on Treasurer in the abse?ce of Mr. E. V. Salaman, in Afri ca) subm itted the treasury report and It was resolved ,to pay outstanding accountsamOl1ntin<Y to £3 00 The Hon. Sec. subnlltted an application in due for the of a in New Zealand with head q uarters at Christchurch,.the applIcatIOn granted under similar rules to the one in New S out h "Vales, certIficates of enrolment were directed o be On the. report· of Mr. G. J. Strickland, member of the Executl.ve, who had Just returned from New Zealand, four members of Chnstchurch S.C. were a warded cert ificates and m eda lli o ns of proficlency; also eleven members of the King ston Y. \l. C A., and 33 at Examiners were appointed to act at Wellmgt?n, Hal.le;:bury, an? Framlingham College s, also West Ham Teac hers 'With reference to the re cen t display at the vVest I ndla Docks, It was stated that in every respect it HAD PROVED A DECIDED SUCCESS votes of thanks bemg to all th03e who b ad kindly assisted, als? to :\1aJ or. Walke; of L lverpo? l. for his generous gift of a Challenge for LIfe CompetItIOn amongst teams in Liverpool and dlstnct, o R. T,oppmg, fO.r his generous donation of£+2 to the Prize Fund, o the b rench. Savmg Society for the hon o ur conferred upon the SocIety by the Hon. Sydney H o lland as Hon. Preside nt, to the Belg Ian, German, and Australian Swimmer s and DIvers for theIr presence and assistance at the J ilbilee Gala. The for a return visit to Brussels were approved the team leavl?g L ondo n on the 23rd inst. returning on the 27th. inst. The held under the presidency of 1\1r. Charles Crute' MISS Anne Stov e, Mr s. J. Miles, Miss Kingst on, M essrs. A. II. T: M. Campbell, E. R. du .Parq, ]. R. Hn.rrison, E. C. Skinner J. .\Lty, C \Vheeler, IV. B. N or ns and W. Henry were also present.

EXA,\IINATIONS

-r: he last m?nth been an extremely busy one [or th e officers of the SocIety, for. m to the many com peti tions and displays near! y all the examlnatlOll.s 111 cor. nection with Schools had to be decided. The first to t ested beIng Be rk ham sted, where 33 scholars were passed. At .\VeHlngton 33 entered but only. 13 rece ived the award, whilst at I.hIleytury the very satIsfactory, in fact a record up to the tIme when Framlmgham s results were made known At the former 90 scholars we:-e en tered, and the judges declared 87 of these to be proficient for the certificate, and Dr. Savory up on the efficiency of the whole tlu s spendld result i s put into the shade by that from FramlIngham College, Suffolk, where a BEST 0:--< RECORD has created, and in order that the true state of affairs and the splend id effiC Iency of the class mn.y be understo oJ it will be as well to <rive the report of the examiners, whi c h is as follows _ '"

Dear Sirs , To the Executive of the Life Saving Society under instru.c tions, i'l1L J. W. Lemon and myself visited Framllngham .College on Fnday, 23r? In st., for the purpose of examining the sc holars .111 the art of LIfe Sa\,ll1g for certificates and medallions. Upon our ar:lval we were met by the genial hon. in structor Mr. E \Y. Lynch, who lI1formed us that previous to t he examination he would like show LIS the new leg and arm movement drill of the Society; about boys turned out m front of and went through the drill exceedIngly smart. Upon q ue stlonmg the instructor if there was ::npr?v!ment by. te:tching. this meth?cl, he he could not but help ?t ICl11", tbe mal ked Implove ment 1I1 the SWlmm1l1 g, more particllbrly WIth regard to the younger members, for by this drill an additional +0 had passed the test o[ the college and had obtained their l eav e that is had teen pass.ed by. the head master, as p.roficient over a course. sho uld lIke hel e to remarK that J:< ramlmgham has, as head master, one tha.t an to all th.e colleges in the Kingdom, he taking an actl \'e II1terest 111 the art of SWlD1I1l111g and Life Saying With such head masters and hon. ll1structors as are to be found at this coHe<re SWIM,\IING WO ULD 500:\1 REC01IE there. would be found at the .end of each year that dro\\,ni;l'g fatalities ,d conSIderab ly decreased. [he phenomenal success of this class of6oca n o nly be for by discipline and the careful training each has receIved,. 12 and.I.J- bours week ly being devoted toinby t.he energetIc and pall1staking instructor, 1\1r. E. V. Lynch. OLI m u st thll1k It extn.ordlntlry that every candidate 1\'::iS returned as H ere let me explain that 1 this year cbanaed the assistant exn.mll1er from 1\11'. A. G. Arnold to :'1r. J. W. whose work is well -known to the Society both as instructor and lecture: I personally expected that by the remarks he made to me previous to the exami nation that h c would endeavour to fai l some of the members if they were not hP to full form ;. however, I extremely p le ased that the lad s surprised as they dId me by T.helr smartness and perfect manner in which key went through the dnlls from Land Rel ease and Re s uscitation. ach boy was taken sepa rat e ly and examined up o n the II a ndbook, a

specia l point being made of the heart and 1 were also put and all , II d h ungs, severa l catch questions \YELL VER < ',s OWll1g that they were At t h e water d THE. \\ ORK HAD UNDERTAKE:>!. methods I 2 1 1 e\ el y glOh' nll1g subject was rescued. and the various capable of c :tnge ranks gone through. Each boy was of - f t b e lequ lred dIstances, and the sinkina to a depth :> ee was easy t o them as a d·- h db'" pounds to rese bl umm:y a een prepared weighing 80 e a Ill.a n and sunk In se ven feet of water. After the h Lemo 1 and myself made a few remarks to the head masters e maste' d hi success 'the I S an sc 0 ars congratulating them upon the f Yfihad obta1l1ed, they having now passed 60 for med111ions +4 0 1 certl c",tes and I' ,. -, 10- which 'h InStluctor s certificate, \\'Ith a grand total of reZord I tr p t em the hlg.hest college in the Kingde'I1l, which br'II' t ust wlll be II1serted In the next report of the Society as a .t l lahn. hexample of what can be done with sound tuition of this useful al 11' IC In years to b f class should he b" come may e.o sernce to any member of the I d h · e leqlllreu to render aId t o any person in distress dnd o not eSltate to say tIl t h '. .' d' h' a \\ oever It may be will acqUIt hansel! a CI e It to e LIfe Sa\'ln g Society.

" CHARLES R. O\\ RY, Examiner.

Dlstnct Representative, Life Saying Society, Norwich. the Society will suitably recognize the good work, for th Y. has splendidly, and by hIS work has made it possible !Ife saying will soon find a reco<Yni se d place in e\'ery sc 00 thus preyentll1g the great ann ual loss of life by drowni ng.

THE LIFE SAVING SOCIETY .

8, BAYLEY STREET, LONDON, w.e.

THE DIAMOND JUBILEE EDITION OF THE $ociet\?t s lbanbbook of 3nstructioll, For the Rescue, Releas e from , and Resusci t atio n of the Dro wn ing. Price, JO st free, 15. 1d JIembers half price.

OFFICIAL BADGE

OF THli:

:JUfe 5a\?ing 5ociet}?

In WHITE, BLUE AND GOLD ENAMEL. For use of Members, Holders of the Medallion or Certificate, Members of Clubs 01' kindred Associations affi liated to the SOCiety Price, (Post }'ree) 2 s. G ci.

1Aotes.

BY TOURX[QUET.

:'II AY add a few words in of my regret at the untim ely death of Dr. Hunt er. In common WIth many others I bad [or him a feelin<r of warm and friends.hip, a.nd I shall miss his genial smile. '1 trust the UDl\'ersal esteem 111 whIch he \"as held will (TO br to soften the blow which his berea\'ed family 11aye recei\·ed. '"

* *

I was present at the COlHest fo/ the Volunteer. \mbulance Shield. Beyond the 1\'ork of the t\\'o leading teams, the work of the other competitors calls for no speci:d mention. I was n Jt implessed, neither were thejudges I say. \"h en taking pust at the wagon, after they had plnced theIr pauent on the stretcher, the 2nd Hants. team started away at a running slouch, as though they were bent on cl[chin!! an early morn.ing trai? By the time they reached the wagon, tbey had 111 coYenng both themse lv es and theil' patient with duot -i f not WIth glory. It was one of the funniest things I e er saw.

The r emarks made by Dr. G iles be taken to heart by se\'era I competitors. Thei rappearance was anything but soldierly. The w1l1nlng team, and also the Bucks team were, howe\'er, a dec;ded exception to this, their g-eneral appearance and drill were smart, mOle especially was this noticed in the case of the former team.

'I.' *

'"

_ 1\1y hearty congratulations to Sir Edward Thackeray on the honour Her .\lajesty has been graciously pleased to confer up o n him. Since he first took command Sir 1,d ward ha s endeared him self to the Ambu!ance Brigade, and all who know him were pleased to h(ar that his sen-ices h ad been recognised.

By IlEATl).\I" C. HOWARD, L.R.C.P. LO:\,D.,

Dr. Cantlie's article on this subject in the June number of this Journal is close attention .of all those engaged in teaching ambulance work , and reply:ll1g to remarks, I hope that my claim to speak on.the subject will be adm itted, con· sidering that a great deal .of my time [or some years past has been delroted to teJ.ching, eX:lInll1l11g and JudgIng

I n the first place have to thank Dr. Ie for the trouble he has taken in brino-ina the matter fJrward, and If there are some POll1ts on which we do I hope tle discussion will do g?od to cause and help to furth e r the movement. If on eXa mll1.atlOn \I'e find that First Aid as at present taught a1.d defil?ed be Improved upon, .or can be properly divided into two p:1rts, First i \ld and Advanced Aid, then I think the sooner \Ie settle about teachIng the new system the There are many points in Dr. Cantlie's article that, I shou ld like to say something about, .but space at,n:y not permit of it, so for the sake of SimpliCity I will dl\'lde the 1I1 tO three heads, viz" the criticisms o f the surgeons on the compet ition work, next, the term First Aid, and la st ly, the term \dvan ced .-\I.d as useJ by Dr, Cantlie, and if I am wrong in any of my premisses I know that Dr. Cantlie will forgive me and point out my error. Th e rem:Jrk s o f die surgeons and especially of the senior surgeon to a large metropolitan h ospital who were present at the comp etitIOn at the Crystal Pal<lce to the effect that the work as there was n o t in reality First Aid work, are at first. serio us reflect on the present teaching, but think a little an::t!ysls w,[l expla1l1 them away. I can quite understand that surgeons who had n o t seen this kind of work before were surpnsed and taken aback to see wha could be done by first-aiders. ,-\nd yet \I'hat was the material that these men had to work with? but a few bandages and sp lints, and they w ere able with these two simple things to put up fractures and arrest hocmorrhage from almost any part of the b o:ly. Doubtless the surgeons would object to their using these, but they are only other names for handkerchiefs, neckties, braces, .and walk ing umbrellas, &c ,which I need hardly say can be obta1l1ed anywhere 111 a moment. Whether what they did then and what other men can do and do p\ ery day in the street is in reality First Aid, I will discuss under the next head. The surgeons might object to the time that was occupied in attending to the various injuries. I admit there is somethina in that, but it mllst he re11embered that that was a com petitIOn, a '1l1 men undoubtedly thought that neatness a nd efficiency counted for more than speed. It must a lso be remembered that in competitions like those held at the Palace, it is essential that all teams should start equal in equipment, and by giving each team some splints and bandages only they are all pIeced on the s ame level. Perhaps the surgeons would also object to the" military drill" as Dr. Cantlie calls it. Personally I do not care what drill it is so long a5 men can march through crowded thoroughfares in a proper manner, and if there is any other drill better suited for the purp ose I will support it, but I think that at present it holds the field. Dr. Cantlie has n o t told us the exact words of any of the surg eons, but I gather that the above contains the gist of their rem<lrks.

The next head of this subject is First Aid, as defined by Dr. Cantlie. Before l ooking at his definition, it is just as well to see what is generally meant by the term I do not kn o w that I can do better than refer to the text book of the St. john Ambulance Association, which was first written by the late Surgeon-Major Shepherd, who was an Army Surgeon and ought to know what Fir s t Aid meant. The book is called" First Aid to the Injured," and the treatment as there given is now carried out by all ambulance pupils In the introduction he says, "I have been aided by kind and able coadjutors, who have given their knowledge and experience." IVithout quoting other authorities I may take it that the First Aid treatment there recommended is that which is now taught, and I think on examination will prove to be similar to that defined by Dr. Cantlie. In order to find what difference (if any) there is, I must now give Dr. Cantlie's definition in his own worus-" A person injured in the middle of the street, in a coal mi,ne, near danger o us machinery, in a crowd, amongst burning and falJlIlg houses, wants prompt meaS71,res to stay further inj ury and sjJefdy removal. The pad at the back of the knee and on the elbow for from the foot and hand; the speedy application of a walking stick or umbrella to fracture of the l'eg, is the real notion of First Aid. Little, I may say, of any such manner of treatment was beheld at the Palace." Again he says, c The First Aid of the civilian corresponds to the work done on the field of battle by the men of the Medi ca l Staff Corps, advancing with the line of attack. Quickness and effectiveness are essen tial there, as the has to be carried out alm05t momentarily, otherwise. the touch with the attaCKing troops is lost. An aCCident at the crosSIng at the Bank should be viewed in the same way, and the most simple treatment should be carried ou t :;peedily." I trust I am right in assuming that these quotations mean

A I:b. [Augu st, 1897.

thJ.t treatment should ca rr iej out on t he spot , be fore s any remova l. But s t h is p03sible? It see m s to m e tha t those attempti ng to carry First Aid treatment in th e p osit ions mentioned would run more dang-er in receiving i njury themse ves or eve n losing- their lives than the men of the Medical Staff Corps would from the bullets of the enemy. I will treat each of these separa t ely. A person injured in the middle of the street or at the cross ing at tbe Bank could not possibly be treated where he fell, the police would not allow it, he must be carried to the fo')tpath, where the First Aid treatment can be applied either towards arresting h ,'C morrhage or putting up a fracture: may say here that any first-aider would be equally able to apply eIther th e orthodox splints and band<lges or h Uldkercbiefs and umbrellas Persons injured near dangerous machinery would first be emoved from this d a ngerous position and then first aid treatment could be properly appl ied. Persons injured in crowd are usually moved of the crowd for obvious reasons prevIOus to treatment,and I submit It wOllld be unwise on anybody's part to attempt to apply treatment amongst burning a:ld falling houses.

I can only think of one kind of case tbat would require immediate treatment and that is, injury to a main artery causing h cc morrhage likely to pro\'e fatal in a fe w minutef., and r have no doubt out th at any ambubnce pupil w o uld apply some kind of compression to the artery before he attempted to mOI'e him. I cannot ca ll to mind any other case that would suffer any material damage by be ing m oved a few yards to a position ,\'here first aid treatment could be applied properly and without undue haste, and that would be my definition of first aid treatment pure and simple In the competitions at the Pab ce all the competitors applied digital pressure at once whilst they got a o urniquet ready. The pads at the knee and elbow are In Shepherd's book, and it appears to me a matter of individual opinion whether an arte r y should be controllcd in this manner or by an handkerchief twisted round a limb

With regard to the tbird head of the subject, viz., Advanced Aid, I must candidly admit that do not see su ch a gap between it and First Aid as mentioned by Dr. Cantlie. He calls first aid as at present taught" elaborate," and perhaps it looked so at the P alac e to the surgeons who had not previously seen such wor k but it was only the result of practice, neatness and proficiency. Let me quote Dr. Cantlie again: "The teachers who supply such information are not teaching First Aid; we have not splillls and bandag-es by us in the streets, but have effective means of controlling such h cc morrhage by simple and ready means," and Dr. Cantlie tells us in a previous sentence that these "e ffective means" are walking stick or um b rella (and I suppose I may add a handker chief or two to fix them on with). I quite agree with him, but where is the gap? surely it is closed. If Dr. Cantlie's First Aid only consists of placing a pad at the knee or elbow for the immedillte arrest of h cemorr hage, then it is hardly worth while separating the subject into two part s for I think all o ther cases could be treated by Auvanced Aid. If Dr. Cantlie's friends the surgeons will consider these points with the light that has heen thrown upon them, I hope they will admit that their criticisms are not quite warranted.

I am glad to say that there is o ne point on wh:ich I cordially agree with Dr. Cantlie, and that is, the stretcher work. In an ordinary first aid course there is not much stretcher work taught, in fact, it is impossible in one lecture to say mu c h about it, and I think only those that are connected with an ambulance corps know anything about it. By all means let be a separate course for stretcher and l et all holders of certificates go in for it if they wish, for transport is an im portant branch of first aid I n conclusion, I hope that I have u nderstood Dr. Cantlie's article a right, if not, express my regret,I should like to add that modern ambulance owes a great deal to D r. Cantlie, and anything that he has to say on the subject is well worthy of consideration.

JD ewar <.tballenge Sbielb.

A time ago a supper was given by the officers and men of the St John's Gate No.1 Division in celebration of the winning of the Dewar Challenge Sh eld by their team Among the visitors present were Mr. J. Timbers ;'epresenting Mr. J. R. Dewar, Mr. A, T. Dale, M. J .I. , Brigade Chief Super ntendent Brasier, Chief Superintenden t Morgan, Hon. Surgeon Howard, and Officers from other Divisions. Supe r intendeFlt Liddel occupied the chair.

After the cloth was removed the chairman asked Mr. Timbers o present the medals to the team (Sergeant Phillips, P rivates Millwood, Mason, Eley and Willerillghaus) a task which he performed mo s admirably, addressing a few most appropriate words to each man. Medals were also given to the second team, the East Ham Divis on. Mr. Timbers regretted very muc h the ahsence of the shield, but he could not get the firm to finish it in time, Mr. Dewar was quite willing to do what he could to h elp on ambulance work, feeling as he did a very great interest n it

The remainder of the even ng was spent in the u sual enjoyable manner.

1897. J FIR S T 1RatIwa\? L-lnlbulancc.

THE district final !n ambulance knowledge for competitors around the locahty of BI1'ITllngham took place in the arounds of the Engine Hotel, Ilampton-in-Arden, on IYednesday 30th June, Dr. Jefferson, of Leamington, examining. The teams in the competition represente d the stations at Span L"ne, Curz0n Street, 'Valsall , Bescot, and l\lonument Lane After examining t h e competi'tors Dr. Jefferson awarded first place to the Spon Lane Lam, with 80 marks; Curzo n Street, second, 77 marks; IVal salI, i6; '\lonument Lane, 73 and Bescot, 68. Spon Lane was lust in the local competitions ast year, w h en tbe local representa t ion in the semi-final for the shield was much larger.

IVE congratulate the Brynmawr L. & N. IV R, Ambulance men '''. Phillips, T. J Davies, T W. Townsenc., J. Cold\\'elJ, and E. J. Po;vell in running second to tile South itYales champions, holders of aold' sih'er, and bronze medals, at the competiti;)n at Craven Arms, 29 th la s t. Th e result of the competition was as folloll's .-First , Dowlals (South Vales ChampIOns); second, Brynmawr third, Swansea; and fourth, Tredegar.

GKEAT '\YESTER::" BATL\\'.\"Y.-An intere st ing meetino- wa s hel:l in co nne ct ion with the aoo\'e at the Loco' Shed s Great Rai lway Westb o urne Park, W., on the 2yd ull., to Dr. Atkinson II ith handsome umbrella subsc ri hed for hy m embers o f the late class. Th e cha irman, 2111'. Armstrong, Chief of the L ow' Department, said h oll' pleased be.was to with them on this occasion, anLi hoped e\'ery man would do hiS utmost 111 the ambulance G.use, ambulance "'as a thina that was needed on all railways where accidents 50 frequently occur" H e then presented the umbrell a amidst great applause to the doctor. Dr. Atkinson in reply,. sai? " I cannot find \I'ords good enough o express my feelings for the gIft Just pres e nted, T. hal'e alwap been proud of m)' ambula nce classes and pupIls, and If at any time they require my sen' ices I will make a spec ial effort to be at their dispos<ll." :\11'. A. Crutch er, Engineering De partment, alld a memher of the John Ambulance Brigade, :;'\ 0. 2 Div is ion, wa s pleased to say that the amb ulan ce w ork of tbe I? epartme nt wa s o.n in a ye;T fair \yay. anJ members were reccl\'ln; IlI strLlctlOn at dnll at hiS hands; drill is a necessity for it men to act one with the ot her, and they get the case to the hospital qUicker than othenl'lse, because each man knows what is expected of him and it tend s to sa\'e unn ecessary bandling o· an injured person. He hoped the cba irman would be aood enoug h to try and get them a Furley streIcher and so enable thegl to work under better conditions in the cause of humanity. The secretary proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the c hairman, wh o promised to do all h e could to get what \yas required.

EASTER:\' RAIL\\'AY,-The annual meeting of this centre was held. in the Rail.wa.y on 18t h july, when i\lr. F. Penty (chall'man) preSided, and 111 hIS address congratulated tbe members on the progre ss of amhulance work on the system, and in speaking of the recent competitions was opinion that some of the conditions might be alte red before another senes took place. ,\I r. George Jackson (general secretarr) presented his report, from which we make the follo\\'ina e'<lracts :-The dis t rict secretaries made brief report s o n the progress of the work, &c., in their respecti\'e districts. The patrons, presiden" \ ice-president, chairman, and secretal y were unanimously re-elected for the ensuing year. The question of competitions was left for the exec uLive to deal with. It was re so lved that the half-yearly meeting in January next be held at Darlington. Thirty classes hal'e been formed at the following places, viz.: Leed3, Chel'ington, York, L eem ing Lane, Croxclale, " rashington, Gate she ad (Borough Gardens), ell'castle (2), Pontefract, Bedale, Bull Goods, Hull Docks, Hull Pa ssenger, Aycliffe, Pelaw, Castleford, l\Iorpeth, Blyth, Bealingto11, Middle sbro ugh, West Auckland, 'Ves t LIar t lepool, Thomaby, 1\ 1arsh Lane Knare sbo rough, Hartlepool, 1\1 ilford J unction, and Eaglecliffe, and the members who have passed examinations are +56 first, 33+ second, 198 final, and 21 have failed to pass the examiners. During the year a of competitions haye been held on the system. The following ge ntlemen kindly gal'e their services as examiners, and t:) them we are very much obliged ror the care and time :'hey de\'oted in finding the succ essful teams :-Darlington district, Drs. Middermi ss and Smeddle IIartlepool, L1'. F. W. Gibon; Hull, Drs. Chalmers, Stothard and D;lrwent Leeds, Drs Li ttlewood and Thompson I\ ewcastle, Dr. Fraser and 1\11'. G. Spence; YOlk, Drs. F. Vl. and E. II. Gibbon, The directors offered £52 17 s in The president issued a circular, afte r the competitions, giving the result of both tbe system and national competitions, As the reslllt of the neg ot iati o ns with the general manager respecting ambulan ce boxes and bauds, when 93 boxes, 104 boards stretcher cases, and 6 box seats were asked for, the orde r for them to be made was given, and Lhe greater part, if not the Whole have been supplied at the various places asked for, and it is hoped that t he district officials will see that they are kept in proper :Jnd Su itable places, and that the m:lterials which II'e are at liberty to order is kept in the boxes, and thus always ready when required for rendering First - Aid, iJ nd as new classes are formed or ambulance men are appointed to places w h ere there is no class or box, &c., care should be taken th<lt such places are provided with them, so that, in the COllrSe of

el'ery shop, yard, cabin, &c:, on the sptl'm will he full eqUipped With the n ecessa ry for renderinO' First \'d ;l thus the suffering of our comrades 01 occasIOn e 1

St. 30bn Blll bu lance tls£-ociatio ll .

Ox the 16th UlL, the Prince of W ales, K,G Grand Prior of the Order of the Ho spital of St. John of Jerus;lltm in England, presented at House, the medals and certificates of honour a warded durmg the past yeal: by the Chapter-General of the Order in <l of case.s conspICuous gallantry at imminent personal ri sk wasdlspl ayed m saving life. on H)s Royal IIighne ss W<lS accompallled by of 1. ork, I'I...G, (Sub-Pnor of the Order) Prin ce Chnstlan of Sch.esllig-Holstein, K.G" K.C,B., and HI S HIghness tile Duke of Teck, G.C 13. :'II an)' disting'uished members of the Order \I'ere present. C " they \I'ere wanted on duty for the s da), when the mayorgaye a party t o 12.0:)0 school chtldren, a fell' of the ;'\ursing LJi\'ision ladies into uniform. On another occasion, too, at the Boat jde, they did the same thing'. and they ,had been wIse to do it. It made them more full\' re cognised as offiCia people, On each occasion the tent was of and they had vanous thmgs o keep them occupied.

jf i rst Bib

LO;-Il!o:,-On June 6th, a, boy about 12 years of ag-e, fell into the s (near Caledonian R oad) and, after h vll1g been some time Il1 the \I'ate r, was brought to the bank by the police, with theaid of draas appn.rently dead. Sergeant W. H. Beeton (Toynbee flail was passing: at.lhe tim.e, a.nd finding no one present understood first aid, started artifiCial and sent police for medical men. Two doctors and approl'ed Sergean, Beeton's treatment (Syh'ester and H all s methods) which he, at tbelr r equest, cominued for O\'er an hour and a half. At the end of that time the patient was sufficientlv recovered, although still unconscious. to be remoyed on a litter to the Rop,l Free Hospital. On enquiring \I'e were that the boy for oyer 2+ hours. but has SlJlce Leen diO'charged. "e hearttly cono-ratulate Sergeant Beeton on the Sllccess of his efforts, especially as this is not the first time he has helped in sa\'inolife.-ED.

H UI.L. -=-At a meeting of the Hull Wa tch Committee, recenth' Alderman Richardson conveyed to P,C. IYhileyman the decision of C?mmittee to their appreci ation of his having saYed life. He saId, the commIttee had had reported to that s.ome weeks ago a boy fell mto a dock, and was rescued III a condition P.e. Whilerman brought hIS ambulance knowledge mto pby, and, <lfter threequarters of an hour sal'ed the boy's life. Taking this in connection \lith the fact that the officer saved the life of a 111<ln three years aao at the Grosvenor H otel, the committee had decided to a ward the ;fficer the merit :tripe, and to recommend him o the consideration of the L ondo n Royal Humane S ociety shocking accident occurred on .\Ionday mornina July :!th, in Garratt Lane (0 a carman nJ.med Arthur Reid, of Deroe Road, T ooting. Reid was engaged loading his van with scaffold poles, when the horses bolted. In endea\'ouring to stop them, he \las thrown under the "an, and sustained a fracture of both thiahs the nght knee-cap, and other injurie s, Fortunately a l11embel'=' of the Merton and V\'imbled on Didsion of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, 1\11'. F. Palmer, was early on the scene, and he hastily extemporised splints and bandages, and with the assi-tance of some bystanders, pbced him upon a litter whi ch had been brought by the police. The patient was then removed by Dr. Shaunessy's instruction to the Bolingbroke hospital. The doctor said it was on ly first aid t:'e:ltmenl \\hi ch s:\I'ed amputation of the poor fellow's legs.

$cconristcs jfratl cais.

THE following are extracts (translated) from a letLer ",,'itlen to an English correspondent by the Secretary, General E. de Friedberg, and the President, Funck Brentano, of the Sec our istes Francais.

"'Ye the refore beg to ask YOll, if il could be at all possible for yon to pay us this yisit at the end of June; '>I'e might then be able to aCCOI11plish the proposed oojects we hal'e so much :1.t heart.

" E \'ery year Ire call togetber o n the la st Sunday in J Line the who le of our first·aiders in a forest in t he outskirts or Paris for the o')ject of testing Lhe efficiency of our men in the erection of tenv;, stretcher manCCUlTes, the searchino- of the sick and wounded, ti1'5t aid treatment, and the transport of patients singly on stretchers, wagons, ,\c. If you covILl possibly co me with a squ:Jd of your men on that date, it would be it most interesting sight, and e\'ery one of OUI first-aiders mustered for tbat day as in camp (each of our 20 sections hal'ing its 0\\'11 tent) 1I'0uld tben be able to lI'itnes3 the training and the series of your indi 'id ual and sq u ad exercises,"

A n g n t,

FIRST St. 301)tl Blnblllanc e 113rigabe.

BARnINGTO:--i.-The in spect ion of his Corps by General Sir Edward :\e1\'Jegate Xe\\,degate, K.C.B., took place on July 28th, at Basford Park. Further particulars will appear next month.

BACUP CO;'lPETrTIOX.-On Sa.turday, July 17th, lhe South East Lancashire Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade helJ their first annual inspection and competition on the Bacup Football Field. Dr. Trimble, Deputy Commissioner, X o. + X orth 'V est District, was the inspecting officer, and also acted as j uuge in the com peti tion. All questions and practical work were in "Shepherd's First Aid to the Injured, " and drill was from the Official Drill Manual. After the competition the dl\'lsIOn was drawn up on three sidcs of a square, and Dr. Trimble sa.id he been asked to give tbe result of the competition. He mIght pomt out to the several competing squ:1.ds that, although some of the corps had not got the l\lanual, it had been out for some time. It seemed a new experience to several of the and No. could not do the d!'ill at all, and so were disqualified. There was another maller he should like to point OJt. He gave them a case of bleedlllg of the large artery of the arm, Several of the detachment were slow stopping the bleeding. They knelt down and prepared their bandag.es, but he was afraid that by the time the bandagc:s were applieu the patIents would have bled to death. 0 doubt if it had been an actual case .the sig ht of b lood would have prompted them to be quicker, but not seelllg the blood they were too slo w. They should wa tch for that. sort of thing, because they got tests of 'that kind to prove their effiCIency. Others lost considerable poi nts in not answel ing questions.

T!1e}: should know el'ery word of that little" Shepherd's" book. The \\,lIlnlllg detachment did not miss a sinu le question' the other detachments ?id, that to ok off points He was glad 'to notice a number of sIster s present that afternoon, and was sorry they did n ot parade \nth the men. He hoped that on other occasions he would have t.he pleasure .them on parade.. He again impressed upon the brIgade tbe deSIrabIlIty of gettll1g un Iforms, and hoped it would be regulatIon unIform. He proposed to award the cup to K 0.4 company (Rochdale), who marks out of 150; and if he had a second prIZe he \\'ould g Ive It to NO.3 (Heywood), who had merited lIS mark.s out of 150.. Captain Hoyle, in making the presentation to the 1I'1nnlllg corps, saId he was personally a great admirerof the ambulance

It was now about fourteen years since he took his first course. DUrIng the past t\\'elye months he had had the to meet with an accident, and the knowledge he gained during t hat course of instructIOn bad s:l\'ed hImself pel:sonally a great deal of trouble and pain. He should be more pleased If every detachment was as smart as NO.4. They shou.ld .study so that they could acquit themselves in the same way the wIIlnlllg team had done that day. Dr. Trimble moved, and i\[r. Fenton seco nded, a yote of thanksto Captain Hoyle, and on the motIOn of Dr seconded by Mr. Ingham a similar vote was acco rded to the IIl spectI ng officer. At the close of the review the Rochdale Corps marched off the field, headed by Superintendent Ingham, carrylllg the CU!?'. to Bacllp Station, returning to R ochda e by the 7.27 tram. On arnvlIlU at '\Vardleworth Station the in. marching order ana"'marched through the tOll'n to Duck\\or.h s H otel III Drake Street, where a fin:t"class tea was waiting for them.

H UL!--.-At headquartels of the Nursing Division, Hull corps, a c.om,petIlIO? of FIrst AId to the In)ured" was held, arranged by the 1.1d J supelIlltendent. ladles competed, Dr. Robinson being t"le Judge. The first was .won bY.Mrs. Krause, the second prize by ;'\[archant, the thIrd prIze by MISS Hardy, and the fourt h prize by ;\lr s. Turner. It was proposed to have a competition every year to encourage the members o keep up their efficiency. A hearty was to Dr. Robinson. On 8th July, M r. Cbarles

"Il son, M.P., for" est Hull, and Mrs. 'Wilson, held an "at home" at the they en tertaining over 13,000 children in comJubIlee of Her Majesty he Queen. About 4 p.m. 0\ 20,000 \\ ere III th.e grounds An ambUlance statIOn was provided, only 6 mIllor .cases were treated. On 17th July, being HospItal Saturday, the ladles of the Nursing Division took charge of two stands from 8.30 a.m to 5 p.m., from wbich time to 10 p.m. the members of the DIvision tQok duty. All worked hard to help to swell the collectIOn for institutions of the city. The members of the We ste rn DIVISIon held tbeir fourth annual excursion to 'Vel ton Dale and spent a most enjoyahle afternoon.

Ip sw lcH.- Tbe Jubilee week was a busy time for the first division they were on duty Jubilee Day in Christchurch Park There were only two attention, one a slight case of faint.the other an fit lasting 3 hours. Hon. Surgeon Fryer \la.s In a;tendance, al so 1\ urse

Thursday, June 2+th, was the ch drlren sftte, members of the 1\ursing Corps and first division being on There were 6 cases of a more or less serious nature. Hon. Sur",eon? Eades and Fryer were in attendance, the Deputy Co m missIOner Lleut."Col. Ellinon, V.D., also paying occasional vis ts to the

AID. [Au g ust, 1897 .

tent. The division took part n t he " Lifeboat P rocession" on July ot h, a nd the n went on duty fo r the" Water S port s ," h avi ng tw o cases, o n e of w hic h ca ll ed for the attentio n o f H on Surgeo n F r yer

NELSON AMBULANCE REVIEw. -T he seventh a n n u al r ev ew, under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for the corps att:tched to the North-East Lancashire Division, took place on Saturday, 3rd July, at Nelson. The various corps met in the yard in front of the Nelson Railway Station, and at 2 45 started out in the following order, the positions having been allotted by ballot :-Brierfield, 20 men; Padiham, 25 men Accrington, 38 men; Blackpool, 19 men; Nelson, 32 men; 'WaltonIe-dale, 251 men; Burnley, 50 men; 801ne, 14 men; Hapton, 10 men; Longndge, 2I men; Preston, 40 men; Read, 9 men; and Whalley, 20 men. The number in the procession was about 33 0 and the rear 'Nas brought up by the horse ambulance carriages of Ne lson, Colne, and Black pool police. The memhers of the ladies' nursing division were in the following order :- Burnley, 1+ members; Bar rowford, 13 members; Colne, 30 members; Accrington, 7 members; Clitheroe , 14 members; N'elson, 2+ members; Hapton, 10 members; Preston, 12 members; Black pool, 25 me::Jbers; Bamber Bridge, 14 memhers and Padiham, 12 members The proceedings on the fie d opened with a general salute and this was followed by a march p;:st The competiti o ns for the various prizes, exclusive of that for the challenge cup and shield-held in the Queen's Hall p r ior to the demonstration-were then commenced. The inspecting officer was Major C. J. Trimble, deputy commissioner, assisted by Mr. J. C. Derham, assistant commissioner, and by the Mayor of Nelson, while [he were: Dr. C. H. MIlburn, Hull; 1\1r. W. J. Church Brasier, London , Brigade Chief Superintendent; Dr. Stanley M e lville, Southport; and Dr. Falconer, Oldham. Major Trimble announced the results of the various competitions. In the ladies' competition the first prize and the shield went to Blackpool with 7+ points, the second prize went to Padiham with 73 points, and the third to Barrowford with 71 points. The judges had asked him to highly commend the vValton-le-dale team. For the ladies' review prizes, the first award went to 'Valton-le"dale, and the second to Barrowford. For the men's review prizes, Blackpool came first, Accrington second, and Preston third The first team scored 22 points, and the other two 21 each. The premier award however wen t to in consequence of their securing more points in the prac.tlcal part of the work. In regard to the competition, Hapton earned off the cup with 33 points Accrington came second with 29 pomts, and Colne third with 26 points. 1 he judges were very s'Jrry they had no prize to award to Preston, because the work done by that team was much to their credit, and the chief officer besides being very smart was quite in toucb with his men. (Applause ) The then distributed the The Hapton team being warmly applauded on the cup bemg hander] to them, and the other successful corps als) came in for much cheering.

READlNG.- This corps has been doing good service this Jubilee

On the 22nd, at the Recreation Ground, they rendered first aid in 22 cases; on the 23rd, at Prospect Pa rk, 6 cases; on the 24th, at the Free Conrerts, one case; in the street, one case, making a tOlal of 30. At Cuversham Jubilee, the I2th of July, one case of fractured leg.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY BY

1'he Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corporation J

LIMITED ,

4 0, 42 & 44, MOORGATE STREET LONDON E C to whom Notice of Claims, under the followi ng conditions, must be sent wlthlll seven days of aCCIdent to the above address.)

£100

be paid by above Corporation to the legal representative of anyone wh o 16 lolled hy an aCClllent to the Passenger Train (within the United Kingdom or Channel I slands), ill which the deceased was a ticket bearin<T 01' paying pass enger, 01' who shall have lJeen fatally injured thereby (shoulcl death rewlt

FIRST AI D

p res ent m a n ageme nt are des i rous of issuing the jour n a l to o u r r ea d ers on the date n amed for publication viz., t he 27th of each p r eceding m onth, to du this however, lt wi ll be absolutely necessa r y to go to press pnnctua ll y. Wil l our various correspondents therefore send o n t heir copy not later than the 20th of each mon th Several l eading medical men have intiml?ted their willi n g ne ss t o con tribu te articles of interest to firstaiders, and it is hoped tInt the circulation of the jou r na l m ay t h ereby be l arge l y increased. Wha. t Wf) want however is more annual subscribers. Will L ocal Sec r eta r ies ki n dly help us in this manner. First - Riden unable to obtain the journal locally should apply direct. Subscription forms may be obtained on application.

TRADE NOT IC E

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FOR I Z months, IS. 6d post fre e, to be sent to the Publishers.

'VE beg [0 inform our readers that \ 'olumes I., II. and III. may no\\' be had hand somely bound Pri ce 55. An e:nlyapplication should be m:1.de to the W. J. GOODE, 88, Clerken\\'ell R oad London, E.C.

:fJ3 rev iti es.

'VE are exceedingly pleased to see bv the communication of the Home S.ecretary that medal s are to be gi\"en to all those first-alders ,,"ho were on duty on Jubilee " * **'

THE Home Secretary, we are glad to Sal", maintain s his interest in ambulance ,york , and is again the favoured place. Perhaps Sir Matthew 'V. Ridle\" may be persuaded one of these days to turn his attentioi1 to London and its want of an ambulance ser\'ice.

'" * .;:

\ VE to offer our congratulations to all those wh o have lately been nude Hon. Sen·jng Brothers and Hon. of the Order of St. John. Many of them are old friends, and we are certain deseryc full)" the honour that they ha \ye rccci yed.

:Ie *

WE are sure that all our readers \'\'111 ieel most grateful to Mr. Sam Osborn for his exceedingl\' interesting articles on (, .Am bulance in the Turco-Greek \\r ar." His descrip" tion of the \'aried scenes and the horrible of \yar is most yi \"id, and will be of great yaille to all am blliance surgeons.

1Rccognition of tlnlbulancc 'tU1orli.

By A :JIE:\IBER OF THE ST. J OH:\, BRIG.'"DE.

It rrin:s great pleasure to note that it has been decided to present the Jubilee medal to all those of the St. John :\.mbul ance Brigade who were out on duty on Jubil ee Day. Eyerybody ,,"ill be pleased to see the announcement, kno,,"ing that this slight reward is \Yell desen'ed, and I "enture to suggest that those members of the Headquarters Staff. who, by their great sen' ic es and immen. e amount of work 011 and before Jubilee D ay, contributed most largely to the success of the ambul:1nce display. should also haye some extrcl mark of appro\"al giyen to them.

This su bject leads me to make a fe\\" remarks on the recognition of ambulance ,york generally. and whether tho e \\'ho actua lly do the \york get the credit of it.

\ Vhen ont' comes to reflect on the nature of the sen"ices of the St. John Ambubnce Brigade, and that these sen'ices are giyen and moreo\'er, that it costs eyery member of the Brigade time and money, and that the kn o\,-ledge acquired by the indiyidual members of the Brigade has been inpJrted by the members of the medical profession \,-ho are honorary surgeons , one cannot but utter a mild exclamation of surprise that these sen'ices ha,"e not been more gellerally recoo'ni ed and brought before the notice of the public. It be a step to\\'ards the formation of a London .Am bulance Sen"ice. I was somen"hat astonished to ee tl1at e\'en the Lallett (one of whose editors is a member of the Order of St. John), whilst mentioning the sen"ices of the p olice, &c., on Jubilee Day , om.itted all reference to th ose of the St. J oh11 BrIgade.

as hereillbefol'e

& GUAHAN'I llE

is the essence of ihis COlltl art. 'Ihls IIlsurance holds good for current Issne only. allll carries the benetits of allel i5 slIbject t.o, tbe conditions of the"

that the plll 'chase of this Pnper is the payment of a premillmllnder Section 34 of the Act can recover under more than one Coupon ticket in

BUT more especially we ll1\'e to congratulate Mr. F. D. Mackenzie on his ::1ppointment as A s- istant CommisJ o. I Di His sketch portrait appeared 111 thiS Journal for Apnl, r q6. He IS nne of the origll1al members of the St. John Ambubnce Brigad e and will. we are confident, do justice to the position, and be well received by all with whom be may be brought into contact.

There is one matter in connection with thi" subject on \,-hich I haye been pressed to a fe,," ,,"ord. It is owing to the medical profession that ambulance \York has made uch strides of late years, and that the St. JOhl1--\m bulance Brigade i- no\\" so" proficient. rendering first aid, and the point is. and I kllO\\" that It IS a sore one amongst 111::1n," surgeons, ha, e they receiyed a proper ackI:O\dedgmen!. of th eir sen'ice ? I ha\'e been urged for some time past to bring this 11:atter .fonn.rd, bllt han:- hitherto declined, h oping that thIS Jubilee year would set rirrht. The li st of ,,"hat may be called the JubIlee hgnouI" of the Order of St. j ohn has no\\' been publi h ed and I must candidly sa," that I fail to see in it that I shou ld like" to "haye :seell. The Order of St John ha\"e the po\yer of conferring t\\'o of decor:ttions that of Hon. Sen"ing Brother ,dll ch l' besto\\ed on of th e Brigade for, we bdi:\'c, and y:tlul:d sen"ices, and that of IIonor:try ASSOCIate gl\'en to

and others. These two decorations are highly appreciated by members of the Brigade, and the recipients are, I belien:, looked up to by theIr lc; s fortunate brethren. I do not know on ",hat or fO I- what gentlemen are made.Hon. tf sernce and plenty of work 10 connectlOn \\'lth the Bngade are of an,- account, tJlere are many hOll surgeons who are qualified for the ' Vithout in the de irincr to influence 10 the sl1ghtest degree the declslOf:S of the bOrder of St. J ohn, as it is quite \rithin t hetr pro\'ince to bestow these distinctions on those they think CITe entitled to them, I should, howeye r , h ke to dra\\' the attention of the members of the Order to the fact that there are many medical lL1en who think t h eir sen-ices ha\'e llOt been -properly acknowledged, that those who giye up a dell of yaluable time to the Bngade and ambulance work generally ought at least to be encouraged

thnbulance lRc\)icw at lRisle)2 1ball.

:\IAG:\IFfCE:'<T weather favoured the annual rel'iell' of the classes cOllstituting the Xo. V. district of the St. John Hrigade, "hich, by kind permission of '\Ir. E. T. Hooley, took place on 3Ist July, in the attractive grounds surrounding Ris.ley Hall. Adl-anrage had been taken of the opportunity to hold a SOCIal functIOn extend1l1g ol'er the a fternoon and el-en ing, upwards of t\l'O hundred guests accepting- the invitations extended by '\Ir. and :\Irs. Hooley to be. present at an _-\.t Home."

Suro-eon-Gener:tl Taylor was the inspectIng officer, other gentlemen in official and representatil'e capacities being Edward Thackeray. \' C., K.C.B. (Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brii'1de), :\11'. Stuart C W:u-dell (Deputy Commissioner), :\Ir. John Furter (Director of .\hjor Hutton (Organising Commis8ioner), .\[1'. Church Brasier (Chief Superintendent of the i\letropolitan Corps), :\11'. II. .\1. ..\falkin (Assislant Deputy Commissioner), tbe ReI' E. E. :'Ilon'i- (Chaphin to tbe Tibshelf BrIgade), the ReI'. .\. Cotton (Chaphin to the Birchwood Colliery Brigade). and Dr. Stamford. The ::\0. \-, District comprises Yorkshire. Xottinghamshire, Derl:Jyshire, Staffordshire, and and possesses a numerical strength of about three thousand mep. On about S50 lilen took part in the rel'ie\\', special facilities Inving been conceded by the railway companie5 for their conveyance, whilst brak::s ran at frequent inten'als from Sandiacre to the rel'iell' ground. Abollt h-df of the men were attired in uniform, and their g-eneral appearance was exceedingly S'11art, and was rather a severe contrast to the remainder who had not adopted any special attire, \lith the exception of the display of a badge.

Three bands, associated \\ith the corp5 at Tibshelf, Pinxton, and Birch"wood respecti,'ely, attended, selections being- played during the pro gress of the rel·iew. The proceedings commenced punctually at four o'clock, being- inlugmateu \\ith the general salute, and succeeded by bandage drill by bugle ellL Added effect was gil'en to the review by the occurrence of an imaginary accident, in which stretchers were brought into play. The lI'ow1ded were expeditiollsly but carefully remol'ed to the ho,pital tent, where the nursing staffs of the Tibshelf, Birchwood, Ilkeston, and Derby Corps \\'ere st'1tioned, and applied tbe bandages, &c. The touch of realism thus added was highly appre-. ciated by tbe onlookers. The march past, which almost immediately followed, was by smartness and precision. The men subsequently recumed their former and were addressed by the inspecting officer, who, in the course of his obsel I"ation, ack n owledged tht> honour with \\bich he regarded tbe il1\-itation to inspect the corps, and expressed pleasure tint there had been no falling- off since he performed a similar duty at "-elbeck t\\'o years ago. lIe commented upon the smartne's of the corps, and suggested that an improl'emen' might be produced by tbe general adoption of uniform Perhaps that \rould come later, at any rate he hoped so. General Taylor congratulated the men upon their application in the bandage dlill, remarking that, after all, their first duty was to reliel'e the 1I'0unded and injured, Iyith as "ery little pain and discomfort to the sufferer as possible. Tbe various dressings applied also for first aid were all done excellently, and the marching was equally good. lIe cOllglatulated =-.1r. ''ardell on the efficiency of the corps, and the men further success and deyelopmellt. Sir Ed \\'a ru Thackeray also addressed a few observations to the men, testifying to the g-rowth and \'alue of ambulance work, and making particular reference to the sen-ices rendered in London the of the celebration of ller :\Iajesty's Diamond JubIlee. rn relatIOn to the strength of the Brigade, he was \-ery alad to see that No. '-. District was becoming so efficient. It now ?f one deputy 22 surgeons, fivecbief surgeons, 21 superlntende11ls, I7 II1spectors of stores, 900 ambulance officers and men two bu)' superintendents, and 80 nurses, there being an increase of 588

AID. [Septemb er, 1897.

officers and men, and 293 n u rses, compare d wit h as yea r 's returns. Durino- h e past twelve m onths rev ews had been h e ld at m an y a.nd upon the commemoration of t he Queen's 287 from the provincial corps ',"ere present, and re n dered SIg n a serV Ice 11l the streets of London. 1'\ lI1ety-five statIOns were ta k en up o n h at occa5ion, and I,-1-85 cases were treated. I n concl u sio n , h e co u ld only add, as be bad endea\'oureu to show at prel'ious e l'en s of a similar character, that the efficiency of the BrIgade rested a l most en l1 rel }" or at least to a very great extent, u pon the medical o':'cers, wi thout an ora-anisatio n of the nature of an ambulance bngade would be of lIttle T hey were also inuebted to the lady s u per inten d ents a nd nu rses for the efforts which they made in the i n terests a nd for t h e adva n cement of tbe work Sir Edward then proposed a h earty vote of h a n ks to Sura-eon - General Taylor, who, h e said, h ad att e nded a t g r eat person:t incO!wenience to in:pect h e co;ps T h e v.)te w as enthu siasticallv accorded, and loud cheers were gIven to 1\1 r. and l\I rs. H ooley for the;r hospitality. n response, H oo ey h e men for the I'ery COl dial reception and saId .the work III w hIch : he y were engaged tbat was one for whIch e\'erybody would be thank. ful. He thoua-ht It a great shame howel'er, ttat the members of the corps had to their own uniforms, and were not the recipients of arants from tbe State the same as volunteers H e suggested that cor""ps engaged in the alleviation of the suffering o.f the ir fell o w m e:l ouo-bt to be recognised by the Government. A nyt h mg he co u d d o to heir forward t he good work he would only be t?O t h ankfu l t o a ss st, and would be delio-hted to see tbe m en at any tIme wh en t he o ffi cel \I'ould like them come ( Loud ap p lause) A word o f r e cogn iti on ougbt to be gil-en to the services of i\1 r. ':'ardcll, th e ent!re preparatory arrangements, and earned them mto effec t Il1 an eminently satisfactory manner. =======

3n fIDC1110rianl.

IT is with deep regret that we to recor:! the at the comparatil'ely early age ?f 53, of '\1r. C. Church, of the Tlbshelf Corps, ?L lohn Ambulance Bngade. :\ I r. Church had been 111 some w hat mdifferent h e::dth for some time, but no one ant icipated that his end \\'a5 so near at hand. That he will be missed goes witbo u say ing for the name of t, Charley Church" was a household one in the d str ic t in which he resided, for e\'ery good work I"as sure of his practical he p and sympathy, and his place will be hard to fill. For his so r:owing widoll' and family the utmost sympathy IS felt, and we learn \\, Ith reg-ret h at tbey are left in circumstances which necessirates a n appeal o n th e behalf. .\ I ay we, on our part, commend this appeal to our particularly those who are members of he St. JohnAmbu lance BrIgade, for if eyer there lI'as a man II ho had at heart the Il1 t erest of the work we alllol'e so well, that man was Charles Church.

IT is \\·ilh deep regret tbat we e arn of the irreparable loss s usta in ed by Superintendent Good\l'in and his family by death of i\1 rs G ood · win. Tbe deceased lady, who has been an ll1\'alld for some years, was interred in ;\orwood Cemetery. i> I uch sympathy is felt for the sorro wing family in [heir great bereal'ement.

JuST as we go to press we learn that Superintendent R oper, L eicester Corps, 11:1.5 also sustained :1. heal'Y loss by the 5udde n death of his mother. The deceased lady will be greatly missed by a a r g-e circle of friends, but by none so much as her only son who was de " otedly attached to her. We offer him OLlr deepest sympathy i n h is grear affi iction.

1Rational jfire 1Brigabes 'Ulniolt.

THE Il1I'erness Fire Brigade which recently took up ambulance work has receil'ed the gift of a stretcher and first aiu equipment. THE next F ire Brigades Tournament has been fixed to take place at the Royal Agricultural Hall, London, fr?m April to April 29th. Une of the features in the programme, whIch we are III [ormed wIll be of a yaried and chanicter, will be the annua l compet i t ions for the :\'ational ChallenRe Shields. The meeting lI i ll be under di st inguished IXltronage. Further particulars will shortly be anno u nced.

CRUSADERS' CYCLING Cum.- W ith a "iew of br ingi n g toge th er the members of the .\letropo l itan Cor p s and the ir ien d s who ind u ge in the pleasure of riding a-whee l the Cycl ist D il 'is ion h as fo u nded a new club \I'ith head.quarters at St John's Gate. I t bears th e ve ry appropriate name of t he Crus:J.uers' Cycling C l ub, and is ope n to a ll those who are in sympathy with the c;r u se of first a d, wh et h er holding the certificate or not. The success attending th e fi r!:t season has been "ery gratifying, and ma n y e njoya bl e r un s h ave been held. The badge of the club is very h a n dsome a n d is emblematical of the cause, being a w h ile cross on a b lac k gro und Th e committee purpose issu i ng a list of th e p r ospect iv e cl u b run s at t h e commencement of next season, and will in vi t e all cycl in g fir s t-a id e r s to the opening on e Th e lI on S ec. is M r , C h as. E . N or m an: 27 0, Oxford S treet, W., from wh om a ll p a r t c ul ars m ::ty be ob tain ed.

September, 1897.J FIRST tltnbulance in the ll:mar.

By S , OSBORCoJ, F.R.C.S_ eCol/tlll1led )

IT m ay b e of interest to give a de!:cription of how the " ,\lbania," or hospi a l s h ip, was arranged. T he two long tables in the salo:)n were used , th e one as t h e mess table for the staff, whilst the other was made tip as a bed for the operating table at its one end, I\hilst at the other were placed the splints, bandages, instruments ConRo case and chlo oform; so that all ca5es requiring operation could he hrought in at onc e and operated upon being remo\'ed to their respectil-e cab in o r bunk. All tho;e \'ery seriously wounded brought on board on s tr e ch e r s i t was found better to Jea\'e !:o on their stretcher than to subject th em to two or three remo,'als. These \\ere placed in rows on the ma in de ck which \ras co\'ered by an awning, and at night time the patients w ere cOI'ered by .to protec.t them .fr0111 the cold. Some of th e officers and those requmng- attentIOn all nIght were placed in t h e fi r st ane second class cabins, so that they might be close together and near my cabin, and have the constant supervision both of myself and of th e nigh nurses

T h e aft er-hold with its hatchway opening, nnde an excellent place for the w ounded. Lying in roil's below, on each side of the ship, tl1e stretchers could be easily brought up and down through the same wide open ng by which lugaage or cargo was cOI1\'eyeu. Two long sheh'es one above tb e ot h er, on each side of the stea mer on the nM in deck, ami d sh ps near the engine, and under th:! upper ueck, also carried many of the soldiers l e :;s seriously wounded, lying clo"e together in rows

T her e \Va a fear lest in the crowd some of ,he wounded mighte3cape atte nti on. Therefore, one cabin \yas turned into a dispensary, and after all t h e slightly wounded had been drawn up on the port side of the s h ip, hey came in two at a time to hJI'e their wounds attended to and any medicine administered before being finally dismissed on the starboar d side. n this I was most ably assisted by .\[1'. Ceph:da, a Greek o- e ntleman, who kin d ly interpreted between me and the patients, and w h o also assisted me yery materially in my disembarkatio n of w o u nueu at the Pir::eus. Tbis shows that [here \I'as perfect org a nisat on, and the remark by a Greek lady that there was a co m plete absence of all orgal1lsatlOn throughout the whole campaign, deci d ed y could not be said to be applicable to our \York. In t h e dressing of the gunshot wounds 1 found the of " H azeiine ., cream, supplied to us by '\l essrs. Burroughs and ,\ ellcome, most useful, as when tbe dressing had to re remol'ed for re-dressing. they did not stick to the \I'ound as Lhey otherwise '\'QuId.. r had with dur in g the campaign one of the cases cont:l.Inll1g and also o n e of the Emergency Dlspensll1g Belts supplIed by thIS same firm. T he Emergency Dispensing Belt Iyas slung arounu my dlago ma n GeorO'e, and wh en I landed at \ '010 to recei"e and attend to the wou n ded as they came down from the battlefield of \ 'elestrino, I fo u n d it of inestimable yalue The morphil and hypodermic "Tabloids' we r e e specially of use, administered as they were to the more seriously wounded as they lay on the quay prior to their embarkation on m y hospital ship, the" _\lbania." The bottles, 'placed as they are in flap pockets ((round the belt, could so well WIlled fr0111 place to place as well as easily got at when The C;:ongo case was the only dispe n sary I had The" TablOIds are useful; not only are they extremely porta Die and rehacle, but dlspensm,,: of medicines is reduced to a minimum, no dispenser other than myselt bei n g n ecessary. 11 medicines dispensed by means of this to t h e soldiers on h e hospital shlp, as well as to those a.fterwards m the Ena li sh h osp ital oraanised at the Placed It was 111 my privatebroom, t s compa"'ctness a.n d usefulness were appreci:Hed by the numerous visitors w h o came to ll1spect the HospItal. I ,:'ould that h e "Sol o ids" of :\I ercuric Perchloride for makmg anw,eptlc solu ti ons fo u nd especially u seful w hen dreosing .wounds In fact, I. co n s id e r n o expedition would be complete \l'lthout a ,supply at "Tab l o id " medic n e s, whetber it be in the Congo cases or Emergency Dis p e n sin g B e lt s T h e e m ba r kat on of the wounded at \'010 \\" as senously hmdered by. the t er ror- stricken n babita nt s who "would ha\'e swarmed up the ot the s te amer if t bad bee n broug h alongside the quay. a stea m pin nace h ad to be In ade u se of the q llay al;d the !lOspltal sh ip wh ic h necessarily h indered us and lncreased our d IfficultIes. [\t the d is em barka ti on t h e so le trouble W:lS the cUrIosay of the cro wd of o nl ook e rs, and w hich, e\'en the presence of Greek soldIers, fai ed to k e e p back F nally, open lIere Employed [or the co nve y an ce o f th e w o un ded to th e base h?Spltal. Four patIents when ab le to be se ated were p laced in each carnage, otherWIse two stretchers were pl aced o n ea c n T he stretc h ers were plac.ed across the ca rr iage o ne o v er th e fr o n t seat and one ovel the back, a couple of o r d erlies standing in th"e middle bemee n them., one to to each stre tcher. Tb e ca rri ages proceede d ?t a w al1{1ng pace wlth myself sea ted o n the bo x of th e fo r emost ca rr Iage WI th a small Reu flag mo un t ed on my w a lk i n g stic k , pl ac e d in th e whi p st ock T h IS flag walking sti c k I fo und in d i s p e n sa b le. It mark ed out where I was t o

AID. 215

my own men as well acteu. as a signal for the populace to clear out of the way of my carnage as It galloped furiously to and from the quay unloading the wounded from the ship.

Unfortunately I had now to think of returning to England to ln the ambulance Jubilee Day: but a,: I had to stop ;It Corfu on my way home, SIr L II. Egerton, the Brili"h .'.linioter in de.sired me to yisit th,e wounde.d there anu if lIt:lessary to eli-tnhute relief from the Red Cro"s SocIety, of whIch he \\a; the ChIef !l,lmoner. I purchased for them cigarettes, teet tea, milk, CorfU. oranges, with presents of socks, shirts and blOb all]II'lduced In the Island, :lI1d which were a great IJoon to the patIents as well aSl help to the producer,;. It n:rtainly was a great pleasure to do anythIng for the Greek soldiers; they WEre so thankful ror e,'erything that was done for them, and it \ras with the greate,:tlegrd that I left Greece. ha"e since receiled from tbe :'ledical SOlietl' of Coriu and from sel'eral of my soldier patients letters of thanks IIhat [ was able to do for them, and IIhich I shall e\'er presen'e among,;t my greatest trf'asures.

,Bearing upon the aboye I should s:ty that .\Iessrs. Burroughs and "ellcome on the Jubilee Day \'ery kindly placed at my disposal an r,mera-ency Belt and Congo case for n;y first aid ambulance tent. They also supplied me with Eel'eral cases of "\\"yeth's Perfected Beef Juice," with which I was able to make with cold drinking water sel'eral pailsful for distribution amongst cases of and debility. This Il"as so greatly appreciated by soldiers, policemen, and the general public that I could hal'e done ,yith three times the quantity th<tt they 50 kindly gal'e me. On this same occasion when many had leit home or harrack5 without a proper or any meal, I found Leslie's Oxine .\/e:lt Lozenge greatly appreciated as being most palat:lble as II ell as portable. To some ca\'alry officers who bad subsequently a march of four hours duration, they were particularly serviceable.

$1. 30hn tl1nbnlancc :f£rigabc.

Sr-PT. F. D. has been appointed ,--'l.ssistant Commissioner, Xo. I District. 'Ye congratulate both '\Ir. '\[ackenzie and the .\Ietropolitan Corps on the appointment. .:'IIr. :\Iackenzie's illlerest in ambulance work is well knOlyn, he was one of the early pioneers of the l110\'ement in the .\Ietl·opolis, and his promotion bas gil'en general satisfaction to all ranks.

BAR:\OLDS,Y!CK.-.--'l.t the Barnolds,yick Ambulance Renew, six corps competed amonast them being the squad from Xelson ,\. C. Smith, R Palmer, \\'. Clegg. J. "-. "-right, and H. Bannister. The officers in Irere 1. Hacking and 'Yhittam The judge \\"as Dr. Stanle\' :\Ielnlle, ot SOllthport, one of the judges at. the X.e1son rel'.lew. 111 !;ll'Ing the awards he said he had some lltde dlfficulty 111 decldll1g retween the merits of the nrious companies The competition had teen I'ery close. After due consideration he said that Xo 9, IIhich \\as ::\elson, 1I":tS the best, T3arnoldswick being second, and Colne third. In .the pel·iew h.e said tbat .-\.ccringtOn and ;\ elson had been yery smart II1deed, a.nd It ,yas only on the point of quickness that he awarded the. first pnze. a Furley stretcher, to .--'l.ccrington; and the second, a surgIcal hanesac, to ::\elson In the ladies nursing competition only one corps, namely, BalTo\\foIG, turned up, and they thus gOt tbe prize.

BIR)lI:\GH.·ul.- .--\t a 111omhl)' meeting of lbis corps, under the presidency of :'1[1'. .\. R. Tozer, it was reported dUrIng the past momh cases had been attended by members ot the BIIg-aJe. The chairman and hon. secretary I,ere congratulated by the members present on the honour II hich had been co.nferred 011 them by the 9rder. of the Hospital of t. John of Jerusalem 111 all the occasIon ot their being selected for aclmi5sion as Honorary Bro:hers.

BRADFoun.-The sixth annual garden party and gala in aid of the Bradford Joint Hospital Fund lias held un Saturday, c-1-ih July, al Lister Park, in beautifull\' fine weather. ambulanl'e seren in number, marched to 'the pal k in procession the com111and of Dr. Broll'ne, hon. surgeon to the Bradford t. John \mbubnce and headed by the Shipley Brass Band. The carefully org;nised bv j[r. "-alter Fin?, hon. -eeretar}' to the police ambul nce classes. The .\Iayor (\Ir..T: had taken to tbe prizes at the park, and JOll1eJ the. In his carriage, accompanied by the, and The result of the c\m:,ulance Compe::ltlOn. Ch.lllen",e hie1d alld medals, -1-th Bradford Company 01 the Boys Bng-ade lconnecteJ lI'itb St. John's ,Yesleyan Scbool, medals, tie between the CitL and the Locomotive Department. 1 he only other competltolS "ele. -1-th squau of the St. John "\ mbulance Br igade. The challenge shIeld \"as 1I'0n las year by the p olice.

FIRST FIRST AID. ,SEPTEJIBEIl 1, 1897'.

It is with genuine satisfaction that we hail the completion of another small ..Ambulance Station ill the \'icinityof the Strand and Fleet Street, one of the bu iest of our London districts That the erection of these stations is a great boon to London no one for a moment doubts, and wbile we do not in one iota abate our desire for a properly equipped. and efficient lance Sen'ice for this the richest city 111 the world, still we welcome e\en the smallest item which goes to make up the full programme, and we he::trtily cOl:gratulate the Order of St. john on its deCIsion to erect, 111 memory of their c011ti'crf'-Colonel Duncan-a memorial \"blch \I e are 'me would be such a one a:3 he himself would hayc

:Jlight \\'e take the opportll!Lity of appealing to those of OLlr \\'calthy readers to hel}: to further ambulance London b,' lhc eredion of snull stations in our busiest thoroughfares \1'.15 b,' pri.\'ate enterprise in the first instance that om efficiellt Fire Sen-ice. second to none in the \I'odd, was started. :\I a\- \I'e yenture to hope, Lherefore, that this year of J ubilce may see us "ell on the \yay to an equ-alh' efficient Sen'ice. lIere is ::l field open to those many earnest and rich philanthropists who wish to do something to show their gratitude for Her :\bjesty's long and beneficent reign, alld we ma\- add ,,-hat worthier cause or nobler work can they desire than to aid in succouring the sick and injured. '

\V e would al'o appeal to the yarious _-\ccident InsurCompanies to assist the mo\"ement. The erection of these ambulance :,ta1io11' ::,houlcl recei\'e their hearty ::'Yll1p:llhy and support. as it must be a \yell known fact to them that an accident promptly attended to by a " first aider" not only i::, the means of lessening the effect::; of the injury, but is often the mt.ans of saying life. From a selfish point of \ iew. therefore, they might be appealed to. but \ye do so on higher grounds. "iz., in the intere::,ts of the ma11\- sufferers who are stricken down daily in our busy street'::,. \Ye could. did pace permit, upon a subject \\'hich has our deepe::it sympathy, but, in conclusion, simply mention the follO\ying sites on which we should like to see stations erected at an early date :-Royal Exchange or :'Ianion House Elephant and CClstle and Regent's Circus.

113abbtngton tl111bulance <torps.

.\..:\":\"C.\..L I:\"SPECTIO:-\ .\..T BASFORD P:\RK.

THE ninth annual inspecti ,>n of the Babbington Ambulance Corps lI'as conducteJ on July in the beautiful grounds of B asford Park, under the 1110:;t [avouLlble conditions. It will perhaps be interesting to reedl that corps is connected with the Babbingt :m Collieries, owneu by Colvnel Sir Charles Seely, BaIt., and is in reality the out.of the and public spilit of thaL gendeman. E\ er :,IIlle III Il)'l::-i he has m lI1ifested a close anu liv ely .ILS wlJIk, alld it is tv his liberal support that tbe present gre.ll e!Il('lellcy the c.,rps is largl:ly attributable. The men arc II1del:J 100tll l, tl: III .1 patron, fur. in addition to the alllbulance IIlI.:I-t "ill: uf the accolllplished bands in the "',hnle lhe pre-ulellt 15 .'ILl' [f. C. ::'<:1:1)" .'Ill'., the treaSlIIer :.'Ilr. I,. h. Seely, the chairman \11. C. Fowlel. the hOIl. sl:CIeLaries \[1'5. j"uI\!t:r (ior the c1"s,I,<lIld \lr. J. T. \\'alters (rOT the malt· classc:;), and the hOIl. n:eJlct! 'tall Ilrs. 1Ii11, Forbes, and The present strength uf the corps is 17 officers anu 113 nlen, with a band of 27 under Bandmaster iJut the total membership of the centre IS 8ti8, of wllOm 2til hold medallions.

AID. [Septem ber, 1897.

The inspectlnO" officer was General Sir Edward Newdigate , K.C.B aSSisted by Surgeon-:'laJor Hutton (hte RiRe Brigade, the Prin(,e Consort's O\\"n) The men on parade were 102 ra nk and file, 16 officers, and 2+ band, \yith auxiliaries, a lSI. Chief Superintendent Fowler was III commanJ, With Surgeon After general salute and Illspectlon a number. of T?e onhodo.x dnlls were executed, all of which were perforn.led With dlsp:1.teh: skdl,. and precision, and subseq uently the. companies marched past III fours and in re\'iew order. 1 t I11lO"ht be state':!, however, that lI1clllded in drills were two cases \\'ith materials, \yhi ch added a touch of realis111 to the programme. \t the conclusion of the mo\'emen ts the corps \\'as d ra wn up in s1.uare form 1 to .be add.ressed by tbe inspectin.g office r. General SII' Edward ='ewdlg-a.te, m. the course of some blghly comp\Jment::uy remarks, expressed hiS extreme pleasure at the characte r of the work accompllshed by the corps. E!e could not tell Sir Charles Seely hOlY much tbey \I'ere 1I1debted to hl.n for the excellent example he hnd set them in organising and maintainina that ambulance corps. With regard to the men he must conthem upon La\'ing yolunt:1.rily de\'oted their time, labour, and trouble to such an excellent, high, and noble cause as thaL of the ambulance service, and all that he had to say of their work on parade wa, in pnise of the perfect ste:1diness and the quietness of the \\'a)' III which enrything was done. He then passed on t.o speak hl,gh terms of the u 3efulne ss :1.nd \'alue of ambulance work 111 c)nnectIOn I,nh collieries, and of Lhe couragcou5 cb::tracter of those who. with the excitement of the battlefield, fvught against forces enough to any dass. In conclusion, he paid a high eulo""y to the work l,n the ambulance connection of Suraeon-:\IaJor H uaon, anJ also .'II r. L<o\\'ler and Dr. :\"eilson.-Colonel Sir Charles Seely then warmly thanked the inspecting officer on behalf of the corps for. his atten?ance the encouraging words he had spoken. He mentloned the lct th:1.t ln th:: collieries of the kins:dom there were three to four killed e\-ery day. and h\'e to six seriously injured, I\"hile in were from 20 to 30 accidents of one kind or another. It \\':15 to contemplate, howe\'cr, that nowa l::tys all those were a t ali el ents rendered less serious by the prompt treatment by the ambulan('e cDrps which I"ere no\\' established in connectIOn \11th nen.rly el'ery colliery and much suffering sal'ed the unfonunate I"ictims. The men undoubtedly went to a good deal of pains and trouble to make :hemselves proficient, but they feel themseh'es rewarded by su:h pmlse as that bestowed upon them th,lL afterno?n, aml by the tbey were doing their duty and rendenng a valuable sel \Ic,e to .thelr fdloll men. Three cheers were then gl\'en for General ); ell'dIg:lte, after \I hich the distin<Tuished officer distributed the honours awarded to the members of the ;orps. Later the .officers and men, tOgether inspecting officer and Surgeon-:\1aJor Hutton, sat down to drnner rn the Basford school.

Bll1bulancc 'U"Ulorh at tbe flDtIt'111a)2 <tlub.

0:--: \Vednesday, ,-\ugust 12th, an .enthusiastic and n-:eeting was at the .\Iildmay Club tf) witness a presentatlon of ceruficates by LJ.dy SuperiI1lenuent Church to successful students at the recent ambulance cia"". '\Irs. Church Brasler. who W:1S supported by the Brigade Chief Superintendent, Chief uperinlendent ,I'. H. \lorgan, Superintenclents Trimmer ar.d Piers, 1st Officer Lines, and other officers and sisters of the corps, \yell as by sel'eral of the offic=rs of the Club, presented the cerllfinte5, '\lr. Ralph \l..lllley, who occupied the chair, r06e, and in a short speech expressed the ple:lsure it gal'e him to be there and to assist ill promoting the ambulance c:J.use in connection \\'ith their Club. l[e then presented to Sero-eant Lowe who acted as hon. secI' to the class, a very subscribed for by the members in recognition of erO"eant LO\\'e's kindness and counesy in assisting the members. .\fr.""Holdgate proposed and \lr. :\. A. Smith a YOle.of tha?ks to L:1.dy Superintendent Church Brasier for her k1l1dness Il1 comlng there that evenin<7 and distributing the certificates, both speakers remarking that they hoped her presence that evening would. be the means of promoting the formation of a ladies' cla<s in the comIllg winter. Th e vote was carried amidst loud applause. Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, in thanking the members for kind anu enthusiastic ,vote of thanks, stated that he was thoroughly 111 accord with them in their desire to form a ladies' class, and stated he \\'as sure that e\'ery assistance would be lent by the nursing sisters from St. John's Gate. A Yote of thanks was proposed to the chairman by i\lr. R. Gaston (Cluh World), seconded by :\lr. \IcGill ::t.nu unanimously. \Ir •.\lanIey brieRy replied and the proceedings terminated. A guuJ of honuur was formed up outside the building by members of Xu. 2 St. John's Gale Di\·ision

THE Cvullcil of the Volunteer \mbulan ce School of Instruction announce that a cbs,; for the tl<lillillg vf rc,:imental stll:!tcher bearers will be formed at the ot the LondoIl Rille BI igaue (by permiSSion ot Colonel II. C. Cholmonuelcy). on ;\londay, Octvber +th, co mmen cing at 7.30 p.m.

September, 1897. J FIRST lPortrait <Saller!!.

SUPERI:XTE:XDE:XT A. J. TIU\I:\IER, BIUGADE SUPERI:XTE:XDE:XT OF STORES.

SUPT. A. J

TRDDIEE was born in 18bI ,at Rochester .Sq uare, :\.\Y. , and he receiyed his educa"L tion at 1...7 ni yer::ii t\' College School. Ii1 18,q, he attended a COUf::,e of Ambulance Lectures at the German Gymnasium, and obtained his Certificate, joined the St. John's Gate Di \'lsiol1 of the :'IetropolitanCorps in 188. On the formation of the ):0. :2 St. John'::> Gate Di \'j::;ion, Trimmer waS appointed First Officer, a posltlon he retained until the promotion of Chief Superintendent :'Iorgan [Q the command of the :'IetlOpolitan Corps \,-hen he \\-as appointed to the Yacant post of Superintendent of Stores. In _-\ugust of this year, on the recommendLltion of the Brigade Chief Superintendent, he \\'015 appointed Brig::lde Superintendent of Store::" a ,Po-ition. which, in consequence of the large increase ot Bng::lde tores ha s noll' become an absolute neces.;.it", mon: especiaily as on occaions 5-:1ch as the rec.ent.' Jubilr:e, large numbers of men trom other may ha \-e to be pro\"ic1ed for, in addition to whIch the Annual Brigade Camp inYol\'ing, as it dee::;: tl:e requisitioning of GO\'ernment and other st?re5, \nll.111 the future as the numbers attending Camp ll1Crea5e. lI1Yo!\'c greater supen'ision and more time deyoterl to the_ work. That Superintendent Trimmer is the right m:111. tor the post will be readily conceded by all \\'ho \ntllessecl his energ\' and the tact he at all times shO\\'s ,,-hen carrying out hi duties. Thoroughly k;nd-he::lrted and of a generous disposition there are few more popylar officers in the sen'ice , and we are sure that all hrstaiders" will unite with us in the \yish that tluperintendent Trimmer may for many years continue to look after the commissariat- and eli pense ho_ pitLllity at the :1I1l1ual gatherings of the St. John Brigade. 1HotCB.

BY TOCR:\'TOCET.

r:>: common" it h all first aiders," 1118. \"e learned \I ith sorrO\y of, be from our midst of Serge:tnt Church, one of the hrst men enrolled in the Ti bshelf Corps.

He was accorded a Bl"ig.lde fu*neral, being con \'eyed to bis last resting place in the ambulance follolleu I))" the under the command of Mr. Stuart \Yardell, the deputy commiSSioner 01 the district. *

His funeral, \\hich took pLlce th: day bei'o;'e the annual review of the corps of the North Eastern District, cast a gloom O\' er II was otherwise::t most enjoyable m eeting. * i<

" I was glad to hear the kind :l.nd sympathetic. remarks anent ambulance work mauc by \l r. Hooler, 111 I\hose p)ctllresque.grounds the Ic"iew took place. I tru st that further J.cquaII1tance I\'lth the selfdenying character vf Olli work 11l.ly deepen that inte rest.

AID. 217

Bt11bulance at :ll3IacRpooI.

SPEECH BY THE SECRETARY.

THE HOI?e Secretary, who with his high Scate duties the representatIOn of Blackpool,. paId a to his on August 9th: 1897, under the happrest It was the first day of his as be sub::equently told hls hosts, and he found pleasure in deyotII1g It to the of tho;;e engaged in the highest form of philanthropy-the allenanon of suffering-. The occasion \Ias the opening of tllO new wards at the BlackJool Hospitll and the presentation of ::t.mbulanre ceruficates :)Ir :\latthe\\'s arri\'al all trooped 111 to the \\ here. lt 15 to be feared, the accommodation \Vas some\yhat II1 sufficlent.

_\ YUX'S 'YORK.

.'Ill'. John C. Derham. the Chief Con stahle and the \"sistant Commis5ioner for the :\"0.1\'. District of the -t. John Ambulance Brig:1de, tben ga"e an accvunt of the year s ambubnce work, in "hieh the police had taken part. from July 15[' to June 30th, 1397. There \yere two cases of fracture of the base of the 5"ull. t\YO cases of fractured r.Jl1ar bones; fractured arm bones, three; fractured leO" bones. nineteen; fractured ribs. four; limbs torn off, mo joint, one; sprain.;, LIIO cuts and hruises, fony; arterial bleeding, tl\O; \"enous bleeding-, one; intern:tl injuries and internal bleeding, sixteen; and nearly fony ocher cases of \'ari o us kinds. making one hundred anu fony-four cases in all. (:\..pphu::e.) The statement would leaye no doubt as to the usefu'ness and the neceosity for kno\\ ledge to policemen. CO ;1l plimentHY letters from I'arious medical men in the town had been recei\'ed in dozens. all speaking of the \"aluable aid renderd by the policemcn In audition to the police who ha\'e \\'on certificates. there w lS a number of bdies \\ho hall a se\ere examination in nursing. cHeaT hear.) The greatest po<sible credit was due to their lecturer. Dr. .\(0110)". who h:td "pem con,;iderable time in teaching them. \luch credit was also due to :\Irs. Orme. the lady superintendent, who had Leen mo:,t in gelling tht' member:: up to the classes. There \\'as also credit due to the members \yho had shown sucb application. He also mentioned that the Blackpool ladies had II on the challenge shielu against fourteen teams. represcnting twO hunurecl ladies, at :\"e!soll. (:\pplause.) He then asked Sir \latt hell' to distribute the certific:1.tes.

Sir :'II. "-. Ridley saiJ he remembered a h OlIt::t. ye:tr :l0"0 ha\ing the pri\'i!ege oi taking part. in a larger building- than that. in it yery ceremony in connection I\ith first,aid cenitlcate-. and he 113.5 inJeb,ed to Lhe commiL:ee , and to the Bo:nd f \f:t nagement. for be1TJg ab,le to present the cenific:ttes thaL day. He he:.rJ some time trom \Ir. "':lin\\Iighr. "ho tuok a great in the -1. j<)on ,\mbulance but he not then able to nuke a en£"agement:o come dOIl'n. \1r. \YainlYright wrote him a: the same time on behalf of the Chief C'nstable. d10 aSKed if it 11'3.5 po'sible that 't. John .-\mbulance men \I'ho lIent up to LOllcon un the oeca,sion of the Ju bile e. and g:1\'e their sen-ices to the .\Ietropolit:l n !Jolice in C:l.se of accident, \\'otiid be g-i\'en Ju bIlee medals. He In:; glad to be lhle 10 say [hat :111 holuers of the ,\s::ocia,ion'" certificate wh o gaye their sen ices on [h:n l'lca-ien would recei\'e the medal. Sir \Iaubew went on to sn)' they ll1110t all 'e \'ery pleaseu to hear thesatisiactory :llCount wbich the Chief Const:tble had just read. He dld not know to Iyhich class a kno\\ ledge of 6:'st-aid principles \\as most UfeiUl-tO police officers, to raih\'ay men, or to the who thet?seh'es to the \'ic;ims 01 3.ccldents. n regard tv the chs<es tor teachlllg the of nUT::ing, Sir .\latlhe\\ o:1id be regarded this as one of the mostuseflll deyelopmems the St fohn :\m b lilance e\er knO\\"l1. He \\as \'ery proud [Q be the means of handlI1g certlhcates to the ladies. (,\pplause.) ,.

The Chief Constable gave tbal,ks to :::Olr \lnlthew lc'r ha\'ll1g dl;' tributed certificates to the succe"sflll It lIould cert3.inly ce an encouragement for to proceed in their lIork. and, perhaps, also be an inducement tor others to

The Chairman declared the proceedmgs Ol'er, the. L1dles and gentlemen to inspect the ne\\" \\·:1rd.s and to partake 01 the :etre::hmems. The asscmHy troke up, and Il1terested e:l:amll1ed the twO new \yards, making com men ts of pleasant surpnse as they Iyem al ong. whilst others ndjourned to the refreshment 1'00111.

@rbcr of the 11)ospital of $t. john of 3crtlBalctll in J£nglan".

THE following officers in tbe St ;ohn ,\mbulance ba\-e, on the recommendation of the Coullcd Chapter, been Sen'inO" Brother:; in the Order: -Sup en.ntert.dents Tnmmer:... Prers. and " 'inn}' Chief Supenntendent :::oydn,ey \blkin (Potteries), SuperiI1le ndent (Herne .Superll1ten dent Heathcote (\Yinsford), Superll1,rendem T (BIfIUlngham), Secretary Stamp (Birmingham). T.he follOWing S,lsters ban: I been appointed llon. Sernng- Sisters :-Ladj Inspectol of Store" W. Sle.lth Gent, ::t.nd bdy Secretary \Ii ss Edith Bourke.

'Jlife Saving Societ\2.

NARROW ESCAPE FROM DROWN[NG.

"This morninO'," says the Norfolk Daily Standard of Friday, July 30th, "George whilst working near the staithe adjoining the New Star public-hou se, Quay Side, was informed by a little boy thaL a companion had fallen into the river. at went to the spot indicated and as he could not see anythl'1g of the Immersed youngster he acqua'inted William Bloom, the landlord of the public-house mentioned, with what he had been told. The two secured the drags and proceeded to use them. Several times, however, th ey threw the creepers in without result, until seeing some bubbles rise ne<lr the staithe they tried that p lace with the result that they

FISHED UP THE BOY and quickly got him ashore. He was unconscious and evidently in extreme peril, for he had been in the water several min utes Measures were immediately taken to re store animation. Constable Goldsmith, who was on duty in the vicinity, was informed of what had occurred, and on his prompt arrival he adopted Dr. Syh'ester's method of restoring the apparenlly drowned Assisted by Slipper and Bloom, he continued his exertions for three-quarters of an hour, at the expiration 0f which time their efforts were rewarded by seeing the little fellow man ifest signs of returning ::onsciousness. Dr. Simmons, who is act ing as locum tenens for Dr. \Varing, of Tombland, was sent for, and on arri \'a l expressed hig

ENTIRE APPROVAL OF WHAT HAD BEEN DO:\'E, and under his directions the lad was removed to his h ome and wrapped in blankets. Here he soon recovered. He is eight years old, and son of George Dicker, of Quay Side." The Norwich police have a very strong swimming club, which is affiliated with the Life Saving Society, and under whose auspices a class of instruction in saving life from drowning is regularly held, and the Norwich Swan Club members attend and conduct the instruction. The Norwich Club although far from the cent re oi organization has, through its members' devotion t o the cause of the Society, done spl endid work and taught a great many the best methods of rescue, &c., and as a result many of the pupils have been instrumental in saving life.

A RESCUE BY A PUPIL IN IRELAND.

The following brief account of a rescue by a pupil of the Belfast Class of r nstruction is am pie proof of the value of the knowledge imparted through the medium of the Life Saving Society. On Monday evening, July 12th, at Donaghadee, Mr. C. lVr:::;arry, a member of the Belfast Amateurs, and wbo is also a pupil of Mr. J. Carmichael's, in his Life Saving class, was th e means of saving the life of a young man from drowning. It appears he was bath ing and went out of his depth, and began to sink He called for help, and several swimmers went to try and assist him, but being ignorant of the proper methods were afra id to catch him. Mr. M ' Carry very plu-:kily swam to the rescue and succeeded in bringing the drowning man out in a few moments, who, after a good rubbing down, was nothing the worse. Mr. lVI'Carry deserves great praise for bis brave action, and only for his timely aid another life have been .lost through the lack of the proper knowledge of how o brIng a drownIng person to land. !\Ir. Carmichael's class has only recently been started, and he should be proud to know that through his in struction what might have been a ser ous accident was ave:ted.

Mr. Carmichael is the Han. District Representative of the Society at Belfast, where he has been the means of raising a considerable amount of enthusiasm, and has done valuable work in the p!'omotion of the and objects of the Society, he so ab ly represents 1 he above result of hiS labours must be as gratifying to him, as it is to every member of that useful body, who do not wish for a better return than the above.

ANOTHER STORY.

Mr. Bernard Harfield, County Coroner held an inquest the other day ?n the body of Amos Wykes, aged 20, who was drowned while bathIng at Bascombe. The following evidence proves the need of the knowledge promoted by the Life Saving Society being adopted at Bosc.ombe and taught :-Mr. John King, residing at 55, Road, Identified the deceased as Amo!' Wykes, of Bascombe, and said he and deceased went down to bat he in the sea They both got mto the water together on the east side of Bascombe Pier. After they had been in the water a little while

DECEASED WAS CALLING FOR HELP.

Witness and others called for help, and threw a lifebuoy to him, but he too far seemed to all at once. A gentleman bathmg l1C:;ar went to hiS aSSistance, but faded to rescue him. Witne ss was no SWimmer, an.d deceased was only a poor swimmer Mr. Henry Joseph Knott, a .vlsltor to Bournem outh, stated that he had been in the water ten mInutes. or a. quarter of an hour, and was coming out he saw a With hiS hands above his head shouti n g for help, VVltness shouted In answer, and to hi.m. Just before he got to he but upon hiS nSIng witness was quite near him.

\\ Itness Immediately caught hold of deceased, and said to him" Try

A I D. [S ep te mber, 189 7.

and kick out your legs a bit, and I'll gel you ashore a ll right," or some such words. He had gone with deceased about twelve yards, when he suddenly CLUTCHED AT ROUND THE WAIST. They both went under. vVitness got free, and when deceased ro se aga in witness got him along a few more yards, when deceased clutched him again, and again they went under. Witness then found that his st rength was going, and, being too exhausted to pull deceased along he was obliged to leave him. There were about thirtv or forty in the water the time, but no one came to witness's assistance. If there had been one or two others helping they could have saved deceased easily, as another six yards the dw?'C' tll(,Y COlIl{Z lia1' e tOI/C'/ted grolbnd. After some more evidence of a similar characte. and a brief summing up by the Coroner, the jury returned the usual ve'rdict of "Accidental Death," and added a rider, whi ch they desired the Coroner to convey to the Corporation, to the effect th:1t in their opinion the life of thedeceased might have been had a boat bee n available, and tl:at be provided .at the recognised b,thing statio ns wlthm their JUrisdictIOn. They might also have added that the vario us swimming organizations in the district teach not only the art of swimming but also of life-saving, not only to their members but als.o to the police men in charge of the bathing statIOns, as well as adVise th e CorporatIOn to promote classes of instru ction in connection with local Te chnical Education.

FRAMUNGHAM HOLDS THE

An examination was held by the above Society at Framlinaham Colleae on Friday, July 23rd, the examiners appointed by the cenflal committee being Messrs. C. R Oury and J. W. Lemon. An examinee writes" The striking of two by the school clock cau!:ed a noticeable tremOJ to run through the ranks of those mortals who, neaLly clad in raiment, drawn up "two deep" and • standing at ease," were awaltll1g. the of the examiners of the Life Saving Society, amid ommous silence broken only by agonized whispers as to what was the" medulla oblongata," and how did" osmosis" 1V0rk? The examiners having arrived, the" Company" was called to •• attention" and went through the yarious metbods of rescue and release and resusciof the apparently drowned, with true military pre cision, for which we have, 111 great part, to thank Sergt. O'Neil. An adjournment wss then made to the pavilion to answer questions on the org-ans at and and this par,; of the examinatioll being got ove r Without anyone commg a cropper, an advance was made to the swimm ing bath, the shapely and muscular amphibians who fo rmed the "Life Saving Society'S Class" giving vent to their joy at beina released from a long drill in the broiling sun and being able to themselves in their element by shr ill cries and deep bellowings while they rushed headlong to the sheds to speedily get rid of those irksome impositions of civilization -cl othes. Then they" fell in" at the Sides of the bath and prepared to go through the vClrious water drills. At the word of command, the front rank shot like a volley of musketry from each side of the bath and swam in an ever straight iine to the centre. "Rescuers! Ready-Go" the order. ]'{ec 1Iim'a. Tn a twinkl,ing. and a off went a second volley of diving musketry and With mcredlble qUickness and smartness rescued and rescuer were heading for the bank. Thi s was a very effective display and met with warm praise fro::l the examiners. And so with the remainder of the rescue drills , which were carried out with such clockwork-like regularity that one wonders that the examll1ers did not seek for hidden I\ires which might contr?l living automata. Throughout the whole of whl ch Illustrated the various circumstances which might anse,ll1 no case did the rescuer fail to bring his man safely to the shore

At the conclusion of the water-drills, the examiner (NIr. Oury) said: " The Headmaster, NIr. Lynch, and members of the school I had the h onour la st year of coming over to examine you and I extremely when the Executive of the Life Saving Society appoll1ted me to examll1e you again this su mmer. I am sure from what I have seen and from the keenness and enthusiasm which I know to exist! that the boys of .Fmmlingham College have every encouragement gIVen by thelf headmaster, and in this they are fortunate. year, With reference to the examination at this school, I said to my fnends home, that I had seen a sight that I should probably never see agalll, but I confess I ha e seen it eclipse:l year. I am sure tha of your sports. and there is none so u se ful ao swimming. It constitutes a phYSIcal tra1l1111g of the highest possible value. 1n sw imming you bring into play every muscle of your body as you do in no other sport ex:cept perhaps rowing. I h()pe you other members of the sc hool wilt be encouraged by what you have seen and will endeavour o make the class next year even larger than it is this."

Mr. J. W. Lemon added: " [ am delighted with you and with the manner in which the land, water, and resuscitation drills have been carried out.. You would be a credit to any sc h ool in the country, and your han. lllstructor deserves the greatest credit for the care and attention he has devoted to you in order to bring you to such perfection." (Applause). "I have onl y to say that if I could show yo u to my fellow citizens in No rwi ch, yo u would remember for m any a day tbe loud ap pl a u se and ringin g ch eers with which you would be greeted

September, 1897.J FIRST at the.command, • Right During coming holidays you Will op.portun ltles of strengthening and perfectingy?ur .water dll ll , I believe tcat If you sho uld happen to be in the VICll1lty of an aCCident, a representative of Framlingham WJuld allow himself to be seco nd to none."

Earlier in the day the members of the Junior School turned out for an in Life Saving Society 's Swimming Drill (a modificatIOn of those. 111 use for the armies of Germany and France) and ·earned great praise from the examiners.

We have since leal.'r.t that the success of Framl ingh1.m College is o n a scale wor hy of thiS amws ?nirabilis 1897, for it has far exceeded that?f any other or club in the country. Framlingham s tands first 111 England, WI th a total of 105 certificates and bronze medallions being followed by Haileybury with 87 Berkhamstead with 63 and Wellington College with 30.' ,

TIMELY ADVICE.

F1'om "The Field" Jn l y 31St, r897.

Th e records of "death from drownina" durinO' the last few days have furnished melancholy reflections. "'In a daily contemporary of Tuesday, July 20th, no le ss than 19 such casualities were specified. Of these all but tw.o arose out of bathing accidents One came about through the upsettmg of a boat near Hammersmith and in another a little gil:l fell. int o a But perhlps the sad'dest aspect of the IS that In [our instan ces out of this cata ogue of fatalltles the victims lost thei: through their own gallant attempts to save fellow-creatures; whde m two other cases would - be -rescuers had narr.ow escape.s for their own Ii ves. The present state of the we<lt her IS one which naturally tempts boys and men to indulge in tbe luxury of a bathe whe.re 0ppoltunity offers; the local river, canal, mdl b:ook , and eyen blmd clayhnles and cattle pounds have their attractIOns for rustles under. the influence of Sirius. The majority of these off-hand bathers are Village ads-probably on their way home from school. The more adult labourers have not so much time for a plunge during- working hours.

THERE IS ALWAYS SOME RISK FOR in bathing at a spot not laid out as a tyro's swimming school. Th ere may be dee p holes and there. also be mud. AlsJ, young rustics are not well posted 111 the hygienics of bathing, and it is not uncommon for them to amuse or knee deep in pond or brook, for an hour a. tlme! ,Y1thout the preliminary pre ca ution of the [hiS omlssl?n n?w and then p ro duces something like an apoplectiC seizure, espeCially If the sun is meantime overhead

vV,e suspect that many o.f the so-called cases of "cramp," which are reported to explall: h o w and why a yokel is suddenly seen in 111 the .ml.ght be more correctly ascribed to apoplectic tendencle.s from thiS omission .to wet the head on entering. \Vhen a co mrade IS thus obsefl'eJ to be 111 troub le , some one or two companions probably go to the resc ue. Their hearts are in the right place, but they have never been correct manner in which to approach a half·drowned rond se ml- CO l15CIOUS person. They advance and hold out a hand; that hand is at once CLUTCHED TNSTINCTLY BY THE OBJECT OF RESClTE, and as often as .not he pl'oceeds to hang on and t') ur<l w himself up till he embraces hiS would be round the neck. If this stage is once reached, even the best SWimmer may be \-ictiml se d, and both lives lost. We observe from rep orts hefore u s that this sort of double seems to have occurred thrice at least on July 19th. At r\ewcastle-und er-Lyme an elderly boy was dragged under by his younger brother, whom he was endeavourinO' to save. At Dundee <l like fatality occurreu, a lad of 1+ to save <lnother of 10 years old. At Torp01l1t, near Devonport two lads O'ot out of depth in the f!amoaze, anu a seaman, James Ellis, of H.2Ifs. Cambridge, Jumped 111 to help them. One boy at once caught hold of Ellis round and both were ?rowned in sight of others who co uld not help 111 time (the other lad bell1g saved). In two other cases on the same da>: of. attempted re scue the intended preservers had narrow escapes of their lives. Last of all co me s the record of the untimely death of Mr. Anthony, !-P., of Waterford. He and his stepsons were bathing 111 the sea, With a heavy swell rolling ashore. After Anthon.!' had retur!1ed to shallow water one of the boys got into ?Ifficultles; Mr. went back to help him, and hrought him mto hiS d.epth, until. the bo}' said be was allright. Then his stepfat her qUitted him for a time. The boy got into trouble again, and in the sec?nd rescue heavy seas swamped Mr. Anthol:y and him, whde the lad was washed ashore alive. rn this case the surf appears to have caused the fatality; for, as we read the reports, Mr. Anthony se ems to have known hal\' to act in rescue of this sort and not to hal e lost hi s head. He got behind the lad, and o ut of reach of a clutch and so bore him into safety, though by 50 doing HE LOST HIS OWN VALUABLE LIFE

In fiction it is common enough to read of the hero of a story plung ing gallantly t o of a drowning heroine, and bearing her with powerful to shore. The descnptlOns seem to l:aye suggested hemselves to wnters from. observations of a cloO' retrieving a piece of

A I D. 219

wood into the water, but in actual practice they do not exist. Good who. have made a study and practice of imaO'inar rescue the water, "'.Ill record verify how difficult it is for to and bnng to bank another nude comrade who IS the part of a drowning man, and not .nor half ll1senslble. a performer does not clutch nor 1mpede hiS rescuer, and yet thiS. sort of artificial rescue made e<1S the eyes of those who essay It to theweight, the difficulty of ou.t, and the slownes.s of progres s which OCcur to the rescuer. \\ hen III he.u of a make-belleve rescue, the real operation has to be performed, It be.comes far. more arduous, even if attempted and conducted sC I.entlfically; still more so if the rescuer, inexperienced ad vances to J01l1. with the friend in trouble, like partners in dance. The semi-conscIOUS state of

THE DROW:-.IING PERSON DESTROYS ALL PRESE:\'CE OF on the p.art ?f t.he latter, eVen if the commodity ever existed in him, and he mstll1ctlvely clutch e s at anything which he feels, and which seems to suppOrt. The correct approach to a drowning person is fro'II behi nd, a.nd very to avoid a clutch. *Oncearrived astern, a very light support (given at arm's length and while treading under the ears or he of the ne ck, will suffice to keep the ?bJect s head above water. If supported, the re::cued party IS not too far gone to the rescuer may presently tow hiS burden backward With safety. \\'llh a woman, if her bac k hair is real and can be drawn out as a tow rope, the task is rather easier and progress may soon commence. If it is a man who is beina sa,·ed' and he .cannot recover hi s breath, gain pre sence of mind"'to keep still while he IS. saved, the work IS much harder, because, so soon as the begll1s to move there is a chance of his legs tralilng. to touch those of burden, and the latter, if he can clutch them With hand or leg, obtall1s a fulcrum and purchase from which be m;y wnggle round and clutch and sink his preserver and himsE}lf also. \\ e have known a cool-headed rescuer go tbe lenath of duckinO' the head of a persistently object of rescue, he produced tem porary loss o.f thiS bell1g safest operation for both parties, aft.er due the pOSition. A really insensib le but still al1lmate body IS the ea.slest of all to bring to bank. lYe fear that it is of little use to preach m these columns traditional cautions to re ck less yokels who pine for a bathe on a summer's day. The warn ings as to wetting the head first, and as to

AVOIDING STEEP SHELVfNG BA)[KS AXD MUDDY for non-swimmers are older than grandsires, but there hal'e always been found thoughtless youth3 who Ignore them. However the thouah t that the life of some gallan.t may be thrown for of knowledge of hal\' to. d o It IS of Itself so distressing to every sportsman that our readers will. our herein of sundry rules for IIfe-savll1g, which every Etonian and Public Scho o l sWimmer was taug-ht as part of his school athletic education who is desirous of studying the prin ciples of rescue, as also of resuSCitatIOn of half-drowned persons, Gll1not d0 better than peruse the reports text books the Life Saving Society, now in tbe seventh year of ItS valuable eXi stence. An account of the O'ala of this Society appeared in our colums of bst month. Their and dr.sses held unde.r them are rapidly spreading in the ur ban educdlional centres .of the kmgdom:. The rustic "illage classes, who find most temptation to, and faobty for, bathing in sultry weather, are at present the furthest removed from the salutary in fluences of this S oc ;ety. Any local squire or parson who will ta ke the trouble to promote. a class of instruction. in !lis village, under the auspices of the Society, WIll ha ve the satlsfactlOn of feeling that his work will be the means of preserving many a life in the discrict as seasons roll by.

NARROW ESCAPE OF A SOLDIER.

The E1'I!IIing Hera ld Augu st lith.

"Whiist bathing in the \Ve st End Bathing Pla ce, Ipswich, a soldier, an entire stranger tJ the pbce, by mi sta ke entered the water where it was seven feet deep, and being unable to swim, was seen to be violently struggling. l\1r. \\-. J. Chapman, of the jife,s<l\ ing section of the Ipswich Swimming Club, who was awarded the Life-Sal' ina Society's medallion at the recent examination, being on the spot, di"ed in to the soldier's assistance, and succeeded with the help of i\lr. J. S. Hotson, in bringing him safely to land, "ery much frightened :lnd exhausted, but otherwise none the worse for his nall-ow escape. Although the boating and bathing season for this ye:J.r is nearly Ol'er, ?/IB 1,cntlwe to hope that this may lIIed the eye of aji:7/) S'l.I.'imIllIJrS at least , 'fI:I/O n;ill admit ill their on'n mind that tltere is slt'illlllling and s1IJill17llin.rl, the one for pleasl/?'(', and the othL'l' to (,llabZ( tltem to help a fellow C'reatlfre in distress. Any swimmer wishing to take palt ,in the class, &c., examination for proficiency certificates and medallions in this art, should communicate at once with the han. secretary of the liresaving section, Mr. Henry Deck, Silent Street, Ip swich." The hope expressed in the p art printed in it<lli c3 should be noted by every one who takes an interest in natation.

* To push a person to shore in the manner described, will have the effect of sink ing the face (of the one so pushed) under water, and probably result ill the rescuer drowning the person he is attempting to rescue.-ED.

F IRST A.. I D [Septem b el', 18 97

-

[

jf irst

KE:\'Sl."lGTO:\,-On July 15th, ,\][red Claxfield, of Redan \Y. , aged +5, was thrown from a cart in \\' esL K ensington, and sustatned a compou nd fracture ot tibia and fibula. Sergea n t Beeton, Toyn bee Hall Division, was near at hand, and with the assistance of P.C. F. stopped the bxmorrhage with pad and bandage, and the:l splints and applied t!lem to the limb, ,after\l',lIds removlI1g' th e on a litter to the \\ est London LI ospltal, wbere the surgeon hi gh y complimented the" fil'st-aiders" on the admirable \yay in wh ich the injury had been treated. the Doncaster CarrlYagon 'Yorks on W ednesday, August tb, rS9i, fil'e were unloading a wagon of iron plates when one of them, named 1\. Darrand, fell over a log and one of the plates fell on his leg cutting a deep \I'ound he \lelS promptly att.ended to by Primte F. Parker, corps, St. and 11r. G. Gallop of the G .l'\. h., Ambulance Class, who cook him to the Infirmary.

COUP O N TIC KET

SPECL\LLY BY

The Oce anAccident &Guara nt eeCorporation f

L I MI T ED,

40, 42 , & 44, M O ORGATE STREET, LON DON E.C to \\'hom Xoti('(' o[ Claims. umler tlw following' ('olH1 iti ons , lllllst li e seu t within sel'l'll days of Hl'citlenL to tlIe above £1

00

",ill he paid hy the al,(),,!: CClI'[lOnltiOIl to eg-a! re p.l'('sen nti,:c who is i<ill('c1 I1Y nil ,u'('iI1e llt to tl 1(' P nSSl'ng-er Irnll1 th e Unlt:ed Kl1lgcl om. 01 ()l1ftllllel I sla n ds), ill "hii'll tIl!' WH,8 a 11elect hea ring or paylllg' pasbl'nger, or \\ Ito slta ll havc l lepn ata l1 y 1I1.lul·l'd th e r eby (shollllltleath result. withilll1inpty <1,\\,8 allt' 8UI' h ::tl'L'ltll'.nt,).

PROVI D Eb liat tIle pen;on so ki lled or ill ur ec1 hall 11i s or her per soll, or h'u ll ert at hOllle tit-I(d, "'itt. his, 01' bel', usual s 'gn a ture, wntt en pJ'l or to llleacl'illent, on th e til'Ht'C provid!'(l belo\\', wh il,It, tng(' t h l'r wit.h th e g ivin g of 110t ice wit h in the t iII ,!, as Ilcr('i11 before ment ion(,t1. is t h e essence of thib contract. This il18Un1l\('p holds gom1 for (,HITl'lll olll y, fI llt! the benefits of. ami is s lIhj Pct to, t ll' I'olltlitions of the ACCIDBNT & G UAHAN'fBH

Limite,l. Act, )l-Hll," Wsks Kos. 2 & 1. The Corporation admit tlH\t tltp l'nl'cha e of ell 18 Paper IS the payment of a ]11'''111i <1111 um1el' Set·tion :H of tlte' Act.. No pt'I'80 1l can I'C(,OI'L'1' under JJlore thall one Coupon Lwket l\1rCS1)ect of the same risk.

Sif[l1atul'e

1\lessrs. Ransomes, Sims, and Jefferies were good enough to give a St. -:z.ohn Rtnbnl ancc BS5 0cia tio n. class for their Orwell Works' employes, and Mr. Harold Jefferie s J acted :1.5 secretary. Forty-sel'en attended full course of lecture s. DEtnlY -The distrihution of first :lid certifI,cates in connectio.n with r Applause.] The more interestino' part of the report was with classes belonzinz to Le\"s :'Ilalleable Iron" arks and the to the good practica done during" the l\[.i ss Railw:1.), Caniage and uep:1rtment LOok phce 111. St. Jan:es Coulcher gi\'ing numerous insta.nces 111 whIch 'al uabl e first aid, whI ch lligher Sch001 on I' nda}'. 6th .\Ug'llSt. :r he gre:ltel I:llmbel of gal'e great slti bction LO the medical men, :1'<1S rendered both by the the recipient, were fennle" who had pa"ed the tiret enmll1,atlOn With :l Police Ipswich Divisions.-The Chall man th,en presented the yiew ()[ qu,tiifring for the nursing renificate. :'IIr. .Le)", J,P.. certificates, medallions, aad I'ouchers.-The Re\,. II-. J. pro· President of the Derll\' centre, presided, and :'II I'S. Ley dlstnbuted th.e posed a Yote of thanks u' the lIon. Secretary and the M ed c al Staff.certific:ltes to the callLlida1E's. :'Il l'. Ley, in the C;lI:dl- \[i ss Coulcher, in reply, said she hoped lhat s u c.h a meetlllg as they dates upon their successful eX:lmi:l:1tion. hiS ?elng had the of seeing that nighL would st ir them up to fresh able Lo say th;lt ambubncc work in Derby w:1s. gro\\lI1g exlens l\'ely, effort. She ooked forwarll to the time when there would be a Corps and encouraged female recipients to take the nursll1g course Ley in Tp<;wieh, for wh ich they h.ave 52. men (exclusJve of officers), proposed a very hearty ,'ore of thanks to Dr. La.une, :\l.D., fOI' lIlstruct- and then, with a good Ill:lny gOll1g mto lll1 lform, they mIght e a.ble t.o ing the candidates, and expressed the pleasur.: It ga\'c to dlstr.lbute render beller sen'ice still. Since 1879 she had been engaged 111 thIS the celtificales. 1\1 1'. Osborne, president of the Mldbnd Rat!way \\'ork-[:lppbuse] -and had been happy in the work.-;\ l r. .F Ward, and W agon Department. corps, a \'ote of thanks to for the Medical Staff, sairi that nobody could form a better Judgment, :\ Irs. Ley for distri bu'.ing the certdica tes, "hlch was hy DI. as to the standard of this am btilance ,\'cnk, than the BOllse Surgeon n Laurie, \I. D :'III' Jordan, "ice-president of the Carnage and. " a.gon a Hospital. "f hen at tbe Ipswich and East Suffo lk Hospital h e Departlllent corps, proposed a "ote of th:lnks to l\!1:. Ley. whIch II;;S man\' cases in \1 hich first aid had been rendered, and he co u ld testIfy seconded by:\ l r. Bhnd (Ley's) :\Ir. Ley, 111 replpng: expressed h.ls tbat'it could hardly haye been done more effectually by medical men. thanks to :\1 r. Osborne and all tho<;e \I·ho tOL1k an aCl1\'e lI1terest 1Il [Applause.]-The Chairman also tbe of thanks, ambulance work, and the very areat ple:l sure it himself alwuys to and expressed a hope that the f pslI'lch DIYISIOn, as dlStll1ct .from tlte do all he (ould to assi,t in functions of that ch:lracter anrl encouraged Police Di\'ision, would shortly be the possessors of a wheeled htt er. In all who desired to :lcquire knowledge that would enable them to render conclusion on behalf of the meeting, he th:lnked the 11 ayor (Mr. F. T. actil'eand beneficial help in cases of emergency ., Cobbold) f'or having g-ranted them .1I.se of t h e. C;ou n ci Chamher, IpS\\·ICH.-- The a nlllia I meeting and distribution of pnzes 111 c?n- which of itself, he €aid, ga\'e a sort o[ ofhclal recognlllon to tbe 1110venection with the Tpswich centre of the St. ] obn Ambulance :\ssoclatlon ment in \I'hich they Il el e interested. "'as held on 26th Tul\'. in the Council Chamber :It the Town Hall. The chair was by G. S. Elliston (Deputy Commissioner of the Eastern and Central District), and amongst those present :Miss Coulcher (lady superintendent and hon. secret,ary), F. \'i ard, and :'III'. J. Hossack, of the :\Jedical Staff; ReI'.". S. }, tng, and the Rev. \I '. r. Garrould, :'IIiss Elliston, :\fiss Hems\\'orth, :\Irs. Hawtayne, :'Ifiss :\fud d, and many others. A c!'owded attendance testified to areat interest t:lken in this work by the public generally.- Tbe ChaHin opening the meeting, said that as to the work of the local centre would doubtless he alVen 111 the report of theIr hon. secretary, :\lis5 Coulcher. He more particularly con nected with the Sr. John Ambulance Brigade, and he thought that in I pS\\'ich they had made con sidera hIe progress s.i nce their last meeting at the Lyceum. [Applause.] One object of the. orgal1lz:ltlon was to render filst aid to the injured on publtc occaSIons, With the sanction of the police and other authorities, and to main tain in readiness for such duty a body' of trained men qualified so to act. Last year they had a D!yision of atout men; but since then they had fOl med a P"olice Division upwards of 30 members, and these during the winter had been attendina classes and lectures at Christchurch M ansion, and had perfected to such an extent that they been able to render most yaluable service. Then there was an IpswIch Di\'ision of upwards of 30 members. They had been working hand in hand with the police; they had attended the classes and. lectures, and had all, at the examination held in :'IIay, obtained medal1tons , vouchers, or first aid certificates They had also done a very great de.11 of useful public work They had a hospiral bell tent, with ambulance eqUIpment, and they had been to take duty on public occasions-in the football field, at the Agricultural Show, on Jubilee day, at the ]\lay?r'S entertainment to children, and also on Lifeboat Saturday, One thll1g he regretted II'as, that the Division had not taken his advice and begun to go into uniform. All O\'er the country the different Corps and Di I'isions \1 ere adoptiFlg a prescribed uni form, and th IS was, of course, an immense adl'antage on great public occasions, when the meml:ers should bear some mark of recognition. [H ea" hear.] At the] ubI lee celebration ill London, for instance, 350 m<!mbers came up from the prol'inces, fullY equipped, took their yarious stations, and discharged a u seful duty, much to the satisbction uf the Commissioner of Police, the Commissioner of the Brigade, and his Royal Highness the Grand Prior of the Order hi !TIseH. All who took such a part in that event considered it a great privilege, and his only regret was that some of the Ipswich men were not there in uniform to support him. Il e should also mention lhat some of the Illlr:;ing sisters, under the L ady SUDerinten· dent (:\liss Cou1che r ) had adopted the uniform, and done good work at various times. [.\pplause.]- :\li ss Cou1cher, who was r.eccil·ed with applause, then read her annual l eport. which will be pubhshed In full in due course. It WitS stJted that not so much work had been done lhis year, because the Towll Council withdrew a grant of Technical Education mone\' from the School Board, so that the lalter could no longer afford ambuia nce classes. The loss of these chea p classes had been seyerely fdt, and the hon. secretary had recei I'ed n U!l1erous applications to join classes which could not 1 e held owi ng to lack of means. Sbe hoped in the autumn they should have two women's classes, one in the ,lfternoons for tbose who could afford La pay half-aguinea, and one cheap one in the evenings, and she invited th ose who wi shed to join, or wh o had friends \\ishing to join, to send in their names. As it was, the men bad had it a ll their own way this year.

Th.e o J0\1 rf\al devoted Objects af\d of to j\mb\l laf\c e Life Savif\g Work ,

No, 40, - V OL IV. CEnt ered at StatIoners' Hall.] OCTOBER, 1897. PRI CE ONE PENNY, TRADE NOTICE

The Tr a de wil be s u ppl i ed b y Mr F. BRETT , 5, Pilg r im St re e t , L u d ga t e H ill, TERMS OF FOR 12 months, IS, 6d., po st free) to be sent to the Publishers

:f13r e\) itiCS.

.\VE recei\'ed the Annual Report of the Belfa st FIre and under the heading of ,I Ambulance" is the follOWing :-" The ha s receiyed 1,275 c:111s,. and respond e d to 1,2 6 b e l11g unabl e on seyen OCCl. S10 n S t o re spo nd. The w ork in connection \rich this br a nch of the se n "ice is cOlL id e rabh incr eas inrr o \\'i ng to th e pu bli c recognisinrr the ad'\"antarres obtain in g th e se n 'ices of the Co rps 0 ",h e n acc id ents occ ur."

IF. Belfa st, with it s comp3ratiYcly s mall p op ulation reCelyeS I ambulan ce calls in a year, h ow many cases would an 4-\.mbulance Sen'ice for L o nd o n hav e t o attend to in a tweh·el1lonth· oyer /,000 accidents i n the s treet s are rep o rted by th e p ol ice alone; these) with accidents in wo rk s h op s, th e d oc k s , at fires, &c., &c., w o uld raise the tota l t o thr ee or four tim e that numb er at lea st , Th is i.s a \'ery .stron g argument in fayour ot a properly orga m sed se rY) ce, ;1lld, 11l0r eo \' er , w e maintain that th e police are not able, ;l,nd are not _ uffi cien tly trJ. in ed, and h:l\'e not the pr ope r applian ces to cope wi th s uch an arra \' of cases.

SenrI!: countl"\' town s certainly set u s in London all e:o.:a mpl e , Tb ey man age t o get gTants from thelr Di s trict Councils so as to obtai n the proper appliances, and th e labo ur is pro\'ided by th e ,"o l untar), se n'i ces of the l ocal am bulance corps, \V e llingb o rough be tak en as a fair ex.a mpl e By our report o n anotber p J.ge it will be seen that a small t o wn lik e K ette ring is makin g an effort to get a grant from th e Urban Council for a similar purpose. We heartily wi sh it suc cess. >\'

OF course. Lond o n with huge populati o n and mil es upon mil es of st r eets is placed up o n a different footing. Pri\'ate enterprise could n o t deal with th e \\'o rk re q uir ed , it mu t be earned o ut by an efficient se n ice und e r the cont r ol of th e GO\'eniment or th e (o unty Council. **,*

THE ra ihyay accident on the L.B. c S.c. Rail\\'ay, nee(r sen"e' to illu strate once mor e th e great ,,'a nt of a mbulance arrangement" there is on some of our It d oes not see m to be a creditable state of affairs that pas'engers wh o are injured in an accident lla\'e t o \\'alk t wo or thre e mil es in the dri\'ing rain. \ Ve ba\'e b ee n unable to obtain, bey o nd the lett e r from l\Ir. l\lill \\' ood . a ny particular s of tl1e first aid rend ere d at the time of the aeciden t. \ V e are told that it \\'as t,,·o h o urs before th e II relief train" got to tbe sce ne, and we should \'ery much like to know what thi s train consisted of. Call any of our correspondents inform us? \ Ve fancy that the L.B. c' S.c. Rai l way does not boast \'ery much of its -a li ttle bashfu l in fact.

BY CHIRURGUS.

Tv the R,'ado s of I, First id."

TIlE subjec of poisoninO', with its symptol11sand tre:ltment, has always s<;emed to me to be one. first-aiders only comprehended with g-re'at and whetner It IS the fault of the subject itself, or of the w,,," It IS put bef?re them in the.text.books, or of both, I do not know ; I must.admlt :hat to the mllld of the layman, the terms and names of the are somewhat confusing. [f anything, then, C:ln be done to slmpltfy the subJe.ct, or to impress it more \'iyidly on the mental camera, I.t wdl be a. dls.unct and whether sh:lll succeed by re'<1ITe1nglllg the sectIOn \11 a dIfferent I do not knoll" but wit h the Editor's permission I will m:lke an attempt.

is w ell known to first-aiders, poisons are diyided into three classes, Irntants, corrosIves and narcotics. I don't see that this is of any ad\'ant:lge to an ambulance lnan, so shall ignore these \\'hei1 anyone is call.ed a C:lse of poisoning there is sOl11e prominent symptom sholl'lI1.g Itself III the patient; it is this symptom you to grasp and examIne, and from !l you le:lrn the n:lture of the poison, and the remedy you to apply It is on these lines propose to treat tbe subject, therelore shall ?ISCllSS each symptom separ:1tely. J list a fell' words on cases of pOtsonll1 o On beln a called to a case you may find el'idence of what tile poison is apart the patient s symptoms; in fact, unless it is a of murder, or of suicide in w h ich it is possible for the patient to make alra), with all traces of the drug befNe he is attacked by the symptOms, you \\'Ill disco\'er the receptacle, a cup, glass, bottle, 01 piece of paper, cont:lining' the rel1l:lins of the poison If, on a CUlsor)' on 0" the room you do nm ascertain the nature of tbe poison. or there is no one present I\ho

C:ln give the necessary information, do not waste an\, time, but devote your whole Jttention to the patient and the S)'l11ptoI1lS he is suffering from. Be careful that any vomited matter is not mOl'ed o u of the room, it should be kept fOI inspection by the doctor. It is hardly n ect'ssary for me to mention that the seI'I'ice3 of a doctor should be obtained as speedily ,.5 possible. The el'idence of a first-aider (who can exercise his common sense) as to the condition, position and appearance of the p:1tient:lnd his surroundings lI1i!!llt be of I'alue, and is cert:linly more to be depended upon th1n of the relative::; or people in the house, who, as a rule, ., lose their head" on occasions of this kind.

I t is son:ewhat difficult to draw the line as to Ilhat poi ')ns to mention and \Ihat to omit, I think it II ill be sufficicnt to give those that are commonly aken eithel by a.ccident 01 design, ;Ind the srmptoms of which come on suddenh'·. Cases of :[)II pOIsoning, such as by lead, or ar::enic in daily doses, will not be dealt Ilith.

Each Plo:11inent symptom will be de'cribed with the method of examination appropriate to e:1ch.

IXS E X S I BIUTY is a symptom that is always produced by mrcotic pois:)I1s, and ::ome other poisons as well; the ti:11e that elapses bel ween the taking of the poison and tbe insensibility ":lrying accordl\1g to the drug. In all cases where there is no external e\idence of the poison, the patient must be closely examined by ylHI in order to try and find out tbe lu:ure of the poi50n. In conducting this ex.lInination you must he careful to lake note of th e follo \y ing :-LoL)k :It the e\'es and obsen'e the pupils-whether large or snull, 01 if tbey rt',pond to light, examine the mouth and smell the hreath, see if there alt' marks about the rono-ue and lips, obselve the coloul of the face, note :he hre:lthing, and see if there are any stains atollt the lingers or clothes. In cases of insensibility, el'en if you are told [hilt a poison has been taken, it is just as well to remember that the dose may be small an.:i the conditioil may possibly be caused by a fit, concussi,'n, I f all the limbs are quite fbccid, the !'aL'e pale, lhe breathing healY, th e pulse slow, sk in cold, pupils dilated. Ililh a strong sll1ell of some nriety of alcoho in his breath the poison is Alcohol. It he is not 'ery [at go ne , it may be possible to rouse him. In poisoning hy the signs are similar, but the effects pass off sooner, and the pt'l'ultar :;mell of tbe drug s n ot iced.

If the fa ce is pale or dusky, and the pupils of tbe eye 'eIY l11uch co ntra c ted, the [Joisol1 is O pium. Th e bl'eathing become" slo l\' and shallow, tbe pu lse quick and weak.

J n poi so ning by C hl o ral he symptoms are practica ll y the sa m e a" tqat by Opium a nd the treatment s the

FIHST

I n cases of swallow ing Chloroform the insensibility is profound, with dilated pupils, and the sme ll of the drug in breath

Cases where life is in danger from inhalatiOn of Chloroform are not likely to come under your notice. "

If the unconsciousness comes on almost Immediately, followed hy con vul sions and great difficulty in eyes fixeu glistening, pupils dilated, then the limbs become fla:cld and the skll1 col.d an.J clammy, with a smell of bitter almonds. III the the pOlson IS Pruss ic Ac i d or Cyanide of PotasslUm , and It IS generally fatal in a few minutes.

In the latter stages of poisoning by Carbolic Acid comes on after the vomiting, &c.

In considering a case of insensibility, it is just as well to remember that the cond iti on may be produced by noxIOus gases, such as coal gas, carbonic acid gas, &c. (To he contililted.)

St. 30bn Bnlbnlattcc BS50ciatioll.

ISLE OF 'YIGHT.-On Thurs day afternoon, the 19th August last, there was a great g-athering at Carisbrooke Castle of the members of the "arious branches 01 the Isle or' Wi ght centre of the St. John Ambulance Associatiol. from all part,; of the I sle of 'Yigh t, and the occasion was honoured by the presence of a g-rand-daughter of the Oueen, Her Highness the Princess Vi ctoria of Schlesll'ig-Holstein, ,"Vho attended on behalf of H.R.II. the Princess Christian (president of the Isle of Wight centre), and presented the medallions and certificates gainer! by the mem bers in the last examinations. There was also a practical demonstration of ambulance "'ork of a yery interesting and instructil'e character by representatin's of the yarious Island corps, under the direction of :'Ilr. Henry L. La\\'es,superintendent of the X ewpon Di\'ision. Admirable arrangements, complete in el'ery detail, had been made by the honorary secretaries of th'! Centre, i\Iis s E. A. Evelegh and ,\11'. A. \V. Dre\\, and the proceedings throug-hout passed off with the greatest eclat and success, and the conclusil'e evidence afforded of the value of the Association's training in s;l\'ing human life and minimising suffer ing by the renaering of skilfu l first aid in cases of accident and illness should lead to a brge accession of members and increase of public interest anci suppOrt Before lea I'ing the Princess expressed to :\liss Evelegh and .\11'. Drew her pleasure at the excellence of the arrangements and success of the proceediugs, and requested that ,\11'. Lawes miD'ht be presented to her. This haying been done, Her Highness co ngratulated i\lr. Lawes on the admirable manner in which the demonstration by the members had been carried out under his directions, and humorously referred to the e\'ident success of the treatment of the patients as evidenced by the happy expressions they all maintained under their injuries. The -entnor -oluntee r Band was present, under i\1r. D'Anna, and enlil'ened the proceedings with some excellent selections. Among the recipien ts of medallions and certificates were Chief In spector Ayres and a number of other members of the Island constabulary, who kindly , 'olunteered their sen'ices in keeping the ground. :'I1any other members, as well as the demonstrators, al:.o rendered assistance in yarious ,yays.

St. }obn Bnlbulallce l13rigabe.

KETTERI:\'G.-In connection with the annual exhibition of flowers, fruit, and vegetables at the Kettering IVorking :'11 en's Club on Saturday, 28th A ugu.st an ambulance display was given by of the Kettering Corps, which had t he effect of conSIderably enhlnclllg the ll1terest of the dar's proceedings. The ambulance display was given on the 1a\\'n at the rearofthe club, \\"hich was admirably adapted for the purpose, the comfortableseats surroundingth.e lawn being filled witha tors, who followed the \'anousdrills and moyementswith much interest. and ofttimes amusement. The rain which fell so heayily during the afternoon fortunately cleared off before the r!isplay commenced, and although the la\\".n was somewhat damp, the programme was lSone through in its

The officers prc:ent were Chief Supt. F. T. Trenery, of - _orthampton, Supt T. A. Simpson, and Supt. C. IV. Lane. Mr. W F. ::\ edson, hon. treasurer of the Kettering Corps, '\lrs. Neilson, and i\Irs. C." Lane were also among the com pan y present. Thirteen members of the lo cal corps turned out to take part in the displa y, as follows :_

Staff-Sergt. Savage, Sergt. Panter, SergI. Cleaver, Cyclists Nash and R,uckman, Bearers T. F. :'IIitton, H. H. Botterill, A. E. Kilpack, ,\ oodcock, :'II "r/oll', C. Battlson, and A. :'IIann. The first item on the programme was drill, which was followed by s!retcher drill. After the mode of treatmg a person whose clothes were on fire had been by Sergt. Cleaver, the d!splay concludea with a very reaitstlc aCCident scene. The stack ofbncks ready for the enlargement of the club near to the la\\"n were maue to do sen'ice for the accident the crash o.f their .falling, by the groans of the three injured belI1g qUite theatncal, ,eRecting great credit upon the mgenUlty the stage manager. [he corps were divided into three squads, a pnze bemg offered for the Olle securing the most points in

AI D.

LOctober, 1897 , attending to the patients. The squads at tl:e time of the were lying on the grounG in Eupposed s leep. dll'ested their coats and wai stcoats. After treating the wOllnds the three patients were pla ced on the stretchers and com'eyed to "hospital," where the work was by the office;'s and points awarded. The whole thing was admirably carried out, and cert<tin ly [ormed a splendid finale to an interesting display. Chief Supt. Trenery, addresslog the three sqllads, said tbe work on the wh ole had been very well done, but the squads were so equal that the officers had decided to in crease th e prize so that it could be equally divided among the three squads. ThiS concluded the display. Chief Supt. Trenery was then called upon to present the certificates from the head quarters class. In dOlllg so he sa Id he could only echo Mr. Neilson's remal:ks. and thanked the committee. of the vVorking Men's Club for haYing 111 VI ted them there Supt. T. A. Simpson was glad to find that the public were at last begll1ll1ng to open theIr to the us efulness of the corps It was n ot got up for the benefit of weann g a uniform or for the alorification of one or two members, but their only aim was to render aid to any poor people in need of it. (Hear, hear.) He hoped that at Kettering the L"rban Council would try to combine the Fire Brigade room with a room for the Ambulance Corps, so that both these useful movements could be under one roof, and that the Council would also vote a sum of money for equipment. They now sel'en stations in the town, all properly equipped, and they would like to see another seven, for there were some parts where there was no station at all, and in case of an accident they would ha I'e to go a considerable d stance for help. Anothef step in the right direction which had been taken was to fixed in prominent positions a list of the members of the corps with a red c ross against the names of those liYing in the particular district in which list I"as hunD', so th.at first aid could be obtained in a case of an aCCident \\"lthOllt 103s of time. Pro. ceeding-, Supt. Simpson pointed out thelt he was not grumbling at wh at the public had done to help the corps, but be trusted that. they would cont inue to help them, to enable them to. fit up th.e town .wlth properly equipped stations, so that when the hospital In work.1l1g orJer would hay e proper appliances to take the patients to It. He agalll thanked the members of the ,VOI'king :'lIen's Club for what tbey had done for the movement, and trusted that they and the public generally would continue to assist them.

"The speakers at ii social g-athering held at the conclusion of the ambulc.nce display at the Kettering W orking ;\fe n's Club on aturday made out a "ery good case for the local corps being supported by a grant from the L"rban as lIe beliel'e is the case in many other towns. Ambulance men claim that they should be put on an equality with such institutions as fire brigades, &c., and it was suggested that at leJst the Kettering C"rban Council might provide head quarters for the two brigades-ambulance and fire Up to a short time aao the ambulance men not only had to attend all dnlls and classes at own expense, proyide their own uniforms and outfits, but in attendinD' a patient actually had to lose the time they were called away from lheirwork, and should the patient have to be taken tothe ;\l"orthampton Infirmary to pay the ir own fares. So far as out-of-pocket expenses are concerned, this scandalous state of affairs has nOI\' been remedied, but in the prol'ision of uniforms, &c., the .:ost still fa lIs on indil'idu<l I. 'I- e quite agree with the speakers on Saturday that, conSIder111g the adl'antages which the town enjoysin hal'ing a properly equippeJ ambulance corps in its midst, the l'rban Council should g-il e ",hatel'er help is required to keep the corps efficient. "-A'el/erillg lea./l'r.

KNTGHTON.-A public display of ambulance work, by the membel's of the Wheat Shc:af WorKS Ambulance Class, together with a distribution of cert ifi cates of tbe St. John Ambulance Association, took place at the Kn iD'hton Public Hall, Clarendon Park Road, on Saturday, +th, i\Ir. Butcher, manager of the works, presided, and ill the course of hi s ope ning remarks said it "'as the illLention of those connected with the ambulance class to associate with the work some of their s ubje ct, so that there might be a little more interest taken in it and also that it might be a means of gaining a grant from the Goyernment. They had been successful in avoiding seriolls accidents at tbe \Vheat Sheaf Works, and when they had had small accidents it had been the privilege of the ambulance class to render "first aid." He lo oked forward to the extension of this work, not only at their own place, but also in other factories and workshops. The members of the class then D'aye a demonstration of ambulance work, under the direction of Buckl ey, and a distribution of the cert ificates (35) by :'I1r. H .\laj or followed. Presentations to Supt. BUller and :\l essrs. Spencer and Skinner for their sen'ices in connection with the class was made ':ly the cha irman, follo wed by another demonstration. .\lr. Sedgwick, inspector of factories, also addressed a few words to the meeting, saying the best thing was not .only to be to help, a man after an accident, but to prel'ent aCCidents hnppenlllg. But accidents would happen, and there were mishaps which no huma n foresiaht co uld prevent, but unfortunately, in any large manufacturing there were accidents taking place day by day which. were preventable, and which scarcely came under the category of aCCidents at all. Day by day accide nt s occurred to workm cn who stupidly cleaned machinelY in motion, and when h e came t o Leicester he wa s surprised by the number of accidents which took place. !\'II'. Sedgwick

OCtOb21', 1807. J FIRST

c:oncl uded by gi ving instances of acciden ts which had been brough under his notice, illustrating the danger of meddling in any way with machinery whilst in motion. During the course of the proceedings the following prog-ramme of music was rendered. Overture, :'I[r. Skinner; song," Big 13en," Braisby; "Echoes," :'IIi sses Leeson and Broughton; song, "The Sentry, Everitt; song-, ." I';:illarne y," :\1 iss eale; song, "The Chiluren's Home," Miss Broughton. The usual yotes of thanks concluued the proceeding-s.

LEICESTER-With the growLh and more perfect del'elopment of the ambu lan ce mo\'ement, reguhr inspections have become a ma.tter of necessity, and annual in spections have now, in fact, ['een made imperati\'e by order from headquarters. The first annual inspection of the Leicester Corps was beld at the Drill Hall, at the :.\lagazine, on Saturday, September +th, hy Assistant Commissioner Surgeon Lieut.-Col. Ellisto n, -.D., of Ipswich, and Deputy i\.ssistant Commissioner "-oolston, of IYellinaborough The members of the corps, who did not muster in "ery large numbers, assembled at the Drill Hall at four o'clock, each dil'ision bringing with it its own particular paraphernalia Of the nine divisions which compose the Leicester Corps, the following "'ere represented: The To\\'n-\\"ho at present are the only ones who wear the uniform of the Order-the Fire Brigade, the Cyc li sts, St. :\Iary' s, and Ihe Working ;\len's College. The corps was under the command of Chief-Supt. Buckley, while Supt. Ely was in cbarge of the Fire Brigade dil ision, and Supt. King of the 'Yorking 1I1en's College. The sections ,y ere drawn up 111 two ranks, and after tbe .-\ssistant -Commissioner and his deputy, who" ere accompanied by Supt. Sec. Turner, had taken a brief sun'ey of the men, the various drills were proceeded with. At the conclusion of the inspection Assistant Commissioner Elliston addressed the members of the corps. He said that he had been looking forward with a good deal.of pleasure to that day Anyone who, like himself, had been engageu 111 ambulance work for a aood many years could not fail to have heard of the fame of as an centre. Their fame had travelled beyond the borders of their county, and he believed they had been told by Knutsforu that their work was Iyell known at St. John's Gate. Still, he was somewhat surprised to find what a very old corps they were. He had not come there that day to flatter them, but he expected they would wish him to tell them exactly what he thought of them. So fal as he could see, there was nothing to find fault with in \\ hat he had seen that afternoon. He was glad to notice that they were beginning to get into uniform, because he knell' thatin this centre it was not exactly popular. There was no uoubt that uniforms o n publ ic occasions were a great ad I·antage. In crowds pohce ,,·oul.d make way for them, and shOll' them more deference If they were 111 plain clothes. They were particularly noticeable 111 London on Jubilee Day, ",hen the Brigade was remarkably well receil'ed e\'erywhere. In fact in some of the streets through which Lhey passed on the way to their respecti\'e stations, they received quite a yolley of applause, indeed, almost an o\'ation This ha.d been a year all over the cOLIn try in which ambulance rr.en had had a good deal of work to do, and consequently they bad been very much brought to the fronL, anu very much noticed by the public. He ad\'ised them to go on and perfect themsell·es. If the men he sa,,' before him was a sample of the rest of the corps all he could say ',vas that they \I'ere a ve.ry body of men. He was sure they would look remarkably well 111 ul1lform; but, nel'ertheleS5, fro111 what he had seen, he was convinced that they were all men of the right stuff, and that whether they were in uniform or not they would do their duty in ambulance work. He should take an early opportunity of reponing upon them to and if in the meantime they went on and prospered, grew 111 number s and quality, and got through plenty of work, he thought they would pass a very fa I'ourable verdict upon them. The men were then dISmissed

The first annual inspection of this corps took place 011 Saturday, 18th September, the inspecting officer being Su;geon .\hjor Trimble, Deputy Commissioner for the onher:'1. DIStl'l.Ct, r:rescon.

The corps paraded at bead-quarters, the Central Fire StatIOn lard, at three o'clock, when there were on parade .3 Surgeons, Chief Superintendent, Drill Superintendent, + Supel llItendents of Divisions, In spector of .:'Ibterial, I Corps q6 Officers and men (86 police), 1 Lady Supennt.endent, Sisters, in clud ing the following officers :-Chlef Supenntendent, :\Ir. R. Peacock; Drill Superintendent, Mr. J. S. Jones; St ores, S. Carring-ton }Jon. Secretary, Mr. P. Taylor; Chief Surge?n, Dr. GeorD'e Thompson' Hon. Surg-eon, Dr Tomkys; and Supenntendents Divisions: '1\11'. B. Sellars, Equitable; Mr. J. T. Ward HOI sedge Street; 1\1r. R. Purdy HO.llim,,:ood and Drury Lane; and Mr. A. Forrest, P .S.A. Th e corps carned eight stretchers, and led by the police band, marched via Union Street, King Street, Manchester Street, Henshaw Street to the Drill IIall, at the Volunteer Armoury, where the inspection made. They then marched to the Station, where tea was provided, Subsequently a meetmg wa s held 111 tbe large recreation r oo m at the Fire Station, where the Chief Constable «(,11'. Robert Peacock) presided over a crowded assembly of members and friends. Dr. Trim cle, who was accorJeu a warm reception, said that it

AID. 223

gave him much pleasure to be present at the officia l inspection of the Oldham corps, and so far as he was personally concerned he should have pleasure in making a I'ery favourable report as to their efficiency to the Commissioner of the Brigade. It was indeed creditable both to the police force and to the corporation, and he thought the latter were to be congratulated upon allowing the Chief Constable to make it a rule that candidates admitted to the force should qualify as ambulance men. I t ,,{as more essen tial that policemen more than any other class ot' men should have a thorough, accurate and practical acquaintance of the principles of first aid. The police were brought into intimate touch with the public, sometimes too intimate he supposed, anu they were always at hanclwben accidents occurred. Prior to the establishment of the brigade system, members after haying gained their certificates had no means of practice, and consequently forgot in the course of time what they had been taught. howel'er, opportunity for practice was provided in the brigade system, and he hoped they would not be slow to take ad\'antage of the facilities thus afforded to keep their knowledge well up to date. Referring to the uniform of the corps, he stated that they ''''ere as much entitled to wear it as any branch of Her :'Ifaje sty's Service, either military, naval, or volunteer. The uniform they wore had been sanctioned by the Queen, and he strongly ad\'ised the corps to get unirorms as soon as possible. 'Yh e n in uniform people knew who and what [hey were, and in times of accident would render assistance they would not do if the men wore certain attire with imply the small badge, which miaht not always be discernible in the commotion attendant on an In making an inspec:i:m he struck with the great size of the Oldham P?licemen. He was. by no means little, but he felt very small when walkll1g bet\\een the ll11es of blue on parace. He asked the Chief Constable for an explanation of it, but the reply he got was that they needed big men in Oldha:n. Perhaps they understood the meaning of that better than he Continuing, he congratulated Dr. Thomson and Dr. Fort upon bemg elected Honorary Associates of the Order of St. John of J That was a distinguished honour to be conferred upon them, but It thoroughly deserved in both cases :\11'. Ha.lll. in moving a vote of thanks to Dr. Tnmble, s,Jld 111 hiS offiCial connectIOn with the Infirma ry he often heard testlmony.to ., alue of first aid rendered to cases subsequently brought to the msmutlOn for treatment. Inspector Jones, in a short but practical sec?nded the motion, which was carried ,,·ith acclamation. Dr. Tllmble bnefly acknowledged the compliment, and the formal proceedings terminated: InspectOr J ones then took the chair, and an SOCial el'enmg followed, songs, recitations, &c., being contributed by members and friends.

ROCHDALE.-On Tuesday eYening, qth September, in the room of the Central Reform C lub, the members of the Rochd:de Corps were entertained to dinner by Dr. Sellers, chief-surgeon the corps. There were present male and 13 female members ot the corps, all wearing their uniforms. Dr. Sellers. who presl:ied, gave the dinner in fulfilment of a promise which he made on Jubilee Day that he would entertain tbe corps i\ they won the challenge cup In the South-East Lancashire competition recently held at Bacup. The corp5 were victorious on that occasion, and the cup was displayed on the Central table at the dinner. The chairman was supported by Dr. Kerr, Dr. Jeffe rson, Dr. :\Ielvin, and Con wble ('\Ir. Buck), who is Chief Superintenden.t. The nce·chaJrmen were :'Ilr. G. i\liller, Secretary, and .\[r. IV. deg1l1botham, In specLOr of Stores. :'I[r. IV. Ingham, Superintendent, was amof.1gst the others ,Present. Chairman submitted the first toast, which was that of The Queen. The toast was drank with musical honours. The prop.ned " Success to the Rochdale ,\.mb ulan ce Corps." In. dOing so he referred to the origination of the ambulance 111 and. to the neces sity of drill, discipline, uniform 111 connectlon \\"lth the org-anisation. Proceeding he said he was ye ry proud that the first tin Ie the challeng-e cup had been competed for It had come to Rochdal.e. He hoped this ,,:-ould not be the last time the local corps woul? hold It. He would not be satisfied un til they the cup with every obtainable point, and he sho.uld not be qUite satisfied then He should not be satisfied until eyer}' member of the lOla, \las well up in ambulance work and knollledge as was the speCIal competition squa d which wo n the cup. He wanted them to be the best and smartest corps in the country. :'II.r. :0 the toast. He briefiy ske:ched Its du.nng Lhe four )eaIS, and al so spoke of the generous manner 111 the publiC had to the a peals for funds to pay for the eqUIpment of the p". The corps become one of the .in the country: and llS mem.bers maintaineci a loyal spirit of dlSClplllle. The of uniform for ambulance men had been repeatedly at tImes where were re uired to render first aid. In his Ol? il11 on .the smart appealance ot Ro chd ale corps had much to do WIth tbelr success at the com etition. i\lr. Tngham proposed" The Honorary es the health of the chief-surgeon, Dr. Sellers, fOi hiS in with th e preparations for the challenge cup The to a st was drank with mu sical honours, ,,:ere Dr. Sellers, illrs. Sellers, and their ch ildren. he c airman ne y replied, and the proceeuings ended.

FIRST

AID. OCTOBER 1, 1897.

F!nST I

...l.T the pl'esent moment there is ;1, COll-

3.:\IDl;L3.'\CB sielern hIe n.monut of excitement in t,he dxn TIlE mellical concer ning the elcction of 11, repr csent'1.tlve of. the mec1icc1.l PROFESSIOX, pnwtitioners to sit on th e Geneml Medical Council, the govern ing body of the profession JU elli cal men are being canv<1ssec1 by vn.l'ions ca.llllic1ates, and are being issued. Amongst these is one publishec1 by a Dr. Rigby, of Pl'eston, and in of the stnmge st,1.tements contained in it concerning the conduct of certificated ambulance men, '\'e feel bOllJlll to tn ke notice of it and (lirect the attention of Ollr reilllers to it.

If it 'wel'e not fol' the fn.ct that the ac1cll'ess is pub lished in all the medicul papel's, ,mel is proba,bly rea,el by the greater pm·t if nc,t ,111 of the members of thc profession, n,nd also by ma.ny of the by public as well, we shou ld not deem it wOl,thy of notice.

W e will let Dr. Rigby speak for himself in the following extracts :-

" The Ambulance Association has sorun a up into viaorous existencenobody can predict where it will lead 'to in"'the '. An?tber thing that has struck me most forcibly is the reckless way in ,\'hlch, of recent years, we have taken to ai'vin a free instruction in what is first aid. in surgery, with the'" of different graded certificates to candidates :tfter examination. This movement orig inate.:!, belIeve, In a class. of persons quite outside of the profession-the lI'as never seriously though: out by the profession at large, was chlefly.eng1l1eered by a number of the youngest and most inexperienced praCtitIOners and, as a result, we are noll' faced with the fact that a body of men has sprung into existence, certificated, uniformed, drilled, decorated (for there are a number of coveted distinctions distributed :tmongst them), and. of a quasi -m edical quasi.military status, which, I fear, the future Will become a prolihc breeding ground for rregular ThiS would n?t matter much, but I find that no\\', in the of .any emergency anslllg, thJt tbe sen'ice of a medical man is not ImmeciJatel,y sought, but one of these nondescr:pt indi\'iduals is sent for, uses hiS own J ud gment as to the pr imary treatment of the case, and deC ide s whether he feels fully competent to tackle it or not, failing which he at last condescends to send for a qualified doctor, usually, 1 say! \\'ho so kllldly gratUitously instructed him in the aforesaid duties.

It will be observed that the wl·iter of this ac1Llr e:::s is not particulady complimentary to fi.rst-aiders 01' to those membet·s of hi profession ,,'ho hav e instructed 'them Th e stinO' of the charge, ho",e \'el', li es in the la.st sentence. For own part ,,'e do not for one moment believe that first-aiders a,s a body a.ct in the manner Dr. Rigby as.:;erts -if they do, thcy.",re gomg beyond theil' dutie and deserve to be scverely l' e pl"l1nal1l1 e(1 Oba.l'ges of this kind ought noi to be made unless.they be .pl·oyed up to the hilt, and we hope that wlll bnng forward the cases on which he bases lllLhctment Th ere is n, mem bel' of the medical profession hvmg neal' Pr.esto n who takes <1, mostacti\-e part in ambula.nce work-we rl'fel' to :JLljOl' Trimble, Assi trmt Commissioner of the St. John Ambllln.nce Brigade-who ought to he able to say somctlllng as to the truth of these chtu'O'es vVh ethel' the ..mbuhmc3 As sociation " (by \''''hicb iF; mean t St. John Ambula1](; e As.::;o.ciation) will plead guilty to the that the.y m'e Pl'o"llhng' a :' prolific breecli nO' O'l'ounll fOl' llT c.g nl:tl· pl'actitiollCl''';,'' 01' whcthcl' the ° of ,'t. J WIll tcel at heing st.dcc1 ,L "class of p ersons, " \\ C .cl:>. not "kllOW, think llot- <myhow, they :u'e pel fectlr ldp:ll>lc of (kfl'lllllllg thelll:-ieh'e:-i if lleCl':-iS<lI'V. hlgi,,\> 110\\'['\'e l' , (luL'''; !lot sel'lll to La (Illite Aftel' dClIIIlllng the ;tlllhlll.lll(;O llLO \ 'Cl.lH'llt in the ch oico hmguag-c (lILULl' d Ill' goe,.; Oll to s<l.yh "Alds II cOl 15idc iL·ahsn lu tc Y,nco c.cssa l y tlia not a fel\' only l!Lil evel "Ilod y s ou l;t\'C'1 kllo\ll e I c f I I I 0 II Mt LO L <J III :l su r F C l elller"enc), w Ollld supersec e lC

A

I b. [ Octobe r, schools of e leme n tary rules to be obsc n'ed in emergencies for arrest of hzcmolThage, the resus c i tation of the a pp:trently drowned, the first aid of severe injuries, and sllch cognate subjects."

-an apparent wn.nt of hUl'lnony.

In'the fil'st extract given Dr. Rigby says tha.t n obody can pl'ellict whel' e it," (the ambulance movement w e suppose he means), "w i1ll en,c1 to in the future " but by the time he gets ne(1.r the end of his address he practica.lly foretells it, We can predict a littl e IDOl'e, viz., that each town of any siz e will have its o,, n ambulance corps a.nel app lia.nces, that railways ;111 l arge mn,nufactOl·ie will have etDci.eut CCll'ps and plants, a.nd, 1110reOyer, that the medical pl'ofessioll will not suffer from the movement but will gain by it.

We shall be g lad to hear whether Dr. Rigby's can be s ub stantiated,

1RaUwa\? BmbulRllcc.

GREAT \VESTER1 RAILWAy-On the distribution, on the 5th ult., at th e Bristol RJilway St:ttion, of certificates :l.l1d medallions to the members of the above class o f St. J o hn Ambulan ce Asso c iation, Mr. Kisling b ury (district superi ntendent), in addressing the class, said the success of the previous cl<lsses would no doubt be g:-eatly added to now that the Great \Ve ste rn Railway Company W<lS formed int o a centre of its own with H. R.H. Princess Christian as president. Thi s occasion w:ts taken advantage of by the lnembers of the class and some friends to present ;'1r. Harry F. Devis, L.R.C.P. Lond., .\I. R.C.S. Eng., of Bristol, with a gold watch, suitably in scribed, as a mark of appreciativn of his instructi l'e l ectures on first aid.

'\IR ROWED, the genial and courteous station master at Paddington was recently presented by Her l\1ajesty the Queen with a very handsome scarf pin cons s ting of the lette rs V.R.I. under the Royal Crown, the whole being in diamonds and ru bies. Thi s high honour was paid '\1r. Rowed in recognition of his excellent services when the QUf.en or any :'.lembers ofthe Royal Family travel to and from Wind sor and the i\letr opolis. He \\" as one of tbe early promoters of the am bulance cause on the Great \Ye stern Railway, and as an old first-aider and one wh o still takes interest in the work, it gil'es us great pleasure to congratulate o ur frIend.

LONDO:-.l A:\,D WE STERN RAIL\\"AY.-.\ l r. We st, the London and :\' orth Western Railway Company's agen t, presided at:t smoking concert, \\ hen the medals and certificates were presented to the men employed at the G ladwick R oad and Clegg Street 5ta tions, Oldham, who had distinguished themseh'es in connection w ith the St. J oh n Ambulance Association, under the training of Dr. Tomkys. In the course of his address, '\lr, We st said Lhat he was conyinced that a large percentage of minor casualities were to a great extent due to the lo cal custom of wearin g clogs, which were n"ore Cl umsy, slippery, and liabl e to stick to tbe points, etc , than leather boots The company had, he said, b een very good in regard to increases in \I'ages to the staff, and he would like to ask the mcn to utilise a small portion of the extra money in providing themselves with boots or he should certainly make a suggestion in the proper quarter that the w2aring of leather covenngs for the feet s h ould be made a condition of sen·ice

- ;\IIDLAND' RATL\\'AY.-A meeting of the members of this class \\':15 held in the Tank House, Sheffield, on Sunday morning last t he 5th ul t.. when the whole of the members who had successfully passed th eir examinations were presented with certincates from the St. John Ambulance Asso c iation. ;'Ilr. Harland, District Lo co Superintendem and President of the class, presided Tbe Chairman presented each of the mem bers wi h his ce rtifi cate, after which he sai d he had another very pleasant dUly to pel form, which was to present to Dr. Sheahan,on behalf of'the class, a small token of regard for the services he had gratuitously ;'endered in instructing the class. The token was a beautiful sih'er cig:tr case, allLl in presen ti ng it to the Doctor, he said he hoped he would accept it in the spiriL in whi ch it wa s given, and he ho.ped he wou ld live l ong to fill and empty it. Th e D octo r, in repl y, Said that apart from any pre sent he felt that he had only done his ?uty, aJ.ld he consid.ered that ought to be sufficient recompense, and JI1 deec. It was so to hun. He hearti y thanked each one of them, and Cited a case that had been brought to his placf o nly the week p r evious, where an ambulance nun had rendered first aid to a man who had been injured, and had probably saved tbe man many weeks of pain and sufferIng through bell1g able to stop the bleeding in time. He hoped they wou ld go an and keep in pracLice, and try and induce othe rs to join, and promised to come :H a ny time and give them a helping hanJ. He to Ll!;\l1 k t.he secreta ril' s for thc hel p they had given him In the pra cLIcal 11' 01 k, especially fIIr. Bartley, to wh ose untiring efforts a great deal of the credit belong-ed that they had pas sed i n such a manner. H e pro pos ed a vote oi Lhank s to Lhl! Se cret:uil!s, "hi c h was carried 1l11:lllill1 u usly. lI e thell projlobed a 'ole of th a llk s to the Pre s dc ll t,. whi l1 was al so canied and u l u u ght a n :ry pka::ulIL meelilig lv a dose.

FIRST <Sallerp.

\VIL LlAM HE:\"RY ESQ., Hox, SECRETA.RY OF THE LIFE SA\T\G SOCIETY,

AID 226

O

UR readers wi 11 be very pleased see that Our P ortrait Gallery is occu pied t hi s month bv a gentleman is e'\ceedingly wellk11I)\\'11 in the Swimming world. His tit le to appear in this colum n amongst first aid workers re ts upon the fact that he has de\'oted a good de?l of his time to the de\'eloping

Iff' teaching of the method s of rescuing drmn1ing persons, wbich is true first aid. Before any method of resuscltatmg an drowned person can be applied, the indiyidual must be rescued-in other ,,"ords, II 6rst catch your hare before you cook it. "

:\lr. Henry ,n. s born in L ondon in 1839, and taken by his parent s to the Continent, returning from there in 76. He commenced swimming in 187 and soon afterwards began his racing career, which practically ended a few years ago, ::ll1d during this period he became the posse 'o r of nearly 300 prizes-enough to stock a silyersmith's shop-incl uding ch::lmpionships, challenge cups, and other smaller fry. Last year eyen he took part in an international rac e at Frankfort-on-)Iain, beating the best r epresenta tiye 'i of Germany and_-\ustria, and \\ inning a handsome sih'er goblet. )1r. Henry is also recognised to be the best scientific s,,'immer in the country, and can do all kinds of ,,'onderful feats in th e water.

It is, howel'er his " 'or k in connection with the Life Sa\'ing Soci ety that marks out l\lr. Henry as an enthusiast in "flrst aid. This humane in stit uti on, whose objects are by this time well-known to our reJders, WJS commenced in 189 I, and sinc e thJt time, under the management of ?VIr. H enry, has done an immense amount of work. )[ r. Henry holds that swimming and the methods of rescuing drowning persons sho uld be taught to chilcren, and eSfecially in schools.

In conjunction with Sinclair, he has brought out a b00k, " Swimming," the best book e\'er published on the subject, and they ha\'e also written most of the pu blicati o ns of the Life-Saying Society, their latest \\'ork being a "Treatise on Teaching S\ "immin g in Schools," publi shed in this year's report of the Society.

The Order of St. John hJl'e recognised his greJt e ryi ces in the cau e of first aid, by electing him Hon. Associate.

vVe understand that )Ir. Henry does not possess a cert i5 cate for rendering first aid, but we trust it will not be lo n o before this document is in company with hi s othe r priLes, and then he will be a first-aider in all its br:lll c h es.

The ready tact and geniality that 1\[1'. Henry dispbys when he g i ves exhibitions and acldr esses on his favourite

subject, and the uniform courtesy which he shows to all enquirers, ha\'e greatly help ed to further the objects of the Life Saving and in welcoming :\11'. H enry.to the ranks of first-alders, we wish that el'ery success. may attend his efforts, feeling confident that the ambulanc·e as a whole will benefit by the exertions of mE.n of true grit, such as he has shown himself to be.

Blnbnlance \lU1orlt.

CITY POLICE FORCE, CAPE 1'0\\':\.

To THE EDITOR OF FIRST .\ID.

DE,-Ul SIR.-Enc1osed piease find report of the Iyork out here, of ,\"hich I was surprised to find so little was known. haye not had the opportunity of getting to know much yct of the local society, as 1 had a diffir:ulty in finding it out. Ho\\,eyer will giye you more anotber month. You will see by address abO\'e that am in the police force here, and I intend to do all I can tJ funher the .\mbulance CJuse. Your obedient en'ant, JOSEPH J. \YARDLE. L atc lllll O/licCl' of the A'esll'lck ('Oi'PS (f The St. Jolw --t1l1&lli,lI1cG nri:;<lde, England. ::\O\\' th::tt I have had time to ascert:tin tbe position of ambulance work ill South Afric:t I woulLi like to let your readers know a litlle of the ,york done out here I was very sorry to fllld ou t thaL tbe \\ork is yery little thought of, considering some of the outbndish places there are, and so many miles from any medical man. There is an ambulance wciety of St. John's in Cape Town, \yith an able secretary in the ReI'. "-\. P. Bender, and -\. E i\bbott, directOr of stOres, both of \\h om rendered valuable assist:tnce on the occas io n of the Diamond Jubilee on the 22nd J line, in provid in.g stores for Ca pe TO\\"n anu Johannesburg. Considering the number of people who Iyi t nessed the procession it speaks well that there were only 7 accidents in Cape To\\'n and 13 in J ohannesburg, \\hich "'ere attended t o by mem bers of the soc iety stationed at diffe ren positions on the route. .-\ll the police on joining the force ha\'e to go through a course of first aid at the Poli ce Casualty Hospital, underthe superyision of the police, Dr. "..\rmstrong, who takes a yery great deal of interest in the Iyork, and is always kept busy attending to the cases brougbt in by the police. hospital is yery well equipped with and an ..\shford" lItter and an ambulance carnage. Flr:;t·alders coming out here and intending going up country "ould do \\'ell in bringing their certificates and books with as good situations are to be met \\'ith by tho se having a kno\\'ledge ot first ;:lId. At the present time I would advise no one to come out unle ss they haye Situations to come to, as ::111 trades are at a standstill I always look fon\"ard to my copy of" First ,-\id " coming \yith the malls.

To our contributor at ::\ew S ou th \Yal es we return our warmeot thanks' her articles \\ere receiyed toO late to appear in this month's ) oumal', but will be in our ::\O\'ember issue. \'e thank her ior the kind in terest she is taking in our little Journal's progress.

H 'IDagonct" anb jfirst Bit,.

lY E take the following paragraph from the" .'.Iu stard and Cress ., columns of the Riji:r£'c :-" But the police at Biackpool enJoy an enviable distinction. Eyery man is skilled in first aid. The Chief, .'.[r. J. C. Derham, is an entbusiast. At the police-station is a perfectly equipped ambulance wagon. All ol'er .town :tre stations, at ,,,hich :tre depOSited boxes conta1l1 1l1g that IS likely to be \"anted in case of an accident. The ,Police treat :til cases so far as renderiI1!S" first aid, and are constantly bell1g complimented by the doctors on the remarkable skill they ha\e displayed. The of Blackpool reccntly "' on a sih'er :hallenge shield in a first aid competition, in which fOLlrteen teams irom all putS competed. The Home Secretary went to Blackpoo l and personally complllll.ented :-Ir. Derham on the O'rand work his men had done. .-\Iso It was at BlackpoOI that he the first annOUn Ce l?len tbat the .r med d \\as at last to be to all the first ald men (and the ladles, too) who took part in that magnificent nati o nal pageant. Here, agalll, Blackpool is far ahead of the SO.lIth EYen. in haye at prcsent no properly-organised police FIrst Aid Sernce. '.'

[ There is an old to the effect to-day, England WIll thJl1k to-morro\\'. Is Jl so Jl1 case .-ED J

..-\::\S \\,ERS TO

T. \Y OOLG:\R.-Uur correspondent is a member. of tbe John \m bulance Brigade, and also of the Carshalton Fire Bngade. H.: suggests that tbe .I ubilee medal should be I'e n to all those, oi-tlle Brigade "ho did dut)' in any p:1rt ot the c.auntry Ihls IS :t \'ery large -ordel' and we are :J fraid COllie not be c:tlrIed .0Llt. ,

[ lY e haye to thank our many corresponJents for CllttJl1gs, &c. J

lLifc Saving Soeiet\?

1 HE CE:\'TRAL EXECGTI\'E.

A meeting of the Central Execuriye was held September 9th. at the offices, 8,. Bayl.ey Street, IY.C. The Hon. Sec. reported that since the last meeting sixteen schools and classes had been examined for the certi ficates and medallions of the Society, for which 405 candi(liltes had entered, and of these 339 were passed by the examiners. The reports haying been approved, the awards were ordered to be prepared for presentation.

It was resolyed that the final tie of the Life Sayino- Competition be decided at Glasgow on October 30th. This has been altered. to :\"o\'ember 9th at the special request of the Scottish Branch Committee who found the former date rather incom·enlenr. It was resoh-ed that the Scottish Branch be im'ited to undertake the manao-eand organisation of .the display and g:da that el·ening. The of the meet111g of the Scottish Branch \yere read, and the elec.tlon of officers appro\'ed, the hon. sec. being instructed to fOf\l":lrd copies of rules, books, &c., for the use of classes.

The rules for the .:\ational Competition were read, and the hon. sec. reported that S111ce the last meetino- three of the Society had been instrumental in s:n'ino- life drownino-.

The conditions for the Society s diploma (entries (or "'hich close on Sep.tember 30th) were next considered, passed as set forth below, s.ubJect to confirmation by the Annual General :\Ieeting. The conjilIons were ordered to be printed and circulated.

The election of nine swimming clubs and sel'eral indil idual members was confirmed, and after the hon. sec. had reported that a bro-e number of schools L.eeds, :\"ottingham, Chatham, London, had entered for the sWlmmmg a\mrds, the meeting cl05ed.

THE DIPLO:\L\ OF THE LIFE SOCIETY. RI'LES A:-;-D REGl'L-\TIO:-;-S FOR T. diplon.1a of the Society will be a\\'arded to any passinO" an examlllalion In the theory and practice of swimmino-. "" z. Th.e examin :ltion will be in tl\"O p :uts-(a), Theoretic;I1, to be "rltten Il1 the form of an essay; (b), Practical, i.c., personal periormance by the candidate.

3· The essay for the theOl'etical examination must not eXL'eeu six foolscap pages in length, written on one side of the paper only, and must contain the candidate's yiews upon

a) I.mpo;tance and adl':l11tages of the knowledge of the art of sWimmIng.

(n) Effect of swimming as an exercise upon the grO\nh and de\'elopment of the body.

(c) .-\ short descri.ption of the lungs and respiration; the blood and Its circulatIOn.

(Ii) The effect of excessiye exercise or o\'er-fatigue, and in Physiology of brea thlessness.

(c) Precautions as. to. loss of heat, and how to a\'oid cramp.

U) A short d.escnptIOn of best method of teaching s\\·imming.

+- For the e::mmIl1atlon, which may be taken in one or two parts, carh candIdate must perform the following eyolutions in water before the examIl1ers :

(a) To carry-dressed in a 5\Yimmino- costume shirt tie collar boot '"'''' ,5, waIStcoat, and jacket-a person by the second or third method of rescue a distance of a lea q 15 yards. -

(n) To undress on the surface of the water.

(c) To. swil:' i.e., .without any pause or rest, for mehe minutes m the folloWIl1g four positions: (]) on thp breast, (2) the back, using arms and legs; (3) on the T the arms. beIng fol:led on the che_t; and (+) oyerarm side stroke. hlee !llIl1utes allowed for each position.

(d) To dl\'e from. the surface of the Ilater to a depth of at lea fil'e feet and raise an object to the surface s

(e) float motionless on the surface of water for at Ie th ITty seconds. ast

(l) To diYe fr0m heights not exceedina fi\'e feet

(g) To a distance of not less fony

To sWIm by means of the propeller a distance of thirt feet

(I) To tU.rn two somersaults forwards and backwards. } (j) To least voluntary moyements illustratino- fancy and sWlm.mmg. "

(k) To gl\'e Illustrations, as may be required by the ex' f , teach.ing swimming, diying, floating, and life savin ammers, 0 :>. A maxlmurr: of points will be allowed for eacf subJ'ect and movement mentIOned Il1 Rules a d ,\ d'd obtain '0 per rent f th .:> n +' ny .can ate failing to :1 • 0 e maximum pOSSible POIl1ts a/lo - d f h subject or will be disqualified. "e or

6. CandIdates for the diploma must hold the profi 'fi and medal!" f h S clency c('rtl cate .lOn 0 t e oClety and send their full name d dd together With an examination fee of 55 to the hon as ress, than Sf ptem ber 30 th in each year. c. 0 e oClety d' .l he Central will appoint two examiners and fix d an ,Place of Candidates Obtaining- So per 'cent. ·of maxImum pOSSIble POIl1ts for each subject and movement \\'ill be

in. t.he Honour;;. Division, obtaining 70 per cent. in the First Dl\'lslo n Candldates faIlIng In one portion of the examination rna be re-exammed on payment of one half the entrance fee. y

Th.e text books are recommended: ., Text Book of ?y .\[acg.regor price, post free, +s. :?d.; ., Swimming, BadmInton Library Senes, .by Sindair and IV. Henn , pl,l.ce, post. free, 3s. 3d.; .1 The Sll"!mmmg' Instructor," by II-illiaol I' dson,,,pnce, 25. Sd ; "The Hand Book of the Life Sa\"in oSociety, 1897 editIOn, and" -r:eaching Swimming in Schools," ]8 97 Report?f the Life Sal'lng the two, post free, IS. 3d. Any of the b?oks be obtamed .from the hon. sec. of the Society upon applIcatIOn In \\'rmng, accompallled by P.O. for the necessary amOUnt.

OF A SCOTTISH BRA:\'CH

Ther.e was a g?od attendance of gentlemen interested in the prOmotIOn of the alms. objects of the society by the formation of a branch, of that orgal11zatlon for Scotland. :'lIT. Loudon Hamilton. Queen s Park Club, was voted to the chair. .\linutes of conference of 2i th read,. and '\ r. IY.m. Wilson informed the meeting that the Life Sa\'Ing Society Executl\'e had approl'ed of the proceedino-:'lIT. ]. Cald.er Thistle Club, Glasgow, who had been appointed by 5.:'1.S -\.,. WIshed to know what the Life Saving Society or thiS meeting had to make to the .-\SsOCIallOn, as he was appointed by the S:A.S -\ to attend and report. In reply, )[r. IYils01 1 said that the had nothing to. submit to the S .-\.S -\., but that all present deSIred to acknowledge In every respect the Association, 10 work i1'l harmony, the one helping and abiding with and by each other. as the work for the one grand object, .-.e., the le5sening of the loss of human lIfe by drowning. The chairman addles5ed the l11eeting- an:! referred to the Importanc.e of the work of. the Saving S o ciet}·, and hoped to see many Scottish clubs throw 111 theIr lot with this branch. Others to the same effect, and ultimately the meeting proceeded to the of office bearers, &c., as follows :-President, .\[r. F. A;ch.er, Fairfield Club, Glasg-o\\'; "ice - President, '\IT. IY. H Y\ .IllIamson, South Side Club, Gla>go\\'; Hon Treasurer, .\Ir. .\ndre\\· .\,1 Illar, Pollopshields Baths, Glasgo\\'; Hon. ecretarr, '\1r. ]. C. Somh Side Club, Gbsgo\\·; Committee, .\Iessr-. 1'. Lano.C.lub, Da\·id. Gl'urlay, II-estern _-\mateurs, L Hamilton ar."";

<.Jueen s Park Club, Thos. Armstrong and IV. :\1arge\', HIbernian Clu1>, G.lasgow, J. Calder, Thistle Club, II. "-ilson, Club, with po\\"er to add to their number in this district. i.\lr. I' Secretary pro. lelll., submitted rhe followino- names to ad as Committee and District representati\'es in the \"1.ri.;'us centres. appended .-\lex. Johnstone, Thistle Club; Dundee, II': .\l.cGregor, PublIc Baths,Jas. R .\!ackay, IYhitehall Club, .\.Johnstone "allace Club; Lochee, Jas. Reoch, Lochee Club; Penh, A .\IcGreaor' Perth Amateurs,.., Jas. Bissland, Superintendent Publi c Baths, Jardl11e, Club, and Henry Coates of Pitcallen; C o atbridg-c, _\lex. P.ettIgnn, ]unr., Gansherrie Club; Dunfermline, Thos. Lano-stoll CarnegIe .-\. T :'lylles, \\-estern Club, _t H: ?upenntenaent DaIry Baths, IYm. \I-att, Superintendent ?rporatlOn Baths, A. B. Lome Club, Geo .\1. Paterson, I I arrender Baths Club. :\I r. "Ilson was.runher i nst ructed to procure the names. of oth;rs fa\"ourable to the proJect, and sL.bmit these at the next meetmg. 'ote of thanks to the chairman closed the meeting :\',nrO"Ai. LIFE S.-\\·I:-;-G

.:\n interesting prog-ramme was at the Lane Baths Ll\'erpoo!, m. connection with the tie b et\\"een four of Lane Club and an equal team of the Heywood Grundy Club: thiS bel11g the round of the Xational Life Saying CornCouncIllor 1\ IllIam Roberts presided, anu there was:t laro-e audience, who watched with keen imerest the instlllcti\'e work of the In a fel\" remarks to the spectators, ,\11'. Roberts saId that,as chairman 01 the Baths Committee he and his colleao-ues were deSirous that the ris!ng generation in the elementary sch"ools should all be. taught to s\\"!m. He belined that during the winter of their baths would be thrown open free to the 90.COO \\ho nttended elementary schools. They wanted'to free baths a general pn?clple. He referred to the great success "hlch attended the BurllIlgtOl1 open-air bath, in which on one day 6.000 children had bathed, and ::5,000 in one week. The committee to extend thIS system, and han'! additional haths in the Toxteths -'lansfield Street, and in West Derby. (:\pplause.) They also Intended to enlarge the b.ath at Lodge to 75 feet long, and to make a gallery round It for the publIc to witness competitions(applause)-and for that purpose tbey would spend between 000 £+,000 (.-\pplause) Referring to the life-savinO" he pOl11ted out that Colonel "-alker had given a yery shield' to held by the club "hich nest demonstrated the way to save people's lIves when He that Liverpool would be in the forefront of. thiS hfe sanng competitIOn (Bear, hear.) The competing teams \Ie;e mtroduced, and ·were composed 'IS follows :-Edge Lane: 1\. II. Boothman, J. \\'arriner, F. J. Boothman and E. \\'. Heywood Grundy: H. Smith, F , Kay, J. Turncr, and J. Kershaw. were Dr. Llewellyn Morgan (Liverpeol),and -' I r. A. E. and tl:e neutral director for the ceremony, Inspector .-\. :'. \\ elr. The ma:omum number of marks obtainable was lOa, 15 bel11g for the viva voce examination, ::!o for the rescue land

October, 1897. J FIRST drill,3 0 re3uscitation drill, and 35 rescue drill in the water .T he yarious moYements and the different methods of sal'ino- and resuscita"'ere perfor.med with admirable precision by both the result that awarded the Lane the yictor),. They oht:1l11ed 9n as 95] POl11ts for the Heywood Grundy team. Dunng- the even111g two water polo matches were played between the Balfour and :\[yrtle Street club:; and tbe Cres:ent and Edge Lane clubs.

CIXIl'S Goon \YORK.

Sel'eral members journeyed to Re,ford to gi\"e an exhibition of life sal·iog. .!. T. Her?ert (Captain and Hon. Distrlcl Representatiye of SocletYI, by .\Ie5srs. Baker. Cart\\Tight, and .-\\·ery. Prenous to the exhibitIOn. :\lr. Herbert g-a\'e one of his well known and lectures on the principles recommended by the Society, and said that III 1S92 the :\ottingham SwimminO" Club \Yon the first shield by the Society, open to all Clubs, for the best exhlbltlon of the four methods of rescui,a a drowninopers::m, anu of the principles of resuscitation. [n the inland nearly :3000 human beings lost their li\"es in one ye:1r in the ril-ers, locks, and canals, 70 that anything which would tend to stop such a fearful state of thmg- should be welcomed as a boon to mankind.

The four members then formed a line, and ga\'e a practical illustrati?n of the lecturer's remarks. In re5uscitating drowning man. the SII I ester method was used, and the manner in \\"hic h circulation should be promoted afterw a rds was als o shown. .'-\fter the methods of release had been carefully explained, the members entered the wa ter and repea.ted them in practice. recei\'ing stor'TlS of applause for their yery fine display Thi5 good work is a regular featllre in the season's progr:1mme of this pO\I'erful :\lidlan 1 organization. TEACHJ:-;-G SWDDIl:-;-G I); SCHOOL::.

The present summer has been particularly prolific in its a\'oidable han'est of drO\\"lling fatalities. fhis bct has caused a Initer to a to pOinting Out that "it is sufficiently deplorable 111 thiS enlightened age to find the authorities who hal'e the of ollr children totally disregardmg one of the most \'Ital and essenttal branches of a child s educationthe art of swimming. The time has now fully arrived when such a state of affairs should cease to exist, and no obstacle should be permi.ued to remain for an\' length of time that would pre\"ent e\'ery chIld attend1l1g our schools obtaining- lessons in swimming, e\"en if such i?stru::tion considered in no Othe!' light tha.1 an dement of thrIft and c1eanlllless. This educational omission should recei\'e serious attention from responsible persons, and the defect be remedied with as little contro\'ers:; as possible." It is gratifying to know that scholars attending many of the elementary schools- are taught the art of swimming In manyprOlincial to\I'nsan arrangeme:lt h :ts been made with the Ruhs CommIttee of the Corporation whereby school children are admitLed to the sl\·imming-baths at a half-penny per he:ld, bm in other towns no such arrangement has been come to by the school managers as a body, and this has caused a number of public-spirited ge1!tlemen. who are anxious that the youth of the co untry should be taught the n 1.tatory al t, to come forll':1rd and defray the necessary cost.

.-\ S r ·GGESTIO:-;-.

In \·iew of the many bathing accidents at the sea-side it has been 5uggested that it. would be a fit and proper outlay of public money to supply at each ot the watering places, for at least six months om of e\ ery year, the regular attendance of fo ur smart, able men, who ha\'e heen properly trained in the drills of the Life Sa\ ing Society. and to be stationed at intelTals along the foreshore for no other purpose to watch the safety of those adults or children I','ho may choose to enter the water. The burden on local rates \\"ould be infinitesimal, whilst the act would become a I'aluable concession from the authorities t o wards those families who are directly resp nsihle fur the source of I\"ealth that annually pours into the coffers of the local treasury. This is not half a bad idea, and no doubt the suggestion will receil'e the attention it desen·es.

ACCIDE:\'T AT \\"ESTO:-;--Sl·PER-:\L-\RE.

Two boys, n1.med IYilliam Sm:trt and .-\lben Youno-, t1king an old pri\'ate bmt 1\ hich on being pushed off immediately began to fill, anli she capsized. The boys were thrO\\"ll into the ,,·ater. Young clung to the boat and was brought ashore, but :-nart sank in about elgbt feet of ,,·ater. Some members of the swimming club were called to the spOt and di\'ed for the bud}", "hich was recol'ered in a few minutes by '\Ir. Tom Dal'ey, and brought a_hore, IYarner and Robert Clay aS5isting. .-\rtillcial means "'ere used for resuscitalion by members of the Life Sal'ing Society class and P.C. of S\\·ansea, under the guidance of Doctols Burroughs and :\lart:!l, for upwards o f an hour, but to no avail.

FI .-'\:\'D

.\t an inquest held on a bather who was drowned, -'II. L Holden, the Coroner, was informed by Thoma5 Cooking, a fi5herman, that the deceased hired a bathing I"an from him, and after s\\imming about for some time he cried for help. 'Yitness and another tisherman t:' led to launch a boat, but it was swamped. The Coroner next asked, .( Can you s\\im?)' To thi,:; the witness said" ;'\0," and the Coroner remarked, "You are like the rest of the :\lorecambe fishermen." These

AI D. 227

are the sort of men who obtain a license to act as qualified boatmen at man y seaside towns.

NE\\".

'" The following. ad\'ertisement appe.lrs in the _\'ez<'castle Dail)' Journal :- " Danclllg, Deportment, and Swimming Drill. :\1iss IYa;t Will reSl,me her classes, Tuesday, Octoher 5th. Children, to adults, 7.30 to 9.13· \\'estEnd .\ssembly Rooms."

It be stated that the SwimminQ" Drill referred to in the is the. one. issued by the Society, copies of same ha\'ing been forwarded to :\IIS5 II aU early in the seas o n.

LIFE SAYI:\G Ho);o[·l{s.

The Royal Humane Society haye awarded their certificate to ::--lr. E. Biggs for his of a foreigner. The man, it appears, Jumped 111 the. water .out of hIS depth and was seized with cramp in the stom1.ch and sank. :\11'. Biggs, who \\"as on the spot, at once to hiS aSSiStance, succeeded in carrying him to the shore 111 a very exhausted conditIOn. The case was brought before the Society's notice by Dr. Rix who interested him5elf in the matter. and obtained full information of the rescue, with the result that the certificate was a\\-arded. It may be stated that :'Ir. Bio-o-s holds the Proficiency :\[edallion of the Life Sa\"ino- Socien·. ""

THE \"reTORIA CROSS 'OF Seld'Jm \\'e learn that a prominent or champion swimmer is honoured with an award for saying life from drowning, therefore it is a pleasure to be able to congratulate the amature champion o( :\'ew Zealand IY. J. Stratton. upon the receipt of an award of a bronze medal frorr: the .-\ustralian Royal Humane Society for a caring and difficult act of saying life :\"ew Zealand. "'hen the -Life Society was formed .\If. was one of the first to j')in, and took part in the first class that was held in connection with this useful work.

ToxnRInGE IYELLs S.C.

A most successful season of this popular club \"as practically brouo-ht to a close, when the members of the two life-sa\"ing- classes conducfed by the club during the summer were examined for the proficiencv certificates and medallionsof the Life Sa\'ing Society. Theexamination was held in the open·a:r bath, the water registering as low as s+ degrees. This fact and in consequence of the members beino- desirous of gaining the honours of the award of the medallion, the which is a severe one e\'en in a cO\'ered bath, \\";lS made all the more difficult throuo-h the coldness of the air, and the hea,,}" rain which fell durinothe examination, "hich lasted close upon thirty minutes. It volumes in fal"our of the training the candidates recei\"ed at the hands of the club's bon. instructOrs, when thirteen were awarded full honour5, and twO on 1\' \"ere recommended ior certificates. The successful candidates as follows: :\Iedallions and Certificates-J .\1. Flower. G. Reel'es, F. H. .-\dams, J. Dalziel. S. F. Hollis. :\1. :\1. :\lcCormack, ]. ,Yo II-arner, H. J. Drake, F. G. Holman, E. Bray, T. S. \\-arrener. ]. :\1. Robb, and J. T. Bassel!. For Certificates only-T. E. Sabey and C. E. Edwards. At the conclusion of the tests, the examiners, .\Iessrs. B. Rix, .\1.R.C.S., and "-. Henry, hon. sec. of the Life Saying Society, warmly congratul:lted the members on their efficiency and ability to render aid to the drowning.

:\"ATIO:-;-_-\L LIFE S.-\\"f);G CO:HPETlTIO);S has now been definit::!ly aO"reed to by the newly - formed Scottish Branch that the final tie in this competition will take place at Glasgow. 1 had been partly arranged for the el'ening of aturday, OctOber 30th. aturday has, howel'er, always been an unpopular day for anything aquatic under cOI'er at Glasgow, and the Committee ha\'e fixed the date as Tuesday, :\'o\'ember 9th, and to be in Gorbals Putlic Baths, which are sitllated in :\[ain Street, Gorbals. The programme for the gala will compri_e a lOa Yards Im'itation 'cratch Race. to which \\'. L. Russell. GlaSg-OII': fohnstone Edwards, Dundee; E. :\1. Beilby, Edinburgh: r. F. Stirling, Glasgow; and Erie Geo. Thomson are to be imited: a 50 Yards Open Handicap, display of fancy s\\imming, 0.:c., by 'Y. Henry Hon. 'ec. of the Life al"ing ociety). gracefd and trick dil'ing by A. T. '\Iylles (Hon. of the Scottish Amateur S"'imming Association), and his twO colleagues, Young Baillie and Black, \Yater Polo and final lie in the Life Sa\'ing Competition. :\lr. R. D "·addell. donor of. the conis.h Shield, is to preside, and the occasIOn 15 to be a speCially pretentIOus one. The officials appointed by the Life -a\'ing Society are :\Iessrs., ,,'. E BuII, Arch, Sinclair, IYm. Henry (all of London), and "m. \I 1150n, Glasgow. Those appointed for the other el'ents are :\lessrs. I,"rn. Rudd0ch, 1 eeds, and .-\. :\lIller, G1asgO\\', as Judges; .\IL\.. T. :\[ylles, Edinburgh, as referee. The preliminary and final tie of the Irish Corr.petition will take place at Belfas( on either or '\Ion.day, :\"o\'ember 6th and th, to be conducted by the offiCials of the SOCIety. The ,, innino- team will then trayel to Gbs!:o\\' to take part in the semifinal on the of the 9th, again::l the South ide Club. Glasgow, Scottish Champions, and two teams from England.

ILEX CrXB.-IYe ha\'e recei\'ed a report of the 3 th Annual Entertainment from our representati"e, but are unable to print it in fulL It was held at the r. George's Baths on the 23 rd ult., and proyed highly interesting. The displays of. dil'ing and rescue of Sllpposed drowning persons greatly lapprecIat.ed. The prizes were distributed by the President ot the Club, G. D. Lister, Esq.

11{ailwar !Disaster on tlJe anb Sonth (.toast 1Railwav.

THE .IS train from Eastbourne to Tunbridge 'Veils, on the London, Brig-hton, and South Coast Railway, was on the I stult.,hurled c1v eran embankment between Mayfield and Heathfield, and nearer the former st:ltion for which it was making. an man, was killed, and seyeral passengers were senously 1I1Jured , whIle others had most mir:lculous escapes. The engine and one carnai?e of the wrecked train fell on the down side of the road, and fil 'e carnages over the embankment on the up side of the track. The telegraph WIres \I'.e;·e broken by the tra in I is said tba t these wires were the. means of lesser, 1Ilgthe g-rayity of the disaster, as they .somewhat steadied the fall of the carriaaes down the emban kment, untJi the straJl1 caused Ithem to coll:lpse

The dril'er of the train, James McKinlay, leave s a wife and five children, including an infant born the preyi?us week. Georg:e Agsam. of Brighton, the guard of the train, had hiS head cut and hiS back injured.

At the time of the accident the passengers probably numbered some thi rty or forty, and most of them belong-ed to and Heathfield and the surrounding district. Generally they escaped With less serious injuries than might have been anticipated. Many of them were able to walk to their homes.

A large gang of men were at work throughout the day ende.a\'ouring to mo\ 'e the one carriaae left on the embankment and the eng1l1e

It appears that on the line the the dri,'er jumped off on the opposite Side. The remamll1g five carnages crashed down the em bankment on his left hand side and one of them struck ilIcKinlar. causing mortal injuries. his body was remo\'ed to an hotel at :\byfield, to a\\"ait an inquesL

To the Editor of FIRST Am. SIR -I thouo-ht it would interest you to know that I was able to render' some to the injured on the occasion of the 1I-reck of the Eastbourne train on the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. have no doubt you are acquaintec. with the history of the accident throug-h the medium of the ne\\'spapers, and so will only giye a few nOI contained in them. The accident occ urred about 9.15 a.m. on \i'ednesday, about 2 miles from Heathfield and miles from illayfield Station. The line s a single one and worked on the block system and the first in imation of anything wrong was the fact that the blocks at Heathfield remained closed, and the :'Ilayfield signalman telegraphed repeatedly that the train had not arri\'ed though much overdue. 1\ot before IO o'clock howeyer was any effort made at Heathfield to further enquire into the cause of the bnt at ro.I5 we men runn!ng alona the line in the one directIOn, and a number of cl\T]lIans comlllg froml:-the other \my, some of them carrying a \loman on an improvised stretcher. I guessed \\"hat was up, and picked up a first aid chest belonging to my friend,also my pocket case of drugs and a water bottle, and hurried down to the line. I should state that the farm :tm staYIng at is ?; mile from Heathfield a nd 2 miles from the accident. had proceeded about 200 yards along the metals when I came upon a lady staggering along with the assistance of her husband OIrs. Tompsett, of Hail sham), she was suffering seyerely from shock, also a large scalp wound and a cut under the eye; the face was covered with blood, and the only attem pt at a dressing was a handkerchief on the head. washed the wounds and put a pad o f bo ric lint and boric wool on them respecti\'ely and administered a strong dose of spirits of camphor I ought to mention that there \\"as a very strong wind and a bitter dri\'ing ra in bandaaes and dressin.as got wet almost before they were applied. the conditions of the weather were most unfavourable. The I ha\"e Just mentioned declined to accept our proffered hospitality, hut it is a ma sterp iece to me how she managed to walk so far in her fainting condition. I had proceeded about another lOa yards when I came across t wo men, Messrs. Cq\'ell and Fuller, of Cross-in,Hand the former was in great pain, he had his arm in a sling, and was hanging on to a gate\,ery fail,t and exh:1usted. he was also suffering from a severe incised wound on the forehead, which had evidently been bleeding profusely The latter genlleman was very old and suffering from a slight cut and shock, but both had borne up very well as evinced by the fact that they had walked nearl y 2 miles over the sleepers. I S:1t :he patient with tbe injured ann on a coat, leaning him against the g:ue, and carefully remo\"ed his coat and cut the slee\'e of his shirt and est. There were distinct symptoms of a dislocated shoulder, and while was examining it Dr. Hall, of :\Iayfield, cz.me up and examined it and advised me to put it up in a couple of trianglllars. I also dressed the wound under his direction and applied stimlilants vVhen this was donea trolley came along from Heathfield St:1tion so \I'e placed the wounded on it and were proceeding in that direction when the relief train from Eastbourne came alon g with Dr. i\lc(,2ueen. They picked us up and took us to Heathfield when the Doctorreduced the dislocation and the patient was driven home.

I thought it useless to go ba ck as all the injured had by thi s time received attention, so I drove to my residence, and on my way met

A ID [Oc tob er , 1897 .

anothe r case of a spraincd wrist and cut which I the pa ti ent having been driven home by road.-[ remam, yo ur s sll1cerely, J. M. H. MILLWOOD.

(Private, St. John 's Gate Division )

A RAILROAD HOSPITAL CAR -A new hospital car has bee n built for tte Long I sland Railway Company, U.S A., under the supervision of Dr. Valentine, chief sur g-eon to the company In external appearanc e it resembles an ordina ry Pullman ca r, but the internal arrangements are adapted to the needs of those who may be the of a ra ilw ay accident The car is fitted with seventeen cots, while Il1 emerg e ncy hammocks can be slun a from the ceiling; there is also a fully equipped operating room. The"'car is to be kept always in readiness for dispatch to the scene of any accident th:1t may unfortunately occur.-Lrl11clJt

[lYe recommel1d this to.the notice of rail.w:1Y companies, especially the London Bnghton and South Coast Radway. Vhat.a comfort a C:1r of this kind would have been to the 30 or +0 sufferers In the abo\'e accident. - ED.]

jfil'st Bib 1Recorb.

'VI NSFORD .-A serious accident occ urred recently on the premises of flfr. Briggs, pa\\'nbroker, IVin s[ord. :<\ man named John Foden of Princes Street 'Vhart on, wa s carryll1g two bundles of laths up a ladder and when near the top lost his hold and fell heavi ly to the around where he lay for a short time in a helpless condit o n. Mes srs

H. I\ Iullock, J. Dodd, and hbez Bratt, members of the Winsford corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, were soon upon the scene With the litter. on ,,,hich they placed the and took h.im home, doing all in their power to relieve :he Y:1ll1. On It was found that he had broken one of hIS nbs. Dr. Okell s assIstant was summoned The ambulance men had scarcely finished with the above when they received a summons to go to the Gas ".orks On arrival they found that a young rr:an named Charlesworth, of Run corn, had been standing on a ladder 111 the g:1someter, one of the st:1\'es broke, and he fell headlong to the floor, sustall1lng a severe fracture of one of his ribs. 1st Officer Buckley and Privates Mull ock, Bratt, J. Dodd, and C oo per \\"ere h e members present! and their efforts gave considerab le comfort to the young untIl the doctor arrived.

:!Drill

VOLU 'TEER A:\IBGL,\l\"CE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTIOX.

P, esidwt :-MAJOR :'IIACLCRE, '.'.D., late L.S.R. \ Classes of In struction [(11" the training of stretcher be:1rers of units, to be hpld at the Hec.d-quarters of the London R iRe Brigade, 130, Bunhill Row, E.C commencing at 7.30 p.m. on :\lond:1Y, October 1897, by permission o[ Colonel B. C. Cholmondeley, commandIng the London Rifle Brigade.

LEcn'RES: i\Ionday, October +th, Introductory Lecture on the Skeleton, Joints and 1\1 uscles. 1 Ith, The Heart, Bl0.od Vessels and Circulation. The position of the H, F.Stokes, London Rifle Brigade. 18th, The Lungs a nd Resplratlon. 25th, The Treatment of the apparently dro·wned. Burns and Scalds. - SurgeonCaptain E. Hu ghes, London RiBe Brigade.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GU.'..RA}."TEED BY

11he Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corporation,

LIMITED

40, 42, & 44, MOORGATE E.C

to whom Notice of Clftims, unller the follOWing COlllhtlOllS, must be SCllt ,,!ithin SC\'Cll dftys of accident to the auo\'c atlllrt'ss.)

£100

"'iIl hE' paid by the auo\'e Corpuration to I.egal of a.nyone \\' ho is killcll by all accident to the Passcnger'Il'alLl he United 01' Olmnnel I slands), ill wbidl the ,,·.as a ticket beal'llll!; 01' payingpasscno-er or \\ DO shall ha\'e been fatally lllJured thel'euy (should death result c1a\'s after such accident). PROVIDED t11,tt tile perSOll so or injured had \IPOll his or her person, 01' had left at home this ticliet, nth blS, 01' bel', usual signature, to the accillcnt, on the space pI·twilled WhlCl:, togl.'thpl'

by Mr. F. BRETT, 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Hill.

:fBre\iities.

Dr. Rigby ha s not chosen to send any reply to the remarks that we made in our la st issue on his election address. Vague charges of that kind agamst the ambulance moyement without the slightest attempt being made to back them up with e\'idence bring their own refutation. It may interest our readers to know that out of an electorate of 22,000, Dr. Rigby managed to secure 197 yotes, from which one may infer that no great h ar m has been done.

H :!Dust"

A LECTURE DELlYEREO BY HON. SURGEON F GORDON BRmi", TO THE ;\1D113ERS OF THE :\IETROPOLITAN CORPS, ST. JOH:>!

:\"fB ULA:\'CE BRIGAD E, 0)1 OCTOBER 19TH, 1897. THE subject \\'hich I propose to bring before you this evening, has I venture to Say, forced itself suddenly into the most prominent position for investigation by all classes of scientific men throughout the civilised world; not only medical men, but scientists who are intere sted in the devel op ment of the useful arts and manufactures, are daily making nell' discoveries in this the latest biologiC:11 o ff-shoot: and the attention of the intelligent and thinking public is riveted over this most interesting subject

To take up the question of the solid particles found in the air and discuss it with any minuteness would require much more time than is allowed for this lect ure and would exhaust the patience of any audience. It would mean first the ilwestig:1tion of the structure of e\'ery kind of rock th:1t exiqs on the surface af the glo be, the slow disintegration and powdering by water, by fr ost and by chemical changes, which we may call the weathering of the surface of the earth; this p ro duces fine particles of ,,;trying sizes whi ch are lifted up and carried of{ by the storm or breeze-sometimes whirling large mas ses many feet, or finer dust hundreds of miles -the pmof of this fact is often seen 011 the red particles collected on the sails of ships in the Mediterranean or Atlantic, according to the quarter of the wind-sand \I'hich has travelled many a league from the gre:1t desert of Africa.

f\ ext we should have to call your attention to \'arious decomposing and cast-off parts of animals, portions of skin, h:1ir, fe:1thers, fibres, cobwebs, legs, shells, eggs, and even living animals themseh'es-caught up and carr'ied about by currents of air to be deposited in moments of ca lm.

The vegetable world, too, contributes parts of flowers, seeds, leaves, scales, spores; fungi-many of the seeds and spores are especially adapted to be distributed by the passing breezes.

Then too we find lhe results of the \Veal' and tear caused by the various occupations of man, each -:lass of trade, each moving beino-, each machine in work, adding something to the solid constituents of the air, and each coal fire and furnace, belching out innumerable particles to be deposited o\'e r the surtace of the globe.

So uni vel sal is dust that the most secluded sp ots left to themsell'es manaae to secrete :1nd collect it.

But the s u bject that [ propose to talk to you about this e,'ening is bacteria and the r ole played in the process of putrefaction and [e;'mentat ion- for we find these minute micro-organisms wherever there is dead oraa nic matter. VI herel'er there are animal or vegetable organs living or"'dead there are bacteria. IVherever there is either growth or decay there w e haye these minute structures- in stagnant or Bowing water, on the surbce of the earth or floating in the air. The>' reduce the organic

matter to dust, and as they puh'erize the organic matter and increase in it, tbey are carried about b" currents of air or water and are deposited on the surface of the J globe-as dust. lYe are therefore living in an atmosphere of living organisms or bodies ready to attack any weak part of our composition. When the air is calm the particles are comparati\'ely fell', but in the wind or draught or in the turmoil of traffic there are present innumerable quantities of these minute organisms, so that dusty streets afford us good opportunities for observation

The numbers of these bacteria differ according to the season and "'eather, there being many more present in autumn and summel, than in s pring and \linter.

The nea rer the earth, too, t he greater the swarms of the se growths; and III rooms aiter people have been shut up [or some time aJ. \York the IlUmbel s greatly in cre ase

Incr ed ible quantities ha\ e been counted in a single drop of Dan cer states that he found 250 ,000 spores besides other growths III a drop of drinking water, and Blackley collected +0,000 in a thin layer that co\'ered :1 sqU:1re inch, Rente and Enoch c o unted in a close schoolr oo m 3,000,0:;0 bacteria in a cubic metre of air.

Afte r a shower of rain these suspended organisms are washed out of the air and can be found in great numbers in the puddles; they there increase rapidly and are again caught up into air as the pools dry, to be ,,,afted to any distance; but air itself has no power in keeping alive these growths, and so they quickly die, unless they come in contact with EOme organic food. lYe shall presently see that the bacteria themselves are reproduced by oval bodies ca!lei spores, and these spores have great vitality and power of resistance, they can be dried and still retain their life for months, and even some of them for years, starting into new life when surrounded by favourable environ, men ts, just as seeds of plants can retain their vitality for a lengthened period to start into new life ,,·hen sown 111 the ground.

1 he washing of the roofs of houses by rain takes down the mi crobes of the air into the cisterns, and under favourable circum · stances, especially where there are other impurities in the water, the germs undergo extraordinarily rapid de\'elopment and are a potent source of disease.

B:1cteria are not animal celis, for they can deril'e their support from animal compounds-an animal cannot do that.

They belong to the lowest class of the vegetable kingdom, but unlike most vegetables, they do not contain any cbloroph;:ll green colouring matter, and are therefore unable to split up carboniC aCid IlltO its elements; they are mostly either epiphytes or parasites feedingon living organic tissue, or saprophytes deriving their food from decaylllg organic matter.

L-\ bacterium, then, is a minute \'egetable cell destitute.of a nucle.us. A cell wall can be demonstrated an outside case, which may either be pliable or rigid, and this envelope cont::tins some albuminous matter known as p'·otoplasm.

The cells vary in form, they may be either isolated or attached t? each ot her. '.\'hen they are round or egg- shaped they are called COCCI, when larae di plococci, megacocci or Ii ttle micrococci. These increase di\ isions in one direction formino- diplococci, if these two dl\'lde agalll they form a chain <> When they divide in two d.irections they form sarcinarocci like hot-cross-buns. If they form an Irregular shape like a bunch of grapes they and t.hls sometimes is surrounded by a tough gelatlllo us matnx and deSCrIbed as an asco-coccus.

Another type is the rod bacterium and bacillus, they are similar in length, but they differ from the spheres in that they always two parallel sides. The vibrio is a bent rod and connects the straight rods witb the corkscrew forms or spirilla, tben there are the filamentous or way}' forms straight ortthothrix and spirochmtes.

Bacteri:1, for the most part \I'hen alive, are constantly 111 motion, partly due to the well·known mO\'ement of living and e pecially due to a peculiar whip-like process which m:1ny species possess, sometimes there are t\\'o or more of these flagella, they are extremely delicate and can easily be injured and brok.en off. These vegetable organisms increase very rapidly either by fUSIOn or the production of spores. At first the protoplasm becomes granular and at certain points in the thread a speck appears and gradually and de\'elops into an eg.g--shaped, sharply defined,lllghly refra -::tl ve body, the spore grows at the expense of the protoplasm of the cell, the cell wa ll disappears, and the spore is set free.

FIRST

The spore may develop in or one end of th.e :od, e.g tetanus bacillus, like a drumstlck; lt may be wlder, but lt lS never longer than the parent cell. Spore.s are said .to a thick membrane consistina- of two layers, hence thelr great \'ltahty and greate r pO\\ei than the'" parent cell of resisting chemical agents and heat. The smallest spore is iiwisible and can only be seen when seve.ra! grow together, the of lOOSqOO part of inch. Spores,dlffer their parent cells m their behavIOur to stammg reagents," lth amlll1e dyes they require to be specially treated, probably .due to. th.e tough capsule which mnst be softened ?y heat or st:ong aClds. lt allows the stain to penetrate; once sta1l1ed they reslst atlOn: 'Vater is essential for the a-rowth of most bactena. Sugar 15 used Il1 making preserves, because by abstracting water it h e ment of micro-organisms. All bactena requlre .certall1 mlnel al salts for their food. i\lany require free access of an or derive the oxygen from the oxidized compoun.ds of the .medl<: 111 whlch they grow. Each species .of bacteria has 1ts own Me, history growth: each has a defimte object to pursue; and th e .l product from each is always the same, but and 1S not enough to distinguish one from another. To ldentJfy a 1t must correspond throughout its life history \"ith the history of species. The products of. are plgments formll1g bacteria elaboratina- dunna- their oTowth defil11te colour stuffs-Blue, yellow, 'violet, purple. light producing. indecomposin)5 fish and sea water, Zymogenic or ferment produce the.lf chana-es in non-nitrogenized media. Bacterium acetl produces in wine by which alcohol taking: up atmosphe,nc oxygen is converted into vinegar. Saprogenic or putrefactiVe bacteria play a most important part in the economy of nature; their ac!;ion on proteids is similar to digestion, first producll1g .lenCln xyrosin and fatty acids, and then sulphur ca;bonic acid and water, and some form of :mctena play an important part. in by. provid.mg hfe a most necessary food, convertlng l11trogen mto nitrous aCld. and then into nitric acid. Pathogenic, some are and some saproph'yt1C.

To study a bacterium, properly prepared which has been sterilised is poured quickly and evenly on to a stenhsed plate, and exposed in the air for a few minutes, it is then covered With a.glass bell, and after two or three clays colonies of of ba.ctena are developed, to obtain what is called a pure portlOn of one of these colonies is taken at the end of a stenhsed plat1l1um loop and transferred to a properly prepared tube containing a punctu:e is made on the surface and in a few days the bactena grow, and 111 growing often acts as a sol vent liquifying the gelatine. and f?rmi:lg sometimes a pigment or colour; each specimen of bactena havmg ltS own peculiar growth

Scratch growths are done by tilting the gelatine up to an acute angle and scratching its surface, sometimes it is necessary to transfer a portion of these growths to fresh tubes so as at length to get a pure cultivation free from any other kind of bacterium, this may be done for several successive generations of bacteria.

To render many of the bacteria visible thi! growth is subjected to the action of various coloured dyes mostly obtained flOm the aniline series. it has been found that each variety takes the colour in a special way, and being coloured they are rendered visible under the microscope. There are many ways of culti\ ating bacteria, some like one kmd of food, others another, sterilised potato , white of egg, serum of blood, sugar, acid broths, am adine, &c After the description just given of the infinitely small particl e s and their universal distribution, of the destructive and poisonous properties many of them posess, of their manif01d nrieties and their extraordinary power of multiplying might naturally occur to us, how is it the human frame can withstand even for a few years the attacks of these parasites. '1Ve are con stantly breathing in the air crowded with bacteria, our clothes teem with them, our skin is closely sprinkled all over with them, and every part of our body is their happy hunting ground, not to mention the millions that arf. consumed with the food , and taken into the body in the fluids:wedrink-milk, water, &c. But I must here remind you that the skin, the alimentary canal, and the air passages are really external to the body. They are not internal portions of the body physiologically, and from this point of view anything breathed in and coming in contact with the deepest part of the bronchial u bes is as much outside the body as a piece of paper held between the finger and thumb; but you have only to scratch through the scarf skin of the finger and then t h e piece of paper is in contact with the interior of the body, just as much as if it were in the centre of the brain. The entire surface of the boJy, then, is clothed with a fine layer of cells, and one of the d u ties of these cells is to protect the minute bacteria from gaining admi5sion into the in erior of the body. We blister our hand by dropping ho t sealing wax on it, or by rowing a boat when we are unaccustomed to tha exercise; the surface skin is then raised from the deeper layer, and there is but little pain , but break the skin, and micrococci and other bacteria lodge there and grow and set up inflammation, they attack the tissues and live on them, and in li\ ing on them destroy them.

This is what happens when we see a cut finger or a compound fracture of t he leg, the wound ad m its these floating part icles i n t h e air, and they take up t h eir abode there and increase, and, as it were, poison

AID. [ Nove m ber , 1897,

the surrounding structures. Hence you see the i:uportance of using aseptic dressings, asept ic water, of thoroughly washll1g out a wound, or even cutting away bruiEed and injured an? by carefully bringing the soft parts together and placll1g dressmgs over it exclude all dust from entenng. The skll1 1S more o r less hardened to these constant attacks, but the air passages are Inuch more delicate. " Ie should, thei efore;- expect many structures to intervene between the ever flowina- currents of air in breathing and the interior of the body. The are placed with their [apertures downwards, lara-e coarse hair" at the entrance strain the air, cavities and chambers with overhanging walls, kept constantly moist with mucus, catches the floating dust, and the mucus has the property of destroY1l1g the microbes, so that So per cent of these germs are got nd of by the nasal mucus. Anatomists show you that the minute surface cells of the nostrils and air passagesha ve a quantity of fine hair-like processes on these minute cells always in motion bowing down like a field of wheat before the breeze and springing back again quickly. This action swceps upwards anyof the dust which has penetrated further down the interior, and thus cleans the air passages. This all happen 3 outside the body, but if in spite of all these precautions the surface of the all' passages should be p0lI'erless ag-ainst the attacks of the bacteria, and should it chance that the small 'Spores or bacilli gain admission into the blood vessels themselves, they are there caught by the lencocytes white -celled corpuscles, many of which have special power to digest and destroy these low yegetable organisations; but if,. unfortunately, the individual is in bad health :l11d the lencocytes not VIgorous, or on the other hand the bacilli so many that the white cells have too much work to do, then the bacilli get the upper hand and the person is poisoned by these growths, and a severe illness is the result, or e\'en fatal consequences may ensue. But just as in fermentation when we put reast to the wort, a yery small quantity will be as effectual as a large one, or, in other words," a little leayen lea\'eneth the whole lump," so, a small quantity of bacterial poison in traduced into the water supply of a town is enough to decimate the place, the ferment has the power of growing quickly an? multiplying. itself when .it comes in suitable soil, and bke fermentatlOn, too, havll1g exhausted ltS sod, it cannot continue to act as a ferment. After the won is converted into beer no more fermentation of the beer kind take s place, another sort of fermentation may take place, the beer may get sour and turn to vinegar, so, as a rule, a person once attacked with scarlatina does not again suffer from it though he may be exposed to the microbe of scarlatina and with measles and small-pox and many other diseases, but he may take whooping cough. Some of these growths circulate in the blood and set up disease in many organs of the body, as is the case of pyremia, whilst others act only on the surface as in diphtheria; but they produce a peculiar poison in their growth which are absorbed into the system and the result is paralysis of nerves and many other complications. These poisonous symptoms may take months to develop, as in the case of lock jaw and hydrophobia, For instance, in tetanus, the small microbes get entrance into the body by all abrasion and then they grow gradually forming a poison which, after a greater or less length of time, attacks the nervous system and set s up the strong con\'ulsions of that disease which too often ends fatally. But we are not to look upon all bacteria as harmful. 1\Iany are necessary for our existence, others add to our pleasures, these friendly microbes are those that produce the various kinds of stimulants.

The bread we eat could not l:;e made sponge-like or ea6ily digestible were it not fortlle yeast plant. Tea has to be subjected to ferrrentive changes before the leaf is fit for use. We hear now that butter could not be produced without its appropriate microbe, and German), is pl'epared to send out in bottles those organisms which will produce O..itend, Devonshi r e, or Dorset butter from the same dairy.

Chee'se owes its exis\.ence to the same origin, and the ripening is a further change produced by the same agencies.

G,ll11e is made tasty by the multiplication of these growths, and it is more than probable that our digestion is impro\'ec! by vegetable micro-organisms. But: to enumerate all the functions discharged by these " onderful structures would require another lecture, which, I trust, some day I may be able to give you.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We are sorry that many eXlracts, &c., are crowded alit.

JOHN VI DAWSON.-Glad to hear from you, and of your progress, Perhaps next month we can insert something.

WANTED TO HIRE OR PURCHASE

P HOTOS OR LANTER J SLI DES Reyiews 01' Cnm ps; also Viewt; of Malta, or Cled ceu-well.

of Ambulance Acro, R hodet;, FRENCH THOMPSON, P.4RLIAMENT S'f]tEE'f, H ULL.

N o ve m be r , 189 1 ,J

St. 30hn ti1nbulancc Bssoctation.

.FIRST

AID . 231

BEDFORD.-The annual meeting of this centre was held in the Town Hall on 26th September The Mayor (Mr. G. Wells) presided, and there were on the platform li er Grace the Duchess of Bedford (President), the Mayoress, the Rev. P. Wyatt, Dr. James Coombs, Dr. Conning Harlley, Dr. Cock, i\ l iss Belcher, and Mrs. Alfred Paine (the han. secretary) The Mayor in introducing the Duchess of Bedford, it was a labour of love on her part, for her grace was never so bappy 'lS when assisting a movement of that n:tture and supporting- a Society wh ch endeavoured to do all it could to alleviate suffering. The Duchess of Bedford then proceeded to read the report which showed what great progress had been made. The Rev. P. Wyatt read the financial report, and the Duchess of Bedford then distributed the Certificates and Medallions. Kext followed an interesting demonstration of the utility of the Ashford litter in the removal of helpless patient. A member of the BriO'ade was the supposed" patient," and to give vraisemblallce to the experiment he lay stretched out as on a bed of suffering. Skilfully and tenderly he was lifted out of bed and placed on the litter, the special features of whiCh were clearly shown to the audience. A little later the railway station was supposed to ha\'e been reached. Two forms and improvised door lintels served very well to represent the difficulties of placing litter and patient in a narrow railway carriage. The facility and ease wi t h which these difficulties were overcome, thanks to the convenient contraction of the litter, by the pressing of a spring, and the clever manipulation of the bearers deservedly elicited the audience's appreciative applau3e. The demonstralion was given by Mrs. A. Paine, ;,\1iss E. Goodman, and Messrs. Ollwood, and Tipple, of the Men's Division. The ,\layor said they had witnessed a very interesting demonstration, but 1\1rs. Paine had demonstrated what could he done by an active sec! etary (applause). IIe thanked her Grace the Duchess for her continued interest in the work. When people in high station took an interest in these movements, it conferred a stimulus that they could hardly understand,and therefore he again thanked ber G race for taking so active an interest in the Society (applause). He "'as desired by i\lrs. Paine to say that astretcher could be put into an omnibus in the same way as into a railway carriage. In the event of a doctor or anyone in a village desiring to send a patient to the infirmary, i\1rs. Pa111e would be pleased to make arrangements accordina-ly. ;'I [rs. Paine hoped that Bedford or the neighbourhood would a horse, motor, or cycle carriage, like the towns of Wellingborough, Kettering, and Xorthampton. It had been suggested that they should havea collection fora Ju b ilee Ambulance Fund, but so many other things were required that they were unable to help her; but in the coming year he hoped more attention would be to A::1bulance Classes (applause) The Duchess of Bedford saJd: It lS always a great pleasure to me to be present, and ram l?articularly.glad to have had this oppOrh1l11ty of see1l1g- the demomtratlOn of carrymg a helpless patient. 1 am much obliged for yo!.;r kind re ception. The only person who has not had a. vote Of. thanks, and who I think deserves iL, is the patient, but I venture to give hIm one on my own account (laughter).

BRAVERY OF A :'IANCHESTER POST OFFICE CLERK.-At the Lord Mayor's Office, in the Town Hall, Albert Square, Alderman J. Foulkes Roberts presen ted to i\[ r. Frederick X ewton, a clerk in the :'1 an chester Post Office, formerly of the Pas! Office at Cornwall, the medal and certificate of the Royal Humane Society for consplcuoUS bravery in saving life, In making the presentation, his Lordship said: " It will not be out of place if I shortly state the facts of the case. On the loth July last a youna- man, named W. J. Buglehole, whilst bathing at Havle Cornwalt, \\'as'" carried out of his depth by the ebbing tide. :\' at able to swim, he was making frantic efforts to extricate himself from tbe unfortunate position in which found himsell, when you, observing his danger, without a moment's hesitation, plu.nged in.to the sea, and, with the assistance of another youth, succeeded 111 brmgmg to shore an apparent lifeless body. ThiS young ma.n Buglehole has you to thanK for bringing him to the shOl:e, what lS more you had versed yourself in the way of bnng111g the apparently dl'Owned to consciousness, having passed an examination of the St. John Association, andyou were thus able to .restorc to conSCIOusness, A medical man was sent for but he d1d not arrive until after the treatment had been administered, anG he stated that his sefvices would have been of no avail had not your knowledge of treating apparently drowned been brought into use. It is a matter of satisfactIOn to all concerned to know that your which proved of the utmost value, have been appreciated by the Royal Humane Society " T?e recipient briefly thanked his Lordship. lle said he was undtservll1g of such notice. He thouuht he was much less worthy of reward than the St. John Ambulance as but for the free instruction which he had obtained from that body he would haye been unable to restore the young man to life after gettin&, h!m out of the water. Buglehole owed his life, therefore, to the ASSoClatIOn.

TJ'SWICH CENTl{E.-IVith October work begins On tbe r8th Mrs Paine of Bedford gave a most interesting "IIomely Talk" to the Nursing D ivision and next morning met as many as could come for

practical work. On Friday fir st aid classes for women arc to begin, and later on we hope .to have some men s cla sses The repo r t is out, alld the Secretary (.\1.1SS Coul cher, Beechholme) is g lad o send it t.) an y' lJP who cares to see it, LEICESTER h,we received th e 17til nll ll.l [' Centre, from which it appears that the work is steadily going on in thls town. The Corps can boast of tcn divisions. The committee recognise the insufficiency of the outfit, and are trying to get the uniform adopted. The r e are eia-ht hand ambulance wagons at different parts of the town, and one horse ambulance wagon at the fire station The following extract speaks for itself :-11 The horse ambulance at the fire has been used in cases of accident and transport no less than 57 times, and the best thanks of the committee are tendered to Superintendent Ely for the highly satisfactory way in which he and his men attend to the wagon, it being purely voluntary work A new ambulance litter, thoroughly equipped, has lately been added to those already in use. The latest addition has been purchased by the Butchers' Association, and stationed at the cattle market, the necessity for an ambulance forcibly manifested itself on the occasion of a serious accident."

'\[A:\,CHESTER.-THE POLICE A:-iD FIRST AID.-Since 1891 it has been a condition of sen ice in the .\Ianchester Police force that applicants should pass an examination as to proficiency in the work of first aid. The order was not made re":rospective, so that many of the men ha \'e not passed this examination. The week before last certi ficates for proficiency were given by the Lord Mayor to a number of the men, out of 4+ entitled to the certificate +1 were present. There are now in the force 771 of a possible 1037, or 7+'3 per cent, who bave passed !he examination. Th.s scheme might well be adopted all over the country. It would often be the means of saying life or limb it "'ould gi\'e in crecsed interest to the work, and tend to raise the tone of the men, and so ameliora te the policeman ' s lot which it is said" is not a bappy one. "-Lall cet,

AID FOR SOT.DIERS.-A no\ el and interesting experiment in field ambulance work was carried out on Thursday evening at Velizy, near Paris. Sixty soldiers of the Paris garrisons, acting the part of wounded men, were dispersed over a "'ide expanse of meadow land on the edge of a wood, the design being to ascertain in what time they could be sought out and carried away by the military ambulance staff "'ith the aid of a new apparatus invented by Dr. ,\lareschal, the principal medical officer. This invention, which will probably wholly the lanterns formally employed, is a powerful searchlight, fed by a volatile liquid, and proyided with a large plantinum reflector, which tbrows a conical beam nearly r,ooo ft. long. The whole apparatus can be car r ied on the back like a knapsack, and is easily manipulated. The experiment was a complete success, halfan-hour sufficing to find and carry the sixty ,lfai.!.

OXFORD.- The annual meeting of this centre was held at the Settling Room, Gloucester Green, on Tuesday, 28th September. Tbe Superintendent, :.vIr. E Jessop, occupied the chair, and there were also present .\Iessrs. T. Foort (Han. Secretary), J. H. Green, C, Symonds (Stores Keeper), Ringrose, F. Dearle, "'. S. Goundry, Brooker, Lawrence, H H. Carter, 'V. Couldrey, IY. H G. Round, G. Browning, A. Sirman, D. Hamilton, W. W. Sabey, J. C. Taylor, J. Clarke, Banting, W. Rawlings and .\Ierriman. The read the which was adopted, ;\Ir. T, Foort, in readll1g the balance said he had had certain difficulties to contend with, and the balance 111 hand was not what he should have liked to have seen. The demonstration took up a great deal of money, and at one time they were alit of funds and in debt. The receipts, including a cash balance from last year of £5 9s. 3d., amounted to £+5 3S. gd., and after the expendlture had been deducted, a balance of £6 17s. lad. was left. The balance sheet was passed, the chairman remarking incidentally that when a remained over from tbe Jubilee dinner, he put in a spoke for some of 1t and obtained £5. 'Vithout that the society would ha\'e been badly off. The election of ofhcers was the next Jessop was elected Superintendent, and l\lr. .\Iorgan Honorary Surgeon, and Mr. Symonds "'as re-elected to the post of Store Keeper, and Mr. Brooke \',as Han. Secretary. 1\11'. Clarke prol osed a vote of thanks to the retmng secretary, whose work, he said, must have been a labour of love, or he would not have been able to do what he had. M1'. Foort, they would all agree, had fulfilled his duties in a most excellent 1\1r. Ringrose seconded. The vote was carned byacclamatlOn: Mr. Foort, in returning thanks,said it bad been a pleasure to.work wlth the officers and members who have made it very much eaSler than would have been the case they been pulling in opposite directions. They helped him as much as he could expect. They had managed to get through the year fairly sllccessfl711y, though not so. as he could have wished, He was oblIged to them for thelr kmd vote, and would try to do a little for them in the fut.u:e-(applause). Mr. Edgington proposed a vote of thanks to the rettrlng officers, and .1\[r. Lawrence seconding, it was unanimously carned. 1\1r. Jessop J;lnefly replied, ancl a vote of thanks to the chairman cor.cluded tbe meet1l1g. ( Continu.al on page 232,)

Nove mber, 18 97.J F I RST

A t:b . 233

FIRST AID j , rOVEJ1JBER 1, 1897.

S1'. J OHN AMBULANOE ASSOOIATION. (Continllerlj?'mltpa(Je 231.)

AUSTRALIA.

@ur lPortrait <Baller\?

SUPERINTENDEK'r OF S'I.'ORES SnUTE BARnIKGTOX PIERS, METROPOLITAN CORPS, ST. J 011)[ BRIGADE.

A VVORD OF WAR:\,I:-\G,

Our readers, and, we should like to all first-aiders should read an annotatIOn appearing in the La, ll cet (pu blished another column of thIS Journal ) wherem some severe strictures are passed on the evidence giyen by a po l ice sergeant. It appears that at an inquest at H allon, near Lancaster, a serge ant upon, in t h e word.s ?f the Lancet, to desc.nbe mJLmes and to cri\'e an Opll1lOn as to the manner In whIch one of them been caused He said: "When I got it out I found that the neck was dislocated, and a large " ound on the left side of the neck, through the mouth and out at the right cheek The carotid artery was severed, the left arm was fractured and four of his left ribs, whilst the bottom lip was torn away. ,!,he artery appeared to have been pierced by a pIece of tImber, the wound be ing contused. " The La!lcet to some scathing remarks on the eVIdence grven by the polIceman and its value and there seems to be a good deal of ground for them Of course it is yery easy to ridicule a first,aider, whether he is a policeman or not , who chooses to step ou t of his path to plunge into wat e rs wh e re he soon gets out of his depth, and it is sa ti sfac tory to n o te that the Lancet, whilst blaming the indi\' idual, does not even suggest that the system is at fault.

But there is one point that the Lan cet seems to have missed and that is the conduct ofthe coroner in allowing such as this to be given and in treating it apparently as expert evidence. . A corone r ,has ab solute power in his own court to admIt or refuse Ju st as much e\ idence as he thinks fit, and he also knows beforehand the gist of the evidence that each witness is going to give. At the inqllest in point the coroner ought not to have permitted a layman to give that kind of e\'idence. Medical e\'idence should only be gi\'en by a medical man No magi strate, or at least a sti pendary magistrate, would think of allowing such a !:"tate ment to be made by an irresponsible person-in the eye of the law it is not even evidence as to fact, nor is the opinion expressed worth the paper on wh ich it is written.

There are one or two le ssons to be learn t from thi s episode which all wh o are conn ec ted with ambulance w o rk should take to heart. Firstly , all first-aider s should remember that their duties as am bulance men are con tamed within the four corners of the text books with which they are acquainted. They ha , 'e not been taught and have never been intended to supplant the medical man in any way whatever-if they ever attempt it. the medical men will resent it, thus breaking the chief support on which th e ambulance movement rests M o reover, at present th e public is in favour of the ambulance cause, but if individual member s try to pose a amateur doctors they only make laughing-stock s of them selves and so change the public feeling, for it is well known that nothing damages :111y ca u se so much as ridicule. It is almost superfluous to add that no ambulance pupil should attempt to call in question the opinion of a medical man , Surgeons who are e ngaged in giving ambulance instruction will perceive from this incident the importance of confining their teach ing to such subjects as will e nable their pupils to under stand thoroughly the rendering of first aid. Any fir s t-aider who is obliged to give evidence jn a court only ought to describe the effort s he made to render assistance .

It is to be hoped that su c h a n incident as the above wi ll never occ u r again.

BROKE;-'< III LL (XEW SOUTH \VAL ES) AMBULANCE CLU B - The first meeting of Broken Hill Ambulance held a.t tbe 1.' 0w n Hall, August 9th, J. C , presldlllg. The mam b u s1l1ess :Jf the meetina was the adoptIOn of ru le s, A draft had bee n prepared b y 1\1r. D. and these on bei n g, put were to m t h out disse nt. The a n nua l s ub scr iption was h xed at 3S., WIth ,:n e n tra.nce fc:e, after this meeting, o f 1/6 Th e officers con s st of a preSIdent, vlcepreside nt secretary a nd treasurer, and commIttee of three, w it h n ot more t han five patrons. Officers were th e n elected :-Patr o n s Th e i\l ayor, Yles srs C. Eie):, A. S. E. J. IIorw ood, and. Sub1nspecLOr \\' ebb; preslden t, 1\1r. iJ. ; VIce -pI eSIJent, Serge.lIlt S cott, secretary and treasurer, 1,,; Beaumont; committee, '\lessrs. ;\l ou lden, B a rd well, and Sweete. Close u pon 20 members Iyere em'olled before the meetin a terminated Between 70 and 80 ladies and gentlemen have so far signified their willingn ess to ambulance class es in connec:ion with the St. J ohn Ambulance ASSOCIatIOn. SYD:>1EY (NEW SOUTH 'VA LES). -It was with a view of what is be in a done in certlin lal ae centres of emp oy m ent that a Sydllq E1'elling representative much time in visiting vario;-Is large w orks where corps are e!'tabli shed under the allspIces of tbe :::Jt. J ohn Ambulance Association. The Colonial S u gar Company's works were first v isi t ed, anu :'Ilr. J. J. Strange, hon secretary of CO ps, that si nce the br aade was formed in 1892, and mal11ly lh roug h tbe encouragement gil'en by the company, 'who donated £25, the members had sho l" ed great enthusiasm in the \lork, had regularly attended the classes, and had a large percentage of fully qualined ambulance men. T he equ Ipm ent isa complete one, and its has teen proved on more wan one occasion. Since the formatIon of the corps the num ber ot cases dealt with total over ISO, some very serious. J. here are cases I nstanced wbich show marked skillful treatment, aJd altogether deserve the highest commendation The members of corps especially refer to the s up pOrt given by 1\1r. E. W. Kn ox, chaIrman of the and the orficia s, ane. say that they are el'er r eady to s upp Ort thelT efforts to assist suffer ng humanity. There IS an ambulance \lagon at the works, and the company provides a horse and allows of tbe corps time to attend 'to all acciden t5 wbich come under the Ir notIce. Dr. Jarvie H ood has been the principal lecturer to the cbs,ses, and the members have also to thank Drs. Vandaleur Kelly, p.., E Roth, and Voodward hr imparting to them such instructions as to enab l e :w. of leir number to pass their examinations and obtam the meda!lIo,n You'll find the ambulance room ol'er near the blacksmIth s shop" w as the reply recei eel by the representative as h e entered tbe gre,tt yard :'I I OrL's D.ock. Knight, the hon. secretary showed the reporter the JOtenor at the ambulance I'oom, excellent ly up anel containing a sma rt s hford lit ter and a Furley stretc h er. lhe drawers "er e found filled II ith bandages , wools, lint, &c., the pI'S o n Sll etchen were fully replenished and in that apple-pIe o rder for whIch a well-kept drug store IS always noted. At tImes the works employ 500 men, so the risk is great, especially to c::tsual hanels, and P;tttll1g the average number of cases dealt with ataboUL ten J. \leek :'IlL h.Dlght would appear to be \Yell under the mark.. The Sydney l'Ilea,t Presel v ing 'Y orks are unfortunately, at present Idle, and when the tive bunted up the sec etary, he had tir:1e to spea.k of bls ," orps. It has been t",o .y ears, and dunng that tIme has dealt with 75 0 cases, sellO US and slrgbt In additIOn to a casualty room hey have a. fitted ul? practIce roo 111 and 011 works the members have budt an Ashford Inter equa l, If not supe ll OI to any in the colony. The classes a r e being attendeu, and altoget h e the corps is in a fiouri.shing cond it ion. B eSIdes other gentleme n who hare contributed to thIS happy result are, Dr. Bowman :'Ilr. Walter Th omas (instructor), Captam :'Il1 tche ll, ?lessrs. S. Couch, 1. Shield:, J. L ahey, and \V. B ates c\ass IS sbortly.t o be The corps at .Messrs, G. anel C,. H oskms s Foundry. IS on!;: In, infancy, bu t bids fair to be estab h shed on a sound fOOLll1g. 1 he TIl st class bas just been pu through the exam lll atlOns, btlt the I'S not yet known. The officials are :-i\lessrs. J. L a:1gston, presld,ent; D B en nett, secretary; L treasurel:; D. SmIth, anel J. 1\1 committee Dr. R. B. Trtndal IS the ll1s tr u ctor.

\VE bave received a bott le of H all's Coca \V ine, and after caref ul examinJ.tio n we unhe sit ating ly con fir m a ll that has been sal J 111 [avow'of this valuable tonic as a r ec upera t ive agent for th ose persons wb o are I un down either fr om ove rw ork or mental trouble. 111 addl tlon .to. ItS medical anu st imulatin g p roperties it is palata )Ie, anJ unl Ike Sl111llar pre p arat ons of this kiml does nau sea.

DR. \VOO LJS, who was unable to give his ecture" On the, )J" ervous System" in July last will kinJty g ve th e same o n t.he fhur sclay ot January at 8 p.m. Another of lectures WIll b e gIven by the l[on. Sur aeo l1 s of the :\[ etropo lltan Corps. St. J o hn Ambulance 13rigaele the I\ew Year. The Syllabus WIll be publI shed in o ur n eXL i ss ue.

THE portrait which appears in o ur Gallery thi s month is th a t of an officer 111 th e Metropolit an Corp s, "':'t, J 0 1111 Ambul a nce Brigade who through ca reful and diligent a ttention to hi s dutie s , h as steadily ri se n to hi s presen t POSltIOI1 in tbe corps, and won the es t ee m of all with ,vhom he ha s come in contact.

Superintendent S B. Pier s was b orn i n 186-+ at vV eymouth, and was ed ucated at Chri st's H ospi tal for the Navy. Circum sta nce s, howev er, led him t o choose a commercial career, and he entered the Cit)' in 1881, where he now h old s a re sp o n sib le po it io n ')lr. Pi ers firs t turn ed h is attel'tion to ambulance work in r 8qo. when heioined th e Cycli s t s' Di\'i ion of th e M etropo lit an Corps, 111 93 h e was pr o m o t ed to Sergeant and trans fe rred to the staff of the Superintendent of Stores, in the following year be ing raised to the rank of Staff Sergeant. In October, r 8q s, he received the appointment of A ss istant Superint en dent of Stores, which he h eld until the e nd of Augu t las t, wh e n the then Superintendent of Stor es , ]HI'. A. ]. Trimmer , being promot e d to the Brigade Staff, he wa s appointed to the vacant po sition Mr. Pi ers w as a well known figure at the Annual Camp s of In s trucLion, 1892 to 1896, acting fir st as Quarter :JIaster S e rgeant and la t er as A ssistan t Quarter :JIaste r. In July la st, in recognition of his ambulance se rvic e, ::'Ilr. PIers was made an H o n orary Serying Brother of th e Or der of the Ho sp ital of St John o f Jeru sa lem in England. Of a quiet, una ss uming di sposit i on , ahyays chee rful, h e has nude num erous friends, and we are s ur e that all who know him will congratulate 1\11'. Pier s upon the distinction that ha s b ee n conferred upon him <l nd which he has so well ea rned.

i50n i no -

BY CHlHURGUS.

To the Rmders of "First ,lit-I."

V o miting -There a re variolls points to take note of in a pat ient suffe r ing from this symptom. c ur sory examinat on of the Yomlted matter may give YOll a s tr ong hint as to the nature Y o u will obse rve wbat it consists of- whe h er food only or frothy s u bstance or b lood or if there ae any strong smell wi th it , s u c b as that of carbolic acid or o pium, &c. It is also advisable to ascert:1.in hoI\' soon tbe 1'0mitinO" commenced after the taking of lhe drug aud ho\\' long it has Y o u will also probably obsen'e whetber pain accompanies the sy mptom and where it i s ocated Look at h e lips and mouth for any white or yellowish coating.

Do not allow any vomited substance to be thrown away but let it be kept for examination by the d oc tor.

Vomiting is a symptom pr oel u cej by s trong acids and a lkalies, by fome met a llic and vegetable poiso ns and by poi sonolls food s If the vomitin g be accompanied by int ense burning p ain in the

tbroat, chest and stomach, and he vomited matter consists of iood mixed with blood or shreds o f mucLls, or brown in colour and there is gre at in speaki n g or th e poiJon 'is (One of the strong mIneral aCids If 111 addItIOn the lIps are covered \Iith a thick yellow .the drug is N itric Acid or Aqua Fortis If it is a thIck wh Ite coat1l1g the drug IS Sulphuric Acid 01' Oil of VitrioL If the !s not so or somewhat it is caused by HydrochlOrIC A Cid or S pirIts of Salts If the lips are "'hite and shrIvelled accompanied by. he smell, it is Carbolic Acid , wbich also soon Increasll1g drOWSIness. If the yom ting and pain, &c are coul?le? wllh a I'ery weak pulse and excessl,ye languor, followed by death \\'1th111 half-an,hour, the pOlson IS O xalJc Acid otherwise Salts of Lem o n. Thi s is the most speedily fa.lal of ail these acids and I'ery easily procurable. I t has often been mlslaken for Epsom Salts beina very much like it in appearance. Carbolic Acid is more often by accicient, being an article in common use, but the sufferinas itcauses are dreadful. The action of these strong acids on the the of gas,. cistending the stomacb and increasing the pain. ACIds stop the actIon of the bo"els, bllt the alkalies incre<lse it.

If the vom iti"lg an:! be by violent purging and the pasS1.ge blood pOIson IS a C austic Alkali ( Soda, Potash , or Ammollla ) In pOls0nlng?y the vapours may get into the all' passages. and lungs caus111g mflammatior: which is speedily fatal.

In pOlsol1lng by Mercury (such as Suhlimate) the symptoms are practlcally the same. There IS also a brass}' taste in the mouth accompanied by excessive secretion of salil'a.

[n poisoning hy Arsenic the I'omiting is yery like that of a bilious attack. and comes on about half-an-hour or an hour after takina the drug. Painful cramps in cail'es of the legs are caused by this drug.

The by ur metallic salts, (PhoshOI·U.s,. ChlOrIdes .of Z1l1C, T lll, Ar:tlmony, ;'; ltrale of Sill·er. &c.) Yiz:vomltll1g , abdomn:al pam, and dmrrbcea, are ,'ery much alike, and "ill probably be unable to be distinguished by the first aicier. The I'omited matter of P hosphorus is tumino1Js in the dark. Generally the "omitina is so violent that the bulk of the poison is ejecteel, and as the local action of these salts on the tissues is not so corrosil e as that of the l111l1eral acids, the res u lts are not 50 fataL

The vom iti ng produced by poisonous foods comes on some time' (varying according to different conditions) after the inoestion of the food. The symptoJ?1s a re .not likely to be so urgent as to°require your serl1ces, and the dIagnOSIs and treatment mLlst be undertaken by a meciical man.

Convulsions.-T here is only one drug that produces cOl1\'ulsions lasting any length of time, and that is Strychnine In a tell' minutes after taking the poison the patient has a feeling of suffocation followed by a convulsil'e attack oyer the whole body lasting for about a minute, the body oecoming p erfectly stiff and arched backwarcls. '-ery soon the rn uscl e s relax and there IS a complete cessation, but it is not of loner duration, as the slightest mOI'emen t brings on another attack If dose is a fatal one, the attacks are repeated and the patiem dies in about half-an-hour or an bour; on the other hand, if not fat,d, the fits become less and less frequent and eventually cease This dnlO" is a com lll on ingl edient in "vermin powder," &c., and is generally by accident.

In poisoning by Prussic Acid after a little difficult respiration, a violent convubi 'e movement ets in and the patient becomes dark in the face from inabili ty to breathe. After this stage has passed a peliou of calm comes on, usually followed by death, the whole process only taking a fe'", minutes.

D elirium.-Th ere is one drug that produces this symptom, viz. Bellad o nna, and it is just as well for you to bear it in mind-th e condit io n is character istic-the pupils are widely dilated, there is intense h irst, the skin is covered with a red rash, the delirium is restless and mirthful sometimes causing the to be "ery yiolent. Belladonna is often contained in lotions which are occasionally swallowed by mistake, and the berries of the Deadly :-\ ightshade, from which it is ol,tained, are at times taken by children.

(To be co,dwlted.)

1RaiIwl1\? tl l1lbll[ a nC C.

SOUTH EASTER", RAIU\'AY.-IYe h ave receiyed the first annual report of the SOllth Eastern Railway Ambulance Classes, from which II e are pleased to see th1.t good efforts are made to promote amhulance w or k o n this line. Station buildings are allowed to be ll sed for class instruction) stretcher drill and ba ndage practices. re hope to see this m ovement increase. Th e follow;ng is alist of the local secre tarie s to whom applicat io n s h ou ld be made by the employes, London District, E. J. T ay lor, Collector, Cann on Street Rotherhithe R oad, R. Walker, In spec tor ; C. Baker, Office P orter; Dunton Green, H. Odd, Signalman; Red Hill W G Catt, Yard F orema n; T o nbridge, R. Stevens, In s pe cto r Tunbridge W ells , S. Balcombe, P o lic e man; Hastings, C. Ginger, Cloak R oom ; Ashford, W. Whale, Inspe cto r; Ramsgate, A. 'V Cox, Bools.ing- Clerk; F o lke stO lJe C Osborne, Collector; Dover, \V Brett, Guard.

Ube 'JLife $a\)ing $ociet\?

THE VALUE OF A LTFE.

" I saw him beat the surges umler him, And ride upon their backs; he trod the water, \\'hose enmity he flung aside, and breasted. "-Shakespeare. matter how con"incing a writer may be, or etoquent a preacher, he generally contrives to drag into the.me a short from one or other of the great mas ers of Eng!lsh lItera ture. No has, however been preached or essa y \\In tten, whIch has had for ILS text a more significant object'lesson than the above three lines from" T be Tempest." They point a moral and adorn a tale, the v.alue?f wlm'h will be shown presently. It is an acknowle?ged whIch will be disputed, that the combined wealth of \\'Ill never be suffiCIent in value to purchase a buman life \ Vhat IS ,"alued so dearly must there fore be worth somethina to preserve. ThIs IS so apparent that a sledge hammer is not to drive it home [t has been aptly said by a great thinker. tbat the man \"ho make .two blades of grass grow where one had only pre, iously IS a benefactor. to humanity. IVe can enhance the value of th s statement by askll1g how much greater is THE DEnT \YE O\\,E TO THE ,,1.4.:-< who saves a human life? With this brief introduction, no apology is necessary for saying something about the work .of the" Life Society," which commenced its yalu<1ble career JJ1 1891. Its objects are to make familiar to everyone the best and most sImple metho.ds of rescuing and restoring to life the apparently drowned. It IS. an extraordinary statement to make, but true nel ertheless, that notwIthstanding the fact that the majority of the dwellers on the Isle of the Sea" are woefully ignorant of the. noble art of slVlmmll1g. IVe pride ourselves upon being the pioneers 111 every branch of. sport, yet thousands of Enalish Children donot understand the first rudIments of i; the water. "'hat can be more degrading to our humanity than the sight of a cro'>vd of strong men helplessly watching

THE DYING STRUGGLES OF A CHILD in a few feet of water? Yet lthe scene has only too frequently occurred, as the records of our Coroners' Courts can prove. \ Vhat a satire lIpon man's helplessness in the face of d.tnger are the words of one of our greatest writers, when he says: " I dare do all that may become a man," yet we find brave strong men standing trembling on the verge of a sheet of water, afraid to dare all that becomes a man to save the lifeof a fellow creature. The Life Saving Society has commenced the task of putting an end to this lamentable state of affairs.

The information spread abroad in all parts of the world, day by day, has proved most valuable and successful in its results. Already there has been a most gratifying increase in the number of lives saved from drowning in all districts, where its workers have been active, and it is also a noticeable fact that a knowledge 0f the art of swimming is becoming more general amongst all classes of society. As it is emphatically pointed out in the Annual Report, it is only a very few years ago that but little general interest was t.aken in the subject of teaching swimmers themselves the best methods of rescue and resuscitation of the apparently drowned. Even after a person had been rescued from the water, at the risk of another life, it was ten chances to one that

THE VITAL SPARK WOULD FLICKER OUT and die, owing to a want of k:-lOwledge on the part of those present in the principles of those promoting artificial respiration. Another valuable lesson taught by the Society, which has been the means of saving many gallant lives, is how swimmers may evade, or release themselves from the death grip, thus providing for their own safety, and that of the person they may be attempting to rescue, It has often happened that persons able to swim have been afraid to venture to the help of a distressed comrade in the water on account of this danger. T h e semi-conscious state of a drowning person destroys all presence of mind, and he instantly clutches at anything he feels and this of course not only paralyses all the efforts of his rescuer, but positively endangers life. Vhen this is the case. there should be no scruple on the part of the latter to use any means necessary to obtain release.

An instance illustrating the great importance of this knowledge came under special notice at Kingston, Jamaica. One of the sailors, who had been allowed ashore, was return i ng on board rather the wors e for liquor. I n walking along the gangway, composed of a coup e of narrow planks, he stuml::led and fell into the water. As the

HARBOUR SWARMS WITH SHARKS, there was but little hope of a successful rescue when the alarm was raised Its first echoes had hardly time to die away, before the Captain, who was luckily on deck, jumped over the sicle, in the direction where he judged the man's body would rise. Immediately he feIt the gra<p of his !'escuer he made a desperate struggle to clutch him round the neck, the latter quickly released himself, and catching the man by the arms was able to keep him under control, and swim with him towards the coat, wh ch was now rapidly approaching their vicinity. And not a moment too soon, for quickly nearing the two men in the water was an enormous shark As they were hastily dragged by many willing hands into safety, the hideous creature swept pa:;t the sid e of the boat, giving a vicious snap of its jaws, as an indication of what wo u ld be the

fate o f a n yone comi ng w thi n their reach Had the captain not been able to instantaneous ly evade the clutc h of the drownin g man, and made it impossible for him to struggle, a terrib e tragedy would have occurred, by means of which not only would a brave man's life have been ficed, but a widow ami seyeral helpless orphans 1I0uld have been deprived of the bread winner. It is such incidents as this that hring home to liS

THE SPLENDID OF THE \VORK in which the "Life Saving Society" ,is engaged. In speaking of sailors, it is a most astonishing fact, that a brge number both in the navy and merchant service are totally ignoran t of the rudiments of swimming. It seems as if their famil iarity with water makes them ind fferent to it and care less of consequences. As it has been remarked again and a!;ain by various writers, when dea ling with the subject, it is melancholy to observe that when a ship is wrecked within a hundred yards of the shore, and no boats or other assistance arrives, how few even attempt to gain safety by swimm i ng, and those very few who do so are usually passengers. Thanks to the outcry that has been made on this important subject, and which has grown more urgent of late year s owing to the energy displayed by the mem hers of the Society, this evil is being remedied and in many schools the art of swimming is now being taught to boys and girls It is to be hoped that the time is not far distant when el'ery able seaman will be compelled to produce a certiticate as to proficiency in swimming, together with that for his other qualifications, in order to satisfy the regulations of the Board of Trade.

\Vhen tbis comes to pass, cases of panic

lN TIME OF SHll'WRECK or other dangers at sea, will be of very rare occurrence, Every man will feel confidence in the knowledge that 3hould the worst come to the worst, he will be able at any rate to battle with it. He can thus keep a cool heac for obeying orders, and very often a danger may be averted, which might otherwise have ended in a terrible catastrophe. It is another extraordinary fact that many men engaged at life-boat n ork are totally unable to swim. It is a very strange anomaly, but true nevertheless. Doubtless they feel there is safety in lheir life-belts, cork jackets, &c , but they do not reflect upon !he fact that at a time of real emergency in the water they may become dangerous enemies, for should they by any means slip from their fastenings and become entangled, a non-swimmer would be drowned, unless someone was near to extl icate him. At a time of excitement ,md clanger, however, there would be but small chance of this hope of release, and another brave man's life would be sacrificed [or the want of a little knowledge, which might so easily have been gained. What a terrible, yet humiliating sight it is tD see a crowd of men anLI women powerless to be of any SER\']CE Il\ THE FACE OF

For them to be deaf to the cries of appeal for aid from some one Jl1 deadly peril, to see a fellow-creature in fact struggling in the gl ip of death, and they must needs stand helplessly by, unable to prevent the inevitable catastrophe. Yet such a scene is, even to this day, too painfully common It is not so long ago, that an occurrence similar to the above was witnessed on the banks of the Regent's Canal, when a young lad was drowned while bathing. Several men and women alarmed by the screams of his companions, hurried to the spot, but no one dared venture into the water to the poor lad's rescue. There wa s not a s\\'immer amongst them, and before sufficient aid could be summoned, the last act in the sad tragedy was ol er. \Yhat made the more harrowing was that the vi(;tim's mother was present, making frenZied appeals for some one to save her son.

Many similar instances occurring in all parts of the world could be given, ,,,hich might haye been prevented if even 1. rudimentary knowledge 01 swimming wel'e more general. The influence of the Society is rapidly increasing', and the of good it has already accom plished is incalculable. Take, for instance, the case whIch occurred as recently as Thursday, October 21st, at Billingsgate l\1arket, when a fish porter named Goldstein was engaged carrying empty fish trunks from a barge across a plank to the market landing stage for sbipment on the "Eastward" laying on the outer side of the stage. Having a load of these trunks on his back and when balfway between the barge and landing stage, he slipped and fell into the water. 1\1r. Howe (a member of the Dreadnought S.C. Life Saving class, of which Mr, IV. Greenland is the Hon, Instructor) seeina the man fall, immediately plunged into the water and grasped Goldste111 JUST IN TlME TO SAVE HIM being sucked under the landing stage and kept him on the surface and with assistance both wele bl'ought to a place of safety. It ma'y be stated that a very strong tide setsin at this point and that a few months ago a man was drowned at. the same spot where Goldstein fell in on that occasion the poor fellow was sucked under the landing stage any assistance could be rendered, h erefore there is not the least doubt that but for the prompt action of :'\Ir. Howe, who was tully clothed, must have shared a similar fate. As ex-captain of the Dreadnought S.C and a delegent and pupil of the Club class, we have much pleasure in congratulating Mr. Howe upon his arduous and successful rescue, w h ich result will afford a great amount o[ pleasure to Mr. Oscar Gridley, w h o, as a member of the Central Executive of the Life Saving Society an d president of the Cl u b, was chiefly instrumental

No ve mb er, 1897.J FIRST

in starting the class of 'which Mr. W. Green and, of the London and IndIa Docks S.C has proved h i msel f such an able instructor who is proud_of 1\11': IIowe's humane :tnd considers fully rewalded fOJ the tIme he has devoted 111 teachll1a the members that useful knowledge. This is a practicable resu lt of b THE SOClEn-'s GENERAL WORK which affects all. classes of the community, and it ought to receive the hearty co-operatIOn of those who respect the sacredness of human life. As hav.e pointed and again, its existence has been justified by Its havll1&, met a deficI.ency generally acknowledged, which was more t!lan fell dunng the bat.hll1g and boating seaSOll, when thousands of bves are lost by drownlllg The grand work it has, however, done in the past cannot be extended and continued without a larg-e increase in its means of subsistence , '" There are many people in this world who have both leisure and wealth and we beli.eve that life would be much sweeter for them if they would take an actIve part In the work and give something yearly out of their abundance. They would hal'e the satisfaction of witnessina the amount of good well spen.t can do. There are already ma;y .ladies and gentlemen glVll1g WeIr tIme, energy and money to the work, but it is a pity the burden should 110t bave more shoulders to rest upon when the result is FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMAl'\[TY. The instructions issued for saving life should be known throughout the land They are. so simple that a child can be taught them, yet so valuab le that they WIll prove true friends in the hour of need. ,Vealthy people who wish to confer a lastina benefit on society could not d'J tetter than bute to a fund for purpose of gratuitously dlstnbutll1g the SOCIety s leaflets.

The practical result. of their generosity could be daily pro\'ed by the fact that they are helpll1g to spread a knowledge and love of life -savina throughout the world '"

THE CE 'TRAL EXECUTIVE.

A meeting of .the ,Central Executive was held on Wednesday, October 20th, at the SocIety s office, 8 Bayley Street, London, "'.C., there were present l\Iessrs. A. Lang Gieve (in the chair), C. Crute, Guy 1\1. Campbell, C. Wheeler, A. H. T. Buller, H. R. Austin, E. C. Skinner, J. E. May, i\1iss E. Kingston, "'. B. Norris, Hon. Treasurer, and W. Henry lIon. Secretary. After the usual routine bllsiness, the Hon Sec. reponed that the South African House S. C. had this season given a large number of demonstrations of life saving, in fact \vhen ever they wer.e as.ked, no matter by whom, the members had not declined a single to h;lp the objects of the Society, and that at each of these dIsplays :'1r. \\. Howard Horder had represented the Executive by his able lectures on the methods recommended by the Society. The Club and i\ 1r. HordeI' were thanked for the I'ery kind services they had rendered. A letter was read from the actina President of the West Australian Branch, which had been to the Hon. President H.R.H The Duke of York forwarding tbe thanks of that .ror H .R.H.'s presence at the Jubilee Gala in July, and asking permISSIon to present a Gold Medal in H R. H. 's name for competition amongs.t the members, The request was graciously granted, and at the suggestIOn of the President, the Executive unanimously decided to for\\,arc' an invite to send a representatil e to England next year. The lIon. Sec. submitted details of the arranaements that had been made for the "'inter classes of instruction at various Baths \\'hich were approved, l\Ir. John Scouller's election as Hon. Sec. of Scottish Branch was reported, and that gentleman was thanked for undertaking that office, also various details in connection with the final tie of the National Life Competition to be held in Glasgow on T\ovember 9th, were dIscussed and the arrangements of the Scottish officials approved. Messrs, W Henry and W. E. Bull were appointed J udo-es for the Irish Com petitions, the winners of which compete for honours at Gbsgow Since the last meeting thirty-one classes had been held, the awards being 92 IIIedallions and ISS Certificates, making a total of 600 in two months, the results gi\'ing much satisfaction A commIttee was arranged to promote PI HLlC LECTlJ HES IN SWDDII:\fG DI\'ING

Life Saving illustrated by lantern slides, &c., and it was then resol"ed to issue an appeal for fi nancial support to enable the Executil'e to carry out mo re efficien tly the work in which the Society is engaged.

Mr. A C. 1\ Iyers, Hon. Sec. of the Scarborough S. C and 1\Ir. E. Smith \ Vhalley of Leeds, were unanimously elected Examiners "nd lIon. District Representat ives for Scarborough and Leeds respectively.

Mr. J. W. Beanland who held the post of Representative for Leeds for a consicierable period with distinction, owing to his leaving the distr ct, tendered his resignation, and was accot':'ded a bearty voLe of thanks fo r the many services he has rendered. Mr. Leithead, Hon. Representative for West Hartlepool reported a rescue by a member of his class who had successfully pas'ied the Society's Exam ination for Certificate and Medallion, he was congratulated upon the result of his good work. I was resoll'ed to hold an examination for the Society's Dip loma at Sunderland, on IIst, M essrs. V. Henry and W. E. B ull to be examiners a n d aft e r several examiners had been appoi n ted for classes in co urse of completio n the meeting closed.

AI D. 23 5

LIFE SAV1:-lG

Final Tie in the even open to clubs in the Southern Counties was at the Bath Club, DOI'er \Y., on Thurr.day, October 2.Ist, t.he presence of a large and fashIOnable audience. After various tIes whIch ha\'e beell IJ1 progress throughout the season the London and IndIa. Docks S C. and Dreadnought S. C. teams were left in to decide the TIght for chIef honours, The former won last year and were therethe holders. of the Shielci, also that given for the :'\a.tJonal ChampIOnshIp, Consldenng that this is the tirst occasion on the have made an attempt to gain high honours in useful It .IS very creditable to the club to find their team tryll1g conclUSIOns whIch slIch masters of the subject as the Dock S C team undoubtedly is, and judging by the result they made a very show agall1st such fOrImda.ble opponents. Messrs. Guy i\1. Campbell and \V G. Greenwood were Judges, and :\11'. W. E. Bull was the director who, after a most trying contest. declared the result as follows and India Docks S C., 98 Dreadnought S. C., 92i points. Thus the former for the second year 111 succession take first honour and the gold medals, the second Learn wins sih-er medals.

N_-\TIO:\AL LIFE SA\ IXG CO:lIPETlTTO:\,.

This important annual event takes place at Glasgow, on Xovember 9 th at Gorbals Baths, R. D. Waddell, Esq., of Rednock, Kel\'inside, in the chaIr. The pro!5ramme of el'ents is as follows :-II1\ itation 100 yards scratch race, in which the following will compete G, Galbraith IOO Yards Champion of Scotland W, L. Russell, i and t ChampIOn of Scotland EI:leG. Th.omson, 50 and IOO yarus Ohampion of Scotland, 1892-93-9-1-; I: 1\f. Bedby. Drumsheugh Baths, Edinburah leo Yards Champion, 1895 ; F. F. Stirling, Pollokshields Baths Graceful and Grotesque pi.I'ing by A' T. Champion of Scotland. 1896.; J. Bal!he, i\mateur ChampIOn of Scotland, r897; J. Lome Club, .Edll1burgh, Runner-up, r897. 50 Yards (Open) HandIcap (Three Pnzes). DIsplay of Ornamental, Trick, and Fast Swimming by 1'1r. W. Henry, HO Champion, 89, Long Distance 1890, Sec. and Origina:or of the Life Saving SocIety. Grand FlI1al TIe for the XatJonal ShIeld of the Life Sa\'inoSociety, and Gold, SilYer, and Bronze .:\Iedals. Inter-City Polo :\latch: v. Glasgow. Th.is gala has been entirely arranged and \\'Ill be conducted by the executJ\'es of the Scottish Branch of the of which :.\11'. John Scouller, 37, South Portland C:"lasgo\\" IS the Hon. Sec. an'i :'IIr. F. Archer, the Acting President. The teams left in to take part in the semi-final which will be decided in th.: 9th are the and India Docks, Coventry InstItute LIfe Sa\'lng Class, Somh SIde S.C., Glasgo\\ , and thewinnina team of the Irish Competition which is fixed to be held at Belfast Saturday, 6th. Messrs. "-. Henry and W. E. Bull are going especially to Belfast on the Friday prior to judge the event, after whiCh ther will proceed to Glasgow to do the needful in the"

Prior to the competition at Glasgow a Conference on Life Saving is to be held at the Alexandra Hotel at 3 p m and after the Gala in the evening the Scottish Branch will entertain the visitors to a supper, when the prizes will be distributed.

\\'l:-\TER CLASSES.

At the Winter Class of instruction for men opened at Tibberton Square Baths, on Tuesday, October 26th, there was a large attendance of candidates prepared to practice until proficient. i\Ir. Charles Lawrence has kindly undertaken the duties of Hon. Instructoranu .:III. j, 1'1etcalfthat of Hon. Sec. \\'ho intends to make tbis class a thorough success. The ladies branch commenced practice on the following Thurday, and as last year, the attendance was gratifying. A similar class has been started at Plymouth and hopes are entertained that this also will be attencled with good results. Preparations are in progress for a class to be opened shortly at the Fitzroy Baths, Tottenham Coun Road, and other Baths in the :JIetropolis.

THE :-'[A:-ICHESTER CITY POLlCE

ha\'e an ideal club, strong in numbers, with plenty of enthusiasm, and, abo\'e all, they exist [or the object of not only acquiling the art of swimming, but of adding to it the qualification of being able to save life according to the telching of the :.\ational Society. In this they are a splendid example to others,

THE LO:\,DO:\ SCHOOLS S.A.

Council meeting and of prizes on Tuesday, 26th October, was made interesting and highly 1l11pOnant. :'11'. J. F. Freeman, the hon. sec., read a Yetl' valuable paper on ,I Swimming Bath Accommodation in London," which, when sent out by the Executive, I \"ill try to publish in these notes. It should be read and noted by everyone interested in swimming and life saving.

RE SU BSCRIPTlO:-\.

Those clubs and members who ha\'e DOt paid their subscriptions for the season are respectfully asked to assist the Executive by forwarding same to the Hon. Treasurer, S,Bayley Street. Bedford Square, London, IV.C as funds are needed to complete the work of the Society for the season.

FIRST

$t. 30ba Btllblllancc l13rigabc.

METROPOLITAN CORPS.

OF THE CITY -At noon on October I*th as Supt. 1:.. H. E"ans of the Hampstead Dl\'IslOn was along fhrbi ca n, Ci.ty, on a who was passll1g snatched at bis challl He obtall:ed posseSSIOn of the and ran off, pursued by -'Ir E,·ans. 1 he thief darted down a side street with i\1r. 1:.,·an5 in chase, when the latter was suddenly attacked by a a:lDa of rouahs, who knocked him dO\\'ll and kicked him. He was and se,'erely injured. Several passers-by then interfered and the me n made off, the thief in the meant i me having disappeared 1\ 1r. Evans was conveyed to St. H ospital, where his injuries we"e attended lo, and after a time he was allowed to proceed home.

OF CHEQf'E TO THE -' IETROPOLlTAi\' CORPS. -

On September at the of t.he Committee of I, Kamdent Kentlsh Towns I"omikalities I"nket ;\latch and othel Sports," for the purpose of distributing: cheques to local charities, the follo\\'ina occ urr ed :-The chairman said the last cheque he had the honour fo distribute would be handed to -'IT. ;\lorgan, Chief Superinte'1dent on behalf of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, :.\Ietropolitan Corps, 'w hich was doing most excellent work. He '\'as sorry the amount wa s only £5, but the committee h oped to make the donati o n larael on another occasion. i\ 1r. :'I orga n gratefully received the che"'que, and in a brief speec.h ga\'e an interesting account of the work of the Brigade, especially 111 the parks and .open spaces on Bank Holidays, and mentioned that on Jut:I1ee Day, medical officers, ambulance officers, and n ur sll1g sisters of th e Brigade had treated I , Ig2 cases, and were on duty from 6.30 a.m to 3 o'clock next mornina ha\-ina during that time no less than gIO of all ranks on duty. The which he re cei yed on behalf of the Brigade would be a areat stimulus to them in their work, which was entirely voluntary unpaid. (Applause).

IVDIBLEY AND HARLESDEN -The annual inspection of the above Di,-ision took place on Saturday, October 2nd, in the grounds of Dr. Goddard's new house. In addition to the ,Yembley and Harlesden men who numbered about twenty , there were five men from Harrow, who 'were, so to speak, recruits, they only h:l.\'ing had two or three drills. The latter brought the am bulance on to the ground. The inspecting officer was Deputy - Commissioner C o lonel BowdleI', and he was accompanied by the Assistant -Commissioner, F. D. :\[ackenzie, and Chief Superintendent W. H. i\Iorgan. Superintendent was in charae of the division, and the Hon. Surgeon (Dr. Goddard) was also in Addre ssi ng the men, at the conclusion of the inspection, Colonel Bowdler said they had the elements of being a good, smart divi sio n, and he did not see why they not be He hoped next year he would see them all agall1, and a good many more. But let them remember not to make a i'l their drills. All their work except In hurrpng- up to their patients must be done slowly and deliberately ond neatly. lIe would n ot detain them longer, as he had to look at the books On the whole he was very satisfied; he quite saw they were not so steady to day as they wo uld be at their ordinary drill. In conclusion he expressed the hope that they would increase their numbers as soon as possible. Colonel Bowdler then repai red to the drawing-room, where he said a few words to h e nurses. Speaking of the stretcher work he said he did not believe in ladies doing it. The ladies in the Crystal Palace Division did carry patients, but he did not think it was right. tie spoke from a medical point of To the. nurses, as to the men outSide, he said he hoped they would ll1crease their numbers as much as they could.

CORPS

GATESHEAD FELL.-A friendly co mpetition among the members of this division took place recently at the Gymnasium, Church Institute, L o w Fell , for four silvel medallions, given by Mrs. J. A. Harrison for the best squad of four members. Twenty-one men entered for thi s contest, but business arrangements and ill-health prevented five men attending The remaining 16 were divided into squads, officel e d as follow s :-i\o. .lst officer, Forester; .:\0 , 2 squad, second officer, the Rev. E. O. 'I diiams, B A. ; NO.3 squa d, Mr. L. Dob nson, secretary; No + squad, i\1r. Ernest ,Vilson. Dr. Stewart, of Hexham, acting as judge, assisted by i\1 r. J. Adolphus Harrison, of the cii,-ision, who acted as time keeper. Mr. V. H. DaYis, s u rgeoninstructor was also present. The exercise was to march a aiven distance with closed stretchers to a patient, supposed to be from brokcn left leg and wounded artery in right leg, place him stretcher, and remove him a certain distance, and place him on an improvised bed. After t!1e competition was concluded, Dr addressed the competitors, complimenting them on the smartness and accuracy with which the various exercises were done, and on their precise knowledge of amb u lance work, which reflected great credit on their instructor, ,\11'. Davis. ,\[ r. Harr son proposed, and Mr. Dobinson seconded, a Yote of thanks to Dr. Stewart for act ng as j u dge, and

AID. LNov e mb e r, 1897.

for his crit icisms on the men's per forma n ce, fee li ng sure t b ey would r e m e m ber wh ere thei r fa ul ts l a y as p o nted o u t by he j u dg-e. The r esult wh ic h bas u st come to h and, w as as follows -liV inn n g squad, NO 4: l\I r. E. W l son's; second, NO 3, Mr. Dob i nson s. T he p acement of the latter is lI1uch to l\lr. Dob nson's credit, as h e h as h ad to contend " 'i th difficulties in drilling and preparing his squad

Scientific (tonstablc: H 1Hew :!Departure.

\ VE have already with us th e prescribing chemist, the h erba ist, the bone setter, the" electro-cure " humbug, a n e! a host of advertising quacks but now it seems that we are to go a step further and to be ntroduced to thf' policeman, who, having- attended a course of ambua n ce lectures, aives evidence instead of the surgeon, thereby saving the latter's fee at the same time glorifying- himself. In read ng the account of an inquest held at Halton, near Lancaster, we notice that after a police con s table had given e\·idence as to the fin.ding of the body a sergeant put. into the not to. c?IToborate hIS colleague, but to describe the 1l1Junes and to gl\Te <In opll1lOn as ( 0 the manner 111 which one of them had been c;:tused He said" 'When I got it out I fo und that the neck was dislo cated, n.nd n. large wound on the left side of the ne ck through the mouth, and out at the right cheek. Th e carotid artery wa s scyered, the left n.rm wn. s fm c t u red and four of h is left ribs wh ist the bottom lip was torn :lW:lY The carotid artery a'ppeared to have been pierced hy a piece of timber, the wound bein a contused." What are we to think of this? In the fir s place, h oI\' is this man competent to say that the neck wa s di s located ( a very rare accident , we may remark) ? Again, not heing an anatomist, how can he decide that the carotid artery W1.S wo unded, and above all, how in he name of all that IS wonderful can he swear that four rib s have been broken? It is a notorious fact that fracture of a rib may be most difficult of diagnosis but here where expert s often hesit:lte, we have a policeman g-libly dogmatising But even worse follows. bell:g content with sptaking to facts, he proceeds out of the fulness 01 hiS experience to give tile opinion that the wound of the artery was caused by a piece of timber because the wound was contused. It really be laughable i f it were not such a serious l11;:tlter. \ \'ould:l blacksmith or a road-mender be allowed to give evidence upon an abstruse question in eilg-ineering? We think not. 1\nd yet is a fairly parallel case. - Lancet.

!Drill

VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE SCIIOOL OF PJesidmt :-i\1AJOR ANDREW i\IACL t.: RE, V.D., late L.S.R V. :.\ fonday, I\ovem be r 1st fractures and dislocations and their treatm en t; Saturday, N o vember 6th, wounds and h ::cmo rrhage, the fir st field dressing. Parade in drill order at 4.30 p. m.-Surgeon-Major \ '.

Culver James, ;\f.D., the Honourable Artillery Company; Monday , _Tovember 8th, the causes and treatment of l\1onday, :\" o "ember 15th, poisons a nd their treatm e nt-Surgeon-Lieutenant Eddowes, :'1.D., 2+th :'liddlesex, R.\'.; Monday, I\O\'ember 22nd, th e transport of \\'ounded .- Surge on -Lieuten ant J. C;tntlie, :'\I.B., London Scottish. R. '.; i\1onday, l\ovember29th paradeforgenerallnstructI on In he application of spl ints and bandages.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY BY

The Ocean Acckient &Guarantee Corporation,

LIMITED 40, 42 , & 44 MOORGATE S T REET LONDON, F O to \"hom Kotiee of Claims, undet· the followi nl!; condit iOlls, lllU:;t be bellt • within s(! \'c n days of accident to the abo\'c address.)

£100

will be paid by the:' abo ,'e Corporal iO Il to t hI' legal it! ive of al:-yone wlio is killed by an aeeillcnt to the l'asscLlgcr 'rralll (WIthin the UUlled KIUgdolll 01' Chmlllcli s lands), ill which h e d eceased was a ti 'ket heftl'illg 01' paying passenger, or who sl1all luwe JeP.n fatally iujul'ecl tllereLJy (shou lll tleRth result within ninet\' clays after sLlch accHlent)

PROVIDED tIiat the pcroon so killed 01' ill.iul'!.'d had upon his 01' her pel'son, 01' hadlert at ilOlllC this til'ket, ,\ itll his, 01' 111:'1', llsllal signature, wl'itt.en prior to the accident, Oil tIle space provided helo,," , \\ hieil, toget lH'r w ith the giving of notice within the tilile as hereinuefore mentionell. is the eS.I'IH'C or t h is cont H('t TIJis insurance holds

The Trade w ll be suppl ed by Mr F. BRETT, 5, P i lgrim Street Lud ga t e H ill TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTIOK.

OR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the

$econri s te

TRAl\"SPORT OF WOC'-!DED L'\ TDIE OF W.\R..

armlet worn by the Secouristes is a happy idea, as the blue and red colours are those of the City of Paris, and the cross beinO" in white metal shows a distinction het \\'ee n the C iyil Ambulance and 1\1 ilitanSen-ire. forming at the same time the tri-colour of the .:\ati onal Flaa.)

FrRST -AIDERS in England are always 'p leased to learn of tbe work of their COmrades in other countries, we have therefore much pl easure in publishing' the following article ,,,hi c h has been kindly translated for us by Su pL. Poncerot of the Intelligence Department, St. John Ambulan ce Brigade. British and French firemen ha\-e long been comrades in arms, vying only in their special efforts to rival each other in c o mbating that u sef ul, yet at till1es t errible sen'ant of man, "Fire." In the same way we Icel certain th:\t the time is n ot £:11 distant when first·aiders of all countries \\"ill also have their internation:d gatherings;:tnd when they" ill fraterni se together and work in conjunction \\ith the one "iew of making the gr:1nd motto of the knights of old -jJro utilI/ate h0ll1illlllll-50mething more than a mere formula of E,'er since it s foundat ion, about four years ago, the Society of the Secouristes h:1s been in the habit of carrying- O'H a series of manreUHes in ·the open cO llnt ry, of U:111SP0rl alld aid to the \\ lJullded in the lime of } -!J .: j'

we come to the rendez\'ous where alltbe -ecollristes are assembled \I e e\'er\' officer of the sections ma8S their o\\'n men :1nd march Ihem to a p'ile of sacks, ,ents and stretcher;:.

,,'1

T hese ambubnce yolunteers be long to all classes of Parisi 1 n society. The humb e workman and the yOllng man of \\ealth mee t oget her and fraternise, the difference of social po s ition disappearing in the great work the usefulness of which is undeniable. \11 obey that sentiment which w e cannot praise too much, \'iz. the love of doing good and of re lieving human suffering

On the 27th of June last the trains starting from Paris were thronged w h many wear ng on the left arm tl:e" brassard" of v z., a w ide blue and red arml:t With the Gene \'11. Cross, but III w h ite metal. ( I t may be mentioned here that the colours of the

The General Senetary, :'\L le Baron de Friedberg, ga\'e a. signal by blo\\ ina' a I\"hi stle and immeLii ;ltcl y the men started ercctll1g the one of the Pn,:s ident, :\[1'. Funck Brentano, on which

floated the flag of the Secouristes The l\[ontma.rtre Section was the first to score for quickness, and words of approbation were appropriately addressed to them hy the general secretary, who accurately criticised the movements executed.

The preparing of the stretchers, which was done in about one minute, took the next place on the list. Then the transport of wounded in time of war in any sort of \'ehicle which could be requisitioned, should the regular ambulance wagons be all loaded.

Members acting as patients were placed on the stretchers and were carried to a cart on which they were received by two other Secouristes who slung them to the inner side of the vehicle - all this being done at the 'word of command. According to the injury recei ved, the patient was directed by the section officer to be placed on tbe floor of the cart or above it. Then came the following interesting manccU\'res: -Cards on which were written supposed injuries were distributed to a number of members, acting as patients, with the order to lie about in the "wood These were soon discovered, treated, and brought hack by the ambulance men, and a jury composed of medical lecturers and examiners of the society, examined carefully the rreltment and application of bandaging, &c. The.\" ursing Sisters scored remarkably on these points, and the jury praised most highly all the compelitors, while the President stated bow satisfied he was to notice the real made by the Secouristes since their meeting of last year. \Vlth thesc remarks, the manccuvres were brought to a close, and officers and members then enjoyed a hearty" dejeuner" coupled with a well earned rest.

}poisoning. (

COJltinued.)

BY CHlRURGUS.

To the Readers of {, First Aid."

T re atme n t a n d R e m e dies .-In considering the treatment of cases of poisoning by first-aiders, I would ask you to bear in mind the foll:Jwing rules:-

Ist .-Clear the poison out of the hody by co-using vomitin a (if advisable), and (or) - ::.

2?d. - Counteract the effects of the poison by giving antidotes or slmliar substances.

In dealing with these cases it is necessary to remember that it is your dl!ty to obtain meJical assistance as soon as possible, therefore send a message to the nearest doctor "ilh i nforl11 ation as to the nature of the case so that he may bring a stomach pump and any druO's that he may think necessary. '"

examined patient and made up your mind as to what the pOlson IS, you then deCIde as to your treatment and this will mean is an to be gi\'en or not? and if not, why?' ,

You WIll observe that there is one set of poisons the action of which dIffers from all .others, where an must not be gi ven, and these are the strong aCIds and caustIC alkahes, the reason of this beinO' to aVOId. the ,Powerful burning liquid passing o\'er the tissues

Practically In all other poisons the first thing to do is to administer an emetIc.

The remedies that you as .first -aiders are to give are found in e\'ery hOl!se and can be procured ImmedIately, but it may happen that sllch as LIme water, Epsom Salts, or Sulphate of Zinc, ha \'e to be obtal11ed. from the .chet;Jist. Always remember that as a rule the best remedy IS that whIch IS to hand, it beinO' better to O'ive somethinO' directly even if it is not quite the right than to and mere!"'y look on.

poisoning by the strong acids, IIydrochloric and your course of. treatment is identical in each, viz., not to gi\'e an emetIC, but to neutralise the effects of the druO' which i5 burninO' its way thro,ugh tIssues. F?r purpose an alk:,li is to be given,"'and the best IS l\Iagnesla mixed With the only objection being that :y:ou probably have to send to a chemIst for it. Failing that you can .glve LIme \\:ater 111 large quantities, and if not in the house, you can :n ake It very hy s.crapll1g som.e plaster wall, reducing it Il1to a placl?R It I?to large Jug and mIxIng it well with water and makll1g the patient dnnk It The next best thing is Soap dissolved 111 warm water also to be gIven 111 large quantities. The reason that these three are the best remedies is that the alkali contained in rhem is a carbonate and therefore dues not effervesce with the acid already 111 the. stomach. The other alkahesyou can give are Chalk WhitinoWashIng Soda and Bicarbonate of Soda, but as these are carbonates they must be. given in small quantities at a time in a large of :vater, otherWIse the stomach wIll become so distended with carbo.mc aCId that there will be great danger of rupture. After a s.uffic ent quantIty of.the.alkali has been given and the patient seems likely t? rec?ver (whIch IS very doubtful if he has taken an ounce or two), Dl I,.whlte of egg, milk and gruel should be administered; or they can be between the doses of the alkali.

Carbohc :Ac i d - This deserves special mention on acco u nt of the somewhat dIfferent treatment, and also on account of t h e frequ e ncy

A ID. [De ce mber, 1897

with which it is taken either by accident or by design. T he a n tidote to this drug is any soluble sulphate, and the one most e as il y obta in ed is Sulphate of Magnesia or Epsom Salts, a couple of tablespoonfuls should be given immediately in water, but it may not be handy therefore you want something else to fly to and that is found n Olive Oil gi ven freely, it allays the pain and renders the acid much less dangerous 1\n emetic of Sulphate of Zinc should also be given, and if the stomach is emptied, white of egg and more oil can be continued O xalic Acid.-T n poisoning by this drug the best remedies are chalk, whiting or ii::le in water, on account of their forming insol u ble compounds with the acid. Bicarbonate of Soda or Potash mu st not be given as these oxalates are just as poisonous as the acid itself. Death occurs very soon if a good dose has been taken. Tn ap p eara n ce i t is ve ry like Epsom Salts, and is sometimes taken for it in mistak e. P russi c Ac id.- This kills very quickly and there is not usually sufficient time to do anything. If possible apply stro ng a m monia smell i ng salts to the nose, and give an emetic. Artificia l re sp iration can also be employed. If there are signs of recovery g ive ple n ty of brandy C a ust ic A lka l ies.-Poisoning by these are uncommo n. No e metic is required. An acid of some kind must be given, such as vi negar in plenty of warm water, or lemon juice, follo\\'ed by oil, milk, or while of egg, &r:.. Opi u m, Laudan u m, Chlora l Chl o rofo rm ( s w allow e d ).-The well known course of treatment in these cases is to make the patient vomit by an emetic or otherwise, give black coffee at frequent intervals, and keep him awake, by walking him up and down a corridor or othcr means. As opium comes next after carbolic acid in the number cf deaths that it causes, we may with advantage call sider these remedies a little more closely. The first th ing to be done is to evacuate the stomach which is u5ually done by giving an emetic, a m03t simple proceeding, but there >are difficulties. If the patient is stupidly drunk or wishes to commit suicide, you will most probably fail in getting him to s\\'a110 '" anything. A doctor can by injecting a certain drug beneath the skin make him sick in a minute or t\l'O, but in his absence you must do the best you can by trying to open his mouth and push your fi n ger down his throat. [ore\'en the efforts he makes to resist vou will be beneficial. A piece of wood between the teeth may preventiour being bitten. If he is insensible, it will be useless attempt it as he may have lost the p:lI\er of swallowing. After tbe stomach is emptied, you must then give strong coffee, fJr the tannin it contains forms an insoluble compound with the opium, and it also acts as a stimulant. !fa moderately large dose has been taken you will experience great difficulty in keeping him awake. Two, three or more assistants are necessary to walk him about, flick him with a wet towel, and use such other strong measures as may be deemed advisaHe. If the patient's condition becomes worse and the breathing slow and laboured and you are still acting on your own responsihility, you will be justified in resorting to artificial respira. tion, which will have to be kept up for Ihours, but probably by that time the case will be in the hands of a medical man. Individuals differ as to their susceptibility to the influence of opium; one or two tablespoonfuls as a rule will cause serious effects, but some people can take much more without ill consequences.

Alcohol with which may be coupled Ether. The treatment of this is well-known, viz., an emetic and keep the patient warm.

A rsenic.-The vomiting must be encouraged by giving an emetic of Sulphate of Zinc (30 grains to an ounce of \-vater) or some salt and water, then afterwards oi I and lime "water and keep the patient warm.

M er c ury.-This is usually taken in the form of Corrosive Sublimate (Perchloride of r-.1ercury). It has a strong local action and immediate steps are necessary. Alhumen (white of egg) forms an insoluable compound with the drug, therefore beat up in a little water the whites of two or more eggs, and give quickly, failing this flour made i nto a thin paste with water is an excellent substitute. Afterwards a simple emetic of mustard and water.

P h os ph o rus.-I\cute poisoning by this drug is very seldom seen. The best of treating it is supposed to be to give an emetic, followed by a tablespoonful of Epsom Salts. then Oil of T urpenti n e in small doses. Phosphorus is contained in phosphorus paste, a n d rat poison, and used for killing vermin.

B elladonna -Cases of poisoning from this are rare, and may occur by taking some kind of liniment of which this drug forms pal t. A mustard emetic followed by a dose of Castor Oil, should be given, and animal charcoal is also recommended.

Strychnine.-In a case of this kind the stomach must be emptied as soon as possible by means of an emetic of Sulphate of Zinc or mustard. A first-aider can do very little , but if in the interva ls of spasms he sees signs of impending svffocalion, he would be j u stified in resorting to artificial respiration. A good deal can be do n e by the administration of drugs to lessen the effects of the poison, but I do not think that you would be considered capable (at least by t he p u bl ic) of handling dangerous must be left to the medica l man

In a ll o ther cases o f Po is on ng , such as those caused by any metallic salt, or the administration of wrung medicine, loti ons of liniments , or drug of any kind the nature of which you m ay no t be certain, the best thing you can do is to encourage vomiti n g by means

December, 1897. J FIRST AID 239

of a n emet ic, and then give some dcmulcent drink such as some of those I have m en tioned.

Emetic - T h ere are many methods of making a person sick, and it is necessary that you should be acquainted with some of them. Tickling the throat with a feuher, putting your own or his finger down his throat, that is, i f he i, willing, should be remembered as handy methods. The re are also many substances in common use which will have the des ir ed effect, such as warm \o"ater, two tablespoonfuls of salt in haifa-p in t of warm water, one tablespoonful of mustard in half-a-pint of warm water, 30 grains of Sulphate of Zinc in half-a-tumbler of warm water. Do not give more than one dose of Sulphate of Zinc - you can give mo re of the others

Shock. -O n e of the results of ma n y of these poisons is the state of shock or collapse to which the patient is reduced on recovery T his

must be attended to by keeping him warm, and if able to swallow, and if it be deemed advisable by giving stimulants in the shape of tea, coffee, wine or hrandy with water.

Poisons Usually Taken.-Judging from the returns of the Registrar General of the deaths causec: by poisons, I find that Opium, Carbolic Acid and Oxalic Acid, in the order named, are those commonly uscd. Of course this does not include recoveries of which it is not possible to obtain a record. People intending to commit suicide seem to prefer Carbolic Acid, because, [ suppose, it is easily acquired. Poisoning by a strong Mineral acid usually pro:luces a fatal result, and Prussic Acid is almost always fatal.

Below give you in a condensed and tabular form the symptoms and of the common poisons, and I venture to think that yon will find it useful if you cut it out and paste it in your text book or note book

SYMPTO;\[S. OF POISO:-l.

INSENSIBILITY with dilated pupils

Al c o ho l

l!..the r

and smell in breath C hlo r oform (swallowed) with contracted pupils

O p i um 1, with contrar.ted pupils during sleep and nh l ora l \ dilated when aw:tke I

coming on immediately, followed by P r ussic Acid or convulsions, difficulty in breathing, Cyanide of Potassiu m eyes fixed and g-listening, limbs flaccid, cold skin, smell of bitter almonds in the breath.

VOMITING with intense burning pain in throat, gullet and chest-vomited matter consists of food and altered blood, brown in colour, are;tt difficulty in speaking and lips and mouth covered with a slough like a co:tt of white paint.

Like a coat of yellow paint I

As above, with smell of drug in mouth and vomited matter.

A strong ;\Iineral Acia such as I Ac i d or" S u l ph u riC

A ci d or I

N it r ic Acid )

C arbolic Acid

Emetic and \Yarmth.

TREAD·1ENT

Emetic of mustard or zinc, then strong coffee, keep patient awake by walking up and down in cool passage and flicking with wet towel-later, artificial respiratiop.

.\pply strong smelling salts (ammonia) to the noseEmetic of sulph:tte of zinc or mustard-Stimulants.

x 0 emetic-large J raughts of warm water calcined magnesia or limc water, plaster of wall pounded up and m:xed with \\' Iter or soap and warm water or chalk, whiting, \Y1,hing soda mixed with water and given in small qmntities, then white of egg, oil, milk, gruel.

Two tablespoonfuls of sulphate of magnesia in warer then emetic, and plenty of oliye oil followed by white of egg.

GiYe chalk, lime, or whiting mixed with waler - a\'oid soda, potash, and ammonia salts.

Corro s ive Su blima t e (P e r chloride of Mercury).

with abdominal pain and exce sive languor Oxalic A cid or Salts of L emon ro Sorrel with profuse purging, and other symptoms same as poisoning by acid with violent purging, and other symptoms as in acid poisoning.

with pain in abdomen, vomited matter, luminous in the dark.

with purging, cramps in calves of legs, abdomen te n der-symptoms appear about half hour after taking drug.

OONVULSIONS-Attacks last about a minute, body strongly arc hed backwards or forwards, difficulty in breathing. After a varying interval attack is renewed - as case becomes worse attacks become more severe

C austic Alkalies (Soda, Po tas h , A m m onia)

P hosph orus

Ar senic S t r yc h n in e

A ll ot h e r P oison s n a tur e unkn ow n

"'hite of egg mixed with water, or flOUl' and water, then emetic of mustard and water.

Xo emetic- plenty of \\'arm water, then yineg-ar and water, lemon juice and water, followed by of egg, milk, gruel, and oil.

Emetic-Then half ounce of Epsom salts in water followed by small doses of oil of turpentine

Encourage "omiting by sulphate of zinc em.etic, or and water, then give oil and eggs, or 011 and hme water.

An emetic ot sulphate of zinc or mustard as soon as possible, get medical aid s.peed. If danger of suffocation, use artlhcml respIratIOn.

Give emetic, and then demulcent drinks as milk, gruel, white or eggs &c.

An Em e ti c s made by m ix ing one tab lespoonful of mustard in half pint of warm water or two tablespoonfuls of salt in half pint of warm water, or thirty grains of su lphate o f zinc in half tumblerful of "vater.

FIRSI!' FIRST AID.

DECEJIBER 1, 1897.

The occurrence of one of the greatest fires we THE haye had in our city in recent years, the GREAT number of buildings and the immense amount J<JRE. of property th 3t has been destroyed, haye raised the question as to whether we haye the best appliances "wit h which to cope with this dread force. Tho se who saw in the Fire Brigade Tournament at the Acrricultural Hall last year the yarious apparatus brought oOver from Canada and America are likely to feel some doubt in the matter, but as it is a subject that must be settled by experts and the London Coumy Council lYe do not feel justified in discussing it. The person.a l bravery of the officers and men of the FIre Bngade IS, however, unque st i oned, and we do not think that there is to be found in the whole world a better set of men with a proper sense of their dutie s

It is satisfactory to note that no li\-es were lost and that no one was eyen seriously injured, although many of the "'ork people were in great danger, and were only able to escape by climbing oyer the roofs of the adjacent houses. A conflagration of this magnitude once more brings to our notice the need , nay the absolute necessity, there exists for a n Ambulance Service for London. If a catastrophe should occur in this city similar to that in Paris in May last, where 1 I 7 persons fell yictims, including oyer 50 injured, it is not pleasant to think of the mal1l;ter in which our police or other authorities would deal \vlth it. On account of there being no proper ambulance arrangements for tbe conyeyance of the inj ured to the hospital, cabs and other un suitab le yehicles would be requisitioned for tbeir transport. l\I'oreoyer, the efforts of resuscitation for those suffocated and the lifting and carrying of the injured would not be carried out in what may be called an up-to-date manner.

If an Ambulance Service were in operation, it is worth while for one moment to glance at the benefits we should derive from it if su c h a serious calamity ,vere to happ en The alarm would be giYen, and in a few minutes the ambulance wagons would be in eyidencE. on the scene. Trained assi stant s would be in attendance thorougbly capable of performing artificial respiration and of applying first aid remedies and of carrying the injured in an approved manner. The sufferers would be conveyed to the hospital in wagons or litters without aggravating the original injuries. Everything would be done in order, under the control of an officer who would understand his work and would do it. Surely the saving of human life and the prevention of suffering is worth paying for by the public just as much as the Fire Brigade Service. Is it not possible for some person of influence to bring this matter forward and to pre ss it on the attention of the Goyernment? Is property, in other words, brick s and mortar, furniture anl! goocis, alway s to be tbougbt of more yalue than life and the allayiIJg of pain <:lud suffering? \Ve hayc bdore allli \IT againHow long s hall London wait?

WI NSI·-O.:])-\\'e ha\'e receil 'ed from SupelinLendent TJe athcote particulars of 8 accidenLs in whi ch members of the clivision II ere able to render valuable and Lim e ly assistance lY e regret. the pre .:;s ure on our spac.e prevents LIS Lhem in delail. Dr, \V oodya lL has re cel\'e d fr o m headquarLers at St.John' s Gale, Clerkenwell, Lh e :L[JPointment B:ll1. Surgeon of this Divi sion, and on the roth Xovember he ga\'e hI S hr sL monthly lecture which was well allended and also thoroughly appre ciated by Lhe members

A I D . LDecem ber , <tol oni al t lln bul anc e.

CAPE TowN.-The annual Meeting of this Centre was held on Thursday, 28th Octooer, in the Y ..M.C.A. Hall. Amongst those present were Lieut.-Genera l Goodenough, K.C.B. (in the chair), Dr. Marius Wilson, Messrs. J. L. ;\1. B, own, .:'ILL.A., J. C Molteno, M.L A., E. J. Earp, anJ the Rev. A. P. Bender (Secretary). The Secretary read the annual report, a nd ,stated the satisfactory progress made. The year had been re ndered memorable by the 'presentation of illuminated testimonials [rom the Centrtd Councd to Professor Liebmann, and other members of the Centre for services rendered by them in tbe encounter at Doornkop. The Centre had sustained :t sel-ere lo ss by the retirement of Professor Liebmann from tbe post cf honorary secretary gcnend. ;\ r. A. J. Fuller, h o n ora ry treasurer had been obliged by continued indi spo sition to tender his resignation. Reports to hn.nd showed that the S.A.R. centre was in a flourishing condition and similar reports had been received from the Kimberley East London and Oueenstown sections. The work in Cape Ira s progressing favoG'mbly. On tbe motion of Mr. J. L. :\1. Brown, Tl1.L.A., seconded by E. J. Earp. Esq the report was adopted. Certificates were then di s tributed to the successful candidates by the Chairman, \\"bo, in a few remarks, said that he hoped that those success[ul would n OL rest until th ey had passed the tbird examination. The retiring committee was the n re-elected. Mr. E. J Earp being ele cted treasu:-er in place of '\I r J. A. Fuller, re signed. The letter from Mr. J. 1. 'Yardle re the Formation of a Brigade, was left over for the consideration of the Central Council. The usual vote of thanks was then passed to the officers and chairman, after which the meeting terminated.

FIRST AID AFRICA.-\VAITING FOR THE POLICE-The

Capt! A rgu s and Cape TI11lescontain :i.ccounts of the commendable conduct of P. C. 1O.j., Toseph 1. Wardle, oftbe Cape TOlVn Police F o rce. A man named Otto Prager, hanged himself, and P. C. Wardle being summoned, cut him down and used meansof artificial respiration and so far brought tne man round that he was sent to the hospit a l, where however, he subsequently died. Had he bee n cut dOlVn by the person who first discovered him, his life would have been saved. The Landlord, who first S,l\I' him, on being questioned by the co roner, said he thought th e police bad to be called first. At the inquest,. Dr. :'Ilannik us and .i\ fagistrate warmly complimented P. C. \Varale, for the manner Il1 which he had worked to sa\e the man, and requested that he be recommended to t}Je Chief of Police for presence of mind displayed and the intelligent manner in whicb he dealt with the case. The constable has also been privately interviewed by the "Chief," and promised that he would be remel111'ered at tbe proper t im e. P. C. \Vardle is the second son of Color-Sergeant Wardle (Keswick), and up to the time of his emigrating was second officer and one of the m ost zealous members of the Keswick Corps of the St. John A.m buiance Brigade.

IDolunteer Bnlbulance Scbool of 3nstruction.

The followinG" Officers who have been un der instruc::ion from the staff of the School have recently passed the proficiency examination conducted by the Army '\ledical Staff, thereby earning the higher grant for their corps and. becoming. entitled to promotion after completing the necessary pen od of servIce.

COLONIAL FO RCES : -Bde.-Surg. LieUt.-Col. H. A. De Lautour, V.D., New Zealand Defence Forces; Surg.-Capt. F. A. Foy, M.B., 1st Bombay Rifles.

VOLCNTEERS :-Surg.-:.\1ajor R. Grant, M.A., 2nd V.B. the Black Wat ch; Surg.-Capt. T. C. Bailey, 2nd Cheshire R.E.V. ; Surg.Capt. F. C R.ogers, 4th V.B. Cheshire R. ; Surg.-Lieut. M. A. Cooke, 2nd V.R. Gl ouceste r R.; Surg.-Lieut. J. Robinson, 1st V.B. Worceste!' R. Surg.-Lieut M. Richards, N. London Vol. Brigade Bearer Company; Surg-.,Lieut. W. H. Forsbrooke, M.D., 1st V.B. Royal Fusiliers; Surg.-Lieut. H. Allport, 1st Cityof Lond. Vol. Art. Surg.Lieut. R A. J obnsto n, 1st V.B. Derbyshire Regt.; Surg.-Lieut. C. Rigby, 1st \ '. B. the L oyal N. Lanc. R.; Surg.-LieuL J. W Jes sop 1st V.B. Line R.; Surg.-Lieut. A. Whitton, M.B., 6th V.B. the GlJl"llnn Hi ghlanders; Surg-Lieut. R. B SidebotLOm, 4th V.B. Cheshire R. Surg.-Lieut. F.ILThompson, lsi V.B. Shropshire L.I.; Surg.-Lieui. T. 1\. Sellar, 1\1. J)., 6th V. B. th e Gordon II ighlanders ; Surg.-Lieut. J. Kyff111, 1sL Ibnts R.E.V.; Surg. Li e u!.. F. A. Brooks, :'Il.D., 1st Essex Vol. \rl.; SLIIg.-Li eut. T. C. Ticehurst, yd D.C.O. V.13. llamps. R.; Surg.-Lielll. A. H. 'emon, F.R.C.S., .j.th V.B. JJ amps. I{.; SUlg.-Lieul. V J. Bbke , .i\[.B., 5th V.13. lJamps. R.; Surg.-LieuL D Smart, ;\1. 13., :l nd v n. the King' s Liverpo o R; Surg.Licnt. ll. LJi ck ie, i\I.D., [st \'.1-3. NUlthLlI11i>edallJ Fu si li e r s Surg., Li e llt. 11. Legh d e Legh, 1st \'.13. P.\Y.O \olko Surg.-Licut. ,V.

Decemb er, 1897.J FIRST AID. 241 ]Dortrait

S

UPERINTENDENT SECRETARY KRAUSE,

HULL CORPS, ST JOHN Al\lBULANCE BRIGADE.

E are p l eased this mon t h to place in our Gallery t h e portrai t of an officer of a Provincial Town Hull, where ambulance work of late years has made great strides, and one whose energy and zeal are we ll known Mr. Emil Frederick Krause (who pronounces his surname as though spelt Krau-z a was born in Berlin and educated at the" Grane Kloster" and the Royal Academy, and subsequently "\"as apprenticed to a mercantile firm. When 19 yeCirs of age he joined the Kaiser Alexander Guard du Oorp as a Yolunteer, and about this time was an expert gymnast. Soon afterwards hostilities broke out between France and Germany, and he took an active part in the war which followed in the years 1870-7 I, being present at the battles of St. Pri\-at Beaumont and Sedan, and was four months besieging Paris, being one of the soldiers privileged to enter the city. After the war he returned to business, but about 20 years ago he came to London and for a few years represented a commercial firm there, remoying to Hull in 1885, where he has since been engaged in one of the largest colour works in the kingdom.

He has long laboured for the Hull Royal Infirmary, and hIS services as the Secretary ofthe Sick and Accident C lub formed by his employers have lately been acknowle d ged in a very pleasing manner He has also for many years been a prominent member of various friendly societies, and has this year been el ected, for the fourt h time, District Grand Master of the Kingston Independent Order of Druids

Obtaining a certificate in first aid in 1889, Mr. Krause's enthusiasm for ambulance work was soon noticed, and the following year he was elected a member of the Exec u tive Committee of the Hull Centre. In 1893 he was appointed Hon. Secretary of the Hull Corps, and he has borne the greater part of t h e work of reorganising the Co rp s in accordance with new regulations, and its increased membership, improved effic iency, a n d equipmen t are l argely due to his devotion.

T he r eso l utions he proposed at the London and Leicester Conference show that his ideas upon ambu l ance work are quite u p to date, if nol in of the times and he wou ld be an adll11rable champion of the ca u se' bad he earlier mastered the difficu lties of our lang u age

I n all his cllc.1eJ.vours h e is great l y aSSIsted by h IS w l fe, the Lady Inspector of MateriJ. ls of the Nursing D ivis ion . Thei r residence is all open h ouse for amb u b.nce and l arge numbeJ's or pupils appe:lr n aturJ.lly to fit:d t i: ellvlay t h it h er for a few practical hints before the eXam ll1 atlO11.

WA ha rd worker himself, he is impatient of another's d el ay, and exacts the strictest observance of recrulations but friction i.s avoided by h is general popularity, and all who k now hIm regard him as a worthy, active, and inv alu a ble officer.

:fBo"ril .

By a Gene/ al !vfedt"cal Practition e r.

I have often been struck on going- into the houses of the poor, by seeing the hold that Bovril has succeeded in obtaining over the humbler classes. Many and many a time have J seen on entering a sick room a small bottle of this meat juice on tbe table. A child has bee n taken ill a day or two before, and be has got so much worse so that medical advice is sought, and o ften the first remark is, " Poor little Tommy has been so ill, and could'nt eat anything, so I gave him some Bovril, have done right?"

"You coul d not have done better," I reply, " it is no good attempting to force solid food into a stomach that cannot retain it." vVithout entering into a discussion as to the analysis of Bovril, or as to how it was made, it seems prettyeddent to me that an article of diet like this whi ch is used in so many hou seholds must have proved itself to be of great use. It is and has been greatly ad vertised, but notwithstanding that fact, I am of opinion that no article could acquire such popular favour unless it stood up o n its own merits.

It is undoubtedly advisable for every house t') keep in stock a bottle of Bovril, as it has shown itself to be one of the ,I first aid" remedies in sickness, which we all to be prepared to fight on the first onset.

10rill ®rbe rs .

VOLUNTEER SCHOOL OF P"eszdent :-MAJOR ANDREW ':'IACL URE, V.D., late L.S.R.V.

1I10nday, December 6tb, Prize Competition. Parade in Drill Order at 7.30 p.m.

The prizes will be distributed at St. :\[artin's T own Hall, ChaTing Cross, at 8.30 p.m., on Thur sday, De ce m ber 9th, by i\lajor -General H. Trotter , commanding the Home ;\londay, Decem ber 13th, Official Inspection and Examination. Parade in Drill Order at 7.30 p.m.

(By Order) H. F. STOKES, Surge on - ':'l ajor, London Rifle Brigade, Senior :'IIedica l Officer Instru ctor, ST AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

LECTURES FOR 189 8. -January, On the nervous" System," by Dr. Woods. February," Ventilation," by Dr. Yolland. :'I1 arch," Adulteration" of various foods, by Dr. Hargreaves. April," Our Invincible Foes and How we Fight Them," by Dr. Pochin. ':'lay, " Inflammation," by Dr. Bremner. June," Insensibility," by Dr, Goddard. July, "Injuries to the Jaws and Teeth, " by Dr. Round. August and Sep' tember, no lectures. O ct ober," Real and Pre te nded Unconsciousness with Treatment, " by Dr, Brunton. November, "Reminiscences of 1877 -79; a Lesson in First Aid," by Dr. A. S. Eccles. December " The Order of Christ of Portugal compared with the Order of St, Jo h n of Jerusalem," by Dr. Ma itland Coffin.

St. 30bn Bnlbulanc e Bssoci ation .

LEEDs.-Exactly 200 members of the Lep.ds Police Force assembled in the Civil Court of the Town tIall to receive from the Lord Mayor of the City (Sir James Kitson, Bart., M.P.) gained by i.n connection with the St. John Ambulance ASSOCIation. The subject IS one that has had increasing attention paid to it during the past two years by the Leeds force. At commencement of 1895 there were only a few members of the force bolding certificates; last year the pU?1ber was increased to 133, while at the present time the mer:nbe;shlp 15.308 of a total strength of +8.j., and 108 more are undergOIng Il1structlOn WIth the object of becoming similarly qualified. The Lord ;\f:.tyor, addressl.ng the men alluded in hiG"h terms to the services rendered to the commul1lty by the p'olice force. He took the opportunity of thank in&" force for the admirable arrangements made on the day of the JubIlee 111 Leeds. fIe had heard many people 'who had seen both London and Leeds say that although the London procession was a rel11a.rkable yet Leeds, w ithou t all the military organisalion and preparatIOn pOSSible Il1 had been able to show a procession which was more than two mIles I!l length, and witnessed by more than 200,000 tbe I:oute passed, without a single disturbance or any Il1con,:"el1lence bell1g e:-perienced. He congratulated the force .on the they made 1l1 t h eir spar e time to become able to receive such certificates as he \\as about to present to them. A purse of gold was presented to Mr. Heald, instructing surgeon, by the Lord Mayor, on b6half of the men. The certificates were afterwards presented.

P. Peake, 1st V.R. Lei ces ter R. Surg.-Uapl. R. R. Slcman, \rti sls' R.V., ha s obtained a ce rtifi ca te of proficiency, with s pecild mention, ai 'LI1 e. -a mination conducted by a Board of f\rmy Medical Offi c(;rs at Ailicrsho!..

'1l'ife $n"f n'g $ocict\2.

wn-U;-ERS OF THE NATIO?\TAL LIFE SAVING - CO:\fPETITION. LONDOX AND INDIA DOCKS S\.vIlIfMTNG CLUB.

The photograph below of the London and Indi a Docks SWImming Club appears in the" Sketch" of November 2+th, and it is here reproduced by the kind permission of the proprietors of that well known illustrated paper. It shows at a glance the n\'e members who have made their club famousin this useful knowledge,having won the atior:al Shield

THE SCOTTISH BRANCII.

.'\. SUCCESSFUL GATHERING.

Under the auspices :o[ the Scottish Branch, which. was initiated by :rIr. William Wilson, a highly successful senes were held at Glasgow on Tuesday, November 9th, the occasIOn of the

December, 1897.J FIRST

Bull, London A. Johnstone, Aberdeen W. McGregor, Dundee J ames Lochee }ames Blissland, Perth A. B. Hunter, President Scotttsh Amateur Swimming A ssoc iati on, Edinburgh G. Hamilton., ; Langston, Dunfermline; R. Scott, Jamestown Ballte SmIth, William Wilson, Life Goyernor of the Society, F Archer, PreSIdent of the S cottish Branch, W. H. Williamson, A. Miller, W. Ruddock, A. G ourlay, H, Wilson, and \V. Rankin, Glasgow Members of the London and India Docks, and Coventry In stitute Teams,). Scouller , H.on. Sec., and others. Mr. F. Archer, occupied the. chaIr, and gave a hearty welcome to all, and said that the distance whIch most of had travelled to be present at the conference showed the deep 1I1terest they all took in this humane work. It was a great pleasure to him to preside over s u ch a m eet ing of experts on the best means of furthenng the hi gher ai m s of our noble art, and expressed a hope that the time is not far distant when instruction in swimming and life-saving would be imparted to every c hild in all our schools. Mr. Henry,. add:essing the meeting, congratulated the Branch on the ausplClOUS circumstances under which it had been formed, and gave interesting details of the work which was beina carried out in England, Ireland, Australia, India, New Zealand, Cana.da, and Cape Colony. Mr. Wilson followed, and advocated the appoIntment of a se c.retar y in each district of Scotland to organize cl asses, han" and generally to promote the objects of the SOCIety, by bel!1g In touch WIth schools clubs and kindred institutions in th.e district. 1\1 r. Sinclair it' was a matter ot the utmost Importan ce that every bath attendant should be acquainted with the methods the society seeks to promote, and that. an endeavoar ShOUld be made to reach them, he also gave detads of the progress of the work all O\'er the world, One of the best .speeches was that 1\1r. A B Hunter, the president of the ScottIsh Amateur S"llmm1l1g ,Asso.clatIOn, whose ardent advocacy of the cause was a source of gratdicatIOn to all and his concludinO' remarks were received with loud and prololl a ed cheerina. excellent contribution to the debate was that ofMr, McGrebgor of Dunh ,as for many years taught the art of swimming to the scholars 111 hIS dlstnct and has taken a deef interest in the subject who stated that he would do everything in his power to push forward'the noble work and to bring it prominently before the educativna authorities in Dundee. Messrs. Langston, J ohnson and Scott also addressed the meeting, each throwing out valuable hints and suggestions, IVith the u sual votes of thanks, the meeting, which lasted over tirO hours was brought to a close shortly 5 0 'clock. After tea, to which a large company sat down, an adjournment '\"as made to the Gorbals Baths where a arge and fashionable audience had assembled to witness '

A rD. 243

G. Wilson, W. S. Williamson, and D McGowan. The T e mpl emore team which won the [rish Contest at Belfast on November 6th could not take part, owing to some of the being unable to for Glas&,ow. However, a splendid Contest was witnessed between the two Engltsh and one Scottish teams, The whole of the work was splendidly performed and frequently called forth the admiration and applause of the spectators. The Technical Examination was conducted in private by Dr. John Adams, who put the following questions to each of the teams:- I.-What is the shape of the human thorax or chest' What strucl,ures !or,m its walls? Name all the important organs which are conta111ed 111 It, ar.d state the position of each. 2,-vVhat movements do the walls make during inspiration, and what movements do they make dur!ng HolY are these movements produced?

3·-I Vh at IS the pOSitIOn of the heart in the human body What is meant b y the beat of the Iheart Where can it best be felt? 4,Descnbe the course taken by the blood in passing from the superior "ena cava to the pulmonary capillaries IVhat causes the blood to move through this part of the entire circuit? 5,-Explain the nature of the change which takes place in the blood on its way from the right ventricle to the left auricle.

6.-What is meant when food is said" to go the wrong way"? Explain how it is that a person turns black in the face when choked. 7.-How does the air you breathe o ut differ from th e air you breathe in Why would you die if you were made to breathe the sa 'TIe air over and over again?

8.- What is the Diaphragm Explain how the contract ion of the diaphragm causes inspiration, vVhat is the effect of the movement of the diaphragm?

9. - IVhat region s of the body and what chief organs does the diaphragm separate What important structures pass through it?

1O,-1n what important respects does the blood in the pulmonary veins differ from the blood in the pulmonary artery? Describe structures in which the bronchial tubes end, and explain how these structures are adapted for bringing about the above differences.

I I.-Sometimes persons are killed hy sleeping in a close room in which a charcoal stove is burning. What is it, in such a case, which kills them; \Vhat is the cause of suffocation by dro,vning?

12,-Give an account of the structure of a lung, describing fully the in which the pulmonary blood is exposed to the pulmonary air. Explain exactly the important differences between venous and arterial blood, and the manner in which venous blood becomes arterial in the lungs.

13,-What is the chief composition of air How is this composition changed hy breathing; What is the final effect on the body of breathing the same portion of air over and over again, and what are the steps by which that final result is brought about?

PhOiO by Barttel', East /lld ia Road, E. Morton Stickson Savell Wood Greenland

in 1895 -6-7, and the Southern Count ies Challenge Shield in 1896-7. The five members who have formed the team s in ce 1895 are as follows:

T. J. S Savell, 1895-7, J. W. Morton, 1895-6, T. H. Strickson,1895-6-7, S. W ood 18 96-7, and W. T. Greenland, 1895-6-7. This is a record of which each of them may well be proud, and in this respect the Coventry team which 'has been taught and trained by Mr. J. Ward is also to be highly commended, for two years they have taken second place and have only lost by the small margin of half a point. With regard to the conditions of the contest, it will be remembered that one attempt to alter these was made last year, but owing to certain opposition the attempt failed. A similar effort is to be made at the next Annual General Meeting and in view of this, suggestions are invited from those who have given the matter consideration. The competition was started with the object of encouraging many to become perfect in a subject which is considered to be of the highest import ance to those able to swim and the questions requiring careful attention are (I) llas that object been attained. (2) If not, how can the c.onditions be altered to bring about that much to be desired result. All communications on thi:o subject should reach the IIon. Secs. not later than December 31St.

final tie of the National Life Saving Competition. Messrs. William IIenry, and W, E. Bull, representing the parent body, were. the first arrivals and after various details of management had been discussed, accompanied by some of the officials, a of inspection was made, which embraced Gorbals Baths where the tIe was to be held. At half-past eleven on Monday evening, Loncon and India Docks, and Coventry Technical In st itute teams, with Mr. Cba.rles Newman, and Mr. Archibald Sinclair, arrived at SL. Enoch statl0n, and met by a large pa rty of Scottish Swimmers and members of the Bran.ch which had assembled to give them welcome. After the IntroductIOn ceremon ies, the party adjourned to the Alexandra Hotel, which was [or tbe time being, the head-quarters of the Ll,fe Savrng Society, Next day delegates from all parts of Scotland arnved at the H otel to take part in TIlE CONFERENCE wbich had been called to meet the representatives from the South to consider the best methods of carrying on the work, and promoting the objects of the Society in Scotland. There was a and amongst those present were Mes5rs. W. Henry, A. Smclalr, and W E.

THE GALA, ,-"hich was beld in connection with the final tie. i\Ir. R. D. lYaddell of Kelvinside, donor of the Scottish challenge shield: presldea, and was supported by Dr. ?loan, of the Glasgow School .or. John Adan:s, h on e xam111er, and a number of other InfluentIal The chai,rman, in his opening remarks, expr.essed hope that all 111terested 111 the art of swimming would take up hfe-savmg, as a necessary branch of the art and before another year had pa ssed there would be a large representation of Scottish and women or: the books of the society, able to render efficient aId to the drownl11g. The appointed officials were :-Starter and handicapper, 1\1r. James. (Eastern Club); judges, :'Iessrs. Ruddo ck (LS.S,) and, A. MIller (Pollokshields ?aths S.C.) referee, Mr. A -r:. Mylles Western S,C,) duector of life saving cor;rpetltl?n, Mr. E. Bul,l ; Judges, i\Iessrs. \\'. Henry and Arch.Sinclair (LIfe Sav111g So ci ety). Pnor to the chief event of the el'enina there was a 50 yards open. handicap, the final heat of which was won by J. J. AItken being second, and P. :'IcLaren third. Inter-CIty Water Polo Match, Edinburgh v. Glasgow, "as watched WIth much Intere st. led from the start, and ultimately won by four goals to one. InVIt a tIOn :00. yards scratch race was w()n by Wm. L. Russell and Swttlsh champion), '\' estern Baths, Glasgow; With E. 1M, Berlby, DrumsheuO'h Baths Edinburah F. F. Stirling, Poll ockshields 3rd. b A

b:>: Messrs. A. T. Mylles, (Champion of Scotland, 18 9 6), J. (ChamplOn , 897), and J, Black, (Runner-up, r897), was much appreciated, audle,nce showed their appro\'al by repeated rounds of MISS ]eal11e Selle rs of the South Side Club, was successful In her atterr:pt the 100 yards worlds record of I min. 3i sees.

m,ade by MISS Mml11e Wookey, at Bnstol, 111 OC,lobeJ, 1895, .doing the dIstance In half-a-se co nd less. She was heartIly cheered on leavin a the for her magnificent performance. l\Ir. \\'. Henry contrIbuted to the programme by a display of scientific s,yimming.

THE FINAL OF THE NATIONAL CONTEST.

Out of the four. teams qualifying, three presemed themseh'es for the test, these be1l1g London and 1ndia Docks S. C, consistinO' of Messrs, J. S. S,a\'ill, F. H, S. W ood, and W. 'T. Coventry InstItute, S. C. conslstmg of Messrs. J. S. Trying, J. \\'anl (Hon. RepresentatIves. of the Soc iety at Coventry), S. King, and H. Parnell, and South SIde S, C. con sist in g of Messrs. IV. MacDonald,

q.-\Vhat valves are found in the heart How do these valves work, and how can you prove ·th:1.t they work in the way you describe Is,-What is artificial respiration How produced, and by what methods, 16 ,-IVhen should you stand a patient on the head? After these questions had been put to each of the teams the examiner apportioned the points as folhws:CO';entry 13, London and India Docks IT, and South Side 8. The teams having been lined up at the end of the bath in the presence of the vast audience, went through the remainder of the test in public, and after a most trying competition, and one which reflects great credit on all the teams, the result was declared by the Chairman as follows: London Coventry South and InJia Insti- Side Docks. tute. Glasgow \'in \ oce Exam. (IS points allm\"ed) II 13 8 Rescue Land Drill (:20 points allowed) 20 I9! Resuscitation (30 points allowed) 28 28 kescue Work in the Wattr (35 points allowed) 3{ 33t 3+t

Totals 9+ *90

The South Side S.C. Team, owing to the illness of one of its memcers, retired from the co:npetition when half of the water practice had been completed, a circumstance which was eatly regretted hy all plesent. IYhen the result was declared the wInners,were recorded a areat reception their thnd consecutive \\,111 III thIS Important e\'ent to be popular. It will be seen that, with the exception of the Theoretical Examination, the winners were the better team all throuO'h the contest for which a maximum of 100 points is allowed each from "hich deductions are made according to ability , "-\fter the gala a banquet was held at the Alexandra Hotel, under the presiclency of :\1r.R.D,Waddell, s upp orted by 1\1r. F. Archer,.the president of the Scottish branch, and about se\'enty representatIves of swimming. After the of "The Queen" and "The Royal President, H.R.H The Duke of York" had been responde.d t? the " Life Sa\'ing Society," proposed by the chairman and enthUSIastIcally recei\'ed was acknowledO'ed by .Messrs. W. Henry (hon, secretary) and IV. E. B'ull, whilst that of the" Scottish Branch,", propos.ed by .A. Sinclair, \Vas replied to by ;.\11'. F. Archer, who saId that It was the of the branch" to do the areatest pOSSible good, to the greatest pOSSIble number." Other toasts those of the" Scottish Amateur SlI'imming Association," the "Press," answered by ,IV. one of the oldest authorities on the sport, and the \ SI tors, proposed by 1\1 r. Scouller, hon. secretary of the Scottish Branch, and acknowledg-ed by

FIRST

Mr. C. Newman, co ncluding with the toast of" .the Chairman and his ain fireside," an enjoyable and memorable meetll1g was t o a close in the early hours by the whole of the co mpany ]Oll1ll1g hands and singing" Auld Lang Syne."

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE.

A"'ARD OF A GOLD MEDAL FOR PRIZE ESSAY, A meetinO' of the Central Executive was held at the soc ie ty's offices, 8, Bay ley Street, London, on. November. I8th, and t h ere were present Messrs G. J, !:ttnckla nd (1l1 the chall'), Guy M. C a mp.bell, 'V, B. orris, Miss A. Stone, J , F. Freeman, G. R, H amson, J, E. May, C, Wheeler, A. H, T. Buller, a n d ,W, Henry, sec. Various reports relating- to the work of the socIety were co nslde:- ed, a nd a committee was appointed to make the final award o f pnzes presented :or teac hing swimming in I t :-vas unanIn:ously decided to award the gold medal of h e sOCIety to MISS Ada hon. sec. Putney Ladies' Swimming Cluh, for the best essay on sW Imming and life-saving, a.nd to congratulate upon a most ab le paper, which will be published in due course 111 these notes. Th e han. secretary reported that l\Iessrs: W. H. Grenfell, G <? Trehe.rne, E :\1. Pilkington, and C, :''I eredlth Crosse had made speCIa l donatIOns to the funds of the society. The Margate S.C., Westminster T echnical In stitute, Leander S.C" Cape Town, had, in add iti o n to a number of individual member s, joined the society. Letters were read from frie nd s of the society in South Africa giving information as to t he formation of a branch in Natal, and promising support from various parts of Cape Colony. Examination of 96 candidates from va ri ous classes, in all parts of the U I.ited Kingdom, for profic iency in saving life from drowning, were approved, the awards granted. Th e report of the r e presentatives of the executIve, Messrs, 'V. E. Ba ll and 'iV. Henry , 'w ho \'isited l:Ilanchester Liverpo ol, Belfast, Glasgow, Helensburg , Edinburgh, Npwcastle, Sunderland and Durham, t o conduct examinations and co mp etitions in life saving, &c., stated that great interest was being taken in the society's work; the Scottish branch was composed of a large number of gentlemen whose enthusiasm in the work was such that

GREAT HOPES ARE ENTERTAI:\fED AS TO THE F UTU RE.

The na tio nal competition resulted in a " 'i n for the London and I nd ia Docb S.C for the third year in succession, Coventry Institute was second, and South Side Glasgow third. Th e Irish contest resulted in favour of Templemore S.C. (one of the first I rish clubs to take up this useful subject), East End S.C., Belfast, being second, and Belfa st Amateur third The arrar,gements for the first-named event were splendidly carried out under the of the exe cutive of the S cottish branch, and for the Iri sh contest by ;'1r. J. Carmichael, to all of wh om t hank s were tendered, as alsoto R. D. Waddell, Esq , F. Archer, Esq., and Dr. J o hn Adams for their invaluabl e contribution to the success of the Glasgow meeting, Messrs. Charles R. Oury, Norwich, R. Liethead George Sarginson Henry Lamb, and W.S. Wo odi wisofWest H artlepool: and Thomas T Jack of Sunderland were rep orte d as having passed the pra ct ical examina io n for the Dipl oma of the S ociety, the theoretical papers sem in by each of the candidates were referred to Committee for final approval. Certificates of thanks to the many ladies afJd gentl e men who assisted the society in promoting classes of instruction in a ll parts of the coun try were ordered to be preparer:l an d forwarded. name of W. Howe, who is a m em ber of the Dreadnought S.C. Life Savll1g Class, was ordered to be entered on the minutes for his me rit orious rescue from drowning in the Thames near London Bridge and in the many years of work so ably perfo r med by Mr: WIlson , of,Glasgow, lIfe governor of the society, the executIve unanImously deCided to recommend to the annual O'enera l meeting (in wit.h Rule I I) his election as a Af er the u sual routme busmess had been transacted the mee ting closed.

PRIZES FOR TEACHING SWr:YIMING IN SCHOOLS

order to. encourage the teaching of sw imming in Elementary Sch.ools, It was deCIded to Two Gold, Two Silver and Two Bronze Med als, as well as Certlfica'es to the Mastelsand Mistresses of Schools wh o were most actively engaged in tea ching children to swim, the award to be .made ,upon the baSIS of the largest number of chil dren taught to S\\'lm a dIstan ce of at least I8 yards for the first time durin" I 89 7, a: the number of children on the schoo r oll F these h Ighly Il1terestll1g and novel awards entries were forwarded from a ll parts of the .country. Each of the schools entered sen t reports of thel!' work, which were duly checked and authe nti cated The B oard ofrJudges Messrs. Guy M. Campbell, J. F. Freema n, J. E. May and ". Henry, hon. sec., appointe@ by the Executive, met on November 27 h, and after carefully considering a ll the claims, made t h ei r awards as. follows. :- Rushmoor Road Board School, Girl's Department, Fi rst Pnze , h.avll1g taught a percentage of 8 I, therefore re ceives a Certificate of Ment, whIlst. MI SS E. M. Best (Head Mistress), and Miss Amy each rece Ive .a Gold Medal. I n the. award for Boys' Schools, Chns Church NatIOnal, IIoxton, takes First Pnze with the splendid result of 20'8 per cent Th e Schoolleceives a Certificate of M eri t and Mr. I-larry Green (Head M asIer) and Mr. A. C. R:chards, a 'G old

AID. [December, 1897.

Medal ieach. Earl Street B oard School, Plum stead with I5' 8 per cent. was second, and Mr. H. Harbour (H ead Master), and Mr. H J Norman are awarded a Silver Meda l each. Hunslet Lane B oard School, Leed s, sec ures third p lace with a per of 13'7, and fI:1r. W. C. Cockram (He ad Master), and Mr. H. MIlner, each re ce iv e Bronze Mer:!als. Th e following schools were Highly Commended"Fr ern" Board S choo l, Peckham; IHunti ngdon Street H. G. S cho ol, NottinO'ham Gayhurst Road Board School, Dalston; Ccntral H. G. and :'1a ryland Point Board School, West lIam. It is worthy of note that the Rushmore Road Board School which took First Prize in the Girl's Department, was one o f the larges co mpeting. Th eoretica papers for the Diploma were al so cons ld :red, and it was unanimously agreed that Messrs. C. R. Oury (NorwIch), R. Leithead, G Sarginson, H. Lam b, VITo S, Woodiwis (West Hartlepool), and J. T. Jack (Sun der a n d), had the te st s, and therefore will be recommended for the DIploma, whIch Will be awarded at the Annual General Meetll1g.

A REMARKABLE RESUSCITATTOK.

A most remark able story of the restoration of a man who had apparently lost his life by drow nin g has come before NIL C. C. Lewis, at an inquest held at Rainham. On Oct()ber 26th, three residents of Eri h were on the Thame s in an open sailing boat, and the small ve 3s el beinO' caught in a squall it was capsized, and two of th e thre e w ere Th e survivor was John Alfred Hu dson, a working sadler, wh o was t he principal witness at the inquest. He stated t bat he started to s lI'im, but soon lost consciousness, and remembered nothing more until he found himself in bed at a public-house at Erith on the following day. He went on to state that from what he had been told hi s body was seen floating in the water, and Mr. VVithers sent a man from his yacht in a rowing boat to fetch the body in. Th e boatman was so satisfied that it was a dead body, that he towed behin d his boat to the yacht. Mr. Withers at once took the body ashore to Erith, and a medical man pronounced life to be extinct. However , two sanguine men resort ed to undressing, artificial respira tion, and after two hours of un ceas ing exertion animation began to return. Hudson was t hen pla ced in bed and carefully attended to, and on the following day he recovered consc o usne ss, and shortly after was in good health. The Coroner sa id it was he most remarkable case o f recovery from drowning that had ever come under his notice.

ROYAL HUMA:'<E SOCIETY H01\OURS.

Everyone interested in the progress of the work of the Life Saving So cie ty will be very pleased to learn i\f r. 'V. J. Chapman of Ipswi ch ana a member of the society since I 895, has bee n honoured by the R oya l Humane Society by the award of a 'Testimonial on Vellum " for his successful re sc ue of a soldier when in imminent danger of being drownpd. Thi s result is still more gratifying as this human act of Mr. Chapman was accomplished only a few days after h e had passed the test of the society for the proficiency certi licate and medallion. Vi,T e congratulate Mr. Chapman upon the honour conferred upon him and the practical result of the knowledge he had gained. A similar h onour has been conferred on Mr. R. J. B owden, of the Plymouth Lite Saving Society.

TUNBRIDGE WELLS SWH.l11lING CLUB.

The annua l di stribu tion of medals and certificates of the Life Saving So ciety awarded d u ring the seaso n, took place at the T own Hall on Vednesda y , November Z+th. Major C. R .• F Lutl\'idge, Mayor of Tunbridge Well s, presided over a large and fashionable gathering of members and friends, who, in the opening address, spoke most encouragingly of the good work performed by the club, an d see ing tha the new public baths were soon to be completed, g,we promise of a great future of usefulness to these popular organizations.

HUNGA1UAN SW MMERS.

A letter h as been received by the han. sec of the society from Budapes t as follows :-" Dear Sir,-In the name of the Hungarian Swimmers a ll d Swimming Clubs I sen d hearty greetings to you and the other members of the Life Saving Society, and beg to inform you that in July, I898, Udol1 Grtifl and my se lf will come to London to ry concl usions with the best swimmers in the world, n:tmely, our English friends. Excuse me writing in German, but I am entire ly ignorant of English, with best wishe s for the success of the Life Saving S ociety in which o ur Secretary, Herr Fiizessery joins, believe me to be yours ever, Arpad Biegslbauer , president." To t his in teresting and friendly communication a su it able reply has been sent as also to the hearty invitation of the German Association to p«.rticipate in a conference to be held early in February.

GOOD WORK AT MARGATE.

As a result of th e :'I1argate Athletic Club joiningthe Life Saving Soc:ety a class has been formed where members may acquire valuab le instruction for saving life in ca.ses of drowning. Mr. Dracott in ope ning the c ass gave theoretical instruction as to the best method of rescuing a drowning person and restoration afterwards He a lso showed h ow to get clear of a drowning man when ap parently hopelessly inv olv ed. At the next lesson three methods were practically demonstrated qt the M q rin e

FIRST AID

The Jourf\al devoted to j\mbulaf\ce Work, af\d the Objects of the Life Savif\g

EDITED BY HEATON C. HO\VARD, L.R.C.P. Lf)ISD., :\l.R.C.S. EISG. No. 43.-VOL. IV. JAt\UARY, 1898. PRICE ONE PENNY.

TRADE NOTICE ,

The Trade will be sUfJPl i ed by Mr F. BRETT, 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate H ill.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publisher.

NOTICE. The publisher wishe3 to say that last month's iss ue was completely SOLD OUT , therefore we must ask our readers to send their order.:: in early III the month in order to avoid disappointment.

113 revt tl es.

, VITH all cordiality we wish our readers a Happy i\'ew Year, and trust that the end of the next tweh'e months will find them more prosperous than the 1St of January this year. * **

IT -will be 11 oticed that certain articles reproduced in anot her co lumn \ abollt the necessity for an Ambulance Sen'ice for London haye appeared iil some of our papers.

,. Da O'onet 11 of the R eferee broached the ::iubject and the Starfo ll owecl it up by; an article asserting that London was proyided with an _-\mbulance Senice which was sufficient, and also that there are 300 ambubnce stations in London. * **

WE cannot allow :,uch misleading statements as these to appear without uttering a strong ,,-orcl of remonstrance.

It is a distinct perYer sion of the word sen'ice to caD by that name the present ambulance arrangements in our city . It is childish to .say that lYe ha\'e an ':

Se rvi ce ., because one 111 ten of the ::\[ etropohtan PolIce IS instructed in a certain amount of first aid (q uite insufficient by the way for the in our streets), and bee au e the Huspitals ha'3 placed a number of its boxes CIt yarious points in the streets, and which the Star m an calls " stations."

* *

VVH EN.E a re the wagons? ,Vh ere is the telephonic co mmunicati on? ,\Yhere are the trained assis tant s? *

TH E .LlJorllZ·lIg Lcaticr approaches the subject from a different point of After makil.1g its representati\'e has tound that there IS a consldera,ble deficiency in the ambulance arrangements of our City, o'jyi nO' a s an instance the treatment of a street accident (as e;plained by 1\1r.

vYITIIOllT o'oinO' into al1\ ')!<further details, l)oint \ye 0 J, insist on is thi -the London pollce ha\'e l]ulte enough to do to attend to their proper Folice duties, ha\' e not the time or training for ambulance work, therefure, A:\lBULA:\CE W ORK Lmmox OUGHT TO BE OUT BY P1WPERL Y A:\IBULA:\CE ]\[E:\,. The necessity [or it is sh?,\'n by the feeble that ban.! been made, Hncl whleh haye been descnbed ll1 the ne\\'s papers relerr e d La N 0 body can Londo n in the way that It ought Lo be done) .and thlS .JS \Yell- known to :111 those who are connec Led With first wo rk.

V\T HO is on our s ide ? and who will help the agitation?

,VHO \Yill be the next com'ert ?

\VE thank" Dagonet " most heartily for the spirited mannel in which he has taken up the subject.

TH E Chief Secretary of the t. J ohn _-\ 50ciation has been pleased to inform the Referee that" FmST _-\m" is a priYJ.te enterprise, published without any authority whate\'er fr0111 the Central Executiye Committee of the t. John .-\mbulance As soc iation, and the Committee is in no way responsible for the opinions or statements of any of the 'writers,"

*

WE endorse this most emphatically, and whilst willing to acknowledge the good work of the A sociation, we are proud to state th a t 'I FmsT _-im" is not in any way dependent on the support of the Central Executive C ommittee of the St. John .-\mbulance _-\ssociatioll.

@ur 1iatcst <ton"ert.

W E are pleased to inform our readers that, at the time of writing, the latest COlwert to the cause of the lance Seryice for Lond on is "Dagonet" of the Referee. ,\Vith his powerful adyocacyand great influence in the Press, we trust that the agitation may be kept up and be succe'sful.

A. s far as we are concerned, \"e are confIdent that the Service will come in time, and the que tiOIl i , ,,-ho is to support a.'1d help on the n:o\'ement? and aiso, IS 0'01l10' to press lt 011 to the notice of the Go\'ernment The bmatter is so important that we giye I. Dagonet's ') own ,vord s: -

In Blackpool there is a linely sel:,·ice,. and the police are all of them skIlled III hrst. ald. L o nd on IS a properly equipped and thoroughly organIsed a,mbulan.ce serl'lce In Blackpool if I fall down and injure myself the paS51l1g can attend to my injuries. At the ne:lrest corner IS a box III the wall, in which be \\ ill find splints for broken legs and roller ban?agcs, carbo Ii sed oil [or wounds anu bruises, carron od fur scalds, SCIssors, pins, needles, and thread, He ca n send to the station and call for ::he polIce :lmbubnce waggon, ",hlch IS .all a)5 ready, and under t'1ree minntes [ shall ha\'e skIlled first aId and skilled cOIl\'eyance to the nearest ho sp.lta!. ,.

This is what would happen to me 111 Bbckpool (pray don that 1 am looking forward to it i), but l1Iy fate would be dIfferent in London. Here I should probably be for about ten mlllutes the centre of a big crowd ol sightseers \\h o wou ld crush aro und me and.step upon me in their eagemess to hal'e a look at one of the free sh,o\\s of the London thorouO'hfares. A pro sl rate man or \\on1.1n dlalls :l birrO'er croll'dth.1I1 e;en a horse ciOll'n upon the asphalte o r:An escaped on the edge of a Ilindow-sili. Everybody. would sUg'gest ought to be done with me, and el'entually a \\ould. wh o would push the crowd back, l1l:lke a few sympatl1.etJc enqull'les 1l: Illy private ear, and then suddenly the happy IIIsP.lratl.on Ilouid OCCUI, at the back of the crowd, tint I should be can led Iota the .nearest chemist's If I hall good luck I should find l11;:sc.lf after a ll Inte: I',: 1 of torture stuck up on a high chair the chemIst s COUll tel" but It IS quite probable I might be conveyed 111 a scent, powdel-puff, and face

powder establishment which had been mistaken for a chemist's. Hele the indignant proprietor would protest, and somebody wo.uld then say that I had better be put in a cab and taken to the hospl ta l. H I should be got into the cab I don't like tothink. I have seen un skilled putting an injured man into a fou:-wheel cab, and I have gathered from the patient's few remarI.:s that It was not a grateful and comforting pr ocess.

'Vhat we want in Lundon is a proper ambulance serVice, for all our excellent policemen to be skilled in re.ndering first. If had an ambulance service worthy of the capital of the BrItIsh Empire all street accidents woule be properly attended to and carefully removed. Ac cidents in workshops and private houses would be transponed to the hospital in an efficient and cases of pOls o nmg would have that prompt assistance IS so General medical practitioners would get that help they often want in cases of emergency, such as aCCidents, pOIsonIng &:c., and the ambulance waggons would be in attendauce at all fires where there was a likelihood of persons being burnt or suffocated

TO W when are we going to have this ambulance serv.lce? If Blackpool is so perfectly equipped why should L ondon walt? The metrcpolis has hitherto been apathetic on the subject. Cannot It be roused to see the vast amount of suffering and the number of lives that would be saved if we had an efficient system o f first aid? \\" e shall have It if the Press will only take the matter up,and bring ith om e to the public and to the powers that preside over the welfare of the metropolis.

The following is taken from the Leader STREET ACCIDE.\'TS.

Lo::'mo)l's I:vIPERFECT HELr-WHAT IS [Exclusive to the L eader. ]

" Dagonet" has been drawing our attention to the inadequate ambulance service in L ondon. He points out that in BJackpoo the first passing policeman can give first aid to the injured, and that ready at hand-at the nearest street corner-all the necessary appliances and remedies are found neatly packed in a box in the wall.

Just what the ambulance service in lon don is was not easy to dis(writes a repreEentative of Th e jJIor nin g Leader). On special days, such as the two Jubilees, Lorci :\Iayor's SholY days, &:c., the St. John Ambulance A ssociatio n hal·e the matter in hand. They fit up stations, provide appliances, &:c., and their volunteer brigade gaye all the help needed. and the whole service is carried through in the most perfect and effectual manner.

But for every day there seems to be no complete system of ambulan ce service for London. One of the officials at the headquarters of the St. John Ambulance Association said that they do all they can, but they are not recognised sufficiently by the authorities as being ever ready to give aid.

IGNORI:-;"G ST. JOHN.

\I Take an example," he continued "An accident happens at the top of this street. We are not called upon to give assistance, though we hal'e everything at hand; the patient is put into some vehiCle by the police and taken to the hospital.

" Of course we are often calle d upon at our several stations about London, at St. Paul's, the General Post Office, and other places. You know, too, that it is a sine qua non that every City policeman should go through a cours e of' First aid to the Injured ,' and it is kept up every year."

Wh at about the Metropo itan police? "

" :\r any of these, too, are efficient in this way."

"Is there any other ambulance help gi· en by any other body, that in a systematical way covers the ground you do not represent? "

" There is the p olict ambulance work and the Hospital Ambulance Society. but I do not know of anyone recognised ambulance society that is responsible for assistance in street accidents."

;"IR. :\l OO UGALL'S YIEW.

At the offices of the London County Council our representatiye had a chat with Mr. John .\1'Dougall (chairman oftheAsylums Committee).

As he explained, the mode of procedure now is when a street accident occ urs the police put the patient into a cab-which is not the most suitable vehicle for an injured person to rest in-or in anything v oluntarily offered that may be passing at the time. By this the patient is conveyed to the nearest hospital.

"O f course," said 1\[r. :\1 Dougall, "a system of ambulance service all over London would not be the business of the London County Council-th<l is, unless it were delegated to the Council. 1t be longs to the province of tbe police."

1\1r. :\l'Dougall was not very hopeful concerning the Blackpool system. He was afraid that the medical boxes would seldom he found to contain anything when opened.

We might certainly have stations witb hand-litters and remedies a cab·rank, railway. station, fire brigade station, p o lice station, and, In fact, at all such public place where official people are about.'·

The following is taken from the Star ;_

"DAGONET"

PUT RIGHT ABOUT LONDOI\'"'S AMBULANCES.

THE MEANS EXISTlNG AGEXCIES HAVE PROVIDED FOR HELPli'iG THE INJURED :\IAN IN THE STREET.

" Dagonet" been sayin&" in the Refi.ree that has n o ambulance sen-Ice for street aCCidents and bitterly bewaJ!mg the fa ct that policemen are not instructed in first aid. It is hard to quarrel with so genial a mentor, but at the risk of doing it I must assert (writes a Star man) that in both these particuiars " Dagonet "is wrong. London has an ambulance service, and London policemen are instructed in first aid.

There are three hundred ambulance stations in London Yes, i\lr Dagonet, three hund red ! ot as many as there might be,. perhap s, but a fair begin!1ing a long remove from the state of thIngs you have pictured.

THE 300 STATIO:-IS.

"Vhere are the 300? In the first place, every police station, every fire station, eyery hospital, every railway station has been equippe d with ambulan ce appliances.

There are a lso many street stations, and the H ospitals Association has plenty of money for more street am bulance li tte rs, but is puzzled to know where to put them.

THE TEACHI:-IG OF FIRST AID.

The areat mission of the St. John Ambulance Association, as many well is to instrucT. in the art of giving '," first aid t o the wounded," and there are of men ,yalkmg the streets of London who are fully qualified and always anxious to give tha t aid.

They include every City policeman and every man who has .ioined the metropolitan force during the last 10 years, thousands of raIlway men, every park p oliceman and attendant in the employ of the London County Council (who are also paid overtime when attending lectures ) ; ex-officio, as it were, all doctors and surgeons; and finally 1. great following of private individuals, who are in it ,. for the love of the wor k."

THEY CA)I bIPROnSE.

You may talk of lit ters, stretchers, splints, and bandages, but there is not a member of the brigade who cannot improvi se all things if necess ary, and, equally, witbout his knowledge the bes t appliances 'wou ld be u seless.

::'\ot only does the St. John Association train men; it has lished 27 stations with appliances; they are scattered from Old Kent Road to Kil b urn, and every first aid man knows their location.

Besides these there is the Hospitals Association Street Ambulance Service, started in 18 89 by l\lr. Thomas Ryan of St. :'lary 's A City man, Mr. H. L. Bischoffsheimer , subscribed the money for carrying out :\1r. Ryan's ideas, and one rea son the work of this b riCTacle is not known to many Lond one r s lies 10 the fact that the generosity of Mr. Bischoffsheimer has never made it necessary to apply to the public for financial s upp or t.

·While Mr. Ryan is anxious to m ake further progre=s In the directIon of administering to the needs of sufferers from accidents, and has money at his disposal for that purpose, he is at a loss o know ho:v to. ceed. If any Star reader has a suggestIOn to make, he Will gl\:e It every consideration, but he them that experts of the H ospItals Association have been cons ldenng suggestions for many years past, and have found few practi cable.

THE POLICE EFFICIEKCY.

S cotla nd Yard informs us th a there are about 200 p olice st'ltions at which first aid appliances and litters or stretchers are kept, a TJd in a few years when the oldest men have dropped out all the police will be qualified to render assistance.

IN THE PARKS A ·n AT OTHER PLACES.

To the chief clerk of the Parks ane: Open Spaces Committee of the L.C.C. the Star man s indebted also for much information about the instru ction of park attendan ts. Every park ha s so:ne appliance, and six have litters o f the best pattern. On Bank Holidays the St. John Brigade sends tents and a full staff of su.rgeons and helpers to Hampstead 'Heath and Bla ck heath. The BrIgade, by the way, al so sends voluntary workers to athletic gatherings. football matches, and cycle races.

Looking at the matter as a whole It does n ot seem tha t t he time has yet come when the L.C.C. or any other body should attempt o mpplant the pre se nt voluntary system by a paid organisation.

On the 19th ult. "Dagonet" wrote the following in reply;-

But the Ambulance people have been speaking to the Star, and I am bound to repeat what they sa id it was all about poor me. On the whole [ can not say that It was" too sweet, too sweet, because practically the Ambulance authorities are up in arms against me, and even the kindly Star, whi ch," he wos wery good to me, he wos," heads its a rticle" Dagonet proved wro.ng:

This is how the trouble came about. I said In my own roundabout way that London was not so well off in its ambulance service as many provincial towns, and I instanced Blackpoo l. In sent to me privately, and publicly in the columns of my good fnend the Star, I

J anuary, 18 98 J FI HS T A rD. 249 am denounced as knowing nothing of the facts, and with belittling a useful body of men and women who are doing noble work in London.

o Dio Mio I-which is, as of Course you are already aware what "0 dear me ! " really means-how easily in these modern days when the world is a huge advertisement hoarding, and life a ceaseless hullabaloo, a plain, straightforward man may be misunderstood. \Vould you be surprised to hear, after reading that column in the Star and all the prot ests of the good ambulance folks, that from first to last I have been doing my very best to serve the ca use of first aid-that I wrote what I wrote about the ambulance wor k in L ondo n after a careful study of the offic ial org-an, FIRST Am - that I had the cordial coof tbe Edtor of that journal-and that the foundation of my statements that L ondon wa s not pr0perly equipped was furnished by this paragraph in the amhulance workers' own ofhcial organ; "The H o me S ecre tary, we are glad to see, maintains h is interest in ambulance work, and Blackpool is again the favoured place. Perhaps Sir Matthew While Ridley n1:1.\- be persuJ.ded one of these days to turn his attention to LOlldon o/an Amliltlallce 8elvlce.·'

::'\ow am I to take. it .FrRsT AID, the organ, s wrong and that the Star IS TIght ( Let me quote agal11 from the official orga n; " That the erection of these smal I stations is a great boon to london no one for a moment douhts, but 1re do not in one iota abate 0/1'1' desire (117' a properly eq/( ipp ed and efficient amlJlllctnce sen-ice/or this, th e ?·ichest city in the 7L'orld."

Quite so, and I am trying in my humble way to draw attention to London's needs, ::Ind to assist the excellent ambulance workers to g et what they want-official recognition and public support. It was as the fri end of tbe ambulance workers I wr ote, and not as their enem y. I fully rec')gnise their del'olion, tbeir usefulness, and r maintain in face of all that has been written to prove me w rong that \,·e ought to have an ambulance service second to none in the world, and thal we shall not get it until the Press and the PJblic re cognise the need and bring pressure to bear upon Parliament.

I kno\\' of my own that some time ago tbe daily papers refused to open their columns to a discussion of tbe claims of the ambulll.nce societies. \Yell if [ have done nothing else, I ha\'e at least been the means of giving the first aide rs a colu-nn of recog-nition in tbe Slar. :X ow let the shortsighted ones l e::lve off denouncing me and call me Felix, J am their best friend.

jfaintt ll g.

BY CHIRURGL"S.

(.ill nghts rest/"7'ei/.)

"Did you have many cases at your station?" one Super. intendent of another.

,. ::\0, not many only about 20 faints," replies his friend.

This is a specimen of the coO\-ersat on often heard after a day out on alT'bulance duty, showing th3t a \"ery large majority of the cases attended to in o ur work are fainting, the subjects being nearly all members of the weaker sex On Jubilee DJ.Y the cases of fainti ng were 9+ per cent. out of a total of I43 9.

Seeing then that of accidental illnesses as they may be termed) which first-aiders are called upon to treat, fainting forms a very large proportion, it seems II·orth "h ile to de\·ote a ttention to its various and tbe different varieties of it that we see, and also to its prevention. It is an old and a true saying- that ., familiarity breeds contempt," and we get accustomed to see so much ot this affection, that there is a danger of not paying that attention to its treatment that it deserves. The sensati on of losing one's c0nsciousness with o ut being abl e to control it, and the knowledge that there is a li a.b ilir;yto another :\ttack coming at any time from so me slight cause or another, is n ot pleasant, and persons afflicted in this way deserve all the sympatby and care that we can give.

Fa1l1ting may be described as a loss of consciousness or suspended animatio n due t o sudden of the action of the he:I.rt, and IS recognised by a particularset of symptoms. It may be due to CAUSES acting (r) through the he art itself, (2) through the n en'ous system, (3) through the blood, and (+l through some or all of thes e together. By co nside ring these separately we shall get a much better idea of the wh )le subject generally.

(r) Fainting due to causes acting through the heart IS seen 111 h elrt disease, and in compression of heart hy tight articles of clothing (such as are worn by ladies), and by p o isons such as chloroform and tobacco Exce ss ve he:I.t either from th e sun, as in sunstroke, or fro ·n a batb that is too hot, directly on tbe heart and impedes its ac:ion. The importance of all this will be seen in the treatment..

(2) Nervous causes are th ose brought about by excessive emJtlon, either of joy, fear or grief. Certain conditions of the stomach, intestines, and abdominal organs cause fainting by what is called reflex nervous action, and fainting fr om painful injurie s is due to this same ca u se Sudden injuries to the central nervous system, such as concuss ion of the brain, cause fainting mainly through the n e n 'oussystem.

(3) Fainting may be caused by the blood being deficient in quantity or quality, as may be seen in hmmorrhage. \'OURg girls who are subject to will often faint on the slightest exertIon the condition lasting some time and often becoming serious.

(4) Most cases of fainting, however, are the result of two or more of these causes acting together. I think the cases we see mo,t of are those of persons in a crowd, or in a h ot and impure atmosphere, and it will be seen that the causes may be traced partly to the direct effect of the heat upon the circulation of the blood, partly to the interference with the breathing, and indirectly with the heart, produced by carbonic acid and other waste products. In fainting from hunger, the heart is affected through the nervous system and the blood, and in severe injuries there is often a combination of all these causes. Jf the person is constitutionally weak fainting may be brought on by very slight causes, thus we see how in patients suffering from serious he art disease, or hysteria , or the slighest excitement or exerti o n, unpleasant smells or sights, or exposure to an impure or heated atmosphere may cause giddiness or faintness, which in some cases may prove fatal.

Those who have been on ambulance duty in the streets of London on the occasion o f a big crowd will have noticed that often hunger and exhaustion are the primary causes, and pressure, heat, and impure atmosphere combined are the imm ediat e cause of an attack, and it will be further observed that the subjects are nearly all women, for a man who has :t s ound constitution and a fair amount of physical strength will not succumb t o these trivial causes. To me personally it is ery interesting to find out the cause in eacb case of fainting, no matter how slight it is.

The co ur s e of events that produ(e unconsciousness may be traced as follows;- The contraction of tbe ,entri cles becomes feeble, causing the blood to collect in th e auricles and veins, thus depriving the brain of its proper supply of artenal blood, and in consequence the important nervous centres refuse to act, causing loss of conscious ne ss and the general of tbe muscular system, which is also increased by the defiCient supply of blood in them. If the contractile p Jwer of the heart be not soon restored, it will become completely paralysed with, of course, a fatal result. Rec J\'ery takes place tJy the restoration of the cereb ral circulation (brought about by the recumbent position), thu.s the cardiac nerve centre in the bra1I1, and also by the partial r estoratIOn of the respiratory and other which quic.kly react on the heart.

S ymptoms.- There are certa1l1 signs whIch we kn ow a person is aui n O' to faint before the loss of conscIOusnes s takes place. The pale, she gets giddy and 6taggers abou t and pulse fails. There is feeling of "sinking" and great \'I51On .becomes obscure and then insensibilit\ becomes complete, with relaxatlOl. of all the mu;cles. At this stage the surface of the body is almost white and perhaps cold and clammy, eyes close?, pulse and breathing almost imperceptible. If there has been a consid era ble amount of hce.morrhage coO\'ulsiol1s may be present. In case of recm·ery the first thing to be noticerl is a deep sigh, then the pulse gets stronger, the colour returns tothe face and lips and sensibility!s re stored.

It is import ant not to mistake faIDtmg tor othe r conditIOns 111 whi ch unconsciousness is present. The history of the attack, the pallor the surface, and the extremely weak pulse o U?"h t. t o ,p ut you on. the track. Hy ste rical persons often become 'fal?t IS ol·er, but the strong pulse will show. that there IS :,othl?g s.enous. , T reatm e nt.-The two great POllllS to bear In ml;,d m treatmg a case of fainting are, to remove the caus e .whlch brought on the attack, and do the best you can to restore the actIOn of the heart. In .most. of the cases which first-aiders are called upon to treat the cause IS easIly foune, being generally due to heat, impure air, or pre.ssure, combined with some predisposing cause, such as hunger, exhaustion, we akne.;s of the heart, or general bodily weakness. H cemorrhage, although rare, must n ot be lost sight of as a cauce

Remo\·al from impure air, laying the patient fj,lt do wn, and !lnloosening all tight clothes round the neck, chest, a n.d abdomen are the first measures to be adopted. Stimulants "ill th.en probably be required, such as smelling salts to the no>e, alcohol 10 the of bra ndy sal volatile, ,,·ine, &c. If unable w swallow, cold. applIcatIOns to the temples and hands and h elp to excite the throuah tbe nen·ous system. If tbe patient does n ot recm·er WIth these ";.emedies tbe case must be regarded as being very serious.

P reve n ti o n -The old sa ying tbat preventIOn I'S belter th.an cure applies to binting in the fullest degree, and was largely exemplIfie.d Jubilee day. The number of cases of persons who felt famt and glJd} , and in \I·hom the attack was a ,·erted by a timely glass of water or a little fresh air, or a mild stimulant, such as a preparatIOn of some form of extract of meat, will never be known; but there IS no doubt the number of" faints" \yould have been much larger bu.t for these .s lmple measureF. 'When a pel son begins to feel faint and giddy a?d IS Just o.n the bahr.ce between unconsci o u sness and recovtrr any .sllght IS sufficient to turn tbe scale. Removal int o the fresh ai" puttIng the head between the knees, a glass of cold water,. are often enough 10 prE'\-ent the attack. The cold ",aier dl:ectly stimulates the helps to dril'e the blood to th e ext.ren:ltIes of the ody Thls IS a kind of first aid that is real and effectll·e, and although It not show on the case-book, it will earn the gratitude of the .com munlty. For some of the technical details given above I am !ndebted lo. an article o.n the subject by Dr. Mitchell Bruce.

FIRST FIRST AID

1, 1898

We are again reminded by Time that 1897-8. another year has slippE-d by all too quickly, and passed into history, and that the opening pages of a new year ;He about to be unfolded ' Vhat change it ",ill bring forth no one can foretell, but the changes and e\'ents of the past are still fresh in our minds and by rC\'iewing them we can see what progress has been made in the ambu lance world.

The Diamond Jubilee year will be one to be remembered by all, and especially by the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The Annual Conference ,vas held at Leicester on the 6th at which the and Pro\'incial Officers exchanged view s, and discussed matters relating to the management of the Brigade. On Jubilee Day there were on duty in London a grand total of 975 surgeons, officers, nursing sisters and men, and 1,+39 cases were attended to. The Commissioner of the Brigade, Col. Thackeray, V .c., was made K.C.H., an honour thoroughly appreciated by all the members of the Brigade. A ,,,ell-known hon. surgeon of the :i\Ietropolitan Corps, Dr. W.]. Hunter, died suddenly in J uly, his lo ss being severely felt by all its members The Brigade has performed its usual as now recognised by the public, in the open spaces and in the streets on Bank Holidays and other days, so much so that all idea seems to have got abroad that we have an Ambulance Service instead of the yolLlntary arrangement that exists at present.

In August, the Home Secretary , Sir Matthew W. again appeared on the platform at Blackpool and ad,-ocated the cause of ambulance.

On the 6th of May, an Ambulance Demonstration and Fete, organized by the Norwood Oentre of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association, was held at the Crystal Palace and three Competitions were decided. The General won by the Oambridge team, the Brigade by the St. John's Gate ;\0. 1 division, and the Railway by the Great Eastern team.

The work is making progress on so me of the railways, though ,ye are sorry to say that all the companies ha,-e n.ot yet taken up, ?ut it is only a quesLioll of time, as they must come mto lll1e sooner or later.

The Brighton line enjoys the distinction of hayinO' the only accident of any importcunce that at in S , J' epLember, and the first aid work shown by this company does not seem to be of the best. The engine driver was only killed) though several passengers were senously ll1Jured.

Barely a month ago a terrible disaster occurred at Margate) whereby nine of the crew of the surf lifeboat including Mr. 'houghton, the Superintendent of Ambulance were drowned by the cap sizing of the boat dunng a fnghtful storm. Such a loss is a national calamity, and their death, on an errand of mercy, must a.I?peal strongly t? all first-aiders. Mr. Troughton' s hte ','ork IS alluded to 111 another column

And last, but noL least, Mr. George R. Sims in the Referee,ol! the 5th of December, pleaded for an AmbuSen lce for and other p?pers have opened thelr columns to a dIScus slon of the subject. "We venture to point to this as the most noteworthy feature of the year, and now. the ?all is set rollll1g, we ind u lge in the hope that It w111 acqUIre such an irresistible force that aI: Ambulance Sen-ice must amI will become an ac'comphshed Jact.

3n flOClll0rianl .

CHARLES ED\'VARD TROUGIITON.

A terrible calamity fell upon Margate in the early days of last month when the surf boat was up set during a dreadful storm and nine of it s occupants I\'ere drowned. Among them was Charles Edward Tro ughton, who although not one of the crew, accompanied the life, boats on their perilous expedition to render first aid and to Superintend the safe transport to land of the shipwrecked sailors. The los s of such a man as he was is a loss no t only to Margate, but to the whole ambulance world.

The late l\Ir. Troughton had been connected nearly all his life with the Isle of Thanet, and about 20 years since joined Messrs Cobbs' Margate Bank (now Lloyd's ) In this office his good qualit ies were soon discovered and he rose to the p osition of chief cashier, wbicb he held at the time of his death IIe took the greatest interest in ambulance work, and for many years was one of the prominent leclders, being elected superintendent of the Ambulance Corps in 1885 Through his instrumentality, and largely by his efforts, the fund lIa s raised for building the present ambulance station. His kindly sympathetic nature and his willingness to sacrifLe him self for others made him a favourite not only with hi s corps, but with the general public, for he wa s well-known to everybody in Margate. Being an intrepid sailor he was ever ready to accompany the lifeboats either in the day or night tin:e. This utter unselfishnes s, his constant readines s to help others in distress, h:l\'e so endeared him to his fellow-townsmen ana made his loss so keenly felt that it is proposed to call the lifeboat after his name.

On the :\Ionday before his death, the day of the great storm, he was out all day in the Quiver lifeboat, and assisted in bringing to Margate Harb o ur fourteen men from several small I'essels that had to be abandoned. One of his last acts of kindness was to go to Westga te at 10.30 the night of December 1s t to bring a father to the bedside of hi s child, who was dying at the ;\Iarga:e Cottage Llo spita and it was in the early hours of the following morning t hat he met his death.

If ever a man thoroughly understood :Lnd fully carried OLlt the motto « pro utilitate hominum," that man was Charles Edward Troughton, and his loss in the act of succouring others is a filling ending- to the tragedy 0f his life. If we were called upon to write an epitaph O\'er his we would s imply say, "A noble man who died in a noble ca u"e.

May G od rest his soul, and Ri\'e him the reward he so richly merits.

tt on.

CORPS, ST. JOlIi\' \i\lBULANCE BRIG,:\DE.

The above competition took place before a large and representati I'e audience, on iVednesday, Decemher 8th. at King's Cross (G.N'. R.) Railway Station, in the large drill room of the Great Korthern Railway (King's Cross) Division, "hich 11':1S most kindly lent by tbe Company for the occasion.

The judges were Surgeon-Car;tain G. T. Rawnsley, , \.:\1.S., Adjutant V.M.s.C., and Surgeon-Captain J. Harper, \ T. :'I1.S.C. :.\ine teams entered, viz.: St. John's Gate Xo. 1 Division; Great Xorthern Railway (King's Cross) Di\'is ion (3 teams): East Ham Division (2 teams); London Brighton and South Coast Railway Cross) Division; South Metropolitan Gas Company Divic;ion, and Tottenham and Hampstead hll1ction Railway Di\ s ion. Owing to unavoidab le circul11stallces, tbe Sl. Jobn's Gate No. Division team was obliged to witbdraw fr om the Compe t ition.

The Compel ition was keenly contested, the result being as followsEast Ham Division (team I) holders, 1st; East Dam Division (team 2) 2nd; South ;\1 etropol itan Gas Co. Division, yd; the remaining teams finishing in the order named, Great Northern Railway (team 3); Great 0:orthern Railway (teams I and 2) tied; London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Division, and Tottenham and IIamp s tead Junction Railway Divi s ion. Aftel' the result had been announced, a I'ote of thanks to the judges was proposed by _lssistant Commissioner Mr. F. D. l\lackenzie. Surgeon-Captains Rawnsley and Harper having replied, Chief Morgan thanked the Great Northeln Railway Company for the use of the room and the Great Northern Railway Division for tbe admirable arrangements they had made.

.M a rri age.

ROPER-PARR.-On December 2Ist, IS97, at lIoly Trinity Church, Leicester, by the Rev. Canon Sanders, D.D. (Chairman of the LeicesLer Corps), J Edwin Roper, C E. (Transport Superintendent of the Leicester Corps) to RosellIarriett, fourth daughter of Thomas Parr, of Leicester.

J OH::-J C. DERHAM, ESQ., CHIEF CO:t\STABLE OF BLACKPOOL, ST J BRIGADE, HON. BIWTHER OF THE ORDER OF ST. ALL those who are acquainted with Blackpool, the fayourite seas ide resort of Korth of England, and probably tho'>e who are merely on , isiting terms ,yith it, will rec ogl1lse til e fea tures of Mr. John C, Derham, the Chief Constable, and one of the most popular men in that town.

Mr. Derham

._'''''/ was born in Lancashire about 50 years ago, and at the age of 2+ lomed the Lanca hire County Constabulary, and ,,-as taken into the Chief Constabfe's office at Preston - the headquarters of the county. Here he rose to Inspector and Chief Clerk, which latter rank he held until appointed to his present position \lr Derham's ambulance career, wiLh which we are chiefly concerned in this sketch, began in April, RR6, ,,·hen he obtained hi s first certificate In June of the following year he was appointed Ohief Constable, and being- so impres ed with the yalue of am bulance work, he immediatel\' commenced to introduce it into the town. He induced the \ Vatch OommitLee to sanction the cost of ambulance instruction to the police, with the re::.ull that no,," e\'erv member of the force holds the certificate of the St. John Ambulance A ssoc iation. In 18q+ and 1895 at reyiew 5 of the Korth-Ea st Lancashire Di\'ision, 1\1r. Derham secured the presence of Lord Derby at one and Lord Knutsford at the other. _l.t present both male and female cbsses are being held at the Poli ce Buildings.

In September, 1896, the Right HOI1. Sir :Jlatthew Vhite Ridley, the Home Secretary, at an Ambulance Concert, and he honoured the town again in Augu s t la s t.

In Februan', 1896, the Order of St. John elected him Hon. Sen'ing' Brother, an honour bestmyed upon him for distinguished sen'ices, and in the following he ,,'as appointed Assistant Uommissioner to the K o. +Di s trict.

The ambulance en'icc at present in operation at Blackpool is due to the efforts of Derham, aided by the adYice of Dr. :i\lo lloy. To describe it shortly, we may say that e\'ery policeman is certificated in first aid, there are fOllrteen wall-boxes containing material for wounds, burns, fractmes, &c., placed at different prominent places in the town, there is a hor se ambulance wagon, built to carry tllree patients and attendant, always kept ready for use at the office of the Cbief Constable (this has been bought by the Oorporation on 1\J1'. J)erham's recommendation), together with two wheeledlitLers and four stretchers, and th r ee stretchers are kept at branch Police-stations in the so u th and north-east ends of the tOWIl. The members

of the Fire Brigade are all ambulance men. The Ohief Office is in direct telephonic communication with the Hospi.tal, telephonic messages are sent there, saying what IS. reqUl:ed, from hotels, shops, offices, &c., 0 that any aCCIdent IS attended to immediately.

}Ir. Derham h.a s been greatly in hi::; work b" tlle Lady SuperIntendent, }Irs. R. B. Orme, and by h1s .E Irst Officer, Inspector Sharrock, who haye both rendered him mo st ,-aluable help.

}Ir. Derham is an enthusiast in the ambulance cause. He came to London on Jubilee l)av and wa charmed with reception that the Brigaele receiyed when marchIng along the route. 'Ve under'>tand lhat the next Annual Conference of the SL. John A-\mbulance hirrade will be held at Blackpool in the Spring, and ,ye are that the will recei\'e a right welcome from j[r. Derham.

A man of commanding pre_ence, a good speaker, a worker, jlr. D erham has become a great fa\'ourite 111 Blackpo ol, and the ambulance will 0'0 ahead when men of his stamp ha\'e taken it up. }Ia\ b his reiO'n m'er this popular watering place be a long b (Lorrcsponbencc.

.·\:\IBU LA:'\CE CALL OFFICES.

To the Editor of FIRST A.m. DEAR STR,-Permit me, through the columns of your yaluable journal, to make a suggestion which f think ",ill do much to further the great \York tbe authorities of the St. John Ambulance Association hal'e so well in hand. In cities like London it is practic;t1lr impossible to establish and maintain a complete system of fully equipped ambulance stations, the expense of location and acti\'o; maintenance on anythinglike a proper scale being too onerous for a \'olunleer institution. Of course, in writing this I do not lose sight of the Station under SL Paul's Cathedral steps, lIb ich r understand was so g-enel'ously founded by a pril'ate individual (Dr. Freshfield), to kindly foresiaht a great number of people are much indebted; neither Cln I ignore the appliances stationed in Yal ious parts by the Hospi tals Association for the use of those who ha\'e a knowledge of first aid. Appliances are most nece sary, but men capable of using them are of greater impor' tance, and I would suggest that, since there are so many duly qualified members of St. John distributed in office!', warehouses, .s:c., in this great c ity , it would prol'e 0. ,'aluable adjunct if the :\ssociation were to issue tablets to such of the members who are prepared to affix tbe same on or at the side of their door. Thio utblet might be a reproduction of the badge with the Ilame of the member written at the base, so that the police or others. in the el'ent of an accident, would know whom to call. :'Ilan} employers. my firm among tbem. "ould be only too pleased, I am sure, not only to permit their <.:;t pable employees to succour the afflicted, but also to pro\'ide at thei; own cost cenain first aid necessaries. By adopting this suggesti.,!l. lIe should h:ne an importam and inexpensi\'o ambulance system tint II'0uid al once be appreciated by the public and to an extent pro\'e most effectil·e I t is ,,·ell to train the police in ambulance work, but it must be f>orne in mind that in the el'ent of an accidenr they ale more ollen lequiled for OLher duties, and I·o!tlnteers must be relied on.

Trusting this suggestion may lecelle due consideration at he:td quaners, and assming you that I am at their sell'lce to furtber same, I remain, yours truly, +6. Cannon Street. ARTHl'R T. DALE. 9th December, I 97.

[ We thank :'Ilr. Dale for !:is letter: If his 5ugg-e5tion OUl, it would be a step in the dl rectI on of an :\ m buiance 2oerl'lce for London. \Ye shall be pleased to receil'e and puhlish the names of those filllls I\' ho are willing to second :'Ilr. Dale's efforts.-Ell.]

FIRST AIn BY TELEPHONE.-.\ curious C,lse of" firST aid , occurred at Chelmsford on :'\ol'emher 3mh last. fhe ignition tube of a large Ras engine at the engineering Ilorks of :'IIe5srs: Chllsty Bros., burst In the face of the engine-dril'er, burllLOg :Lnd cultlng hIS face and eye;:. :\Ir. Leonard Christy, of the firm, at oace Lelepbonl'u to i\lessr5. Crompton and Co., of the Arc \Yorks, and asked for aS5Ist.anc.e by telephone-of Supt. 'Vhi.tebead of the :\rc 1\ orks I?"·I.SIO:> :\1r. "'hitehead at once replied. and In :lll wei to :'II!. Chrrst} description of the accident :ll1C injuries gal'e dlrec[Juns as to first Lreatment. The injured man li as aftell\'ilrds remol'ed Into Chelmsford, where he was medically

1Lifc $a\)ing $ociet\?

PRIZE ESSAY O::l" SWI.\1MING AND LI FE SAV I KG.

By :\[I5S ADA WITHALL.

(.Jfember of the So ciety a1ld HOlt. Sec. Pit/my Ladles' IS. C.)

In these times when to be a good sportsman" is held tantamount to the possession of most qualities worth having, no apology is needed fo r an article ha \ ing for its object the furtherance of one of those sports whose influence has helped to make England what she is, a nation of sportsmen, and one in the first rank of nations. The influence of sport, morally, mentally, and physically, can hardly be over-estimated. Sport, considered generally, tends to cultil'ate a sense of justice, and promotes fair open dealings: it engenders pluck, endurance, and selfreliance. Its results o n the nen'ous system are hardly less benefirial, and e5pecially nowadays, wben most of us live at more or less high pressure, we cannot afford to neglect any pastime which benefits both character and body hy its hea.lthy and invigorating nature. I n addition to the general benefits of sport in which it shares, the following po ints of "antage may be claimed for swimming. It plays an important part in the physical del-elopment, the muscles are hardened and strengthened, and it is said to be the only exercise that brings every pJ.rt of the body in to acti\ ity. Both digesti"fi and respiratory organs in the g eneral g ood. The arm movement deyelops the chest, in creasing its capacity; breathing is carried on in deep, regular motions, ;l1ld the improved respiratory action assists the circubtion and purification of the blood. \Yhat strengthens the body, par COIZs h;lIent, strengthens t1e mind. Let us hope the c'ay is not far distant when a knowledge of swimming \\"ill be considered as TXDlSI'E\'SABLE A PART OF GEXERAL EDUCATION as an acquaintance with the three R s. (1nc.; learnt, it is never forgotten, and may be indulged in at any season, as public baths in most parts of the collntry remain open all the rear round. Another advant1ge is that not only is it a delightful and heJlth-giving but a pre-eminently useful one as well, as its kno\Yledg-e may lead to the sa"irJg of o ne's own life, and that of others. Our historical kno\\'ledge of slyimming is gleaned chiefly from old literary and hisiorical \\Titings, and drawings of mosaics; and from bas-reliefs and other monuments of ancient times. As the mention in the writinas rderred to is us.ually more casual than speci fic, and we are obliged to supply the defiCIenCIes from the old monuments, our knowledae of the history of the art may be said to be in some measure though in many instances the e\·idence is so cODclusi\'e as La make these deductions almost positil e. The :,\imrod Gall ery of the British Museum affords a sound basis for conjectures as to the acquaintance of the nata tory art possessed by the ancient s There is no doubt that in most it. \\'as held in the greatest esteem. Among the B.rahmllls, E g-YJltIans, and Assyrians bathing and swimming were hIghly "alued. We conclude from study of some of the bas· reliefs that the SIde stroke I\'aS not unknO\Yn to the Assyrians, and what lIe call the Trudgen seems to have been long familiar to the Indians and other races, so. that theory advanced by many Sll'lmmers that SIde stroke SWllDmlll a IS of comparati';ely recent oriain is not to be relied upon. The Greeks and Romans considered mingo an cssential part of education, and among the Sp a rtans it was IXCU'llED [:'01 THE CT;RRICULU:\1 OF :\llLITARY DISCIPLINE. The feat of the Roman patriot Horatius is too well known to need comment, and among other individual swimmers are recorded the famous names of Julius C-esar, Cat;) the philosopher, and his son , ?on? the Emperor Augustus and his nephew. \.\Te find mention of s\\·In;mIng. practIsed by the Roman ladies; and it was cultivated by the IIlhabnants of Byzantium (Constantinople). The Roman Baths II ere .though the part allotted to swimmers was generally small In comparISon WIth the rest of the building. The famous baths built.2r7 A.D. by Aurelius. Antoninus Bassianus (Caracalla) magnIficent, both as regards sIze and fittinas. With Rome's decadence theyractice swimming fell gradually disuse among th'e great natIons. but lt was encouraged by the Franks, and Charlemagne of later was an swimmer, and it was practised also by the tnI-es of Poetry and romance combine with history to s.hol\' that. sWlmmll1g IS not an art of modern development The ancIent EnglIsh poem.•. Beowulf," gives an account of a contest between two \\'ho, If. tbe tale m<1.y be credited S1\am togetber for five days III the opell In roug:h, cold weather. The story of Hero and Leander has been ImmortalIsed by Christopher Marlowe, shepherd, poet, and plaYWrIght, and by Byron anu Hood. 1'Ilany writers have made mention of swimming. among others Shakespeare, and Burton auth.or of .• Anatumy of :'lelancholy," but there are no specmll}i WI t h the subject Lill the sixteenth and centunes at periods there aTe some curious works, and those eyen of later date much to be desired in their treatment. During the balf of thIS century swimming has hecome more popular, an? slllce the PU?I.lc Baths and. \.\7 ashhouses Act 8+6 came into fOlce.' greater faCIlItIes f01· learnll1g to swim have Leen afforded the publiC

TEACHI)lG CLASSES AND INDIVID U ALLY

In swimming, the arm and leg movements must be performed in

unison, each s u pp lem en ting t h e other but i i s the p ro p elli n g ac ti o n of the legs whi ch drives the body th roug h th e wa er , while t he arm m ovement, supplementing and com pl et ng h e act o n of h e le gs, se rve s i ts special office of steering . T eac h ers often are at great p ains t o ex p a i n and demonstrate to their pupi ls be fore entering the water th e actio n of the arms, while that of the legs receives but secondary co n sideration, the result being that, for one learner ·with a passable leg stroke, there are perhaps half-a-dozen who are devoting most of their attention to their arms, and with an immensity of endeavour make little progress on account of their imperfect leg action. Class teachi ng has the twofold advantag-e of saving the time of the instructor, wh o can demonstrate and conduct a practic e for several as effic iently as for one, and of being more interesting to the learners who are influenced by that spirit of emulation which has brought class teachi ng generally into popularity. The pupIls feel more confidence when they make the ir first attempts in the water if the pre iminary train i ng on land h as heen sound. The teacher should explain the reason for the several actions, and the parts played by each in the support and prop uls ion of the body in the water.

THERE ARE TWO GOOD METHODS OF TEACHING the action of swimming on land, one in which the lea movements are taught in separate acts, and one the same other respects, teaches a combIned leg mOI'ement. ThIS second method is advocated by ;.\lartin and J. and other writers, both ha\'e been a pI:actical by the Saving Society this season, and as yrelrmll1ary InstructIon lIttle to be desired. \.\Then the leg action IS understood, that of the arms should be learnt, and the combined action of arms and legs thoroughly m:l.stered before the pupils enter the water. Beginners, who have no idea of the necessary movements, their p.ower to keep themsel ves afloat, show a tendency to hurned, and Illcomplete movements, one has only to be present at some of these first attempts and note the I nstructor's constant endeavours to obtain from the pupil a long steady stroke, to be convinced of the desirability of proper instruction upon land. For individual instruction the teac.her u<;ually walks up and down the side of the bath, supportIng the pupIl by means of a pole to which is attached a broad band of webbing passed round the chest and under the arms of the learner. For the tezcher this is tiring, owing to the effort of holding the pole at arms length, that the pupil's hand may not the side of the bath. An easier way is to teach from a plank placed across the bath when a cord is all that is necessary. A lady, who believes in individual instruction and been most successful in teaching, informs me that always goes ll1to the water with her pupils, and gives what support IS needed by a finger placed under the chin, or a hand on the waistband. says that, from the teacher's point of view, there may be objectIons to th.ls method, because of the fatigue of walking backwards and fonyards In the ·water, the result, as far as the pupils concerned, IS hIghly satisfactory. The vici:1ity of the instructor Imparts confidence to a nervous learner, and the latter unconsciously more on her own exertions than would be the case if supported by a slIng or girdle. While advocating individual teaching in the water when pr:tcticable, it is nevertheless obvious that for schools and large .numbers, artificial aid may well be employed to lessen the excessIve labour that would otherWise fall upon the instructor. At the Portsmouth Corporation Baths

A OF rUPILS ARE TAUGHT AT ONCE by.means of an ap,Pliance consisting of <I: pole across the bath from whIch hang ropes With webbed bands attached. Of other devices the blue life - buoy is one of the best. The closed canisters can be removed from the belt, one by one.' and the support afforded by the buoy thus gradually lessened. BeSIdes these there are a number of other deyices of a more or less useful character. iVit h regard to b r eathing it is to be regretted that teachers do not insist upon their pupils making a study of the pr?per method of A. practical knowleJge of the moment to lIlhale and to expel a 11- IS ll1dlspensable to the attainment of excellence in swimming, and it might well he tauaht in the first instanc:, an essential pa r t of its the'Jry. It is usuaJly left to learners to for themselves, and the result is a lamentable want of method, the pupils even when they have acquired a fair stroke and of. taking breath anyhow and anywhere, somet i mes holdlllg lt dunng several strokes, a most exhausting habit w h ich if persisted in, will prove fatal. both to power and speed. It not 'be plac.e to quote .here one or two opinions w hich appeare d some Ime ago 111 the Br1Jhsh 11ledical Journal "upon the cause of t he sudden death that sometimes o\'ertakes the strongest of swimmers."

One. doctor "laryngeal spasm by suddenly partIcles of splay as a probable cause. SWImmers are adVIsed to breathe through the nostrils, " especially when swimminG' on the ch est a head wind." A swimmer who does not the art of cannot looked upon as expert. Another doctor says, the act of resplratlOn must be synchronous WIth the forward stroke of the arms, the interval with the swimmer's rest upon his stroke and the act of in!'piJation WiLh the downward and moveme'nt of the arms, which helps to expand the chest, and also raises th e mo u t h clear above the su r face of the water at the proper momenL."

Januar y, 189 ·8 J FIRST

BREAST STROKE.

Th er e is a ten dency among some of the more modern teachers to begin t h e over-arm stroke, but usually breast-swimming is tilught first, a n d III many ways recommends itself to beainners. For instanc e a novice wi ll throw himself on the chest in h the water with bo d n ess h an on tbe side or back; he sees where he is going-, and the head can be kept above water more easily than in side-swimmina

Vh en t h e stroke is mastered and fear of the water o\'ercome swimmer recognises in order to make way, the body be extended as far as pOSSIble, and the head lie low in the water a stronO' regular stro k e with a long forward reach, is a sine qua ll'on a a.ction cannot be too strongly emphasised, and 'l. WIde vigorous kIck lS I!1dlspensable, for it is chiefly by the propelllllg movement of.the legs that the body is forced through the water, the supplementll1g the action of the legs by a long reach forward, cuttll1g a passage through the water, and controlling the direction of the body The is well adapted for distance swimming, and when speed IS not a deSIderatum; as the chest and shoulders iIi th s posit!on to the water. In saving life lS l11to .requ lsltlOn when the drowning person, beIng capable of obeylllg dll'ectlOns, his hands upon the shoulders of the rescuer, who, swimming on the breast, bears him safely to land.

BACK STROKE.

Back-stroke swimming presents no difficulty to anyone acquainted with the breast stroke The swimmer, turning on his Dack uses his legs as i n the breast stroke, and may either assist them with' a g-entle paddling of the hands, or, more correctly, employ tbe arms in a sculling motion. :vIany s\\'immers do not use the arms, but hold them to sides, or on the hips, or cross them on the chest or behir;d the back.

I is curious that Englishmen who are before everythina of a practical turn of mind, have paid scant attention to a of swimming which is of vital importance in saving life. W ith slight variations, the means and ways of rescuing a drowning person resoiYe themselves into the same primary parts, and it is worthy of note that in the first, second and third methods of rescue taught by the Life Saving Society, back-swimming is essential. In these the rescuer approaching and seizing the drowning person in such a way that clutch is impossible, swims on the back carrying the other over or in front of him

SIDE STROKE.

Before over-arm swimming came into \'ogue, the old -fashioned side stroke, in which the upper arm makes a sweep round beneath the water was generally adopted for racing, and was supposed to be the fastest mode of progression in the water. The old side stroke has been almost enti r ely s u perseded by the over -arm, from which the maximum of speed is to be obtained. This stroke, pre-eminent among racing men, is said t o h a ve been brought into favour by a shoeblack named IIarry Gu rr Earlier side swimmers used the breast stroke leg movement. and swimming on the side during the upper-arm stroke, recovered upon the breast. Modern record men have proved that, for speed and comfort, the body should remain quite on side, both during the pull and recovery T here are many nriations of the leg-kick, but none to equal the curious screw -like action made famous by ::l" uttall, Tyers, Derbyshire and others Adyocates of over-arm swimming contend that, once mastered, it is less fatiguing and more useiul tban the breast stroke. To the learner, however, it presents yarious difficulties. The ch ange in the leg-kick seems a serious obstacle to pre-eminence in both styles; and beginners often find a tendency to roll oyer on to the chest, and difficulty in following a straight course.

I n over-arm swimming the head lies ·ery low in the water, and breathing m u st be carefully regulated, inspiration taking place during the recovery of the upper arm , I n life saving, the chief point in favour of the over-arm stroke is its superior rate of speed in the approach of the drowning person. A curious fact noticeable in connectiun with the side stroke is that those who are considered highly efficient show the least ability in carrying a person in the water. For short distance racing, and in water-polo many swimmers use a sort of double oYer -arm stroke, called the T rudgon, which was little known in England before the summer of 1873, when J Trudgon, from whom it takes its name, first brought it before the notice of the public in a handicap, which he won easily, creating quite a sensation by his novel mode ofprogres3ion.

T h s stroke is very fast, but too fatiguing to be generally used excep t fo r sh o:t d ista n ces. 1 r udgon learnt it in So u th America, and it is a hvo ur ite stroke of t h e I ndian and West African natIves.

F LOATING

T his graceful an d enjoyab le accomplishment is affected not only by s wimmers, but a lso by some who, with only a scant knowledge of swimming, yet show considerable ski ll in floating, nerl"ousness being in such cases an u nknown quantity

O n the other ha nd, the tendency of the legs to sink, often makes float ng a malter of difficulty to swimmers, especially when the chest capacity is uneq ual to the muscular development anJ weight of the lowe r l imbs.

Th e body m ll st be straight, chest fully inflated, head thrown back, lying lo w n th e wate r, a nd he arms at full stretc h above the head.

AI D. 253

A goo d deal. of pr<l;ctice. is sometimes necessary before the exact bal'7 nce IS acqu.lred whIch wIll enable the body to easily, without r ollmg on the SIde, the .to rest motiOJiless on the surface. As a rest and cbange of pOSItIOn after a lona swim and in savinO' lIfe, a knowledge of fioating is often invaluable.

DlVING

D.iving is not merely a luxury, but is frequently an important factor ?f lIfe, savIng. Its courage, judgment, and practi c::!. Ce n est que Ie premIer pas coilte," as the French have it, and after the first plunge conhdence IS gradually established. The learner should stand on the edge of the bath, feet together, arms stretched o\'er the head.bent between, and lean o\,er till he falls into the water After he wIll not find much difficulty in learning the low (\s he galllS and experience the height of the dive should be lncreasecl There IS a m1.tel'lal difference in the ml.nner of enterina shallow a?d de=p water. The best start in racing is agooj WIth plenty of" way." Apart from trick and fancy dl\TIng may be classed as :-The skimming plunge, for very shallow water and for racillg. Low dive, usually made from about three feet abov.e the surface. High dive, of \\"hich there are t\\"o forms-the ordm.ary high when the motion of the b ody at a downward angle lS caused pnnclpally by the thr?wing up of the leg5 and. the smarter style,. when a leap IS taken lnto mid-air, the body straIghtened almost hOrIzontally, the arms turned quickly towards the and the legs brought up. The running header, made from the Side of a b'lth, or from a spring board. The diver, approachina at a run,. throws hIS arms a.nd the tbe body mg mto th: water as In the hIgh dIve \\ Ith prartlce, an obstacle at the edge ot the bath may .cleared without at all de racting from the style of the Deep dIVIng IS not much except by tho-e who follow lt for a lI\'elihood, as III the IndIan pearl and "-est Australian oyster fisheries. In deep di\-ing the pressure of the I";ttel on the tympanum lS apt cause and those who are su bje ct to ear weakness should not mdulge In any but low and shallow dilin D' Care should be exercised in diving- from a great height, especially water;. and e\'en in deep water, if the descent becllllflsily mad e, Injury to the dl\'er may en s ue.

LIFE A:\D DA:-\GERS. of a fellow-creature from drowning must bring with it a satlsfactlOn far beyond any pleasure gained from suc cess in ra cina, or record for speed swimming, and every slYimmer should '1 thorough practical knowledg-e of the best wars of rescuing a person in dIstress, and of restoring animati o n to the app:trently drowned. first organised attempts to te:1ch the theory and practice of resuscitation "'ere made by the Royal Humane Society, founded in 177+. I he exercises and modes of rescue a::lvocated by the Society are in use at a few of the public schools and on training ships. The Australasian Humane Society is on a larger scale than the English, and carries Out its operations in a more thorough and systematic way. America combines its life-saving and lifeboat services, and the united States Life Saying sen-ice is one of the largest in the world. Of \·olunteer sen-ices of the kind first and foremost stands our Royal ::l"ational Lifeboat Inst.tution, dating from 1S24, in whose annals countless heroic deeds finci fitting mention. 1t is, however, since the formation of the Life Sal'ing Society, in 18gI, that the subject has been taken up in real earnest by swimming clubs, associations, and many public and pril·ate schools. In all parts of the Bri:ish Empire, lectures and practical demonstrations are g-i \'en by the officers of the Society, to whose disinterested and untiring efforts is due the widely increasing interest in the aims of the Society, which endeavour.; to show tbat swimming, so often cultivated as a mere sport, may be raised into a means of incalcUlable benefit to mankind. It is encouraging to note the large increase in the number of classes of instruction during the past year. The announcement of the first 'ational Life Sa\'ing Competition in rS91, WAS RECEIVED WITH and since then many similar contests have been prom'Jted. Among the most useful are those conducted by the London Schools Swimming Association, for boys and girls attending the London elementary schools A special feature of the Life Saving Society is that in teaching its four distinct and excellent methods of rescue, the danger to the rescuer from the clutch of the Jrowning, is pro\'ided for in each case. The rescuer is taught to make the approach in such a way that the danger of being clutched is reduced to a minimum. Should he, hO\\"ever, find himself in the grasp of the drowning man, he has at his command three valuable methoCls by which he may free himself. Both rescue and release drills are taught first on land and afterwards in the water. The first three methods of rescue are speCIally adapted for s,I\'ing persons who have lost self-control a?d cannot be trusted to obey directions, or who have become unconscIous. The fourth method IS ntended for rendering assistance to a swimmer suffering from cramp or exhaustion The three well-known ways of restoring animation to the ap parently drowned, the Silvester, Howard, and methods, are described in the Society's Handbook of but the first is the one recommended, and required of candIdates lL the eXil mi nation for the certificate 'l.ward, but for the higber award, the B ronze M eda l a k nowledge of all thr ee is necessary ,

FIRST

5WnI:-.!T:-.1G .-\5 A PART OF :\':\.T!O:-.1AL

To those interested in the p:1.stime, it i.s gratifying to see what immense si!riues it has made of bte years 1I1 popular favOlll> and to observe the increased facilities afforded the pu?llc for and praclicinO' an art \'aluable, b'Jln from a hygienic standpoll1t, and by reason li':e and .life saying qualities. :\ k.nowledge 0: swimming and life saving as an part of the education of e\ery boy and girl. is a nltional beneht ll1 the gift of the futllle, to the prt'sent our ackno\\ ledgments are due for many ad\'al:tages It has brouO'ht us. In 1891 the petition of the SOUlhern. Counties Amateur .\ssociation that swimming might be Il1cluded among the subjects of instruction at the Boar.d Schools gra?ted by the Education Departl11enL of the Pnvy Council. alyl both S\\ Immll1g and life-sa\'inO' are no\\' talJO'ht in many of our schools. In June, 189 6 , the London School Doard" passed a resolution further extending and facilitating the teaching of swimming to children attend1l1g Its .schools.

The subject b also most successfully promoted In .Leeds, Nottmgham. Li\'erpool, :\fanchester. Glasgo\\, &c: The rctllln .Iosued by the School Board for London, states that dunng the batl:lI1g 7eason of 18 9 6 23, 209 children froJl1 the \'arious schools recen'ed mstructlon and 7.007 were taught to swim. .-\ certificate 15 by Board to any boy able to swim 40 yards and to any girl able to s\\,lm 20 yal:ds. Certificates h:t\'e also been granted by the London Schools Association and other todies. E\'en in union schools sWlmll11ng IS ehcouraged. It is quite a feature of the physic;:al training at our public schools and in many pri\'ate educatIOnal establIshments as well.

" (Signed) ":'lIAR

A\\'Aflll BY THE LIFE SAYl:\,G SOCIETY.

The conditions ha \ ina been complied with, :'I1iss Ada Withall (whose signature" :\Iartyn" to be), Hon. .of. the Putney Ladies S.C., was declared successful and the pnze, conslst1l1g of a medal suitably engraved, \\'as in due to her. It ." Ill, we think, be generally admitted, that the many subjects that had to be dealt \lith, the essay IS 111 e;cellem.and worthy of the subject and occasion. The credIt of ong1l1atl11g of giving prizes tor essays on s\\'imming, belongs to the ::\atlonal Swimmiug Society, which bodya\mrded pnzes to :\lessrs. J.ames :\1ason in 1833 and A. i\I. Payne in 1840. That by Mr. ;\Iason, 15 an exceptionally well-written work, :\11'. Payne c?vers the same groun?, but concludes with a descriptive poem from whIch we quote the followlI1g :" Oh s\yeet's the; 5wi,nmer's meed, to gain the God-like gift It to save" ",Yhile floating 'mid the glitt'ring bean:s that kis.s the ambient "'ave! " He O'ives his actil'e sinews yet a heartIer, healthIer tone, to sal e other !i\'es, in\'igorates his own."

From I840 further uone in this direction, until in IS85, the Llandudno offered two prizes of £5 5s. aml£2 2s.respectively, for the best essay on s\\imming, the a\\'ard to be made at the North ·Wales Eisteddfod held in Llandudno on September 29th of that year. The judO'es Dr Hunter Barron and fill. R. \Yatson, made their award in ,'""il Desperandum," this being the signature of :\[1'. R. Sandon, \\'ho at present is the President of the Amateur Club, with reference to whose work it was stated in the papers at the time, that Based on scientific principles :\11'. Sandon's production is particularly gOJd" and it merits considerable praise.," It will then be noted that :'Iliss Ada Withall is one of who ha\'e had. the distinction of winning a prize for essays in connection \\'ith swimming.

THE CO);,DlTIO:-.1S OF THE PHIZE ESSAY were:-Introdllction with historical notes-Teaching swimming in classes and individually-The breast, back, and side stroke, (showing their \'allle in saving life from drowning)-Floating-Diving (from tbe surface and otherwise) - Life Saving-:\1ethods and dangersSwimming as a part of national education. The essay was not to exceed +,000 \\old:;, the manuscript had to be typewritten and deli\'ered not later than September 1st, 1897. signed \\'ith a 1I01l de plume of the author's o\\'n selection, the signature with full name and address, enclosed in an enn'lope to be opened in the presence of the judges when the award was made.

\Doluntccr Blnbulance $cbooI of 3nstructioll.

BOIIElIIL\N

The President, l\lajor Andrew i\laclure, V.D., took the chair at this smoking concert on the 9th ulL, at St. l\lartin's Town lIall, when the prizes won by the men under tmining in the school were presented by l\1 ajor-General H. Trotter, commanding the rIome District. A most enjoyable evening was spent, the rrogramme being varied with song and dance and feats of skill and strength with bayonet, sabre and foil. A large number of the commanding officers of the Yeomanry and \" olun teer Corps of the Home District were present, among the guests being Surgeon-l\lajor General J. Jameson, l\l.D., Di:'ector-General Army :'IIedical Department, and Surgeon-:\Iajor General J. B. Hamilton, l\I.D., Principal Medical Officer, Western District. The brilliancy of the uniforms worn by the officers and the handsome dresses of the ladies formed such a pictur e of colour, which cannot be repre-

AID. [January, 1898.

sen ted even by the admilable photograph taken by the flash light by Messrs. Russell and Son.

Major-General Trotter in the of his remarks, comI?limented the men on their prize winning, and saId what a grand thll1g It was for soldiers to have amhulance help given on the field of battle. lIe remembered when he \\'as a young man asking an old officer who had heen wounueJ how he was treated: -" We had no doctor," he replied, " we had to aet well as best we could." He believed the Crimean \Val' was the firstboccasion when a systematic attempt at nursing and medical attention was made, and it was owing chiefly to the efforts of l\Iiss Florence (Applause.)

\Vithout casting any reflection upon other artistes, .may safely say th;(t the pieCe rie1'tsistallCl! of the evemng was the recItation of .the charge of the Light Brigade by Quarter-l\J,lster -SergeantJ. A. SmIth.

It was given to the accompaniment of bugle call and the roll of the drums, and i: was the privilege of those present to see on the platform a member of the LiO'ht BriO'ade itself, Sergeant Herbert, who actually rode throuO'h the " of death.' ;\1r. Smith recited the poem in a manner m';st dramatic and touching, and, needless to my, the applause \\':1.S deafeninO' and was repeated again and again, ,\'hen Sergeant Herbert rose returned thanks, not for himself as he said, but on behalf of the Light Brigade and with special mention of the Heavy BriO'ade which did such bra\'e work. :\11. Ben was excellent, as onebwould expect, as the broken-down jockey, and l\Iaster .Cyril Bruce, with his fine and clear voice, so delighted the audience that Jt reqmred all the efforts of the chairman to resist the encore ·whlch time would not permit. The reel of the pipers of the London Scottish R.\". highly pleased the company, especially those who h1.iled from the north of the Tweed. The trumpeters of the Life Guards and the buglers of London Rifle Brigade also contributed to the programme. Credit must be gi\'en to Sergeant-:'I1ajor anu H. Bussell, who were the stage-man:tgers, tor the excellent manner 111 which they performed their duties.

The followinO' took prizes. viz. :-Advance Class-Best man, Pn\"ate R. F. Fuller, L.R.B. best team, 2nd Y.B.R.F., Private Brent, LanceCorporal W. Cabburn, S. Sergeant Private ·Watkins; :'Ilembers.-Best me:! -I. Corporal WIllIamson, :\1. Y.C 2 ,\. Hahn, A P.O.C. 3. Printe E. R. Butler, L.R.B.; 4. PnvateJ. h :\lacmahon, C.S.R.V. Best team-Winners of the IIamilton Challenge Bowl-I. Army Postal Corps-,\cting-Corporal !. Ralph, J. R. Salter, .-\cting-Corporal. S. S. :'IIlddlesex e?manry Cavalry-Sq.·Sergeant-:\IaJor W. Scott :\ltller, Corporal C. "\VIlhamson, Lance-Corporal C. Bro\\'n, Trooper C. W. Blackman.

1RaiIwa\? Blnbulance.

GREAT RAILW.I.Y, C.'{EDISFORD.-A large" first aid ., class has recently been held at Chelmsford Station, G.E.R.,. the lecturer being Dr. ]. Elsdale [\[olson, who gave SIX hlgbly apl)recmted lectures. Mr. VV. P. ,Vhitehead assisted in the bandagl11g and stretcher instruction. The examinttion took place on Tuesday, 30th, under Dr. Elliston, of Ipswich.

CHATHA)'l A:\,D DOVER RA1L\\Ay-PRESD1TATIO;o; OF CERTIFICATES, &C.-.\t a Smoking Concert ::It the "Freemasons' Tavern on the 15th ulL, :'Ilr. r. S. Forbes, the Chairman of the company, presented the medallrons. hadges and certificates to 2 I8 members of the staff, Lord Harris and the Chairman were supported, hy l\Ir. Brand :\lr. John Morgan, :'Ilr. William Forbes, Mr. "\V. Thomson :'I.[r. Jobn S. Bates, .\[r. Lat!... (secretary, Great Railway): ':\1r. W. Jones (secretary of the D.istricL Railway), i\lr. Buckmaster (superintendent, South-Eastern Rallwayl, the Iillayor of :'Ilaidstone,;\[r. J. ,Fryer (Great Eastern Railway), Sir Perrott, Bart. (secretary, St. John Ambulance Dr. :'IIJines Hey, John Furley, Esq., :\laJor :\lallet, i.\lr. W. h Ed",;\rds, Slllgeon-CaptaJl1 Rawnsley, :\lr. Walter Rowley, lIIajor-General Terry, Deputy-Inspector Coates, :\Jr. W. H. :'I\organ, Surgeon-:\lajor.General Jam.eson, Dr. Swayne, Dr. Fenoulhet, Dr. Heaton C Howard, Dr. Pye OllYer, :'Ilr. John L. :\lorgan and i.\fr. J. E of the S;h:ttham Dover Company. ;\11'. A Sire, the Bntlsh representatl\'e of the ;":onl:ern Railway of France was unavoidably pre\,ented from attendll1g.

A .pleasant feature of the gatheri ng was the presence of Mr. J. F. S. Goouay, the newly-appointed nULnager of the Brighton Railway, who met with a. yery cordial recepllon abke from friends and from the Chatham and Dover employes. Before making the presentation, My. J. S Forbes, who, on rising, was received with prolonged cheers, said that the Chatham al.1J Do:v er Company had just passed throug'h many financ.ial other dlfficultJes, and he had often felt far less bappy tacll1g dlsapp01l1ted shareholders than he did in meetillg," that great gat.hering of the staff. (Laughter.)

After some general remarks the chaIrman to say that the object of their meeting that night was the of medals and certificates tJ the succe3sful members of the company s SL. John Ambubllce Association, and he woulll like to say how deeply he and the other directors felt the devJtion and public of the doctors, who gave their valuable time to instructing men how to give first aid to the

January, 1898.] FIR ST AID.

and equally ?f railway employees who gave their time to qua hfyll1g themseh'es 111 thiS good work without a thought f peeuDlary return. The sitfety ofrail way travelling was really and the record of the Chatham and Dover company, which carried more passengers per mile than any other system in the country-exce t of course, tl:e underground lllles-:vas one of the best. For year! years thel e had been no fatal acclden t on their system but d' L occur any hou!', timely aid such as that the S't tlOn mIght. save life, or, at least, permanent injury and reat suffellng. The allTIS of the association were of the hiO'hest a 'L bronze medals, representing, as they did, the free of tol: noble should be honoured as much as the medals given to the army for servIce to the Stat.e. (Cheers.) Tn conclusion, he announced that a letter had been recelved from Lord Knutsford the 'd t the association, regretting that he could not

Later 111 the ;dr. Forbes, in a few kindly words, in which stated hls work extended from 1831 to 1897, ,,-ishing all present good night, expressed the great pleasure it had given them all. to have G60day, the newly-appointed general manaO'er of the Bnghton Railway, With them that night. They all, he was gave a very. hearty welcome as a neighbour and wished lon a prosperity, and success. (Loud cheers). :\1r. Gooday bnefly replied, the evenll1g cl03ed with" Auld Lang Syne." An cellent programme of songs and musichad been arranged by Ml'. Herbert Sc?artau-a Chatham and Dover official-which was much A speCIal feature was exquisite violin solos by.:\1. Tivadar Nac!lez, marvellous rendenngs of Hungarian dance and other mUS1C ?ft.he was fo!lowed \\'ith wrapt attention and heartiest apprcclatlOn by the great gatherl11g. The company is to be congratulated on the enthUSiasm and esp1'!l de corps s'lOwn by the staff.

$t. 30bn tl1llbulance :fl3rigabe. METROPOLITA)J' CORPS.

TOY:'-JBEE BALL.-Classes :in "Ho:1,e have been arranO'ed to take place at Toynbee Hall, Commercial Street, as follows :-For men, by W. J. l\I. EWes, M.D., commencing January for .Alfred Edd0wes, commencillg 2nd 'For flll thel pal bculars npply to Superll1tendent Secretary W. H. Winn T oynbee Hall. y,

.T HE members .of St. John's Gate No.2 Division will have their thlrd Annual SOCial Concert! at the Sessions IIouse IIotel, on Thursday, January 13 th 1898, wIll be very glad to have the company of any members of the bngade.

THE JE\\'ISH SY:-.1AGOCUE PARADE.-I5 members of the l\[etropolitan Corps, under the comm(lnd of Superintendent Hayman (:\Ietropolitan Corps), attended the above on Sunday, the 19th December.

The state of parade was 1 _I staff sergeant, 1 sergeant, and 12 The squad fell 111 a.t the T'ietherlands Club, Bell Lane, E., and mal ched to Aldgate StatIOn, where they entrained for West Hampstead. Here they formed up again, and marched to "\Vest Synagogue! vhere the service was held. After service they \\ele m,lIched back agall1.to \Vest Hampstead Station, where, after a few words the superIntendent, they were dismissed. Superintendent Hayman III the men, expressed his pleasure at being the officer to take the JewIsh members of the briO'ade to a SynaO'oO'ue Parade for the first ti me, more especially as he attended Church parades during the 9 years he had been an officer, and be trusted that .they would endea \'0 m to enlist their friends in the O'ood cause for which they were all working, so that he might lead a far conl!ngent on the occasion of the next Synagogue Parade. of the "\V embley, narrow, and DIVISIOn of above, to the number of between thirty and forty, sat down to their annual supper at the VVorkmen's Hall, on November last. .:'Ill'. J. L. Chapman presided, and there were "also MISS Miss Chief Superintendent :'I1organ, ASSIstant CommiSSioner M.ch enzle, Dr. Goddard, Superintendent Pau.Il.,_ Messrs. J. II. J.P., S. Gaubert, W. Perrin, i\I. MOll]:', A. F dIm ore, and A Cooke (secretary to the SOll.thern Counties Cross Country Association). The chairman hav!l1g proposed "The Queen," and the toast havinO' been drunk Superintendent Allen Paull spoke on the work of the for past year. Their numbers at the present time stood as follows :_ vVembley, fourteen; Harlesdell, thirteen Harrow, nine. They had had as well two hon surgeons and hon. treasurers. Thi s year had seen an extensIOn of the work to Harrow, and until they were strong enough to look after themselves, Mr. Morgan had asked him to look after them. Through the change of management at VVembley they had not been so comfortable there as hitherto. and he to go there any more towards the latter end of the season as he consIdered that .if. their were not worth being asked for they were not worth glVll1g. WIth reaard to the annual inspection he mig.ht say that he had a letter Chief Superintendent Morgan, stat!l1g that Colonel Bowdler was very well sat isfied with the efficiency of the general turn out. li e also complimented the division as being

the best .fitted up di,:,ision attached to the Metropolitan Cor s (Hear) The chairman saId It gave him great pleasure to be 'O'h' It was very satIsfactory to find so man oun .111", t. their. time for the work. It was glv: repol t. from the supenntendent. They had most of th a bOO he was glad to think, but he was given to wante more money. \-Vell, that was a useful material He would suggest to Paull that hel should get a list of as it seemed to hIm much better to have money in hand in times df difficulty, than to go rou.nd In moments of stress. He was lad to see wanted money; It showed their work was going on gI 1 SlOn, he .t hanked them again for the honour they had asking hn;-: to come amongst them. Superintendent Paull next crave t?e the Southern Counties Cross Countr tlOn, couplmg wlth It the name of :'I1r. A. Cooke M CY k 'd that for fou th A " 1'. 00 e sal r years e ssoclatlOn had had the assistance of the bri ad and he could assure them that th at assistance was greatly reco They would be sorry to go to a place where the services of the were not avaIlable. The Ambulance Corps had taught them much and he wou.ld the \'aluable hints which Dr. Goddard ha.d glven to theIr men from time to time, as to how they should train fOI a race T he good result of advice had been seen in recent y;ars. The they receIved from the Ambulance Bri ade appreciated. (Hear). A concert followed' and a vofe of t an s was passed to Ml'. J. L. Chapman PROVINCIAL CORPS.

in the competition for the Challenae Shield dlfferen BIrmingham corps of the St. J ohn bro\\S year by year, and the fou.rth an?ual contest, which took ;lace on December 6th, at the AthletIC Inst1tute, John Bright Street was by: a large company, ·whose enthusiasm was raised at a Ig DItch. chair was taken by Councillor J Lancaster \\ :vas on .the by Mrs. Lancaster and man' wel.l-kn.o\\ n preVIOusly undergone a viva-voce examfnatIOn lQ prIvate, 1\1 whIch theIr theoretical knowledge of the human \:as the compet1l1g squads, numberinO' five in all a eared 111 pU?hc to dIsplay their skill in dealing with injured The exam1l1ers were Drs S. T. Derby-"\Vestoll, C. T. Griffiths, ana E PatIents. appointed to the different flOm a. vanet):, of 111Junes, and. the duty of the squads was to lender first aId, llnproVlse a stretcher Wlth the materials they found at and co.nyey the sufferer over a stone wall, the obstacle bein leplesented Dy a rope across the room, which tbe men mounted by deVIces as dlvertll1g as they were varied. Even:ually it was announced that the Birminghan Police had won the shield with a total of 86 out of a possible IOJ. The winning squad consisted of Messrs. IV. C. Jones, Edwar.d Bennett, H. Chadwick, E. hlTrack, and George Strafford. The Highgate squad came second, onl a slDgle POll1t be.hllld, and the .\Iidland Railway Stleet) men·-had to be WIth thIrd place with a total of 79. SeYern Street was fourth WIth 77, and the Midland Railway (Central) last 75· At the close of the proceedings '\Irs. Lancaster presented sterling silver and valued at 50 guineas-and the Wl.nn1l1g squad was warml), cheered 011 coming forward to claim the pnze. The Police Band, under Band-serO'eant Kelly played a programme of lively music during the eveninO'.'"

IrS\\·ICH.-The 1st Division is again busy \vith the Winter Drills and LecLures. Hon. Fryer and Deputy Commissioner Lieut.CoL EIl!.ston have each gl\'en lectures. The Division has a balance of lOS. 6d. 111 and. year, for the first time since it started, was self.supP?rtJng, requmng 110 grant from the Local Centre' this is very to alL The Local Centre has just made a of a good cel of lOller bandages, &c., and has also ordered a wheeled litter WIth CUShlOll tyres; this will be of great service to us.

LEICESTER.- As announced .elsewhere, a marriage has taken place In of Transport Supenntendent J. E. Roper (Leicester Corps.) ThiS be111?, th.e first tin;te that a uniformed Officer of the Corps has been It was deCided to commemorate the fact by a number of Officers takll1g The Rev. Canon Sanders, D.D. (Chairman of the. Corps) offiCIated, and the Bridegroom was supported by Chief Supenntendent J. H. Buckley, F.R .•-\.S., Superintendent Secretary F: .H. Turn:r, Superintendent Bent (Syston Division). and FIl st Officel "J,V. Stranks (Town DIVISIon), all 5 111 full uniform. When the guests had assel:lbled, the Chief Superintendent presentedahandsome pocket case of lI1struments on behalf of the committee and his brother Officers to Superintendent Roper, who was very surprised and pleased they llad thought of him. W e believe he was the first t o start a Cycle in the The Officers acco:-!lpanied the newly wedded pall' to thestatlOn and gave them an Ambulance Brigade send off. The happy pall' left for London and the South at noon. l\lARCATE.-1n consequence of the sad death of Mr. TrouO'hton we have decided to publish certain newspaper with reference to thlS corps

EXAMINER: "How would you treat fractured spine? JJ

CANDIDATE: "I would p ut a splint down the back so as to keep th e spine/rigid." ,

St. 30bn :ambulance :association.

B INGLEY YORKSIIIRE.-This centre was the outcome of classes commenced' in the autumn of 1893, in connect o n \Iith the P.S.A. movement whi c h was then in its infan cy Shortly after the a nnouncement of ambulance iectures a large number of men of all shades of opinion, political, social, rpligious, and otl:erll'ise, gave .in their n.ames, and two full classes were formed itnd carned through 111 the seSSlOn of that winter. Dr. MacGregor pioneered their efforts with the gratifying result that the whole of the +8 who then sat for examination came out successfully. Feeling that spontaneous efforts unless "backed up" were almost lost, they met monthly during the s ummer of 189 + for practi ce, and in the ensuing winter another class was he d and the whoLe of the students (27) again pas sed -some four of thpm who had in years before obtained their first ce rtificates elsewhere, sec uring the much coveted medallion. In April a committee was formed with Mr. John Greaves as secretary, to whom the after success of the present dil'ision is largely due, and ambulance work Jegan from then to take a definite move. A centre was formed in the autumn o f t he following year with l\1r. James Allen as hon. sec. A syllabus was arranged on the lines approved by the heitd-quarters, and Dr. Angu s took he post of instruct o r; and in the following- spring tbe result of classes beld in the winter showed that all (21) h:td again passed, 12 gaining medallions. In June, 1896, a movement was begun for the provision of appli a nces for the town and neighbourhood of Bingley. A general canvas of the di s trict was made and miniature stations, consisting of a box 7ft high, 2ft. wide, and lOin. deep fitted with stretcher, splints, bandages, pla ste r, carroh oil, aDd other material were erected. By these means appliances are now readily available, as any box can be opened by means of breaking a glass in the door and thus obtaining the key. They also bought an Army" Bell" ten VI' hi.ch they ha ve u sed on several occasions, viz demonstrations, Jubilee, and agricultural show. In January of the present year the b rigade selected a team to take part in the competition promoted from St. John's Gate in c:>mmemoration of tbe Diamond Jubilee. Their first meel was at Le eds and ended in the Bingley team winning one portion of York shire, and later met the remaining portion at the same place and wi t h the same SLlccess, the resul being that they stood at the head of Yorkshire and were called upon to meet the winners of the nQrthern provinc es, but unfortun a tely they bad to be content with defeat. In rec og n iti o n of being the winners of their county they received the Merit l\1edallion from head-quarters, and in addition each member of the team was pre se nted with a si lver medallion at the hands of their presid ent.

BIRi\HNGHAM.-The annual meeting of the Birmingham of the St. John Ambulance Association was held at the Council House on the 6th ult. L o rd Leigh, the president , congratulated the members on the result of thei r endeavours. The seventeenth annual report states t hat clas ses in connection with manufactories have no t been so n u merous as heretofore, and the committee hope that all large employers of labour will use their influence to inaugurate classes in connection with their works. Eighty-five first aid certificates have been awarded to members of the City Police, and nearly the whole force are now qualified to render first aid, a large number holding the;! medallion of the order. The City Fire Brigade are also s pecially instructed, and are perfectly equipped for the rendering of ambulance work. The eighth annual report of the Brigade Committee sets on record that the cases in which first aid had been rendered number 2,845· The number of members on the books is 1,162, an increase of 62; for although Selly Oak and K ew Street (L. and N. ,V. R.) are not now connected wiLh the brigade, additions to its strenath have been received from the Central Station (Goods) M. R., Suffo lk Street, and Hig h gate. T he police have used the ambulances, the property of the local ce n tre, on 102 occasions. There bas been one ca ll rrom the fire alarm boxes On three occasions the ambulances have been lent to p r ivate persons without charge. I n three urgent cases the fire b r igade tender, whilst eng;tged at fi res , has been u se d to convey injured persons to the hospital. The brigade attended the Lifeboat Saturday demonstration in J u ly, also the Charity Sport s and Aston S ports, L ord Leigh, in moving the adoption of the report, dwelt on the aSSIstance rendered the centre by the medical uentlemen wh o so g enero u sly .their time and thoug!:t in the delivery of iectures and the eXamll1atlOn of stude n ts. The number of cases n which first a id had been given - 2,845-was a substantial increase 'o n the record for pre.vious yea;. H .e rejo iced. to think that in the county of the pohce, WIthout a sll1g-le exception, had gained certificates, and h e was glad to know that practically the same state of i n Birmingham ]H r. Gilbert seconded the motion, and It was carned. the motion of the Lord Mayor (Councillor B eale), who w a s p resent with the L ady Mayoress, L ord Leigh WE.S re-elected presiden.t for the ensui.ng J Courtenay L ord, who seconded the matlOn, referred W th satlsfactlOn to the fact that Messrs. Augustus Clay, T homas N elson, and J H Rogers had been admitted honorary a,ssocmtes of the Order of St. John of J erusalem, and M essrs. J R Stam.p and Tozer, honorary serving brothers. In thanking the fo: hiS Lord L eigh sa id the C ounty Co u nci l of WarWIcksh ire gave l11struction in ambulance work in the r technical classes, a n d expressed t h e wish that the system were generall y observed

n the ed u cationn. ! instit u tions of the co u nty and of Birming h am On the motion of Dr Ne l son, seconded by n spector Jones, M r. J H. Rogers was re-elected hon. secretary. Mr. Rogers, in rep lying, said they had reduced the class fees to bona· fid e working men, and that lhe s uccessful working of the centre wa s due in a very large mea sure to the generosity of medica l m e n io delivering lectures free of charue. He mention ed with pleasure th at two larg e cycle fIrms and the Birmingh am \Vagon Company had expressed a desire that their m en should receive ambulance tuilion. He also slated that there was every probability of tbe ce ntre's obtaining a ro r) m for drill and lecturing in the cent re of the o wn. The Naval Brigade w o uld join the 11, and there would no longer be any reason for the resl ri ct ion of the work of the Association.

The annual meeting of the Bradford Centre of the St. J o hn Ambulan ce Association, was held o n the 15th ult at the Town Hal l. Th e Mayor (:\ IL Thomas Speight) pre sided, there beinD' also present Captain Greville, M.P., the Town Clerk (Mr. Dr.]. Browne, DI·. Met ca lfe, Dr. Percy L odg e, Dr. Mitch e ll, Mr W. T. Field, Mr. Rowland (,\rdsley), :\,Ir. Parker (Ardsley), ;\1r. Geor ge Chippendale (local hon. secretary), a nd Mr. Walter Firth (hon. secretary of the police ambulance classes). The atte nJan ce wa s larger than U SUil l. The balance-sheet showed receipt s amounting to £75 4S. Sd., leal ing a balance in hand of £9. The .\[ayor, in moving theadopti m of the report, said it was gratifying to note that so many member s of the city police f orce were able to give effective first aid in cases coming before them; indeed, it was comforting generally to knolV that, eith er by day or nigbt, some member of the St. John Ambulance Association was at hand to render slIch aid (hear, hear). The Mayor testified fr om his own knowledge o he very efficient services rendered by the members of th e A ssoc iati o n during the Jubilee c elebrations, a nd also to the smartness exhibited by the Boys' Brigade at the July demonstration. The m o vement had his hearti es t sympathy, and he s incerely trust ed that it would go o n and in crease in the city (applause). l\1r. A. T. Pri est man m oved a Yo te of hanks to the h on se cretary a n d the commitlee of the association for he serv ices rendered by them during the year. To the secretary their thanks were especially due, for the amount of labour given by him was of no ordinary kind (hear, be:tr).

1\1r. J Bennett seconded the motion, which wa s car ried " ith acclan ation. fIlr. Chippendale, in responding, said it wa s a pleasure to him to work for such a movement as that, which had now become of a re a lly practical character. A vote of thanks to the May or fo r presiding, and o Captain Greville for his attendance, was moved by Dr. Per cy L odge, seconded by l\1r. 'IV. T. Field, a nd carried.

IpS\\·rcH -Th e re is a large First Aid Class at the Young Women's Christian Association Hall, chiefly for it s own members, but ,y ell attended by o utsiders; Dr. W arner's teaching has been most carefully li ste ned to. Fryer is giving a men's class at the S ocia l Settlement. Thoug-h classes are few, owing to the loss of the Technical Education money help, there is no lack o interest, "nd first aiJ is r.o n stantly being rendered by pupils of the Associ a tion.

!Drill ®rbers.

VOLlJ.NTEER A:\1BULA CE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTIO:\T.

A Course of In s truction will be held at the IIeadC] ll 1.rters of the 13th :\liddle sex (Q ue e n 's ·Westminster) R.V., Jame s' Street, S.'V., commen c ing at 8 p.m. on'Vednesday, F eb ruary 9th, 1898, by permission of Colonel Sir Howard Vin ce nt, C.B., YI.P., Commanding Queen's ,Vestmin ster, R .V. Officers, .\"on-co mmissi oned Office r s a nd men who Jre effic ient will he admitted to the class on presentation of application form, properly endorsed by their Adjutant or Captain, and on payment of h e ir subscription, which is 55., and is required to m eet the expenses of the School and to ass ist in the fo r mation of a prize fUI1l!.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GUA.RANTEED BY The Ocean Accident

&Guarantee Corporation

J LIMITED. 40, 42 , & 44, MOORGATE S T REET, LONDON, E. C to whom Notice of Claims, under the follOl.-ving conditions, must be sent wi thi n seven days of accident to the above address.)

£100

will be paid by the above Corporation to the legall'epl' ese ntntive of anyone who is killed l1y an accident to the Passenger 'l'rain (within the United Kingdom Ol Channel Islands), ill which Lhe deceased was a ticket bearing 01' paying passenger, or who sball have been fatally injur ed thereby (s hould cleath result within ninety clays after such accident).

PROVIDED that the person so kil ed or injured had upon his or h e person, or had left at home this ticket , with his, or usual signal lire, wri t ten priOi to the accident , on the space provided below, which, t.ogetliE'r wiLh the gi l"illg ut notice within the ime as h ere inbefore mentioned. is the essence of this contnlct 'l his insurance holds gooet for current issue only, and cill'ries the benefits uf alld is snbject to, he COllilitions of the" OCEAN ACCIDENT &, GUAUANTEE COMPANY, Limited, Act, 1890," Hisks Nos. 2 &, :{.

Corporation admit that the p Ut chasc of this Paper is thelpaymel1t 0 a premium under Section 3,1 of the Act.

The Trade wi be suppl

Ludgate

NOTICE. - The publisher wishes to say t hat l as t month 's issue was ·completelv SOLD OUT , therefore we must ask our readers to send their ord ers in ear ly in t h e month in order to avoid disappointment

:J13 re\)i ties.

T HE question of an Ambulance Sen-ice for London has bee n i n abeyance the last month, although cases are d a il y cropping up sh::)\ving its neces sity, and the followi n g is a n instance:

* *"

a n other column will be seen an account of an i n quest at St. Bartholomew's Hospital (taken from L lo)'ds), presenting t,yO points for ob en-ation. In the first p l ace, a man with crushed ribs was taken to the ho pi tal in a cab, and when he arrived there he ,ras dead. I t would be i n teresting to know whether thi s common m ethod of transport, yiz.: bundling a case of severe inj u ry in t o a cab, accelerated the patient's death. It is quite possible that this rough alld ready manner of lift ing and carrying destroyed whate\·er slight chance oflife th e poor fellow had . It is inct.eed barbarous, that in t his city at the present day uch a cruel and inhuman means of conyey<ng a patient to a hospital should exist.

* *

T HE second point is, that the house surgeon of the h ospi t al stated (as quoted in t h e report), Ie It \\'as as easy for a pa t ient to be carried on men's shoulders from a \·ehi cle as o n an amb ul ance, which would haye had to be fetched from the yard."

?' * ,'$

T HIS is a n extraordinary remark fOl a hou e surgeon t o m ake. \ Ve might a lso say that it is easier to " chu ck" t h e patient from the cab up the steps into the h a ll a n d r o ll hi m into t h e surgery But the question is n ot what is th e easiest thing to do , but what is best, and i n th is case, so m eo n e u ndoubtedly fa iled in their of" fe t chi ng th e a m bulance fr om the yard." "\Y e ,,·ould sugges t th at the porters of S.t. Bartholomew's Hospital shou ld h a\'e some instr u ction l!1 the use of the stretcher.

*

IT is a fact t h at the of injured persons forms n o part of the training of medical students! and if m ed ica l m e n wis h to understand thoroughly ambuhmce w or k , t h ey h a ve t o ta k e it u p as a wbject q u ite distinct fr o m th eir o rd inary m edical or surgical studies . This m ay exp l ain t h e c uri o u s state m ent of the house s u rgeon.

WE hope the practice of carrying patients on men's shoulders at the abo\·e-mentioned ho sp ital 'rill be abandoned. To an ambulance man the idea is horrible.

PERHAPS, in the course'"of time, the public, when injured in our st reet s , will prefer to be carefully lifted and carried on a litter or in an ambulance wagon to being bundled into a cab. *'

THE \-a lue of ambulanc: ,,'ork in collieries is fully shom1 in an article by Dr. R. H Cowan, of Wigan, "'ho describes in graphic la'lguage the good that ha been accom plish ed.

®n Bln bu[ a nc c llUlo r li in 'UUlig a ll anb !D ist r ict.

By R. H. CO\\·A:':, :\LR.C.S.,

H O:--1. SURGEO:': R E. '\"IGA:':.

THERE can be no doubt that the good work inaugurated by the St. J o hn Ambulance Association has been sn fa \'Durably recognised by the m edical profession :tnd community at large, that its influence b:ts spread to an extraordinary extent all Oyel the country. By the good work, I mean the stim.ulation th:tt Society has gi\'en to promote and encourage the atta1l1ment of certam knowledge by any pe r son which may be. of signal sen·ice importance to a fellow creature sudden ly stncken down by aCCident or disease.

In this district of Lan cashir e in which I reside and p r:tctice, there is ha rdly a collie ry yillage that, some time or al;other y ears, ha s not had a class, or senes of classes, for lllstrUCtlon III Flrot _-\id." =' c doubt, I shall be going oYe r ground alre:tdy well wh en I dilate upon the adl·antages that have accrued from thIS instruction. Of co ur se, ,ye :tre fully aware that out of the enormous n umber of both men and women of all cbsses of :-ociety that attend ambulance lectures, :t brge proportion of them neycr do become capable of administering first aid.

.-\. great many ha,·e no real interest in the work, and soon forg-er; all learnt; others rarely have the opportuntl}: to apply the art they acquire, and there :tre not a fel\' who, \I·hen III :tn completely lose their head. I asked a lad): whom I was eXamlnll1g, \I·h:tt s he would do if she saw a m:tn hanglllg by the n ec k. She replled. c. Well, doctor. I knoll' what I ought to do. but I think I should run away." I do not mean to infer that e\'ery bdy scre:tms and in an emergency, far from it. :'\0, I haye seen on m:tnyoccaslons l\"Omen far more collected :tnd cool in the face of sudden danger, than some men would be in s im ilar circumst:tnces HOIYe,"er. r can fully testify to the adyantages that accrue .fr o111 ambulance classes -sometbing more than going to the bec:t use " :;,\11;; or :'I!rs. has been':' and it is "quite the don t. you kno,v,\ P?SS1l1g. the ex amll1atlon and carefully frn.mlllg the certificate. :\ 0. EnthUSIasm should not end there. Of course, many people attend courses of instruction that ne\"er i11lenu to trouble themseh'es in the matter, but I knoll' some who keep well p osted in what bave le:trnt, so that they may be fit for emergency shou ld one anse. .u

As I ha"e, durin g the p:tst f?urtee n rears, conducted a "e number of ambulance classes. I thlllk I am tully en Itled to Jud"e :ts to the extent of [b e kn owledge u ually gaineu, and the ad\·antn.ges that :tre deriyed from Its app li cation. .' :'Ily classes hal'e been among railway men and colliers chIefly. [ had a class in connection wiLh a Y.:'II.C.'., n.nd h:tl·e had some particularly \I·el organ ised and attended classes 111 connection wi t h the " -iga n :\Tining and Techl:1t:al School.

I belie\'e it 'is mainly dne o the enthu51 ::.SI1l of :\Il:- c. :'It Perc}, minin u enD'ineer :tlld principal of the school, and the lllterest he takes in these cbsses, that their success is The men th:tt attend my railway and colliery classes are an lot, imbued \"ith an earnest desire to learn all they can to 11l1l11stel to the

wants of their suffering fellows, and in with work particularly, [ knoll' from personal observatIon and experience to what good u se the acquisit on of has .been turned Vh e n any very serious colliery accIdent Il1volvlI1g n:uch loss of Me occ ur s, the p ublic all over the country about but are constantly happening little disasters tl.e Ives and ltmbs of individ u als which are never mentIOned 111 the press; the frequency and ordinary occurrence not calling for s p ec!al. n?tice. These. accidents happen at times and in where It IS lin possIble, wIthout areat delay to procure the ser v Ices of a surgeon. I refer to the the fractures of bones, im'olving loss of. bhod and m u ch physical pain; here, then , the ambulance man come.s I ha.ve bad men come m my surgery with head b,wdaged arter!al hremorrhaae or limbs with splints on. Even wbde Slttll1g here wr i t ing, I called to my surgery to attend to a miner .from Do u glas Bank colliery with a fractured h u merus. One of the tiremen at the pit, an ambulance pupil of l:line, had applied t\\·? splint and slullothe arm in an impromptu slIng Although the dl.;placement was not reduced yet, the arm was fairly comfortable, more so, than if the man had received no attention.

Consider the circumstances under which colliers work. H undreds of yards down in the bowels of the earth, and maybe a mile or more from the pit shaft. A treacherous piece of roof or coa falls, and maybe ::t worker is maimed. \V hat a delay would ensue if a doctor was sent for. :'\0, a nocmr is rarely sent for to go down to a patient, but h ere are now in nearly e\'ery colliery men who can give first aid, and then the patient istaken to h is home or the hospital as speedily as poss i ble. By this aid being procurable, I know that life has been saved <end a good deal of suffering mitigated. It needs I'ery little aro-ument to show the value of the knowledge, hoI\' to apply a tournior other pressure to restrain bleeding, how to fix up temporarily a broken bone, and to lift and carry an injured person with as little distur:,ance as possi ble. I could gi\'e many instances of the good th'lt is don e , but will content myself with just one more instance. About three months ago, was sent for to go immediately to a certain house to see a young man who had been seriomly burt at G idlow pit, one of the Standisb Coliieries be longing to the Wigan Coal &. Iron Co., and reached the ho u se just before the patient arrived Yith praiseworthy foret h oug h t, the officials had sent a messenger on a b icycle for me The lad W,lS carried home on a stretcher. T h s is tbe account of the accident: The lad was crawling on his hands and knees when a large stone, about half a ton in ,,'eight , fell on to him from a height of about four feet; part of it struck him on tbe shoulders forcing his face on the ground, and lacerating his nose and eyebrow, and then h s r ight foot was crushed a nd torn also His father, who was working w it h him, tied a bandage and cloths round the foot which bled copiously, and then got two long pieces of wood padded with brattice cloth, and with strips of the same material tied the splints on. He was then placed on a stretcher and taken home. 'Y hen T remo\'ed the splints and wrappings, I found a seyere laceration in the sole of the foot exposing the muscular tissue, there were lacerated wounds on bJth sides of the ankle, and the malleoli were both crushed badly - se\-eral loose fragments distinctly felt. T he fibu la was also broken about two inches abol'e the malleolus. There had been a good deal of h::emorrhage. K ow here was a case of compound commin u tf'd fracture with a serious wound in the sole of the foot. The patient assured me he had had \'ery little pain, and the h::emorrhage bad been restrained and the pa r ts kept at rest. How different would ha\'e been his state if he had not recei\'ed first aid. I am fully convinced that owing o the care taken in his remonl, and he sub equent strict antiseptic treatment, the patient n ever had a bad symptom He was well nursed by his mother, and he is now able to walk fairly well aid of a stick, an d has comparatively good movement JI1 the ankle lomt.

In starting an class at a colliery, some official generally to organIse the arrangements. and act as secretary. It is o the cred It of the ma nageme.nt of a colhery that the expense is often borne by them. T he books, bandages, diagrams, etc being provided .the class free of cost A generally the colliery doctor, is 1l1\'lted to gll'e. the lectures and mstruction. An evening is appointed, an? the to take place once a week, the class bemg held 1:1 a sUI.table roo m at tae colliery, or in a neighbouring sc h oo room, whIch IS generally l et free of cost by the vicar or school managers The numberform!ngthe class is generally about or thrce ; am not III favour of l arge classes. The syllabus , as laId down by the St.) ohn A m bula nceAssociation is adhered to. A_s regards my own classes, I al ways ho d several more meetino-s than the number of lectures n official syl!abus as I find it difficult to get through the e\'en III five meetIngs, and de\'ote time to indindual in:structlOn III bandages, etc. I always like to be fully satisfied that eacb member of class knows how to apply the triangular bandage in all the vanous ways! and to see them do it. Also, that each man the P?Ints w here to apply digital pressure, and to see t h em In d IVId u ally po m t them o u t.

( T o be eMtinllNZ.)

AID,. [ F ebruary, 1898.

1J)0111C 1b\?Q ielle rse.

The following e:l.tracts are taken from a c irc u lar recent y issued by the St. John Ambulance .-\ssoc iation.

Object .,-To diffuse by means of classes of i n st r uction , e xa m n ation, and Hie issue of certificates, a practical knowledge of sanitary sc ience and the lall's of health, II'hich will enable those acquiri n g to keep their bodies and homes in a healthy condition, thereby en d ing to check the occurrence ;\nd spread of disease

Classes of Instruction may be formed either in con n ection with a Centre or as detached classes, in tbe same way as those for fi st a d to the injured and home nursing, but in the case of home hygiene OIl(J' mixed classes of males and females will be allowed.

The usual way to form a class is for th e Loca l Secreta r y or other lady or gentleman undertaking to do so, to collect a su itable nu mber of names, charge each pupil an entrance fee sufficient n a mount to coyer the expenses, and those incnrred locally for hire of roo m gas, fuel, local printing, postage, 0.c I is generally ad visab le to hold a preliminary meeting, at which the objects and benefits of the in, struction to be giyen can be explained. The Chief Secretary will forward the necessary stores on receipt of formal order, stating n umher and sex of pupIls. F rom twenty-fil'e to thirty is the best number for a class. It is not desirable to ha\'e more than thirty, or the i nstr u ctor cannot devote suf-ficient time to each pupil, and the expenses will be increased. The amount to be charged for entrance fee must be regulated by the sum total of the expenses 171 thost! rases u,hen the lecturer is Ptlld, tht! t!nf1'allrl' fit! must be lIIcreilserl. A fee of at least £5 5s. and travelling expenses, will be charged for a lecturer detailed by t h e Chief Secretary from London or elsewhere.

In the case of c!:tsses for working people, and others who can only afford to pay a nominal entrance fee, the balance of expenses mllst be defrayed from outside sources, subscriptions heing invited, and employers of labour always being asked to contribute towards the expenses of classes attended by their employes

Her :JIajesty's Education Department has specially approved and printed in its E\'ening Continuation Schools Code the Syllabus of the .--'l.ssocialion, and has power, as also County and County Borough Counci Is, and (in Ireland), Her Majesty's Science and ,--'l.rt Department to make grants in aid of classes in home hygiene, held in connection with tbe Association.

In order to obtain a grant from Her :'IIajesty's Education Department, a student must, besides complpng with other regulations, recei\'e instruction in at least two subjects in the scbool year. T he syllabus of the .--'l.ssociation for first aid to tbe injured and h ome nursing bas already been approl'ed by the Education Department as z separate subject (Ambulance) which can be taken with home h ygiene, concurrently or otherwise, as the two necessary subjects.

Course of Instru c t i on - This must ce in accordance with the Syllabus appearing ill Schedule I. hereto. At lean ten lectu r es wi th an intelTal of not less than a Week between each. must be given, the total number of hours occupied in instruction being not less than fifteen. one\\'ho has not receiyed at least twelle hours instruction from a qualified lecturer can enter for the examination. The n struction should consist partly of a lecture occupying say forty fil'e minut e s, the remainder of the time being taken up by the pupIls answeri n g questions put to them by the lecture r \\'ho should also encourage them to ask for an explanation of any point \yhich they may not h aye thoroughly understood in the first instance.

Lectm ers. -The following are eligible to lecture on behalf of the Association

1. Those whose names are on the ;\Iedical Register, pub li sh ed u nder the direction of the General Council of :Jledicctl Education and R eo- istration of the L'nited Kingdom. b

2 Graduates in Science of any recognised uniYersity in the United Kingdom.

3· Holders, of the IIonours Hygiene Certificate of Her " laje s ty's Science and 2\.rt Department.

+- Holders of such other qualifications as may from time to i me be appro\'ed by the Central Executil'e Committee j. IIolders of a specialleclurer's certificat e granted by h e S t. John Ambulance Association.

Certificate s are almrded to the successful candidates at t he examinations, but the possession of one for this subject s h all n ot co u nt towards obtaining the medallion of the Assoc iation Spec.i.al Lecturer s C e.rtificates.- Candidates fo r hese w ll be exallllned by a 130ard of Examiners. Examinations will be held i n London time to time as necessary. They will he be d ll accardance with the syllabus appearing in Schedu le 11. a n d w i ll exten d o· er two days, the first day being devoted to t w o w ritten papers, the first on PI:ysics, and Physiology, and the s:cond on General HygIene :\0 candidate who is u n ab e to sa t isfy the Board of Examiners on paper 1 shall recei 'e a lecturer's cert:ficate. The number of questions set in Paper 1. shall be nine, that is t o say, three. each. on Elementary Physics, Chemistry and Physio l og y. Th e candIdate IS to attempt two only on each of t hes e subjects a nd mu st obta in fifty per cent. of the maximum marks. O n t h e se co nd d ay a

E1 ebruary, 189 8.J FIRST

viva voce exam nation wi ll he held. :'\0 person under twenty-one yeals of age sh a ll be eligible for a lecturer's certificate. Persons of either sex are el igible for examination for a lecturer's certificate.

T h e a t te n dance of a course of lectures before cxaminati',n for il lecturer's cert ificate is not com p ulsory.

General Note -I will be seen that there are tlYO distinct home hygie n e certificates issued by the Association.

A The E lementary, which is within th'! reach of all per50ns O\'er the age of sixteen. It is hoped th a members of all classes will en deavou r to obtain this, which must prOl'e of very great yalue to thems e lves and those with wbom they are associated. The instruction a n d examinat ion will be thoroughly practical, simple forms of illus tm ti o n be ing introduced in the fonner, and the latter may be, when desirab e, conducted ent i rely by 1·t1·r!1'Oce questions and Dnswers

B. Th e Lecturer's, which will only be awarded after a searching th eoretic al and practical examination. T his is designed more particularly for those a ready connected witb the Association as Secretaries and Executive Officers of Centres and Class Secretaries, the Clergy, School T eachers, County Council LectllJers, and all who are willing to occupy a portion of their time in spreading useful knol\ ledge.

$t. 30hn BnlbulallCe Bssociation.

II OSPITAL S,Hl:RDAY F[1:\o CENTRE SOCIAL E,'E:\[:\"G - .-\. del g h tfully socia gathering of members and friends of the St. Ambu ance Brigade, IIospi:al Saturday Fund Diyision, organi sea by the L ady Superintendent, :'I 1iss Julia :'I[ann, and her sister, :'IIis5 Edith and others, \\'as held on Saturday, January th, in the Board-room of the H ospital Saturday Fund Offices, 5+, Gray's Inn Road, W.C During tbe el'ening "Irs .•\cland presented the and certificates Lo the successful students at the recent examll1::t[]ons. M r. Reginald B D. ,--'l.cland, chairman of the IIospital Sa.turday Fund, presided, 'lnd expressed tbe ple,tsure it afhrded him in seeing the Board- room for the social gathering of members and friends of so usefu l an o rgn.nisation as tbe St. John ,--'l.mbulance Association. ,\ piano solo by Sister Esther H utchinson, followed also with songs and recitations by Messrs. Da,,:s, Painter, E\'ens, Sale, Kimber and Clear, :'I l rs. Evens arid Sislers E. Hutchin.on, Jessie :'IIanton and E. lIeastman. On :'I J rs. Acland rising to present the medallions and certificates to the successful students a magnificent bouquet from the nursing sisters was handed to her, :'IIrs. ,--'l.cland making a pretty spetlch in connenion with the presentation. A. Yote of thanks was unaLimously o-i"en to \I r. and :'I1rs. Adand, to which c\lr. .,\cland suitably

On C\Ir. and :'III'S. ,\c1and le:1.\'ina the chair ,yas taken b}' Chief Superintent.lent 'Y. H. :'IIorgan, when further songs .and recitations follOWed. The meeting was brought to a close by the slllginer of Auld Lano- Syne and the :'\ational ,\nthe!1l. Sister E. and ilr. F. E. Kimber kindly assisted ,yith the accompaniments. It is to note that all the sisters of the Hospital S aturday Fund Di\'ision ha\'e obtained the medallion.

Among those present \yere Dr Tom Taylor, Supenmendent-Secretary I V H '\, inny, Superintendent and Correspondent ,\. Poncerot, Superintendent T. A. Painter, Great .\-onhern Di\'isiol1, Superintendent ,\. R. Rundell, Hospital Saturday Fund Dil'ision, First Officer G. T. Cooper, Second Office! II. C. Hankin, and Third Officer E. A. Clear, Great :'\ onbern Dil'ision, H. Dawkes and Sergeant J. Bundy, Hospital Sawr?ay Diyision

Special thanks are due to Lady Supenntendent :'1[155 JulIa " I ann and to her sister, :'Il iss Edith :'I Iann, for organising the gathering, also to the ladies and gentlemen \yho so kindly contributed to the entertainment.

i\I IDDLESBROl'GH -The annual meeting of this centre was held at the offices of the Cn.rgo Fleet I ron Company, :lIiddlesbrough, on the 13th Ja n uary. Captain S\l'an presided. The annual report sno\yed that the classes formed and carried through numbered 17. as compared w ith 8 last year. These comprised +72 members, of \\'hom 3S7 qualified by atte n ding the full course of lectures, and 339 \\'ere examined. and 335 obtained certificates. The grand total for the r6 years the centre had bee n at Ilork amounte:l to 2+3 classes, \I'ith a membership of about 7,292 Captain S\yan, in moying the adoption of the report, said it was a great satisfaction to him 8S an employer of labour to know that in the case of an accident on the Iyorks there \yere men ab e o render first aid. The m1sters were just as ready no\\' as whe n the centre was started to belp the men on in this ,,'ork by paying their fees if t h ey were ao-reeable to become members of the A.ssociation. O n the election of Captain S\\-an I\'as re-elected president. :'IIr Shepperd treasurer, :\1 1'. .Dixon, :'Ill': F. :'lIar h:1.I1, and :\.11'. D J. " 'ood, Stockton, secretanes The commIttee was re-electej \Y1th the addition of :'I Iessrs Storr and 10hnson. OF BADGES A:\D CE"'TLFICATES·- ,--'l.n n terest in g cere m ony took place at the Penrith Police .CoLlrt on J a nu a r y 6th, wb en Sir John Dunne C,onstable 01 the tl\'O co un t ie s of Cu mbe rl and and \V estmoreland, dlstnbuted the badges and cer t ifi ca te s a ward ed by h e J o h n .- :nbulance ssociat ion to the m em be rs o f he po li ce c ass [o r h e study of first aid to the injured)

AID. 25 9

held in co n nection \\ ith the Penrith T echnical I nstrtlction schcme There w.ere also present :'I l r. A W. Seatree, J .P., i\ 1r. G. Wainwr ight, secretary of the Technical Education Classes; and ;\1 r. J. Simpson Ye,l.tes, the Superintenden of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for t h e Penrith District.

1RRi!WR\? Bnlbulance.

\lmLA);D RAIL\\'.\\'. IYEsTHouSES-On ;\Ionday, January loth, the second annual tell and entertainment in connection with the IYesthOLlses Corps was held in the institute, which was tastefully decorated for the occasion \Iith flags, mottoes and bunting. _--'l.bollt 200 partook of an excellent tea, the lady nurses pI'o\'iding the tea and presiding at the tables. After tea, the Re\,. E. E i\ l orris, :'II. A., J.P Chaplain to the Tibshelf Brigade, presided. There were present, \[ rs. \l orris, Deputy-Commissioner "'ardell and rs Wardell, Dr. E. G. Leary and \lrs. Leary, and \lrs. Oliphant. An excellent programme was gone through, interspersed with displays of ambulance work and also a competition by the ladies, :'Ibjor and :'I1 rs. W ardell adjudicating The Chairman in opening the proceedings said he was proud to be amongst them that e\'ening, as he took a deep interest in the good and great work of the St. John Ambulance ,-\.ssociation Dep u ty Commissioner ',"ardell then presented medallions aud certificates to 39 gentlemen and also" First Aid" certifIcates to 20 ladies who were successful at the recent classes. He then in an address on ambulance \york urged those who had received their medallions to stiil attend tbeir classes, because he found if they neglected their instructions h ey would so)n !Set behind in their work. He was yery proud to think that tbe fel\' words he said last year about the foundation of sick nursing classes had borne frui and now they had ladies' classes He was sure tbe knowlecge gained I,"ould be "aluab e to them, as a man with" first aid" qualifications was scarce complete without a lady of the same rank Last year \\as the most e\'entful year in the history of ambulance \Iork since it \\'as formed. It was the Jubilee year, and members of the yarious ,--\m bulance Corps were prominen tly brought before the public, not only in L ondon, but in other large tQ\\'l1S. He had the honour of haying a company of men under his command from out of his district doing duty in the streets of London. He had tbe pleasure of taking some of his Tibshelf Corps. He hoped on some future occasion to haye with them some of the \Yesthouses Corps -(cheers)Ilho acquitted themsell'es so efficiently at the annual in5pection at Risley Hall in July of last year. Ho\\'el'er, he would be especially pleased to report to headquarters upon the good work he had seen done at \Yesthouses that night. He presented to Dr. E. G Leary, the 1nsuucror of the classes, an ebony walking stick uitably engra\'ed, on behalf of the 'Yesthouses Corps, and a writing desk to :'III'. Hardwick, late secretary, and a tra\'elling bag to Sergeant Beere of the Tibshelf Brigade, for sen'ices rendered, all the recipients briefly returning tha.nks. \ 'otes of thanks 10 the Chairman, :'II ajor and :\[rs. ',"ardell, yisirors and the ladies brought to a close a yery pleasant el'ening.

E L TER:\" half-yearly meeting oftheabol'e centre \\'as held in tne reading-room of t he Rail\\'ay Institute, Darlington. :Jr. F. Penty, York, presided, an:! delegates were present representing the whole of the :'\oah Eastern Raihl'ay system. :'Ilr \ 'incen t, Locomoti\'e Superintendent, and \11'. II'. J. Cudlyorth. Engineer, attended the meeting, and on behalf of the Darlington officials and men bade the deleo-ates a hearty welcome. The General Secretary. :'I lr George made hi3 h:J.1f-yearly report as - During the six months 2 classes had been formed a t the following places: Port Clarence, Tyne Dock 3 (locomoti I'e, docks. and passengers), Horsfonh, Shildon, Church Fenton, Starbeck, Sunderland, Heaton Junction, York 2 (o-oods and locomotil'e), Gateshead, Harrogate, Filey,_.\larke t IYeightOn, Hull + (Dairycoats Drypull, \ IctOna and !\. I.ngston Street, Percy :'Ibin, Kirkley, Stephen, Blyth, RIpon, tIllll1gton, Bridlington.

,-\.:'IIBr.'-LA :\ CE C L A.sSES

:'\OTICE TO SECRET. RIES.

In order to facilitate the \\'Ork of Secretaries of Classes, it bas been decided to i I1sert :'\ otices of Classes and L ectures on First A id, K urs ng, and IIygiene in this column at the rate of +d a line, the mi n im um cb::tro-e to be IS. per insertion prepaid.

F 1 RST ,--'I. lD ,

\\TORTH I XG.-, \. CL\. '8 fllr }fall'S commencing H onday, January lOth, at " '.15 p.m., \"ill be held at St. \.n,lr£>\\'·s Schools, ,Clifton·road.

Dr. Lee!l W S. Buckler BedlOrd Lodge, Cambndge· rOiHl. Fee

:'\T."RS Y:'\ G.

rIG, \. x -" COl'HSE of SIX LECTl'RES :"il\ gi\en. boY Dr on En'nings.-Further particulars from 'J:. Hatcllffe EIlls, }f llllllg School, " 'igan. SPECHL L ECTCRE S }f D L'L\.:\" CE IX LOX D O X ; AS IT IS, AX D AS IT O C G H T T O B E. An mlt1rpss on this suh.iect \l ill be gh'cn at Bi ll/ieW H a ll , Bi ufie u-road Clapham-n1i1d, S. " on l' hursday, Febr u ary 17 th, at 8 p.m., by Dr. H ea on C, H O \'\l'd \.dmissioll free.

FIRST AID

1, 1898.

On another pJ.ge will be found extracts from LA y a circulal recently issued by the Execu tiye DO CTO RS. Committ ee of the St. J olm Ambulance

A ssoc iation, with th e object of promoting the teaching of '1 Home Hygi ene. " _-\s some of the working details of this scheme are important! and may be far rea ching in their effects, it seems advisable to consider what the re s ult s may be.

The teaching of Hygiene in our Homes is a su bj ect that no one can po ssi bly object to, and the St. John _-\mbu1ance _-\ ssoc iation is to be congratulated upon taking it up, but we are afraid in this instance it is bringing forward a ne,,' feature ,,"hich will not be appro\-ed by the medical profession. The _--\. ssocia ti o n has done, and is doing a good work, and we are grieyed to se e that it has been so ill-ad \"ised as to -:1epart from the rule it has hitherto str ictl y adhered to, viz: that only qualified medic :ll fractitioners should lecture on it s behalf.

This is an extract from the circular: " The following are eligible to lect ure on behalf of the Association.

5. H olders of a specia l lecturer's certificate granted by the St. J ohn .A ssoc iation."

\Vhil st admitting that the A ssoc iation llas a perfect right to impose what conditions it sees fit on tho se who desire to obtain it s certificates, it mu st be remembered that the work of the A ssocia tion could not go on without the support ofthe medi ca l profession, present, pa st and future and if that help were withdrawn, the whole fabric would br ea k down The profe ssion is sufficiently incensed already by the a mount of unqualified practice that is l ega lly allowed, and if the idea gets abroad that another class is about to be created by the St. John Ambulance _-\ssociation, and who WQuld compete with them in receiving fees for lecturing, the A ssociation must not be sur prised if the present amicable relation s between it anr1 the medical profession become so mewhat strained. There is nothing in the circular to prevent the Chief Secretary of th e A ssoc iation from detailinCT th ese "spec ial lecturers" to give all the courses that are equired, and, although we are confident that Sir Herbert Perrott "would not thus abuse the powers vested in him, we do not think it right that any Chi ef Secretary 5hould have such power placed m his hands.

If once the principle is admitted that lay lecturers can subjects. on which in stru ction ought only to be gn-en by medlcal .men, there is no s aying where it will It IS tbe thll1 edge of the wedge, and in a little tlme we ha\'e first aid and ambulance work taught by I. who, of course, will be lay men. And If lectunng 1S allpwed, why not examininO'? The K ational Health Society does thi s kind of but that is no excuse for the St. John Association

AI D. LFeb ru ary, 18 98

$irst Bib lRecorb.

ASTON .-Police Cons t able Scott, of the Aston police, on 19th ult. wa s in Li chfield Road when he was informed that a child had tumbled in the canal at Cuckoo Bridge, to which place be ran. Removing his overcoat and h elme t , but withhis other clothing on, S co di\"ed into loft. of water but was unable to find the body, which rose for the third time a few yards away. He again plunged into the water, and brought out the four-year-old ch ild in an uncon sc ious condition, and handed it to some persons on the towing-path. Scott, who had injured his head whil st diving, h ad to be assisted from the water, and both were taken to the Cuckoo Tavern, where the constable, who is a member of the St John Ambulance \s sociation, directed the people how to restore the child by means of artifi cia respiration, this being successfully achieved after half an hour' s labour. The chi ld, whose name is Thomas Mason, was afterwards r emo \ e :! to its home in Long Acre, Nechell 's The officer returned to barracks, and was placed in bed

BO\\"LJ::oIG.-A SEVERE]) ARTERy - FIRST Am 13\" A POLICEMA::oI-An acci d e nt occurred on qth January to a gardener named John Robert Spen cer , which, but for the prompt aid rendered by a policeman with a kn o\\'ledge of ambulance work, might have had serious conseq uences. Spencer is the son of the heau gardener at Bo\yling Park and whilst englged there in pruning trees, the pruning knife slipped and c ut throug-h the main artery of the left w r s t. The bleeding was s topped by P.C. Beech (ISO), who applied a tourni-:juet and bandage. The wound was after wards dressed by Dr. Lodge's assistant

DERBY. - THE '-AL UE OF A :\lI3ULANCE INsTRl·crro:-J-The inestimable value of a knowledge of o.mbulance work wa s never m o re clearly illustrated than it was on 31st Dec last, as will be gathered from the of the attempteu suic ide of a young woman in the ham road canal at D erby H ad not bee n for the opport une arrival on the scene of a young man named ,,-illiam Britta i n the life of the unhappy creature might have been lost. BrittaiH, it seems, was formerly a. member of an ambulance class at the :'IIidland R a ilway works, but left before his ambulance training was completed and went to work e se,,: here. He was able, h o wever, to pUL what knowledge he hau acqUIred t ·J a practical use on the present occasion, happily with the best results, althol:gh the girl was so far gone that t took him twenty-five mill ute s to bnng her round.

BRAI::oITRim.-A.RTIFICIAL RE SP IRATIOi\' IN SUPPOSED DEATH FRO?lf

IIAN GI:-;'G .-The value of first a id in struction given to members of the police force was well exemplified by a case which came before the magistrate at Braintree Police Court on January 1St. A dealer named Edward Quilter was charge d with attempting to commit suicide by hanging himself o n the previous day. He was fou nd by his wife in a sh ed and a neighbour cut him down apparently lileless. A policeman who was caller! in used various artifiCIal means of re sp iration , "nd after forty minutes Quilter began to breathe IDrmally, though be was unconsc iou s for twel ve hours. On recovering he said he knew of wha had bappened. It would be interesting- to know how l on g he had remained suspended and also the exact position of the rope round the neck. Plesuma.bly it layover the thyroid Cartilage , in which posirion it bas bee n sho\\"n that life may be prolonged for a considerab le peri od. The constable is certain ly to be commended for the perseverance with which he persisted in the performance of artificial respiration.-Lallcet. this shows how first aid shou ld 110t be done. Trav e lling crane aCCIdent. 1\1r. A. C. Langham held an inquest at St. Bartholomew's Hospital touching the death of Herbert i\leuross, 25, labourer, employeJ as a ba nksman at the Electric railway works at Moorfield s Evidence was gi ven that there were two cra nes working, aad as at one point they sometimes one was worked the reverse way. The deceased had to on a stage surrounded by a hoard ing, and to gi ve the signal to the and It appeared that he wa s struck in the back by one of tbe cranes whilst he was looking down the sha ft. Bailey Green, engineer stated that deceaseu was taken to the h ospita l in a cab, witness and another man accompany ing him. Tbere was only olle porter, and they bad great difficulty in ca rrying the injured man into the hospital from the cab. A ju ror t hat proper porters should be engaged "vho knew how to handle such cases. l\Ir. L aurence, house surgeon, said he saw the man on his admission. Hewasdead,and his rib s 1IJerB crushed. During the night till morning they hau on ly one porter on duty. It was as easy for a patient to be can ied Oil 112m's from a vehicle as on all ambulallce, >"hich 1V0uid have had to be fetched from the Y:lrd. The inquiry was adjourned.-Llo,vd's.

February,

189

8.J FIRST (BaIIer\?

LA J0.t?-SHIRE agam contri bu tes to our portrai t ga ll ery in tile shape of Mr. vVilliahl I ngham, the Superin t endent of the R ochdale Corps, whose sketch we ha \'e pleasure in glvmg.

Mr. Ingham was born in H eywood in 18 + 5, and moved to the neighbouring town of R ochdale in 1867. His occu pa tion as traveller took him to various parts of the country, and it was during his "wanderings that he was brought to see the uti li ty of ambulance work He also took part in certain p hil anthropic objects, such as starting a branch of the I nde p endent Order of Rechabites, and helping to form the Children's Aid Committee in the district

In 1887 Mr. Ingham obtained his first aid certificate, but it was not until Boxing Day r8Q2, when he saw four lives lost in an ice accident at Marland, that he determined to take an actiYe part in raising an ambulance corps to do what was possible in saving life and suffering. By d int of perse\"erance and hard work he caused a meeting to be held at the Town Hall on July loth, 1893, at which it was decided to form an Ambu'!ance Corps, and Mr. Ingham was elected Superintendent, a post wh ich he has occupied e\-er since This Corps has done a good deal of work in attending ports and other similar gatherings.

Mr. Ingham has been a great help by his ad\-ice and assistance in forming divisions in the surroundmg towns, and has so worked up the enthusiasm in this part of Lancashire that there is now hardly a town without its Amb ulance Corps or Division.

It is owing t o men of the stamp of Mr. Ing h am tInt i d eas a t first litt le thought of succeed and grow into p r ac t ical schemes, and there is no doubt that the ambulance cause in South East Lancashire is largely i n debted to his perse\-erance, energy, and what may be called his go-a-headness, and hoping that his career of usefulne s may b e a long Ol:e, are but echoin ts the 'Choughts of a ll those who enJoy hIS personal acquamtance

Street Accidents in London. - In the Police report for I896, some in teresting figures are given -I 30 people were killed in the streets, and 8,097 persons were injured. In the previous year 7, I29 were injured . L ight carts lead the list, followed by cycles as being the cause of these accidents. Of course, these figures only refer to cases reported by t he police as having occurred in the streets, and have no reference to accidents elsewhere

<Iorresponbence.

HO:'lIE HYGIEN E.

To the Editor OJ FIRST AlD.

SIR,- T he John Ao:bulance Ass()ciation ha I e Just issued a syllabus of theIr Home Hygiene course. Thi s consists of a series of ten le ct ures t? delivered at interv'ills of not less than a week, followed by an exam illatI o n and the granting of certihcates to successful candidates.

This, to my mind, s an advance in the right direction, for I have frequently urged that those wbo take an interest in alleviatina the sufferings of their fdlow-creatures when accident or illness them should also devote some of their time to the study of hygiene and tbe pre\'entlon of dIsease , and the Association are to be congratulated on the step they have taken.

There is, however, one part o f the scheme which seems to me illadvised. It s with regard to those who are eligible to lecture on this subject. They are as follows -

I. Registered :\Iedica l Practitioners.

2. University Graduates in Science.

3· Hold ers of Hon ours Certific:l.t es of the Science and Art Department.

4· Holders of sucb other qualifications as may from time to time he approved by the Central Executive Committee.

S· Holders of a specia lleclllrer's certificate aranted by the Sr. J ohn Ambulance Associalion. "

The syllabus the latter examination is appenaed, from which it apoears that WIth to the subject of Physiol ogy only an elementary knowledge IS reqLllr ed, and there is no mention of any practical \york to be performed.

I Sir. tbat no person should be permitted to teach PhYSIology wbo has 1I 0t on ly passed an examination in an adl'anced course. but who is thorougbly proficient in practical work, includina dissecticn and the use of the m croscope. " of Physics s next mentioned, but again no experimelllal work IS re q Ulred

Chemistry is very vaguely treated. It is as follo\\"s :-

I. Chemistry of animal and \'egetable life.

2. Composi t ion of air and water, and their impurities.

How a pe:son teach this s u bject properly who is ignorant o f chemIstry and \\ho has not done any analytical wor k?

Chemistry IS n ot to be learned by cramming up a few names and formul::e, for unles3 a person be well versed in his subject it is impossible fur him to impart information in a scientific to a class of beginners.

The syllabus lI.ext gi.\·e3 alist of the general principle:; of Hygiene.

I quote the last Item ll1 thIS s ubjec :-" Prevention of ill-helllh and infectious disease, disinfection."

<?ne suppose (hat the lecturer .would be required to gi\'e the mall1 POll1ts 111 the symptoms of the "anous infectious diseases, so that they may be recogni!'ed early and meaical adl'ice sought. Apparently very lIttle stress is laid on this subject, which is one of the m05L impol tant in the whole branch of hygiene. :'IIodern 5Jnitation has \\' on many vi ctories over disease, but there are certain infectious complaints which are increa sing instead of de creasing. ] refer to diphtheria and measles. The ch ief reaS0n that these diseases are not beina dealt with, is that the public are not ali\'e to their early dia!{nosis, and a sore thr oat o r a cold is often considered ui\'ial an d unworthy of attention, the patient is not isolated, and infection is spread to others.

Let me give another instance. :lJe now lecognlsina that tubercle is infectious and that spec,a.l I egula tions should be adopted against the sp read of that dreaded complaint, consumption. It is es sen tially a disease where a proper kn o \dedge of home hygiene is of great value in preventing mucb suffering and loss of life. [no\\, ask, Sir, how are persons who have passed the Association's examination o impart to their pupils kn o wledge on this subject in a satisfactory manner? \ Ve are constantly gaining fresh evidence on these importan t questions, how are they to keep themGelves abreast with this work? ] think you will see that none but a medical man can prope rly deal witb this subje ct.

AMIlULA:-ICE IN LONIlO)I. -A lecture on this subject w th demonstra tions by the Cyclist Division of the St. John Ambulance Briaade be given by Mr. IIeaton C. lIoward, L.R.C.P. Lonl, at 13111field 11all,. Road, Clapham Roau, on h e I7th inst., at lS p.m. AdnllssLOn free First-a iders a n d a ll t h ose inte res ed a.re nvited.

SECRETARTES.- :'I fr. W. Buckle, of Bedford Lodge, vVort h ll1g, WIshes to ha\'e the names and addresses of the secretaries at the following places :-Por tsmouth, Havant, Bognar, Arunde Shoreham, Steyning, Horsham, Cranleigb. Guildford, Cra wl ey and Brighton, with a view to IVOI k up a demonstration in the s u mme r. Per h aps these ladies or gent emen will kind y oblige and co mmuni cat e w h Mr. B uc kl e.

The Assoc iation allows none but the medical profession to teach ambulance classes, why should they allow persons who have only passed an elementary examination to teach hygiene? It is a subjecL at least of equal importance to ambulance and can only be taught by competent persons.

I hope that the Central Executive Committee will see their way to modify t heir scheme somewhat on the lines I ha\ 'e suggested Yours faithfully,

WI LLIAM INGHAl\I , ESQ., SUPERINTENDE, T OF THE R OC H DALE CORPS, ST. J OH:\" AMBULA:\TCE BRIGADE

FIRST Sa\)lng Soelet\?

A FEW XOTES Ol'i SWDIMING. With all the efforts that are being put forth in the interest of swimming it is indeed sad to know that at the present time the vast majority of the people of the United Kingdom-the very place where one would belieye would be taught to a child, as soo n as it was able to walkare utterly helpless in the water, and a large number of those who have mastered the art for pleasure, have but vague notions how to act when rescuing a drowning man. They have abundance of pluck, but unfortunately li tle skill or judgment. In reading a boo k on the art of swimming by a well-kn o wn French writer, published in 1699, t'le following passage struck me most forcibly :-" No person is safe from the danger of drowning, for undertaking a sea voyage, or themselves to the mercy ofa palr of oars, they are all more orless lIable to sudden acciden ts. Some people have even been drowned in their own house s when they were least apprehensive of such an accident occurring. They never saw the approaching deluge but if they had been swimmers the fata I consequence of it Ini O"ht have been a\'oided " A lesson is also afforded by that traveller who, after a successful tour r o und the world, was drowned in a small ri\'er near horne by a sudden mischance of his boat running against a bridge, and because he could swim no further than to the botLam. C;:csar, the great conqueror, has left us a most remarkable example as to the value placed upon a know edge 01 swimming in his ciays. \Yhen he felt himself on the point of yielding to Ptolomy, the Egyptian king, who had treachero u sly attacked h im in Alexandria, he cast himself armed into the sea, and was able, by swimming, to regain his fleet. He w:ts then e nabled to return and reward

Ptolomy's tr eac hery, and during the conflict which ensued, the latter was slalI1 and Cleopatra declared Queen of Egypt. Thi s single event, which had such important results in after history, is sufficient. to sho,\', even in the se days, of what use a kno\,·ledge of swimming may be in the army, down from a General to a Private soldier. It is always to remem be r, that whilst it is not dishonoura ble to surrender to a superior force, yet when a soldier can safely retreat, he may soon be in a position to return with a sufficient force to effectually rout his enemies. The Ancients in fact held the art of swimming in very high esteem. Both the Grecian and Roman histories record many daring feats of divers, who were unde me of in nal'al warfare. The Romans solemnized the art of swimming amongst their public exercises They also incorporated a particular society of diver s, which they designated" U rinatores. " The following inscription is recorded in connection with it: "Patrona Corporis Pi scato rum et Crinatorum." Free translation" Under the patronage of the Corporation of Fi shers, Divers and Swim mers." It is said that these characters still exist on one of the gates of Rome. Coming back to the present day, in our opinion a great \\"ant in the majority of our large towns i s the establishment of Public Swirnming Baths under the supervision of men who could give lessons ill swimming, and we feel sure that in a yery short time a most gratifj ing lesult would be apparent, not only in the in crease d respect for cleanliness, but also in a decrease in the number of deaths from drowning; therefore, any effon to increase the number of public baths should receive the cordial co-operat ion of every swimmer. A nlllllber of large towns in the Colonies have already proved to us the great \'alue of free swimming baths. Our kinsmen across the sea haye taught us many valuable lessons in public-spirited energy and, after many days, they have been taken to heart and borne gooe fruit, as, for instance, the adoption of Ballot Box, and the Free Education Act. They teach the piano in our public schools, and also instruct the children how to make dishes, and if in addition to these accomplishments the School Boards erected swimming baths in every educational district, and thus afford facilities for every healthy child to acquire the art of swimming, they would be conferring a national benefit and blessing on the people With the approach of the swimming season these are matters which force themselves upon one's mind, and we hope that a time will come and at no distant date, when all the organ iz ations claiming to promote th.e art of swimming will unite, work together, and raise that art they praIse so much to that same standard of esteem in which it was held ages ago.

A BRIDGE.

H o pe, like the gleaming taper's light, Adorns a nd cheers o ur way,

And still as darker grows the night,

Emits a brighter ray.

As so sweetly explains it, the b ea con star of hope shines out WIth a cheenng ray, and, although the full measure of our hopes may never "e realised in this world, yet its influence greatly helps us .to. lea? nobler and more useful lives. These lines are particularly stn kmg Just now, for they touch upon a question which will startle, surpnse, and perhaps dIsgust all those lovers of the art of swimming because of the method s that have been adopted in order to hurt and ca u se fnctlOn, although all the details connected therewith have been well thought out, the persons who haye entered into this consp ira cy are known and their identity will, in due coune, be revealed.

AID. [Febr uary, 1898

Those \\'ho have entered into this nefarious conspiracy to hurt and injure proba bly forgot that there is always a human bridge. or ladder of sympa thy or help, leading from the depths of despair, to relief and happiness. This brotherhood of mankind is never so strongly developed than in time of peril. Men will nobly rush to the rescu e of those battling lives at the of their own. Many have, Il1deed, lost theIr lIves m deeds of herOIsm, under circumstances that II hilst we deplore the terrible sacrifice, yet makes our hearts beat 'more quickly, and our blood warmer, to reAect that s uch noble men have grown up in our midst. It is a common occurrence, when s011le unfortunate person is in dang-er, for se vl'!ral brave fellows to rush to the rescue, .to risk live s in fact,. for the sake of a strang er. They do not walt partIculars as to. hi S personality, or to go through the form of an mtroductlon, they Simply know th:1.t a life is in danO"er and risk. their own to save What of man's feelll1g for.man call be gIven th .an thIs? It tbls natural brotherly feelll1g which has brought to I1ght the nefarIous work af a few conspirators action when it is made known, will be generally resented T?I S short n obce on a matter which at p:esent is practically unknown, IS Il1tended on ly as a prelude of that whIch is to co me' all that it is p ossible now t o state is that some of those who are the best days of their life to the cause of swimmin CT and !lal"e been the subjec.t of a most cowardly attack,"'an attack which Il1volves most grave Issues The question for the present may be closed with the following line s from Byron ;" Skill'd by a touch to deepen scandal's tints, With all the high mendacity of bin While mingling truth with falsehood, sneers ·with smiles, A thread of candour WI th a web of wiles."

On this subject more anon.

On Tuesday, fanuary 1 Ith, an examination was held at Tibberton Square Baths, Islington. Candidates for examination had been attending the class held at these baths. The modus operandi is as :-The cand id ates have to go through the" Land Drill" of the Society, cons stmg- of four methods of rescue anJ three of rele3.sinO" oneself from the clutch of the drowning (the object of this land drill is to teach students the correct moyements when in the water.) Then follow three methods of resuscitation, viz. :-The I" Silvester," the " Howard," and the" l\Ianhall Hall," and after these are fully illustrated, are put to each candidate to test their knowledae of the circ ulat ory and respiratory systems of the body, and how to a"'ct in cases of emergency; finally, the candidates have to prove their effici en cy in water by actualy being clutched by a person in three from whIch they must effect a release, (r) if held by the wrists, (2) .If. held round the neck, and (3) round the body; and carrying a lrVIl1g person twenty yards III each of the methods of rescue; they then bave to make a surface dive of not less th:m five feet raise an object from the bottom. The proficiency of all the candIdates was remal kably good and reAected great cred it up on tb.e Hon. In structor, l\Ir La,lTence, who has deyoted much va luable time to this worthy object. The Society's bronze medallion and certificate were awarded to Me ssrs. i\ Bagshaw, C. Birtles, H. B. Carrol:, J. Cohen, G. Dalby, J. R. Leg-gau, J. }Ietcalf, E. J. Tanner, S. A \Vard, H. J Watson, A. West, p. Wi tney; and the SocielY's certificate was to G. Eldridge. The examiners complimented the candIdates on theIr smartness and correctness in the dIfferent drills also their performances in tbe water. Another class was sLarted at same baths on the 25th January, with Mr. Lawrence as hon instructor, and Mr .'vl etcalf as hon. secretary, who are continuing this sp lendid work.

THE ANNUAL GEKERAL J,1EETlKG.

The annual general meeting of the Life Saving So ciety will be he d on Monday, February 28th, in the Council Chamber, at the Holborn chair will be l1:t 8 p.m. As some very important bus rne.ss w1l1 .be forward, It IS hoped t hat every member will make .It pOInt of be1l1?" present All SWImming clubs and kindred organIsatIOns have the nght to send two represen tati ves.

THEORETICAL ESSAY FOR THE SOCIETY'S DIP LO MA.

By MR GEO. SARGINSON, WEST HARTI.EPOOL.

[(a) IMPORTANCE AND ADVA:-<TAGES OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ART OF SWIM1'lI NG.]

The importance and advantages of a knowledO"e of sw imminO' are so obv ious that it would seem somewhat to state The loss of l ife through drowning would be greatly lessened if sWlInmIl1g were more generally taught. It ought to be a part of every healthy child's education (girl and boyr; and a grant from the Education I?epa.rtmen t for teaching be money better spent than It lS 111 many of the educatIOnal fads paId for. This need not be a costly item to the Department, because, while severa annual grants are given for the same child in different one only wO'lld be necessary in the case o f swimming. It has always bee n a matter for wonder

F ebruary, 1898.J FIR

to me th at with the advantages of beinO" ahle to swim bein appan:nt, a nd the means of acquiring the so comparatively where, ;s the larger towns and at the seaboard, adequate or partial .acIl.lbes are afforded,. that a very much larger proportion of our. populatIon male portIOn especially) is not able to "paddle canoe. It be interesting to know the reason for thIS 1I1dlffer ence, bec?-use, With the exception of those physically disabled, not one in a hundred whom one might speak with on subJect but WIll acknowle?ge the importan ce and delightfulness of SWlmmrng, and express a wls,h. that they could "do it." In many cases, no doubt, the opportunItIes for learning are lacking, but this alone not account f o r the large number of adult nonThe Importance of the art is in the ability to take cale of himself should aCCIdent throw a swimmer into water· and this sea, In port, or other place his vocation or pleasurs take on or about wa.ter, must give a man confidence and thus enable h Im. to go ab?ut hIS duties with greater ease and enjoyment. The feelll1g of able .In case of need to render invaluable aid to a person for lIfe 111 the water must also be a source of thankfulness to a nghtminded man. The advantages of a pra ctical knowledge of the of swimn:ing are. numerous, Amongst them may be classed. the. delight of takIl1g a .SWI m in open sea, lake or river, and 111 the many and vanous evolutlo 1S that go to make a O"ood sWImmer. !heability to impart that knowledge by practica ance to one s fnends, and to the m embers of one's own family, must als? be an a.dvantage. The very fact of one's ability to when t acts as an. 1l1centive encouragement to others to learn lS an any sWImmer may Justly be proud of. The knowledae of how to sWIm has also its advantages. It may te cited many of labou'- give preference to those who can swinl and WIth the of pr:sent -day legislation being to employers pec.umanly responSIble for accidents, it may safely be concl.uded that thIS preference mil be extended in the '"lear future. CandIdates for.e.rnployment in some departments of the Navy must produce proof of abIlIty to .swlm 200 yards before they can enter for examinatIOn. many of our public (unfortunately not enough) are lequlred to hold profiCIency certIficates in swimming.

[ ( b) EFFECT OE' SWrMMDIG AS AX EXERCISE UPON THE GRO\\"TH At\D OF THE BODY.]

As an exercise swimming brings into full and yigorous play all the of the body; thos e of the. shoulders being, perhaps, most rn e\ Idence, though only about one-thIrd so powerful as those of the l,egs. This is in the almost abnormal development of the deltOId muscles of some of our 'lmateur s\\'immers. The lunO"s are enlarged by reason of the deep inspirations the practice calls and the chest of course shares 111 the development. The true method of is acq uired, a.nd .the ·whole body under goes a healthful bracll1g up when the SWlm IS not unduly protracted. The habits of cleanliness which the. practice engenders must h tve a beneficial effect on the he:tlth of a sW Immer. Considered purely as an exercise for the and the body, s·.vimming, think, cannot lay claIm ta any vast superIorIty o':er the many other recognised exercises taken for such purposes, th'}ugh doubtless the medium in \yhi ch it be practised gives it a decided advantage, insomuch that it 1l1vlgora es the and mind in a manner quite different from most other exercIses. One lmportant effect of he practice of swimming in the open is that it hardens the system and thus renders the consti betLer able to resist many of " tb<;> ills that flesh is heir to."

The I:egular practice of swimming a d ecided tendency to prevent a man Il1clll1ed to corpulency frol n puttmg on "fat." I have known the alde!·manic.proportions of more than OI;e middle aged swimmer visibly dunng tbe bathIng .season. 1 he keeper of poultry recognises thIS fact when he prevents bls ducks and geese from havinO" access to swimming water while feeding t h em for the market. '"

[ (c) A SHORT DESCRIPTlO:-< OF THE LUNGS RESPIRATIO:\; THE BLOOD ITS Cll{C[;LATlON.]

The lungs are the chief organs of respirai ion. Respiration is the process by which impure blood is purified in the lun o·s The l un as are two large pinkish (when healthy) spongy masses the heart and with it along with the bror.chi, windpipe, &c" occupy the cavity of the c h est or thor.Lx T he right lung is the larO"er and is divided inLo 3 obes, the eft having only 2. They are by the pleura. The function of the lungs is to provide the blood Wilh and carry off gas I(C 0·2) and waste prod u cts. ThiS IS done by means of 111111ute aIr cells or sacs at the extremities of the bronchial tubes. The venous or impure blood from the heart is car ried a network of extremely fine capillaries round each air cell, aud an ll1terclmnge of gasses takes place throll.,.h the delicate membranes of the air a n d capillaries. The latter "'gi ve up C 0' 2 from the blood, and the aIr cells impart a corresponding quantity of oxygen to the blood in the capillaries which as purified or arterial

ST AID.

blood is collected by the small pulmonan' \'eins ad' 1 1 by way of the fl' I • .J ,n senr. mto le le1rt our al ge pu monary \ ell1S which lead f 0 th 1 Illto the heart. is caused by th e air e ungs lungs by th.e expansIOn of the chest. The expansion is by c?ntrac.tlOn of the diaphragm and pull of the interco stal the :.Ibs, the of the chest is enlarged and the lunCTs by \ Irtue of theIr elastICIty, are. by air rushino- in throuO"h nasal passages (or mouth dUring VIolent exerti o n) "'h· t'" trachea bronchi or bro.nch!al tubes into oXYlSen. IS exchang:ed q 0'2, whIch IS the nex t moment ot rid of b explratlol:. ExplratlOn I.S brought about by contraction gof the o.r emptYll1?" the of aIr by releasing the muscles and allowin the nbs, by their elastICIty and weight to fall and the d' h t g an arched ·t· (u h " " lap ragm 0 assume , POSI IOn :c e s text book giveslt that when the dia hraO"m relaxes another set of ll1tercostals begin to pull the ribs and b" p t b '" normal rate of inspiration a ld expiration is tllnes per mll1ute: Tt:e function of the blood is to carn' no)urishment to the vanous the body. The orO"ans of c{reulatio are}he heart, artenes, capdlanes and \·eins. The "'heart prol'ides fOI.ce bX allernate contractIon and dilatation of its parts. After bemg pUrified In the lungs the ar.terialised Llood is carried tbrouO"h the ell1S to the left aUrIcle , then ce intO the left ven tr icle and fOlced the and on through the arteries to the ca illaries where It gIves up ItS to the tissues, and taking up C 0'2 Secomes blood. .:rhls ,lmpure or purpl.e is carried to tbe hean by the ems, supe.llor ,ena. ca a ll1fenor vena cav a to the riO"hl auncle, thence 1I1t.o the nght I'entnc:le, and by it forced throuah pulmonary artery mto the lungs to undergo purification-and capo.

[(d ) T:rE EFFECT OF EXCESSI\'E EXERcrsE OR OYER-FATrG[;E, AND THE PHY SIOLOGY OF B REATHLESS:-\E:>S] effect of e::ercise is seen when a person is unable to co::ttll1ue the exertions whIch. have brought about this powerlessne ss. The muscles become fatIgued, but not absolutely so. A painful lS expel?enced a .muscle becomes absolutely incapable of actIOn. ThIS lS nature s ,Yarnll1g, and the sufferinO" felt causes the \\'ork be stoppeJ and the muscle then rests. The win pow e r in some men stImulates the muscles to turther efforts than in others less deterThe powerlessness of" a .fatigued muscle is indirectly b} dIscomfort, because to make 1: contract needs a pall1ful effort of the nen"o us centres. The n:uscular work being equal, the fatigue is more ll1tense where the exercIse makes more acti I"e calls up on the brain. An exertion is m:tnifested by the rush of blood, highly ch3.lged \llth C02, to the head; :Ind often by a staLe of bodily collapse. B reathlessness IS the I esult of excessi I'e exertion and is about by inability of the lungs to carry off quickly enough the ll1cleased quantIty of C 0·2 created by muscular contract ions, or in words whenel·er muscular work produces in a .olyen tl.me more car.Domc aCId In .the blood than the lungs can ehm1l1ate Il1 the same time. The resplratol r power "aries in different persons according. to their Yigouy size of lung, and perfectness of heart, and by theIr acqUIred aptltude rn the use of their breathinO" organs Breathlessness is caused :tlso by conditions other than brought about by exercise, tholigh perhaps in a lesser degree. Fear, shock, moral Impre IOns, act upon the nelTe centres controllinO" the respiratory organs and produce the sensation of breat hlessness. '"

[ (e) AS TO Loss OF HEAT, AXD HO"- TO AYOID

A bather should ne\"e r enter the \\'a ter \\"hen the body feels chilled, or when the tone of health is yery o w. After undressing no time should be lost Il1 gettll1g submerged, otherwi5e 105s of heat will ensue unnecessarily. A swimmer should not enter the water while in it state of collapse, or intoxication, nor when the body is cooling after .exertlOn causing perspiration. A reeling of chilliness shoul.d be a warnlllg to the bather to leaye the water at once unless a few yigorous strokes promptly uispells the feeling. Fiddling about the water's edge :-fil:st 111 and then out-causes of heat more rapidly than if st:tyIl1g In a much longer time. With regard to a\'oidance of cramp, I must confess I have fortunately had no experience o f this terror, though hal e frequently been in the open lI'aler an hour and upl\"ards at a time, and can imaO"ine the cramp can be brought on by o 'er exertion of the muscles, say sudden and "igorolls strokes, or by a long continued swim where the same stroke is used. .\ntidote: \ ary the stroke often and don't attempt to exert the limbs be} and their po\\er. \Vhen cramp is felt to be co ming on the part affeeted shodd be slretched OUl and kept so if possible until assistance can be obtained. It is of the most \ ital importance that the limbs be pren:n teJ fr o m contracting, as if the body becomes doubled up, so to speak, the chances of keeping 011 the surface are greatly lessened. A bathe after a hearty meal is likely to gi\"e cramp in the stomach-bathing should therefore be avoided within ll' O or three hours after eating such a meal.

(To be wlitillltetl.)

$t. 30hn Bmbulance :f13rigabe

METROPOLITAN CORPS.

NO.2 DrvfSIO:"< A:\':\'UAL CONCERT.·-The third social concert of the above di\'ision took pl::tce on Thursday, January I3th, at the Sessions House Hotel, Clerkenwell Road. A splendid programme was pro"ided by the committee :-:\1essrs. Elam, Archer, Flowerday, Lowe, "'right, and Sugg (sec.), and a yery enjoyable evening was spent by the company present. The room, which was \'ery large, was filled with an attentive audience who fully appreciated the playing of the Central Club band, under their bandmaster, Karl Kyne, and the violin solo of First Officer Lines. The chair was filled by Superintendent G. Chillingworth, and was supported by Chief Superintendent i\Iorgan, Superintendent Trimmer, Superintendents Piers and Baker, Messrs. H. McGill and Horsman (C.C.) During the evening Superintendent Chillingworth presented on behalf of the division, a large photograph of the members for the headquarters. Chief Superintendent Morgan,:)11 behalf of the Corps, thanked the members for their kindness, and said he would see that it had a place assigned to it at the headquarters. It would take too much space to detail every item of the programme, but the following are some of the artists \"ho appeared -Superintendents Morgan and Baker, First Officer Lines, Sergeant Cox, :\f essrs. J. Elam, A. Loman, E. Phillip s, \". Barker, D. Gorman, C. King, Brothers Brampton, Dick Sandow, and a host of others. The members would have been pleased to have seen cheir Brig-adt chief, :\ 11'. Church Brasier,but as he is only just recovering from his long illness of typhoid fever, one and all wish to tender him best wishes, and trust that he is recovering and will soon be with them again. The evening closed with a vote of thanks to the Central Band, artistes, and to l\Jr. Burr (pianist) for their services.

The Jubilee Med:ds are to be presented to those members of the corps entitled to them on 2gth January by the Right Hon. -isco unt Knutsford, G.c.:\I.G., at the Hugh i\lyddelton Schools, Clerkenwell. PERSOX AL.- The Brigade Chief Superintendent is, we are glad to see, back once more at Head-quarters, and we congratulate him on the recovery from his serious illness. We are desired by and '\11-s Church Brasier to tender their warmest thanks to all friends for the many kindnesses received during this trying time.

PROVINCIAL CORPS.

BIR'lI:"<GHAlIL-i\lr. A. Tozer presided on 3rd January at the usual meeting of the Committee of this Corps. One hundred and eiO'htynine cases of " first aid ,. were reported as baving been to during the month of "Cecember. 'With respect to the recent competition for the shield, the tre:lsurer reported that when the accounts were completed tbere would be a good balance in favour of the centre. Yotes of thanks to :\11'. and :\1rs. Lancaster, Messrs. Darby-Western, Gnffiths, and Satchell, Professor Clease and the members of the Athletic Institute, Captain Simmonds and members of the Naval Brigade, 1111'. J. Farndale, Chief Constable, and tbe Police Band, were u nalll ::lOusly passed.

HULL.- This Corps held their annual conversazione on January 7th at St. George's Hall, which proved an unprecedented success. During the past year the of members has rapidly increased-from 75 to 125, and the nurses 48 to 62 By far the larger proportion of these members have dunng the year donned the uniform of the Brigade, according to properly authorised dress reO'ulations. The increase in membership is largely due to the ungrudging support of Blundell. Spence & Co., who themselves have no less than three classes composed of their own employees, the firm most O'enerously defraying the whole of the expenses attached to them. than that, fllessrs. Blundell, Spenc.e & Co. have purchased the regulatIOn ambulance matenal for use 111 theIr own works and a lso offered to p.ay all the expenses for uniform for men. This generous offer been largely accepted, has re!le.ved the local brigade of great finanCIal em barrassmen t. I'll uch credIt IS due to the energetic action of 11r. E. F. Krause, the secretary, for the success of the corps, and a commIttee. There was a capital ·attendance, the gathermg ?emg graced by the presence of th<! Mayor and Mayoress, the Shenff and Mrs. IYhltbck, the Town Clerk ltnd Mrs. Laverack (the lady Mr. W. Holder J P., and 1\1rs. Holder, fllr. Lake (dlstnct manager North-Eastern Railway Company), Rev. D. K. i\Ioore, and Mr. J. French Thompson (han. secretary of the H ul! Centre).

Saturday, the 15th ul t, the Ambulance Brigade held theIr annual supper at the The company met at headquarters at 3.30 p.m., from whIch place they marched through part of the village, through Newton, and down to the School-room headed by the Ambulance Brigade Band. After cloths had removed, Major W ardell proposed the toast of the eveninO' "Her (\[ajesty the <Jueen," in so doing said it was an one, because It was the JubIlee of her Majesty's reign, and where great honour had been on of the Ambulance Brigade, a great number of whIch had partaken 111 the proceedmgs of that great and memorable day. Mrs. Wardell then proceeded to pin the medal on of the m.en who had gained them The Rev. E. E. :\{ orns, M.A., J.P vIcar of Blackwell and chaplain to the corps, made

AID. LFebruary, 1898.

a short speech, in which he proposed the toast of "The St. J Ambulance Association," coupled with the nallle of Major ·Wardell. He had had the pleasure of introducing ambulance work in a district where it was totally unkno\\·n. An enjoyable e\'ening was brouO'ht to a close by the singing of the National Anthem. "

TCE COMPETITION-In Durham Town Hall on January 15th, an interesting display of ambulance work took between the members of the ambulance corps connected with Messrs. Bell Bros., Tur sdale, Browney, and South Brancepeth Collieries. The is an annual one, and is for a very handsome challenge banner whIch was worked and presented for annual competition by Mrs. Johnson, wife of Major Johnson, one of the members of the firm. For the past years tije banne r has been h eld by Tursdale Colliery. The exammatlOl1 was by Surgeon-Major Hutton, and wa s of the character, the :vhole of the work being performed in an exceedIngly smart and satisfactory character. Browney Colliery were adjudged to be the winners, +30 marks; Tursdale came next with {IS marks; and South Brancepeth next with { 10 marks, so that it will be seen the competition in each case was exceedingly close, and for all practical purposes the teams may be considered to be on an equal footing so far as merit is concerned rhe winning team was composed was follows :-Messrs. John Olley, David Og-il"ie, William ClouO'h Jamcs Wilkinson, James Grainger, W. Philip John Craggs, John Wallett, R obert mack, David Kennedy and George Kirkrey.

IDriII

VOLUXTEER AMBULANCE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION

IYedne sday, February 9th, "Introductory Lectures on the Skeleton ,Toints and Muscles;" \Vedn esaav. Februarv 16th, "The Heart, Blood Yessels and Circulation, The P osition of the Viscera." SurgeonCap:ain E. Hughes, London Rifle Brigade. Wednesday, February 23rd, "Fractures and Dislocations and their Treatmenl."

Brigade-Surgeon Lieut.-Col. P. B. Giles, V.B., has been appointed Senior Medical Officer In structor vice Surgeon-Major Stokes, resigned. ST. JOHN BRIGADE.

::"\0. I DISTRICT, :\lETROPOLITAl\' CORPS.

Corps Orders by the Deputy-Commissioner Colonel BawdIer, dated 26th January, I8g8.

o. 1.-The annual meeting of the Honorary Surgeons of the Metropolitan Corps will be held in the Brigade Room at Head Ouarters St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C., on Thursday, the 3rd of r8g8, at 5 p.m.

NO.2 .- \l embers of the Brigade who may be in possession of the Queen's Jubilee Medal will be entitled to wear the ribbon (f of an inch long) on the left breast of their uniforms on a ll occasions, the medal may only be worn on occasions of public duty.

The medal and ritbon to be worn on the right of all other medals and decorations.

By Order \\'ILLlA:\l H. l\IORGAN, Chief Superintendent.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GUARA:Nl'EED BY

The Ocean Accident &Guarantee Corporation, LIMITED,

40, 42, & .44, MOORGATE STREE'r, LONDON, E.C to whom Notice of Claims, under the following cond iti ons, must be se 11 within seven days of accident to tlle above address.)

£100

will be paid by the a.bove COl'pomtiol1 to the legal representative of anyone who is killed by an accident to the Passenger '['I'aill (within the United Kingdom or Ohannel Islands), ill which the llecellsec1 was a tic J< et bearing or paying passenger, or who shal ha\'e been fatftlly injured thereby (should death result within ninet.v days after such accident).

PROVIDED that the person so

BRETT, 5, Pi lgrim Street , Ludgate H ill.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publisher.

:fi3 rev i ties.

TH E reply of the Chief Secretary to the deputation of the Hon Surgeons of the Metropolitan Corps of the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade, has been dealt with in another place, but there are two points that can be mentioned here-one is that almost every medical paper ha s drawn attention to the new departure, and the other is that no correspondent or journal has ve ntured to defend the action of the Central Executiye Committee.

*' lie ,\'0

BUT there is another matter on 'which it gives us great pleasure to congratulate the St. John Ambulance Association, viz. :-the placing of an ambulance station in the Church yard of St. L'l ement Dane's. We belie\'e that this station has long been wanting a resting place, and we are exceedingly glad that it has become l ocated in s uch a good position. It will be intere tll1g to note how man y cases it will attend to.

'* *,;1,

A FEW ambulance worked on the same lines 3.nd placed in the vicinity of large hospitals would be a good start for an ambulance sen·ice. It is obvious that a station placed at some considerable distance from a ho sp ital would require a horse ambulance. If mon ey is ,,'anted to maintain small stations such as these, which are only provided with a litter, we are perfectly certain that it could b e easily obtained by subscriptions

* ,I'

IT is astonishing to see 'i10W practical ambulance is going ahead in some of the pro\'incial towns and country places. At Oldham it is proposed to spend £I:W on a horse ambulance, and in Il1any places mon ey has been found to provide litter s and m;)terial.

* 'i' ,'1>

THE following is taken from a provincial ne\oy spaper, and refers to the Jubilee medal s :-" The medals in order of merit, rank next to the V C. (say our correspondent), so that the recipients mu t think themseh'e \'ery highly honoured and satisfied with such a valuable souvenir of their memorable day's 'work in the 1.etropolis."

*!if

THIS may raise a s mile, and we hope that the favoured recipients will not take too exalted a view of the va lu e of th e Jubil ee medal.

*' *

THOSE of the London Division may deem themselvGs

in having the presentation made to them by VIscount Knut<;ford, Director to the Ambulance Department. His Lordship is always most willing of help on the ambulance movement, and his action and words prove that he is not merely a figure-head, but a buh\'ark of strength to the cause.

lbo1l1e

DEPUTATlO:\ TO SIR. HERBERT PERROTT.

0:-< Fri.day, the I8th ult., a deputation of the Hon. Surgeons of the Metropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, headed by Mr. Samuel.Osborn, the Chief Surgeon, waited upon Sir Herbert C. Perr-tt, the Chief Secretary of the St. Jo:'n Ambulance Association, with reference to the circular recently issued by the Central Executive Committee.

.The deputation was introduced by Colonel Bowdler, Deputy-CommiSSioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and the objections to the Circular were stated by Mr. Osborn, Dr. Black Jones, and 1lIr. Howard. The Chief Serretary, in reply, said that it gave him great pleasure to receive the deputation of l--Ion. Surgeons as it afforded them an opportunity fl)r talking tbings o\'er. With reference to the Home Hygiene circular, it was first brought forward by a medical man, and it was adopted by the meuical men of the Central E.\.e c uti\'e Committee, in fact, scheme for the speci lJ lectures and elemen tary examination certificates was drawn up by the medical Sub-Committee. Home hygiene was now required to be taug'1t in the evening continuation schools, ilnd it was thought enough medical men .:ould not be found to lerture at the small fee. He did not know how the scheme would be taken up by laymen, but he wa, confident in the first year that the specia lecturers would be able to be counted on one's twO hands. He could positively assure the deputation that the Committee would never sanction laymen a5 lecturers on First Aid and :\ursing. He would ask Dr. Black Jones to put his technical objections before him in writing so that he could lay them before the Committee. The standard of examination rested entirely with the Enmining- Board. He was confident that the examination would be a thorouo-h les'. The deputation thanked Sir Herbert Perrott for his courteous reply and withdlell'.

'[be 5 311bilee ffiebaI.

METROPOLITAX CORPS.-,\t the Hugh Myddelton Schools, Clerkenwell, on Saturday, January 29th, medals were to the j\letropolitan members .of the St. John Ambulan.ce Brigade who were on duty on J ubdee Day. Letters regretting absence were read from the Archbishop of York and others_. Among ?thers participating in the were I h nutsford, A.. Jephson, Sir A. Fairbairn, Str Borroll'dade Savoury, Sir ". i\IcCormac, Sir Dyce Duckworth, :\1r. Carter, General Lowry, fill'. Furl.ey, ::VIr. R. :'If ajor H. the, Rev. T. '\Vooc!, and Col. Sir H. C. Perrott (ChIef ISCOllnt h nutsford, Director of the Ambula!1ce Department, said It had a part of bis dutyto support the application of :heir Grand Pnor, the Pnnre of 'i\ ales, to her i\lajesty that she would be pleased to gl?nt these medals. GreRt interest was being t:lken al! ol'er the country In the by those connected the great railways and dock mining and manufactunng centres, police and county c)unctls. Jubilee Day, J 8i, 20 men were on uuty at four but they had S07 men and 103 nursing sisters at 9S stat.lOns. rr e mallY and found nothing- could have been more silusfactonly can.led out. They attended I,439 day .and 7+ night cases, none. bel11g serious. He then proceeded to dlsln bute .the medals, which II ere of bronze and similar to those g-i\'en to the police, to the 556 men and roo sisters of the Metropolita.n Corps, the of th;. gro who were duty being [1'0111 the provInces. A \'OLe of thanks to' Iscount KnutsfOld closed the ceremony,

FIR S T' AID

JL1RCH, I, 1898.

The remarks that \\'e made la t ,,'eek on the HO\fE u bject in connection "'ith the new departure HYGIE;-"'E ha\'e been re-echoed by the profession throughout the whole country, and the doctor ha\'e been ,'entilating their feeling in the me.dical papers ag;ainst the proposed change, The Hon. urgeon of the Metropolitan Corps, St. John A,mbulance Brigade mtt together and decided to end a deputation to the Central Executi\'e Committee to tate their objections to the propo ed cherne, and on another page \\'iJI be found the reply of the Chief Secretary to the depu taLion, This rep 1y undoubtedly put the action of the Central Executi,'e Committee in a more fa\'ourable light than "'hich it had hitherto appeared, and gi \'es a reason for the Committee's deci ion to appoint lay lecturer on the ubject, Thi reason is, to put it shortly, it ,,,a feared ufficient medical men would not be found to lecture at the e\'ening continuation schools for the fee of .£5 55, Thi ,,'e can quite belie,'e, for we cannot see why medical men hould be asked to give ten lectures at lOS 6d. a lecture Surely there are other ways of o\'ercoming the difficulty besides that of taking it out of the hands of the medical profession. Gne is to raise the lecturing fee to £ I a lecture. If Home Hygiene i worth anything it IS worth paying for, and medical men will soon lecture upon it \\'hen they find they ale adequately paid. i\Iany doctors in the country have gi\'en courses of lectures on first aid and nur ing gratis, and there is no doubt that they are getting tired of it; pay them for the work they do and men will be found to do it . It is a. common fact, but only too lyell-known to the public, that there i only one profession that is expected to do philanthropic action , in other words to do something for nothing, and that is the profession One does not expect a lawyer, an archItect, or banker to gi\'e up his profession?l time and experience without payment, but the public and all charitable trade upon the medical profession and, shall we say, Its want of union.

There \Va one point on I"hich we are exceedingly pleased. to observe that the Chief Secretary could make a defimte statement, he assured the deputation that lay lecturers would ne,'er be sanctioned for fIrst aid or There ,is no doubt this will gi\'e great atisfactlOn, and we smcerely hope that this decision will bind not only the present Central Executi\'e Committee but all future ones.

The reply of the Secretary .will, so far as it goes, soften down the agItatIOn that thIS circular has caused but we do .not think it will come to an end yet.

the CommIttee may find some 1JZodus vzvendz' or some ot.her way out the diffi,culty,.if it cannot see its way to WIthdraw the Clrcu,lar, eIther 111 the way of limiting lay leL-lurers or their teaching in some way or other so that they WIll not come into competition with the medical profession.

Bnlbulance 'UijlorTi in 'Uijligan 8. '!District

By R, II. COWAX, HoI', SURGEOX R.A,E, IKFIRMARY, WIGAX.

( Continued,)

I FREQUE:-ITLY give inst:'uction with the roller bandage The use of the stletcher, a,nd the performance of tbe various drills, takes up good deal of time, and ,r have always found fi"e meetings quite m:uffic to ensure a satisfactory carrying through of a course of m,tluctlOn. J hale been told by some of my friellds that 1 go too fully I,nto detar! and on \\"ba,t is not nece;sary, I have reason to belIeve that there IS some tlu:.h In this, but it is my endeavour to

A ID. [ "Jla Nch, J 898.

make the lectures as interesting as possible. .-\fter the termination of the course of instruction, I invariably hold a little examination of my own, This prepares my pupils in some measure for the forn;al examination by the examiner appointed by the Association. 'When this takes place, there is a good deal of mild excitement amo'1g the members of the class. As a rule a large percentage of the men pass, and I often think that tbe official examiner has been more lenient than I should be, rn due time the certificates arrive, and the distribution of these to the successful candidates is generally made the occasion of a congratu, lawry and festil'e g-athering- to which the surgeon-instructor is im'ited, A manager of tbe-colliery -attends to the certificates, or perhaps this portion of the function is performed by his wife or some otber well known local lady, It im'ariably bappens that, in addition to a formal vote of thanks accorded to the surueon-instructor, he is the recipient of a present which is subscribed for by the menlbers of the class, This is often of considerable "alue. but in addition to its in, trinsic yalue, it is much prized a a wUI'enir of many pleasant evenings del'oterI to a \l'OtY in which he deligh ts and takes an interest in. So ends the a.\'erage ambulance class in connection with a and speaking personally, it is a pleasant duty and generally followed by gratifying results to the teacher and those taught. only in 1,Yigan, but in nearly ail the out townships these c1asse are beld, and there must be some hundreds of men holding certificates, and I have no doubt that the holder:; of these ha ye often had the opportunity of putting into practice the details they ha\'e learnt.

The London and :\orth W estern Railway Company take a keen interest in ambulance work, and encourage their sen'ants in many ways to acquire instruction. I ha \'e had several successful classes. and bave twO going on at the present time-the members being men employed at the passenger station. It may not be generally knol,n that the Company have lately instituted a competition among the yarious ambulance classes on their system, This takes place annually, the successful team holding the challenge shield, and e:lch member of it receiving a medal. The competition, in the first instance, takes place in districts, arranged s') for the conyen ience of competitors, the winners in each district then competing in the competition proper which is held at Crewe. There is an immense interest taken in this, as had an opportunity of noticing-. as it was my privilege to act as judge in one of the district competirions last year; I should state that the materials for the classes are all pro"ided by the Company free of cost. The 'Yigan and Technical School have for some years instituted ambulance classes; these are held during tbe winter season and are \I'ell attended There is a class for women, and in addition to instruction in first aid, there are lectures on sick nursing for them. The classes are held quite in accordance "ith the regulations of the St. John Ambulance Association, a doctor practising in the town is selected for the instructor, and tbe course is inmriably opened by a free popular lecture to which both sexes are im·ited The opeiling lecture is usually illustrated by lantern slides and the instructor is at liberty to choose his own subject. A.t the termination of this introductory meeting, enrolments are taken for the course of lectures. Intending students fill up a form, and pay the modest sum of one shilling; for this fee they are not only entitled to attend the lectures and undergo examination without furthel' cost, but they re<.ei,'e two triangular bandages and Shepherd's little book on first aid The students are often young men who are taking out classes in other subject" taugbt at the school, mining, geology, chemistry and so forth. Many of them are studying for the examination in conn:!ction with the mining profession, and it is often the aim of a colliery manager to obtain an ambulance certificate; indeed, they often attend two or three classes and so qualify themselves to buy the medallion authorised by the Association. A large number of the pupils are colliers, who come from distances from cOLlntry districts) and there are also young men from all classes of society.

My pupils, howev er, are not aiways young men. At my last class held ,-ery recently, I had an old gentleman in the class verging on 60 years of age, Frequently as many as ninety enrolments are made, and the attendance is very good. :'I-10st members of the class are attending for the first course of instruction, and the others for the second and third time, A little confusion, o r rather misunderstanding, is occasionally observed; it doe s not always seem to be clearly understood that twelve months must elapse between the examinations, and some men seem to think that when they have passed the third examination, that the Association are good enough, and liberal enough, to make them a jJ1'fSe71t of the medallion, an amusing idea which has to be explain;>d away. A very large percentage of the pupils present themselves for examination, and the certificates and medallions are presented at a subsequent meeting, when a fre e popular lecture is given, and a new class inaugurated The .instructor receives a fee for each lecture. There is no doubt that the authorities of the i\lining and Tech nical School are doing a good work in encouragmg ambulance instruction, This is recognised by tbe continued successes of th e classes, and the long distances tbat men come from to attend them. In conclusion, I think I car, claim tbat we in \ Vigan and district do a very great deal in the way of Ambulance Instructi o n, and, so ong as accidents happen here, there will always be a willing bal,d of men fully qua li fied and anxious to administer" First Aid."

::\larch , 189 8.J FIRST @ur U;aIIerp.

J. EO\YI\, ROPER, ESQ C.E., TRA\'sPORT CPERIXTE:\DE:\T OF THE LE1 CE TER CORPS, ST, JOH\, _-\\lBl'LA\'CE BRIGADE.

_-\LL tho e \yho attended the C onference 0 f the St. John _-\ m b u 1a n c e Brigade at Leicester 1 a s t ,'ear \Y i 11 b e plea ed to see t hat }lr. ].

Ed \\- i n Roper occupies our Gallery th i montb.

}lr. Ropenvas borninLeice ter in It 60 being the only on of the late J oseph Roper, and his education \ya commenced at Silc03tes L'oilege, nCar \Y akefield, and comple ted under a pri \"ate tutor at N' ottingham. He en"ed hi articles as an architect and suryeyor with }Ic r. Shenton and Baker, of Leice ter, and after experience deriyed at vVindsor and elsewhere was :1ppointed a si tant to the Borough Engineer and Suryeyor of Leicester, which post he till h olds.

}Ir. Roper has ahyays indulged in athletic sports, but the pastime \yhich he is mo t attached cycling, He has been chalrman of the local centre of the ::\.C.C, and Chief Consul of the Cycli ts Touring Club for the Count" of Leicester for q6-7, during \"hich time he in<::reased the member s from 131 to _p and the lad\" members from 6 to 96

The that he has long taken in ambulance ,,"ork led him to form the Leicester Crcli ts' Ambulan ce CIa and Diyision - the fir t e\'tr held exclu iYely for cyclist. His ambulance .knowledge ha toad him in good tead on many occaSlOns, when he has been able to render assistance tl1at has sa ,'ed uffering if not life itself.

Ur. Roper's work in connection with the Brigade is well kn own. For three year he has held the post of Transport Superintendent to the Leicester Corps, a position entailing a great deal of work on account of there being in all ten ambulance tations, consistina of one horse ambulance waggon and nine hand litter are to be obtained at any time of the clay or night. He has done duty with the )Ietrop olitan Corps on se\'eral occasions and ba been in attendance at all the Confe r ences, being assistant Hon. Sec. at the last one in Leicester.

The abo\'e sketch sholVs that JUr Roper" help, whateYe r h e takes up , is most ,'aluable, and tl12.t energy, perseverance and hard work, combined with genialitv are the weapons he use \V e hope tbat the Leicester Uorps will for many years haye the benefit of his ervices.

LrVE RSEDGE,-Theannual meetin<Y of this branch of the St. John was held on bFebruarY9th, the Rev W, Fowler (v Icar! pre sldm g. Mr. H erbert Heaton, chairman of the District Co un cil, presented the medallions and 37 cert i ficates.

A I D. 209

tlnlbnlance in

:-\ LECTuRE this subject was giyen by Dr. HeatOn C, HOIu,'d a: BlI1field Hall. BlI1field Road. Clapham Road. on the -th ult the R \\'. E,H.Sothebybell1<Yin the chair. e\.

Dr. IlowarJ the title gi,'en to this subject Daturalh' dil ided it par,ts? \'Iz ambulance as it at present in and as. m hIS 01?1I11On. It to carried Out, .-\111 bulance in this cin' is and although e,'erybody ought to be m l,t. lt "as surpns1I1 u holl' people knew anything It. or \\ere a\\are of the urgent that exists for an ambulance service The a rule decline ro tOuch it, and asit has not yet the, d?malll o! P?litics,no public man has giyen it 111 uch attentlo,n. and It IS therefore lett In the hands of the philanthropists. The hrst part of the sU?Ject could be dil'ided into three \\'o:k Out the that of the Hospit:ds and ;). thaT 01 the :::'t. John .-\lllbulance and n the City el'ery consuble has to obtain the certificate of the John Ambulance _-\s:,ociation, In iorm.:r days thel e \\'as no ambulance instruction in the. Police. no\\' eler), man who enters the force has a cenam amount 01 ll1struction during his training-. about three or four lectures without any stretcher drill. He cal} at his option afterwards go in for the certifiC-ate of the -r. John ,-\mbulance Asso.ciaticn, but is is not compulsory. and be was informed that about one 111 ten lias the percentage of those certificated, There are at the present time many of the older constables who ha I'e had no insLluction at all. On enquiry at some of the :\Ietropolitan Hospitals it was found that the number of accident case recei\'ed at the doors in which first aid had been rendered \\'as Yery fell'. prol'ing pretty conclusiHly that the present sy-tem of ,teachmg of nrst aid amongst the not of good, .-\gall1, transport work 1\'a most important in this citr, and It tbat the police recei\'ed practically no instruction upon it. The police litters which lYere kept at the stations, \Iere yery cumbersome with iron tyres, and not suitable for serious accidents, but II ere admirably for and disorderly people. ,-\ccidents ought be be mo,'ed

111 a pr?per or a horse ambulallce, Too much time lYas occupied 111 geumg the lmer and also 111 takmg the case to tbe hospilal-bet\\een one and mo being usual time. and dUI ing tbis period the pollee >;I'ere taken lrom tbell pr0per duries of the streets, He made no complaint against the police as a body-tbe\'::' did their be5t but the system was at bult, It was not to be wondered at that the constable preferred taking a patient in a cab or tram to fetching the litter.

Through the kindness of :\Ir. Ryan, the Hon, Sec the lecturer was enabled to gi,'e particulars of the 1Y0rk of the Hospitals tion It commenced operations in 'go and nolY has S-; stations placed in \'arious parts, Each station is a box containing a litter with sfJlints and bandages, tourniquet. scissors and box can be opened br anyone but there is no attendant in charge. The litter is three,wheeled and has to be wheeled from bebind ,,,ith the two Wheels in from-the police do not sholl' much skill in its use, In 195 I./91 cases were remo\'ed by these litters. but this number is not quite accurate. because it is not known boll' Dian\, times some of tbe boxes ha ye been used.

Tbe t. John Ambubn"ce :\ssoci nion has 27 boxe" placed at \'arious parts containing stretchers, splinrs.0.::c" but there is no record of the number of times they are used. The lecturer ga\'e further particulars of the Association and Brigade which are well knOll n to the readers of this J ourna!. There is a station with an attendant in charge at St. Paul's and one about to be opened at St. Clement Danes Church in the trand, Tbe Brigade turns out to do dutl' in the streets on special occasions, but as it is a voluntary body, they could not be expected to do daily ambulance work, The Association has done a noble work. and the lecturer felt sorry that it had not yet inaugurated an ambulance ser\'lce.

There lYa no horse ambulance J.I'ailable for street accidents except those of the St John Ambulance Association, The present ambulan.::e arrangements might be summed up as folloll's : - Tbe police ha,'e sole charge except on special occasions, and as a body they are not sufficiently instructed. especially in transport work -the time in gelling the ambulance is much toO long and I'aluable time is wasted in tak ing the case to the hospital-the police litters except those of the Hospitals _\ssociation are not suitable fOJ accident cases and cags and other unsuitable I'ehicles are oJten used.

The sliuht ad\'ances that h:1.\'e been made in the last fell' years show that there"'is a growing feeling amongst some of our puhlic officials that something more ouO'ht to be done for London in the way of providing better J.mbulance accommodation, and it is with this idea that he \'emured to suggest IIhat we ought to expect from an ambulance sen'ice and ho,," we ought to <Yet it, but be wished bis audience to distinctly'understand that be \las only putting fonyard his OIm ideas and that no one else was responsible for them. It \\'as just as well to mention that Cvntinental cities find it neces ary to hal'e an ambulance sen·ice-Paris, Berlin, \ 'ienna, Buda Pesth. ,..\c. L'\ew \ ork, "it,b a population of 2,000,000, has 20,000 calls in a year; populatIOn 900,000, has 8,000 calls, He had heard these torelgn ambuhnce sen'ices spoken of in this country in an uncomplimenrary manner, but it seemed that whether these sen'ices were s uita ble or not, or were

procee; at Hollings. ecr,etaryof the E. R. cen:re, _-\';nsle,' and o:ber friend::. A ,'ore ,or thank:; to :\1r, a,nd :\1rs. Harrioori' was moyed by the Hon. Chaplam and seco.nded by .h: Re,·. John 'Yilson and Fir!;: Officer Fors:er. :\ .smotClng conc.er. followed when uperintenden: Harrison resumed hIS addre::s. tra.clDg out :he histOry of the di,'ision and pointing om ,he ad"an:ages Brig-ade formation. He added chat ::heir attem, to en:er the dlnslOn for the Brivade J compe:i:ion showed tha: :he Gateshead Fell the Donou; of being the pioneer di':ision. in tge t.wo nonhe.rn and urged upon the mem bers th.e ot beIng first m effic:enc3 as weli as in the number vf :;helr dl\·lslon. !-"le. was glad to that other di"i::ions were bein:! formed in the nelghllou:-hood. and In com, pe:ition5 they I"ould mee formidable ri,'al;: the n;w I.ocal di\ isions of the Brio-ade, The members of the dll·I,.lOn en,enalOed their g-Ilests with music and recim:ion, the follO\\lng part:urg-eon - Instruc:o. "-. H. Dayis, PriYates the ReI'. J. "Iison, T. JJC;';SOll. C, Hope. and Greener and Phew, old mpmbers of the c'as =es, and ,\fro Deilow. sen., a member of the present class. .Accomp:J.nis:s. ,\fessrs and T. .-\ was and the proceedlOgs conduaed with .:\atlOnal , DERSFIELJ).- The hrs: annual meeting was held m the :\rcade Drill Hall. on 27th January. :\1r. Georg-e T. Rayner .he chair. There was a fairly g'ood ar;.endance. of members. both ladles and gentlemr>n. 'J he hon. 01r :\. E. Rushworth) then read :be repOrt, from \I hich we take the :- The number of names on :be nil is fifty-one men and twenty-fi\'e Our best thanks are due to Drs. Rolfe. Porritt. Shaw. and 1 hornton. who ha\'e yoluntarily, and at <Treat personal sacrifice, instructed these cla::ses, Classes h31'e also been held for members of the I:orough pollce force tramway employE:s, and al50 at the :\1.:\1.c..-\. and Lindley :\Iechanics Institute. The Trea'Ourer OIr. G, T. Ra}ner) then read the balancesheet which sho\\':::d a halance ol fter meeting- all liabilities of £I I8s. The 01 officers then took place, and the were appOlO ted to the se"eral_ position.s surgeon, Dr. .Rolfe: ch.,ef superintendent. :\lr. .:\oble; dnl! mstructor, :\1r. A Smnh:. supenntendent inspector of materials. :\!r. J. Beaumont: superintendent secretary, :\lr. A. ,E. Rushll'orth: hon: treasurer. '\1r. J. T. Rayne: : nursing di'.-ision. hon. surgeon. Dr. Porntt: lady ;:\115s Day: inspector of materials. hon. :\11,5 Berry: executi,'e committe£. '\lessrs. ], GledhIll. J. S. ArmltaO'e. L. Robson, C. Clas:;, J. Siswick, Turner, '1. Johnson, F. Taylor. :\lis5 Hardy, :\Ii::s Gill. and ':\Irs. Haig. The meeting terminated I"ith the usual yates of thanks to the chairman and retiring officer::. lRTHL1:'1'SBOROl r.H.-A public meeting was held in the Board Ch :lOl5 recenth', Dr. \\'. pre.siding- o\'er a Yery fair attend:mce.

Chief Superintendent Hilton. uperintendent :\icholson, and Sergeants Franci:; and meathers, of the 'Yellingborough Corps were also present.

Chief Superintendent Hilton. in addressing the meetinO'. described the ambulance wor", generally, and congratulated the Irthlingborough men on their ::uccess, each candidate pas;;ing his examination. An ambulance demo:lstration was then gil'en on the pLatform by the members. 'uperintendent Sicbolson afterwards addressed the meeting, and in congratulating' the men on their equipment, and the manner in which they went through the yariOU5 in the demoD5tration, complimented the corps in ha"ing such an indefatigable instructor as Dr. Robb, and hoped tbey woula continue the good work, and pro\'e worthy opponents to their near neiahbours the \YelJingborough Corps. Chief Superintendent Hilton then presented tl:e certificates and medallions.

'YELU:\GBORO'·GH.-,-\t a recent meeting oi the Ambulance Corps. it \\'a5 decided to again enter the competi,ion for the Simon Eccles Cup. and if a Brigade Camp can be :J.rranged. to again join in the same. It \\'a,,; stated that at leJ.st £100 per yeJ.r was required for properly carrying out the \\'ork of the corps, aad it was decided to stan a subscription list with the "iew of getting that amount. instead of holding a bazaar, as at firot suggested.

\\ ETG'-\'TE.-A most successful concert. arranged by :\Iiss Quested. on behalf of the maintenance fund of St. Sa,'iour's Schools, was gi"en at the Rooms. \Yestgate , on- ea, on February 22nd. An additional feature was the of the medals awarded to the \\' estgate -on-Sea Di\'ision of the St. John .-\mbulance Brigade, for street duty in London on Jubilee Day. Dr. treet said all present were protabl)' aware of the ceremony which was to take place between the two pans of the concert, "iz the presentation of the Jubilee ruedals awarded 10 those mem bers of the local corps of the Sl. John Am bulance Brigade wbo had earned tbem by sen'ices on the occasion of the celebration of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee in June last. He had been asked to pIe , <ent the medals to the members of the Corps because he had had the pleasure of being their instructor. The station allotted to the "'estgate Corps was at London Bridge, and tbere they did good service, and each of thoc:e who took part would recei,'e the Jubilee medal struck in honour of the e,·ent. Those to whom he had that evening to present the medals were Superintendent \'enis, Staff-Sergeant Cornelius, Sergeant Lanchhery, Printes Case. Hales, Kinmont, Peddar, Pike. Roots, Sawney, Stewart, \Yard aad \'\'right. Dr. Street then pinn-;d the medals on the breast of each member in the order named, and on the conclusion of this ceremony, he asked Brigade Chief, Superintendent

AID. 1 8 9 .

Church Brasier. of the Jchn _-\mbulance Brio-ade. to say a few words. Brigade Cbief-Superintendent Church Brasier said it mio-bt <eem from the brae nu:nber of medals granted tbat tbey were of httle bu: he them that it required a great deal of influence to ohtain rI::a: reco!?TIition of the sen'ices rendered on Jubilee Day They were ob:ained 1->,' :.he influence of Home ecretary. wbo personally broug:-t: :he IT;:J.::er before H.er :\Iajesty s notice. and Her at once consente::! :0 rnedal5 bemo- to and women for r.heir sen'ices on the day of her DIamond J umlee. \\ Ilh regard to Lhe "'esu:;ale COrp5. he said the people of "'estg_ate had reason to te prot:d of it. He that the ir,habitants of wou d no: be backl\'arci in 5uppor:mg the Corp.:, whIch was on e of lne bes: belong-inO' to the St. John :-\mbulance Brigade. (Applause.) On the mo:ion- of Colonel Copeland. a ,'ote of tban:-s was accorJed D:. :reet for ;:he interest he h. d taken in the Corps and also for dlstrJbu:ing ;;he medals. and this ha\'ing been ackno,,,ledged. the concen wac resumed.

\\'I:\DSOR A:\D ETo\',-The first annual meeting of the abo,e was held:J.t ;:he Aloen In=tltute on Februan' 2nd. The chair was taken by '\lr. "-. Fairbank, and about 3'; members attended. J. :\1. Flint wa5 unanimously asked to take the dutie of h.:..n. sec, for the ensuing year. In accepting. :\1r. Flint stated as there was no .of manag-emen- and no superintendent. he bad found the responSIbilities of the first four months of the existence of the corps ,'ery mucb more onerous than he contemph;:ed when taking 0ffice. :\lr. H. Burton was unanimously elected superintendent, and .:\lr. pencer was re-elected superintend-enL of stores. This \\'as also unanimous,

En Elnbulance 'Crain.

A curious and interesting- ambulance rehearsal was made the otber day under one of the chief Prussian military surgeons. Dr. ThaI. An ambulance train. complete in every detail, and consisting of eighteen carriages (six ambulance, six kitchen, one provision, one luggage, one for the doctors, and one for the nurse,,) started from Berlin for 'YJttenberg, manned by fortY-l \\ 0 soldiers representing "sick and wounded," eiO'ht hospital assistants, eight students. and eight nurses. The t\l'O head army surgeons, Dr. y. Coler and Dr. \'. Leuthold, a" \"ell as the Prussian of \"ar. Dr y. Gossler, accompanied the expedition as impecting ,'isitors. Tbe first halt was made at Giiterbof (abou;: one hour from Berlin), when the lifting in and out of the sick and wounded. undressing, putting- to be':l. were rehearsed. Then as the train "em on the "feeding" of [he pnients began. tbe provisions for which had been cooked en route. .-\t \\'iaenberg the train was left and the transport of the patients to an open space, with nur"inO'. feeding, &c rehearsed. Tni" accomplished, the tr:J.in returned to Berlin. The three \'i>itors and Dr. ThaI expre5sed themseh'es as highly satisfied with the efficiency of all the arrangements, and it is only to be hoped that the fony -two "sick and wounded" will not be laid up in good from o"ereating- the:n,eh·es.-Britlsh J£e:ilcal Journal. rWe recommend thiS to the notice of our railway directors. It is something like railway ambulance.-ED.=

COUPON TICKET

SPECL-\.LLY GLl.Rd.XTEED BY

The Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corporation, LIMITED

40, 42 & 4 4, MOORGATE STREET , LONDON, E. e to whom Xotice of unrler the rollowing conditions, mll be sen "i5hin seven days of accident to tile above adLlre",.)

£100

wiUlJe paid b.y the Corporation to tile legal representath-e of an.lone who b killen by all accident to the Pa5:;enger'Train (withiu the L'nited Kingdom or Channel I lamb). ill \,'hich the deceased was a ticket bear in/{ or paying passenger, or who shall ha\'e "een fatally injured thereuy (should death r esult withill nine!.\- days after sllch accident).

PROV I DED that the person so killed or injured had upon his or her person. or had left at home this ticket, with hie, or her, usual signature, written prior to theaccidellt, on tlJe"pace prol'idfrl below. which, together with the giving of notice within the time as hereinbeiOl'e mentioned. is the essence of this contract insurance holds good for current issue on ly. and carries the benefits of

H ill.

F OR 12 months. IS. 6d., po-t free) to be to the P ubli her. :fBre\1ittes.

I x another column \yill be found a letter from :\1r. F ' Donald :\l ackenzie. _-\:3"-istant Commi.::sioner, t. John --\mbulance Brigade. etting forth the true yalue of the J ubilee :\ledal. \Ye recommend it to the notice of the recipients. ;;.;;;*

IT "'ill be remembered that at the end of February a fire occurred in Pleydell Court. Bom'erie treet, at \yhich two children were 'suffocated The Daz'Z, ,,:Ycu's had a leadelette upon the subject. and the follo"'ing sentence appears in it :-': It i impos-ible to exaggerate the importance of fir·t aid' in _uch accidents, but the efficient organi ation of sllch aid seem at pre.::ent be".-ond the resource:: of ciyilisation." , * r.

IT i- ome\"hat surpri.::ing to _ee such a s\\eeping assertion in a paper "'ith the reputation of the Dmfto _" TelL's. ,\re h3.rdly think that our readeL, especiaJh' tho e engaged in 3.mbubnce organiations. \"ill agree with it. Let full po\yer-- be gi\'en. accompanied "'ith sufficient money. and lye can guarantee that an efficient fir:-t aid orcranisation could be carried out in London. There are plenty of men in the ambulance "-orJd ,,-ho could do ir. and it ,,-ould be efficient enough to -3.tisfy rno"t people. although eyerybody's interpretation of the term might not the samt'.

\\ HE::\ laymen attempt t; irnp:lrt instruction in first aid, it is curious to notice hO\,' often the\' lea\'e out something ,,-hich i ab oluteh' e_sential to the :::.ubiecr. In a journal called Jizilz'll,; Ellgi7/ccrz'1l/: is an article b,- a layman on Fir-t _-\id to the Injured." Cnder fractLlres all that i said about treatment i- : Before attempting to rnm'e a patient from the pbce of the accident. the part must be secured -omething firm \'\'hich ,,-ill pre\'em the broken bone from mo\'ing." _-\gain. in artificial no mention ,,-hate\'er i' made of the :nethod of inducing expiration ann in-piration. Ja,'man \\'oldd do rnu:h better clltting a fe,,' pages out of a text-book, and embod\'ing them in his" es-a,'," than in trusting to his '

TO CORR

\Ye ha\'e to thank most heartily our c rrespondents in all pans of the country for the interest t:ley take IJ1 this journal, and for the cuttinO's, 6.:c they h:J.\'e sent It \\'ill be th:lt all c:J.nnot be inserted, and we hope that our correspondent:' I\ ill forgi"e the Editor if he is obliged to his discretion and Cut COW\1 or omit SOme of their reports.

N OTrCE.-,-\n article, specially ",ritten ior this journal by Chirurgus. will appear next month.

'Cbc 3ubilee MebaIs.

PRESE:\T,\TlO:\ AT PRESTO:\.

Thee \\'as a b:-ze and fashionable g-ailierinO' in the Guild Hall

Pres:O:1. on Saturd1Y af:ernoon. the ):h ult.. the occasion of presen:a.ion d med' Is to :hose memners of the St. Tohn _-\mbulance Brig:ide who v"k nJ.rt in the celebra.ion of the Oueen's Jubilee in June laSt. in L m": ·n. :lnd who are resident in -1- district of tbe Brigade. which comprises ;he counties of Lancac:hire. Cumberland. and Cheshire. -ir Herbet Perr )ic. Ban the chiei secretar, of the :\S5()ci:J.:ion, h:J.d kindly perform the dm)' ot pinning :he me.Jab on ;:he breasrs oi [he recipien:s, The "-orsbipful tbe ':\Ltyor of Pre£ton -\lder:n:J.n Du!:n) pre_ided. supporting- him were- .\lr. "'. -E. ':\I. Tomlin_on Colonel Hunt, '.\Iajor- T. C. Trim' (depUe) commis::ioner of -!- Distric:. dem \u .!. Dis:rict), L. 'Yhi"aker (.\ccring-ron) -\lderm:ln '''oods. J.:P, Preston). .:\lajJr Little Chiei Constable. Pre:;ton , Dr. :\leh'ille ,Pym B:r;rowford\. C:lpt:J.in 'YarelDg- (1\':J.rrington). Drs. ellers. COliIn::on, Ho den, and BDwn (Pres:on). the ReL Georg-e .:\1". "', P. Park. ],P Dr. Sharples LI)T'ck HaIi,. Dr. Dickel(Colne. Dr Pooley ,-\sk:tm, ::\Ir. Herben Brieney lFulwood J district 8ecre::ln': Dr. Greig- ,-\cering-t.'n). :\1r. B:J.ker (snperintendent oi the Pre-ton Corps). Mr. :\. Howartb secretary of !he PrestO:1 Corp;;). &:c. The :\Iai'or. wh" W:J.S cordialh- recei,'ed. :;aid. aiter a iew in,roducrofl;' I' am g-i\'en to under5t:J.nd th:J.t durina tbe bst two ,ears no fewer th:J.n 20;) hal'e occurred in \\'hich members oi ,he'Bri haye gi\'en relief un:il meJic:J.l assistance arri\'C!d. I obsen'e iron; the annual report of the Chief Constable of Preston that [he chid constable. chief inspecwr. tbree and '0 constables hold the St. John .-\mbulance certificate, During rhe year the police h:J.\'e rendered assistance ro i persons in case:; 0,' accident or sudden illness. and hHe been :J.o:e to pm to practiol account the in truction recei,'ed by them in the ambuiance ,-\nd no\\' i, is our ple:J.sant du;\, to welcome amongst us Cohnel Sir Herber: Perrott. the Chief Secretcin' of the t. John _-\m bulance :\ssoci:rtion.

Colonel :ir Herbert Perrott said. in the first place he bad to express the grea: gracification it was ro him to hal'e the opponunity oi coming to a meeting- of the officers and members of the :\0 .!. District of tbe -r. John Brig:J.de. It wa- not the first opponunity he h:J.d had of addre5sing :J.:1 audIence in Pre'tOn, It \\'as his good fonune three years ago La come there. on that occasion he l\':J.S surrounded by members of the Lancashire County Council. ,-\irer gi"ing a short history of ;:he Order of Sr. Joh'1. he s:J.id rh:lt the ,-\ssocia:ion. recog-nisingthe la number of accidems in the mining districts -more p:J.rticularly in the midland count:es-thoug-ht the e:nablishment of a Sl. John ,-\mbulance for the transpo!''t of the injured to the hospi:als. where they could be properly treated. would be :l good thing. and no\\' in almost the whole of the mining di-rrict5. those ambul:tnce tramports were to be found. They :1lso establi:;hed :J. of cottage hospit:J.I.5. and manr of them in the country districts knol" I"hat rh:J.c meant. Then thel' e::;:a"lished a sYStem of' awards w ci,'ili:tns who h:ld risked their lil'es to sa\'e those or' others, They likewise est:J.blished a great sy::tem of ambul:tnce II'ork for :liding the SiCK and wounded in W:lT. and during the Fnnco-Genuan I"ar they rendered relief to French and German alike. They did the Slme in Egypt and Zululand if] facl. there had been fel\' wars of any cons€quence in recent years in which the -:. rohn ,-\m bubnce .-\ssociation had not rendered g-reat :lssistance [0 the Eick \\'ounded They had establisbed a ho pinl at Jerusalem more p:trricubrl\' jor the rre:J.tment of oph,balmia. On nuking inquiry they found in ":uious m:J.!1 ufactories :J.nn mines the n umber of accidents that occurred far exceeded the number of ca.5ualtie that often took place in time of \\',1[. and they therefore determined to extend the work of the ,-\mhulance ,-\ssoci:ttion :Imong-st the cil'il popubtion, and from rh:J.t small beo-inuing had g-ro\\'n work of the t. John .-\mbu!ance ,\ssociation rt "':to only twenty Year" since it began, bill since th:J.r time tbe work had extended [0 'e,'ery p:m or the habit1.ble glObe. There was no p:trt of the world in which they could find peopl.e holc!ing tbe certificate of the St. John ,-\mbubnce ,-\SSOCI:tTlOl1. Gratifying ;ppro"al had been shown by the medical a body, They had afforded it eyery encouragement and UppOTt 10 their pOI'\'er. an j done all tbey could to :J.ssist and extend work branch of the work in which he took the deepest IDterest was th:J.t at the im'alid transport branch, :\losr of the members. the Royal Famil>' LOU].;. the ilLmo. interest in the \york of fhe ,-\SsoCI:ltJon :lnd hac!

given striking proofs of that interest by sitting for certificates, by aivina the medals gained. The Queen, too, took the deepest Interest in th;' work, and it "as by her special that who were present on the memorable occasion of the DJa.mond J ubdee, and who had the aood fortune to take part in the proceedings, should be awarded special it was not only the members of the Briaade who desen'ed thell' best thanks, but they owed a deep debt of arafitude to the members of the medical profession; because, were It for the members of the medical profession there would be no members of the St. John ,\mbulance Brigade. There II'<IS in London a Central Committee on which were a large number of ?f the medical profession, Some of them. were men of the hIghest eminence in their profession, and from that tIme onward to the present both they and the Prince of \Y ales, who was at the head of the Order of St. John, had rendered "aluable service and gi\'en them all that s upport and co-operation it \\'as in their power to afford He again took the opportunity of his ,gratification at the opportunity of meeting them once again, and seemg so mn.nr, not only members of the Lancashire brigade, but also so many ladles and gentlemen of Lancashire who were interested in the \york of the St John Ambulance Clatlon. (,-\ppbuse.)

Sir Herbert then pinned the medals on the breasts of the the follo\\'in a bein a a list of those Jecorated :-Deputy-CommlsslOner

C. J. J. C, Derham, Keswi ck Di\'ision, "rinsford Division, \Yalton-l.e-:!:?ale Divi.sion, Division Barrowford Di\'ision, Caine DI\'ISlOn, Accnngton Dl\'1510n, Nelson Division, Clitheroe Di\'ision, ancl Preston Division.

The :\layor said he rose with peculiar pleasure t o propose a hearty and cordial \' ote of thanks to Sir Herbert Perrott for hIS kll1dness and courtesy in coming there and decorating the members of the St. J obn l\mbulance Brigade. lIe was sure everyone was deeply ful to him for the sacrifice he had mad!::, and espeCIally for the adm1l'able address he had gi\'en and thc intellectual treat he had afforded them,

The motion was carried \\'ith acclamation.

Colonel Sir Herbert Perrott, in responding, said he could hardly find \\'ords sufficient to expreS3 his appreciation or the hearty vote of thanks that had been accorded to him, on the motion of his Wor ship, seconcled by .\Iaj or Trimble, nor could he sufficiently th:ll1k them.

:\[r. IV. E. i\I. Tomlinson, :\I.P., who was "ery cordially received, said before they separaled he was sure it would be their wish to testify their gratification at finding the chair occupied on that occasion by the Right Worshipful the \Iay or of Preston, and he tl!ought he mIght ask those ladies and gentlemen who had honoured them with _heir presence that day to join in the support of the resolution of thanks to Dr. Dunn.

Dr. Sellers seconded the motion, and it was carried with cheers

The ;\la),or said it had gi\·en him great pleasure to be present that day, and he could assure them he had benefitted very much from the information he had recei ved of the good work done by the St. John Ambulance Association. He would not detain them longer, but content himself with sincerely thanking them for the Yote, and wishing the St. John Ambulance Association every success in the future.

(Applause.)

DUDLEY.

A yery pleasant and interesting meeting of the Dudley Co;-ps, 1St Division, of the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade, was held in the Town Hall on Y\'ednesday, the 16th, the occasion being the presentation by Commissioner Woolston of the Jubilee Medals to the fourteen officers and privates who attended for street duty in Lond on on the occasion of Her i\lajesty's Jubilee procession. The Chief Superintendent, :.'Ill'. J. Slater, commenced the proceedings by reading a short paper on the" Origin of the St. John Ambulance Association."

The Assistant Commissioner (wh o had previously inspected the corps and complimented the men on their smart appearance and efficiency), then addressecl the meeting, his subject being" B rigade IVork," in which he po!nted out the necessity of keeping all stores in a good and clean condJtlOn, the general usefulness of ambulance corps especially for those who had adopted the uniform; and urged upon the members getting well up in the clrill as set down in the regulations, and gave as his motto for the ensuing season the three words, "Skill, Courage and Discipline," lle then afterward presented the followin cr officers and men \"ith the ] ubi lee i\Iedals :-Chief Superintende;t J. Slater

Superintendent A. T. Dawson, 1st officer \y, E Hartland, lst class numerary officer and G. H. Hartland, and privates Rollason, Tlb?etts, Clarkson, .Pnce, :\Ience, Broster, \Vinshill, Thompson, and OlliS, l.he medals being pinned on the uniform by :\1155 Slater; the follOWIng men also recel\'ed the "long service" badges, namely, Rolhson, Clark.on and Tibbetts. The remainina portion of the e\'ening ,,:as given up to a "social," at which members added to the enjoyment of members and friends present by giving songs, recitations, solos, &c. The singing of the National Anthem brought a yery pleasant el'ening to a close.

1Rail\)Ja\? IDisRster in 'J!onbol1.

JUST before nine o'clock on the morning of the 21st ult., a railway accident occurred close to the St. J ohn's Station on the South Eastern Railway, by which three passengers lost their live s, and six were or less seriously inj ured. The se\'en o'clock express from Hastmg s, kno\\n as the American car train, came into collis ion with the 7.45 up train from Tonbridge when St. John's Station, with a result which, serious as it was, might easily have been much. more so. The accidem seems to haye been primarily due to fog, whIch necesSItated the stopping, about 300 yards outsi.de St. J 's S tati?I1, of the bridge train, in obedience to the SIgnal, whIch the dnver could Just make out in the fog to be against him. tram was l:eavIly lad en with seaso n ticket holders, mz.ny of whom were !h e rear guard of the Tonbridge train, knowing he was a !Ittle behll1d tllne and that the Hastings corridor express was the tram whIch usually follm\'ed him, felt some \\hat anxious at the detentio n, and oo king out towards ,the front of his train, endeayoured to see the sigmtl box through the bank of fog. \\'hil st so engaged he heard tl:e roar of an approaching train. In stantly he reali.sed that the Ha st Ing s express was upon him. He jumped, on to Ime, and he J'Cln a\\'ay fr om the dan O'er the collision occurreo. The nOIse was ternfic, and ,,'as the first warning gi\'en to the station officials at St: John's. It was fol10\\ ed instantly by a cleafenin uproar of escap!l1g steam. from the express engine and the shrieks of the shak,en p::.ssengers. to the massi\'enessof the cor·idor coaches ana to the hct that the dnyer of the express had been able to slow down to about half in hrief period between his sighting the tail lightslof the Tonbndg.e tra1l1 and the actual not a pane of glass was hroken III the Has tings train, and no passengers in it more than a rude shakinO' due to the sudden application of the po\\'ertul brakes 'er)'? different was the fate of the Tonhridge train. Th e big express enaine trn.vellino- as near as could be estimated :tt about t\\'enty-fl\'e miles dn hour, the rear coach containing the guard's \'[111 and luggage compartment with such force as to. cause it t? crash right through the third-class c:1rriage immedIately 111 front of It. That carriage was crowded with passengers, and nobody who has seen \Heckage can fail to m'H\'el that anyone haye from It. But se\'eral passengers escaped with comparatl\'ely cuts bruises and were able to proceed to their homes after recel \'1 ng first aid on the spot. Of the remn.inder three were instant.l)' killed and six sustained injuries necessitating their removal to As S()OO as the passengers who had escaped what happened they clamoured to be taken out of the ca rnages, al:d .some In their nenousness and terr(lr continued to sc. elm, but the malonty kept their wits and :heir courage, and walked coolly along the line to St. John's Station. A few, all men, of course, remained on the scene, and helped the railway officials in the work of extricating the dead the injured :.'IIr. Armitage, stat ionma ster, took charge ot the operations, and behayed with conspicuous readiness ::Ind resource. He sent messenO'ers in all directions for medical and surgical aid, despatched for breakclown gangs, ancl sent for and police. I Yithin half-an -hour of the disaster tool \'ans, tra\'ellll1g cranes, and other apparatus for dealing \\'i th a train 'Heck were upon scene, with :.'Ilr. H. Buckmaster, superintendent of the Ime, to dIrect thd labours of the men, The dead and w':)lJndecl \\'ere placed alongside the line on cushions. and afterwards com'eyed to the ,,·ailing-rooms at St. J ohn's Sta tion

The dead were taken on hand ambuhnces to the Deptford mortuary a distance of nearly a. mile. The more injured of the sUf\'i:ors were taken in horse amb ulan ces to the i\1Jller Hospllal :tt Greenmch, and those who se hurts appearecl to be less dangerous, to Hospital at L o ndon Bridge by special train. The first body IdenLIhed was that of :\Iiss 1\Iay. Later in the day the other female body was IdentIfied as that of :.'IIi ss I\'ellie Smith, of Kmg Street, Regent Street, und the body of the maJ.e victim as that of :'III'. C. Howard.

At the inquest it proved that the collISIOn was due to a mIstake made by a signalman.

Our representati "e's· efforts to obtam partlclIial s the ambulance work did not meet wi th success, whIch pel ha ps was aCCIdental, but thel e did not appear to be at the company's offices an overwhelming desire to impart information.

IDriIl

VOLUNTEER A:'I1BULAXCE SCHOOL OF LECT URES, &c. -\Vednesday, April l3th, "The Transport. of IV ounded ., Suraeon-Lieutenant J, CAXTLIE, 1\1.13., London ScottIsh

R V Saturday Apr:! 16th (, Parade in Re\ iew Order," at +.30 p.m. ; Apr'il 20th ,( Rehearsal for In spection "; V\'ednesday, April 27th, :. Priz;e Competition," Parade in Drill Order at 8 p.m.

April, 1898.J FIRST \Benns.

HOW THEY ATTACK US -IJ OW WE RESIST THEM, A ect?!?'(? deliv('?'ed at lJ eaa .st .101m's Gatp, Cle1 1teJ/?vcll by Hon. L. Pochin, Sonth Jfet?'opolitrl1l (las C01ll2)(bny DU'/SIOJI St .101m Alllb/llai/cr' Brit/Mle.

After a few introductory remarks the lecturer said the fact is we are sur rounded a world of wonder, and in many insta'nces of m;;t;'\'ellous beauty, and, If we had Sn.m Weller's ideal eycs, \\e should have manv startlll1g re\'ciatIons made to us. \Ye should see that even the fine dust the hees carry from flower to flo;\er is composed of myriads of lIttle golden 310bes, each of them most delicately sculptured and ornamented. ".e should also sec that the slimy ooze at the bottom of from \\'hlch our chalk beds have been made in the past, and which IS to [.orm tl?e chalk beds of the future, con3ists in reality of exqUISItely delIcate lIttle shells, thousands on thousancls of tGem infinitely tiny, yet sc ulptured most heautifully as you shall see.

Our IY onderf ul eyes \\·.oulcl show us that the ugly black wing. cases of the beetles, are In realIty covered WIth armament more delicatelye!1graved than any work of human art, and moreO\'er, in e\'ery drop stagnant we should be able to discern li\'ing gems flashing about In the sunshll1e, as well as thousands of other little liYing creatures of frightful aspect most Yigorous moYement, and, most important of all, these extraordll1ary eyes would enable us to see that in the air all round u s, on e\·ery article of furniture, and on Ollr clothes and the s:Hface of our bodies, there are millions on millions ofli\'ing plants into \\ hose nature and properties \l'e wish to look a little more closely to-night.

Of late years these little plants or microbes as they are called, haye found to be of the highest importlnce and interest to us as human J--eIngs, and I should not be guilty of exaggeration if I said that almost e\'ery act of Otir lives is in some degree influenced them, We are living in a \\'orid of these little germs and \\'e cannot possibly go where they are not They do not exist in such countless numbers o n the tOps of the highest mountains, but still some of them are to be found there, :lnd they hJ.ve e\'en been found emLledded in rocks \\hich must have been many thousands of years ago. They po-itively s\\'arm 111 the aIr we breathe, in fact, at eyer), bI'eath we inhale thousands of them th,,), team in the wate r \ve drink, and only one or t\l'O of the ,score;;; ot much yaunted filters are capable of rendering our free lrom In tact, they are found everywhere, in the hut and 111 the palace, 111 town and country, and if \\e 11)' tc the uttermost parts of the earth they still are there.

So tiny are they that it is difficult for us to get any idea of their minutenes, from mere figures, but I may just mention that they are, on an a\"erage, not more than 01'600 of an inch in diameter. That is to say, that if \\'e "'anted to make a row of them an inch long we should require 25,000 germs placed side by side to do it, and it also means that no le ss than 155} millions of them coulJ stand shoulcl€r to shoulder, as it \\'er e, on :tn crdinary postage st:tmp.

So that you could not imag-ine anything more minute than this, and lt would be easy to suppose that beings so minute must be unimportant to us as living creatures. No idea could be Hlore mistaken than this they are, as I h:1\'e said, of the utmost possible importance to us, fa; though most yarieties are harmlf'ss, and, indeed, are our willin.g- and necessary servants, oLhers are the direct and sole cau,;e of many of the most frightful from \,·hich \\'e suffer.

:\Iicrococc us Tetragenus -This germ is very commonly found in the human lung, bllt it is quite harmless to man. It is \'ery fatal to white mice .th oug:h it do.es affect the brown mouse and many other a11lmals, Il1 gUll1ea pigs It causes "ery pall1ful abscesses Packet Cocci. -T hese are always associated with certain forms of indigest io n in man, though there no proof that tbeyare the direct cause of it.-In some varieties we get a chain ·like arrangement, the germs always being found tOgether in rOl\'5, and here ,,'e haye an example of this, Streptococci.-\'arious specimens of these were shol 'n on the screen germs as a. whole ha\'e pbyed most important pans in the history of mankind from the earliest times. Let us take an in stance of this The Bacillus procligiosus happens to have a bright red colour, indeed colonies of it grow on bread and other substances look more like lumps of clotted b lo od than anything else and the marked resemblance of these colonies to clotted blood, has lead to many remarkable occurrences in hi story Let us take t\\'o examples:

A small army hacl taken the field against a most powerful enemy, the two forces hacl camped within sight of one another and a battle was expected on the morrow a battle which should decide the fate of a country , and the result of which meant to the defending force the retention of ind ependence and of the dear old h ome ties on the one hand, or sla \'ery n.nd bondage, with the massacre and dishonour of all they held d ea r on the other. The day dawned, and the gallant band of patriots prepared themseh'es for battle, and adl·anced against the enemy, but the enemy ha.d vanish ed, as \\"a s the morning mist, The tents were there, but they were tenandess, everywhere there were signs of hurried Hight, of a perfect panic in ra ct, among the foe.

I Vhat cou ld have ca u sed this panic and changed these invaders from a

AID. 275

body of tried veterans eager for plunder Il1to a horde of terror· stricken cowards? Bacillus prodigiosus had been at work, th?usands of Its gory-Iookl,ng had spread O\'tr the bread St'Ppiled to the an.d bel.ng after the long day's march, to theIr superstlLIous ml11tis It \\,lS a 5ure omen of defeat and death and fled like hares rather t11111 race what they considered to be on the morr(l\\" and the glilant rand of patriots were able to rejOIce o\'er hearth and honle, anti dear ones sa\'ed from danaer In thi5 case see our Bacillus ,hangecl the hiswry of a Une day In the real the greH _\1Jbe\' Church at \Yelsnack in Brar;den burg \\a 0; ;le,troyed by fir" The after mak ing long-, and fortunately slIc ces oful effort:' to presen"e wme of the ,-\blev bU.IidIngs to the church: at retired to rest in the pan of thIS Abbey \\hlch had e5caped unharmed. But in the nicrht one of them had a \·ision. in \\hich he \I':1S commanded to arise anJ. celebrate mass at the ruined high altar. Be did as he was bidden, and during the performance of this duty, to his surprise, he caught sight of three consecrated \\'afersamong the ashes at the side of the altar. Reyerently he took them up and sa\\ that they were cemented tog-elher by clotted blood, Losing no time he reported this e\'ent to the bishop, a conference of clergy \\as held, and the miracle of th<.: bleeding wafers ,,'a, announced to the Romish Church, Pilgrims for many years ,i5ited the spot from Hungary, France, Eng-land, cotbnd, Denmark, Sweden and ::\ orway costly gifts were offered. and from the funds so raised the Abbey church was rebuilt with more than its forme r magnificence. Our bacillus had found these \\'afers good for food, h:td settled on them, and had formed there its blood -like colonies. and the superstitious minds of the clergy of Ihatday had looked upon the blood as a sign of the real presence of Christ in the wafers miraculously manifested in order to assure them rhJ.t the c:11al11itj' \\hich hac o\'ertaken them should be repaired.

The miracle of bloody sweat from "hich saints ha\'e gained reputation ill ,he middle ages \\'a,; due to the same cause.

These exa m p'es \\ it I sen'e to show hm\' prominent a part germs h:l\'e taken in historical el·ents.

You will bave gathereJ from what I said :tbout putrefaction when sho" ing you the undub lhat many of these germs do us good sen ice, and that is true, in fact, it "auld be \'ery hare: to exaggerate the importance of some of the sen'ices they render us Here is one: for the process or pmrefaction, unpleasant though it be, is absolutely necessary, not only tor our ,,'ell-being, but alsu for that of the vegetable kingdom, the plants and trees all deriving part of their nourishment from the decayed matter furnished by this germ and its assistants.

But the putrefaction g-erms are of yerr material use to us in other and more direct ,,'a\"s, To take an example, You are doubtless a,,'are that the extremelY ·fine threads with Ii nen is made are obtained by spinning toge-ther the \'ery tough Ii ttle fibres which run in large numbers do\yn the of the flax plant, In the process of manubcture the flax stems cut from the field are kept moist for a long time, aud these putrefactive germs are allowed to ha\'e access to them. The germs yery soon set lip putrefactive fermentation, by means of which the succulent parts of the stem are rotted and made soft, and are then easily remo\'ed, lea\'ing the fine hard fibres behind for use.

There are other germs which are to us besides those of putrefaction. In the process of yinegar -making for instance , In vinegarmaking the malt liquor which is to be changed ir:to Yinegar is f:eely ex po=ed to the air, often by being ailo\\'ed to trIckle oyer sr"aYl11gs, The germs which are specially interested in this process find their war into the liquor, grow there. and cause fermentation, soon changing the alcohc,! in the liquor to acetic acid aad other products and thus gi\·ing us inegar.

Some germs however. have a very disagreeable fancy fo.r turning other things sour besides m:11t liquor, instance. \\ e ha\'e all painful exptrience of this process, bur Jt IS always due to a few \'arIenes of germs, for if we couid keep our milk free from li\'ing germs, it \..,-ould remain sweet for years.

lYe all knoll' fermentation when we see it, and we are all aware th,lt the raising of bread, and the making of beer from sweet wort, and also the fermentation of l!increr beer anci home-made wine, are due to the addition of yeast. "r \y ish to explain the process rather in T o begin with, before we can get yeast to gro\\' and produce tation we must supply it with food, because the sweet \I'on from whIch beer is made contains sugar clerived from the malt, we add sugar, as you kno\\', to the other ingredients of ginger-beer. and the flour from "hich our bread is made is highly nutritious to the yeast plant. for the sake of simplicity, let us consider. what goes II·hen a lutle yeast is added to such a <olution of s ugar In water kept In a warm place. \Ye let this process 0'0 on, amI if our syrtip was not very c;trong- we shall find that it will come to a s,andstill, and if we noll' tasre our sclut ion we shall find it has lost its and has acqui red th:tt peculiar' pungency and odour \\ hich are known tC belong- to The yeast plant 111 fact, has l,,'ed on th,e sugar and has .::hanged It into other substances, \'iz , carbolllc 3Cld gas and alcohol and of COUlse the process stops when all the sugar is so cOl1\'erted because the yeast has nothing left to li\'e on, eTo be contill/ud).

FIR.ST

FIRST AID

APllIL 1, 1898.

AID. [Apl.li l, 1898, Bll1l1ulancc.

.c'\.pril, 1898.J FIRST AID.

@u1'

.1'1.. A. G. DICKEY, E SQ., M.D., lIO N SURGEOX OF 'l'HE COLXE CORI'S ST. J O IiX A:lIBl.;LiXCE BRIG \.DE.

FIRST Am ox RAILWAYS.

The subject of the amb uhn ce arrangements at pre ent existing in the raihyay companies of this country is again prominently brought before u s p..n accident on the lme of the South-Eastern Railway near New Cro ss occurred on .the 21st ult., owing to the mistake of a signalman, causll1g loss or three lives and serious injurie s Lo six other pass e ngers requiring to ho spit::tl, besides other minor cases, and showing in bold relief the nece ssity ofrail way am bulance. The competitions that are now tak111g place on the yariou s lines for the purpose of selecting teams to comp e te for the Challenge Shield now h eld by the Great E3stern Railway Company, d oubtl ess go a long way t o proye that the directors of most of the companies begin to reali se the fact that railway ambulance is be co ming a nece ss ity and mu st be att e nded t o

.At the time of writing full details ha\'e not come to hand of the first aid work performed at the accident on the line, some work was evidently done and stretchers were u se d. 'Whom it was done by, and whether any of the ambulance men connected with the line had a hand in it, we haH; yet to learn.

Judging from the accounts recei \'e d, th er e see ms thi s year to be a considerable in creas e of enthusiasm shown b y the t ea m s of the different companies in the spe cial work of railway ambulance, together with a laudable de sire t o obtain the Shield, or at least to get in the final heat. This enthusiasm will spread, and, we hope , reach the and encourage them to pro\'ide more plant in the shape of railway ambulance wagons, with train ed assistants and all proper appliances. In our last issue was a pal agr a ph d escribing an ambulance train (made in Germany) consisting of eighteen carriages, completely equipped and capable of treating forty-two sick and wounded. Doubtle ss after a tew more big accidents o ur will recognise the adyisability of spending more money on their ambulance arrangements.

'!\Thil st thoroughly agreeing with bolding competitions ina smuch as they make the men smart, and accustom them to the work and help to do away with th e feeling of n eryousne ss, it must be remembered that they are n o t exactly the real thing. If the competitions are to be of practical u se and not a drawing-room e ntertainment, the re sult will be a greater knowledge of what to do in rails01dshes such as the one that occurred the other day, how to get the injured out of the wreckage, hoVl to extemporise sp lints and bandage s, and how to lift, carry, a nd pla.ce the patients on proper a\'ailable s pots awaiting arrl';a l of the means of transport. A railway accident

ST ./01-:[:'< :\':\IiH;L A:-\ CE AssocrATIO:-;.-The following railways hal'e entered teams fo the competit io n for the c hall e n ge sh ield a nd pri zeE presented by the S1. J oh n Ambulance open to r ailway companies ill1L joint committees in Engln.nd and \V ales :-Londo n a nd l\" orth- 'Ve stern, Great 'Ve stern, L onJo n, ;t nd South Coast London, Chatham, ;mJ DOI'er. South-Easte!'n, London anJ S o uthW estern, Great Eastern ,present holders of the sh eld ), G"eat Xorthern, ;\Ie tropo lit an, L ondo n :\' orth-Eastern Great Central, Li\'erpool Overhead, C:tmbri:tn, Rhymney, a nJ ;\liJhnd and Gleat :'\ onhern J oint The preliminary he:tts will take place in the In.st week of \pril, at d ifferent cen:res 111 L ondon :tnd the and the final beat, to whi ch fil'e selected teams will compete, in L ondon in the early part of :'I l ay.

THE OYERHEAD RATL\\'.-\ Y.-The directors of th e Ol'erhead Ra lway fully recognise tbe imp ort:tllce o f the efficient ambulance training of their st<l[f, and are agai n ai yin g their support to a funh erance of the work. Classes have been recently formed, and a e now practi ing under the able guidance and personal interest of Dr. J. A. Cornett, the hon instructor, who last year had his efforts re:warded by the Ol'erhead team securing the position of fifth in the St. J ob n All Englanrl and 'V ales Amhuhnce competition, the final tr ial of which lias held at the Crysta Palace. .-\ team is e nt ered for the next co mpetit en to be held in :'I lay.

LONDO:\' l\OlnH-WESTER. RArl.\\'AY, I\ 'OLVERTON ursTRICI, EUSTON I n connection with the above, a public m eeting I\'as h eld in the Science anJ Art I nst itu te, on Thursday e ve ning, February 2+lh, when an address on .-\mbulance 'V o ,k was given by Dr. Arthur H J ones, of l\ orthampton Infirmary, and during the el'ening the medallions and cert ficates gained hy the diyision were presented.

GREAT R,\ILIL-\Y annual competitions amongst the staff of this Company ha\'e been taking place on different parts of the line, during the past few lI'eeks. The competito n for the Plymouth- Penzance sect ion wa s held st Plymouth, when four teams took part-Pl ymouth :\ 0. te:tm), Plymouth (Xo. 2 team), St. Blazey, and Trur o, with the fo ll owing results -Stretcher \y ork Cfi\'e men), first prize £2 ros, Pl ymo u tb I team; seconu pri ze, £ r 5s" Truro; tbird prize, IS S., St. Blaze)'_ Indil'i dua l w ork-I, £1. R. Courtenay, St. Blazey; 2, lOS., A. llott, Plymouth; 3, 5S., A. F. E I'ans, Plymouth. Tbe first prize teJ.ms in other sect ional competitions w ere Taun ton, Paddington, ;\berdare, and Birmingham (Snow IIill). These, together with the Plymoutb team, Will now compete for the selection of the team to represent the Great I\'estern Railway in the forthcoming challenge shield competition, open to all railways. During the past eighteen months upwards of 2,000 members of the Great \Ve stern Railway Company's staff 'lave been undergoing in ambulance work. The directors take a great interes in the spread of a knowledr;;e in rendering first aid to the injured amongst the staff, and h e com p et iti o n s recently held have acted as a great in centive to the employes a ll over the line. Upwards of + ,000 members o f tbe company's staff h o ld the certificate of the St. John Ambulance Association.

AND NORTH-WESTER.'J RAIL\\'.-\\'-The Bi rmingham and Sout h Staffordshire District Competition in connection with this compa ny 's Challenge Shield (by kind permission of Loru L eigh ) oo k. place at Stoneleigb Abbey, on Tuesday, tbe 22nd ult. Ten teams ot five men each, from various st:ttions in the district, took part in the compe titi on, and after a very close contest lasting some six h o urs the Curzon Street goods l1epartment team sec ur ed the first place with 595 marks out of a possible 600. Spon Lane goods department te:tm (the present holders of the s hi e d) were second with 590 marks, and IV olverhampton goods dep artment team third with 585 marks.

TIns m on th Lancashire again send a representati\,e to take hi s place in o ur Portrait Gatl er\ in the shape of Dr. Dickey, of Colne.

Dr. Dickey was born at Car n o ne H.aph oe, C o. D onega l, Ir e land, he comes of a clerical family, b ot h his ancestors in a double line bein a c leri cs . H e ed ucat ed at R aphoe R oya l S choo l and continued hi s st udi es at the 1< oya l Belfast In S79 h e entered Oueen's Belfast a nd o btain ed a and a fter studpng there four ye:1rs hc t oo k the ':\LD. of the Royal lIniyersity of Ireland; h e is also a n L.R.C.S.r. and L..M.R.C.P.I.

Dr. Dick ey is th e ? l dest medical man in practice in and was the p10neer of the ambulance moyement 111 North East Lanca sbi re. tweh'e years aao he estab li shed in and ha s beel; up to the pr esen t tlme. H e IS :11so surgeon to the Colne Corp s and one of the exami n ers fo r Lancashire. The Colne (_'o rp s is in a \'ery flourisbing co ndi tio n hay i n a an ball, carr i age, and eyery

Dr. l il ckey and .n.tkll1son and SIxt ee n m e n w e n t to London on Jubil ee Da y. Ab o ut four years ago Dr. Dick ev also establisbed clas ses .i l? and this place- is n ow another enterpnsmg dI\'lslOn _-\t th ey are building an ambulance hall, Dr. Dickey bemg al 0 their H OIL Surgeon.

corps la st year. The enrolled strenath hi' year was +67, an incre8.se ()f '" at t e c ose of the offiCial sliaht but b no mea - J on tbe prel'lOU s year. There was a effi" 'Y1 ,ns Important fallll1g off in the percemaae of c lenc) n reference to SOllle of the work done S '" !_Ieutenant-Colonel Squire spoke of the Ch II Sh' Id' In which Com an' (S 0' enge Ie competitIOn, havinO' \\'on i/from 3. ur"'heon.Captam Harpe r ) was first, they .'" o. " anot er effiCIent com pan 'h h h h handicapped bv ch lnaes brouaht t.· h' ), " IC ,t '1 '" ,,1I OlllnO'to lsownp'omt was pl.oted by a young- of six months''';;en'ic> T 1 .•0 I,on, out tl\'lce dy;-ing- the year, to Walmer at EJ.ster , an-j sum mel le 8.5t muster one of the best they el'er bad He h8.d a good account to aile of tbe work done b' 'h r d signallers, and stateJ his th:1t for the erst LI'lll)e .e cylcl ISt5 an I d . ". II slana ers were emp Dye In aSSOCI:ttlon WIth a bearer company. '"

The corps aid at Ropl '\[ilit:1r' Tournament, on J ubllce 0:1.)' and at 'he C' I P I 'T' ) o h " L' r)sta a ace ournament , ne 0 t e most Important el'ents of the yeu W:iS the retirement of Lleutenant·Colone\ .:'\orton, who h'ld ('ommanded the corps 01. mal: Y }'t,lr5 reference to discipline the commandinO' officer a olu.nteel COl w:ts not a me.re ag-!Sreg:ttion of that a to!?ether ?y an Iron dlscil-'lme; what they require::! lI'as thatdlsclpl!l1e which spnng-s from the ranks an.:! in this conne'ti()n h abskeddall of the V. :'I1.S. C to to make tbe c'arps est ISCI plmed m the force

The prizes presented by ;\Iajor-Gener:tl Trotter for indil iduals and both numerous and They included awards for el el} \'3l'lety of detail and phase of the speci:tl kinds of \York pertallllllg to the of the corps. The :'lajor-General lias also asked to be the medIUm of Seraeant ·:'Ihjor B:Jlld wi h a h andsome watch. '"

;\[ ajor .General. acknol\lede-ing:t yote of thanks proposed and seconded respectl\ el) by Surg Captalll :'IIatthews and the ReI'. Sir B Savory, compllmemed .the upon the hi!Shly s:ttisfactorv made br the. commandmg officer. The employment of sign;dlers in connectlOn the of corps Ilould, he said, be of the greatest ,alue on ser\'lce. Their dUlles were ,he highest that soldiers c'ould be cal1eJ upon to perform.

A "eryenjoyable dance fo.lowed the prize proceedinas. T he pnzes too numerous to mention in detail. The .the :-Corps, Prize, lYon by.:\o 5 BUll'oughs, "ellcome &. Co. s Pnze, lyon by Pril'ate E. \Yaters, ::\ o. Company; The Commandant's Prize-Best attendance at Corps Parad 7s: (I) L:tnce Corpo!al.-\. T. Jackson. ':\0.3 Company, 21+ drills (1).Pmat_e Thatcher. :'\0. s.Company. dril.1s (3) C o rporal H. R: "TI ght, 16r arIlls C+) Pm·ate" \. Chapman. :"\0. + d,ldls.(J) Corporal]. D. Chapman,::\o. + Company 1+ dnl1s, AdJutant? men under rank of Sergeant: for Company St.rereher Dnll, First .-\Id, and Genera.! Efficiency, won by LanceCOlpOlal A T. Jackson. Challenge ?hleld (r89iJ-won by N'o. + Company, commanded by Surg.·Captam J. Harper. Prize presented late COlllmandan:. to the ( fficer commanding the Company the Challenge Shield for the year I 97, + Company, Surg .C aptalll J Harper.

H

(lJ)a\)ette."

I S the real te st, but we are not all privileged to see one, or to observe th e fir s t aid assi stance that is actually render e d. jfi1'5t

Bib anb 3n5trnctor5.

We have received from :\[r. Joseph Ha rkness, H o no rary Secretary and In structor to the Bir:ningbam Railway Carria ge an d Wagon Co.'s Ambulance a of.a he g ive s on P o iso ns, with a request to give. a.n opmlOn up o n It. lIe fe e sorry that we are unable to pass any Opll1 10n (favourable or ot h e rwi se) up on this paper, b ecause we do not approve of first a id be in g taught by U!ly but a. q ualified medical mal., and we gather that ;\II'. H arkness does not claim to b e such. Whilst gi "in g 1\1r. II arkness every creuit for the labour he has upon getting up these lect ur es, questions, and answers, w e feel bo und to say that e'ven he, not h av in g go ne t h rough the studies n:edlcal. man has to go through, s liable to make mistakes 111 h,s teachlllg whI c h would be impossible to a medical man. liV e congraLUlate the Birmin g ham Railway Carriage a nd \Vago n C o's Corps on h aV ing such an energetiC h o n. sec as Mr. D arkness, who ha s doubt. s p e nt a great d ea of Lime in in struct ing tbe Corps, and at sarr.e llme regret very much th a t we ca nnot acce de t o the request.

SO UTH EASTERN RAIL\\ 'AY COll1PETITlON.-An amb 'Jiance team from the A shfor d station journeyed to T onbridge on Tuesday, the r Sth ult., to take part in a competition to decide upon the best team on t he system to compete in t h e c om ing Crystal P alace Silver Shield co mp etit o n open to a l: railways. The L o nd o n district team came om first, winning tbe South-Eastern R ai lw ay challenge cup, a nd h e members received I SS each Th e Ashford team, which came n secon d, received 5s each. Surge on Captain Rawn s ley acted as exa miner, and amongs1 th ose p re sen t w e re Mr. lI. V. Buckmaster, supe rintendent 0f tbe li ne; Dr. Gran t, d octor to the S o uth-E aste rn Railway; and 'V. Leonard, telegraph superintendent.

A:\ll3 CLASSES TO SECRETARIES.

III Older to facilitate the IllHk of Secletar ie s uf Cl. sses, it has been decided LO illsert Notices of Cbsses and L ectures 0 11 Fir st \id, Nursing, and Hy giene in this colulllll at the rate of +J. a lin e, the minimum charge to be IS. per n sert ion prepaid.

D E ;\>{ONST!?ATHlN.

WOWl iII NG.-Thepl'oposf'd D el1l0 ll s (nlLioll wiJi['i> IVa :; La h a ve (.tk en place 011 June !lext, ha s been !LuaJl( ollell.-W S. BUUKL.l!:H, li Oll. cec.

Ab o ut two m o nth s ago Dr. Dickey Ins appointed by Jame s, the Chancellor of the Du c h y of Lanca ste r, 'a MagI s trat e for the Borough of Ca In e Dr. DiCkey is a favourite in Korth East Lancashire an,d his presence and also that ot Mr s . Dickey, are much soug ht after at a mbulance me e ting s in the di str ict. Colne may be c?ngratulated. haying among t its citizens one who IS enterpnsll1g and e nergetic, and ,1'110 takes so great ;In mt e re s t in th e humanitarian moyement of ambul a nce work.

\[)oluntcer {JDcbtcal Staff ctorps.

:'< c-llJAL OF PRIZES.- The pri zes of the L ondo n C?mpanies of thIS corps, won in 1897, were distributed by "I :tjor. General Tr ot ter at the head-quarters, Calthorpe Street, Grays len Road, on Saturday, the Sth tilt. In view of the ba ll that was to take pl ac e later, prize d st.rihution ceremony was wi tnessed by a numerou s ana .elegantly attired assembly of the fri ends of the corps.

The prbceed1l1gs derived special interest from the circumstance that the familial: figure of Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel X orton, who was at t!H.> be:td the corps for ;lbout ten F:trs, has lately been replaced by LleutenallL·Colonel J .E. Squire as commandant. Th e l atter o lil cer wa s on th e occas ion making one of hi s lirst, if not bis :tctual first, appearance,:tt a military function in his nell'

The officer w as in a position to be able to rend er a hi gh ly sa ll sfac lo ry account of the numbers, efficiency, and \\' o rk o f the

THIS is? new patent garment for inbnts and children, :tnd claims t:) haye ol'er the clothes tha: are ordinarily 1Led. It is ,,"O\':,:n 111 one plece:t3 sbown in the di:tgram anl1 when put on thoroughly protects the whole trunk from the shoulders to the peh-is. The portion folded ol'er :ts sholl'n here, CO\'ers the chest, being continuous round tbe neck where it buttons on one side \\'i th Ihe back piece; the tll'O side pieces fold O\'er the longer one going round the back and fastening ,yith buttons or safety pins, tbe lower par t \the understrap) is passed betll'een the legs .enclosing the diaper, &'c., :tnd IS fastened \\'ith a safety pin to the fold 111 front of the abdomen.

'I' e ha I'e had pract:c:tl experi en ce of this garment and can recommend it. Being all in one piece the child's clothes cannot ruck up or come off J.nd it does :tway with the necessity of tbe ordina ry binder.

It s made in various sizes, and tbe price is very reasonable. is :t garment that all mothers should see and use ;,Iade by the" :\J a 'ette" Co., 70, Fenchurch treet, E.C.

\I' ORTl-J..DIPTO:\.- The Brip-:tJe Camp of Instruction of the St. John Brigade will, by kind permission of Sir Thotll:ts Fermor ll esketh, be held this ye:tr in Easton .:'\estOn Park, T0l1'cester, at Wh ilsuntide. The Deputy COlllmissioner of the district, Brigade Surgeon Li eutenal1L-Colonel Elliston, ". 0., will prob:thly be in COlllmand.

edallions and certificates being presented to the police at the last examination in _ Ambulance work. Sir Geolge G nnina Bart the c hairman of the l\orLhampton County Bench , made and the company present !ncluded Mr. T. F. Hazle· h . t J P Assistant Commissioner T. H. I' oolston, Hon. Amb u lance Ul S, '[ R A M'Il' Ch' pf SUIJt Officer to the County Constabularv; L\ r ligan, I F T Trenen' ( K etterin a ) ]Hr. W. T omal n, Mr. H. T. F raC} (local h' St John AmbuG;ce Association), :.\lr. W. Bat chelor, etc. 0'1 "'a s the following ins .' riptlon: "Present;d to R. A. Iilliaan, £sq :.\I.R.C.S ., by t h e officers and men of the Di strict County Constabulary, :\I arch, 1 89 8."

OLDHAYI.-On S at urday, :.\larcb 19th, thi s .cor ps held a promenade soiree in tbe Volunteer Drill Hall (kllldly fo r occas on by the officers ?f the V.B. i-T anc h ester !le ollowina eminent artlstes-i\l ss Hlgson, o f Bolton, M I. F O.IIlelBurton, Oldham; Mr. J. John son, of Duklllfieid and Mr. WIlmot Cooper, L.R I"ere engaged, and the of programme in a manner whi ch fully. sustall1e.d tbe high reputation whi ch these artistes hal'e prel'lously ga in ed, \\ hlle .the famous ban d of the 6th V B. interspersed tbe s ing- inl! with se ectIOns and mus Ic for dancing The effort was honoured by the presence and patronage ?f numerous influential gentlemen, and was ,,'ell supported by the PU?lJc between 500 and 600 persons being The wh o e evening passed a\\'ay in a m ost success ful and enJop.ble manner, and the fur.ds of th e cor ps were benefiued to a consIderable extent.

SHRE\\,SBl: RY Conps.-At a well-attended meeting of the members on Fridal', 4 th ult., in the Hall, :\ L.jor S Clempnt Southam lias unanimously appointed clllef supenntendenL S e\"en g:entlemen of the medical profession in the to\m ha\'e the r ,wdlll1enessto act as honorary. surgeons to the corps gl\'e .a selles of dL.ring the ensull1g year on ambulance \lorK,and It wIll be a n an",ed that the members shdl have eyery opport unity of being proficIent so far as the drill manual is concerned. A hearty vote of w.a s nccorded Dr. Gardner on hi s retiref11erlt from the p ost of actll1g chIef su pel intendent, which he bad for a time held - The first le ct ure of Ibe season was held in St. Alkm ond's Schoo.hoom, Sbrewsbury, on Friday, 18th ult. , wh en an ad?ress I\"a s by. Dr. Cure'.on

(Surgeon- :'I1ajor Volunt ee r Artillery) OppOltUl1lty "as taken ?f the occasion to present the ambulance to successful 111 recent examination. The newly elected chIef sUIJenntendent (.\[ aJol S. Clement S outham) presided, and a large company mcluded Dr: Cureton, Dr. IY. Charnley, l\lr. F. R. Armytage (Salop County CouncIl), l\Ir. J. '\Villiams (hon. secretary!, and :\Ir Oliver Landon (hon. assistant secretary ) After presen the c.ertl ficates Dr. added at the close of the ce remon y tha t It wa s \\'nh pard ona ble he. was able to state Ih:1.t witb the except ion of one man,. who had Jomed t he l.ast tll'O months, every of the p ol Ice force was cert ified as bell1g able to rende r first aid 111 the borough of Shrewsbury. Dr Cureton aave an intere sting and in str uctil'e le cture on" In se nsi bi lity ," in which'\e dealt in except onally lu c id ,with the vano u s form s of in sensibility, and expbined the. manner ll1 which they should be .\t the conclus on he was heartIly applauded. The ChIef dent propc.sed a vote of thanks to the doctor for .hi s address.

The H an Secretary, in sec?ndll1g the yote, sa Id Dr. Cureton the pioneer of ambulance 111 the town of Shrewsbuty. !\Ir. ''.IllJ ams als::> alluded to tl:le readl11ess a nd courtesy with whIch he different d octors had consented to deliver one or more lectures to the members. (Applause). The vote was heartily acco"ded, and several new members were then enrolled. annual meeting of this corps \Vas held on Tue sday el ening at the Skating Rink, :VIr. T. presiding ove r 20 members. Dr. Readman the hon. 1l1structor, was also pre sent. Th e allnual report. which was of a satisfactory nature, was read by the hon. Sell etary (:\1r. \1'. H. Hartley), and was adopted, as tbat of the treas urer. be future of the corps wa s discussed at some length, and Dr. Readm an, who has manifested considerable interest in its welfare. urged the necessity of putting the movement o n a broader bas s , He al so pointed out the extremely cn:J.ntable. nature of the work and sa id itshould receive the support and recognition of the t o wn at la;ge. It was decided to adopt the suggestion of Dr. Readman, and to this end the annual eleClion of officers wa s not pl' oceeded with. The o ld officers were elected to act tempomrily, until a committee, consistina of i\lessrs T. Fattorini, H. Dodgson, BrLw l, Rubinsoll, IIicks. G. and II. Har greaves had reponed on result of circular.ising the mill o wners and townspeople generally with a view to obtal11l11g subscriptions It was also decided to sever the corps' connection with the St. John Ambulance Association, as it was thought on an independent basis there wo ulci be more freedom of action and t he work could be maintained at less cost. Dr. Readman was heartily thanked for hi s services as honcrary in structor during the year.

AI D. [April, 1898. <torresponbence.

TH E JUB ILEE MEDA L.

To the Editor of" FIR ST Am."

Sm - The re appears to exist in some quarters an inclinati o n to the "alue of the Ju b ilee Medal. Certal11ly, I have on more than one occasion heard it not "ery highly spok en of. I haye also read the remarks under" Brevities" in this month's Issue of your paper. No sane man. having any knowledge of the m atter, would.attempt to draw any s imilitude between the ictoria Cross and the JubIlee M edal. vVhat I, however, feel sh o uld be the ca.s e IS that every office.r and member of the St. john Am b ulance .should take ,qUite an exalted view of the Ju bi l ee Medal. I t IS essentmlly a Q ueen s and as su,'h a one should command the greatest r espec ,a nd tion but I believe it a so to be a mark of 0'..11" Sovereign of se rvices rendered by the Brigade on the o.craslOns on which it has been called lIpon to carry out ts hum anllClnan wo r k on great public occas ons

I am sure, I hope, I [or one, s hall always, whatever others say or think, feel it my duty as an to upho ld to the po ss ible extent the true value of any deco!'atlon or medal. co nfel re? .b} the \dueen either upDn myself.or upon anY.one else, and 111 my OplillOn this is a rule that should be Withou t exceptIOn. ,

The fact that it is laid down in the Queen s that the rubilee Medal shall be worn after Engli sh Decorall ons and be ore Engli s h shou ld to any in telligent be qUite suffiC ient o sh.)\\' that it is intend ed to take an exalted POSItion.

As Lhe various orders issued with r :spect to t he w ea nng of the Jubil ee i\Iedal by member s of the St. John Aml?ldance .Bngade were just about as puzzling as they w ere contradIcto r y, maY;' 1I1terest so me wh o nny not know th e Queen's all thi S pOint, to see what he precedence is as regards Decorations and M eda ls , I"IZ. ,Yith appended n otes to the effect

( r ) English D ecorat ions that the (,.lueen's Medal. will

(

2) English i\1 edals.. be wo rn after

(3) Foreign Decorations a nd the Badges of the Order of St.

C+) Foreign Medals. John of J erusalem JI1 Eng-hnd, \\'Ill be worn after English :\[ edals.

London.

:qth i\l arc h 18 9

I remain, Y ours faithfully, F. DO:\AL D MA CKE:\Z lE, Assistant Commissioner, :yr etro?oli tan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade.

COUPON TICKET

SPECIALLY GU.l..RAKTEED BY

11he Ocean Accident &Guarantee Corporation

LIMITED,

40, 42 & 44 , MOO R GATE STREET , LONDON, E.C

to whom Noti ce of C aims, umlel' the fo llowing conditions, must be sent witbin seven (lays of accident to tbe auo 'e n.dllress )

£100

" Hue paid bV the 'alJov-€ (]Ol'poration to thf' legal r eprese nLative o[ who 'killed 'by ail accide nt to the Passe ng er Train the United h.mgdol11 or Channel Islan,ls ), ill whi ch the cleCCltScd was a ticket lJ ear \1Ii{ or passengel', or who s h.all hal'e lJeen fatally injured thereby (sho uld death lesult withi n n inetl' clays alter such aCC'ldent). .' PROVIDED that the pel' on so k,lled or lIl.1ured had hiS 0 1 pelson, or hall left at home this ticket, \vith hi s, or her, usual s lgllature \\"ntte np rlOr to theaccidcnt on the space proviclecl belo\\', WhICh, together wlth the glnng ot notice tl;e time as h el'ei nlJetore mentionell. is the essen.ce of thiS

\ er uncl eI' more than one Coupon ticket Jl1 respect of the same risk.

1

.\To

NOTICE.

The Trade will be supplied by Mr. F. BRETT, 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Hill.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

For I2 months , IS. 6d ., post free, to be sent t o the Publi sh er

(By CHIRlJRGCS)

To the Readers 0/" FIRST AID, ma!, per,haps. be surprised at my taking up this s ubJect, since It IS aescnbed 111 your text books, but it is for the reason that the description is so brief that I address you upon it, as t}]ere He some vanetle s 01 It whIch you ought t o know somethino- about and which are not usually given in your text books

I faucy I h ea r some of you "<?h yes,. we knoll' allabout apoplexy, a person suddenly becomes 1l1senslble \\'Ith aboured breath in a and a lIoi se, and. one cheek is puffed out with each tlOn. That IS all very well1l1 Its way but that only expresses one form of apoplexy and that a 'err sel'ere one.

Befo re going any further, think ought to give a definition of the te.rm apoplexy, and t hen we slnll know exactly I\"h at I\" e are dealing WIth. v'(h at I m ean by and what is generally meant as far as first a ders are concerned IS the following:

A attack of y.al"tial or complete and generally of one SIde, WIth or Without lI1senslbdlty. By this definition you I"ill see that an att ack of apoplexy s not necessarily accomp::nied by unconsc:ousness, and that is the point that I wish to impre ss upon you.

r do .not want you .to. troubl e yourselves as to the cause of apoplexy, except In so far tbat It IS caused by SO[l le mischief in the brain whether it is a artery or a blo.cked artery or due to congestion or softe l11ng, It IS no: "'orth your whIle to enquire

Having th'lS defined the meaning of the term let u s consi d er the symptoms, and see if we can le arn someth ina m ore of them than what s generally In se vere cases the chiet' feature is sudder. loss of while the heart's action remains fairly strong, the breathmg IS laboured and stertorous, th1.t is snoring, with the cheek on the paralysed side puffing out at ea ch expiration-the limbs are moti o nless, and the face is flushed. Th e pupils of the eye yary, and "re generally slow in their reaction to light. Wh en the unconsciousness is over, the uf \\'hich. may vary in length according to the severity of the case, It will be notIced that that there is paralysis of the limbs on one side, and if on the right side there will also be some loss of speech If the temperature can be noticed, it will be seen that aL first it i s lowered, but after a few hours it ri ses In le ss sel ere cases, the u nconsciousne3s ast long and the s slight With reference to the tenTIlnatlOn of the case whe ther It be recol'e"y or death, el'erything depend s u pon the position of the le sion in the brain' if it OCCllI"S, roughly speaking, on the und er side of the brain, insensibility will be profou nd and there will be no rec o l'e ry, but if it be in either bemisphere, re co l'ery will take place in course of ti!11e.

I n the slighter cases of apoplexy of which 110 mcmion is made in your text-books, as far as ha\"e seen, there is one great difference in the symptoms, and tha t is there is no loss of consciousness. A person i s sitting down, say at a meal, and he has a curious feelina come over him and he find s that tne re i s lo ss of power in hi s arm or on one siJes om etimes there is pain, but there is generally a feeling-"'of numhness in the lim bs, and if the right s id e be affecteJ, there will be some difficulty i n speaking', th e cheek on that side will be fhbby and he wi ll te unable 10 screw his mouth up, as he would do in th e act of whi stlinO".

You may come across apoplexy of any degree of soe\·crit)· from the slight case to the fatal one, and it is important that you should be able to recognise it in any form, so that you may oe able to apply the pr o per reat ment

Tne cause of an apoplectic attack is some disease of the blood -v essels of the brain, but the immediate cause is gener:llly exc it ement or exertion causing the action of the he:lrt to be incre:lsed.

I t is more common in men than in w o men, and generally comes on after n)iddl e li fe,

There are other kind s of unconsciousne ss which somewhat resemble that of and it is important that you should hal'e some idea of how to between them. In fainting the face is pale, the aC'lOn. weak, and the breathing irregular, or almost stopped or OpIUm and alcohol may produce symptoms which are sometimes II.kely to be confounded with those of apoplexy. In forming a conclUSIOn as to the of the case you must take into consideratic.n not only the condition of the patient but also the surrounding circumstances, such as the history of the case, whether the insensibility came on gradually or suddenly, "'hether there is any el idence in the of glasses or bottles of the patient h aYing taken hudanum or ?-nd any person present can give any information. In examll1l?g the patient be careful to look at the eyes for any inequality contractIOn. &c., of the pupils, smell his breath, note the pulse and the colour of face, and obsene if there are any cOl1l"ulsions or if there have be en any. As regards the eyes. inequ:tlity of the pupils undoubtedly pOints to apoplexy and great contraction to p o isoning by opium, althou\{h there is one kind of'apop l exy in which both pupils are contra cted in which case you must look for some el'idence of the onse, of attack-if sudden. it would be apoplexy, if gradual, opium poisonIng. The smell of alcohol in the breath is n::>t sufficient by itself to prol'e that the condition is due to drink. because a little drink will often bring an atta ck of apoplexy, and it is in this instance where your g.reat dirficulty will arise. lOU must I\'atch the closely, see it there is any paralysis or inequality of the pupils, and if not certain treat for ap o plexy, and he comforted br the reflection that mistakes h1.vC mad e bl- better men than YOll If the insensibility has been preceded by a connllsion it is pr ob ably epilepsy, and take care to look at the tongue for any ma ks of its having- been bitten. Tbe abol'e are the chief poin ts for you to be acquain ted wi th in order that you may make a proper (as the doctors call it) of th e case, for it up o n your diagnosis that treatment dep e nds. fhis does not require me to say much, for YOll are probably all aware of what ought to be done In a sel'ere case the patient must be kept in a recum hen t position, and remol'ed as carefuily as possible to a place where hoe can be kept perfectly quiet. Hot applications or mustard plasters to the extremities will help to restore consciOllSne5'S, and no stimulants uf any kind must be gil'en e'(cept under the doctor's orders, and I need hardly say get medical assistance as soon as possible It is to tbe slight cases where there is no 105s of consciousness that r want to draw YOllr attention. These must be treated in the same war no matter IIhat the patient It is } our duty to impress on the patient the absolute importan ce of keeping quiet and al'oiding stimulants, and tbat it may turn out to be serio LIS and that he ought to geL medical adl'ice as soon as he aets bome These slight cases ale to sar he le;lst a warning and if njt treated properly may lead "ery quickly to a serious condition.

:fJ3ic\?cle Bnlbulancc.

THERE was r .:cently exhibitcd in Sydney, N.S. I V., a n adaptation of th e bicycle for the purposes of ambulance The contrivan ce is simplicity it self. Two bicycles are secured to t:e ther by a fixed rod attached to the back spindle, and also having tl\"O dia,;onal rods coming from the back sta,'s to the horizontal hars. ttached to the of tbe front IIh eel of" each cycle is a parallel steering hal' with knuckle joint", thereby allowing one m:ln to steer the "hole contril·ance. .t his is a fixeJ bar fastened to the main pillar of the "ycle, II here It IS JOined hy the lug to the diagonal pillar. This is :,11 done and lIing screw:; , The fLlme that carries the stretcher conSists ot fOllr rods nl:1de from cold drawn bicycle steel tubing Tbe two that are?tt:Jched to Lht! inner s id e of the main bar of each cycle are k e pt \11 thell' by tirm clips which cannot possibly slip. On the b.,rs that cross the and rear are .11'0 i;rackets or spiral spring-s, into whi ch the poles of the s'retcher fit, the springs pre"enting all jolting of the patiel1l

A:\IBl'LA\,CE CL\ SES.

:\OTICE

TO SECRETARIE_.

In order to facilitate the work of ecretaries of Cbsses, it has been decided to in sert N otices of Classes and Lectures on First Aid,.:\ur sing, and Ilygiene in this column at the rate of +0. a line, the mini mum ch:lI"ze to be IS. per insertion prepaid.

FIRST (BernlS.

Ho\Y THEY ATT.\CK CS-HOIY \YE RESIST THDI. A dl'lil'(,l'er1 at Bead r)ual'tel's. t. John's Gate. Clerltellll:cll, by Hon. SUl'fron F. L. PoeMi/o "";al/tll Jldl'opol!tall (/as CO/llpany IJil'isioll. St. Jolin .dJllulIlai/c(' Brigade. ( COiltinued.)

Hitherto all the germs r hal'e mentioned are either indifferent to us or friendl\' but there are germs. as I hal'e hinted, ,,·hich are our implacable enemies, and I am glad to be able to tell you that these enemies are subject to just the same I!aturallaws as the yeast and other friendly germs are and thaL they also often pois o n themsell'es by oyer greediness in the same way, Scarlet fner. diphLheria, small-pox, leprosy, cholera, and I'ery many other di,eases hal'e been found to be cam;ed by disease germs lil ing in the air, ,,'ater, milk, 6:c., in some cases in the so il. All these germs befole they can produce disease ha\'e to gain admissi o n to our bodies and they do so in yarious ways, in our food, in milk, in water, through the air ,,'e breathe, and sometimes through wounds in our skin. \Yhen once within the hod} they begin to act in just the same way as the yeast plant did in our syrup. The bo dy contains excellent fooel for them alL and there is good reason to believe that there is a food substance within us spe c ially adapied fo r the nourishment and groll,th of each "ariety of di"ease germ and that each variety requires its Ol\'n special food and cannot liYe upon that of any other

Hal'!ng found their food, lI'hether in the blood, in the lungs. in the solid parts of our bodies or els ell'here, they proceed to multiply at a grea t rate, just as the yeast did. This multiplication goes on at such a rate it is almo s incredible at first sight. Rut this is only under [al' o ura b le condition s a s to temperature, food, 6:c which conditions nt:1 er exi5t. But -•.,hat I ha I'e said Irill enable you to realise holY \'ery quickly a disease germ hal ing effected a in our b odies C,1n fill us with its felloll' germs and gi\'e rise to all the dreadful consequences of their attacks.

In tlme an end comes to all this. If the patient be I\'eak to commence \\'ith, or if the germs he specially vigorous and strong, the end may be the most so lemn end of all. \'iz" the death of the patient. But, if the patient's strength be maintained or the germs weakened, reco\'ery may take pla ce either uwing (as :n the case of yeast) to the food being all exhausted and the germs stan'ed, or to their being poisoned by thei:ol\'n poisons which are d o ing so much harm to the human being in which they have been living. Or they may be defeated in still another lI'ay which shall have to mention later.

f hal'e tOld you that appropriate foo:1 for each \'ariety of germ exists in the body. Suppose we can remove these foods, what then:' The food of small-pox we know lI e call, HoI\' are we do it? \Yell, suppose I\'e can find a tame germ so to "peak , a germ which is harmless to us and yet li\'e s on the small· pox food, and suppose we let it li,'e in our bodies until it has c::msumed all the small· pox food we ha\'e to gil'e it. Then when the wolf cOI:nes. the dreadful small-pox germ. it finds norhing to ill eon, the body IS barren, the cupboard is bare. and the dreaded germ cannot lil'e; it dies of stan·ation. This is what we do when we

The mild I'accinia all the food .which small-pox requIres and we are no longer fit tor the small pox to Itve upon, lYe are :lgainst its att:lcks. A.fter a considerable time has elapsed the food 15 gradually restored, but to a small extent, and re -yaccination makes us again safe.

In the case of and other diseases the procedure is a httle dIfferent. \\ e CU.ltll·ate germs artifically on gelatine and other sub ctances. Hal'Jng cultl\'ated them we behal'e unkindly to them, grow them at an unsuitable temperature and in other ways [n:1ke theIr surroundIngs unfavourable to their health. Hal'in a made them weak and feeble specimens of their race lie can inject into the humaa body, a.nd though they are just strong enough to eat up what food there IS there for Lhem and so leave nothing for their stronger brothers come after them, yet they are not strong enough t.o do any mlsehlef, and so when the food is done they mi erably dIe: leanng the patIent none the \\'orse but infinitely better in that he IS secure any attack of di£ease germs of the same sort. All w.e can do by way of stratagem, and this is no doubt the direction ll1 whIch most of the coming glorious discol'eries in medicine will be made.

The lecturer then showed on the screen the germs of cholera, pneumoma, consumptIOn, and leprosy.

I am unfortunatel{' unab.le to show you the germ which causes lock]a:\'. but b,etore leal'1I1g part of my I should like to refer brIefly to It. The germ bl'es in the soli, and it been found, as we sh?uld eXFect, that gardeners and others who-se hands are constantly soIled WIth earth are much more subject to lock-jaw following wounds on the hands than other people arc. In warm countries too where people sleep out in. air on t?e. ground, lock·jaw is yer;' much common than It IS WIth us, ,md It IS also more common in children the crawl about on the ground or play in gardens or 111. fields than It IS ll1 later hfe when the parts which come in contact WIth the ground are protected by boots.

AID. 1898.

Dr. Ledantic, a great tra\'eller, tells us that the sal'age inhabitants of Sant:l Cruz, of the Solomon Isles, and of the New Hebrides, poison their arrows with the lock.jall' germ.

Dr. Ledantic says: I, They the arro\\'s) are about three feet in length. the shaft i5 made of a reed, then comes the middle portion COIU' posed of hard wood, and bstly a point \Ihich is usually compo>ed of a fragment of cone, which is carefully sh:lrpened to a very fine point, and is so fixed that it readily falls off on the slightest shock.

\\,ith a sticky substance obt::tined from an incision made in the back of a tree, the point composed of the fragment of bone is smeared. This fluid on exposure to the air becomes thicker and of a more yiscid con· sistence. Thread is then wound in a spiral direction round :lnd round the sticky point. A quantity of soil from the edge of a mangrol e swamp is taken in a cocoa-nut shell or some similar vessel. and into this the arrow-head IS plunged. It is tben carefully dried in tbe sun, after which tbe thread is remoyed, when a roughened point cOI'ered with a film of dry mud and dust is left. In this mud there are probbly lockia \I' bacilli"

These disease germs then are all our implacable enemies, but I\'e car; and do resist them. often-nay more-generally, \ye gain the "ictary. and we are enabled to do thIS ll\ a most wonderful proyision of nature.

1898 .J FIRST

A 1 D. 283

,\ detachment of the Coldstre:lm Guards with stre chers and ambuwere on. tl:e scene of the ac('idenL; anJ amidst a ste:ld' dOl, n pour of rall1 Lhe I11J ured me n had tbei wou nds at tenlled to ) of th,e men were much injured about tbe head and i:lce I' thell rIfles thrown from the racks inside the car r i.:.O'es, of occupants were holJin!! their rifles letlleen the;r and lI'hen .he ,ea::1e they lI'ere proje rt ed a(,a;nst t h se th:lt were <itt in " oppo-ne. 111t11Ctlng- "orne ug-ly lI o und.:. The oe i;1)ure .1 li m o stly ot tLe Ld pS. :J.'1d inc: lI d c [) U Il- f:ll;O r K tl l) \\ ab:l, II h" was \11 ,1 co mpanment a bullt thi J rem o \e I flom the guard sIan 11:1 ,' WIth o:her,. ;njured. "' ut en)tJUb til? l.aJy frIends?f some ot the o f this unll1Jured, and :l'1th 1I'0manly promptttude tended the iniuries o f their less fortunate frIends.

_-\.s you may be aware the blood

O'\'es its colour to millions of extremely tiny little lil'ing bodies. each faintly colourel, ::rnd called the red blood corpuscles. These corpuscles are so \'ery numerous as to gil'e the clear watery fluid in which they fioat the ch:1racteristic bright colour of the !'lood.

Besides these there are other corpuscles in the blood, these are quite colourless and look like little lumps of jelly, not quite clear. but granular and cloudy in appearance. They are \'ery numerous, but not nearly as much so as the red I'ariety. These white blood co rpuscles are our soldiers, these are the deadly enemies of the germs IIhich attack the body of which the corpuscles form a part and IIhich it is their duty to guard. and wherever germs gain an entrance into the body whether by the mouth or through the skin they are atonce tackledandgenffally ol'ercome by the white corpuscles, whose \"igibr:ce nel'er relaxes and \I'ho are nel'er off their guard.

Let us for one moment suppose you pricked your,;hand or that a hair has been pulled out without your noticing it. HOlle\'er smail and may be the Iyound it is large enough to afford an en trance to poisonous germs if any be in the neighbourhood. Ther are quick to a\'ail themseil'es of their opportunity and they soon get rubbed imo the tiny wound and get beneath the surface of the skin like brigands who are stealthily attacking a sleeping I·tllage. But the sentinel are on the look Out, and immedialely the 5kin surrounding the wound is roused to a srate of great acti,·ity. The blo od I'esse!s in the imruediate neigh 'J ournood bef,in to send out lIttle holloll' buds from their walls anJ each little bud grolYS and grol\,s until it meets another little bud \\'hich it ,ioins. until in this way a complete network of little blood yessels is formed. entirely surrounding the germs. The object of thIS mOI'e is to bring more blood and consequently more white corpuscles to the scene of action. This great increase of blood to the p::rrt causes swelling and heat and pain. and when you wake in the morning you notice what you speak of as a I, pimple" on your hand, a pimple being vnly the network of new blood I'essels formed round an body of germs.

The \"hite corpuscles arril'eJ at the spot in the blood stream make their \I'ay out o( the blood I'essel:: and mOl e towards the germs, and the battle begins.

The corpuscles try to cause their soft. jelly-liKe bodies to flow round and enclose the germ5, each corpuscle tackling a germ. The germ on the other hand throws out poison wiLh the object of poisoning the corpuscle and saving itself from being swallowed so to speak.

The battle is waged with great fierceness, and \'ery often the bodies of many dead corpuscles are left on the field, this collection of dead corpuscles being what we call I, matter" or pus, and when it is present in any quantity our pimple be:omes more serious and we call it a boi lor abscess. But su ppose the corpliscles are very \'igorous and strong and well fed and that they succeed in engulfing all the germs. Then they wander back to the yessels, into the blood stream with the germs enclosed inside them, and carry the latter away to be quite destroyed and finished off Noll' this little drama which so often requires to be enacted for our preservation can ies its own moral with it. The germs are stron 0' and take a lot of beating and the white corpuscles must be strongel'" than they if we are to be defended. Hence the duty of keeping our bodies, and consequently the corpuscles which form part of our bodies, in as vigorous a state of health as we possibly can.

In order to impress upon you this necessity for taking zealous care of the means of resistance our bodies possess allow me to relate to you the experience of Dr. Koch, of Berlin, whose name was some years ago in el'eryone's mouth I\'ith regard to the cure of consumption, noll' found to have fallen short of the opinion sanguine people formed of it.

Before working with tuberculosis Dr. Kot:h thad been engaged in the search for the germ of cholera, and he believed he had founu it, and

announced his discovery to the scientific world. This :lnnouncement as usual with opposition and contradiction from many quarters, se\'eral emll1ent men holdll1g that Dr. Koch's germ was no: the aerm of choler.a. at all. Dr. Klein went further than anyone else in this Opposltl?n and to show the streng-th of his con\'ictions he went so far as to drink a containinf; large quantities of Koch's so c::rlled cholera germ,;. H IS con fidence was a pp:lrentl \' well fou:1ded. for a5 a of fact, he found himself none the for his ri-ky be\erag-e. lias undaunted nen hy this, for he fdt certain that he had dlsco\'ered the choler:!. germ and he a l once set to work to fres? proofs tbat he \\'as not mistaken. Among other experiments .he l1ltroduced the germs into the bodies of larious arr4nuls tbat :hey lIould die of cholera. To his surprise they did of the kll1d, but seemed the worse, and this set Dr. Koch th11lkmg \'ery seriously about the matter, and at last he came to the conclusion that the animals he I"as experimenting on I\'ere too healthy and that germs were completely ol'erpo\\ered and destroyed by the al1lmal Itsflf, and in this way be also accounted for the fact ih,.t the germs had not injured Dr. This \'iew \yas made to appear the nDre frol21 lhe lact that a doctor \I'ho was experimelllon the germs III Dr. hoch's laboratory, being in low health at the time. at once took cholera and died.

Dr. then, instead of allo,\'ing- the animals to be healthy, rendered them u.l1healthy and. 100\'ered their "ita lit)' before he introduced the germs mto thclr bodies, and in every case in Iyhicb this was done the animal was attacked by cholera, and in many cases died, when in health. tile animal had without harm atter takIng the same dose of the germ. XOII', it is :llmost universallv admitted thlt D!'. Koch was rigl; t and that his germ is the true cholera gem;. But IS not his experience most strikillO'? It prol'es 1110st conclusll-ely that as long as our he:J.lth i" kept up to concert pitch I\'e are secure from germ and as there are plenty of external ::rl."'ays at work (such as exposure and cold and fatigue) to lower our "aalay to danger point. is it not ob\'ioush- unsafe and foolish of us by' any lI'ilful act of "ice or heedlesness to injure that resistinO' whIch is our gre:tt safeguard and prOtectlOn. "

"orry, cold &:., IYllllower our yitality in spite of all our care, or w.e may be constItutIOnally I\'eak, and in this way we may fall a prey to dIsease or th" germs may be too strong for our corpuscles. no matter holY mu.ch care we may take of them. and in these cases, of course, disease IS But unal'oidable as disease sometimes is it is not always so. 13.Jd habits. intemperance, unhealthy surroundings :!.nd gross c:lrelessness may weaken our health and cause our corpuscles to lose the bttle,. and Lhis is the ose we hare only to thank for the dIsease whIch tollows.

It is. to our best interest then that we should by care. cleanliness, fresh all', and temperance keep our soldiers in as fit and efficient a st:!.te ::rs possible, and by so doing lIe sh:lll re:lp a rich re\\'ard in going unscathel through dangers under which others less careful and less temperate lIould h'1\'e succumbed.

1RaiIwa\? Bccibent at :fJ3islc\?

,\ T six o'clock on .-\ pril I Ith, an accident occurred on the London '1n.d South "-estern Rai!l,ay at Bisley Station. Between twenty and Volunteers "'ere more or less injured. some h:llf-a-dozen cases belllg reaarded as serious. In connection with the Easter \'olunteer lIbnccul'res, the 15th :'Iliddlesex (Docks and Customs House) \'olunte;!rs, commanded by Colonel Chambers. went dOll'n from London to Bis!ey that morning. and I\'ere exercised in class firing. At the termio[ the proceeding-s, the corps, beJded by its band, marched to SIsler StaLlon to remrn to London. They arriyed at the station shortly b 7fore six o·clock,. :l'ld, as it I\'as raining at the time, the entrallllng was speedIly completed.

.\t this time, it appears, the engine lh:lt I\'as to brin a the train to was not attached to the carriages. and the during the walt made merry in the various compa rtmen ts, some singing, oth.ers laughm;!; and chattll1g, and otherwise enjoying the respite irom their hard day 5 1I'0rk. Suddenly the t1':1.in I\'as crashed into, and the prel:ailing mirth momentarily ch:lnged into excItement :Jnd co 111mOLlon. The engll1e wheh was to take the train to to\\'n h::rd rUll into the carriages lIith great yiolence. The reason [or tbis was quite unaccountable to those a.t the station. \\"bether distance was misjud 5ed or control of the engl11e lost IS not kno\\'n, but the I'iolence of the p:utially wrecked the guard's van and also the first coach, in whIch some of the 'olunteers "ere seated. force of the collision \\''1S so great Lh:!.t the buffers of the enaine were all';w and tbe locomoti I'e olherllise damaged. The shock \\';15 felt throughout the train, and twenty-Ii I'e men are reported to have recei\'ed bodily injury, six of whom !?ust:lined serious harm, and had to be carried to the lines of the Inns of Court Rifles where they were medically ::rttended.

Cyc.lists lIere immediately dispatched in search of medical assist:lnce, and wlLhm .l qu a rter-of-an-hour some half-:l-dozen Tolunteer and :\rmy doctors were on tbe ground from the camps in the vicini ty of .-\.ldershot.

The gu:trd's "an I\as completely wrecked and a lon a third cla s s carrIag.e was thrOlln bodily off the line, while nearly el'er\' window 111 the trall1 was sh:t ttered to pIeces. The Brookwood eng-ine and tender also smashed. the bogie wheels being wrenched ane! thro\\n Into the \Iay. h is asserted that the enaine must haye been tral'elllllg at the Lite of some thirr:; miles an hour. Some half-J.. d:Jzen men Iyere deta1l1ed at 3dr'y hy their in juries.

.-\mong the. more seriously injured were PI:il'ates :'IIyers, Baker. ani Peters,:-all 01 whom are suffering from lacerated wounds about the head. tace. :lnd legs-and a bug ler who sustained a broken leg.

1Rail\"a\? 'Rtnbulance.

GREAT E,-\STERX R.UL\\'.-\.\

final of the annual competiti - ns in connection with the G. E. R -\m l' u, Corps. place at TOI\'!1 Hall. 'tratford, ,)n Tuesday, .-\pr il .)th. The sectional compet1t1ons haye been carried out at Co " he s ter S:ratford. LOII'e5toft. and Cambridge, with the result that te:ll11S tro m L1\erpoo,l-street. Bethnal Green, Stratford. Brentl\'oo d, and L?\\,estolt qualified to compete in the final. The cup I\'as \\ on by the LlI'erpool-street det:lchment. the others in the [011 0 \\111" or.der :- Brent,yood. Stratford, Bethnal Green. Cambridg-e Lowe-t o i; LI\,erpool street therefore will compete for the R:lilll a\' Challen::-e Shie ld offered by the St. John Ambulance Associ lli o n, 'In competition, two men tied, R. Stiff and S. Bate, :lnd therefore an extra prize Ins The judges were HOll. urgeon He:ltoll C. HOlYard. J:Ion. T. Taylor. of the :'IletropJlitan C:>rp::. and Brigade Chlet upenntendent 'Yo J. Church Brasier. The meml'ers ot'the team ,,'ere :-:'IIr. 'Y. :'Ibgnu5. :'III. J, Peck. :'IIr. R. Stiff, :'IIr. G. h.eary, :'IIr. S. ,-\.shton. In the e\'eningthe :'IIayol'of\Yest IIam .\lderman ". hey. J.P.) could not be present :lS arranged. L o rd Cbud ,I. Hamilwn therefore presided. being supp n:ed by the \-en. .\rchdeacon Stelen::, :'11..-\., :\11'. Foster. :'Ill'. E l lis. :\1r. :'Ilein, and :'Ilr. _-\, J. Hill. with the judges. The winning teamlha ing- gi,en an eX:lmple ot what had taken place ill the competiti,)ns, L o rd Cbud fbmilwn expressed regret that he W:1.S unable to obtain the sen ices of so me inguished person to distribute the prizes. and went on to \' th:1.t on that occasion there was cause fo r mutual congratulation. '''-ben he addres5e3. a similar assembly in that hall about year ago. he the hope, though it "':lS only a taint hope. that the Gre u Eastern Railway might, win the great raihl'ar competition that was to take place a fell' \\eeks atterw:lrds, and he could assure them. when he he1.r.:i the announcement that they had lion. he did so \yith the greatest pride. (.-\.pplause. He rongratula ted the Li"erpool-5treet corps on ,he second year of its success. thouah he might not any satisiaction, l:ecaus: it I\'as his duty to be perfectly impartial. .\'orJe oi the other (orp" hOll'e,'er, would grudge thpm their SJccess, and he was sure they would all join with him in tru5ting that they would Jgaill be successful in the Crystal Palace competition for the railway shield. (Hear, hear. and applause) Gleat credit was due to the staff of the Cllmpany for the lIay in whicb they had during the year added to the nnks of the ambulance corps. They had at the present moment 30 dil'isions, nell' ones recently been formed at Chelmsford. Goodman's Yard. Spitalfields, and Romford Factory. He did no: \1:l11t to draw itllidiOl1S distinctions, but the credit \\'as due to those men \I'hose work by solely in goods-yards. Iyhose work was heay)' monotonous. and who often liyed at long distances from their \\'0, :-:, ;h.H yer Irere lIilling-, after haying done their duty, todrillthemseh'es into efficiency. DUling the ye:lr 9i, :?qq m.::n presented the;l1sell'es for e\.aminatioll; of these 263 satislied the examiners, 183 for the first time, 46 for the second, :lnd 3c for the third or final e:\amination. They Iud arril'ed nearer proficiency Lhis year dun el'er befllre, an.:l lI'ere betkr able to hold their own against all their friendly competItor:; in the g-reat l'ompanies of the kingdom. 011 behalf of the directors of the company. he thanked the men of the ambulance corps for the good \York they had done in the past, and wished them Go.:l-speed in the future. (;\ pplause.) :'III. Foster proposed a I'ote of thanks to the judaes, allli this I\'as seconded by :J1l'. Cruse and carried with accbmalion. Dr. Taylor, in responding, said it had been hard lI'o:'k: but ,they had great pleasure in meeting the competitors and the offiCIals 01 the company, (CoJltillued OJ/pt1[Je

FIRST FIRST

.-iID .

FIB S T

CUt

GaUen,.

LO,'1 EGLE._ T

JLl r :. : [} . 0;1 ano:her oiumi1 wd ce :ound aa accoun: 0:' our repc,rcc;- 0: 'he of :m,bu';mce worl: (,:u h i rha_ ,,':...:: L3.rried au:: :1:: :he ,-uLm:::e 0: 3 aui di (T 'n '":ctOrj3 S:r e- on :hc .::> .". 21:::L: U::. \Ye :::hould 'ike en:ry onE:\yho ;: a.u in:ere:':e :r the ambu an e work of Lm.don :0 read :ha-. ac Ou11L: and fer he d::-gractful way n \\ hI 'h :he:::e poor unlor-una::e ,,'orkin:;;: me 1 'Yen:: ::i'ea:ed, The fae:,:: are :oEOIY-: :- A argt buildi;]'T " in cour::e 0:- erec::on. abou:: men oe:n!! employe 01. 1: at :he ::·me. \\'hen .::uddc:n:\' ::he r r: Loilapsed. cJrr:'ing wi:h i: tach fio(:- ar.J ;: a 0: :he \"\'0;- ''TIen. ::hc: o:her::: iu.:: 3i13gi:1g LO a e n a U?::. a ci: of : L \" Ie '::, {r - ( rue oc ,er (t whi:h cbe\' were ei: er by !1.c:an: :::caEo J p<. I> a'1 other Fn'e rr.en wee?ic:-ed om the debr:": dead, aLd .ii1E: or :en o::her:: were: -ound :0 h2ye reCei\,tJ i:J;uries; bu:. 3::: -he :3.c" seem, 110 aid re"dered or to De rendered ay -ht: police. and the-e m3nC!:ied 'LIfferer::: were pu: in::o ::0 the ho.:piLai exaG!\' ::he :;ame condi£ion ::he ,yen: round. "'i::h of this diifercn.:e ill ali probabili \- ::ht;r origi'ul injl.ii'ies were ag(Tra\'a:ed b\' this crud.: 'm-;;thoG 0;" remo\'al. T\';o 0; iho:::e 't::JL ;:0 '::he ho_pital ha\'e died. and :hree are still in the in'titution.

Let u::: two impo-:a:Jt facL:-. ·:iz the police diu nOi: render fir;:,;: aid. and -he :Jat:en :; were remon::d in cab::. no: on :::aetche;:::. I: i:::' abo ,,'or::h pi acing on re.::ord that not one dai'y pap.::r Lhought fi:: to nuke any men::ion of the ,,,am of proper ambulance arra:lgement3, In the few \\-eek a paragraph ha:; been going the round of the: paper::. to the effect that the police been recei\'ing in:::truclion in ambulance. and hmv 1m , portant i5 that they should know \"hat to do in Lhe of accidenb-and ",helt is the result? :\othing. nothinrr. Here n'e ha':e a mo:::t -erious accitn'o or three hundred yards from the of (:ommon ". and yet there is an utter absence of c':en am' elementan- measures of fir:::t aid in thi:; the chief Ci'Cy of the ,,-orlel. wiLh all it::; resource:, and ali its \\'eaith. -

L:::t us note two ob\-ious facts in connection \yith this object le:,,::on - first, that notwithstanding the instruction the police ba\'e recein:d; they do n ot render first aid: and --econd. thar up to the pre ent no pri\'ate body or association bas sho,,-n ; tself to be capable of tackling the question, and promoting an ambulance :o:en'ice for L ondon

On uch an occasion as this there is nothing to be gained by mincing matter, and n'e - ay, and sClY deliberately. that a condition of affairs as aboye i' a di:grace to this city .\I any of our country tow'ns , and Continental cities, art: far ahead of us in ambulance matter' , and it is a blot Oil this metropo lis that :It the end of the nineteellth century llotbing ot practical \'aIl1c been done by our public authorities to :::l1ccour the i1ljurcd in our "'Lrt:ets.

The police brought "orne of lileir Zlmiquatecl litler:, which ,,'en; only u:-ecl (::.0 far as \\'e can a..,certain) for the remo\'al of t he dead, and tIll:::,e liL l t:r", a') before slated in thi.; journal, are quile u u n tt ed lo r til e t l of serio u s acc id e nt

S ureh' h 3 acc :de in \ -iL:: "r':3. :::: -:-eer. __ our 'e::ile:::: ccmmisera-ioil n 'l "if :ouc: ':''),ae 0: OUf ::0 :he qui k :0, i: prO\ c::: ::!J3:. i, :' e :: hc:-a1e5 Lhe. impro:-en1l: n LonG'ln, -he ,york of t:he goo '-lL -chatour nei!!h our, ha5 bee;} .:\ ow the -'m-e i;;r - ho"-" are 0" ::21. - :11£ 3.Dou:: ;; come ;on;;rd. bu- We wa ::. Le: wor:-'ng me:} i '\.'. '::lring iT'., ::Ler De!ore :heir io 'a' members r P:1rh3.IT.en : qu.:e lrrespe 0:; :my loli;:icai :;-ee;;'lg. ,'or someLhing may be done if '\'e get he:n on our side.

jfatal heel bent III Dict0rin Street.

LR -T c\In. P,\-=-IL'IS ,1\.. --ED I:\, C.\8:3. )ur " ecia: fe ::e5,\tJr;, :: I \\::::n2.:::en:ng 3,: 2. )u: .30. ,01, :0\\:1 ds "iC:-rIa 3:r.:.:: on :lu.: :: :0:1: ;: lme:h.ng ::e:-;O'.E W ;: a:n,::::" 11:e crh: 0: :be nremen on :r.e e:::l e3 i:l 5:,e.:: na,' t· !Iy cre:::e<'! :he im;:n'e55:,J;1 :ba: wa5 :l ::re.

1:...: i: J.id :10: iong:o 'eam :ne rea: 5:;1:e 0: Rerresen:i g limo. ,\ :a::. :-e..i br.c;';; a:1-': :::O:1e of =!X 5:():-:e5-:::: !'J: "i:b noors ::-o:n tOp :0 i:-o::o:n pi,ed in a he:lp of n:i;)5. :he ::-::se::nen: aDe gro:.! d ;Jur tloc;';e t:p com.l)e:e'y, Ih,ge {;agn:en:5 0;' s: ne m2."5t::3 of mJ.50nry. ir n girder:: :m 'ycoeen :'ean15. T Jwe'ing .• :>".-e :JJ: :he ou:er \\:111. "hich :0 be buig.ng :1l1.J. on :he wlbps::. E:=:, ea:n :oi3 cange!'OU;:; rl!:p. 0i n,en. of :o'e :,le:,opo:i:au Fi:-e Brigace n...:er :he cnee:. n 01 - mm:l:1cc:\Yells. R.:\'., :lue :'fr. G.lm':;le. :md :he 5 :"age C rpo "j:h :,b,ior Fox

!:1 eomxa:-:d. were enQ'<l!eJ in the oJ! reoe!!e. The JJero 0: :he iire f:::cares were teiu!:!, \',-aund up :ll1d dO\"n as occasion requireJ :m.1 tre were !hem in a ,'en- careful manne!'. io; i: seeme :;5 if any preS5u:-e mu,,: a cJll:!pse Oi' :Ya.lI . \\01" had :0 be done. a5 some 01 the :nen at wcrk In the bUlldlllg mIght h:1\'e been IOGzed or cauQ'ht in "ome Q'idd,: position, :\b'1Y n:nrow e:c:tpes were related by :he wor,;,rnen s,;nJing roun..!, I: reminJec one oi ':cene.!: :t pi: n;ou:h afte:- :t colliery e:mlo5ion. :0 see :he enquiring fur hooe It stems men "ere on the bulldmg :u the .ime of ,he acciden •. :md when I :l:-ri\'ed :here, ti,'e J b::en Out dead. and :be in:ured b

BEE);' RDlO\,ED I);' ('.-\B5 ,0 \Ye;:;:m:nster and

);'0 FIR3T AID H,-I.D SEE);' RE);,DEi,ED b\' the Dollce or an\, b\'starders It appears miraculous dut no limbs ahhouzh 'the injuries \yere "ery seriou,:. An :ye , wirn.e55 told me that tWO men were c:trried :nrough .he bsement a bUIldIn!:!, near at b..1.nd to cabs in Yicto:'ia Street without a "tr e :<..her or any support of tbat kind. T he police brought to the six 0' those,oldfa5hioned liners that are so often to be seen 1Il tbe streets ot the metropolis com'eying drunkards to the police station. but they were only used for taking the corpses to the mortuary c\ horse ambulance belonzin<Y to the" L ondon ,-\mbulanee Sen'ICe anl\'ed but endently not in to be of service in com'eying the injured,. Shortly aiLer p m Dr. Bond arri\'ed and certified tbat tbose rematnlll O III the building "ere dead.

Canon \Yilberforce was bus}'. allliit IS assumed hiS a coffee stall hearing the \\'ell known monogram 'C E T S. was to the worker::, ,\11'. J. H. Batten vi 3'), \'inoria Streel. dirL'cteJ his housekeeper orr. Hurren) lo hasten by l'ab t) Hor:eiLrry R01J to get tbe gas ,hut off Such step" the:;e "hould I.e highly cul11menJeJ for baJ a !:,as tak<.:11 place, no Jile l'an tell \I hat the n:oult \\'0ulJ ha \e een.

\t the lime )f \Hiring- sel'en poor felloll's are JelJ :tre JUIll ': well in \Yeslmilblci lI vspilal. The of .the 1" Ire Bng.lJe .1I1J 19<.. Corps i-; ;t(COullteJ [Ill' 1,y t he lact that It " as tb o u ght a tilsllhat ,tIl esplo"iull haJ l aKen plac L

':: t-RGEO::\-L "Ei.-:-L,\; AXT-C OLO:\·EL J. E. ':::' QURE. T

HE 0111 , whC5e p r:rai:: \\" i :: h '111 It3.n- medic 1 odies' or :ls:it11 \': ege \. f

3.': :1 11: OtTI 'er in : he e:1rlier :::3.!!'c:5 his , - 0: 11 :: e e ;C3"ee;-. His ser\'i e cJ"es h '.- 0 !l:h'.::he -ot'ing. 5LLldcn:: : :: C'1i'-e,"Coliegc - le v'a:: 3.ppoi:::;:::i

Iieu :: c11:UlL ;n ::1e h )liJu:e:oc'x Ll'ln on Rin.es.

He 'Ya:: promote" L:eu-en:m in 1 - - •• n:i C V in in

I -= 1:1 Lhe i 1 o,,,i :1£ ,'e3.r he his 1 m onscq ,ellce or h:5 be:ng s(' t.:L'en up \"\'ith organi5J::i\. 11 ..1: ,i Lr. ll1ing of ::;le l:lcn l1e\\ly forme " olumeer Ho::-pii:: I He \\":15 .1ppoimed to C\.in

111al1d Cni\-e:-::-iLY College H spi-Jl Bea,'er Company (without C\.'1111111i55ion\, ..1nd 5U' ::equenLly t\.) ;:he ;ll1cy of ;:he H05pi:al CQrp:: in OC::0Der, 1 in -u.::kim or -he from ::'13.rch to June indu::i':e. ,

D uring the internl bem'een the seYer::lI'ce of hi:: COllnee-ion ""ith the tll }, Iidd sex nd his second CQll1mission D r. "':1.5 eng3.ge:1 ill harder \\'l'lr " f\.'11' the '-ohm eer force 113n. [ :1.11\' time whilst commi::sil'lncd H e ,\'. s in COl1Stan- comni.unic:uion \"ith the medical of the \\-::u- Office "'ith [0 the or o'anis:1 t ion , uniform. 3.nd of the JI cdic:ll t. jf C orps then bein g formed, and n·3.S for :o\.)l11e ime 5e'retan' of the {ormed for th3.t purpose BefOle the se n -ices of the C orps ,,,ere formally 3.ccepted. had raise d 3.nd trained :1 company , ninen strollg from a m ongst the student- of the H ospital , a n d h e tr :1ined in drill eYen: officer nOll -commissioned offi c e r and m 3.11 of the: COI:PS then nearly 4-00 strl'lng , b e n o' t he onl\' officer \\,11 0 W:1S 3.CcustCll11ed to drill , etc months h3.rd ''''ork to bring the to a hicrh st3.te of dficiellc\-, the :lU t horiti s ac cepr ed it , an d "'ithin 3. n i n credib ly brief spac e of time fr o m t he date of i t \ \':1' t a k incr p3.rt in the E a ter w hich ,,'o ul d h a\ e b een imp oss i ble with o ut p re \ io u " t r:li n i n g 'Yhen th e co rp ca m e i nt o offic ial e xi stence t h e su bject o f t hi s k e t c h wa s g a zett e d urg eo n i n th e for ce_ Jun e , a nd app o int e d t o the c o mn13.nd of 'X o I C o mp a n y : h e ub co mm l11d e d 7\ 0. unt il h e \\' 3.S p r o m o t ed s urgeo n-m 3.jor 3. n d seco n d in c o mm :lI1d, in T "::0,. On th e: r et irem l1 t of s,ur geon-Lie ut .C o lo n el :\ o r to ll fr o m t h e c h ief co m mall d last m ont h, Sur o'eo n -Lie u t. -C o lo n d \\'a s :1 lh.1l1 ccd to th e p <..'I :-' l. follo wi l1cr dt: co r.lti OI1 S bee n C n fc rr e d l) 1l him :-Th e Jubil ee C o mmenw r a ti o n :Jk d.d, 1:0, ; Egy pti a n M e dal w i th cia p fo r llakim: Y o lunteer

GREX: SORT!-IE:-;- A.L\\'.-\.\'.-The t-; re :\ ll\\ \'

Cv:ui-:!.ny 5 Lhlet llf, ',,:5 ,en:::- j ":::ll cn;e e for 1nnu.::iy \- the :ta: :.. lh l. :he ep' " (If !l:e L0mp:my. h'e 01\ 1 h '}:,: London :e:t;11 W3.5 3.,1 uJged ::1e winue:' 3n tb,:;: :11 \\ . Ih.l\ :q' ::3<,: 1: :he Gre3.: S 0r:nem C'lllr.l!l." in til, :J ".Jl :Ile 0:!ler :01' :he R:lil",.lyCiu; en,:!',,:3I.t: J 1\.1;:

.-\. Ho·iis. .:-n..ion :e3.:11: se-'nd. :. S.::n,'en. L'l1d a :e.l;n: th:l Sil11u:Js. S. ildy te3.111, TIle cup :111.1 "e: e -'1:e hy L :..1 De R. one oi the di:-eL'i of "ile 'c m:. nr. \\ h, II:,:' :' Tl)Uite.1 :r ot :he, The )11-L. R 11 ,,;C'\ aile. H3.rper 01 ine o,un:eer :'lIed:..::.• t1 c"Pi', he l' c ,'ee,:ii';S :er:l1111:ne..1 with :1 h):e ,,[ ,hi nk;; :0 hi;; [,'rci:,nil' .1nd the 't< 1;'\.':'. "'E:::TER" .-\:l\\- \\,-,\n \..l:nilu:il n '-or; l' Pi: pc);:e <'1 ;;eie,:ing :1 .ea:l1 l,' :he S0U:!1 \\-t::':em 111 the peI:lion in:ltlgt.ra:ed :3:. ,-\:lhU; .ll1<'e ,-\:'::< '1. :i'l1. '1.1S 'le'J .: rhe Rail,,:1\' Ins:i:u:e. Eas::e:g-h, ,111 Sa:I::- ay en1<,'11. ,\pil1ttl. UnI" iot;!' :e; illS ,h:, he "hole ::31'::3:CI1\ n: ,'cd .he c:j':ln. rile5e representing :he }', reham. Ea:::deigh 1I1J 11 l',ltf.,· ,1l1J :he Ea:::deigh Rai!w.l:- \YcW'5, Deputy-Insl"": 'r G"'ne·.·.,! \\ R. :\ H.l5Ltr Hc)sp::a;. Gc.q c 1':. \\.15 ,he ', .• mine" 111d PUt :he:eams "hich cf 11\'e Illell e;l,'h, :1:;0 gh a ct' 11:'st .11d e:\erLi:::e:::. inciu 1l1,:!' 8;re:dler Jrill. he lre.ltmen ,)f I'. ;"Iull:' supp0seJ injuries to 1;'11;";: ll1d al50 !'es,'ue 1'l.1e r .<nl: c,f the e:\, min:1ti011 \\:15 m.lde knuwn :::hon y ;l1:er ;:1' <' '·10,· It bL'l11g :_ 15t. F;l:'eham Tl a ffic .2.21 p0i:lt:::: .end. Ea:::tleigh rl.llne. ::r.2 Pt';llt::', E;l:,tl",ig-h \Y l'rii:5. :: +:h, \Yimble-i,)I1 Tr:lln, 1,0 Pl)il1:;:. 'rhe Fareh:lm te:t111 "ill :hus iUI'e the hon0ur (Ii llphu!ling the "1011<.\ur c)f the S ouih \ Ye::::erll Kail\\'ay men ;lg :llSl te.ll11::: <)f:ll' uther r.li!",.l\'S the LO);,l 0);' :\' oKrH-"'t-:'fFl..:":- R.-I.IL\\ .\\.'- The lin.tl e,.Il11in;1t:0·1 tor the shie Ie.! :t nd meda 5 offert:d iOT efli'lell'::-," in .ll1ll'li Lt lh'e Ih'rk l'.' the London. nd .\',)nh, \ e;:tern C,Jl11P:\l1Y w<,k pl.h'L'.l L'r we. Th 'oe w ere e1e y en e0mpeting e;II11-, :liter :;e eral h\.'t!rs· C,)11\ the follu " in a " 'as a nnoul1L'ed ,1 - the c)rder 01 mel'lt: \\ 111 n",r5 vi :::hlelJ and medals, \Y o!\,erton team: se'ond, "I'ewe: third, Binningh.tlll, Cur;c'l1street. O thers " er e pbced as follo\\'5,-Leic·esta. B.lI1gc'r. remith Oldham P restOn Edge-hill , BrynllU \'}', and l'au iL'lt1 r.

GREAT \\' E:TER" RAIL\L\ \' -To select :t te.\lll lc) the Great \\' e5tern Railw:l \' Compan in the icwthcoming dl.lllel1ge "hidlt competition lopen to Ius ['e'en hclcl,t, t'l,,:cen til", h \'e tirst pri,:e :-P:lcIJll1g:ol1. laul1t011 \ bt'rcLtre. hlll11ll1gh;l :11, :lnd Ph'!1l0Ulh, .1l1ei the PI te;llll 11:1:3 l'een. ded.1 rt'J the " inners. T11':: d,'ct,)rs \\h,) hay\.? kildh' a<'lc,I:1:' III th<.':,e C<)I11PCUllOI1:> h.ne them::,eh e",:l;; hlghh .In..! sut.e th:l. lhe kn JI .h"lulrcd lly thc t le,H \\ t';,e II [-...,11 \. <'_1111'.111\ ,. stall' l\vtilJ l'e "i t!le lltlll<'st \ .due III .l!,1. L he Ilt", heH in ,,, hid l this le.tlll " ill uke p:ltt " Ill b' held 11l Lvncl,lll ul1

FIRST

,,"ork and his old corps in Korth Stafford s hire. 11 rs. Coghill afterwards distributed the remainder of the awards, seventeen certificates, thirteen I'ouchers , and nine medals bestowed on the North Staffordshire railway class for successes in examinations held in the J896-97 session, and five certificates, five I'ouehers, and twelve medallions on successful emergents from the J 97-98 tests. Ladies attending the Cross-street class, Stoke, were presented with fourteen medallions. Th ere were no fail ures in any of the last session's examinations. The proceedings concluded WIth votes of tbanks to i\Ir. and :'I Irs. Coghill, proposed by fill'. l\f asefield and seconded by i\Ir. Holtom to Dr. Arlidge and Dr. Frank Fernie, class lecturer, proposed by the Rector of Stoke, and seconded by Mr. Cull aud to the '\1ayor for presiding.

-UUlhr 'UUlOlllen are BttracU"e.

\VHY s one woman atLractil'e and another not? It isn't entirely a question of age, or features, or intellect. The most admirable and attractive thing about an attractil'e woman is her womanliness. E\'erybody admiresa womanly woman. She must have health, of course, because wi thout it she would lose the brigh tness of her eyes, the fulnes s Df her cheeks, and her vivacity. Health brings all these things, but health means more than most people think of. If pale, nervous, and weak, a woman lacks good health. 1,Yomen ,,·ho are pale and wan should not I'Psort to iron, drugs, and tonics, except by the adl'ice of a properly qualified medical man. They should try instead to nourish and build up their blood by the vital nourishment imp arted by Dr. Ti bbles -i -C ocoa And so rosy cheeks and comeliness may be attained Surely the road is pleasanter than the thorny and nasty path payed Irith drug'S.

CTillotson, Alexander Hotel, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, writes. c'I have tried Dr. Tibbles' ,'i-Cocoa, and like it yery much. I shall have much pleasure in recommending it to my patients."

Miss S. Percival, Post Office, Burgh, writes :-" I do not think any can :'Ily fa.ther has been taking- ordinary cocoa, but I tblllk Dr. Tlbbles I-Cocoa IS better. I will tell my friends of your Vi-Cocoa."

.Mrs. Lin,den \\.i£?bledon Hill, Surrey, writes :-" I thInk Dr. Tlbbles YI-Cocoa IS deliCIOUS, and quite fulfils all saiu about it. "

Mrs. Budden, Bradwardine, Bournemouth, m'ites :-" I am pleased with Dr. Tibbles' \'i-Coc oa, and like it, and will certainly use it in future " ylerit, and merit alone, is what we claim for Dr. Tibbles' Vi - Cocoa, and we are to to any reader who names First A id a dainty pie t.1 n of DI:- , I-Cocoa and post paid. There is no magic In all thiS It IS a p.laln. bonest, straightforward offer. It i s done to introduce the merits of Vi-Cocoa into el'ery home Dr. Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa as a concentrated. form of and vi tali ty is il1l'aluable; nay, more than tbls ; for to all who WIsh to face the strife and batt le of life with greater endurance and more sustained exertion, it is abwlutely indispensable.

Dr. Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa can be obta ined from all chemists O'rocers and store, or from Dr. '-i-Cocoa, limited, 60,'61 and62, Bu'nhill Row, London, E.C . \ Vnte for free sample.

BiD for the 'UUlonnbeb.

C n.der modern tions of \\-arfare, the care of the sick aI1ri wounded an exceedlllgly detail in field organisation, and "'.Ith the .gl:l?1 shadow of looming darkly over two nations so cIl'lllsed as the. uI1lted States and Spain, it i s not without II1t.erest to glance at their preparedness for tbis aspect of the struO'O'le It IS necessary, the pai{v Telegraph, to recall h e suffen.ng-s of bra\'e men Jl1 the Cnmeayntil Mis s Florence ,\'ightingale's maglllficent labouls for offiCial shor tc o mi'igs, to realise how Immeasurably .the hardshIps of. war a l'e increased where the medical department IS Inadequate but It was not until after this les son had been tau.ght the articles of the Genel'a Convention of r il6+ estabhshed understanding in the interests of the ,rounded or aIling 1l1dlvldual soldier Briefly these t' I 'd " h' " ar IC es pro\'! e or t e neutrahty of all field and permanent hospit a ls, of all their and of all of the Medi ca Staff Corps. The pel the staffs of h ospitals to contll1ue their la bo ur s under the OlClrpaLlon of the country by. an enemy, and to pass unmole s ted to their :ommands.. 1 h.e Sick are protected, those caring for them are I e" al ded by otectlOn, and .wounded prisoners, when cured are !·etur.ned to theIr o\\'n country on parole A flag, baving a red on a whIte fieie, the safety of hospitals, while a white arm-band the of to them." The practical outcome of. t.hls COll\'entlOn, whIch Sits time to time to consider how to mitIgate some of the worst barbantles of combat, has been the founda-

AID [May, 1898.

tion of Red Cross Societies in almost every co untry claim ing any degr ee of civilisatio n, which have proved m ost valuable adju n cts to the military medical services.

To speak, first, of the United States, the \Var Department provides what is known as the" Sanitary Corps." This consists of three classes of men-namely, medical office rs, company bearers, and the noncommissioned officers and private3 of the Hospital corps Tbe firstnamed are, of course, fully qualified surgeons, and the second form a section somewhat analogous to our own hospital orderlies , inasmuch as they are privates, who, in addit ion to tbeir military drill, are specially instructed in first aid to the wounded and the transport of the disabled. The members of the Hospital Corps might almost be classed as "male nurses," for their duties are limited, apparently, exc lu sively to the care of the soldie:- patient s. The teaching of each member is like that bestowed upor, a hospi tal nurse, b u with a sp ecia direction towards surgery He is particularly ta ugh t to improvise from materials tbat might be available on the field, as, for instance, how to lise a bayonet as a splint, or to make a pad from hay kept in place by strips torn from clothing. He is, howe\'er, supplied with what is known as a "First Aid Dressing Packet," which is d escribed by Dr. Pilches, a leading Ameri ca n writer on am bulance service, as "a little flat pacb.ge about three inches square, containing a small amount of antiseptic dressing material of the most approl'ed character, wrapped in oiled silk, to prevent its losing strength, an antiseptic rOller bandage, and a triangular banda,g-e with a safety-pin; the Irhole seale.d in a wrapper of gutta - pereha cloth, upon which is printed directions for tbe use of it!' contents." The transport of the wounded is a matter, tOO, on which instruction seems very thoroughly gi\'en in the" Sanitary Corps," which in this branch foll o ws well in tbe lines of the" Sanitary Commission" which did such good work in the Civil War. The co n st ructi o n of litters from unlikely resources is another brancb of trailling, and men are taught how to evolve a comparatively easy temporary couch from a pair of rifles with their gun-slings.

Within the field hospital itself, or upon the hospital ship, the corps bears its part, and then comes the supplemental work of the R ed Cross So ciety, and its highly-trained women nurses In America, this just now stands upon a somewhat unusual basis, as b:ls for president riliss Clara Barto n, a very wealthy woman, who bears the greater part, if not the cost of the \\'o:·k. For some time past it has heen supporting phYSICIans and nurses 111 Cuba, and, If war happened to break out it wo uld unquestionably draw to itself and organise the best nursinO' of the country. Nursing i s perhaps not quite so popular or complete ly a profession in the States as with ourselves and indeed, the indebtedness of American nurses to English and ideas, has been a matter of some bitterness in certain directions. It is surely not without significance that the recently founded X aLional Association for American nurses should ha I'e chosen an English-born lady for its first president. Still, the great hospitals of the leadinO' cities possess matrons, sisters, and nurses of tt'aining and skill second none in the ,YorId, and a call on such resources would be unhesitatinO'ly and devotedly answered. The headquarter s of the American Re d'" Cross Society are in \Va s hington, occupying the same h o use as d id G eneral Grant and his staff du!"ing the civil war. It ha s sent ,'aluable aid into the in several of the campaigns of re-:ent years, and many gratlfyll1g gIfts, addresses, and badges from R oyal personaO'es and public bodies, sent in recognition of the services it has Spain, too, in addition to th e ambulance corps of the army has her Cross Society. which has been specially active in aiding those lilvahded home from Cuba, by tending them on arrival ill the transports providing them with clothes, which in many cases they sadly needed; and money to convey them to their friends. A certain nUl1ber of Sister:; of i\Iercy have assisted in the work, but l?Ore been done by men, who have shown much gentleness and kmdness m dealinO' with the Society is chiefly supported by pril'a te effo r s though it enJoys the dIrect support and recognition of the Spanish O'overnment the Queen Regent, take.s the deepest interest"'in i ts ,ab ours, constantly sends assIstance Jl1 money and O'arments. AmonO' the of Spain., however, it is generally regarded with appro and.1l1 thIS co un try possesses a warm and devoted supporte.r III the Vlcom tesse Lagasca, the of the newlyappolllted Ambassador, who, m the course of a IlLtl e description of its methods, stated that the chief work of organisation in the event of the calamIty of war, .would upon Senor Cane lejas. This distinguished statesman ha d h .IU1 self vls.:ted C u ba, a n d seen the working both of the Army Med cal ServIce and of the SocIety, and knew thoroughly what w.ould be needed b.>:" them. Incid entally, the Vicom,esse pa id a hIgh tnb ut e to the SpanIsh nav a l do ctors, wh om she described as not IV.e ll paid, but animated by a remarkable zeal for thei r service, and as kllld and tender-hearted in their unselfish devotion to their patients. the Cuban troubles the sick and disabled have as far as been sent home for treatment, at,d that course would probably ?e both w it h naval and military patient s s hould Spain be lllvolved III the more ternble struggle of a conflict with America.

TRADE NOTICE.

The Trade will be supol ied by Mr. F. BRETT, 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Hill.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

For 12 months, IS. 6d., p ost free) t o be sent to th e Publish er.

Pl'BLfSHER'S NOTIC'E.-In con,equence of the demand for back numbers, the. Pu b lishe r has to give that the price of any back number prevI ous to the cur rent year, WIll In future be 2d. As the stock of some IJf them s very limited, it would be well for those of our readers who wish it, to comp lete their sets wi thout delay.

:n3revities.

V{E heLve again to congl'fltulate the G1'eflt Ea ste1'n Railway on the succe::-,s of their teRm at the inte1'-1'aihmv competiti on at the POl-tman Rooms on the 12th ult. This is the s.econc1 time they havc ,yon the challenge shield, amI as the Judge al'e not the same as on the pl'eyious occasion, there is eyel')' t'eason to think that the Gl'ent Eastern is the premier team ill the rajlway wodd. This is somethino' to be pl'OUel of, amI " -e hope that it will encoUl'age the to fm·thel· aml fo:-;tel' the mo'-ement on tbei)' lines It 'w ill pay ill the end, although it costs n little at ]Jl'esent * *

On another column "'ill be found an extract from the ann u a l l'epo1-t of the HO:'1pitals' Al';s ocintion (Ambulance Bnmch), from \Y hich it appears that their ambutLllce sta tion We1'e uE:ecl 2,086 times in the rear ending 3 1st )1arch,1898. The acc id ents reported by the police as OCCUlTing in the streets in 1806 were 8,09 7, beillQ' an of 968 on the p1'evious year Reckoning on basis, the accill ents this year will be about 10 ,000 We are not toW in the report by yhOUl these ambulances \y ere used, or for \.-hat cases, Lut it ce1·tainl y sho,,-s theil' need, aml does not go to proye the efficiency of the police ambulance as 8XPl'P 'sed by the H ome Sccretal'Y.

If we might venture to make a suggestion to the Hospitals' Associl;1.tion and to Ml'. Bischofi'cheim. we sbonhl he pleased to see some of their stations trilllsfo l'm ed into l'eal stations wi th a trained ambulance man in charQ'e It ' ,oulLl be possible to get the permission of the authol':'ities to place ueh a station in or near some of the streets where the tmftic is conge;.;ted. or whel' e accident;.; m'e knmnl t.o lw ppen. This ill addition to the station at p1·e3ent. in U:5 e wonhl be the beginning of an ambubnce service, nml wO\lld a lso belp to educate t.he public.

Our congmtuhtions a .'e al so due to tbe vVei llingb oro u gh teDm f or theil' su ccess in the Bl'iga.de Competiti on. To sco r e a win over the J'v1etropolitan tcam is W'l'Y creditable anrl '\-e h ope the)T \\ ill do theil' best to keep the" Dewar " Shield

_\:\'SWER

TO CORRESPONDE.':T.

T. S,;\[fTH (Sandy).-\\"e wr ote you, hope you receiyed the letter. Our many correspondents :Ire thanked for the ir contribulions.

{tbe 11)ospitaIs' Bssociation. (A:\1BULANCE BRAI\CH.)

Th e follow!ng extract is taken from the ninth Annual Report, for the year 3 1 st r 898. The following table shows the num ber of StatIons of the vanolls classes, and the number of acciden ts remol'ed dUrJng the year, and also for the preceding six years:-

JO

JO 0"" '"

M 0 '-.::J I Is, I

It will be obsen'ed that the total is not only grea:er tlun in 18 g6 but than in any year. .'

Although these hgures, as the CommIttee hal'e III prenous Rep orts, are unrelia ble as far as the Th oroughfare StntlOllS are concerned, since a I:omplete record cannot be kept at those places and therefore approximate estimates haye. had to suffi ce, they are neveof' theless sure hat the O'eneral conclUSIOn to whIch the figures pOtnt namely, that the are more widely employed, is correct; and they have the most positive evidence that they ar e much more frequently by the Police than has hitherto been the.case

On 22nd June, rSgi, Diamond JubIlee Day, a speCIal W,a3 orO'anized in co-operation with the '\[etropolita n Po ce, to prol'lde tor of ;;ccident arising among the crowd witnessing the Procession. The Divisional Surgeons of the .\fetropohtan PolIce su p er intended the operations at the wh ol e belllg: under the directi o n of \lex ander O :'Ib c h .ellar, Esq Chief Surgeon of the M etropol itan Police, and the H onorary Secre ta ry. There were 6 Secti o ns, comprising 20 Stati ons, and each StatIon \'.'as in charge of a Surgeon, under whom were two tr.lined Bearers, with

one o r t wo ambu lances accord ing- to the requiremenls of the position, and every requisite was supplied to each ambul:tnce. Attached to each Section was a Hospital Sister-volunteers from St. Maris Hospitaland at Trafalgar Square there were two.

The most busy Station was St. Margaret's Square, neJ.r the Houses of P:lrliament, where the cases were too numerous for the Sister to keep a record. From 12 o'clock till 3 there was a constant succession of patients, and frequently there were as many as 10 under tre:ltment at once. There Dust hal'e been between and 200 cases at this Station. At \\'ellington Arch, Hyde Park Comer, the number of cases was 40, but at none of the other Stations did it exceed 10.

There can be no question that a Service consisting of 23 Surgeons, 6 experienced Hospitial Sisters, and So trained Bearers, was equal to almost any demand that could have been m:lde upon it. Happily no serious demand arose, another striking evidence of the good behaviour of a London crowd; but it was necessary that the Service should be organized, and the Committee are glad to report that the skill and rompleteness with which the arrangements were m:lde met with the cordial appreciation of the Police Authorities.

A List of the Stations open at the end of March, 18g7, is appended.

(Signed) THO:'lIAS RYAN, Hon. Secretary

LONDON STREET A:'I1BULANCE SERnCE.

Stations open 31st March, I8g7.

FIRE BRIGADE STATTONS.-Southwark Bridge Read; Theobald's RO:ld; Bethnal Green; West Ferry Road, Isle of Dogs; Evelyn Street, Deptford; Peckham Road,Camberwell; Camden Town ; Faraday Road, W.; Great Scotland Yard; Great Marlborough Street; Commercial RO:ld, East: Bishopsgate Street; Crystal Palace Parade; VVaterloo Road. HOSPITALS.-Sr. Mary's; Great Northern Central; Guy's; i\liddlesex; St. Bartholomew's; St Thomas's; German; Royal Free; Cnil'ersity College; Cancer; Poplar; East London Children's; London. THOROUGHFARE STATTONS.-Cab Rank, Marble Arch; Cab Rank,:vIidland Road; Cab Rank, St. Clement Danes; Cab Rank, St. Jarnes's Square; Cab Rank, Pickering Place; Cab Rank, Maida Hill; Cab Rank, Queen's Gate; Cab Rank, Archer Street; Cab Rank, Royal Crescent. Cab Rank, Eccleston Bridge; York Street East, E. ; Marsbalsea Road, S.E. ; Cab Rank, Blackfriars Road; Cab Rank, Albert Road, K .W.; Sloane Square; Lavender Hill, S.W.; Cab Rank, Langham Place; Portman Square; Rye Lane, Peckham; \"ine House, .\Iile End Road; East and West India Dock Roads; All Saints' Church, Poplar; Tabernacle Square, Old Street, E.C.; St. George's Road, Southwark (near Elephant and Castle); Yauxhall Cross. OTHER STATTONS.-NelV Dundee Wharf; 47, Holborn \"iaduct; West Ham Fire Station, Canning Town; Royal Exchange; Chelsea Town Hall. 1 0TAL 57.

THE EVENING SCHOOL COOE - The code of regulations for evening continuation schools for r893 has just been issued by the Educational Department. It several useful alterations. There has been added 1.0 Article 2, sf'tting forth the subjects of instruction for which g-rants may be p Lid, the subjectofhome nursing. Hitherto this subject has been taught as a branch of ambulance work, and now that it has been brought into greater prominen c e by advancing it to a position of a separate subject it is likely to become more popular. There is great necessity for an extension of the knowledge of laws of health and their pnctical application among the classes represented in the evening schools; probably a large number of applications for medical relief at the London hospitals could be prevented if the poorer classes acquired the knowledge to enable them to tre at common ailments in a proper way, while the sick in their own homes would feel the advantage of better nursing The usefulness of the evening school will thus be increased by the additional attention to be given to this department of instruction The alternatil'e scheme for teaching the subject of home is that of the St. John Ambulance Association, under which instruction must be given by a uuly-qmlified medical pr:l.ctitioner to the sexes separately. In last year's code, Article 3 included drawing as a subject recognized for the purpose of the fixed grant, the grants for drawing being paid by the Science and Art Department. The subject now disappears from the article, a:-.d is placed in Article 2. The examination of scholars in drawing by the Science and Art Department is discontinued, and Her Majesty's Inspectors will in future inspect and report upon the instruction in this subject. The amount and conditions of the grant are set forth in Article 15*, whir h states that where the inspector reports that drawing is satisfactorily taught a grant of Is. gd. is made on account of each scholar who has at least 20 hours' instruction in drawing.-Times.

[We presume that this paragraph is published by authority \lVe are glad to see that Home Nursing is to be tallght by duly qualified medical practitioners. But this Regulation still seems to be in force ".except for the Hygiene Course no lecturers whatever can be recognls(;!d whQ ar(;! not dull' medical

'1lonbon tllllbu[ance.

THE WESTMINSTER CATASTROPHE.

i\1 r. Hubbard inquired of the Home Secretary whether any first aiLl was rendered to the wounded on the occasion of the disastrous collapse of a buildinO" in Orchard Street, \Vestminster. on April when a number of were injured, seven being killed; and whetber any steps could be taken by the GOI"emment to del'elop an efficient ambulance service for Lonuon Sir M. \Y. Ridley 5t !led that the men injured in the accident were remol'ed immediately to Vestminster Hospital, o nly 350 yards distitnL This WitS consiuered a better than attempting to render first aId 1\1 the presence of a gTeatand exctted crowd. The five most seliously injured were, he was told, under treat" ment at the hospital within four minutes of the accident. Eight ambulances from different police stations and one horse ambulance arrived promptly on the scene, and of the 100 constables present 70 were competent to render first aid. He had e\'ery reason to think that the police ambulance was thoroughly efficient. (Cheers.)

TIlE POLICE AND THEIR AMBULANCE ARRANGEMEN T S.

To. the Editars 0/ THE LA::\"t.:ET.

Sirs,- T he Home Secretary's reply in the House of Commons to a question about first aid in London, as reported in THE LANCET of May 14th, seems to me to deserve more attention than it has yet met with at the hands of the press, since it affects in a marked degree the safety of all those who daily pass along our thoroughrares With reference to the ambulance work rendered by tne police on the occasion of the collapse of a building in Westminster on April 21st, the following undisputed facts may be noted. No first aid was rendered on account of" the presence ofa great and excited crowd" (springing up. I suppose, instantaneously); cabs were used to convey the injured to the hospit1.l, for there could be no time to get any other means of cC1nveyance, as they were removed to the hospital and under treatment within four minutes of the accident. Out of the 70 constables present who, we are told, were competent to rencier fir::t aid not one was called upon to treat a single case. It is superfluous on my part to upon tbe curious reason given by the polIce for n?t. renderIng first upon the hasty method of getting these poor lIlJured men to the hospttal, as both are exactly upon all fours with the ordinary manner adopted by the police in treating the every-day accidents in our streets. They on y bring out in strong.relief the main no ambulance work ?f any consequence is carneu out by the polIce It1 the case of street aCCIdents. If ever there was a case in which first aid ought to have been promptly rendered, the catastrophe at \'\'estminster was the one, and it is not creditable to this city that the polIce ambulance arrangements should turD out to be such a failure. I am very much afraid that the remarks of the Home Secretary were not thoroughly understood hy the House of Commons or the :'I1.embers I,"ould never have cheeretl the admission that no first aid was tendered in a c;].se where it was so essentially required. S u rely the time arrived :vhen the should make some actempt by ll1qUlry or otherWIse to dIscover what IS wrong and wby we cannot ha.ve sOI!le of first. aid employed in our streets. Durtng thts year,)udgtn.g from prevIOus statistics I estimate there will be 12,000 aCCIdents tn the streets of London (including the City , and, as you. hal'e stated these only form a small portion of the would aSSIstance, and ask, tberefore, in the name of hamantty, the suffertng humaOlty that is before our eyes, whether you C:lnnot do something to draw the attention of the Government to this crying want. Your power is great and could hardly be used in a better cause.

I am, Sil'S, yours faithfully, HEATON C. HO\\·ARD.

'[be lPolice anb jflrst Bib.

t he St. J ohn Ambu l ance A ssociat ion has r ece n t l y a pamphlet (written, we belieYe, by Mr. J ohn Furley) describing the origin and of the Association, and also containing 3. speclal chapter on the above subject.

T h e first po r tion gives some interesting detai ls of the history of t he AssociatlOn, especia ll y ya luable t o all fi rstaiders

I n t be c b 3.pter on po l ice and first aiti, we l earn t hat i n 18 78 classes were firsL formed for the members of the Metropolitan police forl.-e. On the 27th 1879, t.b e fo ll owincr order was issued from the .Metropo li tan P o ll ce Office

MEMo.-When aid is offered to the police in rendering assistance to persons injured in the street by a certified pupil of the Order of St. John Hospita l Sunday }'l1ncl Supplemrnt, ?l11lY, lE9,j.

Jun e

, 189 8.J FIRST

of Jerusalem Ambu ance Classes, the offer is to be accepted, unless the ci r cu m stances of the case are such as, in the opinion of the officer prese n t, render it unadvisable to do so. A report is to be made of any cas e in which aid offered as above is declined.

\VILLTAM C. HARRIS, Co:nmissio nero

Th e following is also \yorth quoting :-

It is not necessary to dilate at length on the advant1.ges that accrue to the public through the acquisition and practice by the police of a knowledge of first aid to the injured, as it is well known that the policeman is in almost every case of accident t1e fir5t person sought, a n d instead of being only able to protect the injured person from the interference of a sometimes too curious crowd, the trained officer, proud of his skill , and anxious to demonstrate its worth, immediately proceeds to apply the proper first aid treatment, adopting to his requirements such articles as hemay have on his person, or can borrow from the by,slanders. .Y1uch valuable assistance can be given by the use of his staff as a splint, and his belt or buckle as a bandag-e, in fact, in the hands of an intelligent and expert nun there are many things such as walking handkerchiefs and straps that can be brought into use for the purpose desired.

\ Ve are also told that in the ;\Ietropolitan pol;ce, police classes have been regularly held since Y1ay, 1378, expenses being now paid by the R eceiver- Gener;!l. For the last tllelve months all recruits have passed through practical course of training. :-';0 returns as to numbers are to halld, but it is estimated by the Asscciation that the number of ;;ertificated members is not less than 3,000.

I t is worth wbile considering the actual value of all thlS teach i ng. ,\Ve cert3.inly think that e\'ery praise is due to th e St. John Ambubllce _-\ssociation for its work amongst the police, and for the cHarts it has made to inlpart instruction to them, but the result must be yerv discouraging. After twenty years, the tOLal !lumber o"t· men cert ificated is only 3,000 out of over 13,000 , that is at the rate of IS O a ye,u ; aiJd if the progress made in the fu ture is at the same rate, it will be eighty years before tbey are all instructed. But that is not the chief point-if we compare the second extract giyen above and with which we cordially agree, with the exhibition, or rather complete absence of first aid \york at the accident of'W estminster, one may well excbim-What is it all worth? Are the police cap::tble or are tbey not? If they are to be i udged by their actions and by the explanations they give, the answer must undoubtedly be-decidedly incapable and incompetent.

The Home Secretary has said officially, tInt t he police ambulance is thoroughly efficient, if so , why does he permit the St. John Ambulance _-\.S 'ociation to haye stations in the streets, and the Hospital ' _-\.ssociation to ha\"e their litters aboul.

There is something wrong somewhere, and we are inclined to think that before many months are oyer, the Home Secretary will have found reason to change his m in d. I n our opinion ambulance \vork ought to be cdrried o u t by t r a ined ambulance men.

The Crztzc" for last week has also an article on " T he P o l ice 3.nd First Aid," with special reference to the accident at W estminster. It is coucbed in strong lang u age, and denounces the police for their treatment ofthe injured. It is too long to in ert in this J ournal, but we recom:11end our readers to peruse it This is the last par3.gsaph :

The ambulance work of the London police is in reality a l::t.menlable fiasco; and that fact is of great personal interest to e\'eryone wbo uses our con crested city streets. It is not to think that, knocked down by a reckless carman or cabby, one is at the sweet mercy of the nearest conslable who may care to dlop one into R cab without regard to injuries recei\"ed, and drive furiously off to the nearest ho s [Jital in the the fastest possible time. The prospect c.loes not fascinate me; and I hope to shortly outline the principle on which an adequate ambulance service might be created in tbe metropolIs.

BR.ADFORD POLICE AND FIRST AID.

T h e purchase by the Bradford Watch Committee of a case of surgical a ppli a n ces for e ac h of the d s trict police stations, is another incident in

A 1 D. 2.9 1

the steady development of means of immediate aiJ to the injured, which has been so marked a of our locd life in recent ye:lrs, and it seems to as far IS reasonably possible, the chain of agencies for the allevtatIon of suffertng and the saving of life in cases of accident. 'oNe now have almost every policeman in the streets instructed in first aid - and. their knowl.edge of the manner in whi::h bleeding can he stopped IS alone of lI1calculable value; police doctors, who can be Insta.ntly summoned by telephone messag-e from any of the stllions; appltances for the minor st.rgical work which may be properly out on the spot at every station; and a thoroughly well appointed horse the injured to the Infirmary \\ith the mtntmum of dtscomfort. r\ccidents which are very serious for the persons concerned are happenin'" every day in Bradford, and the need for sllch provision is obvious.-Brad/ord Papn.

GRI:\ISBY CEKTRE.

To the Editor 0/ thE' GRINI3BY NEW3.

Sir,-We desire to call the attention of the public to the hct that an attempt is now being made by this Centre to establish Street Ambulance Stations in various parts of the town, where stretchers and other ::.ppliances will be in readiness to convey injured persons to their homes or the hospital. There are already a number of men in Grimsby who have been trained iIi ambulance work, and these it is proposed to orgJ.nise, so that at each ambulance station a list may be kept of trained men who may be found near such station These, we believe, will be reinforced by others to be trained dllring the coming- winter. \Ye do not think the people of Grim3by will allow the to\\'n to remain behind other t OIl'ns in this respect. and apart from accidents in the streets and \I'orks, the appliances might be concentrated to any particular poid in tbe event of any se-ious explos;on, collision, or other disaster. The working classes are the most liable to accident, and a large number of these appealed to the head offices of the _-\ssociation in London some time ago, desir;ng further progress in ambulance work in Grimsby, but they :lre by no means the only persons liable to accident. These appliances. if procured, may have to be used for anyone of us, and if not, all the better. ...\ detachment of ambulance men in uniform, is expected from the Hull Centre at the Grimsby i\Iay Hiring Fair, and the fact that several of these men are giving Lheir time on that occasion to forward the work in Grimsby, speaks much for their zeal in the cause. The Grimsby Centre has for some time past been unable to carry out its objects for want of funds, and we propose to raise a fund for the purpose of purchasing the above appliances and placing the Local Cemre on a sound basis, as well as extending its operations. The larger that fund is, the better protection we can afford the public, and as all benefit, we think that but few Iyill object to contribute to so desirable an obje c t. Contributions will be thankfully received by the various Banks, or by the hon. secretary of the Centre.

J, :\ lOl'ley Dennis, hon. 3ecretary. Y ARBORO CGH, President. :'Ilay 12th, 18g8.

[We print the above paragraphs taken from provincial papers as a sample of wbat m:lny of our t.)lI'ns are doins and attempting to do in the way of ambulance wo rk for the benefit of the public. We commend them to the notice of the Home Secretary.-Eo. ]

PRI:\'CESS CHRTS1L-\:-I .-\\"0 .\;\IBCLA\"CE \YORK.-Princess Christian \'isited the \"indsor .-'l.lbert nstitute on SatW"day afternoon, the I5t ul t., for the purpose of presenting certificates and medallions to the local am bulance classes. Her Royal Highness, I\"ho was attended by Baroness von und zu Egloffstein, Ins received in the yestibule by :\1r. T. Clarke (the l\1ayor), Mr. Alexander Hubbard (deputy "chairman) , and IVlr. G. K. Mills (secretary) of the Great " 'estern Railway, of whose ambulance centre the Princess is president, the Rev. Canon Gee, :vrr. W. Fairbank (surgeon to the Royal Household), the Rev. J. Shepheard (vicar of Eton and i\Ir. Sandby (secretary) J n the hall, after a bouquet of roses had been presented to the Princess by :VIiss \"ictoria Fairbank, second daughter of the surgeon instructor, the which .wa5 of a satisfactory character, was read. 1\1r FaIrbank s:lld the PrIncess would be gratified to know th:lt out of the seventy - seven o?ly six had failed to pass the examination for that year. Princess Chnsttan then uistributed the certificates and medallions to the recipients, who included ladies, railway officials, policemen, postmen, and firemen. 1\1r. Alexander Hubbard, in proposing a hearty and cordial vote of thanks to the Princess, stated that four or fil'e thollsand certificates had been a warded the Great Western Railw;].y classes, and about well'e hundred of these had been signed by Her Royal Highness in the course of the year.

CLASSES.

XOTICE TO SECRET ARIES.

In order to hcilitate the work of Secretaries of Classes, it has been decided to insert Notices of Classes and Lectures 011 First Aid, Nursing, and Hygiene ill this column at the rate of 4d. a line, the minimum charge to be s. per insertion prepaid.

AID

The remarks that were mad e in :his THE column last month on the neglect of HO:\lE SECRETARY'S the police to render any ambulance sen-ice on the occasion of the dreadful accident at \V estminster ba \-e been fullv justified by the official explanation giyen by the Home Secretary in'the House of Commons on the sth ult.

In his reply Lo the question put tohim by Mr. Hubbard , Sir Ridley, speaking on behalf of the police, i obliged to make the foHowing damaging admi sions (I) No first aid was rendered. (2) The inability to do so in the presence of a great and excited crow'd. (3) The patients "",ere under treatment at tht hospital in the space of four minutes. (+) The police ambulances \"ere not used for the wounded. There j, nothing said about tbe tran sport of the inj ured, bu t considering the short period that elapsed, we cannot be wrong in assuming that cabs were employed. This is an important omission on the part of the police and shou ld be noticed, for we mar be cer.tain that they would do their best to make out a good jrzmil facze :::ase in reply to the inconyenient question alluded to,

The comments \ye made last month anticipated in a great rr:easure the Home Secr etary's reply, but there a r e two P0111tS that deserye some attention. Tbe first is the ex:use for not rendering first aid, yiz., the presence of a "great and excited crowd." On examination this will be found difficult to belie\-e. It is well known tbat on occasions like that at vVe5tmin ster the police ahyays draw a cordon acro s the street, and this was done across each street leading to the scene, so that their efforts at renderin aaid could ha\-e beeJ?- interfered ,,-ith by the Irc, ,,-ere, It the fault of the police themsel \-es, and It IS no good theIr attempting to lay the blame on the crowd. The m::mbers of the St. John _--\mbulance Brigade can do their work ria-ht in the middle of crowds without any .assistance from the police. and considering that the polIce can do what they like with a London crowd, thIS excuse does not bear examination. It is probably the reason why they neyer render any first aid in the streets and entirely nullifies tbe that they are competent.

The other point that r equires a little lookina- at is the statement that the patients were under 'at the hospital within four minutes. 'IY-e can imagine the police also the Secretary taking a deal of pride in thIS aT)d putt1l1g It down as a set-off aa-ainst their l ack of first aid. It. may be smartness, and °may be a record performance for the racing track, but we can 111form the polIce and the Home :::iecretary that il is not ambulance work, and oua-ht never to be brourrht forward as a specimen. It is to think that poor mu t have been dragged out of the collapsed bLlndled into the nearest cabs, rushed off to the ?OSpllal 111 quickest possible time, and tben dumped ll1to the hospItal su rgery, And yet the Home Se cretary e\'ery reason think that the police ambulance ", as thoroughly effiClellt."

at Westminster, as shown by the adml sslO.ns of the Home Se.cretary, proves the police ambuIS not only. not effiCIent, but their method of treating Injur ed persons IS calculated to do harm La Her subjects, and ought at once to be put a stop l o

A I D. [June, 1898.

The thanks of the community at large are due to the Hon E\'elyn Hubbard for eliciting the reply from the Home Secretary, and we sincerely tl ust tbaL his efforts will not be limited to this one action

mational fire :n3r igabcs mnion.

A.t a meeting of the Central Council held on May ]8th. at Cliffords Inn Hall, Fleet Street, London, at 2.30 p.m. before commencin a the business on the agenda, the Chairman, Lieut.-Colonel introduced Captain Bleksley of Johannesburg, and proposeci that recognition of his 1york in connection with the fire se n'ice in South Africa and the T ransvaal, he should be elected an honorary life member of the C'nion. This proposition was supported by Captain Henderson and carried unanimously. The Chairman then amidst applau se presented to Captain Bleksley the insignia of an honorary life member of the Cnion. Captain Bleksley, whose rising to respond was received with further applause, expressed his deep appreciation at the honou r conferred on him. In the course of his further remarks. he said that one of the principal things he looked fonyard to " hen comin a to England, was his me eti ng "'ith his comrades in the fire service h:re, He \\'as himself but a humble member of that service, and there were many present ",:10 had doubtless had much more experience. but he yielded to none in his 10l'e [0r he fire sen-ice. In wilh his work in the Trans\'a d, be had recei"ed great assislance from the authorities in London an? al so from the ;'\ational Fire Brigades Ul1Ion ]n Joha,nne sb ur:!; they had a reat difficulty in keeping in touch lYIth the hre servIce generally, They had not the ad1'amage possessed by English firemen of being able to \'iEit the scenes of large fires, of meeting officers of other Brigades, and 'Jf inspecting- e1'ery nell' in1'ention in connection with their work. All they could do ,,'as to \nite and ask, and he had always found Captain Folker "ery courteous, and the manner in whi ch their General Secretary had assisted him would he hoped, be the subject of a communication from the Johannesburg authorities, He would o.nly add that any I3riti sh o fficers visiting J ohannesburg would recell'e a hearty welcome from his comrades in that town. It may be of interest to our .\.mbl:lance readers to know th3.t Captain Bleksley is the Chairman of the Transnal Centre of the St. John .--\mbulance ,--\ssociation and 3. member of the South ,--\frican Council. I\Te hope thn the opportunity may be taken whilst he is here of showing him something in connection 1\'ith the 1,"orking of tbe St. John Am bulance Brigade, which, as far as we ca n lea rn, has not yet de\'el oped in this part of Africa.

(tolonia[ tlnlDulance.

l\ EW SOUTH WALES.- This Centre has been active lately in promOling the 11'0rk. At a picnic of the Morts Dock and EngineeringCompany's employees, there was the innovation of an attractive ambuhnce competition which was won by the Centre's 1\'0, 1 Squad.A presentation of 39 certificates to the members of the Australian Gas Light Company 's ambulance cla ss, "was made on the qth February by ':'Ilr. George J, Cohen, the chairman, who complimented the class on its proficiency after so short a training, The monthly meeting of the executive committee of the abo\'e was held on 1st April there were pre se nt Dr. ,-andeleur Kelly (in the chair), Drs. R. E. Roth and C. W. :'I1acCarthy, :'I1eosrs, James .\ [uir and Hanbury Davies, Accounts to the amount o f £32 qs. Ild. 1"ere authorised for payment, It was resol\-ed that a pu bli c meeting, demonstration, and presentation of certificates, &c. 1;Je held at the end of the month, at which his Excellency Governor has promised to preside, Chsses are being formed at ':\e11'castle, Parramatta, and Il1 the dIfferent suburbs, -At the annual meeting and presentation of certificates in connection with the St. John A.mbulance Associa,ion, Balmain, the of the b r anch (;,liss F. _0\., Read) .was presented with a h 1.l1dsomely embellished cabinet address, in which her efforts in the ambulance cause in the district were suitably set forth, and accompanying this was a lady's writing case The :\l ayoress made the presentation, to which the recipient feelingly responded, Mr. D. Holland, on behalf of the gentlemen's class, presented Dr. P. ]. Kelly with a silver mounted walking stick; ami subsequently Dr. C. I-. Carruthers was presented by the chairman on behalf of the ladies with a beautifully embellished card case, suitably inscribed, These latter presentations were made in recognition of the deep interest both these gentlemen had shown in the instruction of the respec:ive classes.-A well attended meeting of hon, secretaries of branches of Sl. John \mbulance \. ssociation, was held at the head office, 12, lmp eri.d t\rcade, on the qth April. Present: Mr. G II. Ro b inson. Colonial Sugar Company's Corps (in the chair) ; Miss F. A. Rea.d, Balrnain ; i\1r. J. Quinn, Glebe :\lr. E1'e, Fresh Food and I ce Company; :\[r. S. Crouch, Sydney :'Ileat Preserving Company; :\'[r. ;\. E. Lee, Australian Gas Light Comp::l.I1Y :\1r. F. Johnson, Kauri Timber Company; and i\1iss A. Greenway, secretary to the ew S outh I\'ale s Centre. I L wa s proposed by Mr. Eve, and seco nded by Mr. Johnsun, tbaL a of first aid work be helu at a public meeting in the Y,:'Il.C.A. llall 011 the 2!)Lb inst.

DR.·TRDIBLE

IS 0 well known to the mem bers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade that his presence in our POl trait Galler\- will be a of great satisfClction to tbem.

Dr. Trimble was born in :"I arc 11 I 8 6. a t Castle Be-Uingham, Co. Louth, Ireland, but, like ma11\' people who ha\:e settled in that country, his al1I'f .,,,"'y cestors-c ame from the other side at the Tweed; howe\,er, 300 years' residence in the island on The part of his forefathers seems to ha\'e gi \-en to Dr, Trimble a some\yhat pronounced accent. He was educated at the Royal School. Belfast, and matriculated in the Faculty of ::\ledicine at the Oueen's Collea-e Belfa t, at the early age of sixteen. He S'tuclied at the chool of of the Collea-e of Sma-eons, Dublin, and took the diplomas of LR.c., '.I. and of R.C.S.I, in July, 76, and that of L.R.C,P. Edin" in February, 77, He also holds the diploma of Public Health, Royal Oollege of Physicians, Edinburgh. After a hort experience as a ship surgeon, Dr. Trimble began priYate practice at Bamber Bridge, near Preston, which he has continued eYer since, except in the inten'als when he has been away He holds apparently all the public appoil1tment- in the neighbourhood, such as ::\Ieclic:al Officer of Health of the Preston Rural ui trict Council, District ::\Iedical Officer and Public Vaccinator of the Preston Cnion, and Certifying Factory Surgeon.

K ot content with this private anel public profes:ional work, in June , I878! Dr. Trimble accepted a comrnission in the then 2Ist L.A.V., now the Lancashire _--\rtillery. and at present bolds the rank of Captain and Han. )Iaj or. In June next he will ha\'e completed twenty years en'ice, for which we hope that he \yill get the V. U. He has also been elected chairman of the vValton-le -Dale Grban District Oouucil, and we have no doubt will be glad to fill up his time by accepting any other post that requires a lot of \\'ork

Major Trimbl e's alTlbulance career dates from I883, when a feeling came OYer him that first aid teaching ,,'a sad ly required in his district. He especially interested himself in the Brigade branch of ambulance work, believing it to be the best and most u eful offshoot of S t. John Ambulance Association. In 189+ in conseq uenCEof his great ser\'ices he was elected Han. As ociare of the Order of St. John and in r895 was appointed Deputy Commissioner of No. + Di trict, St. J 01111 Ambulance Bri a-q.de He has been further honoured by being promoted, in Jul y, 1897, to the grade of Knight of Grace of

AI D. :298

?rder: he has then been placed on the of the ,'t. John _-\.mbulance .w ork in .the Brigade is practi::ally the hIStOl J of the dl tnct to whIch he beloDa-s. .the aboye sketch it will be that ::\Iajor TlImble IS a demon for work, no ta k beilla- too arduou and no effort being spared to make a s of \\-hateye l: he undertake - an energetic and able speaker. and capable of uSing strong language, his presence is much after meetings in the North, and to say that he 15 a fa\'ounte WIth the whole of the tit. John Ambulance is to expre s the enthu Ia 111 With whIch he IS recelyed at all its meetina-s He makes friends whereyer he <Toes-in fact he help it-and it is thi po\yer of attraction' that makes him t'uch a charming personality, The world ,,-auld be much if it contained more -such good comrades and good trIends of the stamp of Charles J. Trimble.

'[be \J)olu ntcer B1l1bulance School of 3nBtrllction.

Official In spection 3.nd Examination of the present class of bearers took place on I\'ednesday, the +th uk, at lhe Queen s \I estmll1ster head-quarters. J :1mes St reet, S. \V "hen a lar?,e of office.rs , non -comll1i sioned officers and men, representatt\'es ot the home dIstrict, " 'em through :1 se:1rching orde::Il at the lund3 of Surgeon-:\lajor E. :'II. 'Yil son. C.:'Il.G., ,-\rmy }ledical and Surgeon-Lleut. R, :\1. Cooper, Grenadier Guard. L-\fter the 111 line, the class \\'as taken through the stretcher and h1.nd seat drIll and then each member had a vi\'a " oce examinalion in first aid. .-\t conclusion Surg-eon-:'IIaj or \\'ilson addressed the men and expressed hImself yery pleased with the excellent mallner in which the had been done throughout, he then presented tbe prizes to those mat \ye r: successful at :he prize compet iti on during the pre\'iou5 week toe London Scotttsh R.I. won the Hamt!ton Challenge Bowl and 1vIll hold the same until the next competition. In the unayoidable aLsence of Brigad e-Surgeon Lieut.-C olonel P. B. Giles, Senior :'Iledicd Officer Instructor, Surgeon-Cap:ain R. R. Sleman was in command.

$1. 30bn Bnlblllatlce

THE CO:\IPETITTO\,S FOR THE RAIUL\ Y A::'>D DE\\'.-\R SHIELDS.-

The final stage of the second Annual Competitions for these t1YO trophies, lOok place at the Portman Rooms before a. large and appreciati\'e audience on Thursday, :\[:1)" 12th, For the RaihYaY Shield, the followil,lg- team_s had been selected by the Judges in the preliminary stages: Great ::\onh e1l1 Railway. Great Eastern Raihl-ay, Great \I-e stern Railway, :'\o nh Eastern Railway, and the Li\'erpool Orerhead Railway. Th e Judge s in the final were Drs. Cantlie and Collingridge. The cOI!lpetitions which was a yer)' keen one throughout, resulted in the Great E1.5te:n Railway again securing the Shield, whilst the Great ::\ orthern Railway was second, the ::\orth Eastern Railway third, the Great We s ern Railway fourth. :1nd the Li\'erpool O\'erhead Railway fifth. The members of the teams representing the London &. i'\onh 'Yestern and London, Chatham and Dover Railways also recei1'ed Badges ot :\I erit. In the Competition for the L De\lar" Shield, which \\'as open to one team from each District of the t. John .\.mbulance Brigade, the following teams com peted: East If am, rep: esenting :'\0. District (:Hetropolitan), IYestg:He,on-Sea, representing ::\0. :2 Di strict (Southern and \Ye 3tern), \I-eUingborough, ::\0, 3 District (Eastern and C entral) and Preston, representing ::\0. + District :'\onh'lYestern). ::\0.5 District was not repre-entea. It had alsu been arranged that the second team in this conpetition should secure the .< Eccles" Cup. The Judges were Surg-eon-Capt. Rawnsley, ,-\.:11 and Surgeon-Capt. Harper. \'.:\l.S.C The result of the Competition waS:1S follO\ys :\\'ellingborough Corps took first place and was awarded the" Dewar" Shield, which they will hold for tweh'e months, each member also recei\'ing a handsome canteen fitted wilh kni\'es. forks and spoons; East Ham, who came in secollu, secured the Eccles" Cup, and five sets of handsome can'ers; Preston, "ho came third, was a"'arded fi\'e strikina cl2cks, and '\'estgate, who were fouth, received five electro plated cruels Lady Knutsford. who presented the prizes, was received on arri\'al bv the Director, Lord Knm sford the '-ice -Chairman, Sir \ -incent Ke;nett Barrington, and the ChIef Secletary, Colonel SIr IIerbert C. Bart., and ';;as presented with a handsome bouquet by :\[iss Gluver. lIer Ladyship in making the \'arious presentations, said a. [e1Y kind worus for each competito anu al the conclusion, a

CnAl'tLES J • TRmBLE, ESQ., L.R.O.,· .1., L.R.O P EDIX., DEPUTY ST. J OlE A:\IBCLAXCE BRIG.lDE, "MAJOR ;)TII LAXC'ASIIIRE VOL UXTEER ARTILLERY.

FIR.ST

'('n' hf a ty yote of thanks was proposed to her by Sir Darring-tor., who incidentally referred to his work among the RaIlway when i'n Venezuela. Colonel Sir :Edward Thackeray seconded the Yote The Yote "as carried by acclamation and on rising to repl):, Lord Knutsford, who occupied the chair, was accor?ed which fully testified to his popularity and to the esteem III which he IS held by all loyers of ambulance work. In thanJ.:ing the and audience generally, his Lordship congratulated the mnmng team III connection with the Railway Competition and referred to the fact that a fe\\, months since, when at the Liverpool Street Station of the Great Eastern Railway, one of the officials pointed out the SbIeld and remarked that it was their intention to hold the sbield for another year. His Lordship responded with the remark. "if you do. you.will to fight yery bard for it." Both of us continued his was TIght, the Great Eastern Railway haye once more secured .It, and as. 1 prophesied, tbey have had a good fight in order to maintam the prerI11er position. ""ith regard to the" Dewar" Shield, the Brigade Comp(:tition, his Lordship was glad to see that III this contest had also heen a good fight, the winning team securing it by three pomts only. He the WeUingborough team and he trusted that losing teams in both competitions would not be disheartened by their want of success on tbis occasion, but would steadily pen,evere and aga III make n. good fight on another occasion. The Wellingboro.ugh Team "\\ere accorded a reception on their return home" at the Railway Slation by .\[r. J. H. \Voolston, AssIstant CommiSSIoner, :\0. 3 District. and several of the leading gentlemen of the town accompanied I:-y a band, which played them to the Ambulance QUHlers, "II here a iew speeches \rere made and the winning team haVing been auly toasted, the proceedings terII?inated. -\ CO;lIPLJ:lIE:\TAHY was g1\-en on Saturday eyenmg, May 12th, at the Restaurant Frascati, to Sir Edward Talbot Thackeray, K.C.B., V.C., Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance officers. The chair was occupied by Col. Bowdler,Deputy CommISSIoner, :\0. I District, who was supported by Brigade Surgeon Lieut.-Col. EI:iston, '-.D., Deputy Commissioner NO.3 District, .\.fajor Trimble, Deputy Commissioner + District, Milnes Hey, Esq., Deputy Commissioner :\0.2 District, :'Ilajor Malet, Walter Rowley, Esq Brigade Chief Superintendent Cburch Brasier, Assistant Commissioner Woolston, Assistant Commissioner Donald ivlackenzie, Chief Superintendent \V. H. Morgan and many :\Ietropolitan and Provincial officers and Kursing Sisters of the Brigade. After the usual loyal toasts the chairman proposed the oa st of the evening, and in tbe course of his remarks laid emphasis on Ihe fact how the Commissioner bad endeared himself to all ranks by his kindly and courteous treatment of all with whom he had come in contact. Major Trimble, who also spoke, stated that in the provinces they were unanimous in tbe feeling that Sir Edward's continuance in office at the present time was necessa ry for the continued success of the movement. Sir Edward Thackeray, whose rising was the signal for an outburst of applause, which fully testified 10 the feelina of affection in which he is held by the Corps which he has commanded S.) well during bis tmure of office, gaye a trief outline of the way in whtch t.he movement had gro\\'n and, in referring to his approaching resignation, stated tbat as a member of tbe Central Executive Corr.mittee he to look after ofthe Brigade. Other toasls, mterspersed WIth songs and recItatIons followed

:'I1ETROPOLlTAN CORPS.

Tbe Head Quarter Corps on Sunday, May IS th, paraded at St. John's Gate at 9.30, and marched to the Cburch ofSt.Clement Danes Strand. A spirited and appropriate sermon was preached by the the Rev. B. Pennington, who referred to the splendid work done by the Corps at the rtcent Jubilee, as al50 up on other oc(asions. Colonel Bowdler, Commissioner, No. District, was in commar.d, and other DIStTlCt Officers present on parade were Assistant Commissioner F. D. ;\[ackenzie, Chief SupeTlntendent :'I101'O'an Secretary Superintendent "-inny, Superintendent Treasurer Edwa;ds. Lord Knutsford, as representing the Order of St. John, was present at tbe Church, as also was the Commissioner of the Brigade, Colonel Sir E?ward Thac.keray, V C., Major.Trimble, DeIJuty Commissioner :\0. 4 DIstrict, BrIgade ChIef Superintendent Church Brasier and Superintenden t Trimmer. meeting of the of this di"ision was lately held at the "\ Ictona Hall, Dr. Stlven III tbe chaIr. There were also present Paull, i\1essrs. A. Fillmore, W. T. Ball, F. H. Yates, C; R KITkpatnck, C. C. E. G. Tremlet t, B. D. Budd, F. H. \\atklI1s and others. Dr. StIven stated that this meetina had been called for the 'purpose. ?f. the advisability ot'" forming a section or dl\'lslOn III the Harrow district, and Supt. Paull explallled that tbe members could either appoint an officer fr om Harrow to ar:t as first officer under him for the whole diVIsion (\Yembley, !"1arlesden and Harrow), or they could form a separate division with Its own officers bngade member; for Harrow. Tbe question was put to the ar.d the \'oting was unanimously in favour of a separate dlvlslom. Dr. Stiven saiJ that as it wa.s settled there was to be a separate division in the district it woctlcl be nece ssa ry to appomt a hon. surgeon, supen ntendent, bon. serretary, hon. treasurer,

un e, J 898,

and a committee of five. The following gentlemen were elected: h on. surgeon, Dr. Stiven superintendent, Mr. \ 'Y. T. Ball hon. secretary, Mr. F. H. Watkins hon. treasurer, Mr. A. Fillmore committee Messrs. C. R. Kirkpatri ck , C. C. Dean, B. D. Budd, T. West and A. Janes. A question was asked as to what the duties of a member were, and the standing odrers were read over by Sup!. Paull, who ;tdvised the committee to co n sider the formation of a ladies' nursing section as as possible. A Yote of thanks was proposed by'\1r. T. 'Ve st to Supt. Paull for the kindness he hJd shown to the men from Harrow, who had been under him for tbe last twelve months. It was seconded by '\1r. B. D. Budd and carried. A yote of thanks was also passed to Dr. Stiven.

PRO\-[XCIAL CORPS.

monthly meeting- was held :m 2nd May at the Chief Fire Station, l\lr A. R. Tozer presiding, There were 175 C<1.ses of first aid reported for the past month. Delegates were elected to attend the annual conference, to be held at Blackpool, on June 17th. The date of the demonstration at Solihull was altered from May qth to June I. Donations for the purpose of purchasi ng prizes "'ere announced from Messrs. G. Cadbury, R. C::tdbury, Hickman-Hn.wkins, F. G. Gardiner, and C. Wbateley BOUGHTOK.-The second annual dinner of the members of the Boughton Division of tbe St. Jobn Ambulance Brigade was held on :.\I ondayevening. 30th April, at the Old }lission Rootrl. T:Ie chair was taken by Dr. Scatchard, who was supported by the Rev. A. A. .l\ewp ort, while M essrs. T. C. Gray and A. P. Sherwood occupied tbe vice-chairs. During the eyening several toasts were drunk. 1\1r. A. P. Sherwood gave" Success to the Boughton Division," on whose behalf l\Ir. X ewport responded. In acknowledging the toast of his heal th the cbairman paid a bigh tribute of praise to the division, saying that he did not belieye there was a corps in England that could beat Boughton for efficiency and knowledge.

COLNE.-A tea party and social was held under the auspices of the Colne Centre of the St John Ambulance Nursing Division, in the Cooperati\'e Hall, Church Street. His Worship the Mayor (Councillor C. Kn ight) presided at the after proceedin gs. In h is opening speech he Slid that it gave him great pleasure to preside over that meeting, for the ambulance moyement was a noble institution which had for its aim the relief of the pain of those who hn.d the misfortune to need their sympathy and help. He was more in favour of a Nurse's Institution than the establishment of a bospital, b ut both these institutions were badly wanted in Colne. It made his heart bleed to see the amount of suffering there was amongst the poor. IIe heard that in Em'by, two ladies visited the sick in the village, and the sufferers regarded them as mil,istering angels. He hoped that 1;)efore long they would have a. 1\ ursing Home as well as a Hospital in Colne. The chairn:an then called upon !\1rs. Dickey to present their certificates to the successful canuidates in the recent examination.

CRAvEN.-The adjourned general meeting of the town's corps was held in the Skn.ting Rink recently, l\lr. J. W. presiding. The following gentlemen were elected officers :-President, '\Ir. A. H. Dawes; Vice-Presidents. cdr. T. Fattorir.i, Mr. R. Johnstone, WIr. F. \Y. Thornton, l\1r. R. Wilson, lr. T. Edmondson, Mr. G. H. ilIason, and l\Ir. Laws on. l\Jr. T. Hicks wrs elected superintendent i :'IIr H. Bentley, 1st officer; Mr. H. :\1artin, 2nd officer; 1\11'. F. Durham, 3rd officer and Mr. R. H. Thompson, inspector of litores. Mr. H. Hargreaves and 11r. J. C. Addyman were elened joint secretaries. The following members were appointed to form a committee; Messrs J. H Moorhouse, H. Thornton, B. Platt, J. E. Wilson, Houldsworth, H Hodgson, Drummond, T. Bellamy, n.nd W H. H artley. ML T. Robinson was re-electect hon. treasurer. Dr. Readman was alsore-elected hon. surgeon, and accorded hearty thanks for past services. The thanks of the members were also giyen to the retiring officers for their past services. The meeting endec with a hearty vote of thanks to the cbairman

GATESHEAD FELL.-The annual conceIt of this division took place on Thursday, 28th April, at the Natronal School-room, Low Fe]], the Mayor of Gateshead (:.'111'. Councillor Clough) presiding. An excellent programme of music and recitations was rendered by the following ladies and gentlemen :-Mrs. Robson, Miss Relph, i\[r. J. S. F orster, Mr. R. W. Morpeth, Mr. J. DellolV, [\Ir. R. Dellow, and 11r. and l\Irs. Robinson; l\fiss Smith kindly officiating as accompani"t, and giving two piano solos. The instrument lIsed on this occas on was lent by Mr. Wardill, W est Street, Gateshead. During the interval the Mayoress presented th.: certificates and medallions by the stude nts. At the reque st of Mr. J Adolphus Harrison, Superintendent of the Gateshead Fell Division of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, the Mayoress presented to the winners of the lecent competition, the prizps offered by Mrs. Harris o n for the bes team of four men, Mrs. Harri son explaining that though the competition took place so o ng ago as September last, the presentation of the prizes was deferred unti Mr. E Wilson, the leader o[ the winning team, had qua li fied for his medallion. The prizes were :-Mess rs. Wilso n and Borgheest, silv er medallions; and Messrs. M. Pearson and J G. IIope, silve r mounted

June, 1898.J

FIRST

walking sticks. '\1r. Harrison then asked the Mayoress to make another presentation, he said that the non-commissioned officers were declared to be the back bone of the British Army, and the same beld g ood of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and that if every superintendent was as well backed up as he was by the supernumerary officers (anything, he said, but supernumerary to him) e\'ery diyision would be in a very flourishing state. Foremost among the non-coms. oi this division was 1\1r. L. Dobinson, the secretary, who worked heart and soul [or the benefit of the division, doing an immense amount of hard work for a corps which had no large mine or factory at its back. He tberefore had to ask the l\layoress to pre sent to Mr. Dobinsol1 a gold medallion as a token of the esteem in which that gentleman was held by all the members of the division, and of their appreciation of the hard and persevering work he had done for the good of that body. Mr. DJbinson in reply said that he was taken quite by surprise, as the secret had been wel! kept, and that until Mr. Harrison mentioned his name he had no idea that any such scheme \\as afoot. He acknowledged that :'IIr. Harrison had paid him off in bis own coin, as he was the mover of a similar surprise on the superintendent some three years ago. He admitted that he had "worked hard for the division but it was for the loye of the cause, and their kind appreciation of it, as showed by their presentation that night, would encourage bim in further exertion for the good of the bl·igade Th e Mayor tben asked Mr. Davis, the surgeon instructor of the division and lecturer for the classes, to accept, on behalf of the mem bers of the classes, a hand camera, as a mark of their appreciation of the manner in wbich he had instructed them. Hi s worship sa id that in his enthusiasm for ambulance work i\f1'. Dn.vis had instructed two classes in Gatesbead Fell, one at Sheriff Hill (High Fell) on the Thur sday, the lecture on the following Tuesday at Low Fell. On receiving the camera from the hands of the Ma.>:oress, Mr Davis thanked the classes for their present, alld Spoke senously and enrnestly on the importance of ambulan:Je work to all. Mr. son moved a vote of thanks to the and 1Iayoress for theIr attendance and assistance in s u ch inclement weather, and also to the friends who had come forward to help with music and recitations, and to the firm who had so kindly lent the piano. Speaking of those who ought to go through an amb u lance course, he said it ought to be compulsory on n.ll verg-ers., chape l keepers, and door at .all places of public resort, and also on a ll school teachers ;. l11stancmg. cases where the sufferer had been attended by fellow-worshIppers, and m one instan ce by a school boy, whilst those who ought to baye rendered fir.st aid stood by suggesting inappropriate treatment. The .\In.y or m responding said that since he took office tbe .\layoress had four made public presenta tions, and three of them were certlfi;ates n.nd medallions to ambulance men: to the Gateshead poltce, the ::'Iorth Eastern Railway men, and now to the Gateshead Fell classes He was glad to tell the a udience that 80 per cent. of the Borough polIce force were trained in ambulance work under the St. John _\.mbulance ASSOCI" ation, and that, in his opinion, the possession of a St. J ohn Ambulance certificn.te should be a condition of empLOyment. As the and 1\layoress were the whole o f the members of the dIVISIon \\bo were present, sprang to their feet at the word of command and took farewell of the municipal party by a general salute. As the. Mayor and Mayoress were obliged to leave early, the con:-ert was. fiDlshed under the presidency of the Rev. A. H. Patterson, Vicar of St. Helens, Low Fell, hon. chaplain to the division. The concert. l\'as somewhat prolonged by the introduction of an ambulance dlsplay- :.\1e ssrs. John S cott and J. Brown, from the Sheriff Hill class, a.nd Messrs R. Crearar and P. Smith, from Low Fell, all first yen.r men, doing yery neatly a series of bandaging under the of 1\11'. pavis. Four members of the dIVISIon, Messrs J. Hutt, J. h.lrk E. \\ Ilson, and 1\1. Pearson, under M r. Dobinson, the secretary, ga ve an illustr.ation of moving a man with a broken thig-h, unde: the rules of the" Bngn.de Drill Manual,".and very smart, yet.wlthal, accurate and treatment of theIr patIent, was much admIred by the audIence ;:'IIotwithstandin a that the weather was extremely wet and unpleamnt, there was a attendance, and it is hoped that a.s the concert was for the benefit of the di \'ision, a good add iti on will be to tbelr stock of ambulance requisites.-The Division has Stlstamed a senous loss by the death of the Re\,. J. W. iIooper, Rector of Gateshead Fdl, which took placp. on tl:e 6th ult. at the age of 70. '\[r. Hooper has ever been a warm supporter of the ambulance cause, and on e\'ery Hospital Sunday since the present series of classes were .commenced, when preaching for the loca l medical has not. faded to command a co urse of ambulance training to hiS congregatIOn. Alt? ough age and bodily infirmity prevented him tak ing. an .active part. m the movement, he was present at ne arly every meetlng Jl1 the Fell 111 connection with it, and by presence and word encouraged.the movement as far as it lay in his power watchir.g a.ls o great ll1te:est last year the drills and inspections of the local diVISIons of the Bngade. After drill on the 9th ult. the m embers of the sent a vote of. conde:lence to l\lrs. Hooper and the family of the lute rector lD theIr bereavement.

HULL.-The members ot the Nursing Division hel.d their Concert i n aid of the funds on T hursday, 2 1st April,. m St. s Hall which took the form of a Cafe C h a n tant), to prOVide more m"tenal

AID. 295

for nursing the sick poor. Colonel Pudsey, V.D. (Chairman of the Hull Centre, St: John Ambulance Association) presided. and was supported by CounCIllor Dr. Holden, Dr. J. L. \Y aters, Chief Superintendent Hopper, Lady Officers of the Division anci others. An excellent programme was provided, the pianoforte solos by the :'IIisses La\-erack and Smooth)" the songs by \Iiss Hare, :\1 iss \Yltty and :\Iiss:'li. D. Blacksha w and Roberts. recitations by Miss D. Holder, and n. vlOhn solo by :\liss Elliott being well received. \1r. Manston proyided the comical element and caused much merriment. Refreshments were provided and at 9 o'clock, the gentlemen were allowed to smoke. The Chairman in referring to the noble work the Ladies have undertaken, 'in nursing the sick poor, said they had received many excellent testimonies from the medical gentlemen and many tbanks from the patients. He hoped such good work woul-l receive more liberal support than hitherto. Se\'eral gentlemen bave already sent in dJnations, for which tbe ladies are very thankful. Colonel Pudsey proposed a bearty Yote of thanks to those ladies and gentlemen who helped to make the entertainment a success, which was seconded by Superintendent Secretary Krause. Councillor Dr. Holder proposed a hearty yote o[ tha nks to Colonel Pudse), for presiding. which was c::rried by acclamation, and the singing of "God Sa\'e the Queen" ended a most enjoyable e\'ening.

LEEDs.- The St. John Ambulance Association in announcing the fact that the Chief Constable of Leeds F. T. \Y ebb) has been made an honorary associate of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, state that when 1\1r. "-ebb came to Leed s eight years ago only 23 members of the force had received instruction in "first aid." 5 superintendents, 9 inspectors, 36 sergeants, and 33 [ consra bles, ha \"e attended classes held in connection with the Leeds Centre of tbe St. John Ambulance Association, makino- a totn.l of 38 r members of the force who bold certificates of proficiency for" first aid to the injured." In addition to this. 34 sat for examination on Thur sday last for first certificates, +1 for first re -examination, and q for medallions, whilst there are only + 7 men in the force, Some 381 men now possess certificates OF JUBlLEE :'I1EDALs - After the ceremony of opening the new pier at the Mumbles had been performed on loth '\hy, Lady Jenkins \ ery kindly undertook to presen.t to the members of the Mumbles branch of the St. John Ambulance Bngade the medals which her Majesty the Queen has presented to them in recognition of the services performed in London on Jubilee. Day. "1 he recipients of these medals were Dr. Lloyd Jones, who was 111 charge of the detachment, and Privates Davies, John Gro\'e, Robert. Jones and Edward Presdee. Sir John Jones Jenkins, in introducing ;he recipients to her Ladyship, and addressing the crowd, said they were from the u sual course in so doing, but he was glad of opportul11ty of seeing the Mumbles detachment being honoured. one of the best contingents of the Brigade that dId dUtY 111 London on Jubilee Day, and it was in consequence of. the sen:lces rendered to a very large numbel of people th.at her i\1aJ.esty deCIded specially to recognise the Brig-ade b.y .grantlll.g a speCial medal to commemorate the occasion. The rec !plents I11lght well feel proud of tbat decoration, and highly congratulated Dr. Lloyd Jones on the state of efficiency to which by earnest \york he had brought the Her ladyship then pinned the medals upon he breasts of the reCIpIents, and Dr. Ll oyd Jones briefly returned thanks.

SOUTHPORT.-ROYAL \-JslT-THE BRIGADE DUTy-In response to a suggestion from his \yorship the Mayor. a number of the members of St. John Ambulance Bngade \Vereon dut,Y 111 the streets throughou the day. For the purpose tem porary hospl tals the cab shelters in the principal thorougbfHes, Includ111.g Lord-street, Eastbank-street, and London-street, were fitted up with the usu:tl paraphernalia of the Brigade. The ;rrangements were carned out under the supen'ision of Mr. J. E. \\ Illett, secretary of the SOUthpOlt Centre of St. John Ambula.nce Association. There we.re present on parade at Holy Trinity Schools :\0. r Division (H?ly port, under Chief-officer Tattersall, the strength bell1g 13 men, \\ h tie .• Division (All Sn.ints·) mustered five men. Fron: a of 16 men arrived by train, the camage by road. :'IIaj or Trimble, deputy commlsslOne.r for the dlstllct inspected the brigade After the inspectIon the bngade n-:en marched off to their re"pecti ve stations. The hor.se am bulance Londonsq lIare, and duri ng the revie\\' were statIOned O.n the shOl e. !he n u: ses in were Miss Howard. lady

Miss "Wbitehead Snowdon and MISS Shaw, and che} \'ele staLioned at the' Life-boat House and at London-square. A tea was pro\-ided for the brigade in Holy Trinity Schools .at p:m. The l'reston detachment were under tne command of ChIef .SupeTilltendent Veve!"s and the other officers were Superinsendents Dlckll1son, Harrison officers F orshaw, Plumber, h.ell}' the hon. Surgeon, DI. Sharples' n.nd Harrison of the cycle !\ tea aiven at '5.3 0 p.m. to the members of the brigade, an? InDaddltlOn. t resellt the Rev. Dr. Porter, the R ev. E. R. evereux! J E \Yillett 'md Willett. At the conclusion Major Dr.1n.mbje s'atisiaction at the excellent way the of the d nurses had discharged duties. Dr. PrJrter l\ ma e a ell

FIRST

complimentary remarks, and the proceedings terminated with a heany vote of thanks to Mr. Willett for supervising the :trrangeme nts so well. Fortunateiy the members of the Corps whicl: were in diYisi?ns at various parts of the town, had no to deal wIth. A considerable number of cases df fall1tlllg and also one or two of epilepsy were treated by the men and nursing and i.n one or two instances the patients had to be removed to theIr homes In the ambulance wao-on. Some half dozen lost chilliren were taken to the Policestation, but they were all claimed during the day. The brigade discharo-ed its duties most efficiently, and Major Dr. Trimble. Deputy Commissioner of the district, expressed hi nEelf highly sa tisfied with its work. the last few days an interesting booklet has made it s ap pearance in the I¥ ellingborough district reg nding the \\'ork of the Ambulance Corps of that town and its divisions, the publi cat ion beino- rendered particularly attractive from the fact that it is interleaved with photographic pictures. In their report the Executive Committee lay before subscribers and the pu blic generally a brief record of the \York accomplished in \Velling-borough and the neighbourhood during the past fi\'e years, with view of raising an annual sum suf[;cient to meet the expenses whlcb naturally accrue to a "'ork of such magnitude. The following places are included in the sphere of influence of the \Velling borough centre :-H igham Feners, Rushden, Ringstead, Finedon, Irthlingborough, " -ollaston. Bozelt. Harro\\"den, "-ilby, and Irchester. In these places, thanks to the very keen interest taken iu the mOl'ement by the hon. medi cal staff, the principles of rendering first aid to the injured haye been successfully taught to no less than 655 men and 295 women, while 53 men and 98 women haye passed an examination ill home nursing and hygiene. In order tha t the knowledge thus gained may be kept up and put to its best and proper use, the smartest of the students alter passing their examination. are drafted into the \Y ellingborough Corp s and its di"isions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. During the last five years no less than 6.j.6 cases have been attended by the Wellingboroug-h men, in addition to probably a iarge number of smaller cases. such as cuts, sprains bruises, which ha\'e not been thought of sufficient importance to report in the ordinary way. These 6+6 cases represent almost eyery conceivable form of accident. It may be mentioned that the horse ambulance is only used in the most serious accident and medical cases, aLd that during the last fi"e years it has turned out to 136 such cases, and co\'erea a of no less than 2,785 miles. The rapid increase in the population of Wellicgborough, and the de\'elopment of yarious industries in our midst, unfortunately means als') an increase in the number of accidents and medical treatments and medical transport that have to be dealt with. If this increased work is to be success[ully maintained, and a free transport and first aid offered to sick and injured poor, it w!ll be to raise the sum of £100 per Th e whole ot the work lS voluntary. n o n.politic a l, un sectan.an, and for good of .The officers. and men give freely of theIr very best Jl1 the ameitoratlOn of sufferIllg and sorrow. The committee, lherefore, appeal with confidence to a generous public for the necessary me l11S to carryon thIS great and use ful work.

WELLI:-rGB01WUGH.-The ne"s of the \\'ellinoborouo-h team's brilliant victory in London, on M.ay, reached the to\\'n about 6.30, and spreadll1g rapIdly, caused the o-reatest enthusiasm amongst the members and sympathisers of the Centre. The successflll team returned home by the mail train (ro.16). and were mer at the :\lidland Station by the Wellingborough Town Silver Band, the ambulance. wagon, members of the Ambulance Corps. and a large and enthuslilStiC body of supporters of the ambulance movement. A torch-light procession was [ormeri, and, amid cheers marched to the Ambulance Station in Church Street. The winning'team sat on the ambulance wagon, and Sergeant Francis carried the handsome and valuable shield. The Ambulance Station was filled to its utmoct capacity with ambulance men and supporters, .and congratulatoI;' speeches were the order of the evel1lng. As s lsta:1t-Commi5sioner

T. H. Woolston, Dr. W. E. Audland, Mr. Peter James (Chairman of the y,ban Council), .Dr. W. W Clark, and Paul Dulley gave add.lesses the. \V ellll1gborough Corps on their splendid achIevement agaInst the pIck of the coun try The proceedino-s were of a barmoniuus and pleasing character, and the vIctory was also most favourably commented upon in the town.

flDaibstonc {fDebical Staff <torps.

PRIZE DISTRIBUTION.

The annual in conne ct ion with the i\1aidstone \ olunteer :\Iedlcal Staff Corps took pla ce in the Old Palace on Wednesday evenll1g, 4th i\hy ::'urgeon·Captain C. Pye Oliver presided supported by Surgeon-LIeutenant Colonel O Brien (the Dep ot)' Saveall and r. Gilbert (late Q.:\l.S.).- The Chair: man, III revle\\,ll1g the work of :he past year, said they had an unusually.good record. At the annual Inspection in June, there were IIS on l arade out of 37, an.d he had the authority o[ Colon o Bnen f?r sayll1g that lIlspectlllg ofucer was very favourably impressed WIth the manner rn whIch they did their work, especially the

AID.

LJune, 1898.

transport sect ion. In June they had the hon o ur of attending Her Majesty's Diamond Jubilee celebration in London. There were 86 of them present on t hal occasion, and they had a good position at the corner of Parliament Street. where the on ly great ru sh occurred. Although there ,,, ere no serious accidents the corps atter-d(d to IS0 persons, most of whom had fainted from the heal. Theirs was the strongest Volunleer Medical Staff Corps present. At the annual camp-out in August the number present was a record one, there being 109 against 9+ in the previous year, and the whole proceedings were very enjoyable. The Chairman then went on to eulog-ise the Corps for the help they rendered to the typhoid patients during the ep idemic and thanked them heartily for their devot ion to that work. He also wished to thank the .p private individuals who them. Thoug-h they bad received no reward he had beard many people speak in glowing terms of their work, while it had also been praised from the pulpit. It had done the corps a great amount of good, and it proved that they were ready at any time to help their fellow townsmen in case of need. One of the Relief Kitchens hall been carr ied on by members of the corps under the able superintendence of Sergt.-i\lajor FOlder. Speaking of the stre ngth of the corps, the Chairman sa id the returns for the year showed it to be full, ,,,itb the exception of two officers. The !lumber of efficients was u8 against 123, and young men were still waiting to join for the tra n sport section; :]6 out of 37 non· commissioned officers and drivers were fully trained and competent to rid!:: and drive a pair of horses. For this thanks were due to Lieut. and 0.:\1. Sa\'eall and (he non-commissioned officers. Dr. Oliver also called attention to the band, a nd said that even members of that body were proficient in first-aid work. The inspecting officer's and other reports showed that the Company \\"a s well tmined and in an efficient state. The Chairman next called attention to the small space they now had for their lectures and drills, and said t'lat a p;ece of ground in College Road had been bought, on which they could erect a comm:Jdious drill111.ll for abo lit £3,000. He trusted that the project wou ld be well supported. - Colonel CJ'Brien then distributed the prizes.

'tbeir <tl)ilbren, anb Uibblcs' \J)i:;:<tocoa. IDr.

Ko matter whether physical or mental labour is meant, or if, as is too often .the case in these days.of fierce "trugg le for eXIstence, an excess of eIther has to be accomplrshed, Dr. Tibbles' ViCocoa will pro\'e of ll1estimable service. The jadedness and tiredness which characterises thousands of young men and 1V0men of the present d::ty too often resolvps ilselfinto a question of diet. Children and young persons do not require so much f -::od as nourishment, and a partially digested Food Beverage, such as Dr. Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa, gives strength, stamll1a, and buIlds up and strengthens the tissues. Tbe disin clination for further effort and exertion so often experienced will become a thinoof the past; and heat in summer, and cold in winter, and all the bleak uncertainties of our trying climate can be faced with Dr. Tibbles' ViCo coa, which has concel1lrated powers of nutriment, and imparts stamll1U and powers, adds to powers of endurance, and enables those who use It to underg-o greater physical exertion flnd fatio-ue.

The Bn"tish Jledical Journal says : _" Vi-Cocoa is axer/" palatable beverage of great stimulating and sustaining properties." The Lancet says :-" Vi-Coc0a is in the front rank 0f really valuable foods." \Ve say that for breakfast and supper there is nothing to equal Dr. Tibbles' \ 'i-Cocoa ; and the following is a very small portion of what the trade say in the leading University centres, being an extract from the Cfll7lbric(l{f Independent Press."

Tbe reporter writes :-" Mr. Carley, wh ose sbop is beneath the shadow o'f Magdalen College, says the people speak well o[Dr. Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa. l1e had a c u stomer only hst Saturday who spoke wonderfully in praise of l.L. bad 'lnd. trebled. The University men ask for It, ar.d It IS clear tbat It has hit the public taste. Again Messrs. Hattersley Brother;;, of Trinity Street, are known as high-class grocers who do a large Unl\ 'e rslty trade. They state that last term there were so many inquiries by undergraduates for Vi-Cocoa that they were bound to get a stock of it, and they have provided for a large sale this term, for whIch they find a large demand. Many 'Varsity men co me to the shop and ask for it."

All of which confirm the statements of this \Vonder f ul Food Beverao-e ap?earing [rom time to time in Fit'st Ald.

Merit, and merit alone, is what we claim [or Dr. Ti bb les Vi-Cocoa, and we a.re prepared to .to any reader who names Rrst Aida dainty saml?le tl11 of Dr. free and post paId. There IS no ma.glc In all thIS. I IS a plaIn, honest, offer. It is done to Il1troduce the merits o[ Vi-Cocoa into every home. Dr. Tibbles ViCocoa as a form of and vitality, is invaluable; nay, more than thIS, [or all who v>'I s h to bce the strife and battle of life with greater endurance anll more sustained exertion, it is absolutely Il1dl spensable.

Dr. Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa, 6d., 9d., I S. 6el. Can be obtained from all Chemists, Grocers a nd Stores, or from Dr. Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa Limited DO, 61 and 62, Bunhill Row, London, E.C. "

PiCTURE It