First Aid Journal July 1920-June 1922

INDEX.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR :-

Ambulance Exams. on Stricter Lines, 168, 200

Button Suggestion, A, 199

Button Hole Badge, The, 125

Brigade Button Hole Badge, 7e

Brigade Badges, The, 128

Competition Prizes, 200

Contents of Regulation Pouch, 200

Errors of Text Book, 199

Final Competition, 200

Golden Rules in Competition, 131

Hnme Service Medal, 77

Index the Text Book, 108

Lack of Interest in the Brigade, 109

Meaning of the Badge, The, 94, 109

Medal for Home Service, A, 108, 77, 94, 199

Multiple Rescues from Drowning, ro2

INDEX.

A Aeroplane Ambulances, I60 Ambulance Badge Scrolls, Our, I32 Ambulance Convoy Work, 43

American Red Cross First Aid InstructJOn, 12, 27 An Ambulance Recitation, 92 "Argenta" Ambulance Cup 75 " Argenta" Cup CompetltJOn, 60 B

BREVITIES, ro, 24, 40, 57,74,88, ro4, 121, 139, 153,173, 191 Brigade Overseas, 29

Brigade Conferences, Competitions, l6S District Conferences, 65 Funds, 165 Future of the V.A.D's, 17 Medal for Home Service, A, 49 On Advertising, 81 Prog-ress, T29 Report of the Royal Naval AUXIliary SIck Berth I 3 Standardisation of Ambulance EqUIpment. 33 East Anglian Competition, 191

Eisteddfod Ambulance CompetItIons, The, 23 Emergency Suggestions, 25

Narrow Escape, A, 179, 199

O.B.E. for Ambulance Men? ro

Simplified Text-Book, A, 125 Stung? by a Snake, 199

Suggestions for CompetItIOns, 168, 200

Teaching Real FIrst AId, 132, 148, 124 London Street 43

Memorandum Regarding Pattern of R.A.F. Nursing Service

Badges, 19

Mine Rescue Apparatus, 42

New Ccnditions of Enrolment in the R.N .A.S.R., II6

Overseas Service Medals, 9I

Bandage for Fractured Femur, 202 Carbolic Acid Poisoning, 13, 46

Classification of Poisons, 16I, 201

Complicated Fracture of Thigh, 161 " " Ribs, 179

Compound Fracture of Femur, 141

Concussion of Brain, 16I

Congestion of Face in Artificial Respiration, 93 Contents of S . T.A.B. Pouch, 14I

Dangers of Accidental Amputation. 62

Details of Marking Sheets, 202

Dilated Pupils in Apoplexy, 93

Dressing Bandage for Hand, 93 " "" Shoulder, r07 " of Wounds, 125

Errors in the Textbook, 14, 28

Essays on First Aid, 180

Eversion of Foot, 201

Fracture of Ribs and Femur, 93 " Skull, Femur and Clavicle, 77 Fractured Jaw and Bleeding, 14

Fractures of Clavicle and Humerus, 14

General Rules in Treating for Burns, 93 Good Work, Well Done, 202 Greenstick Fracture, 93

I njury to Elbow Joint, 201

Methylated Spirit Poisoning, 180 Pads for Fractured Collarbones, 201 Petrol and Wounds, 77 Rupture of Bladder, 161 ., of Plantaris Muscle, 28

Removal of Fractured SplDe, 180

Setting a F racture, 125

Shock from Abdominal Injury, 28

Signs of Iod ine Poisoning, 162 Small Silver St. John Cro::.s, 107 Spelling of" Silvester", 125 Sticking Plaster and Wounds, 93 Stings of Plants and Animals, ro7

Canadian Notes, 27 Chadwick Public Lecture, 90 Collieries and First Aid, 43

c Common Accidents Among Railway Men, I Crossley, Motor Ambulance, The, 175

B.O. 385.-County Organisation of the Brigade, ro6

D

" Dewar" Shield Winners, 1 I Danger of the Rat, The, 17

Death of Well-known Hull Ambulance Worker, 19 1 "Dewar" Challenge Shield and" Symons Eccles)) Challenge Cup, 122

NO·4 District Nursing Divisions' Competitions, 1921, 12 5

NO·4 District Conference at Morecambe, 73

NO·5 (North-Eastern) District, S.J.A.B., 44

DISTRICT ORDERS :-

50,66,82,99,114, 130,146,166, 186

35, 50, 18, 130 147, 166

F

Fightin g Typhus by Cinema, 46 First Woman Railway Centre Secretary, The, 171

G

Golden Rules of Test-Setters, The, 160 " "in Competition, 123

H

Hampstead " Efficien cy'.' Competition, 103 " Heath)) Cup CompetItIOn, 17

Health Education, 75, 89 Home Ambulances, 45 Home Ambulance Service, The, ro6 Hospitallers Club, 49

I

Imperial War Museum, The, 26 I ndian Red Cross, 39

Inspection and Review of South·East Lancashire Corps and Divisions, 198

Inter-Railway Shield, the" Dewar )) ShIeld, and the "Symons Eccles " Cup Competitions, 193

J

J oint Headquarters at Cheltenham, 61 L

Ambulance

Leicester!>hire V.A.D.'s, 66, 99, 19 1

Letter from a V.A.D., 29

PRACTICAL POINTS :-

After-Care of Drowning, 92

Another Narrow Escape, I99

"Cure of Infantile Convulsions, The, 78

Curious Accident, A, 78

Dangers of Epilepsy, 125

Death from Bichrom;:tte Po is oning, 4

Death from Concealed H ce morrhage, 15 2

Death from Suffocation, 179

Death from Scald, 29

First Aid with Efficiency, 78, 142

First Aid with Discrimination, 4 Foreign Body in Throat, 102

Foreign Body in Nose, 102 Foreign Body in Ear, 102

Justifiable Interference, 29

Rescue from Drowning, 92

Unjustifiable Interference, 6r

Unusual Cause of Fracture, 46 Gas Asphyxia, 46 " " Strangulation, 6r ,. " Suffocation, 46

Uses of Resourcefulness, 6

Preliminary Railway Competition, 174

Priory for Wales, 4, 56

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :-

Accidental Amputation of Foot, 62

Ambulance Cross, The, ro7

Arterial Bleeding and Burns of Hand, 14

Artificial Respiration, 107

Asphyxia and Fractured Ribs, 46

Structure of K nee-Joint, 62

Treatment of Asphyxia, 180 of Burst Varicose, 180 of Colles Fracture, 179 of Compound Fractures, 17 9 of Corrosive A cid Burns, ro8 of Insensib ility" 162 of Opium Poi;;oning, '4I of Fractured Humerus, 125 of Sprained Knee, 180

Uses of Lay Exam iners, 77 vVar Service Badge, 141 Weight of Blood, 162 \Vounds of Head and Knee, 202 R

Railway Ambulanc e Competitions, 176, 154 Red Cross Conference, A, 34 Red Cross Funds, 53

Remarks on the Official Text·Book, I82

Results of the Railway and Brigade Competitions, 175 Resuscitation from Electric Shock, 22

REVIEWS :-

Adenoids and Enlarged Tonsils, 30 Baillieres Nurses' Complete MedIcal Dictionary, 30 Care of C hildren, The, 142

First Aid in Emergencies, 9 r " to the Injured and Sick, 115

Historical Outline of Ambulance, An, 115 I ndex of Practical Nursing, 59 Nursing of Chronic Patients, The, 30

Pocket Guides to First Aid Treatment, 30 Tuberculosis , 59

White Cross of St. John, The, 91

s

Safety in Factories, 60

37. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE;Barnoldswick Centre, 120 Brigade Overseas, 138

First Aid in Industry, 101 Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, 7, 21, 72, 87, lOT, 119, [36,151 170, 190

Leicester V.A.D, 138 New S.J.A.A. Badge, 38 Official Brigade Gazette, 5,20,37, 54,70,85, 100, 117, 133, 149, 169, 18 9 Plymouth and District Ambulance Service, 136

Pri ory of Wales, 119

Royal Red Cross (2nd Class ) 38 Shaving Brushes, 12 0

St. John's Day, 8

V.A.D. Notes and 8, 21, 38, 55, 72, 87, ]01, 119, 137, 15 J 170, I9!

Scottish Red Cross Branch, The, 61 Small Ambulance Station, A, T90 South Eastern and Chatham Ambulance Centre, 109, 122 Railway Di5trict , 186 v Venom of Septic Injuries, The, 98 w

Warning Against Illegal Use of Red Cross, 69 War Nurses, Our, 53 War Vignette, A, 41 Winter for the S.J.A.B, A, 39, 58

AND THE -

IST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR. B. DALE.

No. 313.-VOL. XXVII , JULY, 1920.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free: single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 0, Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Edi tor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily .for iJubl£cation) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. Telegraphi c Address .' "Twentll-jout', L01zdon. " Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

WI T H this issu e, "First Aid" enters Our upon its 27th ye ar o f publication, and Anniversary. during the ?i hole of its c a re e r it has endeavoured to advance th e interests of the First Aid Mov e m e nt, which to-d a y we c an claim, in receiving the recognition that its m e rits des e rv e With our Erst issue it was stated that such a J ou m al as this may have a powerful influence which should only be used fo r the furtherance of good and us e ful obj e cts, and we think that we have lived up to the standard which we set out to a ccomplish.

During our long career the paper h a s see n many vicissitudes, and just prior to th e war i t was m a king very rapid progress in its circulation, unfortunat e ly, owing to the pap er shortage and rationing we had to curtail our efforts, and now, two years after the war, th e p o sition as regards paper and printing is more acute than ever, however, we intend carrying on, and we hope our re aders will back our efforts and also suppOtt our adv e rtis e rs so that we can make the Journal as useful a s possible, and of general interest to everyone in the mo\- e m e nt. W e should like ' to

suggest that Divisions and Corps in the Br iga d e should appoint someone to send abbreviated reports of ge n e ral interest to "First Aid," by this means th e whole of the Brigade would have a r esume of what is b e ing d o n e in the movement.

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WE ventured to say 10 thes e columns Brigade sho;tly after the conclus ion of th e wa r Conferences. that the outlook of the St. J o hn Am b ula.nc e Brigade was n e ver m or e hop e fu l, we made this statem e nt because th e use of the t rainin g and knowledge, which its members obtain e d had be en amply tested and proVEd during the war, and it had sh own what an immense asset the Empire possessed n t h e . Brigade. With this record we thought tha t th e Bri ga d e would rally to its ranks many new memb ers, and th a t t h os e who did servic e during the wa r would rejoin on thei r return, we must frankly confess that we ar e so mewh at disappointed in our anticipations, there seems to d a y a lethargic attitude, old members are not rejoin in g in a n y thing like the numbers they should, and not a g rea t numb er of new members are corning alon g, th is is no doubt due to war weariness, this is therefore the time whe n some stimulation should be put into the mov e m e nt Officers know the value of exchangin g vi e ws a nd experience s with their fellow officers, and we would su gge st that the time was never more opportun e t o hold in ea c h district an officers conference, to discuss way s a nd mea ns to crelte a greater interest in the work, this c o uld b e fo llo we d by a Brigade ' conference with delegat e s app ointed from each district, by this means we fe e l sure most va lu able information to stimulate an int erest would b e o b t a in e d in the interests of the Brigade

When visiting th e Edinburgh School of C oo k ery, H er Majesty the Qu e en was greatly interested i n a nu m ber o f V.A.D.'s in uniform, who have been s ent ther e by th e British Red Cross. She asked them ab o ut th ei r wa r e xperience, and inquired, with much intere st, a bo ut the hospitals in which they had worked

No. I District COMMIS SIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

Grand of the Order of thc }{ospital of St. John of jerusalem in E;nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT. St. john .Ambulance Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. August, 1920.

Sunday, Ist.-No. 72 Division, Barking. " " "

18th. -No. 30 East London.

I5th.-No.74 " London City Mission.

22nd. - No. 76 " Limehouse.

29th. -No.77 Underground Railways.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

The Commissioner desires to express his thanks to all ranks for the ready compliance with the instructions and the assistance thereby rendered, which materially assisted in making the parade a success. The smart and businesslike appeara nce earned the approval which the Inspecting Officer made apparent in his address.

EFFI CI EN CY.

The parade state wh ic h was sent to each Division should now be complete as soon as possible, and sent in. Every name which appears on the B. F.I, and in the same order, must be shown, marking those who attended as "Present," others " Absent With Leave, " attaching letters of excuse. The others as "Absent Without Leave. " The Officer or Member in Charge should also attach a list of men whom he knows to ha v e left the Division.

COMPANIES.

Specially designed for the purpose of dealing efficiently with District Parades. A list will soon be compiled and submitted to Divisions who are so closely situated that they can combine for the purpose of combined drills and practices. COMPETITIONS.

Arrangements. will be made to hold the Competitions for the "Massey MaInwarlng)J Cup, the "Osborn" Shield the " Sleath Gent " Cup, and the "Nursing Bowl" at the of November or the beginning of December. This will allow the holiday season to be got over, and some time for the training of the team.

SLEATH GENT CUP AND NURSES CHALLENGE 13 OWL.

.As CO mp et.itions for these trophies usually attract large entnes, beIng IndiVIdual and not team application .should be made for.a copy of the condItIOns a s soon as possible, and the representative member chosen and name submitted to H eadq uarters.

The method of choosing is with the Division but the following may ass ist in decidin g the point :_

( r) Hold a preliminary competition in the Division getting the Divisional Surgeon to conduct.

(2) By election at a Divisional meeting.

(3) \Vhen the Examiner is conducting tbe Divis ional R eexammation, let him decide RECRUITING.

!he indoor tra ni!1g season is from Oct()b er 1st to March 3 st In each year are to take advantage of thIS and arr a nge fO.r First AId Classes, III order to get recruits. Any ,!-dvICe or that can be given by the District at the service of officers and members in charge of DIVISIons on Tuesday or ThurSday evenings between the hOtlrs

AID.- July, 1920.

of 6 ,30 p.m. and 9.30 p.m., by appointment. Members of the District Staff are also in attendance on Monday and Wednesday evenings. The Commissioner is usually at St. John's Gate ea ch day, and can be seen by appointment on Monday and Thursday evenings between 8 and JO p.m.

WHITE CAP COVERS.

Cap covers should only he worn on District duty when specially ordered. They may be worn by all officers for local duty between May 1st and September 30th when ordered by the officer in charge of a Division.

BUGLE BAND.

N ow reforming. We are fortunate in having the original Bandmaster, Staff-Sergeant Lomas and Sergeant Sam pson the orig inal Band Secretary. They are just as enthusiastic and willing to help and teach men wishing to join. Each Division can help by seeing that it sends a man to the Band. This involves an expense to Divisions. It is not reasonable to expect these men who willingly give up two nights a month, should also be called upon to pay the necessary fares to enable them to attend the practices. I t is for each Divisional officer to place this before tbe Division, and get it to allow the out-of-pocket expenses to the men they send from the Division

MILITARY HOME HOSPITAL RESERVE AND ROYAL NAVAL SICK BERTH RESERVE.

Answering inquiries on both these reserves, it is understood that both are in existence, and it is believed that they will continue.

h Negotiations are goingon between the Authorities, and it is hoped that shortly the 1 evised conditions will be published. In the meantime the members of the District who do not send in their resignations will be carried on the strength as before, but it is understood that no arrangements can be made for any training with either Service for this year. Men who are contemplating enrolling in either of these Reserves, can have their names submitted now. Any enquiries can be made by intending recruits (wit h permission of their officer-in -charge), direct to headqnarters, or a personal intervitw will be granted on application. Offi c ers and memhers in c harge should bring this to the notice o f their members.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

Information is being received that some Divisional member s do not g et an opportunity of seeing District Orders

This has a lways been a difficult point as so few Divisions have a drill room or pla c e of meeting where noti c es can be displayed. May I urge on those responsible the importance of making such arrangements as will remove this d ifficulty

(A) By repeating in Divis ional Orders.

(B ) By making such arrangements that the Orders are displayed in a frame at railway stations or in a news agent's window near the station where members pass. ( Tbis of COurse only applies to Divisions in localities )

(C) By ar.angement with the Editor of FIRST AID, District Orders are published each month.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Co mmissio ner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

ANN UA L IN SPE CTION OF THE PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS.-On Saturday, July 3rd, the Chief Commissioner, Colonel Sir James Andrew Clark, Bt., C.B., conducted the Annual Inspection of the No. I District, Prince of Wales' Corps, on the Exhibition Ground, Hyde Park.

The Parade was under the command of Commissioner W. H Winny, O.B.E., who was SL1pported by tbe following members of his Staff.

Assistant Commissioners S. H. Vilyen, Lieut.·Col. F. A. Brooks, M D.

July, 19 20 - FIR ST

Dlstrict D. C. J. R MacFadden, O.B.E. District Officers, Captain W. J. H. Pontin, M.B.E., Captain J. C. Lines, Captain F. Hayman, S. B. Piers. Corps Superintendent, W. D. Liddell

Lady District Superintendent, The LadyMaud Wilbraham, O.B.E.

Lady District Officers, Miss K. Hunt, Mrs. J. C. Lines.

Corps Officers, G. Pape, O.B.E., S. J. Warren. There were 1,400 (fourteen hundred ) members on parade, a 1d after the March Past, the Chief Commissioner distributed Service :'v1.edals and Bars.

He complimented the members present on their smart appearance, and noticed with satisfaction that it was the largest parade of nursing members that he had seen In one district.

ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTON ( NO. 70) DIVlSlON.

-The Re- Un ion and Welcome Home to members of the above division was held on June 19th at the White Hart Hotel, Crawford Bridge. Ninety-five sat down to a very enjoyable tea, which was followed by a Social and Dance, arranged by the very able M.C. -Pte. J. Owen.

The Superintendent (Mr. R W. Stone) in welcoming the members contrasted those who having done active service and returned to the division with those who joined, no doubt to escape military service and retired. He also gave a few details of the services of members, many of whom had received promotion and special commendation for their He regretted a grateful country has not so far granted any decoration for those who served at h()me, also of the work done by members unable to go on active service but worked so well on aid ra ids and other divisional duties, and were specially mentioned in the daily pre.3s. He wished to thank the ladies for the help and encouragement which enabled the members to do their duty.

The death is regretted of Pte. Cousins, Barnes Sect io n. He was always a keen worker aDd during the war made the record attendance at air raid duties. The War Servi c e Badge and Certificate was granted him. Supt. R. vV. Stone, Sergt. G. Fair and Corpl. Coell attended the funeral with floral tributes from the division.

A most succe3sful cours e of le ct ures on " Maternity Nursing" and" Emergency Cases" has just been concluded, which was attended by 3 19 members of the Nursing Divisions in No. I District, and given by Dr. Claude St. Aubyn Farrer.

The keenest interest was shown by a most appreciative class and its usefulness has already been evidenced by the fact that 'one of the pupils was called upon to make lise of the knowledge gained. by an event which occurrl!d at Epsom on De· by Day

At the earnest request of many who expressed their desire to again benefit by the interesting instruction of Dr. Farrer, the course will be repeated during the coming winter.

A presentation of a handsome travelling case and a handbag was made to Mrs. J. Calvin Lines, of the District Staff, who organised the course, and these were handed to her by Lady Maud vVilbraham, who in graceful words conveyed the thanks of all concerned, and oftered her congratulations on the success which had attended the efforts put forward.

St. John's G.1te Division held its first annual summer outing on SJ.turday, June 5th, when a party of 25 members, wives and friends went to Southend. Some of the party were able to spend the whole day together, but others were unable to lea\'e London until midday, but all met at 3 p.m. at the Midland Railway Station where brakes waiting to convey them for a trip through the country, callmg on tne way back at the Anne Boleyne Hotel, Rochford, where tea was served.

After tea Supt. Burton's Health was drunk with acclamation (it being his birthday). SO.me of the party were kind enough to oblige with songs and musIC, to say nothmg of the sergeant tales.

After a pleasant drive back to Southend th e party returned London.

AID.3

No. 2 District.

The Rose Bowl Competition or the Nursmg Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The first competItIOn SIllce the war took place on Jt,;ne 26th at the R.G.A. Drill Hall, Southampton, but two teams only entered- Southampton and Calmore. So excellent was the demonstration in Aid and of each team that only one point dIVided the c ompetitors at the conclusion-and Southampton had that one point, thereby winning the trophy.

Colonel G. E. Twiss presented the bowl and the badges to .the members of the team, he also presented the shIeld won III competition to the Fareham D ivision, and the badges to tbe members of the successful team. Nine members of the Southampton Centre were also presented with the war serv ice badge.

The remarkably fine work of the Centre in the past war is indicated by tbe fact that upwards of 500 badges have been awarded.

No. 4 District.

DARWEN.-The nineteenth annual review, inspection and competitions of the South-East Lancashire Co r ps and Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, held at Darwen on June 12th were the first that have taken place since the beginning of the war. There was a Luge attendanee of ambulance and nursing divisions. The proceedings throughout were followed w ith much interest, and are l ikely to lead to a gr eat revival of enthusiasm in the work of the local division.

Early in the afternoon Colonel C. J. Trimble, C. B. , performed the interesting ceremony of opening a new Dnll Hall for the local div ision The Mayor ( Counci llor preSIded, and was supp!)rted by the Mayoress, Mrs. Houghton, Mrs. Tweedale, of Ro chdale (the lady district superintendent).

The Mayor expressed warm appreciation of Dr \ Vill ett, who had conducted classes for the last twelve or fifteen years. When war broke out the value of those classes was demonstrated, and 350 trained men from Darwen were able to join the RA.M.C. The nursing division was also of gr eat service, anti without it it would have been practically impossibl e to organise Moss Bridge Hospital. The new Dr ill Ha ll had been fitted up in part by the aid of a grant of £200 from the bl lan c e of the money in hand when the hospital was disbanded. He did not think the money could have been better used. Payingtribute to the value of amb J lance work, he said he considered that it formed a branch of the public health which was now receiving so much attention.

Colonel Trimble said it was satisfa cto ry to know that Darwen's members and officers had now a rally centre where they could continue the good work they h ad carried on without fee and without hope of reward. Both before and during the war the Brigade had done excellent work whi ch could not be too highly appreciated, and its record of men and nur oes who served and made sacrifices was one of which they had good reason to be proud.

Mrs. Tweedale, the lady district superintendent, h::lving referred to her previous visit to Darwen, when she inspected Moss Bridge Hospital, sa id that s ince that time there had been numerous changes, and many of them had worked very hard. Since the war closed down there had been a feel ing of war weariness, but she wished to encourage them to persevere

The Mayoress presented the awards, the results of the competitions being-Ambulan c e divisions: (So uth-East Lancashire Coronation Shield ) Bury; 2 (Wilson and Stockall Shield ), Todmorden ; 3 (South-East Lancashire C. and D. Cup) Tyldesley; 4, Ashton. Nursing Divis ions : (SouthEast'Lancashire Nursing Shield ), Crompton; 2 ( the" George Scarr" Shield), Ashton; 3 ( the Lees Cup ), Little Hulton; 4. Mossley. The judges were: Dr. J. T. vVillett ( Darwen ) Dr. Dukey (Colne ), Dr. Clegg (Accrington ) Dr. Benlall, O.B E. (Southport ) Dr. Clarke ( Blackburn ) and Dr. Cryer ( Manchester).

No. 5 District.

NOTTIN GHAM .-During the past few months the Nottingnam Corps has made considerable progress in many direc-

4 -FIRST

tions, and June 24th being the .festival of St. John the Baptist, the Corps recognIsed the occasIOn by holdlDg a church parade. AlJout 100 members assembled in the Market-place under the command of Assistant Commissioner A. B. Gibson, with Lieut. F. W. Bloore, Divisional Superintendants W. H. Cunningham and A. W Latimer, and marched by way of Carrington-street to St. John's Church, Leen-side, where a special service was held.

STAPLIiFORD. -A display and ambulance competition, organIsed bv this division, took place at Stapleforcl. Amongst those present were corps superIDtendents and assistant commissioner Mr. A. n. GIbson, Drs. Dobson, Fulton, Murphy, Sarah Gray and Baker, the lady corps superintendent (Mrs. E. Litchfield), the corps secretary (Mr. E. Morris ), and the lady corps secretary (Mi ss L. A. Bowler ). Dr. Dobson ( Ilkeston, officiated as examiner of stretcher work, and Dr. Fulton (No ttingham ), individual work. After the contests the prizes were distlibuted by Mr. J. W. Hatchett (S andlacre).

The winning teams were :-1 , Bulwell A team, 545 marks 2, Netherfield A tearn, 539. Ladies Division: r, Great-Northern C team, lIS ?, Great Northern E team, 110. The winner of of the men s individual prize was Mr. Frank Newton, of the Cammeli, Laird team, who onty passed his first aid certificate on May 30th last. Miss E. Denham was the winner of the individual prize in the Ladies' Section. She is a member of the Great Northern C team.

Further interesting events included the presentat ion to the Stapleford Division of a motor ambulance by the NO 5 Division (No ttingham). It was one of the five ambulances the funds of which dur ing the war were raised by Lieut.-Colonel Sir H. D. R. Bayley, and which did magnificent service in France. D iv isional Superintendent J. W. Harding accepted the ambulance, and stated his intentIOn to issue, during the next few days, an appeal to em ployers to subscribe £ 100, to form the nucleus of a fund to maintain the ambu ance.

Earlier in the day the Stapleford Division met the visitors at the Midland Station, and headed by the Nottingham Corps Band, proceeded to the Sandi acre Market-place. Here Councillor A. Dawson, on behalf of Sandiacre, presented the lo cal brigade with an ambulance box f)[ first aid purposes.

No. 6 District.

BRANDON COLLIERY.-This Division has raised £60 during the present year by means of whist drives, socIals and donation schemes. The men look very smart indeed in their new uniforms, procured at great expense from a first-class London firm, and their general appeal ance has been the subject of much favourable comment from prominent supervisers of the ambulance mo\'ement who have inspected them. Sixteen cases have been up to the present, both major and mmor casualties, all of which were commended by the resident

The majo\ity the members having had a lengthy experIence of war servIce with the R A. M.C. aL d Field Ambulance Detachments, it is hoped that two teams may be selected experienced men to part in all c?unty competItIOns, mcludmg the Donald Bam Challenge Shield Competition, open to the North of England.

Priory of Wales.

THE third an.nual inter-colliery ambulance competition for the Peter Halg Thomas Challenge Shield and medals (the gift of Mr. F. Ll e we llin Jacob, M K) between teams drawn from the Cam brian Cf)mbine Collieres, Messrs. D. Davis and Sons' Collieries and the Welsh Navigation Collieries, Coedely, touk place on the Darran Pdrk, Ferndale, on June 19 th Mr. Athron, agent of the Ferndale Collieries presided in the unavoidable absence of Mr. F. Ll. Jacob: J. P., general manager of Messrs_ D. D.:ivis and Sons. The judges were Dr. !vor J. Davies, Cardiff, and Dr. E. Llewel-

AI D.- July, 19 20

July, 19 20 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

lyn, Cardiff (late Bedlinog)

The teams competed in the following order and were awarded marks as folbws:Tylorstown (CarpI. W. Davies;, 117 ; Tonyrefail (Sergt. D. F. Price), 183; Coedely (Ambulance Officer Davies), 130; Tylorstown NO.1 (Strgt. D_ G. Williams), 135; Naval NO.2 (A. W. Whale), 1415; Llwynypia No. 2 (Sergt. D. o WIlliams). J40; Naval No.1 (S. Blundred), 152; Ferndale (Sergt. C. Davies), 185. Tile shield and medals we re handed ovt!r to the winners by the president.

After the competition the committee and officials of the movement, together with the judges, were entertained to luncheou by Mr. F. L Jacob, J.P., at the Salisbury Hotel. Councillor Abel Jacob, J.P., chairman of the Rhondda Urban District Council, presided.

The officials of the competition were :-Cbairman, Corps Supt. Geo. Payne, Llwynypia; vice-chairman, Mr. J. Morgan, Tylorstown j treasurer, Sergt. D. O. Williams, Llwynypia; secretary, Ambulance Officer W. R. Matthews, Llwynypia.

TlfE ST. JOlIN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette.

JUNE, r92o

The Chid Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No 47N ( Finsbury) Nursing Division. - Nursing Sister Miss Elizabeth E. Frankling to be Nursing Officer, 14.6.20. Nursing Sister Harriet Minton to be Nursing Officer, 15. 6 20 •

NO·3 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner W. B. Audland resigned and placed on the l:{eserve, 17.6.20.

Dudley and District Corps (Bri erley Hill Division).-Ambulance Officer Samuel Hancox to be Divisional Supt., 21·6.20.

East Warwickshire Corps (Nun eaton Nursing Dlvlslon).- J obn Cullen, M. B., B.Ch., B.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21-6.20.

NO·4 DISTRICT.

Tlu Ed£tor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special rqerence to g-ood and bad iJoints in inclusion in this Cohmzn.

• DEATH FROM BICHROMATE POISONING.

The dangers of lay prescribing were illustrated not long ago at an inquest when a man was found to have died from Poisoning by Potassium Bichromate. It transpired that he suffered from neuritis, and that he was advised by a friend to take (. bi-something of potash." Acting on thiS advice he obtained from the chemist and took bIchromate instead of bicar bonate, quickly developed signs of marked gastro-intestinal irritation, and died shortly afterwards from profound Collapse. -B. B., Cambridge.

FIRST-Am WITH DI SCR IMINATION.

A policeman was summoned recently from his beat to a factory and conducted to the manager, who told him that an old man, aged 65, had fallen from steps and was lyip.g on the ground with his right leg doubled under him. EXPfcling to to be taken without delay to the patient, the policeman was dumbfounded by the further action of the manager, who wanted to know full details of his lega l responsibility under these circumstances. Escaping alter IS minutes from the talkative manager, the policeman, when he reached the patient, was surprised to find that both legs were fully extended, the right foot being turned outwards and on its side. RecognIsing a fracture of both bones of the leg, he promptly enquired how this position was cbtained, and was still more surprised to learn that the old man had refused the help of h is fellow workmen, had his b.ody backwards by means of hiS hands and unmJured leg untd he succeeded in his efforts to straighten both legs. Finding that, thanks to his late arrival , the ambulance was now due at any moment, the police officier wisely contented himself by fixing the limb with its toes pointing skywards between two sugar boxes, and awaited the arrival of the ambulance with its complete equipment before taking further action.-A. J. M., New Cross.

V. A. D.'s with not less than two years' experience in the wards of a properly equipped military hospital will b e excust::d six months of the two years' fE-ver training necessary to qualify for a certificate in the M.A B. infectious hospitals, with pay according to the scale at the expiration of six months' service.

No. 41 (B rixton ) Nursing Division ) - John Dixon Stubbs, M.A., M .B., n.s, to be Divisional Surgeon, r2-5-2o.

Ho. 10 (na lham and Streatham ) Nursing Division.Alice Marion Benham, M D., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, r 2.5.20.

No. 28 (H .urow and Wealdstone ) Division. -Ambulance Officer Ketley resigned, 8.6.20.

No 68 (CIty of London) Division.-Sergt. George Henry Peters to be Ambulance Officer, 8.6.20.

No. 44 ( West London) Division.-Ambulance Officer Edward George Dalston to be Divisional Supt., 78.20, vice Supt. Jounett resigned.

No. 16 (Hamps tead ) Nursing Division ).- R. Connor Robertson, L. M.S.S.A., L.S .A, to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.6.20.

NO.7 (Toy nbee Hall) D ivis ion.-Supt. J. A. S. Coleman resigned, 17.6.20, and is placed on the Reserve.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

High Wycombe Division.-Charles Edward Skull, T.P., to be Honorary Vice-President, 20.6.20, James George Peace, J.P., to be Honorary Vice-President, 20.6.20.

Temple Meads Division.-Divisional Supt. J. Reynolds resigned, 1.7·20.

Portsmouth Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Miss Ethel Hunt to be Nursing Officer, 96.20.

Nursing Sister Miss Isabel Baker to be Nursing Officer, 10.6.20.

Nursing Sister Miss Ethel Stalkartt to be Nursing Officer, 11.6.20.

The Very Rev. Lionel Blackburne, M.A., appointed Honorary Member, 9.620.

John Timpson, Esq ., J.P., to be President, 9.920.

Sidney Horne, Esq., to be Honorary Member, 9.6.20.

Christopher Mayhew, M. R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.6.20.

Hamer Hodges, M.B, B.F., to be Divisional Surgeon, 10.6.20.

Marie Grigsby, L.R.C.P ., L.R.C.S., L.F.P.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 1 I. 6.20.

Lysander Maybury, M.D., M.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, r2.6 20.

Robert J. Lytle, M.D., B.Ch., B.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 1}6 20.

William Eberli, B.A., M.R.C.S., L.R.c.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, r 4.6. 20. Box Ambulance Division.-Pte. William Henry Pepler to be Divisional Supt., 10.6.20. Wolverton Ambulance Division.-Pte. Joseph Bennett to be Ambulance Officer, 20.6.20.

Corps (Little Hulton Nursing Division).Mrs E.m.J!y Jane Payn.e to he Nursing Officer, vice Lady Supt. MISS E. Jones, resigned, Blrkenhead Corps (Blrk enhead Borough Division ).-DivislOnal Supt. A. King res ign ed, 8.5. 20

Blrkenhead Corps.-Divisional Surgeon ] ohn William McFarland, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O., to be Corps Surgeon, 26.5. 20.

Lady D iv isional Supt., Mrs. Edith Lilian Williams to be Lady Corps Supt., 26.5.20.

Nursing Sister Mrs. L. Blair to be Lady Corps Officer, 26.5 20

Liverpool ( Liverpool Headquarters Division).-Corporal Thomas GarrIty to be Ambulance Officer, 25 6 20 vice Ambulance Officer J. Roberts resigned.

Darwen Division :q eorge William Bury, M.D, M.B., B.Ch., F. R.C.S., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 10.6.20, vice Dr. T. W. Heywood resigned.

Rochdale Corps (Th e Roach Nursing Division).-Sydney Alexander Henry, M.B., M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M., M.R.e.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.6.20.

Francis William Mackichan, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13.6.20.

Wilson, M. B.,. to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.6.20. MISS Kathleen Macklchan to be Lady Divisional Supt., 12.6.20.

Mabel Eli za May, M.B., Ch.B., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 13.6.20.

Crewe Division.-Divisional Surgeon A. B. McAllister res ig ned, 1.7.20.

Accrington Corps (Accringt on Nursing Division).-Mrs.

Dora El iza beth Wheeler, M.B., Ch.B., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 29.6.20, vice Dr. E. Johnson resigned, December, 19 19.

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Shipley and District Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Thomas I rvine Bon ner, M.A., M. C., M. B., to be Corps Surgeon, 15. 6 20 Corps Surgeon V. Mosley resigned and placed on the Retired List, 22.620.

Shipley and District Corps (North Ambulance Division).

J. A. Pendergast, O.B.E·, L.M.S.S.A., R.N ., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15.6.20.

Mansfield Division.-George Tatham Delder, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.6.20.

Ambulance Officer Georg-e Edward Hardy to be Divisional Supt., 18.6.20, vice Supt. R. K. Childs resigned.

1st Class Sergt. William Musson to be Ambulance Officer, 18.6.20, vice Ambulance Officer G. W. Nicholson resigned. Hanley and District Corps.-Corps Supt. Bloore transferred from Hanley and District Corps to the Nottingham Corps.

Derby Divis io n. --rs t Class SergI. \Valter Ware to be Ambulance Officer, 5.6.20.

6 - F1RST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBVLANClt

Derby Division.- The following Sergeants to be 1st Class Sergeants;

Sergt. J. Hallan.

Sergt. G. Hooper.

Sergt. G. Smedley.

Nottingham Corps.-Corps Officer G. C. A. Austen resigned his appointment and has been transferred to the Reserve,7·7·19· ., Swadlmcote and DistrIct Dlvlslon.-Ambulance Officer vV. S. \Vells resigned his appointment and has been transferred to the Reserve, 22.6.20.

Brighouse Corps.-Corps Supt. J. Cheetham resIgned his appointment and has been transferred to the Reserve, 22.6.20.

Spen Valley Corps (Heckmondwike and Liversedge Nursing Division) .- Theresa Ellen Newsome to .be Lady Divisional Supt., 16.6.20, vice Mary Ellen Chapel r.eslgned.

Nursing SIster Emma Oddy to be Nursmg Officer, 16.6.20.

Nursing Sisler Mary Cecilia Crabtree to be Nursing Officer, 17 6.20. ... . .

Shipley and Distr ic t Corps (Sa ltaIre I\1-tl.ls. Nursmg DIVlsion ).-J. F. \Valker, M. R.C.S., to be DIVlslOnal Surgeon, 16.6.20.

Nursing Offi cer C. Packett to be Lady Divisional Supt., 16620.

North Staffordshire Railway Corps (U ttoexter Division).

Serg t. Wilson Huxley to be Ambulance Officer, 23.6.20.

NO.2 Burton·on-Trent Division. -P te. WIlliam Robert Thompson to be Arnbulance Officer, 23.6.20.

Denaby Ma'n Corps (vVat h -o n -Dearne Dl\ ISlOn ).- Pte. Michael Clee\'e Martyn to be Divisional Supt. 3.7.20, vice Supt. B. H. Pickering resigned, 196.20.

Pte. Edward Emerson Melly to be Ambulance Officer, 3,7.30, vice Ambulance Officer J. Dell resigned, 19.6.20. NO.6 DISTRICT.

Kingston Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs.

D. Jameson resigned, 11.6.20.

Hull Corps ( Cottingh3.m Nursing Division ).--Lady Divisionrtl Supt. Mi:.s K. Dobson resigned 11.6.20.

Dirtley Corps.-Corp5 Supt. E. H. Kirkup resigned, 11.6.20.

Corps Officel A. W. Dawton resigned, r.6.20.

B irtley Corps (Birtley Division ).-Divisional Surgeon J. Johnson resigned, 11.6.20.

Ambulance Officer J. Wilson resigned, I r.6 20.

Ambulance Officer G. Heatherington resigned, 11.620.

Birtley Corps (C aston Division). -Divisional Surgeon W. H. Barnby resigned, 6.20.

Am bulance Officer G. vValton resigned, 11.620.

B irtley Corps ( Ravens worth Dlvls io n).-Divisional Surgeon W. Thompson resigned 11.6.20.

Ambulance Officer \"". S. Jackson resigned, 11. 620

Ambulance Officer W. Mulkerrin resigned, 11.6.20.

Birtley Corps (Bi rtley and D is trict Nursing Division).-

Nursing Officer I. Parker resigned, 11.6.20.

Nursing Officer G. Turnbull resigned, 11.620.

Tow Law Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs.

E. Moses resigned, 9.6 20.

Blaydon Nursing Sisler Mrs. Mary Ripley to be Nursing Officer, 28.5.20.

Lanchester Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Mrs. Margaret Cummings to be Lady Divisional Supt., 28.5. 20

Nursing SIster Miss El'zabeth Kate Hunter to be Nursing Officer, 28.5.20.

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Gosforth Nursing Division).-

Nursing. Miss .Mary Ed ge to be Lady Divisional Supt., 7.6.20, vIce MISS C. Rlseley resIgned.

Nurs ng Sister Miss Dora Blanche Forster to be Nursing Officer, 7.6.20, vice Miss J. Davidson resigned.

Hull Corps (P eel House Nursing Division).-Nursing Officer Miss O. Anderson resigned, 22.6.20.

Nursing OffiCer Mrs. J. Mair resigned, 24.6.20.

Hull Corps. -Corps Officer A. C. Carter resigned, 22.6.20.

Derwent Valley Corps (Consett and District Nursing Division ).-Nursing Officer Mrs. Elizabeth Heron to be Lady Divisional Supt., 28.6.20, vice Miss C. Robson resigned.

GAZETTE.-

July, 1920.

Larnbton Collieries Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Short resigned, 9.7.20.

Divisional Surgeon E. W. Short resIgned, 2.7.20. NO.7 DISTRICT.

Shrewsbury Corps (Shrewsbury Nursing Division).- The Lady CorLet to be Lady Divisional Supt., 13.6.20, vice Miss C. E. Hughes promoted.

Nursing Sister Miss Corser to be Nursmg. 13.620, vice Mrs. Scott-Deakin transferred to NO.4 DIstrIct.

Oswestry Division.- Hon. Sergt. Harry Hirons to be Ambulance Officer,S 7. 20

No.8 DISTRICT.

District Staff.-Lady Divisional Supt. Violet The Countess of Onslow, C.B.E., R.R.C., to be Lady District ,Officer. 26.6.20.

Folkestone Corps.-Corps Supt. F. Adams resigned, 11.620, and transferred to Reserve, 22.6.20.

Corps Officer H. Evans resigned, 11.6.20, and transferred to Reserve, 22.6.20.

Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer Miss F. Palmer resign" her appoiritment and reverts to Nursing Sister at her own request, 4.6.20.

Willesborough and Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer L. Potts resigned, 8,6.20.

Clandon Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister MISS S. J. Deekes to be Nursing Officer, 6-4-20.

Mrs. C. Rowcliffen, to be Nursing Officer, 18.5.20.

Nursing Sister Miss Ella Sharples to be Nursing Officer, 7-4- 20

Camberley and Windlesham Nursing Division. - Nursing Sister Lady Jessie Emmiline Peters to be Nursing Officer, 2.6,20.

Horace Lake Lowis, M.B., C.M., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.6.20.

Nursing Sister Miss Betty Earle to be Nursing Officer, 3 6 20

Nursing Sister Mrs. Beatrice Aimee Dutton to be Nursing Officer, 4.6.20.

Chatham Ambulance Division.-Ambulance Officer W. McIntosh resigned, 16.6.20.

Ashford Town Division.-Divisional Surgeon R. J. Bentley resigned, 1.7.20.

Ernest M.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 29.6.20, vice D::-. R. J. Bentley resigned.

Clandon Nursing Division.-Mrs. C. Rowcliffe to be Nursing Officer, 18.5.20.

Hertsham Nursing Division.-Miss D. H. Coleman to be Lady Divisional Supt., 11.6.20.

Maidstone Ambulance Division.-Arthur J. B. Maxted to be Ambulance Officer, 17 620, vice W. Beecher resigned, 11.2.20.

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Newton Abbot Corps (Newton Abbot Division).-Harold

G. Michelmore, Esq., to be Honorary President, 2.7.20. The following gentlemen have been appointed Honorary Vice-Presidents to date as from The Hon. Charles Clifford.

Rev. C. A. W. Russeil. Major V. Burnett.

Dr. H. B. Mapleton.

H. Vicary, Esq.

T. Magor, Esq.

J. E. Mills, Esq.

Sir Ernest Cable, Bart.

Samuel P. Adamson, Esq

T. Watts, Esq.

W. H. Stoneman, Esq.

A. Graham, Esq.

W. A. Bartleet, Esq.

Admiral Sir John Heoxt, K.C.I.E.

Exeter Nursing Division.-Amy Minnie Phillips to be Lady Divisional Supt., 17.6.20, vice Miss Unwin nsigned, 5·1.20.

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Nacton Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Mr5. E. C.

July, 19 20 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 7

Hancox to be Lady Divisional Supt., 8.6.20, vice Miss M. C. A. Moorson resigned.

No. 12 DISTRICT.

City of Dublin Corps (Filzwillia!ll Nursing Nursing Sister Gertrude Mary to be Lady DlVlslOnal Supt., 1.6,20, vice Miss Harkness resIgned.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Bricklayer'S Arms D ivision.-:-The gentlemen have been appointed Honorary VIce-PreSidents, to date from 8.5. 20 :-

S. H. White, Esq.

G. Oxley, Esq.

A. Cobb, Esq.

H. H. Marshall, Esq.

Alfred James Green to be Ambulance Officer, 18.6.20.

Frederick Jeffries, F.R.C.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, q 6.20 .

Hither Green Di"ision. -Wi lliam A. Smith to be Ambul.mce Officer, 25· 5. 20

Orpington D iv ision .-P te. Thomas WlllIam Burgess to be Ambulance Offi cer, 106.20.

Pte. James be Ambulance Officer, 11.6.20.

Addiscombe Divislon.-Charies Victor Hawker to be Ambulance Officer, 18620.

Queenborough Division.-Walter Benjamin B1ades to be Honorary Vice-President, 20.6 20

Hastings Divlsion. - Sergt. S. Page to be 1st Class Sergt., 8.6.20.

N'l<:W DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned and disbanded ;NO.3 DISTRI CT.

Leicester Town Division to be renamed Leicester City Division. ., Three Spires NurSIng DIVISIon ( N.E. \Varwlckshne Corps. -Sanctioned 7·7.20.

NO.5 DI STRICT

Saltaire Mills Nursing Division.-Sanctioned 18.6,20. Cammell Laird Division ( Nottingham Corps).-Sanctioned 18,6.20.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Willington Quay I ?6.20.

Lambton Collieries NurSIng Dlvlslon.-Dlsbanded 9.7.30.

Tow Law Nursing Division.-Disbanded 9.6.20.

Birtley Corps.-Disbanded 11.6.20.

Birtley Division. -Disbanded 11.6.20.

Ouston D;vision.-Disbanded 11.6.20.

Ravensworth Division.-Disbanded 11.6.20.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Willsborough and Ashford Nursing Division.-Disbanded 8620.

Folkestone Corps.-Disbanded 11.6.20. The Divisions will carryon independently.

Hastings RaIlway Division transferred to the S.E. & C.Ry. District.

Cobham Division.-Disbanded 6·7.20.

Brighton (L.B. & S.C.) Division.-Disbanded 6·7.20.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Ludgwan Nursing Division.-Disbanded 6.7.20.

Devonport Nursing Division. - Disbanded 6.7 .20.

Exeter City Police Division -Di sbanded 6.7.20.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Sevenoaks Ambulance Division.-Sanctioned 12.-+ 20.

Reading Ambulance Division. -Sanc tioned 26.6,20.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem

• in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn'S Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., luly 5th, I920.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :-

As Lady of Grace (from Lady of lustice):

Florence Caroline, Mrs. Seymour Corkran, C. B. E.

As Chaplam:

The Rev. Paul William Nassau Shirley (from Honorary Associate )

As Knights of Grace:

Lieut.-General Sir David Henderson, KC. B., K.C .V.O., D.S.O.

Sir Herbert Brown, KB.E.

Colonel Sir Edward Willis Duncan Ward, Bt., C. B.E., K.C.B., K.C.V.O.

A s Ladies of Grace:

L eoni e Blanche, Lady Leslie

Mary Olivia, The Hon. Mrs. de la Poer

Florinda Elizabeth, Mrs. Hayes

Elsie, Lady Shiffner, O.B.E.

Astley Thomas Terry

As Esquire:

Major Sir John Wyndham Beynon, Bt., C.B.E.

Aneurin Gomer Emlyn Jones Fudge

As Honorary Serving Brothers:

Lieut.-Colonel Robert Milner Smyth, O.B.E ., F.R.C.S.I.

Hayward Alder

William Galloway Jones

Frederick William Kent

Richard Wilson Bartlett

Daniel Davies

Frederick Robert Hortop

Bernard Evan Maberly

Carlton Tom Hurry Riches

\Villiam Meredith Owen

As Honorary Servi71 fj Sisters:

Margaret Cecilia, Mrs. Dawson

Eli zab eth Emma, Mrs. Batty

Barbara, Mrs. Drake

Mariel A., M iss Brodie

The Hon. Alice Douglas-Pennant

Margaret Gertrude, Miss Letcher

Dorothy Mary, Miss Morgan

Rose Gladys, Miss Nurton

Martha Ethel, Mrs. Robinson

Margaret, Mrs. Rutherford

As Honorary Associates:

Captain Gerald Hall Lloyd Fitzwilliams, M.D., F.R.C.S. (Ed. ),

R.A.M.C.

Bertha, Mrs. Wade

Amelia, Miss Marris

Major Andrew Woodroffe Anderson, M.B.

Edward Jobn Herington Budg e, L.R.c.P., L.R.C.S.

Daniel de Vere Hunt, L.RC.P., L.RC.S.I.

Surgeon Lieut.·Colonel Evan Evam, M.B., F.R.C.S.

Michael Cyril Oswald Huriy, L. RC.P !., L.M.

Richard James Isaac, L.R.C.P. (E d. ), L.R.C.S .\ Ed. )

David John Thomas, M.R.C S., L.RCP .( Ed. )

Captain John Wallace, O.n.E., M.B., M.R.C.S.

William George Williams, M.B.

Thomas Oswald Mein

John's Day.

THE Ar.nual Commemoration Service of the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England was held on Sl. John Baptist's June 24 th , in the Grand Priory Church of the III Clerkenwell. The service was taken by the Rector, the Rev. T. C. Eldon, assisted by the Bishop of Worcester and the Rev. Canon Edgar Sheppard, Sub-Dean of the C.hapel Royal. The Anniversary sermon W.lS preached by BIshC?P Drury, Master of St. Catherine's College, Cambridge, a SubPrelate of the Order. At the beginning of the service the Bishop of Worcester blessed the candelabra presented by L'idy Boyds, in memory of her husband, the late Colonel Sir Clement Royds, C B., a Knight of Justice of the Order. After the service a memorial tablet erected in the crypt of the Church to the memory of the late Sir John Furley, a Knight of Justice of the Order, was dedicated and unveiled by the Rev. Canon Edgar Sheppard.

The Annual General Assembly of members and associates of the Order was afterwards held in the Chapter Hall at St. John's Gate, Sir John P. Hewett, the Chancellor, presiding. The work of the Order during the past twelve months was briefly reviewed by the SecretaryGeneral, the Right Hon Evelyn Cecil, M.P. The Chairman of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital at Jerusalem (Colonel Sir Courtauld Thomson) gave a short account of the progress made during the year in re-establishing this work of the Order in I.he Holy Land. Lieutenant-Colonel Vivian Gabriel spoke with reference to the Auberge d'Angleterre, home of the English Branch of the Order in RhodeS.

During the meeting the Chancellor presented the G::>ld Medal of the Order, awarded for saving life on land at imminent personal risk, to Colonel C. J. Trimble, C.B., C.M.G., who while in command of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Hospital in France displayed great gallantry and devotion to duty during an attack on the hospital by enemy air craft in May, 1918, when several nurses, patients and and orderlies were killed and many wounded.

Among those present were :-

S ir John P. Hewett ( Chancellor ), the Right Hon. Evelyn Cecil, M.P. (Se cretary-General) and the Han. Mrs Evelyn Cecil, SI r Dy ce Duckworth (Almoner ), Mr. A. F. G. Leveson Gower, Lieut. -C olonel A. C. Yate and Mrs. Yate, Mr. E. H. Freshfiel d SIr Robert Harvey, Lieut.-Colonel J. W. Wray and Mrs Wr a y, Inspector-General Belgrave Ninnis, Lord and Lady Mon son, Colonel E. D. B. Synge-Hutchinson, V.C., the Countess Brassey, Lady Royds, Lady Furley, Lady Oliver, the Han. Marg a ret Amherst, Mrs A. H. Morgan, the Archdeacon Lo nd on , the Rev. H. R. L. Sheppard, the Rev. B. S. Lloyd, SIr Robert Armstrong-Jones, Sir Albert Rollit, Lord Lee, Lady Lee, the BIs hop of Worce.ster, the Rev. Canon Edgar Sheppard, the Re v. T . C. Elsdon, SIr Courtauld Thompson, Sir Valentine Murra y, Slr John S Young, LO'd Queenborough, MajorGeneral S Ir H a rry Da rron and Lady Barron, Major Colin and the ,Lady McRae, Sir R. Douglas Powell, L leut -General SIr Fran CIS Lloyd, Lord Forester, Sir Charles

W a ts on and Lady Wat son, Lord Treowen, Sir Charles Wakefi el d, S ir Lees Knowles and Lady Knowles, the Earl and Counte ss of On 510 :", the Hon. Sir John Cockburn, Sir Warren Cro oke-Lawle ss, Lleut-General SIr R obert Baden Powell the R Ig ht H a n T. R Ic hards, M.P., Lieut.-Colonel C. E. Yate'and M rs Va t:, Si r Edward Thar:keray, V.C , and Lady Thackeray

Colonel S Ir J?lm Rogers; the Lord Killanin, the Dowager Lady

Lo ch, Lady Sy denham, Lady J ephson, Lady ( Owen ) Phillip:', the Hon . M rs. Henn CoUms, Lady Sloggett, Lady Wilson, Lady Aber conway, Mr. W. R. Edwards, Lady Marjorie Dalyrymple, Lady WIlliamson, Lady Bedford, Lady Creagh, the

Dowager Marchioness of Bristol, Robinia Viscountess MOllntgarret, Lady Rogers, Lady Smith, the Countess of Dondonald, Lady Strong, the Hon. Mrs. A. D. Acland, Lady Llangattock, Lady Mostyn, the Lady George Nevill, Lady Lukis, MajorGeneral P. Hehir, R. St. A. Roumieu, F. E. J. Smith, S. Osborn, F.R.C.S., Captain A. C. Seton-Christopher, F. H Symons J eune, Colonel C. J. Trimble, Lieut-General Sir William Babtie, W. H. Winny, C. Cotton, F.RC.P., Lieut.Colonel J. T. W. Perowme, Lieut.-Colonel Bichman Morgan, Lieut.-Colonel Vivian Gabriel, P. M. G. Tombs, H. Lewis, Mrs. R. Lascelles, Mrs. E. Shepperd, Miss R. A. Mrs. J. C. Lines, Captain J. C. Lines, H P. Hansell, Miss B. Bourke, Miss E. B()urke, Mrs. T. H. Hendley, Mrs. Charles Scott-Gatty, Mr. and Mrs. W. Dixon, the Han. Essex French, the ' Han. Mrs. Henry Gladstone, Dame Sarah Swift, Dame Rachel Crowdy, Dame Maud MacCarthy, Dame Una PopeHennessey, Mrs. P. Sewell, Mrs. F. Tufnell, Mrs. Culley, EdWIn Dawes, VV. H. Fincham, C. B. HamIlton, Colonel \V. G. Carter, W H. Morgan, Captain W. J. H. Pontin, R. W. Brett, Mr. "and Mrs. A Paull, Miss Hankey, Miss Hoare, the Rev." Canon E. Lambert, Major-General H. Henley, the Hon. Mrs. Cmens-Hardy, the Rev. W. D. Rudgard, the Rev. Dr. Carter, Mrs. C. Magniac, P. Selby, M.RC.S., and many others.

V.A.D. Not-es and News.

WE have posted 77 nursing V.A.D. Members to Naval, Military and Ministry of Pensions Hospitals during the last month.

We have receive d 29 requisitions for the services of our members and all these have come from hospitals under the Ministry of Pensions. We are still in need of members for these hospitals, where the work is mainly

If a nursing member has not previously been serving at least a year in a hospital, she is appointed at a salary of £25 inst e ad of £30'

We have now forwarded 46 applications for free passages to the Dominions on behalf of V.A.D. members to the Ov e rseas Settlement Office.

A meeting was called by public notice in the Pre ss, at the Royal Automobile Club on May 28th, 1920, when those V.A.D. Nursing and General Service members who had served in Naval, Military and Air Force hospitals were invited to elect an Advisory Committee in connection with the United Services Fund.

Lady Ampthill was unanimously elected as Chairman of this Committee, and a Representative Committee was elected by the members present.

It is hop ed that the V.A.D. organisation will receive a grant from the United Services Fund and such a grant will be administe red by the Advisory Committe e

At the m eeting various proposals were made as to the disposal of any sum granted m order to benefit the greatest possible num ber of V.A D. members.

Proposals were made as to the foundation of hostels, a convalescent homf', the endowing of beds in a hospital and a Compassionate Fund.

It was felt difficult, however, to arrive at any definite decision until it known the amount of money which the Advisory Committee would be · lIkely to have at their disposal.

The Overseas section, up to the present, has been very busy fulfilling the requisition for Constantinople. A of 30 mem bers with an officer in charge sailed from LIverpool on June 15th, and the second draft is in readiness to start, but has been held ' up owing to the difficulty

July, 19 20 of transport. There are still. 200 members in France, in addItIOn to the Unlts WIth the Army cf the Rhine. The Pay Department still continues to be very busy.

The work in the English section has gradually been decreasing, although there is still a shortage of assistant cooks. The question of arrears of pay due to members is a difficult one, as in the case of members who served in Canadian hospitals, all such matters have now to be referred to Ottawa-the Canadian headquarters.

The Convalescent Home at Beechgrove, Sunninghill, has been very full for the last two months. A new departure has been the reception of working V.A. D.'s for the at a small fee to cover the actual txpenses of food, &c. This has proved a great 1:)Oon in the hot weather, and as ntra beds have been mstalled for the purpose, has not dimini.;hed the available for the convalescents for whom the Home IS mtended.

Beechgrove has suffered a great loss in the resignation,

AI D.- 9

members of the Staff. Open air treatment in beds hav in O' been ordered by the Medical Officer for one of th e cas e; a balcony is made use of for this purp ose, whIch more than one "cot case" could b e nursed if necessary. The air of Sunninghill has been found most stimulating and beneficial to the patients, most of wh o m make rapid progress while under treatment.

We regret to record the deaths of:-

Miss Edith Dorothy K Hedges, Nursing M e mber Northants Reserve, died April 23rd, 19 20

Miss Sarah Mabel Gash, Donegal, 10, Nursing Member.

Miss Olive Wearmouth, Nursing Memb e r, N orthumberland, 64. Died July 14th, 1918 .

Miss Edith Evelyn Diana Wynter, Nursing M e mb er. V:.mdon, 156. Died early in 1920.

The following Members have been mentioned 10 Despatches for Nursing Services :Brown, Annie, E. R. Yorks, 22, B R.C.S.

By courte sy ] [C. W. Raz'Lway 111ag avim

BIRMIN GHAM SNOW HILL, G. W.R, AMBULANCE TEAM, WIN TE RS O F THE" D EWA R " SH IELD, 19::!0

Standing back row (left to right ) - Ticket Collectors Philip Fletcher, John Wheatley, Sidney Dancer, Goods F or em a n Horace G. Fletcher, Carriage Examiner Henry \tVard (reserve ) Inspector \tV. Harris, Inspector S. W. Merrick (captain ), Relief Stationmaster C. H. Overbury

Seated-Mr. F. Taylor (Assistant Stationmaster ), Mr. S. J ohnson. (Divisional Superintendent ), Mr. H. H err ing (Stationmaster), Mr. F. S. Bolton ( DIVIsIOnal Secretary ).

Trophies -left, "Dewar" Shield; right, City of Birmingham Challenge Shield.

for family reasons, of Mrs. Cotton, the Commandant, who has been on duty, with two intervals, ever since the Home was first started at Ardington. Old patients from Ardington and Hartsleap will always remember Mrs. Cotton's unfailing kindness and the skill with whic? she to infuse the atmosphere of a real home mto an lllStltUtion.

Miss Bickmore, R.R.c., whose work is known to many V.A.D.'s has consented to succeed Mrs. Cotton, and the future of the Home should be very safe in her hands.

The grounds of Beechgrove are so extensive that a lawn tenpis court has been established for the use of tbose convalescents who are able to play, as well as (or the

Edwards, Mary Ethel A., Armagh, 16, S.J. A A. Elliott, LilIan, Northumberland, 28, B.R. C. S. Crom bie, Effie Forrester, L o ndon, 46, B. R. C.S Whyatt, Florence, E. Lanes, J136, B.R.C.S.

The American Red Cross has set asid e som e millions of dollars for health work in the United States and int e n d s to co-operate with existing h ealth ag fll cies.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention II FiNt Aid •J

We should like to congratulate C o l. Trimble on receiving the Gold Medal of the Order for saving life, when in charge of the Brigade Hospital in France during the time it was being bombed by enemy aircraft.

We are surprised that the Districts of the Brigade do not organise annual camps. In pre-war days the NO.3 District used to make this an annual event, and very successful it was It does, we know, necessitate a comiderable amount of work in organising these camps, but this is compensated for by the exc e llent training it gives to the men, besides making an enjoyable holiday.

Shock is attE.ndant with nearly every accident, and it IS one of the contingencies the First Aider has to guard against. M e dical authorities have from time to tim e debated the amount of shock nE.cessary to produce a fatal effect, but they cannot estimate the intensity of the impulse requisite to destroy life by shock. There are also racial values as well as individual values. The Bengalee has, for

AID. - July, 19 20

example, a higher shock value than the negro. Still the shock value of the individual varies from time to time, and different parts of the body have different shock values. A tap below the belt may wind a mm on whose thorax one could hammer without causing distress, and are other elements, such as unpreparedn e ss. A false step in the dark may momentarily shake the nerves of a man who will take the spills of a day's hunti!lg without turning a hair.

* * *

• We understand that the Hospitallers Club which was recently established by the officers of Ambulance Divisions of the NO.1 District is in a flourishing condition, and bids fair to be a great success in its main object, which is the oromotion of social intercourse among its members. At the last meeting of the Club on July 9th, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, at the invitation of the committee, gave a short account of "The Early History of the St. John Movement,' which was much appreciated.

During the past y -:. ar the St. Andrtw's Ambulance Association has made good progress, forty new centJes being formed throughout Scotland and 4,344 persons 4ualifying. The arrang e ments for establishing motor ambulance services throughout Scotland were completed, and there was now provided a chain of waggon extending Wick to Stranraor.

*

N e w V.A.D. Headquarters were opened at Leicester this month by Lady Oliver. Th ey contain class, r e creation and billiard rooms, and is intended to be the local centre for both men and women of th e organisation. There is an attractive lounge and tea room. Among the work the headquarters will assist in will be the provision of a training centre for first aid and home nursing, and courses of instruction in hygiene, sanitation e tc ; also the arrangement of series of le ctures in mor e advanced subjects the ;stablishrn ent of a loan or hire derat fnr sickroom re,,!uisites the enrolment of V.A.D. men and women available for public service ; the formation of a register of qualified YA.D.'s to assist th e district nurses if required, or to help at the local hospitals in case of emergency j and to prepare plans for the imill e diate establishment of an tmergency hospital if required.

July, 19 20

-FIRST

" Dewar Shield" Winners.

THE Snow Hill team won the G.W.R competition for the Birmingham Division, and followed this up by winning City of Birmingham Challenge Shield in the Brigade competition.

On April 24th they represented the Birmingham Corps in th e NO.3 District Brigade competition at and having won th e y then r e presented the NO.3 DIstnct 10 the competition at Cannon·street Hotel, London, on May 13th. Twelve teams competed, and the position of the first three was :-

I. No. 3 District. Birmingham Corps (Snow Hill), 379 marks.

2. No.1 District, Hampstead Division, 344 t marks.

3. Welsh District, Abertillery Division, Newport Mon Corps, 335 marks:

It lS interestmg to note that the pOSItIOns of the first two te ams were the same as the year 1904, Snow Hill winning and No. 1 District (London Cyclist Corps) being second.

Birmingham t eam hav e b e en remarkably successful in th e City of Birmingham Challeng e Shield competition, having h el d th e Shield in all about 9 years.

The team had an enthusiastic rece ption on its return from London with th e "D ewar " Shield, congratulations being b e stowed upon th e members from all quarters, and the railwaymen in the Birmingham District are naturally very proud of their success.

Common Accidents to Railwaymen.

TH E Gl asg o w arid S outh W e st e rn Railway Co. offer a priz e of £, 2 2S. for the best Essay on an ambulance su bj ect, contribut e d by a member of the Ambulance Brigade. Th e subj ect sel e cted this year was as above, and the winning paper was contributed this year by John Holland, of Ardrossan. Dr. R. T. Halliday, of Glasgow, was the Arbit e r B elow is the Pr ize Essay :-

Th e railwaym e n most subj ect to accident are, in all probability, those who ar e e ngage d in th e outdoor part of the work ; e ith er in r e pairing the railway or in handling the traffic in its multitudinous forms. Under the above head the accid e nts capa b le of arising out of the nature of the work are almost numb erless. But to single out some of the more common on e s renaers the task set us a little more easy.

(1) About the most common accident is that of a "fire in the e ye." All who work where rolling stock is being shunt e d are liable to fa ll a victim at a moment's notice ; shunters and engin e men e sp ecially.

AID.- 11

then to saturate a piece of cloth in cold water, and lay it on the eye and fix it with a bandage, and take the patient to a doctor. In the case whert the particle has been removed without difficulty, bathing the eye with cold water so as to wash out any other fine particles and to kill any inflammation, and afterwards to drop in one or two drops of castor oil to allay the irritation will prove beneficial.

(2) A "sprained" ankle is a common occurrence and can be received very easily. A shunter working the side of .the track, and not looking where he is walking, may put hIS foot on the edge-end of a sleeper, and thus slip off it, causing him to sprain his ankle. Or a piece of slag used in packing the sleepers may have become kicked out on to the ground over which he walks while working, and he accidentally treads on it; and it not being of a regular shape, may partially roll with his weight and motion thus causing him to sprain his ankle, setting up great pain and swelling of the part involved, through the stretching of ligaments and rupture of the small vessels surrounding the ankle.

In rendering first aid, the chief aim is to all e viate pain and prevent the injury bEcoming worse. To t his end the best way will be to remove the boot and sock. and to apply hot fomentations ; or failing th is, cold wat er, and then to have bandages applied tightly over the sprained part, keeping the leg elevated so as to reduce the quantity of blood to the leg. In a case where the person has a long way to go before getting home, a bandage or strap put over the boot, and made very tight to prevent the escape of an excess of the contents of the ruptured ve ss els, with complete rest and elevation of the injured part, will be helpful until a doctor is called to treat it.

(3) "Checked" nails are common, the various causes being the fingers or toes being caught btlween two heavy weights. As, for instance, porters working between heavy packages, or surfacemen working with rails the pain being greater where a "burst" mem ber does not ensue. This being caused by the ruptured blood vessels pouring out their contents under the nail, causing swelling, pain, and blackening of the injured part.

In this case first aid to be of any avail mus t be p ro mp t. If the finger-or tot-is not burst, digital pressure on the part is first applied; then, either hot or cold water being at hand, immersing the "checked" member in it for some minutes to arrest the hcemorrhage under the skin, after· wards el evating the part will give a fair measure of relief. In some cases piercing the nail with a sharp pointed knife, or scraping the nail until it is very thin, is very beneficial. Where the finger or toe is burst, arresting the bleeding with hot or cold water and then cleansing the wound with a little clean water to which a few drops of Lysol bas been added, and putting on a first dressing, will give relief until dr e ssed by the doctor.

The Canadian Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association has recently published a French translation of the Association's official text-book on Homl.; Nursing under the title of "Soin des Malad e s a la Maison." The First Aid tt xt-boGk has also been published in French, and both publications may be obtained through St. John's Gate.

In treating a "fire in the e ye,>' the usual way is to seat the subject in a position favourable to ge t the maximum of light on the eye; get behind him; ask him to look straight in front of himself, and to e xamine the eye so as to see what has got into it. If nothing is to be seen, then the top eyelid is everted, and the particl e is usually seen on the lid; but sometimes it is e m bedded on the ball of the eye, causing sev ere pain and inflammation. If on the lid the corn e r of a handkerchief or a hair doubled to form a loop will remove it quite e asily; if on the eyeball, and fi rmly embedded, there will be difficulty in removing it. Should the particle show any signs of being difficult to remove, then no att e mpt should be made to remove it. It will be best to wash the eye with some cold water; and

(4) Not so common, but happening at times, is the cutting off of a limb by being run over with a wagon or engine. In this case the pressure of the v€hicle usually squeezes the end of the hm b to such an extent there is a deadening of the part, and the loss of blood IS not so great as in a clean sharp cutting of a lim b shock is great, and a resultant lowermg of the VItality occurs. There is great danger of septic poisoning both from the nature of the instrument causing the occurrence, and from the germs contained in the air gaining admission to the various tissues of the injured part.

The usual course is to promp tly arrest the bleeding, then to cleanse the end of the limb with sterilised water j apply a first dressing, attend to the shock,. patient in the recum bent position, and send for ald.

-ii'IRSq-

(5) A "crushed arm" frequ entl y happens when persons are working among wagons. The muscles are burst and sev erely damaged the connective tissue disarranged; the blood vessels are ruptured and.pour out their contents. The nerves are damaged, and so also may the periosteum of th e bone. The pain and shock may cause collapse of the pati e nt. Added to this there may be parts of the clothes embedded i n the flesh, liable to set up blood poisonmg.

This is a bad case in which to render first aid, but it has to be done. After removing the coat gently from the person, if the crushed part is not too high up in the arm, digital pressure on the brachial artery should be applied at once if very high, then pressure should be applied on the subclavian artery in what is termed "the crow's nest," so as to arrest any bleeding-the idea being to keep as much blood in the body as possible; or, if possible, an improvised tourniquet may be applied, while the parr is washed with sterilised water, and the muscles and skin put together to allow of a first dressing being applied. Then the arm should be put in a broad sling. The patient would be best at ease if kept in the recumbent position while being taken to a doctor for further treatment.

(6) The bones of the leg or arm, or the clavicle are sometimes fractured through a man jumping off a vehicle in motion. It may be frosty weather, or the ground slippery, and it might be that in jumping the feet slip from under the man, and one of the bones of his legs is fractured; or it may be that when he slips he puts out his hands to save himself, and the weight of his body, combined with the force of the jump, may put such a sudden strain on the arms as to fracture one of them; or to conduct the force of the impact to the humerus or the clavicle, so as to fracture it, thus giving him the sensation of a snap, pain , and the loss of movement; movement where there ought to be none, deformity, swelling at the seat of fracture and crepitus will be found to exist.

FlfSt aid here, if in the leg or (nigh, if it is simply a complete fracture, is not t() allow it to become compound. To this end the patient is handled very gently, and kept in the recumbent position splints are procured, and aftet extension and counter-exte nsion have b ee n applied, they are put on, care being taken not to tie a bandage over the seat of fracture. If in the arm, the splints are put on with the same care, and the arm supported with a narrow folded bandage round the neck, into which the hand and wrist are placed, so as to allow the forearm to help keep the broken ends of the bone apart. If the clavicle, a pad is put in the armpit, the forearm is brought up to a line pointing to the sound and a bandage applied to keep it there, whlle another IS tIed round the body which at the same time tak e s in the e.lbow of the inj ured side; and so we have a pressure beanng on the fulcrum made by the pad, and thus the ends of the fractured clavicle are approximated.; the pati ent is then taken to a doctor.

(7) Among engi nemen, scalds and burns are of comm on occurrence. Hot .oil or hot water, or escaping steam on the one hand, whIle hot ashes or coming into contact WIth hot plates on the other hand are the chief causes. Sometimes when tanks of a.cid or alkali are being shunted, guards suffer from burns by the acid escaping through the imperfect joint on the top of a tank. In the former kind, scalds and be mere rendering of the part I?volved bltstenng takes place, and may also mvolve the tissue under the skin. If it is only reddening of the the b.uming sensation may be of short or long(.r duratIOn, accordlllg to the intensity of the

AID.- July, 1920,

heat applied in the blistering kind, the pain and burning sensation may be very severe, and so produce shock to the nervous system and may become dangerous if the blisters get burst and some septic matter becomes em bedded in the soft flesh before first aid has been given to the injury. Much the same results may be rec,:ived in the latter case, but are much more dangerous.

First aid consists in excluding the air. In burns or scalds of the first degree, merely rubbing on a little cold oil or tallow will do: but in the second and third degree, carron oil poured over the part burned, and then made air· tight by having lint saturated with carron oil, or carbolic oil, wound round the part, as in the hand or foreman, or laid over it in other cases then oiled silk placed over the lint or cotton wool, and this again held in place by a bandage, will be beneficial until the patient has been taken to a doctor. In the case of acid, if chalk or whiting happens to be handy, spriukling on a plentiful supply so as to neutralise the acid will probably be best; but if not, then "drowning" it with plenty of cold water will be quite as good. In alkalies, a solution of vinegar is generally used in the factories where such accidents are expected, but may not be obtainable in such an accident on the railway j then recourse must be made to a fixed oil or fat, and ·failing this, plenty of water, as in the acid case.

(8) A guard standing on the ground after giving the engine driver the signal to proceed, and waiting on the van to come up. t? where he is (it may be travelling quicker than he antIcIpated), catches the handrail and gets such a jerk possibly an arm is dislocated. Here we have pain, swelling, loss of power, and fixity where there ought to be movement, and deformity.

First aid. will be to the. arm in whichever positIOn arm IS found ; H by the SIde of the body then it should be securE.d with bandages to the body. If it happened be doubled up instead of straight, then a coat wound mto a round bundle and placed between the arm and the body, and the whole secured by bandages would be quite good until patient had seen a doctor. No attem pt should be made to replac e a dislocation. If the pain becomes excessive before has been attended to by a doctor, then hot fomentations over the inj ured joint will give some measure of relief.

As a ge?eral statement ?f first prevent the injury from becommg worse, alleViate pam, make all bandaging t e mporary, take no responsibility of treating any case, but take all to or send for a doctor to treat the case unless it is something trivial, and there is no danger attached to it.

American Red Cross First Aid Instruction.

By DR. EDWARD R. HUNTER Director, Bur e au of First Aid, American Red Cross, Washington, D.C.

(Continued from page I87.)

CLASSES. _

THE primary First Aid course consists of ten lectures and demonstrations of one and one-half hours each' a total of fifteen h.ours Shorter lectures be given at the discretIon of the IDstructor, and for the convenience of the members of the class, provided the fifteen hours are made up by increasing the num ber of lectures.

July, 19 20 -FIRST

Classes may be formed of individual members of communities, in social or other organisations, in schools and in every industry. Arrangements for organising classes are made with the nearest America.n Red Cross Chapter, the First Aid Committ 7e which furnishts mation about the course and ass1sts m every way

It is desired that a class be small rather than large, as individual instructions in practical work must be given each student. A class does not have less than four, nor more than 25 members. A class of ten or fifteen is considered a desirable size. The minimum age limit is sixteen years, except schools wher e the age .limit be .lowtr. Membership 10 the Red Cross, whIle deSIrable, 1S n o t obligatory. class elects a to handle the funds bf the class, and represent it in all business.

Class instructors must be physicians who are graduates of recognised medical schools and who have received the degree of Doctor of. Medicine. and examiners should be 10 good standmg w1th their local or state medical society. The class may nominate its instructor, subject to the approval of the Chapter, or the Chapter will assign the instructor, if the class so desires. When sending in the name of a physician for instructor, it is necessary to furnish the physician's full name and address, the name of the medical college from which he graduated and the year of graduation. If the physician's credentials are found to be satisfactory, an appointment card will be sent to him, unless he is already a First Aid instructor, and the class secretary will be notified of his assignment to the class.

A blank Class Roll is sent to the secretary at the time the secretary is notified of the instructor's assignment. The Class Roll is completed by th e secretary in accordance with the directions of the form, and is forwarded to the Chapter (together with the class fees) before the third lecture is given.

Any charge that may be made by th e class instructor is a matter to be arranged between him and the class. The Red Cross approves of instructors donating such time as they may b e able to give to First Aid work, or of making a reasonable for instructing the classes, but it prefers not to give advice relative to the amount of such fees. In addition to a charge for instruction, if any, a regular feE of So cents (0'50 dols.) is charged each student. This fee covers the expense to the Red Cross for stationary and postage, and general supervision of the work. A check or post-office money-order, made payable to the American Red Cross, in a sum sufficient to cover the charge of 50 cents. (0'50 dols.) for each student, is forwarded to the Chapter (together with the Class Roll) before the third lecture is given, In the larger Cha!Jters, where general classrooms may be maintained, it may be nec e ssary to make a charge greater than 50 cents (0'50 dols.) in order to cover the additional overhead expense to the Chapter, but where this is done the class should benefit by the improved class room facilities provided.

Where the Chapt e r cannot provide a gentral classroom, it will assist the class in every way possible to secure a suitable meeting place. While not obligatory, it is recommended that each student of the class obtain a copy of the "American Red Cro <s Textbook on First Aid." This book is in several e ditions-General, Women's, Industrial, Miners', For e ign, Police, Firemen's, and Railway. It is recommend e d that tach class have an Instruction Outfit, which consists Of(I2 triangular bandages, 12 roller bandages of assor ted sizes, 4 wooden

AID -

splints, 2 U.S. Army tourniquets, 6 First Aid outfits, 2 doz e n large safety pins. The class should also have a set of anatomical charts and a set of First Aid charts. The anatomical charts illustrate the following :-Chart 1., The Skeleton Chart II, The Muscles; Chart Ill., The Schem e of Systematic Circulation, in three colours· Chart IV., Fractures and Dislocations; Chart V., and Points of Pressure for Controlling Hremorrhages in two colours. The series of First Aid Charts consists of sixteen, i!lustrative of the following :-Charts 1. and II., Fractures Charts IlL, IV. and V, Bandaging Charts VI. and VII., Wounds ; Cha.rts VIII. and l X, Bleeding Charts X, and X I, DrowOlng Charts XII. and XIIl., Electrical Shocks; Charts X IV. and XV" Carrying Chart X VI., Puisoning and its Treatment.

The class instructor may txamine the class. At least two weeks before the date set for the examination, the class S e cretary advises the Chapter of the time when the lectnres will be completed, and requests that a blank Examination RE.cord form be sent to the instructor. The names of the students are entered on the Examination Record as they appear on the Class Roll. Only those students who have attended at least eighty per cent. of the lectures are eligible for examination, and it is the duty of the class Secretary to k eep a record of attendance in order to determine this. No student who has failed to pass an examination is eligible for furth e r examination until another full course of instruction is taken.

Certificates are issued to students who have attended at least eighty per cent. of the lectures and have obtained an average of seventy-five per cent. or more in the examination. Certificatss are written from the names as they appear on the Clas'5 Roll; therefore, it is important that the names be typed or printed on the latter exactly as it is desired to have th em appear in the c ertificates.

(To be continued.)

eueries and J\nswers to eot'respondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the jollowing rutes ;-

T.-Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner oj the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2.-A ll Queries must be accompanied by a" Query Coupon" cut from the current issue oj the Journal, or in case oj Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

_ The Textbook, to which re;erence may be made in ,hire {o/tmms, is the Revised (I9I9) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of FiJst-Aid.

CA R BOLlC ACID fOISONING.

C. C. (Edmonton) -Failing Epsom Salts, woul? Magnesia and Table Salt, if available, bp. of assistance In a case of Carbolic Acid Poisoning?

Both are mild alkaline remedies which (though they lack tlte sjecz';7c action to Sulphate of Salts, i.e., Magnesium Sulphate ) mIght be some sel:vlce. Further, while sonJe might choose Salt Chlonde !, bewuse .'t might also make patient vomlt-a act WIth ,Car bolIc Acid according to certain Answer .ID Apnl issue)-yet I think that from the Flrst-Azd stalldpoillt Magnesia (Magn esium Oxide) be rr:ore serv,lc eabJe it forms insoluble compounds WIth mIneral aCids" oxalIc aCId and salts of mercury, arsenic and copper. Hence Its value as

-FIRST

an antidote for these substances; but zl must be gz"ven freely a nd i n lar,ge quantities.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

ARTERIAL BLEEDING AND BURNS OF HAND.

N. S. (Hamilton).-In a recent competition I had to treat a man with arterial bleeding from palm and extensive burns of wrist and hand due to breaking of a bottle of ammonia.

I found that the other competitors differed from me by applying pressure on radial and ulnar arteries, whereas put pressure on the brachial (immediately by flexion at the elbow and later by tourniquet) on account of ,he burns and possibly blisers, which might easily be broken. I to the doctor afterwards but failed to get any satisfaction; and I shall welcome your crIticism because 1 followed your advice and kept strictly to the Textbook.

On your statement I favour your treatment becaus'! the burns involved wrist as well as hand. No harm could result especially as you relaxed pressure as soon as bleeding controlIed. -N. C. F.

ERRORS IN THE TEXTEOOK,

J. C. (Tufnell Park). -Accepting your invitation of June last t? tabulate errors in the Textbook I note (I) that the four different (p.p' , 147, 157 twice, and (86) for performance of artificial respiration are a profound muddle' (2) that on p. I I 4 oil is advised for Stings of Plants, &c. ; ( 3) that on p. 116 a fomentation is still described as "lint soaked in hot consequent risk of - adding a to the ; and (4 ) that on p. 118 with Abdominal Wound (Intestines protruding ) the fomentation is to oU,t of b?I1ing ",:ater every two or three mInutes -an Instruction which you have designated " Meddlesome First-Aid " by reason of added Shock due to exposure of bowel to air every two or three minutes. Please complete the series for the education of all of us. use of,oils with stings can hardly be called an error though It does not harmonise with the elsewhere In the Textbook as to the prevention of sepsis with and wounds. Further to your list you will find (1) that with FO,relgn B,ody in Eye the Textbook ( forgetful of its own emphatIc warnIng on p. 21 ) tells you to "call the doctor" ( Rule 116) and a lso to "take patient to_ doctor" ( Rule 5, p. I I7 ) (- ) on p. 142 the reference to Fractured Cranium IS wrongly as p. 49 instead of p. 51 ( 3) that on p. 149 in Treatment of Fits, Rule 6 tollows upon Rule 3 of p. I47 and finally (4) that with Burns, the Textbook Itself on p. 20 7 recommends you to soak adherent clothing in oil!

Between us, therefore" suspect that (a s you suggested in your June ,QJery about we have provided further pOints for correctl?n (ad,dItlonal to the list already acknowledged and alas ! Inci udlllg two others peculiar lu elItlon ) the next meeting of the Committee of Revi. slon MeanwhIle we Will wait and see! !-N. C. F.

FRACTURED JAW AND BLEl£DING.

E. N. Canada).-With reference to No. Ind ivldu?-l In the Inter-Railway Preliminary Competition

III FIRST AID issue, p. I67 ), I am somewhat diffident CrIticism) a?out using the test in my w,ork as First-Aid Instructor I have submitted my difficulty to your Judgment. Briefly, this is whether or no a patient With a fractured jaw could "bite on hard substance Over cotton wool in socket."

,While I ag:ee that patient m£f{ht not be able (or anxious) to bite on plug In socket, yet I fail to see how else such a case

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

TfJ be cut (Jut and enclosed with all Queries JULY, I92o.

AID. - July, 1920.

could be treated. As a fact, compression of tooth socket would be exerted by pressure of bandage which controls the fractured jaw. So there would be little or no risk of aggravation of fracture. Further, if adverse criticism does arise, then disclose the source of the test and refer your cri tics to the allth )rs thereof, - N. C. F.

FRACTURES OF CL AVICLE AN D H UM E

A. H. (Sheffield ) welcomes our op inion on the treatment of Fractures of Clavicle and Humerus, both injuries on same side.

Absence of detail and lack of attention to "Surroundings " render an answer incomplete, because it limits us to the mechanical part of treatment. The fractured humerus is presumably the more serious injury and demands priOlity in treatment. So deal with this fracture in the ordinary way with splints and bandages; then fix in position an axillary pad ( unless specially contra indicated ) and in place of the small (or St. John) arm-sling use a broad bandage to bind elbow and forearm to body. By thus keeping forearm at right angles to arm, you avoid risk of aggravating fractured arm while you promote control of broken clavicle.-N. C. F.

A. A. ( N.W,).- There is not usually any delay in issuing of the Long Service Medal. Perhaps you claim has not been put forward properly.

G. S. ( E. 16).- We quite sympathi s e with you, unfortunately there are many more member of the Bri g ade in a similar position. Mr. Churchhill stated in the House of Commons on the 22nd of June that tne question of aw a rding a medal for servi c e at home durin g the w a r would receive further consideration as Soon as the preparation a nd issue of the War Medal was more advan ced. He could not, however, makf'! any prom se of a favourable de c is io n.

Consistently Successful

The IncreaSIng number of medical men who prescribe Hall's Wine shows that its rep \ltation of nearly thirty -years is established upon its worth.

I t is the prescription of a medical man and is consistently sllccessful in cases of nervous br e akdown , and when the powers of resistance to disease are weakened throug h illness or overstr a in.

Sports injuries

bruises, sprains, stiff and swollen joints yie1d readily to treatment with IODEX.

In the treatment of stiffness, soreness and conditions arising from vigorous exercise, IODEX is superior to liniments and em brocations.

The ready absorption of IODEX secures deep penetration of its free Iodine which quickly reduces swelling or inflammation, relieves pain, and aids the restoration to normal action.

IODEX does not blister, harden or stain the skin, and may be

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Everyone eng aged in F IRST AID work should take up ne above Courses at once

A member 01 S J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deep ly indebted tor th e courses of instruction received, have often wan ted to take su ch courses but could never find where to get such." (T . B.)

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- AND THE -

S T. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 314.-VOL. XXVII. AUGUST , 1920.

C

OMPETITION commences 2 p.m prompt. The "Carrington " r::hallenge Cup and other valuabl e prizes will b e c ompeted for. Flower Show and Sports-.£80 in pri zes G.C. and M.R. railways to Mansfield. Char-a-bancs leav e Mansfield every half-hour.-For further particulars and entry form s a pply 11 r. J. Spaulton, Hon. Sec., 27, North -av e nu e , Rainw o rth, :vIansfield or Mr. E. Cresswell, Sec Sports a n d Show, Ra1J1worth, near Mansfield

IRELAND COLLIERY DIVISION, S.J A B.

'l-'HE Second Annual Ambulance Competition will be held -'- on Saturday, August 28th, 1920, when pri zes will be given, VI Z , 1st, £ 3 and the" Naylor" Cup; 2nd, '£2; 3rd,.£1 lOS. An efficient b a nd will be in attendance.-C. W , H uds o n, Ra l ph -ro a d, N etherthorpe-, near Chesterfield.

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NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the :Joth 01 each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and al so welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily I'or publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46 , CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4·

Telegraphi c Address: "Twentv-jour, London." Telephone No. 5177 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

THE pOSItiOn in the future of the Future of the Voluntary Aid Detachments In relaV,A.Ds. tion to the Territorial Force was considered at some length at a meeting of the North Riding Territorial Association last month , It was agreed that it was desirable that these detachments should remain as part of the Technical Reserve of the Tfmitorial Army. We quite agree with this decision, for it must be borne in mind that the Voluntary Aid Detachments were originally formed to supplement the medical services of the Territorial Army in case of invasion, but the late war changed the whole status of their original organi sation Now that the Territorial Force is being re·c..rganise d on a peace basis it is essential that the V.A. D should b e the supplementary medical service, as was originally intended.

At the present moment recruiting for the T e rritorial For ce is not proceeding a s well as the authorities anticipated, t his is no d oubt d ue to the reaction after the war, but we un der st a n d th at a campaign is to be opened in the autum n to bri n g t h e u n its up to the required strength. If

it is then decided to incorporate the V.A.Ds. as a Technical Reserve, we think that they should be placed in all respects as regards pay, etc., on the same footin g as the Territorials.

Just prior to th e great war the Territorials were undergoing training in Brigades. We see no reason why the V A.Ds. should not undergo their training at the same time and thus form complete units in eve ry respect. From the V A D.s' point of vi ew, they would have an opportunity of b eing engaged in the actual work for whic n th ey were originally organis ed, and at the sam e time the work would be of much more interest than training as isolat ed Detachments.

Of recent months many schemes have been formulated for employing V. A. D 's. in civ ilian life, but up to the present, we must confess, that they have not made much progress; this is a great pity, because many of the members are losing all interest in the organisation and it is time something was done, in order to keep together the wonderful body which was built up as a result of the war, which we feel sure can now be used to great advantage to the general commun ity, if onl y the authori ties will come to a head with their schemes.

" Heath" Cup Competition.

THE annual competItIOn for the "Heath " Ambulance Challenge Cup took place in the Technical Schools on July 24th, at Barrow-in-Furnace.

Messrs Vickers' Naval Construction team were successful in scoring 253 points, an advantage of IS points over th eir nearest rivals-the team from the gain ed 238 points.

Messrs Vickers' team also supplied the individual winner in W. Uren, whose points were 100 per ce nt.

Apart from the challenge cup which, of course goes to the Vicke rs' team, each individual me mber of the team received a handsome rose bowl. The Steelworks t eam coming second, also received prizes.

No. Distric.t COyE\T1SSIONER;

\"l. H. WIN"NY, O.B.E.

-FIRST A I D.- August, I920.

Grand of the Order of thc }{ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Snglugd. .\,\!HULANCE DEPARTMENT. St. John ..Ambulance Srigadl!. DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. September, ]920. Sunday, 5th. - No. 78 Division, Enfield. ]2th. -No.79 " G.E.C. " ]9th.-No.80 " Stoke Newington. " 26th.-No. 22 Hospital Saturday Fund.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. UNIFORM.

The following information is issued for the Officers cont'!rned Neckties.-Patterns for Officers of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions have now been sealed, and Neckties can be obtained from the Stores Department, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. I, as follows :-

For Superior, D istrict, Corps, and Officers of Ambulance Divisions (black silk ), 4S. each.

For Superior, District, Corps, and Officers of Nursing Diyisions (black crepe-de-chine ), 35, rd each.

NEW DIVISIONS.

The following new divisions have now been formed ;No. 84 (Twi ckenham ) Division, Supt. Capt. J. E. Palmer. No. 49 ( G ard en Suburb) Division, Mrs. Irwin, Member-inChar g e.

SERVICE MEDALS.

Members of the Brigade to whom the Service Medals has been awarded, will be notified as soon as possible when a presentation will be made. Considerable delay is being expr.rienced owing to the fact that the makers are unable td supply. As soon as the medal has been sanctioned, however, a certifi cate together with a piece of Service Medal Ribbon is sent to the member, which he is entitled to wear on his Brigade Uniform.

INSPECTION OF DIVISIONS.

The Com missioner has arranged that for the purpose of keeping Ambulance Divisions in closer touch with Headqua r ters that A111bulance Divisions of the District shall be grouped into three sections to be under the immediate charge for purposes of inspection of Assi$tant Commissioners S. H. Vilven, Dr. John Carvell, M. B.E., and Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, M D. These officers will visit Divisions from time to time and be ready to give advice to officers in charge reporting afterwards to the Commissioner the result of their visits. The Commissioner, however; will be very glad when possible to attend any Divisional function such as Church parade, social gathering, etc., at which his attendance may be desired.

STARS ON SERVICE MEDAL RIBBON.

To members who have been awarded the bar to service medal a piece of ribbon with a star for each bar has been issued. Applications have been received for extra ribbon with stars. It is hoped that arrangements can be made for their

issue th rough the Stores Department of the .St. John Ambulance Association. Particulars as to cost will be announced later.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publIcation of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

No. 2 District.

GLOUCESTER.-The annual church parade of the members of the City of Gloucester and Wagon Works Divisions and the Red Cross Detchment was held on Sunday evening, August 15th, at St. Margaret's was .a capital in all about 80 men. The CIty DIVISIon was tn charge of E Irst Officer J. Smith and Sergt. G. Jackson, Divisional Supt.; W. Palmer and Sergt. J. E. Palmel led the Wagon Works Division and Quartermaster H. T. Shewell the Red Cross detachmen't. Headed by the Wagon Works Silve:.- Band, the men marched from the Spa to the church, where special arrangements had been made for their accommodation. There was a larg-e congregation. -r:he service taken by the Rev. W. Pritchard, and the RIght Rev. BIshop Frodsham read the lessons and also preached the sermon.

Speaking of the origin of both organisati.ons, Bishop Fr<?dsham said that the Red Cross was comparatlvely a new thing. It originated in Geneva in. r866 as a of relief societies in different countnes for the amehoratlon of the conditions of wounded soldiers in time of war.

The Order of Sr. John of Jerusalem was almost a thousand years old. I n the year 1048, the year perhaps in which Alfred Bishop of Worcester was bl11ldmg the crypt of Gloucester Cathedral, some I talian merchants founded a hospital for pilgrims in Jerusalem. When the first army of the crusaders fifty years later reached the Holy City they found the hospital in full working order.

"Thc City of Gloucester," concluded the BIshop, " should be proud of these two organisations of public spirited men, who are moved by the spirit of self-sacrifice and helfulness-the Christ spirit. It is a matter for civic congratulation that seventeen young men have received certificates of proficiency in last few days and have banded themselves under the white cross of St. John. Many were railwaymen. again was a matter of public value, for except perhaps the polIce no body of men have greater opportunities of saving life by their knowledge of first aid than the railwaymen."

No. 4 District.

BLACKPOOL DIVISION.-We regret to hear that Superintendent Gosling after 33 years service with the Division has retired from the active ltst of the Brigade. At a well-attended meeting of the Division held on July 19th, an interesting presentation took place to Superintendent Gosling. Superintendent Thomas Donnelly presided, and he had the support of District Surgeon L. G. S. Molloy, Divisional·Surgeon R. Findlay, Ambulance-Officer G. Wilson (secretary), AmbulanceOfficer J. Hartley with the recipient.

Dr. Molloy, in making the presentation of a solid silver cigarette box, paid a high tribute to the excellent services rendered by Supt. Gosling for so many years in connection with ambulance work at Blackpool.

Mr. Gosling in thanking the members for their expression of appreciation referred to the work of the Division during his long association with it, he always had the loyal support of the members, and he would have many pleasant recollections of the times he had with them. He referred to the time of the South African War when 33 members of this .Division went to South Africa at the call of Headquarters.

Proceeding, Mr. Gosling said that although he had resigned

August, 19 20

-FIRST

the Superintendency he did .not intend t? leave the as he was put on the ltst, he 1l1tended to. assIst the Division in its splendId work 111 any way he possIbly could. He wished the members a bright and successful future, .and thanked one and all for the beautiful present they had gIven hinl.

CHORLRY.-Special performances in aid of the Ambulance. and Nursing Divisions were given at the Royal Theatre on July 29th and 30th

Mr. W. Howarth said the management had been pleased to grant the use of the Theatre both nights for that worthy object. bl Superintendent Ashley brIefly mtroduced Colonel TrIm e, and referred to him as " the grand old man" of the Ambulance Brigade-Commissioner of the Distri.ct. ."

Colonel Trimble, who was cordIally receIved, said: He wished to thank the Directors of thp. Company for the kind assistance that had been given to MISS Cuff by plac111g the Theatre at her disposal w.ith a yi.ew to money for her Ambulance Division, and 111 addItIOn to raIse funds to help to carryon the work of a very big district..

Colonel Trimble said he was first assocIated WIth ambula nce work in r882 so that he had been engaged in it a lengthy " d Id "f period. I t was flatterIng to be th.e grar, o. man 0 the Association, but he had the satIsfactIon of he was engaged in a good work. He was t.o form. a fund to enable him to carry out the work of hIS dlstnct, which included Lancashire, Cheshire, 'Westmoreland and Cumberland, a part of I reland an.d the I sle of Man. There were 300 l:lnits, two of whIch were In Ambulance and the Nursing Division. I t was qUIte ImpossIble to c.arry on without paid clerical and. he ,,:\'as greatly.obhg.ed for the encouragement gIven that evenmg tn connectIOn WIth the local eftort.

No. 5 District.

About 700 members of the. District spent a week under canvas at Bhckpool this month T?e officers and n:en, were are under the command of CommISSIoner S. W. Malk1l1:

On detraining the men, with their bands, parade In of the station where the Mayor extended to them a cordIal welcome to Blackpool, and expressed the h.ope have fine weather so that they rnig-ht combme their with pleasure. He had, he said, many reasons fo! the work done by the St. John Ambulance ASSOCIatIOn because he had himself been associated with it.

Ald. Collins joined his good wishes with those of the Mayor, and expressed the hope they would .have a very happy stay in Blackpool. He a warm to the excellent services of the local DIVISIon of the ASSOCIatIOn both in civilian life and in warfare, and said they bad every reason to be proud of the work. He thought that the war, unfortunate as it was had shown the value of ambulance work and of the men wh; voluntarily gave their time and service for the good of mankind.

Commissioner Malkin thanked the Nlayor and Ald. Collms on behalf of the contingent, and said they felt that the Mayor had found time to await their arrival and gIve them a welcome.

On August 2nd Commissioner Malkin an? .the officers at the invitation of the Mayor and Mayoress, VISIted the Town Hall where they were cordially received.

We hope to publish a full report of the camp In our next Issue.

No. 9 District.

130DMIN.-The members of the Bodmin Division held first annual outing on July 23rd, when they journeyed by chara-a-banc to Bude on the North Cornwall coast. I n spIte of the rather stormy a most enjoyable day was spent, the afternoon being devoted to boating on the canal.

This Diyision was reformed at the end of last year after a

AI D.- 1 9

lapse of several years due to the war and the major.ity of the members only passed their First Aid test at the begInning of the year. They are rendering invaluable assistance to the hospitals in the wide district they serve with their motor ambulance. They have entered two competitions this year and obtained second place in the competition for the « AgarRobartes" mid-Cornwall shield

Memorandum Regarding R.A.F. Nursing Service Pattern Badges. of

IT is notified for information that new patterns of uniform and hat badges for the R.A F. Nursing Service have been approved.

These bages are as under ;-

For wear with outdoor unifrm :-Winged Cacuctus of Mercury Badge, surmounted by a crown, made in "all crilt. "

b For wear with mess dress :-Winge d Caduceus Badge, as for wear with outdoor uniform, but with silver wings. position of these badges will be as follows :-

Outdoor Uniform.-

(a). On the lapel of the Norfolk coat. The bottom edge of the badge to be one inch above the inner end of the step, opening on the collar of the coat.

The staff of the badge to be parellel to the inside edge, and midway between the inside and outside edge of th '" collar.

(b). On the shoulder cape.- The staff of the badg e to be placed diagonally on the front corners of the cape and the turn of the band.

Mess Dress.-As at (b) above.

The above patterns of badges will be as from as ftOm 1St September, 1920, and in the meantlme badges of th" old pattern should not be made. ".

The new pattern badges can be seen on appllcatlOn to E.4.C. Air Ministry, W. C. 2.

Hat Badge.-

The R A. F.N.S. metal badges and black bow in front of the hat have been abolished, and Instead, the of the R A F N.S. will wear the same hat as the cfficers of the RA.F., with a plain black mohaIr band.

G. YOUNG, Squadron Leader for D. of E. E.4·C. July 30th, 19 20 •

The first meeting of the Devon Joint Committee of the British Red Cross Society and Order of. St: John the co-ordination of voluntary nursiI?g SimIlar service tl held a t Exeter when Sir NapIer Burnett gave was recen y , P 1 an interesting address. He stated there were 21. oor: aw fi D e von wl'th I 4.8 beds, r 9 or 20 mfectIOus In rmanes 111 'T '1 diseases hospitals with 469 a.nd 40 voluntary CIV.I hos itals, including dispensanes, WIth J, 160 T.hls made a total of 80 hospitals, 3, beds, representmg 4 44 beds for each 1,000 of the populatIOn.

When corresponding with Advertise rs please mentic;H1 "First Aid "

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE UAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette.

JULY, 19 20

The Chief Commission er has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 20 (Hampstead) Division.-Sergt. Christopher Murray

Fowler to be Ambulance Officer, 17.7.20.

No. 42 (Barnet) Division.-Sergt. Walter Wright to be Ambulance Officer, 14.7.20.

No. 72 (Barking) Division.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. F. G. Gibbons resigned, 27.7.20.

NO.7 (Toynbee Hall) Division.-Ambulance Officer A. W.

Newton to be Divisional Supt., J7.7.20, vice Supt. J. A. S.

Coleman resigned.

No. 19 (South Metropolitan Gas Co.) Division.-" A" Section).-W. W. King Brown, M.B., B.S., M.RC.P., L.RC.P. ,to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.7.20 vice Divisional Surgeon A. A. Ward resigned.

"B)' Section. -Graham Hogg Carnett, M.D.Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.7.20.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

City of Bristol Corps (J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd., Division ).-

1st Class Sergt. Thomas George Nickless to be Honorary Ambulance Officer, 9.7.20.

City of Bristol Corps (Pack ers Division).-Sergt. Stanley Sargant to be Ambulance Officer, 97.20.

City of Bristol Corps (Lysaght Division).-Cor-pl. Myron

Richard Fair to be Ambulance Officer, 9.7.20.

Oxford Corps (City of Oxford Nursing Division).-Miss

Hilda Rose to be Lady Divisional Supt., 9.7.20.

Portsmouth Ambulance Division.-Sergt. Harry George Thomas Louch to be Ambulance Officer, 20.6.20, vice Ambulance Officer W. Manistre resigned, 6.6.20.

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (City Division).-Divisional Supt. P. Cohen, C.B.E., resigned, 27.7.20.

Birmins-ham Corps \Kynoch Division).-Divisional Supt.

S. Nutt resigned, 27.7.20.

Birmingham Corps (N elson Street Division).-Divisional Surgeon J. W. Duncan resigned, 13.7.20, and transferred to the Reserve, 24.7.20.

Birmingham Corps Division).-David Haitly Burn, M.D., M.B., C.M, to be Dlvlslonal Surgeon, 12.7. 20 vice T. Walsh, M.R.C.S., resigned.

Blrmmgham Corps (Headquarters Division).-Edward Wlillam Parsey, M.A., M.B., B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon 12·7·20.

Dudley and District Corps.-Divisional Supt. Charles OII!s to b.e Corps Supt., 23.6.20, vice Corps Supt. C. H. Raybould reSIgned, 20.4.20.

I:ye Dlvision.-Ambul.ance Officer Benjamin Dunn to be DlVlslOnal Supt., 14.7.20, VIce J. Stacey resigned

Hon. Sergt. Percy H. Schofield to be Ambulance Officer J4·7·20. East Warwickshire Corps (City of Coventry Nursmg Dlvlslon ).-D. Holmes, M.B., M.RC.S.) to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.7.20.

Nursing Sister Mary Pakes to be Nursing Officer, 2.7.20. North East Warwickshire Corps (Three Spires Nursing Division ).- Nursing Sister Mrs. Emillin Longbotham to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.7.20.

Olney Division.-Ulvisional Supt. W. T. Knight, resigned, 13. 7.20, and transferred to the Reserve.

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Corps ( Birkenhead Nursing Division ).- Nursing Officer Fanny Kaberry to be Lady Divisional Supt., 6.7. 20, vice Mrs. Williams promoted.

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Denaby Main Collieries (Denaby Division). -Se rgt. John W. Hewitson to be 1st Class Sergt., 30.7.20. Sergt. Robert C. White to be 1st Class Sergt., 30.7.20. Warsop Corps (Welbeck Colliery

Surgeon and Supt. Hubert Wolstenholme Horan, M.B., B.S., to be Corps Surgeon, 6.7.20.

Pte. Eric Percival Wliliam Muschamp to be Divisional Supt., 6.7.20.

Pte. George Woodlands to be Ambulance Officer, 6.7.20.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Hull Corps ( Whickham Division ). -Sergt. John Orr to be 1st Class Sergt., 1-7.20.

Corps Surgeon J. G. McWillie resigned, 13.7.20.

Pte. Henry Davison Smith to be Honorary Ambulance Officer, 10.7.20.

Corpl. Roland Stewart to be Honorary Ambulance Officer, 12.7. 20

Pte Charles W. Scott to be Honorary Ambulance Officer, 13. 6 20

Hull Corps (De-la-Pole Division).-Corpl. A. Daulton to be Ambulance Officer, 17.6.20.

Pte. J. H. Allgood to be Ambulance Officer, 18.6.20.

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Worfield Nursing Division. -Nursing Sister Mrs. Annie Wilson to be Nursing Officer, 8.7.20.

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Ashford Town Division.-Divisional Supt. G. M. Mather resigned, 24.7.20.

Guildford Nursing Division.-Miss Ethel Deane to be Lady DivisIOnal Supt., 5.7.20, vice Lady Supt. Mrs. Lankester resigned, I. 1.20.

Ramsgate Town Division.-Divisional Surgeon and Supt. R. J. Archlbald resigned, 24.7.20.

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Newton Abbot Corps.-Divisional Surgeon James J Scarse, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 5.7.20, vice Corps Surgeon G. Johnson deceased.

N 11:W DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned and disbanded:

No. 3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (City Tra.mways Division). Sanctioned 2"/.7.20.

August, 19:20. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 21

No.6 DISTRICT.

Gateshead Borough Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 12.7. 20

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Worthen and Marton Division.-Disbanded, J 3·7.20. Broughton Division.-Disbanded, 13.7. 20 Pontesbury Section. -Disbanded, 13-7. 20

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Leiston Division.-Disbanded, 16.7. 20.

DEATHS.

No.6 DISTRICT.

Divisional Surgeon D. D. Henegan, South Hetton Colliery Division.-Reported 17.7. 20.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Corps Surgeon G. Johnson, Newton Abbot Corps.-Reported, 5.7. 20

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerke n well, London, E.G., Aug. 4th, I920.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England ;-

As Knight of Justice (from Knz"ght of Grace) ; The Lord Queenborough.

As CJzaplatn,'

The Rev. James Black, O.B.E.

As Knz'ght of Grace:

The Honourable William Malcolm Hailey, C.S.I., C.I.E.

As Esquire:

Edward Dyce Duckworth.

As Honorary Serving Brothers

Alfred Gelsthorpe Osborn, M. B.

Francis Frederick Le Sovef Simpson.

Daniell McColl) M.B.

Arthur Barnes Gibson.

James Joseph Chase.

Frederick Port way Wilson.

James Dyson Howarth,

Robert Laurence Randall.

James Trimble.

Joseph Stones

Captain and Quartermaster George Gerhold, RA. M.C.

Gilbert Omerod.

Wllliam Entwistle. Richard Ashton.

As Honorary Serving- Sisters:

The Hon. Clarice Margaret Rende!.

Ada Mary, Mrs. Aubrey Withers.

Adela, Mrs. Cottle, C.B.E.

Winifred, M iss Hall.

Ylargaret Georgina, Miss Ommanney.

Alice Ann, Miss Hastings.

Elizabeth, Mrs. Le May.

Mary Jane, Mrs. Craig.

As Honorary Associates:

Major Francis Thompson Colby (from Donat).

Allan Douglas Cameron, L.RC.P. & S.

Edmund Langley Hunt, C. M.G, L.R.c.P. & Herbert George Tymms, F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Frederick Hamilton Crowdy. M.D., L.R.C.S.E.

Thomas Dunlop, 1I.B., D.P.H.

Captain Harold Emlyn Jones, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., R.A.M C.

William Prince Grant, M.B., M.R.C.S.

William Hamilton Elliott, M.D.

Lieut.-Colonel Henry Christopher Lamport, M.B., R.F.A. (T.F.)

John Walter Corns, L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Ed.

Lieut.-Colonel James Philip Stephens Ward, L.R.C.P. RA.M.C. (T.F. ).

V.A.D. Notes and News.

THE number of requ sitions for the 5elviccs of our Nursing Y.A.D. members received from Ministry of Pensions and Military Hospitals during the past month is 40, and 39 of these requisitions hav<! come from the Pensions Hospitals.

We have appointed 29 nursing members during the month, all these appointments having been made to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals.

Members are not quite so urgently required at present, as the demand for their services is not so great owing to the demobilisation of many of the hospitals.

Members who have not previously served a year in hospitals are appointed to Pensions Hospitals at an initial salary of £25 per annum, instead of £3 0

The position of the General Service Department has changed very little during the past few months.

Occasional requisitions still have to be fulfilled for various home hospitals! and at the moment no further requisitions for hospitals overseas are .anticipated.

We should like to draw attentIOn to the followmg changes of address ;-

The Central V.A.D. Hostel has been removed from 74, Eccleston-square to 63, St. George's-.square.

The V.A.D. Hostel for ScholarshIp Students at 30, Prince's Gate is closed, but we can advise as to other possible hostels at which accommodation could be had.

The V,A.D. Hospital at 34, Nottingham-place has also been closed but arrangements have been made for the reception of at other London hoipitals.

We hope to b? able to give interesting details the work which has been done through the Scholarship Department, and at the V. A. D. Hospitals, in future issues ,A the J oumal.

The members of the Halifax Nursing Division were responsible for the ambulance arrangements at a (ete held on J uly

Resuscitation ' From Electric Shock.

THE following notes are taken fmm Resuscitation from Electrz"cal Shock, a pamphltt based on resolutions of the Th ird Resuscitation Commission (consis ting of American and Canadian experts in physiology, medicine and electricity-who met in New York on May 19th, 1918), issued by the Canadian Electrical Association (12, Adelaide-street, E. Toron to), and forwarded to me through the thoughtful consideration of an esteemed correspondent-G. C. M. (Fort William, Canada). The extended use of elect ricity, its potent and urgent dang er s, and our comparative ignorance of correct treatmznt (especially the b est method of artificial respiration) render the pamphlet so valuable that I am pleased to accept the invitation of th e publishers and to reproduce in these columns the most important parts of its contents.

Emphasis is laid on the established facts that accidental e lectric shock does not usually kill at once that it may only stun the victim and for a while stop the breathing and that it is not lik e ly to be immediately fatal becau;e the conductors may make only a brief and imperfect contact with the body while the skin-if dry-offers som e resistance to the current. Further, one most interesting resolution of the Commission was (I) the seledion of the Prone PresS?lre Method of artificial respiration (i.e., Schafer modifi e d as to (a) position of operator's hands and (b) complete removal of the hands from body with relaxation of pressur e; (2) its recommendation for all cases of Asphyxia due to whatever caus e, combined when possible in cases of gal) asphyxiation with inhalation of oxygen from properly constructed apparatus; (3) its positive indz"cation only when natural respiration has ceas e d (in marked contrast to the muddled instructions of our Textbook); (4) its protttpt adoption on the spot, with emphatic warning against medical or police interference requiring removal of patient to hospital before breathing is restored; (5) its continuous performance in all cases for a minimum period of 4 hours, and especially in cas es of Electric Shock, in which condition life has been restored by artificial means after 3t hours ; and (6) its great advantage over instrumental methods in that no such apparatus OJay be at hand and that reliance on special apparatus diminishes greatly the tendency to train persons in manual methods while it discourages prompt and persevering (use of such methods. Further, with reference to such mechanical devices the Commissi o n postponed any decision for or against any special apparatus and recommended that such be confined to institutions under medical sup e rvision.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR RESUSCITATION.

Follow instructions even if victim appears dead.

I.-FREE VICTIM FROM CIRCUIT IM MEDIATELY

I.·-Quickly release victim from current, being ve ry careful to avoid r eceivz'ng a shock. Use any dry nonconductor (rubber gloves, clothing, wood, rope, &c.) to move either victim or conductor. Beware of using metal or any moist material. If both of victim's hands are grasping live conductors, endeavour to free them one at a time. If possible shut off current. Begin at once and persevere with "Prone Pressure Method" for four hours if necessary or until a doctor has advised that rigor mortis has set in. The victim's loose clothing, if dry, may be used to pull him away do not touch soles or heels of his shoes while

Al n. - August, 19:2 0

he remains in contact-the na.ils ar e dangerous. If possible, 2t Se only om hand; and if bare skin of victim must be touched by your hands, be sure to cover them with rubber gloves, mackintosh, rubber sh ee ting or dry clothing; and stand on a dry board or some other dry insulating surface.

2.-0pen nearest switch, if that is the quickest way to break circuit.

3.-.lf necessary to cut live wire, us e hatchet with dry wooden handle, turning your face away to protect it from e le c t ric flash.

n.-ATTEND TO VICTIM' S BREATHING INSTANTLY.

I.-As soon as victim is clear of live conductor, quickly fee l with your fin!?; er, in his mouth and throat, and remove any foreign body (tobacco, fals e teeth, &c.). if mouth is tightly slwt, pay no attention to thes e instructions until later but immediately begin resuscitation. Patient will breathe through his nose and, after resuscitation has been carried on a short time, his jaws will probably relax and any for e ign body in mouth can then be removed. D@ not stop to loosen clothing; every moment of delay is serious.

2.-La y patient on Ids belly, one arm extended directly ov er he c. d and th e other arm bent at elbow with his face resting on hand or forearm so that nose and mouth are fre e for breathing ,

3.-Kneel, straddlillg patien t 's izips, with knee!'; just below patient's hip bones or openings of trousers pockets. Plac e palms of hands on small of back with fingers resting on ribs, the small finger just touching lowest rib, the thumb alongside fingers and the tips of fingers just out of sight.

4.- With upper limbs held straight, sw ing forward slowly so that the weight of your body is gradually brought to bear upon the patient. This mov e ment should tak e 2 or 3 seconds, and must not be violent lest internal organs be inj ured. The lower part of ch e st and also the abdomen are thus compressed, air is forced out of lungs, the diaphragm is kept in natural motion, other organs are massaged, and the circulation of blood accele rated.

S.-Now immediately swing backward so as to remove pressure completely, thus returning to origin a l position. Through their elasticity the chest walls expand, and. pr essure being removed, the diaphragm descends so that the lungs are supplied with fresh air.

6.-After 2 seconds swing forward ag-ain. Thus repeat deb be rately 12 to IS times a minute the double movement of compression and release - eaclz complete respiration taking- 4 or 5 seconds. If a watch or clock is not visible, follow th e natural rate of your own deep breathing, th 3 proper rate being determined by countingswinging forward with each expiration and backward with each inspiration

7·- As soon as artificial respiraHo1Z lzas been started, and while it is being continued, an assistant should loosen tight clothing about patient's neck, chest and waist, and take steps to keep patient warm. He may also place ammonia near patient's nose, determining safe distance by first trying how near it may be held to his own. He should also hit pati e nt's shoe heels about 20 times with a stick, and repeat this op«:>:ration eve ry 5 minutes until breathing comm ences. Give no liquids whatever until patient is fully conscious.

8.-Con tinu e artifidal respiratz'(m without interruption (if necessary for 4 hours) until breathing is restored.

August, 19 2C • - FIRST AID.-

Cases are on record of success after 31- of effort. The ordinary tests for death are not 10 cases Electric Shock and doctors must be so znformed by you, If necessary.

9.- Keep paNent recumben:t when he revives Do ?ot allow him to get up or ?e rqIsed under any except on adVIce. If doc.tor has not patient when reVIved, should be giv e n som e stImulant such one teaspoonful of sal volatile in a glass of water or a drink of hot ginger, tea or coffee

Io.-Later examine and treat patient for ot/zer injuries, placing him in most comfortable and keeping him thoroughly warm throughout operatIOns.

1 It-Carry out resuscitation at nearest possible point to where accident occurre d. Patient should not b e moved until he is breathing normally of his own volition, and then moved only in a lying position. Should it be necessary (e .g., conditions, &c.), to move patient before. IS breathmg normally, he should be kept in prone pOSitIOn and placed upon a hard surface (e.g-. , door, shutter, floor of conv e yance) resuscitation being continuously carrie d on during removal.

12.-A brief return of spontaneous respiration is a certain indication for term inating treatment. Not .10frequently the temporary recovery of tion, stops breathlOg agaIn. must and. If norma ! breathing stops, artifiCIal respuatIOn must be resumed at once,

IlL-SEND FO R DOCTOR AT EARLIEST MOMENT.

If other persons are pres e nt send one of them a doctor without a moment's d elay. If you are alone With patient, do not neglect the immediate and continue? resuscitation of patient for at least om hour before calhng a doctor to assist in further resuscitation effor ts.

IV.-ApPLY FIRST-CARE OF BURNS QUICKLY.

When natural breathing has been restored, burns, if serious should receive immediate attention while waiting for doctor. A raw or blister e d surface should be prot e ct e d from air. If clothing sticks, do not peel it off-cut round it. Adherent clothing or dressing of cotton or other soft mat;;rial, applied to burned surface, be with picric acid (0'5 p er cent.). If thiS IS nut aval.lable, use a solution of baking soda (2 teaspoonsful to pInt of water); or wound may be coat ed with .of fl..our and water or protected with vaseline, carron 011, ohve or machine oil, if perfectly clean. dreSSIng WIth cotton gauze, lint, waste, clean handkerchIef or .other soft clothe, held tightly in plac e by a bandage. With a. dry, charred burn the same coverings may be used but wzllLOllt wetting the burned ngion or applying oil to it. Do not break blisters.-N C. F.

The Brandon Colliery Division held it first annual char-a-banc trip to Seaton Carew on July qth, when a party of 24 members and friends spent an enjoyable day. A dinner was provided at the Marine Hot e l, Am b Officer G. R. Dobson, J. Blenkinsopp, Sergt. G. H. Hogarth, Instructor W. Abson, being present. The success of the Brigade was proposed by A:-mb: G. R: Dobson, the rest of the day being spent 10 vlsltlng the vanous plac es of in interest. The party returned home about 10 3 0 p.m

The Eisteddfod Ambulance Competitions.

CON SID ERABLE interest was manifested in the Ambulance Comp e titions, which it had been originally intended to hold in the Eisteddfod grounds. The rain, however, n e cessitat e d an alteration in the arrangements, and the High-street Council Schools were commandeered for b e n efit of th e teams. the practical work was of a high order, <md the theoretical tests reveale d in the majority of instances sound a1l-round knowledge born of keen, close study.

The Open Competition for mcn for the Lady Lewis Challenge Cup produced some excellen t demonstrations of the value of First Aid, and the adjudicators found considerable difficulty in between the merits of some of the squads.

Keofig Hill St. John Ambulance Brigade eventually a wa rd ed the trophy with 827 out of a possible I, lOS marks.

The Abertlliery Six Bells team were runners-up with 75 8 marks.

Treharris St. John Am hulance Brigade were placed third with 707 marks.

Fourteen teams entered the tourney for the Lady Bute Challeng e Cup open to women of any society in Wa.les and Monmouthshire holding First Aid Horne NurSlOg Certi fica tes.

In this event the Barry Dock Red Cross (No. 64) detachment scored a popular success, but were cl?sely challenged by the Kenfig Hill St. Tohn Am bulance Bngade (No. I) whose work was generally acknowledged to be of a high order. Tylorstown St. John (No. representative team of the Aberttllery NurSing DlVlSlOn wtre bracket ed for third place,

The adjudicators Col. .Arna}lt Jones, M.D., K.H.S. (Porthcawl, presIdent); lYlajor F T. Rees, M.C., B.Sc. (Cardiff), Dr. R. J. SmIth (CardIff), J?r. Alfred Miles, O.B.E. (Dinas Powis), Dr. Ivor Dav les, l\,LD. (Cardiff), Mr. W. Edmund Thomas, 0 B.E., (Sub-Commissioner of the Ord " r of St. John of Jerusalem, Glamorgan), Dr. Gilbert D. Strachan, M.D. (Cardiff), Dr. W. Kent, Dr. Eccles Smith, O.B.E., and Dr. E. Hernngton Budge (Barry).

In declaring the results the President express'ed the Board's compl ete satisfaction with the work ?f the competitors. The had been surpnsed at the efficiency shown by the leadmg teams.

Dr. W. Edmund Thomas, in supplementing the report, remarked that now th e war wa') over he hoped first aid would grow apace and that South Wales would lead the way in the development.

In seconding a vote of thanks to the adJudicators, NIr. Herbert Lewis (Commissioner of. Wales of the Orde.r of St. John) welcom ed the introductlOn of open t' It was true that in the past the St. John ASSOCIa.tlOn not se en eye to eye with the British R ed Cross SOCIety, b h t · '" had come wh en all troubles of that nature ut t el m", . h d should cease and they should work together hand In an:

Subsequently the successful rec"ived thelr trophies and medals from Mrs. Henry LeWiS.

Brevities.

Mr. A. W. Faire speaking at the opening of the V.A D. Headquarters at Leicester said that when the V.A D.'s scheme was brought out by the War Office. Although the organisation was formed in case of an emergency, in case of an invasion, it was not expected that they would have to go through a terrible war such as had been their experience, but they had proved their worth, and the V.A.D. had come to stay. It was hoped to put the organisation on a different and sounder footing. They were going to continue their work in Leicester and their efforts would be to render their association capable of giving service whenever called upon.

..

At a recent inquest in London it was stated that the patient who had both his legs severed had to be transferred from one stretcher to another in order to convey

him in the L.e.e. Motor Ambulance. In such a case as this, and also in the case of all fractllles it is most undesirable to move a patient more than absolutely necessary. Why is that there is no standardisation of stretchers!

The Priory for Wales of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem has initiated in Cardiff a new scheme which it is felt will be of incalculable benefit to the community. A number of depots are being opened in different parts of Cardiff where medical comforts may be obtained by the sick poor and disabled and discharged soldiers and sailors receiving home treatment. Anyone 10 need is able to obtain hot water bottlts, rubber beds, spinal cages and wheel chairs on hire at a very nominal cost.

The P,iory of Wales has been fortunate in being able to secure at a very low price medical equipment left on the closing down of various hospitals, hence the creation of the organisation, before patients can take advantage of the scheme they have to obtai::: a coupon from a medical man.

An inquiry from a correspondent raises once more the question of a medal for home service. While members of the Brigade who went Overseas may be eligible, for both the British War Medal and the Victory Medal, those who served at home, many of them against their wish, get neither. Is nothing going to be done to commemorate their equally-devoted service to the sick and wounded. Mr. Churchill keeps shelving the decision on this subject in the House of Commons. It does not seem to us fair play.

*' *' *'

During the war 3,244 private houses were established and maintained as hospitals for the treatment of officers and men of the army, their distribution in areas being as follows: Aldershot Command, 40; Eastern Command, 68 7; Irish Command, 105; London District, 35 2 Northern Command, 439; Scottish Command, 3 1 4; Southern Command, 660; Western Command, 637; Guernsey and Alderney District, 6 Jersey Command,4·

'*

'* *'

The work of the hospitals having now been prac. tically completed, the Army Council, in the name of the nation, has placed on record its thanks to those whose generosity made the work possible, and th<=: Council is also issuing an incribed scroll which may be hung in each building as a permanent memorial of the patriotic purpose to which it was devoted in 19 1 4- 1 9 1 9.

Emergency Suggestions. '*

THE comment of the man who stated that in an emergency the best thing was "presence of mind, but absence of budy," is perhaps more logical than at first appears. Presence of mind, coolness, and determination are the prime requisites of the first·aid administrator. Every emergency is apt to collect its crowd of curious onlookers, hysterieal sympathisers, and meddlesome advisers. To dominate these and to control the patient is absolutely essential. The crowd should be kept at a distance, or, better 'still, if possible, the patient removed to a more secluded spot. Calm the sufferer by reassuring him-ev€:n if you do not believe what you say. Don't talk too much-work! Every emergency case rest qUi.et as quickly possible. U pan the effiCiency With the first-aId relief is given frequently depends the ultimate result of the case.

Numerous rules have been laid down and many books have been written about what should be done in a given emergency-provided the means are at hand to do them with. In many instances, however, we find ourselves without the very things we are accustomed to have at hand for affording prompt aid. What, then, can we do when thus handicapped and confronted with such a task?

The best way to illustrate what can be done to save life and relieve suffering with means available for the use uf both the profession and the laity is to give some actual experience; for, after all, the sum of our knowledge IS made up from practical experience.

A CUT ARTERY.

A drunken man smashed a plate-glass door with his fist, cutting his wrist badly and severing the artery. The man was" fighting drunk," and resisted every effurt to staunch the flow of blood, until he was finally thrown down and choked almost into unconsciousness. Meanwhile a doctor knelt on his arm, bringing pressure with his knee over the brachial artery (above the elbow), thus checking the hcemorrhage until a physician arrived and tied the severed ends of the blood vessel at the wrist. The man recovered.

At a motor-paced bicycle race an accident to the rear tyre of the pacing motor-cycle caused it to swerve th.e track, thus throwing the racer who had been followmg It closely. The rider of the motor had not had the oppo.rtunity of shutting off the power, and the petals were stIll revolving. The unfortunate racer fell across and their sharp edges, chopping into his bare literally stripped the muscles from the bone. The poplIteal vessels were severed and the resultant hcemorrhage was great. The doctor r'ushed to the aid of the victim and hastily knotted a handkerchief about the middle of his thigh, twisting it tightly with a club borrowed from policema.n standing by, thus making a very efficient tour?Iquet. ThIS arrested the ble"lding until the ambulance arnved.

ASPHYXIATION.

Two girls were found unconscious from asphyxiation by illuminating gas. They were apparently dead, no pulse or respiration being discernible They were to a room in which stood an old-fashIOned stluare plano. The

* From the .internal/ollol /ollrna l oj Surg ery.

AID -

windows were opened to their full extent, though the night was cold, and the piano was moved up to the windows. Over this a blanket was spread and the patients were lifted upon it, lying upon their back with their heads hanging down over the edge of the instrument. With the assistance of neighbours Sylvester's method of respiration, coupled with rhythmic traction on the tongue; was used. Meanwhile the patients were given hypodermic injections of nitroglycerin and strychnia. After two hours' work one of them began to breathe regularly; but nearly six hours of eonstant work was required to resuscitate the younger one, whose respirations would frequently drop to four per minute. They both recovered fully.

POISONING.

Another emergency often met with is that of accidental poisoning. Various conditions lead to this, but th e principal one is where the layman places a dangerous drug in an unlabelled bottle or in a bottle which has formerly contained an innocent drug or mixture and fails to change the label. An elderly lady who had suffered from indigestion had had recourse to wine of pepsin for relief. She awakened one night suffering from one of these attacks, and getting out of bed in the dimly lighted room, she went to a closet, took therefrom what she thought was her usual remedy, and, pouring out a tablespoonful, she swallowed it. As soon as it had been taken she noticed that it tasted strangely, and called h e r daughter. It was then discovered that she had taken the contents of a bottle which bore the label" Spirits of Hartshorn.". No signs of burns about the mouth or throat could be discovered, nor was there any odour of ammonia. Only a few drops of a dark liquid in the patient was seated in a chaIr 10 a dazed condItIOn, WIth contracted pupils. Judging from these symptoms and from the odour of the few drops remaining in the bottle that laudanum had been taken by mistake, I at once gave her strong mustard water to cause vomiting, and atropiI?- injections, the patient being also compelled to walk and keep awake. The possession .of laudanun; was by both mother and daughter, until the followmg mornmg, when the daughter recalled that she had had. some "toothache drops" in a bottle, the neck of WhICh been accidentally broken, so she had poured the drops lOto the empty hartshorn bottle. The label was not changed, the bottle was of the same size and shape as tho one 10 which the pepsin was kept and stood beside it upon the shelf. When taken to task for such apparent carelessness, the ladies were greatly offended.

The free use of hot mustard water (one teaspoonful of mustard to the cup of hot water) uI?-til the emetic effect is obtained, is a potent remedy whIch IS generally at hand in almost every household.

It is always well to advise pe?ple stron.gly that they should never keep external remedIes or pOIsonous compounds on the same shelf upon which internal are placed, and always to see that the are properly labelled. It is .easy to an efbCI€nt la?el with a small piece of ordmary adheSive plaster or by tnmming off the gummed edge of an envelope flap. D0 not fasten labels by attaching them by means of bands or tie them on with a piece of thread, as IS very often done.

FRACTURE.

Occasionally one may be called upon, when unprepared, to 0 fficiate in a case of fracture of the bones. In large towns

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*' *' *'

August, 19 20 FIRST

Alb.-

with ample hospital and ambulance facilities, these cases are readily coped with, but it is when one has not at hand any of the customary means with which to render first aid that knowledge of what is best to do is put to the test. The prime rule of " fixation and rest " should be uppermost in the mind.

A boy fell from a tree, fracturing both bones of his right forearm about the middle. From an empty cigar box, an old sheet, and a section of an old stuffed quilt, a good fracture -box was improvised by knocking out the ends of th e box and lining it thickly with the wadding from the qu ilt. This was securely adjusted to the arm and fixed in position by means of bandages made from strips of the she e t. A small dose of paregoric quieted the boy's nerves, and he was e nabled to pass a comfortable night, leaving the next day for his hom e His own physician wrote later that he had not removed the emergency dressing for two weeks, and that th e re sults were excellent. A" fracturebox" can b e made with a feather pillow. This mOl,llds to the shap of the limb, and if bound very snugly acts well as a supporting splint. It is not always necessary to use a hard substance for support, and frequ e ntly this can do injury by too firm pr essure and consequ ent inter ference with circulation. The pillow allows for any subs equ ent swelling.

A good splint or dressing in some cases can be made a lternating layers of absoroent cotton and fl.ixible collodion. In a case so tre ated, the patient had had a q uarrel with a man who struck at him with a carvingknife The knife passed be twe en the side of his head a nd ear, shearin g th e entire upper half of the auricle. After th e h re morrh age had be en checked and both the ret ained and the se vered portions bathed in hot normal sa lt solution (one teaspoonful of salt to one quart of boiled wat er), the two porti o ns we re dried carefully and placed in opposition Alon g the edges a small thin pad of absorb t:. nt cotton, li berally sprinkled with asirtol powder, was applied a nd h el d i n place by painting it over with collodian. A sl mila r st rip was applied posteriorly. Numerous successi ve strips of alternating cotton and collodion wer e now appli e d, grad ua lly broadening the pieces until they lapp e d ov er th e top of th e ear, also filling the inequalities of the surfac e A firm spli n t was thus built up sustaining the severed portion without any stitching. It form e d a mould of th e ear and kept it rigid This dressing was not removed for a week, an d It was found that we had union by first intention. At the p rese nt time, over ten years after the accident, th er e is only a fai nt whit e linear scar to indicat e th e point o f injury.

A NTIS EPTICS

Frequ ently the quest ion is asked concernjng the best antiseptic to be used in an injury. Strictly speaking, this is an a n sep tit rather than an an tisep t£c solution , but it often is a ll that is necessary to cleanse a wound. Tincture of iod ine is the drug at present uppermost in the minds of th e lait y-as bichlori.d .of mercury was a few years ago. Yet much harm and lHltatlon may result from its application by unskilled hands. The official tincture of iodine contains 7 cen t o f iodine. It is usually dispensed in a bottle wIth a cork stopper. Th e cork is porous and easily acte d upon by t h e iodine fumes, which corrode it and pr e vent it from fitting snugly into the neck of the bottle thus p ermi tting the to with c.oncentratIOn of the IOd1Oe remammg. This concentrated of unknown is a caustic, and if poured lOtO a wound acts as an Irntant. To avoid this dilute the tinctur e of iodine with double the quantity of boiled wa ter The tissues can be given a thorough bathing with this solution without any danger, no matter how

large the wound is. This n0t only aids in staunching the oozing of blood but disinfects and flushes the injured parts. Without being dried, the parts should be wrapped snugly in a clean gauze of cloths and bandaged and supported, or placed at rest until competent attention can be given to the patient.

Advise against the common use of of hydrogen ,,\S a first dressing. "Peroxide," as it is generally called, is, strictly speaking, not an antiseptic, and frequently it acts as an escharotic (burns). Many cases of simple incised wounds which would have been healed by first intention have been caused to slough about the edges by th ,e action of peroxide used as primary dressing. This drug is a stimulant to granulations; and its use is best found in the later stages of surgical dressings. (If peroxide is used do not take it from a bottle into which manicure implem e nts have been dipped).

With regard to the so-called "new skin," or "liquid adhesive plaster" dressings, the best to use is the official flexible collodion. This should never be applied directly over a cut or injury in which there is apt to be any discharge. Always place a thin layer of absorbent cotton under the collodion. If any perulent secretion occurs this will give it a chance to escape otherwise the deleterious material becomes seale d in the wound and burrows deeper, causing greater infection.

The Imperial War Museum,

IT is doubtful whether the important part played by the medical services in bringing the war to its successful issue will e ve r be appraised at its true value. Perhaps the medicine chest pales beneath the glamour of the latest death d ealing weapon in the popular imagination. In this connection, the medical. section of the Imperial War Museum at the Crystal Palace will certainly go far to dispel this fallacy.

The space devoted to the Army Medical Service, situated in the gallery, is well furnished with pictures-in many cases presented by the Red Cross Society and Order of St. John-graphically illustrating the work of the R.A.M.C. in every field of ope ration. One is impressed by " From Over the Top, " "In the Wake of the Ordnance," "The Dead Bearer," "Loading the Wounded at Boulogne" and "Gassed." A number of models are shown, such as the incinerators, baths arid advanced dressing post. Surgical instruments and equipment captured from the e nemy fill many cases, and the shortage of suitable materials for the manufacture of hospital supplies is evidenced by the substitutes utilised-bandages composed of hOusehold window curtains and paper, wood shavings replacing cotton woo), catheters made of lead, etc.

Provisional lim bs and appliances supplied by the Red Cross and Order of St. John and the Provisional Limb Depot at Bath are displayed.

THE AR GENTA CUP COMPETITION.-We are pleased to hear that the Ambulance Competitions are to be h e ld on the 25th of September at Blackpool. This competition is one of the most interesting in the North of England. Full particulars can be obtained from Ambulance Officer G. Wilson, Headquarters S.J A.B., Empress Cham bers, Church-street, Blackpool. j

American Red Cross First Aid Instruction.

By DR. EDWARD R. HUNTER, Director, Bur eau of First Aid, American Red Cross, Washington, D C.

(Continued from page I3.)

ADVANCE COURSE AND MEDAL.

S t ud e n ts who have satisfactorily completed the primary courS i! in First Aid, and cesire to continue the course on the subj ect, may take an advanced course, which consists of five le ctures and demonstrations, or as many more as the instructor may deem necessary, each :;ession to continue on e and one -half hours.

Students in ad vanced courses are expecte d to become profici e nt in ' First Aid tr e atment of. fractures, burns wounds, h re morrhag es, and 10 perform1Og artIfiCIal The general edition of the" First. Aid Textbook" is used in this course. Instructors reqUire students t o study the chapters of the book cov e ring the foregoing su bj ects and limit th e ir class instruction to actual practical d emonstrations, requiring e ach stud e nt to repeat the work de monstrated Examinations in the advanced course are li mited to practical d e monstrations of the methods of treatme nt studied

The instructor who officiated for the primary course m ay be obtained to conduct the advanced c?u!se without further authorisation by the Chapter. If thIS IS not pract icable a new instructor must be authorised.

The fee charged each student in this course is one d ollar which covers the cost of the examination and medal a ward'. This fee is in addition to any charge which rrmy be mad e by the instructor, and these fees are forwarded with the Class Roll to the Chapter in the manner described for the primary course.

The procedur e as to securing and forwarding Class R olls and Examination Records is the same as for the primary course . . . Students who pass the advanced course exam1OatIOn are awarded a Red Cross bronze medal, to which metal bars with the year of passing engraved on them, may be for subsequent study and e xamination. The number o f bars that may be added to the medal is limited to three. The charge for the bars and engraving is fifty cents each. W hen a student has acquired a medal and three bars, he should be competent to cop e almost any ordinary in jury.

PRI ZES AND AWARDS.

The Red Cross offers the following prizes for the best F irst Aid work performed during each calendar year :-

First 50 dollars.

Second 25 dollars.

Third 55 dollars.

Fourth 10 dollars.

Competition for these prizes is to holders of Red Cross First Aid certificates, and, 10 speCIal cases, to oth ers who have been instructed in First Aid under the a uspices of the American Red Cross and yet may not hold certificate s Pri zes are also offered to the Life Saving C@rps. Physicians who serve as instructors, or any oth er person who gives his or her services in any of the FIrst Aid

activities for a period of thre e years, in a man n er sati sfactory to the Red Cross, will receive a c ertificat e from th e Red Cross in recognition of such serv ice s

In appropriate cases, assist a nc e a nd help in this humane work will be acknow b dge d by a vo e of th an ks of the Red Cross Boys and girls of sixtee n ye ars of age an d over, having studied under an authoris ed £4 irst Aid instr uctor, may compete for merit badges. Girl and Boy Scouts obtain these badges through th ei r respe ctive orga nisation s, after passing tests recommended by th e A merican R ed Cro ss

FIR ST Am C ON TE STS

.

The Americm R e d Cr os s ass ists in promoting FIRST Aid contests anywh ere in th e U nite d States At su ch contests or "meets " four or fi ve p r ob lems are presented for the solution of the comp etin g t ea ms J udges mark all the teams, and priz e m e d a ls and pri ze certificates are awarded to the winners. Th e B or glum medal is awarded by National H e adqu art e rs, Washing t on, D.C., to successfu l comp etitors in First Ai d cont est s. Red C ross certificates are awarded to thos e ta kin g se c ond pla ce. W h enever Red Cross prizes are aw a rd ed, th e Re d Cross must be represented among th e jud ge s, and a ll ju dges must be physicians. When timely requ est is ma d €', t he R ed Cross supplies most of the jude:es for th ese occ asio ns. This has been the custom for years in certai n locali ties

Canadian Notes.

H ON. MR. J USTI CE O RDE, of the Supreme Court. of Ontario has be en ele cted President of the CanadIan Branch 'of the St. J o hn Am b ula n ce Association, succeeding Mr. Fred Co ok, wh o still the. position of Chairman of the G en e ral EXecutive Comrmttee. The Hon. Mr. Orde has been a member of the General Executive Committee of t h e C anadi an Branch for several years, and as Honorary S ol icit.or r endered to the First AId mo vem en t 10 t he DOmInIOn. He IS a. Knight of Grace of th e O rd er of St. John.

Mr Cook who has retire d fr o m the PreSIdency stIll maintains his ke e n intere st in t he Association's affairs, and it is largely through h is e nthus iast ic work that the Branch has made such wo n d erful progress SInce Its organisation.

Colonel Charl es A Hod getts, formerly Honorary Se:::cretary, but who serv e d th ree -and-a-half years as Canadian Red Cross Comm ISSIO ner Overseas , has resumed the office in the Association in which he has been of so much value in the past. Co lonel Hodgetts Secretary of the Association in C a nad a m any years to the organisation of th e B ran c h, and IS familiar with the r eg ulatIons of th e movement. HIS services are sought after as the .o.ffic ia l in many of the important First Aid CompetItIOns h e ld 10 Canada.

El zea r Tasch e rau , a m e m ber Council of the Canadian Branch was rec e ntl y to make a tour of the W est ern Pr ovinces of th e Do mlOlOn for the purpose of making a surv ey con?iti on s a n d. tho:> Provincial Councils could be aSSIsted 10 the orgaOlsatIOn of classes in the rural communities.

Queries and J\nswet's to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under tke following rules:-

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top lelt hand corner 01 tlte envelope "Quer),," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 1-6, Cannon·street, LoncilJn, E. C. 4· 2.-AII Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 01 the Journal, or in case 0/ Queries Irom abroad Irom a recent issue.

Textbook, to whidt ?'fgcrence be made in t!tese columns, is the Revised (I9I9) Edition of S.j.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

SHOCK FRO\[ ATlDmIINAL INJURY.

B. M. ( Salford ).-La st year while on duty at a (ootball match I had to treat a player who was badly "winded" through the ball striking him heavily in the lo wer abdomen To protect him from the damp ground, I placed him recumbent on my overcoat and covered him with another which I borrowed from a bystander. I then rubbed the lower part of the body upwards while others held his arms above his head. I n a few minutes he came round, but before he resumed play I gave him a cnp of hot coffee·

For this treatment I received a sharp reproof from an officer, who told me that I ought not to have covered the man, who" wanted all the air he could get," and that I should have given cold water instead of hot coffee. As these cases are frequent on the football field, will you be good enough to let me know if my treatment was wrong?

The condition of "winding}) is one of Shock-due to irritation of the as the sequel to a blow on abdommal wall and varymg m effect from transient incapacity to fatal syncope. Your treatment was therefore correct. Hot coffee was preferable to cold water and as events proved, a more effective stimulant; thouo-h I should have withheld friction and raising head until I had seen the results obtained from removal of cause recumbent position, external warmth and hot drinks when scious. For further details se e issue of November last.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

ERRORS IN TEXTB OOK.

C. A -While are vastly indebted to you for d1rectmg further attentlOn to errors which remain in the Textbook, yet we are perplexed as to our line of action in competition.

Your line of action is clear. If competition is based on Textbook, then give your answers in accordance with its teaching, !f incorrect, control;:; the marking sheet. Further, a d1scnml,?at1ng would avoid contentious points and only set questions, wtth answers to which he is in full accord.-N.C.F.

H.UPTURE OF PLANTARIS ML"SCLE.

J. C. Park).-A and B-two friends - jumped on a movtng Whe,n se.ated, A complained that, while he was boardlllg car, B s st1ck had struck him in his calf and he still felt p.ain in the place struck. B assured his fnend that the stick had not touched him. Pain in leg increased and at end of )ourney A was unable to stand Please suggest probaQle tnjury and suitable treatment.

?n statement of f<lcts I suspect that A, in the act of Jumptng mto ruptured.a small muscle in the calf of his leg. D1agnosls rests on h1story, signs and symptoms, as set

AID.- August, 1920.

out in Textbook (p. 71), where also suitable treatment is descnbed. If A's borne is near bye, he co uld be removed by single helper (p. 172) or by 3-handed seat.-N.C.F.

J. W. P. (Brodsworth).-We have pleasure in conforming to your request, and give below the analysis of the marking of the" Dewar" Competition.

August, IS20.

3\'actica\

Tile Editor invites Notes on actual Cases - with spec ial rqennce to /{ood and bad voints in Treatment-Tor in clus ion in this Columll.

DEATH FROM SCALDS.

Being summoned recently to the assistance of a neighbour, I found that his 22. mon.ths .old baby had seized a cupful of hoiling dripping (wh1ch h1S WIfe had Just .taken. fro':ll the oven) and tned to drink the contents. The chtld betng In a of collapse, I rapidly did what I and removal to hospital, where the ch1ld was .detamed and d1ed after 39 days of acute suffering.-M. B.) Bnstol.

JU ST IFIABLE INTERFEREN CE.

ISt.- Birmingbam, NO.3 District. 2nd. - Prince of Wales' Corps, NO.1 District. 3rd.-Wales (Abertillery). 4th.-Dublin (Irish Division). 5th.-Brodsworth Main Division, NO.5 District. 6th.-Dolcoath Division, NO.9 District. 7th.-S.E. and C.Ry. Division. 8th.-Wales (Newport Division). 9 th .Horwich, No.4-District. IOth.-St. Peters, No.6. District. Ith. No. 7 District. 12th.-Fareham Division, NO.2 D is trict.

R.A.M.C.- We believe that members of the Bril?'ade who served in the M.H.H.R. during the war are still on that Reserve, unless they have resigned. Endeavours are being made to obtain a medal for all persons who served at home under the War Office, but no decision has yet been arrived at. effects many branches besides the M.H.H.R.

A. S ( N.W.l ).-The Long Service Medal or ribbon, of St. John, may be worn on civilian clothes when not on duty.

F. W . ( Rochdale ).- We would refer you to General of the Brigade General Rules, par. 10. The nurstng star should be worn on the left sleeve 1 inch above service star.

The Army Council has given instructions that members of Q A.I.M.N.S. Reserve, T.F.N S , V.A.D. nursing members and special military probationers permanently unfit for further service by reason of disability, whether due to military service or not, will be demobilised forthwith. Those temporarily unfit by reason of disability caused by military service will be demobilised as soon as they complete 12 months' absence from duty on account of medical unfitness, or cease to require indoor hospital treatment whichever happens first, while those temporarily unfit by reason of disability not caused by military service will be demobilised as soon as they complete three months from duty or cease to require indoor hospital treatment.

Members of Q A.I.M.N.S. will, of course, continue to be dealt with under the pay warrant.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION "FIRST AID."

Summoned from my house in a London suburb late one evening, I found an old man sitting on public .seat on em ent-huddled up and seml-consclOus-whllst the ram pav I ld came pouring down! In response to my enqumes to that he had surldenly dashed ac[(?ss. the roadway (wh1ch was badly lighted at that spot ), and, sltppmg on the wet asphaJte, had been knocked down by a motor car; and also that a messenger had gone to phone for the street ambulance. The messenger being delayed and th.e motor-a large, roomy private available, I de.c1ded that further was totally unJustlfjable. So I my rapidly, excluded fractures of limbs, estaLlished. a fract.ured Jaw (wh ic h I controlled with a halter ban?age ImprovIsed from a lar.ge h dkerchief ) and dressed an mC1sed wound of forehead WIth bandage which I had in my pocket. This done, I approached the lady in the car-to whom I pOlDted out the grave condition of the old man and added shock hkely to result from further exposure and weather-and applied for permission to convey my pat1en t 400 to hospital. She agreed immediately-and placmg our patient comfortably on his back on the ft.oor of the car, we reached hospital exactly 6 minutes after I had first taken charge of the case.-C. S., Finchley.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

THE Governor and Dame Margaret Davidson, at Government House on June 26th, presented insignia and decorations of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem to various recipients.

Sir Walter Davidson said that he addressed the gathering as a fellow-member of the world-famed Order of St. John. He had hoped that the 'Prince of Wales have been able to present at least some of the dec.oratlOns, but that was found impossible, under the regulatlOns prepared for the Royal visit. ,.'

In introducing Dr. T. Stone D.lxs?n for New South Wales) to receive the lDslgma of .KnIght ?f Grace at the hands of Dame Margaret hiS Excellency said that they all knew how long Dr. Dixson had been the head and front of the Order in the State. He was proud to honour a man had so good a citizen. He pointed out that 10 J 10 the early days of the Order, the and were charged with the duty of protect1Og the Scrv10g Brothers and

Al D.-

Sisters. There was now only one hospital maintained in Jerusalem-an ophthalmic hospital.· The function of driving the pagan from the city had now been accomplished by Great Britain and her glorious Allies, not least of whom were the Australian mounted troops.

Mr. Boles R. Rainsford (New South W3.les District Superintendent) was then presented with the insignia of Esquire of the Order. Mr. Thomas H. Henderson (District S e cretary), who was to have been ma.de an Honorary Serving Brother, was absent through I1.lness. Sergeant First Class William J. Harris, lately Supenntendent of the Glebe Division, who already wore a King's Medal, was made an Honorary Serving Brother, together with Mr. Frank E. Holmes, ambulance officer of the Harbour Trust Division.

On constituting Mrs. Gertrude Clarke of the Glebe Nursing Sisters) an Honorary Servmg Sister, Sir Walter Davidson pointed out that the Princ.e of was very cognisant of the services render e d dunng hIS VISit by the members of the Order. Nursing Sister Jane Starkey, of the Thornley N ursiT'g presented with a vellum c e rtificate of thanks for dlslmgUlshed services rendered.

Two important decorations of another kind were conferred namely the silver life-saving medal on Fredenck Zarah of' Concord and the bronze medal on Frederick Mart;n, of for conspicuous courage in risking their lives in entering a gas tank at the Mortlake gasworks in August, 1919, in an e ndeavour to other who had been overcom e His Excellency highly comphmented the recipients.

The fact that Brigadier·General Dalton was reslgnmg at the age of 72, from the post of Chief of Overseas was mention e d by the Governor m concluslOn. He would be succeeded by a distinguished soldier 10 the person of Surgeon-General Sir Havelock Mem bers of the Brigade attended 10 force at the annual parade service at S1. Andrew's Cathedral the following day. Sir Walter Davidson, the Stat'3 G:0vernor, Dame Margar e t Davidson, attended the ser v!ce, at which Rev. H. K. Archball; headmaster of the Armldal,: School, was the preacher.

Letter from a V.A.D.

BELOW we publish a letter written by a V.A.D. mt 1Il ber who saw considerable service in France :co The Standard Bank. of Africa, Nairobi, Bntlsh East Afnca. June 161h, 1920

M Dear Lady Ampthill and Members .of the Joint Comy mittee of the British Red Cross Soc1ety and Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England,-

I beg to acknowledge receipt of the Pre.sentat1on Card sent by the J oint Committee "for recognlt1?n of rvice rendered during the war:" I value It exceedlllgly thank you very much for It. I t was from m address in London. One IS remlll e 0 strenuo!s times when we only did our duty as En.gland and the Empire expects of her sons and daughters; It was an honour to answer the call. . d k

I have come out here with my slsters an ta en up the land allotteGi to me (Farm 12I8B, Fort Hall Dr tnct ) as a V.A.D. under the Land Settlement Scheme or ex-

NEW SOUTH WALES.

-FIRST A I D. - August, 1920. soldiers and ex-service women. My farm is 35 I acres on the Saba Saba river. It is an exceedingly lovely spot, we are quite happy and exceedingly busy. We have put up grass bandas and planted maize and beans and coffee. We have built an exarpment, with lovely valleys on both sides, and the mountains of a large Native Reserve on the other side of the river. Vast plains spread in front of us, where there is some of the finest buntmg in the world.

My sister and I were the first lady settlers in· these parts. We hear tbat before long some others are coming up to their land; we are quite looking forward to this. We are busy learnlllg to shoot; we have hyenas at night round about, and the spoor of a leopard was seen down one of our house paths. Vie have good house boys I am glad to say, and send in to Fort Hall (six miles away) for supplies by our ox-cart. We are about fifty miles away from Narobi.

I am sure if the many V.A.D.'S, with a little capital, knew how nice it was out here, although the work is very strenuous, many more would be anxious to take up this land. It would, however, be best to bring brothers with them, even if they have Colonial experience, until they get used to the natives and understand things. A young fellow I was talking to the other day was quite sad at hearing his father had bought land near London and was going to build on it. He said if his father had only come out here and spent that amount of money on land here tbey could all have lived and worked upon it. But his mother loved the town, so it could not be.

We study Swalili here and are picking it up slowly. I am having many calls on my V.A.D. nursing knowledge, which is most useful now and which was gained during the war. and everything ever learned seems to come in now. Natives come in apart from our labourers with bad hurts on their feet and legs and get them dressed and bound up. I have mended several, and others get Epsom salts and cough mixture; all very grateful. They are a happy, lazy people. I send all the bad cases to the Native Hospital at Fort Hall, but it is hard to persuade them to go, as they seem afraid of hospitals and doctorstheir native superstition, I suppose. So I do what I can one s work does not seem to have ended with the war.

I hope I have not taken up too much of your time, but I thought you might like to hear about the things from one of the V.A.D.'s who worked under the Joint Committee.

Reviews.

POCKET GUIDES TO FIRST AID TREATMENT.

By Col. R. J. Blackham, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., M.D., &c. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielson, Ltd. Price 6d. each.

THE 2nd editiGns of Nos. 4, 5 and 6 of the Pocket Guides senes h.ave exhausted and further reprints are now ready. Tht:se little GUides serve as a useful reference for first aid treatment and can be carried in the waiscoat pocket.

nAILLIERE S NURSES' COMPLETE MEDICAL DICTIONARY.

Edited by Constance M. Douthwaite. London: Bailliere, Tindal & Cox. Price JS. net.

A DICTIONI\RY is a most useful book for the library of first aid and nursmg students, and such a one as this in which the pronounciation of each word is given and the chief

symptoms of the different diseases and nursing treatment described, should be a most valuable guide to those for whom it is written.

There is a section dealing with poisons, symptoms and treatment contained in the book, and an appendix of abreviations of medical terms used in prescriptions, etc.

THE NURSING OF CHRONIC PATIENTS.

By MISS ELEANOR C. BARTON, R.R.c. London: Scientific Press, Southampton Street, W.C.2.

Most textbooks of Nursing concentrate on the handling of acute diseases. Those of our readers, therefol e, whose duty or charity causes them to take active interest in District Nursing or Home- Welfare work will be well advised to study Miss Barton's work (price IS. 3d.) frorr. which they will obtain many useful and practical hll1ts in the nursing of chronic and incurable cases.

ADENOIDS AND ENLARGED TONSILS.

By Lieut.-Col. ]. Kynaston, M.R.C.S., &c. London: St. Catherine Press, Stamford Street, S.E.

This pamphlet (price IS.), which deals with the cure of Adenoids and Enlarged Tonsils by medical means and 'without operation, IS well and clearly written, and should appeal to p:uents, especially as 20-30 per cent. of children are said to suffer from one or both affections. We aglee that operation should only be performed by an expert surgeon on selected cases, after medical treatment has failed. ---'-"---

Cardiff had a whole week's carnival last month in aid of the Welsh branch of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem and King Edward VII Hospital; it proved a great success.

• E

The annual ambulance competitions, promoted by the Rotherham Main Corps of the Brigade were held on July 24th; twerity-three teams competed, Manners Main Colliery being declared the winners.

The dinner of the Great Western Railway No. 37 DIvISIOn (London) St. John Ambular:ce Brigade held at Art.hur's Restuarant on July 2nd, the chair beIng .taken by SIr) Cantlie, K B.E, supported by ASSIstant Commlssloner Dr. J. M. Carvt-IJ. The dinner was .excellent and was foJlowt:d by a much appreciated mUSIcal programme. The toasts proposed included Royal Family,)) the " St. John Ambulance Bngade No. 37 Division," the "Visitors," and the "Cha!rman." Sir James Cantlie and Dr. Carvell bore rec?rd to the good work done by the Division, with whIch they had been associated for many years. In the course of the evening some forty labels· were presented to the mem bers for the year 19 20

When corresponding with Advertisers pJeale mention "First Aid,"

August, 1(}20

According to Medical Testimony

Accordingly to the testimony of many medical men the action of Hall's Wine is extremely satisfactory In nervous disorders, ancemIa, arid general want of while its. high restoratIve value has .been conclusively proved in conva.lescence and after operatIon.

I ts worth is undoubted; for nearly thirty years it has had the support of doctors everywhere, and the fact that it is the prescription of a doctor accounts in no small measure for their confidence in this "most dependable restorative."

Sports injuries

bruises, sprains, stiff and swollen joints yield readily to treatment with IODEX, In the treatment of stiffness, soreness and conditions arising from vigorous exercise, IODEX is superior to liniments and em brocations.

The ready absorption of IODEX secures deep penetration of its free Iodine which quick IV reduces swelling or inflammation, relieves pain, and aids the restoration to normal action.

IODEX does not blister, harden or stain the skin, and may be used wh-,:n other forms of Iodine are inadmissable.

Obtainable in 2S. jJots at most Chemists th1'oughout tlu Kingdom.

oMENLEY & JAMES, Ltd., Menley House, Farrlngdon Road, London, E.C.1.

Contractors to the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

SPECIALISTS IN UNIFORMS.

wr eDaManufacturers of every description of Uniform Clothing an d Equipment FOR ALL RAN K S. Jacket s, Trousers, Great Coats, Caps, Belts, Gloves, Haversacks, Waterbottles, etc. EsNmates and SamjJles on request.

16, NILE STREET, OITY ROAD, LON DON, N.l., and at 6, YORK PLACE, LEEDS, 84, MILLER STREET, GLASGOW.

POSTAL

-FIRST

INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION

READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up .1e above Courses at once.

A 01 S)-A.B.. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of mstructlOn receIved, have often wanted to take such courses but could. never find where to get such." (T.B.) ,

A Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. s towMR. J: E. \VALDBN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispen'sers el1i:21on ° t e estmInster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy estd 8) St. George's Road. Southwark. London. ,. 74

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING & HOME HYGIENE

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM,

c. B., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P. II. (Lc,nd. Knight of John, Member of the Order of Mercy, KaIser·I·Hmd Medalist, Barrister-at·Law

Asst.-Commissioner St. ) obn Ambulance Brigade' Overseas.

The Indian Manual of First Aid.

Eighteenth Edition. Price 2S.

The Indian Catechism of First Aid.

Fifth Edilion. Price IS

Indian Home Nursing.

Eighth Edition. Price 2S

The Indian Catechism of H.o.me Nursing:

Second EdItIOn. Price IS. od.

The PrImer of Tropical Hygiene.

Fifth Edition. Price 28.

Indian Ambulance Training. Price IS.

Specime,} Examination Papers in First Aid, Home Nursmg and Hygiene.

Th ird Edition. Price IS.

Household Emergency Chart.

Third Edition. Price 3S.

Household Reference Chart.

Third Edition. Price 3s.

Supplies from Postage extra.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO L d

46. CAN:t{ON STREET, LONDON," EJ.04.t.,

THE "ARGENTA" CHALLENGE CUP COMPETITION

W ILL be held in BLACKPOOL on SATURDAY SEPT. 25th, 1920

Open to Ambulance Corps and Di i . " and 5 Districts. v SlOns in Nos.

!IRST PRIZE - The Challenge Cup, valued £ 10 5, and a pri ze to each member of squad.

A PRIZE will be gIven to each member of the Second and Third squads.

Prizes k indly given by THE ARGENTA COMPANY, Ltd. MEAT to Conditions and E t F n ry orms will be sent on application

A:\[BULANCR OFFICER GEORGE WI LSON , H d .lfon. Secretary. ea quarters, Empress Chambers, Church Street, Blackpool.

AID.- August, 1920

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C , B.A.(C'antab), M.R.C.S.

TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free 18

" CIS I,llrJt.Ald Simpl lfled Tabulated, with Alos to Memory.

D. 11' ames contnbutes an introduction and we e d h' IIpi"iH< of' the book. "-LANCBT n orst! Z& .eolia AIDS HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d., post free.

" Tltis and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. w n t!rfully szmp,{i/ies a comjJlex subject and should De ,..ad hOI a/I students. -L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE WHY AND IN F·IRST-AID.

Dit Third EdItIon. Price IS post free

"W./ICUlties and Treatment s olved' by Quest'lon and Answer. 's "iii til Lect,!rc,1? and Students 'Who 'Will jimi it of great sennee. -FIRST AlD.

EFFICIENOY IN FiRST-AID.

Problems I S Post free, 18. 3d.

" .sol ved Senior Students. h 't d e.f/ great sennCi! In the traming ojthlutl (fir HINTSonz z lS eszt1Lcd. -BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

o d I Post free, 9d • A r er y Duties Simplified Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. most 110mpact brochure wh,ch contains muclt useful informatilm. _ PRESCRIBER.

AN INDIEl( OF IFIRST-AID

By J. M. CARVELL. M.R.C s., L.S:A.Lood

A Ambulance Worker. F.cap.8vo. Postf;ee, I s. 8d. AID I: y tFhlEWs WORDS. (40th thousand).

W. e lime Autbor lth Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder P d HOME NURSING IN aper,2. By th S FEW AWORDS. (16th thousand).

I' e .me uthor ncludmg useful reference tables. 14 pp. Folder. Paper,2d.

S THE COMPLETE MANIKIN ystems of Body iIl:dexed. Invaluabte to Students; of Anatomy, Fast-Aid and Allied Subjects. Pnce 2S. net; postage 4 d

I " THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE'

B ts ApplIcatIOn Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and' 116 D' y HOW ARD M PRESTON D lagrams. II6 ill p.' emonstraiD'" til the Polyted nic. us. nce, IS. net; postage 2d. THE ROLLER BAN DAGlE r A By the Slime Author • ts pplIcatIOn Accurately Described by W'ords and 16 D' p . :! Iagrams nce, I S. net; postage 2d DnleAt GREAMhSD " . ac lag ram No. 6d. each.

PRESSURE POINI:: ARTERIES * Coloured. Price 6d • THE WHOLE ART OF' BANDAGING By THEKLA BOWSER P J I • IntroductIOn by SIR JAMES CANTLIE, KB.E:, i.R.c.s. I1Ius. Post free IS 3d PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIDN iN UP HOSPITAL GARMENTS F8KTl::: OUT & MAKING (Approved by the Red Cross Society) I1Iust d "P WO f UNDED. A SHORT COU ra e. ost ree IS 3d

By ALLAN BROMARNSE OF TRAINING: . JOHN BALE Price IS. 9d. post free. 88-91 Gpeat StDANltELLSSON, Ltd pee. ondon. W.l. IRELAND COLLIERY DIVISION, S.J.A.B.

TH;n Competition will be held viz., 1st, £3 and the RN 1 l, 1t;20, pnzes will be given, An efficient band will b a : yd, £1 lOS. Ralph-road. N etherthorpe, near Chesterfield. . W Hudson, Price 6d. net.

NOTES ON AID siA{i>LIFiED

By

Sidney H. Lamb'

A Handbook In a tabulated and sim lified • first aid, so arranged as to impress fh or: gIVIng the main points in ______ em on t e memory of the student DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon J.ONDON, E,C.4.

U FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

T, be cut and enclosed with all Queries AUGUST 1920.

I- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 315.-VOL. XXVII SEPTEMBER, 19 20 •

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 305. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and alsG welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. .

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For iluBlicatim) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNelN STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegraphic Address: "Twentv-jour, Londtm." Telephone No. 5177 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

REFERENCE was made in our last issue Standardisation to a r e cent inque.st h e ld in London of Ambulance Equipment. where it was stated that the deceased, who had both his legs severed, had to be transferred from one stretcher to another in order to convey him in the L c.c. motor ambulance. The question of the standardisation of first aid appliances, dressings, &c., has been raised from time to time, and in the early days of the war some mention was made of a committee to investigate the matter, but no more appears to have been heard on the subject, or, what is more important nothing appears to have been done in this matter.

How often has it been the case that the ambulance litter or carriage sent to convey a stretcher case from train to hospital has proved useless for the transport of the stretcher on which the patient arrives, for the reason that the fittings on stretcher and litter do not correspond, necessitating, maybe, considerable suffering to a patient more or less exhausted with a long railway journey in being sub·

mitted to the ordeal of an additional unloading and reloading to the hospital stretcher? In those early days of the war when the wounded first commenced to arrive in this country, how much more valuable would have been the stretchers, etc , mobilised from factories, railways, and other industrial concerns, as well as those provided by the various voluntary societie s, had these been all of one approved standard pattern and dim ensions? How much more valuable, too, would have been the willing services of the numerous volunteers for ambulance transport work on these occasions had their equipment been of an approved standard throughout and the various stretchers, EtC.; interchangeable?

The voluntary ambulances services of this country in times of peace as well as war are, it is believe d, second to none, out standardisation of all ambulance equipment would certainly make for still greater efficiency and nothing but the best. The Ambulance Movement, fostered by the large industrial concern s in which employees are exposed to risk of accident, has made vast strides and first·aid has be <:: !l taken up by the workers with keen interest accompanied by assiduous training to maintain efficiency. The manner in which many of these men, who had attached themselves to one or other of the voluntary societies, reo sponded to the call for transport workers and orderlies in connection with th e War Hospitals, etc., is well known and deserving of the highest commendation. The men are, generally speaking, of a high and uniform standard of efficiency and it is therefore all the more desirable that the ambulance equipment throughout the country in the way of stretchers, litters and other equipment should be as efficient as possible, and here again only the best is good enough.

In connection with the need for an approved standard type of ambulance stretcher the need for conveyance of patients in modern corridor-type railway stock should not be overlooked. The length of the seats in corridor trains is much less than that of the old non-corridor coaches and less than the length of many old pattern stretchers. The difficulty has, however, been overcome by the provision of telescopic handles to stretchers.

-FIRST

The question of standardisation might with advantage be extended to the dressings, etc., in use by am bulance men. At present one will find entirely different articles provided in the "First Aid /I outfits furnished for the use of ambulance workers under different associations, or employers, or in different parts of the country with the result that one body of "Firstaiders" may be more or less unfamiliar with the equipment provided for another. What appears to be necessary in this connection is the approval of a few simple dressings by some representative medical body and these stardardised for general use by ambulance workers in administering First Aid to the injured. This should result in some simplification of the instructions for rendering First Aid as well as assisting to keep the treatment within its proper limitations.

The First Aid manuals should give directions for the application of the stardardized dressings and the approved equipment stocked in the various outfits provided for the use of "first-aiders." Existing text-books cannot all be said to keep pace with medical practice nor do they agree, e,g., some still recommend the use of carron oil for burns, whereas one popular addition to first aid literature, * says of carron oil "at one time used as a dressing for burns, but now not recommended. What is the ambulance worker to do when he finds himself provided only with carron-oil to treat a case of burns in view of this conflicting advice?

What would appear to make for a more efficient am bulance service is the standardisation of all ambulance equipment, and for this purpose it is necessary that some central body should be deputed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages attending the various ambulance appliances and dressing:: bearing in mind that the latter have to be used by the first aid worker, i.e., one who has had sufficient training to afford assistance to the )njured until more skilled help is available. When the most smitable type of stretcher for general use has been evolved it should be standardised, and as far as is possible, existing appliances throughout the country converted to the approved pattern and dimensions. This end will hardly be achieved without tht closest co-operation between various voluntary am bulance organisations. The cooperation during the war between the British Red Cross Society and St. John Ambulance Association-a most desirable coalition-is a distinct step in the right direction and a still closer touch between all such societies (or better still, some unification) should result in a still more efficient ambulance service and cases such as that referred to in opening would be heard of no more.

The obj ect of this short article is to suggest lmprove"An Index of First Aid," by J. IT. Carvell,

M.R.C.S.

ments or lines upon which improvements may be made, rather than to criticise existing arrangements, and it is felt that the adoption of some of the suggestions offered can only make fJr a better ambulance service-the service which is the handmaiden of the medical and nursing services.

A Red Cross Conference.

A CONFERENCE was held in the Guildhall, Lincoln, on September 8th, under the auspices of the Joint Council of the British Red Cross Society, and the Order of St. John of Jtrusalem, to discuss matters in connection with the Society and the Order, and to consider plans for Red Cross week, which it is proposed to hold in various parts of the country during October 11th-17th.

Lord MaDson presided, and he was supported by Sir Arthur Stanley (Chairman of the Joint Council), Sir Napier Burnett (Director of Hospital Services), the Earl of Yarborough, and representatives from Lincolnshire, Notts, Derbyshire, and Leicestershire.

Sir Arthur Stanley said that was the first conference of the kind they had held, and their object was to meet representatives and to try and help them to devise an organised central scheme. If Red Cross work was to go on it was quite clear it could only be done through county organisation.

RefeIring to the Council's programme, Sir Arthur said the first thing they had to look after were pension hospitals which were in danger of being neglected; then they hoped to ma.intain curative posts for the treatment of pensioners who lived near. A big field lay before them in regard to child welfare, and there were many ways in which they could help in tbe treatmfnt of consumption.

Sir Napier BUrnett, in the course of an address said hospitals up and down the country to-day were failing to get a sufficient number of probationer nurses to train, and he hored people who had a true spirit of nursing would be stirred up to come forward and undertake the work. Speaking of the Finances of the hospitals of the four countries that meeting represented, he said of the 57 hospitals in that group 42 sent in returns for the years 1915-1919 inclusive.

The total income, excluding legacies, was £986,868, while the total ordinary expenditure was £1,028,687. The income of those 42 hospitals was £25,673 in excess of the expenditure. That looked rosy, but as a matter of fact ordinary expenditure exceeded ordinary income by £41,819, which amount ha.d to be taken out of legacies.

To put voluntary hospitals of the country on a pre-war basis they would need something approaching a -million pounds. In Lincolnshire seven hospitals showed a surplus of £12,201, and five a deficit of £4,203, the net surplus being £7,997. In Laicestershire 8 hospitals had a surplus of

The black sheep of the group was Notts, where four hospitals showed a surplus of £3,951, and five a deficit of £22,000. Of the 12 Derbyshire hospitals 8 had a surplus of ,£20,882, and 4 a deficit of £2,OII. Of the total of 42 hospitals, 27 a surplus of £54,863, and 14 a deficit of £29,000.

September, 19 20 • -!'IR.ST

Gund :priory of the Order of the }tospital of St. john of Jerusalem in f;nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

St. john / J\mbulanee Stigade.

No. District COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

AI D.- 35

Northampton Institution, commencing at 3p.m" on November 27th, 1920.

Attention is called particularly to Clause 2 of the conditions, as competitors taking part in other competitions have to appear in uniform. Each team will be expected to supply the -patients who should be in mufti.

"EFFICIENCY CUP."

This Competition will probably be held at the Northampton Institute, commencing at 3 p.m., on November 27th, 1920

Each team will be expected to supply the patients, who should be in mufti.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. October, 1920.

Sunday, 3rd,-N o. 2 Division, Haggerston.

" 10th.-No, 4 Leytonstone.

" 17th.-No. 5 " Hackney. 24th.-No. 7 " Toynbee Hall.

" 3Ist.-N o. 9 St. John's Gate, NO.2.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John'S Gate at 2 p.m. RE-EXAMINATIONS.

Officers and members in charge of Divisions are reminded that arrangements for the re-examination of their Divisions, which have not already been conducted for the year 19 20 , should be made as soon as possible, in accordance with Brigade Order 305.

PUBLIC DUTIES.

Whenever a Division is asked to perform duty locally, the officer or member in charge of the Division should notify the Commissioner and obtain his content, when if granted, a parade state will be sent to the officer, and particulars taken at headquarters of the duty for purposes of record, No duty should be performed without permission having been obtained from the Commissioner in writing.

SMALL SILVER ST. JOHN CROSSES.

The following communication has been received from the Chief Commissioner :August 30th, 1920

"With reference to your letter .of the I,nh inst",:nt, there is no objection to members of the Bngade bemg supplied with extra small silver St. John Crosses on payment. , " Application should be made , to the and forwarded by him, accompaIlled a to cover C0st as per prices belo":,,, to the CommlsslOner, who will have the claim verified and, If m order, passed to the Stores department. .' "The prices are as follows :-Rlbbon WIth I Cross, 8d.; do., 2 Crosses, 9Q.; do" 3 Crosses, IOd.; do., 4 Crosses, Ild."

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.

COMPETITIONS, NOVEMBER 26th, 19 20

"NURSING BOWL,"

Written -20, I 1.20, commencing 3 o'clock. Viva Voce-20. I 1.20, commencing 4 0 'cloc¥. Practical-27. I 1.20, commencing 3 o'clock. "SLEATH GENT."

Written-20. 11.2.0, commencing 3-4 o'clock. Viva Voce-20.I 1.20, commencing 4 o'clock. Practical-27. 11.23, commencing 3 o'clock. The viva voce and written examinations will be taken. at St. John'S Gate, on November. 20th, 1920 and the practIcal will be arranged for the followmg Saturday, November 27th, [9 20, probably at the Northampton Institute, at 3 p.m. "OSBORNE SHIELD."

The above Competition will probably be held at the

Entry forms, together with entrance fees, as shown in the conditions of the respective Competitions, must be at St. John's Gate the latest by the first post on Wednesday, November loth, next. Entry forms received after that date are liable to be rejected.

Equipment and material for all the above Competitions will be supplied by Headquarters.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give date of publi. cation of the newspapers.-EDlTOR,

No. 2 District.

BRISTOL. -The annual competition for the (( Beavis" Cup was held on August 21st, in the grounds of Messrs. H. 1. Packer and Co., Whitehall, Bristol. The cup was presented to the Corps by Mr. C, E. Beavis, one of oldest men in the City of Bristol, for competItIOn by the vanous divisions of the Corps.

In 1914 the cup was won bJ:' Packers Di.vision No competition having been held dunng the war, m 19 T9 It was won by the Temple Mead Division (G.W R).

The novelty of this competitioI1 that IS to the team showing the greatest effiCiency m Impro:'l.sed first aid" and" transport over obstacles." The competltlOn was held in the open air and in an enclosure, Rule 6 stating that material is to be brought into the enclosure, only such ,matenal that may be found to be used of. US10g tI-ling from off their persons y.'lll be dIsqualified. A. quantity of material is therefore put 1Oto the enclosure, ThIS year It consisted of p ieces of wood, sack :of hay, piece of corrugated iron box of nails, and a chopper.

'The competition was this year fought out WIth keen· ness Lieut.-Col. Carey of the Weston-super-Mare Corps, was , "A" Cl'f P k the judge. Teams entered as follows: , I ton, ac ers, Temple Meads and Totterdown. They were gIven the following case :--Severe collapse, arterial bleeding from the. elbow joint, and a fractured thigh, and the time allowed ,15 mmutes. The teams were allowed for every minute they fimshed under, two points for each minute.

After a very keen competition the cup was a":arded to the Totterdown Division, who made 84t, out of a pOSSible 100, the remainder finishing up in the followmg order- Mead, 2nd with 68; Clifton, 3rd, with 59; Packers, 4-th, WIth 58; "A 1, Clifton, 5th, with 57·

The members of the winning team were: F. Reed, Corpl. Brown, Ptes. Price, T. Kiddie I n awarding the cups to the WlOner, the Judge gave the teams a lecture on the things which they left und<:ne, and the things they ought to have done, no doubt wIll be a great help to the teams in future competItIons,

The members of the Totterdown the ., f the" Bevl s " Cup at a SOCial eveOlng. The Secre- wmntng 0 tar read a letter from Dr. J. J. S. honorary reiretting his absence, and cong.ratulat1Og the DlvlslOn on winning the trophy, which he conSIdered well deserved.

-FIRST AI D.- Septembtr, 1920.

Sergt. F. Reed (captain), in handing over the cup to the Superintendent of the Division, said how proud they were to have won by a margin of 23 points.

Superintendent L. R. Crew said that the honour brought to the Division was evidence of the interest taken in first aid work, and he felt well repaid for the time devoted to the carrying on of the work.

Mr. C. E. Beavis (donor of the cup), gave an address which induded the history of the cup, an outline of ambulance work in Bristol from its starting, and congratulated the men on their conquest. It was mentioned that a class of instruction WQuid shortly be started.

NO.3 District.

N0RTHAMPTON.-An interesting presentation took place on Friday evening , September loth) at the Ambulance Hall, King-street, Northampton.

The Officers and Nursing Sisters of the Headquarters', Castilian, and Spencer Divisions, presented Miss Osborn, Lady Superintendent of the Spencer Division, with a leather blouse case, and a mirror.

The presentation Vvas made by Lady District Superintendent Mrs. Harvey Reeves, A.R.R.C.

Miss Osborn was also the recipient of a handsome gold bracelet, which was presented by :--J" ursing Officer Mrs. Lievesley on behalf of the Spencer Division.

M.iss Osbor.n has been a member of the Nursing- Division, SlOce Its formatIon 21 years ago, and has now resigned @wing to leaving the town to take up work elsewhere.

No. 4 District.

BOLLINGTON. - The Superintendent of the Division Informs. us new. scheme adopted by the Priory of Wales 10 provldmg medIcal comforts on loan has been in in his Division for some three years past. The artlc!e.s are loaned not only to the sick poor but to anyone requiring them, free of charge.

We are sorry to see such a large deficit on the balance sheet of the Di.vision, but this is due in a great measure, to the cost of repairs of the motor ambulance after an accident.

No. 5 District.

The annual inspection of the North Staffordshire Rall.way C<:>rps was held at M<?reton on August 29 th

The inspecting officer was Assistant Comm,issioner J. R. Arlldge, L.RC.P., L. R.C.S., who was accompanted by Di::.trict Secretary F. E. Buckley an.d District Officer J. R. Hey (reserve). The corp5 officers m attendance were Superintendent F. H. Bury, Mr. J. H. Hookham (treasurer ) Mr W Walker (secretary), Mr. C. E. Evans ( Inspector of and Mr. R. Bagnall (reserve) , Divisions were on. parade, in charge of the followingDIvIsional officers: Superintendent H. Holmes, Burton' Officer A. Stoke; Officer J. Hollinshead, ton; Officer.F. Shelley, Cresswell and. Blythe Bridge; Officer G. H. Buckley, Alsager ; Officer A. Leigh, Newcastle; Officer W. Huxley, Uttoxeter; Sergeont T. Clewlew, Longport. Sergt. F. Sutherns, Couidon. there we ' offic 4 NCO' d' re 14 ers, 0 s, an 114 pnvates present making a total of 168.

First ?f. there was an inspection of Divisions in line and the DIvIsIonal secretaries. presented the parade to th.e Corps Sec retary,. whIlst the secretary's books were by the inspecting officer, Dr. Arlidge. The DivisIons then marched. past, in in of their officers, sU.bsequently and In line. The whole of work was carned out With soldierly smartness S d dnll and stretcher drill followed and finally there' qua d '11 d ',was Company n an. an address by the inspecting officer.

Dr. Arhdge the Corps upon their appearance, and the only cntlclsm he had to offer was a friendly

w<?rd for more attention to be made to stretcher drill, for which railway men had not the best of opportunities for meeting together. It was extra work for them to attend to these ambulance duties, but it was very necessary and very interesting work. In ambulance work, drill was absolutely necessary for good drill usually meant good work, but book work was most essential. Let them stick to their book in the first place, and attend and learn their drills, and they would always be able to present in a state of efficiency and be ready for whatever calls might have to be made upon t'hem. .The arrangements. for. the inspection were excellently out under the dIrectIOn of Corps Officer C. E. Evans, aSSIsted by Officer W. Walker, Officer A. Leigh, and Sergt. F. Brassmgton.

NC;lTTIN.GHAM.-Bulwell Ambulance and Nursing DivisIOn, WIth fnends to the number of 80, rallied in the Market on September 4 th The o!ficers present being Supt. L. SullIvan, Lady Supt. MISS WellIngton, and Nursing Officer 1'I:1 rs James. The part):' were conveyed by motor charabanc by route to The Dukeries, where upon arnval some sought solItude m rambles through leafv lanes' more venturesome, went further afield or with the giddy Students of nature were lost in admiration at the glones of hill and dale clothed in wild profusion with bracken and heather and the magnificence of the of the wood

Various sports were in u.nder the supervision of Han. Sec. S. Burrows WIlson Dlv. Sec. J. Collins, which caused amusement to the partIcIpants and especially to the spectators.

Lunch. was with evident satisfaction, after whIch vanous at. were visited. Tea was then served to all did Justice, after which more sports a Journey terminating a most enjoyable tIme to whIch everyone contributed.

No.6 District.

BRANDON.-:- The Br.andon Colliery Division took the dutIes of rendermg first aId on the field of the Institute Sports Brand<;>n, on August 14th, when about six cases were attended t<? the week end and was mu ch appreciat d' h dlstnct. e In e

On the same day the Division had a Flag Day h' h Th ,w IC was a e collected by the ladies of the Hom NurSing Class and was £15 I6s. rod., leaving a balanc: of £14 6s. eqUipment of the Division.

The DIVISion has done well in ambulance c this s fi ompetJtlOns ummel', gammg two rsts and two seconds ad' the Shield at n credit IS due to theIr Instructors. ,much

Th e following were members of the ( ) S team :- M. Brown captam, ergt. G. Hoggarth, Sergt. R. Farrell, Corpl. H McPease, Pte. R. Dawson.

September, 1920. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 37

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette.

AUGUST, 1920.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 29 ( Waltham stow) Division.-Ambulance Officer Samuel C. Knight to be Divisional Supt., 10.8.20, vice Supt. A. Blum resigned.

No. 42 (Barnet ) Division.-William George Harnett, M.D., B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, 8.7.20.

No. 83 ( Northern Heights ) Division.-Colonel Edwin J a mes King, C.M.G., to be No. 20 ( Hampstead ) DlVlslOn.-Pnvate Alfred Edwin Harford to be Ambulance Officer, 9.8.20.

No. 7N (Wimbledon) Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Mrs. Sylvia Scott to be Nursing Officer, 9 8.20, vice Nursing Officer Bruman resigned.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Alfred John 0 wens: Britton to be District Sergeant, 27.7 20 City of Gloucester Division.-Ambulance Officer John S [lJith to be Divisional Supt., 9.7.20, vice Dr. F. H. Sprague r esigned Sergt. George Jackson to be Ambulance Officer, 9.7. 20 NO.3 DISTRICT.

Dudley and D istrict Corp3 ( Dudley i Division ) -Ambulance Offi cer A. Winbow to be Divisional Supt., 4.8.20.

lJudley and District Corps (Dudley Nursing Division ).Nursing Sister Miss Edith Ollis to be Lady Divisional Supt. r6 8.20, vice Miss H. Little resigned.

Birmingham Corps ( City Division ).-Divisional Supt. P Cohen, O.B.E., resigned 27.7.20, and transferred to the Bngade Reserve, 27.7.20.

Bedford Town Division.-Sergt. John Spencer to be DlVlsional Supt., 31.8.20.

Leicester Corps.-Divisional Supt. John George Powell to be Corps Officer, 27.8.20, vice Corps Officer T. B. Matthews resigned, 1. 3.20 . . . Divisional Supt. Joseph WIllIam Farmer to be Corps Officer, 26.8.20, vice Corps Officer G. O. Dobson resigned, 6.2.20.

Nursing Sister Ethel Heywood to be Nursing Officer, 22·7·20.

Nursing Sister Miss Grace Holgate to be Officer, 21.7.20, vice Nursing Officer Mrs. Hilda Gransbury resigned. Spen Valley Gorps (Heckmondwike and Liversedge Division ).-Joseph Butcher to be Divisional Supt. 26.7 20. Sergt. Albert Edward Wilkinson to be Ambulance Officer, 26.7. 2 0.

Nottingham Corps (Stapleford Nursmg Division ).-Nursing Sister Miss Kate Cor dew to be Lady Divisional Supt., 12.8.20, vice Mrs. C. Garland resigned.

Nottingham Corps ( Bulwell Nursing Division ).-Nursing Officer Miss Catherine Wellington to be Lady DiVisional Supt., 12.8.20, vice Mr. -Leaning resigned.

Nursing Sister Mrs. Emily James to be Nursing Officer, 12.8.20.

Cleakheaton Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Agnes Elizabeth Untbank to be Nursing Officer, II 8.20. Nursing Sister Miss Mary Alice Tasker to be Nursing Officer, 12.8.20.

Bradford "lona" Nursing Division.-W. MacLaron MacIlraith, L.R.C.P. & S., D.P.H., L.D.S., to be D Ivisional Surgeon, 11.8 20. .,

Nottingham Corps ( Band Dlvlslon ).-DlVlslOnal Supt. R. Davies resigned and placed on the Brigade Reserve, 9. 8 20

Ambulance Officer Fred. A. Banner to be Divisional Supt. 30.7.20.

Nottingham Corps ( Cammell Laird Division ).-Pte. WIlliam T. Titterington to be Divisional Supt., 24 .7. 20 .

D. Montague B. Snell, M RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 24.7. 20

Pte. James Diggle to be Ambulance Officer, 24.7.7 0

NO.6 DISTRICT.

District Officer Mrs. Holmes, M.B.E., resigned, 20.8.20, and transferred to the Brigade Reserve. Derwent Valley Corps ( Benfieldside Nursing Division).Nursing Sister Mrs. Eva Ethel Peile to be Nursing Officer, 5. 8 20 West Hartlepool Nursing Division. - Nursmg Officer Mrs. A. Coulson resigned, 20 8.20.

Gateshead Borough Nursmg -:--Margaret A. Alexander, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.A., to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon, 5. 8 20

With the object of exchanging information and ideas as to the means whereby the number of industrl'aI 'rl ht b d d aCCIl.,lents mIg e re uce the Home Secretary and th 'd of the British Industrial "Safety FI'rst" A .e presl ent SSOclatlOn have arranged a " ,nference to be held at Olympia 0 S t b d D' h' n ep em er 22n. unng t e mornIng papers will be read add' cussed on "Safety First and its Application to th F n IS- "s rd' f M . e actory" a,eguar Illg 0 "and "First A'd' h d ' 1 In e Factory, an at the afternoon session there will be t . "s f F' en-mInute on a ety Irst at Port Sunlight" "Th ltd t f "s {' F' ,e n ro uc0 Irst Methods at Edgar Allen & Co " Safely FIrst III a Steel Works" an. 1 "Som Ob , on a Practical Safety Scheme ,,' HomeeS 'd h . . ecre ary WIll presl e at e mOrnIng sessIOn and Lord Leve h 1 '11 th h ·· , r u me WI occupy e c aIr In the afternoon.

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Rochdale Corps (Rochdale Nursing Division).-Alan Richardson, M.R.C S., L.RC.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 188.20.

Leigh Nursing Division.-Nursing Miss Lizzie Corless to be Lady Divisional Supt., 16.8.20, vIce Mrs. J. Clare resigned.

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. C. N. S. Smiley to be Lady District Officer, 12.8.20. .,

Earby Nursing Division.-Nursmg MISS Lily Standen to be Lady Divisional Supt., 22.7.20, vICe Lady Supt. Mrs. G. Ellis resigned.

Nursing Sister Mrs. Mary Ann Pringle to be Lady DIVlsional Supt., 5. 8 . 20 . . . Beverley Nursing Division.-Lady DlVlslOnal Supt. MISS Norah Stephenson resigned, 12.8 20. N ewcastle-on- Tyne Corps (J esmond N urslOg Dlv!sJon). -Lady Divisional Supt. Miss M. E. Boyd, A.RR.C., reSigned, 9. 8 20 M' L F Wallsend Nursing DlvlslOn.-Lady Supt. ISS alrweather resigned, 13. 8 20•

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. James Woodward Riley to be District Officer, 28.8.20. C B E b C Shrewsbury Corps.-Wllliam SWire, ., to e orps Supt., 28.8 20.

No.8 DISTRICT.

Littlehampton Division.-Ambulance Officer Polhill resigned, 20.8.20.

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - September, 19 20

Folkestone Division.-Divisional Supt. J. G. Strood resigned, 13.8.20.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Falmouth Division.-Richard Hickens Quick to be VicePresident, 25.8.20.

NH:W DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned and disbanded:

NO.1 DISTRICT.

Garden Suburb (H ampstead) Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 13.8.20. Twickenham Division.-Sanctioned, 10.8.20.

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Harpenden Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 10.8.20.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. North Kent Ambulance Division.-Sanctioned, 20.8.20.

DEATHS.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Divisional Surgeon G. Savage, Beverley Division, reported 29.7.20.

JAMES R. ANDREW (Colonel), ChIef Commissioner.

New S.J.A.A. Badge.

IT is notified for information that n.R.H. The Grand Prior and the Chapter-General of the Order of St. John have approved of the device depicted here and on page 23 of the 35th Edition of "First Aid to the Injured" as the official badge of the St. John AmbulanCe Association on stationery and certificates only.

. A Short History of the Order in WhICh a.re explained the. original and modern of the can be obtamed on application to St. John's Gate, pnce 6d., by post 8d.

Elecros of the new badge can be supplied by the Stores Departm.ent at 3s. 9d. each, postage extra. -------.--.-----

C?ief of the St. John Ambulance ASSociatIOn IS recelvmg anum ber of enquiries for particulars of forthcoming First Aid and Horne Nursing Classes both men ar:d women. He would, therefore, be glad to early mformati?n .from Centre and Class Secretanes m London DIstrIct; of their arrangements for classes dunng the coming winter.

H.R.H. The puke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order of HospItal of St. John of Jerusalem in England has appomted Lord Monson to the office of Director of the. Ambulance Department, rendered vacant by the resignation, through pressure of other work, of the Earl of Donoughmore. Lord .Monson, who is a Knight of Justice of the Order and Presldent of the Lincoln County Centre of the St. J ohn bulance. Association, has for some time past taken an lctlve part m the work of the A b I D t h' m u ance epar ment, m w lch he IS keenly interested.

Royal Red Cross (2nd Class).

IT is officiallx that, with a view to facilitating the more rapId dIstrIbutIOn of War decorations no more of the R?yal Red Cross (2nd CI;ss), or of certam other decoratIOns, awarded in connection with the War will be summoned to an Investiture held by the King personally.

Any lady who has been awarded this decoration will have the option of receiviug it at an Investiture in the county in which resides or of having it sent by post. The InvestIture to will be held by the Lord Lleutenant, but only If It IS found that a sufficient number of recipients t.o be present at the ceremony.

Any w.h.om thIS notIce may concern is requested to apply m wnt10g to the Secretary, C. 2., Investitures War Office, Whitehall, stating whether in the stances she to receive the insignia by post or at a County InvestIture. She should also give her full name and postal.address (specifying the .county) and particulars of her serVIce by whIch she can be Identified.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

THE number of fO.r the services of our Nursing V.A.D. members dUrIng t.he past month is 70.

We have appomted 4r NurSIng members during the m?n.th, all thes.e appointments having been made to M10lstry of PenSIOns Hospitals.

We have now forwarded 579 applications to the Overseas Settlement Office for free passages to enable ex-V.A.D. members to proceed to the Dominions.

The work of the General Service Department is gradua!ly decreasing. Some of the Staff have already been demobllised, but those who remain are still very busy. over 300 mem bers serving Overseas, almost evenly .dlstnbuted between Constantinople, the Army of the RhIne and France.

Of the G S.V.A.D members who signed further conafter April 30th last, 858 have already been demobIhsed, but there is still a very large num ber employed in home hospitals.

Present contracts are supposed to come to an end on 31st next, and, if no further arrangement is arrived at wlth the War Office, G S.V.A D. members-as suchwill cease to exist by the end of October.

. Dispensers, clerks, radiographers, head cooks, etc.-m. fact, all the experts--have done excellent work since thls of the service was first opened, and the fact that 10 a great the O.c.'s of hospitals at home, and dIrectors of medical services abroad, are stL!1 anXIOUS that the services of these members should be retamed, proves that the work of the section has been a very great success.

Acc?rding to the. latest information received from Con.stantlDople, the mIlitary authorities may require the serVlCeS of mem bers for a further contract, but, as stated above, no new arrangement with the War Office has as yet been undertaken.

With the of the V.A.D. Hospital, the responsibIlIty for 100k1Og after members from Overseas invalided home fallen to the Welfare Department. By arrangement wlth the War Office, three beds have been reserved

September, 19 20 - FIR S 'T

at St Saviour's Hospital, Osnaburgh-street, and three more at which has been recognised for this purpose as a convalescent hospital. These arrangements have now been in force a month, and have worked excellentl,YBeechgrove is extremely full and has proved a very SUltable place for a convalescent home.

It is a great pleasure to be able to report that the results of the examinations recently taken by members training under the V.A.D. Scholarship Scheme have been uniformly satisfactory.

Most of the members who hav e taken the ont;! year's course of training as Health Visitors have been successful in gaining the and very good resu\ts have be en obtained by those takmg the School M a trons course.

Others of our membtrs have completed the Cord en Bleu Course as Institutional Cooks, and are thus enabled to take re ally responsi ble posts. .

A considerable number of memb ers who were takmg the six months' course in midwifery have now successfully finished their training, and, having obtained the C.M B. Certificate, are qualified to practise. .

We should like to make special mention of the fact that one of our m em bers training in X Ray work was. in her medical electricity examination, bracketed, with three other students, fiist in England.

We think, ther e fore, that the examination results of this first year's training are most gratifying, and that the candidates have fully justified their selection under the V.A.D. Scholarship Scheme.

Indian Red Cross.

WITH a view to bringing into effect th e various conditions laid down in the Indian Red Cros3 Society Act of 19 20 , the Joint War Committee of the Order of. St. John. of Jerusalem and the British Red Cross IndIan Branch at a meeting of its General CommIttee held on the 7 th nominated the first members of Indian Red Cross Society, and from among those ongInal members elected a temporary Managing Body to carry out the work of the Society.

On this being effected the Joint War Committee ceased to function under that title, and all Red Cross work hitherto carried out by it now devolves upon the Managing Body of the Indian Red Cross Society.

All communications in connection with the Red Cross in India should in future be addressed to the Chairmar: or Honorary Secretary of the Indian Red Cross SOCIety, Headquarters, Simla.

The Countess of Yarborough, a Lady of Justice of the Order of the Hospital of John of Jerusalem in England, ha.s accepted the office of Lady .of t?e Centre of the St. John Ambulance ASSOCIatIOn m Lmcolnshire.

When corresponding with Advertisers mention "First Aid."

A Winter Programme for the S.J.A.B.

IT is not necessary to deal with the reasons why the work of the S J.A.B. should be extende L Thes e are manifold and clamant, and well known to all of us who are interested in the movement , how eve r it is not with the Exte nsion of the work we wish to deal at the present m omen t, but how to maintain an enthusiastic and k ee n interest of its present members.

It is a general complaint, more par ticularly amongst country Divisions, that there is not Enough intertst in the work, many of thes e country Divisions only meet for drills and have very few opportunities of rendering actual First Aid like the Corps and Divisiom situated in cities, naturally after a time inter e st flags with the resultant poor attendances and gradual extinction of the Division.

This is a position which can be overcome by a lit tle organisation, in the first place the success or failure of a D iv isi o n d epends upon not only the Efficiency but the initiative, p e rsonality and tact of its officers, a competent officer has comp etent N.C.O.'s and compet ent N.C.O.'s mean competent men, therefore, it is of p9.ramount importance that the officers, elected by the mem bers are men not afraid of work and who make their presence felt.

The next important item is to map out a programm.e of work varied with social functions, we well know that It is necessal'Y to maintain efficiency, but at the same time, lectures and entertainments of various charact er s do more to keep a Division intact than any other means, and it is nec e ssary to make these a large feature, in fact every Division should be a social club.

This is a subject of such importance that we decided to offer two priz es of one guinea and. gumea for the two best Winter Programmes for a DLvlSlon, mitted by our readers, full particulars of the competltIOn will be found below.

Readers are asked to submit their papers to give us a few details of the way they would organise the various items suggested. We by means to be able. to give to the Brigade the vanous Ideas of our rea?ers perhaps will be the means of creating a greater mt ere st In the work.

WINTER PROGRAi\IME COMPETITION.

Two PrizeS-1st, 21S.; 2nd, lOS. 6d,-are fur the most original programm e of f?r the Session of a Division of the lD.tO conslderation both practical and entertamIOg POInt of Vlew.

An entry must be made under a. nom de plume and. the full name and address of the comp etltor must also be given on a separate sheet of paper.

The Editor reserves to himself the t? ,PublIsh any of the papers submitted for competitIOn, glVlng due credit to the author of same. Any papers selected. for publication will be regarded as the property of the who does not guarantee to return any of them, neIther does he hold himself f.o r any paper lost.

Entries for this competItIOn Will close October 12th, r9 2o , and all matter must by that date be 10 the hands of the Editor FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, E.C+ The envelopes should be marked" CompetItIOn.

Lord M o nson wa s the principal speaker at a meeting to m a ug urate the L'Ju t h C e ntre of the St Joh A b 1 . . . n m u ance HIS Lordsh ip said that they had the satisfactIOn of kn o wlO.g from th e Mayor that the first aid which they re nder e d In the rece nt disaster was of consid bl 1 t h . era e va ue 0 t e citI zens of Louth. They would a . ppreclate the spmt WhICh rendered first aid immediately th d' e Isaster occurred, and the Association did not claim to h dered th O b ave renany 109 ut first The inhabitants of Louth would understand what a kmd word and a little h 1 t . e p meant o man In trouble, and that was the spirit which wa b h' d 11 th " . s e In a e actIVItIes of the Order

Col. E. K. Cord eau x, CB.E was elected ch and D H S W lk " aIrman, r. a er VIce-chairman of the new centre.

Mr.. Cecil Armitage, of Bakewell, county director for DerbyshIre of the British Red Cross S . OCIet y, was fined lOS. at Wuksworth, D erbyshire, last month as th t e red 0 f e regls- Wner 0 a motor ambulance, exempted from E . duty, which was wrongfully us ed for carrying XClse The b I passengers am u ance, one of ten allotted to D b h' for conveying a football team contrary t: tYh s Irde, :vasdused . t e el e n ant's InS ructIOns. In imposing the nominal fine the B h k enc as ed

the Society to inquire into the general way their ambulances were used.

* *

Thanks to the Priory of Wales of the Order of St John, good u.se is to be made of the motor transport serVIce called into b-::ing during the war. Medica.l cases and surgical cases have frequently to travel twenty mIles or more to the nearest hospital and I't l' d h s propose t at the war service shall be maintained for such t' Ult' t I I pa lents. Ima e y, It IS panned to establish 175 stations throughout South and West Wales, connected by tdepho . h the police stations. ne Wit

* *

A start has already be e n made in the coalfield and of the eIght cars allotted to Carmarth h' , ens Ire) two are at present In use at Llanelly and Ammanford A . sch f fi systematIc erne 0 nanclal support from all trades ad' th ' n sectIOns of e commuDlty has been devis e d and th II' h' e co Iery owners ave promised a sum of one shilling per e 1 a Th' mp oyee per nnum. e mIn e rs are asked to p ay a penny per we ek per man, In return for which the ambulance ca '11 b the disposal of their wives and child 11 rs WI e at I • ren as we as of themse yes. Many of the miners' lod S ges In outh Wales ha ve voted In fav o ur of financial support.

* *

The Home S :- cretary gi:es notice of his t . mak d In entlOn to e an or er prOVIdIng for the welfare of k ployed in textile factories and worksh e rs embl h " ops, pnnt works eac Ing and dyeIng wor ks and t ' d 0 rope works Thi or e r wIll, among other matt e rs make it co I' 5 I ,mpu sory on th emp oyer to provide for wo rkmen e ngaged e '. In we t dusty noxwus or offenSIve processes suitable pt' ' , d d ro ectlv e clothing' a equate ressmg and cloak -room acc o m d ) . h mo atwn' mess rooms Wit backed se ats; first-aid b . )h oxe s ) and In cases were 500 or more persons are employed an b 1 room. am u ance.

* '*

Objections to the propo:ed ord e r will be r e the Secretary of State at the Home Offi .celved by d ce wIthIn twent one ays from 3rd. The Ch' f I yFactories will also be willing . Ie n.spector of receIve, In certaIn stances, small deputations of employers to d' cucumof detail. ISCUSS matters

* *

The Joint Committee of the British R d C St. John of Jerusalem will make as' 1e ross and October and N0vember for funds with t effort during work among ex-soldiers and'I h IC carryon its sal ors w 0 are stIlI in n d f treatment, and also to assist the ci '1 h' ee 0 VI ospltals and c . InstitutIOns. It is hoped that th 11' uratlve d e co ectIOns on one S ay throughout the kingdom can b une given to the SOCIetIes, and an appeal urging this h b . JOInt A hb h as een Signed by th rc IS ops of Canterbury and York Cd' e the heads of the Fr e e Churches. 'Th a : Bourne an.d

Sunday, November 14th and th se lected IS ,e amount from the II hons will be shared with the I I se co ech mpena War Relief F d W Ich IS dealing with the t h '. un Europe. yp us epIdemIC of Central

September, 19 20 -FIRST

A War Vignette, (RELATIVES OF WOUNDE1'».

By MARGUERITE FEDDEN.

BRRRRR! IBrrrrr! and yet more inconsistent Brrrrrrrre! Awakened en sursaut I jumped out of my magnificent canopied bed, slipped my feet into quilted slippers put on a warm padded Japanese dressing gown, and with electric torch in hand desce::lded to the front door of the quaint old French mansion.

There I waited while my trusted orderly opened th e e:reat gates of the courtyard to admit a bewildered and travel-stained couple of middle age, who stepped down slowly from the ambulance which had conveyed them from the hospital.

We hurried them in and before long they were outsid e a good meal of bully beef, bread and butter and tea. Mean-

AI D.- 41

poplar-lined roads through villages and town, to their destination-the bedside of their boy.

After a brief stay there, unless the boy was in great danger, they were motored to the Relatives Hostel for a needed good night's rest.

And how tired they were! If we had offe r ed them to lie on they would have been grateful, but their biltets were quaint tapestried rooms, with mysterious cupboards lel: Into the walls, with canopied beds in which perhaps Royalty had slept, with benitier and cruifix on the wall, backed by the ubiquitous branch of the bl essed box. We offered them hot water and basins to wash it th e size of a respectable British sugar basin, a nd . ' oblivion.

The next morning, after a good breakfast, th e y were motored to the hospital, and returned for a mid-day meal. In the .afternoon there was the same procedur e, and In they returned to supper , and a p leasant evemng enlIvened by gam e s, music, and di ve rtin g ta lkanything to distract them from too much br o od in g over their trouble.

while their story was told. Two days previously they were notified by the authorities that their only son was on the "Dangerously Ill" list of the General Hospital B.E.F., and that permission to visit him had been granted.

In an agony of apprehension they started forth on a journey they had never dreamt of before and at a few hours notice. No wonder they were woebegone and dazed, although all had been made easy for them on the way. Being relatives of "a full blown private" their return tickets were free and they were the joint guests of the Government and the Y.M.C.A. Officers relatives, by the way, paid their own fares when able to, and wer e entertained either by th e Y. M.C.A. or the Red Cross. On the cross channel boat, the military marshalling the passengers ready to show passports, first called out in a stentorian voice: "Any relatives visiting wounded?" and if so, those persons were hurried through with as little delay or formality as possible.

At the port of disembarkation they were met and refreshed and then raced along the long white, straight,

A.B

A large percentag e of the patien ts t urned th e corner when their relations came to see them it was the me ntal relief which was as a weight in the scales For the doc t ors did not always wait until there was no hope. Th e y considered the advantage to the patient and sent for r el ativ es when it was a long case and the a.rrival of th e wife or parents would give a new lease of life to the bedridden hero, medicine and psychology going h a nd i n h a nd. Sometimes the patient died, and then all one s force was required to help the poor bereaved, suffe ring in a foreign land, and to support them when they followed the fi agcovered coffin to the milifary cemetary on the hill outside the town.

The visit at an end, we would drive the relatives to the station fortified by hot coffee and packets of sandw iches to await the train taking them to the port, for th o ugh out from England at top speed, they return e d at leisure, as there was then not the same urgency for q uick tra velling.

A humane and glorious work was this reception of

Inspection by the Chief Commissioner of members of the recently formed South-Eastern and Chatham District, S.J.

-FIRST

relatives of wounded and sick, and privileged were we to participate in in.

Countless persons came from "Blighty" to visit the boys who could not get there, and the Y. M. CA. entertained a very large proportion.

Princess Mary, during her visit to France, visited a Relatives Hostel run by the Red Cross.

We may be thankful, however, that the need of such work is over and done with, we hope for ever and ever.

Let the League of Natinns see to it that it is so.

Mine Rescue Apparatus. *

SECOND REP ORT OF RESEARCH COMMITTEE.

AN extremely interesting s econd report has recently been issued by the Mine Rescue Apparatus Research Committee of the Advisory Council of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The members of the Committee are Mr. William Walker, Chief Inspector of Mines, Dr. Henry Briggs, and Dr. J. S. Haldane, F.R.S. Part of the terms of referenc e to the Committee gave it the task of determining by experiment what improvements in apparatus are possible, thus rend e ring it incumbent on the Committee to prove that it was feasible to devise a compressed oxygen rescue apparatus which complied with the very strict requirements of the first report.

The present report is divided into four parts: the first physiological, wherein are noted some important new physiological facts ; the second an investigation of deaths due to rescue appantus; the third raising the question of Home Office approval of mine rescue apparatus; the last entitled Miscellaneous.

Part I gives an excellent summary of the physiology of respiration; and the first feeling of the reader that the subject is treated as if respiration were merely a mechanical process, depending upon the physical laws of diffusion, is speedily corrected when it is stated that certain phenomena seem only to be explain e d by the view that the living cells of the lung epithelium possess the faculty of secreting oxygen from the air and handing it forward at enhanced pressure to the blood.

Attention is called to the entirely incorrect view that oxygen is a " dope II and that the breathing of highly enriched air results in a rapid burning up of the tissues accompanied by excitement and violent bursts of physical energy, or that it is followed by d e pression and lassitude. It is necessary to breathe air containing over 80 per cent. oxygen continuously for two days before evil e ffects make themselves felt. The curious thing is that the dope view persists even among rescue station instructors, and that many airmen have an antipathy to what they consider to be the drug-like properties of this gas.

Perhaps the most interesting observations recorded in the report are those by Dr. Briggs, on " Oxygen and Physical Fitness," which throw a new light on fatigue. It is known that many men who are not in good physical condition derive great benefit during exertions from the enriched air of a rescue apparatus; they can walk faster and more comfortably than when breathing ordinary air. On the other hand, miners and men in good training seemed to derive little or no benefit from the enriched air. With

* H.M. Stationery Office, 25. nett.

AI D. - September, 1920

ordinary air an analysis of the expired air of men in good physical training showed during exertion a much higher percentage of CO z and a lower percentage of oxygen than in the case of meu not in good training. In other words, less air is breathed by men in good training for a given consumption of oxygen or amount of work.

When the enriched air of a rescue apparatus was used, an analysis showed little or no alteration of the percentages of CO2 and oxygen in the case of men in good training. But with men not in good training the percentage of CO2 in the expired air became as high during exe rtion as in men training; so that for th e m the amount of air breathed for a given rate of work is considerably less with enriched air than with ordinary air.

The explanation given is that when, during muscular exertion, a far larger C! mount of oxygen has to be taken, there is not time in the men not in good training for the hacmoglobin to become fully saturated by diffusion alone if ordinary air is breath e d: the epithelium lining the aveoli must also actively pass oxygen inwards. The activity of the epithelium can be increased by practice ; and this is the case with miners and other fit men so that they r eceive no benefit from enriched air.

In the unfit man the epithelium fails to pass in the proper supply of oxygen for exertion unless "the diffusion pressure is raised by the enriched inspired air.

Dr. Briggs applied th e se new facts as the basis of a m e thod of testing physical fitness during the war, and the physiological response of a man to oxygen during muscular exertion was used as a test of whether or not he was in good training as regards lungs, and by inference, In ordinary cases, of his general physical fitness.

Parts II to IV of the report on "Standardisation of Types" points out that deaths should not b e said to occur through the use of rescue apparatus when they are due to the wearer re moving the mouth piece, or turning off the oxygen, or improperly adjusting the apparatus. In its first r e port the Committee recommended that th e Home Office should institute a scheme of testing rescue apparatus; the Committee now (Part III) lays down the conditions an "approve d apparatus" must fulfil. The attitude of the Committee in this respect seems judicious :-

" We do not," the re port states, "think that standardisation' in the sense of prescribed uniformity of construction, is to be recommended. We prefer that th e field for invention and inquiry should be left open rather than be circumscribed by a hard-and-fast specification."

The most the Committee desires is that "the manner of testing should be standardised."

Part IV disscusses anum ber of practical difficulties that have been encountered in the choice of materials for apparatus and in construction. There are two appendices: in the one a compressed oxygen rescue apparatus , designed by Dr. Briggs, is described; in the other some ergometric fitness tests are set out.

September, 19 20 . -FIRST

London Street Dangers.

THE report of the Commissioner of Police as to .the mber of fatal street accidents in the Metropohtan nu h area during 1919 emphasises the increased dangerS whtc pedestrians have to face by reason of the congestion of the thoroughfares and the advent of motor The following figures giving the number of persons by accidents known to the police to have occurred 10 the streets during the Ye&.rs 1904 to 1919 speak volumes:-

AI

familiar blu e, and the V.A.D , in khaki lent a pleasing touch of colour to the parade, while the members presented a smart and business like appearance.

CHIEF COMMISSIONER'S CON GRATULATION S

At the command of Commandant C. G. Yates, Corps Officer, Y.A.D., 53, they stood smartly to attention during the inspection, and at the conclusion th ey were warmly congratulated by Sir James Clark, who mentioned that the question as to whether they should receive medals for their work during the war was now receiving the attention of Parliament. He was in hopes that medals would be issued not only to those two branches of the voluntary service but to Territorials and [Lany others, because there was not the least doubt that those who did work at home in the war were equally entitled to recognition with those who served overseas. He expressed regret that the badges for the Police Division had not yet arrived, and promised that the matter should receive his immediate attention.

A GENUINE GRIEVANCE.

While 19,027 persons were injured of the deaths were 138 caused by private motor-cae and 36 ?y motor-omibuses. These figures show a substantIal Increase over those for th e preceding The" Safety First" Council attnbute th e Increase ?f street accidents to the fact that the r.emam abnormally crowded and congested ; that .many drivers have be en absorbed to meet mcr e ased v ehIcular requirements; and that there are drivers. have yet readapted there habits to ordinary condItIOns war service. Furthermore, it is that a spmt of recklessness is unfortunately maOlfest on the. part . of pedestrians in boarding and publtc service vehicles At th e sam e time It 1S pomted out that the stoppage of railways during th e strike last year (Sept. 27 th to October 6th 1919) drove into the streets thousand s. of people who' travel by rail (including the two passengers carrie d daily by the U ndergrou,nd Rail way), and considerable congestion and confuslOn resulted. During the ten days 660 calls for am?ulances were received by the London Ambulance ?erVICe, the great majority being attributable to street aCCIdents.

Ambulance Convoy Work.

DI STRIBUTION OF BADGES AT BRIGHTON.

Sir William Gentle proposed a vote of thanks to the Chief Commissioner, and congratulated the members upon the high commendation he had bestowed upon them. Sir J ames Clark, he said, felt very keenly th e fact. t hat there had not been some definite Government recogOltlOn of the work that had been done by St. John Ambulance, and he felt confident their Member (Alderman Thomas-Stanford) would warmly support in Parliament any measure that would remove what was felt to be a genuine grievance.

Collieries and Pirst Aid.

CORRESPONDENCE has b een recently carried on in the " Newcastle Evening Chronicle" relative to first aid equip: ment in the collieries of Northumberland and Durham. One correspondent, pointing out the laxity on part of the management in providing ambulance matenal. Mr. W. G. Tully, general manager of the Igl odine Co.,. Ltd., points out from expriences the Compa?y, that qUIte the contrary is the case, and theIr representatIves, who call on practically every colliery in Northumberland and Durham, speak very highly of the and up -to-date ambulance and first aid stat lOllS whIch are to the majority of the collieries. Another featur e IS that, 10 most collieries, quite a number o! the men are thoroughly competent and efficient" first alders" and mem bers of St. John Ambulance Brigade.

The West Riding Territorial Branch of the St. John Am bulance Association has issued an illustrated memorial book as a souvenir of the work of the V.A. D. hospitals in th e West Riding. Besides describing the varied branches of the work of the detachment, the volume contains numerous photographs of the outside and inside of the different hospitals. Former members of detachments who want copies should apply to the Assistant County Director's Office at 9, St. Leonard's, York.

The Red Crescent, which takes the place of the Red Cross in Turkey, developed considerably duri?g the war. It had under its charge 27,IIO beds, in whIch 162,14 6 wounded cases were treated. It also opened popular kitchens, in which 35,000 indignent persons we.re fed, and an infirmary and out -patient department for chIldren.

When corresponding with Advertisers ple86e mention "FiNt Aid "

No. 5 (North Eastern) District, S.J.A.B.

1920 CAMP.

THE NO.5 District held a 7 days' camp at Squire's Gate, Blackpool, from August 1st to August 8th.

Arrangements were made for a troop-train to start from Sheffield where the majority of the men entrainedothers being picked up en route. The total number in camp comprised :District Staff Officers, 7 other officers, 29 sergeants, 63 corporals and privates, 511. Total of all ranks, 610.

The following Corps and Divisions were represented :-

Corps.-Denaby Main, Ilkeston and District, Nottingham, Pontefract, Rotherham, Sheffield, and Warsop.

AID. - September, 1920

The camp was fixed between the railway and the sandhills on a fiat sandy site, the Officers' quarters consisting of four lines of bell-tents and two marquees for mess, etc , together with camp kitchen the men's quarters were composed of six lines of bell-tents (six men to a tent), with marques for hospital, sergeant's mess, canteen, and stores, together with complete camp-kitchen, and incinerator.

Arrangements had been made for three parades daily, during which instruction in drill and First Aid lectures were given, these parades being timed so that after dinner the men were free to leave camp except those detailed (or camp duty.

On Thursday, August 5th, the Chief Commissioner, Col. Sir James R. A Clark, C.B., C.M.G, F.R.C.S.E., visited the camp, inspected the men on parade, took the salute at the march past and inspected the whole arrangement of the camp, after which he congratulated the Commissioner, the Staff Officers and all other ranks present on the efforts thev had made for the success of the camp, he also expressed his satisfaction with the general efficiency at his Inspection that day and made mention of his notice that so many of those present were wearing ribbons denot-

September, 19 20 -FIRST

the men were then fallen out forfabod';lt half-an-hour after which a return was made to camp or mner.

On Friday afternoon Sports held, an programme being arranged producmg numerous entnes for the varied events, and keen contests amongst the cometitors for the prizes offered, to the value of over £3 0 had been subscribed by the Officers.

The prizes were presented to the successful competItors in the Canteen during the same evening by the missioner, after which the Sergeants opportumty of presenting to the Adjutant-Captam to 1st Class Sergt. Beasley (Sheffield Corps) a mounted walking stick, the former as an appreciatIOn o.f his work as an Adjutant in the Camp, and the latter of his 25 year s service in the Brigade.

On Monday, August 2nd, at the inVitatIOn of the Mayor and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. Howe), the Officers accompanied the Commissioner to the Parlour at the Town Hall. Refre3hments were provided, the Mayor in a few well-chosen words welcomed the Officers and men of the No. 5 District to the town hoped that their visit wc·.: ld be very pleasant and beneficlal

AID - 4S

Home Ambulances.

THE way in which the work of the home ambulance service is expanding is proof that the scheme instituted less than a year ago by the J oint Council of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John meets a real want. Altogeth e r, at the present time, motor ambulances are stationed at 264 places all over the country. The ambulances have been supplied in response to requests from localities as fast as they can be got ready.

The average period of service of the ambulances at work is nine month'.:, but the cases carried number 2I,I57, and the distance run is miles. The large number of patients carried proves that the aim of the Home Ambulance Committee to link the hospital with the home of the patient is being fulfilled: The fact number of patients carried IS increasmg very rapIdly proof that as the existence of the home ambulance service becom e s more widely known its us efulness is correspondingly

Divisions.-Bentinck Colliery, Bentley Colliery, Biddulph, Boisover, Brodsworth Main, Creswell, Fenton, Gainsborough, Heanor, Heeley, Mansfield Scunthorpe, Staveley Ireland Colliery, W ors boro and District.

The camp was under the command of Commissioner S. W. Malkin, who appointed Captain W. T. Wood, L,R.C.P., L R.C.S. (Creswell), 2nd in Command, Captain H. C. Harrison (Denaby Main Corps), as Adjutant j Lieut.-Col. Lambert, M.R.C.S., L.R.c.P., RAM.C. (T.), as P. M. 0.; Captain Buxton (Sheffield Corps), as Quartermaster; with Acting Assistant Commissioner A B. Gibson, as Assistant Quartermaster.

The P.M.O. was ably assisted bV Corps Surgeon H. W. Horan, M.B., B.S. (Warsop Corps), and Divisional Surgeon K. H. Beverley, M.RC.S., L RC.P. (Worsboro and District).

On the arrival of the troop-train the Mayor of Blackpool, accompanied by the Mayoress, and other members of the Corporation officially welcomed the officers and men to the town, .after which the men were marched into camp, lccompamed by five of their own bands, arriving there at 1.45 p.m.

ing their service during the War, but he also recognised what great services had been rendered by the Ambulance Brigade men who, although they were unable to serve in H.M. Forces, had rendered most valuable assistance at home.

At a parade on "Wednesday, August 4th, the Commissioner took the opportunity to present to 1st Class Sergeant Beasley at the Sheffield Corps the Bar to his Long Service Medal-denoting 20 years efficient service with the Brigade, also to Corporal H. Ball of the same Corps, notification that he had been awarded the Bronze Life-Saving Medal of the Order of St. John. Corporal Ball had already received at the hands of the King the King Edward Medal for his brave action (consisting of saving life by artificial respiration at the top of a high chimney stack and lowering two men to safety), the whole parade recognised this by giving the Corporal three hearty cheers.

Route marches were arranged and carried out on Friday and Saturday, August 6th and 7th, these consisted of marching from the camp through the town to the central

in their WfAy, to which the Commissioner reDlied ho w he and his Officers appreciated t.he . w,ay 10 whic h they had been received. DUflng . thiS VlSlt. the Fre nch children who were that afternoon bemg entertamed in the Council Cham ber sang both the English and Nalio nal for the assembled company, which del ighted e verybody.

At the invitation of the CommiSSIOner the Mayor and a few members of the Council visited the Camp on .Wednesday and had lunch with the O.ffice rs, and again on Fri day-for the by the an d oth e r ladies, tea be10g provided dunng the 10terval of the Sports. t

On Sunday, August 8th, the Camp was struck a 9 a.m. all camp "material being cleared and the men e.ntra ined by I p. m. on their return to Sheffield as the diStrib uting base, thus concluding the most Camp tha t No. 5 District has held, and one whIch had been enjo yed by all ranks in Camp.

increased. Applications for ambulances have. been received from forty-eight new districts, an? they will plied as soon as they can be completed In the committee s workshops.

The local administration of the s erV1ce 1S In the hands of the county directors . The ambulances ?een lent subject to the condition that the cost t?elr being provided for by voluntary or by pubhc authorities, but in others an attempt IS made to render the sch e me self-supporting. Such returns are avaIlable as .t o the cost of the service are very encouragmg ; many count1es during the past quarter more than. covered the C?st of maintenance by fees received from patIents. For Dl?etythree ambulances, for which figures have been pro,v1ded, the cost for the quarter ended June 30th , was 1,2,480, all of which, with the e xception of £12 I, wa s recovered in fees.

A series of six lectures on "First Aid to tbe Injured" will he given by Dr N. Emlyn Jones, L.RC.P., on Wednesday evening at 8 p.m , on October 13 th , 19 20 at Toynoee Hall, 25, CommerCial-street, E.

A group of Officers at the NO.5 District Camp.

A group of N.C.O s and Men at the NO.5 District Camp.

WHEN OORRESPONDING WITH ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION" FIRST AlD."

-FIRST

The Editor in'vites Notes on actual Cases-with special rqe1'ence to good and bad -boints in Treatment-Tor inclusion in tltis Column.

UNUSUAL CAUSE OF FRACTURED BASE.

A young man was riding a 8 h.p. motor cycle when his back tyre suddenly burst and he was thrown on the ground. The cycle turned sumersault and struck him in the head. Removed unconscious to hospital by ambulance, the man died soon afterwards from fractured Base of skull. ·-A. M., Bath.

UNUSUAL CAUSE OF' GAS ASPHYXIA.

Summoned recently to a neighbour's house I found their rooms permeated with coal gas. The man and his wife were lying unconscious in bed, whilst tohree other members of the family were suffi ci ently overcome by the fumes as to require subsequent medical attention. My first action was to open all windows and doors, and my next to discover the source of the escaping gas, which to my utter surprise, I found due to thieves who had and removed the penny-in -slot meter. The man and his wife were taken to hospital and ultimately made good recoveries.-D. M., Fleet-street.

UNUSUAL CAUSE OF SU FFOCATIO N.

A. and B.-both young men-shared the same bedroom. A. was awakened one morning at 5 a.m. by inarticulate sounds from B., who was lying on his back gurgling and unconscioushis eyes wide open, his face cyanosed, and froth about his mouth. He flung his arms about and made no response when touched or addressed. Puzzled by this condition A. propped his companion up in bed with his feet over its edge, in which position he soon recovered, though for the rest of the day he felt dizzy and weak.

At the urgent request of A. (who realised the awkward fix in which he might be placed if this or another similar fit ended fatally), B. later in the day consulted a doctor, who excluded organic disease as the cause of the fit, discovered numerous small bruises about the neck, and was satisfied that these were due to suffocation caused by the collar of B.'s nightshirt, which, though loose enough to admit three fingers between it and the neck, had probably fixed (w hile he was sleeping on his back) and beihg further tightened had constricted the neck when patient had unconsciously during sleep pushed himself upward in bed.-M. F., Darbican.

Fighting Typhus by Cinema.

TilE League of the Red Cross Societies recently organised the production of a cinema film, by Major Richard Taylor of the League. This film, which was shown in the Y.M.C.A. build ing in Warsaw, represents a three-act drama dealing with tle ravages caused by typhus, espi.:cially among the poor classes in Poland, and demonstrates that cleanliness is the best form of protection against this epideI?ic. One of the most interesting scenes shows the arnval of a R(d Crose mission in a village infected with typhus. The heroine of the drama is a Red Cross nurse.

3 e

On Tuesd.lY evening, November znd, at 8 p.m , Dr. Corbet Fletcher will commence a course of Lectures on First Aid for Men at the Y.M C.A. Hall, Willoughby-road, Hampstead. Fee for course, 6s. Apply to Mr. B. Norwood, S, Ga yton-road, N. W. 3.

eueries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FlRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut lrom the current issue of the Journal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

?-The Textbook, to whi.h rqerence may be made in these columns, is the Revised (IqI9) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

ASPHYXIA AND FRACTURED RIBS.

M. B. (Stockport).- Which method of artificial respiration would you adopt for a patient suffering from Asphyxia and simple Fracture of Ribs ? Would treatment differ if fracture was complicated?

Allowing ( I ) that the emergency diagnosis of fractured ribs-simple and complicated-is always difficult and often well nigh impossible when patient is unconscious, and (2) that in such cases when breathing has ceased, the risk of converting a simple fracture of ribs into complicated is nothing if compared with the urgent need of re-starting breathing-then I would in every such iitstance adopt Schafer's Method (I), because it approximates most nearly to natural breathi ng (2), because pressure is exerted on loins and not on ribs, and (3) because traction on ribs is unnecessary.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

CARBOLIC ACID POISONING.

L. C. (Tufnell Park).- The Textbook (p. 156) says that in Carbolic Acid Poisoning "several nervous symptoms come on." Please explain this vague warning.

The effects of Poisoning by mouth are ( r) local, i.e., on gastro-intestinal canal or (2) central, i.e., on nervous system. Carbolic Acid acts in both ways (s ee Why and Wherefore in First-Aid, p. 64).

The" several nervous symptoms" of Carbolic Acid are symptoms of grave Collapse, i.e., depression of Nervous System, and are referable to respiration and consciousnessviz., rapid, shallow breathing, ending in stertor, and insensibility, with loss of all reflex movements, passing to coma and ending in death.-N. C. F.

A general meeting of the members of the Hospitallers Club was held at the Empire Cafe, Ludgate-hill, E.C . on September 9th. A lecture by Mr. H. W. Fincham on " The Old Hospitallers " was given during the evening, and was much appreciated.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up l1e above Courses at once.

A member Or S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courseii of instruction received, have often wanted to lake such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees - to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. ]. E. WALDEN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispensers of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Ph1lrmacy, estd. 1874), 112, St. Qeorge's Southwari<:, L.onaOQ,

Proof of Valu e

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Thousands of tributes from medical men are on our files, letters of praise from men who have watche.d its beneficial effects on theIr patients, their families and themselves-proof indeed of its Inestimable value.

IS-ports

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In the treatment of stiffness, soreness and conditions arising from vigorous exercise, IODEX is superior to liniments and embrocations.

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Io'DEX does not blister, harden or stain the skin, and may be used when other forms of Iodin e are inadmissable.

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-FIRST

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AI D.- September, 1920.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By

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FIRST·AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. ThIrteen on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. net. Each Diagram separately, 3d. 5, 6 and 14 (coloured), 6d. each.

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Price 6d. net. Post 'free 7d. NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED. By Sidney H. Lamb.

A in a tabulated_ and sim plified form giving the main points in first aId, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student DALE, REYNOLDS & CO" Ltd., 46, Cannon St" ',ONDON, E,C.4.

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FIRST AID - AND THE -

ST. JOHN AM.BULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by B. DALE.

No. 3I6.-VOL. XXVII. OCTOBER, 1920.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement o! Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Artisles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For -DulJlication) by the name and address of the Corresponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

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EDITORIAL.

FOR some time past letters have A Medal appeared in these columns raising the for Home question of a medal for those members Service. of the Brigade who did home service during the War. This is a question that has caused a great deal of dissatisfaction not only in Brigade circles, but in the Territorial, the Nursing Services and other bodies, whose members did home service. The ques tion of granting such an award has been raised on several occasions in Parliament, but each instance Mr. Win ston Churchill has given the evasive reply" that the matter is receiving consideration," and this is as far as the matter seems to advance.

This lack of some definite G overnment recognition 1S a genuine grievanc e on the part of many of our readers who were called up either in the Military Home Hospital Rese rve or the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve at the outbreak of War, were placed in the Home Hospital and there remained until demobilised, they had no option as to where they were to go, and in consequence are debarred from a recognition, in spite of their five years' service as regulars This on the face of it is most unfair

treatment, and if the War Office and Naval Authorities are anxious to re-organise these Reserves for future purposes, they will have to remedy what in our view is nothing more or less than a slight on men and women who did good and essen tial service.

Some of our readers are under the impression that this is a matter which rests with the Brigade Authorities, quite the contrary in the case, such a decision as this has to have the sanction of Parliament, and the Brigade authorities have done and are doing all they can to move Parliament in the matter. Sir James Clark speaking at Brighton recently mentioned that the question as to whether they should receive medals for their work during the War was now receiving the attention of Parliament. He was in in hopes that medals would be issued not only to those two branches of the Voluntary Service but to Territorials and many others, because thera was not :the least doubt that those who did work at home in the War were equally entitled to recognition with those who served Overseas, by the foregoing it will be seen that this question has the support of the Chief Commissioner, and it is up to our readers who are concerned to support his efforts in this direction, by asking his Member of Parliament to repeatedly raise this question in the House of Commons and thereby remove what is a genuine grievance.

Hospitallers' Club.

ON Se ptember 18th the Hospitallers' Club, whose members are am bulance officers of the Prince of Wales' Corps, held its first annual dinner at the Great Easterr: Some 75 mem bers and guests, including many W1ves, s1sters and cousins, sat down to an excellent dinner a most enjoyable evening, under the cheery chalrmanshlp of Mr. E. A. Perry. b M

The toast of "The Club" was proposed y r. Fincham, and responded to by Mr. N. Burton (hon. sec.), while that of "The Visitors" was proposed by Captam G. T. Cooper (treasurer), and acknowledged by Mrs. P. J. Sebright and Col. R. J- Blackham.

Some members of the Stat! were present and some others wrote regretting theu lr:abllIty to .attend.

In response to the general deSire, espec1ally: the ladies, the Committee have arranged another club dmner for 9th A pril

-FIRST

3'he Grand of the Order

of the .}(ospital of St. john of jerusalem in E;nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

No. I District

COMl\IISSIONER :

3'he St. john J\mbulanee Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. November, 1920.

Sunday, 7th.-No. 83 Division, Northern Heights.

J 4th.-N o. 10 " St. Mark's. 2ISt.-No. r Harlesden and Wembley.

" 28th.-No. 13 " G.N.R.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. COYlPETITIONS.

D.O. 4[3, dated September 27th is repeated for information. '

NURSI NG CHALLENGE BOWL.

yiva Voce and written examination will be held at St. John s Gate, Saturday, November 20th, 1920.

.The practical work wIll be taken at the Northampton Institute, on Saturday, November 27th., at 3 p.m.

Only: one .member each NurSIng DIVision is eligible to compete I? .thlS competItIOn, who must be efficient. ConditIOns can be had on application.

SLEATH GENT. CUP.

As One man from each Ambulance Division is el1glble If Conditions can be had on application.

If an.y man IS unable to be at the Gate by 3 p.m., he rna present himself any time between 3 and 4 p. m , but not late;. y OSBORN SHIELD.

This Competition .will be held on Saturday, Nov. 27 th at the Northampton I nstltute, commencing at " pm C d't' can be had on application. .) " on I IOns

Attention is to Clause 2 of the condItIOns, as.competltors t::tk1l1g part in other competitions have to appear. 10 uDlform. Each team must provide fo t' not In unIform. ur pa lents,

EFFICIENCY CUP.

This Corr.petition will be held on Saturday I'\ h commencIng at 3 h N ' - ov. 27t , f b p.m., at t e onhampton Institute Entry orms can e had on application Each '. two men as not in team must provide

All materIals and equipment will be s I' d quarters. upp Ie by Head-

Entry forms must be filled in ro erl and quarters by the first post on be at HeadThe officer or member in ch' team. ay Isqua I y a Entrance Fees -I tis' h the entry forms.' Important t at these are sent in with

The time for competing b th two named com t' Y e several teams in the last November 16th wtll be determined by ballot on Divisions will be by the staff on duty, and November J 8th. on t at date or not later than

As most of these c lhe War, it is hoped are:11he first to be held since hat their Divisions are effort .to see WI e noted III the

A

I D.--

Octobtr, 1920.

conditions that if insufficient members enter, the competition may be postponed.

Any !n.formation as to the above subject will be given. No VIsitors or spectators will be allowed on November 20th but on 2?th, every member of the District who spare tllne IS to witness the competitions. .Tlckets of admisSIon are not required. Visitors will be to the gallery of the gymnasium.

IMPORTANT ADDITION TO COMPETITION INSTRUCTIONS.

Th A'd " T B k r h e .IrS I" ext. 00 lor t ese will be the 3?th Edition of Cantlie," and the 19T9 Edition of " Home Nursmg."

RE FORM B.F. 4.

The attention of officers and members in charge is called to fact that for B.F. 9. is now obsolete, and that B.F. 4 is now III use, for the following purposes ;When applying for Service Medal or Bar. Service Badges. Transfer from one Division to another. or as a Personal Record.

.It advisable for officers to underline the subject of their applIcatIOn .when submitting this form to Headquarters in order to aVOid delay. '

RE-EXAMI NATION S.

for often sent to Headquarters, and 1.nsuffiClent mformatlOn IS often given. The nUf!1ber of f!1ust be given, time and place of examinatIOn, and If an exammer has been appointed his name and must be .The attention of officers and members m charge of DIVIsions IS called to. Brigade Order 305. At .two weeks noti(e should be given of re-examination of DIVISIOns.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisi.onal Secre.taries requested, when sending newscuttmgs of their meetmgs, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDIToR.

No. 2 District.

BRISTOL.-The annual parade to the Kensington Ba t' Church of the ?f Brist?1 Corps was held on Sunday, ber 3rd. ConsiderIng the mclemency of the weather a d muster turned out, something like 80 men and officers headquarters, under the command of Corps Supt. A. Cotton and headed by the Corps Brass Band. On arrival at chur;h members were welcomed by the officials of the Men s Bible Class, who were that day celebrating th ._ versary. elr annl

The chair w.as by Mr_ T_ Lovell the president of the class. him on the platform were Corps Su t Cotton, Supts. Bnce, Parker and Crew, and Ambulance Offi p. Trott and Reed. cers

The .chairman, in his opening remarks, expressed the pleasure It gave them as a .church to have the S.J.A.B. with .once more, and euloglsed the work the Corps were d . III BrIstol. OIng

Miss Margaret Hughes rendered two very choice solos

October, 19 20 • -FIRST

to heart the words of the address they had .heard that afternoon. The Corps lined up outside and marched to Lawford's Gate, where they were dismissed.

On October 2nd, at the Drill Hall, Bristol, the first competition took place for the large silver cup presented to the Corps by Mr. J. V. Harrison, Sneyd Park.

Five teams competed, viz., Broad Plain A Division Temple Meads· Division, Packer's Division, CI'ifton Division' and Totterdown Division. ' present were Acting Corps Supt. A. Cotton. Supts. Parker, BrIce, Clark and Cook, Ambulance Officers Trott Moore, Reed and Styles. The examining doctors were D/ Lavington and Dr. Kyle, the latter a former secret'3.ry for the St. John Ambulance Association. Dr. Lavington examined in the theory, and Dr. Kyle in the practical.

Dr. J. S. Griffiths arrived during the competitIOn, and Mrs. Griffiths, O. n.E., superintendent of the NurSing- DIVISion.

a dozen nursing sisters were l?resent, under charge of MISS Swanston, second officer; and MISS Phelps, ·secretary.

The test consisted of treating a compound fracture of the thigh.

The cup is a very handsome one, and is inscribedCup, prt:sented by J. V. Harrison, Esq., Sneyd Park, Bristol. To be competed for annually by divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, City of Bristol Corps.

At the conclusion of the competition, Commissioner Griffiths said it was his pleasing duty to thank the judges both of whom were old friends of his.

The thanks were accorded with applause.

Dr. Kyle thanked Dr. Griffiths for his kind remarks. The work done had been very good, and both Dr. Lavington and he agreed as to the top team. He was pleased to examine for the first competition for that beautiful cup, and hoped many other com petitions would take place.

Dr. Lavington then declared the winners, which were as follow: -I, Broad Plain A.; 2, Temple Meads; 3, Totterdown; 4, Packer's; and 5, Clifton.

Superintendent Cotton said he thought he was right in saying they had before them one of the best cups ever fought for in the City of Bristol. Even in the police office there was not a finer one.

Mr. Harrison, the donor of the cup, congratulated the winning team. He remarked that they had not considered the Nursing Division so much as they ought to have done; but, if he were spared to next year, he would put up something for the ladies to try for.

Mrs. Griffiths then presented the cup to the winning team.

I t was announced that a medal would be presented to each member of the winning team, and a tablet would be placed on the pedestal of the cup.

The winners of the Cup were Sergeant Lane, Sergeant Jeffreys, Privates Jenkins, Tuck and Nelson. Second prize team, Sergeant Collard, Sergeant Scott, Corporal Sutton, Corporal Studley, and Private Heaman.

No. 3 District.

WOLVERHAMPTON.- The annual inspection of the Division was held on the Chillington Recreation Ground on September 26th. Officers present were: Supts. H. W. Hunt, Morris, and Christopher (Reserve), Hon. Surgeon Somberset, Ambulance Officer Burton and 28 men.

lAIn. - 51

that. I!1ay occur in our midst, by following up their nursin<Y in addition to first aid work. "

He then distribnted the service badges obtained by th vanous members. e

No. 4 District.

The Brandon Colliery Ambulance Division hdd Its church parade on September 26th, at Langle Moor PrImitive Methodist Church. y

The procession started from headquarters headed by the Brandon Colliery Silver Band, Cubs and Moor Boy Scouts, under the charge of the scout master, Mr. Atkinson; then followed the Ambulance Brigade, under the charge of Ambul:mceOfficers G. R. Dobson and T. Blenkensopp. Collections were taken en route, also in the church. SerVice w<l:s conducted by R. J. Graham; soloist. Miss Taylor. CollectIOns to the amount of £8 105. was handed over to the Durham County Hospital.

No. 5 District.

BRADFORD.-The first post-war social in connection with <:=Ity Division was held on Sept. 22nd in the Central Fire Station, Bradford. Medallions and long service vouchers were presented by Chief Officer Scott to the ex-service men members the recipients being W. Kershaw, J. Nolan, J. W. Frost, H: Rawnsley, H. Smith, A. Butterfield, G. Abbs, M.M., H. Benn, A. S. Eastwood, F. Hardaker, A. E. Handley, H. Rees, H. Smith, J. Rush, C. Aspenall, Ex-Supt. Nicholson, Officer Brook, Haley, Sergts. Hanson, Green, Cartright, Foster 2.nd OrmIston, Corpls. Stocks and Ambler, "VIT PallIser, H. Wigglesworth, A. Holdsworth, T. Hunt, A. Kendall, W. IIardaker, H. Matchell, F. Jagger, A. Jowett' W. A!>pir.all, and F. Henson.

Captain V. Bateson presided and introduced Chief Officer J as. Scott, O. B.E., to whom, on behelf of the Division were tended congratulations on the fact that in the same he was again .honoured a decoratio? from the King, as an old and practical first-alder not only In the fire service but in ambulance work, he had learnt it was more blessed to give than to receive, and no one could be more suitable than C.O. Scott to present the tokens of practical ambulance work which included 24 medallions, 70 bars or labels, and I4 war Mr. Scott paid a high tribute to the men of the Division, and to all who devoted themselves voluntarily to such good work.

' an

The speaker was the Rev. F. G. Scraggy, late of the East London 1 abernacle, who gave a very helpful and t' address, taking for his subject "What hope ha sf, Irrlnhg fut ?" P' ve we or t e ure. nor to giVing the address he taught the co tlOn two very catchy choruses from" Dr. Torrey's sang a solo.

At the conclusion of the service Supt. Cotton brieR thanked the officers of the church for inviting the Corps was sure the members of the Corps would benefit if they'

The men were subjected to a number of exercises in drill, and then various supposed injuries \\ere indicated by labels placed upon patients who were placed in positions about the field and the men instructed to attend to same.

Assistant Commissioner Simpson congratulated all present on the smart turn out and the efficient manner in which the first aid work was done. He also mentioned the fact of the typhus or black death that was causing so many deaths on the o Hln ent and urged all to be prepared to deal with any case

The Division J - Surgeon ( Dr. V. Bateson ), took the opportunity of reviewing the work of the Division. The members attached to the military home :hospital were the first to be called upon during the first week of the war. The members of the I Bearer Company were the second convoy of St. John Ambulance men to go to France for duty, and each member possessed the Mons Star. Mobilised at Shipley on November 3rd, 19I..J-, they were in France on November roth. During 1914, I3 members joined the colours; during 19 15, 55 ; 19 16, 17 ; 1917,5 ; and 1918, 4; a total of 94. Sergeant F. Hanson, R.A.M.C., received the Certificate of Merit; Private George Abbs, the Military Medal; and Corporal G. Pickering, the M.S. Medal. Eleven paid the supreme sacrifice 7 served in the R.N.S.B. Res., 76 in the R.A.M .C., and II in various other units. Officer C. Thurman was awarded the Demonstrator's Certificate in 1916, and was appointed an honorary associate of the Order of St. John in 19 J8 All the members at home attended aid raid and convoy duty in full strength, and during the past eight years 3 392 hours' duty was performed by City Division ambulance men In Bradford. Fourteen members were in attendance at the Low Moor disaster, and tbe holders of the long service medals (fifteen now numbered five, including the Han. Surgeon and SuperIntendent..

A presentation of a handsomely engraved, stiver mounted, fountain pen in a suitably inscribed case was made to SergeantSecretery H. Haley by Captain Bateson who remarked on the enormous amount of work done by many St. John s men for the good of the cause, and urged :vork as the best antidote to personal wornes III the difficult times we are p.lssing through.

-FIRST

A vote of thanks to Chief Officer F. Hanson and carried with acclamation.

DER BY. - A very interest ing presentation took place at the Cavendish Cafe when Mrs. Smiley, A.R. R.C., who has been the Lady Supt. the Derby Nursin g Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (or the last ten years, was the :ecipient of a very charming gold WrIstlet SUitably 10scribed, together with a pair of fur motor driving gloves, from the members of the Division on her retirement from office owing to her departure from Derby.

Miss Darby, M.B.E., 1st Nursmg made the presentation on behalf of the members, and 10 a few well chosen words gave a resume of the good work done by Mrs. Smiley for the S.J.A.B., and particularly during the war when she was the Commandant of Temple House Hospital.

Dr. Moon, Mrs. Rowan, and Miss Simpson also supported Miss Darby in her good wishes for the health a nd happIness of both Dr. and Mrs. Smiley in their new home.

Mrs. Smiley, though visibly affected, responed 10 a SUitable manner, and the members the I? vision to try and maintain the high standard of effiCiency It had always held.

NOTTINGHAM.-The annual inspe c tion of Bulwell Ambulance and Nursing- Divisions was held at headquarters, Bulwell, on September 26 th. The inspe c tin g offi cer was Assistant Commissioner A B. Gibson (Hon. S e rvi ng Brother ), accompanied by Corps Officer E. Morris. . Divisional offi cers on parade were ; Supt L. Sullivan, Lady Supt. Miss C. Wellington, Ambulance Officer E. R Collard, Lady Nursing Offi cer Mrs. E. James, Lady Treasurer Miss A. Smedley, Hon. Secretaries J. Collins and Mrs. M. Cowley, and I nspector of Stores J. Clarke

The D ivisions formed up and, led by their inspecting officers, marched past, the salute being taken by the Acting Assistant Commissioner, who complimented the officers upon the efficiency of their Divisions, referrin g favourably to first aid, nursing, and the smart appearance of the members.

By kind invitations of the Trustees, Clergy and Princ:ipals of Bulwell Wesleyan Chapel, the Bulwell Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, in charge of Supt. L. Sullivan and Lady Supt. Miss C. Wellington, attended Divine service, and a rendering of" The Creation," on Sunday, OC'ober 3rd, by the choir, assisted by Miss Johnson (soprano ), Mr. G. A. Quinton ( tenor ), Mr. R. Glover (bass ). Organist, Miss W. Harrison: condu c tor , Mr. W S c raton

No.6 District.

HULL.-A di.stinguished company gathered at the new headquarters of the Hull Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association on September 30th, when the y were formally opened.

The new premises, which are at 104 and 196, Anlaby-road, comprise two houses, with a large and commoding drill hall in the rear.

The president of the Hull , Corps, the Rt. Hon. T. R. Ferens, presided, and amongst those present were Lady NunburnholmE', Major Entwistle, M P , Commander Kenworthy, M.P., and the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayore s s (Alderman and Mrs. T. G. Hall ), Col. Sir James Andrew Clark, Bart., C.B C.M.G , Lieut.-Col. C. B. Palmer, C.B E., D.L., J.P., Major and. Mrs. A. J. Atkinson, Major A. Hammersley Johnston, Major D. L. Appleton, Major and Mrs. Gleadow, Captain and Mrs. Fi sher, Dr. R. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Brodrick (Hornsea ), Mrs Bruce, Miss Cheape, Mr. J. H. Fisher, Dr. Stacy Clemenson, Captain Charlesworth (Br idlington ), Mr. N. Dixon, Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Eeley, the Rev. W. Hay Fea, Mr. C. Harnson, Mr. and Mrs. Hubert Johnson, Dr. A. G. and Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Jameson, Dr. and Mrs. Miss Bethell, Dr. and Mrs. Milligan, Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Walton, and the Rev. W. E. Wigfall (Beverley )

After referring to the work of the Association during the past 36 years, the Chairman said it had been a long-felt want of the Association to have a good centre for the classes, and a

AI D.- October, 1920.

hall for the drills to be carried out. Now they had obtained that, there was a great need for the generous help of the inhabitants of Hull, and he felt sure, when the facts were known, the necessary funds would be forthcoming to clear off the debt.

Major A. Hammersley Johnston, O.B.E., spoke of the strength of the centre, adding that last year's membership figure of 1,000 would probably drop, as many joined simply for war work. He referred to the dIfficulties under which the corps had worked, and said the present new building was the result of efiorts begun in 1C)0I. They had a bazaar then, which realised three to four hundred pounds, followed by a flag day in 1914 which added another hundred.

Mr. Hubert Johnston, the treasurer, continued the story, saying that it was in April, 1919, that the need for adequate quarters came to a head, and it was decided to purchase the two houses and land, and build a drill hall. It was felt that there would be a great gain in efficiency if the whole organ isation could be focussed, as it were, under one roof.

The total cost would be about £6,000, of which the houses and land were only responsible for £2,000. They were bought before the war, but the erection of the drill hall had cost the remaining Major Atkinson was the prime mover in the matter of obtaining a start with the funds, and before September, 1919, he had collected between £600 and £700.

We have received from the Hull Corps a syllabus of meeting for the Winter Session 1920 2I. This has been very carefully compiled and should be a model to gu ide other Corps.

The Annual Inspection of the Corps by the C.C was held at Headquarters on the evening of September 30th, over 200 members being present.

The following presentations took place ;Long Service Medals.-Nursing Sisters--Wilson, Townend, Varley; Divisional Superintendent, A Stead ; Sergeants, Le Grove, E. Ellis; Private Whitehead.

St. John Crosses to members in possession of Long Service Bars.-District Officers, J. O. Vaughan, W. T. Atkins on; Corps Officers, J. Howell, A. C. Carter; Divisional Superintendent, H. Humphries; Sergeants, H. Hoggarth, W. Billing-ten, A. Rhodes; Corporals, W. Thurloe, W. Burgess, G. Hunt; Private, T. Gilliatt; Lady Divisional Superintendent, Miss Hardy.

JARROW.- The first annual competition for the Me Farlane challenge cup and J arrow medical officers' medals was held on October 2nd, in Christ Church Parish Hall.

The silver cup has been presented by Mrs. M c Farlane, wife of Mr. J. M. McFarlane, general manager of the Palmer Shipbuilding Company, and gold and silver medals for the winners and runners-up by local doctors _ The names of the winning team will be inscribed on the cup.

Several teams entered the competition. Divisional surgeon F. Dougall, of Dunston, set the test, and also acted as judge. The Mayor of Jarrow (Councillor R. Andison) presided, and the awards were presented by the Mayoress (M rs. Andison).

The winning team was composed of Messrs. J. Slean, W. Myers, J. Myers, A. Tweedy, and T. Lascelles, while the members of the team placed second were Messrs. J. Etheridge, H. Stokeld, J. Elliott, J. Howell, and W. Norris.

The members of the Division were entertained to tea Ly Mr. T. S. Simpson, manager of the Jarrow shipyard.

WHITBY.-" We regret to learn that Divisional Surgeon, Dr. G. B. Mit chell, of the Whitby Ambulance and Nursing Divisions passed away on August 22nd after a lingering illness. He was a staunch worker for the S.J.A.B., and for 20 years he had worked ungrudgingly and was one of the founders of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions at Whitby, his noble and hero c work while rescuing- the survivors of the wrecked Hospital Ship" Rohilla n also attending to over 500 members of torpedoed crews during the war will be remembered by all. His death is a great loss to ambulance work in the North of England."

October, 19 20 -FIRST

NO.9 District.

BODMlN -Dr. Shirwell writing to the Hon. of the Division an appreciative letter on the servIces of the Division which we quote below.

"May I take the opportunIty of expressmg our appreciation of the most efficient and kindly removal of the cases. The skill of your ambulance crew has been commented on by those who have had the opportunity of much of the work done by many ambulance corps and It compares more than favourably."

No. District.

DOWLAIS.-The annual inspection of the C?rps .held on September 18th at Bedlinog, when the followm.g hich comprise the Corps, were represented, VIZ., Dowlals, ;enydarren, Fochriw, and Bedlinog. There 78 men and ffi cers on parade, under the charge of Supermtendent Parker, the Dowlais Division, and among the officers present were: Corps Superintendent, p:-. Corps Secretary, E. Jopes; Surgeon of the Redlmg DIVISion, Dr. Superintendent, W. J. Ballard, of the Fochnw DIvIsion; Divisional Superintendent, A. Clance, of the P.enydarren D ivision. The I nspecting Officer Mr. Maberly, of Cardiff, Chief Inspecting for the Prtory of Wales: The Dowlais men arrived at Bedlmog. by the 4.45 and were met at the station by the men, and mCldentally they were fallen in and marched m fours down to the playg round of the Boys' School. On the parade ground the men were put through their drills by Parker, and after completing this part of the mspectlOn they we.re formed up in two single ranks, ea.ch man was very closely and questioned on FIrst-AId work. After thiS the were formed up in a square, to be addressed by the Inspectmg Officer ( Mr. Maberly ) who stated that he was most pleased to be present that afternoon, because the was the first Corps that he had the pleasure of mspectmg m Wales some five years ago; also he w!is very pleased to see the men looking so well and so smart 10 appearance; and, more parti cularly, he was surprised at their knowledge of First Aid work. In conclusion, he agam WIshed to congra.tulate the officers and men, and also thank .them for the attentIon aid to their noble work. Corps SuperIntendent Lucas then ;poke a few words, in which he stated that undoubtedly they were all pleased to see Mr. Maberly present that afternoon, and he hoped that they would all take to heart what he had said This concluded the work for the afternoon; the men given the command t? fall. in and marched back to the station in time to catch theIr tram home.

-------.--.-----Our War Nurses.

WHILE we hear a great deal, and righ t ly so, about who fought and suffered in the war and who are st111 waiting to be placed in industry, we must not forget the nurses who served their country from 1914 onwards. In the m 3jotity of cases with a heroism scarcely less than that of the men themselves.

At the present moment there are on the reglster of the Nurses' Resettl e ment which is affili,ated to the Professional Women's Regtster, at 99, Queen s Gat f' S. W. 7, the names of over 550 fully and partly trained nurses who who are seeking well-paId, and for the rrl0st part, non-residential professional employment. Most of these nurses have now had a much needed res.t after their prolonged war service and the.y. are most. to undertake furth e r work for the CIVil In such appointments as surgical (non-residential), dental assistants, visiting nurses, pnvate school and dent'll nurses, health inspectors, InvestigatIOn officers and probation officers.

AID.- 53

The demand for these varied types of work is not limited to London. In the provinces nurses are registering their requirements at the Professional Woman's Registers scattered over the country, and in Scotland at the different offices at II2, George-street, Edinburgh.

As an example of the work of the Nurses' Resettlement Committ e e, it may be stated that out of a .total ?f 6, 50 individual enquiries 2,015 have been placed m satisfactory civil employment, whilst a further 3,594 have been put into touch with training.

The Nurses' Resettlement Department IS m close touch with various Government Departments, such as the India Office the Home Office, Ministry of Pensions, Ministry of 'Health, Metropolitan Asylums B?ard and various Overs e as Nursing Associations and SerVices, as Lady Minto's Indian Nursing Service , Lady Munel Paget's Mission to Russia, The League of Red Cross Societies, the Egyptian Government (Medical Department).

Owing to the d e arth of admmlstratlve appOintments in the Nursing Profession, it has been that many well-trained, exper1enced nurses are seekIng an outlet for their energies in work of any kind, such as poultry farmmg, gardening, tea shops and club work.

Red Cross Funds.

SIR. ARTHUR STANLEY, writing to the Pre.ss re garding the surplus funds of the Joint Committee, pomts out that .we have been asked from many quarters why the funds which we have in hand ar a not available for our peace work, and also why it is that we are money now, when at the same time we are dlstnbutIng our so-called surplus funds. f

The answer is that all the money in the posseSSIOn 0 the Joint War Com'mittee was collected in the of the needs of the sick and wounded men of hIS Majesty s Forces, and that, so far as possible, that money must be used in that connection.

Foreseeing this difficulty, we got an Act of ment in 19 I8 which empo.wed to use money. m relieving sickness and suffenng wlthm the Bntlsh whether by subscription or gifts, to persons or societies or to the local authorities, or to the of British posession, for the purpose such rehef, but With the qualification that this only applies to such money as cannot in our opinion be usefully employ.ed for the purpose of aiding the sick and wounded dunng the present war. I "0 D "

As the armistice followed so close Y on ur ay appeal in 1918 we, in honour bound, had to return to the counties and to the Dominions over-seas a large par.t. of the money which they had subscribed, on. the that this money was to be used for. the rellef of slck and wounded soldiers and sailors. It IS absolutely h .' w of the Act that we should retam 10 our owever, In Vlc:' 'b 11 own hands a certain amount of money. for POSSI Ie which may be mad e upon us by the SIck and woun e men during these next few years.

These calls may be light, in which case we .shall have a surplus for peace work; but that ObVIOusly cannot be for some tIme.

When corresponding with Advert.Hrol',s plea..se mutioa "PiNt AId "

TlfE ST. JOlfN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

SEPTEMBER, 1920.

CORRIiCTJ0 1VS:

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Birtley and District Nursing Division.- The following officers are continuing not having resigned when Corps was disbanded ;Nursing Officer r. Parker. Nursing Officer G. Turnbull.

The Chid Commissiontr has sanctiontd the followi'Jg appointments, promotions, transfers and resignaticns ;-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 17 (Great Western Railway ) Division.-Ambulance

Officer A. E. Evans to be Divisional Supt., 4.9 2 0.

No. 53 (Watford ) .I?ivision.-]ames Buchanan, M.B., ?lLCh., B.A.O., to be DIvIsIonal Surgeon, 29.20, vice Dr. F. W. Reynolds resigned.

No. 49 N (Garden Suburb ) Nursing Division. - John Ensor

i'll.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.9.20.

Mrs. EdIth M. Irwin ?e Lady Divisional Supt., 3o S 20

No. 54 (Brentford) Dlvlslon.-.he. Frank Ernest Meyers to be Ambulance Officer, 20.9. 20

NO· 7 ( Wim!=>ledon) Nursing Dlvision.-Nursing Officer

Mrs. Brennan resIgned, 24.9. 20

Wembley Nursing Divlsion.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss Latinoff resigned, 6.10.20.

No. 21 (Bromley) Division. -Henry Chisholm Will

M.R.e.S., L.RC.P., L.S A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 14.9. 20.'

NO.9 (Royal Borough of Kensington) Nursing DivlslonLady DIVISIonal Supt. Mrs. Hankey resigned, 9.9. 20 and transferred to the Brigade Reserve.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Tyringham Nursing Division.-Lacly Divisional Supt. MISS H. .resigned, 15.9. 20 Joseph Rickards, M. E., Ch.B., B Sc., to be DIVISional Supt., Vice Supt. Dr. H. Beattie. Aylesbury Dlvlsion.-Divlsional Sppt. T. Moore resigned and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9.9. 20. NO·3 DISTRICT.

Corp: Supt. Frank Adnitt to be D;strict Officer, 17.9 20 C.)rp, Supt. Charles Noble Mtlner to be District Officer 17.9. 20 ' Kettering Corps (Kettering Nursing Division).-Nursing MISS G. Gent resigned, 9.9.20, and transferred to the Brigade Reserve.

Lady Supt. Mrs. Farmer resigned and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2.2.20. ) Leicester Corps. (Y:M.C.A. Division).-Ernest E. C. 1 ctrker, M.B., to be Dlvl310nal Surgeon 4 9 20 vice Dr. Byran left the town. , Bedbrd Town Division. -Sergt John Spencer to be DiviSIonal Supt 3I.8.2 :). and J?istrict. Corps (Dudley Nursing Division).Nursmg .Mlss Ollis to be Lady Divisional Supt., 16.8.20, Vice MISS H. LIttle resigned.

North East Warwickshire Corps (Nuneaton Division).Sergt. George Hall to be First Class Sergt., 26.9. 20 NO.4 DISTRICT.

Wigan Division. - Divisional Surgeon M. G. MacElligott resigned and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9.9. 20 Whaley Bridge Division.-Divisional Supt. S. Bagshaw resigned, 15.9.20.

Alsagar Division.-Divisional Supt. E. Rushworth resigned,9·9 20.

Crewe Divisi.o!l'- John Dougall Ingram, B.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., to be DIVIsIOnal Surgeon, 25.8.20, vice Dr. McMaster resigned.

Brierfield Division.-Corpl. Henry Holt to be Divisional Supt., 7.9.20, vice R. Harrison deceased. Sergt. William Whalley to be Ambulance Officer 7.9. 20 vice W. R. Saunders resigned. , Barrowford Division. --Alfred Edward Seller, F.R.C.S., L.S.A, to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.9. 20 Warrington Corps (Warrington Nursing Division).-Miss Helen Hogg, M.B., Ch.B., to Divisional Surgeon, 9 9. 20 Haslingden Corps.-Divisional Supt. Edward Graham to be Acting Corps Supt., 14.9.20.

Haslmgden Corps (Haslingden Division). - D. A. Evans, L.RC.P., L.Re.S., L.RF.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 14.9. 20

Rawstenstall Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer Miss B. Shepherd resigned, 29.920.

Clitheroe Division.-Sergt. A. E. Dixon to be First Class Sergt., 4.10.20.

Preston Corps (Leyland Division).-Divisional Surgeon P. Fraser resigned, to Brigade Reserve, 29 9. 20 Blackburn OlVlslOn.-F lrst Class Sergt. Thomas FIelding to be Am bulance 0 fficer, 2.10'20.

Sergt. Price to be Ambulance Officer, 3.10.20.

No. 5 DISTRICT.

The appointment of Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Smiley as Lady Officer is hereby cancelled, 24.9 ,20. North Bierley Ambulance Division.-Ambulance Officer E. Healey resigned, 9.9 20 Coili.ery Division.-Divisional Supt. H. Wardell resIgned hIS appomtment and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 16.9.20.

Nottingham Corps (Bulwell Division).-Robert ScottReId, B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, 20.8.20. Nottmgham Corps (Midland Division).-George Shrive to be Divisional Supt., 20.8.20. Supt. C. Voss resigned, 29.9.20, and transferred to the BrIgade Reserve.

Nottingham Corps.- Corps Supt. F. Bloore (attached to Nottmgham Corps) resigned, 17.9.20, and transferred to the Brigade Reserve.

Deoaby Main Corps (Cadeby Division).-First Class Sergt. Walter Wilkinson to be Ambulance Officer, 8.9. 20

First Class Sergt. Moses Soar to be Ambulanl.e Officer 99. 20

.Keighley Corps (" B" Division).-First Class Sergt. WIllIam Henry to be AnJbulance Officer, 9.9. 20. Hanley and DistrIct Corps (Hanley Division).-Ambulance Officer Harry Leese to be DJvisi')nal Supt., 20.9.2°, vice Supt. Deaville deceased.

Sheffield Corps \"B" Division).-John Brook Henderson Holroyd, M. R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 14·9·20.

October, 19 20 • - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 55

No.6 DISTRICT.

Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Mary Beatrice Broderick, A.R.R.C., to be Lady Dist.rict Officer, 2I.9·2 C?

District Officer G. Thukell, M.RE., resigned, 9.9.20, and transferred to the Reserve.

District Officer T. Thompson resigned, S·9·20

District Officer Rev. H. Haslam resigned, 15.9. 20

Lady District Supt. Mrs. Palmer, O. B.E., A.RRC., resigned, 24.9. 20 Q

Hull Corps (Hedon Nursmg DlvlsIOn).-Lady .. Mrs.

E. M. M. Jameson resigned and transfp.rred to the Bngade Reserve, 9.9. 20

Nursing Sister MISS Annie Elletson to be Lady Dlvlslona Supt., 30 8 20

Hull Corps (Western Division).-Gav1l1 Brown, M.B., F.R.C.S " to be Divisional Beverley Nursing Dlvlslon.-Nursmg Officer Mrs. E. Dunlop resigned, 9.9. 2<;>.

Nursing Officer MISS A. E. Sheffield resigned, Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (St. Peter's Works Dlvlslon).Divisional Surgeon E. F. Pratt resigned and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9.9. 20

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Jesmond Nursmg Dlvlslon).Nursing Officer Miss Muriel Adelaide Batey, A.R.RC., to be • Lady Supt., 259. 20

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Ironbridge Corps.-Lady Corps Officer Mrs. E. M. White transferred to the Parkstone Nursing Division, No. 9 District.

No.8 DISTRICT.

Tunbridge Wells Division.- William Edward Reynolds, M.D., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 26.8.20, vice Dr. T. Storrs resIgned.

Lawrence Miles, M.LA.E., to be Transport Officer, 20.8.20, vice A. E. Hobbs resigned.

Folkestone Nursing Di\'ision.-Miss Florence Strood to be Nursing Officer, 30 8 20

Mary Penrose Fltz-Gerald to be Officer, 28.9. 20

Mrs. Adelaide Moore to be NurslOg 29. 8 20

Hertsham Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Mabel Clara Bennett to he Nursing Officer, 5.9 20

Brighton and Hove Corps (Preston Nursmg Dlvlslon ):--:-

A. M. Colcutt, M.R, B.C., L. R.C.P., M.Re. S , to be DIVIsional Surgeon, 5.9. 20

Nursing Officer Isabel S. C?llmson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.9.20, vice Mrs. Hart

Brighton and Hove Corps (Bnghton PolIce DlVlslOn ).-

Lance Sergt. William Calder to be i\mbulance Officer, 25.9. 20 , vice Ambulance Officer J. Heath resigned. .

Guildford Corps.-Divisional Supt. Martm Williamson to be Corps Supt., 18.9. 20

Hastings Corps (Hastmgs Dlvlslon).-DlVIslOnal Supt.

G. Locke, Junr., resigned, 29.9. 20

Ambulance Officer George Hasleden French to be DIVIsional Supt., 27·9·20. NO.9 DISTRICT.

Newton Abbot Corps (Newton Abbot Nursing D}VISlon ) -Nursing Sister Miss E. M. Trevenen, .A.RRC., to be Nursing Officer, 10 9.20, Elmsall resIgned. .

Torquay Nursing DlvIslon.-Capt. Harold Kmder Griffiths, M.R.C.S., LoRC.P., M.B.,. RCh:, F.R:C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 8.9.20, vice Dr. resIgned.

Parkstone Nursing Division. -Lady DIVISIOnal Supt. Mrs. Scott resigned and trans!erred to the Reserve, 10.9. 20 Nursing Officer Laura De la to be Lady Divisional Supt., 8.920, vIce Mrs. Scott resigned.

Lady Corps M. White transferred from Ironbridge Corps, NO.7. DIstriCt.

Penzance Division.-Godfrey T. Symons, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.9. 20

EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. Aldershot Division.-Charles Edward Paterson, M.B., C.M., M.D., to be Divisi(ll1al Surgeon, 8.9. 20

Addiscombe Division.-William Henry Cotterill to be Honorary Vice President, 2 I.9.20. Thomas Arthur Lewis to be Honorary Vice-President, 1.10.10.

N'W.w DIVISIONS, &c. Divisions sanctioned and disbanded; NO.2 DISTRICT.

Tyringham Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 2.10.20. No. 5 DISTRICT.

Featherstone Ambulance Division -Sanctioned, 9.9. 20 Bradford" Son ado " Division.-Disbanded, 9.9. 20 No. 8 DISTRICT.

Guildford Corps.-Sanctioned, 18.9. 20 No. 12 DISTRICT.

City of Dublin 17.9. 20 County of Dublin Corps.-1'?lsbanded, 17.9. 20 Public Services' Corps.-Dlsbanded, 17·9·';10. SOU1H EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. Aldershot Ambulance Division.- Sanctioned, 9.9. 20 . DEATHS. No.6 DISTRICT.

Divisional Surgeon D. Mitchell, Whitby Division.-Reported 21. 8. 20.

JAMES R. ANDRfi:W CLARK (Colonel ) Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

WE have posted 59 V.A.D. N ursing to Ministry of Pensions and Naval Hospitals dunng the past .month, and have received 58 requisitions from t?ese for the services of our Nursing Members dunng that penod. We have now submitted the names of 65 0 V:A.D. b t t he Overseas Settlement Office for conslderamem ers 0 tion for a free passage to the Doml.mons: .'

The V.A.D. Advisory Commlttee In wlth the United Services Fund has now wlth the Trained Nurses' Committee il! connectIOn WIth the ob' ect and the Committee lS now known .as the J?ll1t J .' d V A D Committee of the UOlted Savlces N urSll1g an .,.

FundDame Ethel Beecher, G.B.E., R.R,C' !ate MatronCh' f Q A I M N S has been elected Chalrman of the In· le, , Committee. d m of The United Services Fund has a su mone to be allocated for the inauguratIOn of Hostels tn y d tain other centres, a Rest Horne and a London an cHer These Hostels and CcnvaJescent Con valescen tome. T d N '11 b f the benefit equally of rame urses Homes WI e or d V A D members who served 10 the war. an C'ommittee is meeting at very and hopes to be able to announce the results 0 Its e 1beratTiohns General Service Section the e orelg n . U't A certam number gradual closing of vabnous with the Army of of members contmue t() e emp S G rmany and the Black ea. .e t k ow that the services of these It lS gratlfylOg to us 0 n tisfactory to the Military members have been h very S\ers themselves are willing A t ho ities and that t e mem . d u r '. long as they are reqUlre to continue their serVlces as

The hospital for Y.A.D., G.S. members and members under the Joint War Committee was opened on October 1St, 1918, for Overseas Members, and has recently been closed.

337 patients have been admitted-some of these were not Overseas Members, but were sent by Headquarters for various reasons.

During the win ter of 19 I 8-19, the work was v.ery heavy, Influenza in some of its many stages and complications being responsible for much of the work-and unfortunately for the loss of two patients, Miss Hackett and Miss Temple.

A certain num ber of operations have been performed, but the greater part of the work has been purely. medical.

If the hospital was opened only a short tIme before the Armistice, yet it may perhaps claim to have done s?me useful work, and many pleasant letters have been receIved from those who have passed through its wards in appreciation of what has been done for them.

On the 31St of July, 1920, the hospital was demobilised, having completed one year and ten m.onths work, and so another little chapter of the Great War IS closed.

The Convalescent Home at Beechgrove is now so full that the arrangements whereby scholars and other mem bers were sometimes received at week-ends during the summer no longer remain in force. The Home is, as usual, going on satisfactorily.

Students who have been training during this last year under the V.A.D. Scholarship Scheme have now in many cases been successful in securing work, and it is very grati.Eying to note how many really responsible posts have been obtained by these members.

At the end of the Summer term, a considerable number of members qualified as Health Visitors, and most of these have since secured posts in which their training will prove most useful, and where they will be able to do valuable social work.

Many excellent posts have been obtained by trained as School Matrons and InstItutional Cooks: these members have in many calles taken work of a really responsible character in various well-known schools.

Several members also have passed the Qualifying Examination in Pharmacy-of these, one is proceeding to the Major Examination, and one is studying for her B.Sc. Pharmacy.

In a considerable number of cases, members have written to say that they could not possibly have obtained such interesting posts or been qualified to do the work efficiently, had it not been for training given them und er the V.A.D. Scholarship Scheme.

Miss Marjorie Betton has been granted the British Red Cross Public Health Scholarship in connection with the League of Red Cross Societies.

The Scholarship is tenable at King's College for Women, Campdtn Hill, for one year, and is for Public Health Nursing. The Course begins in October, 1920, and ends in July, 1921.

Miss Beeton, who was educated at Roedean, was originally a member of v.A.D., Suney, 26, and joined in January, 19I!. She underwent instruction as a V.A.D. member at St. Malylebone Infirmary in 1912, and at Paddington Infirmuy, 19[3. She also holds the L.e.V. Cookery Certific ate and when the War broke out she took up work at St. George's Hill Military Hospital, Weybridge, and at the College Hill, Cranbrook.

In 1915, Miss Beeton was appointed by the Joint Committee of the British Red Cross and Order of St. John • to Boulogne, and was lat er transferred to No. 2 Red Cross

AID.- October,

Hospital, Rouen. She remained there until December, 19I6, when she came home to enter for General Training at St. Thomas' Hospital, which training she recently completed.

Priory of Wales.

ABERA VAN AND DISTRICT CORPS.

The annual competition in connection with the corps took place at Britonferry on September 18th.

The competition was to have been held out in the open, but in consequence of the heavy rain it had to be held indoors. The judges of the ,competition were Dr. Donoghue, Port Talbot, and Captain Maberly, of Cardiff, and the timekeeper, Mr. Wheel, of Llansamlet.

At the conclusion of the competitions the prizes were presented by Mr. D. R ees, M.e., manager of the Cefn Cribbwr Collieries, who deputised for Mr. Else, of Messrs Baldin, Ltd., who were unable to be present. The arrangements were in charge of Mr. A. Esmond, Britonferry, corps superintendent, and Mr. Rowland Daniel, corps secretary, while Mr. Gwilym John was responsible for the local arrngements. At the close, Dr. G. S. Phillips, Britonferry, proposed a vote of thanks to the members of the several brigades who took part, and also their officials.

THE AWARDS.

Since the formation of the St. John Brigade at Britonferry excellent work has beEn done, and the interest is very keen. During the war many of their members served at home and abroad on active service. While their services were always available, night and day, when men were detained at Court Sart for the Neath and District War Hospital. The results of the competitions were as follows ;-

The Byass Cup (ladies): I, Fenfig Hill A team (Captain, Miss How.e lls), 5 lout of a possible 75; 2, Kenfig Hill B team (Captain, Mrs. Davies), 41 out of a possible 75· Medals were presented to the members of the winning team, and a medal awarded to Miss James, of the Kenfig Hill B team for general effiiciency.

Baldwins' Cup, team of 5 men, confined to employes of Baldwins' Collieries, cup presented by Mr. Else: I, Bryn, 62 marks out of a possible 100; 2, Cern Cribbwr, 58 marks out of a possible 100. Five teams competed.

Fletcher Shield, team of 5 men, open to members of the Aberavon and District Corps, presented by Captain Fletcher, of Margam Park; I, Glyncorrwg, 79 marks out of a possible 100; 2, Britonferry, 73 marks out of a possible Ioo-a very close competition.

The members of the winning teams were also presented with medals.

October, 19 20 -fIRst

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

A Medal for Home Service Hospitallers Club

DISTRICT REPORTSNo. I NO.2 NO.3; NO·4; No. 5 No.6

NO.9; No. Our War Nurses

Red Cross Funds

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEOfficial Brigade Gazette ...

V.A.D. Notes and News

Priory of Wales

Brevi ties

A Winter Programme for the S.J.A.B.

REVIEWSIndex of Pcactical Nursing

Tuberculosis

" Argenta" Cup Competition

Safety in Factories

PRACTICAL POINTSUses of Resourcefulness

Unusual Cause of Strangulation

U njusti fiable I nterf erence

J oint Headquarters at Cheltenham

The Scottish Red Cross Branch

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSStructure of Knee-Joint Accidental Amputation of Feot Dangers of Accidental Amputation Brevities.

AiD. - 57

An analysis each year of our Queries and Practical Points columns is useful, if only because it allows opportunity of acknowledging the debt which we and our readers owe to Dr. Corbet Fletcher, who this month completes five years' generous service as honorary expert correspondent to FIRST AID.

*' *' *'

The continued popularity of these columns is a source of satisfaction to all concerned, and we note that during the last 12 months the doctor has supervised 32 Practical Points and answered no than 68 Queries, which is more than treble the pre-war average. Of the latter 25 referred to fractures, to poisoning, 8 to bleeding and shock, 4 each to asphyxia and scalds, and the remainder to various items-e.g., criticism of textbook, ambulance duty hints, ethics of First Aid, etc. Not the least interesting feature is that these queries were sent from all parts of the British Empire.

*' *' *'

Mrs. Fitzgerald (Director of the Nursing Department of the League of Red Cross Societies) said recently that it is hoped before long to start in the rural districts of any country that may be determined upon what is calleci in America a "health mobile," namely a motor-car fitted up with a certain amount of equipment for demonstration and for clinical work. It will visit the rural districts where the people have never had the advantages of a doctor, or clinic or hospital, and will be manned by a doctor conversant with child welfare and anti·tuberculosis methods and plinciples, and by a nurse who will teach the n! rsing side of these subjects.

During the year 19 I 9 the League of Mercy handed over £ 17,000 to King Edward's Hospital Fund, thus making a total of £293,000 contributod since the League was started in 1899. In addition to this, a further sum of £3, 61 5 was in 1919 given to hospitals situated outside the metropolis. For 1919 the recently established Wanderer's Branch of the League-which has amongst its members many first aiders, including its President, Col. R J. Blackham-created a record in sending forwll.rd to headquarters no less than £ 134.

Sir Arthur Stanley, asked to enlarge upon a statement he made recently to the effect that "the aim of the Red Cross was that there should be a visiting nurse in every community," said :-" The war has shown, even more than people knew before, the value of nursing. It is q.uite that if the health uf the country is to be so'l.tlsfactonly looked after skilled trained nursing must be within the reach of eve:yone who needs it. It is difficult to establish c... regular service of properly trained nurses with three certificates in every village in the country. Moreover It would be undesira.ble, as in many cases the nurses would be wasting most of their time. What one would like to see in every village is a proper system under which V.A.D.'s trained in home nursing and first aid could work. They could perfect ly well do all the small things such as attending to cuts and the like. There should also be in town or village of any considerable size a fu,lly traIned nurse at call. Such a system, if really worked out in conjunction with our ambulances, which are spreading all ?ver the country, would ens ure everyone in need of skIlled nursing would be able to obtain it at once."

Each car will contain accommodation for eight mothers, who will be taught by practical demonstration how to bathe their babies. In winter dolls will be substituted for babies for this. Facilities will also be available for the weighing and examination of children. Accompanying each car will be a for educational propaganda. ExperIments on these lInes have been very successful in the U.S.A., and as health "caravanning" the method is not altogether unknown In England. In some of the less advanced countri e s tht. rural districts have never yet been reach by any form of medical care or equipment.

*' *' *'

A course of lectures on First Aid for men will be given by Capt. C. T. W. Hirsch, M.Re.S., RA.M C., in the hall under St. James' Church, Clerken well-green, E.C. I, on Wednesdays, commenced 6th,. at 7 o'clock p.m. Fee 3s. All commUDlcatlOns respectmg these classes should be addressed to the Secretary, Mr. W. H. Fincham, Spa Works, Northampton-row, Roseberyavenue, E.e. 1.

-FIRST

A Winter Programme for the S.J.A.B.

WE are somewhat disappointed at at the rtsult of this competition, both as regards the number of entries and not one of the papers submitted fulfil the object of the competition in its entirety. There are good points in some of them, but there is not a single one which is ideal, some of the competitors have sent forward their fixed programmes which are, more or less, r epe titions of drills, etc., an item which we were desirous of eliminating as much as possible, so as to make the programme attractive and interesting.

We have awarded the first prize to MR. G. PIER SON: and second prize to

75, Harrison Terrace, Darlington, SUPT. G. A. ENDERBY, Birk Lea, Spilsby Road, Boston.

Below we publish the two winning A WINTER PROGRAMME FOR THE S.J.A.B.

Having read carefully your notes under the above heading, I am pleased to note your admission that 6' every Division should be a social club," also that the efficiency or otherwise depends upon "the personality and tact of its officers."

As a competitor in your Winter Programm e Competition, I would like to draw attention first of all to what I consider most essential to the welfare and establish ment of all Divisions, and that is, suitabl e headquarters, which, in the case of any fair-sized town, should be situat e d either on the main stre et or adjacent to the most busy thoroughfare, and should consist - for a small brigade of, say, 50 menof a small clubroom for the men, with an officers' room and se cretary 's office, and in the rear a room large enough for stretch er drill, and suitably furnished with chairs, so that it may be used as a it::cture room, and where practical demonstration may be given in conjunction with the le cture. Such headquarters should have the installed, and while it would not during the early stag es be possible to afford regular attendance, a commencem en t could be mad e by having 6 or 8 men on duty from, say, 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. on the busiest night of the week, which is usually Saturday night, when other members would call in to see the following week's Brigade Orders and have a game of dominoes, draughts, chess, etc., or have a quiet rest in some snug corner, with a copy of FIRST AID as their favourite paper.

Granted such headquarter s, and suitable public notification of their txistence, and also a brigadp. of m en who individually possess all the necessary qualifications of a firstaid er, and conform with the id e als represented in their eight-pointed Ambulance Cross worn by them as a badge, and with officers of tact, resourcefulness and p e rs e verancE', who would form the committee, and whose d ecisions would regulate the doings of the brigade or division , I think a programme for a winter session should be produce d that would prove both instructive and interesting to all conconcerned.

However, by way of suggestlOn. First, I heartily agree that it is most desirable that the social side of am bu-

A I D.- October, 1920.

lance life should be developed, and to furmulate a winter's programme the social side must be suitably in evidence in partnership with the usual six lectures on First Aid that form the basis of the programme.

A musical party, with a "male voice quartette," trained with a view to taking part in concerts for Brigade or hospital funds, should find favour in most Divisions, or a sketch party might be organised with nursing sisters and ambulance men acting together, either in sketches of a humourous nature, or in a play suitably written to further their work as nurses, or first-aiders, might be popular.

These special nights might be set apart for improvised first aid, an item that is, unfortunately, not rectiving the attention it should do to-day, this to many would prove attractive, and certainly not so monotonous as drill, drill, drill.

Another scheme that should be introduced, concerns two items, that eventually bring all concerned-both men and women-Nursing Division and Ambulance Division together twice a year, in a way that should go far towards cementing that good fellowship and goodwill that should be general. A" Unity" Club should be started, each member paying 2d. per week-half of the amount to be expended in an annual Brigade dinner at Christmas or New Year-when 4S. 4d. per head will be and the other half on a "May morning breakfast," when the funds should meet the requirements, and also enable the men to invite the nursing sisters to partake of their hospitality, the cost then being 2S. zd. per head.

My idea of a "May morning breakfast" programme, is that on the first Sunday in May, each year, the S J.A.B Divisions should meet, say 8 a. m., when the Mayor would be invited to give his patronage, and preside-the Vicar would say Grace-and at a suitable time afterwardsprobably 9.45 a.m. The nurses and men would" Fall in " and proceed to Church Service for ] 0.36 a.m. (St. John's Church, if thtre is one so where a sermon would be preached touching on the needs of humanity, and hospital work, etc., etc., and a collection-an annual event -taken up for Hospital Funds During the wintE:r, and also as these events become due, the necessary arrangements by the committee would be taken in hand and provide work of an interesting kind that would take off the dull edge, of an othtrwise ordinary prrogramme.

Harking back tu our winter's doings - " Physical Culture" with fortnightly classes, would appeal to many, while a "Bugle Band" might prove attractive to the younger men who are interested in "First Aid," and (or whom something must be done, to retain their interEst as coming ambulance men. Once a month a "Route March" with " Bugle Band" would advertise to the public the existence of a worthy institution.

Then there is no reason why a "First-Aid Mutual Improvement Class" should not be commenced, and a full session be carried through each winter, without inte rfe ring with the evenings set apart for other portions of the winter's programme.

A "Variety Night" would prove instructive, and in fact is a necessity, and I would suggest that such items be demonstrated as "How to use a Telephone "-" Bow to write a Statement, when sending to a Dr."-Demonstrate "How to remove foreign body from an eye,.' &c., &c., &c., and last, but not least, A Safety First programme might be instituted, and a study made of way,s and means of avoiding accidents, in opposition to treating them after they have happened.

To place the various suggestions I mention in Programme order, is probably superfluous, as existing Divisions

October, 19 20 -FIRST AID.-

would not-owing to their individual arrangemtnts be able to follow it in practice, though from it most Div1sions may adopt a part, if th ey have not already done something similar, and I hope that this view of dates and time, will not interfere with the value of my humble remarks, which, as a whole, constitute a " Winter's Programme."

N . E.R.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. DIVJSION.

PROGRAMr.IE FOR THE BRIGADE YEAR 1921. All lectures, first aid and drills, start promptly at 8 p. m. at Brigade Headquarters.

Jan. I4th .- Lecture, "A year's work with the motor ambulance," by Transport Officer T. H. E. E.

Jan. 28th.-Annual Brigade meeting , 8 p.m.

Feb. rth.-Lecture, "My experience in th e R A.MC." by L.-Corpl. E. E. R.

Feb. 2sth.-First aid practic e and drill, in c{1arge of Brigade Officer.

March Ilth.-Annual Brigade dinner, headquarters, 8 p. m. (uniform.

March 2sth.-Lecture on home hygien e (personal habits, surroundings, air), by Mr. J. E. E. (A.C.P.)

April 8th.-Lec turE', "The routine of a laboratory attendant at Malta," by Sergt. J. W. H. (R.A.M.C.)

April 22nd.-First aid practice and drill in charge of Brigade Officers.

May 6th.-Continuation of May Fair duties, reporting headquarters 7 p.m. (uniform).

May zoth.-L ecrure on motor ambulance work, and how to effect temporary lepair!', by Transport Officer

T. H. E. E.

May 24th.-Empire Da, duties. Parade as notified (uniiorm)

June 3rd.-Route march and first aid practice in open, in charge of Brigad e officers. (uniform).

June 17th.-Lecture, "Medical Examination of School Children, and its value to the nation," by Mr.

S. A. P.

July Ist.-W ee k -en d camp. Squad and stretcher drill and first aid practice (uniform) Full particulars at headquarters.

July Isth.-Lecture on Sp e cial poisons, by Supt.

G. A. E.

J nly 29th.-Route march. First aid practice in open, in charg e of Brigad e offic ers (uniform).

August 12th.-Squad and Stretch er drill in Richardson's field, in charge of Bligade officers (uniform).

August 26th.-First aid practice and stretcher drill at headquarters, in charge of Brigad e officers.

Sept. 8th.-Le cture, "Various methods of invalip tra nsport," by Ambulance Officer G F.

Sept. 23rd.-Lecture on "Home hygien e " (food, clothing, the dwelling), by Mr. J. E. E. (A.C.P.)

Oct. r 4th.-Lecture, Various methods of bandaging," by Ambulance Officer S H. B.

Oct. 28th.-Practice for annual brigade competition, in charge of Brigade officers.

Nov. 4th.-Special lecture by Supt. G. A. E.

Nov. IIth.-Annual Brigade competition, headquarters 8 p.m. (uniform)

Nov. 18th.-Annual whist drive and dance in aid of the Division (uniform).

Nov. 2sth.-Lecture, "My experience \0 the R.N.S B.R., by Mr. S. W.

Dec. 9th. - Presentation of competition shield and medals, Association awards, service badges, headquarters at 9 p.m. (Uniform). A" free and easy" will follow. Members will receive due notice of the dates arranged for the re-examination and inspection.

" SUPERINTENDENT."

Reviews.

INDEX OF PRACTICAL NURSING.

By]. Basil Cook, M.D., D.P.H. London: Bailli ere, Tindall & Cox. Price 6s. net.

As a great deal of prom inence is being given to sick nursing in these days, this book is a very welcome addition to the subject, and its second edition being demanded in such a short space of time has proved its popularity. The book is written in a clear and concise manner dealing with the different steps in the performance of the various procedures of practical nursing, and to facilitate reference the subjects are arranged in alphabetical order. As far as possible the use of technical terms has been avoided.

T CB ERCULOSIS.

By G. Norman Meachen, M.D , B.S. ( Lond ). London : Scientific Press, Ltd. Prz'ce IS. 3d. net.

The opinIOn has been freely expressed of late that the warfare against tuberculosis in all its forms is not being waged with sufficient vigour. The important part played in the fight by tuberculosis nurses and health visitors (working hand in hand with medical officers of health and medical practitioners ) can hardly be overest1mated, and it is mainly in the interests of this devoted band of workers that this present book has been written.

1t deals with the nature of tuberculosis, special predisposing factors, general and special cases, and the various treatments. Tuberculosis is responsible for about 70,000 deaths every year in this country it is therefore a disease that should receive a great deal of attention, and all books on the subject should be welcomed.

The King sent the following message to the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem on " Our Day" (October 14th) :-" I am glad to know that the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem are continuing to together. in peace as in war and that th ey have deCided agam to hold Our Day' in aid of funds of the J Council. I realise. the unceasing demands made upon 1ts resources on behalf of the sick and suffering, and as patron of King Edward's Hospital Fund for London. I view grave anxie.ty the position of voluntary hospitals, both lD the metropohs and throughout the country. I wish every success to efforts. By the dissemination of knowledge the J omt Council are wiselv dir ec ting attention not only to the curing but to the of and disease, .while the combined action of the two SOCieti e S marks an 1mportant step towards the co-or dination of voluntary work .George, R. 1."

Argenta Cup Competition.

THE competition for tht magnIficent Arge nta cu p, suspendid since 19 3 owing to the war, was r e vIved on Sept. 25th, and was as successful as ever. Before the war the competition was an interesting annual at Blackpool, teams coming from a wide area to try to wm the great silver trophy cup presented by Argenta M.eat Company, who have done so much !O stimulate. the Immensely important work of first aid to the sick and injured. ,

That the Company have revived the competitIOn, again choosing as the scene, of has gi ven very keen satIsfactIOn to those mterested m lance work, especi "lly to such stalwarts of the NO.4 Dlstnct of the St. John Am bulance Association as Col. Trim ble, CB C M.G, YD., and Major L. G. S. Molloy, D.S.O"

M. J.p., both of whom have been intimately associated with the Argenta contest since it was started 18 years ago, as well as to those zealous Blackpool ambulance officers, Mr. G eo. Wilson (organising secretary of the competition), Mr. J. Hartley (assistant secretary), and Mr. T. Donnelly (superint e ndent) ,

Th e competition is open to teams of the N 1, 5 and 6 Districts of the St. John Ambulance AssoclatIOD, covering practically the whole of the North of England, but of the fourteen t eams that competed all were Lancashire squads with the exc e ption of Olle from Denaby Main, near Barnsley. This Yorkshire team from th e No. 5 District brought 22 keenly interested spectators, and they had the satisfaction of seeing their squad win the third priz es.

Th e judges were Dr. Pim (Brierfield and N e lson), Dr. Clegg (Accrington), and M ajor L. G. S. Molloy, D.S.O. (Blackpool) , Each squad consisted of a t e am officer and five men, and much of the work was very smartly done, many of the men having seen active service in th e war.

The maximum marks we re 360, and the following were the winning teams ;-

I, (Argenta Cup), Brierfield, 3071 marks.

2, Kendal, 301 marks.

3, Denaby Main, 291 marks.

4, Openshaw, S C Railway, 284 marks.

At the conclusion of the competition the pnzes were presented by the Mayoress of Blackpool, the Mayor presiding over the ceremony.

Col. Trimble said he could scarcely express his gratification at finding the Argenta Cup competition again taking place. The splendid cup was given 18 years ago by th e Argenta Meat Company. Year after year it had aroused spl e ndid ambulance competition and f mulation among many corps and divisions in the Nos. 4 and 5 Districts and in any other portion of England to which he might think it wise to throw the comp e tition open. They owed a great d e bt of gratitude to the Company and its dir ectors, and they were deeply grateful to them for what they had done, particularly in reviving the competition.

Major Molloy, in moving a vote of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress, said it was a great pleasure to all int erest e d in the ambulance movement to have in the chair one who had betn so closely connected with the work as his Worship He had evidently infused the Mayoress with his enthusiasm, and they could look upon the Mayor and Mayor ess as very good friends of the movement. The meeting in the Drill Hall that day was distinctlya re vival, and it was the ambition of Col. Trimble

AID. - October, 1920.

and himself to make Blackpool a Mecca of the ambulan ce movement in the NO.4 District. The first step had already been taken through the generosity of the Argenta Company, who practically inaugurated that competition so as to start the revival of ambulance work in Blackpool.

Safety in Factories.

A CONFERENCE arranged by the British Industrial SafetyFirst Association was held on 22nd S e ptember at Olympia, on means of reducing the num ber of industrial

Mr. G. N. Barnes, M.P., presided, in the absence of the Home Secretary.

Mr G e rald Bellhouse, Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories, said that during 1919 the Home Office received reports of 1,384 fatal accidents. 40,000 accidents due to machinery, and 84,000 non-machinery cases. These figures represented an immense economic loss to the nation, to industry, and to the workers. Accidents must generally be attributed to negligence, want of thought, or want of instruction. Twelve years' experience in America had shown that with a proper safety organisation 75 per cent. of all accidental deaths and injurie s could be eliminated. He urged the appointment uf a safety engineer or inspector in every factory, that the co-operation of the foremen should be obtained, and that safety committees should be formed of representative of the workers and of the management.

Mr. Ste venson Taylor, Insp e ctor of Dangerous Trades, dealt with the provision of suitable guards for moving machinery. Considerable difficulty, he said, was still experienced in convincing some engineers of the danger of unprotected revolving shafting. All moving machinery should be provided with suitable safeguards. •

Dr. J. c. F. Bridge, Medical Inspector of Factories, dealing with the provision of first aid in the factory, said that 2,500 septic cases had been report ed to the Horne Office in three months. All these were preventable. Iodine could be applied at once in th e work-room. Every employee should be instructed in the necessity of having all injuries, no matter how trivial. treated at once, and he should realise that it rested with him whether the injury became septic or not.

At a luncheon given by the conference, Lord Lever hulme pleaded for safety first in politics as well as machinery. We had admitted millions of voters and were making no effort either at our schoole or by any oth e r form of propaganda work to teach safety first for the political machine and for the minds of the people. There was another set of propaganda work going on by thinkers obessed by the idea that all the comforts of life could be obtained at somebody else's expense. The duty of the State must be safety first, to prote ct those who came into contact with the political machine from any careless act might lead the whole community to chaos.

At the aft e rnoon section, Mr. G. Havinden, managing director of Delectaland, said there was a distinct connection between the personal health of the worker and his liability to lapses leading to accident. No mechanical devices could preve nt th e majority of a ccidents, which were due to insufficient alertness. Workers should be trained in hygien e, and pr e cautionary measures might be taken to guard, for instanc e, against outbreaks of influenza in winte r.

Mr. C K. Atkinson, described the safety first organ i-

October, 19 20 -FIltST

sation at Port Sunlight, said all new e:oployees instructed on s-afety lines, and every accldent was 1m , mediately investigated. The employees themselves made numerous suggestions, and the r e sult of the organls.ation had been a reduction of accidents by 50 per cent. m I 9I7, by a furth e r 12 per cent in 1918. and by 5 per cent. n 19 1 9

Sloints.

The Editor in v ites No tes on actual Case s- with spec ia rerere n ce to good and bad !J oin ts in Treat me nt - Tor n clusion n this Co lu mn

U SES OF R ESOURCEFULNESS

If preventi on be the essen ce of Fir st Aid, the follow ing is worthy of re cord. A man cleanin g a wind o w on the third flo or of a house, 50 feet ab ov e the ground, lost contr ol and fel l. As he fell, r.e cau g ht hold of a rope which was of a trad esman's service lift. He turned a somers ault, les t hiS hold of the rope for a moment, but it a g a in 31?-d slo wly slid d own it to the ground. H IS o,nly Injury was a sl1 ght flesh wo und of the fore a rm, - M , C" Bristol.

UNUSVA L CAUSE OF S TRA NGU LATIO N,

The interesting series of " Unusu al Causes " in thi s column in the S eptember issue remInds me of <:t cunous an d fatal case of Strangulat ion. A young servant girl, while clea ning the stairs in basemen t looked an ture of the p l.s s en ger ltft ca sement. The weights of the 11ft de scended at the same moment and ca ught her on the back of the neck whi ch became wedged between the weights and th e frame of the casement. When extricated the gi rl was un conscious and died a few m inutes later.- J. C , Tufnell

Pa rk

U NJUST IFIABLE IN TE RFE REN CE.

Seeing a man struggltn g With a woman in a lonely country road , the occupants of a passing motor-car pulled up. Two ,of th em, getting out, promptly attacked t he man and left hIm se nseless by the road, the woman belDg at t ime unconscious. The y then drove off and gave to the po li ce, to whom the man, when he recovered consclOu,sness la ter, explained that h is had for years suf!ered from Violent E pilepti c fits and that the struggle, for which he had been th rashed, was merely a n attempt to control a fit - a which he had been compelled to adopt on many prevIous occ asions. His wife confirmed this statement.-B. A., Cambridge ._.

Joint Headquarters at Cheltenham.

THE open ing in Ch e lt e nham on 25th of a j oint he adquart e rs fo r th e work of th t: Cross t he O rder of St John m a rked an. epoch In a mbulance work, since it i s th e first JOInt of the k ind to b e establish e d in the country. Th <:) premIses, part o f which fo rm e d a branch of the Borough Laundry, have b een admirably adapted to meet the needs of, e stablishment, and thos e who are responsible for LtS lnItlati o n (and the we first emanated fr o m Dr. Htlgh Powell, th e County Assistant CommiSSIoner the Order of St. John) are to be congratulated, on frUlts of t heir efforts. Th e institution is one whIch play an important part in th e futur e of am bulance work m ham and at the same t ime confer a great and benefiCIal , service upon the town.

The Duchess of Beaufort performed the openIng ceremony, who was received with cordiality, said she felt

AID - 61

a peculiar pleasure in going to Cheltenham that day, sinc th e inauguration of the premises followed so closely upon th e joint conference of delegates of Red Cross and Order of St. John which she attended at the T o wn Hall the previous day. The new headquarters which th.e y had established would form the centre of voluntary aId and ambulance work in Cheltenham , In declaring the bu ilding op en, she wish e d it every p ossible success, and hope? th at Ch e lt e nham would continu e to carry o n th e work It did so well during th e war.

The Scottish Red Cross Branch.

SINCE th e cessation of th e war the Conncil of th e Sc o t t ish R e d Cross Branch has h a d under consid e ration th e qu estion of the status of th e branch in relation to the British R e d Cross Soci ety and th e reconstitution of th e branch on a more representat ive basis. Und e r a scheme drawn up by th e British Red C ross Society, it was to Sc otlmd to set up a society affi liated to the B ',It ls h R , d Cro ss S ociety or to bec o me a Central Coun cil Br a nch o f th e parent soci e ty Steps w ;: r e taken to obt ai n the views of county co m· mittees in Scotland on thi') m a tte r, a nd co nf e renc es b etween th e Council and c o un ty repre se ntativ e s we re hdri. Ultimat t' ly it was d ec ided that, su bj >ct to the Sco tti sh Council giv e n re pr ese nt a ti o n on t? e C o unc il () f th e Brit ish Red cr oss Socidy and ()n th e JOInt C oun Cil o f the B riti sh R ed Cro ss Soci e ty and the O rd e r of S t. J ohn , future sta't us of the Scottish Branch sh o ul d be th a t of a C e ntral C o uncil Branch, in t e rms of the n e w rul !!s of th e British R ed Cross Society, as a pprov e d by Hi s Privy Council. Under these rul es t,he Councl.1 o f th e Scottish Branch has the same right t o raIse funds 10 land, to c ontrol its fund s and propert y, a,nd t? r egu late Its its own admini'itrati o r, as th e parent society 10 E ngl.tnd The p resent constitution of the C o uncil of the Scottish Branch h'ls also un d:::r r e vie w Wh ile e,ve ry co unty has b ee n r e pr ese nted through t he c f) u n y pre SId e nt as an ex- offi cio member, it wa s g e n t ra lly c onS Id e red th,at representation should be on an annually elected baSIS, and and the m e mbers in each c o un ty should have sent:ltlv es on the council. A sp e cia l su b,-c o mmlttee, WIth L')rd Mack en zie as c o nvener, was ap pO int e d t ? draft a new c o nstituti o n which would give ff ct to ge n e ral desire, and this new constitution has now r eceIved fin a l approval.

We regret to le arn that Miss Mar? Latinoff .has been comp ell e d to resign the Lady. SuperintendentshIp of the Wem b le y Nursing division, whIch has been caused by a fallllly bereavement.

3 • E

OD Tuesday evening, November 2nd, at 8 p , m , Dr. Cor bet Flelcher will com me nce a course of Itctures on First Aid for Men, at the Y.M.CA, Hall, Wllloughbyroad, Hampste'ld. Fee for course, 6s. Apply to Mr. B. Norwood, 5, Jayton ,road, N.W·3·

A course of First Aid lectures to men will be given by D R D Brinton at W. H. Smi th & Son's Club, 1 r, Strand, W.C, Wednesday, October 27th, at 7 p.m. Corr:muDlcatlOns should be addressed to T. McBride, I I, MIlford-lane, Strand, W.C

Queries wilt be dealt with under the lollowing rules :-

I.-Letters containin!, Queries must be marked on the top lelt hand corner ot the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT Am, 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

:I.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 0/ the Journal, or in case 01 Queries trom abroad from a recent issue.

Textbook, to whid rqerenre may be made in rhfse :olulIlrz.s, is the Revised (I9I9) Edztion of S.J.A.A. Manual of Fz,st-Ald.

STRUCTURE OF KNEE-JO[I\'T.

H. L. (Woodbouse).-Does the patella enter into the fomlation of knee-joint or not? Our instructors differ-one teaching that it does and the other insisting that it .d?es not and that its purpose is only to protect the Jomt. Please give your decision.

Strictly speaking, the patella-being separated from tibia by a pad of fat and a bursal sac-is outside the joint. Sinc.e its function, however, is to fa c ilitate movements of the It is never the less essential to (and regarded as part of) the Jomt, and, if fractured, brings about loss of power of limb.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

ACCIDENTAL AMPUTATION OF FOOT.

H. L. (Woodbouse).-For treatment of man with foot taken off just above the ankle, one instructor teaches llS first to elevate limb, then to apply elastic band 3 inches above stump, and lastly to dress stump with boric lint and pad of cotton wool, fixing same with triangular bandage. Another instructor says that this is incorrect and that the h::emorrhage should be controlled by pressure applied on popli teal artery through flexion of knee-joint. your verdict on this POInt is welcomed now as on prevIous occasions.

When instructors differ, heaven help the poor student!! I favour your first instructions (especially if you have plenty of assistance) except that r would add (see Textbook p. 8r, Rule 5) immediate and tem/orarv (ontrol of popleteal artery by flexion until elastic band is accurately applied. If, howe.ver, you are single-handed, then the latter method can be carried out more rapidly - and indeed was recently adopted under these circumstances by a railwayman with triumphant success for a man with both feet amputated. Possibly your second instructor forgot that the elastic band is good treatment (Textbook p. 83) with amputation of limb or part of limb! -N.C. F.

DANGERS OF ACCIDENTAL AMPUTATION.

J. L. (Stot::kport).- in a recent competition I was ilsked to name both the immediate and also the remote dangers in a case of Accidental of right arm at shoulder. Please be kind enough to inform us how a First-Aider should answer this question.

This question, however difficult it may be to a medical is perfectly easy to a first-aid student, who in this and all similar emergencies has only to consider three dangers-hcemorrhage, shock and sepsis.

The immediate and remote dangers, therefore, with Accidental Amputation of upper limb are in each £nfiance b::emorrhage (be this primary, reactionary or secondary), shock (be this immediate or delayed) and sepsis (be this immediate, i.e., with injury; or delayed, i.e., subsequent to injury). With deformity, scarring, painful scar, &c., the First-Aider has absolut e ly nothing to do.-N. C. F.

A GREAT AID TO FIRST AID.

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins" or dummies more especially; in these the org'ins are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here b€en assisted by a of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with.

ONE OF MANY OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:" Its all· round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The section dealing with ambulance work is especially good. The book is written in splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

Medical Opinion and Hall's Wine

The value of testimony on our files, from doctors all over the country, justifies the great reputation of Hall's Wine as the supreme tonic restorative .. Specialist and general prac ti tioner alike, are generous in its praise, and their opinions in every case, are based on experience or personal Investigation of its worth.

Hall's Wine has been before the public for over twenty-five years and its strengthening and nerve building properties have been fully proved during this period: As a preventative and a restoratIve illness it is equally beneficlaJ. Hall's Wine is a reliable tonic which can be safely recommended by every medical man.

DaS Wfne

Sports injuries

bruises, sprains, stiff and swollen joints yield readily to treatment with IODEX.

In the treatment of stiffness, soreness and conditions arising from vigorous exercise, IODEX is superior to liniments and embrocations.

The ready absorption of 10 DEX secures deep penetration of its free Iodine which quickly reduces swelling or inflammation, relieves pain, and aids the restoration to normal action.

IODEX does not blister, harden or stain the skin, and may be used when other forms of Iodine

Obtainable in 2S. pots at most Ch emists tllrouglwut the Killl;dom.

MEN LEY & JAMES, Ltd., Menley House, Farrlngdon Road, London E.C.1.

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE. Ltd., 56, Queen Ann Street, Cavendish Square, W.1. CLASSES AND LEOTURES

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POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up t1e above Courses at once.

A member or S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted ror the f 'nstructl'on received have often wanted to take such courses, courses 0 1 '" B but could never find where to get such. (T..) cia. terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B.,. &c. 5pe JEW ALDEN Sec. Westminster College (Lady DISpensers ApP!y (stafm Ph) College' of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874). 0 tees m 112. St. George's Road. Southwark. London.

F OR SALE.-An Ambulance Surgeon's Cap, Tunic TlOusers-only worn once - eqnal to new. What offers. -Dr. A. H. Martin, Evesham.

and J\nswet's to eOt'respondents.

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING

AI D.- October, 1920.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.(.'., B.A.(Cantab), M.R.C.S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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AN INDEX OF \FIRST-AID. By J. M. CARVELL. M.R.C.S.Lood.

A vade-mecum for the Ambulance Worker. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, IS. 8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (40th thousand). By the Same Autbor.

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THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2S. net; postage, 4d.

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FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thirteen on Roller. Post free, 35. 9d. net. Each Diagram separately, 3d. 5, 6 and 14 (coloured), 6d. each.

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FIRST AID -

AND

-

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

F I RST AID is published on the of each month. Annual Suhscript ion is 38. 6d. post free: single copies 3d. The Its aim and object being tbe advancement o. Ambulan.ce Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Arbcles and Re p0rts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes sllggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and reach him before the 12th of each month, an d must be acccmpaDled (n ot necessarily For -oublication) Ly the name and address of the Co rrespondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other busines;, con nected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegraphi c Addr ess : "Twentv-four, London. " Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

THIRD EDITION.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, •• C.M.O C.I.E •• 0.5.0 .• M.D. Pocket Guides to First Aid in Ca ses of (I) Poi sonin g , (2) H re morrh age, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Su spend ed BreathlD g ), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wound s, Bites , Burn s, Scal ds , Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains a ll th e e>se nt ial s of First Aid. Printed on linen-lin ed card s, 3i" x 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra.

JOHN BALE. SONS a DANIELSSON. Ltd 88-91, Great TltchHeld Street. London, W.1.

the it had done for years they must get rid of that disease. It was splendid to think that they had it in their power to extend aid to those who had fallen. They had perfected themselves in first aid with what object? Surely they intended to make use of their achievements. He put it straight to the conference. " Are you determined to go on with this work, or are we going to fall slack? What is your answer?" To this the delegates at the conference gave a unanimous affirmative.

We publish in another column of this issue an abbreviated account of the proceedings ; we regret that we have not been favoured with a full report of the discussions, but we wo uld commend Col. Trimble's remarks to the notice of our readers. There is no doubt that the industrial unrest throughout the country has been responsible for the lack of progress which has been made, but from reports which we are now receiving show that Corps and Divisions are completing the ir re-organisation and are arrang ing their peace time programme, although in some cases there is a shortage of members, compared with the recruiting of th e Territorial Force, the remIts are highly satisfactory.

S J A B

Officers Regulation Great Coats. Dark • • • • Grey cloth, to measure, £3 1<)S. 6d. Quotations for other equipment on application. \\7 r ite for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse. FOR SALE, a quantity of Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, J6s. 6d. a pair.- Thornton and Co., 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

F OR SALE. -Quantity of Military and Furley Stretchers; no reasonable offer refused for single ones or lot. - Apply Captain Anderson, Assembly Rooms, York.

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

TtJ be cut {Jut and enclosed with all Queries OCT., 1920.

WE must congratulate the NO.4 DisDistrict trict in holding the first post war Conferences. Conference of the Brigade, and from the large number of delegates present i t IS evident that the members of the District realise t hat it is now urg Ently necessary to have a definite policy to "get on" with the work of the Brigad e . . Trimble, in his presidential address, although stnklng a pessimistic note , made a strong to the t o continue their Brigade work 1D spIte of the tImes t hrough which we are passing and the lack of interest which has been experienced during the past year. He pointed that last year there was a great lack of which had been termed war weariness, and there had been lacking a lot of enthusiasm. There appeared be a feeling that everybody had" done bit," It to sit down. He protested against the terrIble epIdemtc that had occurred during the year. He was still afraid t hat lassitude prevailed. It would not do. If the St. John Ambulance Brigade was to go on and prosper and perform

We consider this to be a healthy si g n, and we should like to see the example of the No 4 District followed by the other districts of the Brigad e for we are convinced that thes e District Conferences lead to practical results, and now that the Brigade is g etting into its stride no time could be more opportune than for officers to discuss th e many practical questions affecting their organisation.

As we have often repeated, the Brigade has a big future before it, and it is up to those who are responsible for its administration to encourage by every means the discussion by its members of the problems must be encountered in an organisation of a progreSSIve character.

We know at the time when the first B rigade Conheld the authorities did not altogether ference was f the pro]' 'ct and after the first Conference approve 0 h hl'ch were held resolved themselves IDto the ot ers w I f the airioO' of gnevances ; WIth such safety-va yes or /:)

-FIRST

results as these it IS na.tural that they died a natural death.

The No. 4 District Conference was of a practical nature, and it should be followed on similar lines by the other districts. On going to press we hear that No. 6 District is holding a Conference next month to coincide with the opening of a new ht:adquarters at Newcastle, at which the Chief Commissioner will be present.

Leicestershire V.A.D's.

AT thre request of the City Education Authorities, the Leicestershire Headquarters of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John have placed at their disposal, for the Nose and Throat Clinic, a suite of rooms comprising ward (with six beds) operating room, nurses' quarters. The L ei cestershire H f; adquarters were opened in July last by Lady Oliver, D B.E, R.R.C., and the scheme included "provision of a temporary hospital in c ase of need." The present instance proves the valve of the Institution.

Useful wor k is being done on educational and social lines A first aid class for women, with 60 students, and a similar class for men, are now well advanced. A most interesting series of lectures, open to all mem bers, the subjects including, Rheumatism, the Eye, Food Values and Indigestion, the urowth and Development of Children, With particular refere nce to Thyro d Glands, Accidents and Emergencies, and Mentil Disorders. In addition a course of lectures open to the public hiS b ee n arranged, the subj ects b e ing, the Importance of Teeth, the Value of Education, and Milk.

A loan d e partment for sick room requisities has been op e ned, and a motor ambulance (under the Home Service Ambulance Schem e) is available.

The annual wom e n's comp e tition for County D irector's silv er challenge bowl will be held at the H eadquarters on N o vem ber 25th. The class rooms are booked to the vuious detachm e nts on d efin ite dates for drills and practices

A s e ries of social evenings has been arranged and a whist drive W,J,S held on October 9th, and a similar event is fixed for N o vember 20 , h

All holders of first ad cert lfic 1. tes ar e eligible for memb e rship of the Headquarters.

The G has awarded to Capt. G. T. Cnop :; r, late R A. C. "The Croix de Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Cuuronne," f Jr services rendered during the time he was at Sborncllffc Mihtary Hospital 19'4-'5.

Capt. Cooper is Divisional Superintendent of No. 13 (King's Cross, G N.R.) D ivision and is also the Senior Divisional Superintendent of the Prince of Wales's Corps of the Brigade.

When corresponding with Advertisers plea$e mention "First Aid."

November, 1920

Jhe 6rand of the Order of the }(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in E;nglugd. AMBULANCE lJEPAKTMENT

Jhe St. John jlmbulance Srigade. No. Uistrkt DIS fRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. W I l\Y, O.13.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. December, 1920.

Sunday, Sth.-No. 15 Division, East Ham. 12th. --No. 16 N ew Cross.

19th.-No. 17 " Merton and Wimbledon.

26th.-No. 19 Willow Walk.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. BRIGADE FORMS.

The Chief Commissioner desires that attention should be paid to the following points when filling- in Brigade Forms. Repetition marks must not be used b.Jt the words implied must be written.

It is the bus iness of every member to see that h is record is properly entered up, and it is the duty of the DIvision as a whole to see that Its records are properly kept and submitted annually to headquarters. If this is not done members cannot claim to have a grievance if in the year for which records are not submitted, they are not allowed to count towards the Service Badge or Service Medal.

UNVEI LING OF H .M THE CENOTAPH THE KI NC. BY

The desires to express his appre cia tion of the splendId manner 10 whIch members of the District of all rcinks responded to the call for service on Armisti ce Day November 1 I th, 1920 From six to seven hundred were on parade, and not only was duty undertaken along the line of route, but also at the Abbey where the Unknown W cimo: was buried. On the Saturday evening the Dean of WestmInster personally asked the Commissioner to express to members of the John Ambulance Brigade his walm appreCIation of the servi ces rendered by its members during their attendances at the Abbey when so many mourners were passing through.

( Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries ate requested, when sending newspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N ,) 57 (C Rl CKLEW JOD) DlVI SION is re-organising, m'13t of the who been on .actlve service having n)w returned, and are taking up D IVISional duties with the same keen interest as before the war. The division which is an d ivision, hol1s its drills weekly at the Railway Institute, Cricklewood, on Wednesdays frem 8 to IO p.m.

On Sunday, O c tober loth an competition was held am')ngst the members, medlls beirlJ offered to the winning team by Private Jaco b. "

The scen:! of the accident was on the Midland Railway at by permission of the Midland Railway Co who prOVIded an arnbJlance c0ach and engine. The case to be treated repre3ented a min knocked down by a train on the

November, 19 20 • -¥lRST

main line and is found lXing sor:ne points suffering with a broken back and fight leg, hiS foot IS amputated at the Metatarous joints.

Dr. Leaky, Divisional Surgeon, who acted as judge, was assisted by Supt. Capt. J oumet and Sergeants Gayford and Parsons, and awarded the medals to No. 3 Team, ca ptained by Pte. George, the other winners being Ptes. H a rt, North and West.

Other competitions of a similar nature are to be arranged during the winter. Several members in order to show their interest in the D ivision offering to provide the p riz es.

No, 7 ( TOYNBEE HALL ) DIVISION. - On Wednesday, October 6th, this held a so c ial evening at Toynbee Hall on the occasIOn of a presentation to Supt. J. A. S. Coleman, to express the good wishes of the officers and men on his relinquishing command.

The chair was taken by Supt. A. W. Newton, who voiced the feelings of the assembly in a speech expressing the deep regret of NO.7 Division at losing Supt Coleman from their ranks. The chairman drew attention to the excellent work done by him in the organisation of the division for the air-raid and other duties that came thick and fast dliring the war and which had to be performed by very depleted numbers, the majority of fit men being in the army and navy.

The presentation consisted of a writing bureau from the Toynbee Hall members, and a clock from the members of the Pop lar section, the latter being specially intended for M (s Col eman. Both articles were presented to the recipient by Dr. Emlyn Jones, the hon. surgeon to the division, who made a humorous speech pointing out that while a lot of nice thmgs had been s aid by others about Mr. Coleman it \Vai left to him to say that he himself knew quite a lot of things about Mr. Coleman of quite an opposite nature, having known him for so many years, so that Mr. Coleman was not re :t1ly such a saint as might be supposed from the utterances of the p revIous speakers. However, judging by the laughter that followed, his words were not taken very by the audience.

Supt. Coleman expressed his great reg re t at leaving the division, but said he would not be go ne fo r ever, as he was sti ll on the reserve of offi cers. He also expressed his great appreci ation of the handsome gifts presen ed to him by the officers and men he had always been proud to have under him.

First Class Sergeant Lomas and Sergeant Reid also spoke a few words.

Light refreshments were served during the evening, and a musical programme (under the direct io n of Privates C. E. Bower and A. de L. Jones) was rendered by several artists who had kindly volunteered their services.

Miss E. De Boek rendered" Polonnaise " and "Rosalind" as pianoforte selections, which were much appreciated, and also acted as accompanist during the other items. Mrs. Irene Ellington was a great success in two songs, "If I Might Only Come to You" and" Break, Break, Break." Mr. J. Mustill gave some ex cellent solos on the banjo, and some comic songs by Mr. F. Rollinson, created much amusement.

The evening closed with" Auld Lang Syne" and" God Sw e the King."

POST OFFICE AMBULANCE CORPS - An important Reunion Meeting and Concert in connet tion with the above Corps took place at the Cnpplegate Institute, Golden-lane, London, E.I, on the 13th October. H H. Bashford, E sq., M.D. (Lond.), B.S., &c, the genial chairman of the Corps, a bly presided. A number of distinguished visitors attended, including Sir H. Bunbury, K.C.B., C. and A.G .; G .P. O.; D. Scott, Esq., Asst. Controller, Inland Section; H. Norris, Esq., Postmaster, N.W.D.O., H. D. Hewitt, Esq., M.D. ( Lond. ) etc. ; Cap t. B. G. C0l1nolly, :Y1.C., M.D., etc.; W. R. Edwards, Esq., O. B.E., and Capt. A. N. Cahusac, Acting Chief Secretary of the St.. John Ambulance Association. Many others unable to be present sent messages wishing every success to the meeting.

.'\n interesting item of the programme was the pi esentation by Mr. Edwards of the Badge of Honorary Serving Brother of the Order of the Hospital of S1. John of Jerusalem

Aln -

in England to Capt. G. Gerhold (Inland Section) the esteemed !'I0norary Secretary of the Corps. In the course of a most mteresttng account of the romanti c origin of the Order of St. J?hn, Mr. Edwards referred the self-sacrificing work which Capt. had so energetically carried on since I90 3 in connectIon With firmly establishing- the London Post Office Centre.(The P O A.C. ) and in widely extend ng its influence in and departments. The solemn which admiSSIon to the Order involves were mentIoned, and the presentation of the decoration was enthusias ica.lly applauded by the large audience present sign ifyi ng unmistakably the popularity of this well deserved' award

It was announced by the Chairman that the following consented to become new patrons of the Corps: Sir H. Bunbury, K.C. B., Controller and Acct. General, Charles C. Sanderson, Esq., Controller L.P.S. Sir William Noble Engineer·in-Chief, G. F. Preston, c.B.E., Controlle: London Telephone Service, W. H. Allen, Esq., O. B.E., Controller of Post-Office Stores Department.

Dr. Bashford hoped that the Ambulance movement in the Post- Office would now rapidly regain its vigour as before the war, and he. a.sked for the sympathy and assistance of all those who were wlllmg to help them in this good work. The PostOffice Ambulance Corps was. entirely unoffi ci al and voluntary and was devoted to a form of social service of considerable benefit to the post-offi ce staff the general community.

The absence of the of the Corps, J. SinClair, Esq C B.E., M.D etc., owmg to Illness, was sympathetically referred to. Messages from him were read. The hope was exp ress ed for his speedy return to health.

On Dr. Sinclair's recent retirement from the Post-Office as as chief medical officer he was -presented with a well-fitted dressing bag by the members of the Corps as a token of the great respe c t and esteem in which he is held and for his valuable p ro fessional work as President since 19;2.

The Chairman made sympathetic reference to the membel'S of the Corps who had sacrificed their lives in the war.

The best thanks are due to M r. G. J. Le at es, Inl a nd Section, for the excellent concer provided.

Enqu iri e s a re invited by those interested in the work of Coro, in the Po ;t-Offic e, and any nfo rmation desired would Ibe gladly furnished by Capt. G. Gerhold, Secretary, P.O.A C. Inland Se:tion, Mount Pleasant, E.C.-H.A.V.

W ALTHAM ·TOW. - The 28th (Walthamstow ) Div isio n and the I Ilh Nursing DIvision of the Sr. John Ambulance Brigade attended the Sunday morn ng service ,·n December 24th at the Un ted :v1ethodlst Church, where they were addressed by the Rev. Jas Ellis, the minister.

There Were about two hundred men on parade, of whom a hundred were visitors from other divisions. Supt. S. C. Kn ght was in comma nd, and the adjutant for the parade was Ambulance Officer F. T. Taylor. The nurs ing sisters were in c h arg e of Lady Supt. Mrs. Cardo. Others present were:

A"slstant Commissioner S. H. Vilven, Supts J. T. Olley ( Ley ton ) Stantham (W est Ham ), Atkins (East Ham), Fry (G r ays) , and Mr. Olley. The procession was headed by the bri gade's pipe and bugle band, under Bandmaster Violen. The Salvation Army Band was also present.

In the course of his sermon, the Rev. Jas Ellis said that when they set out on a certain line of conduct they did things that they never expected to do. They did a thousand little thtn ss that seemed to have no value. Do not forget that in literature a man \Va'i judged, not by his essays, but by his cor · resp')ndence. The parson was not judged by his character, but the things he would do and say when he came out of the pulp ·t. Did thos e who first started their order realise all that It w lS going t o do. and think that when a man, woman orchild w b knocked down in the street near their stati')ns someone wrw ld go out t r) them?

The service would close with the National Anthem. After the Il1 3rc lt hack the I lea l men and nursing sisters were inin Marsh-street pl.lyground by Assistant Com:nissioner S H. Vilven, who at the clo; e adcl.re;;sed all p esen' and expressed his great satisfacti on at the high state of effic en cy tha t had been maintained by the b ri gade in Wcil thamstow. The visitor;; were then entertained at the brigade station.

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A I D.- November, 1920.

No. 3 District.

NORTHAl\lPToN. On October 23rd at the Ambulance Hall, King-street, Northampton, the and Nursing .Sisters of the Headquarter's Nursing Plvlslon MISS Lloyd with a gold pendant and chaIn. The presentation was made by Lady District Superintendent, Mrs. Reeves, A.R.R.C. Miss Lloyd, who is very shortly leavIng England, has been a member of the Headquarters' Division for many years, and during- the war did valuable work at V.A:.D. Headquarters. Those present included Dr. Stone, MIss Stn?e, Lady Superintendent Miss Bradford, A.R.C.C.! Lady tendent Mrs. Lievesky, Lady Corps SuperIntendent MIss Mawby, M.B.E.

No. 4 District.

BOOTLE NURSING DIVISION.-A very enjoyable Whi5t Drive and Dance was held on Saturday, October 23 rd , in connection with the Nursing Division. The proceeds being in aid of Colonel Trimble's District Fund. There were over 200 guests present and the event was a great success both socially and financially.

Letters of apology for absence were sent by Sir Thomas Royden and the and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. H. Pennington )

Mrs. McNaught, Lady Superintendent, in the interval thanked the large assembly for their kind support, and invited all present to book the date of the next social function, which will be held on November 27 th

In the absence of the Mayor and Mayoress, Major and Mrs. Burnie presided. Mrs.' Burnie presenting- the prizes, the donors of which were" Sir Thomas Royden, Mrs. Fred Wadsworth, Mr. Cookson and Messrs. Vlilliams.

The thanks of the Division was given to Miss who had sold Qver si xty tickets.

Mr. Harold Greenhouse was indefatigable as M.e. both for Whist and Dancing, and took great pains to ensure the enjoyment of all the guests.

A hearty vote of thanks was passed to Mrs. Burnie and Mrs. McN aught, and the happy evening closed with the sing ing of the National Anthem.

The whole arrangements were in the hands of Mrs. McNaught, Lady Superintendent. Mrs. H. Caunce, Hon. Secretary, and Miss Morrison, Han. Treasurer.

No. 5 District.

BULWELL. - An "at home" was held at Divisional Headquarters on November 1st, which was attended by Divisional Supt. L. Sullivan, Lady Divisional Supt. Miss C. Wellington, and 1st Officer Mrs. James, Secretary Mrs. M. Cowley, Treasurer Miss A. Smedley, and Storekeeper Miss James.

After partaking of the hospitality of the hostess, Lady Divisional Supt. Miss C. Wellington, a most charming presentation took place, the recipient being Nursing Sister Miss H. Rowley, who has been a very devoted and efficient member of the division and is shortly proceeding to America.

Supt. L. Sullivan; in making the presentation, which consisted of an ornate fruit knife suitably inscribed, rnenti:med a few of the many good works and deeds performed by Miss H. Rowley as an example for new members. Mrs. Crane and Miss Scott, supported by the division en masse, wished Miss H. Rowley a speedy and pleasant journey to her new home combined with health and happiness.

Miss H. Rowley suitably responded, expressing with feeling her gratification that the Division considered her wOlthy of such a present, and stated the intention of doing another (( little bi t" with our American Cousins' organisation.

Miss H. Rowley was accompanied by a representative of of the Division on the first stage of her journey, when the last bon voyage was said.

DEWSBURY.-The D.ewsbury and District Corps of the St. John Ambulance BrIgade and Nursing Division held a successful flag day on Oct. 23rd, when over £61 was realised.

Taking into account the few helpers, and the cold day, etc . the result was excellent.

The annual" At Home" and distribution of awards of the Middlesborough and Cleveland Centre of the Association was held on October 7th, Mr. T. Chambers being in the chair.

HEANOR.-- The members of the Division had an enjoyable outing to Nottingham on October 30

A special tramcar had been chartered, and the party to the number of 35, under Ambulance Officers J. Wood and R H. Daybell, made the journey.

On arrival at the Parliament-street terminus they were welcomed by the Acting Assistant Commissioner for Notts (Mr. A. B. Gibson) aud Sergeant Allen of the City Division.

The party then proceeded to the Fire Station, where Superintendent Breaks personally conducted the Division and fully explained the procedure adopted for receiving alarms and calling the firemen.

Leaving the fire station the party proceeded to the General Hospital. Here the Division was divided into two parties who were greatly interested in visiting the Medical and Surgical Wards, Operating Theatre, and Sterilizing Room, X-Ray Department, Dispensary, Laundry, Receiving Rooms and out-door patients department.

The party upon leaving the Hospital proceeded to the Flying Horse Hotel, where a splendid tta was fully appreciated and after votes of thanks to Assistant-Commissioner Gibson the men dispersed and returned home in accordance with their individual al

No.6 D.istrict.

WEST HARTLEPOOL -War medals were presented to the members of the Division, member of the V.A.D., Durham 77, and the 75th Division, Motor Ambulance Section, on October 26th. The awards included badges, medallions and certificates. The Mayor, Councillor T. F. Thompson, J.P., who, by the way, is District Officer of the 75th Division, presided over the gathering, being supported by Councillor W. T. Ryan, commandant of the West Hartlepool Division.

In the absence of Col. Robson, e,M.G., D.S.O., his Worship made the presentations, and in the course of his referred in appreciative terms to the services rendered by the members of the St. John Ambulance Association to the town and country, and said it was fitting that they should be presented with some tangible token of recognition.

The Mayor pointed out that at the outbreak of war 25 volunteers were drafted for foreign service and the home hospitals, and in all </> men served, including Pte. T. Tate, who is still serving at a military hmpital near Birmingham, although nearly 70 years of age.

A standing order of the Division was" Don't wait for a call, but, upon hearing the first hostile gun, eport at headquarters." On the morning of the bombardrr.ent, December 16th, 1914, this order stood in g·)od s;tead, for within thirteen minutes of the first shot being fired at 7.50 a.m., some 30 members were on parade at headquarter!> and were detailed to work in various parts of the town, where they carried out their errand of mercy during the whole of the bombardment. It was later fcund that the remaining members of the Division had immediately gone on duty, several in the works at which they were employed. About 120 cases were attended to, the less serious cases being conveyed to their homes. and the serious cases removed to hospital.

The members also did remarkably good service during the air raids, the superintendent receiving letters of thanks from the Secretary of War for these services.

No. 9 District.

EXETER. -At the Headquarters of the Division on October 1Ith, the Chief Constable unveiled a memorial to the members who lost their lives in the war.

Supt. Bowden said of all those whose names were recorded on the tablet it could be well said they were "good men and true." That Division had done service during the war

November, 19 20 - FIRST which had not been beaten by any other Detachment in England.

The Chief Constable, before unveiling the framed memorial which was hanging on the wall, said he had always had very great admiration for the work of the Brigade, appreciation based on twenty years of experience with them at big demonstrations and riots. Under such circumstances he al ways felt that he could rely on them When war broke out every man of the Exeter Division who was available for military service attested, but those who remained behind did not have an easy task, although they were spared the personal danger which those in the Army had to undergo. They carried on at home under trying conditions, and after a hard day's work, occasioned by short staffs at their places of business, turned out cheerfully to do their best for the wounded soldiers at the hospitals and on the trains.

The memorial having been unveiled the Division saluted and a wreath was placed under the memorial.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

It must be gratifying- to all members of the Brigade to know that in Dublin the work of S.J.A.B. was never in a more flourishing state-.

It may not perhaps be fLllly realised the extent of the work at present being carned out by this Organisation in the City and County ,of Dublin. Many act lviues of a philanthropic character are being served by the Brigade. Practically every function where crowds collect is now attended by St. John nurses and ambulance men, first aid is being rendered to the public in the streets, ambulance men attend the theatres and the Lug-e picture houses nightly, first aiders:are being trained

AID.-

69

horse, broken collar bone, badly crushed big toes. I n addition there several cases of a minor character such as grit in eye, famtness, general collapse and incipient pneumonia_ At the conclusion of the Show the Commissioner, Sir John Lumsden, K. B.E., received the following letter of thanks for the work done by the Brigade.

DEAR SIR JOHN LUMSDEN,-

At a meeting- of the Horse Show Committee held in the committee room, Balls Bridge on Friday last at the motion of the Chairman (Captain J. H. Greer, D.L. ), it was unanimously resolved;-

"That the Committees' best thanks be heartily tendered to Sir John Lumsden, K.B.E., Commissioner, St. John'S Ambulance Brigade, No. J2 (Irish) District for the excellent First Aid arrangements made in connection with the Horse Show which conduced in no small degree to the comfort of visitors, exhibitors and officials."

I n conveying this Resolution may I add that the whole of the members of your Brigade were untiring in their efforts to ensure that prompt and skilful attention which is so necessary in cases of accident or sudden illness, and I hope you will take an eatly opportunity of expressing to Mrs. Shanks and Corps Officer McWilliam my personal indebtedness to them for so thoroughly and courteously dealing with any inquiries made by me.

The high standard of efficiency maintained throughout the Show by the Brigade was most marked and I hope the Society may continue to be favoured with such excellent services, I am,

Yours obediently, EDWARD BOHANE. Agricultural Supt.

Sir John Lumsden, KB.E., Commissioner, No. 12 (Irish) District, 40, Merrion-square, Dublin.

During the week of the Hospital's Fete at Ballsbridge, the Brigade was again in evidence and rendered valuable assistance where it was required.

On the right hand side of the Main Entrance Hall on the way to the ballroom a well-equipped First Aid Station was installed, where cases of accident or illness were treated during the week by nursing officers and sisters of the Brigade. There was also an Am bulance Station staffed by St. John Orderlies, with stretchers and full equipment, outside the l\lain Hall, close to the outdoor amusements.

Officers-in-Charge.-District Officer, Miss Overend and Corps Superintendent, A. J. McWilliam.

Warning Against Illegal Use of Red Cross.

First Aid Station at Hospital's F e te, Dublin. October 16th-23rd, 19 20 for service in the yards and workshops of large industries, and home hygiene and sanitation taught, which must prove of inestimable benefit to the community.

Baby clothing, invalid requisites, and hospital supplies departments are arranged from Headquarters at 40, Merrionsquare.

The Brigade work is outside creed or politics, and its services are al ways available for everyone in need of first aid or a helping hand.

At the recent Horse Show at Ballsbridge orderlies were in attendance night and day for four days under Corps Superintendent McWilliam and Superintendent Haffield. Accidents in the stables and in the jumping endosure, and cases of sudden illness were attended to by the ambulance men and nursing sisters until medical or surgical attention was available.

Amongst the cases may be mentioned the foll(lwingCrushed foot, fractured rib, bad cut in leg due to kick of

CASES having recently come to the notice of the War Office of the unauthorised used by traders and others of the Red Cross emblem and of the words "Red Cross," the Secretary of the War Office draws attention to the fact that such use for trade or other purposes without the authority of the Army Council is an offence under section I of the Geneva Convention Act, 19 1 1.

This Act was passed in consequence of the adhesion of H.M. Government to the Geneva Convention, 19 06 Apart therefore from the fact that the unauthorised use of of the em blem or words renders the user liable to prosecution it is obviously the duty of all members of the public to bis Majesty's Government in carrying out their international obligations in this matter by a strict observance of both the letter and the spirit of the Act and the Convention.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

OCTOBER, 1920.

Field Marshal H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, K.G., K.T., KP., P.c., etc., has graciously agreed to be President of the Guildford Corps, No. 8 District, Sr. John Ambulance Brigade.

The Chid Commissioner has sanctioned the fol1()wi"g appointments, promotions, transfers and r es ignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 36 (Eas t Croydon and Addiscombe) Nursing DiviSurgeon F. Beard resigned, 13.10.20.

No. 27N (West Ham) Nursing Division).-Divisional Surgeon A. Campbell Stark resigned, 1).10.20

No. 51 (Croydon) Division).-Pte. Ernest James Moore to be Ambulance Officer, 8. TO 20.

No. 28 ( Harrow and Wealdstone ) Division.-Divisional Supt. C. C. Deane resigned and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 13.10.20.

Ambulance Officer W. F. Hartmann to be Divisiona

Supt., 4.10 .2 0.

No. 72 (Ba rking ) Division.-Ambulance Officer Alma

James Newman Nice to be Divisional Supt., 25.10.20.

No. 38 (L.I3.S. & C.Ry.) D iv isi on.-Divisional Surgeon E.

H. Roberts resigned, 29.10.20.

No. 83 (N orthern Heights Division. --Ca p tai n L. H.

R. Claydon to be Ambulance Officer, 25.10.20.

No. 80 (Stoke Newington) Dlvision. - Pte. Edw in B

Thomas to be Ambulance Officer, 2I.IO.20.

No. 58 ( London Post Office) Division ).-Pte. William

John Hughes to be Ambulance Officer, 11.9.20. 84 (Twickenbam ) Division. -G. H. Dupont, M.D., Ch.M., D.P.H to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.10.20.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

D;visional Surgeon and Supt. Dr. Artbur Ernest Larking, M.D., to be District Officer, 1. 11.20.

His Worship the Mayor of Aylesbury to be Honorary President, 5.10.20.

Aylesbury Division.-Ambulance Officer Percy Marshall to be Divisional Supt., 11.10.20, vice Supt. T. Moore trans· ferred to the Brigade Reserve.

Thomas Perrin, M.B., M . R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2 I. I. I 5.

Lymington Nursing Division.-Ralph de Mowbray, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.RC.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5. 11.20.

City of Bristol Corps.-John Victor Harrison to be Corps Officer, 8.10.20.

City of Bristol Corps ( Temple Mead Division ).-Sergt. Herbert C. Collard to be Am bulance Offi cer, 8. 10.20.

Sergt. Albert E. Scott to be Am bulance Officer, 9. 10 20

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Wellingborough Corps (Rushden Nursing Division).-

Nursing Sister Winifred Clipson to be Nursing Officer 29 8 20 vice Nursing Officer Miss G. Gent resigned.

Kettering Corps.-Corps Supt. H. Raby granted eight of on June 30th, 19 2 1.

DIVISional Supt. C. W. CurtIs to be Acting Corps Supt. during Corps Supt. H. Raby's absence.

Kettering Corps ( Headquarters Nursing ing Officer Mrs. Helen WI!ls to be Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt., 28.10.2 0, vice Mrs. Far.mer re.slgned.

Nursing Sister Mrs. Sebma PhIllips to be NurSIng Officer, 28.10.20.

Nursing Sister Miss Lillie Percival to be Nursing Officer, 29. 1020

NOlthampton Corps.-Divisional Supt. W. H. Percival to be Corps Supt., 8.10.20.

N ortharnpton Corps (Towcester Division) .-Ambulance Officer R. E. Sutton to be Supt., 9.10.20.

N onhampton Corps ( Spencer Nursing Div!si.0!1 ).-Nursing Officer Mrs. Julie M. Llevesley to be Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt. vice Miss E. Osborn resigned.

Tamworth Nursing Division.-Nursing S ister Mrs. Emma Anna Owen to be NurSIng Officer, 26.10.20.

Leicester Co rps Vale Division ).-A. Morrison, M.B., Ch. B., to be DivisIOnal Surgeon, 27.10.20.

Leice " ter Corps (Y. M.C.A. Division).-Divisional Surgeon

C. D. Bryan resigned, 2q.IO.20.

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Lancaster Division. - Divisional Supt. R Roocroft resigned, 8.10.20, Heysham Division.-Dlvisional Supt. A. Birch resigned 8.10.20.

Colne Division .-Am bulance Officer J. Stephenson resigned, 9.10 20.

Preston Corps ( Leyland Division).- C. W. Aikman, M. B., B Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.10.20, vice Dr. P. Fraser resigned and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 15.10.20.

Northwich D ivis iol1. - Div ision al Supt. J. P. Garner resigned, 29.10.20.

Northwich Division.-Ple. George Henry Johnson to be Divisional Supt., 4. [1.20. Manchester and Salford Corps (Salford Nursing Division) -Nursing Sister Miss Adelaide Astall to be Nursing Officer, 27-10.20, vice Mrs. Worthi ngton transferred to Gorton Division.

Nursing Sister Mrs Margaret Summers to be Nursing Officer, 28.10.20, vice Mrs. Riddell resigned.

Altrincham Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer Mrs. Brenda Crosby to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2.10.20, vice Miss Mallinson reSIgned.

Oldham Corps (Failsworth Division).-G. Brown- Burrows, M.B., B.S ., to be Divisional Surgeon, 27.10.20. NO.5 DISTRICT.

Derby Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. C. and uivisional Surgeon Dr. Smiley resigned their appointments in the Division and transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 13.10.20.

Nursing Officer Miss Margaret Darby to be Lady Divisional Supt., 4.10.20, vice Mrs. Smiley resigned.

Goole Division.-Pte. Charles Batley, to be Divisional Supt., 22.9.20.

Barnoldswick Nursing Division. - Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Bell Parker resigned, 21. 10.20.

Nursing Officer Miss Margaret Jackson to by Lady Divisional Supt., 28.9.20, vice Miss B. Parker resigned.

Nursmg Sister Teresa Brooks to be Nursing Officer, 28.9 20

L. W. Bradshaw, L.R.c.P., LoR.C.P.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 28 .9. 20.

Hanley and District Corps ( Fenton Division).-Sergt. Moses Stevens on to be Ambulance Officer, [39 20.

Hanley and District Corps '( Hanley Dlvision ) -Sergt. W. H. Kenneth Ba 'l ks to be Ambulance Officer, 27.IO 20.

November, 19 20 FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBl.;LA!\CE GAZETTE.-

Shipley and District Corps (G uiseley Div ision) -Sergt.

J. Crook to be Officer, 11.10.20

Shipley and DIstrIct COl ps (Yeadon DlVlslOn). - Corporal Walker RobInson to be Anlbulance Officer, 11.10.20.

Leeds Corps (Armley and Wortley Division). - Pte.Edward

D. Glover to be Ambulance Officer, 30 .9. 20

Leeds Corps ( BI arnley, StanOlngley and Pudsey Dl\,lslon )

-Ac ting Sergt. Harry Armstrong to be Divisional Supt., 30 .9. 20

Leeds Corps (Burley, Kirkstall and Headlllgley DIVIsIon ).

Sergt. Robert Henry Baker to be Divisional Supt., 30 .9. 20

Sergt. Mattbew Bray Fenton to be Ambulance Officer, 30 .9 20 .'

Leeds Corps (Victoria Nursing DivislOn).-Nursmg

Mrs. Edith Rhodes to be Lady Divisional Supt., 4.10.20, vIce

Miss A. Simpson resigned.

Nottingham Corps ( Great Northern Nursmg Dlvlslon ).Nursing Sister Mrs. EmellOe to he NurSIng Officer, 28.9. 20, vice Miss E. resigned.

Shirebrook Dlv slon.- Ambulance Officer T. Liddell LO be Divisional Supt., 25.10.20, vice Divisional Supt J. Daly resigned,

Uttoxeter Town Division.-Corpl. Jobn W Illiam Colclough to be Transport Officer, 24.9. 20 "

Sutton-in-Ashfield Dlv ls lon.-Ambulance Officer A. E. Wingrov e resigned, J J 1.20. ,

Sergt. Herbert J FlOW to be Ambulance Officer, 20 10:20.

Thorne Dlvision .- Edward E\\ att Pan ett, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divislunal Surgeon, I. 10.20.

Morley and DistJ ict Corps.-Dlvision tl Surgeon William Thomas McCutcheon, M. B, B.Ch., to be Corps Surgeon, 19. 10 20 .,

Morley and District Corps ( Morley and Ardsley

-Sergt Fred Walker tobe Divisional Supt., 19 ·1020.

Pontefract and Distnct Corps.--Ambulance Officer CbarltS Paver to be Corps Officer, 22.10.20.

Keighley Corps.-John Cook to be Corps Officer, 22.10.::!0

No.6 DISTRICT.

District Officer The Rev. H. Haslam transferred to the Brigade Reserve, S.9·20.

Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Hyde to be Lady District Officer, 25.10.20.

District Officer Capt. H. M. Holt resigned, 8. 11.20.

Hull Corps (Peel Hou s e N urslOg sing Sister Miss Doris Robinson to be Lady :: upt., 2.10.20.

Whitby Division.--Henry Hadand Eaw, M.RC.S., L.R.C .P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4.10.20, \ 'ce Dr. I\Iitchel1 deceased.

North Tyne Division.--Divisiol al Sup!. H. C. Wo e d n :signed, 3. 11.20.

Corn say and District Nursing D IVISJ( n. - DIVISional Surg eon D. Young resigned, 1.1l.20 Nursing Officer M. Lowden reslgr.ed, J 11.20.

Lanchester Nursing Ofncer MISS Elizabeth Hunter resigm her rank ar,d men

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Jesmond l\ursmg Dlvlslon ).Nursing Sister Miss Gertrude Metl;(k to be :-Jursmg Officer, 29.10.20.

Newcastle-on-Tyne C( rps (SI. Petel's \\ o:k:, Harold Hyam Goodman, :'II. R.C.S., L.R. .C 1'" to be Dlvlslollal Surgeon, 5.10.20, vice Dr. 1. F. I'ri\ 1I

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (.Fnends Dlvlslon ).-S ergt. John Andrew Armstrong to be Ambulance Officer, 25. 10 20 Beverley Divisioo.- Hugb Le!?uox Munro, M.LJ ., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3.10.20, vice Dr. Hebburn Division.-Amblllance Officer 0 Hagan to be Divisipnal Supt., 14 10.20, vice R. Hunter reSigned. Corpl. William Smith to be 14· 1O• 2,?'. Ashington Coal Company Corps ( LlOton Divislon ).-DlvlSupt. John Pattison resigned 26.10.20.

No 7 DISTRICT.

Shrewsbury Corps ( Market Drayton Division).

-Nursing Sister Miss M. Fell to be Lady DIVISIOnal Supt., 26.10.20.

No.8 DISTRICT.

District Officer G. Loch, M.R.C.S., J.P., to he District Surgeon for the County of Sussex, 259.20. WIilesborougb Division -ThIs Division transferreu to the South Eastern and Chatham Railway District, 15 10 20 Divisional Supt. The Rev. F. T. Gregg transferred to lhe South E (stern and Chatham Railway DistriCT, 15.10.20. SOUth Ashfo rd Dlvision.-This Di"ision and all officels transferred to the South Eastern and Chatham RaIlway D,strict, 15 10 -20.

BrIghton and Hove Corps.-Charles Griffin to be Corps Supt., 24.920, vice Col Sir WIlliam Gen ile prommed. Tunbridge Wells Division.-Divisional Surgeun W. T. Storrs resigned, 26.1020. Cantrrbury Division. -C orpl. Henry Jobn Upton to be Ambulance Officer, 26 1020.

["Ie of Thanet Corps ( Ramsgate Nursing Division).-Effie Lady Hertslet to be Honorary Vice-President, IO 1020. Brig hton and Hove Corps ( Prp.ston Nursing Dlvision ).Lady D ivisi onal Supt. Mrs. Hart tramfened to Brigade Re"erve, 11.10.20.

Divisional Surgeon H. J. Bailey resigned , '1.10 .20. Guildford Corp>. -Constance Mary Lady Knowles, O .13 E. to be L ady Corps Supt 5.10.20.

Gu·ldford (Clandon Nursing DlvlslOn).- :--lllrsing Officer Mrs E. ROlVcliffe to be Lady Divisional Supt., 29 1020, vice The Countess ofOl15low promoted. Nursing Sister 1\'1r s. G. Boorman to be NurSIng Officer, 29. 10 20

No. 12 DlSTRICT.

St. James's Gate Division.-Sergt. Michael Brien to be Arn bulance Officer, IS 10.20.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

WIllesborough Divisi on - Transferred from No.8 District 15. 10 20

Divisional Supt. F. T. Gregg tran sferred from :--In. 8 District.

South Ashford Divisi"n.- The Divisiun and all Omcers trans(cl red from No.8 District, 15.1020.

N nrth Division.-Capt. Sir Ian Hamilton Benn, lH, C.B., D.S.O., :VI.P., R N.V R., to be HI1norary PresidenT, 2910 20.

J. R. Holmes, M.B., C.M., to be Divisional Surge on , 29. 10.:'0.

ot Division.-Charles Henry Pearson to be Ambu lance Officer, 29.10.20.

.N RW DIVISIONS, &c.

Di\'ision:. sanctioned and disbanded:

No I DISTRICT.

N () 48 (Grays) Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 10 8.20 j\; o. 3 DlSTRICT.

Wollaston Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 26.10.20.

No <-1- DISTR ICT.

FroJ"halll Divi"ion.-Disbanded, 8.1 0.20.

I-{odburow Division.-Disbanded, 8 10.20.

Preesc-til D,v "ion -Di"b.:IOded , b.l0.:0. Sale and Ashton Division.-Disbanded, 8.1020. Walton-le-ILle Division. -Disba nded, 8.10.20.

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Meir Divi sio n has withdrclwn from the Hanley and District Corps. d y\Thitwood Collieries DIVISI?n.-SanctlOne .22 9. 20

A ck worth D 1\ ision. - Sanctloned, + 11.20, formtng part of the Ponterl act

No.8 DISTR1CT.

vVille:-;bo rollg h and South Ashford Divisions.- Transferred to S.E. & C.Ry. Di"trict, '5. 10 20

_ FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - November, 20

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Willesborough and South Ashford Divisions. - Transferred from No.8 District, 15. 10 20

Ashford Station Division.-Sanctioned, 3. 1 1.20. Ashford Works Division.-Sanctioned, 8.11.20.

DEATH S.

No. DISTRICT.

Divisional Superintendent Mrs. E. Colegrave, No. 5N (Norwood), Nursing Division, reported, 29. 10 20

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Divisional Superintendent E. L. Appleyard, Norden Division, reported, 30 9.20.

Divisional Superintendent J. H. Fawcett, Cockermonth Division, reported, 8.10.20.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Glerkenwell, London, E.G., Oct 27t1z, I920.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. J obn of Jerusalem in England :-

As ChaplaZ7is:

The Very Rev William Holden Hutton, Dean of Winchester.

The Rev. Wtliiam Dare Rudgard (from Honorary Associate).

As Knz'ght of Grace:

Dudley Holden lllingworth.

As Esquires:

Dickson Gell (from Honorary Associate ).

DenIs Harold Boulton.

Captain f\braham Langhom Garnett (fro m Honorary Associate).

Joseph Cryer, L.R.C. P., M.R.C.S. (from Honorary Associate )

Arthur Charles McCausland Yate. · '

John Victor Thomas Woolrych Tait Perowne.

Thomas William Clay, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.

As Honorary Brothers :

Major Edgar Hugh Strong, M.R.e.s.

John Brine.

Robert Blake.

Al(red Newton.

Joseph Ash.

William Harrison.

Francis James Thompson.

Charles John Painter.

Thomas Dobson Fenwick.

As Honorary Servin f{ Sisters:

Sister Mary Sophie Sevier. Ann, Mrs. C. W. Bartholomew.

Wmlfred, Mrs. Mustard.

Alice Kate, Miss Towers.

As hTonorary Assodates :

Wtlliam James Litster, O. B.E.

Albe.rt Victor Barnard" M.B.E., M.D., D.P H

WIllIam Murray Cairns, C.B E, M.D. "

Thomas Geor$e Styan, M.D.

Robert Grieve Hicks, M.R.C.S. L.R.C.P.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

We have appointed 49 Nursing V.A D. members to Ministry of Pensions and Naval Hospitals during the last month.

Twenty-eight requisitions have been received for the services of our nursing members from these hospitals during the past month, 25 of these having been received from the Ministry of Pensions Hospitals. The Matron·in-Chief of Ministry of Pensions is filling some of these vacancies, however, owing to the transfer of the V.A.D. per.;onnel from one of the London hospitals which is changing its character.

Six hundred and ninety-nine applications from V.A.D. members for assisted passag es have now been forwarded to the Overseas Se ttlement Office. The last date on which these will be considered is December 31st, 1920, or wlthm one year from the date of release from service, whichever date is the later.

V. A. D. mf'mbers are receiving assistance 10 tramlOg from the Central Committee on Women's Training and Employment, St. Ermin's, W;}stminster, S: W. 1. These trainings include :-Health visitor, mediClOt, massage. poultry farming, music, domestic science, work, gardening, accountancy, dispensIng, C.M.B., hospital almoner, dentistry, cookery.

Twenty-three other ladies applied for assistance, but afterwards withdrew their applications for various reasons.

Fifty-three other cases are still under consideration.

V. A. D nursing members who came over with Canadian Official Units and served in Military Hospitals in this country are now receiving a gratuity! hrough the Canadian Imperial War. Service Gratuities Department, providing they were entitled to gratuity from the Imperial Government, and subject to the approval of the Canadian authorities.

Seventeen students entered upon their training in Public Nursing at King's College for 'Vomen, Campden-hIlI, on October 5th, 1920, under the regis of the League of Red Cross Societies. The Course is for one year, and the students represent the following countries :Peru, Italy, Belgium, Greece, France, CzechoSlovakIa, Poland, Switzerland, Roumania, Serbia, RussiR, England, Canada, U.S.A.

All these ladies have been eltcted honorary mem bel s of the V.A D. Ladies' Club, 28, Cavendish-square, W. r.

It is with very deep regret that we have to record the death of Mrs. Elizabeth Violet Colegrave, Lady Superintendent, London, 82, which took place on October 21st at Bracebridge, Cb urch-road, Upper Norwood. Mrs. grave had been an indefatigable worker for the St. John fO.r a considerable number of years, be10g a famIlIar figure 10 charge of the ambulance station the Crystal Palace. During the war, Mrs. Colegrave was 10 c.harge of an auxiliary hospital in Norwood, and she receIved M B.E. (or her services. She was a Lady uf of the Order of. St. John of Jerusalem, holding the King Edward and King George Coronation Medals and the Long Service Medal of the St. John Am bulance Brigade.

The chief item of interest in conn ection with the General Service Department is that the War Office has asked us to continue posting members, until April, 192 r. All mem t,>ers now under contract may, if they so desire, renew the\[ for another six months. As a whole the are those governing the contracts for past SIX months.

November, [9.20, -FlltST

The units in France are gradually closing, and there now remain about eighty members working.

The hospitals at home in which mem bers are working num ber about twelve. The members most urgently reCl uired are of the domestic category-name ly, cooks and hou se mem bers

We give deta.ils of appointments obtained bv students trained under the V.A.D. Scholarship Scheme, showing the type of post taken by members who have undergone the vario us trainings:Pharmacy.-Po!>t at Seaman's Hospital for Tropical Di seases, Endsleigh-gardens.

Health Visitor.-( I) Superintendent of John Madock's Baby's Horne, Basingstoke (2) Health Vlsitor for X Ray.- Post in X Ray Department, Sir Robert Jones' Hospital, Shrews bury Welfare SupervisoL-Assistant Welfare Supervisor in wo ol mill near Bradford School Matron. - Housekeeper, Roedean School, Br ighton, Nursery Nurse.-Nurse Assistant in Boarding School for Young Children, New York.

Institutional Cook.-Resident Matron at St. Helen's School, Northwood.

Midwifery.-District Nurse and Midwife at Burnham :Market, King's Lynn.

NO.4-District Conference at Morecambe.

A CO NFERENCE of the mtm bers of th e District took place at the Palladium on October 16th. There were about 25 0 delegates present. The confer ence was presided over by Col. Trimble, the Commissioner, supported by Major W. S. Woodcock, Asst.-Commission er; Mr. A. Vernon Davies, District Treasurer; Mr. J. F. Washington, District Secreta ry; Dr. Molloy, Corps Surgeon: Dr. Oldham, Moreca mbe; and Mrs. Tweedale, Lady District Superintendent.

Ald. R. B.Siddle, in extending a welcome to the de legates, apologised for the absence of the Mayor. He re gretted not being able to be present to welcome them, but he (the speak er) was very glad, on behalf of the corp orate body of the town, to extend to them a hearty welco me. Their wor k was the alleviation of pain, helping the si ck, the weak, and the needy. They in Morecambe, endeavoured to follow their good work with the ozone fr om the hills, th e balmy breezes from the sea so that it ma y be brought to a logical conclusion. Therefore they clai med in a measure to be workers together for the sake of h umanity.

The Commissioner thanked Ald. Siddle, and said he was glad to see the Mayoress present.

In his address the Commissioner said he was gratified to welcome NO.4 District again in annual conference. He pleaded for more interest to be taken in the Bligade. The Brigade was the most democratic body in England. It was made up of working men and W0men who took up the work in order that they might be useful. They made the Brigade the success it was to -day, It was not the superior grades of society to whom they owed their success-they owed it to the working men and women. He asked if they were going to allow the democratic work to fall away?

(cries of "No."). He felt sure that No. 4 District would take home with th e m that determination. Some of th €.m wrote to bim asking if they were to calIY on when they had about haH-a -dozen followers? Yes, he repli e d, they

AID. - 73

must carryon. They had the neucleus and must build up from that. He was srmy to speak so forcibly, but he always had to speak straight and put forward the views he held.

He did not know what position they stood in as to the coal strike Every00dy result of such a calamity, and he had lssued the follOWIng Instructions: The members of the Brigade should be ready to give every assistance in their power to the authorities to keep up the food supply in the country and to generally assist in maintaining good order. Should any memlJers have technical knowledge of any profession they should give assistance at once. The duties of special constables should be undertaken also, and branches should be prepared to equip partits. Motor ambulances should be ready for immediate duty, and all branches must place their services before the chief police officer of their district. The Commissioner then spoke of the amalgamation of the Brigade and the British Red Cross Society. The Brigade was still under its own officers. The V. A. D. came under the control of the county directors of the two joint societies. What was going to happen to the V.A.D. he was not certain, but he had a feeling that the V. A. D's that remained would be transferred to the Territorial Force Association. Indeed, they would become (a n integral part of the Territorial Force in the country. Next year must be a "full speed" for the Brigade. Carryon, keep the old flag of St. John flying !

On the suggestion of Dr. Molloy it was decided to hold an Ambulance Festival at Blackpool early in the spring.

The treasurer reported that the balance sheet showed a capital bank lJ ::l.!ance of .£715 lIS. Id.

A delegate brought forth the question of the saluting of officers of the Brigade. He contended that the latter did not return the salute in a proper manner.

The Commissioner replied that th e regulations were being made as final as possible.

The same delegate said that the Home Hospital Reserve had never received any recognition of their service. It was time the authorities woke up and recognised those people who stayed at home and did good work.

The Commissioner: It must be an Order decoration. He promised to ventilate the question.

At the conclusion of the conference, the District Staff Officers, the Mayoress, Alderman and Mrs. Siddle, and the delegate were on the invitation of the officers and members of the Morecambe Division, entertained to tea in the Albert Hall.

After tea, at th e request of the Divisional Surgeon (Dr. Oldham), the Mayort!ss, in graceful terms, presented to Ambulance Officer M. Benson, the vote of thanks accorded to him by the Chapter General of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Later in the evening a dance was held in the Albert Hall, and was well attended by the delegates, members of the local divisions and friends. Ambulance Officer E. H. Norman, making an efficient M.e.

Th e arrangements for the days proceedings were carried out by a committee composed of the local officers, Ambulanc e Offic ers Barnes and Benson acting as hon secretaries.

We have received from Messrl". W. and G Foyle, ] 2 I12 5, Charing Cross-road, London, W.e.2, a of the new edition of their abridged catalogue of Medical Books for students and medical practitioners. All readers who require either new or books should write to Messrs. Foyle for a copy of thiS catalogu e.

A. W . J .' s e tt e r in o ur cor re s pon d f n ':e co umn on the Muft i Bad ge fo r th e S J.A B. is a su b j ect which has b ee n raised b e fo r e in F IRST AID, and we ar e ve ry pl e ased to not e that the Bri ga d e A uth o ri t ies ar e now iss u ing th e se b a dges o members. A s o ur c orr e sp ond e nt p oin ts o u t by m e ans of the badge B rigade m e mb e rs will rec og nis e e a ch oth Er through o ut th e country a nd it will thus be th e means of introduction

W e are glad to se e t h a t a confere nc e of the mem b e rs of the NO·4 Distric t o f the B rig ade wa s h e ld las t month at Mor e cambe , and , b y th e large a tt e nd a nce, sh e ws th at the members of th e Dlstr ic t rea lis e th a t som e j 0i nt e ffort is n e cessary to stimul a t e a n inte rt st in th e wo rk ***

Has th e suit a b ilit y o f the V.A.D. a s a nu rse -stud e nt been sufficiently r e c ogn ise d, as ks T he Nursi7tg T imes , and, if so, are the a dvanta ge s which ar e offe re d he r fo r training adequate? Th ese qu e s t io ns su gge st th r. m se lv e s to us as the result of the o pini o n e xpr ess e d b y a m a tron rec e ntly that V .A D ' s we re not e ncouraged to becom e trained

AID. November, 1920

nurs e s The nursing knowledg e of the V.A.D., said th3t lady, was very considerable. Moreov e r, she was, as a rule, an educat e d girl of good birth, who would be a valuable r e cruit to the ranks of the nursing profe ssion. Experienc e d V A.D 's wer e raw mat e rial o f e xcell e nt quality, which sh e thought th e profession should be eag e r to acquire, and c ould acquir e, if th e y impos e d r e asonabl e c o nditions. In her opinion, the peri od of trai n ing might be halved in the case o f V AD s, who ' had attained a c ertain a mount of experience

***

The re port of th e Burea u of Statisti c s o f th e Int e rst a te Comm e rce C o mmis si o n, U S A as s hown in Bulletin No 70 cov e rin g th e m o nt h s o f Oct o b t r, N ov emb e r, an d Dece mb e r, 1918, th e num be r 0 f p e rs ons k ill e d is 2, 37J, and th e injur e d J 8 ,8 75 ' Whil e th e se fi g ur e s are h ig her than some of the pr e vious re p ort s it falls consider ab ly b e low t he aver ag e for s e ve ra l y ea r s Am o n g t he elements of disast er, accid e nts c a us ed b y tr a ins st rik in g o r be in g struck by automob iles sh o w a ge ner a l incr<;. a se , the t ot a l number of accid e nt s b .:: in g 2, I 6 8. In th e cas e o f trains str ik i ng or being struc k by tr o ll y c a rs, th e nu m b e r i s limited t o 6r, showing conclu sive ly th a t a utom o b ile driv u s not at all compar a ble t o tram m e n or t rolly dr i ve rs in the e leme nt of safe ty. Tr e spass e rs show a list o f 819 killed a nd injured. Of lo c o m o t i ve accident s, th e br ea kir g o f the d rivin g ge a r and m a chin e ry be ing th e la rge st am u ng the o t h e r it e ms classifi ed as th e ca us e of a ccid e nt s

An inter estin g fea tur e o f the C o n fe r e nc e held at Winch ester of the t e n m otor a m bul a nce stations in H 3. mpshir e , under th e B ri ti s h R e d Cr o ss Soci e ty' s Home S e rvic e Scheme, was th e st a t e ment mad e by Mr. A. Moray Williams, chief assistant c o unty dir e ctor, on tb e s ervices ambulanc e s could r e nd e r during strikE-so Th e general sch e m e wa s to pro vid e t he county with an e ffi c ie nt fl ee t of mo t or ambul a nc e s wor k in g i n clo se co-o p e r a ti o n, with a he a d admm istra ti ve offic e Where the food supply was endang e red by strikes or the failure of pu blic transport, th e centr a l office would place the whole fl e et at th e lo cal disposal. of the public he alth authority to se c ure the delivery of food t o the county hospitals and infirmaries. In such an emergency he hopeci that each station would provide a driver with its car. The pr e sent distribution was exp e rim e ntal , and it might be de sirabl e t o re arrange them. Their position should b e known to e ve ry b o dy throughout th e c o unty from the police to the post offices, and much time would be saved in cross-c o untry journeys if one station with another. Motor transport has given a new weapon to the public to protect itseH in such emergencies as strikes, and in country districts esp e cially the hospitals; by means of these ambulances, are l e ss at the mercy of strik e rs than before. Th e perfe ctio n of the Home Service Ambulance S ch e me is all th e mor e d e sirabl e if the hospitals are to be served without compe tition between one another at a time of crisis.

H e alth Educ a tion.*

By KNUD STOUMAN . Chief, Department of Vital Statist ics Ltague of R e d Cros s Soci e ti es.

THOUGH all the go l d in the world Cinn ot r e store on e to life yet g o od health is th e ch e apest o f a ll w?rldly gOOdS. It is fre e for a ll, just hke fr esh aIr a nd sun shme, o nly one must go and seek it. W e alth is not nee ded t o gOO? h ealth, but some e n e rgy and a c e rt a in a m o unt of mt e llIge nce are requir e d.

Most children are b o rn WIth th e gi ft of good hea lth, the problem is merely to c o ns e r v e th a t pr ic e le ss p ro perty. In the highly develop e d mdustrIal centres of th: world first half o f man's lIfetime is spent fr e quently m wreckmg the n a tural foundation of his health, whil e the second half is occupied in fl antic e fforts to restor e the lost blessing; in backward regions a slow and continu e d waste of that gIft of nature begins from the time th e baby is weaned fr o m the moth e r and no attempt is ev t r made to arr est c r r estor e the wastage.

Good h ealth shin e s through the e yes of the chtld and glows in t he colour of its it is .h ea rd in its quick and intelligent reply and seen m Its rapId Go ? d health spells joy of life, makes a ustful CItIzen a nd curtaIls the irritability and e nvy which so oft e n prev e nt living neighbourly t og e ther. Good wIll remam with you until death comes If you give It only a chance' not to teach all childre n how to pr e se rve It and not to s'ee that they rem e mber and follow the teachings IS criminal neglect.

Why do many people die before th e y r each normal old age or even before th e y have had a chance to do man's work ? The genf'ral conception of De a th was formerly the gr u esome spectr who passes b e tw een and reaps his ghastly harvest at rand?m, kmg 0: b egg H, mfant, youth or o ld man alik e ThIS conceptIOn of hop eless fatalism c rushes the will to progr e ss and precludes any succe ssful resistance. But that pic t ure is wrong, becaus e D eath d oes not strik e capriciously and at random.

Mor t a lity stati s ti cs te ach us that death occurs from a

* Re pr inte d from 'lIt e Bulletin T he L eague of Red Cr oss Societies

certain numb e r o f causes which all depe nd on definite law s of frequ e ncy. Medical and sanitary science teaches us how t o e ntir e ly prev e nt a good many of these diseas es . Gr e at progr es s ha s been achieved during re cent year s in determinmg th e laws according to which the vario us causes of de a th occur through th e ages. The famo us English statistici a n Kad P e arson five ages of man, e ach ch a ract e rised by its peculiar mortality cond itions. The Danish-Am e rican statistician, Arne Fisher, has d e te rmined the ge n e ral fr e qu ency of death as composed of t e n curv es t ach, Includin g c a uses typical of oiffertnt periods of life. S uc h wor k is very imp ortant inasmuch as it teaches us of which d a ngers we must beware while p a ssing the bridg e of life. H t' re it suffices to mention a few o f the pitfalls which take the most victims.

The first fe w wee ks of life are particularly dangerou s and care is needed until th e tiny being is accustomed to live a life of its own The most important causes of d ea t h during the first three months of life are congtnital debIlity and malfo rmati o ns and the tfftcts o f prf'mature birth, for which dire ct cure is se ld o m p ossible. The toll of de a th du e to th es e causes amount to abou t four per cent. of a ll births even und e r favourable conditi o ns. Race b e tt e rm e nt and car e of the pre gnant wom a n ar e the only m eans to limit the mortality from such caus e s. As the baby appr o acb es th e period of weaning and . t ee thing new and gr e at d a n ge rs 100m up in the form of dlarrhrea, umonia a nd bronchitis, and to some lesser ext e nt tu berculosis, woooping cough, meningitis and convulsions, to various causes. Most of those dangers may be aVOIded through cl ea nliness, p rope r care and fe eding, go o d milk supply, e limination of HI e s, c tc. Wh e reas dUrIng the first months of life many chi ldren die becaus e they are not fit to live, on th e other hand the diseases prevalent at ages of one and two. y :- ars carry away a great many bab ' es which we re born t: mll1ently fit.

In New Z pal a nd only 48 infants under one year dI e out of e very thousand born, and e qually rat es h.ave been reached in sev e ra l localities of AustralIa, the UnIted Stat e s and Gre-at Britain The infant mortality in severa l Europe a n countries is 15 0 to 250 per th o usand, and th e p o ssibilities for savmg of lIfe are e VIdent. In England and Wales the infant mortality was ac tually re duced from 15 6 p t r thousand births durirg the period 1896-1906 to.9 I per tho u sand in 1916 ! n SWltzprl a nd the r e duction was fr om 18d m 1876-8 0 an d 14 3 In 18 96 19 ° 0

-FIRST

to 78 in 1916. Most authorities agree that the principa.l reasons for a high infant mortality are to be found in the ignorance of the mother as to proper care of the child, and in unsanitary habits and cllstoms of the people. Health education is then the only remedy.

As the child grows the effects of the already mentioned diseases become less felt while new, but now somewhat less dangerolls, enemies are perceived in the form of measles, diphtheria and scarlet fever. Very important saving of life in childhood has been effected during the last d eca des ; we may thus mention that the mortality of children from one to five years of age was reduced by about fifty per cent. in England during the forty years preceding the war.

At about eleven or tw elve years of age the lowest incidence of mortality is reached; the diseases of childhood have become less frequent while the diseases of adolescence are not as yet common. While the child changes to man o.r .woman the fir st dangers are typhoid fever and appendiCItlS, but already before the twenty years are r e ached a more terrible enemy, tuberculosis of the lungs, makes itself felt. Tu?erculosis s e lects its victims among men and women at theIr best age, the maximum incidence is reached for women at about twenty-five to thirty years, for men at about thirtyfive to forty years of age. The considerably higher mortality of men in the thirties and forties than of women at these ages is due in part to unsanitary conditions in the workshops which obtain in too many industries. Tuberculosis is a preventible disease, and much progress has been made a s to its control in most advanced countries.

In New York State the mortality from tuberculosis of the lungs was 100,000 population during the period 19 01 - 1 9 0 5, whIle In 1916 the rate was only 137; in Switzerland the death rate from pulmonary tuberculosis was 201 per 100,000 population .in 1900 and only J 32 in 1916. Th e decrease of tuberculosIs has been slowing down already before toe war, and the war years have brought a new increase almost everywhere; in several cities of Poland Austria, Serbia, etc., we meet with tubers ulosis death rates of over 500 per 100,000 inhabitants. New efforts must be made, based upon the most i't:cent knowledge of m ethods of control, so that we shall not lose the newly gamed advantages.

accidents constitute the second great danger of.adult life. Past experience has shown that deaths from thIS c.ause may be greatly r e duced by proper i'1spection of machmery constant advice of caution to the working men. The " .Safety First" slogan in America has saved thousands of hves and should be imitated elsewhere.

When man the three score years, and even before, the organic dIseases become an increasing menace.

The felt of the heart and Bright s Direct cure !S of slight avail in such preventIon should have been applied twenty or thIrty years before, because diseases frequently may be traced .back to erroneous hvmg They indicate that the heart or are getting old befor e their time. Also pneumont.a and cancer many deaths at that age , and no r ? ductlOn from the mortalIty .)f these disea!:es has been effected.

From th e age of sixty the mortality incr.; ases rapidly, the heart becomes. weaker, the arteries are clogged and apoplexy occurs WIth great freq uency, in short the portial sentllty tends. to become genenll. We do not know thoroughly the blOl?gyof senility, but we must limit ourselves at the present tIme to r e m.ar.k that it is postponed under favourable and healthy IIvlOg conditions while times of

AI 0..- November, 1920.

stress accelerate the process, the latter having been the case for instance in Vienna during recent years. We do not always. realise the possibilities for saving of lIfe through combmed public and personal efforts. Public Health work is only in its beginning, but it may interest pe?pie to see what has been accomplished in England dunng the last age before the war. The following table has been prepared by the English mathematician King, and shows the number of lives saved every year 10 England and Wales by the reduction of the death rate of 1910-12 in comparison with that of 1871-80. It should be said, however, that by no mean the entire decrease of mortality can be attributed to sanitary measures, but that also the general improvement of conditions as well as natural movements of certain dis eases have had a considerable influence. The data are given by sex and age, <l:nd the second column indicates the probable future lIfetIme, calculated according to the life tables, of the aggre.gate number of persons saved. .

November, 19 20 -FIltST

the Divisions, and thus a ch eck is kept of those entitled to wear thp.m.

I have issued these badges to the members of my Division, whic h are, with US, Divisional property and returnable should the member resign or be non -efficient.

These are my views on what I term the S.J.A.B. Badge of recognition or Mufti Badge, and I should like to hear the vie\\-s of my Brothers and Sisters of the Order. - Yours, et c., A. W. J.

A

MEDAL FOR HOME SERVI CE.

SIR,-I have read your Editorial in the October issue h ead ed" A Medal fnr Home Service," and as an oIl Brigade O ffice r, and a member of the M.H .H. R. who served with the R. A.M .C. at home. I beg to state my views on this matter.

AID - 77

The sugg e stion of wntmg to Member of Parl iament, is qll1te a good one, and perhaps the Government after settling the serious affairs of Stat e, will give the question of Home recognitIOn, theIr gracious consid erati on in the ,near future.Yours, etc., -

LIONEL H. A. N. BRONDBRIDGF..

------.--.-----and J\nswet's to eot'respondents.

2ueries will be dealt wtth under tke following rutes ;-

fettet's to the &ditot'.

We are in no ma,. respo"s.vt'e /01" flU opinions expressed, 0' the statements made, by CorresfJc>ndents.-EDITOR, ETC.

BRIGADE BUTTON HOLE BADGE.

SIR,--I now like to take the opp:lrtunityof bringIng to·the notice of members of the S.J.A.B. the existence of the Mufti Badge, which, so far I can, see does not appear to be known. I do not Wish to claim to be the originaof thiS Badge,.although I believe I was the first to suggest It many years I fi.nd on my return from the Army the ASSOCIatIOn IS listing a very neat little Badge for members which no one could take exceptions to wearmg. I .should like to state my views as to why I should like to see It worn by all Brigade members.

The badge worn in mufti was the plain AssociatIOn Badge, and as IS weI} known by most Brigade members, any could wear It who had passed an Association ExammatlOn, the examination was last year or 25 years ago. The Bngade Badge therefore would indicate that the was a fully-qualified First Aider of the S.J.A.B., pa.ssmg the Annually besides other necessary dnlls and duties III order to keep himself efficient.

I consider that this is what the Brigade has wanted for years. This Badge when worn would enable members to recognise othe! throughout the country. I t would be the of aI?-d thus the formation of the Brigade mto <?ne fnendl? soc.lety. If I am out and see a Brigade man III uDiform I invarIably stop and speak to him it seems natural to do so, then the adopt.ion t.he Mufti Badge so that I could If he was III CIVIlian clothing.

The Badge I belreve IS controlled and only issued through

The value of a decoration lies in the knowledge that the r ecipi ent has honestly earned it by strenuous duty, a nd that it was freely bestowed by a grateful donor; and sur ely a decoration obtained under other conditions is not worth the having. I place a low estimate of value on a decorati on handed out-promiscuously to all Home Service men irres pectiv e of merit, some were serving willingly, some unwillingly, b ut we were all serving under conditions which cou ld scarcely be descri bed as very arduous, we had re gu lar periodic .leave of ab sence, and we were better fed than the families we left at home. It strikes me as presumptuous to put ourselves on the sa me p'ane of merit as the men who served in the actual th eatres of war, under conditions of great discomfort and of fre qu ent deadly peril. In fact in lookIng back at the matter no w, when things are settling into their proper perspective, one sees that most of us serving at home, had" cushy" jobs. Then again, what satisfaction is to be gained from the wearing of a medal, which has only been obtained, by reason of much importunity, from a Government, evidently against It s judgment.Goodness knows the Brigade has very generous notions as to the value of decorations. as witness the resplendent display on th e breasts of many Brigade Officers who have served long en ough in peace, under conditions which at no time could with fai rness be described as dangerous or requiring much courage or much knowledge; but I do not think that all of us will feel exactly proud to wear a medal which has required so mJlch b egging for.

If I may be permitted to make a suggestion I would say th at the most satisfying way of perpetuating the serv ice of the M. H. H. R. rendered in the late war, would be in the first place to gi ve it a distinctive title which shall remain for all time as a re mind er of the fact, and I suggest that the title be "Royal Army Hospital Reserve. "

And secondly, I would suggest that the organisation of th e Reserve should benefit by our experience, and should be pu t on a thoroughly pra c tical basis and more in accordan ce wi th the requirements of active service, than was the case when we mobilised in August, 1914, and also to secure for the R e3erv e an adequate and efficient scheme of training in place of the beggarly and useless apology for training which the \V ar Office thought to be good enou g h for us in the days before the war.

If something on these lines was accomplished, there would b e a permanent memorial in which the whole Brigade would p artici pate. - I remain, yours faithfully,

L. WHITTAKER

HOME SERVICE MED AL.

DEAR SIR,-I think that Ex-Home Service V. A.D. numb ers should feel grateful to Sir James Clark and also to your fou ma!. For continuously bringing forward the question of r ecog nition for Home Service. I have to hand a copy of FIRST AID for May (1919) from which I quote a pa:agraph from same.

Mr. Churchill says "That the services rendered by me mbers of the Voluntary Aid Detachments have not been o verlo oked in consideration of the grant of medals for war services."

The Right Honourable gentleman's statement apparently show s no distinction between Home or Oversea serVice, and lead s one naturally to assume that Home service members wo uld be_included.

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner 0/ the envelope and addressed-F IRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2.-A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Quer, Coupon" cut fr 011l the current issue 0/ the lournal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

? - The Textbook, to wkid reference may be made in these columns, is the Revised (I9I9) EdttlOn of S.f.A.A. Manual of Fbst-Aid.

FRACTURI{S SKuLL, FEMUR AND CL AVICLE.

'IN. B. ( Victoria ).-In treatment of a man who is unconscious as the result of Fractured Base of Skull and is also suffering from simple Fractures of Femur and Clavicle (both injuries on same side ), should we be correct in treating the last named fracture in the usual way according to Textbook?

I see no reason the broken collarbone should not be treated in the usual way, provided that, in view of the Fractured Base, you avoid any unnecessary raising of patient. At the same time I hold that with such a combination of fractures the collarbone is by compa;ison a simple injury, and that the pressing need of the emergency is to get patient, without undue delay, to medical aid, e.g hospital. For this reason and also to save time I favour omitting usual treatment of broken collarbone which c ould be controlled either by tying extended upper limb to outside splint used for fractured femur or by placing forearm in St. John sling.-N. CORBll.T FLETCHER

PETROL AND WOUNDS.

J. C. (T ufnell Park ).- I am told that men in motor-works, when they cut their hands, immediately wash the wound with petrol that all bleeding ceases immediately; and that, although they resume work at once and 1vi lhout an)' dressing no septic infectio n of wound Please give your opmion on this matter.

Petrol is certainly antiseptic and some surgeons use it for skin preparation before operations. It is also credited with some hremostatic properties and applied on lint, as utelted vaseline, does check oozing blood. At the same time it is an irritant, as men in France found when they used it to kill lice in their trousers' s eams. So perhaps it is as well that, under these circumstances, a dressing is omitted, though some risk of infection subsequent to injury is thereuy incurred -N.C.F. USES OF LAY EXAi\llNERS.

A. B. (Bi rmingham ) complains that in a recent competition a layman presumed to e xamin e him in First-Aid, and asks if there is anything to justify this.. sugges.t such interference is contrary to the Pnnclples of FIrst AId and to lhe teaching of the Textbook (Rule 12, p. 26). since no unqualified man ran be regarded tItan a?1 ambulance student

I agree entirely with you, and ?etween ourselves lay examiners uSllally make a mess of the Job unless they are cute enough to have their marking sheets overhauled by a!1 So, far from" justifying," I can only a practice whIch is not only, as yOll say, a breach of First but also resented bitterly by competitors, although pOSSibly m the early days of the movement, when doctors were indin.ed to be hostile, there might have been some need for la y exammers -N. C. F.

November, 19 20

Slractical Sloints.

The Edito r i nv ite s Note s on actual Cases-with spec ial r r:/e? ' e1ZCe to good and bad ()oints in in clusion in this Column.

FI RS T AID w jTH EFFICIRNCY.

While fishing one day in a river I heard a shout, and.looking up was surprised to see a young women struggl ng In the water. As I was unable to swim, I did not know what to do until a happy thought struck me. So, throwing my line across the river, I was lucky enough to the hook In the woman' s clothing, and by careful handling succeeded In drawing her to thp. bank within reach at my hands. I pulled her out unconscious, and, as breathing had ceased, I commenced artificial respiration on the spot and within a few. minutes succeeded in restoring cons c IOusness. -B. A., Cambndge

A CURIOUS ACCI DENT.

Truth is stranger than fiction, as the followine- story proves. Not long ago a washed her baby, was walking about the room with hIm III her arms, when she famted and fell into the bath, with the baby under her. Fortunately the noise of the fall awakened the father, who was sleeping in the next room, and who, getting up to discover the cause of the dead s ilence which followed the fall , immediately realised what had happened Dragging his w ife from the bath, he laid her flat on the floor, and then snatched h is child out of the water. Both patients recovered qui c kly a nd without any serious c01:sequences.-J. L. C., Tufnell Park.

THE" C URE" OF INFANTILE CONVU SlON S

That a First-Aider should be "explicit " is agreed and exemplified by a recent occurrence. A young mo t her, who sought advice after her infant had recovered from a , mild fit, was advised to place her child in 2. warm bath if he should develop another attack. A few weeks later the baby d id have another fit, and the mother having no warm water available, placed him in a bath of cold water, which she put on the fire in order to raise to the necessary temperature! ! Fortunately her commonsense came to her help, and after a few minutes she removed the c hild who was found to be from slight burns of body and limbs, caused not by hut water but by heating of the bottom of the bath as it stood on the fire. The child made a good recovery and this ti me the mother received more detailed instructions as to the correct treatment of Infantile Convulsions.- W. S Catford.

TO CYCLISTS AND MOTOR CYCLISTS.

HO'" TO ACT IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS.

F I RST Aid training by joining the Cyclist Division-Prince of Wales Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade- which is now re-organising after war service. New Members are invited.

P Hticulars from Divisional Secretary, B C. FIN CHA:'I, Spa Works, Northampton-row, E.C.I, or at the Drill Hall under St. J arr es' Church, Clerk en well Green, E.c. I, any Wednesday even ing from 7.30 to 8. 30

POSTAL INSTRUCTION in "PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up lle above Courses at once.

A member OJ S.J .A. B. writes ;-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such cour£es but could never find where to get such." (T. B.) ,

Special terms noW-half fees-to of S.J.A.B., &c. (stamp) to MR. J; E. WALDE N Sec., Westmmster College (Lady Dispensers Se tlOn of the College of Chemistry and Ph a rmacy, estd. 1874), 12, St. George s Road. Southwark, London.

A GREAT FIRST AID TO AID.

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician,"- by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, , The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of H e alth laws and a teacher of Hygien e , is a guarantee of this. This work lS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of se nse, skin, kidn e ys and the body's microscopic structure are duly describe d In this connection the illustrati o ns are of particular value, the "mannIkins" or dummi e s more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of H t alth, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially d e voted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here b e en assisted by a number of eminent wom e n physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with.

ONE OF MANY OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes;"Its all ·round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. Th e section dealing with ambulance work is especially good. The Look is written in splehdid style and the illustra tions are first rate. The method of payment places it wi thin the reach of all. "

A FREE BOOKLET.

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TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING

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PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C M.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.II.(Lc nd. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Ilind Medalist, Barrister-at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

A I D.- November, 1920.

MAN U ALS OF FIRST·-AID, &0.,

By N. CORBET PLETCHER, M.B" B.C" B.A.(Cantab), M.R,C.S,

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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WHY AND WHEREFOR':: IN FIRST-AID.

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AN INDEX OF !FIRST-AID.

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THE WHOLE ART (JF BANDAIIINII.

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F.I T - AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE:

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

.: NO.3 18 .-VOL. XXVII DECEMBER, 1920. [E1tt,,,,d at SttuttJ", ,' Hall.)

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 01 each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work n all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (n ot necessarily For publication) by the name and address of the Cerrespondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID sbould be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

Tel'graphic Address: "Twentv-four, London."

Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

features which they may be running in their Centres or Divisions.

Some very sound advice appeared in a recent issue of the Boys' Brig ade Gazette on the question of advertising, under which heading we have dealt with this subject, for any form of publicity, whether editorial or otherwise, might come under the heading of advertising. In this article the author asks "Why should not a good thing be recom_ mended to those who need it, and why should not its merits be published and explained? All the more if it be something of public interest and for the common weal, it would be wrong not to let it be known and not to press its value on those whom it will help."

By the same token he points out that "a certain amount of advertising on the part of Boys' Brigade Officers is not only permissible and advisable, but it is a sacred duty. If recruiting has been slow and if you catch a symptom of discouragement among your officers, try a tonic-a little judicious advertising.

"Why not advertis e your Company's events a little more in the local paper? Get the good side of the Editor -he can help you a great deal. When an adv ertisement goes in, he will welcome a little e xplanatory 'puff.' Carefully and t e mperately worde d, the puff will oft e n do more than the advertisement itself.

S J A B

Officers Regulation Great Coats. Dark • .• • • Grey cloth, to n-easure, £3 IC)S. 6d QuotatIOns for o.lher eqUIpment on applIcation. \\1 r ite fo r patterns and partIculars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

FOR SALE, a quantity of Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all quite J6s. pd. a pair.-Thornton and Co., 24, CommercIal-street, Bnghouse.

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

TfJ be cut (Jut and enclosed with all Queries Nov., 1920.

THE Director of the Am bulance DeOn partment issued a circular this month Advertising. in which he {:oints out that it might help Secretaries, in the difficult task be fore them, of instilling new enthusiasm in their somewhat war-weary workers, if a system were established by which Centre Secretaries of the St. John Ambulance A ssociation could be informed of what was being done d sewhere. He will, therefore, welcome reports from C entre Secretaries, giving an account of any new work they m ay have initiated and found to be successful.

We cannot see why it is necessary to establish a system b y which Centre Secretaries can be informed what others a re doing, when this J oumal exists for the purpose of comm unication between the different branches of Am bulance Service. It has been frequently proved to us where Corps a nd Divisions have struck out on an original idea, which h as been found a success, this has been recorded in the pages of FIRST AID, with the result that it has been e mulatpd by other Divisions, thus making for a general i mprovement. It is for this reason we gladly welcome such reports, and we hope Secretaries of both Centres and Divisions will not fail to send us full particulars of any new

"Apart from actual advertising, th e Captain should never let a Company occasion pass unr e ported in the local sheets. I hav e used the word' temperately': for the thing can be overdone. One of the young officers is constituted Press Secretary, to write up the Company every week. He makes a great deal of little nothings, piles on the superlatives, perpetrates the most palpable €x'lgge rations, 'brings forth butter in a lordly dish - it's easily done! His own members are ashamed, and the outsid er laughs, and it does more harm than good."

These suggestions so apply to the St. John Ambulance Brigade that we have quoted them, hoping that this advice will help Divisions in their work. Let the public know what you are doing and what you are out to do, and let your fellow members in other parts of the country know of your work through FIRST AID.

Grand of the Order of the ){ospital of St. john of jerusalem in !;nglugd. ,\:\IBULANCE DEP,\RTl\lENT. St. john Jtmbulance Srigade.

No. I Distric t DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMl\lISSIONER : W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAU L'S CATHEDRAL. January, 192 I.

Sunday, 2nd.-No. 20 Division, Hampstead.

9 th -No. 22 " Hospital Saturday Fund.

" r6th,-No. 23 " Norwood.

23 rcl .- No 25 Tottenham and Hampstead Junction. "

" 3oth.-No. 29 Walth am stow.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

UNVEILING OF CENOTAPH.

The following is copy of a letter received from the Chief Commissioner :-

"The Commissioner, "No. I District, 7th Dec., 1920 ,

"At a meeting of the Brigade Committee held on the 1St inst., it was unanimously resolved that an expression of appreciation and thanks be conveyed to the of I District, for their forethought and courtesy m purchasmg and placing a wreath on the Cenotaph on behalf of the Brigade," No, DISTRICT COMPETITIONS.

On Saturday, Nov. 27th, the final competitions for the Nursing Bowl, "Sleath Gent" Cup, and "Osborn" Shield, were held at the Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell. The following acted as judges :--Assistant-Co mmiss io ners Dr. J. M. Carvell and Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, and Div isional Surgeons Dr. Wmlfred Patch, Dr. McInty re, Dr. Chapman, and Dr, Connon Robertson.

By the kindness of Miss Tuck, Lady Supt. of t he Northampton Institute, tea was served to the Officers attending the Com pet tions.

At the conclusion of the contests the Commissioner, Mr. W. H. Winny, handed over the Trophies to the successful competitors, and announced that a formal presentation would take place at a later date. The gathering was addressed by the Examiners, Assistant Commissi oners Dr. J. M. Carvell and Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, and Miss Winifred Patch (Divisional Surgeon), Mr. Morga n, Commissioner to Brigade Overseas, move a vote of thanks to Miss Tuck. The followmg are the results ;-

EFFICIENCY CUP COMPETITION.

It was found necessary to postpone this Competition, but it will be held at the end of February next for the year 19 20 , Divisions wishing to enter a team are requested to at once notify the Commissioner.

RE ANNUAL REPORT FORM B.F. sa & 5n

In order to enable us to compile our District Report at an early date, officers and members in charge are requested to submit form B.F. sa or 5n as soon a fter January 1st as possible.

MATERNITY NURSING LECTURES.

A course of twelve lectures, open to members of Nursing Divisions and other ladies, will be given by Dr. C. St. Aubyn Farrer, at the Wesleyan Schools, St. John 's-sq uare, Clerkenwell, c ommenc ing February loth at 7 p.m. Fees for the course five shillings. Application to be made early to Mrs. J. Calvin Lines, 93, West End·lane, Hampstead, N,W.

THE LADy DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT.

Owing to serious illness, Lady Malld Wilbraham is at present unable to carry out the duties of Lady District Supt In the meantime Mrs. J. Calvin Lines is performing the dut ies (Si gned ) W. H WINNY, Commissioner.

HAMPSTEAD (No. 20) DI VISION.-O n Tuesday, November 30th, a special parade of the Division was held to congratulate the members of the representative team (P rivates Tull, Simmonds, 'vV. Edwards and F. Edwards ) on winning the Osborn Shield in the recent District Competition. This is practicall y the same team which in the Brigade Competition last May under the command of Ambulance Officer Millburn, carried off the Symons Eccles Cup and restored it to No. I Distric t after an absen c e of fifteen years.

ROYAL KENSIN;:;TON ( No. 70) DIVISION. - Another popular social and dance in connection with this division wa s arranged by the concert secretary, Pte. J. Owens, on N ovember 26th. A very pleasant evening was spent. During th e interval for refreshments, which was served by the member s under Sergts. Wickens and Millard, Supt. R. W. Stone tendered a hearty welcome to Sergt. Wakefield, who has returne d from active service since the re-union outing at Cranford. H e spoke of the honour to himself and the division by the meri · torious service he had performed.

The fancy dress dance and social is postponed to January , 1921, when the handsome prizes given to the division will b e presented.

Dece mber, -FIRST

Pc:>ST OFFICE CORPS.- The annual competition for the "London Postal Challenge Shield II and the "Women's Trophy ""to ok pla ce at the LeY:'sian Mission Hall, City-road, on Wednesday, 17 th the presence of about 350 support ers and friends, w.hlch meluded Sir Henry Bunbury, K.C, B., and ASSistant General; H. Joy, Esq., O.B.E. (Centra l Savmgs Bank DeI?t.),. of the corps, H. Morris, Esq., Pos tma s ter N.W. Dlstnct, vice-President, and several Hon. Surgeons.

The Dist,rict team was in winn)ng the Challenge Shield with a total of 495 pomts, their nearest rivals being the Inland Section, A team, with points.

The Women's Trophy was secured by the G.P,O South (Telephon es ) team, with 391 points, the Central Telegraph Office, G,P.O. second with,3641 points.

The N. W. Dlstnct team also proVided the winner of the Corps (Individual) Trophy in Mr. A. F. Hall, with points who won by the narrow margin of t point from Mr. W. H: Broom, Inland Section, A te am, and Mr. E. C. Humphrey N.W. District, both of whom secured 69 points.

Much credit is due to the Judge-H. H. Bashford, ,Esq., M.D. ( Lond.), B,S" etc.; K. F. Lund, Esq., M.B. ( Lond.), etc., and MISS M. L. C. Cnedgso n, M.B. ( Lond. ), for the selection of the scene and cases for treatment, and to the Joint Hon Secretaries, M.iss F. M Rogers and Mr. G. E. Easley, for their preparation of the scene, a nd general conduct of the competi tions.

The abl e assistance of the G eneral Hon. Secretary and willing Stewards, secured a very satisfactory exposition of the great ad vantage of first aid knowledge.

No. 3 Di.strict.

Saturday, November 13th, the Chief CommiSSIOner, Colonel Sir James Clark, Bt., C.B., C.M.G., F.R.C.S. E., and Lady Perrott, R.R.C., inspected the Nursing Corps m the drill hall of the 5th and 6th Battalions Royal WarWickshir e Regiment, kindly lent by the C.O.'s for the purpose The nursing officers and nursing sisters on parade numbered 276, representing 13 divisions.

Lady Perrott inspected the members in both out-door and in-door uniform

After the inspection Colonel Sir J ames Clark and Lady Perrott addressed the Corps, and tea was then served for the inspecting officers, staff and nursing officers and the visitors in the officers' mess, and for the nursing sisters in the hall.

Prior to the inspectIOn Colonel Sir James Clark and Lady Perrott were entertained at lunch at the Queen's Hotel by the kindness of SIr John Holder. Among those present were the Mayoress (Mrs W. A. Cadbury), Lady Bowater, O.B.E., Dlstnct Secretary Mrs. Porter, M.B.E., Colonel Osborne, Dr. Lloyd Owen, and the Staff and Officers of the Ambulance Corps and N lusing Corps.

Apologies were received from the County Director ( Mr. E M. Tailby) and Mrs. Tailby, from the district Superintendent :\lrs Harvey Ree\'es, A.R.R.C., and Mr. Harvey Reeves, D.B.E., ASSIstant County Director for Northamtonshire.

Nursi ng Divisions from Brierley Hill, Dudley, Malvern, Lye and Tipton were represented at the Parade.

A meeting of the committee appointed to arrange for a permanen t memorial to the late Dr. Nelson, who was the Red County Director for Birmingham, and Assistant CommiSSioner 0 f NO.3 District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and wh o rendered useful s ervice in those capacities for many years, particularly in the early years of the war, was held on Novem ber 24th, at the Council House.

In the absence of Sir John Holder, Mr. J. H. Rogers preSided. Dr. Nelson died in 191 8 , and the form of the memorial deCIded upon was the acquisition of premises near the Council House Estension in Great Charles-street as permanent headquarters of the St. John Ambulance Association, the St. John Ambula nce Bngarle, and the Voluntary Aid Detachments. A sum of £5,086 has been subscribed to the fund, and this, it is estimated will be suffi ci ent for the purchase and equipment of the building.

Al n.

A resolut ion passed to acquire the premises, and were appomted on behalf of the subscribers to the memonal to ca,rrY:' out the purchase and arrange for the equipment of the bUlldmg. Posession will be obtained at Lady Day next. One of the rooms will be furnished at a cost of £ by Mr. Robert Nelson, brother of Dr. Nelson, and when,) com!t will a replica of the doctor's consultmg room at hiS reSIdence In Hagley-road.

, -The second annual V,A.D, CompetitIons were hel d at the Town Hall, Northampton, on November 27 th.

They were open to women's detachments, and St. Tohn Ambulance Bngad e Nursing Divisions in the town and co unty, and were most interesting.

Comp.etiti?ns were .held in ·bedmaking, changing sheets With p ati ent 111 bed, trIangular bandaging, roller bandaging, poultice reading, and chart marking, !he competItors dld their work quickly and coolly, and the Judges had a difficult task indeed.

The smoothness with which the cornpetititions were carried out, was a tribute to the supervision of Lady District Superintendent, and i\ssistant Countr Director Mrs. Harvey Reeves, A.R.R.C., ASSistant County DIrector the Hon. :Mrs. Fitz Roy. C.B.E., and Lady. Corps Superintendent Mawby, J-l.B.E.

Valuabl e assistance was rendered by a contingent of the N orth ampton Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, under SuperIntendent Edwards, and Ambulance Officer Ricks. judg es w ere Mrs. A. C. Fidler (late pnnClpal Matron TerrItOrial Force 1St Western DiVision and late Matron of Davis Northern Hospital), and Musson (Lady Corps Superintendent, Leicester ). Changing sheets, Miss A. Smith (Ma tron Northampton General Hospital). Triangular bandaging, Lounty Director T. H, Woollston, C .B .E., D.L., J.P., and Dr. E. H. Shaw, M,B., D,S., Durham, D.P.R., Cambridge (N orthampton General Hospital), Roller bandaging, Dr. C. C. Holman, M,B, F.R.C.S. (ASSistant Surgeon Northampton General Hospital), and E. D. Wlll is, M.B.B S. (House Surgeon Northampton General Hosp ital ).

Thermometer reading and Chart marking, Miss A. Stride (S uperintendent of trained nurses, Korthampton), and Mr. H. Lievesley. Poultice making, Miss Stewart, R.R.C. (Matron Berry \Vood Mental Hospital)

Drill, Major C. E. Roberts (0. C. Depot, Northampton), and L ieut. R. H. G. Batten (Northants Regiment).

The "Lord Downe" Challenge Cup awarded to the detachment obtaining the highest number of marks for all competitIOns, excepting drill, was won by Northampton NO·4 (He adquarters ), with 129i marks, the runners up being Nocthampton No. 14 (Castilian), 124 marks, and Daventry, No, 18, IIoi marks.

The" Lord Horne" Challenge Cup presented to the team obtaining the highest number of marks for drill only, was won by Northampton No. 14. The runners up were \\'ellingborou g h No. 38 (Victoria), 97 marks, and Northampton 24 (S pencer), 96 marks.

Other results appended :-

Bedmaking-I, Northampton NO.4; 2, Northampton NO·4· Changing sheets- I, Northampton No. 24; 2, Daventry No. 18.

Trian g ular banda ging-I, Northampton No. 14; 2, Northampton NO.4.

Roller bandaging-I, Northampton No. 14; 2, Northampton NO.4.

Poultice making·-I, Northampton NO 4; 2, Kettering No 2 (Headquarters).

Thermometer reading and Chart marking-I, Daventry No. 18 (after a draw with Welhngborough No.6); 2, Kettering No.2 (after a draw with Thornby No. 28),

The prizes were presented by Downe (Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem ), Lady District Superintendent, Mrs. Harvey Reeves (The l\layoress), proposed a vote of thanks to the judges and all the helpers.

County Director, T. H. Woolston, C.B.E., D.L., J.P.,

December, 1920 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. -

-FIRST

replied on behalf of the judges, and 'sa id the work had been exceedingly well done. Sir Henry moved hearty thanks to Lady Downe and Lady Horne.

NO.4 District.

BOOTLE.- The second wbist drive and dance in connection with the Bootie Nursing Division was held on November 27th, in the Technical School, and was a great success. The Mayor and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. J. H. Johnston presided, the Mayoress gracefully presenting the prizes on the conclusion of whist.

I n 'the interval the Mayor spoke of the pleasure it gave the Mayoress and himselfin attending and supporting the Bootie Nursing Division, and urged all present to give the ir support to enable the members of the Division to carryon their good work.

Lady Supt. Mrs. McNaught, in a witty speech, proposed a vote 01 thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress, and also to Mr. Little, who was an indefatigable M.C., and had been a great factor in the success of the evening

Hon. Secretary H. Cannce ably seconded the vote of thanks.

Many surprise gifts were distributed during the evening.

The donors of prizes were Alderman J. W. E. Smith, Councillor Tom Ellis, Mr. Healing, and Mrs. Wigdall.

Dancing was indulged in to the strains of Madame Roberts' Orchestra, and a very happy evening closed with the singing of tht>national anthem.

The catering and decorations were done by Mr and Mrs. Carey, and the whole arrangements were in the hands of Lady Supt. Mrs. 'Mc Naught, Hon. Secretary Mrs. H. Caunce, Hon Treasurer Miss S. A. Morrison, and Supt. of Stores Mrs. D. Little.

r t is hoped to hold the next function in the Town Hall early in February ne x t.

No.

5 District.

BULWELL.-By kind invitation of the Rev. A. E. Dawkins, M.A., and the churchwardens, Messrs. S. Foster and John Radford, and Churcq and Choir Secretary Mr. J. Crane, Bulwell Ambulance and Nursing Division, in charge of Supt. L. Sullivan and Lady Div. Supt. Miss C. Wellington, attended a Divine Musical Service at St. John s Church on Sunday, December 5th.

The Rev. A. E. Dawkins welcomed the Division in a most charming manner. The choir was under the capable leadership of Mr. J. Thomas \\loodward, and the organ solos by Mr. \V. Jones were intellectual treats. The vocalists, ranging from soprano to bass, consisting of Miss B Crawford, Miss 1. Taylor, Mr. H. Moakes, and Mr. J. Thompson, exceeded expectations.

The Divisi ')n appreciated and enjoyed the service, but regretted its too soon ending.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

A course of four classes for officers of nursing divisions was held at Brigade headquarters during November by District Officer Miss Overend, Hon. Serving Sister.

The subjects were as follows :-

I. History of the Order in the Holyland, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta.

2. The establishment of the Order in England and its dissolution and revival.

3. The formation of the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade.

4. The Duties and Responsibilities of Officers.

At the of each class Sergt. Gully, St. J ame5 s Gate Ambulance gave instruction in drill, the giving of commands, etc., which proved of the greatest help.

The classes were attended and much appreciated hy a large number of from the Divisions in the City and County of Dublm, and there IS a strongly expressed wish by officers who were unfortunately unable to attend that Miss Overend be persuaded to give another course of these lectures after Christmas.

AID. - December, 1920.

Last month a few members of the St. John Ambulance Association Executive (Irish Centre) and the District Staff of the St. Tohn Ambulance Brigade, No. 12 (Irish) District met under very pleasing circumstances, being the occasion of a joint presentation to one of their most valued workers, Dr. Walter C. Stevenson on the occasion of his recent marriage. There are very few St. John workers who have done mo re for the advancement of the ambulance cause than Dr. Stevenson, his whole-hearted devotion and untiring energy, especially, during the first years of the war, placed the District second to none with regard to the number of war workers and recruit s. r t would be difficult to estimate the amount of voluntary se rvice rendered so un grudgingly by Dr. Stephenson, durin g those first strenuous months, when men like him, built up t he the wonderful organisation of voluntary service, which Will ever remain one of those bright monuments to prosperit y, which shone out and ennobled our national life, during one of the darkest hours of our Empire's history.

Dr. Stephenson saw considerable service towards the close of the war on the Western Front, and his many frien ds and colleagues are delighted that he is again with them, and is just as devoted to the advancement of the interests of St. John. I t was with much they observed some time ago that the Order ofSt. Tohn honoured him with a Knightho od of Grace of the Order.

Sir John Lumsden, K.B.E., IVI.D., D.L., Commissione r, in making the presentation, spoke in the warmest manner of the very great services rendered to the Order by Dr. Stephe nson, whom he described as the most modest of men, and he wished on behalf of the Association and the Brigade, bo th Dr. and Mrs. Stevenson a long and happy life. Dr. Stevens on having suitably responded, the company were entertained to tea by the Presentation Committee.

Amongst the matters discussed at the annual ':onferen ce of the Irish District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade whi ch was held at the District's Headquarters, 40 , Merrion-square, last month, was the establishment of First Aid Stations throughout the country duriflg the coming year

Contemporary with the setting up of such stations will be the formation of one in a central position in Dublin, and It was decided to approach the Dublin Corporation with referen ce to the establishment of the station in the city.

It was announced at the Conference that the ambulan ce of St. John Brigade in the city is at the disposal of the pub lic for removing necessitous cases to hospital, at a very sm all charge This charge is merely to cover the working expenses.

The other business transacted was in connection With t he general working of the Brigade.

Commissioner Sir John Lumsden, K.C.B., presided at t he Conference, and the attendance included :-Miss E. Blan dford, Mr. A. J. O'Connor (Sec.), lVlrs. Shanks, Miss Mur iel Poe, M. B.E.; Miss MoubraYl Miss Elsie Boyle, Mi ss Schroeder, Miss Aileen O'Kelly, Miss Rachael Mahaffy, Mi ss A. Wahefield, Miss C. Bird, Mrs. Wesley, Miss Crofton, M rs. McVittie, R. J. Horne, James H. Webb, A. M. Fullerto n, O.B.E. ; A. J. McWilliam, M. Brien, W. M. Paget Hadfiel d, W. B. Stuart, J. L. Keogh, Mrs. J. A. Jackson, Mrs. Woo dward, Mrs. Lloyd Blood, Mrs. Thompson, Miss Blood Smyth, Miss Evelyn Moore, Mrs. Bewley, Mrs. Hewat, Mrs. Smalley, Mrs. Forde, Mrs. Wilkinson, Miss Nugent, Mrs. Mander s, Mrs. G. St. G. Orpen, Miss G. M. Barrington, Mrs. Browne, Miss A. Barry, Miss Meyler, Mrs. Dease, O.B.E.; R. H. Keatinge, Mrs. Keatinge, Mrs. Robinson, Miss Overend, Mi ss Cox, Dr. Ella Webb, M.B.E. ; Mrs. Ramadge.

We have received a copy of the report of the Sout hampton Centre for the year ending September 30th, 192 0, and it is much regretted that only 17 candidates pass ed the examination during the year. This is the poor est result since the Centre has been established.

When corresponding with Advertisers plea6e mantiOft I. FUat Aid ,J

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

NOVEMBER, 19 20

The following appointment has been sanctioned by the Earl of Plymouth, Sub-Prior-acting for H.R. H. the Grand

Prior :-

Col. Sir William Gentle to be Assistant Commissioner for the County of Sussex, 19.11.20, vice Commissioner Willo ughby Bullock transferred to the Dlstnct Staff.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the followiDg appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 45 (Paddington) Nursing Sister

Mrs. Carolme Gitsham to be Lady DIVISional Supt., NO.9 (Royal Borough of Kensington) Nursmg -Nu rsing Officer Miss Marie J. McConnell to be Lady DIVIsional Supt., 1.9. 20

No. 53 (Watford) Division.-Sergt. William George Stanley to be Ambulance Officer, 12.11.20.

No. 5 (N orwood ) Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer

Mrs. Margaret Douglas, A.R.RC., to be Lady Divisional Supt. , 25. 11.20.

No. 46 (Ilford) Division.-Divisional Surgeon E. K. Houc hin transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 16.11.20.

No. 40 (Stratford) Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister

Beatrice C. Weddell to be Nursing Officer, 18. I I. 20.

NO. 2 DISTRICT.

Weston-Super-Mare Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Arthur Jam es Cary, L. & L., M.R.C.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 15. 10 20

Weston-Super-Mare Corps PIVlsion).-Ambulance Officer Samuel John Bailey to be DIVISional Supt., 19· 10.20. S

Banbury Division.-Joseph Rickards, M.B., Ch.B., B. c., to be Divisional Surgeon and Supt., 7. 11.20.

Oxford Corps (Oxford City Nursing Division).-Isabelle

M. Littl e, M.B., Ch.B., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 2 1I.20.

Windsor and Eton Division.-Ambulance Officer William John Short to be Supt., 7. 12 20

Bucki ngham DlVlsJOn.-Ambulance Officer Ernest Alfred Bish op to be Divisional Supt., 7. 12 20

Aylesbury Division.-Pte. Fredenck Charles Newell to be Am bulance Officer, 21. I. 20.

Slough Supt. J. H. Batt transferred to the Reading (G .W.R. ) DIVISIOn. NO. 3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Metropolitan D ivision),-Sergt. John Wi lliam Downes to be Ambulance 26. 1:2.0'

Birmingham Corps (West Smethwlck lance Officer Joseph Charles Cripps to be DIVISional Supt., 3. 12 20 D"

Birmingham Nursing. Corps (Carrs Nursmg sion) .-Nursing Sister MISS Florence Baylis to be Nursmg Offic er, 3-9. 20 Ed Dudley and District Corps.-DlvlslOnal Surgeon wm Art hur Dando, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 13. 1 1.20. .' D' ) North East Warwlckshne Corps (Nuneat on IVlslon .F. L. Tulloch, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 10·11.20

Tamworth Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer Mrs. W. M. Ward transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 5. 12 .:20. No. 4 DISTRICT.

Oldbam Corps (Failsworth Division).-Divisional Surgeon G. Ellis removed from the Roll of the Brigade, having left the district, 1. I 2.20. .,

Stalybridge and Dukmfield DlvlslOn -Ernest James Coombe, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., to be Divis onal Surgeon, 27. 11 20

Wigan Division.-Joseph Carroll, M.B., C.M ., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 19· 11.20.

Liverpool Corps (B ootie NursmgVincent McCormack, M R.C.S., L.RC.P., to be DIVIsIOnal Surgeon, 19. 11. 20. ., Crawshawbooth DlvislOn.-Corpl. George William Nuttall to be Divisional Supt., 16.10.20.

Dalton-in-Furness Division.-1st Class Sergt. William Wilcock Askew to be Divisional Supt., 27· I 1.20.

Kendal Division.-Charles Cunliffe Goodall, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, .27.11.20.

Accrington Corps -The.followlOg 1st Sergts. have been placed on the Retired !: IS t from 12. I 1.20 :T Pilkington, G. Rawchffe, C. Gordon, W. NOrriS. Charles Ewart Hopwood, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 4. 11.20.

Bolton Corps (Victona Hall DlvlslOn ).-:-.C.apt. WIlllam H. Bennett, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P ., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 4. 1 1.20. 'Ik' b H Nelson Corps.-Thomas \\Tlll iam WI mson to e onorary President, 9· I.20.

Newtown Ambulance Division.-Corpl. Samuel Wild to be Ambulance Officer, 15. 1 1.20.

Padiham Division.- Sergt. George Taylor to be DIVISional Supt.,16.11.20. d h B' d Divisional Supt. M. Sanders transferre to t e nga e Reserve, 9. 1 1.20. M

Stockport Division.-Ist Class Sergt. John Henry oores to be Divisional Supt., 16.1..1.20.

Todmorden Division.-J. C. Pltter Bayley, L.M.S.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15. 1 1.20.

Colne Division.-Sergt. Harry Allum to be Transport Officer,27· 1O 20 b Crewe Ambulance Division.-Sergt. Josiah Simon to e Transp ort Officer, 25. 1.20.

Mosslev Nursing Division.-NurslDg Sister MISS Catherine Coyne to Nursing Officer, 29. 1 1.20.

Altrincham Division.-Ambulance Officer Wllllam Forster to be Divisional Supt., 2 12.2 0. Sergt. William A. Handley to be Ambulance Officer, 2.12.20. A b I Offi e Joseph HoI Whaleybridge m u ance c rroyd Widdop to be DIVISional Supt., 9. 12 20 NO.5 DISTRICT.

Hebden Bridge Corps.-Corps Supt. G Lawson transferred from the Hebden Bridge Corps to the Bngade Reser\'e, and 'Distri ct Corps. - Lady Supt. L. J. d · f d from the Dewsbury and District Corps to Ga Ie trans erre the Brigade Reserve, 1.12.20. d C Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. C. Mitchell to be La y orps Supti) 301,1 Graham Lescher, M.C., M.B., R YL R c.P. to be Divisional Surgeon, 24. 11.20. M. Division'.-Sergt. Joseph Greenwood to be Ambulance Officer, 24. 1 1.20.

Swadlincote and District Division.-Sergt. David T. Aldridge to be Divisional Supt., 19.11.20.

Corp.!. William Brown to be Ambulance Officer, 19. J.20.

NottIngham Corps.- Corps Surgeon Charles Coutts Wood M.B., Ch:B., to be Corps Supt., 24.I 1.20.

l\lottmgham Corps (Portland Di\'ision).-Divisional Sur-'

.Frank Derecourt Martyn, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. to be DIvIsional Supt., 11.11.20.

Brighouse Corps.-Corps Officer Albert Thornton to be Corps Supt., 17. I 1.20.

Keighley CO.rps (Skipton Division).-Nursing Officer Mrs. Eleanor 1:. .to be Lady Divisional Supt., 4.11.20.

NursIng Sister MIss Laura Smith to be Nursing Officer 4 ,J 1.20. '

_ NO.rth Corps (Uttoxeter Nursing Division)

-N ursIng Sister Mrs. Harriet Allen to be Nursing Officer' 16. 1.20.

Nursing Division.-Thomas Smith, M,B C M to be DIvIsIOnal Surgeon, 22 10,20. ., ' "

Sister Frances Elizabeth Petcy Tew A R R C t be NursIng Officer, 22,10.20, , ., 0 Worksop Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer MIss Dorothy Allen to be Lady Divisional Supt., 16.10.20. No. 6 DISTRICT.

Th Park Nursing Division.- Divisional Surgeon J orpe resigned, 7,12.20, La?y Divisional. Supt. Mrs. E. H;all resigned, 7. 2.20. ChIlston and \Vmd.lestone Nursmg Division.-Divisional Surgeon M reslgnp-d, 7.12.20.

Lady Dlvlslona.! Supt. A, Paxton resigned, 7.12.20. NursIng Dlvlslon.-Nursin a Officer M' I Marshall resigned, 7,12.20. l:> ISS

M Walker Nursi.ng Division.-Lady Divisional Supt Miss , M, Fa.wcett resigned, 7.12.20.

H G WoblsIngh8:m Nursing Division,-Divisional Surgeon R ar utt resigned, 7. 12.20.

Lady Divisional Supt.. Mrs, resigned, 7.12.20. Wltton-Ie-\Vear NursIng DIvIsIOn L d D' Mrs, A. Stobart resigned, 7.12.20, - a y IVlslonal Supt.

A b Glateshead Borough Division,-Sergt. William Scott to be m u ance Officer, 13, I 1.20.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

<;o!.. Robert John Simpson, C.B., C.M.G M B C M be Surgeon for County of Surrey, ;5 1 . ., to BrIghton and Hove Corps (Brighton Police Division) Ambulance Officer John Heath transferred to the Brigade Rserve, 12.11.20. e-

Guidford Corps (Guildford Division) -Corpl J]' D 'd to Divisional Supt., II.II.20.· U IUS aVI Surgeon and Su t. Dr Brunton resigns the Superintendentship of th D··.P D'" e IVlSlon and remalOS IVlslOnal Surgeon, 2.12.20.

Faversham Nursing Division.- Nursing Sister Mrs. Eleanor M. Lyons to he Nursing Officer, 4.12.20.

NO·9 DISTRICT.

.Torquay Nursing Division.-Nursing Sister Sophia CollI hole to be l'!" 0 fficer, p 1. 20.

DlvlslOn.-T. R. Bolitho Esq to be H PresIden t, 30. I r. 20. ,., onorary

C. E. Venning, Esq., to be Honorary Vice-President, 30 11.20.

. Babbacombe and Marychurch Nursing Division -Uivi slOnal Surgeon Hugh Steele transferred to the Re' serve, 4. I 1. 20. -

W. Cameron Davidson M 13 C1 B Surgeon, 19. I 1.20. ,.., 1.., to be Divisional

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Kent Division.- E. R. P. Merrett EscI t b H orary Vice-President, 10.11.20. ,., 0 e on., Pte. Thomas Arthur Oliver to be Ambulance Officer

I.). 1.20.

Chatham Division -Sergt F . A H Amb I Offi ranClS . a wkswOlth to be u ance cer, 15.11.20.

Se:8.t. James Wraight to be Amoulance Officer IS II 20 William T. Hancox to be Ambulance Officer 14' 16'20' TRRb 0 erts, Esg., J.P., to be Honorary Vice-President

Ramsgate Station Division.-Sergt G E Actmg Ambulance Officer, LIZ.20. '" Fearn to be

December, 1920 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. Ramsgate Station Division.-Sanctioned, 29.1 I.20.

DEATHS.

No. 1 DISTRICT.

The Viscountess Falkland, Lady Divisional Supt. No. 33 (Mayfair) Nursing Division. - Reported, 2.12.20.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Cle rken well, London, E.C., Nov 29th, I9 20

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England :-

As Kn£ght of Grace:

Alfred Shuttleworth. The Lord Forster of Lepe.

Admiral Sir John Michael de Robeck, Bt., G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

Ernest Alfred Richards (from Honorary Associate).

Lieut.-Colonel Clarence Isidore Ellis, C.M.G., M.D., R.A.M.C. (T.) (from Honorary Associate).

A.s Ladies of Grace.

Miss Byrne, O.B.E., and Miss Twiss, O.B. E. After dinner a play was performed, and recitations were given by Miss Clarke J ervoise.

" On 23rd, the Lady Ampthill, c.. I. , G.B,E., chanman Jomt Women'!> V.A.D, Committef', laid a wreath at the foot of the Cenotaph in Whitehall. The wreath was of laurel and white lilies, and intertwined were the hat ribbons of officers and members of the British Red Cross Society and St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments. A card bore the following, inscription :In Proud and g'raceful Memory of all V.A.D. Members of the Red Cross Society and Order of St. John of Jerusalem In England who laid down their lives in the service of their Country in the Great War 19 T4- 1 9 18 Inter Arma Caritas. Pro Utilitate Hominum. Lady Ampthill was accompanied by the Hon. Sir Arthur Stanby, G.B.E., M.V.O., chairman Joint Council B.R.C.S. and Order of St. John, the Right Hon. Evelyn Cecil, P.c., M P vice-chairman Joint Council, Dame Beryl Oliver, D.B.E., R.R.C., representing Voluntary Aid De· tachments, Order of St. John, Miss Goodhue, O.B.E., representing B R.C S. Voluntary Aid Detachments, City of London, Miss Roberts, Miss Malden and Colonel Southam, representing B R.C.S, Voluntary Aid Detachments, County of London, Miss Byrne, O,B.E, representing St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments, County of London, Miss Twiss, O.B.E., and a detachment of members from the Headquarters Staff, Mr. Lines, Mr. Vilven and Mr. Cooper, [f'presenting the St. John Am bulance Brigade.

We have to record that in a recent Gazette thp O.B.E. was conferred upon Mrs. Palaeologus, who was for some considerable time in charge of a department on the Headquarters Staff.

CO.rp!. Robert Adams to be Ambulance Officer 14 II

P Reserve. - Reserve Corps Officer :vi: .' J. 20 ·G arker resigned, 26. I 1.20, - aJor

S Weardale Corps (Stanhope Division) -D' " I urgeon, Robert White resigned, 26, I 1.20. IVISlona Whlckham NursIng Division.-Lady Divisional Su t

W 6 00dbury Thompson transferred to the Brigade RP Mrs. 2 1 I. 20. eserve, North Tyneside Corps (North Shields D' ) A lance Officer W J M d IVISlon.- mbu- '. aw reslgne , 1.12,20.

M R WChltby NursIng Harland R :S., L.R.C,P., to be ActIng Divisional S aw, Hirst Nursing Division. -Lady S t S MurgleoD, 24'.1 I. 20. 2. 2.20. up. ac ean resigned, dNursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon n reslgne ,2.12.20. W.

RobsCheste:-le-Sdtreet Nursing Division.-Lady Supt on reslgne ,2.12.20. Mrs. Officer. Miss M. Clark resigned 2 12 ?O " on ton NursIng Division -L d D'·:· ,MIss L. Johnson resigned, 2, a y IVlslonal Surgeon Lady Supt: Miss J. Weir resigned 2.1220 Novocastrla Nursi D'" ' Batt resigned, 2.12.:W. ng IVlslon.-Dlvlslonal Dr. Nurs!ng Officer Miss L. Nattrass resi d Nursmg Officer MIss A S· .gne ,2.12.20. Swalwell Nursin D' .: Imps<?n. r.eslgned, 2.1220.

SOD Smith resigned, :. Surgeon E. DaviMrs. Smith 2.12.20.

B . y ursIng DIVISIOn -Dlvlsio al S Ishop resigned, 2.12.20. n urgeon W. Lady Supt. Mrs. D. James resigned, 2.12,20, NO.7 DISTRICT.

Lady Divistonal Supl. the H ferred to the Brigade Reserve, 23. 1 Mrs. Heathcote trans-

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned and disbanded:

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Reading (G W R) D' " IVlslon.-Sanctioned, 10.12.20.

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Desborough 2.12.20.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Division (Kettering Corps).-Sanctioned,

Hirst Nursing Di (A h' Disbanded,26.11.20. VISIOn s mgton Coal Co. Corps).--

Bedlington Nursing Di.vision.-Disbanded 26. II ?O 1 1.20.

ovocastna N D' . . , . . .

-Disbanded 26 ursIng IVISlon (Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps). , .11.20.

J?i.vi.sion.-Disbande<i, 26.1 "'.20.

D 'y am urs.mg Dlvlslon.-Dlsbanded 26 I )?O

Ipton Nu 5 D'" ," .-. Valley Corps, to be mcIuded in the Derwent

Auckland Park N urs' D'" Chilston and W' IVlslon.--plsbanded,6.I2.20. banded, 7.12.20. m estone NurSIng DivislOns.--Dis-Disbanded, 7.12.20.

a .er ursIng 7 T 220

, IVlslon.·- Isbanded, 7. [2.20.

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Nursing Section (Hove F Sa.nctlOned, 22.11.20. Division).-

Rachel Cecily, The Lady Forster of Lepe. Florence, Mrs. H. B. Hamilton.

Mary Josephine Ethel, Mrs. Arthur Weguelin, C. B.E. Etheldred Constantia, Lady Rumbold

As Esquire:

Lieut.-Colonel John Gilbert Browne, C. M.G., D.S.O.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

THE num ber of members posted for this month to Ministry of Pensions and Naval Hospitals is twenty-five; of these, seventeen members were posted tu Ministry of Pensions Hospitals

Applications by ex-Service women for free passages in connection with the Society for the Overseas Settl<>ment of British Women number 7 66

On November 3rd Lady Ampthili presided at a dinner of the past and present mtmbers of the V.AD. Headquarters Staff wlro had served for two years or more on that staff. The dmner was given at the V.A.D. Ladies' Club, 23, Cavendish-square, and covers were laid for sixtyfour.

The guest of the evening was D.ime Katherine Furse, G. B.E, R. R.C, and among those present were L3.dy Bell, D.B.E., L'ldy Codrington, C B.E., Mrs. Wynne Finch, The Lady Georgiana Mme, Mrs. Cane, C.B.E., Miss LethC B.E. the Han. Mrs. Brougham, O. B E., Dame Beryl vliver, D. B. E., R. R,C., Miss MacSwinney, O. B E.

It is with great regret that we have to announce the death of the Viscountess Falkland, Commandant of London 118 Lldy Falkland had belonged to the St. John Ambulance Brigade for a very considerable number of years, and was a Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. She, with the late Mrs. Colegrave, opened and administered an Auxiliary Hospital at Norwood for the first years of the War, and only gave it up when ill-health compelled her to do so.

We regret to announce the death of V.A.D. member Miss Oona Grogan at St. Thomas' Hospital on N ovem ber 29 th 19 20 Miss Grogan had worked as a house member at the V, A D, Hostel, Princes' Gate.

There is nothing of interest to report this month in the General Service Department. The position of members, both at home and abroad, is precisely the same as last month.

The Convalescent Home at Beechgrove is at present quite full, and the staff and patients are beginning to prepare for the Christmas festivities.

M.B E., 23. 11.19.-Thellusson, Florence Adelinr, London 88, S J. A. B" St. Dunstan's, Regents Park, subsequently Matron of Sir Arthur Pearson's Home at Ilkley.

On the 1St instant Mr. Evelyn Cecil, l\I1.P·, as Secretary-General of the Order of St. John, called by desire of the Pri me Minister at 10, Downing-street, and presented him with the insigna of a Knight of Grace, to which honour he had been admitted honoris callsa as Chancellor of the Priory for Wales. Mr. Lloyd George at thr; same time signed the historic roll of the Order.

WE pointed out in our N ovem ber issue that the No. 4 District held the first post war Conference of the Brigade') we that this is not so, for the No. 12 (Irish) DIstnct held a conference in November 19 1 d I , 9, an a so held its second conference last month, and which is reported in this issue. We regret this error and ]'n ,no way dId mtend to cast any reflection on any other district, especIally the ,No. 12 District, which is carrying on its work under enormous difficulties and which deserves to m pressed on its fellow -districts.

AI D.- 1920.

ALL me mbers of the Brigade will be pleased to hear that 1\11'. \V. Harvey Reeves has been appointed Mayor of Northampton for the second time. Mr. Harvey Reeves, as Assistant-Commissioner of the St. John Ambuiance Brigade and Assistant-Director of the Red Cross, did admirable work during the terrible years from 1914 to 19 18 and as long as he lived he would have the gratitude of many a man whose lot it had been to go to Northampton and the surrounding districts during the war period to be healed from his infirmities, *

THE annual report of the Ambulance Committee of the Midland Railway shows that the total number of ambulance staff in the Company's service is 9,021, the numbers in the various departments being as follows, percentages in parentheses: General Superintendent's 3,932 (11'87) , Good 1,228 (7'06). Ways and Works 2,747 (22 10). Chief Mechanical Engineer's 40& (6'20). Carriage and Wagon 439 (4'54). Police 102 (55 '05). Various 165 (3 6 '°5).

INSPECTOR-GENERAL H. C. WOODS, R.N., has retired from the post of Chairman to the Gosport Centre of the St. John Am bulance Association after 38 years' w;rk. Born in 1841, the retiring Chairman, who is honorary physician to the King, has been Inspector·General of Hospitals and the Fleet for many years. The Treasurer, Mr. W. M. Clay, is also retiring, with 23 years' work to his credit. The new Chairman is the Hon. Major-General W. Huskisson, C.M.G., who has been, among other things, Professor of Fortifications at the R. M. College, Kingstone, Canada. Miss Paine succeeds Mr. W. M. Clay in the treasurer:;hip.

SIR JAMES CLARK, speaking at the opening of the new headquarters of the Association and Brigade at Newcastle, said it was propos e d to have County Committees of the Order which would meet the County Committees of the British Red , Cross, discussing matters thoroughly and friendly, so that there was no chance of one taking undue advantage of the other. The County Committees of the Order would be repres e ntative of the Brigade, Association and the Order.

The Armistice Sunday Appeal proves that the Joint Council has many kind friends amongst the clergy. Indeed, it can claim all as friends, for if they could not allocate that particular day, they wrote cheerful letters to headquarters, and in nearly every case promised to keep a Sunday for the Joint Societies later on. Many letters have also come from tht: new Mayors, wishing well to the cause and promising to do something for the Red Cross and Order of St. John during their term of office. In some instances they were instrumental in arranging for the Joint Council to receive the collection on the date of their formal attendance at the Cathedral or church. Newcastle-onTyne at present heads the list of offerings.

December, 1920. -FIRST Health Education. *

By KNUD STOUMAN, Chief, Department of Vital Statistics League of Red Cross Societies.

(Concluded from page 76.)

MOD ERN public health administration covers numerous field s from general sanitation and control of infectious disease s to infant welfare work, maternity care, school hyg iene, industrial hygiene, housing inspection, food control, and so on. Considerable sums are now expended in mak ing the environment of man as favourable as possible; in the United States 120 million dollars were thus expended durin g the year 1917 in cities of over 30,020 inhabitants for the purpose of promoting and safeguarding public health. The full return of this expense can he had only through the intelligent co-operation of th e public itself.

People must be instructed in personal hygiene and clea nliness, and must learn that much sickness is easily prevented. The foundation of good health is laid already in childhood and habits are formed early, therefore health edu cation must begin with the child. Sir George Newman, the Chief M e dical Officer of Great Britain writes in his I, OutHne of the Pract/ce of Preventive Medecine" "We now have a compulsory and universal national system of edu cation; an integral part of it should be a knowledge of the principles of health. The teaching of theory only will avai l nothing; from the earliest age the individual should be trained in the habit of healthy Hvi1lg." At no period of life is the public control of the individual more extensive than at the school age, and the school should therefore be 1he cornerstone of all health education. The home also may be reached to some extent through the school children. The opportunities offere d by the school has been understoo d and partly seized upon in the Anglo-Saxon countries and in Switzeland, but in many countries the work has not been even initiated.

Certain contagious disea:;es, as for instance, typhoid ever, smallpox, plague, etc., can be dealt with only by the pub lic authorities, although also here an intelligent coope ration on the part of th e people is necessary. The great majority of deaths are due, however, to diseases for the prevention of which personal and domestic hygiene are of decisive importance. The problem then becomes in the first line a question of education, not only of the children, but of adult people, so far as these may be influe nced.

Education of the masses was a catchword forty years ago In the struggle of the classes and hasty technical dev elopment of recent years much less interest has been take n in popular education, and we are paying the penalty dail y and dearly. True democracy is possible only with a really enlightened people, and power in the hands of the stu pid spells strife and ruin. Good management of the hom e in its widest sense is the foundation of good health and progress, and ignorance brings dirt.

How then are we going to instruct the public in right livi ng and what should we try to teach them? A gen e ral an swer to these questions cannot be given because the ne eds of different regions vary considerably, and the mental ity of classes and races are not on the same level. The

* Reprinted from Tile Bulletin. The League of Red Cross Societies

AID - 89

sixteen golden living rules published by the Life Extension Institute of New York are, for instance, very excellent for American businessman, but it would be hopeless to mstruct, say the Galician farmhand in breathing exercises or tooth-brushing, and superflouous to tell the Vienna labourer to avoid overeating. The rules do not, on the oth e r hand, say anything about general cleanliness, neither do they warn against throwing kitchen stuff out of the window to the street, nor tell how to keep free of lice. Methods fruitful of results in rural districts of Eastern would not at .all be suited for an Italian village, and dlfferent proceedIngs are necessary again in the slums of an English industrial town.

The first foundation for a health campaign is a thorough study of living and working conditions, prevailing diseases, habits and mentality of the people to be dealt with. A survey of this nature can be conscientiouslv and properly made only in close collaboration with persons who know the district thoroughly. This local knowledge com bined with experience already gained from propaganda work in more advanced countries will then determine the proper method of procedure.

Certain elementary truths to be taught, however, will be the same everywhere. We must comba( with decision the fatalism of ignorance and the pernicious influence of superstition which is powerful, even to-day, in more than half the people. It must be understood by the parents, first of all, that their child from disease contracted through lack of cleanliness or protection, and not because it was simple destined to die. Let people understand that life and death depend to a great extent upon their own actions, and the battle is half won.

Next it must be understood that most diseases are dependent upon unfavourable environment, that is bad air, lack of sunlight, dirty rooms and eating utensils, dust and flies, faulty feeding and bad care of children, in short upon general bad management and failure to make the best of the means obtainable. People will also understand that the body may resist most diseases when in good conditions, and a few elementary facts of personal hygiene, suitable to the conditions, may be given.

The whole plan of campaign must be simple and inexpensiv e as pJssible and at the same time attract attention, pHticularly in its opening stages Lectures accompanied by moving pictures or demonstration lantern slides will generally attract attention, and pamphlets with some useful information may be distribut ed with advantage-if the people of the region are not too illiterate they must be very short in any case.

The campaign of health propaganda is only the first eye-opener and will not have lasting results if not followed up. Living habits are pactically inherited with primitive people and are not changed because of an evening's lecture. After the first call to atte ntion comes the permanent work, the health nurse begins her visits, the infant welfare centre and the tuberculosis clinic open and so on, all of which must be done without undue display but with kindness, understanding the patient, so that the poor do not feel embarrassd nor think it some new governmental invention.

Sanitary reforms will penetrate to the poor only if some of their own kind can be made to take interest in the matter and assist in the propaganda. Poor and primitive people get most of their informati?n from hearsay, they are not going to talk freely WIth. anybody the.Ir equals. We must therefore try to gam some agItator 10 every village and every street s? that we m.ay. finally have a trustee in every house. A SImple associatlOn may then

"3'irst j\id" extends to its readers and patrons a cordial greeting fat' ehristmas and best wishes is the )'lew Hear.

-FIRST

gradually be formed somewhat on the plan of the community service organisation developed in recent years at Cincinnati.

Public health education along these lin es is, so to speak, of a too intimate nature to be undertaken directly by governmental authorities, altLough their permission and collaboration should, of course, be secured. Red Cross societies, when organised on a broad and democratic basis , are eminently suited, on the other hand, to initiate and supervise such work. The public has generally a good opinion of the Red Cross, and are willing to take its advice and enter into its organisation, while the National Society cau easily obtain help and expert counsel through the Leagu e Office at G eneva from its more experienced and powerful sister soci et ies. Th e Red Cross emblem has stood for the mitigation of suffering {com the time of its conception by H e nry Dunant. H el pful hands always have befn ready on the battlefield to sav ::! a wounded comrade, even when it was done with the greatest peril. Prevention of diseases is attend -; d with no particular ri!>k, excepting in very special cases; why is it then so hard to bring about? If people understood clearly that the millions of sick and dying of we are spea king are not mathematical abstractions but actual individuals like you and me, like father, mdher, sister and brother, then th e great uni on of misericordia would be the most powerful in the world, and unnecessary illness would fade away like mi.,t before the sun But we have too littl e imagination to understand the immense aggregate of suffering which is constantly going on, and those who have knowledge generally have no conception of how the others in the back streets are living. The secrets of life and death are not as yet fully unravelled to us, but if only we applied our pr e sent knowledge and experience, sickness would be largely curtailed. It is not the lack of knowledg.;, but the fail:1re to apply what we have, which is responsible (or most sickness and many deaths. A nation's health is not an incidental matt e r. but it is the very foundation of true progress and happiness. Disease has be e n gaining upon us during the last six years, and we can afford no delay in safeguarding and restoring the good health with which nature endowed us.

Leicestershire V.A.D.

THE Women's V.A.D. competition for th e County Director's Challenge Bowl, which took place at the headquarters on Thursday, November 25th. The event was in every way a great success and the utmost keenness war. shown by all who competed.

The Challenge Bowl wa, won by V.A.D. 8in J9[9, who were also th e winnels of this year's competition, the other teams were placed as follows ;-

V.A. D. 30, Z Y.A. D. 38, 3 ; Y.A D 4, 4; V.A.D. 2, 5 ; V. AD. 22, 6; V. A. D 32, 7; V. A. D. 42, 8; V. A. D. 44,9; V.A.D. 4 8 (only competed in three items), 13.

The judges were ;-

Drill-Major C. M S e rj .>a ntson, O.B.E.

Bed-making-Miss Rowe, Matron of Faire Hospital.

Sheet Changing-Miss Whent Matron. Hospital.

Triangular Bandaging -Dr. Skipworth.

Roller Bandaging-Dr. W. S. Aslett.

Thermomet " r and Chart Marking -Miss Alllbone, Matron, Hlghfields Hospital.

A I D.- Decem ber, 1920.

Chadwick Public Lecture.

THE first of the Chadwick Lectures was given on October 18th. Sir William Collins who presided pomted out that th e future of the Voluntary Hospital and voluntary agencies like the Red Cross are burning questions both at horne and abroad. The R e d Cross movement began with Henri Dunant of Geneva, but he admitted he was inspir e d to the work by Miss Florence Nightingale, the lifelong friend and coadj utor of our founder Sir Edwin Chadwick. It is well that a Geneva Professor should speak to us at this tim e on this subject. Professor Roget was the first for eigne r to accept an invitation of the Chadwick Trust to le cture for them and his delightful lectures on Altitude and Health have been made into a very readable book by Constables in the Chadwick Library. Professor Roget is so much at home in our country and in our language and his family is allied with that of Sir Samuel Romilly that he n ee ds no introduction to a London audience and he will, I am sure, have an attentive and eagtr audience. The lecturt.r explained how the reorganisation of the Red Cross Societies for civil work was a direct outcom e of the lesso ns learnt from the war. He said that the terrible efftct of th e war conditions upon the civil community mad e th oug htful men feel that to the pursuit of general political "Sanity" in the relations of nations to on e another (the business of the League of Nations) should be added international care for the bodily health of the human units-all alike subject to pain, suffering, and mis e ry-forming those n ations. To that end the Public Health Department of the League of Red Cross S o ci e ties at Geneva would supply the centre needed for a world-wide organisation.

The subj ect of the second lecture on October 25th was, (. Health, the Red Cross and the League of Nations."

Sir James Crichton Browne, who presided, said that howeV e r nations migh t differ in race and political customs, and how e ver acute comm e rcial rivalry, the one thing they had in common was fear of pestil e ntial disease. The nations realised their indep e ndence in fighting disease.

The League of Health should have consuls in all countries, who would furnish to Headquarters reports of outbreaks of disease of an international character. Whilst advocating official guidance in health matters, he said liberty must be maintained, for though health was a great possession, so was liberty. Supervision must not go too far.

Professor Roget, in bis lecture, declared that neither racial characteristics nor nationalistic prepossessions could find room in the Wo) k in the League of Red Cross Societies.

The last lecture d e livered on October 29th treated of th e work mapped out for the Public Health Department of the League of Red Cross Societies in the civil community.

The Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley, G B.E, c.B., M Y.O., Chair man of the Joint Council of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. J ()hn, presided.

The lecturer said that the work to be undertaken stands divided into seven sections; a section concerned with social diseases, considering particularly venereal complaints; a section for the prevention of malaria, another for the prevention of tuberculosis, a fourth on preventive medicine, a fifth on child welfare, a sixth on nursing, and a seventh, known as the Educational Section, comprising propaganda work, puhlications and statistics.

Considering Venereal Diseases first, he pointed out

December, 1920. -FIRST AID.-

the difficulties attending the inclusion of those affections in Red Cross work, and the greater suitability of the medical officer's intervention along with that of physicians in private or hospital practice. He laid particular stress on the need for safeguarding the dignity of women, perhaps in impressing upon some of them a deeper sense of self-re spect than there was at present in many quarters a tendency to obWhile every moral and religious influence should be brought to bear upon the stamping out of the "social evi l," he quite accepted the finding of the expert that scie nce is in duty-bound to quell that source of human suffer ing, since it professes itself able to do so with a sufficie nt allowance of time and the proper enforcement of the nece ssary regulations.

Passing on to Tuberculosis, he desribed it 'as the secon d of the properly so-called "Social Diseases," for the times were now far distant when phthisis passed for a clim atic disease only

He had something to say about the two modes of the disease. The preventative mode of giving to hum an beings an environment, and a nutrition, ,as free from germs as possible, should not be applied irrespective of the segregation of tuberculous persons, and keeping them apart from the healthy for any necessary length of time

On the subject of Malaria, the lecturer pointed out by wha t scientific means, the applicati'Jn of which raised no question except that of money and administrative efficiency , it was now possible to restore to salubrity whole tracts of country hitherto a prey to the disease.

Passing on to Child Welfare and Nursing, which in his opinion, were intimately connecte d with Women Welfare, as being particularly the business of women willing to serve humanity in "terms of their own sex," he showed that the Ul.ion of the visiting nurse and the mother would affo rd a proper safeguard of the home, under Red Cross assi stance, for no work of social relief could be better suited for the Red Cross organisations in times of peace tha n Child Welfare work.

That "Preventive Medicine If should form the subject of a distinct section in the Public Health Department of the League of the Red Cross Societies was not a contention that could any dissent. Preventive medicine belon ged to every class of social health work, and provided, as it were, the armoury whence the scientific means for this cru sade could be obtained. There could not be an e fficient preventive service without Red Cross laboratories placed at the disposal of the medical practitioner in far greater numbers than they were at present available

But perhaps the greatest Red Cross task would be that of education, a task for which literature, lectureships, health libraries, demonslration Museums would be required, pri ncipally in those unfortunate countries which lagged in the rear of civilisation in all matters connected with hygiene, san itation and clean housing.

At the conclusion of the lecture a mem ber of the au dience inquire whether any steps were being taken by the Red Cross in this country to give effect to the suggestio ns made by the lecturer.

Sir Arthur Stanley, in moving a vote of thanks to Pr ofessor Roget for his interesting series of le ctures, explained that the British Red Cross organisation, through th e agency of the Central Council for Infant and Child Welfare, the National Council for Corn bating Venereal Di seases, and the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, had taken steps which he hoped would be the means of securing good results. Sir Arthur said the general health of the country by preventive measures,

and that this can only be done by education, which is undoubtedl y a of work open to voluntary organisations through propaganda, lectures , etc.

Re iews.

FIRST AID IN EMERGENCIES.

By Eldridge L. Eliason. M.D.,

J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and London. Pn'ce 7S 6d. net.

THI S is an exc'ellent book by an American Surgeon. It is now in its third Edition, and is well written, well illustrated and well printed. Its utIlIty, however, to ambulance students on this side of the Atlantic is distinctly limited, because its standard of knowledge far exceeds our conceptIon of "What First Aid is," and it gives instructions not only in strapping of limbs and joints and in redu ction of dislocations, but also in administration of ether under medical supervision! Apart from this, the book should be of the immense value to explorers and others who find themselves absolutely beyond medical aid, though we note the all-tao-common mispelling of " Silvester."

THE WHITE CROSS OF ST. JOHN.

By Col. R. J. Blackham, C.B., C.M.G., M.D., &c.

Dale, Reynolds & Co, 46, Cannon·street, E.CA· Price 2S. 6d. llet-Postage 6d. extra.

We cordially welcome the third edition of Col. Blackham's White Cross of St. john, which is a most pleasing record of the origin, growth and activities of the old Order of St. John. We note further that in this issue Col. Blackham has secured the co-operation of Dr. Corbet Fletcher :-vho has contributed a long and interestrng chapter on the hIstory of the Modern Ambulance Movement.

For the first time, therefore, enthusiasts of St. Jobn may read in one book - th e combined efforts of .two giants of First full detaIls of deeds accomplrshed by the ancient Order as well as of the equally wonderful work carried out in modern times by the revived English Branch of the Order. For this reason, our advice to all keen First Aiders is that they secure their copies of the bOok without delay.

Overseas Service Medals.

THE fullowing is an extract from a notice which apptared in the 7im es on Nov e mber 24th, 19 20

" It is hoped that the distribution of .British War and Victory Medals and the 1914-1.9.I5 Star wlll.be completed within four years. The authontles are convlDced that the task Clinnot be 'achieved in less time."

I t will be well, therefore, for members not to be surprised if th e y do not receive their medals for at least two or three years, in spite of the fact !hat many medals already been issued. All medals wlll be f?rwarded .to theu respective owners as soon as they are receIved at JOInt War Committees' Htadquarters. Chang e s of address should be notified to the Secretary, Record of Pensonnel Department, I9, Berkeley-str ee t, W.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH ADVER rISERS PLEASE MENTION "FIRST AID.

-FIRST

An Ambulance Recitation.

Bv EX-PRIVATE, S.J.A. B., NO.6 DISTRICT.

'A VE you heard of the accident, Governor, I t happened down the street, A motor ran into a boy, Sir! And knocked him off his feet.

The poor wee chap was hurt, Sir! I could see-as he lay there, He tried in vain to rise, Sir, When a voice shouted" Hey take care."

And the people stood back and wondered, Why the man so eager should be, Was it his child suffering there, Sir Now wait, and we shall see.

Keep still, Sonny! Don't move. he Stand back you people, I beg. Deft fingers passed o'er the boys clothing, And found-a fractured leg.

A messenger sped to the telephone box, The ambulance van to call, While splints were made of walking sticks, And bandages from a shawl.

The crowd were eager to help, you see, The workman in the street, Who helped the boy-in dire distress, Such acts make life more sweet.

And the boy was moved to the 'Orspital, The people went on their way, It was an accident in modern life, Sir! That occurs most every day.

But who was the man so eager, To help the poor lad who fell, Now listen to me a moment, Sir, And I will gladly tell.

There's lots like '1m, if you only knew, Who helps every time he can, In factory, mine, and other works, You'll find the ambulance man.

The man who in times of piping peace A knowledge of " First AId" sought, In order that he-might ready be, To help-as every man ought.

For you never know in this busy world, Mld'st daily toil and strife, What may befall-a sudden call, And" First Aid" may save life.

The man in the street was ready, Sir! He answered the call-and ran, Eager to help the fallen boy, He was a St. John's man.

Sometimes you see him in uniform neat, I ts colours, black and white, Sometimes-when you are fast asleepHe keeps watch throughout the night. When lights ale out, and in the air

An evil force draws near, 'Tis then he waits to render aid, Through dangers, others fear.

And far away in distant lands, Where grim war causeth pain, You, too, will find the St. John man To shirk-he would disdain.

AI D, December,

Ten thousand strong are the St. John' s men, The men of the S.J.A.B. Who serve, to save, the fallen man In distant lands-o'er sea.

And there's ambulance sisters, too, Sir! And nurses of the V.A.D. And the British Red Cross Society, To aid frail humanity.

And they work hand in hand together, Sir! The Red Cross and S.J.A.B., " To alleviate pain" is their motto, Sir! And the result is good to see.

And now, Sir, I'll have to be moving, The soldiers are marching again, I'm wrong--it's the Brigade, just off to the sta'tion To meet the ambulance train.

You're right, Sir! Their work is endless, N ow cheer as hard as you can, Once, twice, now altogetherHurrah! for the St. John man.

3lractical

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special refennce to /{ood and badCoints in inclusion in this Column.

AFTER-CARE 01" DROWNING.

The Ileed for after-care in all cases of Asphyxia (as set out on p. 141 of Textbook) and so often forgotten by ambulance students) is well illustrated by a recent fatal occurrence. A boy, aged 7 years, was rescued after falling into a river. Breathing had ceased; but after First Aid treatment he so far recovered from the effects of his immersion that he was able to walk 100 yards to his home.

A few hours later, while in bed, he suddenly collapsed and died. At the inquest the doctor attributed death to drowning, stating that the boy's lungs contained a quantity of water which cut off the supply of oxygen essential to the exertion of walking, and that death had resulted.from this cause, aggravated by shock due to the accident. The Coroner concurred, and said that he would treat the case as if the boy had been taken out of the river drowned.- J. L. C., Tufnell Park.

RESCUE FROM DROWNING.

A recent personal experience may be interesting. While working on a certain pier I stumbled, fell 30 ft. into the sea and st:ouck my head against a projecting beam of the pier with consequent loss of consciousness. Later on I learned the subsequent story of my accident. Two of my mates dived after and succeeded in getting me back to the landing stage on which I lay unconscious, not breathing, and with an extensive scalp wound, from which blood slowly trickled. They at once commenced artificial respiration, and after 15 minutes succeeded in getting me to breathe again, the bleeding from my scalp wound becoming more and more brisk as breathing was re-established.

Then, as I did not recover consciousness, they dressed my wound, sent for an ambulance, and, wrapping me in blankets, removed me in recumbent position to the local hospital, where r recovered consciousness 48 hours later and found myself being treated for scalp wound and Concussion. My subsequent recovery was uneventful.-M. B., Hull.

On the occasion of the annual meeting of the Ipswich Miss M. Coulcher was presented with her portrait 10 Oils by the of the Centre, in recognition of h e r 40 yr,ars' service.

December, 1920. - FIR S T

AID.-

was dressed with stickmg plaster and the patient died quently from Tetanus.

J,uf,ries will be dealt with under the lollowing rules :-

I.-Letters containinf, Queries must be marked on the top lelt hand corner 01 the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRST Am, 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C 4·

:l.-All Queries must be accompanied by a" Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the lournal, or in case of Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

Textbook, to which reference may be made in these is the Revised (I920) Editwn of S.I.A.A. Manual of Fzrst-Atd.

FRACTURES OF RIBS AND FEMUR.

R. J. (Rockhampton).-In a recent c.ompet.ition I a case of complicated of nght a SImple fracture of right femur With a long splLn:t for the latter fracture, on the assumjJtt'on thIS splmt would not interfere with the fractured nbs. The Judge diSagreed to my cost, and wante.d the treated with short inside and outSIde splmts. I belLeve that my treg,tment of this combination. of coincid.es with your views and shall be glad If you WIll confirm thIS. Your" belief" is contrary to facts, as you will find if you look up the Column in J issue of this in fact, you WIll note that my adVice agrees on essential pomts with the decision of the Judge. .' With complicated .fracture of ribs, a long outSIde splmt would further handicap seriously the movements of chest (and with these the act of breathing) al1'eady interfered 'lvith by injury to lungs. For this reason J favour 1tD splints for the broken femur, and am content to bandage the broken to the unbroken lower limb. On the other hand, I cannot quarrel with the two short splints, though they seemto me of. doubtful value in controlling the fracture a?d a. \\a?te of tIme from the First Aid standpoint, more espeClally m view of the treatment necessary for the injured lungs. No-You have muddled the instructions in issues of March and April 1920, where, writing on simple ribs and femur, I pointed out (1) that latter, bemg. Z7Z thzs case the more serious injury must receIve first attention; (2) that the long outside splint so essential to. treatment of the broken femur will also support the broken nb?; and (3) that, in short the ribs will look after themselves, If the fractured femur treated- With compl£cated fracture of ribs and fracture of femur, however, the opposi.te and the lung injury and broken ribs must rec.elve m treatment as the more serious injuries, while modlfilcatlon of treatment will be sufficient for the femur. -N. CORBET FLETCHER.

GREENSTICK FRACTURE.

S. H. (Abercorn, S. Wales) referring to Textbook .(p. 42) at what age the bone is so developed that, If broken, It cannot be classified as a " greenstick" fracture. Which bone? Some bones do not ossify completely until the age of 25, and some .are ch!ldren at age! ! Humbug apart, there is no age lLmlt, and If anr bone IS pa?-tly bmt,jJartly broken (like a snapped g-reen. tWIg), the,n It IS a greenstick fracture, whatever the age of patIent.

STICKING PLASTER AND ·WOUNDS.

S. H. (Abercom, S. asks w!th reference to Rule IS in Treatment of Artenal Bleedmg (Textbook p. 86) what harm would result from applying plaster to a recent wound.

Possibly no hart? en.sue, and possibly. much harm in the way of septic mfectl.on mIght result. POSSIbly also explanation is to be found !n Query S:olumn of Novembel, 19 1 7, where by the Textbook was being revised and thIS ms;trnctlon added to the old General Rules, I discussed a case m whIch a recent wound

The real point at issue, however, is that First Aiders must accept responsibility only for the first dressing of a wound, even in so called "minor injuries" which may prove fatal; and that on this ground alone the application of plaster is inadvisable and contrary to the Principles of First Aid.N.C .F.

DIL\TED PUPILS IN ApOPLExY.

W. J. ( Bolsover) quotes the Textbook (p. 4S) with reference to the signs of Apoplexy and asks which pupil" may be larger" than the other. He adds that he recently lost twenty marks in a competition because he could not answer the question.

Accept my condolences on the The dilated pupil is evidence of increase pressure wlthm the skull. fore, the pupIl which must ,be on side of the bram as the hccmorrhage whIch IS causmg the Increased pressure. By-the-way, I presume. know that there .may be folo in pupils if pressure wlthm skull IS only slIghtly rals.ed-ana that the qualification" generally," used m Textbook with reference to temperature, applies also to face, breathing, sides of body, and pupils. -N.C F.

DRESSING BANDAGE fOR HAND.

T. R. (Cheltenham) asks if the hand should not be placed "palm downwards" in the Dressing Bandage for Hand. What advantage would result? The anatomical position of the hand (Textbook p. 27) is "palm forwards." Therefore, during the dressing of a wound the hand naturally comes up"palm upwards remains in this p,?sition unless the site of the wound ll1cl1cates change of pOSItIOn. Further, the chief blo0d supply of the hand is m and for this also the hand should be placed as laId dO\\'n m ll1 order thar you may see the results of your treatment, espeCially the control of bleeding.-.l. T.C.F.

CONGESTION OF FACE IN ARTIflCI \L RE:-;PIRATlON.

S. H. (Abercorn, S. Wales ) quotes the. (T.extbook, p. 137) for change in method of and asks what is the cause of the congest.lOn Jl1 face and why reversion from Shaefer to SLlvester IS I?dlcated, since the former is classed as the most effective of all methods.

Your opinion coincides with my own. t is. further supported Profess<?r ?haefer, whose letter on thIS IS quoted in this column III Issue of January, 1919, and who m hIS turn asks why cong·estion of the face (wltic!t call be tlte.result of returnin o- eirculation) should be the mdlcatlon for .up the method of artificial respiration which is actually bnng.ll1g about the much desired return of circulation Further obJections to this alternation of methods, rOltlllle trea.tmwt of these cases are (I) that much valu.able tIme lost 1.nchanging position of patient, in 100senll1g clothes, 111 arrang111g etc., before Silvester can be adopted, and (2) that the lattel method has, as you rightly point out, been proven less effectual than Schaefer.-N. C. F.

ALTERATIONS IN TEXTBOOK.

J. J. (Attercliffe) asks if the.re is any in any form of the corrections and alteratIOns made III the 1920 Textbook and if such is now obtainable.

A list of errors in 1920 EditiC?n Horrors!! and 3 errors do still remain in the latest Issue of our !evlsed Textbook! !! The Manual (32nd was reVised m 19 1 7 by a Committee of doctors and contamed some 1 5 the majority of which were corrected by Sub-CommIttee th "6th edition in 1919. A lLst of these correctIOns Issumg e.) ., . b (price zd.) was published early m 19 20 by the AssocIatIOn, its effectiveness is now destroyed further .errors ha\e since then been unofficially by correction Llnder these circumstances, your best plan IS to g;t 36th edItIOn as printed in or rifler September, 1920.- N. C. F.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

fetters to the t;ditor.

We are in no fDa, responsible tor the opinions expressed, or the statements made, b, CorresjJondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

A MEDAL FOR HOME SERVICE.

DEAR SIR,

The letter of "L. Whittaker" has many excellent points, but it looks on the question from a standpoint that does not appeal to those members of the M. H.H.R. who have put in, say 12 years service, 5 of them in war hospitals, in positions that could not by any means be calJed "cushy." Many of them, broken in health, have had to drop Brigade work. They have retired with their "laurels," of what?

There is the recognition from a supposed" Grateful Country" or their Patrons the Order of St. John?

In the South African War those S.J.A.B. men who served with the hospitals received due rec')gnition in the form of the Queen's, King's, and S. John's medals.

The hospital service at home in the Great War, men and nurses of S. ] ohn risked, and many lost, their lives through zeal in tending patients during some of the most fatal of epidemics, fevers and diseases; every day running risks that might mean death in their faithful discharge of duty. Is any honour too great for such?

Where were the" cushy jobs"? I did not see any that were occupied by the S. John's R.A.M.C. men!

The last three paragraphs of his letter I quite agree with, but his first part, in places, had better not t) have been written. M r. Whittaker has done such good work for the Brigade for years, and has had recognition and promotion in the Order of S. John. For his home War Service too, he received, quite rightly, the decoration as a Member of the British Empire.-I am, dear Sir, yours faithfully, AUDI

ALTLRAM PARTEIN.

THE MEANING OF THE BADGE. DEAR SIR,

From the time of joining St. John's Brigade I have been puzzled to know the meaning of the badge on my buttons. It was the "Cross of Malta" but no further explanation could I get, the of the Lion and Unicorn, duplicated, diagonally opposIte IS as great as ever.

The heraldic representation of a unicorn is "An animal with a horse's body and a single straight horn, lion's tail and a goat's beard. The St. John s Unicorn has no beard in none of the old prints showing the cross have I found animals where then did the beardless unicorn with the perky strut and the cheerio lion creep into the badge !

Page 23 of the 36th Edition of the" Black Book" our Badge (?) is clearly shown. The four arms of the cross have concave sides. If your readers who have "The Order of St. John" by W: H. F!ncham will turn to plate 19, they will find, 10 the portraIt of Thomas Docwra-a cross with quite floral sweeps and no lllles. On the same plate SIr Richard Shelley-has a cross WIth perfectly straight lines and no curves both these worthy gentlemen lived in the sixteenth century' In still older prints some crosses have curves and straight lines-again, the bifurcated arms seem to vary considerably in the depth of the branches.

Originally, I should suggest the cross was a geometrical pattern or perhaps what is now known as as a Chladnfsa meaning was afterwards fitted to correspond with he mllltary, naval and hospital work in which our order excelled, not forgetting the lofty religious idealism of the knighthood.

"At the ceremonial admission of a knight (I am quoting Mr. W. H. Fincham ) he was told by the Grand Master that the four arms of badge represented the Christian virtues. .1 ustlce, Fortitude, and the points, the, elght ,beatItudes whlch spring from those virtues: and its whIteness IS the emblem of that purity of life required in those who,fight for the defence of the Christian faith and live for the service of the poor and suffering, "

AID.- December, I92C).

The eight beatitudes would thus appear to be-I, Poverty; 2, Sympathy; 3, Humility; 4, Righteousness; 5, Mercy; 6, Purity; 7, Peacemaking; 8, Slandered.

It would seem the Knight had eight ceremonies per · formed He was given-I, A sword hilt 2, A cross hilt; 3, Was struck 3 times; 4, He wiped his sword; 5, Put on spurs; 6, Took a taper (baptism); 7, Had to hear mass; 8, Was given a mantle, All these things were symbolic and the meaning cIeady explained to the Knight.

The figure Eight was carried out in every possible way. The Knight was baptized in an octagonal font; Eight being specially associated with Resurrection and RegeneratlOn of which baptism was the symbol.

The number Eight is the Dominical number of Our Lord; Eight is the number meaning, a new beginning, a new era, a new order.

When the great warriors of St. John went forth into the highways of P'llestine against the Musslliman warriors, no doubt the robbers found a new order had indeed begun.

The Eight pointed cross and the uplifted sword might have read to them (Exodus xxi. 23-25) t-I, Life for a life; 2, Eye for an eye; 3, Tooth for a tooth; 4, Hand for a hand; 5, Foot for a foot; 6, Burning for a burning; 7, Wound for a wound; 8, Stripe for a stripe.

This is mentioned, because everyone may put their own interpretation upon the cross.

The compilers of the" Black Book" make the eight points read-I, Observation ; 2, Tact; 3, Resource; 4, Dexterity; 5, Explicitness; 6, Discrimination; 7, Perseverance; 8, Sympathy.

Having examined many old prints, nowhere did I find a surround to the Cross.

In the 36th Edition there is shown an upper and a lower twisted ribbon encircling the cross, which is apparently intended by the designer to act as a mnemon ic contrivance to point out qualifications of a first aider. The 29 Rules of the Knights Hospitallers made a strong point of the cross won on the breast" as a symbol of the true cross upon which Christ suffered.

A Badge should be a distinctive badge of a knight or a symbol of membership of a society, if it be allowed to undergo a process of addition or subtraction at the fancy or interpretation of writers, what then becomes of the traditions of our ancient and honourable order.

The device on page 23 of the 36th Edition is entitled.

The Eight pointed Ambulance Cross and not the St. John's Badge therefore I may fairly be accu!:>ed of carping criticlsm.

The distinction between an Ambulance Cross and a St. John's Cross savours of what in political circles would be called " Coalition."

If the readers of FIRST AID,with a knowledge of Heraldry could give a detailed description and a correct explanation of our badge, it would be greatly appreciated by many members of the brigade.

T. W. H.

Owing to pressure on space, several letters are held over until next issue.-EDITOR, "F.A."

F OR SALE.-Two Cloaks (regulation St. John) and four Bonnets, or would exchange for Coats and Hats. What offers ?-Lady Supt. Bath Nursing Division, 15, J ohnstonestreet, Bath.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up ne above CGurses at once.

A member Of S.J.A.B. writes :_CC I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instructien received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.E.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDEN, Sec., Westminster Cellege (Lady Dispense!: Seetion of the Westminster College of Cbemi9try and Pharmacy, estc. 1874) 112, St. (Jeorlte's Road, Soutbwark. LODdoa.

December, 19 20 -"lkST

Prescribed with Confidence

You can prescribe Hall's Wine with confidencebecause of its . . . IntrInSIC the viorth it has gained sU ;Jport of medical men. everywhere.

I ts high restor a tive value h a s been proved over and over again ; medical men throughout the c o untry are using it daily with gr a tifyin g success, both as a pr e ventative of serious illness in run down conditions and as a mo s t e ffi cie nt aid in conv a lescenc e

In Ancemia, Nervous Disorders and general want of tone Hall s Wine is a thoro ugly dependable restorative , and hundreds of doctors h '-L ve testified to the great benefit p a tients derive from it.

A PROVEN REMEDY

EVERYBODY knows that IODEX is exc e ll e nt for chilblains, both br o k e n a nd unbrok e n, but the following meth o d r)f using it i s worth noting.

Wh e n th e chilbl a ins are unbr o k e n, pl a c e th e affe cted part in water as hot as can be bo rne for a few minutes.

Th e n dab dry with a towel, and gently rub in a littl e IODEX until its colour disappears. Broken chilblains sr.ould be lightly bound up with a liberal dr e ssing of IODE X which should b e chan ge d b o th night and morning

Ob t ain able from all Clzemis t s MENLEY & JAMES, Ltd., 64, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E C.1.

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FULL PARTICULARS FROM THE ASEPTO BANDAGE CO., 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4.

TROPICAL

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.I\LG., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.II.(Lond. Knight of Grace of SL John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser·i·IIind :Y1edalist, Barrister·at·Law, Asst.-Commissioner St. John

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

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AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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Tltzs book wonderfully stnzj>lz/ies a complex subject and should De read b1l ali students."-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

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In Study, Treatmen.t and Examination solved for Senior Students WztltOut doubt the book wzll be 0/great service in tlte training 0/ those for whom it is designed. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. Post free, 9d. Orderly Duties Simplified Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. A compact brochure whlch contains much useful in/ormation.PRESCRIBER.

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THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING

By THEKLA BOWSER. • Illustrated. Post free, IS. 3d.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

THIRD EDITION.

Contractors to the St. dohn Ambulance Brigade.

SPECIALISTS IN UNIFORmS

Manufacturers of every description of Uniform Clothing and Equipment FOR ALL RAN K ' S. Jackets, Trousers Great Coats, Caps: Belts, Gloves, Haversacks, Waterbottles, etc.

Estimates and Samples on request. 16, NILE STREET, CITY ROAD, LON DON, N.l., and at 6, YORK PLACE, LEEDS 84, MILLER STREET, GLASGOW.

By J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G" C.I.E., D.S.O" M.D (I ) POlsonmg,. (2) Hremorrhage, Ime.nsibility, (4) A5phyxia Breathmg), (5) Fractures, Sprains, (6) Wound s, Bites, Burns,. Scalds, and .Mmor InJunes. The Series contain s all the essentials of FlI'st .-\Id. PrInted on linen-lined cards, 3t" x 6d. nett ea ch; postage zd. extra. -

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS

By NOEL D. M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P .• Fscp. 8vQ. lImp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d. JOHN BALE. SONS &. DANIELSSON Ltd 83-91, Great Tltcbfield Stpeet, London, w:i.

---

S J A B

Officers Regulation Great Coats. Dark

• .• • • Grey cloth, to measure, £3 ISIS. 6d. QuotatIOns for o.ther eqUlpment on application. Vv'rite fo r patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

FOR SALE, a of Ambulance Uniform. Trousers, all qUlte new, J6s. 6d. a pair.-Thornton and Co., 24, CommerCial-street, Brighouse.

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

TtJ oe cut (Jut and enclosed wt'th (tIl Queries ' DEC., 1920.

FIRST A - AND THE

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by AR.THUR. B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 38. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 0, Ambulanc,e Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and l'eports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the Izth of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily 101" 1Jublication) by the name and address of the Co rrespondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and otlier business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegraph':c Address __ "Twentv-/our, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

One wonders if so many who appear apathetic to the work, realise the innumerable opportunities for good which offer, for example, in the streets of London, and the following statement may prove of interest and, perhaps, furnish a useful argument for some who are trying to add recruits to the ambulance ranks.

To-day one hears much of the motor car-the price of cars, the speed, and so on-and one wonders how many persons realise the vast increase in street accidents in the Metropolis alone since the general advent of motor traffic. In the year 1905 the number of persons killed in London streets was 172, and the number injured T,688. In 19 10 th ese figures incresed to 388 and 17,560 respectively, and another five years, i.e., in 19 [5, no fewer than 847 persons were killed and 26,487 injured, an increase in fatalities in ten years approaching 400 per cent. ! ! The figures for more recent years will be more or less familiar, and the usual practice of comparing each year with its immediate predec essor does not adtCJuately measure the growth of accidents as when one looks back over a decade.

Ambulance Work and a New Year.

THE dawn of a New Year finds ambulance work slowly taking its proper place-gradually assessed at its full and proper value in our scheme of things-but only gradually. It is true that the advantages of a first aid trainin g are being more and more recognised in our large Ind ustrial undertakings, still much more remains to be done in this direction; but the temporary depression in tr ade is, doubtles!1, to some extent responsible, and when thin gs are more settled and new enterprises get into full swi ng, 1here are indications that ambulance work will, in goo d time"have a proper standing in our factory and worksho p life.

The concern, however, of the ambulance class secretarie s, etc., to-day is more with the "man in the stre e t" who , if he has ever tahn up the work, has put aside his am bulance interests since the cessation of hostilities, and it is these men-and women-who we are all anxious to see again, taking a full part, in the great work which has for its object the provision of skilled assistance in times of accident, in order to alleviate human suffering and, may be, save a fellow's life.

How these extraordinary figures are to be reduced is a matter for those responsible for our :-oads and the control of road traffic, but it is apparent that traffic will become more congested as time goes on, and particularly when massed production gets into its stride and the small car comes within reach of the masses-and we are told that that day is not so far distant!

Let the man who has "no time for ambulance work" reflect on these figures. If they mean anything at all they mean that any day he may have the opportunity to render valuablc skilled assistance to one of his fellows, in an emergency, on his way to or from business or a place of amusement. Will he give up a few hours weekly to acquire the training which will enable him to be of such assistance, or will he leave to others, and then have to stand aside, useless, on some occasion, when a little first aid knowledge would e nable him to alleviate another's suffering and possibly save a human life?

If one is looking for aNew Year's resolution, one which will make of him, or her, a better man or woman, let that person resolve to take a course of ambulance training early in 19 21 and so become equipped to

act usefully intelligently for the good of humanity when crises occur, as they do so frequently occur, in this modern town life of ours. With so many travellers there is a need of many "Good Samaritans," and the better the latter are trained the more valuable will be their services to the un fortunates.

The Venom of Septic Injuries.*

By ALEXR M. ANDERSON.

BEWARE OF SIIIALL WOUNDS, PUNCTURES AND SCRATCHES

THE necessity for prompt, dficient aid in accident or injury needs no argument.

"First Aid" teachts that the immediate dangers arising from wounds are (I) loss of blood, (2) the entrance of infection-with the consequent risk of "blood poisoning" and (3) shock.

The" first-aider" invariably pays reason a ble attention to (I) .(3), but, from the num ber of septic wounds still met with It would appear that in (2) insufficient care is taken in the prevention of that grave disease commonly known :l.S " blood poisoning."

It is obvious that the mine worker cannot always keep hIS hands clean and, consequently, he is liable to have a cut or scratch contaminated by one or more of the disease germs of inflammation, erysipelas, gangrene, lock Jaw, and an army of other organisms too numero?s to mention. A prick from a frayed wired rope or a pm, or a scratch from a piece of rock when not properly for may be followed by inflammation, etr.., which will dIsable the worker for a considerable time.

In many recent cases these seemingly slight injuries have followe.d by amputations of fingers, hands, and even lImbs; and In some cases it has been worse still and death been the direct result. It must be remembered that mme water and dirt.is most poisonous, and !he utmost care must be ImmedIately taken if any of it gets Into a wound.

is usually the re.sult (a) lack of treatment, (b) delay In treatment, or (c) IneffiCIent treatment.

(a) Lack of treatment may be due to lack of material, ?ut It very frequently happens that the tiny cut or scratch IS treated as .a of no importance, and the worker reckons It IS ChlldlslJ to ask for a dressing for a simple scratch" WIth n.ot even a drop of blood in sight."

(b) D.elay.m treatment is often due to the ignorant Idea that It WIll soon be "knocking off" time, and the hands ca? then ?e washed before applying a dressiug, or dresslOg statIOn may be some distance away, and "it Isn't worth the trouble."

(c) Inef;ficient .treatment is invariably the result of carelessness 10 keepIng of first-aid boxes, where dressings, etc., are kept together, or through applying IO.dme (With a swab that done duty for months) from a bottle. that IS never corked. In the latter case It IS qUite ObVIOUS that much foreign matter gains access t? the "Iodine"; that such treatment is the means of causmg and not preventing septic wounds, and that

• From a pamphlet published by the Accidents Committee, Rand Mutual Assurance Co., Ltd., Johannesburg.

AID. - January, 1921.

under such circumstances wounds would fare infinitely better if left to the protection afforded by nature.

One of the chief principles of first aid is "prevention of fur.ther injury," and the immediate alJplication of a clean dreSSIng to. a matter how small-not only conforms to thIS pnncIple, but ensure.s every chance of a satisfactory result in such an injury.

The efficient treatment of an injnry has not only a POSItive effect but a most important influence on the subsequent result of the case.

In a wound, as in case of fire, the first few moments are the most important.

The time that elapses between the occurrence of an aCCident and the application of first-aid treatment is of even more importance than the period between the s'tart of a fire and the arrival of the fire brigade. In the case of the latter a building may be in danger, but this can be replaced 10 the former a human life is at stake. attention is most necessary, but more so the ?f such attention. The dressing must be aseptIC, or surgically clean-the sort of dressing that, while less elaborate. could be used by the surgeon at a major operation in the hospital.

In to bat septic wounds every mine worker be 10 possessIOn of a .• First Aid Packet" contain109 .aseptic (or antiseptic) dressing which can be readily anyone. .As facilities for washing hands are mvanably absent, the next best thing is not to handle the wound, except for the removal of obvious foreign bodies, but to apply the dressing straight to the wound.

In rendering" first aid," wounds should not be washed except under special circumstances, or where skilled help is available.

If you apply. iodine-see that it is clean. A piece of wood, half the thickness of.a pencil, with a plug of clean cotton-wool on the pomt, IS an excellent medium for swabbing wounds.

The plu'g of wool need only be small and should be destroyed when finished with; a fresh plug being used with each wound.

d Kee P d you.r first aid boxes clean; your iodine clean ; an .ressmgs clean. Apply clean dressings promptly to all mJunes, no matter how small and you will be well insured against septic wounds.

The first anuual competition for the East Ham and Inter-District Shield was won by East Ham 2921 with Barking second, 26r, Beckton third 260 and' West' Ham fO:1rth with 243 "

E

THE "WILLIAM HEYWOOD" SHIELD AND MEDALS.

- The competition for the "William Heywood" Shield will take place on Saturday, April 23rd, 192 I, commencing at 2 p. m., at the Polytechnic, Regent-street, London, W.

The competition is open to all men holding a First Aid T.eams to consist of 5 men (one to act as patient). PartIculars of and rules governing the competition may be had on application to Mr. J. Robertson Copland, 63, Hilldrop-crescent, London, N.7, or at the Polytechnic Annexe, College of Ambulance, 56, Queen Annestreet, London, W.1. A stamped addressed envelope should be sent for reply. Application should be made without delay, by letter.

January, 19 21 -FIRST

3'he Grand of the Order of thc }tospital of St. john of jerusalem in f;nglugd.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

-3'he St. john .Ambulance Stigade.

No. Distrkt COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

DISTRICT ORDERS ..

AID - 99

three yea.rs may, at the discretion of the Commissioner of the Dlstnct, be placed.on.a" Special Reserve, for a period of three years, each Dlstnct to have its own Reserve. member to pay five shillings a year, WIll go to the District funds; the member to be avaIlable for duty in uniform in cases of local emergency. At the end of three years on the Reserve the memo ber to be re-examined, and if desired to be to contmue on that Rp.serve.

( Signed ) JAMES R. ANDR EW CLARK, Colonel, Chief Commissioner. (Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL.

January, 19 2 1.

S unday, 6th.-No. 30 Division, East London. " " 13th. -No. 33 TIermondsey and Walworth. 20th.-No.37 G.W.Ry. 27th.-No.38 L.B. & S.C.Ry., Victoria.

Duty from 2-30 pm., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. Gate at 2 p.m. NEW DIVISIONS.

The following new Division has been formed :-No. (B orough of Ealing Division ), Mr. F. W. Clifford in charge. )

CORRESPONDENCE TO HEADQUARTERS.

There seems to be a misunderstanding amongst some Di visions of Brig:ade as to the proper course to be adopted m correspondmg WIth headquarters. Attention is therefore ca lled to Bri gade Regulations, page 13, para. 36. I t will be se en that all communications to headquarters must be made by th e superintendent or officer in charge of a Division to the COITJmlssioner, and all such ccrrespondence must be signed by hi m. Application for blank forms, however, should be made di rect to headquarters by the secretal y of a Division.

CHANGES OF RAN K.

The attention of Divisional Officers is called to B.O. 37 2 .)7 3 and 374, regarding change of title of officers and members of Nursing Divisions, and the creation of new ranks of S ergeant-Major and Staff-Sergeant. Officers will kindly see chat the necessary changes in title are made on their fo rms, etc.

RE-EXAMI NATION S.

The attention of officers and members in charge of D ivisi ons is again called to B.O. 305, which states that the number of members in the Division must be stated in the letter of a pplication to headquarters by the Divisional Officer. Unless th is is done, insuffiCIent forms may be sent both to the Examin · ing Surgeon and the Officer DIVISIONAL FORMS AND BOOKS.

The Commissioner will be glad if officers and members in charge of Divisions will see that their divisional returns and books are submitted to headquarters as early as possible. T his is a matter which should receive prompt attention, in order that the returns and books may be checked. Applicati ons for Service Badges cannot be considered until the r eturns are received at headquarters.

BRIGADE MEMBERSHIP AND SPECIAL RESERVE.

The following communication has been received from the Chief Cemmissioner ;.December 30th, 1920.

The Earl of Plymouth, Sub-Prior, acting on behalf of the Grand Prior, has approved the following recommendations of t he Chapter General, held on December 17th, 1920

(a) The candidates for admission as members of the t. John Ambulance Brigade must not be less than 18 years of age.

(b) That members of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade who have rendered exceptional services for a period of not less than

The first annual general meeting of the Hosp itallen.' Club formed to pmmote social intercourse between officers of Ambulance Di.visions of the Prince of Wale s' s Corps, St. John Ambulance BrIgade was hel d on Fri.day even ing, January 14th.

After the accounts for 1920, whIch showed a substantial balance in had been adopted, Mr. \V. R. Magnus was elected PreSIdent and Mr. H. Langley Jones Vice-President for 1921. Capt. Cooper and Mr. Burton were re-elected Hon. Trea:;urer and Hon. Secretary respectively. Messrs. Perry, Sebnght and Statham were elected as Comm ittee, and Messrs. Butcher and Hamburger were re-elected auditors. Most hearty votes of thanks were accorded to officials committee and auditors for their services during the year. Several new members joined the Club. I t was announced that another Club dinner would take place on 9th April ne xt.

No. I (ST. JOHN ' S GATE ) AN D No. 6 (C\' CLI ST) DI VISION S.

-The annual Social Evening was well attended by men lbers and friends on Wednesday, January 12th. A most excellent musical programme was provided, and a very amusing competition took place during the evening, the lad les and gentlemen's pr izes for same (kindly given by Major Mather ) being awarded by vote. The presence of the Commissioner of the District, and his speech, ",as much appreciated by the member;.

No. 4 District.

ROCHDALE.-Lady Royds and Mrs. Walter Tweedale, J. P., have paid into the funds of the Borough Education Committee the sum of £6q-£ 307 each-for the purpose of endowing a scholarship for mus ic, to be named "The Rochdale St. John Ambulance Hospital SL.hoJarship " It is founded to commemorate the work so generously performed by the voluntary staff, men and women, of the hospital during the five years of the great war.

The first examination for the scholarship was held on December 22nd, in the Examination Hall of the Secondary School, Rochdale, and awarded to J os. Rossiter, baritone vlJcalist, an ex-service man, who commenced his studies at the Royal Manchester College of l\lus ic , January 3rd

No. 12 (Irish) District.

\Ve have received a copy of the War Record of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the British Red Cross Society in Leinster, Munster and Connaught hI' the years 19 14-1 9 18 Quite apart from the magnificent production of the record, which is profusely illuslrated, it gives full detaIls concern ing the various activites in which the joint societies were engaged during the war. I is surprising, in taking the ratio between the population of the three Provinces and Great Britain, wh ich is as I to 15, and in respect to I t? 28, and aggregatmg the entire effort of the three Provmces 1D finanCIal value, and by way of personal service, it is doubtful if any part of the British Empire contributed more

Although we cannot deal 1D detail .Wlt? the record, we strongly recommend all members of the distrIct to purchase a copy, for it form a memento of the splendId work done by them or theIr colleagues dUrIng the war.

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

DECEMBER, 1920.

The Chie f Commi-ssioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRH\'CE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 47 (Fi nsbury ) Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Miss A.

M. Tuck transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9. 12 .20.

No. 73 (Grays) Division.-Pte. Thomas Jones to be Ambulance Officer, 16. 2.20.

No. 58 (London) Post Office Division -Harold Vernon

Prynne, C.B.E., D.S.O., F.R.C.S., L. R.C.P., to be Honorary President, 16.12.20, vice Dr. J. Sinclair resigned.

No. 22 (Hos pital Saturday Fund) Division.-Sergt. Richard Alexander Smith to be Ambulance Officer: 14. 12 20

No. 33 (B ermondsey and Walworth) Division.-Sergt. Alfred J. Birks to be Ambulance Officer, 15.12.20.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Reading (G.W.R.) Division. -H oel Parry Price, M.R.C.S., L R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.12.20.

Alverstoke Division. -S ergt. Harold Read to be Ambulance Officer, 14.12.20. _

Reading Division.-Sergt. Frederick William Coppuck to be Ambulance Officer, 24.12.20.Sergt. James \Vinterbourne to be Ambulance Officer, 25. 12 20

Sergt. Henry Thomas Allaway to be Ambulance Offi c er, 26.12.20.

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Corps Surgeon George St. Johnston, M.D., M. R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be County Surgeon for Birmingham, 24 12.20.

Dudley and District Corps.-Corps Surgeon J. H. Wilkinson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 30 12.20.

Corps Supt. G. N.' Raybould transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 20.4.20.

N.E Warwickshire Corps (N llneaton Division).-DivislOnal Surgeon Dr. Cullen resigned, 2 I. 12.20.

Malvern Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Miss A. to be Lady Divisional Supt, 24. I I. 20, vice Mrs. Wilson reSigned.

N.E. Warwickshire C(:HPS (Th;ee Spires Nursing DivislOn).-Charles Edmund Rice, M.D., L.M.S.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21. 12.20.

Dudl.ey and District Corp.; ( Dudley Division).-Vivian Gray Maitland, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 14.12.20. NO.4 DISTRICT.

Burnley Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Mary Armitage Green to be Lady Div isional Supt., 18.12.20.

Darwen Ambulance Division.- Corpi. Joseph Henry Preston to be Ambulance Office, 14. 12.20r.

Accrington Corps. -C orps Officer Walter Henry Bullock to be Corps Supt., J 1.12.20.

Tottington Nursing Division.-- James Leach, M.B., Ch.B., L.M.S.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, I6 12.20. NO.5 DISTRICT.

Hanley and District Corps (Wolstanton Division).Alfred to be Ambulance Officer, 23. 12 .20. , Corps (Oxenhope Division).- John Howley to be DIVISional Supt., 17.12.20.

Dewsbury and District Corps. -Ambulance Office r William Ledgard to be Corps Offi:er, 15,12.20.

North Bi'erley Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer Mi ss A. Tetley resigned, 15.12.20.

Nottingham Corps (Bulwe ll Division).-Ambulance Offic er T. Sale resigned, 15 12.20.

Chesterton Division. --Pte. John Thomas Rowley to be Ambulance Officer, 3,12.20.

Shipley and District Corps (Y eadon Division).-Serg t. B. Dawson to be Ambulance Officer, 29. 11.20.

Goole Division.-Sergt. Arthur A. Bramham to be Amb u lance Officer, 4. 2.20. NO.6 DISTRICT.

Lt.-Col. Lancelot Robson. C.M.G., D.S.O" T.D" V D ., D.L., to be District Officer, 18.12.20. No.8 DISTRICT.

Borough of Reigate Corps.-Divisional Supt. Edw in Ernest Heesom, L.D.S.R.C.S., to be Corps Sup., 27. 12.20

Borough of H.eigate Corps (Redhill Division).-Dalton Mallam, M.R.C.S., L. R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon , 23. 12 20.

Brighton and Hove Corps (Brighton Police Division ).Henry Fellingham to be Divisional Supt., 11.12.20.

Guildford Corps.-James Racine to be Corps Officer I. 12.20.

Dover Divis ion. - Divisional Surgeon A. B. McMaste r transferred from Crewe D ivision, NO.4 District, 15. 12 2 0. No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ware Division.-John Arthur Bell, M.B , B.S., M.R.C.S ., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9. 12.20.

Ipswich Corps.-Miss Williamson, F.R.C.S.I., to be Corp s Surgeon, 20 ,1220.

Ipswich Corps (Orwell Works Division).-Stanley Hoyland, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon 20.12.20.

Ipswich Corps ( First Division).-Eric M.R.C.S ., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surg eOIl, 20.12.20.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Ashford Station Division. - Divisional Secretary and Hon Sergt. J. P. Flavin to be Ambulance Officer 13. 12 20 North Kent Division.-Sir H. Wood, M.P., to be Honorary Vice-Presid ent, 10.12.20.

E. G. Dixon, Esq., J.p., to be Honorary Vice-President , 22.12.20.

Hastings Division.-William E. Peck, M.B., M.R.C.S. , L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 24.12.20.

Aldershot Division.-Col. Sir Arthur Mayo Robson KB E., C.B., C. V.O., &c., to be Honorary President: 22.12 .20

The Viscount vVolmer, M.P., to be Honorary Vice-President, 22.12.20.

Ashford Works Division.-Dr. Gray, M.D., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 22.12.20.

Pte. George Henneker to be Ambulance, Officer, 22.12.20.

NEW DIVISIONS, &c. Divisions sanctioned and disbanded: No. DISTRICT.

Millwall Section, No. 7 Toynbee Hall Division.-Renamed" Poplar" Section, 15. 12 20

No. 85 (Borough of Ealing) Division.-Sanctioned 22.12.20.

January 19 2 1. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- IOI

No.8 DISTRICT.

, \Voodchurch Division.- Disbanded, 21.12.20.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Th e Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem England.

Chancery of the Order, Sf. fohn'S Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., fan. Jtlz, I9 2I

The King has been pleased to sanction. the foll owing promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand.Pno:y of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem 10 Enland:-

As J(niglzts of /ust£cc (from Knight of Grace) ; Sir Ivor Philipps, KC.B., D S.O" M.P.

Fra nCIS Edwm Rosher. , As Kniglzts of Grace.'

Si.r Edward Napier Burnett, KB E., M.D., F.R.C.S.Ed., F.R.C.P.Ed.

He nry Peter Hansell, C.V.O. (from Esquire).

,i·ls Ladies of Grace.

Em ma Eleanor, Mrs. Williams of Miskin. Charlotte Leonora, Lady Cooper.

As Esquire:

Ma jor Arthur Joseph Atkinson, M. B.E.

As Honorary Serving Brothers:

George Se ed.

Alfr ed Snape. Edgar Trounson. Alb ert Robertsh:lw. vre derick Wallis.

Art huc Rowbottom. George Severn. As Honorary Serving- St'sters :

Ni na, Miss Hill. Ldian Edith, Miss Mawby.

Ivl in nie, Mrs. Farmer.

J-I enrietta, Mrs. Edwards, R.R.C. As Honorary Associates.'

D ouglas William Anderson Bull, M.D.

l{ enneth Harold Beverley, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

['r ank Marriott, L.S.A.

Wi nstan St. Andrew St. John, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Ca ptain Innes Dick, M.B., R.A.M.C.(T.F.R. ).

W illiam Elmshe Henderson, M.B., D.P.H.

M abel Emily, Mrs. Wood.

Our readers will be interested to hear that our contr ibutor Colonel R. J. Blackham, c.B., C.M.G., C.I.E, D. S.O., has just been awarded the Legion of Honour for di stinguished services to the French Army during the war. In addition to five mentions in despatches this makes the ei ghth war honour which Colonel Blackham has received for his services on five fronts. This" Giant of First Aid" - as he was described by one of our reviewers--has now se ttled in London and is in residence in Gray's Inn.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

THE num ber of members posted for December to Ministry of Pensions and Naval Hospitals is 34i of these 3 I members were posted to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals. Applications by V.A.D. for free passages to the Dominions in connection with the Overseas Settlement Scheme numb,:;r 835.

We regret to say that Commandant Miss MacSwinney, O.B.E., has relinquished her post as Officer in Charge of the General Service Section at 19, Berkeley-street, after years' service on the Headquarter Staff. Miss MacSwinney will be missed bv her colleagues and by all the General S:=rvice members, amongst whom she is so well known. Miss Inness, R.R.C., who has been in charge of the Foreign Section of the General Service Section has also been obliged to resign h er appointment in order to give her whole time to her Nursing Home at Margate. Miss Inness has had charge of the Foreign Section sinc e its inception, and will also be much missed.

The Joint Nursing and V.A.D. Committee of the United Service Fund reports that they have purchased 24 and 26, Earls-avenue, Folkestone, as a Home for exservice nurses and V.A.D. members. It IS hoped to open this home in the early spring, and: it should prove a very popular holiday resort.

It is with deep regret that we have to announce the death of V.A.D. Nursing Member Miss Kathleen C. F. Bennett, which took place on December 16th at Bournemouth, of tuberculosis, contracted on duty at the Bath War Hospital, where Miss Bennett h!ld served for three years.

First Aid in Industry.

CORPS SUPT F. LOl\lAX of Bolton, in a special interview with the" Bolton Journal and Guardian," which we reprint below, shows how the of the town are as near perfection as It IS pOSSible to get them.

I. We have practically an trained ambulance man or woman in every street in the town."

That sounds such a large order that I called on Mr. Lomax, writes the" J oumal and Guardian " to inquire actually what it meant, he began. thIS way; "Well I don't think you can mentIOn a street In Bolton, from I could not give you the name and address of a certificated St. John student, and in many cases two or three."

"That means then practically every aCCIdent or casualty that occurs, is within call of a St. John man or woman ?, I queried.

"Exactly, and I could give you many of how it operates. Not very ago, one of our dl VlSlons was awaiting the doctor comIng for a lecture when a worn.an knocked at the door to inquire if he was there, as her child had met with an accident. An ambulance man looked at the child's arm, which was pr?perly bound, and who had put on the temporary sphnts and bandages. Oh, Soand-So next door to where 1 live. You see he's a St. John man' "

'1 wondered how many persons in and the neighbouring townships Farnworth,. Westhoughton, etc., are qualified to render FlTSt Ald. Lomax says that there have been over 30,000 certIficate and

medallion-holders, and reckoning the hundreds of men and women who learned First Aid through other agencies in thr; war, thc;re must be many more than that. To-day Mr. L'Jmax estimates there must be approximately 25,000 people in Bolton and district qualified to render First Aid. We know what the staffs at the Fire Stations are capable of doiog; theirs is a splendid work for humanity with up-todate motor ambulance-cars and thoroughly qualif.ed men. Then, of cours", every policeman is a First Aid man, prepared at all to relieve pain and suffering. In additioT! large numbers of Bolton shop assistants and employees at the gas and electricity works have gone through the course and qualified for certificates, and senior of scouts and bngades are able to deal with casualties and accidents.

The St. John Association have now a junior course of instruction for young people between 13 and r6, pnd on examim.tion they may qualify for a special certificate. This differed somewhat from the senior examination, but the course enables the students to deal with sprains and bruises, cuts and minor accidents in a very useful fashion. The Bolton L:tds' Club have a class which is attracting many bright young fellows to this valuable work.

Perhaps the most interesting phase of the work just now is thd.t which inaugurates ambulance s e rvicts in big works and mills, and I was particularly drawn to consider the great human strides in what Mr. Lomax tells me.

The work was first associated, he said, with the mErcantile marine, and the Navy, of course, has its sick berth reserves. All officers have to hold ambulance qualifications. Then the Government saw the necessity of First Aid provision in mines, and we need no reminding of the immense sf.Tvice to their fellows that has been done by the rescue teams at the collieries, both in time of fire and disaster and in less serious cases. But there are other industries where accidents small and otherwise are constantly occurring and whl;!re an efficic.nt First Aid service cannot but be of extreme value in relieving suffering and indeed, in saving life. Ironworks come under this head, and all Bolton's ironworks and engineering shops have their groups of splendid fellows always prepared to come to the help of the injured.

Most Bolton cotton mills have similar serviCes, but now sever::tl t.mploy qualified men or women nurses to and we hav e heard reports of the splendid proVISion made by firms like Messrs. Tootal Broadhurst Lee Company and the Howe Bridge Spinning Co., Ltd., in medical and services.

There has been a very inte resting development at Messrs. Henry within the last couple of years, a!1 d recently the of showed their appreCiatIOn .as well as their Interest in th e work by presentmg the mem bers of theIr Ambulance D",ision with the St. John Medallion in solid gold, Col. C J. Trim ble C.B, C MG., V.D., Commissioner for the Division, coming over to make the presentations. He also handed a gold medallion to Sergt. J. Turner of the Bolton Corps,. also r.eceived a cheque as a personal tribute of apprecIation of hiS efforts as instructor to the classes.

A course of arranged to assist students studyIng for the exammatlOns of Women Health Visitors and Child Welfare Workers will commence on Ii'riday, February 1 th, at 6 p m , at the Royal Sanitary Institute, 9 0 , BucklOgham P S. W. I. Full particulars of the course can be from E. White Wallis, Esq, F.S S., ?ecretary and Daector, Royal Sanitary Institute, 9 0 , Buckmgham Palace-road, S. W. I.

S\'actical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases- with spuial refenmct 10 /{ood and bad -!Joints ill Treatmellt- or illriusio1J in this CO!1I1JI1I

FOREIGN BODY IN THROAT.

Not long ago I saw a child (aged J8 months) who exh ibited signs of partial asphyxia. Acting on my advice, th e mother took the child to hospital where the doctors diagnose d diphtheria, the membrane of which was evidently obstructin g the throat. This opinion held good until the child died, whe n at post-mortem examination a piece of walnut shell was foun d in the infants' throat. -E. C, Cardiff.

FOREIGN BODY IN NO S E.

A neighbour .asked f!1e recen.tly about her little girl's nos e, had been discharging for SIX Out of curiosity 1 examined the nose and was able to discern some foreign bod y high up. therefore advised the mother to consult her docto r, who removed a swollen and decomposed pea. The histOi y subsequently obtained proved that thiS had clearly been stu ck into the nostril eight weeks previously, and was the caLIse of obstruction and also of discharge.-B. M., Bristol.

FOREIGN BODY IN EAR.

A farf!1er, while walking through a wood, jumped over a tree dlstur.bed nest of bee.s, which rose up all around him Feeling one sting him on the Side o.t the face he h is own ear Immediately conSCIOUS of a low, buzzing, unpleasant nOIse In the ear. As I came up found a friend of the trying to sl?ea.r the bee with a toothpick. I pro tested vigorously and .lnslsted .on the patient seeking, withou t further delay, the adVice of hIS doctor, who syringed the ea J and so removed a small, half-drowed bee with immediate relief of symptoms to patient. -A _ B., Covent'ry.

MULTIPLE RESCUES FROM DROWNIN G

A postman, walking along a country lane near a rive r was stan led by screams. When he reached the river bank a remarkable scene presented itself. Near the riverside a boat in a young girl was standin.g and screaming lustil y help, while woman was 111 a perilous positionIndeed, almost slttmg 111 the water-her hands clutching the side and her feet pressing on the bottom of the boat. Further he saw a hand clinging to the opposite side of the boat.

th.at he 3 pe.rsc:>ns required his help, the postman exercised hiS dISCnmll1atlon." He issued a stern command to the girl to sit down, and gave an encouraging word to the woman, while with a boathook he secured control of the boat. Next, boarding the boat, he quickly rcstored the balance of the old lady and then went to assist the man whose hand he observed on the distant side of the boat. 'Unfortunately hiS efforts to rescue the man were not immediately successful, and. the women, becoming excited, both leaned towards that Side of the boat which promptly turned turtle and threw all three into the water.

Beginning his task of rescue again, the postman quickly got the woman and then dived for the man, whom he unconscIOUS to the bank. Next, Ly efficient treatment qUickly res.tored patient to cOI?-sciousness and completed hiS work by all three patIents to the neighbouring cottage hospItal In a motor-car which was available. Then remembering his .duty toward himself, he ran half a mile to his horne, removed wet clothes, had a hot bath, and was none the worse for hIS most remarkable adventure.-H. A. C N orthampton.

January, 19 2 1.

-FIRST

Hampstead Il Efficiency n Competition.

THE following detailed marking sheet is a novel one, is interesting because it shows pr. Corbe.t Fletch.er 10 a Divisional Individual Competition examIned zvztlzout assistance 9 candidates in 90 minutes! The scheme evolved to meet the objections of members to belOg exa mined in First Aid by lay instructors to the necessary tests within a reasonable time and wlthout see king further professional aid.

The candidates on arrival were collected 10 a room whe re they were given a cO lining 4 questions

The y were then summoned in batclzes of three to roo m where each man was allotted to one of 3 patIents acco mpanied by his "assistant "-the time for practical test heing strictly limited to IS minutes. ThIS done, they passed on singly to another wh e re doctor rapi dly examined each candidate on hIS questlOos; the n, acting the part of the house. surge?n hospItal, cate chised patient, candidate and zndlVzdztally and wllectively whereby he obtain:? a clear pictur e of what had act ually been done for the patIent.

TEST.

This morning at 6 a.m., when you are 30 yards above th.e paper shop at end Willoughby-ro.ad, you com.e thIS yo ung man who has started on r<?und dell\:enng newspap ers in a heavy ramstorm. He IS. lymg on hiS back palpably suffering from shock and co:uplams he get I1p because of pain in the of h IS hiS nght ankle. You notice also that he 1'5 not movmg hiS nght arm th ere is some swelling of his right elbow, the sleeve of whIch IS dam p with blood. The High-street is. empty except for one ma n who comes up and offers help Just as you reach the pati ent.

N.B.-You are warned that you must treat the patient as in actual eJlte1xency and that the Judge will not meet you until your treatment is concluded.

QUESTIONS TO PATIENT.

1. Did he ask ho,"· accident occurred?- Yes, and told him that slipped and hurt my back, elbow and ankle .., ..: ?'"

2. Did he alter your position hefore askmg questIons.No - "'

3. Did he ask if your shop is also your home ?- Yes, It .IS

4. Did he ask where pain was situate?- Yes,.and I saId some pain in back and ankle; but chief paIn at elbow... ." _..

5. Did he ask you to move legs ?-Ye::, and I d;d when he asked 3

6. Did he warn YOLl to support elbow?- Yes

7. Did he ask leave to slit up coat sleeve ?-Ves, and I refused... .., ,

S. Did he keep your elbow fixed throughout ?-yes

9. Did he ask for appliances?- Yes, and I pomte d out havresac...

10. Did he discover the piece of paper which I fixed on your elbow?

QUESTION'; TO ASSISTANT.

I. Did he ask if you were a First Aider?- Yes, I told him "No"

2. Did 11e act with tact and discrimination throughout?Yes ..,

3. Did he give clear instructions throughout ?-

4. Did he ask about a doctor ?-Yes, I told hIm none available .,. ...".

S. Did he ask about ambulance ?-Yes, and I told blln a taxi would pass at 6.15 a.m. _. .., ..,

3 2 2

QUE STIONS TO CANDIDATE.

What was first thing you did ?-Spokc cheetfully and warned patient keep ql1iet

2. What serious injury did you exclude ?-Fracture of spine ..,

3. How did you exclude the injury ?-Asked pat ient tlY to move legs

4. Did you remove to shop at once ?-Yes ; to get patient out of rain

S. Did you treat b_fore removal? -No special: but warned support ,

6. How did you remo ve him ? -Recu mbent by human stretcher... ..,

7. Wbat injuries did you find? - Compound at elbow; sprained ankle. and suspected bru Ised muscles of back

8. What did you do after treating injuries?- Treated for shock ..,

9. What further action did you take? -Advised removal hospital... .'" .:. ...'

10. How did you remove patient ?-By passmg taxI-cab COMPO UND FRACTURE AT ELBOW

Delay exposure till removal to. shop

Keep patient in recumbent POSItIon

Expose elbow freely by of coat, &c. ."'.

Enquire character and POSItion of wound-(descriptlOn on paper attached inner. sid; of e}bow

Enquire if wound obVIOusly dirty .--:-( No).

Enquire if severe or ?-.No, mere o.oz lng

Enquire if bone VISible ?-(Y es, at mner Side of elbo", )

Keep elbow e xact ly asJound? .'"

Apply antiseptic dreSSing after pamtlng With lod1l1e Cotton wool pad: fix With n.arrow bandag e I right-angled splint"." ..._

Apply to outer side of elb ow With three b:lndages , Large arm-sling...Neatness and efficiency of work

SPRAINED ANKLE.

Exclude wound and hcemorrhage

Do not remove boot - "'. .., Apply b.andage as figure of elg ht Wet after applIcatIOn

Tie foot to foot for support Neatness and efficiency of work

3 A I D.- 10 3

3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3

The members and friends of the Crawshaw booth Division gathered at their headquarters on 28th to unveil a memorial to their five comrades who paId the supreme sacrifice in the Great War.

At the first annual dinner of the Division held last month, Drs. Holmes and Macrmllan were recipients of presentations on behalf. o.f the members m recognition of th e ir to the DIVISIon.

:3 • e

B' kenhead Borough Division recently held a. social for the purposes o_f raising funds to members with n ecessary eqUipment to carryon then wbo 11 t d and we hope as een The gathermg was we suppor Po the means of supplementing the funds

When corresponding with Advertisers p-lea..se mention 61 First Aid .J

104 -FIRST AID. January, 1921.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

Ambulance Work an d a N ew Yea r

The Venom of S ep ti c Injuries

DISTRICT REPORTS-

No. r ; NO. 4; No. r 2

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZET T E-

Official Brigade Gazette

The Grand Pr iory of the Ord e r of the Ho s pit a l of St. John of Jerusalem in England

V.A.D. Notes and N ews

First Aid in Indust ry

PR ACTIC AL POIN TS-

Forei g n Bo d y in Thro a t

Foreign Bo dy in N ose

F ore ig n Bo d y in E a t

Multiple Res cues (ro m Hampstea d " Effi ci en cy" Com p etit ion

Brevities

South-E astern a nd Chath a m A mbul a n ce C entl e

B.O. 385 -Cou nt y O rga n isatio n of the Brigade

The Home Am b ul a n ce S er v ic e

QUERIES AND A N SW ERS TO CO R RESPO N DE NT S -

The A mb ulan ce Cros>

S t ings of Pl a nts a nd Anim al s

Art ifi cia l R es pi ra t ion

Dressin g Ba nd age fo r Shoulder

Small Sil ver St. Jo hn Cross

Tre a tment of

in our editorial columns the New Year opens with brigh t pr ospects. In the Brigade the weeding out progress h"is practically terminat e d and Corps and Divisions are no w getting on a good peace footing. We hope to see goo d results in the coming year.

'***

Brigade Order 385 published in another column wi ll give our readers an idea of how the County Organisatio n of the Brigade is to be administered. When we firs t sugg ested in this Journal that the Brigade should be ru n on a County basis, we had in mind that it would simplify the administration, bring the executiv e officers in clos er contact with individual units. The scheme has be en on a test basis for some while, and from what we hear it has proved a great e r succ ess than was anticipated. It is onl y na t ural that the No. and 12 and the S. E. & c. Railwa y Distri c ts could not fall into fine of the County Organisations

*

At the instigation of the League of Red Cross Societie s various national Red Cross Societies have as is known undertaken a compaign against epidem"ic di:eases in sinc e 19 T9 The following r e solution was passed by th e Assem bly of the of Nations during the mee tin g h e ld in Geneva in 1920: "That an urgent and immediat e appeal should be made by the Ass e mbly to all th e countries of th e world for an ad e quate fund for pros ecuting an campaign against the e pid e mic diseas es typhus and cholera, in Elst e rn Eur o pe, b eg inning with P,,)land as a c e ntre, and that th e Office Int e rnational d Hyg ic ne Publique, th e Comi le international de la Croix Rouge and the L<:ague of the Red Cross Soci e ti es shou ld b e earnestly sought to co-op e rate with the L e agu e of Nations in this matter."

'* '* 41-

"T W H'" • In our correspondenc e columns this m onth suggest a very e xcell e nt way of ind e x ing the First Aid TextB ook, he also volunte ers to se nd to readers six clips-free of cost-which are n e cessary to undertak e the On behalf of our readers we th a nk T. W. H. for his kind offer.

'*

'* '*

We have seen several of American T e xt-Books of First Aid indexed in a similar, only the cutting which has been made by a machine has b een made alon g the sid e Of the for ready r e fe re nce it is most userul, perhaps futu l re editlOns of the Bl ack Book will b e done in a similar stye

'*'**

A Happy New Year to all conn e cte d with th e Ambu lance. Movement. The d a wn of 1921 should bring with it a feelIng of renew e d inter e st in the work, and as we state

It is well known that the tanks that actu a lly saw service in the Great War were as nothing to the tanks that were being designed and were on th e point of production and in their further development it is important that medical aspect should not b e neglected, both as regards the provision of special tanks for medical purposes and as r egards the all e viation and prevention of disabilities especially affecting the crews of tanks. In the Journal of tIle R oyal Army M edical Corps for October there was an in te re sting and original articl e on this subject by Major L. R. Broster, was D A.D M.S. of the Tank Corps during the war. He makes the suggestion th a t ce rtain typ t' S of th e lar ge r tanks could be adapted for medical purposes with a dr e ssing-table in the centr e of the hold behind the e ngin e, electric light provided , and stretchers and hammocks arranged in ti t rs capabl e of holding h a lf a dozen lying cases or twenty sitting cases. As a matter of history we believe that during the battl e of Cam brai one fighting tank back as m a ny as sixte e n wounded, and, during the op eratlOns of th e Corps at Ham e l, altogether about J 50 wounded were brought in by the tanks.

January, 19 2 I. -FIRST Alb.-

South Eastern and Chatham Railway Ambulance Centre

TH E annual presentation of awards to the members of the Centre took place at the Cannon-street Hotel, London, on Tw uary 14th, Mr. E. C. Cox, the Sup e rintendent of the line, presiding over a large gathering. - This year many of the members were in the uniform of the Brigade being attached to the recently-formed South-Eastern and Chatham Rai lway District.

Mr. Cox, after presenting the awards stated that the out standing feature of the ye ar was the formation of the SJu t'h-Eastern and Chatham Railway District of the Brig ade, they had a1r e ady 01 ganised ?o Divisions with a me mbership of 750, over 600 of whom had bee n equipped with uniforms, thIS was very satisfactory and he hope d the Brigade would 'be the means of kteping the men in touch with tht work. He pointe d ol}t that th e stationmas t e rs fund was unique to the S E. & c. Railway, and othe rs would do we ll to follow their example in this respect, the fact tnat such a great sum of money had been distnb uted showed the k e t n int t re st in the work. Every mem bu of th e C e ntre would b e delighted that Mr. E. A. Ric hards had th e distinguished honour of being appointed a K night of Grace of th e Ord E: r, for it was due to him that amb ulanc e work had b een S0 successful on th e Mr. E. A. Richards submitted his report which was as foll ows :-

Tbe S o uth East .:. rn & Chatham Railway was constituted a Ce n tre ot the St. John Ambulance Ass o ciation in 1!J05, in re c ogniti o n of the int e re st of the employ e s in First Aid wor k, and that this int e r e st is we ll maintained is evidenced by th e fact that cons i d e rably more than one thousand me m bers th (. staff, of all grades present themselves, .mn ually for re-examination.

railway is divided into nine districts, each with 1tS own working committee and secretary.

Th e s e cre tari e s of the r e sp ectivf! Districts form the '-en tre Committe e , which meets periodically and is responSible for th e efficient working of th e Centre generally.

Whilst the number of awards issued in 1920 shows a slig ht r e ducti o n, the reasons for this are well known to the Co mmitte f' and it is confidently anticipated that this year's res ults will show a conr.iderabl e improvement-in fact. his is already assur e d, as the class e s have never been so we ll attend e d a s th t y have during the present season.

A medal of d e sign is pres e nted to members of the staff passing an ambulance examination seven years in succ e ssion, and no less than 80 men have qualified for tli s award ; whilst 233 men have passed no less than fourtee n years in SUCC e 3S 10:1, thus becoming entitled to the SlIv er m e dal of th e C e ntr e

Th e Examination to which candidates for these awards are submitt e d is a se vere one, and possession of the medal IS a tangibl e e vid e nc e that the bolder has an exceptional kn owledg e of what to do, and what not to do, in any case of accident or sudden illn e ss with which he may b e brought in to contact.

There is ample evidence of this in the many and pec uliar cases of injury reported to the centre from time to tim e which have b f. en dealt with successfully by members of the staff, and e arned the qualifying praise of the medical me n.

First aid has b e en rend e r e d by m e mb e rs of th e staff d uring the past twelve months in no l ess than 6,19 8

instances, making a total of 54,198 cases since the tion of centre in 1905.

On th e recommendation of the Chief Commissioner, and with the sanction of His Royal Highn e ss, the Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, the S.E. & C.Ry. was constituted a District of the St. John Ambulance Br igade, with Mr. E. A. Richards, the present chairm a n of the Centre Committe e, as Commissioner. This, in itself, has proved a gre at stimulus to members of the staff to take up the work.

A lot of detail work has required to be carried out during the past twelve months in connection with the new organisation, and it is very gratifying to report that already twenty new Divisions have been formed with an approximate mem b crship of 750 men.

Tee officers in of these Divisions have be e n selected from m e n with special knowledge of ambulance r e quir t m . nts and embrace all grades of the railway service.

The interest taken in the ambulance movement on the S E. & c. Railway by m e mbers of the sfaff of all grades has again been evidenced by the fact th e station masters, inspectors, locomotive foremen and general ambulance fund has this year succeeded in collecting no l eSS a sum than £ 5 55. 5d. for presenting pri zes to ambulance men performing mentorious acts of first aid and by other me&ns encouraging the staff to take up the work.

The whole of the prizes "awarded are paid for from this fund and the Centre Committee desire to especially express their grateful appreciation of the work of the Ambulance Fund Committee in this direction, as the r e sult of which such valuable incentive is offu ed to members of the s t aff to qualify in this humanitarian work.

The total amount collected and disbursed sinc e the fund was instituted now realises no le s s than £6 35 2S lad

The Chapter of the 0 1der of St. John of Jerusalem in England has recognised the services of the Ambulance Fund Committee in this direction by addr essing votes of thanks on vellum to Messrs. Gr€enstrett and Culmer, the chairman and secretary of the Fund respectively, and these are now available for presentation.

A similar vote of thanks has also been accorded to Mr. Oliver, the asst.-station master as Woolwich Arsenal, in conn e ction with his services on the Central Committee for a period o[ six years ; and Mr. Cloak e, travelling inspector, Ashford, for similar services a p eriod of nine years, has be e n mad e an Honorary ServIDg Brother of the Order.

Mr. E. C. Cox, superintendent of the line, has been appointed an Associate of. the in of h!s very re al service and contInued mterest In the FIrst AId movement on the S.E. & c.R. since the formation of the Centre.

Mention should also be made of the fact, that; the Chapter-General of the Order selected Mr. E. A. the present Chairman of the Centre, for promotlOn as a Knight of Grace of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England,

Th e annual compet i tions for the Directors Chall e nge Shield and other priz es were reinstituted .in the Spring of I9 20 and it afforded the Centre CommItte e much satisfaction to realise that no less than 65 teams competed lD these competitions. . .

The Bricklayers' Arms Locomotive Team the S.E. & C. Railway in the Inter-Railway was successful in qualifying for the final comp e titIOn and s cur e second positi o n.

Whilst it was a matt e r of gre at re gr e t to th a t .t h f! Bricklayers' Team did not bring the Inter-Railway ShIeld

-FIRST

to the S.E. & C. Railway, yet this report would be wanting if it failed to record the appreciation of th e labours of the members of the eam collectively and individually, and a word of congratulation on the high position attained

The Committee are determined to concentrate on securing the interests of the members of the staff who have not hitherto thought it worth their while to qualify in First Aid to the In j ured and look forward with confid e nce to the S E. & C. Railway maintaining its reputation amongst other railways, not only for dficlency in First Aid work, but for the number of members of the staff qualified to do th e right thing at the right time.

Th e committee pay a tribute to the work of the medical gentlemen who have so freely given their services during the past 12 months ( and some of th e m for many years past) in lecturing to the staff on First Aid to the Injured.

It has been said that medical men get their thanks in a practical way by the results of the e xaminations, and, to a certain f.xtent, this is so) but this report would be wanting if it failed to include a reference to the time and trouble the medical officers have e xpended in help ing and instructing the men in this direction.

In concl usion, the Committee thank the Directors and Officers for their hearty support of this £reat movement. It is indeed a source of gratificati o n to all to know that in carrying on the work-a work in which men of all departm ents and grades are united-the whole h ear t e d support of the Chiefs is assurtd. Without this supp ort the work of the Centre could not possibly progress, and it is the Committee's wish that the Direct ( rs and Officers accept the very grateful thanks of the ambulance men for the practical help given the Centre since its inception.

The list of awards will be published in our next issue.

B O. 38s.-County Organisation of the Brigade.

To facili tate th e work of the Brigad e in Countits in conj unction with Joint County Committ ee s, were form e d, composed of members of the Ord e r of St. John, the B{itish Red Cross Society, and co-opted representatives o f other bodies, a Coun t y Organisati o n wi thi n the Brigad e has b ee n aproved as follows :-

Each County will be administered under the Commissioner of the District by an A3sistant Commission e r of the Brigad e.

A County Surgeon, District Officer, and Lady District Officer may be appointed to and constitut e, the Staff of an Assistant Commissioner.

The Assistant Commissioner appointed to a county WIll be the channel of commuication between Corps and Divisions of the Brigade with a County and and Commissioner of the District ; The County Representative of the Order of St. John; the County Director for Voluntary Aid the C.ounty Centre of the St. John where establIshed; and other county authoritIes. He WIll endorse and submit all nominations for promotion" etc., in the Brigade to the CommISSIOner, and be responsIble to the Commissioner for the and discipline, of the Corps and DIVISIOns withm hIS county. In large counties, viz., Lancashire and Yorkshire, Assistant Commissioners will b e allotted specified areas the Corps and Divisions within which will come under their immediat e jurisdiction.

A 1D.- January, 1921.

The County Surgeon will be the advisory officer to Assistant Commissioner on matters relating to the trainin g in, and practice of, first aid to the injured. He will b e responsib e to the Assistant Commissioner that all re-exam i nations within the co :mty are carri e d out in accordanc e with the regulations and perform such other duti e s as th e Assissant Commissioner may assign him.

The District Officer will be assistant to the Assistan t Commissioner.

The Lady District Officer will be the advisory officer to the Assistant Commissioner in matters r e lating to th e Nursing Divisions within the c o unty and under his authorit y make periodical visits to Nursing Divisior.s and perfJr m such other dutiES as he may assign her.

The Assistant Commissioner and Lady District Offic er of a county will be the ex-officio representatives of th f' Brigade on the Joint County Committ ee No. I (London) District No. I2 (Irish) District, an d the South-Eastern and Chatham Railway District will n ot be included in this schemt.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK, ('hie! Commissioner.

The Home Ambulance Service.

THE Hom e Ambulance Committee of the Jui nt Council of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John completed a year's work at the end of October

The ambulances in each county are under the gener al direction of the County Director ; the number at w0rk is 281, and the number of cases carried during the year was 31,255, The intention is to have an ambulance station at every fifteen miles, and it seems probable that this ai m will shortly b e attained. In setting on foot on a larg e scale an entirely new organiz"tion for the transport of th e sick, as has been the task of the Committee it wa s inevitable that results should vary with in th e efficiency and thoroughness of the local administratio n A great demand was made on all county directors an d their staffs in devising the best means for developing th e ambulance services on lines which would most fully me et needs of each county. The demand was willingly m et 1D all cases, but, as was to be expected, since the whol e scheme was an experiment, the degree of success has vaTie d considerably The returns shows that the extent to whic h the ambulances have been used has not been a matter so much of density of population or lack of existing means of transport, as of the labour, enthusiasm, and initiative displayed by individual organisers. Where a strong loca l committee exists, where special efforts have been made to the .existence of the am bulances, and in parm where an officer has been speciall y to dIrect the ambulance service, a large numbe r of patIents have been carried, even in rural areas an d financial difficulties have been easily overcome. o f the am first issued were found too heavy for th e wc;>rk, lIghter ambulances, which are n0W being supplIed, WIll not only be more suitable for country roads, bu t less expensiye to maintain. The Committee is purchasin g Ford chaSSIS, and the work of constructing ambulanc e b?dies for them is carried on in its own workshops. Th e dIff.iculty. of erect.ing on a short chassis an ambulance body whIch WIll prOVide ample room for the patient without undue overhang, has been surmounted; patients report that the new cars run most smoothly. In some areas the

Ja nuary, 19 21 -FIRST

amb ulances have b een used to carry school children o clini cs for periodical examinations, and also to remove childre n from hospitals after op erations for tonsils and aden oids. The exe cutive officers ar e in consultation with the Ministry of H e alth and the Education Committ ee of the London County Council, and it is anticipated that the use of the am bulance s for these purposes will b e consi derably extended. The ambulanc e s are also Qsed, both in the country and in London, to carry p e nsioner patien ts for hospital treatment, and th e Mioistry of Pensions has now invited the Committee to the same in Wales.

and J\nswers to eot't'espondents.

2ueries will be dealt with unde r (ke fo llo wing ru.'es:-

I.- Letters c()ntainin{. Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of 'the envelope "Query," and addressed-FrRST Am, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C 4.

2.- All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cu t fr om the current issue 0/ the Journal, 01" in case 0/ Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

? -The Te xtbo ok , to which reference may be made in these columns, is the 36th (I920) Edit ion of S.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

THE A1\TBULANCK CROSS.

er. A. ( Lin co lnshire) - During a recent Brigad e competition the Judge asked each competitor- "\Vhat are the eight points of the Ambulance Cross?" Most of us failed to the qu esti on and lost all available marks, though some gave the Qualifications of a First Aider and scor ed accordingly. The clue to the question is prominently di splayed on the [ront cover 0/ tlte 36t1l edition of Textbook: but some of the competitors considered the question unfair - (1) because it was d ifficu lt t o grasp what what was meant a nd (2) because they had not seen the Associa tion s latest device. Will you kindly give your opinion as to the fa irn ess of the ques ti on?

I consider the qu estion perfectly clear, as the solution to It was first introduc ed into the 35th editioll! So I know now that the Judge was better acquai nte d with the Textbook than you who ar e Superint endent ! !-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

STINGS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

H B. (K irkham). - During- a discussion on "Stings of Plants and Animals" we cou ld only think of nettles and some insects, and would welcome a complete list of th e cam:es o f stings, as th is questio n invariably beats us all !

To what advantag-e? However, if you include insects am ong" Animals " then here is a more or complete of ani mals 'Wlticlt present varieties capable oj and and which are usually more potent and actIve 10 tropIcal and sub-tropica l regions. fish, centiped.es, s piders mites, bugs, fleas, li ce, gnats, mosquttoes, gadfltes, bees, /asps, ants, caterpillars, )elly· fish, Sti n gi ng plant s are almost entIrely limIted to the Order Urtzcacea: of which the British nettle is a well-known examp e and of wh'ich various species occur throughout the world.-N.C.F.

ARTIFICIAL R ESPI RATION

M. A. ( Durham ) - The Textbook teaches us that, when we apply Sylvester ' s Method of Artificial Respiration, the

AID.- [07

patient should be (( inclined if possible from fee t upward." [n app l ying Schii(er, should the same position be selected for patient or would it be better to place head lower than feet ?

,Your (( observation " is at f"ult in that you misspell I( SII, .v ester. " Further, you misunderstand the Textbook, since (t prone position" (p. r 35) clearly signifies no tilting of patient and" inclined from feet upwards" (p 137) mNZ1JS "head below level of feet."

The first movement of Stlvester is traction on upper limbs in z'1nitation of inspiration, and requires great physical effort, which is rendered less strenuous and at the same time more efficacious if patient is inclined head belGw feet. With Schafer the first movement is pressure on loins in illlitaNon of exp ira tt'on. To this end the prone position of patient is most satisfactory, and inclining patient, head below feet, would have no-effect (good or bad) on the lllovement.-N.C.F.

DRE SsING BANDAGE FOR SHOuLDER.

T. R. ( Cheltenham ) points out that in the 36:h edition of the Textbook the arm-sling of the Dressing Bandage for Shoulder is figured in reverse way to that given in previous e ditions. He asks if this is an error.

This change was made in the 36th edition probably for the of consistency and to avoid showing two similar, yet difjerent, diag-rams as was previously the case with Figures I4 and 63 I t is, therefore, most unkind to suggest that any change in the revised Textbook must necessarily be an error :

Unfortunately, however, the change was made. w,ithout " discrimination)J ; and you will find that the deSCriptIOn of the bandage on p. 161 was left unaltered, with the .result this is now the one place in the book where the l11structlOns cannot be carried out strictly as laid down and checked by the diagram. I used to point out (!) that with the old diagram the formatisn of sling for shoulder bandage (p. 161) was described in reverse way to that of small arm-sling (p 46); and (2) that conse quently the ultirr.ate. result was differ en t, though more comfortable for patient, because of upper limb was carried from the shoulder of sound slde.N. C. F,

S::-lALL SIL\'ER SrI. JOHN CROS:-.ES.

G. S. (Da lton ) asks what are the silver St. John Crosses referred to in No. District Orders and publIshed on page 3S of September issue of FIRST AID.

The small silver St. John Crosses are em?len: s worn on the ribbon of the Brigade Service. Medal "Yhtch IS awarded after 5 year s' honourable and effiCIent servIce: They spond with the bars issued, one for each e).:trc: of effiCIent service, to holders of the medal. So, by ]0111lng up at I?, a member, after 35 years of continuous honourable and servtce, would at age of SI, for WIth 4 bars and the rIbbon wtth SIlver crosses.-ED. F. A.

G ENERAL RULES IN TREAHIENT OF BURXS.

W. S. (Mansfield) asks if in treatment of Bur.ns,;he should apply Carron Oil as a dressing" to exclude air, pro'uzded that no boracic oil is available.

No! No!: As yOLl say, the Texb?ok to-day does not recommend oil the reasons the .dlfficulty of steril ising oil and the increased risk of sepsIs therewith. Und er these circumstances you mus.t aVOId USl11g Oil, especiallJ' if the skin of injured part IS and If an antiseptic (e. g., Od, 10 per cent.) IS not added to th is emuls io n of at! and Itme water.

By the way, you clearly fail to. recognise that the Tex:book now offers choic e of three dressl11gs-Ist, cotton wool ,2nd, bor ic ointment· 2rd lint soaked in bicarbonate of soda solution. If, these are not available, then dress the burn

108 -FIRST

with dry boric lint, or, better still, with a boric fomentation; but remember (r)that a fomentation is li7tt w ru11l[ OzttofboiZil1/{ water, and not" lint soaked in hot water" (p. 116) ; and ( 2) that a fomentation, if properly applied, does 120t require to be changed" every two or three minutes » ( p. 118 ), as the Textbook unfortunately still teaches.-N. C. F.

TREAHIEN T OF CORRO SIVE AC ID B URN.

W. S. ( Mansfield ) asks ( I ) if in treatment of Corrosive Acid

Burn boric ointment is the dressing which the Textbook ( p 113 ) says must be applied after bathing part with weak alkaline lotion; and (2) what quantity of bicarbonate of soda makes a "weak )) alkaline lotion.

( I ) Your" observation )) is at fault and the Textbook reads "dressings." So bathe part freely (or immerse ) in warm alkaline lotion and then dress it with cotton wool or boric ointment, or. lint soaked in soda solution, as circumstances perDllt. Lastly, do not forget to envelope part (when injury is dressed) in cottonwool and bandage lightly.

(2) Bicarbonate of soda is so uble in warm water in the strength roughly of 3 tablespoonfuls to one pint. This is a saturated solution, and a weak solution would be a dessertspoonful \ or tablespoonful ) to one pint. As a fact, however, the saturated solution of bicarbonate of soda can do no harm. -N. C. F.

fetters to the &ditor.

We are in no way responsible tor tke opinions expressed, 01' the statements made, by Correspondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

THE BRIGADE BADGE.

D EAR SIR,-With regard to the suggestion of Brother W. J. " in FIR ST for November on the S.J.A.B. badge ?elng as a recogp:tl on badge, I think the suggestion very mterestmg, because diVISions are to be found in most of the cities in this country, and persons spending their holtdays m the summer months are often introduced through badge, as happened to myself at a seaside resort last year Bemg a member of the new division formed at Penydarran (Glam:, South Wales ) I had an interesting chat with a brother fro.m another town in Wales, and we were able to diSCUSS the methods of our respective divisions. So you see my to the S J.A.B. in general, it should a real friendly socIety as well as an ambulance associ atlOn - Yours, &c.,

H. WILLI AMS

A MEDAL FOR HOME SERVICE.

SIR,-I admit the apparent justice of the rebuke which your correspondent "Audi Althram Partein " gives expression to. My hastily chosen. langu3.ge, obscured my obobject, whIch was to draw attentIOn to the claim which the M H.H.R. men who volunteered for service overseas or who were under the General Service at a later date, and were un':'ll11mgly for Home Service, and so lost the chance of dIstlllctlOn promotion abroad, have in preto. the men who WillIngly stayed in home service and dId not Wish to go abroad. I belong to the latter class but I fe.el a personal obligation to some of the former who' served With me, and I they ought already to have the War and now ment special c.onsideration. r acknowledge With your cor.respondent, and wlth great grat itude the many cases of and self-sacrIfice that have occurred in OIU .Home Hospitals, but the majority of the M.H. H.R remainmg there was lIttle opportunity for heroism. I n any case It IS the ac.cepted attitude of the St. John man to ask for recognItion of hiS devotion to duty.

AI January 19 2 1.

My second po int was that a medal which has to be begged for so persistently loses its value to the recipient, and I feel strongly that the appeal you made for us to ask our M. P. to repeatedly raise the question in Parliament is not the way t o get what we want, nor is it quite up to the standard of o ur service. Surely the Order of St. John is the proper organisation to leave this matter to. I t has sufficient influence to bring the matter properly to the notice of Parliament, without everyone of us making it a personal question.

Your correspondent is kind enough to refer to my service and my rewards; and as he has so done, may I be permitted to make a personal remark, and that is, that I have never sought or asked for either promotion or reward in what I have always considered a voluntary duty. - Yours faithfully, L. WHITTAKER.

DEAR MR. EDi TOR -

May I give ex pression to the pleasure that the letter of Officer L. Whittaker gave me, and the credit due to him fo r his very fair-minded, s ane and truthful exposition of a bone of contention which threatens the best interests of the Brigade I do not know if the Chief Commissioner s words were fully reported, but I had "some shock" on reading them, with a comparison inference that several years experience as R.M.O to fighting battalions does not c onfirm.

W,ar seems tv me more than any other experience of life , to mdlcate the power of "luck," and any good soldier, or sportsman, can usually take his luck like a man.

A great injustice has been done in thousands of cases b y the lack of distinction between the "volunteer " and "the pressed man " in all branches of the Services. I still maintain the old truth '" that one volunteer is worth ten pressed men. "

The Brigade is made up of volunteers and for those who joined the RN.S.B. or M.H.H.R. before the war to find themselve? fi xed in a base billet is very galling to keen men; still , that IS the fortune of war, and as RA.l\I.C. workers , there must be special field of amount of good pOSSIble on the b a ttle.field m modern war is only too lIttle and confined to first aid and transport. Certainly these men called up with little time to arrange private affairs and before the flood of" business as usual " profits began to flow deserve recogl1ltion, which no fighting man they have helped would grudge, and it is to be hoped the Chief Commissioner will be successful in in obtaining justice for them. But we must not mini.mise the value of those who beat the enemy in field, It was not the army at home who won the war, in spIte of politIcal utterances to the contrary.

We have an active Chief Commissioner, with a long history to be proud of, and now is the time for all old c omrades to to meet again under the old White Cross of St. John and make the future of the Brigade worthy of the sacrifices of the S.J.A.B. in the Greatest War. Let everyone do his bit now as in war time and we have nothing to fear for the future. Remember our motto applies to Peace as well as war. Let us live up to it. I am, yours faithfully, V. BA TESON.

I N DE X THE TE X T BOOK.

DEAR SIR,-Brigade members often have an argument as to what the" Black Book " says, although every member does or should take the book" To Drill " with him he is often at a 105s to drop quickly on the exact page. '

It is an admission of ignorance to commence indiscriminately turning the pages backwarcs and forwards to find the place.

Would members care to mutilate their book by a cut ·out !ndex, which has been found very helpful, to make such an mdex proceed as follows

Ask a stationer for half-a-dozen wire paper clips not paper fasteners, then the indexing will be simplicity itself; please note that the pag e s referred to are thoSe of the 30th Edition of" First Aid to the Injured. "

Pages 29 to 76 inclusive.-Take these and intervening

January, 19 21 - FIR ST

pag es in your hand and clip them all together wi th a papel clip. This se c tIOn deals With the treatnl e nt of fract.ures ,:nd m us cles, you will be told later on wheJ e to mark thIS BO NES, which is a shorter word than fractures and more In acc ordance with the title skeleton.

, Pages 77 to 1 ro.-Clip these together and afterwards label th ese pages BL09D as of h rr morrhage, p r essure poi nts and Circulation are dealt WIth.

Pages III to 122. - When clipped together treat wlth miscellaneous injuries, due to extrem e s of temperature, foreIgn bo dies wounds of abdomen ( injuries which are left over from ot her therefore you could mark these pages OD D ( injuries )

Pages 1'23 to J 52 inclusive. - This Insensl' bllit yand asphyxia, consequently 1l1r.ludtn g drownmg and fi ts, and could be marked FITS.

Pages 153 to r6 0 inclusive are P OISONOUS.

Pages 161 to 16 4 inclusive show the tri a ngular bandage app lied to any part of the body and s hould be labelled Bandaging.

Page r65.-Can be marked DRILL.

This method of indexing would cover most arguments that are likely to oc c ur. Roller bandaging, of c?urse, is at the end of the book but is not often a matter of dispute. Ch.apter I. mar ked" very important " can for the purpose of our mdex be left out.

Our sections being correct and checke d over to all qui te sure, we will proceed to cut out and l,ndex the sectIons

An index may be cut along the top, SIde or bottor:n of the Lo ok, I should sug g est the bottom so as not to mterfere wit h the numbers of the pagmg. Run throug h the pages and see that the read1l1g matter on th e lowest printed page will not be eighths of an inch would be about l'I g ht In the majorIty of bo oks.

N ow we want se ven sect onal sp 3c es, the b o tt o m of the p1g e measur e s thirty, ei g hths of a n in c h, se ven into th irty go four , that is, four ei g hts or half-an -l11c h for e ac h name t a b Mark off half-an -in ch along the bott o m of 16 5 m easure three-eighths upwards, do 110 c ut out thIS p Ie ce? ma rk on it in black lead, Drill, we now have the word drill III pe ncil at the extreme bottom hand come r of pag e 16 5, h e beginning of the D, half-an-l11ch from Side of the Ieaf an d the top of the D not higher than three ·elghths of an l11ch rro m the bottom of the page, if this is done correctly all wIll be str aight sailing. .'

Our next section pages 16 1 to 16 4 should tI cked off With pe ncil, one half·an-in.ch from SIde of th e bo.ok B andaO'ing wntten 111 (or a drawtng of a tnangle ), the lemammg half-inch in the corner of the page has to be cut away neatly to show the word, drill.

Sections J 53 to r 60.-Mark off one and a-half inches along th e bottom and write in ha1£-an-l11ch on pa g e 53 the word P oisons, cut out the corner showing the "trian g le " and the word" Drill."

Section 123 to 52.-Mark off two m c hes from corner on pag-e 12 3 and write Fits, the F will be the c entre of 12 3 and the word will extend half·an-l11ch, cut ho lding the pages tightly so that they do not shift while cu tting. h If h Section III to 122. -Mark oft two and a- a I11C es on p age II and 9dd or whatever word y?u select fOl: these m iscellaneous Il1Junes, cut away. the remall1mg two Il1ches, re moving the clips as you go, bell1g careful not to cut too far e ach time.

Section 77 (showing a diagram of the to page II 0, m ark oft three inches on page 77 and wr.lte cut as b efore, this is a very thick section and reqUIres cuttll1g very c arefuUy and neatly.

Section 29 to 76 on page 29 mark off three and nches (Tom the edge and write Bones, cut out rernall1ll1g three inches. The cut-out index will no'v read Bones, Blood, Odd,! Fits, Poison, Triangle, Drill, or other words selected accordll1g to fancy. h '11 d

Having done it all neatly and correctly, t e penCl .e words can be covered with gummed stamped paper, the relIl-

AID.-

for c ed tab c an be written in ink a nd a permanent job made of it.

To use the index, you can arrive at your requirements by a process of elimination, suppose we want" artificial respiration" it would not likely to be in section Drill, Bones, Blood, nor among the It might be in Poisons or Fit s , most people would select Fits where, of course, it is found, once again suppose we want a sl ing we are more likely to find it under the index Bones, then Blood, in any case, the area of search becomes removed down to a few pages.

If YOLl are not good at printing, cut out of this letter, the Section titles printed in buld type, then cut your index a ccordingly.

The use of the clips is not necessary, but may save a muddle and a mistake. If unable to be obtained, the writer will forward six eli ps free of cost on receipt of stamped addressed envelop e.- Yours, et c., 32 2, High-ro a d, Ley ton, London, E. TO.

THE MEANING OF THE BADGE.

DE AR SIR,- R egardin g the letter of T W. H. on the Badge of the 0 rder of S t. Jown of J the badge of the Order is the white Maltese cross With which we are all familiar. It is said to be formed of four arrow heads, c alled in heraldry, pheons, so placed that their points meet in the centre.

The arms of the cross, as already pointed out by T. "V H., represent tbe Christian virtues ; t?e eight points the eight beat itudes as recorded 111 the Gospel accordmg to St. Matthew, v. 3- 12 .,

There is always a slight latitude allowed 111 heraldic emblems, and it is n a tural there wIll be variations in the saIToe bad g e , as depIcted by art Ists dur ing s everal centurie s The of the. cross bemg shown cur ved or stra ight is an e xample, either betn g correct, but today the plainer form is always used.

All that is required is that the badge can be recogm s ed at a glance. The S t: J cross , for can be confused with the Vlctona Cross decoration, whIch IS a cross pat e e, although often described in as a cross.

The lion and unicorn are what IS termed m heraldry a "differen c e, " and represent ':l-nd .are used by the English branch of the Order to I from the other branches Miss Thekla Bowser 111 SIX Lectures t o St. John A D men bers " p. states that tbey VI ere added when the v ., .).), V h f h Royal Charter was g r anted in .1 888. In ert?t s Istory 0 t e Order, 1720, there is a portrait of M?ns. L Abbe de Vertot wearing the badge with four Fleur de Its between the arms of the cross representing the French branch or langue.

Personally I think the scrolls round. the cross mdlcatmg the necessary qualifications of a first-alder IS .a approriate addition, because, while I?- no way dlrI?ll1lshlng the significance of the anc.lent emblem, It th.e s ecial branch of religious work 111 the ASSOCIation IS p d I submi t that it is not" an additIOn a t the fancy or engage . d dd" d Inter retation of writers. " but a duly authOrise a. an in no P way against the laws of heraldry. I t also h b d of t he Association from that of the Bngade more tea ge T W H' I tt distinctly than ?as case seer is a cked with mterestmg and I trust the points will also interestmg to my fellow workers In the Brigade,-Yours faithfully, J. P. M. AL 13 ECH T. Manchester, January TSt, 19 2 1.

LACK OF INTEREST 1:0l' THE BRIGADE. DEAR SIR,-I have been noting in your Editorials ):'our k the la ck of interest by members of the vanous remar s re d D · There has been many suggestIOns as to ways an IVISlOns. d 1 f tt' means of reviving the interest of nJembers, an a so o ge 't In your July issue ) OU frankly admIt your dISnew recrUl s.

T. W. H

110 -FIRST

appointment of the lethargic att!tude of members in g:eneral, and suggest it is due to war wearmess ; but I do not thmk so. The suggestion of the Director .of the department in this month!" issue does not m my opllllon meet the case. There are many reasons [or t.he present c?ndition of in the Brigade. One very promment reason IS the lack of mterest in the treatment of members by the very ones who are bemoanidg the present condition of things, for a fe.w ago -th e half-fare voucher for members domg public duty m London and elsewhere, was withdrawn; and when one considers the amount of time the men give to this work, and how they can ill afford to pay an increased rail fare, it.ls no wonder they are dissatisfied, another reason, n.o doubt IS,. that those members who enlisted were to be consIdered effiCIent for the years they were in the army and entitled to labels or medall.ions for same, but a great many of these men has never recelv.ed them up to the present time. Naturally they get up wIth these pie-crust promises. I know men who now walt for ]91617-18-19-20 labels. My own experience 1'e the last pc;tragraph of your Editorial, is, however much you let the public know, who you are, what you are and do; it is by no means appreciated as in the case of our own Division. took the trouble to have a paragraph put in the local paper about e,very fO.rtnight, also all the names and addresses of the members, wIth telephone N o.'s of those who were on the telephone, and suggested that this be cut from the paper, and kept for reference in case of need, only to be ignored. So much for public interest. The public are so ignorant of who we are, that when on public duties we have been asked quite a number of times; are you the bandsmen playing here to-day, etc., etc.

We have also had concerts, whist drives, etc., in which members in uniform were present, but the same apathy still exists so far as the public are concerned.

Perhaps our particular district is lacking in interest so far as First Aid is concerned. I wonder how many others are the same.

In conclusion I would say-or suggest-that those in authority take a little more interest in the men generally; see lhat when they are entitled to any recognition, they get it; be liberal in the allowiug the half-fare voucher when doing public duty, etc., and the ch ances are they would soon see a marked difference in the strength of Divisions and things generally would go ahead. This is my own opinion of how to solve the difficulty.-Yours fai thfuIly, "FAIR PLAY." Carshalton-on-the-Hill.

[Our correspondent seems to be undec the impression that the half-fare travelling vouchers were withdrawn by the Brigade Authorities, quite the contrary in the case, they were withdrawn by the Government under the recommendation of the Railway Committee. The Brigade Authorities are doing their utmost to get this privilege r einstated.

O.B.E. MEDALS FOR AMBU LANCE MEN?

DEAR SlR,-I saw recently in the daily papers that a number of men, including firemen, special constables, doctors, and clergymen, had been awarded O.B.E. medals for rescue and Red Cross work during London air raids. The men of the B.R.C. and S.J.A.B. were specially trained for this work and actually did it, yet the authorities seem to have practically overlooked these men, who were, in the case of the S.J.A.B. t:'specially, at the servi ce of the Government on the first day of the war.

Is it fair teat these specially trained men should see other bodies of men getting the credit for this work which they equally performed and find themselves to all intents and purposes forgotten by the powers that be. -Yours faithfully, " SERGEANT_"

When

A GREAT AID TO FIRST AID.

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all tha specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary fo r First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or referenc e on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficia l text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson , fullest space is devoted to "First Aid Il and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, ., The Modern Physician" stand s without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliabl e without being dull the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins" or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods , beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

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ONE OF MANY OPINIONS.

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FIRST AID

- AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 320.-VOL. XXVII. FEB R U .\ R Y 192 1. [E"t,ndatS Alt01"f'I'HAil.)

NOTICE TO READERS.

F I RST AID is published on the 20th of The Annual Subscription is 38. 6d. post free; smgle copIes 3 d •

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Mo,-ement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanJed (not necessarily For vublication) by the name and address of the Corresponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E. C. 4· T elegraphic Address,' "Twentv-four, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

THREEPENCE

underwent training in a Naval hospital and c o nformed to all the regulations as regards to annual insp( ctic nand efficiency is entitled to a sum of £4 per annum in th e case of Probationary Sick Berth Atter:dants, and £5 per annum in the case of Confirmed Sick Berth

The Commissioners of the Admiralty have still under cOnsideration the granting of a bounty on a smaller scale to those Reservists who do not undergo annual training. Reservists undergoing annual training will be paid the suli' stantive rates of pay in the Royal Navy in lieu of the existing rates laid down in the r e gulatiom, with the excep' tion of kit allowance when called cut, which remains at £6, and the annual inspection grant, all other allowances are discontinued, but we think on the whol e that the .terms are more favourable, taking everything in proportion, than those previously existing.

Royal Naval Auxiliary

WE are enabled to publish in this the new cohditions of enrolment and service in the R.N.A.S B.R. in times of Siok Berth peace; these conditions are very Reserve. materially altered from the Regulations governing service in the Reserve p rior to 1914, and we should advise members of the Bri· gade who contemplate joining to study them carefully

Instead of the present undertak ing to serve for six months or for the period of mobilisation and not longer than one year, Reservists will be I(quired (0 enrol for the period of hostilities ; this condition has been obviously necessary by the position which arose durmg the late war. The strength of the Reserve in the early part of 1914 was approximately 95 0 and the accounts d from both officers and men who underwent we receIve ., th Y were delighted with the treatment they trammg, ereceived at the hands of the Naval AuthontIes, and they spoke with glowing terms of the valuable and unique experience that the training afforded.

S J

A

B Officers Regulation Great Coats_ Dark \.... • • • Grey cloth, to' £

One important point is that the maximum number of R eservists is limited to 1,275, and as we hear that a large number of men have decided to continue service, we sh ould say there will not be much difficulty in obtaining the maximum number required.

Up to the age of 40 every Reservist will be liable for general service, and after reaching that age he can :olunte e r for General service or Shore and Harbour ServIce at Home, whereas the old conditions were that men could elect to serve in four classes, (a) Ships of War, (b) H ospital Ships, (c) R.N. Hospitals and Shore establish. ments at home.

One new important feature of the new conditions is a yearly bounty; a Reservist who during the preceding year

It must be borne in mind that the Reserve is fined solely to members of the S.J AB., and It IS h' b mbers can enrol. unquestionably the finest 10 w IC me

R.A.M.C. RE-UNlON DINNER.-Late members of the 18th and 35 th who served during the war are in a Social evening and dinner on or ab.out AprIl 9·h g f C 1 0 L Robmson A.M.S., under the patronage 0 0 '. D D.M S, London District, who wIll. probably occupy the Chair. It is estilllated WIll not more h 6d (ladies specially mVIted). ApplIcatIOn for t an lOS. F Y T 8r further particulars should be made to erry, Pla.shet-lane, East Ham, E.6.

No. 1 Distric.t COM MISSIONER:

3'he Brand of the Order of the J(ospital of St. John of jerusalem in gnglugd. AM BULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. John 1\mbulance Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. M a rch, 1921.

S unday, 6 th.-No. 40 Division, Beckton.

" 13th.-No.44 " West London.

" 20th -No. 4 5 Camberwell.

" 27th. - N o. 46 Ilford.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

CO :vl P ETITIONS FOR THE" DEWAR " CHALLENGE SHIELD AND THE" SYMONS ECCLES" CUP. (F OR AMBULAN C E DIVISIONS ONLY )

Offi cers and Members in Charge of Divisions desirous of entering teams for th is Competition, can obtain copies of " Condition s" and" Entry Form," on application. The date on which the Final Competition will take place will be notified n due course. Applications for conditions must be made not la ter th a n M arch 1st.

The Preliminary Competit ion for the" Dewar Shield " will take place some time in Marc h, to decide which Division will re present the NO.1 Distr ict in the Final. The Final Compet ition is usually held early in May, but the date will be a nnoun ced la ter

The winners in the Preliminary Competition will hold the " Mas ssy Mainwaring Challenge Cup," as well as representing the D istri ct in the Final for the Dewar.

SERVICE AWARDS.

The following letter has been received from the Chief S.ec retary of the Association through the Chief Commiss IOne r :-

At a meeting of the Ambulance Committee held at St. John s Gate on the 3rd inst., the question of the issue of serv ice awards under the provisions of Memorandum 104 Revision 1920, which has been circulated to D ivisions of the Brigade under B.O.353, was considered.

After discussion, it was resolved that all those desirous of claiming awards must send in their applications b efore t he 30th September, 1921. WiJI you kindly make this k nown to all Divisions of the St. John Ambulance B rigade.

A DDRESSE S AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS.

Offi cers and members in charge of Divisions are requested to fO,rward as s oon as possible to the Commissioner, at St. J ohn s G ate, their telephone numbers (both for day and night ), 111 order that a re cord may be kept at headquarters in case of emergency

N otice of removal should be sent to this office in order that communications may not go astray.

( Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

D ivisi onal Secre.taries <l:re requested, when sending newsparer cuttIngs of their meetIngs, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

AI D.- February,

1921.

No. 70 ( ROYAL BORO' OF KENSINGTON ) DIVISION.The secend social of the Division which took the form of a Fancy Dress Dance was held at the Parish Hall, Kensingto n, on January 27th. Judging from the numbers present th e function proved a popular event, and is likely to be repeate d. Handsome pri zes were offered for the best costumes, the Judges having some difficulty in arriving at their decision.

During the evening Superintendent Stone gave a short resume of the work of the Division and also thanked the dono rs of the prizes, both for the Ambulance Competitions and th e Fancy Dress winners, these were presented by Mr. A. B. Dale, who congratulated the Division on its successful work. Capt. Calvin Lines, of the Headquarters' Staff, was also present.

No. 3 District.

TAMWORTH.-The annual meeting of the Ambulance a nd Nursing Divisions was held at the Town Hall on Jan. 27th. The Mayor, who is President of the Division, presiding.

Dr. McColl read the balance sheet for 1920, and said it was very good, showing a good balance on the right side.

Mr. W. J, Webb, as auditor, said the books were kept in perfect order, and it did not take many minutes to go throug h them.

The Secretary (Sert. Armstrong) said.it was six years sin ce they turned over from the Tamworth Railway St. John Amb ulance Corps to the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Tamworth Division (or Town Division), and they had got along wonde rfully well, which was mainly due to the untiring efforts of D r. McColl, who had been promoted by headquarters to be Assis tant Commissioner for South Staffordshire, and also later to be Honorary Serving Brother of the Order. Public duti es atter,ded, 39 1; practice and drills attended, 482; first·aid rendered to 266 cases. There were 39 men on the roll, of whom 25 were in uniform; and 16 ladies, of whom J2 were in uniform.

Dr. McColl next made a presentation to Sert. Armstron g, as a tangible token of their regard for him and of their grat itude to him for the many and valuable services he had rendere d to their local Ambulance and Nursing Divisions during he past six years.

NO.4-District.

BLACKPOOL.-After having occupied with distinction he important position of secretary of the Blackpool Division for twelve years, Mr. George Wilson, who still holds the rank of Ambulance Officer in the Division, has retired from th e Divisional Secretaryship, and is succeeded by Mr. Alexand er Whalley, who has been ptomoted from the rank of Corporal to that of Divisional Sergeant and Secretary.

Ambulance Officer Wilson has taken over the responsib ·e duties of secretary to the important ambulance competitions which are to be held in Blackpool in the summer months for the Argenta Cup, the Molloy Police Cup, and the Shield give n by Mr. R. H. O. Hill, the Hill Shield being competed for b y arribulance teams from the Fylde. He is still, of actively engaged in the work of the Division.

Mr. Wilson's association with the work of the St. Joh n Ambulance Brigade commenced over twenty years ago, and in the year 1900 he was in the Blackpool squad that captured th e coveted Crosfield Shield. Twelve years ago he succeede d Superintendent T. Donnelly as secretary for the Division, a nd he has fulfilled his duties with an enthusiasm and a zeal which have won for him the high regard of his fellow citizens. He performed invaluable service during the war, and in th e absence of the then superintendent, Mr. George Gosling, wit h the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry on war service, an d First Officer T. Donnelly, who was Sergeant Major of the S t. John Hospital at E taples, Mr. Wilson was the officer in char ge of the division. His devoted service during the years of war won the highest commendation.

No. Q District.

EXETER.-By invitation of Supt. A. E. Bowden, M.B. E., and First Officer F. Rivers! the Divisional Superintendent an d

- FIR ST AID.-

D ivisi o nal S ecretary and Trea s urer re s pect ivelY ,40 member s of the Exeter Branch of the St. John Ambulan ce Bri g ade sat down to an excellent supper at the Brigade Headquarters on January 10th. Superintendent Bowden presided, supported by Alderman J. Stokes, First Officer Rivers, the Chief Constable of Exeter ( Mr. A. E. N icholson ), Chief-Inspector Martin, and P.S. Underhill.

The Chief Constable, in proposing "Exeter Division of the 5t. John Ambulance Brigade," said one and all appreciated the splendid work the Brigade had done in the past. One of t he principal things which had stru ck him was the splendid feeling which permeated the St. John Ambulance Br igade t hroughout the country. Exeter was to be c on g ratulated upon having such a splend id service in its midst- a servi ce wh ic h c ould turn out in case of accident like the Fire Brigade, with in t hree or four minutes therefore they were often the means of s aving life. The Ambulance Serv ice was a very cheap one when they considered it only cost the City about £ 100 a year.

First Officer R ivers thanked the Chief Constable for his r emarks. He himself had known the ups and downs of the Ex eter Divis ion since the inauguration, and in its early stages the B ri g ade had owed more to the Police than ,he could ex press.

BODM IN.-The annual meeting of the B odmin D vision 0 t he St. John Ambulance Brigade since it s resuscitation just ov er twel ve months ago was held at the Headquarters on F ebruary 4th. The President (Mai o r Lord Vivian, D.S.O. ) pr esided, and was supported by Sir Arthur May, K. C. B. , of St Tudy, one of the vice-presidents.

The President, at the outset, said as one officially connected wi th the ambulance brigade he wished to express their gratitude to the people of Bodmin and other towns in the county fo r the g reat help they had given financially to allow them to c arryon such work. He understood during the year the motor ambulance had carried 78 patients and traversed 2,32 4 mi les. That work had be"en useful work, the ourneys extend· ing as far \ Vest as St. Just and as far East as P lymouth. Fur ther they owed a great debt of g rat itude to the employers of the men who worked the ambulance for allow ing them to g et away from their ord inary duties when there had been urg ent calls.

The Hon Secretar y ( Mr. W. A W illiams ) in his report sa id : Much good wo rk has been achieved by the Brigade d ur ing the year just closed, and the value of such an organ!satio n to the district has been demonstrated beyond all pOSSible d oubt. Resuscitated in the autumn of 19 19 on the return of th e majority of the from active service , very co,ns iderab le interest was at once evmced m the work, and espeCia ll y so wh en the Brigade was presented with a fine motor a m bulance fo r use in the district which it serves Si r Arthur May referring to the future, said the finances of th e Brigade would be in a far more satisfactory state than in th e pa s t. As they knew a joint committee had been appointed of the S.J A.A. and the B.R.C. to deal with the new work th ey were to undertake in the county. One of decisions th ey had come to was that the funds of the two societies would b e pooled for future work. At the present moment the Red C ross had turned over a very considerable sum to the joint fu nd That would be a great help in the county. He knew th at their work would be greatly hampered if besides working th e ambulance they had to collect funds to maintain it. Under th e proposed new scheme every place in the would contribute its quota to work, was only and proper. He the Brtgade contmued Sllccess.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

The Divisions in this District are finding it increasingly di fficult to carry out their usual winter owing the very disturbed state of country, particularly m D ublin where m')st of the DIVISions have their headquarters. Divisions are, however, carrying on as usual, and at S.J .A . B. headquar.ters have been arranged for the m embers of Nursmg DIVISions on Thursdays 3 and 7 p.!f1.

T he offi cers in charge of these classes are District Offi cer MISS

E. F. Blandford and Lady Corp s S upt. M r s R obi nso n, and the instruction has been very kindly undertaken by D r. Ab rahamson, Lady Supts Mrs Bewley and Miss O Kelly , wh ile Supt. W. Paget Haffield and Ambulance Officer R. Wr ight take the drills.

There has also been a class for men-Di strict S ur geon Mather Thom s on giving a course of his br illiant lectures. Gully, M c Camley and others g iving the band agi ng mstructlOn

Offi cers and members of the Nursing Di vi sions turned out on January 27th to act as a guard of honour on the occas ion of the marriage of Lady Supt. Miss Mary Cartan O'M ea ra t o Captain Neville Anderson at the Uni ver s ity Chur ch S t. Stephen S Green. M iss O Meara was one of the most po p ular offi ce rs, and she carries with her the best wishes of the Di str io t for her future happiness.

The sympathy of the Distri ct is extended to D is tr ic t Surgeon Dr. W. C. Stevenson whose mother, Mrs. W. R. Ste venson, has recently died after a long illness

D istrict Surgeon Seton Pringle, F.R.C. S .I. , has presente d to the Commiss ioner a handsome cup - to be k n own as the Indi vi dual C halle n ge Cup-to be competed for annually b y ind ividul members of Ambulance Di v is ions. The exam in a t io n to be on the current edition of" Cantlie s First A id. "

The Returns Cup for the best kept records in the D istr ic has been won by-Naas Nursing Division ( Lady Supt. , Mis s Moore ) ; the runner up are-5t. Stephen S G reen N urs in g D ivision (Lady Sup t., Mrs. R owlette ) and Kin gs town Nu rsi ng D iv ision ( Lady Supt. , M iss C Nugent )

The Middleton Curt is Shield for the best kept re cords in the City and County of Dubl in ha s been won b y- St. Stephen' s Green Nursing Division (Lady S upt., Mrs. Rowlette ); t he runners up being- Kin g stown N ursing D vis ion ( Lad y Supt., Miss C. Nugent ) and Alexanda College N ursin g Divi s ion ( Lady Supt., Mrs. Thompson )

Reviews.

FIRST AID TO THE INJ U RED A ND S I CK. By F. J Warwick , &c., and A C. Tun st a ll, M.D., &c A n A dva n ced Handboo k. I 50th Tho u sand. Bristol : J ohn Wr ig ht & Sons , Lt d Price 2S 6d

F OR th s, as fo r p rev io us ed itions of "F ir st Ai d to In jured, &c., by 1)rs. WarwiCk and Tunsta ll , we ha ve n o th in g bu t praise U nlike other co mposers of " Ad vance d Textb oo ks," its a ut hors re c ognise through out the limit a t ions of th e a n d avoid an y th in g which mi g ht seem to lOterfe ren ce, their concept ion of" advanced " betng .a little of anatomy and physiolo g y than what IS essent ial to Firs t Ai d a wider range of instruction in banda gi ng, the of numerous poisons additional to those, th e effects of wh ic h a re more commonly met with, and a more surve y of transport in all its branches. F ur ther , the bo.ok IS well got up, is printed on good paper and has a mdex. In sh ort our one suggestion is that at the ne xt r t:v lslOn s0rr:te r e fe ren ce .t o the Thomas Splint might well be tncluded tn vi ew of. Its practical ut ility during the re cent wa r and the need for keep mg up -to-date our senior ambulance men to whom t he book ha s proved exceedingly useful.

AN HISTORICAL O U TLINE OF AMBU L ANCE.

By Charles H. M iles, L.R.C. P ( Lond. ). B ristol : John Wright & Sons, Ltd p r£ce Jd p ostage 2 d extra.

This is an elegant little pamphlet in which the a uth o r touches lightly and pleasantly on the history of a mbulan ce work from the days of the Greeks before !r?y to the foun dation of the St. John Ambulance ASSOCiatIon. For another superb classical reference to work refer ou r reader to the closing lines of Homer s Iliad, book Xl.

New Conditions of Enrolment in the R.N.A.S.B.R

THE Chief Commissioner has been notified by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that they have had under review the conditions of service in the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, and that after careful con· sideration they have approved the following changes in the Regulations for this Reserve :-

I. 'E7lrolmellt and Coniiti01lS of Service in Time of Peaa.

Men will be enrolled in the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve up to the maximum number of 1,27 S·

Every member of the Reserve will in future, up to the age of 40, be liable for general service in the Sick Berth Branch of the Royal Navy when called out.

2. On rea ching the age of 40, the Reservist will be allowed to volunteer for

(a) General Service, or _

(b) Shore and harbour service at home.

3. The declaration signed on enrolment will in future contain an undertaking to serve in H.M. Royal Naval Sick Berth Service for the period of hostilities, in the event of war breaking out during the term of enrolment. Tne present undertaking to serve for six months or for period of mobilisation, such period not to be longer than one year unless the Reservist voluntalily re-engages should be deleted from the Form of declaration, which will be amended as necessary on reprint.

4. Instead of being classified, as at present, as " an 1 "Junior" Reservf. Attendants, all Reservists will be e nrolled as Probationary Sick Berth Atttendants, R N.A.S B R, and will be confirmed as Sick Berth Attendants, R.N.A.S.B.R., after year, pro"ided they have obtained the Advanced First Aid and Nursing Certificate and have been through either the Hospital (lr Man-ofWar Course.

S. The existing reg ulations with regard to uniform will continu .; in force. Their Lordships have under consideration, however, the question of increasing the present grant of £6 in respect of Kit allowed to each Reservist wben call e d out, and a further decision on this point will be announced in due

6. The declaration of readiness to serve, at present quarterly by members of the Royal Naval Auxlllary Sick Berth Reserve, will be rendered annually in future.

7. wh? during the preceding year have (I) undergone traInIng 10 a Naval Hospital or Ship, ('2) attendtd the by the Inspecting Officer and passed sa.tlsfactonly, and (3) conformed in all reSpEcts to the regulatIons of the Reserve and (as regards efficiency) ?f St. John Ambulance Brigade, will be paid a bounty, In tIme of peace, of £4 per annum in the case of Probationary Sick Berth Attendants, and £5 per annum in the case of .c onfirmed Sick Berth Attendants. The question of allOWIng a smaller rate of bounty to those Reservists who do not undergo annual training but who conform to the other conditions stated, is under consideration.

8. !?e of 2S. for the day of inspection and IS. for prOVlSlons, paid under present regulations to Reservists attending the inspection, will be abolished in the case of Reservists who receive the above bounty.

9· Training alld Courses of Instruction. Their Lordships do not consider it necessary to

AID. - February, 192 I. increase the period of annual training at present provi?ed for.

10. A further announcement will be made 'as to the revision of the allowances payable for Lecturers, Examiners and Local Expenses in the case of Reservists presenting themselves for examination in First Aid and Nursing subjects.

I r. Reservists undergoing training or called out will be paid the Continuous Service Substantive rates of pay of the corresponding ratings in the Royal Nauy in lifu of the existing rates laid down in the regulations. Mobilised service will reckon towards increased rates of pay in those ratings.

12. The allowance of IS. is now payable to Reservists attending a Hospital Course, for each attendance of two hours up to a maximum of 14 attendances, will be discontinued.

13. Lodging, provision and subsistence allowanc f, s will be pa yatIe at the ratE s applicable to the Royal Navy. Marriage allowance will be paid at the rates and under the conditions applicable in the Royal Navy in the case of Reservists called up or undergoing training for not less tnan 7 days.

14 The allowance of 3s. 6d. a day payable under present regulations, for a penod Dot lxceeding six months, to a Reservist while under training will be increased to 6s. a day.

IS. The duties upon which Sick Berth Reservists may be employed when under training or called up are the same as tbose required of Sick Berth Rating, R.N.

16 Conditions of Service when Called Old.• Reservists called out for service in the Royal Navy will be employed, and will receive pay and allowancEs, as laid down in paragraphs II, 13, and 16 above. Men employed on the work of- a higher rating owing to vacancies in complement will be eligible for difference of pay as Fovided in the King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions.

17. The allowance of a 1 s. a day to Reservists employed in a ship of war in war time will be discontinued.

18. Transfer of Ptesent Personnel

Junior Reserve Attendants, St:nior Reserve Attendants, and Reserve Wardmasters who served in the late war will transfer to the confirmed ratings of Sick Berth Attendant, Leading Sick Berth Attendant, and Sick Berth Chief Petty Officer respectively, and will be eligible, during train7 ing or if called out, to rates of pay calculated on their mobilised service.

19. Sick Berth Attendants and Leading Sick Berth Attendants, rated as such under the preceding paragraph, will be eligible for advancement to Leading Sick Berth Attendant and to Sick Berth Petty Officer respectively without examination, if otherwise qm.lified under the King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions.

20. All future advancements will be governed by the conditions laid down by the Stck Berth Branch of the Royal Navy.

A Course of Maternity Lectures commenced on February Iotb, at the Wesleyan Church, St. John Square, E.c. I, at 7 p.m. Those wishing to join the Class should apply to Mrs. Calvin Lines, The School Room, St. J obn's Square, E. C. 1. It is necessary to attend 8 out of 12 Lectures to obtain the Certificate.

Februa.ry, 19 2 1. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULAN·CE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

JANUARY, 1921.

The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Plymouth, Sub Prior Acting on behalf of the Grand Prior, has sanctioned the appointment of District Officer George Charles Wells to the rank of Assistant Commissioner for the County of Bedfordshire, NO·3 District, 21.1.2 I.

The Chid Commissioner has sanctioned the f-ollowiug appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 38 (F ulham) Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Surgeon Dr. Burgess resigned, 7·1.21.

No. 12N (Watfo rd ) Nursing Division. - Divisional Surgeon F. E. Reynolds transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 4·1.21.

NO.1 (S t. John's Gate ) Division.-Divisional Surgeon C. W. Hirsch transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 5·1.21.

No. 47N (F insbury ) Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Eleanor E. Franklin to be Lady Divisional Supt.,

1. 1.2 1. Brixton Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon John Stubbs transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 17.1.21.

No. 85 (B orough of Ealing) . I?ivision.-Captain Edwin Albert Chill M.D., eM., to be DIvIsIOnal Surgeon, 8.1.21.

No. 71 (Tottenham) Division .-J. Lewis Sykes, M.R.eS.,

L. R. e P., to Le Divisional Surgeon, 22. 12.20.

No. ( Children's Home) Dlvlslon.-Ernest

Beresford Keen, L.M.S S.A, to be DIvIsIOnal Surgeon, 4·1.21.

No. 70 (Ro yal Borough of Kensington) Nursmg Division.

-Private Percy Harman to be Ambulance Officer, 3I.I.2I.

No. 59 ( Carshalton ) Division.- Divisional Surgeon W. H. Passmore transfcrred to the Brigade Reserve, 2.2.21.

No. 75 (So uthend ) Division.-Ambulance Officer H. C. Clarke transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31. 1.2 1. NO.2 DISTRICT.

Oxford Corps (Oxford City Division ).- Private George Smith to be Ambulance Officer, 11.1.21.

City of Dristol Corps ( Imperial Division). - Staff Sergeant Alfred Williams to be Ambulance Officer, 18.1.21.

City of Bristol Corps.-Staff Sergeant Albert Lewis to be Corps Sergeant-Major, 1 9.1.21.

Reading Division.-Ambulance Officer W. Hilltard transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 27. 2 14.

Ambulance Officer J. Phillip3 transferred t<;> the BrIgade Reserve, 22.21.

Weston· Super-Mare Corps (Weston -S uper-Mare) sion ).-Philip Stanley Martin, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be DIVIsional Surgeon, 2 5.1.21.

H. Aleen Driver, L.R.C.P.&S., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 2 5.1.21.

D'

N orton Hill Division.-Samuel Lloyd Harvey to be lVIsional Supt., 2 5.1.21. Slough Diuision.-Ambulance Officer Henry Smith to be Divisional Supt., 2 5.1.21.

NO.3 DISTRICT.

County of Worcestershire.-Corps Officer Edward Adlard to be District Officer, 8.1.21. . County of vVarwickshire.-Corps Supt. Harold Webster, M.R.C.S to be COllnty Surgeon, 8.1.21. .'

Birminp m Nursing Corps (Harborne Nursmg DIVISIOn )

-Ambulance Sister Mrs. Elsie Smith to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22.12.20.

Birmingham Corps.-Corps Officer William Edgar Ballard to be Corps Supt., 8.1.21.

Ambulance Officer Edwin Elliott to be Corps Officer, 8.1.21.

Divisional Supt. George Edward Kingsnorth to be Corps Officer, 9.1.21.

Loughborough Nursing Division.-Lacl.y Divisional Supt. Miss Mary Welch transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.2.21.

N<? 4 DISTRICT.

District Staff.-Divisional Supt. Charles Herbert FowlerJones to be District Officer, 4·I.21. Ellesmere Corps (Worsley Nursing Division ).-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. G. Harland resigned, I L 1.21.

Padiham Nursing Division.-Ambulan ce Sister l\1artha Chippendale to be Lady Divisional Supt., 30.12.20, vice Mrs. Helm resigned, 30-4.19.

Trawden Division.-Private Willie Driver to be Ambulance Officer, 7.1.21.

Burnley Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mackenzie resigned, 18. I.2 I.

Bollington Division. ·-T. Conrad Reeves, M.R.C S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 10.1.21, vice D. Main resigned.

Morecambe Division.-Hastings Harley Molloy M.D., B.Ch , to he Divisional Surgeon, 10. 1.2 I.

BootIe Nursing Division.-Divisional Surg eon A. McPherson resigned, 21. 1. 2 1.

Staleybridge and Dukinfield Division.-Henry Bowns to be Honorary President, 19·1.21.

Ellesmere Corps (Swinton Division ).-Sergeant George Heeley to be Ambulance Officer, 22.1.21.

Heywood Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer L. Fairweather 1.2.21.

Ambulance Sister Miah Ann Hamer to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17·1.21.

Astley Brigade Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. E. Scholes granted leave of absence from 18.2.21 to ,)0.6.21.

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Keighley Corps ( Glusburn Nursing-pivision).-Ambulance Sister Florence Ashbee to be Lady Dlvl310nai Supt., 14. 12 20 , vice Miss Shuttleworth deceased.

Silverwood Colliery Division.-Divisional Surgeon G. H. Sedgewick resigned, 18 1.21.

Divisional Supt. W. H . Ball reSigned, 18.1.21.

Ambulance Officers C. Chrisp and D. Tuke reS igned, 18.1.21. Pontefract and District Corps ( Featherstone DlVlslOn).William Stanley Finch, L.R,C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3 J. 12.20.

Ambulance Officer Percy George Brooke to be Divisional SUpt.,31.12.20. \

Pontefract and District Corps (Pontefract DlvlslOn /.Private Harold Robinson to be Transport Officer, 31. I 2.20. Hasland Division.-Sergeant Thomas Reeves to be Ambulance Officer, 17. 12 20

Tibshelf Corps.- Thomas A. to be Corps Supt., vice Corps Supt. Carter left the brIgade.

Nottingham Corps (B eeston. NurSing Dlvlslon ).-Lady Arhbulance Officer Mrs. Smith reSigned, I.

Biddulph and District Corps lNorton-lll- the-Moo.rs. PIVIsion.-Ambulance Officer Edward.Hargreaves to be DlVlslOnal Supt., 31.1.21, vice J. Brindley reSigned, 18.10.20.

Il8 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- Fe bruary, Ip l.

County of Nottinghamshire.-Assistant CommissIOner A. H. Gibson resigned, 18.1.21. NO.6 DISTRICT.

District Surgeon, Professor E. Morrison transferred to the B ri gade Reserve, 1. 2. 21.

Hull Corps (Western Nursing Division ).- Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs Ethel Hallam to be Lady Divisional Supt., 24.I2.20, vice Mrs. Spafford resigned.

Grosmont Division.-Divisional Surgeon P. A. S. Dyson resigned, I 8.1. 21.

Divisional Supt. ]. Harrison resigned, 18.1.21.

Sunderland Nursing Division. - Divisional Surgeon 1. G. Modlin, O.B.E ,resigned, 18.1.2J.

Gateshead Fell Division. -S ergt. John Butler to be Ambulance Officer, 18.11.21.

Hull Corps ( Hull and Harnsley Railway (Alexandra Dock ) Division).-Corpl. John Duncan Carlile to be Ambulance Officer, 12.1.21.

Sunderland Eastern Division.-Pte. J. \N. Gordon to be Am bulance Officer, 14.1.21.

Sergt. vV. Graham to be Ambulance Officer, 12.1.22.

Sergt. D. Nelson to be Ambulance Officer, 13.1.21.

Sergt. Stanley Holden to be Ambulance Officer, 15.I.2I.

Burnmoor Nursing Division. Lady Divisional Supt.

Miss M. A. Butterworth resigned, 2.2.21.

Lady Ambulance Officer Miss B. Woodall resigned, 2.2.21.

Spennymoor Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon T.

W. Hinsley resigned, 2.2 21.

West Hartlepool Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister

Sarah Robson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 19.1.21.

Gateshead Borough Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon A. Witherspoon resigned, 27.1.21.

Ashington Coal Company Corps ( Duke Division ).- It is regrelted to have to report the death of Divisional Supt. R. Hmdhaug-h.

Sunderland Social Centre Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. H. Croft res ign ed, 1.2.21.

Divisional Surgeon Dr. Chamlers resigned, 1.2.21.

Lady Ambulance Officer A. H. Read resigned, 1.2.2I.

Darlington Nursing Division.-Murdo Buchanan M.B. Ch.B. to be Divisional Surgeon, 25.1.21. "

Jarrow Nursing DivislOn.-George Robert Bruce, M.D., D.P.H. to be Divisional Surgeon, 17.1.21.

Victoria Garesfield and Rowlands Gill Nursing Division.Ambulance Sister Eleanor Matheson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17·1.21., vice Lady Ambulance Officer :Mrs. E. Acott resigned.

Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

lV!rs. LIZZie Wakefield to be Lady Divisional Supt., 7. 12 .21, vice Mrs. Walker resigned.

Gateshead Fell Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mrs. Isabel Boggan to be Lady Ambulance Officer, T7.I.21.

NO.7 DISTRICT.

District Staff.-D.ivisional Surgeon and Supt. Major

Arthur Fredenck Exham, M. D., to be District Officer for S hropshlfe, 19 1.21.

Corps. (Broseley Nursing Division ).- Ambu-

laI!c e Sister Mrs. Edith Mabella . Fox Edwards to be Lady Supt., 1.2.21, vice Mrs. Pott, who reverts to Ambulance Sister at own request.

Shrewsburp Corps.-Ambulance Officer Harry Beaman to be Corps Officer, 13.1.21.

NO. 8 DISTRICT.

Staff.-Ist Class Sergeant John James Corneilious to be D.lstnct Sergeant-Major, 14.1.21.

quddford Corps (Herstham Nursing Division).-Lady

Supt. MISS D. Coleman resigned, 17.12.20.

GUlldford Corps.-Horace Lake Lewis 0 BE M B

C.M., t<;> be Corps Surgeon, 17.1.21. , , -., quddford Corps (Cam berley and W.indlesham Nursing

Dlvlslon).-Lady Ambulance Officer Jessie Emmeline L d Peters, A.R.R.C., to be Lady Divisional Supt 27 J 220 a. y Lady Knowles promoted. ., . . , vice Ambulance Grizel Cochrane to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27. 12 .20, vice Lady Peters promoted.

Guildford Corps (Clandon Nursing bivision) -Ambulance Sister Miss Annie Flores to be Nursing Officer, 7.12.20, vice Mrs. Sharples resigned, 28.12.20.

Littlehampton Division.-Sergeant Arthur Healey to be Ambulance Officer, 8.1.20.

Isle of Thanet Corps (Ramsgate Town Division ).-Divisional Surg evn A. L. Johnstone to be Acting Divisional Surgeon, 1.1. 21. NO.9 DISTRICT.

Torquay Nursing Division. - Rowland Ward, M.C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. to be Divisional Surgeon, 26.1. 21. No. 12 DISTRICT.

Kingstown Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Charlotte Nugent to be Lady Divisional Supt., 6.1.21, vice Mrs. vVoodward reverted at own wish to Lady Ambulance Officer.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM'RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Orpington Division.-J. C. Glanville, Esq. to l1e Honorary Vice-President, 5.1.2I. Bricklayer's Arms Division.- Thomas Belsey, Esq., to be Honorary Vice-President, 6.1.21.

South Ashford Division. - R. Campbell Nicholl, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.1.2I, vice D. Button resigned

Ramsgate Station Division. - Richard J. Archibald, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.1.21. Bastings Division. - Divisional Surgeon J. Farnfield, re21.1.21.

Victoria Division.- The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Derby, K.G., G.C.V.O., C.B., P.c., to be Honorary President, 27.1.21. Christopher Vincent Hill, Esq. to be Honorary VicePresident, 27.1.21.

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Slough (G.W.R. ) Division.-Sanctioned 21.2.21.

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Corby Ambulance Division.-Sanctioned 29.1.21. Bearwood Ambulance Division.-Sanctioned 8.2.21.

White and Poppe Division re-named "The Holbrooks " Division.-I.2.2I.

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Y.M.C.A. Division. - Sanctioned, 18. 1.21.

Worsley Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 11.1.21.

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Longton Division.-Disbanded I. 1.2 I.

Silverwood Colliery Division.--Disbanded 18.1.21.

l'-iO. 6 DISTRICT.

Burnmoor Nursing Division. -D isbanded 2.2.21.

Spennymoor Nursing Division.-Disbanded 2.2.21.

Grosmont Division.-Disbanded 18.121.

Newcastle Central Division re-named Hewcastle City Division. -1.2.21.

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Horstham Nursing Division.-Disbanded 3 2 2 I. Hythe Division.-Disbanded 18.1.2I.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Dorchester D ivision.-Sanctioned 2 I. I. 2 I.

JAMES R. ANDREW (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

MEMORANDUM REF. 104, REVISION 1919 (BRIGADE ORDER 353).-The Ambulance Committee has decided that persons qualified under the above regulations to receive the voucher, medallion or label for the time they were serving with H.M. Forces must submit their applications to the Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association before September 30th, 19 21

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., fan. 5 th , I9 2I

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction. the fo llowing promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Pno:y of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem lD Enland:-

As Knights of Grace:

Si r Elliot Graham <:olvin, K.C.S.1.

Li eut.-Colon el William Scatterty, M.D., R.A.M.C. (R.), (from Esquire).

As Esquires :

Li eut.-Colonel Flederick Samuel Lambert, M.'R.C.S., R.A.M.C.T.(T.F.).

W illiam Bolton (from Honorary Serving Brother )

As Honorary Serving Brothers:

J a mes Nightingale , H enry Hallmark.

Absalom Evanson.

W illiam Coulthard.

Jo hn Richard Caddick.

Jo seph Christopher Oldham.

J am es Henry Lord.

Bennett Wood. Willi3;m Gilling.

W ilham Wilkes.

Jo hn Campbell Graham.

Jo hn Edward Collingham.

Sergt.- Major George Rob ert Prior. Sergt. Francis John Pooley. Corpl. Leonard Peart.

Corp1. Rowland Edwin Billingham.

As Honorary ServinfJ Sisters:

Selena Annie, Mrs. McNaught.

R osabell e, Miss Osbor!le, R.R.C.

Margaret Gemmell, MISS Talt.

E dith Miss Limmer.

B essi; Miss McNicol.

Mabel: Miss Price.

E mmie, Johnstone.

Kathryn, MISS Kemp Glenny.

As Honorary Associates:

H enry Willian Le. Mesurier, C.M.G.

D avid Monroe BaIrd.

Malcolm Robert Clark, M.D. Florence Ann, Miss Thompson.

The Council of the Order has forwarded to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales no donation of one hundred guineas to the Boy Scouts' Appeal for funds.

The annual ambulance under the auspices of the Pontypool Eisteddfod Will be held on Easter Tuesday at the Ambulance Hall, Pontypool. ." Th e will be contests for the Shzeld f and "The Hanbury Bowl" for ladles; also or men, '11 b ff d E P rizes to the value of II gUlDeas WI e 0 ere ssays. . f h S t 7 Full particulars may be obtal!1ed rom t e ecre ary, 1 , Nicholas-street, Pontypool, pn.ce 3 t d:, free. These Competitions are mcreasmg m populanty b - and are attracting teams froUl the English y year, counties.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING JanualY 22 V.A.D. nursiog members were posted to Ministry of Pensions (20) and Naval (2) Hospitals.

Applications for ex-Service women for free passages In connection with the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women number 922.

A V.A.D. wedding which took place at the British Em bassy Chapel on January 19th will, we thmk, be of interest to our readers. The bride, Miss L. E McGregor, G S., V,A.D., was married to Major H. G. Hobson, O B.E, M.e., R A.M.C., by Principal Chaplain Hugh es and Canon Whitehouse, Embassy Chaplain. The bride was given away by Colonel C. B. Martin, C.M.G, Deputy Director of Medical Services, and Surgeon Commander Smyth, R.N., acted as best man. Miss Mac rae, G S., V.A. D., who was in uniform, attended the brIde. The wedding was made particularly pretty by the presence of fifty G.S V A.Ds. in white uniforms? and a number of Major Hobson's military and other fnends were present. 9:'he honeymoon is being spent at Bebek.

It is with very great regret we have to announce the death ofV.A.D. Assistant Nurse Miss Dorothy Horrell from influenzOl, at the Citadel Hospital, Cairo, on January 9 th Miss Horrell was 32 years of age and an old College girl. She served at the King HospItal, the Queen Alexandra Hospital, Millbank, and m France, and was posted in September, 1919, to Her funeral took place in the Military Cemetary, Cairo, the Colonel and senior R.A.M.C: officers of the hospital carri ed. her to the grave. The band and firing partr were prOVIded by the Fusiliers. The G.G.c. SIr Walter Con grave was present at the cemetery.

The Principal Matron :-

I need not tell YOll how much we mourn her loss which has come as a great sho ck to everyone of her at the Citadel. Miss Horrell was a very charming girl. The deep sorrow by the patients and the whole staff of the Citadel Hospital IS a tribute to her work and worth.

Miss Horrell was a member of Essex 1 6.

From the Welfare Department we are informed that as the twelve months for which Beechgrove was so ously lent by Captain and Mrs Fullerton James and MISS Hichens expire on March 1st, It has become necessary to close the V.A. D. Convalescent Home. It cannot nately be said that there is no longer any need for thIS Home, but it is hoped the new HOI?e will be oper ed in the Spring under the regIS .of the J?lll t Nursing and V.A.D Com.mittee of the ,DOlted SerVIces Fund. If this hope IS reahsed a proportlOn of the beds will be reserved for V.AD.

The Christmas festivities, which lOcluded a were greatly enjoyed by the patients, and the Home IS at present absolutely full.

The Welfare Department is a t busy. trYlOg to arrange for the disposal of .patlents as WIll not. be com Ietely recovered, so as to as far as the which would otherWIse aTlSe O? the ?f Beechgrove. The proportion of cases wh Ich wIll remam to be dealt with is fortunately smaller than was anticipated. b' d f Mi"s A letter of great interest has een receive rom Cantelin who was trained under the V.A.D. Scholarship Scheme' as a Health Visitor, and who has now gone to

February, 1921 FIRST

AI D.- 121

work for six months with Lldy Muriel Paget's Unit in Czechslavakia. Miss Cantelin holds a good post under the County Medical Officer of for Essex, which is very kindly being kept open for her and to which she hopes to return.

To give you some litt'e idea of the difficulties of the country I will tell you my experiences of last Friday. I heard there was a baby very ill up in the mountains, so I set off by wagon at 7.30 a.m, escorted by a soldier. We drove for two hours and walked for two hours and eventually reached the house. The snow was ,deep it was many times up to my thighs and the soldier had to help me out. saw that the baby required immediate operation to save its life, and endeavoured with my little bit of Slovak picked up here to explain this to the mother. She, however, dreaded the idea of a hospital and refused to come, and for two hours we argued with her, and it was not tlll threatened to bring a Priest to her that she consented to come. The father was drunk on the only bedstead in tbe room, and five other children were almost naked, and the pig was under the bed, and the fowls on the bed, and such appalling dirt have never seen in my life before. Three or four times on the way back to the wagon she tried to run away, and we had to bold on to her. We eventually got her to the wagon and drove to the nearest station to find the train had gone, so we had to another pair of horses and drive to the main line station. Here we arrived at 630 p.m. to find there was no train till 9.30 However, with a little persuasion I got the guard to allow me take the woman and child on a luggage train. We travelled in this for an hour and then had to drive in another waggon for another hour. We eventually arrived at the English hospital at IO p,m. The operation was performed immediately, and on leaving the ne xt morning the baby was doing fairly welL This will give you some idea of the difficulties under which we have to work.

Barnoldswick Centre.

THR first year of the newly ,formed Barnoldswick Centre of the St. ] ohn Am bulance Association has been most succesful. Chiefly owing to the efforts af Dr. Arnot in conjunction with the other members of the Centre has been able to acquire commodious headquarters at 55, York-street, where it now has a fully equipped ambulance station and an up-to-date ambulance car, which is within call of every member of the Centre. The late Mr. Hewitt.-Dean, of Culne, gene rously presented a centrally situated spot of land on which it is hoped to build an am bulance memorial drill ha.ll. This land is held in trust for the Centre by the local Council.

A successful gala and sports meeting was held during the year, with ambulance competitions for men, women and boy scouts. The manufacturers of Barnoldswick presen:ed for annual competition a handsome silver challenge shlc:ld, which was won by the Brierfield Division in the am bulance 5quad competition. A silver challenge cup for an annual am bulance competition in connection with the boy scouts was presented by Mr. A. Nelson, a vice-president.

The Centre supplies each manufacturer with a fully equipped ambulance box, and to each mill a stretcher in adJitlOn, with a chart showing the names and addresses of the mem bers of the Centre, who can thus be summonrd at short notice in the case of accident.

The Centre has also decided to provide a miniature library of books on first aid, nursing, tubercolosis, veneral diseases, birthrate and mortality, and other similar books

likely to be of interest to its members; and, ·through the the kindness of the medical staff have been able to arrange for fortnightly lectures or papers on these and kindred subjects.

Shaving Brushes.

THE Ministry of Health has called attention to the dang er which a new shaving brush still constitutes if its antice dents are not known. There have been many deaths fro m anthrax following the new brushes, and there are still "a large num ber " of such brushes in the hands of retailers.

It is suggested that medical officer of health should communicate with all retail chemists and other dealers in sha ving brushes in their districts and warn them of the dang er of Japauese shaving brushes which may be still in stock. If the owners refuse to have th e bru3hes destroyed the brush es are to be securely wrapped up 'and returned to the whol esale dealers with an explanation.

A " reliable" method of disinfection is now given as follows :-The brush should b(-

(a) Thoroughly washed with soap and warm water containing a little washing soda and then allowed to stan d for half an hour in warm water containing a little soda.

(b) Placed in a warm solution of formaldehyde (on e part of 40 per cent. formalin and parts of water-a 2! pe r cent. solution of formaldehyde) for half an

(c) Allowed to dry.

Complete sterilization of the brushes is impracticable! and while the method above will free the exposed part o f the hair from infection, it does not affect spores imbedde d in the handle of the brush.

A few notes on treatment for anthrax are given an d the following figures supplied by the Medical Inspector o f Factories with regard to the various treatments practised in 8 00 cases is interesting ;-

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve

DISTRICT REPORTSNo.1; NO.3; NO.4; No. 9 No. 12

REV IEWSFirst Aid to the Injured and Sick An Historical Outline of Ambulance

New Conditions of Enrolment in the RN.A.S.B.R

TH E ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEOfficial Brigade Gazette

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of J erusalern in England

Priory of

V.A.D. Notes and News

Barnoldswick Centre

Shaving Brushes

Brevities ...

Sou th-Eastern and Chatham Ry. Ambulan ce Centre

Th e "Dewar" Chalienge Shield and "Symons Eccles" Chellenge Cup

Gold en Rules in Competition

LETT ERS TO THE EDlTORTeaching Real First Aid

The Button Hole Badge

A Simplified Text-Book

PRA CTICAL POINTSDangers of Epilepsy

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSSpelling of "Silvestec" ", Dressing of Wounds

Treatment of Fractured Humerus

Setting a Fracture

NO.

s kind of information if of real value, and the Ministry of Health has performed a service in issuing it.

The Commissioner of the No. 5 District has under consideration the holding of a camp at Blackpool during Whit-week from Saturday, May 14th to Saturday, May 21St.

During the quarter ended December 31st, the London Ambulance Service r e ceived 4,891 calls, as compared with 4,541 in the corresponding three months of 19 [9. Following a communication from the Deptford Borough Council, it has been decided that the extension of the scope of service to include cases of a non-infectious character not occurring in public institutions is not practicable with the present fl ee t of ambulances. It is pointed out that these cases are already partly provided for by the Metropolitan Asylums Board and the St. John Ambulance Association, whilst private firms also carry out ambulance work.

THE British Red Cross Society has struck a medal for presen tation to its numerous war workers who have received n o British decoration or medal. Among those entitled to re ceive it are all the members of the Society or its Volunta ry:Aid Detachments who, during the war, gave a minimum un paid service at home or abroad of not less than 1,000 ho urs. In the case of ambulance drivers and bearers, the minimum number of hours is seo. For air raid duty, in th e course of which great personal danger was in many ca ses incurred, there is no fixed minimum period of service and the Red Cross County Presidents will nominate for th e medal in their discretion.

The medal, which is in gilt, with a - white-ribbed silk ri bbon, is the only one ever issued by the Blitish Red Cross Society. Engraved on the obverse is the Well-known symbol, with the words "For war service, 19[4- 1 9 18 ," while the reverse bears the Red Cross motto, I( Inter arma caritas." Forms of application can be obtained from the Secretary, British Red Cross Society, 19, Bekeley-street, W. I. Env.elopes should be marked" B.R.C.S. medal."

SURPLUS medical stores accumulated by the Government during the war are to be offered for sale in London in the near future to hospitals and similar institutions. By an arrangement concluded with the Joint Council of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the British Red Cross Society the Ministry of Munitions has been relieved from the task of disposing of stores and accessories of this cate_ gory still r e maining in the hands of the Government.

"I- **

THE value of the material in this country is estimated at £500,000, while further supplies have yet to be received from overseas. These stores are to be brought to one centre in London, then graded and offered for sale on reasonable terms to hospitals, surgical aid societies, convalescent homes, and institutions of a like nature supported by voluntary contributions. The part played by he British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John in these transactions will be purely a voluntary one, and the whole of proceeds of the sales will go to the National Exchequer.

* * 41-

THE Workman's Compensation Board of Aloerta has issued an order requiring all emplOyers of labour within the province to maintain first aid equipment at their working places. The nature and amount of equipment and supplies are regulated according to the number of employes in each establishment, and when the number exceeds fifty workers at least one man must hold a certifir.ate of competency to render First Aid to the Injured. Similar regulations issued by the Workman's Compensation Board of British Columbia went into effect in that province in September last. By these regulations every employer of over ten workmen must keep on hand a first aid kit, and every employer of one hundred or more work people must have a First Aid room with prescribed equipment and supplies. Every employer of fifteen or more workmen employed more than five miles from a medical practitioner must have at the place of employment one person holding a certificate of First Aid. ***

AMONG other proposals for employing V.AD. members in peace time, the following were put forward at Truro recently :-" That nursing units and Women's V.A. Detachments be employed: (a) at maternity and infant welfare centres in co-operation with local committees, under the supervision of responsible medical or nursing authority'; (b) in giving assistance to district nurses, in co-operatio!1 with District Nursing under .the stipervision of responsible medical or nursmg (c) in visiting tubercolosis cases in villages under the direction of the county tubercolosis officer; (d) in supplementing the staff of voluntary hospitals and nursing homes; (e) in attendance upon masseurs and masseuses at orthopcedic clinics organised by tpe Joint County Committee on behalf of the Ministry of Pensions."

South Eastern and Chatham Railway Ambulance Centre'

Awards made by the Station Masters, Inspectors, Locomotive Foremen and G;:!oeral Ambulance Prize Fund, 19 20 :-

Bricklayer West, Ashford West.-West effected a gallant rescue from drowning at Folkestone Har bour, where he was working A girl fell in the water, and West swam a distance of 50 yards and caught the child as she sank for the last time. Owing to the fact that he he had entered the water in his heavy boots and clothes, he himself sank and had to be pulled out into a boat which had come to the rescue.

Foreman Sharp, Sevenoaks Bat and Ball.-A lad IS years of age tried to commit suicide by cutting the arteries and veins of the wrist; by gas suffocation and by swallowing the contents of a bottle of embrocation. Sharp treated the case in a very efficient manner and was highly commended by the medical man who was called to the case.

Foreman Manser, Ash J unction.- This award is made in connection with two cases with which Manser had to deal at Ash on February 18th and July 1st, 1920. Very efficient first aid was rendered on the first occasion to two soldiers who had been thrown from a motor bicycle and side car, and on the second occasion to the driver of a horse and van, the horse having become frightened and bolted.

Signalmen Hawker and Cook, Bricklayer's Arms.Great promptitude was shown by Signalman Hawker, assisted by Signalman Cook, in dealing with the case of Driver Heasman, who was run over and sustained comminuted fracture of both thighs, with severe bleeding.

Parcels Foreman Pooley, Holborn ; Driver Battersea .-Award made for services rendered in connection with the case of Inspector Collier who was knocked down and run over, sustaining compound fracture of the right leg with severe hre morrhage from the femoral artery. First Aid was rendered very promptly and efficiently by both men.

Ganger Stringer and Carriage Examiner West, Canltrbury West.-Awarded in connection with the case of Fireman Austen who slipped from the footplate of his engine and was run over. As a result of the accident Aust€..n sustained the loss of both limbs-one above and one btlow the knee- but, thanks to the promptitude of both men, within 20 minutes of the accident the patient was receiving surgical treatment at the hospital.

Clerk Boutne and Collector Boarer, Canterbury East. - These two men showed great resource and promptitude in dealing with the case of Ganger Penfold (age 72) who was knocked down and had one eye knocked out and lost th-; sight of the other ; also sustaining fractured skull and other injurits to the thigh and knee.

Goods Guard Hawking, Blackheath.-Very efficient first Aid was rendered by Guard Hawking in connection with .the case of a wagon repairer who was found lying on the hne at Old Oak Common (G.W.R.), and had been injured in the head and ear ; the right foot also being badly c rushed

Pc:icker H. Croucher, Inspector Osborne, Signalman Harrell and Shunter Buttress, Folkestone Harbour.-For services rendered in connection with the case of Fireman Fleet who was knocked down by an engine and sustained severe wounds on the left leg, right foot and left shoulder. The house surgeon at the hospital expressed his appreciation of the way in which the patient had been removed.

Dist. Relief Signalman Crouch, Pcnge; Shunter C. E. Bedford, Herne H.ill.-Good work was performed by the above in dealing with the case of a lad of IS who had his right arm mangled and crushed. After treatment the patient was conveyed to King's College Hospital.

Good Guards Neal, Tonbridge.-While playing with her brother, aged 8, a five-year old child went to the fire to put on some coal, when a cinder fell out of the grate and set her clothes alight. Prompt first aid was rendered by Guard Neal, but the child was seriously injured and had to be taken to the Cottage Hospital where she died the next day.

Ganger Thompsett, Kingswood.-Good service was rendered by the above in dealing with the case of a man who was found in a wood by the line with a broken leg, caused through a tree falling across the leg. Patient was carried three-quarters of a mile out of the wood and half a mile along the road to Purley Hospital.

The "Dewar" Challenge Shield, and "Symons Eccles" Challenge Cup.

CONDITION S O F COMPhTITION.

Fe bruary, 19 2 i.

-itlltST

reali ty necessitate his leaving the Squad, will report himself t o the Judge or Judg es, who will decide how long he is to be abs e nt from the Squad.

9.-If Pr e liminary Competitions are held, each team will find its own stretcher and regulation havresac and squa d water bottle. For the Final Competition a stretcher and first aid mater4al will be provided, and no other materi al or applianCES may be used by the competitors.

l o. The questions and supposed disabilities in the Pr elim inary Comp e titions, if held, shall be arranged by the Commissioner or other Officer in charge of the District, or as he may direct.

I I.-At the conclusion of an.y Preliminary Competiti on, the result may, at the discretion of the Judge or Ju dge s, be announced.

1 2.-The tests for all teams competing against each othe r, whether in the Preliminary or Fmal Competitions, sh all be identical, and in the event of more than one Judge being e ngaged, each Judge shall confine himself to judging su ch part of the work of later teams, as he has judged in the ca se of the first teams.

13 - The decision of the Judge or Judges at the Preli minary and Final Competitions will in all be fi nal.

Alb - tZ3

in.struct his team. and supervise the work generally he be permllted to No. ! or 3, or both, after hav1Og. prepared stretch e r,' to assist NO.2 and 4, eith er by foldmg bandages, 0: any other way, shoul? the supposed dIsabIlIty, 10 hIS opmIOn, require extra attentIOn. The necessary assistanc€ having been rend ered N os. I or 3 or both, will be directed to "stand to stretcher:"

At all Competitions points will be g ive for (a) prompt and correct answers to questions; (b) the correct n eat and rapid first aid appropriate to the case, with the applianc es at hand; (c) verbal explanation of further treatment and consi.dered j (d) skill and dexterity

10 prepanng, loadmg, carrymg and unloadin g str e tcher ; (e) Judgment as to means of transport necessary in each case, which may be explained verbally.

A time standa:d will be fixed by the jlJdge or jud ge s 10 Part 1. (b) and m Part II. Competitors exceeding t he time standard will lose marks.

Competitors may not use any part of uniform as a covering for the patient, or as a pillow. Loss of marks will follow non -observance of this condition

Golden Rules in Competition.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M B , B c. , CANTA B

T

.-A team shall consist of one officer, warrant officer, or N.C.O. and four privates. The whole shall be members of Corps or Divisions in the District which they represent, and shall wear the uniform of the Brigade, With th e written permission of the Chief Commissioner it will be allowable to substitute a sergeant or a corporal for one o f the privates, always provided that a senior is in charge , and in very exceptional cases a second corporal may tak e the place of a private.

2.-Each District may enter one team only.

3.-The Commissioner or other Officer in charge of a district may arrange for holding PreliminalY Competition s fur the purpose of selecting a team, or he may nominate a team to represent his district.

4:- The Officer or other member in charge of a Corp s or Division desiring to enter a team must send the entr y form correctly filled up, together with an entrance fee of two shillings and sixpence, to the Commissioner or other Officer in charge of his District, within one month after th e receipt of this notice.

5.-The Commissioner or other Officer in charge of a District, entering a team, will notify the Chief Commissiomr by March 31st, 1921, and send the entry form fo r the selected team to Brigade Headquarters on or before April 30th following.

G.-All first aid work will be judged in accordance with the 36th edition of the Official Text Book, "Firs t Aid to the Injured," by Colonel Sir James Cantlie, K.B.E , F.R.e.S., etc.

7.-The stretcher dlill will be judg(d in accordanc e with the Manual of Drill and Camping for the St. Joh n Ambulance Brigade (four bearers only), so far as is compatible with the nature of the patient's injuries.

8.-All first aid should be actually carried out as far as may be possible under the supposed circumstances, an d with the real (not make believe) appliances at hand. Afttrwards should any further treatment apl'ear desirable, an explanation of the same should be given to the Judg e verbally. A member of a competing team detailed by th e member in charge for any particular duty, whi;h would in

14.- The "Dewar" Shield shall b .3 held for twelve mont h s, or until the next Competition, by the District secur ing the first pri ze in the final stage of the Competition. I t sh all b e kept at such place as the Commissioner or other Offic er in charge of the district shall decide. In like man n er and under the same conditions, the "Symons Eccl es " Cup shall be held by the District securing the secon d place in the final stage of the Competition.

5 -Immediately aft er the Fina. Competition, the mem be r in charge of each of the two winning teams shall give t o the Chief Commissioner a receipt for the Shield or Cup , a nd shall be held re spomibl e for th.e safe custody an d re turn thereof. Should he deSire to relInqUIsh custody of t he trophy, he must obtain in writing, througl the Com missioner or other Offict'r in charge of the District, th e C hie f Commissioner ' s sanction to hand the trophy to anot he r person, from whom he shall take a receipt and tr an sm it th e same to Headquarters through the usual chan nel.

16 - The right is reserved to withhold either trophy fr om competition if le ss than three te ams shall enter, and fr om time to time to make such alterations, additions or amen dments to these conditions as may coincide with the wishes of the donors.

T he competition will consist of the following :-

PA RT I -E l ch member of the team (Officer, Warrant Offic er or N C.O. in charge included) will be required

(a) To submit t o a brief viv a voc e examination.

(b) Treat a case of disability. It will be permissible for the judge or judges to call upon any two members of the team to work together, and the tr eatment of the inj ury may involve artificial respiration or methods of carrying other than the fireman's lift.

PART H -The team will be required (a) to treat a supp osed patient, according to .a lab el affixed to his clothin g, o r h anded to the member In .charge of the team. Any suppo sed injuries may be depIcted by chalk or other mar k s ; (b) place h.im 0':1 a stretcher (Furley pattern), carr y him to a certa10 unload, close s.tretcher and sta n d to attention until th e ir work has been Inspected by th e j udge or judges. . . Th e. Officer Warrant Officer or N e.O 10 charge may

LAST year the exceptional experience of judging no less than four Railway Final Competitions enabl ed me to systematise my knowledge of the difficulties met with by competitors in facing the unrealities of the Compet iti on Room, and to epitomise these in the following G old en Rul es, which may prove interestin g in view of the a pproach of the big Ambulance Competitions.

I.-Competitions being make-believe indicated by (I ) card (or cards) and (2 ) discl osur es of judge-play the game thoughout and concentrate on patient as i n actu al em ergency.

H.-Read card (or cards) slowlv , carefully and deli berately Repeat aloud outstanding p oints which fix the" P ictu re." Make no move till card fu/l.), understood, and details of scene prope r ly v isualised.

IlL-Remember that every wo r d in card has bee n though t out and may have somc sigmYicance with re ference to "Picture ," "Requir ements ," or "Methods " of supp osed emergency ; and that most judges disclose an}th i ng whi ch your senses discover.

IV.-Remember that few stretcher tests should occupy m or e tit an IS minutes, and that" delay, superflu o us work, or neglect" are subject to penalHes . To this end a wrist watch is useful.

V.-An individual beartr [called-first and aloneinto the competition room must not only summon coll e3 gues quickly, bu t also get to work on the patient without d elay

VI.-As you advance into room keep eyes open alld ears ale rt, espxially with reference to (I) P atient (fo r sign s of injury-e.g., red ribbon for bleeding) and (2) Su rr oltnding s (for clues to diagosis-e.g., chairs, tables e tc. , as items in the" Picture ") .

VII -Establish "Standard GuidES" at outs etviz, (r) degree of consciousne ss, (2) colour of face, (3) strength of pulse, (4) character of bre at lti ng : and watch carefully for changes in these "Guid es" throughout the competition.

VIII.- Without altering position of pati e nt il1 an)' way establish next presence (or absence ) of (I ) pal pable bleeding; or (2) palpable d efo r mity

-FIRST

IX.-If patient is conscious, enquire (and locate) next presence of pain as indication of seat of injury. If uneon, seious, watch (and enquire) cerefully lest change occur in degree of unconsciousnes

X. -These (acts being establish ed, then examine, first, any part indicated (r) by bleeding, (2) by pain, or (3) by deformity.

XI.-EXlmine for fractures by firm (though gentle) Izamihng, and save time by two bearers examining e':lch side of body at same time, while one explains actions of both. Prodding w;th finger tips will not disclose presence ot of which signs a1ld sJlmptoms only are disclosed by judge.

XlI -Act tftrouglzout as in actual emergency and don't say you would do anything unlt.s5 you actually demonstrate how you would do it and produce the necessary apparatus.

fetters to the

We are in no fl'a), responsible lor tke opinions expressed, or the statements made, b, Correspondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

TEACHING REAL FIRST AID.

DE.\R SIR,

On page 10 of the 36th Edition of" First Aid to the Injured, " you will find Note 1,2.). 3 and 4. 4 reads as follows : " Too much time should not, however be spent on instruction in anatomical and physiological Lecturers and examiners are particuiarly requested to remem'ber that it is "First Aid ". that has to be taught and tested, and not anatomy and physIology."

So much says Note 4, what does C. A. (Lincolnshire) on page 107 of your January Issue say, referring to an examinatIon question" What are the eight points of the Ambulance Cross?" He s.ay s. Is this fair? What N.C.F. say in reply? he says, It IS clear. N,C'.F. pomts .the cal finger of scorn at the quenst WIth a partmg glbe at his as a meaning of the "eight POlOtS " was certamly not a faIr questIon according to Note 4, and. not been " and tested" because being no IOJury m questIOn. "FIrst AId to the Injured)) did not apply.

In regard to Note 4 may I recount my experience at a recent First Aid. Course. Th.e lecturer, very able and busy d.octor, so busy. m fact that It became Impossible for him to gIve a consecutIve course of lectures. The vacant days being ably filled by an ob.lig.ing St. John' s man, who, by the way, ga ve the best descn ptlOn of the skeleton that I have ever heard, he explained why one bone was round and another flat the reason of their arch.es and spars kinds of joints and othe; stru c tures, together WIth a mass of information regarding nomenclature and uses, interspersed with anecdotes and WittICIsms such as this. "When you laugh up your sleeve find funny bone at the end of the humerus," lIke t.hese Impress upon the novice, but though amuslllg, they are not FIrst Aid and Note 4.

The doctor tells us lots of things about circulation we soon r:nastered auricles and left ventricles and left auricles and right ventncles. The pulmonary and systemic circulation became to an open Coloured chalks on the black-. board blood. became venous, where it went and what It dId. Very mstructlve, but not First Aid and Note 4.

!,he heart, we were told, was not the seat of emotion nor reltglon, thIS leads on to the brain and insensibility. We were told ho.w the tlOy of nerve endings or rather nene were dd!'used throughout the brain, their o.r ,wIthdrawal belllg cause of sleep, dreams and waklllg actIvIty. Then was explamed the net work of sectional

AI D.- February, I921. control by the various parts of the brain and the massing to· gether of the nerve bunches into a complete and per fect nervous system.

Absorbingly interesting but not First Aid and Note 4.

To my i,ntense. regre.t 1 mis sed the lecture on poisons, but the only Fust AId pomt I remember during the doc tor's lectures was this problem.

--r:- here is First Aid and there is Common Sense. If you were 10 Church and next to you was a lady, rich, graceful handsome and young, she fainted while standing at prayers' what would you do ?

While some of us was wondering what kind of Church it where a lady rich, graceful, handsome alld young stood while at prayers. Others of us were wondering why we never went to chyrch: The doctor quickly added ., Yo ur book says u.ndo clothmg and chuck cold water over the patient, the lady nch, graceful, handsome and young would not thank you for chuckmg cold water o ver her nor for disarranging her clothes.

"

The do ctor then went on to explain the n commonsense method after care of the lady nch, graceful, handsome an d young.

I may mention in passing, that all the members of that class have ':low joined the Bl igade, you quite see the nee d of keepmg stnctly to Note 4 and teaching First Aid.

Many of us , no doubt, have been to First Aid Lect ures conducted not according to Note 4 but something hke this .The doctor in late -and tells you about the plasma or liquor sangUlDls, red corpuscles .and hxmoglobin. White corpuscles. (A) Lymphocytes. (B) Polymorphs. (C) Eosi· nophile, and their "count" by a hc:emo·cytometer and a lot more to the same effect. The class then breaks up for ban dage practice, and while sorting out partners the doctor "pu shes off." The student afterwards goes home wondering how ever will pass an exam in First Aid when Note 4 is so woefully Ignored.

Would it not be better to have a separate and JistlOct course of lectures and an exam dealing only with anatomy an d physiology, then perhaps some notice would be taken of Note 4 such subjects should not be mixed with First Aid at the most' they should only be in the nature of a residuum 'or addenduU: to First Aid, whereas a glance through our Black Book would give a contrary impression.

There are eighty-one Fi'rst Aid illustrations and only thirteen which show and physiology yet the whole tone of the reading giv.es the idea that a lot of long· name s of bones and organs have to be mastered.

Axiliary. Anterior tibial. Coccyx. Iliac. Carotid. Occipital. Popliteal, and so on.

Students. who would quickly grasp First Aid accordin g to Note 4 get fnghtened by long names at the outset.

Take the case of the fainting lady, rich, graceful, h and· some and young, does the book really say" chuck cold water over her." I t will take you some time to sort out the suit able treatment from several pages of reading matter. This is du e to the name or the its cause together with signs and symptoms bemg mIxed m paragraphs with treatment, ins tead of four parallel columns.

Of course the knowledge of anatomical details is desir able, so IS the knowledge of many other things (like points of but these things are not to be taught arid teste d as FIrst AId- why not then, have a special course to deal with them ?-Yours, et c.,

T. W. H.

[You are welcome to differ, though like the Irish ladywho said that she knew the Textbook (rom cover to cover but sh.e not remember to which part of the body th e belongs-you miss the point!

FIrst, what on earth has Note V to do with the que stiGD under Secondly, you al e apparently unaware that CompetItIOn Tests are usually conducted only" on the basis of the Textbook, " and that any question on any page of th e Chapter J X ( For. Only, but Bandage) 15 tnva.riably re.ga rd ed as stnctly faIr. ThIrdly, ·m order to render skdled asststal1ce" (Textbook, p. 22) you should not only be conversant with up-t o·

February, 19 2 1. -FIRST

date editions of the Textbook but you should also be thoroughly acquainted with the Qualifications of a. First as set out in Textbook (pp. 22·24) and repeated m 35 th EdItIOn by a diagram an p. '23- N C F .]

THE BUTTON·HOLE BADGE.

SIR - I have seen in FIRST Am article!' month by month on medals, and so forth, which. are .v ery interesting reading to !llen. One artIcle m last Magazi ne was dealmg WIth the Button-hole Badge for Bngade men as a token whereby members could recognise one another whe;} visitiI)g a strange district. I have been in the same happy situation as our friend and brother, and can honestly say I have made some good friends through. the Brigade in distan t towns and been called on for help by members in other towns. Well, with regard to the Button-hole Badge, one of our members proposed at our last annual meeting that all membe rs purchase a badge and wear it when in mufti, and if he cam e to practice in mufti without his Button-hole Badge be fined Id., the penny to go to the Holiday Fund. All are wear· ing the badge.- Yours, etc.,M. R. HOD!ES, Secretary, Millom Division.

A SIMPLIFIED TEXTBOOK.

SlR,-Various reasons have been .glven for of enthusiasm in ambulance work, but I thmk the multipliCIty of textbOOks and the contradictory treatment has something to do WIth it. I am at present teaching flom the Boys' Brigade Handbo ok. The I9[2 edition was fairly simple, and it was advised to conduct the classes under the auspices of the S.J.A.A., but the 1920 edit.ion i.s quite different, and containing a chapter on digestIOn, carbo:hydrates, etc., gIves two new slings, which seem to be qUite and direct to treat base of skull fracture, by pluggmg ears or nostrils; while for fr actured spine they direct the child to "pJt patient on his This seems to me dangerous advice to a young boy or girl.

Everyone knows what a number of alterations have made in the Br igade Handbook recently. On e ne ver knows If one has the latest edition or not; one does not even know wheth er the examiner has the latest edItion. I remember at one examination, the examiner said it was no good giving Epsom salts for carbolic acid poisoning; and on another occasion an e)(aminer being told that her treatment was wrong, took the examiner to her home close by and showed him her authori ty for what she had

Also, not everyone is :",ar honours, and .the .prlce of books nowadays is a conSIderation. One book, with sln1ple rules, simply stated, seems to me the ideal.- Yours, ete., E. B. IRELAND.

A I D.and ;\nswers to

-2ueries will be dealt with under the lollofl'ing rules :-

I.-Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner 0/ ·the envelope" Query," and addressed-FiRsT Am, 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2.-All Queries tIlust be accompanied b)' a " Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 0/ the Journal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

?-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columns, is the 36th V920) Edition of 5.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

SPELUN G OF "SILVESTER."

CO:1stant Reader (Torquay) refers to Textbook , p. 137) and FIRST AID ( p. 107) and says that "Sylvester" is the correct spelling of " Silvester" !

Contr3.ry to your st3.tement, the Textbook and FIRST AID are quite correct in their spelling of" Silvester," the mis-spelling "Sylvester" and the mis-calling the Triangular Bandage " Esmarch's Bandage " being historical mistakes to wh:ch in the past I have frequently called attention. Indeed, titles are now almost always med and by frequent copying are supposed to be correct. Both errors ( the universality of which must be attributed to the early and continuous pre.eminence of our Textbook ) were corrected in the 19[7 (32 od ) Edition. That" Sylvester " is incorrect was first pointed out to me by Professor Sch ee fer, and is confirmed by .the fact that in the 1878 Edition of the Textbook a footnote IS added below the instructions, stating that" the above directions are chiefly Dr. H. R. Silvester s method of restoring the Apparently Drowned." In subsequent editions footnote was omitted and the directions published as " SIlvester s Method." That Mayor of Lau:;anne invented the Triangular Bandage, which he called " triangular folded handkerchief " a nd which popularised fifty years later, I proved m these columns m June 19 18 Under the circumstances it is only right that the Textbook which by inadvertence started both errors, should be first to correct them.- N. CORBET FLETCH ER.

DRE SSI NG OF WOUNDS.

B. F. (Bristol).- The Textbook lays dow? the fir5t treatment of small cuts but says nothmg about re-dressings. Pleas e advis e for cases which are too trivial to require medIcal assIstance.

If you had studied Chapter 1. carefully, you would realise that no wounds are" too trivial to require medical assistance." So remember that" apparently slight injury. may 1055 of life" (Textbook, p. 27 ), and be content to be an effiCIent First -Aider rather than a quack doctor. In othe.r words, redressing of wounds are beyolld the scope of FHst-Ald.-N.C.F.

The Editor illvites Notes 011 actual Cases- with special reference to /rood and bad fJoints in Treatment-ror inclusion in this Column

DANGERS OF EPILEPSY.

Hearing the taps in the bathroom.s running., a .woman went in and found her son, aged 20, on hIS knees WIth hIS over the side of the bath and his face under water. Draggmg him away from the bath, she laid h im flat on the floor and rush ed to the front door just as I chanced to pass the house. In response to her urgent appeal for help went .her to .the bathroom where without delay we commenced artIfiCIal re.spl.ration and after twenty minutes were. by brea thing and restoring the patIent to life. Later It was clearly established that th e patient, who was to be an epileptic, was about to have a bath; that, after turnmg on the taps he had a fit and fell across the bath; that the water filled the bath to overflow and covered his face; and that he was lucky to escape death from asphyxia during an epileptic convulsion.-M. R., Cannon Street.

TREAT:\IENT OF FRACTURED

H. F. (Hampstead).-For of Simple 'Fractur e of Humerus, n o splints avmlable, how should the two bandages (p. 59) be applied?

The Textbook lays down broad bandages which, as experience shows, fully envelope almost overlap arms. view of this, your best plan IS to apply down m Textbook (p. 54) for Simple Fracture of Rlbs- WIth centre of first bandage immediately above and that of bandage immediately below fracture, " the lower overlapptng the upper -.N.C.F.

SETTING OF FRACTURE S.

A. R. (Croydon) asks how long a simple fr acture of leg may be left before it is finally" set. "

-FIRST AI D.-

Everything depends upon the fractures, if properly "guarded agaInst further mischief) (Textbo?k p. 48), may be left fO.r a week any ill effect, wh.t1e othets, being already In correct positIOn, may never reqUire "setting." -N.C. F.

Sergt. J. B. (Doncaster) asks for the following information ;-

1. My rank is Sergt. in the S.J.A.B , No. 5 I am also the Storekeeper. What besides the three strIpes on the right sleeve of the tunic should be w?rn ?

2. I have been a member for nine years In the BrIgade. How many service stars am I entitled to wear?

3. Where must I write to, if I must have the above decorations.

I. Simply three stripes.

2. One star for each tlzree ejfident years.

3. Each Division is supposed to have a copy ?f. Regulations and B.O.'s for the use of members of DIV1S!On on drill nights-at its Headquarters. The above InformatIOn is contained in the Regulations and amendments thereto.ED., F.A.

F. C. R. (Gi IIingham).-Will you b.e enough to .me as to a good work on "Dlspensmg and PrescrIptIOn Reading" at a moderate price, giving, if possible, name of publishers and price.

A good book for a beginner is "First Lines in Dispensing," published by J. Churchill, of Great London, W.C.; and more advanced works on "The Books of Prescriptions" (6 s. 6d.) and Practical Pharmacy" ( r2s. 6d.), by the same publishers.

E. J. T. (Sth. Tottenham).-An advanced Handbook of First Aid is " First Aid to the Injured and Sick" (Warwick and Tunstall ) which is reviewed in this issue.-ED.

Bandage (Sheffie d).-The Home Office Regulations state that ambulance rooms shall be in charge of a trained nurse or other person trained in First Aid. The qualifications of a trained nurse are that she must have been a probationer in a recognised hospital for five years. Persons ill charge of ambulance rooms are generally classified as 'Welfare Superin- tendents.

No. 4 District Nursing Divisions' Competitions, 1921.

THE Seventh Annual for the "Charles J. Trimble Shitld," and the Individual Competition fnr the "A. Huward Rose-Bowl,'1 in " First Aid,'1 will be htld on April 9th, T92I, at Manchester.

Entrance Fee: Squad and Individual, inclusive, 5s

On the same date the First Annual Individual Competition for Officers only for the" Peace Trophy" presentEd by Mrs. Tweedale, "In Memory of Brigade Members who gave their lives in the Great War "), will be held.

Entrance Fee: 2S. 6d.

The Fifteenth' Annual Competition for th e "District Challenge Shield,'1 and Individual Competition for the "Lytham Vase," in "Home Nursing," will be held on Saturday, April 30th, 192 f, at the Town Hall, Lancaster.

Er.trance Fee: Squads, 5s. Individual, 5s (if Squad from Division competes). Individual, 2S. 6d. (if no Squad from Division competes).

Indoor Uniform will be worn in all Competitions. All the above Competitions are only open to Nursing Divisions.

Com petitors must send in thcir names to Mrs. Tweedale, Brooklands, Rochdale.

A GREAT FIRST AID TO AID.

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all tha t specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superfi cial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wil son, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambula nce Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of descrip tio n and wealth of illustration, ., The Modern Physician" stan ds without a rival amongst the works published on this im. portant subject. It is scientifically accurate and reli able without being dull; the name of its editor, so long an d popularly known as an expositor of Health laws an d a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This wor k is absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of th e frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, diges tive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organ s of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins" or dummies m ore especially; in these the organs are made to overlap e ach other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted .to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attent ion is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foo ds, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holida ys temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Hea lth of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here be.en assisted by a number of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and t he treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with ONE OF MANY OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:"Its all ·round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. T he section dealing wilh ambulance work is especially good. The book IS written in. splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. method of payment places it within the reach of all."

A FREE

A Great Reputation

The consistent results of Hall's Wine have lon 'g since established its reFUtation. Every year that reputation maIntained-enhanced by a . growing volume 9f proof.

Hall 's Wine enjoys wide medical recognition and recommendation. On our files are rnany voluntary tributes to its value [roln practitioners who it as the Standard TonIC and Restorative.

I n Weakness, Convalesence, "I?ebility, N eurasthenia, Ancemia, and low health generally, Hall s vVlIle IS invariably of benefit.. 1mprovement is rapid and lastIl1g.

Halls Win

NAME

ADDRESS

CHILBLAINS

A PROVEN REMEDY

EVERYBODY knows that IODE X is excellent for chilblains, both bruktn and unbroken, but the fullowing method of using it is worth noting. When tbe chilblains are unbroken, F'lace the affected part in water .as hot as can be borne for a few mmutes. Then dab dry with a towel, and gently rub in a little 10 DEX until its colour disappears . Brukt n chil blains be lightly bound up with a hberal dressing of 10DEX, which should be changed both llight and morning.

IODEX

Obtainable from all Chemists. MENLEY & JAMES, Ltd., 64, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E C.1

SEND US YOUR

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for one publication or many, and we will arrange for their insertion at Office Rates, thus saving you time and trouble.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd , Agents 46, Cannon London, E. C. 4.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION " " d" ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC. READINC an d FIRST AID work take up ne Everyone engage to bove Courses at once. , h a writes ._" feel deeply indebtea tor t e A

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING & HOME HYGIENE

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM,

c. B., C lVI.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.II,(Loncl. Knight of Grace of St. John, i\1ember of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medali st, Barrister-at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

The Indian Manual of First Ald.

Eighteenth Edition. Price 2S.

The Indian Catechism of First Aid. Fifth Edi tion. Price IS

Indian Home Nursing.

Eighth Edition. Price 2S.

The Indian Catechism of Home Nursing.

Second Edition. Price IS. 6d.

The Primer of Tropical Hygiene.

Fifth Edition. Price 2S.

Indian Ambulance Training. Price IS.

Specimen Examination Papers in First Aid, Home Nursing and Hygiene. Third Edition. Price IS.

Household Emergency Chart. Third Edition. Price 38.

Household Reference Chart. Third Edition. Price 3s. SujJjJUes from Postage extra.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46. OANNON STREET, LONDON, E.O 4.

AID.- February, 192 I.

MANUALS OF FIRST,·AID, &C., By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantab), M.R.C.S

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, IS.

" Simpl lfled AIds to Memory.

Col. SIr r antes Cantlze contnbutes an tntroductton and we endorse his fJpinien 0/ tlt.ebook."-LANCRT.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Second Edition. Price 9d •• post free.

" Home-NursIng and Tabulated, wltb AIds to Memory.

TlzlS book wonderfully smtjJlz/ies a complex sub/eet and should be read 011 ali students."-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Price III •• post free.

" Dlltlcultles 10 and Treatment 80lved by QuestIon and Answer.

We conzmend thzs book to Lecturers and Students who will find it 0/ great se.viee. "-FIRST AlD.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, II. 3d. In Study, and Examln tlon solved lor SenIor Stndents WIthout doubt the book wlii be 0/great service in the training 0/ those fot' whom it is destgned. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

Post free, 9d.

Orderly Duties SImplifIed aDd Tabulated, with AIds to Memory. A most compact broch ure which contains much use/ul in/ormatio".PRESCRIBER.

AN INDEx. OF !FIRST-AID.

By J. M. CARVELL. M.R.C.S.Lond.

Fcap. 8vo. Post free, IS. 8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (40th thousand). By tbe Same Autbor. With Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. Paper, 2d. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (16th thousand).

By the Same Autbor. 14 pp. Folder. Paper,2d.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Pnce 2S. net; postage, 4d.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE:

Its ApplIcatIOn Accurately Desc_ibed by Words and II6 Diagrams

By HOWARD M. PRESTON. Demonstrator to the Polytechnic' 1I6 Illus. Price, IS. net; postage 2d.

THE ROLLER BAN DAGE. By tbe Same Autbor.

Its Application Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Pnce, S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thuteen on Roller. Post free, 3S. 9d. net. Each Diagram separately, 3d. 5,6 and 14 (coloured), 6d. each.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING. By THEKLA BOWSER. Illustrated. Post free, IS. 3d.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES. TIIIRD EDITION.

Contractors to the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

SPECIALISTS IN UNIFORMS.

Manufacturers of every description of Uniform Clothing and Equipment FOR ALL RAN:K'S. Jackets, Trousers, Great Coats, Caps, Belts, Gloves, Haversacks, Waterbottles, etc.

Est£mates and SamjJles on request.

16, NILE STREET J CITY ROAD, LONDON, N.1., and at 6, YORK PLACE, LEEDS 84, MILLER STREET, GLASGOW.

FIRST AID

- AND THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d •

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For ilublication) by the name and address of the Corresponden t.

tended work should be possible-and for the assistance of the Lady Superintendent a strong Committee was formed consisting of Lady Superintedent and four officers, together with eleven members of the Division (r6 in all).

By J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C M.O" C.I.E •• D.S.O" M.D (I) POlsomng,. (2) Hremorrhage, Ime.nsibility, (4) Asphyxia Breathmg), (5) Fractures, DlslocatH'm and Sprains, (6)Wounds BItes, and .Minor Injuries. The Series all the e sentlals of FIrst Ald. Pnnted on linen-lined cards, 3i" x 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra. -

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS

By NOEL D. M_V.O M.D •• P.R.C.P •• Fscp. 8vo. hmp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d.

JOHN BALE, SONS 4 DANIELSSON Ltd 88-91, Gpeat 'l'ltchfield Stl'eet. w:i.

S J A B

Officers Regulation Great Coats. Dark k. • .• • • Grey cloth, to measure', £3 IC)S. 6d. QuotatIOns for o.lher eqUIpment on application. Vhite for patterns and partIculars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

FOR SALE, a .quantity of Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all qUite new, J6s. 6d. a pair.-Thornton and Co., 24, CommercIal-street, Brighouse.

T" be cut (Jut and enclosed with all Queries FEB., 1921.

EDITORIAL.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegraphic Address,' "Twentv-jour, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank. Progress.

IT is gratifymg to us to receive an interesting letter from the Hon. Secretary of the Portsmouth Nursing DivL sion giving particulars of the progressive scheme which has been adopted for the well-being and prosperity of the Nursing Division of that town, and to us, one of the most pleasing features is that the Division has e mulated the suggestion put forward in FIRST AID of arranging a set programtne for the summer and next winter session on the lines indicated in a recent issue of the Journal; she explains that, with the hope of overcoming to some extent the diffidence towards such work, that everywhere manifested itself upon the cessation of war and the easing of war conditions, the Vidy Supt. conCeived the idea that the possession of suitable local Headq uarters would be a step in the right direction.

For this purpose, therefore, some business premises consi sting of a large shop beneath, with six or eight rooms above (some furnished as committee and practice room, others" let") were purchased with certain monies, contrib utions, etc., and were dedicated to the sole "use" of the Nursing Division.

With such a possession it was felt that greatly ex-

The Committee have adopted certain rules-meet at least once a month and discuss and arrange the whole business of the Division. Their immediate further work is to the arranging of a set programme for the remainder of this summer and the next winter session-when it is hoped to arrange for S6t organised practices and drills for Brigade discussions and demonstrations based largely upon First Aid Journal, classes for qualifying for " Medallion" and a series of Lecture s-some of which it is hoped to "throw open"; ;while the "Social" side of the work will also be considered by such means as, a Church Parade and an annual "Re-union."

There is no doubt that the Portsmouth Nursing Division intends to go ahead, and it is by such enterprise that the Brigade all over the country should progress.

As a typical example of what can be accomplished in this directioo, we publish in this month's issue an account of the Plymouth Ambulance Servic e This service was established only ten years ago as a private ambulance service, now it can boast of a Central Ambu_ lance Station, four Sub-Stations and four Stretcher depots; surely what can be accomplished as a private enterprise can be executed under the regis of the S. J. A. B. with its past record of usefulness. It is generally only a question of rightly applying the funds; ;..or from what we hear, most of the Divisions are handicapped for the lack of necessaary financial support, and we would strongly urge that the administrative officers of Divisions give this ques'tion a great deal of thought, for it is only by enterprise on their part that this difficulty can be overcome. It will be noticed that the Plymouth Am bulance Service obtained a grant from the municipality for its public work j this precedent can surely be follOWEd in other localities.

The Penzance Ambulance Division received £4 8 8s. 3d for carrying patients in its motor am bulance:) the year's upkeep cost £96 lIS. Ild.

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

No. I Distrkt COMMISSIONER:

-FIRST

3'he arand of the Order of the .}\ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in f;nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

J"he St. John j\mbulanee Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. Apr il, I92I.

Sunday, yd.-No. I Division, St. John's Gate.

" IOth. - No.24 Lambeth.

" I7th.-No.28 " Harrow

" 24 th - No 41 " Royal Arsenal.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m. , Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p .m

EFFICIENCY O F MEMB ERS

The following is an extract from a letter received from the Chief Commissioner ;- ,

AI D. - March, 1921.

and vice versa in the case of transfer of personal services from the Order to the Society.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, COlnlnz'ssz'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

March, I9 2 1. -FIRST AID.-

r and said that the commandi ng officers under whom the had served had sent in some very splendid reports of their abilities and g eneral conduct.

He then presented Royal Naval Reserve Long ServIce Medals to the following men ;-S ergts. Dann and Ptes. Bolt, Fry and Framl?ton. Several members had prevIously received the decoratIon.

The Commissioner thanked the Commander for hIS appreci a tive remarks, and said he was quit e sure that the men from the district whlcb he had command responded to the call most patnotlcally. As far as numbers were concerned the district was second to none.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

A meetin g of the Commissioner, D istrict, Corps and Divisional Officers was held at Brigade Head quarters on Feb. 10th. The Commissioner, Si r John Lumsden, took the chair, and amongst those present were Asst.-Commissioner W G. Smith, District Officers A. J. Connor and A. L. B. Moore, Corps Supt. A. J. McWilliam, etc.

Corps Supt Cotton, in the cours e of hIs saId It gav e him great pleasure to support the and sai d he felt sure that enough could not be saId of the part pl ayed by the members of the City of Bristol Corps.

No 4 District.

BOGTLE.-Tl-,e success of whist drive and dance held.on T uesday, February 22ud, exceeded even the m.ost sangume hop es of the promoters, and as a result the EquIpment Fynd, to which the proceeds are being devoted, should be abl y augmented.

The question of the annual insp ect ion of Div isi ons wa s discussed. As it was thought that It would be impossible this year to hold the us.ual of all the Divisions in Lo rd Ivea gh's gardens, It was deCIded that each un it should be inspected separately, and the follo wing arrangements were made :-

Messrs. Morga n Mo oney 's Ambulance Division to be inspected by the Commissioner, Sir John Lumsden. St. James's Gate Ambulance Division and City of Ambulance Div ision to be inspect ed by Asst.-CommIssIOner W. G. Smith.

Messrs. W. and R. Jacob and Co.'s. Ambulance D iYlsl?n and Dublin Building Trades to be IOspected by DIstrict Officer A. L. B. Moore.

"

Owing to the Brigad e Y ear now ending three months later than when the Brigad e R egulations were published, the latest date on which a member may join to count his effici ency for th at year is now July 3 I st."

ROYAL NAVAL SI CK BER TH RESERVE.

The following is copy of a letter received from the Chief Commissioner, through the Brigad e Secretary ;-

"With reference to my letter of the 7 th ult., and enclosures therewith, I am directed by the Chief Commissioner to inform you that the period during which members of your Corps or Divisions e nrolled in the above-named Reserve are required to notify their intention of remaining in the Reserve, has been extended to the 31st inst., after which date it will be assumed that those from whom, or on behalf of whom, no notification has been received, do not wish to continue in the Reserve.

A limited number of suitable volunteers for the Reserve can now be accepte d. "

UNIFORMS.

The following is a copy of a com munication received from lhe Chief Commissioner ;-

In view of the high cost of uniforms, arrangements have been made by the St. John Ambulance Association whereby dyed khaki tunics and trousers ( practically new ), and of regulation pattern, can be obtained for £1 12S. 6d. for the two garments, with badges.

Divisions desiring to avail themselves of this offer of obtaining un iforms should advise the Director at Store3, St. Tohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. I, as soon as possible.

The uniforms wi ll be supplied in stock sizes, but measurem ent forms will be issued on application, and the uniform selected as near as possible in accordance therewith.

ErGHTH MEE rING OF THE JOINT COUNCIL.

Extract from th e minutes of the Ei g hth Meeting of the J o int Council of the Order of St. John and the Joint British Red Cross Society, held on We dnesday, February 23 rd ;_

The following Resolution, whi c h has been approved by the Chapter-Genera l of the Order of St. John, was submitted as the Report of the Sub-C omm itt ee appointed in Minute 59 of the Joint Council's proceedings, a nd appr0ved : _

That no late member of the British Red Cross Society can be acc ep ted for service in the St. John Ambulance Association or Brigad e without permission of the Representative of the Order in the County, who shall consult with the President of the Red Cross Society n that County

On Saturday, March 12th, at the Annual Meeting of the Officers of the Prince of Wales' Corps, which was held at St. John 's Gate, the Commissioner presiding. Lord Monson, Director of the Ambulan ce Department attended, and presented Service Medals to some sixty members of the District. In addition a Naval Long Service Medal was also presented. There was a good attendance of officers, and Lord Monson in addressing the meeting afterwards, stated that in these days he noticed a tendency for a greater demand for pecuniary remuneration for serv ic es rendered. The number of large organisations which were ready to render. voluntary seemed to be d windlmg fast, but he was afraId that the tIme was not far distant when the St. John Ambulance Brigade would stand alone as the one large Organisation ready to render voluntary services to the general public. He congratulated the recipients on having, by fifteen years of faithful and voluntary service, earned the Medal.

No. 2 District.

BRISTOL.-The annual parade to the Colston Hall took place on February 27 th, under the command of Corps Supt. A. Cotton, M. B.E. The other officers present being Supts. Brice, Parker, Clark, Ambulance Officers Collard, Fair, Reed, Scott, Sheppard and Trott. The Corps met at headquarters an d numered to the ext ent of IOO, with the officers and N.C.O .'s.

Headed by the C orps Band, they marchea to the Hall , where they were met by the officials, and the whole Corps wer e allotted seats on the platform, where the Nursing member s , under the charge of Lady Supt. Griffiths, O.B.E., to the number of 25 had alread y taken their places.

The chairman, Mr. George Risely, made a very stIrring appeal on behalf of the funds of the Corps to whom part of the collection was to be allocated. The audIence numbered between 4,000 and 4,500, and they listened with great reverence to the address given by the Rev. R. C. Griffin, whose subjec t was" What hope ha ve we for the future."

Miss Aprissilla Hall rendered two very choice violin solos , Mr W. E. Fowler officiated at the organ in a very masterl y manner and rendered several selections by well-kno\\ n masters.

After the conclusion of the service the members fell in outside the Hall and marched back to headquarters. The Corps Supt., in dismissing them, complimented them upon their smart appearance, and announced that a route march had been arranged to take place on the following Thursday. After his remarks, the band played the National Anthem, and the men were dismissed.

The Inspection of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve took place at the Barley Field School on February loth, when Surgeon:Commander Hall of the Admiralty went to Bristol for the purpose of the inspection and to explain some new conditions of service.

The strength of the parade numbered 50, under Ambulan ce Officer F. Reed, the officer in charge of this branch of the service in Bristol. The inspecting officer was supported by the Commissioner Dr. J. S. Griffiths, Corps Supt. Cotton and District Sergeant-Maior A. J. Britton.

The Commander said it gave him great pleasure to be there that evening, and complimented the men on their smar appearance and knowledge. He then explained the new terms of service; several members asked questions relating to same to which the Commander gave satisfactory replies. He als o complimented the members on the part they played in the gre at

The Mayor in the course of a bnef address, be re fe rred to the good work done by the BootI e Nursmg durin g the war, said he wasyleased to announce that thIS had been recognised by the Kmg, for Mc.N aught had been rec ently appointed an Honorary Servmg SIster of Order of S t. John and had been granted the medal and dIploma of t he O rder.

No. 5 District.

CHESTER FIEL D.-The annual dinner of the DIVISion was held at Chesterfield on February 28th, over which, the Mayor presi ded, and amongst those present were; AsslstaI?-t <:ommiss ioner H. C. Chambers, Mr. W. C. Buxton, DlvIslOnal Supt. E. H. Russell, Ambulance Offic e r C. E. Edwards, Dr. R. Fras er, Dr. Matthews and Dr. A. Shea. S upt. Russell s annual report showed that the DIVISIOn, wh ich wa s formed three years ago, was. 29 with 49 last year. There had been 46 drills, whIch m 66 2 attendances. Publlc duties 139 whtlst 17 mem bers had made themselves efficient. First aId had be en re nd ered on 27 occasions. The income amounted to £82 165. 2d., obtained chiefly by whist drives, lectures and. subscriptions. The expenditure was £73 5s. Id , the largest It ems being £ 47 I9s. Id. for clothing an.d and £ I4 1 IS. 3d to th e John ASSOCIatIOn.

The Chairman deSCribed the report as satisfactory in all re sp ects and remarked that the Division had reason to be proud of the progress whic h had been made In the absence of M r. W. Fearnehough through illness, it wa s his duty to present the Fearnehoug h gold medals for the ,best attend ed case during 1919 to P.C. Arthur Savage, a member- of the Chesterfield Borough Polic e Force, and Ambulance Officer Edw ards.

Replying tO,th,e toa s t of the Brigade Assis tant Chambers stated that members of the St. John Am bulanc e Brigade always c ons idered themsel ves on duty and were ever ready to rend er first aid. He hoped to be able to in iti ate an ag-gressive policy in t? at part of Derbyshire shortly, for extendmg the B rigade. There wa? room and need fo r it. They hoped the tIme wo,uld come wh e n every village,. and certamly every to wn, in DerbyshIre would a Divi sion of the St. Ambulance Brigade. A D ivision was not much use without a N urs ing Division attached, and he forward to see ing a strong N ursmg Di vision in Chesterfield next year.

Gl enageary Amb.ul,a?ce and John's Lane DIstillery Ambulanc e DIVISIOn to be IOspected by Corps Supt. A. J. Mc William

S upt. Sibthorpe suggested th e use of a WIde whIte arm brass ard with White Cross of the Order on a black ground, to be carried by members of divisions, a.nd put on when opportunity for rendering: first aId ar ose. ThIS was considered most necessary, and It was d eCIded that brassards should be ord ered at Qnce.

The following competitions were discussed and arrangements made ;-

The Individual Challenge Cup, presented by District Surgeon Seton Pring le , F.R.C.S.I.

Dewar Challenge Shi el d.

R e cords Shield for the best kept DIvISIOnal. Records 10 the District, to be competed for the ec:c.h Bngade year.

I t was arranged that Glenageary DlVlslOn should supply the personnel fo), the Cup Ties and International Matches at Landsdowne-road for the season.

The District Pipers Band was duty at Lans d own-road on the occasion of the Rugby InternatIOnal Football Match between Scotland and I r eland-and played the Scotch team on to th e field. For an hour before the match the band gave many selections from their repertoire.

An int erest ing fun c tion was held by W' .& R Jacob & (.o.'s Nursing Division!n the RecreatIOn Hall, Blshopstreet, on February 19th. . A shIeld was for coml?etitian amongst the members by the Lady DlVlslOnal Supt. MIss

The Pipe rs Band of No. 12 (Iri sh ) Distr ict, S.J.A.B., playing the Scotch Team on to the field at the Rugby I ntern atio nal , Scotland v Ireland, Lansdowne Road, Dublin, 26 2.21.

-FIRST

Barrington. The test given was a factory accident, and four teams competed. The members of the winning team were :.Miss M. Adams, Miss M. Johnston, Miss L. M'Grath and MIss M. Stafford.

At the conclusion of the competition an inspection was carried out by Lady District Supt. Dr. Ella Webb, wllo presented the shield to the winning team, and complimented them on the excellence of their work.

Amongst those present were Asst. Commissioner W. G. Smith, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks, District Officer Dr. Cope, Sister Naughton (Adelaide Hospital), Lady Supt. Miss Nugent, Lady Supt. Mrs. Kennedy, Divisional Supts. Smurthwaite and Horne, and many others.

fettet's to the &ditot'.

We are in no may responsible /01' tke opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

TEACHING REAL FIRST AID.

DEAR SIR,- The letter signed T. H. W. in your February issue is, I venture to think, extremely unfortunate. I have read and reread the letter, and am still at a loss to understand the object of it being written. It contains:

1st. An attack on Dr. N. C. Fletcher.

2nd. An attack on an unnamed doctor-a St. John's lecturer.

3rd An attack on The Text-Book.

4th. An error in giving treatment for "Hysteria" for a young lady who" Faints. "

I propose dealing briefly with the points in the above order.

1St. It is ob\'iously "Bad Policy" and un·British to attempt to snub one who is out to help his fellows, and when

!. W. H. writes of the Medic.al of your paper, 1D the way he does, surely a httle bralO and a little reflection will show him he is going the way to drive the best doctors out of the mevement. I greatly object to such words as ., The Metaphorical finger of scorn" and "was certainly not a fair question," when the doctor definitely states, "It is fair," also reference to the doctor as "N.C.F. " It is unmannerly.

2nd. The unnamed doctor should ev idently give way to T. W. H. who knows S0 much better how to lecture to First Aid students, than a doctor who dares to make his lectures easy to remember and interesting, by applying illustrations with a little colouring. But wonder of wonders all who attended these lectures PASSED THEIR EXAMINATION and are now all Brigade members.

3rd and 4th. If T. W. H. can write a better Textbook let him get on with it or hold his peace for ever. His own case proves to me that the Textbook needs careful study. that why he is up against it?

I do not know who T. W. H. may be, but I give my name 1D full. - Yours, etc.,

JOHN L. COPPING.

DEAR SIR,-I am an unworthy member of the profession to what the pioneers of the Ambulance Movement always acknowledged their profound I gather, however, from the letter of T. W. publl.shed. 10 your January issue, the modern school of First Alders IS not in accord with this an.d that lectures of medical men are neither interestmg nor IOstructlve.

If I for a moment that this is the view of even a small section of those who constitute the rank and file of the movement, then I shall cease my efforts and devote my spare moments to some more lucrative objects. Yours, &c.

L.M.S.S.A.

DEAR SIR,-What a criticism of our First Aid

AI D.- March, 1921.

Textbook with its scroll badge, of our esteemed friend N.C.F. and of lecturers and examiners of the Association in general' your correspondent T. H. H., attempts in your issue of last month.

I use the word "atlempts" advisedly for when the verbiage is removed it is but, as it were, a "skeleton" and without even a "funny bone," which some of your readers will thmk would have been wisely kept in the cupboard.

With vengence, we see the "metaphorical fingers of scorn," and not this time those of N.C.F., indeed, eigh t or' them, but your readers everywhere will regard it as a "storm in a tea cup." Those ambulance workers who give of their best in the true spirit of the simple Cross that two thousand years ago consecrated for a ll time all other will feel that the danger we run in our embellishments is, lest we lose its tru e significance, the abnegation of self.

Let us not forget that it is in the cultivation of the "otherregarding self spirit" that the cure for the unrest arising from want of recognition for services rendering lies. Remembe ring That recognition travels slowly, Always has, and always will, And true merit, ever lowly, As of yore the back seats fill.

Our faith in our superior officers is strong and let us refrain from becoming dictators.

The "!'reater Love" policy is the one that never fa ils to satisfy, and in it th0usand of the lads of St. John have found their inspiration for service and do so to-day. For other things they wait. -yours faithfully, "LANCASHIRE OFFIC ER."

GOLDEN RULES IN COMPETITION.

DEAR SIR,-In this month's" FIRST AID" you give a list of Golden Rules for competitors by Dr. Corbet Flet che r. Myself and many other" First Aiders" would be p eased if you make a list of rules, if only hronze, for the person s wh o make tests, and marking sheets, as in a recent compet ition, near Barnsley, there were points for measuring a lim b for fracture. Textbook (p. 50) says in all doubtful cases, tre at as a fracture.

Another competition, there were points for turni ng a patient (who was laid face downwards) over on to his back, with a fractured spine accompanied by a wound. Text book (p. 52) says prevent all movement on the part of patient. Tex tbook (p: 26), says throughout his work the Fir5t Aid student must on no account take upon himself the duties and respo nsibilities of a doctor.

In Dr. Corbet Fletcher's" Why and Wherefore" (p. 18) says avoid Meddlesome Fitst Aid.

If you would make rules for all tests to be on the Textb ook, there would be more efficient First Aiders, and less quack doctors.- Yours truly, FRED BOTTOMLE Y.

In an early issue we will endeavour to conform to th e writer's request.-EBITOR, FIRST AlD."

------.--.-------

Our Ambulance Badge Scrolls.

"LEST WE FORGET."

Just exercise RESOURCE with every OBSERVATION, And blend EXPLICITNESS with SYMPATHY and TACT, Then PERSEVERANCE will, with wise DlSCRIMINTTION , Give true DEXTERITY to every act.

And as a critic have resource to tact, For letters to FIRST Am should ever be Brimful of helpfulness, lest by your act Your friends suspect" your bonnet has a bee."

Dedicated (without permission) to the few "Funny-bones" who object to the Scrolls, by "HUMERUS."

March, 19 2 r. - FIRS,!, Alb & THE S1'. 10HN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.--

Official Brigade Gazette

FEBUARY, 1921.

The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Plymouth, Sub Prior Acting on behalf Grand Prior, has sanctioned the promotions of DIstnct Lt.-Co.lonel William Scatterty, M.D., M:A. (No·5 DIstrict), and District Officer Jdmes Woodward Riley, M .R.C.S. ( No. 7 District) to the rank of Assista nt Commissioner, with effect from 18.2.21.

!he Chief has sanctioned the followiug appomtments, promotIOns, transfers and resignations :-No DISTR]CT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 18N (Whitehall) Nursing Division.-Francois de Chau mont to be Hursing Officer, 11.2.21

No. I4N ( Craigs Court) Nursing Division.-Ambulance

Sister Mary Richard Easton to be Nursing Officer, ] 1.2.21

No. 63 (W. H. Smith and Sons) Division. - Arnold Danve rs Power, Esq., to be Honorary President, 29.2.21.

No. 58 ( London Post Office) Division.-Henry Howarth

Bashfo rd, M.D:, B.S., to be Honorary Vice-President, 25. 2 21

41 (Bnxton) Nursing Division.-William Davis Higson, M B., Ch_B., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon 31. 1.2I vice Dr. Stubbs transferred to the Brigade Reserve.' ,

No. 56. (Cricklewood) Division.-Supt. Albert William Journet (Bngade Reserve) transferred and appointed Divisional Supt., 1.2.2]

17 (Ley ton and Ley tons tone) Nursing Division.DIVIS IOnal Surgeon VlOlet A. Coghill resigned, 21.2.2T

No. 59 (Carshalton and Wallington) Division.- Theodore He nry Whittington, M.D., M.B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divis ional Surgeon, 17.2.21 NO.2 DISTRICT.

Corps Officer A. H. Towerzey to be District Officer for Wil tshire, 11.3.21

City of Bristol Corps.-Corps Officer J. V. Harrison resigned, 14.2.21

City of Bristol Corps (Redland Division ).-Egbert Adams Org an Webb to be Ambulance Officer, 8.3.21

City of Bristol Corps (" A" Division).-Sergeant Charles W att to be Transport Officer, 11.2.21

Alverstoke Division.- Charles John Linton Palmer

M. R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, vice Dr. W. H. Lamp: lo ugh resigned, 5.3.21

Cheltenham (Friendly Societies Division).-·Sergt. G eurge Owen Phipps to be Corps Sergeant-Major, 11.2.21

Oxford Corps.-Lady Furley to be Honorary President r 11.2.21

Oxford Corps (Oxford City Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Sarah Bateman to be Nursing Officer, 22.2.21

Calmore Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. The Hon. Mrs. Palk resigned, 16.2.21

Newport Division.-Divisional Supt. J. Gibbs left the Brigade, 24.2.21 NO,3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Southern Nursing Division).--Ambulance Sister Miss Edith Bell to be Lady Ambulance Officer,. 21.2.21

Lady Ambulance Officers Mrs. O. Smith and Mrs. Evans· resigned, 27.2.21

Lady Ambulance Officers Miss Bonson, Mrs. Walker and Mrs. Giles transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.2.2'1

Ambulance Sister Miss Edith Hewitt to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22.2.21

Ambulance Sister Miss Elsie Ashton Hill to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23 .2. 21

Birmi.ngham Nursing Corps.-Lady Divisional Supt. MISS ElSie Maude Margaret Biggs to be Corps Officer, 4.3 21

Birmingham Corps (Ki ng s Heath Division ).-Ambulance Officer Clifford Dale Evans to be Divisional Supt., ]7. 2 21 Sergeant David Prowitte Deakin to be Ambu\ance Officer, 17.2.21

Birmingham Corps (City Tramways Division ). -Private George Mayes to be Ambulance Officer, 17. 2 21

Alfred Percy Phillips, M.R.C.S., L.R.C. P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 17.2.21

Birmingham Corps (W est Smethwick Division )-S ergeant John Thomas Moore to be Ambulance Officer, 17·2.21

Birmingham Corps (S now Hill (G. W.R. ) Division ).Sergeant Frederick Overbury to be Ambulance Officer, 17.2. 21

Birmingham Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Edward William Parsey, M.A., M.n., Ch. B., to be Corps Surgeon, I7,2.21

Peterborough Nursing Division. -Am bulan ce Sister Miss Eleanor Larman to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 4.3. 21 , vice Miss A. Harrison resigned, 4.3. 21

Stourbridge Division. - Divisional Supt. F. S. Bolton transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 14. 2 21

Leicester Corps. - Lady Corps Officer Miss E. M. Grimsley resigned, 14. 2 21

North Worcestershire Corps (Accl es and Pollock Division).-Divisional Supt. J. R. Barlow and Ambulance Officer J. Sutton transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 17. 2 21

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Rawtenstall Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mart.ha Alice Ashworth to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 31.1.21, Vice Miss 8. Donaldson resigned, September, 1920 Warrington Corps.-Corps Surgeon J. S. Manson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 14. 2 21 Mrs. Henry Greenedl to be Honorary President, 9. 2 21

The following have been appointed Honorary Vice-Presidents, with effect from 9 2 21

Martin Nicholls, Esq

Henry Roberts, Esq.

Sir W. Peter Hylands.

Sir Gilbert Greenall, Bt.

John H. Brooking, Esq.

F. W. Cooper, Esq.

Lieut.-Col. George R. Crosfield, D.$.O.

Robert Henshall, Esq.

The following have been appointed Honorary Vice-Presidents, with effect from 18.2.21 :-

Frederick J. Lord, Esq.

Lieut.-Colonel Charles Lyon.

James W. Slack, Esq. Hubert Legh.

Roger C. Parr, Esq. Kirkham Division.-Ambulance Officer A. Ward reSigned, 23. 2 21 Southport Division.-Harold ?beldon, M.D., M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.2.21, Vice Dr. Bentall promoted to District Staff.

Fleetwood Corps (Fleetwood Nursing Division ).-Lady Divisional Supt. A. Brierley resigned, 11.2.21

134 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- March, 2 I

Sefton Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Finch (nee Woodall) resigned, 8.2.21

Dukinfield Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Nellie Walker to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3I.I.2I NO.5 DISTRICT.

Whitwood Collieries Division.-D. H. Currer Briggs to be Divisional Supt., 10. I.21

L. A. Johnson, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 10.1. 2

C. C. Hargreaves, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., to be DIVIsional Surgeon, I I. I.2I

Dewsburyand District Corps (Dewsbury Nursmg Dlvlsion).-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. R Stead transferred to Brigade Reserve, 12.2.2 I

Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Crosland transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 12.2.21

Worksop Division.-Arnbulance Officer C. Wheeler resigned, 23.2.21

Warsop Corps ( Warsop Division ).-Staff Sergeant WIllIam Everett to be Corps Sergeant-Major, 18.2.21

North Bierley Nursing Dlvision.-Henry WhItteron Robinson, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.r.21

Ambulance Sister Kathleen I. Briggs to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 12. I.2 I

Askern Division.-Ambulance Officer J. Edwards trans fel red to "A" Division, Sheffield Corps, with effect from 2.3. 2 1

Sowerby Bridge Division.-William Duguid, M B., Ch. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3.3. 21

Uttoxeter Town Division.-Hartas Foxton, M.C., M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 28.2.21, vice Dr. Wilkins lelt the Distriot.

Lincoln Corps.-Corporal William Arthur Codd to be Corps Officer, 5.2.21, vice W. Cooper resigned, 5.1.21

L incoln Corps (" B" D i I, ision).-Sergeant Charles Jeffery to be Ambulance Officer, 5. 2 21

Lincoln Corps (" A" Division).-Staff Sergeant William Thomas Mitton Trafford to be Ambuiance Officer, 5 2 2 1

Boston D ivision. Sergeant Samuel Herbert Bourne to be Ambulance Officer, 10.2.21, vice L. M. Gaze deceased

Sergeant George Fox to be Ambulance Officer, 9.2.21, vice

W. H. Lunn resigned.

Nottingham Corps (B eeston Nursing Division).-Charles Horne Warner, M.B., B.S., B.Sc., M.RC.S., L.RC.P., D.P.H., to Le Divisional Surgeon, 12.1.21

Ambulance Sister Doris Watson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27.1.21, vice Mrs. Smith resigned.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner R Anderson, M.D., traneferred to the Brigade Reserve, 17.2.21

Divisional Supt. William Scott to be District Officer, 16 2.2I., vice James Page transferred to Brigade's Reserve.

District Officer E. S. Wood transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 17.2.21

District Officer Lt.-Colonel Robson resigned, 3.3. 2

District Officer Liet.·Col. L. Robson resigned, 2.3"21

Darlington Nursing Division.-Ambulance Siste"r Agnes

G. Gardiner to be Lady Divisional Supt., 25,1.21

Sleekburn Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss

E. Storey resigned, 14. 2.21

West Hartlepool Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon

E. Swanwick resigned, 16.2.21

Wallace M. Conley, M.B., Ch.B. to be Divisional Surgeon, 19·2.21

Hull Corps Central Division.-Corporal William Burgess to be Ambulance Officer, 16.2.21

Hull Corps (E arlesd Shipyard Division).-Ambulance Officer Gordon Backhurst to be Divisional Supt., 13.3. 21 , vice

J. W. Sayner resigned, 31.12.20

Pte. John William Bateman to be Ambulance Officer,

3.3. 21

Jarrow Divislon.-Ambulance Officer George Pugmire to be Transport Officer, 16.2.21

Se rg t. J GillI?an to be Ambulance Officer, I.3. 2 1

Sergt. Willtam vVllson to be Ambulance Officer, 2.3. 21

Sergt. John Smith to be Ambulance Officer, 26.2.21

Sergt. Charles Etheridge to be Ambulance Officer, 27.2.21

Sergt. George Chegwin to be Ambulance Officer, 28.2.21 NO.7 DISTRICT.

Ironbridge Corps.-Corps Supt. A. W. Bartham resigned

8.2.21

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner C. A. Coventen, M.RC.S., trans. ferred from 2 District to No.8 District, 2.3. 2 [ Guildford Corps (Ca mberley and Frimley Div;sion). _

Albin Edward JuPP to be Ambulance Officer, 12.2.21

Brighton and Hove Corps (Br ighton Division).-Ambu. ance Officer Tansley resigned, 17. 2 21

Brighton Nursing- Division.-Lady Divisional Surgeon L. M. Henry resigned, 17.2.21

Brighton Special Police Division.-Divisional Supt. W. C. Pickett resigned, 16.2.21

Ambulance Officer J. C, Mulreman resigned, 16.2.21

Isle of Thanet Corps ( Westgate-on-Sea Nursing Division ).

-Maurice F. Squire, M.D., B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. to Divisional Surgeon, 12.2.2

Chatham and District Diyision.-Sergt. William John Murray to be Ambulance Officer, 28.2.21

Ashford Town Division.-Corporal Frederick J. Miles to Divisional Supt., 28.2.21

Gravesend Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss C. Carter resigned, 2.3. 21 NO.9 DISTRICT.

Lieut.-Colonel James Philip Stephen Ward, M.RC.S L.RC.P., R.A.M.C.(T.F.), to be County Surgeon for theCounty of Devonshire, 4,3.21

Thomas Pengelly to be District Officer for the County of Devonshire, 4.3.21

Thomas Daniel Perkins to be District Officer for the County of Devonshire, 4'3. 21

Mrs. Elsie Douglass Pethybridge to be Lady District Officer for the County of Devonshire, 4.3.21

Newton Abbot Corps (Ki ngsteignton Division).-Corporal

George Robert Newcombe to be Ambulance Officer, 8.2.21

Borough of Plymouth Corps.-Captain Harold Fitz Vella. cott, M.C., F.R.C.S., to be Corps Surg-eon, 4.3. 21

Thomas Alfred Hitchcock to be Corps Supt., 4.3,21

William Francis Pethick to be Corps Officer, 4.3.2

Bertie Henry Leonard Fourte to be Corps Officer, 4 3. 2I

Mrs. Josephine Vellacott to be Lady Corps Supt., 43 21

Miss Minnie Josephine Dumble to be Lady Corps Officer, 4.3.2

Mrs. Frances Mary Underhay to be Lady Corps Officer, 43· 2I

Mrs. Jessie Minnie Abbot to be Lady Corps Officer, 4.3. 21

Frederick Marden to be Corps Officer, 8,3,21

Bodmin Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Bessie Arnall to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22.2.21

Pool Carn Brae Nursing Division. Lady Divisional Supt.

Mrs. E. Maynes resigned, 83,2 I

N 0. 10 DI ST RICT.

Bawdsey Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Hay left the Brigade, 24.2.21

Bawdsey Divis ion - Divisional Supt. W. Forrest left the Brigade, 24.2.21

Manningtree N ursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt.

Mrs. A. Bree left the Brigade, 242,2 I

Naction Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. E. Hancox left the Brigade, 24. 2.21

March Division. - Corporal Albert Edward Mortlock to be Divisional Supt.

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Bray Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Miss Loui se Schroeder to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 31.1.2I, vice Miss L. OdIum resigned.

W. & R. Jacobs & CO. s Division. - Private Robert Wrigh t to be Ambulance Officer, I.I.21

Private Joseph Smurthwaite to pe Divisional Supt. 1.1.21

March, 19 2 1. FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 135

Morgan Mooney's Division.-Private Joseph MacNamara t be Ambulance Officer, 1.1.21

o John Keogh to be Divisional Supt., 1.1.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Thomas Halliwell, M.D. to be District Surgeon, 1.3. 21

Pte A J. Bone to be District Officer, I.3 2 I. Sergt.· Frederick Edward Drinkwater to be Dlstnct

Officer 2.3. 21 b D' t . t Officer William Thomas to e IS nc

Officer, 3,3. 21 b D' t 'ct A:nbulance Officer Ernest Jesse Prew to e IS n Officer, 4.3. 21 b D' Offi Ambulance Officer H arry Gutndge to e IStrICt cer,

5·3 Bernard Hemphrey to District Officer, 6.3.21

Ashford Station Division.-Alber,t Samuel MartIn,

L R C P L.R.C.S., F.R.C.S. to be DIVISIonal Surgeon, 28.2.21

Arms Division.-Ambulance Officer Alfred

Jam es Green to be Divisional Supt., 1.3 21 Ch I P

Faversham Division. - Ambulance Officer ar es .

Curling to be Divisional Supt., £.3. 21

Hastings Division.-Ambulance Officer Charles Milton to be Divisional Supt., 1.3. 21 A h

North Kent Division.-Ambulance Officer Thomas rt ur

Oliver to be Divisional Supt., 1.3. 21 W'll' T

Orpington Division. - Ambulance Officer I lam

Burg ess to be Divisional Supt., I.3· 21 W

Queenborough Division.-Ambulance Officer Charles

Kers ley to be Divisional Supt., 1.3. 21 P I

Red Hill Division.-Ambulance Officer T. H. a mer to be Divisional Supt., 1.3 21 Officer Arthur Waters

Sevenoaks Division.-Am bulance to be Divisional Supt., 1 3. 21

Victoria Division. - Ambulance Officer Walter Char es

Ban ks to be Divisional Supt., 1.3. 21 be Ambulance

Dover Division.-Pte. Tom Jones to Offic er,22.2.2I R CSt b

Ian Dalrymple Clarke Howden, M.D., F. 0 e

Divisi onal SurReon, 22.2 .21 b A b I

Reading Division.-Sergt. John Brmdley to emu ance

Offic er, 1.321

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : NO.2 DISTRICT.

Newport Division ( Isle of Wight )-Disbanded

Slough Division.-Re-named Slough Town lVIslon, 22.2.2 1

NO. 3 DISTRICT.

Acdes and Pollock Division.-Disbanded 22.2,21

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Abercromby Nursing 1 I 2.21

Blundellsands Nursing 11.2.21

Port Sunlight I I.2 21

Port Sunlight Nursing DIvIslOn. - DIsbanded r I.2 21

NO .5 DISTRICT. , "

Meir Division,-Re-named " Meir and Longton DIVISIon, Colliery Division.-Withdrawn from Warsop Corps, 2.3.21 l"lO. 6 DISTRICT.

Sleekburn Nursing Division.-Disbanded 11.2.2I

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Brighton Special Polic.e Pivision.:-Disbanded 16.2.21

Gravesend Nursing DIvIsIon.-DI5banded 4.3 2 I NO.9 DISTRICT.

_ Pool Cam Brae Nursing Division.-DIsbanded 8.2.21 No. 10 DISTRICT.

Bawdsey 2J2.21

Bawdsey Nursing DIvIslon.-Dlsbanded 2.) 2.2 I

,

Manningtree Nursing Division.-Disbanded 23.2.21

Nacton Nursing Division.-Disbanded 2J2.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. Dover Division.-Sanctioned 22.2.21

JAMES R ANDREW CLARK ChIef CommISSIOner.

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

His Royal Highnp.ss the Grand Prior has the award of the Service Medal to the followmg members .EM PIRE OF INDI A.

Lieut. - Colonel H. C. Norman White, Additional Assistant Commissioner, No. District .,.

F. N. Kapadia, L.M. & S. DIVISional Surgeon, Parsl DIVIsion, No. 3 District ..,

D. F. Panthaki, Divi5ional Supt., Parsl DIVISIOn, o. 3 District

G. N. Gazdar, Second Ambulance Officer, Parsl Division, NO.3 District

R. E. Kharas, Fourth Ambulance Officer, Parsl DIVISIOn, No." 3 District .

A. C. Doctor, Corporal, Parsi D}v.Is.IOn, o. 3

R E Settna Sergeant Parsi DIVISIon, NO·3 k?lst!lct

N·. E'. Baria,'Sergeant,'Parsi No. 3

E. H. Suntoke, Private, Parsl DIVISIon, NO.3 Dlstnct DO:\1INION OF CANADA.

Joseph Owen, Corporal, Canadian Westinghouse" B" Division, No. 39

DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND.

Major A. L. Gray, District, Christchurch, Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Dlstnct d' C Miss C. M. Mackersy, Lady Corps Supt., Dune m orps, Auckland District

The formation of the following Divisions has been sanctionecil since August 1Ith, 19 20 :-

DOMINIO N OF CANADA.

Saskatchewan District.-Bradwell Nursing Division, datld June 21st, 19 19

E IPIRE OI<' INDIA. No.2 District.-Indian No.2 Division, dated :rvlay 12th 19 20

DOMINIO)l' OF NEW ZEALAND. , Canterbury, Nelson, and West Coast trict.-Beckenham Nursing DIVISion, dated August 17 th , 9-

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA. Ob tory r ursing Divi· Cape of Good Hope Distnct.- serva sion, dated October 8th, 19 20

Gen Sir R Havelock Charles, G.c.V.O., Chief Comfor the Brigade Overseas, has sanctIOned the following appointments, &c. :-

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA:

N South Wales District.- Balmain E.

H eWB d M B to be Divisional Surgeon Vice N - ousen ra y, ., H daters No I Nursmg IVI·

1:1. B deceased, 2t1 Dea addition'al Divisi61nal SursIon.-A. R. Mc eo, S·, burbs Nursing Dlvision.-Mlss uOfficer vice Mrs. A. C. Sharpe

1,3.10.20 , F a Division. -J. Cranwell to be Vlctona Dlstnct.- 00 scr y

First Ambulance Officer, 1.2.21

DOi\IINION OF CANAD A. J

British DIVISion No. 18.-.nrs. '. ?

Supt., vice Miss J. Campbell reSigned, 30 I 1._0

- FIRST AID &: THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- March, 192 r.

New Bru nswick District.-St. ] ohn Central Nursing Division No. 27.-Mrs. A. M. Rowan to be Lady Divisional Supt.,

I.I.21

Ontario District.-Kingston Central Nnrsing Division No. 21. - Miss F. Abernethy to be Lady Divisional Supt.,

1<. Carruthers resigned, 27.1o.ZO. 'Vest Toronto DIvIsIon No. 5.-A. C. Kline to be Fourth Ambulance Officer, 24.12.70

EMPIRE OF INDIA.

No. 3 District.-Surat Cosmopolitan H. Dastur, M.S. to be Divisional Surgeon vice Dr. Rege

17.J2.20. Baroda Dlvision.-Dr. P. K. Patel to be DIvIsIOnal Surgeon, 13.1.21. Dr. A. C. Cooper to be Divisional Supt., J 3.1.21

DOl\lINION OF NEW ZEALAND.

C. Dawson Henry, M.D. to be Senior Medical Officer within the Dominion, 8.J2.20

Christchurch, Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast District.-Christchurch Corps.-Miss F. L. Cooper to be Corps Secretary vice J. A. Lash transferred to Reserve of Officers, 27. 10.20

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA.

Cape of Good Hope District.-Observatory Nun:ery Division.-R. Drummond, M.R.C.S. to be Divisional Surgeon, 14.10.20. Mrs. K. Spillman to be Lady Divisional Supt., 14.10.20. Mrs. A. More to be Nursing Officer, 14.10.20

The Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery oj' the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E. C., 7th March, I92I.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England'-

As Knz'ghts of Grace,'

The Marquis of Zetland, K. T.

Sir Robert Arundell Hudson, G.B.E., As Lady of Grace,' Constance Maria, Lady Harris.

As Esquires,'

Francis Hubert Barclay.

Lieut'-Colonel Walter Lidwell Harnett, M.B., F.Re.S.

Francis Kenneth Kerr, M.C., M.B., RA.M C.

John Stnclalr, e.B.E. M.D. (from Honorary Associate).

Colonel Charl es Anthony Lamb, C.M.G., M.V.O.

As Honorary Servt'ng Sisters,' Flora, Miss Macpherson, RR.C.

Elizabeth, Miss Campbell.

Alice, Miss Newsham.

Helen Eliza.beth Hardy, Miss McN abo

As Honorary Associates,'

Harry George Waters, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., D.P.H.

Major John Donald Gunn, M.D., F.R.e.S., RA.M.e.

Captain Lionel Beale Clarke, L.M.S.S.A. ( London ), RA.M.C.

Major Hugh Georlfe Hobson, R A.M.e.

The Rev. Roland Herbert Cragg, O.B.E., M.C.

The Duke of Connaught during his visit at Delhi in inspected the Simla and Delhi Nursing DivisIon at VIceregal Lodge, and presented a number of ladies

St. John Ambulance badges. Mr. W. Harley and SIr Sydney Crookshank were created Knights of Grace.

Plymouth and District Ambulance Service.

THE Plymouth and District Ambulance Service, which was one of the largest and busiest private ambulance services in the British Isles, has re cently been incorporated into the work of the Order of St. John.

The present highly efficient organisatien is the outcom e of a junior First Aid class of about twelve m e mbers organised by the present Director-Mr. Hedley Miller-i n November, 1910, from members of the Bible Classes at the George-street Sunday School, Plymouth. Th e followin g account of the gradual development of this small class into a highly organised Ambulance Service is of considerabl e interest, and the Order of St. John is pleased to welcom e into its Ambulance Department a body who have shown by their excellent work that they are imbued with the same high principles which underlie the work conducted unde r the auspices of the Order.

In 191 I the first St. John Ambulance Association class was formed and the first lecturer, Dr. T. G. Vawdrey, was ultimately elected Honorary [Life Member of th e Association for his serv.ices.

By about 1912 some attempts were made to render public service, but the organisation had considerable ridicule to encounter, and was known. by many as "Miller's Folly."

In I 9 2 the name was changed from the George-street Church Ambulance Class to the George-street Ambulanc e Brigade, and this name is still used as a rule by th e public.

Possessing no funds th e members instituted an improvised equipment consisting of hard hats when on duty, S.J.A.A. white armlets, waist belts consisting of clean portmanteau straps, cycle tool bags for bandage pouches, obsolete wooden army water bottles, overcoat and broomhandle stretcher, and obsolete stretchers which would not fold.

In 1914 a casualty room was opened and stocked, mainly by the energies of a store-officer, who during the war, through his devotion to the ambulance work, in addition to arduous munition work, gave his life for the Cause.

In 1914 tne ambulance men commenced an evening and night duty system on the Church pI emises. This formed the nucleus of the present Central Ambulance Station.

Amusing attempts to institute a calling system were arranged, such as a Police whistle on the church gates with a notice directing the public to blow in case of accid e nt (practically only used by mischievous coyS); a clockwork bell rung by pulling a stone hanging from a long rope stretched from the ambulance room to the entrance. (Successful, but used to ring every time a shower of rain came on and shrank the cord. During a snow-storm the bell rang when the weight of snow caused tension on cord) ; then a long electric wire to a bell-a "pear push" at the entrance. (This device was also supe rseded, as one day when the ambulance men were greatly needed, a man seeing the pear push, mistook it for a pull bell and pulled with all his might, severing all the electric connections, but not calling the men).

The present alarm system consist of telephones at main stations and Director's residence; small branch exchange, electric accident alarm bell and indicators ; automatic electric fire alarm system being part of the Fire Brigade simultaneous calling arrangement, installed by Plymouth Corporation; special" up system to

March,

19 2 1,

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 137

summon all the members of the Service in case of a large fire or disaster

The officers and members volunteered in a body for active service on 4th August, 1(;)14. Many, on account of Admiralt y work at the Royal Dockyards, were prohibited from gcing. FortY.left for serVIce and three lost their liv f' s in the servI.ce of then A plete air raid am bulance was ann tralI:ed special constables and others 10 first aId, 10 cas e of raIds. Officers and mem bers assisted in of soldiers and sailors in " Canteen work m connectlOn wIth the Chqrch at George street. One officer of the Ambulance Service, although fully engaged all day, spent every available moment on duty, and during the first few months of the war averaged hours a week in his own homein the first years of war he slept in a proper bed only 50 nights.

During the war the Duke of Connaught paId the central ambulance station a visit, made a close inspection, and addressed the officers and men, highly complimenting them on their devotion to du.ty and efficiency.

The members voluntanly lost about £ 100 10 wages during the influenza epidemic in 1918 in the w?rk of transporting the serious cases from Plymouth and ships calling at the Port t? the and other Nursing Homes. For thls serVIce a speCIal grant of £25 was given by the Corporation of Plymouth.

•

The Chief Medical Officer (Consultant) IS Col. A. B ertram Soltau, C.M.G., c.B.E., C c., who was one of the five consultants of the Army Medical Service in France and Flanders. He is Chairman of the Public Health Committee of Plymouth, and a well-known consulting physician. The Staff Surgeon is Lt. Col. J. P S Ward, who was re cently appointed an Hon. Associate of the Orde.r .of John for distinguished service. The Staff PhYSICIan Dr. Colin Lindsay, a famous West country tuberculOSIS specialist and consultant. There are Divisional surgeons attached to the Divisions.

Mr. Hedley C. Miller who is the Director of the Plymouth Ambulance S e rvice is :-A Life Member of S.J.A.A.; the first man in the S.J.A.A. movement to obtam home nursing demonstrator's certificate (London); holder of First Aid demonstrator's certificate (Bristol); holder of the Vell um Vote of Thanks of the Ord e r, I9I7 ; a trained casualty dresser, &c. (Large General Hospital); a Fellow of the College of Am bulance; holder of medallion and eight bars, home nursing and sanitation. certificates; detached classes secretary (Plymouth); pubhc lecturer on the work of the Order and ambulance work in general, (popu· lar lectures to Churches, organised labour, &c.); ambulance instructo r Plymouth Constabulary, tramway employees, &c

The Staff Matron is Mrs. W. L. Pethybridge, who, previou s to her marriage to a prominent Plymouth doctor, was a Senior Sister in a large hospital.

The Central Ambul;wce Station at George-street is a spaciou s building comprising a lecture Toom, room (day and night service), living room and store, DIrector's and Officers' office and central stretcher d e pot, and accommodatio n for motor ambulance; there are also four substation s, and four stretcher depots.

The organising of classes in first aid and home nursing for men and women under S .J .A.A. auspices includes classes in Devon and Cornwall for ambulance workers and policemen, &c.

The Accident Service is the officially-appointed service for the Borough of Plymouth, including police with a of 250,000, there is ample scope for Its

usefulness. The ambulances also are sent for by all the country areas around in cases of agriculture machinery accidents, road collisions, railway injuries, &c. Every outbreak of fire is attended (large or small) by one or more cars and staff. Work includes removal of invalids from danger zones; care of firemen and helpers injured or exhausted; caring fo r the dense crowds at large fires. All large meetings and demonstrations, &c., are attended by adequate staffs, and a certain amount of surgical and nursing r eq uisites are loaned to the sick poor.

In addition to working for the local medical men and nursing homes, the Invalid Transport Service officially carries out the work of the public institution in and around the district.

A certain amount of home nursing, including fever work, has been undertaken, and this work will shortly be considerably extended, and one or two nursing stations staffed day and night established.

A few months ago an ambulance man was embarked on a liner as a temporary assistant to the doctor.

Lieut.-Col. C. I. Ellis, Commissioner NO.9 District, writing on the Plymouth Ambulance Service, says :-

" The report shows a really wonderful record o! keenness and organising abIlity on the part of the DIrector, and it is almost incredible that such results could be obtained in so short a time.

"I feel sure that all St. John Ambulance Brigade members wil1 be gratified that such an energet!c body of men and women are, now, enrolled under the Whlte Cro.5s. I hope that their energy will inspire the <;>lder workers with fresh courage and initiative and that thls body c:f newlyjoined St. lohn Ambulance Brigade wJlI find III the brotherhood and traditions of our ancIent Order a source of fresh inspiration to them."

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING February I7 V.A.D. nursing members posted to Ministry of Pensions (IS) and Naval (2) hospItals. Applications by ex-Service women for free passages 10 connection with the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women number 958.

Her Majesty the Queen honoured the V:A.D. Club by a visit on Saturday, Februarv 12th. Her Majesty, who was accompanied by Princess Ma.ry, with Mabel, Coun.tess of Airlie, in attendance, was recelved by Lady AmpthIll and Mrs. Salisbury Jones, Directors of the Club, and .Mrs. How, secretary. The Queen made. a tour of inspectlOn of the club, stopping to converse WIth of the members happened to be in the club at tIme leavmg, lier Majesty, who is Patron of the club, s!gned the Members' book, as did Princess Mary, who IS an honorary member ,

The wedding took place at St. Stephen s Church, Ealing on February 5th, of Miss F. E. Woodell, M B.E., 148, to Mr. J. E. Moxon Miss Woodell had been a member of the hea.dquarters staff of the V.A.D. department since early in 1915, and for the last years has acted as private secretary .to Lady AmpthIll. The bride's wedding dress was of w.hIte and she carried a bouquet of white carnatlOns and lIlIes of the valley. The wedding was attended by many members of the headquarters staff.

We are informed by the Welfare Department that the closing of Beech Grove was duly on March 1St, the patients oeing evacuated the previOUS Saturday. The Com-

_ FIRST AID & TIlE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- March, 1921.

passionate Committee most kindly made grants to take the patients to their various destinations and to defray the costs at other convalescent homes for those who were still in need of treatment, by this means helping to minimise the dfects of the closing of the home. Further arrangements are in contemplation for helping the V.A.Ds. in need of treatment, and the details when se ttled will be duly announced. Lady Ampthill wrote a kind letter of thanks to the Commandant and Staff of the Home, and of farewell to the patients, the reading of which gave great pleasure.

The loan of Beech Grove by Captain and Mrs. Fullarton J ones and Miss Hichens for a period of a whole year rent free has been an inestimable benefit to the V.A.Ds , and the good fortune of finding so able a medical officer as Dr. Matthews Duncan, M. D., O.B.E. residing next door, has made the Home even more useful than it would otherwise have been. In closing the Home, the excellent voluntary work done by Mrs. Cotton in its foundation at ArdingtolJ, and later at Hartsleap and Beech Grove, and the work of Miss Towns, must not be forgotten, and the present commandant, Miss Bickmor e, has given able and devoted service during her tenure of office. The year's work at Beech Grove will always be a happy remembrance to the W e lfare Department and to the many girls who received treatment there during the period. The Ministry of Pensions, which had three reserved beds for th e use of their patients, express regret that the Convalescent Home should not continu e.

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

THE following extract from a R e port received from Dr. T. Storie Dixson, Commission for the New South Wales District will, it is hoped, prove of interest to members of the Brigade generally, and shows that the work of the Brigade Overseas in New South Wales is rapidly recovering frum the serious set back which has been common throughout the Brigade Overseas during the past five years.

A notable event in the history of the Brigade Overseas within the Commonwealth was the holding of the first Inter-State Conference at Melbourne on the loth April last. Representatives from all the States attended.

The visit of H.R.H. The Prince of Wales gave the members a splendid opportunity to show their fully organised condition and usefulness. On the morning of the Prince's arrival more than 3CilO were on duty along the route of the procession, thus making it impossible to be inspected with other war workers, but H.E. the Governor arranged that the Brigade Overseas should be represented by the District Staff, each of whom Lwas presented to the Prir:ce. Th.e. from the ?fficers in charge of depM dunng the vlSlt, which were furnIshed to the Commissioner indicated splendid work, involving attention to more 1,000 cases , some of the more serious ones being sent to Sydney Hospital.

Life Saving Medals of the Order of St. John in silver and bronze respectively, were presented by H.E. Sir Walter Davidson, K C.M.G. on June 26t.h, to. Frederick. Z'3.hra and Frederick Martyn, both traIned 1D the Bngade, for conspicuous bravery on 13th last year at the Gas Works, Mortlake. They entered a gas tank in an endeavour to save three men who had been overcome by fumes. This was the

first time that these medals have been conferred in New South Wales.

The Annual Inspection of Am bulance and Nursing Divisions took place on 4th September in the Inner Domain adjoining Government House. H.E. The Governor, accompanied by Dame Margaret Davidson, attended and conducted the inspection. The tot al strength on Parade was 3 2, as more than 60 of the amb ulance men were excused from attendance owing to duty a t races, football matches and surf beaches. At the conclusion of the inspection the Brigade units marched past H is Excellency in columns of e ight. Subsequently a First A id Demonstation was given by squads of men dnd woman.

Sir Walter Davidson at the close of the work congrat ulated the mem bers on the excellence of their training.

Members of the Brigad e Overseas attended in force at the annual Brigade Service at St. Andrew's Cathedral on Sunday morning, June 27th, Sir Walter Davidson an d Dame Margaret Davidson attended the service, at whic h the Rev. H. K Archdall, headmaster of the Armidale College was the preacher.

Leicester V.A.D.

A MOST enjoyable musical and dramatic entertainment was gi ven by a few mem bers and friends of No. 4 Detachme nt of the Leicester V.A.D. at the Constitutional Club in a id of the headquarters' fund.

The following took part and made the necessa ry arrangements :-The Misses Doris and Valerie Faire, Doris Johnson, Beatrice, Doris and Winnie Ellis, Violet West and Marjorie Arculus.; Messrs. E. Rowbotham, W. Fulfor d, E. Bell and L. Poole.

The performance and musical arrangemen ts were most satisfactorily carried out, and reflected great credit on all concerned. The stage lights and accessories were lent by the members and their friends.

The club hall was crowded by a large and enthusiastic audience, amongst whom were Sir Samuel and Lady Faire, and Mr. A. W. Faire. The latter, during a short interval, made a few complimentary remarks and explained th e objects of the V.A.D., the good work the members wer e doing, and urging the need for keeping the movement alive and ready to help in any emergency.

A competition in Roller Bandaging took place on Match 3rd at the V.A.D. Headquarters, Leicester, Robe rt Young, Esq., M.D., the examiner, expressing his approval of the efficient manner in which the bandaging was carrie d out.

The prize winners were Miss Greasley (V.A.D. 2) an d Miss Steeples (V. A.D. 30), who both gained the maximu m number of marks.

Miss Musson, Assistant County Director, kindly pr esented the prizes, and a vote of. thanks was accorded to Dr. Young for his services.

RED CROS S AND ORDER OF ST. JOI-fN.-To inaugurate the peace-time activities of the New Zealand Re d Cross and Order of St. John, a public meeting was hel d in October in the Town Hall, Wellington, H.E. th e Governor General) Viscount J ellicoe, presiding. Th e chairman, in addressing the meeting, after referring to th e meeting of the General Council in Geneva last March, emphasised the objects for which the League of Red Cross Societies had been created.

March, 19 2 1. -FIRST

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIALProgress

DISTRICT REPORTS -

No. I NO.2

NO.4; NO.5; N o. 1 2

LET TER S TO THE EDI TORTeaching Real First Aid Golden Rules in Competition

O ur Ambulance Badge S c'rolls

T HE ST. JOHN AMBUL ANCE GAZETTEOfficial Brigade Gazette ...

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England

Plymouth and Distri ct Ambulan ce Servi ce V.A.D. Notes and News

Br ig ade Overseas

Leicester V A D.

Br evi ties

QUE RIES AND ANSWER S TO CORRESPOND ENTSCompound Fra cture of Femur

T reatment of O pium Poison in g

Contents of S.J .A.B. P ou ch

W .a r Servi ce Bad g e

PRA CTICAL POlNTS-

F irst Aid with Efficien cy

REVIEWS -

The Care of Children

12

13

Al D.- 139

otherwise have been reachp,d for a long time. This example of co-operation between the aviator and the worker offers new and great possibilities, for it demonstrates that the aeroplane, after having been a powerful weapon of destruction, can be t he means of bringing assistance with great speed to the scene of a great catastrophe otherwise inaccessible.

'* '* ..

A MONG the most gratifying of am bulance records for last year is that pertaining to the activities of the Great W (>stern •Centre. There was a marked increase in the interest taken in the work , and a glance at the examination results for the whole line shows that the successful students of first aid exceeded by more than 5° per cent. the number for the previous year. The successfull first-year candidates for 1920 outnumbered by 380 those for the preceding year.

'* * *'

In contemplating the number of personal injuries which, despite our best offorts to prevent them, befall railway men in th e course of th e ir duties, it affords no small measure of consolation to know that we may reckon in thousands the Great Western men who are thoroughly efficient in the speedy application of first aid treatment.

* * '*

A ssoc iation and the Central Committee for the Care of Cri pples which was recently held in tondon, Sir Arthur S ta nley, chairman of the British Red Cross, concluding the pr oceedings, said that the problem of child cripples had bee n specially brought to his notice during the examination of the question of what work was to be done by the joint soci e ties of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John. O ne of the schemes suggested for the Red Cross was in c onnection with child welfare. There were, he said, many societies engaged in that work, anp they had all for some ti me past felt the need of co-op eration. An interchange of vi ews between the various societies resulted in the formati on of the Central Council of Children's Welfare, on which were represented practically all the important child welfare societies.

'* '* '*

**'*

The British Red Cross Society is embarkin g on a new scheme of peace time activities, and proposes to enlist the services of the whole nation Special steps are being taken to organise the youth of the country to co-operate in this work by acts of service to the hospitals, and the sick and suffering generally. New members are asked to pay only a penny a week, or four shillings and fourpence annually. Each branch of the Red Cross throughout Great Britain is now engaged in obtaining recruits, and it is expected that there will be great rivalry amoung the counties in novel efforts to obtain' new members. The money so obtained will, among other things, lessen the financial strain on hospitals.

2ueries mill be dealt witk under tke tolloming rules :-

I.-Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on tke top left kana corner of 'tke envelope Query," and addressed-FtRST AID, 46 , Cannon-street, LondlJn, R. C, 4. ,

:I.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from tlte current issue of tke Journal, Or in cas, ot Queries trom abroad from a recent issue.

?-Tke Textbook, to wkidz. reference may be made in these columns, is the 36th (r920) Edition of S./.A.A. Manual of First·Aid.

TREATMENT OF QpIUM Por::'ON1NG.

H. B. (New Cross),--In a practice amongst ourselves the other day, I set a test in which I imagined a woman lying huddled up on a doorstep, partially conscious, and complaining of great pain in her stomach. My object was to emphasise the importance of eliciting hist?ry, .from which the cause of the emergency-OpIUm POIsonmgwould have been established and correct treatment afforded accordingly; and my idea was that salt and water could easily be obtained on request from the householder, on whose doorstep the patIent was found. W,e have had a discussion as to whether or no an emet Ic should be given before making the patient walk up and down, and shall welcome your decision, The emetic should not be delayed one second longer than you can help, though the Textbook (page. 155), allows ,you to hold it up until you have given drinks, whIch by filling the stomach render the act. of vomltmg easy .than it might otherwise be, especially m the case of OplUm POIsoning.'

So much for your Query, now for the test Opium pain; and I want to know why ,your lady, who. sufferIng from Opium Poisoning, complained " great l?allllll stomach." Think it out! Further, would you give a drInk of salt and water to a "partially conscious" patient? Think again! !N, CORBET FLETCHER.

C6)MPOUND FRACTURE OF FEMUR.

H. W. (Dowlais),-If I had to treat a Compound Fracture of Femur, the leg being in a doubled. position, I. be right in " placing limb in natural posItIon," beanng In mmd that must not apply extension to lower fragment?

I do not quite know what you mean by" leg in doubled position." I f you mean by this that the lower fragment of broken thigh is lying doubled up beneath the upper, thet;! I should advise you to do nothing m,ore than you need. the doctor's arrival, because the femoral artery velD, If have thus far escaped injury, would run urgent risks bemg perforated by the fragments, ut;!less the replacement IS made by one intimately conversant With anatomy. If, you mean a less extreme position, then, I suppose, suc;h actlot;! as described would be in accordance with Textbook mstructlons provided'that (I) you pay heed to the full details thereof (p.4 8) and that (2) you do g:eat .care,:' using force," and" without go .tllllImb splmted.

Personally, with such an IllJury, If I were In your I would remind myself that the prime of First AId IS, to prevent aE:gravation.J· and I WOUld. abstaIn from any interference with the and awaIt the doctor. - N,C.F.

CONTENTS OF S.J .A. B. POUCH.

T. W. H. (Leyton).- ( 1) Asks what are the regulation contents of S.J.A.B. Pouch?

(2) If a compressed triangular bandage is carried, what would we suggest as the most useful articles to carry in addition.

AID -

(1) The regulation contents are :-

I Triangular bandage sealed in wax paper.

2 Grey calico bandage I and 2 in, sizes. Packet surgeon's lint, Packet absorbent cotton wool.

Pair scissors.

6 Safety pins.

Box of 3 Iodine ampules.

Piece of Cane.

(2) In view of the above extras are not allowable.-EDlTOR, " FIRST AlD."

WAR SERVICE BADGE.

D. B. (Erith). -Points out that several members in his Division

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION READING" and "ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above C0urses at once.

A member or S.J.A.B. writes :_ic I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instructi0n received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J: E. WALDEN, Sec., College (Lady Dispenser Se€tion of the Westnunster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estQ. 1874) I 12. St. George's Road, Southwark. London.

DRUMS. BUGLES. FLUTES.

REPAIRS executed on the MUSIC published for premises in a few hours when urgently required. Drum, Flute and Bugles. Write for List.

HEADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a couple of hours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head same day.

H. POTTER & CO.,

3 6 -38 , WEST STREET, CHARING CROSS LONDON.

_ ESTABLISHED 18Il.-

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING & HOME HYGIENE

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C B C M.G" CLE., D.S.O" M.D., M,R.C.P.E., D.P,H,(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, ?f the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind MedalIst, Barnster-at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. J obn Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

The Indian Manual of First , Eighteenth EdItIOn. Pnce 2S.

The Indian Catechism of First Aid. Fifth Edition. Price IS Indian Home Nursing.Eighth Edition. Price 2S.

The Indian Catechism of Home Nursing. Second Edition. Price IS. 6d.

The Primer of Tropical Hygiene Fifth Edition. Pnce 2S. Indian Ambulance Training. Price. IS •• Specimen Papers tn First Aid, Home Nursing and Hygiene., , Third EditIOn. Pnce 15.

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Household Reference Chart. , Third Edition. Pnce 35. Supplies from Postage extra.

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46. OANNON STREET, LONDON. E.Q ,4c.

-FIRST

belong to the British Red Cross Society and are entitled to the Med a l which has been issued by that Society to its members who have given I,O OO hours voluntary service, would it be in order to wear it on the S.J.A. B. uniform ?

This is a matte r which will have to be put to the rulinl! of the Chief Commiss ioner. It is understood that this Medal was issued as an equ ivalent to the St. John War S ervi ce Bad g e.

M. R. L. ( India ).- Referring to the parag raph regarcing small sil ver St John Crosses on page 35 of September 1 9 20 number. I ask for particulars ?

1. Who are ent itled to wear these Crosses ?

2 Who sho uld wear I cross, 2 crosses, 3 crosses and 4 crosses ?

3. Whether there is any official form to be filled up, if any I shall thank you to send me one if possible ?

1. The small St. John Cros s es in question are worn upon the ribbon of the Service Medal of the Order, when ribbons only are worn, to denot e tha t the wearer is in possession of one or more bars to the medal, which are awarded for each additional five years serv ice fo llowing the award of the medal.

2 Those who are in p ossession of the Medal and one bar wear one cross and an additional cross for each bar obtained s ubsequently.

3. There is no formal form of application. As bars are awarded, a piece of ri b bon w ith the appropriate number of crosses is sent to the member through the Offi cer ·in-charge of his D istr ct.-ED. , F.A.

3loints.

T he E ditor invites Note s on actual Case s-wit h special r eference to l{ood and bad fJo ints in Treatment- ro r inclu sion n th is Co lumn

FIRST-AID WITH E FFI C I ENC Y , Not long a g o a man was dr i vin g a horse and cart into a nei g hbou ri n g town down a country road wh ich passed alon gs ide a r iv er. Suddenly he noted what seemed like a bundle of clothes flo a t in g slow ly do wn the stre a m On closer investigation he realised that it was t he bo d y of a woman who seemed alread y dead.

The case seemed hopeles s; but he de cid ed-nevertheless to take prompt a c tion in the hope of saving life, So, as he was unable to s wim, he d e tac hed the re ns from his horse, dashed down the road to the next br d g e across the river, secured one end of the re ins to a post, a nd, holdin g on firmly to the other, waded nto the wa ter By this means he su cceeded in rescuing the woman whom he drag g ed on to the r iver bank. He, then, commen ced Sch a efe r s art ific al resp rat ion at on ce, and after forty m inutes energ etic wor k suc ceed ing in getting her to b r eathe th.ough in s,hallow fa sh ion. This accomplished, he removed hIS patIent In the cart to the cO,ttage hos p ital, where, however, she succumbed a few hours later fr o m sho ck due to the effects of immersion strugglin g and exposure -L. R., C h a rlton P ark.

Reviews.

T H E C ARE OF CHILDREN. (4 th Edition )

By R. J. Bla ckh a m , C, B C.M G. , M. D., MD " M .R. C P.E., & c London : The S c ient ifi c Press, Ltd. Price 4s, 6d· ne t.

With th.e Ch ild 'Welfare Movement makin g su c h headway we can readily understand that a fresh ed ition of th is ex cellent book has been called for in such a small spac e of time and it may also be due to the fa ct that it is desi g ned to be used abroad as well as at home

Like predecessors we can strongly recommend this editIOn, which has been thoroughly rev ised, largely re-written, and a new chapt e r on "The Child's Mother, " has been added

A GREAT FIRST AID TO AID. ,

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical_ and surgical knowledge necessary fo r First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson , fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulanc e Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, ., The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is sci entifically accurate and reliabl e without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of H e alth laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body wh e n its functions are deranged by disease, a d escription of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestiv e system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body 's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations ar e of particular value, the "mannikins" or dummi es more especially; in these the org ans are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygi en e includ e s the full exposition of the Laws of H ealth, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c ., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has h ere b ee n assisted by a number of eminent wom e n physicians. Midwifery and th e treatment and Diseas es of Infants are here fully d ealt with ONE OF MANY OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:"Its all-r ound excell ence makes i t a valu ab le acq ui sitio n. T he section dealing wi t h ambul ance wo r k is es peciall y good T he boo k is wri tten in splendid sty le a nd the ill ust rat ions a re fi rst rat e. T he meth od of paymen t pl aces i wi thin lh e reach of all. "

A FREE BOOKLET.

The Standard Restorative

Over twenty-five years of consistent pfoof by results has justified medical men in regarding ·Hall's Wine as the Standard Restorative. Their confidence is based on their own practical Not only as a restorative has Hall's Wine achieved its reputation. As a preventative it has been found of great use when a run down condition favours disease. It 1Dresistance and creases gives tone to the system.

Hall's Wine is th e prescription of of a doctor. I ts ph ys iol o g ical effects are pr e cis e ly those which it w a s intended to produ c e.

STAINLESS IODINE II

All Workers should know that Iodine is a very valuable antiseptic. Tincture or Liniment form , however , It stains, hardens, and sometimes blisters the skin, while on broken or mucous surfaces it can be very irritating

EX I

is the ideal form in whi ch to us e Iod ne for all external uses. I ne ither stains nor hardens the skin, does not bl ister and irritates when applied to the most senS itive mucous surfaces As a first-aid dressin g for cuts, abrasions burns , bruises, sprains, etc., L.>DE X mainta in; an aseptic condition, redu ces inflammation, and promotes rapid granulat ion IODE X has been known to doctors for many years, and has their entire

IKeep a pot h a ndy To be obtamed from most chemists.

IMENLEY & JAMES, Ltd.,

l[a'tu./acturing Clumis ts ,

For

INFANTS,

INVALIDS and the AGED. U sed exte nsively in Brit is h, Civil a nd Mil!tary ho s pitals, and by the Red Cross Soc e ti e s o Gre at Bu aw, the ove rsea Do mini ons, and the Allt es. S old in tins by Cliemists,etc ,ev erY7Uhcre F OOD LTD - Otter Wo ks - MANOJl:£STER

ITHE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE.

NAME (Send this Form on a

ADDRESS

Get a Laundry-Proof Apron by Post

rfU .. Danca" Nurse's Apron is made from specially-manufactured, lin "n fini shed MHvel rloth, which resist s of laundering and hard wear. The fabric does nOl easily soil, and tbe clo se texture makes tearing impossible . IIundrecl s of testimonials prove th at better value cannot be oV ain ed at any pri ce.

\ "'betber ma d e to measure or s u pplied in stock size, the "Danco " A pron is posted wi hI n 24 hours of recei p of order , a nd so d at On e pr ce onl y G ua ran te ed pe rfect y cu t wit h wi de Lib fi tti ng we ll u nd er r o lla r (see illustra ion). The d ress s co mp le el y co vere d. P RIC E 6 / 9

Th e sk rti ng w dt h is 57 n. g ored an d 54 n (gat hered), w t h ge"e r ous he m of 2 in. Inverte d or patch ed pocke s, as d es red Send fo F ree Ca ta ogue o f N urses Wea r.

Nurses' Outfitting Association, Ltd.,

CARLYLE HOUSE, STOCKPORT.

London: 179, Viclo ri a Str ee t, S W . I (First Floor).

Newcastle =on= Tyne: 147, Northumberland St. (First Floor).

:

2 2 2 3 & 24, Exchange Arcade, Deansgate

LIverpool: 57B, Ren shaw Street. (First Floor).

Birmingham: 3, E yder Street, Central Hall Buildings (Corner of Co rpor at ion Street)

A I D.- March, 192 I.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By N. M.B., B.t., B.A.(Cuutab),

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, IS.

Flrst.Ald Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

" Col. Sir fames Ctltntlie contr:'butes an introduction and we endorse Itis 1:0fJa of the book. "- LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d. , post free.

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" This book wondeifully simplifies a complex subject and should be read bv all students."-L. & N.W. Rv GAZETTE.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

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Dlftlcultles In Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer.

"We cum mend this book til Lecturers and Students who will find it 0./ grea "-FIRST AID.

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AN INDEX OF \FIRST-AID.

By J. M. CARYELL, M.R.C.S.Lond.

Fcap. Bvo. Post free, Is.8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (40th thousand).

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THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects.

Price 2S. net; postage, 4d.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE:

Its Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and II6 Diagram s.

By HOWARD M. PRESTON. Demonstrator to tf,e Polytech'f ic II6I1lus. Price, IS. net; postage 2d.

THE ROLLER BANDAGE. By the Same Author.

Its Application Described by Words and 162 Diagram s. Pnce, I S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thirteen on Roller. Post free, 35. 9d. net. Each Diagram separately, 3d. 5, 6 and 14 (coloured), 6d. each.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING. By THEKLA BOWSER.

Illustrated. Post free, I s. 3d.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES. THIRD EDI TION.

Contractors to the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

SPECIALISTS IN UNIFORMS

Manufacturers of every description of Uniform Clothing and Equipment FOR ALL RAN K S. Jackets, Trousers, Great Coats, Cal's, Belts, Gloves, Haversacks, Waterbottles, etc. E stz'mates and Samples on request. 16, NILE STREET, CITY ROAD, LONDON, N.l., and at 8, YORK PLACE, LE E OS 84, MILLER STREET, GLASGOW.

By .R. J. BLACKHAM, C_B_, C.M.G" C.I.E., D.S.O" M.D , (I ) POlsomng,. (2) II ccmorrh age, Imen sibilily, (4) Asphyx ia (E us· pended Breathmg), (5) Fractures, Di slocati 0D!' and Spr a in s, (6)Wou nds, Biles, Scalds, Ruptur e and Minor Injurie s Th e Seri es cont ain s all the e·sential s of First Aid. Printed on linen -lin ed cards, 3i" x . 6d. net t each; postage 2d. extra. -

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL D_ BARDSWELL, M.V_O • M.D., F.R.C.P. Fscp Bv o. limp cloth IS. 6d. nel; po st 3d. JOHN BALE, SONS DANIELSSON, Ltd 88-91, Great 'l'ltcbfleld Street, London, W.t.

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 322.-VOL. XXVII. APRIL , I921. 3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI RST AID is published on tbe of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d •

Its aim and object being tbe advancement 01 Ambulancff. Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompamed (n ot necessarily for t;ublication) by the name and address of the Corr esponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications conn ected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegraphic Address,' "Twentv-four, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

AM B ULANCE competitions have been Ambulance held throughout the country this month

By our query column it will be seen that corr espondents are frequently raising points on competition tests in which they point out that the marking sheets vary with the treatment laid down in the text-book. In some cases their contentions are correct, and it is very discouraging to competitors to meet with such rebuffs when they are aware that their treatment of a case is the correc t one We publish in this issue a short article on " Golden Rules for Test-S ett e r, " we would urge that all those who are responsible for competition tests to give them careful study in order to eliminate any dissention as to the results of th eir Tests and JUdging.

Another point which we should lik e to s ee more elaborated in competition work is realistic surround ings of an accident. In some competitions which we ha ve wi tnessed it was impossible to judge if the "surroundin gs" were a river or a roadway, and for a team ent e rin g the competition arena it is well nigh impossible to tak e a qu ick mental survey of the supposed accid e nt, while in an actual case it would be perfe ctly apparent.

S J

A

B Officers Regulation Great Coats. Da rk • .• • • Grey cloth, to measure, £ 3 IC)S. 6d. QuotatIons for other eqUIpment on application. \\Trite for patterns and particulars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse

FOR SALE, a quantity of Ambulance Unifor m Trousers, all sizes, quite new, J6s. 6d. a pair.- Thornt on and Co , 24, Commercial-street, Brighouse.

T(J be cut and enclosed with all Queries MARCH, 1921.

C ompetitions. to d e cide which teams shall represent their district or railway in the Finals of th e Brigade and· Inter-Railway Competitions to be held ne x t month. We are pleased to note that this year there is a distinct improvement in the number of teams entering fo r competition. This is more especially marked on the R ai lways, and while the numbers have improved the quality o f t he work has also made advancement. These are hopefu l signs that we shall shortly see an all-round improvement in the am bulance movement.

These annual competitions play no small part in train109 men to act intelligently in times of emergency, and in lD creasing presence of mind by preparing th e m befor ebz..nd for times of crisis; in fact, such contests provide a most useful addition to the me n's ambulance education. It is, therefore, necessary that these competition tests sh ould be of the highest standard and worked out in every de tail by experts who have made the most careful study of th e text-book and competition work in order to obtain the h ighest efficiency.

We feel convinced that if this point give n more attention it would not only make competition work mor e interesting, but would also e liminate those bad blund.er s which crack t e ams hav e mad e before to-day a nd for wh ich they have been disqualified as was witnessed in the fin a l of last year's Inter-Railway Competitions when more than the teams failed to recognise that the patient was on a railway line and that an express was approaching. In an actual case, for a railway man to treat a case on the per· manent way when a train was approaching would be we ll nigh impossible.

As these competitions are looked upon With such increasing intere st we hope their promoters will make as realistic as possible while not distracting from theIr educational value.

A bulance competition held in connection with the Gala and Sports be held on I.lth J The comp etition for the 60·g umea Challenge ShIeld to all teams desirous to comp ete (fOllf a1 t) l.o ntry forms can be obtamed from r. pat len ..1.:1 • ld . k Hargre aves, 13, CoronatIOn ·street, Bamo SWIC •

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

No. Distrkt CO.'dMISSIONER :

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

-FIRST

AID. - April, 1921.

Grand !priory of the Order of the j(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in gnglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

Sf. John J\mbulanee Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. May, 1921.

Sunday, Ist.-No. 47 Division, L.B. & S.C.Ry., Willow Walk. " 8th.-N o.51 Croydon.

15th.-N O. 52 " Barclay Perkins. 22nd.-N o. 54 Brentford.

29 t h.- No 56 Cricldewood.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p m.

DIVISIONAL BOOKS AND ANNUAL RETURNS.

The attention of those officers and members in charge Divisional Books and Annual Returns have not yet been submItted to headquarters {or the year 1920, is again called to the fact that unless they are subn:itted an early date, their members stand the c hance of lOSIng theIr efhciency {or that year.

COMBINED DHILLS.

requests for a N.C.O.'s Drill Class, and therewIth It IS proposed to try again the combmed tWice month. Officers will be invited to assist.

I.t IS tbat the first and third Wednesda y, com111 l.he month of May, might be fixed, and the CommiSSIOner. v. ill be glad to hear from divisiGnal GffictTS and members In charge what supporrt their Divisi( ns can give.

ADDRESSES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS.

Officers and members in charge are requested to send to headquarters soon as possible, their telephone numbers, both for day and nIght, for in case of emergen cy.

(\ny chang Ing- hIS address should notify tr.e Commissioner of hIS new address as soon as poss!ble.

SPECIAL NOTICES.

Saturday, May 28 th march out.

Sunday, June 26th, Church Parade 10.30 a.tn. H dAbpout July 16th, Official Annual Inspection in y e ark, parade In Park at 3 p.m. charge are urged to re eat these speCial notice In theIr dlvlsl?nal orders, and urge tlFeir members to keep he dates free, 111 orders to give the utmost support these. functl.ons, are only held once a year. Further 111structlOns wIll be given later.

I NDUSTRIAL UNREST.

The Commissioner to thank members of all ranks who have responded so readIly to the call for dut in case of emergency due to the present state of industrial un;est.

(S igned) W. H WINNY, Comnzissione1'.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested whe d' Pa tt' f h '. n sen 111g newscu 111gs 0 t elr meetmgs, etc., to give the date of p bI' catIOn of the newspapers.-EDlTOR. u 1-

At short notice on Friday April 14th the N D" wa k d ff ,0. I Istnct s as e 0 sta speCial ambulance stations at Hyd P k and Regent's Park. A camp was formed and supplied a;ll

necessary equipment early as the Friday evening and wa s maintained night and day until the camp broke up on th e Monday morning. It was visited several times by the CO lDmissioner and the District Surgeoft The Headquarters mot o r ambulance was in attendance. The arrangements were ve ry and a. speCial telephone, bedsteads, heatin g and lightIng. ]\; ursIng SIsters were on duty in the daytim e Several cases including a fractured clavicle ",ere

THE ROYAL NI\VAL SICK BERTH RESERVE.-The me mbers of No. I District belonging to this Reserve were inspect ed on April 2nd, at the South Metropolitan Gas Works, Old Ke ntroad, S.E., 90 per cent. of the men on Parade had served in the Navy during the Great War and made a very smart an d creditable show.

The Inspecting Officer (Surgeon Commander Hill, R.N ?-ddressed the Parade at length on the subject of the new an d Improved conditions of Service and informed the N.C.O.'s a n d men that while almost every Branch of the Service had be e n reduced for the purposes of economy, the RN.A.S.B. Rese n e had been increased and given much better terms and consid eration. This was due to two factors :-

That no what the call had been, the St. Jo h n BrIgade had responded and had at no time di :,appOinted the Naval Authorities.

To the fine work of the men themselves during the tim e they were serving in His Majesty's Navy.

After the address, the Inspecting Officer invited questi0IJs and a large number of the men availed themselves of he opportunity. For fully 30 minutes Commander Hill was ke pt busy.

an. onlooker, could not help observing the courteo us way 111 whIch the questIOns wele put and the satishction evinced at the replies given.

The way in which the Surgeon Commander gave his repl ies that not only was he a master of the subject, but he was In earnest and had a wonderful confidence in the m en before him. He assured them finally that there was "N o I3luff" in the conditions as set forth, but they were a straig r' deal. After the Parade was dismissed, the men showed th at they were quite satisfied and contented, and shook hands wi tl old comrades and compared notes since the last time they h a -l been together.

The only glum members on the Parade Ground were la te members of the Military. Home Hospital Reserve, who li k e myself felt the difference In the two Sf'Tvices. There was n o inspection of the M.H.H.R. No cheery words from old co mrades, but we have simply been thrown on one side like OJ discarded garment. Ah! Well: The Navy are out to get th e men and they will get them.

(S hould any Bri<pde men desire to read the conditions Of Service with the R, they should apply through the ir officers to the ChIef Men desiring to join th e Reserve should lose no tltnf', as I unders tCi nd that two-thirds of the vacancies are now filled.

To men with War Service in the Sick Berth Service a n Bounty of £5, payable March and April each whIle to RecruIts a Bounty of £4 per annum is offered, besid e s other emoluments. -From a correspondent.

THE HOSPITALLER S CLUB.- The second annual dinn e r of the Club was held at the Abercorn Rooms, Great Eastern Hotel, London, on 9th of April, the chair being taken by th e W. R Ma?,nus Esq., an? those presen t were SIr James Cantlie, the CommISSIOner W. H. Winne y Esq, Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Lines, Messrs. H. Langley Jone s E. A. Perry, P. F. Serbright, C. Stratham, Hon. Treasurer G: T Cooper and Hon. Secretary L. Burton. That the club is gOIng to be a live institution in tl:.e No. I District was evdenced by the fact that 93 members and their friends wer e present and a most enjoyable evening was spent.

The toast of the Hospitallers' Club was proposed by S ir J Cantlie, a.nd in a humorous speech gave several reminIscences o.f hIS ambulance experiences, which dated fro m 1 878. He pam ted out that the club was a very necessary inst i-

April, 1921.

FIRST

tuti on to promote the social side of the district, and he was sure it would prove a great success.

Mr. N. Burton, in responding, gave a resume of the progr ess of the club, which since it inauguration last year had increased its membership, and he pointed out that there' wele several members of the district still" sitting on the fence" but he hoped they would soon join their ranks. '

The toast of the ,. Visi tors, " was proposed by the ' Hon. S ecretary and responded to by Mrs. P. Seabright and Mr. A. B Dale. The toast of "The President," was then proposed by Mr. Langley Jones

A very excellent musical programme was provided by the musi cal director, Capt. P. F. Seabright.

St. John Ambulance Brigade members in No. District will learn with real regret of the death of Dr. Emlyn Jones a ft er a short illness on April 7th, 1921, aged 38 years.

Dr. Emlyn Jones first became interested in Brigade work

AI D.- 147

wi t.h lectures th.ere. He started first aid lectures at Grays .m the formatIOn of the Grays Division (becomHon. DIVISIOnal Surgeon), Grays V .A.D. (of which he was and lately the Gr?-ys Nursing Division.Dunng the war he served m the R.A.M.C. retiring with the rank of Captain.:

I mmediately he left the Army bis old enthusiasm returned and he Centre of the Ess ex County Motor Ambulance SerVice, which has done valuable work in Grays and district.

He was an exam iner to the Association widely known throughout S.E. Essex. As a lecturer he was incisive outspoken and fearless, particularly in handling sanitat ion' and kindred subjects.

At Toynbee Hall, Grays and South end he was held in affectionate esteem by hundreds of Brigade and Association members and his death removes a brilliant teacher of ambulance.

There no doubt th.at he his strength by addIng to hiS heavy medical practIce so much work in the cause of ambulance.

He inspired the love of his Brigade comrades-members of the Grays Division assisting devotedly in nursing him to the last-and the gathering at the funeral at Grays testified to the general esteem ih which he was held

No. :2 District.

AVLESBURY.-On behalf of the funds of the Aylesbury Division a concert was give n in the Victoria Club Concert Room on March 8th, the Mayor (Ald erman J. Robi nson ) presiding. In an opening spe ech, his worship paid a tribute to the splendid work of the Ambulance Brigade, not only in Aylesbury, but throu g hout the country, and expressed the hope that the funds of the Aylesbury Division would benefit considerably as a result of that evening's concert.

No. 3 District.

LEICESTER.-Miss E. 1\1. Grimsley who has for some years acted as Secretary to the County Director of the St. John V.A.D. was married on March 16th to Mr. R. Wright Harrison of Cariboo, B.C.

1\1r. A. \"1. Faire, C.B.E., County Director, presided at a gathering last month, expressed the appreciation of Miss Grimsley s work, both before and durtng tbe war. She possessed great organising abilities, and was always present whens convoys of wounded arrived. Miss Grimsley acted as commandant for the Leicester Reserve Detachment, which dealt with general service members for in both home hospitals and hospitals abroad. They appreCIated her for her work and regretted she was leaving them. He had great pleasure in presenting her with an address and ch eque.

No. 5 District.

THE LATE DR. El\ILYN JONES.

while a student at the London Hospital and a resident of W adham House, E., conducting a small class of Toynbee Hall Div ision members in physiology. After receiving his medical qua lifications he became Honorary Surgeon to the Division, an d his first series of lectures on Sanitation rivetted the attention of his audience by his forceful and direct handling of the su bject.

Courses of lectures on other subjects followed, and later he was the regular lecturer on Association subjects to the Toynbee Hall Education Committee.

He was keen to promote individual knowledge among the members of the Division and presented a cup for annual co mpetition.

He went into medical practice in Grays about ten years ag o, but maintained his connection with Toynbee Hall and on th e establishing of a section of the Brigade at Southend helped

WOODHODSE.-On April 2nd a public meeting was held for the purpose of congratulating Mr. Arthur R.owbottom who has recently been apP,?inted Honorarx ServlDg of the Order in recognitIOn of hiS twenty-eIght years servIce to the Ambulance cause. .'

Assistant Commissioner H. C. Chambers In Mr. Rowbottom with the insignia of the .volced the congratulations of all and expressed apprecIa.tlOn of 100al Ambulance men at his promotion. to thIS ,well-mented honour. The ASSistant Commissioner brIe fly outlined the scope of the Order and appealed for more support in its noble efforts Mr. H. Hudson then presented Mr. R?wbottom WIth a wallet containing tteasury notes on behalf of hIs fellow workmen at Beighton Colliery. '

Mr. Rowbottom in respondIng said that he had more than repaid for his services in the honour .he had received, ar.d it gave him mych pleasure to know that hiS work had been so highlyappre laten.

BOSTON.-The Annual Brigade Dinner was held at the Headquarters of the above on Thursday, March and proved a very .h,ig:hly success.ful function. The chair was occupied by DIvIsio nal Superintendent Ge?rge A. Enderby, and he was supported by the County DlreLlor for South Lincs. ; A. D. Younghusband, Esq, C.S.I., C. B.E., The Councillor E. Richardson, G. W. Nuss ey, Esq., J.P., DIvIsional Surgeon Dr. C. W. Pilcher, M.B.E., Rev. A. M. M A , Councillor W. H. Lunn, M.B.E., and others. A most mteresting cer empny was performed by the chairman in presenting a wrist watch to Divisional Surgeon Dr. Pilcher on behalf of the Officers N.C.O 's and men of the Division as a token of of services in connection with the Division. The toasts were :-" The Ki ng and Royal Family," "The Fallen," " I mperial Forces," " The Medical and St. John Ambulance Brigade,"" The Hon. Subscnbers and Our Guests" " The Mayor."

The Mayor presented the Competition Shield and Gold Medal to Acting Officer G. Fox, and Silver Medal to Sergt. Hunt and made very appropriate remarks regarding the of efficiency maintained by the Division and the good work that was don e by it. First Aid Certifi cates, Association A wards, and Brigade Service Badges were also presented by the Mayor.

A good musical programme was provided by Temporary Officer T. Enderby, CpI. Redfern, Cpl. Munnings, and Councillor Lunn. A very pleasant evening was concluded by the signing of the Nationa l Anthem.

No.6 District.

The final competitions of the district were held at S underland on March 19th. In the preliminary c ounty contests, the following teams won the bronze shield s for their respective counties, namely: -Eas t Cleveland for the North and East Ridings of Yorkshire, Blackhall for Durham and St. Peters Works for Northumberland.

These teams competed for the District Silver Champion- • ship Shield, the judge bei ng Dr. Robert Anderson, of Gateshead. Out of a possible 345 marks, Blackhall won the Shield with 329 marks; East Cl eveland wer e second with 317 marks and St. Peter's Works third with 277 marks. The Blackhall team has therefore justifie d for enlry for the national competition, the D ew ar Shi eld, to be comp eted for in London in May.

In the competition for the F. W. Gibbon Bowl, with Dr. Pallett, of Newcastle, as judg e, Mid dlesbrou g h , representing Yorkshire, wer e first with marks; Percy Main, for Northumberland, second with ] 81 marks, thereby winning the district staffs cups as second prize, and Sunderland, for Durham, were third wit h I20 marks.

As no team representing Northumberland entered for the C. B. Palmer Bowl the competition being restricted to bona fide miners), only East Cleveland, for Yorkshire, and Blackhall, for Durham, were in opposition, Dr. Dougall, of Dunston, being the judge. The result was a win for Blackhall with 326 marks, and East Cl evela nd gained 317 marks

The competition showed the v ery hi g h standard of efficiciency of th e teams, and although there were different judges for each e v ent , th e total po ssibl e marks being 345 and the method of marking the same in each yet East Cleveland gained the same number of points in each competition entered and Blackhall a difference of th r ee only.

The Mayor of Sunderland (C ouncillor W Raine ) presented the trophies to the winners.

No. 8 District.

The Folkstone Nursing Divi sion were successful in winning the the Competition-open to all the S.J.A.B. NurslOg DIVISIons 10 East Kent-which was held at Canterbury on 24th F ebruary, out of 70 marks Folkestone scored the highest number, 58.

This is the fourth year Folkestone has held the cup the other years bein g 19121 19I3and I9I4.

fetters to. the &ditor.

We are in no fila, responsible /01' tke opinions expressed, 01' the statements made, b, Correspondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

TEACHING REAL FIRST AID.

DEAR SIR,

In your March issue there is a letter from Doctor L.M S.S.A., who is under the impression that my letter (in your February number) implied that" The lectures of medical men were neither interesting or instructive."

My letter must have been badly and carelessly worded to give such an idea, if the Doct?r (like your correspondents ) is not already fed up WIth my letters, wIll he please read again the words" Very instructive, " "Absoletely mter· esting, " "Intense regret at missing a lecture.

These expressions do not show a lack, on my part, of appreciation of the value of medical lectures, either from an educational or entertainin g point of view, but in the words of Longfellow-

"O'er and o er again

Repeated, like a burden of refrain

He caught the words »

The" words " in this case were"Not according- to Note IV. " A lecture, you will agree, can be quite as interesting and instructive with or without Note IV.. Lectures would be quit e interesting to me if there were no " Note " at all.

The Doctor remarks that I belon g to "The modern school of First-aiders " ; it is useless to deny that, as I am a St. John War-Baby. During my " Black Book" childhood I have been ( now is my chance to interest some of the War Baby Ribbons ) sometimes "indiscriminate," frequently "inexplicit," often "tactless," yet I cannot cry about lectures being dull or or useless.

Many, many hours have pleasantly passed listening to the voice of my medi cal fathers-my Brigade fosterfathers have also shown kindly forebearance to a wayward child by su c h paternal assistance and fatherly training, since the fateful days of August, I9I4. I have passed the followinl! exams ., which comprise a.complete set of St John courses ;-St. Tohn

First Aid, St. John Home Nursing, St. John Military Sanitat io n, St . John Hygiene, Medallion and other bars, hop :ng for a fifth in due course.

It has been my endeavour to attend yearly ( under a different instructor) a complete course of First Aid Lectures Durin g the last course of lectures I made and re-wrote thirty-two quarto pages of abbreviated notes.

These personal details are mentioned that Doctor L.M.S.S.A can be quite convinced that in my opinion the efforts of our doctors are certainly not wasted.

To attend lectures it has cost me pounds on travelling expenses alone, yet twice in my letter I for an add itional cours e of lectures on anatomy and phYSiology.

Should Doctor L.M.S.S . A. be conducting lectures in or near London it will be my great pleasure to attend at any day or any time.

If I have been critical of St John Lecturers not keeping to note 4, please bear in mind the words of DrydenLet those find fault whose wits so very small They ve need to show they can think at -Yours truly, T. W, H.

322 High-road, Ley ton. E. 10

A contemporary recommends for the kitchen bookshelf the handbooks issued by the St. John Ambulance Association. W e have often felt that every cook ought to be able to render first aid to the people she cooks (or. -From Punch,

TlIE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

MARCH, 1921.

The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Plymouth, Sub-Prior, acting on b ehalf of the Grand Prior, has sanctioned the following ap pointments :-

Hugh Hedley Vicars Miller to be Acting Assistant Commi ssioner for the County of Devonshire, with effect from 18.3. 21

Sir George Lenthall Cheatle, K.C.B., C.V.D., F.R C.S., to be Acting Assistant Commiss ioner for the South Eastern and Cha tham Railway District, with effect from 18.3. 21

The Chie f Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug a ppointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;Ambulance Officer Charles Hanmer (late Goldthorpe Division) to be District Officer for Propaganda \iVork, attached to Brigade Headquarters, 1.4. 21

No I DISTRICT ( PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS)

No. 16i (N ew Cross ) Division. - Charles Hopton, Esq., to be Honorary Vice-President, ]9.}2 I

No. 49 (Erith ) Division.-Corporal John Saunderc:; to be Ambulance Officer, 19.3. 21

Pte. Sydney Juleff to be Ambulance Officer, 20 3. 21

No. 29 (Walthamstow) Divis ion.-Pte. Arthur Bertram Ch arles Dyer to be Ambulance Officer, 19.3. 21

No. 38 (Vic toria Division).-Bernard W. McKmny, M.B., Ch.B., B.A O., to be Divisional Surgeon, 1.3. 21

No. 55 ( West Middlesex) Division. - Charles William S eccombe, M.R.e.S., L.R .C.P ., to be Divisional S urgeon, 30 }21

NO.2 DI STR ICT.

Assistant Commissioner F. Sprawson (Som erset ) and Major

P. G. Darvil-Smith (B uck s. ) to act also as Assistant Commissioner for the COllnties of Wiltshire and Oxfordshire respectively, 22.3.2 [

Southampton Corps (Cal more Nursing

Ambulance Officer Eliza Anne Everett to be Lady DIVISIonal Supt 15.3. 21

Cheltenham Corps (C heltenham Nursing Division ).-Lady

Ambulance Officer Dorothy Brace Faber to be Lady Divisional Supt., 11.3.21

Lady Divisional Surgeon and S.upt. Dr. Stuart

Bi lling resigns the SuperintendentshIp of the DIVlSlOn, but remains Divisional Surgeon, 22.3 21 City of Bristol Corps (Clifton Division ) - Divisional Supt.

S. Maynard transferred to the Brigade Reserve as from March, 19 1 9 Slough (G. W.R .) Division.- Divisional Surgeon E. Weaver-Adams, F.R.C.S., D.P.H., to be Actmg Divisional Surgeon, 15.3.2 I Sergeant Clifford James S. W. Judd to be Divisional Supt., 15.3.21

NO.3 DISTRICT

N.E. Warwickshire Corps ( Three Spires Division ). -Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. E. Longbotton reverts to the rank of Ambulance Sister at own request, I.4·2I

Ambulance Sister Miss M. Edgar to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 19.3.21

Lady Ambulance Offic er Mrs. S. Tipler to be Lady Divisional Supt., I9·3·2J

N.E. Warwickshire Co rps (City of Coventry DlVlSlO n ).-

Pte. Matter son Bethell to be Ambulance Officer, 23.3. 21

Birmingham Corps (B earwood Division).-Sergeant Henry Edward Cotton to be AmbUlance Officer, 17. 2 21

Birmingham Corps (Curzon Street, DIVISIon).

Pte. J oho Edward Matthews to be Officer, 24.3. 21

Leicester Corps (D e Montfort DlVlSlOn). -Sergeant Harry Leonard Tucker to be Ambulance Officer, 17.3. 21

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Oldham Nursing Division.-Ambuhmce Sister Amy Wilkinson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, !.}21

Birkenhead Corps. - Joseph PhceOlx to be Corps Officer, 17.3. 21 .' )

Birkenhead Corp s (Blrkenh e ad Nur.smg DlVISlon.Ambulance Sister Miss Margaret Martm to be Lady A mbulance Officer, 93. 21 .'

Bi rkenhead Corps (Hamilton MemOrial Nursmg D.lv.ls.lOn). -Ribton G. Blair, B.A., M.B., Ch.B., B.A.O., to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon, 17.3. 21 )

Birkenhead C orps ( Blrkenhe ad Y.M.C A. DlVISlon.John Grimshaw, M.D., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.3. 21 James Cotter to b e Divisional Supt., 9 3. 21

Warrington Corps.-M. R. Proudloe-k, Esq., to be Honorary Vice-President, 10.3. 21

Warrington Corps (Headquarters D lv.ls lOn ) -\VIlllam Hugh Clifford Patrick, M.B., Ch.B., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 17.3. 21 G Winsford Divlslon.-Dlvlslonal Supt. A. rants transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 28.3. 21 D Robert Hunter Dean, M B., Ch.B., D.P.,R., to be IVIsional Surgeon 23.3.2 I, vic e Dr. Woodyatt reSigned. Pte. Albe;t Perry to be Supt., 21.}21 Le ig h Nursing Division.-Lady DIVISional Supt., Mrs. J. Clare transferred to the Brigade Reserve, Tyldesley N ur sing Division.-Lady DIVISIonal Supt., Mrs. E Grinham resigned, 18 3 21

Fleetwood Corps.-Curps Supt.. E. F. Tasker transferred to the Brigad e Reserve, 23.3. 21

Lancaster Nursing Dlvision.-Lady Ambulance Officer A L. N esb itt transferred to the Brig.ade Reserve, 3°.3 21 Millom Div ision.-Capt. WIlliam Donald Barrett to be Honorary PreSident, 11.3. 2 [ Haslingden Corps.-Staff Sergt. Samuel Coulton to be Cor ps Sergt.-Major, 1.4. 21 Offi Staff Sergt. William Greenwood to be Ambulance cer,

1 Corps (Headquart ers Division ).-Sergt. ThOD,as Bracewell to be Ambulance Officer, 23.3. 21 I Offi Stockport Nursing Ambu ance cer Florence Leigh to be Lady DIVISional Sl:Ipt., 17:3?! L d Liverpool Corps (Liv erpool Nursmg DIVISIO n ).- a Y D · 1St F L Hewitson transferred from the Aber- IVlSlOna up. cromby Nursing Division, 5-4-21

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Leeds Corps. --Pte. Henry Oswald Eaton to be Corps Officer, 23.3. 21 D' ., I S eon Cleethorpes and Distnct .lv.IS.lOna urg and Supt. Major W resIgns DIVISIOnal Superintendentship but remams DlvlSlOnal-Surgeon 18.3. 21 d D' b Derby Division. - Divisional Surgeon I Slg Y K · L R C P L ReS L. M. to be Dlvlslona upt., Insey, ." , .' d 17. 2 21 vice Supt. E. N. Wood reslg ne

- FIRST AID & TRE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- April 1921.

Shipley and District Corps.-Sergt. Alfred Beaumont (0 be Corps Sergt.-Major, 24.321

Reserve ( Derby Nursing Division).·- Lady

DIvIsIonal Supt. Mrs. C. N. S. Smiley transferred to the NO.4 I?istrict, 23.3.21

Long Eaton DIVIsIon. - Frederick 'W illlam Bloomer

M. R.C.S., L S.A to be Divisional Surg eon, 7.3.2 I

Pte. George Bird to be Divisional Supt., 7.3.21

Pte. Erne.st.l?urton to be Ambulance Officer, 7.3.21

Belper Dlvlslon.-George Alexander Frederick Heyworth, M.R.C.S L.R.C.P:, M.B, B.C. to be Divisional Surgeon, J 1.3.21, vIce Dr. Bnttram Gill left the district

Ireland Colliery Division.- j0hn Hunter to be DIVISIonal Supt., 7.3.2I

Broadsworth Main Nursing Division.- Joseph Graham

M.B., Ch. B. to be. DiviSIonal Supt., 16.3.2

Ambulance SIster Mrs. Pickering, M.B.E., A.R.R.C. to be Lady Divisional Supt., 16.3.21

Ambulance Sister Mrs. M. E. Young, Lady Ambulance Officer, 16 ].:! I

Ambulance Sister M rs. L. D. Wright to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17.3.21

Leek Division .- Corpl. Samuel Godwin to be Divisional

Su pt., 9.321

James Jarvis to Am bulance Officer, 9.3 21

<:orps (B nghouse N ursing Division ).-Ambu-

lance SIster ElIza Badey to be Lady Ambulance Officer

14.3. 21 and District Corps ( Dewsbury and District Nursmg Dlvlslon).-Ambulance Sister Miss Elizabeth Lee to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23.3.21

Ambulance Sister Margaret Gwendoline Ingram to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23.3. 21

Ossett Division -Ambulance Officer Fred Smith resigned

5·4·21

J?erby Nursing Di vision -Mrs. Sara Cooke Rowan to be NurSIng Officer, 22.3.21

Division.-Mrs. Jane Anne Green to be Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt., 15.3.21, vice Miss Jackson resigned

15.3. 21

Lincoln Corps (Li ncoln Nursing Division ).-M rs. Henrietta Lambert to be Lady Divisional Supt., 9.3-2

NO.6 DJSTRICT.

Commissioner R. Anderson, M. D., transferred to the BrIgade Reserve, 17.2.21

District Officer E. S. Wood transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 17.2.21

Shotton Colliery. Dlvision.- Divisional Supt. W. H. Brewer to the Brigade Reserve, J7.3 2 J

AslIngton Corps (Pri estman Nursing DivislOn).-Lady DIVISIonal Supt. Miss J. Galloway A R R C transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 17.3 21 ,. West Hartlepool Nursing Division. - Wallace M C I to be Divisional Surgeon, I9 2.II vice Dr sn WIck resIgned. . wan

Hough.ton-le-Spring Division - Ambulance Sister M Emily Robinson to be Lady Officer, 30.3.21 rs.

.Gateshead Saltwell NurSing Division.-Ambulance Sister

JessIe Helena Graham to be Nursing Officer "03 21

Sunderland Nursing Wo d d

Ch.B., to be Dtvisional Surgeon , 30.3. 2 1 vice "Dr resIgned. ' 0 In Newcastle-on-Tyne Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon R H. Laverick transferred to· the N ewcastIe CI'ty Division.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Divisional Supt. Thomas Potts to be District Offi f Kent, 21.3.21 cer or

Canterbury Division.-Divisional Supt. W. A K SIgned, 1.4. 21 mg re-

Guildford Corps (G uildford Division) -Pt F A to be Ambulance Officer, 3-4- 2 1 . e. . . Wood

Strood. and Rochester Nursing Division -Lad S M Ireland resIgned, 5-4. 21 y upt. rs.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

!1ugh Hedley Vicars Miller to be Acting Assistant CommISSIoner for the County of Devonshire, 18.321

Exeter City Division.- Divisional Surgeon J. P. Gray reSIgned, 18.3.21

Plymouth Corps.-Corps Supt. H. W. Webber transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.4.20

Borough of Plymouth Corps.-Corpl. George Arthur Pike to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 17.3.21

Torquay Division.-Major Robert P. Kitson to be Honorary President, 25.3.21

Division.-Theodore n. Broadway, Esq , to be Honorary PreSIdent, [5.3.21

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps .- Divisional Supt. Capt. Frederick Henry Gooderman to be Corps Supt., 2-4-21

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Kingstown Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Florence

l\1ary Carroll to be Lady Ambulance Officer 21. ".2 I

Grafton Nursing Division.-Am SIster Florence Kennedy to be Lady Divisional Supt., 1.3.21, vice Mrs. Smalley transferred to St. Stephen'S Green Nursing Division

I.1.21

City of Dublin Nursing Division.-Ambulan ce Sister Miss Agnes Gray to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 21.3 21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Surgeon Sir Ge?rge Lenthall Cheatle, K.C. B.,

C.V.O., f. R.C.S., to be Actmg ASSIstant Commissioner [8.3 21 '

Deal and Walmer Division. - Frank Mainwaring Hughes

M.D, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 22.3 21 ' Pte. Stephen Francis Marsh to be Ambulance Officer, 22.3. 21

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : NO.4 DISTRICT.

Chester Division. -Sanctioned 16.3.2 J

Chester Hursing Division.-Sanct-ioned 16.".21 North West Manchester Division.-Sanctio..)ned 5-4-21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Brodswo.rth Main Nursing Division. -Sanctioned 16.3.21 Lmdsey District Division re-named Scunthorpe and Frodmgham DIVISIon, 18.3. 21

1"J O. 6 DISTRICT.

Mid Durham Corps.-Sanctioned 2.4.21

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Sandgate Division.-Disbanded 5.4. 21

Strood and Rochester Nursing Division.- Disbanded 5.4. 21

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Plymouth Corps (formed 16 2.IO).-Disbanded 18.3. 21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. Deal and Warmer Division.-Sanctioned 22.3 21

DEATHS.

Ambulance Officer S. Holden, Sunderland Eastern DivisIon (6).--R eported 14.3.21

Miss Beevers, Hull Y. W.C.A.N. Division (6).-Repor ted 23.3- 21

Ambulance Oeicer E. Thomas, No. 80 (Stoke Newington ) DIVISIon ( J).-R eported 30.3.21

JAMES R ANDREW (Colonel), ChIef Commissioner.

April, 19 21 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE -

Th e Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Cle rken well, London, E.C., 30th Ma rclz , I9 2I

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the foll owing promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory or th e Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in En gl and'-

As Knights of Grace:

Sir Frederick Moneypenny, C.B.E., M.V.O.

The Hon. Sir Charles Russell, Bt.,_K.r..V.O.

As Lady of Grace:

Henrietta Caroline, Lady Henderson, D. B.E.

As Esquires :

Evan Roberts, Junr., M.B.E. ( from Honorary Associate )

Alexander Thomas Scott, M.B.E., M.RC.S. (from 'Honorar y Associate).

Lieut.-Colonel James Lewis Sleeman, C.B.E:, M.V.O.

As Honorary Servin ![ Brothers:

Erne5t William King.

John Hasledine Adkinson.

Ayliffe St. John Burroughs.

Arthur Nunneley Waterman.

Lieut.-Colonel Edward Jennings, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., Z.M .C.

As Honorary Serving Sister:

Ethel Gordon, Miss Rogers.

As Honorary Associates :

Major Raymond Wodehouse Fox.

Captain James Gunn McLannahan, L.R.C.P.1.: L.R.C S.l, A.M.C. (T.F.).

Arthur Ernest Larking, M.D., D.P.H.

David Roger Moir, M.B.

Plymouth Ambulance Service.

P EFE RENCE was made in last month's issue to the newlyfo r med Plymouth Centre of the St. John Ambulance Associatio n. The following record of cases attended to on one day ,vl ll be of interest to readers.

I. First aid and transport for a workman with severe eye mju ry sustained at a ship-breaking yard.

2. A policeman treated for an injured knee.

3. Motor ambulance summoned to Millbay Pier for invalid re moval.

4. First aid and transport-very severe h x morrhage follo wing teeth extraction.

5. First aid and transport for a shipbreaker, a large bar of <;t eel having fallen across his back.

6. Stretcher party embarked to R. M.S. Saxonia to remove '" pati ent ashore with acute rheumatic fever.

7. Invalid removal-appendicitis case.

8.-Invalid removal--case from hospital, bed required for more case.

9. First aid and transport to Albert Hospitals treet accident.

10. Invalid removal to Stonehouse Workhouse Infirmary decay.

11. Fire alarm-fire at motor garage- r man' injured.

12. Invalid removal for War Pensions Committee to Devon HOO1repathic Hospital.

13. I nvalid removal to infirmary.

14. Removal of urgent operation case to Royal Albert Hospltal.

IS. Public duty performed by ambulance men and nurses at a large pageant in the Plymouth Town Hall (ro cases).

16. Invalid removal to a doctor for injection of special serum, and return journey to patient's home one hour later.

17. Invalid removal-nurSIng home to a general.hospital.

18. Removal of a lunatic to the Devonport Infirmary Mental Ward.

19. Invalid removal to an X-Ra y specialist for treatment

20. First aid and transport from a butcher 's shop of a boy with his forearm destroyed.

Details ;-

A boy while attending a power-driven mincing machine accidentally caught the tIpS of his fingers, and before his plIght was realIsed and the machinery stopped, his hand and forearm were absolutely pulped, it beIng impossible for those on the spot to release him he ",as so entangled in the machine.

The motor ambulaoce was immediately summoned, and the men in charge were soon rendering "first aid" and supportlDg the boy in the most comfortable possible.

In view of the apparent im possibIlity of the patient, the ambulance men (also traIned in nursing) made preparations for an amputation, and sumrr oned one of the Corps Surgeons, who IS one of the most eminent operating surgeons in the West, also " n an ae thetlst- both medical men very promptly to tht Lal\.

The patIent was soon anae,thetised, then (ne or the ambuance workers, who is by trade a highly skilled tong neer, succeeded in dismantling the machine, and the under surgical superv ision was successfully freed.

The loss of blood was practically nil, and in the subsequent operation at the South Devon Hospital it was found possible to save the arm above the elbow ; patient progressing favourably ----. --.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING March eighteen V.A.D. nursing members were posted to Ministry of Pensions (IS) and Naval (3) hospitals Applications by ex-Service women for free passages in connection with the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women number 1,008

The General Service Department has been informed by the War Office that the G S. V.A:D. members at present serving will be invited to renew then contracts as from the 30th April, 1921, until the 3.1St Marc.h, 19 22 or until their services are no longer reqUIred, whIchever shall happen first. It is not anticipated that any further members will be enrolled, and, as stated above, this decision only relates to members already employed.

The Welfare Department have been occupied since the closing of Beech Grove in obtaining accommodation, convale,cent and otherwise, for those V.A.Ds. still in need of treatment. Although they have been successful in finding several excellent plaCeS to send their it will be readily understood that the better the mSItutlOn the greater is the pressure on the beds, and therefore members in need of immediate treatment are unfortunately too often kept waiting longer than is desirable. This is especially the case with t? Convalescent Home1', and it is most earnestly to be WIshed that arrangements may be made b)' the. Joint N ursing and V A.D Services Committee of the U OIted ServIces Fund to establish the proposed Convalescent Home and of Rest where the beds will be entirely reserved for tramed nurses and V.A.D. members. "He who gives quickly gives

April, 19

2

153

- FIRST AID THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

April, 192 I. twice." The need is urgent, and it is greatly to be hoped that the Committee will proc ee d with their arrangements with all possible spe t d.

Th e account for damage s to furnitur e , etc , for the 12 months' occupation of B e ech Grove has just come to hand and amounts to the sum of £ 17 18 5. This very low figure could only have been the result of the great car e which the Commandant and staff took of the furniture and fabric. They deserve every congratulation on the result of their efforts.

We regret to announce the death of Mrs. Lilian Richardson Gawthorn, Bucks, 8 on the 21st March, of Tuberculosis, at Davos Pl a t z She had served as a V.A.D. Nursing mem ber. in France fom 19 T5 to 19 £7, gaining two scarl Et efficiency stripes.

Miss Edith Mary Ad e laide Elliott, Kent 106, died during the month. She had served as a General Service V.A.D. mem b er at Fort Pitt, Chatham.

After a long illness, contracted through military servic e, Miss Helen Frances Tough, Kerry 4, died on the 24th March. This lady served as a General Service V A D. m e mber from 191 8 to 1920.

So many enquir e s have been received as to the wearing of t he insignia of various decorations which have been awarded in connection with the wa.r that we think it might be use ful to publish the following hints. Members requiring full information on this subject will find "Dress and Insignia worn at C o urt ," by Mr. T. H. Trendell chief clerk Cer e monial D epartment, St. James's Palace,' invaluable: This book will be publ;shed shortly at one guinea. Copies can be obtained direct from him or ordered from any bookseller.

Mem bers of the various Orders and all thos e p e rsons who have awarded decorations and medals may, should th ey WIsh to do so, wear their insignia, decorations and medals with morning dress on official occasions and at publi c functions.

In indoor uniform, decorations and medals are wurn on offici al occasions and at public functions when orders are issue d accordingly. In such cases above rules should be carri e d out.

The ribbons of the Orders, decorations and may be worn on all occasions at the discretion of the holde r.

The method of wearing them which will be the same in all cases, is as follows :-

A pi ece of the medal ribbon, half an inch in depth, mounted on a b a r of metal in the form of a brooch to be worn on the left side of the dress. Members more than one m edal should we:::..r the ribbons in order of on brooch, as for e xample, the Order of the EmpIre, Royal R e d Cross, the I(F4- 1 5 Stars, Bntlsh War and Vlctory Medals.

Ribbons of Orders, decorations and medals only should be worn on th e outdoor coat and skirt uniform. Ribbons '3hould not be worn on th e g reat coat.

In e ven.ing d.re.ss, ladies may wear Orders, decorations and Medals 10 mLOlature on occasions when Insignia are worn but when wear levee or full dress, ladies should wear full sI ze Orders, d ecorations and medals.

very successful R e -Union Dinner of No. 14 General HospItal, B.E.F. (Wimereux) was held on March 16th at the Ladies' 28, Cavendish-square.

Lleut.-General SIr John Goodwin, D G.A.M.S, a Commandmg Officer of the Hospital, was in the chaIr and proposed the only Toast" Absent Friends."

Apologies for absence were read from Colon el R. J C, Thompson, Major Colin Mackenzie, and others, and a message was sent from the Re- Union to Miss Fox, Matr on during the greater part of the Hospital's existence, who is new abroad.

Among those present at the large gathering were : _ Miss Barrett, R R.C, Miss Morris RRC, and other form er Nursing Sisters; Lady Elizabeth Keppel, RR.C , the H o n Ursula Lawley, RR.C., Miss Sloggett, R.R.C, and ma ny other former V.A.D. Nursing Members; Lord Dawson of Penn, Colonel A. Webb-Johnson, Colonel Francis Stewa rd, Major. Hugh Thursfield, Sir JOSE-ph Skevingto n, Captam Ridley MackenZie, and other former Medi c al Officers.

'oints.

Tht .Editor invite s Notes on actual Cases-with spe cia l refe r en ce to /{ood and bad coints i n Treatment-jor in clusion n this Column

DEATH FRO M CO ..rCEAL ED H LEM ORR HAGE. A colliery repairer, previously in good healt h who had five min:.!tes earlier been seen actively engaged work, was foun.d unconscious bes ide a truck of pit props wh iC h he was unloadmg alone. When I reached him, he was excee dingly and breathing deeply in cur ious sighing fashio n RecogniSing the case as one of concealed bleedIng, I covere d the man up as warmly as I could and sent an ur gent messa ge for assistance; but within three minutes the man was de a d At the inquest it was established that death was due ) of an otherwise healthy aorta; and it was that thIS was the result of a heavy blow received in the ch es over the aorta and caused by one of the pit props slipping or" the truck.-B. C., Durham.

We stated in our last issue that in view of the h ig h cost of uniforms arrangem e nts have been mad :3 by the S t. John Ambulance Association whereby dyed khaki tun ir and (practically new) and of regUlation patte m can be obtam.ed for /., 1 12S. 6d. for the two garments, wi t h badges. ThIS should be £ [ 12S. 6d. without badges.

3' e

The ursing of the S1. John Ambulan ce Brigade tIed WIth AbertLllery Nursing Division for t he second prize in Easter Eisteddfod held at Pontypoo l. The. team. conSIsted of Mrs. Chappell (captain) an d NurSIng SIsters Read, Chart and C. Trac e y. Miss W won first prize for the ambulance essay, "W hy filst aId should be taught in elementary schools."

WOMB WELL HO SPITAL ambulan ce competition, sports and gala will be held at Wormwell o n J 1 !th, 19 2 1. A valuable shield and suitable pri ze s wLlI c?mpeted for by the teams and individuals (op en ) ApphcatlOns to be made, after May ISt, enclosing stamp ed addressed envelope, for entry forms and particulars to of Competition, David Foers, 39, Hough-l'an e, Wombwell, near Barnsley.

WE ha d hoped this month to publish the marking sheets of all th e principal Railway Competitions, but owing to the length of these tests we have been compelled to hold over some o f thes e which we hope to include in our next issue

Two prople were killed in street accid.ents in London, nearly every day last year and about 5 I injured.

There were 2 1,660 accidents altogether, in which 65 1 people were killed and 21,003 injured. In the preceding year there were only I9, 226 accidents.

F a ta l. N on -Fatal. Horse-drawn vehicles 73 Omnibuses 82 I,6 74 Tramcars 4 I 2,48 6 Other mechanical vehicles 443 10,1 9 3 Pedal cycles 18 3, 8 8 7

Kingdom

57, 747 people were killed or injured by accidents during th e year.

The provincial town with the worst record is Liverpool.

We understand, says the Tim es of April 1St, that th e Right Hon. Evelyn C e cil M .P.) is about to retire from th e office of Secretary-General of the Order of St. John o f Jerusalem.

is in

teresting to note that Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher judged no less than four Final Competitions in one week. This, we belie ve, constitutes a record.

Ow ing to lack of funds, the Newcastle Corps of the Brigade have found it necessary to suspend the Motor Am bu lance Service after March 3 [st. During 1920 over 1,900 cases were dealt with, the total mileage being over 18.000 miles.

E fforts are being made to re-establish the service on a soun de r and more satisfactory basis, and it is hoped that before long the Service may be re-commenced as part of the wo rk of the" St. John " Organisation in Newcastle.

It is a great pity that the people of Newcastle have not given to support such a useful service in a large indus trial city like N ewcastIe.

The announcem e nt of Mr. Cecil's resignation of th e ch ief executive office in the Order of St. John will b e received with deep and genuin e regr et by all who have ha d opportunity of judging the valu e of his work for th at organisation. It was in December, 19 15 , that the Duke of Connaught, as Grand Prior, appointed Mr. Cecil Secretary Genera l of the Order. From then onwards he has devoted himself with great assiduity to the duties of his offi ce attending almost daily at the historic headquarters In S t. John's Gate. It is mainly due to him that the work of th e Order has been largely reorganised and consolidated. I n addition to his labours at St. John s Gate, Mr. Evelyn Cecil for the past five years has been an active member of the Joint War Committee of the British Red Cross Societ y and the Order of St. John, and since April. 1919. has been its Vice-Chairman. He has served since the same date on the Joint War Finance Committee, and is Vic e- Chairman of the new Joint Council, which exists to further common action in the peace work of th e se two organisations. Few men have rendered more useful or more unostentatious service to the victims of war, and his re&ignation, due to the pressure of his other public duties, will be keenly felt by all who have been ' associated with him.

***

Details have been published in the Daily Press of the workers at the Radium Institute who have died. Tireless research has been made and a system of protection insti tuted which, it is claimed, counteracts the ill-effects. The nurses carry the radium in heavy lead-lined boxes.

-FIRST

he would always be ready to do everything in his power to uphold standard of efficiency which had already been attamed, and to assist the members of the Centre in their efforts to further develop the interest in First Aid amongst the Company's staff.

On the proposition of .Y1r. Marriott a hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. Wickham for presiding, and to Mrs. Wickham for presenting the prizes.

Mr. Irwin in proposing a vote of thanks to the Judges said they were greatly indebted to the members of the Med.ical for the services they gave in the matter of FIrst.AId lectures and in judging Competitions. Captain Cran suitably responded.

The North Docks team as holders of the Directors' Challenge Shield will represent the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in the Inter·Railway Competition.

TEAM TEST.

Card 1.-The team have iust left a case at a Cottage Hospital, and after proceeding about three hundred yards they hear c:llls for h.elp from the railway which lies alongside the road. They climb the and des.cend a slope to the line, and find patient In the SIx-foot way, having fallen from a traIn. The patient's left foot is twisted outwards. There is severe ble edi.ng from the right armpit, and symptoms are present whIch Indicate a fracture of the scapula.

Treatment.

General.

Enquiries whether is simple or compound (simpl e )

" re further InjUrIes (none )

" re cause of accident

" re stopping of traffic ( signal box in sight )

Encouraging words to patient

H rc morrhage from axilla.

Immediate digital pressure on subclavian

Digital pressure on axillary

Bare the neck

Bare upper part of chest

Shoulder depressed

Head inclined towards injured side

Left hand used '"

Correctness of pressure

Exam!ne for foreign body ( none )

Dressmg...

Pad

Narrow bandage round shoulder:::

Bandage to side ( later)

Fracture of scapula.

Steady and support fracture

Broad bandage round shoulder

St. John Sling

Fracture of leg.

Steady and support

Straighten with great Cd.! e

Splints (two) '"

Bandages (fiv e )

Shock Stretcher work.

Loading stretcher '" 10

C<lrd 2.-Are you fully aware you are carry;ng pat :ent uphIll?

Card 3·-Why are you carrying him foremost ?

General rule '"

Because of h ccmorrhage head low

Because of injury to lower limb

Fence.

Under fence Method

en route

AID. - April, 1921.

INDIVIDUAL TESTS

o. I. --:- What would adopt for e ach of followmg :-Strychnme, phosph o rus, prussic acid?

Strvchnme-

Emetic -if patient can swallow

Artificial respiration

PhosphorusEmetic

Milk

Raw eggs, etc.

Cream and flour

Tea

Demulcent drinks

Do not give oil

Prussic acid-

Alcoholic stimulants if patient can swallow

Artificial respiration '"

Cold water head and sp ine c ont inuously

Treat shoch (details)

Trea t colla yse (details )

Extra marks

No. 2.-This patient has injured his left lower limb. He com plai ns of pain and being unable to use it. There is a shorten 109 and the foot is lying on its outer side. Treat him (A bystander with no knowledge of first aid will be allowed).

Extension

Instructions to bystander

Splint (o uter )

Splint (in ner )

does the foot fall to its outer side ? Do all the artenes contain pure blood ? \iVhich do not ? Why does the foot fall to the outer side ?

Do all the arteries contain pure blood ?

3 and 4·-You find this patient ly ng in a backstreet. There IS nobody. else abc-ut. A doctor lives about 200 yards away. The patlen! is quite and he tells you he has A knife, which he had 10 hiS hand, has cut his left knee

Jomt He has also cut his head, and there is profuse bleed 109 from both wounds. Treat him.

Prompt attention to both wounds s

Encouraging words No movement

Examination of wounds-

injury

Knee injury

(J u.d.ge will answer q uestions appropriately, and will the position of wounds, and arterial from both)

Call for help .'

\Judge-None )

Head injury-

Digital pressure below wound

Testing efficacy (B leeding not arrested )

Pressure on left carotid

Careful not pressing windpipe ( Bleeding much reduced).

Knee iniuryDigital pressure on left femoral Testing efficacy (B leeding arrested ).

Resourcefulness-

If one man does both, or patient shown how to maintainpressUJ e If done st raig ht away Testing efficacy '" pra c lic t1Jy stopped).

extra Tourniquet Bandages

1. FIRST

2

Securi ng twistin g stick

M aintaini ng digital pressure 3

Testing efficacy of tourniquet ( Bleeding from knee arrestlcl by tOUI nique-t)

Cov ering WOUTld promptly

If until later vnly

Ba ndag es 2

I mp rovised dressing on head 2

Ma king sure there ,s no depressed fracture 2

P ad s 2

T ig ht bandage . .. .... 2

Ma intai ning pressu re on carotid 2

Rd easing pressure and efficacy 2 ( Bleeding arrested )

Cov eriug patient 2

Me ssage to doctor (exp lanat ion to Judge ) 3

If d octor is out (explanation to Judge ) 2

Na me and address of patient 1

Wa tching for re curr en c e of bleeding 3

E xt ra marks for resourcefulness and thoughfulness 5

No. 5.-This man has fractured his left clavicle. Treat hIm he mov e coat 2

Sup port... .....: 3

Y-e vent anything press!ng on fracture 2

E aminati on 2

En quiry as to nature of fracture 3

Pad in axilla 2 St. Joh n sling 3

L tb ow well kept back 3

)dy bandage 3

Elb ow not pulled forward 2

Ne atness , 4 Why is the elb ow kept well back In the case yuu have t,e ated? How would you digital pressure for arterial ble eding from the sole of the left foot? What precautions m Id you take in applying d;gital pressure to the right t m poral artery?

\Vh y is the elbow kept well back? 3

Ho w would you apply digital pressure for arterial bleeding from a wound in the sale of the left foot?

W hat pre cautio ns would you take in applyi ng d igi tal pressure to the right temporal artery? 3

GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY.

The Final Competitions were held at the G. E R. he chanics Institute on April 5th when 7 teams competed f )[ the Challenge Cup and other pr;z -:: s, and to decide the L"a m to represent the Company in the Inte r-Railway Con· tes t. Dr. N Corbet Fletcher took the Stretcher, and Dr. R. Connon Robertson judged the individual work. This ye ar 28 teams competed in th e Preliminary rounds as ag ai nst 17 in last years' contest, and the work done by the te ams in the Fmal was of a very high standard.

After the Comp etitio n a Concert and the Distribution c f Pr izes took place at the Stratford Town Hall, when Mr. A. W. Maconochie took the chair, being supported by the M ayo r of West Ham and a largt' number of officials of the R ailw ay Company.

Mr. T. O. Mein, the Hon. Secretary uf the Centre, an nounced the results as follows :-

Parkeston Kings Lynn Liverpool Str eet Stratford Works Cambridge Ipswich Lowestoft

Al D.-

Fletcher, wg,s won by E. V. Egltnton, No. 1 III the Kings Lynn team.

Mrs. Maconochie then presenttd the prizes, and following the votes of thanks and excell e nt concert, was enjoyed by 1he large numb er of people present.

STRETCHER TEST.

Card I.-Handed to team at door of competit ion roum. You are walking through a district on the of London, and are now practically in the country. You see a la?'ge factory, the ba c k of which is protected by a 8 ft. brick wall, on which a man is standing. You also see a hou se witlt a verandah, on which the factory manager and his wife are resting after dinner. The only other house in the neighbourhood is a police station (situated 50 yards away, down a very narrow country lane ) where a stretcher and haversack were stored for use during the air raids. A thunderstorm i s threatening.

Card 2.-Handed to team 2 minutes later.

As you pass the factory, an alarm of fire is given. The factory bursts into flames. The manager and his wife dash out, leaving the house empty, but wIth doors locked and windows fastened. I mmediately afterwards an explosion occurs, the m:in on the wall falls to the ground, and the factory wall begins to totter. As -he passes, the manager warns you that the wall will collapse in two minutes, and asks you to attend to the injured man. There are no bystanders. Act as you should.

N B. -The Judge will only answ er questions as to w hat you might hear, see, feel, smell or taste.

Card 3.-Placed on patient who at outset is hidden by screen.

The man is lying on the ground with both feet tilted outwards. He is groanIng and complains of grea t pain i n the middle of both legs, which he cannot raise from the ground. As you reach hi m, you note over his right eyebrow a l arg e i ndsed wound from which blood is flowing briskly. He IS now tryinl?' to sit 'up and is watching the wall with p,dpable anxiety.

Note for J udg e.

Canvas screen on rockers represent H-ft. wall beltin dw lticlz small ladder is hidden If walt falls on patient, death results. Stretcher plainly marked with chalk lines labelled Torn Stretcher." If stretcher" tested," Judge IntImates teaTing of canvas; if loaded with patient, then after 3 p aces lIwrclt Judge indicates fall of patient with consequent fracture of skull ( penalty S3 per cent. of marks ) breaks I S mInutes after accident (receipt of Card z ) If patient still on spot 20 per cent. of marks earned; if on marcs, 10 per cent.: If near station,s per cent. On verandah are plainly vlsable, 2 brooms blanket z sticks string, uncleared dInner tablt·, &c. Bucket 'of water' and fine'spray garden syringe required.

Immediate Action.

Prompt decisions (I mark lost each second wasted

All Bearers advance on patient without delay

Encourage patient and warn against movement

Postpone treatment of head wound for present

Detail a bearer to control each leg

Clasp patient round chest (arms througb hiS armpits )

Drag patient along ground, backwards feet.

Special (H.alf marks. only If delayed )

Enquire if doctor lmme.dlat el y aval.lable (No )

Enquire for hospital 3 mIles away)

Enquire for ambulance (hospi tal motor )

presented by 306 } 277 260! 25 6 t 199! 166 Dr. N. Corbet

Enquire nesrest phone (police statIOn 50 yards down lane , Despatch bearer to brIng material and call ambulance

Exam ination and Treatment of Head \\ ound.

Exclude evidence of fractured skull

Enquire if blood spurts (Ny) ; if wound dirty

Don't touch or wash: IodIne: clean, soft dreSSIng

Pad on Dressing; control with narrow bandage

6 3 3 3 2 10 10 5 4 4 4 6 3 4 3 3 3

-FIRST

AI D.- April, 1921.

And hot bottles tested and covered with flannel

Examination and treatment of broken legs.

Bearers detailed to control legs throughout

Establish marked irregularity middle both legs

Enquire if blood present ( No) ifbone protrudes ( No )

Treat as simple fractures both bone s of both legs

Each bearer restores natural position (toes up )

By traction with care; without using force

Without letting go till limbs splinted

For each leg apply 2 splints (3 accepted )

Padded where necessary; fix with narrow bandage above, 1 below fracture >' I knee; I at ankles

Fix legs at knees and ankles With broad bandages

Cover warmly : drinks of hot tea from house

Neatness and efficiency of work

Further examination of patient.

Enquire for pain ( noIle )

Establish general condition : conscIOus (Y es )

Face ( pale ); pulse ( fair ) ; breathing (regular )

Detailed examination for ot her injuries (none )

Methods of examination and general treatment

Removal of patient.

Decide remove by stretcher to police station

In vi ew of storm and pending arrival of ambulance

Test stretcher and discover it is useless

Discover material for improvisation (on verandah)

Improvis i ng stretcher: 2 sticks as crosspieces

Poles rolled on side blanket : walk sideways

Two bearers each side-each grasps end and mid. pole

Lifting, loading and carrying improvised stretcher

Care and obser vation during march ( no change )

Judge says: - " Police surgeon is now in station."

Report to doctor (ca use: i njuries: treatment )

Replacement of e q uipment

Footnote to each Card of Instruction .- You will have 10 minutes in which you may study this question. When, however, you hand your card to the Judge, no further time will be a llowed and you must answer without delay. Otherwise, the Judge will pass on at once to the next Bearer.

Bearer No. 1. - - W hat do you know about concussion of brain?

P.

is not only form of stimulant 2

Spirits, after accident, may cause serious results 2

Safest defer alcohol till doctor arrives 2

P. 157.-Except in prussic acid and cyanide poisoning 2

Substitutes-strong hot tea, coffee or milk 2

P. 143.-To which sugar added, to promote warmth

Sol volatile ( r teaspoon; tumbler water ) in SipS

Smelling salts ; warmth to stomach and heart. 2

By hot flannels or bottles (tested and wrapped ) 2

Sprinkling face with hot and cold alternately... 2

Vigorous friction of l i mbs and upwards 2

Bearer No. 3.-What do you know about choice and preparation of a patient's room after serious accident?

P. 200

If severe injuries, select room easily reached 2

Because difficult carry throug h passages and stairs 2

Otherwise patient s own room is best

Clear passag es; remove furniture and mats in 2 hall 2

I f patient on stretcher, arrange chairs to support

Remove useless furniture; draw bed from wall

If patient collapsed, prepare hot blankets 2

If injury severe, extensive dressings

Or mud-stained clothes require removal

Place near bed another bed, cOl1ch or table

To lay patient on in first instance, and

Protect this with old sheets, papers, waterproof

Bearer NO.4 -What do you know about Flexion ?

P. 8r .-A method of maintaining indirect pressure

I n cases of profuse arterial bleeding

...

While wound is being examined and protected 2

P. 85.-And as permanent measure, wpen '2

Direct fail!;, foreign booy or fracture present

Consists of applIcation of pad on pressure pomts

At knee and elbow joints; flexing joints for pressure

And securing flexed limb with figure 8 bandage

P. 95.-For brachial artery, wrap stone or cork in pac' '2

Or turn up coat sleeve, If no pad available

P 99 .-For popliteal artery, pad size lawn tennis ball

Or roll up trouser leg, if no pad available

Bearer No. s.-What do you know about the removal c,f a patient s clothing ?

P. 26. - Clothes must not be taken off unnecessarily '2

Though necessary i n serious cases, e.g., h re morrhage '2

P. 206.-When it is better to sacnfice clothing

P. 26.-Remove coat from sound side first, and It necessary, slit up seam of sleeve

P. 206 -RepJace coat or shirt on injured arm first

P. 26 -Slit fronts of shirt and vest, and remove as CO ll

Slit outer seam of trousers; cut off sock

Steady ankle and loosen lace of boot

P. 49.-With simple froctures , apply splints on clothing

Except fracture of clavicle and crushed foot 2

P. 206.- With burns and scalds, do not tear off clothing

Use sharp pair of scissors and cut a way

Leaving anyth;ng adherent to soak off

INDIVIDUAL TE STS.

Bearer No. I.-You have your haversack on your ba d and late one evening are walking along Liverpool-street v. it t1 your brother. He slips on a piece of orange peel and fa il violently to the ground. He is now sitting on the kerb co m plaining of a severe pain just above his left ankle and loo k s very ill. Act as you should and note that bystanders appe a' only when your treatment is practically concluded.

Remove orange peel and place in gutter at outset

Place patient in comfortable position at outset

Encouraging words; cover warmly; crowd back ldter

Examine ankle; pain ( worse on movement )

Swelling ( not marked ); loss of power ( marked )

Irregularity (3 inches aboye and fibula; tibia normal ) :2

Enquire bleeding ( No) ; evidence of other injury ( No )

Decide treat as simple fracture of fibula 2

Enquire for doctor ( none ) ambulance ( L.C.C. motor )

Ask bystander 'phone ambulance; detailed message 2

Do not uncover limb; steady by supporting foot

First tie feet together with broad bandage

Apply outside splint- from knee to beyond foot

Fix splint with bandages placed round both legs I

I st above, 2nd below, fracture; 3rd round top of splint 2

4th round ankles; 5th above knees-in this order 2

Cover warmly; sips of water; remove by ambulance

Neatness and efficiency of work; general treatment

Bearer No 2. - You are working together in a chemic al factory. Your friend is in his shirtsleeves, his coat havi ng been removed. While carrying a bowl of undiluted vitriol, h e stumbles, and the contents of the bowl are thrown over h i:; right forearm. He now lies on his left side in a dead fain

There is a first-aid box near at hand. Act as you should an d nole that a friend joins you half-way through your treatment

I mmediately place recumbent and comfortable

Po 5t pone attention to burned forearm at outset

Except place limb comfortable and cover ...cotton-wool

Ap ril , I9 2I • -FIRST

Loos en clothes neck, chest- waist; .fresh freely 1

Enq uire and send for doctor (here In 8mmutes ) 2

Cover warmly; noth ing by mouth windows 2

Sprinkle face; smellmg salts to nostnls

En quire result of treatment (better: fully conscIOus ) 2

Enc our aging words; warn and support

EnqU ire if bowl broken eYldence of bleedmg (N o ) 2

E xamin e and exclude other injurIes (none ) ,

Keep co tton-wool on part while you prepare

Bath of alkaline lotion in which limb is immersed 2

Lo ti on warm (98 degs.) ; dessertspoon bi c al b. soda to pint

Care full y remove shirt-don c tear anything off

Cut aw ay where possible; leave anything adherent

Do n ot apply vaseline or any oily dressing 1

Make fr iend prepare dressings to save time... 2

Ap ply st rips of lint; spread thickly boric ointment

Swat he cotton-wool; bandage lightly; large sling

Cov er warmly; warm drinks await doctor

Bea rer No. 3. - You are in a hotel and are called by the pro pri eto r to a bedroom where you find a man lying pale, uncon SCI OU S and collapsed on the floor near his bed, with a rev olv er in his right hand. He is fully dressed and has clearly been s h ot through the chest just below the right nipple. The pro pri et or is your only assistant. Act as you should.

Sec u e r evolver and place at safety and in safe place 2

Qui c ly exclude signs of fracture and other injury (none ) 2

Then giv e clear instructions to proprietor, and with his e lp

Plac pa tient on bed, clothes of which rolled back 2

Kee p h im recumbent, head low 'md turned to one side. .. 2

Un de clo thing neck to waist; expose wound fully 2

En quire if external bleeding ( No ) if wound clean ( Yes ) 2

Do n'. t ouch or wash; apply clean soft dressing 2

Ice bag over dressing; left arm in large arm-sling 2

Cov el warmly: fresh air freely: open windows 2

En qUI re and send for doctor ( Here in 8 minutes ) 2

Wri t e n message with full details of case

E nqui re results of treatment (better; fully conscious ) 2

De ci Ie that there is no need to bandage limbs 2

Pene n g doctor's arrival, avoid stimulation... _

Ex cep t sprinkling face with water and smelling salts 2

Ice te- s uck or sips of water: encouraging words [

Nea tn es s and efficiency of work; general treatment 2

Hearer No. 4.-YoU are in a hotel and are called to a bedroo m where you find a man lying on the ground in his nightshir t He is suffering from profound shock, is complaining of grea t p ain in the pit of his stomach, and says that he has just take n a dose of Epsom Salts in lemonade. The patient's wife is st· nd ing over him and is in great distress. Act as you sho u

Enccu r aging and sympathetic words to man and wife

Con tH m man 's story by reference to man's wife

EliC it fr om wife that Salts of Lemon taken by accident... 2

Ask for bottle; examine; confirm wife s story 2

Not e b urns and stains on lips, mouth, throat

Swell mg of throat; difficulty in swallowing 2

En q li r e and send for doctor ( Here in 8 minutes) 2

Writt e n message with full details of case

Pro ec t vomit and secure bottle in safe place 2

Plac e in bed; cover warmly; fresh air freely 2

DeC id e that no emetic should be given

Se nd wife for and give lime water very freely

Fail in g this, whitening or chalk or magnesia

Or wall plaster-one tablespoon to tumbler

En q ui r e results of treatment (Pt. much better) 2

Giv e a nimal or vegetable oil, T dessertspoon I

Rep eat , and give cup of strong tea and sugar, or

Mi lk a nd eggs, gruel, barley water-freely

Ap ply hot fomentations to throat, chin to sternum

En q uire if wife feels much better (Yes) 3

Ne a n ess and efficiency of work; general treatment 2

B earer No. ).-You are fishing a trout stream in a lonely vall e y with a friend, who slips down when changing his position on t he river bank. He is now standing and complaining of great pai n in his left ankle. The only house in the valley is your

AI

D.- 159

friend's cottage, which is 50 yards away from the scene of the accident. You have a triangular bandage in your pocket.

Act as you should.

Quickly place recumbent : comfortable position 2

Examine ankle: bleeding or any wound ( No )

Swelling, (Yes; getting more marked irregularity (No )

Ask friend if he can walk (Yes, with assistance ) 2

Dec ide treat as sprain of left ankle 2

Do not remove boot; lace up more t!ghtly '2

Apply triangular bandage-centre on sole at instep

Cross front of ankle; lOund and round ankle; lie

Wet bandage; cover warmly ; sips of water from stream

Enquire for ductor (due cottage 1 hour after you arrive ) 2

Examine and exclude other injuries : encourage 2

Remove to cottage : stand on side of injury ( Lt. ) 2

Patient's Lt. arm over your Lt. shoulder; grip hand

Pass your Rt. arm round patient at brim of pel vi s

Instruct patient walk with broken step

Neatness and efficiency of work : general treatmtnt 2

On arrival at cottage; remove bandage, boot, sock, el C. 3

Place comfortable position ; foot raised on pillow

Apply cold continuously, or heat if cold fails ease [Jain 2 Cover warmly; drink hot tea; await doctor 2

LONDON

The final competition in the contest for the Challenge Shield of the London & North-Western Railway Company s ambulance claSSES took place on April 6th at Belle Vue Gardens, Manchester.

The London & North -Western service is divided into eleven ambulance districts, and the competitors were the winners in their respective districts They were London Road (Manchester), Builth Road (Shropshire and South and Central Wales), Waterloo Goods (Liverpool), Carnforth (Lancaster and Carlisle), Earlestown Wi:lggon Department (Wigan), Broad Street "A" (Southern), Castlethorpe (Rugby), B.:Ingor (Chester and Holyhead), Copley Hill (Leeds), Crewe PaSSEnger (Crewt), and Curzon Street (Birmingham and South Sraffordshire). The judges were Dr. Larkin, Dr. Jackson and Dr. Cran, of Manchester, who made the following awards :-

I. London Road (Manchester), winner of Challenge Shield

2. Curzon Street (Birmingham and South Staffordshire.

3. Earlestown Waggon Department (Wigan)

The prizes were distributed by Lady Tootal Broadhurst. It is stated that 7,400 of the Company's staff hold first aid certificates and that lasryear hplp was rendered in nearly 6,000 cases.

The V:mdon Road team will represent this Railway in the Inter-Railway Competition. We hope to publish the tests of this competition in OUT next issue.

A terrible and extraordinary accident happened in London this month, when a man was pinned to the ground by a steel red, 25ft. long, which fell on him, pierced his right shoulder as he was bending forward, penetrated the lung, and pierced his thi£h. The rod to. be cut off at both ends by a hacksaw before he could be liberated; and then, literally skewered by the rod, he was removed to Charing Cross Hospital. Here the rod had to be pulled out by a wrench worked by the en.gineer: the instructions of the surgeons. The man IS recoverIng.

When corresponding with Advertisers p-Iea..se mutioo "FiII.t Aid "

& N O RTH - WESTh.RN RAIL WAY

-FIRST

-FIRS'!'

Aeroplane Ambulances.

THE idea of removing wounded men from the of battle by means of a ir service is no new one. l.t in 1910 from Dr. d e Mooy, of the D utch Medical was furth e r ventilated befor e the war by Mr. Ch. Julltot, of the F re nch Service de Sante, and under presmre from: Dr. A. Chassaing, who was both m e dicin-major and Parliame?tary deputy, was nearly realised on the French. In 19 18. After an interval of three years French MinIsters of State are now reported to b e considering the of numbers os large medical aeroplanes for use In colomes where other transport is difficult. A machiue recently officially inspected at the Villacoublay is a Bregoet biplane to carry two stretcher or four sIttmg cases in charge of a nurse and is provided with steriliser and operating-table.

.

The aviation department e-f Messrs VIckers, Ltd., have a modified machine of the Vickers Vimy ; commercial type, to fulfil the duti es of an aeroplane ambulance, and constructed in accordance with the r equirements of the Air Ministry; it is capable of carrying at a height of

AI D.- April,

interior h e re given the stretcher racks (which can be folded out of the way of the seated cales) are sho wn in position to hold stretchers. Clearance and lat eral floor spaces are allowed for sufficient to facilita te in every way the handling of stretcher cases; ventilati on is provided by a fan fitted in the front wall ot the cab in' this fan drives air through a screen, which is kept moist and can be operated when the aeroplane is stati onary on the ground. Regulation of the flow of water dow n the screen will admit the maintenance of an even and cool temperature in tropical countries. A lavatory pan is pro· vided, supplied with a IS gallon water-tank, and flu shed into a receptacle which is easily detached for emp ty ing and disinfecting; a wash-basin is included, and ther e are separate smaller tanks for washing, drinking, and c ooling water.

The uses of such ambulance aeroplanes will be con si derable in areas where roads do not exist, or where th e y are too crowded to admit of rapid transport of urgent cas es, For small tropical or mountain expeditions a supply o f such aeroplanes might be very helpful.

Golden Rules for Test-Setters.

By THE EDITOR.

April, 19 2 1.

whose pi oneer work the modern ambulance is larg ely due, used to say that the essence of competltlon ork wa s" resourcefulntss of mind, followed by resourcefuln ess of action." This being the cas e from the cometitors' point of view, then the would -be Test-Setter an? must in his. turn be able and careful , to anticipate th ese same ,

I II. E xercz'se sympatllv In selcctmg y?ur tests. me mbe r that these tests serve the double 0 of testlO g kn owledge and of instilling knowledge. To th,ls end set a test wh ich fits in with the nE'eds of the competitors, selecting for Brigade Competitions street or ?pen em erge ncy; for Railway CompetitIons .a pOSSibl e railway acc iden t. Not long ago a team of lallway men secured firs t pl ace in a competition one day and on the next were ca ll ed upon to a man an actual for t,he sa me in jury and under conditions almost Identical with th ose of their competition.

I V. Exercise tact i n sel ecting your tests. Remember tha t to say and do the right thing at the .moment req Uir es knowledge, and that you must acqUlre thiS knowled ge heforehand Thus, if you ar e selecting a railway testpiecl, an d if y.ou are not a railway man, then tact d e mands th at you should submit your sheet to an expert, wh o m ay point out errors of detail whIch may make or mar yo ur efforts.

AID.-

to the competitors and is the penalty paid for the honour conferred on the man who is mvited to set and judge the tests in a com peti tiun.

eueties and }lnswets to eOttespondents.

2ueries will be dealt with under the to/loflJing ru l es :t.-Letters cr)ntaininf:, Queries must be marked on the top lett hana corner ot the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46 , Cann01z·street, London, E. C 4·

-A It Queries must be accompanied by a Query Coupon" cut fr011l the current issue of the lournal, or in case oj Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

? _ The Textbook, to whi ch, reference may be in these columns, is (he 36th (I920) Edition of S.f.A.A. Manual of First·Aid.

CLA SS IFICATION OF POI SONS

J. W. ( Fairfie,ld ) asks ( I ) if are included, under " NarcotIcs, " and (2) If milk and Epsom salts constItute an an "alkali."

8)1 co urtesy) l'ile "i,all<'c!,"

Interior of the Vicker Vimy ambulance aeroplane, shOW ing a stretcher case in position for transport

6,500 fcet, and at a speed of J09 miles p e r hour for five hours, the following load: 1 pilot, 1 mechanic, I doctor, I nurse, 4 stretcher or 8 sitting cases, and 100 lb. weight of medical stores. Fitted with two Napier Li.on 450 horse power engines, and carrying a wireless installation, the machine can climb with full load to the above height in ten minutes; it can also ft y with one engine out of action.

The shell is watertight and specially constructed in case of a descent on the sea is necessary; an opening is provided in the front of the luggag a department (under the pilot's seat) whereby stretchers may be loaded and unloaded without any turning of corners. Sitting and walking cases can be admitted through the ordinary doors the side, which are constructed of a size adequate for rapid evacuation in case of emergency. In the photograph of the

I AM happy to respond to the request of an este t.. med correspondent, who in our March issue invited me to lay down some Rules for those who set Competition Te sts. At the same time I do so in fear and trembling, b eCa use, while I know that an onlooker usually sees most o f the game, yet I appreciate the traditions of the St. John Mo ve· ment which delegates teaching and examination t o the medical profession and organisation to the laity. Mor eov er, I know from experi e nce the dissatisfaction and hear t bu rn, ings which arise when competitors are invited to en ter for competitions conducted by laymen. In many such instan ces the competition collapses for this reason and because com, petitors are ready to accept all decisions, even if, cl early incorrect, from a medical man whereas they will often cavil at the verdict of laymen, however just and c orre ct th ese may be. 'With the proviso, therefore, that I am not a doctor and that I do not pr e t e nd to be one, lest I gi ve encouragement to "the quack doctors" of my corresp on, dent, I will endeavour to set out my' Golden R ules" which, as one might expect, rest on the eight QualificatIO ns of a First Aider ; and which, as our correspondent d eSir es, may serve as the counterpart to the valuable hints to com· petitors given by Dr. C orbet Fletcher in our Feb ru ary issue.

r. E .ye tcise Discrimina#ott, and do not presu me to set any tests, ztttless you are qualified as a doctor or unless you are specially invited by the competitors so t o do, Remember that there are a thousand and one points whi ch may crop up in the simplest tests and tequire expert k now' ledge for their proper solution. I once heard a well-k no wn j udge say that a really good stretcher test took him a full week to prepare ; and that even he did not quite kn ow how the te st would work out until he had seen a train ed team of First-Aiders begin to solve its possibilities.

II. Exercise resourcefulness in setting your tests. Re· member that the picture of the emergency requires ca reful thought, and that the best and easiest plan is to base your test on some incident which has really occurred and;of which you have first· hand knowledge. The late Dr. Christian, to

V. Be explicit in working out your. t e st. th at, t o judge fairly the efforts of competitors 10 SOIVlO,g the pr oble m set, you must yourself have worked the case th rou gh from start to finish. Be prepared, howeve r, f?r so me solution other than the one you have set down In YO U! she et and mark according to its allowing full cr edit when it ensures the proper and effiCient care of patien t. For this a fully worked out markmg sh eet is an absolute'n e cesslty ; and the greater the attentio n to minor details, the more even is the distribution of marks and the more accurate will be the r es ult of the compe tlUo n.

V I. Be dextrous in staging your tests. Remember th at modern comp e titions are carried out "as in e merge ncy," and that a competition in which lS left to the competitors' imaginations is a posltlve to th ose r e sponsible for the tests. Such competitIOns us uall y demonstrate the ability or lack of ability of c.ompe tlto rs to memorise the supposed a?d th em unfairly in the exhibition of thea skill m rendenng Fi rst Aid. So make all possible us e of chairs, tables. e tc. (W ith labels attached and details clearly marked out), as items in your scene.

VII. B e persevering in your study, the Textbook, which is the basis on which the comp etltlon rests. Keep it co ns tantly before you wh e n working out your test, and refer to it on every point. Otherwis e you may find that your memory has phyed you false, and y.ou have fo rgo tten some important step in treatmen.t IS ta ug ht in the Textbo ok This pr ecautIOn lti certamly prefer able ' to the risk of having some malcontent in g the book into your fac e after the competitIOn and calling your attention to page and paragraph soand-s o.

V III. Be observant in judging your 'I ests. Some comp etitors grum ble if the judge is not standing to th em throughout their trial of skill, and do not realise that man y points can be decided at a distance by use of one's power of observation and by. ch eckmg .results. Constant observation throughout a senes of tests IS m?st fa tig uing to mind and body; but it is a source of consolatIOn

1), Strictly speaking, I!arcotics are substances which ,not only produce sleep als? In larg e the functIOns of respiration and Circulation. Under thiS definitIOn, therefore, Belladonna at least should b e class ifi ed as "narcotic." The Textbook, however, recognises as "narc?tics" of Opium and some Carbon preP8: ratl ?ns ; bec aus e, qUl,te corre ct ly from the First Aid standpOint, It seeks to emphaSIse the peculiar effe cts of certain potent nerve" ,poison,S, , (2). An alkali is a substance which combines WIth an aCId and neutralises it, form ing a salt, e,g" soda, potash, hme. .(\ mixture of milk and Epsom salts does not do thIS, and IS "neutral," i,e., neither " acid " nor "alkal1."-N. COR BET FLETCIlER.

(

COMPLICATED FRACTU RE OF THIGH.

B. P. ( Nelson ) asks for tr eatment of Simple Fracture of Thigh with ruptured Popliteal Artery (no wound). He immediate digital pressure ?n femor al arter,Y I,n grom followed by tourniquet, contlDuouS cO,ld applIcatIOns behlDd knee, and fixation of thigh by splints and bandages Your treatment is sound; but surely the fracture was " Complicated " and not '" Simpl e ."-N. C, F.

RUPTURE OF BLAD DER

B. P. (N elson ) asks for treatment of Ruptur ed He suggests raising of head and shoulders and also of thighs by placing havres acs ?eneath knees , and contmuous applications of cold over regIOn of bl adder.

P la cing patient in semi-recumbent position, as you suggest no special advantage; a nd you should follow the instructIOns of Textbook (p, I20. ,-N. C. F.

CONCU SSION () F BRAIN.

A. N. (K ettering ) asks ( 1) what really happens ,in of the Brain ; (2) if the bl?od leaves the braID In t.hls condition ; and ( 3) if the application (If cold to head ID these cases is good treatment.

Concussion of Brain is a conditio n, characterised by more I complete suspension of its functIOns, as a result of an or ess h " h k "f th in'ury to the head. Consequent on t IS S a mg up 0 e blain, paralysis of its centres takes place so that not only does

r62 -FIRST

the brain re ceive a deficient supply of blood, but the blood tends to stagnate in dis tensile parts of the body, especially the portal system.

The application of cold to head would, therefore, be bad treatment , s ince by its action on superficial and deep bloodvessels it would, by causing contraction of these vessels, limit s ti ll further the supply of blood to brain. - N. C. F.

T REATMENT O F INS E N S I lILl T Y

P B ( Cardiff ) asks why in treatment of Im.ensibility the p atient s head is turned t o one side.

This position tends to "ensure action of lungs )) (Textbook p. (28 ) in that the patient s tongue is less liable to fall b ac k and obstruct his windpipt (p. I 25) Further, if during the per iod of recovery and of reactiol} after Shock, the patient should vomit, then there is less risk of the vomited matter p as sin g backwards and causing asphyxia.-N C. F.

X Y. Z. wr ites that lacking the active support of his Surgeon, he h a s done his best to include the duties of this office with thos e of D ivis on al Superintendent. He asks our ad vice because he feel s discouraged by the attitude of a few members, who are apt to question his decisions on te c hn ica points.

C heer up and carryon. The cir c umstances may be t r ying; b ut , if you have the support and sympathy of the maj ,rily of your members, you can a fford to treat" the few )) wi h sil ent contempt. These are not worth botherin g about.N. C F

S GN S O J" I ODINE PO I SO.1';" IN G

D. D ( Bournemouth ) asks for signs and symtoms of Iodine Po isoning.

T h ose of rri ta nt poison ing, i.e. (I ), intense pain in throat and ( 2 ) vom it n g, purging th irst- vomit being yellow fr? m or b lue If starch In s tomach ; (3) giddines s , fa Int n ess, In s en SI b Ili ty wIth or wIthout convulsions. - N C. F.

W E I GHT OF B L OOD.

D D. ( Ba urnemo tt h ) asks what is weight of a p int of blood. A p pro xim a tely 2 I.l- oun c es:- N. C F.

J. (F ail sw orth ) -( I ) The Mons.Star.should be br ight ; (2) the rIbbon should be worn as stated In BrI g ade Regulations.

We publi s h in a nother column a short report of the a nnu a l insp e ct io n o f I h e R. N. A S R es er ve of the No Di strict, we are informed that Distri c t has now nearly r e alis e d its full strength for the R eserve, and we would urge those member s of the Brigade in the No. District who ,wish join should an early application. We publIshed m our February Issue the conditions of services which ar e strai g htforwald and attractive We are informed th a t men who served during the war will be appointed s e nior sick b e rth attendants, and that all oth e rs who served will receiv e promotion from th e rank which they previously htld.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READING" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once

A O S,.J.A.B writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of lOstruc tlOn recelved, ha ve often wanted to take such courses but could never find where to get such." (T.E.) , Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. (st a mp) to MR. J: E. WALDI!N, S ec., Westminster College (Lady Dispen ser Sec tIon o f th e West m inste College of Che mistry and Ph a rmacy e td 8 ) 112, St George's R.oad. Southwllrk. London. s 74

A GREAT FIRST AID TO AID.

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all t hat medical and surgical knowledge necessar y for FIrst Alders, as well as an authoritative manual or refe r en ce on all information relating to Health and Disease, IS a to I:>e welcomed by all our. reader.s who wish to s tu dy theIr subject more deeply than IS pOSSIble from super fic ial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew W i lso n fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Work. In respect of .completeness, accuracy of descri p tI on wealth .of IllustratIOn, .1 The Modern Physician" st an ds Without a rIval amongst the works published on this 1m. portant subject. It is scientifically accurate and re li ab le without being dull ; the name of its editor: so 10I?g an d popularly known as an expositor of H e alta laws a n c! a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This w or k is absolutely compl e te as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowled&e of the body in Health is necessar y to the due understandmg of the body whp.n its functions a re derange? by disease, a description of every part of th e frame WIll be found here. The skeleton, muscles, dig es t'v e system, hea.rt lungs, brain and nervous system, organ s of se nse, skin, kIdn e ys and. the body s microscopic stru c t'lre are duly descnbed. In thIS connection the illustration s re of particular value, the "mannikins" o r dummies m ore esp e cially ; in these the org 'l ns are made to overlap e ac h other e xactly as th e y do in the human body

The section devoted to Hygien e includ e s the fu ll of th e Laws of H e alth, and special att tn tIO n IS devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as fo ods beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holid ai s' temperament, &c , are t(eated in this section.

The last volume is especially d e vot e d to the H ea lt h of Women, an d Dr Wilson has h e re b ee n assisted b y a numb-=r of women physicians . Midwifery and the treatment and Dlseases of Infants ar e here fully dealt wi t h.

ONE OF MANY OPINIONS

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes: -

." I ts all round excellence ma kes i t a valuable acq ui sition The section dealing wi th amb ul ance work is es peci ally go od Th e book is wri tte n in splend id sty le and the illustra ti ons are fir st ral e The meth od of paymen pla ces i wi thin th e reach of all. "

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That Hall's Wine enjoys the confidence of medical men is evidenced by their wide recommendation of it. In many cases doctors have written to us expres -lng their appreCIatIon of Hall ' s Wine , giving instances of Its beneficial results.

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Iodine is a very valuable antiseptic In Tincture or Liniment form , however, it stains, hardens, and sometimes blisters the skin , while on broken or mucous surface s it can be very irritating .

is the ideal form in wh ic h to u s e Iod ine fo r-all e xternal uses. I t ne it her stains nor h ard en s the sk in, does not b lis te r and ne ve r irr itates when applied to the most s en si t iv e m u cou s surfaces. As a first-a id dress in g for c uts, -

abrasions, burns , bru is es, sprains e tc., I ODEX mainta ins an asept ic cond itio n, r ed uces inflammat ion, and promotes ra pid granulat ion. IODE X h as bee n known to d oc tor s for ma ny years and has the ir en tir e ap p r oval. K eep a pot h a nd y. T o be obtai ne d from most c hemi s t s.

MENLEY & JAM ES , Ltd. , ,J1a. 't u./a ctlo'ing Chemists, 64. HATTON GARD EN. L O N DO N.

DRUMS. BUGLES. FLUTfS.

REPAIRS executed on the premises in a few hours when urgently required.

HfADS relapped on o wn flesh hoops in a couple sf hours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head same day.

MUSIC publi sh e d fo r Drum, F lute and Bugles. Wri t e for List.

H.

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36-38, W EST STR E ET, CHARING CR OSS LONDON. - ES TABLISHED 1811.-

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANOE:

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Classes for Summer Term. Tuberculosis. Tropical Hygiene. First Aid. Home Uispensing, Hygiene. Home Nu r sing. Tropical Ailments. Camp Sanitation. · Child Welfare Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl Guides. Applied Anatomy and Physiology

T he College :oHers every fe r instructi on in Amb ulance V/o rk in its wid es t inte rpr etatIOn. The fees al e. mode rate and and Fell ows have the use of Anat?ml cal and logical Museums, Ban daging Ro oms, Ward , L Ibra ry and " ntmg l{oom. Ann ua l Su bsc ll ptions: Mem bers £1 I S., F ellows £2 2S. Write fo r P rospe ctus to the MA AGIN G S ECRETARY, 56 Qu ee n Anne Str{et, W.J. Ph one: Mayfai r 4652

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April, 19 21

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Its aim and object being the advancement 0, Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send ArtiCles and Re ports on subjects pertaining to the Movement ar:d also welcomes !;uggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For fJublication) by the name and address of the Co rrespondent.

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Telegrap hic Address: "Twentv-four, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

REMARKABLE figures concerning the Funds. vast amount of work done by the Hull Corps of the Brigade, and the astonishingly small amount of financial support accorded that o rganisation were revealed at the annual meeting held last mo nth .

The figures were as follows :-

Cases treated last year

Su bscri bers

Amount

been treated in respect of accidents should no have given a greater amount of financial support. If such a service wall a municipal undertakin g it would cast an additional burden upon the ratepayers, and in all probability be in no way as efficient.

It may, perhaps, be assumed that the prosperity of a Corps or Division is dependent upon the abilities and activities of its officers, mor e particularly thos e associated with the administrative side, to a large extent t his may be the case, for it only by their consistent efforts in making the claims of the Brigade know in their localities that they can hope for that financial support so n ee ded to carryon satisfactoril y.

It might be found desirable to form 'a small committ ee to appeal for and collect funds by way of augmenting the individual efforts of the officers, and we hope to hear that the Hull Corps may find some means by which they on remedy this deplorable state of affairs.

S

J A

B Officers Regulation Great Coats. Da rk • .• • • Grey cloth, to measure, £3 I<)S. 6rl. QuotatIons for o.lher equipment on application. \\Trite for patterns and partIculars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

FOR SALE, a quantity of Ambulance Unifor m Trousers, all sizes, quite new, J6s. 6d. a pair.- Thornt on and Co .,

Adverse balance

"£'1,5 0 ,)

We must admit that ther e is a wide inequality in the financial prosperity of the various Corps and Divisions of this cou ntry, and it does not invaliably follow, as it should do, that the towns most in need of an Efficient ambulance servi ce sufficiently provide financially to maintain such a serv ice, indeed, the reverse is sometimes the case, as is exem plified in this instance. Here we have a large city like Hull with a population of 300,000, only providing a meagre sum of £40 7s. od. in a year to support a voluntary organisation which is conspicuously effective as the results prove, and it i3 surprising that firms whose workmen had

UN FORTUNA TELY our publishing day Competitions. coincides with the date of the two important ambulance. competitions of the year-the Inter-Railway and Brigade-we were therefore faced with the decisions of delaying publication on including only the result in this issue, we have chosen the latter course. Our next issue, June, will therefore contain the full reports with the marking sheets, and the criticisms on the work of the competitors. As it is impossible for us to get in touch with each individual member of the teams we hope some of them will send us a short impression of th e competitions from their own standpoint in order to mak e this issue as interesting as possible.

The Leigh Nursing Division held a social on 7 at which various members were present ed wIth theIr examination awards by the Mayoress. :3 e

The annual report of the City of Bristol C)rps shows a balance of £618 lOS. Id. in hand. .We the Corps in being in such a strong financHI.l

-FIRST

AID. - May, 1921.

905. Officer5 are requested to inform their members of this for future reference.

!The Grand of the Order of the .}(ospita\ of St. john of jerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

No. I Distric.t COMMISSIONER:

!The St. john J\mbulance Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL.

June, 192 1.

Sunday, 5th.-No. 58 Division, G.P.O.

" 12th.-No. 59 " Carshalton.

" 19th.-No. 63 Smith & Sons. 26th.-No.64 Y.M.C.A.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

NEW DIVISIONS.

The following new Nursing Division has been sanctioned by the Chief Commissioner :No. 50 ( Willesden) N1lrsing- Division. Mrs. Aubrey Richardson, O. B.E., to be in charge.

SPECIAL RESERVE.

The following is an extract from a letter received from the Chief Commissioner :-

1. That applicants from this Reserve must have performed at least three years' exceptional service. The years of such service and the nature of the service should be stated in each case.

2. These joining the Reserve are no longer members of the Bngade, are members of the Special onlY' ,and are available for duty in uniform with the Brigade In cases of local emergency. They remain in a period, of three years, at the end of If .they Wish in it, they must pass an examlllat.JOn to the satlsfactlOn of the authorities that they are qualIfied to carryon the work This is a District Reserve, and it is entirely within the discretion of the Commissioner of the .District to appoint to it; but Heactquarter,s mus.t be notified of the raising of such Reserve and a lIst of Its members submitted.

OBITUARY.

It is with deep regret that the Commissioner has to announce the of Dr. Emlyn Jones, formerly of the Toynbee and lately Divisional Surgeon to the DIYlsJOn. DUring the war he served in the R.A.M .C., retIrIng With the rank of In addition it is announced with much regret that Mr E B, Officer in o.f the 80 (Stoke ton) DIVISion, died of bronchitiS III CharIng Cross Hospital m March last.

In each case a detachment of the Brigade attended at the funeral.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

I.t is pro,posed to hold the Annual Inspection of the No. I DistrIct (Pnnce of Corps).on Saturday, July 16th, in Hyde Park. Further partIculars Will be issued later.

MARCH OUT.

It has been decided to abandon for the present the March Out, which would have taken place on May 28th.

TELEPHONE NUMBERS.

Officers of all ranks. informed that the telephone number of Headquarters WIll In future be Ccntral 904 instead of

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissione1'.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending new s· cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of pub licatIOn of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

I t is generally known that a stall at the forthcoming baza ar in aid of .the L<:m,d?n hospitals is 1;>eing equipped and staffed by the .N,!rslllg DIVISion of NO.1 DiStrict, P. ofW. Corps. It is gntlfYlllg to be able to report that a splendid response ha s been made to the appeal for contributions of anything usefu l a,nd in the .way of promises from every Nursing Div isIOn Without exceptIOn. Letters of grateful appreciation have been received from the matron and from the organisers of the Bazaar, and it now rests with the Divisions to justify thes e expectations. Parcels may be sent at any time to Mrs. Calvi n .Lines, 93, 'West End-lane, N.W. 6; but everything should be III her hands at latest by the end of June. I t may be mentione d that contributions are not restricted to the Nursing Division s only, but gifts of all kinds would be welcomed from any source thereby helping a need that it should be a privilege to assist: The London Hospital is greatly in need of funds.

C1TY OF LONDON 68) Dl\' ISION.-A very pleasant even ing was spent by the members of the Division ( " The Printers Own") April I2th, at Broad-street Station Buffet, on the occasIOn of the Annual Dmner. Ambulance Officer G. H. Peters chair, and was supported by among others , CommiSSIoner Wmny, O.B.E., Asst. Com. V!lven, Capt. Pontin Supt. Mc. Bride (Div. 63), and Supt. Banks (S.E. & C.R.), the Rt. Hon. C. W. Bowerman, P.C., M.P. (who was accompanied by Mrs. Bowerman),Messrs. Wm. Vandy, W. H. Chistopher, Arthur O'Connor, and other well-known members of the printing trade.

Commissioner Winny congratulated Ambulance Office r Peters on his appointment, and said the efficiency of the Div ision refip.cted great credit on him. He also thanked th e Division for the manner and promptitude m which it ha d respor.ded to the" Gate's" calls for duty during the past J 2 months. It was the hope of the Brigade that a very popular personage would inspect No. I District in July.

M,r. W. in proposing the toast of the Division , gave high prals.e to the of the ambulance men, who give up much of theIr spare time to render help when and where needed, and it was not always in their spare time that they di d this work, during ,their hours they were not onl y ready, but dId deal With first aId cases. An excellent dinne r and a delightful entertainment was the outcome of the labours of the stewards, Messrs. Simcocks and Terry.

No. 2 District.

BOURNEMOUTH.-On April 20th the Bournemouth Nursing Division held a com petition for the Divisional challeng e bow!. I nterdivisional competitions were held annually before the war, and this marks their resumption.

Three teams of five competed. Dr. Hardie, R.N., judged and he expressed himself well satisfied with the work done. The. members of the. winning team were :-Miss MooringAldridge (leader), MISS Northover, Miss Alexander, Mn: Cookes and Miss Woodhouse.

All present felt that they had received valuable help from the evening's work, and cordial thanks were expressed to Dr. Hardie.

No. 3 District.

On April 30th, by the kind invitation of the Commissioner , the Rev. W. Dore Rudgard, the Assistant COJllmissioners and the District Surgeon were entertained to luncheon at the

May, I9 2 I. -FIRST

Queen's Hotel, after which the ComI?issioner presided at a .meetmg of those present, and the affaas of the District were dIscussed.

Later, a competition was held in the Medical Mission Hall Floodgate-street, to select a team to represent the District 'in the" Dewar" Shield competition.

The judges were the Assistant Commissioners for Tamwort h, Bedworth and Birmingham, and the District Surgeon, R. Sevestre.

The test case for the Stretcher part of the competition was:-

,

"You and your team are returning from an ambulance comp etition and find this old lady in the road. She is conscious and tells you that, when walking in the road, she got a ston e in her shoe.

"When she had taken off her shoe to remove the stone, she stepped on a piece of glass and cut the sole of her foot, which is bleeding freely.

" In her excitement she slipped and fell on her right hip, which she tells you is badly bruised.

,. Render First Aid'and remove to hospital away up a steep hi I!. "

At the conclusion of the competition the learns ancl a num ber of visitors were entertained to tea by the hospitality of the Birming ham Corps, during which the result was announced by Dr. Henton 'Whi te, Assistant Commissioner for [jirmingham, as follows: -

1. Birmingham, Snow Hill (G. \V.R. ), points.

2. Northampton Headquarters, 267.

3. Stourbridge, 264-

4. Leicester Wigston M.R. Goods, 2 T 5·

BIRMINGIIATI[. - The competltlOn for the Nursing Corps Cup took place on May 7th at the Midland Institute, the followi ng Divisions sending in team s :-Edgbaston, Handsworth, Harboroe, Bournville, \Vinchester House and Y.W.C.A.

The examiners were Corps Surgeon Dr. Parsey, Divisional Surgeo n Dr. Trumper and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Heaton.

The cup was won by Harborne with 314 marks; Edgbaston and Handsworth tied for second place with 284.

This Challenge Cup has not been competed for since 19 1 5 vhen it was won by Edgbaston.

No. 4 District.

BL'\.CKPOOL.- On May 7th 16 squads of the NO·4 District of St. John Ambulance Brigade competed for the cup presented by the directors of the Argenta Meat Company.

Brierfield; the present holders, did not co mpete.

The judges were Assistant-Commissioner Vernon Davies (Sha w) and Dr. Benthall (So uthport ).

The result being Blackpool first, with 223 marks out of a possibl e 300, Nelson second with 221, Bootle third with 2:30, and Kendal fourth with 219·

At the headquarters of the Dlackpool Ambulance Division, Expr ess Chambers, Church-street, three squads - Manchester, Pres ton and Blackpool-competed for the Police Challenge Cup and prizes presented by Dr. L. G. S. l\f olloy. The judge, Dr. Clegg, of Accrington, awarded Preston 26-+ marks out of a poss ible 300, Blackpool 240, and Manchester 20 7.

LANC,\STER. -The fifteenth annual Squad Competition in Hom e Nursing for the District Challenge Shield, and the sixth ann ual competition, also in Home Nursing, the Lytham Vas e were held at Lancaster on Saturday, April 30th , 19 2 1. The Mayor of Lancaster very kindly granted the use of the Town Hall for the competitions.

The judges for the Squad competition were Dr. Blair and Dr. Barrow, and for the Individual competi.tion l:amport.

The Lancaster and Lunesdale NurSlllg DIVISions very kindly entertained Col. C. J. Trimble, c.B., C. M.G., CommisNO.4 District, the judges and all the competito rs to a very substantial tea in the Banqueting Hall.

The which followed was presided over by J

AID.-

Esq., and Mrs. Briggs presented the trophies to the willners as follows :-

The District Challenge Shield for Squad Competition:

I. Blackburn Nursing Division, 324.

2. Preston Nursing Division, 3 1 5.

3. Crompton Nursing Division, 31 3.

The Lytham Vase for Individual Ambulance Sisters:

r. Miss Parrington (P reston Nursing Division), ()5·

2. Miss E. Fielding (Todmorden Nursing DiVISion), 93·

3. Miss L. Hall (Keswick Nursing Division), 92

Votes of thanks were accGrded to the judges for their generous services, Mr. and Mrs. Briggs, the Mayor of Lancaster for granting the use of the Town Hall,Miss Garnett and the Lunesdal J.\j ursing Division, and Mrs. Hudson and the Lancaster Nursing for their generosity in providing tea, &c., and Mrs. Tweedale, Lady District Supt. No, 4 District, who organised the competition, and the boy patients.

MANCHESTER.- The seventh annual First Aid Squad competition for the "C. J. Trimble " Shield and the ., A. Howard" Rose Bowl were held on April 19th, at Manchester.

Nineteen squads competed for the" C. J. Trimble " Shield and nineteen squads for the" A. Howard'l Rose Bowl. This is a record entry.

The judges for the shield competition were Drs. Scarr, O. B.E., and Grant. The judge for the rose bowl competition was Dr. Cryer.

For the [first time an Individual competition for officers only was held for the new" Peace" trophy. This is a handsome silver casket on ebony stand with ten small silver shields round, and inscribed: -" Presented by Mrs. Tweedale, J.P., Lady District Supt. No. -+ District. In memory of Brigade members who gave their lives in the Great War, 19I-t- I 9 19·"

Eighteen officers competed, the judge being Dr. Ferguson Kerr, who spoke very highly of all the competitors, described them as a fine body of women. The test was III both First Aid and IIome Nursing.

At the meeting which follO\v,ecl, the Commissioner of No. -+ District, Col. C. J. Trimble, C.B., C.M.C., presented the pri'zes to the winners, as follows:-

The" C. J. Trimble" Shield-

1. Accrington Nursing Division, 235

2. I3irkenhead Nursing Division, 23-+·

3. Waterloo Nursing Division, 232

The" A. Howard" Rose Bowl-

1. Crompton Nursing Division, Lp b·

2. Nelson Nursing Division, 133·

3. Leyland Nursing Division,

Officers" Peace" Trophy-

1. Miss Spicer, Divisional Lady S,upt. "VaterIoo NurslDg Division, 100; Miss \Vilson, Lady DIVISional Supt. The Sefton N. Division, Liverpool, 100. Bracketed first, each to hold the trophy for 6 months.

2. Miss G. Brown,2nd Lady Ambulance Officer, Southpert,9 2 3. Mrs. Cran, Divisional Lady Supt., Salford Division, 90 ; Miss Craig, Divisional Lady Supt. Liverpool North Division, 90

Votes of thanks were accorded to the Chief Constable (Sir Robert Peacock, M.V.O.) and Chief Inspector Palmer for t,helr kindness and courtesy, the judges for their generous. the Nursing Divisions (Ma nchester Corps) for their help III providing tea, etc., for the competitors, and to .1\1. rs Tweedale for the gift of the "Peace" trophy and organlslllg the competitions.

No. 5 District.

LEEDS.-A Whist Drive and Dance was held at headquarters (V.M.C.A.) on April 6t,h, when over, 200 people were present and spent a most enJoyable, Dunng the evening Dr. Ellison, Assistant-CommissIOner, gave a. short address to those present with regard to the work on by the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and made a appeal to those present to take up First Aid and join the Brigade.

-FIRST

AI D.- May, 1921.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

The sincere sympathy of all our members is extended to District Officer A. J. Connor, who has recently lost his wife after a long illness.

Divisions have already held their annual inspections and amongst those found most efficient by the inspecting officers were he City of Dublin, Glenageary, Jacob's and Morgan & Mooney's (Ambulance ) The last-named Division, which was inspected by the Commissioner, is composed of members of the firm of Mes2rs. Morgan & Mooney, Ltd.

The 27 members on parade turned out splendidly equipped and showed themselves a very keen body of men, reflecting much credit on their officers. Mr. J. W. Milne, managing director of the firm was present

The City of Dublin, the only open Ambulance Division in Dublin, turned out in good strength. The Assistant Commissioner, Mr. W. G. Smith, expressed himself well pleased with the parade of the Unit, which does most admirable work in many directions throughout the year.

Glenageary Division was inspected by Corps Supt. A. J. MacWilliam. Much credit is due to the popular Superindendent, Mr. Page Haffield, for keeping his Unit together, and fur his never failing enthusiasm. Amongst the Nursing Divisions inspected were the City of Dublin, Kingstown, Alexandra College, St. Stephen's Green, Jacob's, Rathgay, Dundrum, Earlsfort, Naas, Blackrock and Dllblin University. The Inspecting Officers were Lady District Superintendent Dr. Ella Webb, District Officers Miss E. Blandford, Miss Poe, Miss Overend, Lady Corps Superintendent Mrs. Shanks, and Mrs. W. H. Rubinson. The parades were remarkably good, hav ing regard to the extraordinary difficulties obtaining at present.

fetters to the t;ditot'.

We in no wa)' responsible tor tke opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspendents.-EDITOR, ETC.

AMBULANCE EXAMS. ON STRICTER LINES.

SIR,-Perhaps there are few branches of learnin CT to which th.e aphorism" A little knowledge is dangerous" can be applied wIth greater ambulance work, and it is much to be thiS IS not realised to the fnl! by the various exam.mers apPoln!ed by both in examining candIdates for their first certificates and III conducting Brigade re-exams.

Ho,,:, do we the examining doctor, certainly with best mtentlOns, bllt in answering questions and al.so m their prac ical work ? This is a mistake. Ambulance IS one of those sciences which should be learnt thoroughly or not at all. If a man is not capable of performing his duties, then he should not be per mitted to hold the Association's certificate, and especially to wear the uniform of the Brigade. !he public put the fullest confidence in the uniformed Brtgade man it is esseutial that every mean s should be used to mamtam that confidence.

To this end, I wish to urge that future exams., VI hether for the cer tlfica te or for re-qualifying, should be conducted on Itnes than has been the practice in the ; and It may mean a certain diminution in the numbers of Brigade as a :",hole it would certainly conduce to the of standard of efficiency. Let us bear m mInd that It IS effi Ciency which counts, not numerical

It would be to hear the opinions of some of your readers, espeCially some of the qlder and more experienced members.

I n a review of Warwi c k and Tunstall'::; new edition in February a was made to the Thomas' splint. It be possible to publish a short article on this lI'jeful splmt m a future number of FIR ST Am, as there

are many who are not acquainted with it ?- I am, Sir, yours faithfully, FREDK. C. REEVK, JUNR.

SUGGESTIONS FOR AMBULANCE CO;'vlPETITIONS.

SIR, - I have a few suggestions would like to make to my fellow first -aiders :ega:ding ambulance and the best way to do so IS eVidently through FIRST AID.

My first suggestion is that teams who have won pri zes should be handicapped, as in other competitions. As competitions are carried out at the present time those teams who have been together a number of years carry off nearly all the prizes, beginners not having the ghost of a chance. Th is to. discourage the new teams and they give up, th us workmg mto the hands of the older teams who keep gatherin g up the pri zes, and CI eating professional first-aiders who are pampered and set up un pedestals.

If competitions are going to benefit the first aid movemen t and make for efficiency all round, the young competitors must be given a chance.

As to how they could be handicapped, there are several ways. For instance, they could have so many points dedu cted the number depending on their achievements.

Another suggestion is that no first-aider be allowed to make up the test.

This is done perhaps more often than one would like to say, and it is obvious that it is wrong in many ways. I can understand that a committee arranging a competition may wish for a certain form of competition, but I for one would flatly refuse to compete if I knew that the test was the work of a firstaider who knew no more of first aid, and possibly less th an myself and other competitors. '

Also a conscientious ambulance man would think tw ice before taking upon himself the duties and responsibilities of a doctor, which is just what he is doing when he make s up a case to test the capabilities of his fellow ambulan ce workers.

My third and last suggestion is that the division or class to which a man is attached ought to see that the members of that te3:n:' or teams do not lose financially when attendin g a competitIOn.

In conclusion, if I may trespass upon your kindne ss I venture to s'ay that it would be beneficial to hear oth e: readers' views on this subject. - Yours faithfully, G. T. FL.I:£TCHER. ------.--.-------

Grimsby Division held a sm o king concert on April 21St. Pte. C. W. Wray was awarded the Efficiency Cup ,

Consett Division held a smoking concert on Apri l 28th. A presentation of Fruit Bowl was m.lde to Mr. Cameron, also a Walking Stick to Mr. Bidwe-Il, by Mr. Heckels on behalf of the students of the class

We regret to announce the death of Dr. F. J. Burman who met with a tragic accident on April 22nd, b t in g knocked down by a motor car. Dr. Burman conducte d first aid examination all over the N. E. Railway system.

It is notified for information that the Store Departme.nt at St. John's Gate can supply a limited num ber of umforms me.mb e rs of John Ambulance Brigade at tht; follOWing pnces; Tumc, 125. 6d. ; trousers, ;£ r; cap s, (5s.; belt and pouch, 12S. 6d.; r a t ion haver sacs, 3d. ; wattr bottle and carrier, 8s. 6d.

When corresponding with Advertisers p-Iea se mentiQO "First Aid tI

TIlE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade G

APRIL, 1921.

The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Plymouth, Sub-Prior, acting on behalf of the Grand Prior, has sanctioned the following ap pointments ;-

The Chie f Commissioner has sanctioned the followiDg appointme nts, promotions, transfers and resignations ;NO.2 DISTRICT.

Oxford Corps. -Sergt. John Clement Purnell to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 5.4. 21 Southampton Corps.-Corps Officer "V. T. Fulford resig ned, 3.5. 21 Southampton Corps (S hirley Nursing Divislon ) - Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Cross resigned, 6.5. 21

No 3 DISTRlCT.

Northampton Corps.-Staff Sergt. George Thomas Hines to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 16.4 21

Langley and District Division. - Divisional Supt. C. E.

:\-Ial1ard resigned, [9.4. 21

Thornby Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs.

St. J. l\lildmay resigned, [9-4. 21 ., Corps (vVest Smethwlck DlvlslOn).-Ernest

Syd ney Dufty, L.M S.S.A., to be. 12.4. 21

Birmingham Corps ( Dentend Dlvlslon. -A mbulame

Offic er Arthur James Gaw to be Divisional Supt., 26.4. 21

Birmingham Corps ( Smith Stone, Knight, Ltd., Division ).

-A mbulance Officer John William Marshall to be Divisional Supt., 26.4. 21

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Sedgley Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon and Supt. Miss Muriel Kerr resigned, 29.4. 21

Oldham Corps.-Corps Supt. S. G. Halbert resigned,

3.5. 21 D' IS G J T k d Bootle DlvISJOn.- IVlSlona upt. uc er reslgne ,

6.5 .2 I Segeant to be Supt., 2·5·2 ! Brierfield Nursmg Dlvlslon.-Lady DIVISional Supt. MISS

I. Lee resigned, 6.5. 21 Kirkham Division.-Pte. Henry Woods to be Transport Officer, 2.5. 21

Corpl. Thomas Hassall to be Ambulance Officer, 2.5 21 Macclesfield Division.-Lieut.-Col. A. E. Cranshaw, D.S.O. to be Honorary President, 7.5. 2 -1Atherton Division.-Christopher Robinson to be Divisional Supt., 7.5.21, vice Supt. H. Baxendale resigned, 26.7. 21 Ellesmere Corps ( Little Hulton Division).-Peter Howard to be Ambulance Officer, 7.5. 21 . . . .

Denton Division. - Pte. James Wilham Lee to be DIVIsio nal Supt, 1I.4· 21 ." Warrington Corps ( St. Dlvlslon ).-Pte. Ambulance Officer Miss Annie \Valker reSigned, 19-4. 21 Foulridge Division.-Alexander \V'ylie Eadi.e, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12 .4. 21 , vice Dr. Dickey left District. Haslingdon Corps (Haslingdon Nursing Division).Thomas John Howell, Ch D., to be Divisional Surgeon, 19-4. 21 , vice Dr. ]. Harnson reSigned.

Whaley Bridge Div ision.- John Stephenson, M.B., Ch. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 20.4 21 Bolton Corps ( Daubhill Division ).-Rooert Haslam to be Divisional Supt., 18.4 2 1

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Hanley and District Corps ( Bur<;lem Division ).- Aclam Gilchrist M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12 .4. 2 1 , vIce

Dr. J. Russell resigned. Derby Nursing Division.-Winston Andl ew St. Jo.hn

M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12,4 21, vice·

Dr. G. Moon resigned.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

District Officer J. G. Vaughan resigns the Distr ic t T .r e.asurership and is appomted District Officer for the East RldlOg of Yorkshire, 26,4.21

Mid-Durham Corps.-Divisional S1lPt. Thomas George Noble to be Corps Supt., I 5·-P [

Hull Corps (Ki ngston Nursing Division ) .-Lady Ambulance Officer Marp Juhnson resigned, 18.4. 21

North Tyneside Corps (Tyn emouth Division).-Lady DIVIsional Supt. Mrs. Myles resigned, 19·-I-·:n

Hull Corps (P eel House Nursing Division).-Lady Ambu-

lJ.nce Officer Miss F.M. Ayre resigned, 18 -I- 21

\Vest Hartlepool Nursing Division.--Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. S. Robson resigned, 19·-1- 21

Jesmond Nursing Division.-Lady AmbulC1nce Officer l\Iiss H. D. Hutchinson 18 -I- 2[ Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Newcastle Division).-Lady Disional Supt. Miss E. Best removed from the Roll of the Brigade, 194. 21 East Bolden and Cleadon Nursing Division.-Lady A'Tlbulance Officer Miss C. D. Ford resigned, 15-4:2 I

No.8 DISTRICT.

Martin Scales, L.R.C.S., L.R c.P., to be District Officer for the County of Hereford, 5·-1- 21 .' Private Clifford "Vomersley to be Distri ct Sergt.-MilJo:-, 4.5. 21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Brighton and Hove Corps (H ave .Division ).-Di visional Supt. R. H. to the Bngade Resene, 8:9· 20 Folkestone DIVISlOl1 .-S ergt. Alfred VJdgen to be ::lergtMajo r, 19421 Faversham Division. - DivislOnal Surgeon Charles J o.hn Evers, M.D., M.R.C.S., to be Divisional .Supt., 30 .-1-. 21 , vice Supt. A. P. Sherwood transferred to the Bngade Reserve.

NO.9 DISTRICT

John Richard Pawley to be District Sergt.-:Y1ajor, 8·5 21, vice A. H. VV. Parker resigned. Bodmin Division.-Major The Lord VIVian, D.S.O., to be Honorary President, 1:2..-1-. 21 Harry Liddell, Esq., J.P., and Thomas Hore, Esg, .T P , to be Honorary Vice-PreSidents, 124 ,2 1

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps.-Divisional Supt. Thomas John Damant to be Corps Officer, 13 pI Ipswich Corps (Gi ppes\\'yk PI'.'lslon ).-A mbulance Officer \Villiam Charles Smith to be DIVISIOnal Supt., 23421

SOUTH EASTERN \.ND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT. Hastings Division.-Staff Sergt. George Thomas Page to be Ambulance Officer, 19.4. 21

-

FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- May, 192 I. NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named

No. I DISTRICT.

No. soN (Willesd en ) Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 21.4. 21

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Ashton (Brmingham).-Disbanded, 22.4.21

City Gas Works (Birmingham) -Disbanded,z ::q.z [ Highbury (Birmingham).-22.4.ZI

Nelson Street (Birmingham ).-22-4-2I

Birmingham Motor Transport.-22-4.21

6 DISTRICT.

Cambois.-Disbanded, 31. 12.21

Choppington.;-Disbanded, 31.12.21

Craghead Colliery.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

High Spen Colliery.-Disband ed, 3I.I 2.21

Haltwhistle and Greenhead.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

Haverton Hill and District.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

l\lainsforth.-Disbanded, 3I. 12.21

Morpeth.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

New Seaham.-Disbanded, 3I. 12.21

Whitburn Colliery.-Disbanded, 31.12.Z1

Walker.- Disbanded, 31.12 .21

North Ferriby.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

Willington Quay.-Disband ed, 3I.I2 .2 1

Rowntrees (York).-Disband ed, 31.IZ.ZI

Shildon Lodge Colliery.-Disbanded, 3I.1 2.21

Silksworth Colliery.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

South Brancepeth -Disband ed, 31. 12.21

Southmoor.-Disbanded, 3I.12.3r

Stakeford and Sleekburn.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

Stobswood and Widdringham.-Disbanded, 31. 12.21

Throckley.-Disbanded, 3I.12 21

West PeltoH and Beamish.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Bagshot and Windlesham Division.-Sanctioned, 21.4.21

No. 10 DISTRIC T

I p5wich Corps.-Correction : Corps Supt. Gooderham and not Gooderman as appeared in last issue.

DEATHS.

Divisional Surgeon Dr. Emlyn·Jones, No. 73 (Grays)

Division.-r 1.4.21

Assistant Commissioner Lieut.-Co!. C. Laurie, No. 2 District.

JAMES R. ANDRRW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V,A.D. Lawn Tennis Association.

WE would like to bring to the notice of V.A.D. readers the fact th.at a Lawn ,!,ennis Association, of which Lady Ampthill has very kmdly consented to be President has been formed, having as its headquarters, the V.A.D. Club, 28, Cavendish-square.

Two tennis courts at Sutton Court-r oad, Chiswick, has be.en secured, but and finally closing with thiS offer, the committee wish to guarantee a membership of one hundred, and should be glad therefore to receive applications as soon as possible.

We hope the association will prove a boon to the many V.A.D. members who are still working, as well as to those who are not, and that it will afford them a chance of regular practice.

A copy of the General Rules of the Association can

be obtained from Commandants, and all V.A.D. memb ers and, ex-V.A.D. members with two y e ars' service, are cordially invited to apply for membership and to send in th eir applications to the hon. secretary, Miss I. Wanklyn, 32 Sloane-sq uare, S. W. 1.

There is no entrance fee, and the subscription for the first hundred mem bers is lOS. 6d. for London mem b ers country members' subscription will b e ISS. All prosp ective members should th erefore write as soon as possibl e to the S e cretary, as there will probably have to be a limit put on the mem b e rship later on. Before applying for election however, members should obtain a copy of the from their Commandants or the Hon. Secretary.

It is hoped that a certain number of matches and tournaments will be played. The V.A.D.'s have be en challenged by the ex-Service Association of the W.R.N.S ., and a match will b e play ed during the summer, and we should like to see as much play and as many players as possible so as to be able to choose th e best and most representative team.

The Grand Priory of the Order of th e Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery 0.1 the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkmwell, London, E.C., 28th .19 2 .1.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England'-

As Clzaplazn:

The Rt. Rev. John Harold Greig, M.D., Bishop of Gibraltar.

As Kmglzts of Grace:

The Most Hon. The Marquis of Bath, K.G., C.B. Lieut.-Col. Leonard Nicholas Robinson, C.B.E., l\1.D.Edin, R.A.M.C.

As Lady of Grace: Beatrice Holdsworth, Mrs. Lancelot Dent.

As Esquires:

Captain Edward Bruce Allnutt, M.G., M.R.C.S., H..A.M.e. George Herbert Nutter (from Honorary S erving Brother).

As Honorary Servin§[ Brothers : William Heap.

J ames Dyson.

Heywood Trott. George Frederick Hewitt.

As Honorary Sel'vt'ng Sister: Adela Emma, Mrs. Scott.

As Honorary Associates: Angelo C. Bolanachi. William Frederick Lloyd, M.D. Robert Wyatt Jamie, M.B., D.P.H.

Cricklewood Division held a successful conce rt In aid of the reorganisation fund on April 21St.

May, 19 2 1.

The First Woman Railway Centre Secretary.

No centres of the St. John Ambulance Association are more important than those embracing the workers on railways. It will be that .on .the great lines the promotion of first aid organIsatIon, the of equipment and the development of personal effiCiency, are matters of extreme value particularly to the working staff. Happily it has to be ackno.wledged that on the railways of thi s country the large bodies of employees, encouraged by the directors and chief officers of their companies, are ever ywhere organised, trained and encouraged in respect of first aid work.

Considering the magnitude and importance ot the MISS CLAIRE AULT.

Ambulance Centre comprising the whole of the Western Railway, it does honour to her sex that Claire Ault, whose office is at the. of the railway at Paddington Station, occupies the posltlon of Centre Secretary.

.

She was the first woman to receive a railway appOintment of this nature She was appointed during the and it is due to her to say the four years of her work m this sphere have witnessed mos.t progress and success in ambulance work on thIS great railway system.

Comment was made in the March issue of FIRST AID upon the fact that one of the most records for last year was that pertaining to the actiVities of the Great

A I D.-

Western Centre. There was a marked increas e in the interest taken in the work, and the examination results for the whole line showed that the successful students of first aid exceeded by more than 50 per cent. the number for the previous year. In the Great Western Annual Competitions there were as many as 8 teams-34 beginners' and 47 advanced. The first year candidates who passed the certificate examination last year numbered 585, while th<3 examination awards gained in the fourteen (hvisions of the line exceed e d 2,500

The Danger of the Rat) *

THE rat carries bubonic plague. This, however, is by no means the only activity which classes him as an undesirable. He also spreads trichinosis, certain varieties of tapeworm, infectious jaundice and "rat bite fever." He has been accused of causing attacks of food poisoning, and of transmitting ringworm to the horse. He is, moreover, one of the most persistent destroyers of property known to man and ther e is not a single useful task which he performs to justify his existence. .,

Search back into the dawn of recorded history, and it will b e found that there is no age in which man has not warred against the rat. Twenty centuries before Chris.t, the cat, which is th e rat's great enemy, was a domestic animal in Egypt. The land of the Pharaohs was the granary of the world, and the cat was the protector of the the grain against the depredations of rod ents. The goddess Bast was a pow erful deity, and temples and saCrifices were consecrated to her and to the animal which she represented. The members of an Egyptian in whose house a cat di e d were required to shave their brows; and anyone who killed a cat was regarded as a murderer, and was put to death The Book of Samuel mentions the propitiatory offerings which were ordered against plague as "five golden images of the. emerods (Hemorrhoid.s) and five golden images of the mice (rats) that marred the land.

Later the Greeks and the Romans venerated the animals' which protected them against rats: They had martens and snakes especially trained for rattmg. purposes. The Indian mongoose was and is greatly appreciated as a destroyer of rodents. Throughout the Middle Ages laws were passed for the protection of cats.

The two most common species of rat are the brown and the black. While it is often held that the one is the carrier of plague, it is inter esting to note that it was this same black rat which was said to have been first known to Europe, and that it was one, coming in from Asia which virtually extermmated it.

'II Measuring about 8 inches in length, " in The Rat Problem, "not including the tall, which is usually shorter than body;. agile and stro.ng, able to run fast, jump high, SWim long dIstances and clImb al.most any object, using its tail to the with .a fur of greyish-brown colour emmently sUlted to their stealthy nocturnal habits; shy but savage,. fierce and blood-thirsty in numbe rs, the brown has, aided by an incredible fecundity, within two centun es overrun the world. . h h t

" Migrating, in the middle of the elg teent ceo ury,

May 19 21

AI D.- May, J 921

from Asia into Europe, it mEt on its march westward black rat. Then ensued a fight for life and death, which already has ended in the almost total destruction of the and less savage animal, leaving the brown rat the undisputed victor."

It was betwe en the eleventh and fifteenth centuries that th e plague first invaded Europe. There are three well-known forms of plague: the bubonic, the most common, in which th e lymphatic glands swell into hard, painful tumours ; the pneumonic, and the mic caus ed by the direct entry of the plague bacIllus mto the' blood. The latter two forms are almost inval iably fatal, and the mortality from the first is ver) high. Hcemorrhages, causing great dark spots the skin, have given the plague its name as th e Black Death.

In the four hundred years from 1100 to 1500 there were at least thirty epidemics of plague in Europe. In the fourteentQ century the disease was said to have killed 25,000,000 of Europe's 105,000,000 population. In r665 London was overwhelmed with plague, as every reader of Pepys or Evelyn knows. In 1720 l\larseilles lost 86,000 people from the plague; in 1770 the toll in Moscow was

It swept back and forth over the Balkans, and in I S03 it destroy ed 150,000 lives in Const-antinople, returning eleven years later to claim 110,000 more victims.

While it was noted during the medi reva l plagues that rats often sickened and died as the disease was beginning to gain a foothold, the possibility that the rat carri e d the infection does not appear to have been considered.

Attempts to exterminate the rat, fallen into disuse since the break-up of th e Roman Empire, were revived when th e brown rat began its invasion of Europe. The classical example of rat destruction on a large scale is furnished by Denmark wh'3re a civil e ngineer named Zuschlag, of Copenhagen, called the att e ntion of his countrymen to the enormous economic waste occasioned by rats, and also insisted upon the role of rats in spreaiiing plague and trichinosis. " He soon succeeded," said an article in the London Press, "in forming a society which had a membership of over 2,000 men of standing and known influence, and was supported by every health committee, eve ry scientific society, every rank, and every shipping firm and insurance company in Denmark." In 1907, due to Zuschlag's efforts, a bill was passed by the Danish Covernment cr ea ting machinery for the extermination of rats. The State and the local authorities co-operated in offering bonuses for the destruction of rats. During th e first year more than 1,000,000 of the rodents were killed. Notwithstanding th e fact that th e rat cannot be utilised commercially, it is good business to kill him off. Every householder is familiar with the minor depredations of the rodents. The men who go "down to the sea in ships" and those who have occasion to stock large amounts of raw materials know that the damage done by rats is serious. Every farmer knows that rats will suck eggs, eat poultry and other small farm animals, eat grain and otherwise cause financial loss. Rats will knaw through partitions, floors, gas and water pipes, insulated wires, and, in fact, almost anything that blocks their passage.

The extraordinary migratory qualities of the rat rend e r an isolated attack on it of little value. Living equally well under almost any surroundings able to swim and climb in an almost unbelievable manner, exceedi!.lgly wary of traps, shunning poison after it has once observed its effects, and willing to fight fiercely when cornered, the rat migrates singly or in bodies when the attack on it at last becomes too dete.rmined. It is said that "in the autumn of 177 2 rats arnved from the East at Astrakhan in such great

numbers and so suddenly that nothing could be done to oppose them. 'Th e y crossed the Volga in immense troops "

The second barrier in ridding the world of rats is the fact that the animals are so extraC'Tdinarily prolific. Th e brown rat produces several litters a year; and it is said within nine months one pair of rats will produce 980 descendants.

There are natural enemies of rats, of course, else the rodents would soon overrun the earth. The owl is one of the most formidable, but unfortunately the owl is ofte n destroyed by the very people whom it protects.

"It is doubtless from their ghostlike, stealthy fligh t, coupled with their nocturnal habits, their large, glarin g eyes, and th t ir weird hootings and screetchings, that th ese birds have in all ages been regarded as creatures of ill omen," says Lydckker in his Royal Natural History. "Because of an unreasonable animosity, owls are merc ilessly shot down both by the gamekeeper and farmer, but there is some reason to believe that-the latter at least is beginning to see the error of his ways."

The weazel, the pine marten, the kestrel, the ferr et and the mongoose are also deadly enemies of rats; so are certain varieties of snakes. Of the domestic animals, the cat and the rat terrier are by far the most useful; but it IS the cat which haunts the alleys and the backyards whic h is the most valuable.

The common brown rat, in addition to its destructi ve role, plays a part in the spread of trichinosis, but here it is the chain of rat-pig-man which allows man to contract the disease by eating infected pork. The flea, which is the direct transmittor of the bubonic plague from rat to ma n, does not enter into the trichinosis cycle. In cases where the check of the plague is sought, destruction of rat-flea s, as well as of rats, must be accomplished. Thus, th e public health department of Colombo in 1918 stopped t he IOdiscriminate placing of poisoned baits because of th e danger of liberating infected fleas in occupied houses (the fleas, of course, leave the dead bodies of their erstwhil e hosts just as the rats are said to desert ships which are unsafe).

The usual methods of systematic rat destruction are poisoning, trapping, and hunting with dogs and ferret s. Preventive measures include the protection of all foo d supplies in ratproof containers, the destruction of refus e, the ratproofing of building, the protection of drains an d sewers, and the fumigation of ships. San Francisco, in its great anti-rat crusade of 1907, followir,g upon the discover y of cases of bubonic plague in various parts of the city, combined the methods of extermination and exclusion with marked success.

A recent Japanese method of dealing with rats in plague-infected areas consisted in attempting to confin e all rats within a suspected territory by means of circumscribing this space with wire netting extending to a dept h of 18 in. underground, and then proceeding systematically to exterminate the rats. This drastic measure, howev er, is employed only in cases where it is felt that the escape of a single plague-infested rat might serve to start a new epidemic.

It is not probable that the rat will ever be completely exterminated. He is too univarsal, too prolific, too cunning, for that. What can be done is to bar him from our cities and our ships, from our granaries and (rom our warehouses. This can be done only with the co-operation of all the people who recognise the rat no longer as a picturesque rodent, but as a real enemy of mankind-as real a one as the bacilli of the diseases he spreads.

-FIRST

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIALFunds Competitions

DISTRICT REPORTSNo. I No.2; No. 3 NO.4; NO·5 No. 12

LETTERS TO THE EDITORAmbulance Exams on Stricter Lines

Suggestions for Ambulance Com peti tions ...

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEOfficial Brigade Gazette

V.A.D. Lawn Tennis Association

The Grand Priory of the Order of the of St. John of Jerusalem in England

The First Woman Railw'lY Centre Secretary

The Danger of the Rat

Breviti es

Prelimi nary Railway Competition

The Crossley Motor Ambulance

_ esults of the Railway and Brigade Competitions ailway Competitions

PRACTICAL POINTSDeath from Suffocation

A Narrow Escape

QUER IES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Treatment of Compound Fractures

Treatment of Calles Fracture

Complicated Fracture of Ribs

Treatment of Sprained Knee

Treatment of Burst Varicose Veins

Treatment of Asphyxia

Methylated Spirit Poisoning

Essays on First Aid

RemO\ral of Fractured Spine

Rema rks on the Official Text-Book Brevities.

IN view of the recent threat of a strike of railway men and transport workers the Home Service Ambulance Committee of the Joint Gouncil of the British Red Cross Socitty and the Order of St. John instructed the County Dirt::ctors that the fullest use should be made of the ambulances, both for the assistance of the authorities in dealing with casualties and for the maintenance of hospital supplits in the event of failure of other transport facilities. In the instructions issued as regard to the use of the ambulances in conn':!clion with any disturbances, it was requested that regard should be had to the maintenance of tbe ordinary work of the vehicles, and that such arrangements should be made for the co-ordination between adjacent am bulance stations that the least p03sible inconvenience should

AI D.-

to the hospitals and patients of the areas served. It was stipulated, with the concurrence of the military authorities, that the ambulances must remain entirely under the control of the County Directors and must not be driven by enlisted men.

Mr. E. A. Pratt's book, "British Railways and the Great War," throws some interesting light on the development and organisation of ambulance trains. Mr. Pratt points out that the experience of the South African campaign had been embodiod in plans drawn up before the outbreak of the late Wen for immediate expansion of the ambulance train service. Five ambulance coaches were used constantly from 1900 onwards by the L. & S.W. Railway to transfer sick troops arriving at Southampton from India and elsewhere to inland hospitals. Tbese were expanded to 30 fully equi pped hospital trains for overseas ambulance work. Further, by the ;;n d of the war 19 trains had also been provided for the United States Army, bringing the total of overseas ambulance trains supplied by the railways to 49. Moreover, some 24 of these trains were organised for service in England. This work was carried out by committees chosen from general managels and superintendents of the railways, the military organisation being under Sir William Donovan and his staff The story is one of ever increasing demands for trains and also of steady improvement in their standardisation.

FROM the outbreak of the war until April 7th, 19 1 9, the total number of sick and wounded received into ports in the United Kingdom and conveyed therefrom in ambulance trains was 2,680,000. These were distributed all over the country to 196 receiving stations, trains going so far north as Aberdeen. Mr. Pratt closes his excelltnt account with a short summary of tht;: ambulance work done by railwaym e n. *

Members of the R.N.A.S.B. Reserve who performed twenty-eight days mobilised service between the 5th August, 1914, and IIth November, I 918, for the award of the British War Medal, urespectIve of whether such service was performed at home or b road ashore or afloat. A man serving at home a , and on shore, provided he did so between the specIspecified dates above, and for not less than one month, is entitled to the Medal. *' *'

We understand that representations have been made to the military authorities with a view to those mem bers of the Military Home Hospitals Reserve (R.A.M C.) serving in Hospitals Home during the war, being also eligible for the Bntlsh War Medal.

AID.-

PreJiminary Railway Competition.

THE position in which the teams entering the Competition have been placed by the Judges, Major Prideaux G. Selby, O.B.E., M.R.CS., L.R.CP., of Teynham, Kent, and Kenneth H. Beve rley, M.RCS., L.RCP., of Worsbro' Bridge, Yorks, on the 22nd April, 192 T, is as follows;-

May, 192

TEST.

Nos. and 2: Card I.-:-P.atient A. is a porter who, not seemg an m-commg fast tram, Jumped off the platform to cros s the line. He was caught by the engine and thrown on the si xfoot way. The up and down signals are at danger.

Patient B., another porter, has gone to help him. but you see him sink to the ground and lie still.

You are at the other end of the platform, and even at th at distance you see blood spurting from patient A. An ambulan ce kit is not immediately obtainable.

NB.-The position of the patients is A. on his back, B. on his back, head low and turned on one side, no collar, sh irt open, about two yards away from A.

Both bearers go quickly to patient.

Caution not to attempt movement

Card 2.- To be given when patient is reached.

Patient A's right has cut to the bone, severi nb the femoral artery. his left arm IS useless and the sleeve is soaked with blood.

Digital compn:ssion of femoral artery

Digital compression of subclavian artery

Calling for help. Only one man will assist.

Sending him for appliances and to warn signalman

Value of instructions

Maintaining digital pressure on both arteries

Noting condition of patient B.

Has evidently fainted at the sight of blood and is now coming round.

Noting position of foot (Patient A) Normal

Can he move his leg. Yes

Man returns with appliances.

19·-Cheshire

2I.-Great

22.

TEA:'>I WORK.

You are called to the refreshment room, where you see the patient, from whose mouth blood is issuing.

N .B.--Patient is lying on his face between a table and c h a ir; he tugs at his collar.

M ov mg- table and chair

Enquiry as to history

Patient felt giddy, sank to the floor and vomited blood. He received no injury.

Turnin g- patient on back, head low and turned on one side

En q u1ry as to features Very white

Enquiry as to breathing. Hurried '"

Message o doctor, 3; Loosening clothing about neck 3

Free circulation of air, 10; Fanning, 2

I s patient conscious Yes

Enquiry as to pulse. Hardly perceptible, very rapid

Cold water on face, 2; Smelling salts, 2

No further stimulants

Enquiry as to character of blood...

Like coffee grounds and mixed with food. by mouth, 5 Ice on pit of stomach, 5

Covenng patient,S; Pillow under back, 3 '"

Keeping patient absolutely at rest until arrival of doctor

Reassuring patient

Doctor arrives and says patient is to be moved on a stretcher to his home, half-a-mile away

Loading,s; Covering, 5 '" ...

Enquiries about wheeled transport. None available

Carrying, ro; bearers, 4 ; Unloading,s

POSSible extra marks

May, 19 21 lfikST

The back bone, 1 Ribs, I Which rise and fall, 2 ; Breastbone, 1 ; Diaphragm, I...... 6

A muscular partitiun between chest and abdomen 2

At ched upwards 1

Arc h flattens in inspiration

How may conditions rendering breathIn g impossible be b rought about?

DrOWning , Strangulation, 1 hanging, I ; Smothering, I 3 Choking

Inflammation, 1 ; of the throat, ; Poisoning by a corrosive, 1 stmg, I 4

In haling poisonous gases, with examples 4

P ressure on the chest, ; as when crushed by sand or debris, 1 or by a crowd, 3

Pressure on abdomen will have simtlar effect as diaphragm cannot flatten

N ervous affections, as a result of narcotiC, and of certain other poisons, I collapse, I ; electric shock, I ; stroke by lightening, 6 Possible extra marks

No. 5.-The patient has been stabbed through the left

ch eek with h ce moorh;;.ge on cheek and into mouth.

P osition of patient 3

G rasping both sides of cheek 4

Pad and bandage on facial artery 5

M ild tincture of iodine to both wounds 4

D ressing outer side 3

R elaxing pressure on facial artery 2

S ee ing whether bleeding re-starts. Yes 2

Tig htening bandage, 2 ; Treating shock, 2 4 Possible extra marks 3

4

AID -

and and exceptional comfort for the patient is obtamed by the splendid springing of the chassis which eliminates jolts or road sheeks over any kind of road.

The body is built of straieht grained ash with mahogany panels. There are two doors at the back opening outwards hung upon special hinges to give full clearance for stretchers The back step is mad e to fold and IS protect e d from the mud by a protecting shield. Two stretchers ar e fitted on the left-hand side, one above the other. The top stretcher is slung and runs on a folding frame with special patent arrangement for easily raising and lowering to the same level as the bottom stretcher when placiD!! the patient in position. The bottom stretcher is turnishea with 12 in. tyred wheels (which are detachable) and can be used to run the stretcher along the floor or it can he carried up 0r down stairs. This stretcher is run in un grooves on the bottom of the ambulanc e body. It is fitt e d with a special arrangement for raising the patient to the horizontal position when the ambulance is descending a steep incline and it is necessary to avoid undue pressure on the lower injured parts. This stretcher is also fitted with specially adapted back rests at each tnd so tha t the patient can be carried in either feet or head first and can be raised by means of the back rests to any sitting or lying position.

A se""t is fitted inside to accommodate two sitt i ng patients and attendant. This seat can be folded when not In use.

Instructing man to make digital pressure on femoral (Ill which case bearer applies tourniquet ) or to apply tourniquet while bearer continues digital pressure '"

Raising limb

Pad and bandage on wound

Relaxing tourmquet and seeing if bleeding starts It does start again

Tightening torniquet, 2; Covering patient, 2

Message to doctor, 1 Written, I Character, 2

Examination of arm

Compound fracture of humerus 3 inches from elbow with cut artery.

Torniquet on brachial artery

Dressing wound

Splints, 2; Bandages, 2; Sling, 2

Noting condition of patient. On verge of collapse

Discreet use of stimUlants, 2 ; Transport, 5 '" Possible extra marks

Deducfz'ons.- Time lost by attendin cr to Patient B befo re Patient A's hcemorrhage is b N.B.-Patient 8 will get up and go away towards the en d of the test.

No. 3.-The patient has had oil of vitriol thrown in h is face. The skin is partly burnt off. A complete ambulance k it is available . .

N.B.-Patient is to hold his hands to his face.

Position of patient

Bathing- with alkaline solution, 5; Mask Cllt out 5

Mask smeared with boric vaseline '"

Applying and securing mask

Examination of hands ... Rather badly burnt. Bathing hands with alkaline solution Further dressings of hands '" Treatment of shock including warm drinks

No. 4·-Under what conditions IS natural breathin g possible? Air passages

Expl!lm the boundaries of the chest, showing how they act III breath mg.

The Crossley Motor Ambulance.

A LTHOUGH the motor ambulance had for all practical purdisplaced its horsed plOtotype before the war and had b ecome an integral part of muniCipal and hospital service, it is largely due to the diversified experience gained during t he war that the present type of ambulance owes much. of i ts interesting design. So far as the constructIOn is concerned, the present-day motor ambulance is very much li ke that which was in use six or seven years ago, but many n ew detailed ideas have betn incorporated in the internal

The following interior fittings are also provided; one water bottle and tumbler in frame; two rubber hot-wattr bottles; full set of splints, &c.; tip up wash basin (with brass or nickel fittings) fitted with necessary tank, and taps.

Resul ts of the Railway and Brigade Competitions.

THE for the Inter-Railway and Brigade Competitions were held at the Cannon·street Hotel, London, on May 2otb, when there was a gathering of spectators present. At the conclmion of the Competitions H RH the Duke of York presented the prizes. The results being as follows ;-

RAILWA Y COMPETITION.

I.-London l3righton & South Coast Railway 21 d

2.-South-Eastern & Chatham Railway... 18 5-

5.-Furness Railway... 18..). J

4.-Alexandra ( Newport ) Docks & Radway... r83 -

s.-Metropolitan Railway 177

6.- Great Central Ra1lway

7.-Cambrian Railways 15 2

S. -Great Westnn Railway

BRI GADE COMPETITION.

r.-Abertillery Division of. Wales ) 298,1,

2.-Dublin Division ( No. 12 286-

" _ West Oxford Division ( No.2 Dlstnct ) 280*

t:-Snow Hill, 3 District ) 276';

5.- Brierfield I?1,vI.slOn (No·4 Dlstnct ). "' 26 9A

6.-Victona DlvlslOn.(S.E. & I?IStJlct ) 269-

7. - Ham pstead Divi.sl?I?- (No. I :! 6 S DIVISIOn ( No. S 252

fittings and arrangements which all tend to alleviate the discomfort of the ill or injured person.

The Crossley Motor Ambulance which we illustrate herewith has been designed to embody all .the experience which this wf'll·knowD .gamed dUring the war with thtir 25-30 R.F.C. chaSSIS. It IS both speedy

9.- N ewcastle Division, (N 0: 5 Dlstnct )

IO.-Oswestry Division ? District) 236

1 -Blackhall Colliery DIVlSlC1n (N? 6: Dlstnct ) 228:k.

12.-Gippeswyk Division ( No. 10 District )

A full repurt of the proceedings will appear in our next

Railway Ambulance Competitions.

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY.

The final competitions were held at the Ce.ntral Westminster, on April 7th, when there was a fau gathenng of spectators present. The judges were Dr. N. Corbet (Stretcher test) and Dr. ]. Robins (Individual). Everyone anticipated that the Bricklayers team .would repeat their performance of last vear, but they dId not make good on the Stretcher test, being placed s e cond by the Hither Green team.

The results were as follows ;-

1. Hither Green.

z Bricklayers Arms.

3. Victoria NO.2.

4. Ashford Works.

5. Victoria No.1.

At the conclusion of the competitions Lady Cheatle presented the prizes.

PART. I.

Card No. I.-(Given to Team at Door of Competition Room behind a screen).

Early one Sunday morning you four. are practising. for this Competition 1U the back garden of a fnend who bves 1U a London suburb where the streets are composed of three storied houses without basements. You have your full equipment with you and you know that there is a hospital somew here in the neighbourhood.

N.B.-The Judge will answer any question as to what you might see, hear, feel, smell and .taste.

Card NO.2. - ( Given two minutes later to Team while 10 garden).

Your friend dashes out and says :-" I have Just seen a woman jump from the top bedroom of a house, half-way down the street. She is lying in her front :garden, and I believe she is unconscious, because she has not moved since s he fell. Smoke is coming out beneath the tiles of her house and I know that three families live in the house. Act quickly."

Card No 3.-(PlD ned to patient who is dressed as a woman in short skirts and has a wet red rag tied across seat of fracture).

The woman, who is fully dressed, has now recovered consciousness. She is lying on her right side and groaning. She complains of grea t pain in the middle of her right leg.

N ate for Judge.

Arrange enclosure to represent small front garden. Full equipment in garden. Plac e a fire-call post and a public telephone in prominent place A fragment of roof will drop IDto front garde n I8 mlDutes after alarm ( receIpt of Card No.2), with penalty of 50 per c ent. of marks earned if patient still in garden. Patient faints three minutes after team reaches her.

Immediate Action. (Pati ent faints three minutes l ater and recovers in three minutes if treated properly)

Prompt approach on patient; crow d back --. 3

Bri n g full equipment which is in garden --. 3

Ask friend get hot water, tea, etc. , prepared 3

Do not alter position encouraging worcls _.. .)

Ask patient reason for action (b edroom on fire) 3

Ask if house on fire (fla mes now throug h roof) 3

Ask if others in house (Y es, two families ) 3

Establish marked evidence of Shock in patient 3

Face (pale); pulse (feeble) ; breathing (shallow) 3

Judge says :-".Patient is now unconscious. "

Special Action. ( Half marks only if delayed).

Despatch Bearer to house to warn inmates -J.

Method of warning and general action J.

Explore burning room (report in full blaze) -+

Enquire if doctor near and available (No) -J.

Enquire site of hospital (S o yards up, then 100 down hill ) 4

Enquire for ambulance ( motor on phone) -J.

AI D.- May, (92 1.

Enquire if available quickly (somewhat doubtful) -I Des patch fr iend to fire post to call brigade '''-1

To 'p hone ambulance, hospital and police (I f Bearer sent , five minutes )

Further Action.Immediately place recumbent; loosen clothes

assistanc e of a female member of house

air freely; cover warmly; crowd back

other palpable bleeding (none)

q uire particularly for burns ( none )

leg first; expose leg fully

wound (o n TIbia) ; bleeding (pra

irregularity ( marked ); protrusion bone. No 3

DecIde treat for compound fracture of tibia 5

Detailed examination for other injuries (none ) 5

Exclude especially evidence of compression... -I

Methods of examinat io n 5 Judge says-" Patient has recovered, and IS now fully co nscious."

Treatment of compound fracture right tibia.

Wound

Deal with wound first; expose to full extent... -I

Enquire if obviously dirty or foreign body No -I

Do not touch or wash; do not raIse leg

Protect hands to avoid contamination

Apply Iodine freely skin and wound; allow dry

C over with clean, abc;orbent dressing

Apply pad on dress ing; fix with narrow bandage lightly 3

Enquire results of tre atm ent (b leeding co ntr oll ed ) -I 7. Fracture of Tib ia.

Steady and su pport leg from outset -I

Detail one Bearer to this task throughout 3

Place limb natural position; great care, without force 3

Decide treat as male, limb being exposed 4

Apply inner and outer splints-knee to beyond (oat -I

Secure with five bandages, tying l i mb to limb

Cover warmly; fresh aIr; warm drinks

Enquire results of treatment (pa tient quite com fortable )

Transport of patient.

Enquire again for doctor and ambulance (nnt arrived) 5

DecIde remove to hospital by stretcher 5

Bri n g up, and test stretcher 3

T ifting, loadin g, carrying; adjust slings ..j.

Feet foremost up hIll (50 yards) ; head foremos t down hd l (100 yards ) 6

Change bearers once when stretcher reverstd on hiJl t op -f

Care and observa tion; special care wound ..j.

Report to doctor at hospital (c ause, inJunes, treatnJent ) 4

Replacement of equipment PART II.

Bearer No. r.-(I) What do you know about involu nt ar y muscle?

P. 4o.-Present walls stomach, intest nes, internal organs

Blood vessels, and, in special form, in heart

Not under control will; work during sleep 3

Under control sympathetic nervous system 3

P. I24 .- Which consists of small ganglia, linked up by nerves

Situate on front of spinal column, along its entIre length

To control involuntary muscles and regulate vital functions 3

(2) For which fractures does Textbnok definitely inst ruct you to use padded splints ?

P. 6r.-Crushed hand; and p. 68. Crushed foot IO

Bearer No. 2.-- ( I) What varieties of jam t:3 are name d III Textbook?

P. 30. -Fixed joints-firmly jointed: face bones

P. 32.-Moveahle joints-cartilage discs. : vertebr re Free joints-skull: atlas (nodding ); axis (side to.side ) 6

P. 38.-Ball and socket ( hip, shoulder ); hinge (ankle, elbow) 8

May,

Bearer No. 3.-(1 ) What part do the Capillaries play lO the circ ulation of blood.?

P 76.- Capillanes (mIcrosco pIC vessels which. 3 . Arteries sub-divide) connect artenes and vell s... 3

P. which

Maintains and nour is hes organs and tissues 2

Blood becoming dark and impure (v enou s) :?

I n capillaries of pulmonary 2

Venous blood is purified by contact WIth aIr 2

And becomes scarlet in co lour (art erial ) 2

AID.-

station, slip and fall down in avoiding a taxi ca b He does not get up. Act as you would.

Card 2.-(P la ced on patient, who is ly ing face down. Coat should be dirty in front and sleeves, umbrella-open, and a bit away from patient-handbag and papers). The man is quite insensible. There is a bruised wound on the left side of the forehead. There is no doctor available, except at a hospital mile away.

Proceed promptly to the man

Rapid examination

Turn face to one side

(

2) What instructions of the .Te xtb ook observed before La!:: orde's method of arti respmatlOn I.S tned ?

P. qo.-Es tablish presence of defimte. cause, which 5 Contraindicates Scha fer or Sllyester 5

Bea rer No 4.-<,I} How do the a.nd syptoms pOisoning by opIUm dIffer from those of pOlsomng by alcohol.

P. S2.- With opium, sleep passes to st erto.r and coma... 4

With alcohol, sleep passe s to delmum and coma 4

With opium, pupils be c?me minutely contracted, 4

P. 158.- With alcohol, marked signs of collapse 4

P. I 52.-And tenden cy to blueness of face 4

(2) For which conditions does Textbook lOstrnct you to give alcohol freely

P. I 57.-P russic aCId and cyalllde of potasslllm pOlsonmg 10

Bearer No. 5.-\Vhat do you know about the causes, signs and symptoms of apopl e xy?

P. I45.-Apop lexy is a f?rm of 3

Due to congestIOn of bram 3

Usually found in elderly 3

Do not necessarily show signs of lOJury 3

Face is flushed, breathing is sterlorous 2

One side of body is more limp than the othe1 2

Pupil of one eye is larger than other 2

Temperature of body usually raIsed 2

If man turned over straighaway (D edu ct 10).

Enquiries as to-Circulation

Breathing shallow, 1 colour of face ( pale )

Size of pup ils (equal)

Their condition (respond), 2; (sensitive), 2 4

Examination for other injuries " 5 (Judge will inicate that slgm of Injury to be found during this exammatlOn, If It IS correctly performed).

Recognition of symptoms

Send for assistance (Judge will act as bystander).

Nature of message-Ambulance mBtenals

Stretcher, 2 waiting room to be got ready, 2

Station staff asked to do this (extra)

Proceedmg with treatment

Loosen clothing

Temporary mea5ures

\Vound covered at once, 2: Improvlsed.dressmg, 3

Ankles and knees tied together (or speCIal care taken )

Turn patient carefully on y) his "

Not raising head, 2 pnSttlon of patIent, )

Explanation to other ambulance men

Comfort of patient ( thought and care)

2 3 1 2

(

2) For what simple fractures does Textbook defin itely instruct you to remove clothes, &c. ?

Clavicle (p. 56) ; metatarsus (p. 68) 10

(

2) For what c ondition s, in the absence of medical assistance, does the Textbook definitely tell you to undertake the responsibi lities of a doctor?

P. 84.-To wash wound which is dirty 3

P I03 - To cauterise wound pOIsoned by snake venom, &c.... 3

P 106.-To evert upper eyelid and remove body 3

Provided in all ca::;es no doctor available 1

LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY.

In our last issue we stated that lh e CurZJn Street (Birmi ngham) team gained the 2nd in the. final CL mpe tition held at Manchest"r on Apnl 6th. ThIS was a rror' it should have been Broad-street team. We now pu"blis h the positions of the teams in full, with the mark ing she e ts of the compe tlt on :Team. Siretdi er Ittai'l'icl· Qlf d - Total Te sl. lIat In · I OJls (.5'26) (276 ) lfries. J25) (£35)

1. Manchester, London -r oad 121 102 } 110 3331

2 Broad Street 12 5 86 110 3 21

3· Earl e stown 3°9

4· Waterloo 133 7..J. 286}

5 Bangor 106 28 3

6. Copley Hill 111;\ 611 86 259

7· Crewe Il6} 7 2 259 82 77j q88 C astlethorpe 2571

9 Curzon Street 86 7 6 25 Carnforth 10 41 471 6'7 2[9 10.

II. Builth Road 7 6 57 75 208

Card I.-Given to NO.4, the rest of the men to ):>e abo ut the room, and not paraded as a stretcher squad). I t IS a very wet afternoon You are on duty at the ent.ran ce a town station, when you see an elderly man, who is commg to the

Removal to waiting-room

I'IIethod-

Ordinary stretcher " " (three bearers (Extra )

Human stretcher ( Other methods)

Carrying (stretcher drill )

Slings not used, 3 ; n? time 3

Resourcefulness lO dealmg With case-

Crowd, I use of his men, Use of material, 2 ; improvlsmg 3

Eecognition of

Preparation of waltlng-room

Hot-water bottles, rugs, &c.

(Deduct 5)

Careful Examination of Patlent.Head (not overlooking possibility of fractured base )

Trunk...

Upper limbs (joints tested as well )

Lower limbs ( Judge indicates no signs of injuri es during this examination).

Treatment of wound of HeadPrecautions as to-

Bleeding, 3; asepsis) 5 ; hand,

If any member .O! .the team touches &c., without sterlllsmg hands, and dressIDg, &c., is used (Deduct 10)

Prepalation of dressings,s; bandages, 3

Treatment of Insensibility-

Position patient, 3; fresh air, 2 ; warmth, 2

Blankets and hot water bottles "

Nothing by mouth whilst insenslb.le

Enquiry as to the return of (Patient recovers conSCIOusness, If conec t treatn tnt applied). .., .'

Treatment of insenSibility at same time as IDJury

Studying comfort of patient

If wet coat carefully removed,s; reasons, 3

Enconraging words

No distressing or unnecessary questions after return to consciousness

Quietness in Working

This man attempting to commit suicide has cut his throat on the left side with his ra zor, and is bleeding severely. The razor slipped through his hand and severed his right palmar a rch. He regrets his action. His wife has run out of the hou s e for a doctor who lives a short distance away.

Correct pressure with both hands tvery gentle) 3 " Give reason." Jugular vein, 2: I nter-com. arteries, 2 4

Instruction to patient re digital pressure for hand 4

Judge says from throat has ceased temporarily."

Dressing, ] ; pad, I bandage, 2 ; St. John sling, 3 7

Dressing to neck, 2 slack bandage, 2 4

Careful watch on neck, 2 : shock I 3

Bearer NO.2.

The wheel of a heavy motor lorry has passed over patient's left leg five inches below his knee. State in exact terms as you can the injuries that probably will be present and treat same. Examiner will act as bystander.

Compound, comminuted, complicated, Fracture of tibia, 2 ; and fibula, Lacerated wound of leg

H ee morrhage from

Ant. and Post. Tib. Arts

Pressure on femoral artery, .), tourniquet, 3

Tie legs together, ] ; one splint, No attempt to extend limb

Dressing and bandages- five bandages

Sho ck

Bearer NO.3.

A young lady whilst walking with you on the moors IS stung by a snake on the back of the right hand. She is alarmed, but does not suffer from shock. A small village lies half a mile away, where there is a chemist's shop, where you must ask for what you require. No doctor available.

Digital constriction, 3: ligatures (improvised) 3 6

Encouraging words to patient...

Method of supporting a patient ... ... 3

Limb low, ; warm water, carbolic acid, 2 4

Nitric acid, 2; red hot wire, fusee, I 4

Match to apply caustic 2

Powdered pot. permanganate 2

Dressing, I bandage, I, sling, I 3

Bearer No. 4·-Thepatienthasbeenstruck on the right shoulder by the buffer of an engine. On examination you suspec.t that he has broken collar-bone and that his upper-arm bone IS broken close up to the shoulder. (Do not detail general treatment. )

No pad, give reason, 2

AI D.- May, 1921.

Because useless, 2 harmful, 2 4 No small arm-sling; give reason

Because pressure on collar-bone

Support of limb

No broad bandage over tip of elbow; give reason

Because useless

Bearer No. 5.-" You are walking along a canal bank with a friend, who falls in. He is strugglIng on the surface. You cannot swim. State what you should do."

Call for help, I no attempt to jump in, I Lie down and attempt to reach with hand 2

Stick or umbrella, I coat, 2... '" 3

"You have got him out of canal, but breathing has cea sed.

The nearest cottage is a mile distant."

Mouth cleared

Clothing not unfastened

Scheefer's method of artificial respiration 3

" The face has become congested. I shall assist yo u if required."

Remove tight clothing

Unfasten braces, top> button trousers,

Pad placed under shoulder

Sylvester's method of artificial respiration

Attention to tongue, 2 friction of limbs, 1 Continue ten minutes; revert to SchC'efer's method

QUESTIONS.

Bearer No. I.-What is meant by broken back? Stat e causes, symptoms, and treatment

Fracture-dislocation bones of spine

Causes.

Direct violence.

(a) Fall on bar or uneven surface

,b) Blow or heavy weight directly on s,pu.e I nd rect violence.

Fall on head or feet

Symptoms.

Complete or partial paralysis, 2 ; below seat injury, I

Pain at seat of injury, shock, Treatment.

Prevent all movement, 2; cover warmly, 2 -+ To remove.

I mprovise fastening with coat, &c.

Broad bandage under head

Or pass number of broad bandages

Four bearers to lift; fifth if avaIlable

Short side steps to stretcher, 1 ; carefully lower, I Nothinl! further on arrival, until doctor comes Tea, water if conscious

Bearer No. 2.-Describe treatment of foreign bodies In eye?

Prevent rubbing, 2 pull down lower eyelid, 2 4 If beneath upper lid-Lift lid and push lower lid under, 2 repeat if necessary, I

If fails-(a) Seat patient facing light, stand behind, steady head against chest

(b) Evert upper lid with match, knitting needle, &c.-remove with handkerchief, &c. 2

If embedded- Do not attempt, 2 ; drop in olive oil or castor oil, 2 4

Soft pad and bandage, 2 ; take to doctor, 2 4 Quick lime-Brush away 2

Wash with vinegar and water

Treat as em bedded

Bearer No. 3. - A man is suspected to have swallo we d sulphuric acid. What symptoms would you suspect, and ho w would you treat him?

Symptoms.

Sudden: Intense burning pain in mouth, &c. 3

Mouth, tongue, lips, &c., burned and swollen 2

Possible vomiting, I shock and collapse, ) 2

Treatment.

Send for doctor, give no emetic, I 2

May, 19 2 1. -FIRST

Give oils-salad, olive, sardine, etc. 3

Give eggs, milk, barley water, 3 ; strong tea, 4

If throat swollen, hot flannels or poultices, sips cold water 2

Treat shock and collapse (no details)

Bearer No. 4.-What are the signs and symptoms indicating internal heemorrhage after a severe blow on the abdomen? Give the treatment.

Signs and symptoms.

Rapid loss strength, faintness, 2

Palor, cold, clammy skm, 2

Breathing hurried, yawning and sighing 2

Pulse rapid, weak, may disappear 2

In c reasing restlessness-air hunger 2

U n consciousness 2

Treatment.

L ay down, with head low-on one side 2

U ndo tight clothing

F ree circulation air; fan patient 2

S prinkle cold water, I smelling salts, 2

I ce or cold water to suck

I ce bag over seat of hremorrh3ge If known

P ai se and bandage arms and legs 3

Bearer No. 5.-How may sunstroke or heatstroke occur?

Give symptoms and treatment.

1. E xposure to hot sun and-

2. Exposure to great heat (stoke-hole, etc. )

Symptoms.

Sickness, I faintness, 1 ; thirst, I ; giddiness, I 4

Diffi culty breathing, ; skin dry, face flushed, 3

Pul se, bounding and rapid, 2 ; high temp. body, I 3

Ster torous breathing, I coma, 1 2

Treatment.

Pe move to cool spot, 2 strip to waist, 2 -+

Lay patient down, I ; Head and shoulders raised, :2

Fan, :2: ice or cold water, head, neck, etc" 4 6

2

AI D.- 179

and J\nswet's to eOt't'espondents.

:Jueries will be dealt with under tke following rules :-

I.-Letters containinl, Queries must be marked on the top lejt kan a corner 0/' the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, London, E. C. 4.

2.-AII Queries must be accompanied by a" Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 0/ the Journal, or in case oj Queries from abroad from a recent issue.

- The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columns, is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

TREATMEN T 01 COl\IPOUND FRACTURE S.

D. A. ( Bulwell ) :-The treatment of Compound Fracture of Femur, detailed in March issue, was very interestin g to us because in a recent competition we had a similar injury This was the result of a supposed motor-car a cc identi.e., a compound fracture of leg with artifi c ial bleedin g, the broken leg being doubled un der the unbroken and bone protruding. Having treated our case almost exactly as you laid down, we refused to straighten or appl y extension to the leg, and were heavily penalised for not doing so. We shall, therefore, welcome your critic ism

In every competition due allowance must be made for the individual opinions of the judge, just as in these columns I set out my personal views on points under discuss ion. In this instance, however, you seem to have just cause for complaint, if your statement of facts is correct, because the Tex tbook (p. 49) reads-" Do not attempt e xtension in the ca se of a compound fracture 7.Utell lit e bo n e p ro t ru des. " Ac cept my condolence.-N. COR ll ET FLETCHER.

OF COLLES F RACTLJRK

Tile Edito" invites Notes on a ctual Cases-with spet.:ial referen ce to and bad !Joints in Treatment-jor inclusion in tltis Column.

DEATH FRQ:\I SUFFOCATION.

A young I ndian met his death i,n a curious F mding the climate m thiS country very chIlly, he took to hIS bedroom one night, on retiring, a cinderpan full of from th e kitchen grate. This he plac,ed on the floor of hiS room, which was very small and con tamed no fireplace. Next mornn g he was found dead in bed, having evidently been suffocat ed by the fumes of the fire.-B.C. H., Ley ton.

A NARROW ESC\PE.

A young girl, who had fallen asleep in the of a hi llside villa, was suddenly awakened the beatmg of a vlper's tail against her face. Though ternfied, she not sc ream lest the animal should strike, and so she contmued to lie perfectly still.

D. B. L. (Birkenhead ):- The Textbook does not g ve treatment fo r Colles' and Pott's fractures. Please supply the omissions,

I you turn to pages 60 and 66 of the Text bo ok you will find the treatment required. Fortunately in First A id you do not need to worry yourself about special varieties of fra c tures of forearm and leg, or with the names of surgeons who first set out to describe them and their treatment. -N.C.F

CO :\lPLlC,\TE D FRACT URE 01 RI BS

R. N. (South Australia ) :-In the recent Inter-St a te Competition of Australian Railways we had to treat a suppo s ed case of Compli cated Fracture of Ribs, Fra c tur.e of Pelvis, and Compound, Co.mpilcated (arterial bleedmg ) Comminuted Fracture of rIght Femur. Our team was severely reprimanded by tht; judge f?r placing the arm of affected side in a large slmg (as m Textbook, p. 55 ), because, as he said, the sling would seriously interfere with breathing. I can. the force of the but why place this instruction 1ll the Textbook If It IS not an advantage? We welcome your comments.

Here, again, the individu3:1 opinions .of a judge are sure to influence his decisions and mterpretatlOn of the Textbook , more especially when consid.ers the special :-Jrcumstances of a case necessitate modificatIOn of Textbook Instructions. Such a step is justified by the warDIn g and out in the Textbook-page 21 (d ) and may have been lOdlcated by some undisclosed chans-e in your test:

Broad placed above middle of arm

No St. John sling; give reasons 3 3 4

Preserve vessel or bottle.:.......any vomited matter

Give alkalies, lime-water, whitening, chalk, magnesia wall plaster, in W"lter

Ten minutes later, when the gIrl was almost. III a state of collapse, her mother car;ne to look for her. With wonderful d iscrimination she reahsed the danger and a remedy. She p romptly signalled to her daughter remain ,still, and ran. to he house for a bowl of mille ThiS she bOiled and hurned b ack to her daughter, followed by a servant with a heavy. club. S he placed the milk near as she could get Without d isturbing the reptile and , Attracted at last by the mllk, the viper crawled away from the girl, who immediately sprang up away, whlle the servant smashed the snake's head With hIS club.- J. L. c., Tufnel Park.

If, however, I am nght 1ll surmlsmg that Judge criticises the Textbook adversely. and. says that It " Meddlesome First Aid," because It adVises a large arm-;;lmg

ISO -FtRS.'f

for cases of Complicated Fracture of Ribs, then I am at once at variance with your judge and with you who support him, and give my decision wholeheartedly in favour of the Textbook.

, If you carry out the instructions correctly and incline your patient "a little towards the injured side" (a rug or blanket 4 tImes and placed as a bolster lengthwise along ' the patIent's back does this)-then (I) the large arm-sling will S\lrport the ribs because it controls the upper-arm muscles wh,lch are closely interwoven with those of the ribs (2 ) the weight of the forearm will be transmitted to the elbow which will rest on ground or stretcher; and (3) there will be no pressure on the chest. Under these circumstances, fail to see how the treatment advocated can "seriously interfere with the breathing."

The test itself reminds me of a complicated case once set in class to a medical student, who was asked how he would a patient. His reply was prompt and conciseSign hiS death certificate. "-N ,C.F.

TREATMENT O F SPRAINED KNEE.

G. H. ( Beighton ) :-In a recent competition I had to treat a ,whose knee was "much swollen and extremely palDful If moved. " I treated the man for Fracture of Patella because the Textbook (p. 50) tell us "in all doubtful cases " to treat as a fracture. Was I right ?

From the incomplete facts supplied, your treatment appears t? me lDcorrect both fro,m practioal and competition pomt of vIew. n absence of a hIstory of " muscular action" I suspect that the was a Sprain of Knee-joint. If this be so, then the pOSItIOn of the leg-flexed or extended-is best left to the patIent, comfort controls the situation (Textbook, p, 69): E xperience proves that for the knee the semiPOSition usually give s " most ease to patient. " In view of thiS, your treatment lIligltt h ave increased the pain and been c ontrary to Textbook instructions (p. 70 ).-N.C.F.

TR E AT l\J E N O F BURST VARIC OS E VEIN.

N. S (Cheltenham ) : - -In a recent examination I was asked what I would d.o for a who, having been treated for a burst varicose velD, inSIsted on walking horr.e. I replIed t,hat ,I , would to make the patient realise th,e advlsab,lhtyof betng removed in recumbent position w,lth lower InIlb elevated; and that, if I failed to convince hlm' ,then I oS ist him-:-j)oint ing out that I did so hiS responsll;Hltty, and in face of the possible danger of famtness followmg loss of blood. Could do more ?

, No. There is no law which can compel a supposed ratIonal person to accept the adVIce uf a FIrst-Aider or of a doctor -N.C.F.

TRE I\T l\lENT O F ASPHY X A

N. S (Cheltenham ), asks method of artificial respiration should used If the patient was also suffering from broken arms. She suggests Laborde s, followed, if this failed by Howard' s method.

Personly I would favour in any such c ase the adoption of special care to the arms while turnIng the and 12rotection of each arm to a bystander If pOSSIble: It IS better to risk the broken arms tha,n t? let dIe for want of an efficient method of artIfiCIal resplratlon.-N. C. F.

Al b.- May, 1921.

a state o,f stupor from ,Methylated Spirit Poisoning, and if an should be gIven when patient has been roused and IS able to swallow.

!he great object of First-Aid with Insensibility is, "i f pOSSIble, to prevent stupor from deepening into coma" (T ex tbook, p. 128) Your duty, therefore, is to take all step s to a patient, as detailed in the General Rules of POls,?nmg (p. ISS). This done, then administration of an emetIC, when patient is conscious and able to swallow, wuu ld be but do not forget the possibility of yo ur patIent havmg ah:eady vomited ,-N. C. F.

ES SAY S ON FIRST-AID.

W. M. ( Lluyn>:pia ) points should be kept in m ind when one IS wrltmg a competitive essay on First-Ai?

,Know your subject thoroughly, make rough notes (an d if pOSSIble, a systematic scheme ) at the outset. Then write out your essa,Y clearly, distinctly and neatly, and be sure to all ow yourself to re-read what you have written! For m or e complete hmts see my E!fi cz'en cy in }<z'rst Az'd (pp. 170-171 ),N. c. F.

RE:\lOVAL O F FR \CTURED SPINE.

H M. ,( Oswestry) :- In a recent competition we had to tre at a ratlway shunter, who, while engaged coupling wagons was "buffered" in the dor s al regIOn of spine, and as the fell in the four-footway in a pro ne and WIth hIS face embeded in a pool of wa ter. What IS the correct treatment?

This test ':in old friend whom we meet year after year, though the of the danger of Asphyxia is a nove lty. F,rankly, the decls:on-as to whether or no a patient lying on hIS and suffenng from a Fractured Spine should be turn ed on hiS back- depends on the individual judge. Some doct ors prefer such cases to be ",on his face," and claim (I) that thereby subsequent exammatIOn by a surgeon is facilita ted (an <?bject of Fi,rst A,id often overlooked ) and (2) that anoth er turning of patIent IS avoided. Others, however, prefer the reverse, because say that a trained squad of ambulan ce men turn a patIent without any risk of aggravating the fr acspme. !n your. case the danger of Asphyxia ne cessItates ImmedIate actIOn, and the ltftlng of the patient with out a second's delax out of the four-foot way.

Another pomt of treatment in great dispute is whethe r or no t,he stretcher should be stiffened by means of a board. H ere you must chance the views of your judges some of who m give marks, while others penalise, its use. '

J. I:I. 19 14- 1 5 star should be kept brig ht RegulatIOns state that are to b,e one inch in length. In the case of medals WIth clasps one mch of the ribbon is to appear the top clasp, and the ribbons of the oth er medals, If any, are to be lengthened accordingly.

Proved by Results

Results for over twentyfive years have proved the value of Hall's Wine, and have obtained for it wide recommendation by the. Medical Profession-

The strengthening effects of Hall's Wine are quickly noted in Debility and Nervous And it has been found particularly useful In hastening recovery after illness.

Practitioners frequently recommend the use of Hall's Wine as a protective measure. I t increases the powers of resistance to seasonal ailments and is lasting- in its effects.

.. d ...

EX-'OO-E-' \

IS 10 me In ItS Ideal form fqr

all

X,

METHYLATED SPIRIT POISONIN G

W. M. (Lluynypia) asks how he should treat a patient in a

3' • E

held on April 9th.

Superintendent J. P. Garner, of the North wlch DIVISIOn was on April 25th with a gold by. members and fnends of the Division in recognitIOn of hIS long and valuable services as Superintendent.

MENLEY

The Leeds Railway Police secured 1st place In th e N.E. Railway Competitions.

The City of Oxford Division secured the" Freeborn 1/ Challenge Bowl in the competition

Remarks on the Official Text= Book.

By J. HENTON WHITE, M.D., F.R.C.S E.

THE Text-Book of the St. John Ambulance Association is a of what such a book should be; it is n e ither too comphcated to be practical, rior too simple to be really useful.

There are, however, here and there instructions :-vhlch are .not de!1nite. and unfortunately in at least one Instance thIs may Imperil th-e life of the patient.

L.et us ta.ke a drowning case and following the TextBook mstructIOns exactly.

W e this belo?gs. to the heading Insensibility , Class II. Wh en br eathmg IS absent-Asphyxia" (p. 13 0 ).

We .are treatment applicable to all case.s of ThIs we find includes "undoing all tlg;ht about the n eck and chest," and a careful of the patient and surroundings. If we wait to d? all thiS we shall lose valuable lives. This is evidently not by the writ.er, .for we .told that when doing s method of respIration the patient may show. sIgns of congestIOn, when we are to place the patient on hIS back on a flat surface and "remove all tight cloth: ng from about the n e ck and chest." This is already done If have followed the book instructions and done too at a tIm e when every second is of vital importance.

To tak e ye t another instance of a similar character in th e sam e we on page 140 the order as follows:- re spIratIOn by any method must be don e p ers e venngly. Succ e ss may result even after two hours."

To which methods does "either" refer? Grammatically to Laborde's, as the last m entioned and to Silvester's' but who would dream of wasting time doing ?1ethod for than a fe w seconds if unsuccessful. This IS perfectly Ob.VlOUS most people, but I have asked on several How long would you do Laborde's m ethod? and have b een told in reply II At least t hours." wo

There are other instances in the book in which a slaVIsh adheranc e to the lett e r of the law leads to f' b h w con USlOn ut t e se are r eal and so evidently not intended I to pomt them out for correction if thought a dVisabl e

yve to announce the death of Mrs. F. Roberts Nursmg SIster of th e Bulwell Nursing Division.

Dr. Highet, the M.D. 13th B e rks V H D' was marned last month to Miss G Rowsell a staff' .s, th 68 h B k ., nurse In e t er s. The Doctor was the r e cipient of a old hunter watch from the members of his detachment. g a • e

The Twentieth Annual Review, Inspection, and Com petltIOn of South-East Lancashire Corps and D' '11 b h ld S IVISlons WI e e. aturda.y, June 4th, at Rochdal e The Chief C?mmISSlOner, Su James R. Andrew Clark, C.B., C.M.G. WIll Inspect the Parade, accompanied by Col C J T' bl' C B C M G C " ... nm e ,j,. ommiSSIOner NO.4 District.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "Firest A1fCl.."

DRUMS. BUGLES. FLUTES.

REPAIRS executed on the premises in a few hours when urgently required.

HEADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a couple of hours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head sam e day.

THE COLLEGE OF

MUSIC published fo r

Drum, Flute and Bugl es. Write for List.

H. POTTER & CO

., 36-38, J,VEST STREE T CHA RING CR OSS R() AD LONDON.

E STADLISH ED IBTI -

FIRST AID REVOLUTION IZEO

Principles of Theatre extended to Workshop.

l'1-es rien : ILR.ll. THE PRI NC ESS CTTRI STTAN.

Classes for Summer Term. Tuberculosis. Tropical Hygiene. First Aid. Home uispensing. Hygiene. Home NurSing. Tropical Ailments. Camp Sanitation. Child Welfare. Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl Guides. Applied Anatomy and Physiology.

The C? lle ge e ve ry fac ility for in s tru ct ion in Ambul a nc e \ No rk 111 ltS wld est lOt e rpr e a ti o n. Th e fees a r e mod e rat e a nd M e mber s and F ell o ws ha ve th e use o f Ana to mi ca and Pa t hologi cal Mus eum s Ba nd ag in g ]{ooms, W a rd Li bra ry fL n d \Vri lin(T ]{O? I11. Annua l Sub sc npti on s : M embers £1 S., Fellows £2 Wnt e [or Pros pe ct us to th e l\IA N AG IN G SECRWrARY 56 ()uec::n Anne S t ree t , W.T. 'Ph one : Ma yfair 4652 "

POSTAL INSTRUCTION in U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC ."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A membe! Of S:J.A.B writes ;-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of mstrnctlOn receIved, have often wanted to take such courses but could never find where to get such." (T.B.) ., Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. s tamp) to MR. J: E. WALDEN, S ec., Westmin s t e C ollege (Lady Dis pe nser ec t/on of the Westmmster College of Chemi s try and Pharmac y es td 8) I 12. St. George's Road. Southwark. London. ,. J 74

OR winter S.J.A.B. long coats (women's).

Not avatlable after May. Price with postage £ 1 ISBox 23, "First Aid " Offices, 46, E.d 4 FOR

SALE.-A Surgeon s ambulance uniform complete equal to new.-Dr. A. H. Martin, Evesham. ,

THACKRAv's STERILIZED DRESSINGS are g ern1 free. Their gerrn free or sterile condition is obtained by subjecting the dressings to the action of saturated steam at a temperature of 260 0 F., and a pressure of 20lbs . under approved scientific methods.

They are packed in such a way as to retaIn their steriliz ed or condition.

They are also designed so as to reg Uire very little handlin g, this being a source of contamination. for th e mos t arranged so Cabinets containing everything necessary modern First Aid Treatment, conveniently as to be ready to hand to avoid confusiou.

Wounds heal by First Intention.

Apply

F

OR SALE.-Almost new S.J.A.A. Nurse's uniform complete, small size, low price for quick sale.-Box ? " First Aid" Offices, 46, Cannon·street, E.C.4. - -,

Price 6d. net. Post free 7 d.

NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED.

By Sidney H. Lamb.

A Handbook in a tahulated

Manufacturer of Sterilized Dressings and Complete Hospital Equipment• Contractor to the Leading Hospitals, Railway Coo's, Collieries, Engineering and Shipping Industries throughout the country.

of every description of Uniform Clothing and Equipment

FOR ALL RAN K S.

Jackets, Trousers

Great Coats, Caps: Belts, Gloves, Haversacl{5, Water bottles, etc.

Estimates and Samples on request. 16, NILE STREET, OITY ROAD, LON DON, N.l., and at 6, YORK PLACE, LEEDS 84, MILLER S"THEET, GLASGOW.

May, 1921.

MANUALS OF FIRST· AID &c.,

By N, CORBET FLETCH!. R, M.B., B.t., B.A.(\. I. tab), M.R.C.S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free IS. Simpl.lfled Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

Col. Sw lames C ntlze an and we tmdo,-se his /:ooa oj>l1t1l!n 0/ tlte hook.' -LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d., post free.

" Home-Nursing and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory.

Tltu book wondeifully smtj>lz/ies a complex sub/ect and sllould be read b I students."-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE.. val

WHY AND IN FIRST-AI D.

Third Edlllo n. Price IS., post free

" Difficulties 10 aud Treatment solved by Question and Answer.

We commend tlt,S book to Lect,:,re,>;s a1Ld Stude1Lts wlto will fi1Ld it 0/ great u>vzee. -FIRST AID.

EFFiCIENOY IN FiRST-AID.

P os t free, IS. 3d.

In Study, and Examlnlltlon solved for Senior Stude nt W,_ltout doubt tll.e U!lll ,t;reat service in tlte training 0/ tltose Tor s. wlto", " lS dcngltcd. -BR ITI S H MEDICAL JOURNAL.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIE S

Post free, 9d.

Duties SImplified Tabulated, with AIds to Memory. A mos. comj>act b,-ociture wltzc/. contains much useful i,':.formation. PRES CRIBER.

AN INDEX OF \FIRST-AID. By J. M. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, Is.8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (40th thousand). By the Same Author.

Wlth Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. Paper, 2d. HOME NURSING !N FEW WORDS. (16th thousand) By the Same Author. 14 pp. Folder. P a p er, 2d.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN Systems of Body Invaluabl·e to Students of Anatomy, FIrst -Aid and Allied Subjects. Pnce 25. net; postage, 4d.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE:

Its ApphcatIOn Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and II6 Diagra ms

By M. Demonstrator to tfte Polytecitlt ic' II6 IUus. Pnce, 15. net; postage 2d.

THE ROLLER BANDAGE. By the Same Author.

Its ApplIcatIOn Accurately Described by Words and 162 DiaD' Price, IS. net; postage, 2d. ",rams.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thuteen on Roller. Post free, 35. 9d. net. Each Diagram separately, 3d. 5,6 and 14 (coloured), 6d. each.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING

By THBKLA • Illustrated. Post free 15 3d POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.' •

THIRD EDITION

By ,-:0I. J. BLACKHAM, C.B .• C M.a" C.I.E!., O.S.O M D (I POlsonmg,. (2) IIremorrhage, Ime.nsibili ty, (4) Breathing), (5) Fractures, and Sprains, (6)Wounus, BIles, Burns,. Scalds, .Ruptu.re an d Mmor Injuries. The Series conlains all the e£sentlals of FIrst .-\Id. Printed on linen-l ined c ds 6d. nett each; postaae 2d extra a r 3 x 5 !

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS

By NOEL D. M V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P .• Fscp. cloth. 15. 6d. net; po st 3d.

JOHN BALB. SONS ltd 83-91 Great Tltchfteld Street, W:1.

C1 JAB Officers Regulation Great Coats. D k . • 0 Grey cloth, to measure, £3 JC)S QuotatIons

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by B. DALE.

No 324.-V OL. XXVII

NOTICE TO

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free: single copies 3 d • Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and sho'uld reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily for -oublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisemenls and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46 , CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· rel6graphic Address.' (' Twentv-four, London." teleph one No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

:MAY, 1921. :

Report of the S.J.A.B.

THE report of the Chief Commissioner of the Brigade for the year ending :March is to hand, and one of its outstanding features is that it records the number of casualties treated by the mem bers during the year. We believe that this is the first occasion that such figures have been 'given, and when is realised that on public and other occasions over 17 3,2 27 cases of or injury were treated during that period it :.ho uld serve to emphasise the important services the Brigade renders to the Country, and is a fact which should be k nown broadcast.

Although the Chief Commissioner strikes rather a pe!;simistic note in pointing out that there is still some war weariness in the Brigade, exemplified by the holding back of members from joining their units, with the conthat many Divisions are not up t8 strength, yet it is satisfactory to record that the present strength of the Brigade at home is 41,337-27,647 mw, 13,69 0 women. These figures in comparison with the strength at the outbr eak of warshowanet increase of 15,777, a very creditable increase considering the reaction which took place

[E"t,,,,dfdSttUtt>fCt",'Hall.]

THREEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE immediately after the war. We will admit that there is still ample scope to largely increase the membership, and we should like to see a consistent campaign promoted with this end in view, for with signs of improvement which are now taking place, there should not be much difficulty in considerably improving on last year's figures.

Weare glad to note that the Chief Com missioner calls att e ntion for the need of closer co-operation between the Brigade and the Association, one should be the stepping stone to the other, for is no doubt that the Association is the recruiting ground of the Brigade, both are parts of the Order working for the same cause and there is the need for mutual understanding. This matter is receiving the serious attention of both bodies and the Chief Commissioner is hopeful of a satisfactory solution.

The new S.E. and C.Ry. District is alluded to in the report. This District is restricted in its personnel to the employees of that line, and it has now been working satisfactorily for a year or more, without friction with the No. I, 2 and 8 Districts through which it runs. The chief point of this Railway District is that it leaves the working members under the sole control of the Railway Authorities, while including them in one of the great bodies representative of First Aid. We should like to see other Railways emulate this example.

The Chief Commissioner refers to the difficulty of carrying on the work in the No. 12 (Irish) District owing to the present unsettled state of the country, and owing to this it is being administered under the conditions that were in force during the war, and, in conjunction with the British Red Cross Society, they ,are doing more arduous work than that which prevailed during the war. We congratulate the No 12 District on carrying on so well.

The efficiency and successful administration of the Brigade rest to a great extent upon the confidence and sympathetic cc-operation of the District Staffs and the Corps and Divisional Officers, upon which the interests and welfare of the rank and file Jargely depends, and in this respect it is gratirying to be able to record the strong esprit de corps which exists.

The report of the L::tdy Superintendent-in-Chief refers

-FIRST

to the after-war conditions which have made recruiting more difficult, many of those who worked during the war having resigned, or are still war weary. The manner in which the District and other offic ers of Nursing Corps and Divisions have carried on, inspiring and enthusing their memoers, has been a very great asset; however, we look for a large increase of members of Nursing Divisions during the coming year.

South Eastern and Chatham ' Railway District.

OWING to the that the Earl of Derby frequently uses the S.E. & C. Railway mutt: to the Continent, and was of course very regular traveller during the time when his LordshIp represente d the Court of St. James in Paris it was not a surprise that when he was approached to become PresIdent of the Victoria Division of the S E. & C. Railway District, St. John Ambulance Brigade he very readily assented.

It ,not possible for his Lordship to meet the men of for little while owing to the numerous claIms on his time 10 both London and Lancashire but 0 May 4th, an inspection of the place 10 Eaton Square Gardens.

Every member of the Division who could be spared from duty was present. Looking very spick and span the men marched from Victoria Station headed by the excellent connec.ted with the railway. The outbreak of hostilitles 19 14 .lDvolved most of members they proceeding on serVIce, but It speaks. well for the energy and devotion of the bandsmen t?at It able to add materially to the success of the 1OspectlOn by its splendid musical programme.

The. Earl of motored to the Gardens where he was received hy DIvIsional Superintendent W C B k h '" an s w 0 acc?mpamed him on hIS tour of inspection Ea i Derby displayed deep interest in the bronze and s'l r medals worn by the majority of the membere seven and fo?rteen years service respectively in the S.E. & C. RaIlway Centre. These medals are ea erl sought by the ambulance men and by all g y 1 h d . appearances severa un red wIll secure gold medal which is awarded for twenty-one years serVIce with the C t I dd" en reo . u a ltlOn to the officers of the Division the R Austm Vicar of St. Peter's, Eaton S u ev. Mrs. Thompson, Mr. P. C. Hopper M B Eq are, other promlOent .officers of the Company ., and

The Vlctona No. 1 team subsequentl a realistic display of "First Aid" which t give a very by the spectators. was c ose y watched

At the of formal proceedings his Lordshi expressed hIS hIgh appreciation of the h f P u on h' b h" onour con erred p 1m y IS appomtment as President of th" D' Paid l'b IVISlOn e oquent tn ute to the work of the S E & C R'1 am bulance men durin th al way although l:-ordship !ade e that h with authorities '1' e a very much 10 m10d the work performed by the ral way men who were so close] evacuation of the k d Y assocIated With the Front. SIC an wounded from the Western

No. 1 Distric.t COMMISSIONER:

Grand of the el'd er of the ){ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglugd.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT

:The St. John .i\mbulance Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS .

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRA L. IJuly, 1921.

Sunday, 3rd.-No. 66 Division, Mitcham. Ioth.-No.67 St. Pancras. " 17th.-No. 68 II City of London. 24th.-No.70 Kensington. 31St.-No. 7I " Tottenham. "

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John' s Gate at 2 p.m.

AP POINTMENTS.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the follo w ng appointments :- Staff-Sergt. Lomas to be Corps Sergt.-M a or, from May J Ith, 192I.

SMOKING ON DUTY.

and men in of Divisions are reminded no can when on duty near Ambul anc e or patients treated away from the sta t on Special attention should be gIven to this matter.

CAP COVERS.

The Order last year, IS apparentl n known to all DIVISIOns of the Bngade. y ot White cap .covers may be worn. by Officers on public d It only when specially ordered, but Dlv. Supts. doing local du / arran.ge for cap covers to be worn by the Officers if hY thmks deslr:;\ble. ' e

DIVISIONAL PARADES, &c.

The Commissioner would be glad if and m b . h f D' em ers m c arge 0 1':lSlons who. propose to organise a Ch u ch Parade or DIVISional FunctIOn, at which it is desired th a a mem.ber of the Head.quarters Staff should attend, will in he first 10stance commUnIcate personally with the Comm' of the District. ISS IO er

PUBLIC STREET DUTY.

In view .of the amount of public street duty which usu all takes (place 10 the summer months officers and m b .Y h ' d . em ers In c arge are remm ed that decorations and medals should I be worn when specially ordered, on y

The bulk of the on duty should remain at the exact statIOn fixed by the pollee.. When men are posted in fron t of the crowd they should be 10structed not to wander ab t th road, but to keep well with!n the police line, and behfnud th : troops when troops are keepmg the route.

Every detachr:nent taking duty should be furnished wi th a stretcher and surgIcal. and. care should be taken tha t each member presentmg himself for duty has his p h perly equipped. ouc pro-

When an Inspecting Officer passes along the route ind ividual members should not salute, but should come t tion until the officer has passed. 0 at te n-

ROYAL NAVAL AUXILrARY SICK BERTH RESERVE.

The following is a copy of a circular issued by th B' d Office :_ e rIga e

!he Chief is advised by the Admiralt

!hat If there are any ReserVists enrolled prior to and du;' the late war wbo have not yet notified their inten tio n

June. 19 2 I.

-FIRST

of continuing in the Reserve under the new conditions of service, and now desire to do so, they may be accepted and allowed their continuity of service in the Reserve from date of enrolment, provided they have maintained their efficiency in the Brigade since date of demobilisation, and are within the age limit, viz., 50 years.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Attention is called to page 9, para. 1 (0) Regulations for R. N.A.S.B.R 19 12.

RN.A.S.B.R

Certain instructions regarding this Reserve have been is su ed recently by the Brigade Office to those concerned. If any Officer has reason to suppose circulars are not reaching hi m, he should communicate with Headquarters.

MEMBERSHIP FORMS.

It is noticed that Officers and M / C of Ambulance Divis ions are not sufficiently careful in submitting membership form s for registration at Beadquarters. Candidates should be between the ages of 18 and 45 years, 5 ft. 5 in. in height and of suitable physique.

R ED CROSS ON MOTOR AMBULANCES AND EQUIPMENT.

The White Cross of the Order within a circle carrying the words" St. John Ambulance Brigade," must be substituted for the Red Cross of Geneva on ambulance cars or material the sale property of Corps or Divisions of the Brigade. (See Brig ade Order No. 397).

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publiCliti on of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

POST OFFICE AMDULANCE CORPs.-A most successful reviv al of the annual meetings, suspended during the war, for the presentation of the prizes and awards gained by the me mbers of the Post Office Ambulance Corps (men and wom en) took place at the King Edward Building, G.P.O., E.C., on the 30th May. The Postmaster-General attended at this his first official function since appointment. H. H. Prynne, Esq., C.B.E., D.S.O., F.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.RC.S., the Chief Medical Officer of the Post Office and President of the Corps, took the chair, supported by Charles C. Sanderson, Esq., Cont roll er, London Postal Service. Many other distinguished VI" t ors were presen t.

Dr. Prynne in opening the proceedings referred to the ohjects and aims of the Post Office Ambulance Corps. It prov ided the whole of the personnel for the (London Post Offi ce), No. 28 Nursing Division, and the 58th (London Post OfU ce) Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The me mbers not only rendered first aid in upwards of 2,500 cases in the London Post Offices, but had turned out on public duty on 20 occasions during the past year.

The Postmaster-General then distributed the following awa rds of the St. John Ambulance Association to the successful candidates :-1 5 Labels; 30 Pendants; 14 Medallions; 19 Vouchers; 65 " First Aid" Certificates; 8 Home Nursing Certificates.

The Post Of5ce Ambulance Corps Challenge Shield and Me dals won by Mr. A. F. Hall's team N.W.D.O. Branch (Mr. Hall also gained the Corps trophy and medal for individual wor k), and four Certificates gained for Air Raid duties were awarded to: - Messrs. Alexander, Paddington D.O.; W. Champ'ness, Mount Pleasant; G. W. Farmer, Mount Pleasant; J. West, N.D.O., were also presented.

The Women's Trophy and Medals won by Miss Drewe's tea m, G.P.O., South Branch (Telephones).

Mr. Sanderson (Controller, London Postal Service) in Wishing every success and prosperity to the future development of the Corps also urged those who were interested to take an i\ct ive part in this excellent work.

AID. -

No. 3 District.

-:A series of competitions between teams representmg the vanous Divisions of the Birmingham Corps has taken place during the winter.

The earli er rounds were judged by non-medical officers selected for the duty by the corps staff and officers. The first teams were examined by the Assistant Commissioner Corps Surgeon W. E: Parsey on May 29th, with the following resl11ts !fIll ( G. W. Ry.) Division, 276i points. 2. MetropolItan 244 l . Division, 20 5.

The competitIOns have eXCited much interest and increased of good fellowship between members of the Brigade 10 Blrmmgham.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

The competition for the Women's Individual Challenge Cup, St. John Ambulance Brigade ( Irish District), presented by Lady Arnott, D.B.E., J.P., was held on May 21st, at Brigade Headquarters, 40, Merrion-square, Dublin.

There were 22 competitors, the winner being Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Gladys Rowlette, St. Stephen's Green Nursing Division; second, Miss Eleanor Summers, Harcourt Nursing Division; third, Miss Mai Lennon, Kingstown Nursing Division.

Dr. C. Burnett Scott, Miss Patterson (Adelaide Hospital), with Lady District Officers Miss Muriel Po e, M. B.E., and Miss Overend acted as judges. The officers in charge of the competition were: -Lady District Officer Miss E. F. Blandford, Lady Corps Superintendents NIrs. Shanks, Mrs. W. H. Robinson, and Mrs. R. H. Keatinge.

The competition for the Men's Individual Challenge Cup, presented by District Surgeon Seton Pringle, F.R.S.C.I., was held on 1st and 9th June, at Headquarters, 40, iVIerrion-sguare, Dublin. The judge in the final he'lt being Dr. F. de B. Pim, Assistant Commissioner, NO.4 District.

There were 41 compeittors, the winner was Sergt. H. McCambley, City of Dublin Ambulance Division. Those who qualified for the final heat were Sergts. J. Gully, J. Crozier, P. J. Cassidy, H. McCamley, F. Bowtell, L.-Corpl. J. Cushen, Ptes. J. Killeen, P. Nicolson,

The officer in' charge of the competition was Assistant Commissioner W. G. Smith, O.B.E., assisted by Corps Supt. A. J. McWilliam, Supts. F. J. Horne, J. S Smurthwaite, Chas. Keating-e, J. L. Keogh and others.

The annual inspection of Messrs. W. and R. Jacob and Co. Ambulance Division was carried out by jDistrict Officer A. L. B. Moore early in May. The turn-out was remarkably good, there being 40 on parade. After the inspection the contest for the Divisional Shield was held for whi ch 5 teams competed, the test case being based on a likely factory accident, the names of those composing the winning team being Sergt. Keogh, Ptes. Nicolson, Harwood, Costello, Griffen, gaining 211 marks out of a possible 300

A large number of visitors were present, the tea being provided under the direction of Lady Supt. Miss Barrington with the members of Messrs. W. & R. Jacob's Nursing Divi · sion

In the competition for the Dewar Challenge Shield and Symons Eccles Cup, held in London, the team representing the District, secured second place, winning the Symons Eccles Cup.The names of the team were :-Officer-in-Charge, Ambulance Officer J. P. MacNamara; Privates Nicholson and J. Killen, T. Crowley Sergeants, Keogh and J. S. Cro zier (substitute).The Cup was formally handed over to the Commissioner, Sir J. Lumsden at the annual competitions, held on IIth, by the Officer-in-charge of the team We sure. success will do much to encourage enthUSiasm m the DistriCt.

The annual district competitions were held in the grounds of Merrion-square on Saturday afternoon, June 1 nh.. The The Dublin Ambulance Challenge Cup.-1St, City of Dublin Division A team; 2nd, W. & R. Jacob & Co.'s Division, A team ; Morgan Moony & Co. s Division.

The Irish 'Vomen s Challenge CUp.-lst, Harcourt Nursing Division 2nd, St. Stephen's Green Nursing Division.

-FIRST

The Novices CUp.-lSt, Messrs. W. & R. Jacob & Co .'s N. Division, A team; 2nd, Messrs. W. & R. Jacob & Co.'s N. Division, B team.

The Middleton - Curtis Challenge CUp. - Ist, Messrs. W. and R. Jacob & Co.'s N. Division, B team.

In spite of the conditions prevailing in Dublin at present there was a remarkably good turn out, and at the conclusion of the competitions the c ups and pri zes were presented by the Rt. Hon The Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. The Rt Hon. Sir John Ross, Bart. proposing a vote of thanks to the Judges.

Mrs. Charles Keatings, with the members of the Clontarf Nursing Division organised a splendid tea at headquarters, while Miss Whitehead, with the members of the South Co. Dublin Nursing Division and Miss Minnie FitzGerald presided over a Refreshment and Flower tent in the grounds.

The District Ambulance League Competitions for the Commissioner's medal, which has been running for several months was concluded early in May, the winning team being Messrs. W. and R. Jacob and Co.'s Ambulance Division, Supt. J. S. SmurthwaitE'. The c ompetition called for much enthusiasm and was very keenly contested. The secretary and organiser of the League was Corps Supt. A. J. McWilliam.

Miss Kathleen Cox, who has acted as Assistant Secretary to the District for almost years, was on the 9th June preWIth a SIlver tea servIce and gold travelling clock from ber frIends and colleagues of the District and the British Red Cross Society.

Miss Cox is to be married on the 14th inst. to Captain Pollard, M. B.E., of the M inistry of Pensiorls, Orthopcedic Hospital, Blackrock, Co. Dublin.

.M iss. Cox , who will greatly missed a t Headquarters, carnes WIth her the best WIshes of all her friends for her future happiness.

A Small Ambulance Station.

RECENTL Y we hav e had several inquirits as to the cost of a small ambulance station which could be placed in th e cent.re of a town and thus always be available for public service

We have approached a large firm who manufacture portable buil?ings and they have got out a design which is shown hereWIth and which in our opinion admirabl e meets the requirem e nts.

The construction of this building is of the simplest character, all the walls floors and roofs are in panels of a size handled by two men, they are of a standard size and interchange able, so that any buIlding can be lengthened or shortened with the ease and speed or any two may be joined together when reqUIred.

A I D.- June, 1921

joisting with J!D. tongued and grooved Flooring eac h panel to be s e cur e d at each corner into Floor Bind e r with scre ws and brass cups.

T/Va ll Fra?1Zing.- The Wall Framing to be about 5 ft. wide, consisting of 2 X 2 framing, covered ext ernally with weather-boarding and internally with ! in. tongu e d, grooved and match boarding, secured in position by i in. fillets secured to intermediate frame a nd to floor.

Roof Cove ring .- The Roof Covering to be of i n. Boarding, tongu e d, grooved and beaded, covered ext ernally with "Rok" or similar quality (elting, supported on 3 X It wrot and framed panels in similar width to wall pan e ls, but secured to each other and roof binder wi th three i in. bolts on each side.

Interm ed ia te Fr am es - The Inte rmediate Frames to be made in one fram e, consisting of 2 x 6 wrot rafte rs halved and bolt e d to 2 X 6 wrot posts, in turn b)lted t o 2 X 6 Floor Bind e r, the full width of building The raft ers to have in iron ti e and king rods, with L-iron strut s, crown plate, and bolts complete. Fillets to be secured t o each side of the Posts and Binder for the reception of th e panels.

Windo w s -Provide windows in sides of building in two heights fix e d at bottom, hung to fall in at top, wi th n e cessary fittings and glazed with either clear glass or Hartley's rough rolled plate

Doors.-Provide and fix where directed, ledged an d braced doors, with lock and all necf ssary fittings.

Paintin/{.-Coat the whole of the wrot woodwork e x ternally and both sides of doors and windows with one coat of .wood preservative. Iron ti e rods to be paint'7 d in o il paint.

The for this building is £116 for If an y Corps or DIVIsiOns who are cont e mplating having such a station communicat e with us we will put them n touch with. who will also be pleased t o quote a pnce mcludlng complete equipment.

When co,rresponding with AdverUsers p'lea,se menuon First Aid"

June, 19 2 FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE aAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

MAY, 1921.

The Chi e f Commission e r has sanctioned the followiug app ointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES S CORPS )

No. 48 ( Grays ) Division. -Ada Ellen Harvey to be Lady Div isional Supt., 19.5 21

Julia Gwynne to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 19.5. 21

No. 3 ( Wernbley ) Nurs ng Ambulance Officer Maude EllIS Duli g all to be Lady DIVISIOnal Supt.,

23. 5. 21 No. soN ( Willesden ) Nurs ng P ivision. - Mr s Jeru s ha

Dav idson Richardson to be Lady DIVISIOnal Supt , 24. 5. 21

Ethel May Rooff to be Lady Offi cer, No. 19N (New Cross ) NurSIng Dlvlslon.- Llly Rivers to be Lady Ambulance Offi cer, 25.5. 2 1

Clara Eltza Bridger to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 24.5 21

Fulham Nursing Division. - Lady Divisional Supt. Miss

W Illiams re:::.igned, 6.6 21

No. 35 (Westminster ) Dlvlslon .- Lady DIVISIonal Supt.

'\1r s. McKenna res igned, 17· 5.2 I

Prince of Corps.-Staff-Serg t. John Lomas to be

Cor ps Sergt.-Major, 11.5. 21 No 53 ( London Post Offi c e ) Division. -D iv isional Surgeon

Dr. Coode-Adams resigned, 20. 5 2

Divisional Surgeon Dr. Bashford res igned, 12.2 21

No. 53 (Watford ) Ambulance and No. 1 2 ( Watford ) Nurs109 DivislOns. - The Rt. Hon. the Earl of C larendon to be Ho norary President, 14-4.2 I

NO .2 DISTRICT.

Bath Nursing Division.- Divisional Surgeon Preston K ing resi gned,17·5·21

lJames Francis Blackett, M.D., D.P.H., to be DIVISional Su rgeon, 14.5.21

Southampton Corps ( Shirley NurSIng Dlvls!o n ).-AmbuSis ter Sabina Mary Gordon to be Lady DIVISional Supt., 29 -4. 21

Southampton Corps ( Calr.rlOre Nursing Divis ion ) Ambu-

lan ce Sister Sarah Ann TImson to be Lady Ambulance Offi cer, 14.5.21

N o. 3 DISTRICT.

Divisional Supt. George A. Browne to be District Officer for Leicestershire, 14.5 21

Birmingham Corps ( Kynock Dlvlslon ).-Staff Sergt.

Ja mes Henry Baguley to be Birmingham Corps ( Bourn vIlle DlvlsJOn ).-Ambula nce Officer John Parrish t? .be Supt., 11.5. 21

Leighton Buzzard Dlvlslon. - Dlvlslonal Supt. H Folmer re signed, 17.5.21.

Birmingham Corps ( Mitchell & Butlers Dlvlslon ).-DIVIsi onal Surgeon H. Whittome resihned, 17.5. 21 North Leicestershire Corps ( CoalVille lJIVlslon ) - Sergt.

Dudley and District Corps ( Tipton Nursing Division ).Miss L. R. Golds to be Lady Divisional Supt., 10-4.20

Ambulance Sister Miss Fanny Tomkins to be Lady Am bulance Officer, IO-4. 20

Harold C. Brown, M.B Ch.B., M.R C.S., L.R.c.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, IO·4 20

Birm ingham Nursing Corps ( Harborne N urs ing Divis ion )

-Lady Ambulan ce Officer Mrs. M Lowe transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 20 5. 2 1

L a dy Div is ional Supt. Miss Hugh Smith transferred to the Br igade Reserve, 16. 1.20

B irmingham Nursing Corps (Y .W.C. A Di vision).- Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs Hawkins transferred to Bri gade R eserve, 23.5. 21 )

B irmingham Corps ( CIty DIVIS Ion .-Dlvlslonal Supt. W. A. Twine transferred from the C ity Gas D ivision, IO. 6.2 I

Birmingham Corps (West Smethwick Div is ion ) - Div isional Supt. J. C. Cr ipps transferred to the B rigade Reserve, IO 6 21

Ambulance Officer A Chall inor transferred to the B rig a de Reserve, 106.21

Corpl. Charles Fruin Cripps to be Ambu lance Officer, 11.5. 21

Birmingham Corps (Sm It h, Stone and Km g ht D IVISIOn ) -Private Frederick Hamilton to be Ambulance O ffi c er, 7·6 2I No. 4 DISTRICT.

Liverpool Corps (Sefton Nursing Division ) - Ambul a nce Sister MISS Blanche Am y Pearce to be L a dy A m bulan c e Officer, 14.5. 21

Liverpool Corps.- C orps Supt. F. Tob m reSI g ne d, 10. 6.21

Preston Co-operative Nursing D iv is oll. -A mbulan ce Sister Jane Dunbar to be L a dy Divisional Supt., 2 1.42 1

Ambulance SIster Annie Sanderson to be La d y Am bulan c e Officer, 2 I. 4· 2 1

Chester Nursing Division. -Ambul a n c e S is ter Cons t ance Dickson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 18.4. 21

Ambulance Sister Margaret E. D ic kson to be Lad y Ambulance Officer, 18.4. 21

Rochdale Ambulance Division. - John Rodley Slack, M B Ch.B to be Divis ional Surgeon, 14. 5. 21

Brierfield N ursing D iv s on -Ambul a n c e Sister M rs.

Sarah Shepherd to be Lady D visional Su p t. +5 2 1 , vice M iss

Lee resigned

Stockport Division. - Thomas Benbow Picker ing to be Ambulance Officer, I 7·}2I

Poultvn-Ie - Flyde Division. - Sergt. Henry G ardner to be Ambulance Offi c er, 31.5. 21

Lancaster NurSIng Division.-Alice Toppin g to be Lady Ambulance Officer, II·5·21

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner A B. Gibson resi g ned , 2. 5. 2 1

Cleethorpe and District Divis ion.-Pte. Will am Thomas Sanderson to be Ambulance Offi c er, 29.4. 21

Burton-on-Trent No. 2 D vision.-- Ambulance Offi cer

William Robert Thompson to be Div,isi on a l 2. 5 2 1

Denaby Main Corps -Pte WIllIam StIll to be Corps

Officer, ) b I

Denaby Main Corps DIVISIon .-Am u ance

Officer Walter Wilkinson to be 9·5·21

Denaby Main Corps ( Goldthorpe Dlvls lon ).- Pte Edwm

We give a detail e d specification of the material used.

.5Jteep ers.-To be in X 7 in. fir creosoted.

- To be in panels all panels to be Similar and to be of 3 X Ii framed

E dward Henry Green to be Officer, 13 5. 21

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Wmchester House Nurs!n g

D ivision) -Ambulance SIster Teresa Bowyer to be Lady DIVISI onal Supt., 2.5. 21

AmbUlance Sister Dorothy AlIce Sugden to be Lady Amb ulance Officer, 2.5. 21

Henry West to be Divisional Supt., 9.5. 21

Grimsby Division.-Ambulance Officer Walter Gott to be Divisional Supt., 15·-pI

Cleethorpes and District Division.-Sergt. James Padd lson to be Divisional Supt., 29 -4·'21

Leeds Corps ( Central Nursing Division ) -Lady Ambu-

-FIRST

- FIRST AID &: THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. 1une, 1921.

lance Officer Jenny Lascelles to be Lady Divisional S 25421 upt.,

No. 6 DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. Capt. William Handyside to be District Officer, 25.5.21

Whitb.urn Colliery Nursing Division.-Miss Mary Holland to be Nursmg Officer, 11.5.21

Supt. Mrs. E. Hopkinson resigned, 17.5.21

Corps (C barlaw and Sacriston Collieries Co. Officer James Henry Thomas to be DIVIsIOnal Supt., 27.5.21

North Durham Corps.-Corps Supt. A. Payne, M.B.E., transferred from the North Tyneside Corps to take charge of the North Durham Corps.

Surgeon D. M. Miller, O.B.E., of the late Felling and DistrIct Corps to be Corps Surgeon.

Corps Officer Booth of the late Felling and District Corps to be Corps Officer.

Ashington Coal Co. Corps (Pr eistman Nursing Division).

-Lady Officer Mrs. Isabella Booth, A.RR.C. to to be Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt., 7.5.21

Ambulance Sister Margaret Thain to be Lady Ambulance Officer,7·S·2 I.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner Bullock gran ted 12 months' leave of absence (rom 22.5.21

Lady District Supt. Miss R. Weigall M BE resl'gned

17.5. 21 , ,

.

Lady District Miss A. Clemente resigned, 27.5. 21

Canterbury DlVlslOn"-J oseph Bethel Daniel to be Divi· slonal Supt., 14.5.21

and Hove Corps.-Corps Surgeon Duke left the DiStrIct, and therefore removed froni the Roll of B' d Officers,20.5. 21 nga e

Brighton and Hove Corps (Hove Nursing Division)-

Lady Offic er Miss Alice Mary Field-Comber to 'be Lady DIVISional Supt., 2.5.21

b Guilford Corps.-Ambulance Officer James William Lamert to be Corps Officer, 6.6.21 •

NO.9 DISTRICT.

B City of Division.-Charles Newton Lovely, M D .S., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 8.5.21 .,

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps (Firs t Division ) -Ambulance Officer

Charles Flddy to be Divisional Supt., 30.5 .21

IpSWich Officer J. W. Rice resigned, 25.5.21

Ma:ch Dlvlslon.-Supt. Capt. W. Goodley withdraws his reslgnatl.on of 16.}20, and is granted leave of absence from that date untIl 30.6.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Tonbridge Division.-Sergt. Robert Agnew to be Ambulance Officer, 12.5.21

Orpington Division. - Alfred Tennyson Smith M D M B

C.M., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.5. 21 ' ., NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :

NO.1 DI STR ICT.

No. SIN (B lackheath ) Nursing Division. - Sanctioned

3·5·21

No. 35 (Westminster ) Nursing Division.-Disbanded

17.5. 21

No. 3S ( Fulham ) Nursing Division.-Disbanded 17.5. 21

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Leighton Buzzard Division.-Disbandecl 17.5. 21

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Bradford Corps.-Sanctioned, 17.5.2J (Bradford Tramways Division.) (Eccleshill Division.) (Bradford Midland Railway.)

Tramways Nursing Division.) Division.)

Silverdale Dlvlslon. - Sanctioned 1 I. 5.21 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Durham qorJ?s.-Sanctioned 17.5.2

Fellmg and DistrIct Corps.-Disbanded 17.:.21, an d embodied in N. Durham Corps.

Main Division.-Disbanded 17.5.21

Band Division.----:-I?i.sbanded 17.5.21

Headquarters DIVISIon re-named Felling Collie ry DlvlslOn.-17·5·21

DEATHS.

Officer J. O. Vaughan, No.6 District, 17.5.21 !?lvlslOnal Supt. A. B. Moore, Bath City Division ( No. 2 Dlstnct ), 27.5.21

J. Rubbatham, Shrewsbury Railway Di vision (N o.7 Dlstnct), 5.6.21

JAMES R. ANDREW (Colonel), ChIef Commissioner.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell. London, E.C., 4th fum, I92f.

T.he King h.as graciously pleased to sanction th e folIowmg promotIOns tn, appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England'-

As Knight of fustict (from Knight of Grace) : The Earl of Durham, KG " P.C., G.C.V.O. As Chaplazn,'

The Very Rev. William Foxley Norris, D.D., Dean of York.

As Knights of Grace,'

Frank Edv.'ard de Beeho Pim, L.RC.P.I. (from Honorar y Associate).

Harold Stuart, KC.S.!', KC.M.G., K.C.V.O. Sir Aston Webb, KC.V.O., C B.: P.RA.

As Ladies of Grace.

Mabel Francis Elizabeth, Dowager Countess of Airlie Kate, Mrs. Lewis, O.B.E. . As Esquires,'

Alexander Finlay Smith.

M.artin (from Honorary Serving Brother).

RIchard DaVid Thomas, L.RC.P., L.RC.S.Ed.

As Honorary ServinK- Brothers,' William John Ballard.

John Mervyn Bond.

George Clemett.

John Harris Davies.

Albert J ames Esmond.

Henry Evans.

Evan David Jones.

Samuel Jones.

Lieut.-Colonel Charles_Octavius Parsons M.R.C S L C P RA.M.C. , , ., 0,

George John Rowlands.

Thomas Thomas.

David Williams.

As Honorary Servin u Sister: Francesca Christine, Mrs. Duncan Violet Theresa, Mrs. Froom.

Id a Ver non, Miss. Stephen. Eli labeth, Mrs. Bickerton Edwards. Lor na Evelina Benmore, Miss Helliar. Mary Isabella, Miss Rutherford. Ad a, Miss Seyill.e. Mary Ann PrISCilla, Mrs. Tyndall. As Honorary Associates.

Maj or Eric Gerald Gauntlett, C.B.E., D.S 0., F.R.C.S., R.A.M .C.T.

Th e Rev. Bousfield Swan Lombard, C.B.E

Er nes t Mansford Knowling, M.B., M.RC.S.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

D Uld NG May 24 V.A.D. Nursing members were posted to th e Min istry of Pensions Hospitals.

Applications by ex-Service women for free passages in cor nection with the Society for the Overseas Settlement of Bdds h Women number 1,082.

Pending the opening of a Convalescent Home by the Jo m t Nursing and V.A.D. Services Committee of the U nited Services Fund, the Welfare Department continues to o lace V.A.D. members in Convalescent Homes when it is p os sible to obtain vacancies. The B. R C.S. CompasSlOn ate Committee renders this possible by grants of vari ous amounts according to the need of th e members in qu .s tion. · While this arrangement is just possible durirJg tb'" sum mer months it will not be possible later to find ac';o mmodation for the number of cases which may be exnected.

The V.A.D. Ladies Lawn Tennis Association ar Ll ou nce that the courts at Sutton Court-road, Chis wick, at no w open for daily play. Full details with regard to j Cul') ing the Association can be obtained from the Secretary, N iS S I. 48, Sloane-square, S.W.I.

We regret to announce the death of Mrs. Mildred St Clair Shields, Middlesex 6, which occurred on January 5th , 19 2 1. This lady had served as a nursing member fre m 25.5.15, to 14.1.20, and gained one Scarlet Efficiency Stripe.

We have also received news that Miss Eleanor King, D'l bli n 12, has recently died. This lady did excellent serv ice in England, France and Salonika.

G.S. V.A.D. member, Miss Lena Desmond, Kent p ,ser ve, who served in England and France, died of consum ption after a long illness.

East Anglian Competition.

A a lapse brought about by the war the East

An glia n Cup was again competed for this month at Ips wich, but the restricted transport facilities made it d m btful if teams would be abl e to attend.

The duties of jUd!!ing were divided, that of the oral wor k being taken by Dr. W. F. Fryer and Dr. S. O. Eades, t wo enthusiastic ambulance men, and Dr. J. F. C. Hossack ( D e puty Commissioner) and Sergeant-Major Paulizky, of the R.A.M.C.

The results were as follows :-1, March G.E.R.,82 poi nts oral 9 77 stretcher, percentage 79i; 2, Cambridge G E.R., 80 and 71, percentage 75 i; Ipswich G E.R., 7 2 an d 66, percenlage 69; 4, Cromer, 68 and 69, percentage 5, Orwell Works, 6T and 75, percentage 68 Gippeswy k, 58 and 71, percentage

Leicester V.A.D. Competition.

THERE were seven Leicestershire V.A.D.'s competing for the Rose Bowl presented by the County Director, Mr. A. W. Faire, C.B.E.

The items for which each detachment had a. team were :-Drill (Judge, Major C. M. Serjeantson, O.B.E.) Sheet Changing (Judge, _ Miss Mearns); Triangular and Roller Bandaging (Dr. Sevestre); Pulse Taking and Respiration (Dr. Mac Elwee); Thermometer Reading and Chart Marking (Dr. Allen).

Considerable enthusiasm and smartness were shown by the entrants. Many of the competitors wer e wearing colours denoting service.

Detachment No.8 had won the coveted trophy for the past two years. They were, however, this year beaten by Detachment NO.4 (Miss M. Arculus, Commandant), with 90 marks out of a possible 128; Detachment 2 (Miss Stanyon), 89, second; Detachment 30 (Mrs. Stewart), 88, third ; Detachment 8 (Mrs. Taylor), fourth and Detachment 32 (Miss Flint), 87, fifth.

Mr. A. W. Faire spoke of the importance of t he competitions in bringing mterest and new members to the different detachments. He hoped that during the summer they would be able to have a garden fete at the headquarters or some similar event to bring before the notice of the public the importanc e and usefulness of the V.A.D.

Death of a Well=Known Hull Ambulance Worker.

WE regret to reconl the death of Mr. John Oliver Vaughan,- who for nearly 30 years was a prominent figure in the Hull Corps of the No. 6 District.

Since 18 92 he had been an active member of the Executive Committee of the Hull Centre, S t John Ambulance Association, and was vic e- chairman and chairman of the H e adquarters Committee.

He held many offices in the brigad e, and was district treasurer to the time of his death.

At the time of the South African War he took an active part in training men for the hospital servic e but prevented from going by the outbreak of small pox. hIS duty lying here.

At the outbreak of the great war hIS services were called for to train men for the Royal Army Medical Corps, of which unit he held _ the rank of staff -sergeant.

A call coming for a sanitary officer for Boulog ne , h.e offered his services, and was highly comm e nded for hIS work there.

Among the hnnours and d ecorations given to him were the St. John Service Medal, two stars ( 2 5 years). Territorial Service Medal, Hon. Servmg Brother Order of St. John. King George Coronation Medal, 19 1 4 Star, and Victory Medal.

The funeral took place at Hull N orthern on May 17lh , wh en represetativ es of the Munclpal Authorities and Brigade were present. The coffin was covered with the flag of the Order, and each worker carried a sprig of St. John wort, whIch was dropped into the glave as the mourners filed past.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIALReport of the S.J.A. B.

South-Eastern and Chatham Railway District.

DISTRICT REPORTSNo. I NO.3; No. 12

A Small Ambulance Station

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEOfficial Brigade Gazette ...

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England

V.A.D. Notes and News

East Anglian Competition

Leicester V.A.D Competition

Death of We ll-knowlI Hull Ambulance Worker Brevities

The Inter-Railway Shield, the" Dewar)J Shield and "Symons Eccles)) Cup Competitions ... ' ... Inspection and Review of South-East Lancashire C and Divisions orps

It is officially stated that between August 4th, 1914 and JanuarY.lst, 1920,159 fully-trained nurs e s and 14 I Voluntary Aid Detachment nursing members died wh 'l • 1 e on serVIce with Imperial units. Th e details of this to ta l 300 are as follows :-

.Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Servi ce. -Died abroad, 5; died at home, I.

Queen Imperial Military Nursing Serv ice Reserve.-Kllled or drowned through enemy action . 23) killed or drowned accid e ntally, 6; died abroad 37' d ' d at home, 39. ) Ie

Voluntary Aid Detachments (including Special Mi liProbationers).-Killed or drowned through enem y actIOn, 13; drowned accidentally, 3; died abroad, 29 . died at hom e, 39. )

T e rritorial Force Nursing Service.-Killed or drown Ed through enemy action, 6; di e d a broad) 9; died at home, 33·

Voluntary Aid Detachments (inclu d 109 SpecIal MIlitary Probationers) .-K illed or drown ed enemy action, 3 ; killed or drowned accidentall y 2 ; died abroad, 3; died at home, 49. '

***

An X-ray motor am bulance wagon presented by th e Eccentnc to the Ambulance, and equippe d by the Red Cross authorltIes, IS now available for service in and a surrounding area of 25 miles. Accompanymg the wagon is an operator and staff of specially train ed and ambulance men. The 3.mb ulance is intende d pnmarIly for men disabled in the war and (or the k ••• J' SIC o r

Injured In Clvri hfe, who are too ill to be moved A I' pp lcatlOn should be made for it by doctors to the Managin g Secretary, College of Am bulance, 50, Queen Anne-stree t, CavendIsh·square, W. r (Telephone, 4652 Mayfair). Th e am bulance is free to th e poor, but charged for in the cas e of thos e who can afford to pay.

* * ..

The Inter-Railway Shield, the "Dewar" Shield, and the "Symon Eccles" Cup Competitions.

THE premier competitions of the Railways and the St. John Ambulance Brigade were held in the Great Hall of Cannon-street Hotel, London, on May 20th, when the Duke of York presented the Challenge Shield, Cup and prizes.

There was a large number of spectators present, the hall being hardly large enough to provide a comfortable view of the work of the competitors. Amongst tbose present were Lord Monson (Director of tbe Ambulance Dept. of the Order), Lord Stanmore (Secretary General), Col. C. E. Yate, Sir Charles Yate, M.P., and Lady Yate, Lady Perrott, Canon Shcppard, Mr. W. R. Edwards, Mr. W. H. Morgan, Mr. W. H. Fincham, and Capts. Causac and Pontio.

His Royal Highness, attended by Wing-Commander Louis Greig, was received by Lord Monson and a guard of honour of the members of the Brigade. He took a keen interest in the stretcher tests of both competitions, and asked many questions about the work. At the conclusion of the competitions presented the awards as follows :-

RAILWAY COMPETITION.

I.-Lo ndon Brighton & South Coast Railway 2II t (Wi nners of Challenge and prizes presented by the Order.)

2.-S outh-Eastern & Chatham Railway 18 5

,.-F urness Railway

4.-Alexandra (N ewport ) Docks & Railway... I83-

5.-M etropolitan Railway 177

6.- Great Central Railw ay

7.-C ambrian Railwaysl... 15 2

8.-G reat Western Railway

BRI GADE COMPETI TIO N.

I.- Abertillery Division (Priory of Wales ) (Winners of the" Dewar" Shield.)

2.-Dublin Division (No. 12 District ) (Winners of" Symons-Eccles" Cup.)

3.-West Oxford Division (No.2 District )

4.-Snow Hill, G.W.Ry. Division (No.3 District )

5 - Brierfield DiVision (No.4 District)

AID.- 193

here this afternoon, and to see such a display of extraordinary efficieGcy. I do most heartily congratulate the ttams, both of the Ambulance Brigade and the railways, present here, on the very high average of proficiency which you have shown. I know that the teams I see here are the survi val of many an eliminating competition, and I realise what energy and keenness you must have shown \ and wbat a lot of time you must have given up to reach the wonderful standard you have exhibited. I often think all those who take up such work as you have done offer one of the best examples to us of social service. )Tour help is given to the afflicted with no hope of payor r eward, and your main work is done from a sense of public-spirited love for your fellow-creatures. I go to many functIOns in my time, but I never fail to see members of your ubiquitous brigade, and, in fact, nowadays no public occasion is complete without them, and I have often seen the excellence of tbeir work. I realise, however, that it is the quiet; unostentatious work in the factory, in the mine, and on the railway that has given to the two great bodies of ambulance workers that we have with us afternoon tbe deservedly high position which they hold in the public esteem, and which enabled tbem to perform the very great services they rendered to the nation in the war. I have very much enjoyed the fine display we have seen, and I wish you all the best of luck in your splendid work.

Votes of thanks were accorded tbe judges.

THE FINALS.

286

276!-

The "Day of Days" in the ambulance year bas once more come and gone. Still it is given only to real enthusiasts to appreciate fully the joy of these meetings when all interested in ambulance work meet togetber to witness the trials of skill of tbe representative teams of the Railways and Brigade Districts To tbem, whether tbey be competitors, instructors or onlookers, belongs the happiness of greeting old friends and talking over tbe triumphs of past days and of welcoming new comers and discussing the possibilities of the future. On th ese rare occasions we meet all the doctors to whom we owe so much, and we make full use of our opportunities to engage them in conversatio n and to learn their views of tbe tests and our favourites chances of success.

A CORRESPQNDENT suggests why not a "D "S·

C ewar hleld ompetitIOn for NursIng Division? W . . . e must confess It IS surpnslOg that nothlOg so far has been d h . one 10 t IS dIrer bon. There are many important compet't ' f N .S 1 Ion or ursing Isters throughout the country and f h many 0 t em show great keenness, and we feel sure that f h I uc a competitIon was orgamsed It would be well supported W ph' e would sugg_st t at the two final compttitions should take lace on the same day and the Railway Com etit' p separate date. p JOn on a

Supt. W. Ledgard, of Dewsbury, wriles that no doub t many readers of your valuable J oumal will have read in the da lly papers the efforts of Sir Phillip Sassoon, M. P. , on behalf of the Folkestone Division, in interceding at th e War Office pressing for a fulfilm e nt of the promise to R A. M.e. men. No doubt there are several divisions whose members are due to receive the difference between IS. and 4S. per day for the whole period of the men's serVice, and se t ing that the Office have intimated that. they Will Pd.Y this difference, perhaps it would be adVisable for all divisions interested to make the necessary applIcatIOn at onc e In conclusion I b ea to b express my apprecIatIOn of the valuable s ervices re ndered by Sir Philip Sassoon, M .P ., hope that, should n e cessity arise, tbe of PdrlJament of other tuwns (10 which R.A.M.e. men reSIde, and who are entitl t> d to this difference in pay ment) will do their utmost to prt ss for an early settlemnnt of all similar claims.

6.-Victoria Division ( S.E. & C.Ry. District )

7 -H ampstead Division (No. District )

8.-S ittingQourne Division (No.8 District )

9.- Newcastle Division, Staffs. ( No.5 District )

Io.-O swestry Division (No.7 District)

II -Bl ackhall Colliery Division (No.6. District )

I2.-G ippeswyk Division (No. 10 District )

The judges in tbe Railway Compelion were :-

J. Wood, L.S.A, of Sebley, Sussex.

S. Granville Morris, M.D., of Mardy, Glam.

O. E. Davies, M.B.

Lt.-Col. F. S. Lambert, M.R.e.S., R.A.M.C.(T.F.)

Major A. H. Johnston, O.B.E., M.R.C.S.

Lord Monson, in proposing a vote of thanks to His Roya l Highness, said his presence there that would be an encouragement for them to persevere 10 the the work. He had seen that day the {:icked teams who represented units distributed all over the Empire.

The vote was seconded by Sir Charles Yate and was enthusiastically accorded.

The Duke of York, in reply, said: It has been a source of very great interest and very real pleasure to me to be

The post-war "Mecca" is the Cannon-street Hotel, the Great Hall of which on May 20th was comfortably crowded with spectators, their wive<; and cousins. Tbis year tbere was a marked improvement in arrangements which certainly resulted in more complete isolation of tbe teams tban was possible last year, and prevented idle rumour circulating tales of unfairness. Yet most of us felt that the closing of the individual rooms, owing to lack of space, was a mistake which should have been avoided, especially as the Pillar Hall was vacaDt; and that, from our consequently incomplete survey of events, we were robbed of the pleasure of forecasting the winners.

We we lcomed the attempts at staging the stretcher tests, and hope that in the future this in the Finals will be further developed, more espeCially as the contests aim at testing treatment "in actual circumstances."

The Inter-Railway Test was a simple, straightforward piece of work, the simplicity of which proved its stumbling block if it be true that no team scored more than 54 per ' of possible marks. Most expected hidden details and wasted valuable tIme 100kIDg for what did not exist and for this reason they have only themselves to blame for' penalties justly ex?cted. Further, the judge

was prepared to (and did) answer all questions as to facts, and so helped competitors to exercise their "senses" properly. Among the individual tests we noted the question on "Th,= Points of the Ambulance Cross," about which some one once lost their head; and we thought its application an excellent way of testing knowledge.

The Brigade Test also looked a simple one; almost as simple as its staging By the way, we want to know what became of the ladder, why the hospital bed was tilted at an angle of 20 degrees, and wl:at was the penalty for knocking down the fence!! The first card of instruction was far too wordy, and could have been shortened without omitting essential facts Further, it militated against efficiency, and as we looked on, we seemed to be witnessing one of the old time tests, in which marks were being freely given for mechanical work rather than for the exercise of the competitors' Qualifications as first aiders. Moreover, some of the competitors complained that their questions as to facts were turned down somewhat abruptly. However this may

when be was seized wi tb an epileptic fit and fell off. The wheel of an heavy lorry following the van passed over his right thigh.

X. B.-The patient is lying between front and rear wheels of lorry.

Getting patient away from lorry

Holding gag in mouth

Supporting head ( turned on one Side , Loosening tight clothing back crowd

Steadying injured limb by restraint high in thigh

\-ery discreet restraint of convulsions

Any blood on clothing? (l\luch blood through trousers)

D gi tal pressure on femoral artery

Covering patient \Yaiting till fit is over

help? ( Hospital 600 yards away )

Card 2.-Consciousness has now returned and convulsi on s have ceased.

ExposinR seat of injury 2

Card 3.-You find a corn pound fracture of fern ur With upper part of bone protruding. Tissues are much torn Is bleeding thoroughly controlled?

Answer according to position of thumbs

Tourniquet on femoral artery

19

Explicitness

I n giving clear instructions to bystanders

D iscrimination

Restoring breathing before treating injury

Avoiding rubbing iniured limb to detriment of lllJury

Apportion ing duties between self and bystanders

Not undertaking responsibility of doctor

P erseverance

Continuing artificial respiration though not at successful

Sy mpathy...

Comforting patient, 1 and friend, Possible extra marks including examples not mentione d above 1 0

1'\0.2. -Patient has been stunned by a cricket ball wh ich str uck hiS head with great for c e.

Degree of insensi.bili,ty? ( Is in condition )

\'.-here did ball hit hlm ? (Just above right ear )

A ny h re morrhage? ( 10 external b a: morrhage)

F eatures? (Palt:) ... .., ...

T actful advice (2 ), to lie still ( I ) , with head low ( 1 and on one side ( I ) 5

Di screet attempts to loosen clothing 2 0 with patient

N.B.-Patient resists and succeeds ID

!'Isi ng, saying he is all r ight and will walk ho me. He staggers a few yards and is about to fall.

A ttempt made to check fall .:.

F urther enquiry as to degree of IOsenSIbility (Stupor is becoming pronounced)

F eatures? ( Becoming dusky )

P atient on back; head and shoulders raised, head turned on one side clothing, 2 covering, 2

B reathing? (Stertorous) , Comparing sides of body (Left Side limper than right )

P up ls equal? ( Unequal)

D o pupils respond to light? ( 0 )

D o pupils respond to touch? ( 0 )

':' emperature of the body,? ( Raised )

V ery exhaustive enquiries for medical help .,. 5

A 10,- 195

One bearer goes for doctor

No attempt to treat leg pend ng arrival of docto r

Other bearer turns head on one side and t ickles lhl oa

Enquires as to effect

Exam i nation of limbs Ko in j ury excepl left le g, wh er e mu c h swell ing but no external h re morrha g e

Covering patient, 2 attempls to rouse, 5

Attempts to find poison bottle ( :\ one found

Doctor arrives and take s charg e of case.

Possible extra marks

5.-You find great swelling about the pat ent's left elbow. He is out of doors. He tells you that he h a s been struggling with another man, who has gone away.

I.B.-Patient is stand ing, support ing l imb somewhat flexed,

Laying patient down, 2 support of 1m b , 3 '.

Preparing ant{ular splmt

Flexmg limb to right ang le

Patient complams of pa in caused Persuading and assunng patient tha he will be more comfortable soon

LOCO:--IOTIYE TEA:'II, WINNERS OF THE INTER-RAILWAY SHIELD.

No. 1.-(a) Name the eight points of the ambulance (b) I,-Iow would r ou carry out the teachmg of thiS cross in t h e following case :-A man when bathing got on to a bed of rocks. He stumbled, failed to r ise and was brought to shore in an unconscio us state. Take the eight points one by one.

After learning means sug2"ested for obtallln g medical help, Judge will is no p ossibility whatever of obtalOlOg medical help fo r a long ti me.

I s there a hospital near? ( Cottage hospital

I mile)

2

\Y here does patient live ? (At a level crossmg ABERTILLER\- A:\JB"l!LAN CE TEX:--I \YI0:0:E R OF .THE ,. DEW AR" SHIELD.

Back row (left to right \ Sergt. \Ym PaJfield ASS istant Instruc;?r Ple F cottaRe about a mile away ) 2

A ttempts to obtain hot water bottles (None available) 2

Cockram, Pte. A. G. Gibbs, Pte A Padfield, Sergt. A. B. \\ t1hams, Pte. Wm. England ( Reserve )

Front row, 1st Officer J. Gibb" ( Captain ), Dr. S. Symon<; \ D ivisional Surgeon ), Supt. J. Matthews ( Instructor ) cold water (obtamable)... 2

" get ice (obtainable) 2

" get spirit ( obtainable) 2

Continous application cold y? bead 2

Whether features conjested during artificial respiration

Signs of returning breathing

Left to right (st:lllding\ A. Alldritt ( Reserve), W. C. Townsend, C. F. , . D H. Puttlck, A. Deacon (Captain), F. Sharp. Observation SlttlOg, Mr. J. King (Centre Sec.), Mr. W, L. Stirling (Asst. Centre Sec. ) Breathing. Ceased Signs of IOJUry. Deformity and swelling at left ankle be, Tests, comprising stretcher-piece, questions mdlvlduals, was a very complete examination, and the Judges deserve congratulations on getting through their work as quickly as they did.

T?,e "Day of Days" has gone. The "Railway Shl.eld b.as South, and good luck to the Brighton RaIlway, Its wmners! The" Dewar Shield" has aone yv est, and good fortune to the Abertillery Miners who b won It for Wales! Comp=titors and onlookers have gone N South, E3.st and \Vest, and here's to our next merry meetmg ! A. B.

RAILWAY COMPETITIOX, 1921

PART A. ( TEAM WORK )

Card 1.-The patient was sitting on the back of a van

Further examination of left ankle

Tact

Keeping back crowd

Securing help

Tactful message home

Resource

I n obtaining hot blankets

" hot water bottles splints and bandages means of transport

" Dexterity, ., I n artificial respiration

In rubbing limbs

In treatment of injury

In transport

Cold application to brUIse (SplIlt and water)... 2

E nquiry as to of tran.sport 2 Cricketers wIll lend their brake, which they have brought u p for the purpose.

Li fting patient into conveyance (method to be explamed ) 5

N.B.-If there is any hesitation as to removal, Judge will s ay: "Removal is absolutely necessary." Hesitation will n either gain nor lose marks.

P ossible extra marks

Nos. 3 and 4.-You find the lying m a field with h is left leg through the bars of a stile.

I s patient conscious ( No)

B reathing? (Very slow )

S igns of injury to head (A few slight scratches )

F eatures ? (Ghastly pale)

Any stertor? (Yes ) 2; Pupils ( Pin point) 2

S mell of breath? (Like poppyheads)

Medical help? (Doctor at horne near by)

7

2 2

4 2

Patient now consents to flex ion.

Applying angular splint, 5 ; large sling, 2

Treating shock

Ascertaming patient's address by

Taking him home

AdvisinCT medical help

Remov;bandages and splint me a nwhile

Supporting on in mo"t comfortable

Cold water or Ice dresslllg pos t ion

Possible extra marks ,

" DE\VAR " SHIELD Ai\D _ TS CHALLENGE C1; P. \ IVA \"OCE.

ECCLES "

3

r. - i\ame the general signs and symptoms of Fr ac ture pages .p and -+3-

Pain at or near seat of fracture

Loss of power

Swelling (do not mistake for les., serious injury)

Deformity, contracting muscles may cause shortening,2

Irregularity-fracture felt if bone close to "kin

Unnatural mobIlity, ; not sought for, -:\Crepitus, I ; not to be sought for, t -

History from patient or bystander

May be marks on skin or clothing

Snap of bone may have been heard or felt

Several of above signs are absent in and impacted fractures

Extra marks for method

II.-What is the Epiglottis? How may it become a source of danger? Pages 124-125.

A flap g-uarding opening into wind·pipe from entrance of solids or liquids

In insensibility it may fail to act and allow these things to enter (If given) and cause choking

Tongue of insensible patient may fall back on flap and so obstruct wind-pipe 5

If answer to above is satisfactory, then ask: If you are not sure whether patient is insensible and you wish to something by mouth, how would you proceed? Page 144 -

Introduce teaspoonful of cold water at a time between gums and cheek 5

Extra marks for method 2

II 1.-What are Convulsions? N arne the causes. Page 147·

Con, ulsions are iO\ oluntary contractions of muscles of body...

May be limited to limbs on one side or general

(a ) Constitutional: -Epilepsy, 2; hysteria, I

Teething and stomach troubles

(b ) Pois0ning :-Strychnine, 2; prussic acid, I Fungi or berries

If strychnine mentioned:-

What is the chief sign? (" arched back ")

Extra marks for method '"

IV.-How would you distinguish between hcemorrhage from lung and from stomach? Pages 106- 107.

Lung :-Blood coughed up Scarlet and frothy Stomach :-Blood vomited up Darker colour-like coffee grounds

May be mixed with food

Is there any difference in treatment?

Yes. In from stomach give nothing by mouth

Extra marks for method

V.-How would you treat a dirty wounci"of the middle of fC?rearm without arterial hcemorrhage? Page R4. No surl!ical aId cdn be procured for some hlJurs.

Thoroug hly wash my own hands

Sterilize them with Tr. Iodi.

Boil some water and allow it to co ol

Pour sterile water over the wound

Do not wash surrounding parts towards

Tr. Iodi all over wound and surrounding skin '"

Cover with clean, absorbent dressing, e.g., sterile gauze, lmt, boraCIC Imt et c....

Would not remove blood clot over wound pad over dressing (unless fore ;gn bodies suspected In wound)

Apply bandage firmly over pad

Afford support

Extra marks for metho d INDIVIDUAL TEST

Test I.-A man has. be.en run over and the wheel has passed at:ross hIS right arm and collar bone The humerus IS broken ab<;>ut three inches above the elbow and the c oll arbon e near the middle No wound. The man is allid and suffers from shock. Tyeat the case. p

Patient proper position, 2 remove coat, 2

Temporary bandage round arm and body

Secure shoulders, 3 ; no pressure on chvicle, 2

AI D.-

Cushion to take off pressure of knot

Remove temporary bandage

Fasten hand to thigh, 2 bandage elbow to body, 2

Bandage arm to body or Place spl nts with only very gentle traction

Bandage arm to body, Bandage forearm, flexed or straight, to body.

Treat for shock

Correct bandaging, 2; neatness, 2 4

Test 2.- Two competitors -Compound fracture involving both bon es of left leg four inches above the ankle. Bleedin g is arterial. Treat case.

P atient proper position, 2 ; expose wound, 2

Indirect pressure, 2; tourniquet, 2

Avoid contaminating wounds by (a) hands 2 (b ) ordinary water

Apply mild tincture iodine, 2 ; dressings, 2 '"

Soft antiseptic pad over wound, 2 bandage, 2

Steady fimb, 2 Draw foot into natural position, 2

R etain in position until splints are applied

Two splints, 4; length and position of same, 2

Bandages(a ) above fracture (b ) below fracture (c) immediately above knees (d) round both ankles (e ) broad bandage round both knees

Supporting limb, 2 ; treat shock, 2

C orrect bandaging, 2 neatness, 2

Test 3.- There is fa deep cut two inches long in the palm of the left hand wi th direction in line with the limb On opening the hand the blood spurts out in jets. Treat the case.

Patient proper position, 2 ; elevate hand, 2

Digital pressure on brachial artery

Tourn iq uet on brachial or elbow flexion

Expose wound, ; clean hands, I sterile water, Any foreIgn body (No), 2 mild t incture iodine,

DreSSing, 2 firm pad, I

Small back splint to keep hand extended

Roll up coat sleeve, I adequate flexion of arm 2

Remove tourniquet if applied _ , ( I )

See if bleeding controlled, I St. John sling, 2

Treat shock, ; correct bandaging, neatness, J 3 Test 4.-A heavy body falls on the right knee. Ther e IS lacerated wound over the knee cap, which appear to be mto fragments. Bleeding is not severe. Treat the case.

Patlent In proper position 2

Head and shoulders well raised and supported 2 Straighten limb and raise it 2

Expose wound, 2 dressings, 2 4

Back splint, buttock to heel 2

Bandages-Above, 2 ; below knee cap, 2 4 Round thigh, I ; round leg, 2

Foot well raised and supported 2 Cold dressing over fracture 2

Treat shock, J correct bandaging, I neatness, 3

TEAM WORK

Card and your team are on duty at your Ambulance Station when a messenger arrives and tells you that a man, whilst repairing a window on the second storey of an empty has fallen from a ladder, a distance of 20 feet The dis.tance way is about 200 yards. Upon arrival you fin d patIent lymg face downwards, and a passer by, untrained m work, is attempting to place him in a more comfortable pOSItIOn. The house stands on the outskirts of the city. You are that a lives a mile away, also tha t the nearest hospital IS half-a - mlle from scene of accident an d there is not an amb,ulance. carriage in the city. You hav'e n o wheeled transport, I.e., a litter, at your station.

Approach

Prevent patient being made worse by improper position and movement.

2

June, 19 2 1.

-FIRST AID.

If patient turne6 over on bis back at this peliod, full marks not a llowed.

Me thod adopted to ascertai n that patient is conscinuc:.

Questions to "pass er by " -

(a) Did you see him fall? (No ) 2

(b) Has he spoken since you have been with him? (No ) 2

(c, Have you spoken to him? (Yes ) 2

(d) Has he moved smce you have been WIth him ? ( No ) 2

Judg e-Patient is un conscious.

Examination for injuri e s.

He ad, 2 ; trunk, 2 4 ljp per limbs, 2 lower limbs, 2 4 Pu lse, 2; breathing and odour ot breath, 3 l\1o uth for obstructIOns 2

Co mparing both sides of the body 2

Ey es, 2; ears, 2 nose, 2 6 Card I I. - ( Four sections ).-(a) Patient has slight bruises on forehead. Pupils of eyes are equal. Breathing heavily. (b Left upper arm is limp and swollen. ( c ) Right foot lies IP u nnatural position ;;nd some blood stains show on bottom par t of front portion of trousers. (d ) You may use the man who was attempting to assist patient.

Further e xamination-

Expo sing leg for wound and fracture 3

J:..:dge " Fracture is compound; h ce morrhage not seri ous. "

Cov ering wound 2

I 'o mpt support of rig ht leg and kft upper arm 4

Temporarily to restrain movementTying both ankles and knees together 3 (t Tying arm to trunk 3

Carefully turning patient on his back 3

AttentioD to difference between signs and symptoms of frac ture and dislocations. Wh en in doubt, treat for fracture.

Upper arm.

Inju ry discovered by observant and tactful means according to condition of patient 4

Judge- If satisfied with examination, to say, "Fracture ne1.r shoulder joint." message to home ( if found out ) 2

Tac tful m e ssage to hospital 3

Enq uiry re consciousness being regain ed 2

Judge - " No. "

Treatment}-pad.

L'1 do tight clothing, 3 ; position of patient, 2 5

Rai se head slightly, 2 nothing to mouth, 2 4 ( e>l d application of water to head 2

Leg C. r e in removing temporary bandages 4

S eady support of right lower i1mb 4

E,t ension 3

E a mine wound for fO! eign bodies 2

J udge-" None."

Lre ss ing wound, 2; pad, etc, 2; bandaging,S 9

I di ne, 2 clean hands, 2; splints,4- S

Dper arm.

Steady support of right upper arm 4

Rem oval of clothing necessary 3

Bro ad bandage round arm an d trunk 3

.small arm sling 2

Sho ck detailed consistent with injuries 4

A,t ention to comfort bearing in mind head injury 4

Transport-

Pre paring stretcher, 4 ; placing stretcher, 3 · 7

Loading stretcher, 6 ; patient's 4 10

Cov €ring, 4; adjusting sling, 4; carrylDg, 10 18

Wa tchfu lness en route for bleeding 4

For security of splints and bandages 4

Ret urn to consciousness 4

Tac t in giving orders 4

Changing bearers 4

Card II l. -Given if iudge satisfied With watchfulness en rout e to hospital.

"Pati ent has partially recovered consciousness and commences to vomit."

T urning head to side

F urther treatment of shock

Encouraging words

Encouraging sleep

J udge-" You have arrived at hospital. "

Unloadi ng

Gener:;J. l smartness

Extra marks

10 10 10

The ea m (Br ighton Locomotive) which represented the London Brighton and South Coast Railway and won the much-coveted and hard-fought for Inter·Railway Shield. is exactly the same team that represented the Company in 1914 and finished First in the Prelimi nary round but came a cropper in the Final. In 1915 two members of the team D. H. Puttick and C. F. Spencer (both time expired soldiers) vol unteer ed for ser vice in the R A. M.C., were accepted and reported at Millbank, from there to Hampstead, at which place they volunteered for Foreign Service, were accepted and sent to Salonika, remaining th e re till after the Armistice, they came back with stripes on their arms, and upon resumption of railway dutits took up First Aid work with renewed vigour, and owing to the spirit diffused by them, their coll e agues in the team and a few old chums into Class work, it has attained a standard hitherto unknown on the Brighton line, record class roll, record results, and as a fitting climax to a g o od session to come out top in the premier competition on the railwa}s, a performance of which the officers and staff, First Aiders or not, are justly proud. The average age of the team is 45·

Comments by tlu Captain of t lze winning team of th e " De w ar'! SMeld C(jmpetition

As Captain of the successful team in the "D",war" ShIeld contest, I should like to statt how pleastd I am to have th a t honour.

With regard to th e arrangem f nts, they were good, only I would lIke to see sufficient material available for the work of th e individual and squad tests With my squad, our work suffer ed because we did not have sufficient equipment to meet the needs of the case. Unless the rule s are altered and evt.ry team allowed to use their own materials, I am afraid the competit ors will not show their bes.t work.

I would also like to see the rule rfgardmg the officH carried out more str ictly or removed altogether, as I find on this occasion as well as at the "Dewar" contest last year some team's had five men working and talking while othe'rs had four; and whue there is a time limit, this is not fair play.

I would like to thank the many s for theIr congratulation s, especially the Dublin team on their sporting spirit.

I may state my team consists entlrely of coal mlDers, as you know, from the nature of w.ork, :,e often r eq uired to render assistance when It IS qm e Imposslble to get a doctor, and our work is greatly apprEciated by our fellow workman and our colliery management, who were jointly responsible for our expenses to London

I also desire to thank you for the great aSSIstance your paper has b ee n to myself and squ ad.

Abertillery Ambulance Division was formed on July 21St, 19 06 and was attached to NO .7 District, the Deputy Commissioner being Col. E Cureton, V. D ,M.D In a district where the chief occupation is mining, th e need for such an organisation was great.

3

4 2

Tact in assuming authority...

Prev ent passer-by making further movement

Keep crowd back 3

-FIRST

During the fifteen years of its existence, thousands of persons have been treated in the mines and in the streets, and many lives saved by its members. The nearest hospital being seventeen miles away, much transport work has had to be carried out by members of the division, which has been done with great success

The first officers were: Dr. Rocyn J on€s (Divisional Surgeon), J. R. Powell (Supt.), and J. W. Davies (Divisional Secretary), all of whom did great work with the division

In November, 1911, the Division was transferred to No. II District, under Deputy Commissioner H. D. W. Lewis, Esq.

During the war, 17 members served with H.M. Forces, one of whom paid the supreme sacrifice, two others received the M.M., and one the D.C.M. In competitions the members have greatly distinguished themselves. In 19 the first trophy was won-namely, the "Martin" Shield. The team consisted of Allan Powell (Capt.), J. Matthews, Wm. Lewis, Wm. Williams and J. Gibbs. Since then the following trophies have been secured ;-

19I2.-Martin Shield, Hills Plymouth Cup.

1913 -Monmouth County Shield, Lady Lewis Cup.

19 [4 -Llandinam Shield.

19Is.-Martin Shield. National, Lady Lewis Cup, Pontypool ShIeld, Monmouthshire County Shield.

19I9.-Martin Shield, Pontypool Shield, Ebbw Vale Cup.

I92o.-Martin Shield, Mon. County Shield, Welsh Dragon Shield, White Horse Shield, Crosswell Shield.

1921.-Pontypool Shield, Llandinam Shield Dewar Shield.

In. addition, So gold medals and money prizes, several hundre.d. pounds, have been won by Its members 10 open competItion. On three occasions a team has this division in th e" Dewar" Shield competition; first they secured fifth place' second third' ), )

In select the best team for Brigade competitions, an lDdlvldual contest is held for one month at the of each year; those with highest marks constItute the t.ean: for the ensuing year. By this method every member IS glven a chance to get in the premier team those who joined the in 1906 only two remalD, Supt. J. FIrst Officer J. Gibbs. instructor and captalD respectIvely of the team which won the "Dewar" Shield, to these and every member of the tea?l the greatest credit is due for their loyal and painstaklDg efforts.

1918 the P!iory for Wales was established, with a qommlssIOner of Its own. Under the Priory there are a lIst of Centres and Sub Centres with an Assistant for. This division is now under the Monmouthshlre dlstnct, the Assistant Commissioner being Capt. Rocyn Jones, M. D.

In order to compete for the "Dewar" Shield the had to meet the teams from the Monmouthshire at Newport, whlch they won. A further compewas held at Cardiff, when the best teams under the Priory for Wales this they again won. The total number of marks gamed were 406, being 48 in front of next best team.

On the result the teams' success in London being announced great eXCItement prevailed at Abertillery and when they on following day they were a most enthUSIastIC receptIOn. Among those present to

AI D.- June, 19%1.

welcome them were Mr. George Parker, M.P., Assistan t Commissioner Rocyn Jones, M.D., J. Snelgrove J. P. (Chairman of District Council), Mr. Ben Owen, M.E., an d many other prominent townspeople.

Inspection and Review of South=East Lancashire Corps and Divi sions.

THE twentieth annual review and competition of th e South-East Lancashire Corps and Divisions of the No. 4 District were held on June 4th at the Athletic Ground s, Milnrow-road, Rochdale.

The Corps and Divisions, many of whom had com e by char-a-banc, paraded at the Town Hall Square, and at a quarter-past three, accompanied by brass bands, marche d to the Athletic Grounds, where they were formed up in line by seniority. The Nursing Divisions were already on the ground, and wer e formed up in front of the ambulance units. The former numbered 575 and the latter 543I, I 18 of all ranks.

It had been announced that Colonel Sir James R Andrew Clark, the Chief Commissioner would be th e inspecting officer, but he was unable to be present, and hi s place was taken by Colonel C. J. Trimble, Commissioner of No. 4 District, wh<;> on the ground at a quarte to four, and took up hls posmon at the saluting base in front of the grand stand. Assistant Commissioner A. V. Davies, O.B. E., was in command of the parade, and District Officer W. Maxwell Reekie, O.B.E., was in charge of the Nursing Divisions, with District Office r C H. Fowle r J ones a s adjutant.

After the general salute the Commissioner inspected the ranks, accompanied by his staff, and by th e Mayor of Rochdale (Alderman H. Clark). wearing his chain of office, Mrs. Clark and Mrs. W. Tweedale (Lady Distric t Supt.)· Then there was the march past, in columns o f fours, the Nursing sections leading. The inspection of str etch er squads and a display of stretcher drill follow ed. Practical application of first aid, including bandaging, cam " next.

Unfortunately there were one or two showers of rain while this programm e was being carried out. The comp etitions of both ambulance and nursing units took plac e in view of spectators.

Subsequently the parade was formed up on thr te sides of a square for the Inspecting Officer's remarks Colonel Trimble expressed himself highly pleased with the manner in which all units and ranks had acquitte d themselves.

The. awards general.ly were to the strengt h and effiCIency of the umts, a nd 10 the ambulance competition marks were given for percentage attendances, gene ral smartness on the field, and bandagmg. It is the rul e for units b elonging to the town where the competitio n takes place not to compete for the trophies.

The {?rizes were distribute d by the Mayoress, th e awards bemg as follows :-Ambulance Division.-SouthEast Lancashire Coronation Shield-Tyldesley, after a ti e with Bury, who were the holders last year.

Wilson and Stockwell Shield--Bury.

South-East Lancashire Corps and Division : Cup.Tie between Todmorden and Armstrong-Whitworth Division, Openshaw, finally resulting in a win .for Todmorden

June , 19 2 1. -FIRST

Card-Armstrong- Whitworth Division, Openshaw. Trophies for Nursing Division :-South- East Lancs. Nursing Shield-BootIe, marks. The Lees Cup-Crompton, 85 marks. Card-;-Oldham and Darwen bracketed 84 marks, and both got cards.

All the trophies are held for one year only

During the afternoon selections of music was played by th e Rochdale Public Prize Band and the Shawc10ugh and Spotland Brass Band.

After the review the competitors marched to the Amb ulance Drill Hall, where they were entertained to tea.

3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad ooints in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column.

A NARROW ESt:::APE.

A farm labourer, returning home from a neighbouring town, was offered and accepted a lift in a farmer s cart, in whic h he lay down and slept. On dismounting he struck a matc h on his trousers with the result that his clothing immediat ely burst into flames. Throwing himself flat on the ground, he succ eeded, with the farmer s help, in extinguishing the fl, mes but received some severe burns of the lower limbs whic h took a long time to heal. Later, it was established that hi ... trousers had become saturated with paraffin oil which escaped from a leaking drum in the cart, aad that he had himst"lf set fire to the oil when he struck a match to light his pipe. - r. L. C., Tufnell Park.

ANOTHER NARl{OW ESCAPE.

After a long tramp in the country a middle-aged man retired to his bedroom and slept heavily. About 2 a.m. he hf." was awakened by his favourite cat pawing his face. RousiO b himself with difficulty he was at once conscious of a sense of op pressed breathing, and to his horror, realised that the bed room was full of coal-gas, the escape of which was the evidro t cause of his fainting rondition. Staggering to his feet, he man aged to throw open his window and to escape, with his c t, into the fresh air before losing consciousness completely. T'le noise made in opening the window roused other members 0' th e household, who quickly came to his assistance and cut of." th e escaping Brixton.

-------.--.-----

Mr. Bourne Supt. of the Tipton Division was presented Wit h a gold watch and chain by his fellow workers and fne nds at the Horsley Bridge and Engineering Co., in of his 20 years service in the ambulance cause.

3 E

The Great Mountain Colliery Company has placed tne Old Reading Room at the disposal of the Tumble Dlv ision free of charge including lights. The building is cap able of seating about 2 SO persons, it contains in additIOn a stage and a commodious storeroom.

E

The Bazaar in aid of the London Hospital. at which the Nursing Sisters of the Prince of Wales's Corps has a stall will be opened by Queen Alexandra 12 noon on July' 6th. Prices of admission, payable at the entrance up to 3 o'clock ! 55.; from 3 to 5 o'clock, 2S. 6d.; after 5 o'clock, IS. It is hop ed the of me mbers of the district will be gIven to thls functIOn.

Al D.-

fetters to the

We are in no "ala, responsible tot' the opinions expressed, or the statements made, b, Corresponaentr.-EDITOR, ETC.

ERRORS OF TEXT BOOK.

D EAR SIR,-

It was good to read once more an article by Dr. Henton White and profitable to learn about the errors and am biguities of the Textbook, to which he calls attention. I note that his guiding finger is directed mainly to the Chapter on Insensibility, about which your reviewet in 1918 wrote: "For pnrposes of tuition we find)his chapter e xtrem ely complicated, and we fear that novices will become involved in its sections and sub-sections."

I wonder, however, if Dr. White is quite fair to the Textbook in his remarks on Laborde's i\l ethod, trial of which is only recommended" when for any cause the above methods (Sch a efer and Silvester ) cannot be carried out."-Yours truly, ANDREW BROWNE. Bristol.

STUNG? BY A SNAKE.

DEAR SIR,-

I should like to point out an error which occurs on page 178 of the l\Iay issue of FIR ST AID.

In the Railway Competition the question put to Bearer NO.3 reads like this: "A young lady whilst walking with you on the moors is stung by a snake on the back of the right hand, etc. " A snake do es not sting but bi te, What is often taken for the so-called sting is the tongue, which is put out and drawn in again in quick succession two rather large teeth or fangs, are situated in the top jaw of the reptile, groved on the inside and a small bag or sac., containing the poison is situated at the)oots of these teeth, (and as it bites the bags are pressed and a small portion of the poison is sent down the groov ed teeth into the wound.- Yours, etc.)

C. F. HUGHES.

A BUTTON SUGGESTION.

DEAR SlR,-

In order to commemorate the S.J.A.B.'s part in the World War, I humbly suggest that in future all Brigade of both se xes should wear their centre buttons of umform 10 two separate groups of fours-eight buttons in all. These eight buttons would symbolise the eight points of the St. John Cross and would perpetuate to futu re members, if introduced, the the" Order" played in the great War.

I should like the views of your readers concern1Og my sugg egt ion.-Yours, etc.,

LIONEL H. A. W. BROAD!RlDGE.

MEDALS FOR HOME SERVICE.

SIR'I trust you will excuse my reviving the again re medals for Home Service men, after seem g the order in this month's issue of FIRST AID With reference to the issue of the British War Medal to the R.H.A.S.B.R., I refrain from writing to you on behalf of men C!f the Military Home Hospital Reserve who also ]olDed up lD 19!4' I note that representations have beex: made to the military authorities for these men also to be for the medal, and it is to be hoped that the Brig-ade authontles put the case very strongly to the War Office, and also lDSISt upon more equal treatment for both .these Reserves. On e cannot help but note the injustice of this latest order, the S.B.R. lD large number of cas es only served for months, while the H.H.R. had to join up for the duratiOn war

My own case is typical of many; I Jomed up 1D August,

19 1 4, and served for.t1ve with the R.A.M.C., volunteered several times for active service but was rejected and kept on home service. In the same garrison where I was statIOned was a naval hospital, staffed mostly by S.B.R. men. Now, under this new order, these men the medal, and the H.H.R. at the adjoining military hoslpltal do not. the Brigade men who stayed at home can show a their war work" but apparently the M .H.H. R. IS nobody s child. " . .

Trusting that the work of these men will be recognised as it should be, and thankng you for the interest you have always taken on their behalf. - I am, yours, ete., "O.M.S., M.H.H.R. "

AMBULANCE EXAMS ON STRICTER LINES.

SI R -

I do not agree with your correspondent that .the examinations should be made more difficult and exactmg. A nyone who has had experien c e with examinations, knows how difficult it is to get the students to sit for them, because they fail and be twitted by their friends. It seems to me that It IS much better to have a large number of men and who can pass the examinations well, and Jom the Brigade and become experts by practice, than to have a very few clever people who can never be when they are wantecl.. After all, if there is an accident It IS better to have someone there who can do a to help, than to know that there is a very clever m a n in the next town but too far away to be of any use. - Yours, etc , E. B. I.

COMPETITION PRIZES.

DEAR SIR.-

May I trespass upon your valuable space to a few words 011 the above subject, as I know your paper 1£ read by all keen First Aiders. I was one of the competitors in the Railway Final on May 20th, and upon looking over the prizes before the prese.ntati0n, I was struck .by the fact that some of the pri zes, although of excellent quality, were really n.ot very useful. I think I can say I am speakmg for the majority of the competitors when I say that the prizes might have chosen with a little more discrimination, it should be realised that the men who compete in these competitions are just ordinary working men. Among the prizes this year was a cake basket and a case of fish kmves, both of splendid quality, and absolutely useless to a working man, several of the other prizes were not very useful. The first prize in both competitions was really a sensible prize. As it is not of much use criticising unless one has suggestions for improvement, may I make the following suggestions as to what I consider suitable prizes. Clocks (always useful ), watches, a small barometer, handbags, writing desks, and for the lesser prizes, a case of razors, a good safety razor, or fountain pen, and countless other things that are useful. Perhaps some other competitor would like to give his views on the subject, I hope it will be clearly understood that I do not complain about the value of the prizes, but that they are sometimes unsuitable to men in our station of life. I do realise it is a very difficult matter to please everybody, but I should like to hear the opinion of some of the other competitors

Yours truly, " COMPETITOR."

CONTENTS OF REGULATION POUCH.

DEAR SIR,-

No. I.-In your issue of FIRST AID for March, an inquiry is made by T. W. H. (Ley ton ) 'Ie regulation contents of S.] .A. B. pouch, I notice on going through this list, smelling salts are not included. As these are recommended for shock. fainting, syncope, collapse, p. 142. 36th Edition, Text Book, I think they should be included.

A 10.- June, 1921.

Also in the treatment of (Dislocations). We have to t rea t for shock, p. 70, 36th Edition, Text Book. No.2 states m view of your statement that extras are not allowable. I am wanting to know if I should allowe d to carry any extras in my ration havresack If I Wished, su ch as bandages, dressings, small splints, &c., so I should be abl e to treat any cases I mclJ be called. to on. my way to H ead4uarters, &c. I am a firm believer m havmg a good su ppl y with me when on duty.

Yours, etc.,

W. SUTTGN

We think there would be no objections to your an extra supply of bandages, etc., in your havresack.-ED.

SUGGESTIONS FOR AMBULANCE COMPETITIO NS

DEAR SIR, -

I t seems to some that the best way to avoid the crea tio n of a class of professional cup-hunting First Aiders :-v ould b e to prOVide that not more than two of a team who wm tro phy should be eligible to compete for that trophy n ext tlme' ,an d none at all on three successive years to be eligible. fresh the fourth year. The Special purp ose s teams are as bad for new men in their own UTIlts as they ar e for olher units which they so easily outclass. To drop t hem points would not be adequate in view of as say No. for .or. Llgsaw's problems s Ju dging. "Substitution, gradu al but complete m respect of e ac h trophy in turn alone Will give all a fair turn.

I am, etc., MARVYN STEWA RT.

FINAL COMPETITION.

DEAR SIR,-

In the issue of May you state your lDab!llty see all competitors, and ask us our ImrresslOns of the Fmal Com· pelltion for the Inter-Railway Shield. Of course, we ar e pleased an d proud to be the holders of the Shield, but it does not alter the teelmg that we had un the morning of the .zoth May, and still feel. that the organisation of the compet itIOn left a lot to be deSired. •

Everyone who has had anything to do with competit ions will admit that any team which gets mto the final stage of the Inter-Rail is a good one. Anyone with the average .amoun t of commonsense will know that on that day all competitors ar e In a state of nervous excitement. No team wishes for first pl ace, but being balloted for it is absolutely fair; , but we as a te am, having been first to compete, ha:re lIked It far be tte r If things had been ready. With a time limit on a test It IS po t much encouragement for a team if they ask, as we did, " Are there any appliances available to get the answer 'Y es,' , Stretcher' 'Splints ' 'Bandages,' etc." Then to ask wh ere are they, be by Judge, "Where are. they?" T hen a hurry scurry to find Mr. Somebody, and for him to find the stuff. In the individual tests thing were agam awkward, and knowing, as I do, the tempers of the men. of our team, I am much surprised they tolerated what they did.

I might say we were all very sorry for the last Oll the tumult that was going on during .their team test was m our opinion a very b ;g handlcap.-Yours, etc,

A DEACON ( Captam )

London Brighton & South Coast Railway Team

DEAR SIR,-

May I, as a mere spectator, but as one keenly interes ted in ambulance work for some years, trespass on your valu abl e space with a few remarks respecting the Final CompetitIOn for the Railway Challenge Shield, held at Cannon-street Ho tel , London, on the 20th ult.

In the first place, I consider it a retrograde step to pre · clude spectators from witnessing the individual work. M any of us have travelled some distance to London for thiS com petition and were much disappointed to find that only t he

June, 19 2 1. -FIRST

stretcher work could be seen. The timing of the seemed tt) be too free and easy, and here I would venture to s uggest that the judge or a stt' ward should set an alarm clock to go off w,he.n the time limit expired and the team told there is a time limit and to cease work on the alarm. I see every reason for time limits, but no reason at all for not openly ac quainting the teams if a time limit is in force.

The provision of appliances was a source of trouble. The fir st te3.m had to wait for them; the following teams got them as t heir predecessors left them, some neatly replaced, some no t. Some teams bad to search for the particular appliance th ey wanted. One team at least had an appliance handed to the m by the boy scout, whilst another unable to find it, impro vised on the assumption it was not available. This caused so me comment among the spectators, many of whom were old co mpetitors and appreciated the value of these points.

A rule for future competitions should be that no one is dllo wed to converse with the jucl.ges when a team or ind ividual is being judged. The best jndge can hardly watch treatment and carryon a conversation ; ant! if a judge is to be consulted by officials it should be between the tests.

N ow a word of praise The actual tests were excellent, and my opinion was shared by others, and the work of the wh ole of the teams was of such a high standard that it is dou btful if there would be anything to choose between them in an actual test. The winners were good winners and tbe rem ainder were good losers, and went away determined to do bett er next time!

A matter which surprised many, including a visitor from Africa, was the absence of staging for the stretcher test, partic ularly in view of what has been said in FIRS T AID on the subject. Small local contests have done a good deal on t hes e lines latterly, and some of the railway men present were hear d to remark that their own competitions could give the "Inter" points in this respect.-Yours faithfully, PRELDIINARY.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

:J.uen es will be dealt with under tke follorDing rules ;-

I. - Letters containin;; Queries must be marked on tke top left kana corner 01' tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, ,,6, Canno,z-street, Lond<Jn, E. C, 4.

2. - A II Queries must be accompanied by a Query Coupon" cut from t ke current issue 01 tke Journal, or in case 01 Queries Irom abroad t rom a recent issue.

? -The Textbook, to which rejerence may be made in these columns, is the 36th (I920) Edttion of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

INJURY TO ELBOW JOINT.

A. B. ( Brig-hton).-If in Competition you had to treat a man whos; only hurt was an Injury to Elbow Joint and whose h ome was" near bye" i.e., 60 yards a w ay , would you apply te mporary splints before removing home?

I n strict accordance with Textbook ( p. 20, par. 4) I should lI ot,' a nd neither would you" in actual circumstances." As th e pa tient s home is so near, I would" guard against further misch ief" not by splints but "by other means of restraint " (T ext book p. 48, par. I ), e.g., support limb in arm·sling and bandage to trunk. This done, I would assist patient home an d p ::lstpone active treatment until arrival at his houseN COR BET FLETCHER.

EVERSION OF FOOT.

S. H ( Pontypool ).- Why does the foot lie on its outer side with Fracture of Femur?

T he natural position of our feet when we lie on our backs an d our lower limbs are unbroken, is up." Eversion of

AID 20[

the foot is due partly to weight offoot and p a rtly to anatomical arrangement of muscles attached to head of femur; and i[ is present when the column of the lower limb is broken. It is ' therefore, almost positive eviden ce of fracture of neck of femur but is sometimes seen with fracture of shaft and also With tures of botlt bones of le-g.-N.C.F.

CO:\lPRESSION OF TEMPORAL ART ERY.

S. H. (Pontypool ).- ( J) On p. 157 FIR ST AID there is a question which puzzles me and I would like to know" what precautions should be taken in applying digital pressure to the temporal artery." Also (2) with reference to "the young man shot below right nipple ( FIRS T A m , p. 159) I presume that the instruction to place left arm in sling is a misprint for right.

(

1) The precautions are (a ) that pressure must be accurately applzed on pressure point and efficiently m ain t aine d, as tested by cessation of bleeding ; and ( b) that it be made witizo ut " croo k ing thumb or fingers or d g g ing finger tips into part," and prov ided that no foreign body or fracture is present (Textbook, p. 81 ) (2) Yes.-N C.F

PADS FOR F R..O\ CTU RED COLLARB ONES

F. R . ( Gillingham ).-I note that in Preston s The Triangulm' Bandage no mention is made of pads in a rmp its for Fractures of Both Clavicles. Is it to be understood that pads should be placed in ax ill ;:e? If so, why is thi s instruction not definitely given ?

The omission of pads is intentional and al so cor rec t. In the tre a tment of a broken clavicle, the great obj ect is to keep back the puint of the shoulder. The Textbook method doe s this by leverin;; tlt e clavicle back'wards , and conse q uently requires a pad as fulcrum fo r the lever ( hume r us). The other method, which may be used when both collarbones are fra ctured and is figured in the Bandagin g Bo o k named , a c ts by di r ect traction on the shoulders, which are t ed ba ck in position. Under these circumstance!", pads in aXIII ;:e are 110 indi c ated a nd can serve no useful purpose.

CLASS IFI CATIO OF POISON S

F. R. (Gillingham ) the At;J s wer in Ap ril the expenence d b y Fi rst Alders 111 the Classification of POIsons. He POl11ts out th a t all the various Manuals differ ma rkedly from each other on th is point ; and adds that this tends to create in the minds of students. He a ppeals for the adoption of a constant plan.

I agree: but as I cannot foresee the day whel! su r: h an idea will be carried out, I su g gest that yo u should stick to the Textbook Classification Then, to the spe c ifi c poisons you can add notes of various addit ional fa c ts c ulled from other manuals and so extend your personal knowledge of poi sons, their effe c ts and treatment. - C.F.

TRKo\Tl\lENT OF CO:\IPO U D FRACTURES

X. Y. % -I was the Tudge of the Bulwell Competition about which a Query appeared in the May issue of FIRST AID. I agree entirely with your de c ision on the point it 'lUll S put t o ),O lt. Unfortunately, however, "D. A. " misq u ot ed tile fad s .' The lady wa " in a crowded street· she had a compound fracture of leg (the injured lying beneath the limb ) but th e fr ag ments did 170t protrude; and my object was to see If the team s

202

-FIRST

would, in dealing' with a woman, obtain assistance from women in the crowd.

There were (I believe) 15 teams in the Competitionand only one (of which presumably" D A." was a member) assumed presence of (and treated for) protrusion of fragments. I did not penalise them heavily for this mistake; and if this team scored badly, then it was not due to their handling of the fracture. I always find your rulings 50 strictly fair, so sound, and 50 sensible that I send along the true facts for the sake of the other teams.

Your kindness and courtesy are much appreciated. We all know that competitors do sometimes misunderstand decisions given by us as judges ;. and I am always pleased when opporttmity allows us to clear up such misunderstandings. Of course, my decisions in these columns are always given "provided the statement of facts is correct."-N.C. F.

• GOOD WORK, WELL DONE

D. C. (Cannon Street Hotel).-You may be interested to know that, although I have never met you, yet I was inspired by your articles and columns in FIRST Am to take up ambulance work again after many years' retirement; and that I trained a team of young fellows, to whom 15 months ago the "Black Book ) was unknown.

We won our position as representative team of our Railway, were admitted to the Inter-Railway Final, and have just been placed-well, not last-in this important contest. Before we return home, we send you this note of thanks.

Hearty congratulations! Your report makes good reading, and your thanks are duly appreciated. Keep the pace g-oing and perhaps next year your efforts may be rewarded by first place in the Inter-Railway.-N .C.F.

WOUNDS OF HEAD AND KNEE.

S. H. (f'ontypool) .-With reference to the two-bearer test (detailed in FIRST Am, p. 156) in which a man is supposed to be suffering from grave injuries to the head and knee, each wound being accompanied by arterial bleeding -(r) would such a patient be in a fit state to maintain pressure? and (2) could one bearer apply ejficz'ent pressure on both pressure points at the same time?

The details of marking sheet clearly show that the answers to both queries are in the affirmative, and establish facts which would be disclosed in the competition room by the Judge, o.r in by. cessation of bleeding. Further, If addltlOll2.l eVidenCe IS reqUired, then the instruction card definitely states that patient is quite conscious" and tells you . . : "that is, in other words, he can be of some assistance.

I c.onfess that. I also question the" efficiency)) of pressure by patient (.1 have ere now seen this penalised in competItIOn), and of simultaneous pressure on both carotid and femoral pressure points, more especially as the Textbook (p. 97 ) warns us to both t.humbs for the compression of femoral Still, truth IS stranger than fiction; actual case.s ofte.n disclose unexpected possibilities; and the Judge's deCISion IS final.-N.C.F.

DETAILS OF MARKING SHEETS.

M. D C:Wales).-As a Compe.tition Judg-e of many ye:;.r's exI am surpnsed at the survival of the oldfashl.oned of allotting" extra marks" in a detaIled markmg sheet. Thus, in the recent Inter-Railway Final these up to .more than 10 per cent. of the total! If the detaded sheet IS the fairest known method of examinRtion, then why spoil it in this ffls\lion? Who

AID.-

June, 192 I

among us Judges-in a bsence 0/ details-can be positi ve that he is doling- out this 10 per cent. of marks in str ict accordance with justice? Surely it is realised that th ese marks will influence the final positions of teams, and may make all the difference between first and fifth plac es. Your experience of Railway Finals is exceptional, and I wonder what your views are.

Your views are my views; and personally I never use th is obsolete plan, which to me is not only unfair but also a Confession on the part of the Judge that-either from laziness Or incompetence - he has ?tot solved his own problem in all i ts details. The argument advanced in its favour is that it enables the Judge to give extra marks for unusually brilliant work, i.e., in other words, when the competitors are bett er First Aiders than their master, whose detailed marking she et presumably contains the tlte best possible solution! !-N. C. F.

BANDAGES FOR FRACTURED FEMUR.

G. M. (Millom).-Our surgeon teaches us to apply first the bandages above and below the break with a Fractur ed Femur. I notice, however, that the Textbook instructs us to apply first the bandage round the chest-Which of the se two methods are correct?

What is your standard of "correctness"? If the Textbook, then ¥o.ur query answers itself. If, however, you ask m y personal opmlOn, then I favour the teaching of your Division al Surgeon.

With all fractures of limbs you have to consider" fractur e splints. and limb." Personally I consider it "correct" to control first the fracture, th en the splints, and lastly the limb and I justify my opinion on two facts. First, since the pIes of First Aid teaches us to " remove the cause," and sin ce the pressing danger is atthe fracture - 1 believe it right to de al first with the danger, at its seat of origin. Secondly, since the adoption of a definite system serves to simplify the work, • prefer to lay this down as a " General Rule" applicable to all fractures.

The B.R.C.S. Manual gives a different order and teach e you to control" first the splints, then the fracture, and lastly the limb." Our Textbook, on the other hand, offers a third solution for Fractured Thigh, since its instructions amount to " first the .limb, then the splints, and lastly fracture." InCidentally, It recommends the "fracture, splints and limb " sequence for Fractured Leg.

There is your choice. The practical answer is that, pro,,!zdedyo? are" resource.ful," "dextrous" and" d.iscri minating " m carrymg out the objects of treatment-viz., prevention of of frac.ture. and provision of proper transporttlt en xt zs xmmatenal Z1Z wltat order or by wlzich metlwd yo u apply the bandages.-N.C.F.

T. S. (Bolton).-You should apply for your British Wa r Medal through the officer of your Division. If you are n o longer a member of the Brigade, apply to the Chief Commissioner S.J.A.B., St. John's Gate, London, E.C.I.

In view of the successful results already obtained through the Course for Public Health Nursing, known as the International Course, being held at King's College fo r Women, in London, and which is attended by nurses fro m various countries, it has been decided to repeat the cours e next year under practically the same conditions.

The Division of Nursing of the League of Red Cros s Societies attaches great value to the close contact which is thus established with the nurses of many countries, an d believes that this contact will be maintained in futur e years and will continue to exist among the nurses of th r nationalities represented.

is iodine in its ideal form for Is tb1eOBeDst FEirXst_Aid

I

all external uses. Although IODEX contains 5 % of iodine, Dressing for yet it does not stain the skin, CHILBLAINS, I but penetrates to the underlying tissues, where its valuable CUTS, antiseptic, inflammation-reduc- BRUISES, ing and stimulating properties SPRAIN S, I are most beneficial. IODEX does not irritate even when ABRASIONS, applied upon broken or BURNS, mucous surfaces, and it may SCALDS, therefore be used with safety as a first-aid dressing in all' minor accidents. etc.

TEST IT YOURSELF. F ro m all Chemists Price 2/- per Pot.

MENLEY & JAMES, Ltd., flfamifa ct1l1-ing ClIcllfistr, 64, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C.l.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member 01 S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. A pply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDEN, Sec., College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874) 1 12, St. George's Road, Soutbwark, LondoD.

rlh Edition. 150th THOUSAND. Ful iy Revised. rVi lt 3 0 £ Illust ra tions, so m e colou red Stitr Bouds, 2/9 net, or Limp Leather, 5 / 3 ne t, post fr ee.

"FIRST AID"

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INDEX.

Record Cards, 165

Song of St. John Brigade, 45 Song of the Old White Cross, The, 60 Suggestion for Card Index, 75, 10 9 S. Helena, Folkestone, 108 Text Book, The, 92

INDEX.

Artificial Respiration, I A Curious Fatal Arcldent, 10 Ambulance and Red Cross Work, 43 B

BREVITIES, 8, 24, 40,56,72,89, ]20, 141, 181,200 Bristo\ Centre, S.J.A.B., 26 Birth and Early Days of our Ambulance Trains in France, August 1914 to April, 1915,126,144,207

Coming Events, 7 Child Welfare and Red Cross Work, 46 Common Errors in First Aid, 57, 73; 90, 104, 121, 142, 159 on the Stretcher Test of the Final Railway CompetItIOn, 208

" Dewar " and "Perrott' Shield Competitions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, The, ISO, 201

DI STRICT ORDERS:No. 1-2,18,34,5°,67,82,98, 1I4, 134,154,174,194

2-3, IS, 67, 98

3-34,67,98, II5, [35, 155,194

4-3,18,34,5 1,68,83,99, Jl5, J95

"

5-4. 19,5 1,68, 83,99, lIS, 175, 195

6-68

8- 1 9

9-4, 19, 34, 52,68, 83. 135, 195

JO-4, 34,68: S4, 136 195

" 11-68

E EDITORIAL :-

A Revival in Ambulance Work, 17 Ambulance Examinations, 33 of the S1. John Ambulance Brigade, 113 Ca?et DIVISI?n .of the S.J.A.B., 133

ChIef CommISSIOners' New Year's Message to the Brigade, The, 97

First Aid in Factories, 81 Inter-Railway.Competition, The, 173 Lecturer on FIrst Aid, 65 London Ambulance Service, The, 153

Progress in Ambulance Work, 97 Realism in Competition, 153 Safety and First Aid, 193 The 45. per Day R.A.M.C. Man, The By-Products of an Ambulance Training, 113 V.A.D. in the Melting Pot, 49

F

Furness Railway Ambulance Competition, 25 Festival of the Order of St. John, 13

First Aid Section British Medical Association 23

First Aid in Factories, 66 '

Filming Brigade at Plymouth, 42 Free Training for Nurses in Receipt of a Disability Pension under the Royal Warrant, 41 First Aid in Gas Poisoning, 88, 123 First Aid in Iron and Steel Works, 106 H

Hints on Ambulance Transport Work, 124

Inter-Railway Competitions, 182 India, 45 L

The London and North-Western Ambulance Centre 55 Louth Centre, S.J.A A., 26 League of Mercy, 36

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR :Appeal for the London Hospital, I Ambulance Stricter Lines, 27, 45 Ambulance QuaiJficatlOn, 45

A Suggestion, 60 Ambulance Stations, 60 Sisters U.niform, 166, 179, 210

ExammatlOns on StrIcter Lines, 60 76 109

Future of V.A.D.'s, 76

First Aid in. Iron and Steel Works, 114, 145 Home ServIce Ambulances, 27 Inspections, 165

Improvements. in AI::lllual Inspection, 109

Lectures on FIrst AId, 109, 146

M.H.H.R. Recognition, 179 Nursing Sisters Uniform, 146 Richborough Castle, 76

New Deputy Ceief Commissioner of the S.J.A.B., The, 124 North-Eastern Railway, 27 New Zealand, 45

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :-

A Competitor's Plaint, 14

A Spectator's Plaint, 14

A Poser, 14

Alcohol for Snake Bites, 93

A Greeting, 170

Aids to First Aid, T28

Asphyxia with Compression of Brain, 128

Asphy and Coughing of Blood, 210

A Drill Query, 77

Broken Patella and Torn Calf Muscles, 62, 77, 110

Burns and Adherent Cloth ng, 170

(;auses of Burns, 94

Competition Howlers, 190

Compound, Complicated Fracture of Thigh, 29, 148

Compound Fracture of Ribs, 148

Choice of Dressing, 46

Cocaine Poisoning, 190

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 128

Dressing for Wound and Burn, 190

Estimation of Pain, 14

External Use of Spirits, 46

Extension of Compound Fracture. 94

Errors in Text Book, 110

Effects of Strang-ulatlOn, 190

First Aid with Efficiency 30

Fractured Neck of Femur, 77

Fracture of Tarsus, 110

Fracture of Base of Skull, 110

Fractured Base of Skull, 148

Fractures of Clavicles and Ribs, 170

Fracture of Collarbone and Humerus, 190

History of First Aid, 46

I njury to Elbow Joint, 14

Injury to Femoral Artery, 77

I mprovisation of Stretchers, 209

Knots of Arm-Slings, 61

Methods of Artificial Respiration, 29

Method of Artificial Respiration, 76

Mixed Poisons, 61

Membership of S T.A.A., 94

Official Eye Solution, 29

R.N.A.S.B. Reserve Bounty, 78

Removal of Fractured Spine, 130

Reaction of Pupils in Concussion, J 30

Re-Action of Pupils, 209

Signs and Symptoms of Syncope, 13

Signs and Symptoms of Sunstroke, 13

Signs of Fractured Scapula, 130

Shock for Abdominal Injury, 94

Shock from Abdominal Injury, 14 8

Splints for Fractured Thigh, 46

Schaefer's Method, 46

Schaefer'S Artificial Respiration, 189

Strychnine Poisoning-, 30

Severed Axillary Artery, 128

Silvester's Artificial Respiration, 130

Structure of Knee and Ankle Joints, 170

Training of Competition Teams, J 3

Transport of Fracture Femur, 77

Heat Stroke, 30 Wasp Stings, 6r, 93

Drowning, 76

H ::e morrhage,93

Venomons Bites, 94

Alcoholism, 110

Burst Varicose Veins, 128

Boils, 128

Fractured Patella, IS0

Fractured Thumb, 209

Bleeding, 148

Treatment of Bleeding Palms, 29 )) )) )) " )) " " " " ))

Arterial Bleeding, 170

Abdominal Wound, 170, 190, 210 )) Dislocated Shoulder, 190 " Burns, 170, 2IO

Uses of Paraffin, 29

Use of Cocain Eye Drops, 93 Wasp Sting in Throat, 62

Wounds in Competition Tests, 110 o

Old White Cross, The, 41 Original Lectures by the Red Cross, 134 Our Portrait Gallery, 178

p

Priory of Wales, 34

PRACTICAL POINTS:-

A Curious Fatal Accident, 52

A Curious Accident, 88,125,154

Another Narrow Escape,29

A Lucky Escape209

A Resourceful Action, 174

First Aid with Perseverance, 39 " " Resourcefulness, 28 19 174 Discriminat on, 28 " " Efficiency, 52, 66, 88 " "in Mid-Air, 136 " "to Animals, ] 36

Home Dangers of Gas, 125

Rewards of F Irst Aid, 28

Unusual Cause of Poisoning, 66

Uses of FIrst A id, 154

Unusual Cause of Suffocation, 209

PRIORY FOR WALES-

Official Brigade Gazette, 9 VIsit of the Prior His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, 9 R

Report of Bri tish Reel Cross Society and Order of St. John, 20 Railway Ambulance, 59, 107, 162

REVIEWS :-

A Short History of the Order of the St. John of Jerusalem 15 6

At Salonika, 99

Bandaging and Bandages 44

First Aid and Rescue Work III Mmes, 25

First Aid X-Ray Atlas of Arteries, 99 Health in a Few Words, 206

Popular Chemical Dictionary, 94 s

Service Medals, 1914-1918, 12

South-Eastern and 26, 147

St. John Am bulance AssoClatlOn, 41

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE;Award of Life Sav ing Medal, 199

Death of Col. Sir H. C. Perrott, Bart., C. B., 119

Foreign Red Cross Nurses at St. John's Gate, 139

George Henry Darwin, M.B.E., lO2

Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, The, 6, 22, 70, 87, lOI,13 8 , 19 8

Home Service Ambulance, 7

Official Brigade Gazette, 5,21,37,53,69,84, 100, 117, 137, 157, 176, 197

Presentation of V.A.D. Wedding Gift to V.A.D. Commandant H.R. H. Princess Mary, 140 V.A.D. Notes and News, 6, 22, 38, 54, 7 1,87, 101, lI8, 139, 15 8 177, 198

T

Twenty-five Yean;' Work on the Great Western Railway, 102 w " William Heywood" Shield Competition. 11

AID

ST. JOHN. AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 325.-VOL. XXVIII JULY, 19 21

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI RST AiD is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d •

Its aim and object being the advancement o. Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Rep orts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the I zth of each month, and must be accompanied (,tot necessarily for ()ublication) by the name and address of the Cor respondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. Telegraphic Address: "Twentv-four, London." Telephone No. 5477 Ban k

EDITORIAL.

SIR PHILIP SASSOON interceding at the The 4 5 per War Office pressing for a fulfilment of day R.A.M.C. the promise to certain R.A.M.C. men in Man. regard to the difference between IS. tid. and 4s. per day for their whole period of service has raised a question of much importance to ma ny men of the S.J.A.B. who enlisted between the 4th and 14th August, 19 1 4

According to the official facts of the War Office a few me n enlisted into the R.A.M.C. at Devonport between th e 4th and 14th August were promised erroneously by the Re cruiting Officer 45. per day, which rate has now been aut horised for them in view of the exceptional circumstances atte nding the enlistment. Evidently the members of the Fol kestone Division on whose behalf Sir Philip Sassoon has so successfully interceded were amongst those few men wh o enlisted at Devonport.

This explanation which the War Office has put forward is no doubt intended to side tract the whole question, and as far as we are concerned, we shall not let the matter rest for on August 4th, 1914, a special Army Order was published to enlist from Civil sources, additional trained men

such as cooks, tailors, drivers, &c., including hospital subordinates and clerks 4S. a day. This Army Order did not apply to the original M.H.H.R. as - such which was mobilised as a pre-war Reserve, the pay of which was IS 6d. Only in the case of those members of the Reserve who specifically enlisted under the condition of this Army Order did the 4S. per day rate apply, and it was pointed out by the Chief Commissioner at the time "that any members of the may enlist under the conditions of the Army Order of 4.8.14. when tbey would receive the pay and allowances therein noted, otherwise they will receive the pay and allowances they agreed to under the M.H.H R.

This clearly defines th e position and the attitude which the War Office has taken up in tbis matter is beyond comprehension for it appears to us they are trying to debar members of the Brigade of their arrears of pay under a definite contract. We have tak€'n this matter up with several Members of Parliament, and in the meantime any cases of men who enlisted under the Army Order in question and did not receive the pay and allowances under that Order should communicate to the Chief Commissioner through the usual channels.

Artificial Respiration.

By HENTON WHITE, M. D.

NATURAL Respiration is carried out by :-

(I) The elevation of the ribs pushing forward the sternum and so increasing the diamet t r of the chest from front to back. This is effected by the muscles of the chest wall contracting and pulling up the ribs. It is imitated in Silvester's method of artificial respiration.

(2) The Contraction of th e Diaphragm, which pushes down the stomach and liver and so increases the vertical diameter of the chest. These movements are imitated in Schafer's method of artificial respiration.

These movements are brought about as a result of

-FIRST

orders coming from the Respiratory Centre to the muscles concerned. This Centre is in the lower part of the brain.

It is obvious that if orders do not come from the Centre the movements will not take place.

In Insensibility, as Coma deepens, the Respiratory Centre begins to fail: respiration becomes shallower and more irregular and in time ceases.

The heart continues to beat in many cases, as this organ is not so easily put out of action as is the Respiratory Centre; finally as the blood becomes more and more impure in the absence of the purifying action of Respiration, the heart fails and death ensues.

The most powerful stimulant to the Respirstory Centre is impure blood circulating through it; there arc, however, other methods of stimulating the Centre which may whip it into action when exhausted. Some of these are irritants to the respiratory passages such as snuff, smelling salts and ammonia, or the sudden application of cold water or cold air to the face and chest.

Traction on the tongue, as in Laborde's method of artificial respiration, is a powerful stimulus.

When a patient c e ases breathing under chloroform as the result of exhaustion of the Respiratory Centre, either from the shock of the operation, or from the effect of too great a concentration in the blood of the chloroform tongue by method is' gtmerally tned, as the carrymg out of Schafer's or Silvester's method would interfere with the operation.

If, however, Respiration is not re-established as a result of a few seconds' tongue traction one of the methods is resorted to, otherwise the patient wlll dIe. •

It is not always realised by first aiders that Laborde's method is based on quite different principles to the other methods, and is not at once successful in initiating natural breath 109 It IS to be given up and some other method us e d.

It is, as the Textbook states, only to be tried.

If the patient has an injury to the upper extremity such as a fractured arm, obviously Silvester's method will not be the method of choice. Turn over the patient carefully by way of the sound side, and, without waiting to splint t e arm, do Schafer's method.

If. the ribs are fractured and Laborde's method fails, dIscretIOn must be used. If the lower ribs are broken I should use Silvester's method; if the upper ribs Schafer's.

.I.t must he always in min? that, however great IOJury and however senous the rIsk of causing further .to bones and parts around, Respiration must be mamtalOe.d, and there must be no hesitation if Laborde's method IS unsuccessful in resorting to a mechanical method.

A live man with a compound complicated fracture is better than a dead one with a simple fracture.

Mr. S. Osborn, F R.C.S , Knight of Grace of the Orderof St. John o.f ] trusaltm, has received from H. M. the KIng of the Belgians "the Croix de Chevalier" "de de la Couronne," in recognitIOn of the servIces which he rendered to the Belgian cause during the war.

When corresponding with Advertisers p·lea-se mention "First Aid "

1921.

3'he Grand 'riorg of the Order of the .l<ospital of St. John of jerusalem in f;nglugd.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'be St. John ;\mbulance Srigade. No. I Distrh:.t COMMISSIONER; DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. August, 1921.

Sunday, 7th.-No. 74 Division, London City Mission. " 14th.-No. 76 Limehouse.

" 21St.-No. 77 " Underground Railways. " 2Ith.-No. 78 " Enfield.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

UNIFORM PERMITS. applications for uniform permits should not be made untIl an announcement has been made on the subject.

APPOINTMENT OF DIVISIONAL SURGEON.

The Chief Commissioner has decided that in future a can only hol.d office <is Divisional Surgeon to one DIVISIon at the same time.

GUARD OF HONOUR FOR H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT.

The Commissioner has decided to state that H.R.H. The Grand Pripr of the Order of St. John, expressed to him his gratification at the smart appearance of the men who formed Guard of H.on.our on St. John's Day, June 24th, and deSired the CommiSSIoner to express his appreciation of the effort made by the members to turn out at some inconvenience to themselves.

RE-EXAMINATIONS.

The Commissioner desires to draw the attention of officers and members in charge of DIvisions, to the fact that when members of one Division are being re·examined with Divisi<?n, a separate set of forms must be used for each ThiS means, that an application for the desired reexammatlOn must be made to the Commissioner by each of the of the and the necessary forms wdl be sent to the Exammmg Surgeon and the officer or member in charge.

MILITARY HOME HOSPITAL RESERVE.

applications have been received from Divisions whc:> conSider th'!lt members who enlisted in August, 1914, are entItled to the dIfference between their Army pay and 4S. per day.

The matter has been referred by the Chief Commissioner to the <?ffice, bu.t at present no decision has been received: Should DIVISI?nS Wish to application for any of their memb ers cons.ldered to be entItled to the difference in pay, the follOWing partIculars should be furnished :-

Registered Number.

Name in full.

Date and place of enlistment.

Date of demobilisation.

Hospital or Unit in which they served.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisi.onal Secre.taries requested, when sending newspa{?er cuttlOgs of their meetmgs, etc., to give the date of publicatlOn of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

July, 19 2 1.

-FIRST

HAMPSTEAD (29) DIVISION.-On the 28th ult. Miss Hoare-whose name is intimately associated with the ambulance movement and other good works in Hampstead-invited the Division to her house for a garden party; and during a lull in the festivites distributed the Divisional Annual

The "Efficiency Badge 1) for the best individual work in competition combined with regular attendance at drills was won by Pte. Simmons; the" Woodgate Cup" for individual work in competition, by Pte. Tull; the "Hoare" Efficiency Medal for the best all-round work of the year by Staff-Sergt. Warren; and the" Hurst" Team Cup by Pte. Norwood's squad.

Further presentations made were from the officers and men of a silver capped ebony stick, suitably engraved, to AIO C. T. Osborn, who this year completes 25 years efficient service to the Division; and from District Headquarters the certificates (neatly framed by the Division) awarded to the team which last year won the "Osborn" Shield-Ptes. Tull, Simmons, W. Edwards, and F. Edwards.

During the evening Dr Corbet Fletcher directed a most efficient demonstration of the different methods of transport, the various items being carried out by each and all the members present and without any previous or special preparation.

Staff-Sergt. W. 'Varren has been promoted Hon. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John, a distinction which he has well and truly earned by devoted and consistent service to ambulance work during a period of 22 years. The Division has reason to be proud of its three H.S.B's, A/O Osborn, AIO Milburn and Staff-Sergt. Warren.

No. 2 District.

SOUTHAMPTON.-It is with deep regret we have to record the death of Lieut.-Col. G. E. Twiss, who for many years took an active interest in the S.J .A.B. in the No. 2 District. With full military honours the funeral took place at Southampton Cemetery on July 1st, the bearer party being composed of members of the S.J.A.B., in charge of Supts. W. Fulford and Moorman.

The St. John Ambulance Association, of which Col. Twiss was the indefatigable secretary of the local Centre, was strongly represented, as were also the British Red Cross and the local V.A.D.'s. A detachment of the Rownhams and Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade attended, under Miss Lafone, and a detachment of the Calmore Nursing Division, under Miss Everert (Lady Supt.), Miss C. Everett, Mrs. Gulliver, and Miss Broomfield. The Southampton Nursing Division, of which Mrs. Twiss is Lady Supt., was represented by Mrs. Graham-Smith (senior nursing officer), Miss Alexander (secretary Southampton Division), and Mr. W. T. Fulford (Corps Supt. and Secretary) Woolston Nursing Division were present, under Mrs. W. H. Bell (Lady Supt.) and Mrs. F. Cole (First Nursing Officer), Miss A. W. Penny and Miss A. Baker (treasurer), while Portsmouth Nursing Division, in the absence of Lady Supt. Mrs. Fulljames, were First Officer Mrs. Kiln and Second Officer Miss Hunt. Shirley Nursing Division were represented by the retiring Commandant, Mrs. Cross, the new Commandant, Mrs. Gordon, Mrs. Port and Sister Hedges, and Canute Nursing Division by Mrs. Mustard and Mrs. Burnett. Commandant Miss Farmar and Wainwright were in charge of the V.A.D.'s while the Southampton Girls Cuides represented by Lieut. N. Knowles.

The impressive service of the Church of England was conducted by Canon Lovett, and at the conclusion of the firing party discharged the usual volleys. and the "Last Post 1) was sounded by the Cadet buglers.

The widow's floral tribute, a beautiful token of remembrance, composed of white lilies and laurel leaves, wa:; lowered into the grave, and the members of the Nursing Divisions and othtrs showered down flowers on the casket.

No. 4 District.

BIRKENHEAD.-The Sectional Cup Competition of the Cammell Laird Ambulance Division was held on July 2nd.

The direct aim this year has been to stage an accident of a complicated nature; to keep it wi thing the bounds of possibility from a shipyard point of view and to stage it as near the

AI D.- 3

actual thing as possible. Briefly, the accident staged was ;Two stages had been erected one above the other for the purpose of whitewashing the roof of the canteen; the upper stage had collapsed and pinned a man on the lower stage, and another man had fallen to the ground and was lying among the debris. The man on the stage had a simple fracture of the leg, and the man on the ground had a compound fracture of the leg, a wound at the side of the head and displayed signs and symptoms which led to the discovery of a broken back. As soon as a certain point had been reached in the treatment of these two cases a youth among the spectators would take a dose of prussic acid!

This, of course, was the spectacular part of the competition. Prior to these tests each man had been put through viva voce examination by Dr. MacFarland, and was examined in stretcher drill by Sergt. Major Smith.

From the foregoing it will be seen that there was plenty of work for each team to get through, and it is very pleasing to record the fact that the whole arrangements worked without a hitch, and were completed on time.

At the conclusion of the competition, Mrs. Woodward kindly presented the cup and medals and had a word of encouragement for each recipient. Mr. Woodward, whose very active support is greatly appreciatecf, spoke in very trenchant terms of the splendid work the members were doing, exhorted them to greater efforts and congratulated them upon the skilful exhibition of their work.

DUKINFIELD.-The fifth annual review of the Association of Cheshire Corps and Divisions, NO.4 District was held on June lIth at Dukinfield. It was also the 21St anniversary of the formation of the Staleybridge and Dukinfield Division.

The Divisions on parade assembled in front of the Town Hall in the following order, and presented a very imposing spectacle :-Nursing Divisions - Dukinfield, Stalybridge, Whaley Bridge, Stockport, Reddish, Macclesfield. The total number on parade being 204.

Ambulance Divisions-Stalybridge and Dukinfield, Crewe, Reddish, Whaley Bridge, Newtown, Stockport, Altrincham, Bredbury and Romiley, Bollington.

The Inspecing Officer was Col. C. J. Trimble, C.B., Commissioner, who was accompanied by Wm. Clare Lees, O.B.E., J.P., Asst.-Commissioner for Cheshire.. Asst.-Commisioner W. S. Woodcock, M.B.E., was in command of the parade; District Officer C. H. Fowler- Jones was in charge of the Nursing Divisions with Div .- Supt. C. W. Tapson, D.C.M , as Adjutant. Col. Trimble and his Staff were received in the Mayor's parlour at the Town Hall by the Mayor, Alderman H. Brown, C.C., J.P. and the Mayoress.

The procession, headed by the Adamson mJiltary band and accompanied by the Boy Scouts and Boys' Life Brigade and Girl Guides, left the Town Hall for the Cricket Ground, where a large number of people had

The Inspecting Officer by hiS Staff, on arriving on the ground was w.lth the general salute; after which he inspected the DIVISions lme l\ft.er the ma:-ch past in column of fours with the NurslOg DIVISions leadmg, the divisions formed up for a display of first .aid wC?rk, including stretcher drill hand-seat drill and bandagmg, triangular and and roller for 'Nursing Divisions. After the division forn: ed three sides of a square and were addressed by the Inspectmg Officer, who congratulated them .on .the work an? the splendid number on parade conSIderIng all the ddncultles of transport and the great amount of unemployment. He urged them all to settle down again to active work and throw off the feeling of war weariness.

The following awards then presented to the of the Reddish Division ;-Dlv.-Surgeon T. Hanson SmIth, 5 years service, bar and star; Div.-Supt. ]. P. Bent, 5 ye:us service, bar and star; Sergt. J. Hall, 15 years serVice, and 5 years bar and star; Capt. J. Heathcote, 15 years service medal. At the close, the Nursing and marched to the old chapel schools, where. was the Mayor and Mayoress kindly entertamIng Col. .Tnmble and all the staff officers. During. the Tapson of the Stalybridge and Duklnfield DIVISIOn, saId how

4

-FIRST

pleased he was that the division was able to celebrate its 21st anniversary, and thanked all those who had come forward to held to make the Review a success. He referred to the great loss the divis ion sustained in I9I S, of the founder, and for 15 years Div.-Surgeon, the Dr. Clarke, When he himself came back from active service ID I9I9, things looked in a very black position, but thanks to the loyalty of some of the members they had been able to avoid going down altogether, and now, thanks tc the ki,ndly assistance ot Dr E. J. Combe, who had re:ently come IDto the town after being on active service for five years, they felt they had a wurthy successor to the late Dr. Clarke as Divisional Surgeon. Unfortunately Dr. Coombe was unable to be with them that day owing to an important case. Supt. Tapson appealed for more young men to come forward and bring the division back to its pre-war standard, reminding them that thirty-two members served during the war, eight of whom paid the supreme sacrifice. He also told them that the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions had raised £90 towards the -"l'o. 4 District Fund, and he now asked Lady Supt. A. M. Broadley of the Stalybridge Nursing Division to hand the sum of £30 to Col. Trimble Lady Supt. M. Challenger £30 for the Dukinfield Nursing Division; while he himself handed over £30 for the Stalybridge and Dukinfield Ambulance Division.

Col. Trimble in acknowledging these gifts, said the money would help to carryon the good work of the Ambulance department in NO.4 District. He iloped that every other Division would r:ome forward in a like manner so that they would be able to get the £10,00 0 asked for.

A hearty vote of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress for their hosp itality and attendance terminated the proceedings.

No. 5 District.

SHEEPBRIDGE. - The Sheebridge and District Division held a week-end camp at Cromford from June 10th to 12th, occupying Cromford Mill, famous for its association with Arkwright of" Spinning Jenny " fame, kindly placed at the disposal of the Division by Mr. G. H. Key.

The time was pretty well occupied by parades, etc. On Sunday an inspection parade took place in the paddock of \Vlllersley, the home of Mr. F. C. Arkwright, the inspecting officer being Mr. H. C. Chambers of Beighton, Assistant Commissioner for No. 5 District. In the morning the corps attended service at Cromford Church, the parade being headed by the siver band of the Sheepbridge Works.

BIDDULPH - The members of this Division met on june lIth to pay a parting tribute to Ambulance Officer W. F. Powell, who sailed for Canada at the latter part of the month.

Mr. A. J Dist.rict Sergeant Major, attached to the Blddulph DIVISion, ID makmg the presentatIOn, said how they all regretted the ?c.c,;!slOn for sllch a gathering, as it represented the loss to the DIVISion of a good member and one who had worked hard for its success. On the other hand he was pleased to have the opportunity, on behalf of his fellow members of presenting M.r. Powe.ll a travelling toilet case and a pipe and cas e, which with them the whole-hearted expression for future from every member of the Biddulph DIVISIon, including the late superintendent.

Mr. Powell, who was received with musical honours said he could hardly thank them sufficiently for their and of his services. The present had come quite as a surprise to hIm He should always have a warm spot in his for Blddulph Ambulance Brigade. He had always tried to do hIS best for the brigade for the simple reason that he loved the work.

No. 9 District.

NEWTON ABBOTT.-We have to record with much regret the death of Corps S uperintendent, W. Jewell, which took place oIl: July ISt. With a others he was responsible for of the movement III Newton, and he retained his Interest III It to the last. He was one of the only two surviving

A I D.- July, [921.

members who had been connected with the movement from its formation 1893, the other being Sergt Found, and the y, together wuh the late Deputy-CommissIoner, Dr. R. H. Grimbly, all did grand work in hrwarding the Corps' interests. Fostered by their enthusiasm and energy, supplemented a fe w years later by that of Corps Sec. J. Rice, who became the la te ::lupt. Jewell's right-hand they saw the movement gro w f ro m the smallest of beginnings and a mere handful of membe rs to its present proportions, with a membership of over IOO' . palatial headquarters, and a Corps comprising divisions Newton, Abbottskerswell, Kingsteighton, Teignmouth an d Dawlish, and also a Nursing Division at Newton.

The interment took place on July 5th. There was in attendance a large complement of officers and members of he St. John Ambulance Brigade from Newton and district, including cd C. 1. Ellis, C.M.G., Commissioner for Devo n Dorset and Cornwall; Mr. H. V. Miller, Assistant sioner for Devon; Staff-Officer Pengelley, Plymouth; Corp sSurgeon J. J. Scrase, Hon. Surgeon, T. F. Higgin, Mr. H. Michelmore, president ot the Newton Division; Dr. Mort on Palmer, Supt. and Surgeon, Teignmout; Corps Sec. J. Ric e, Supt. W. vVyse, Supt. Bowden ( Exeter ), Ambulance Office rs Greenslade, Bilton (Teignmouth), Newcombe ( Kingsteignton ), Corpl. E. E. Young ( Inspector of Stores ), Sergt. Curtis (To rquay Division ), Corpl. Rickwood ( Dawlish Division), Sergts. Creech, Benham, Wotton, Corpls. Milton, Collman, Picket t, Carnell, Scott, Pte. W. H. Willcocks ( Divisional hon. secretary ) about 50 members of the Newton Corps and deta ch m ents from Torquay, Teignmouth and Dawlish. Miss M. Moysey, lady superintendent, represented the Newton Nursin g Division of the Brigade.

No. 10 District.

IpSWICH.-A church parade of the Ipswich Corps was held on Sunday, June 24th, at Tacket-street Congregation al Church. The parade was headed by the drum and fife an d bugle band of the Life Brigade, under Lieut. G. Goddard.

An address was given by the minister, the Rev. J. A. Patten, M.C., M.A , who had as his subject" The high cost of living," based upon the text, "He that loseth hIS life for My sake shall find ,it, " in he led the congregation to see, in every walk of hfe, those thmgs which cost the most effort we re the most profitable.

A good attendance of officers and men in their ne w uniforms added a smart and pleasing effect, also a co ntingent of the nursing sisters who met the parade at t he church.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

On June 20th the competition for the Naas Nursing Div Ision ·-an Ambulance Challenge Cup- was held at the N aa s Cricket Club ground.s,. hired for the occasion by Miss Wyl ie, a member of the DIVISIon. The" cup" consisted of a sm all r()se bowl on a plinth, for first prize; and a miniatur e silver cup for the runner - up. These were presented by th e Lady Divisional Supt. Miss E. Moore, and were offered for th e nursing sisters only; the winner of the officers class receiving a medal.

The rose bow.l was won by Mrs. Pratt, Bank House, Naa s; the runner-up bemg Mrs. Graham, Castlesize, Sallins. Mis s Violet Moore, Killashee, N aas, won the officers' medal.

The competitors were examined Lady District Supt. Dr. Ella Webb, Lady. J?istri.ct OffIcer Blandford, and Corp s Supt. Mr. MacWIlllam III Home Nursmg, History of the Orde r and Rules and First Aid.

The tea was given by the Lady Albreda Bourke fthe Lad y Charlotte Fitzwilliam and Mrs. Greer, and was b y Mrs. de Vere Kennedy and Mrs. Kent. The table was beaut ifully decorated with flowers from the Straffan Gardens, arrange d by the gardener, Mr. Struter (an ex-St. John man) and was turned with black and white ribbons presented' by Mr s. Croshaw. The" area" was marked out with St. John Ambu· lance Brigade flags presented by Miss E. Mqpre.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

JUNE, I9 2 1.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the followilJg a ppointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 75 (B orough of Southend ).-Sergt. Edward John Hy land to be Transport Officer, 21.6.21

No. 83 ( Northern Heights ) Officer

L eonard Harry Ridge Claydon to be Sup.t., 22.6.21

No. 85 (Ealing) Division ).- Francis Willtam Cltfford to be Di visional Supt, 7.7. 21

No. 51 (Blackheath) NursiIl:g Division.-Lady Ambulance

Offic ers Miss E. L. May and MISS F. May transferred from the

N o. 19N ( New Cross ) Nursing 14·6 2I

No. 44 (Acton) Nursing SIster

E velyn Francis Moran to be Lady DlVlslOnal Supt., 6.6.21

NO .2 DISTRICT.

City of Bristol Corps (Totterdown Marine Division ).-

S ergt. James Frederick Smith to be Ambulance Officer,

17. 6 21 ., ) L d

Southampton Corps (Woolston Nursmg DlvISlon. - a y

A mbulance Officer Mrs. T. K. Bell to be Lady Divisional Supt.,

Manchester and Salford Corps (N orth West Manchester Division ).-Ambulance Officer Mark N. Lush to be Divisional Supt., 24.6.21

Tyldesley Division.- Div isional Supt. Grimbam ferred to Warrington Division as supernumerary to establtshment, 6 7.21

Oldhanl Corps. ·-Divisional Supt. James Hamson to be Corps Supt., 27.6.21

Chester Division.-Meredith Young, M.D., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.7. 21

NO.5 DISTRICT.

County of ottingham.-Assistant Commissioner W. H. Chambers to be Assistant Commissioner-in-Charge, 14 6 21 North S taffordshi re Area. -Corps Officer Charles Enoch Evans to be District Officer, 23 6 21

Burton-on-Trent Division.-Sergt. Will ia m Andrews to be Ambulance Officer, 9. 6 21

Derby Nursing Division. - Divisional Surgeon G. D. Moon resigned, 14·6 2I

Sowerby Bridge Division.-Ambulance Officer Arthur Wallace Whitaker to be Divisional Supt., 25.5 21

Pontefract Corps.-Sergt. William Colley to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 2.6.21

Ilkeston Corps.-Staff-Sergt. Samuel Dawes to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 2.6.21

Dewsburyand Dlstnct Corps ( Ravensthorpe

Staff-Sergt. Moses France to be Ambulance 31. S·: I

21.6.21

I Ambulance Sister Francis Cole to be Lady Ambu ance Offi Cer,2I.6.2 1

N O.3 DISTRICT.

County of Leicester.-Divisional Surgeon Bernard Venn

Dunn to be County Surgeon, 15. 6 21

County of Northampton.-Corps Surgeon Robert Arthur Milligan: O.B.E., M.D., to be Surgeon, 4.7. 21

Birmingham Corps (BourneVille Works Dlvlslon ).-

Ed ward Elton Mather, M.A., M B., B.Ch., M.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 27·6.21

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Edgbaston Nursing Divisi on ).-Lady Ambulance Offi,er Mrs. C. Chatwin resigned, 22. 6.21

D"

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Carrs. Lane Nursmg IVIsi on).- Divisional Surgeon Dr. Dale resIgned, 14: 6 21

Birmingham Nursmg Corps ('f..W.C.A Nursmg DIVISIOn )

- Ambulance Sister Gertrude Adelme Austm to be Lady Amb ulance Officer, 2.6.21

Lady Ambulance Officer Amy "V irginia Devey to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2.6.21

Dudley and District Corps. -Staff Sergt. Herbert Webb to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 15. 6 21

Dudley and District Corps (Stourbndge D.lv ls.lOn ).-Ambulance Officer Charles Sidney Hall to be DIVISIonal Supt., 8. 7.2korth Worcestershire Corps.-Corps Supt. VV. Holland resigned, 5.7. 21 b I Offi

Three Spires Nursmg DlvlslOn.-Lady Am u ance cer Miss M. Edgar res,igned, 1,4 6'.21 .'

Twywell DivislOD.-Dlvlslonal Surgeon 1. Gamer resigned I6 .6.21

NO.4 DISTRICT.

The Roach Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss Mackichan resigned, 14. 6 21 Liverpool Corps (Liverpool Headquarters DlvlslOn).Corpl. T. W. James to be Ambulance Officer, 21.8.17

Dewsburyand District Corps ( Batley DIVISIDn ).-Staff"Sergt. W illiam Postlethwaite to be 31.5. 21

vVolstantolJ Nursing Division.-Lady D1V1slOnal !:>upt. J. Hobson resigned, 19. 6 21

North Stafts Railway Corps (Stoke Dlvlslon ). -DIYlslonal Supt. T. Longsdale y·5·21

Leeds Corps ( City Dlvlslon ).- Ambulance Officer Arthur Abbott to be Divisional Supt. 23·6 2I Corpl. George Thorp to be Ambulance Officer, 23. 6 . 2 I

NO.6 DISTRICT.

District Officer Q. A. Nicol resigned?

Hull Corps ( Peel House Nursing DlvlslOn ).--Lady Divisional Supt Miss D. Robinson resIgned, 1-1- 6 21

Hull Corps ( Peel House Nursmg D1V1slOn ).-Lady lance Officer Mrs. Mary Johnson, O.B.E. to be Lady DIVI' sional Supt., 10.6.21 .'

Hull Corps (Western .N ursmg Dlvlslon ). -Lady Ambnlance Officer A. L. Gray reslgned, 8.7. 21

Charla wand Sacriston CollIery Dlvlslon.-Corpl. John Harrison to be Ambulance Officer, 16:6:2.1

Malton and Norton ursing DIVISIonal Supt. Mrs. F. F. Chapman transferred to the Bngade Reserve, 2I.6.2I L d D' I

Sunderland Western Nursing DlvlSlon.- a Y .JVISIO na Supt. Mrs. M. Shield and Lady Ambulance Officer MISS J. N. Spier resigned, 14·6 2I

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Ci ty Dlvlslon).-Sergt. George Forster to be Ambulance Officer, 25·?·21. Mid-Durham Corps.-Lady DIVISIOnal Supt. Rose Ida Robson to be Lady Supt. 20.6.21

Sergt. Robert Birtley to be C,?rps Officer, 27·6 2I North Durham Corps.-Lady DiVISIonal Supt. Mary CatherIne Bruno Miller, R.R.C. to be Lady Corps Supt., 9. 6 21 North Durham Corps (Ga teshead ursmg DIVIsion).-Michael Brennan M.B., B.S. to be D1V1SlOnai Surgeon, 27. 6 ,21

6 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETIE.- July, 1921.

NO.7 DISTRICT.

lJivisional Supt. Robert Peploe Cartwright, M.B., Ch.B., to be County Surgeon {or Shropshire, 236.21

Oswestry Dlvlslon -John Mitchlson Crofton M.B.

M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 23,6.21 ,

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Lady, Division al Sup'. Charlotte Anne Gilson Falwasser appolDtea Lady DIstrict Officer for Kent, 24.5.21

Guildford Corps (GuJldford Dlvislon).- J arne HilI Williamson Lal ng, C.M., to be DivislOnal Surgeon, 6.6.21 . GuJldford Corps (Cla ndon Nursing DIvIsIOn) -Lady DiviSIOnal Supt. Mrs. Rowcl lffe resigned, 12.7.21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Newton Abbot Corps -Corps Supt. Jewell deceased

5. 6 21

Corps Officer John Rice to be Corps Supt., 12.7.21

K Newton Abbot Corps (N ewton Abbot Dlvision).-Colin

109'l SO.B.E., M.A., lVI.B., B.C., M.R.C.S., etc. to be DlviSIOna urgeon, 19.6.21

0]' Falmouth urslOg Division.-Ambulance Sister Maud

IVla Hosken to be Lady Ambulance Officer 5621

Ambulance Sister Margaret Emma Stuar; be Lady A _ buJance Officer, 6.6 21 m

b I Pool Cam Brae Division. - Pte. Francis Opie to be Amu aace Officer, 28.6.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Addiscombe I?i.vision.-Arnbulance Officer Charles Victor Hawker to be DlvlslOnal Supt., 25 6 21

SergI.

M. Twiddle to be Ambulance Officer 2 621

Corpl..WtlhaI? Jess.on be Ambulance Officer, VIctoria StatIon Dlvlslon.-Baron Lionel Walt R h chIld Bt J P FRS b H er ot s- 5 ., .. , ..., to e onorary VIce-President 21621 ergt. J <;r ouch to be Ambulance Officer, 8.7.'21

Chatham Officer Francis Arthur Hawsworth to be DIVISIonal Supt., 11.7.21

NEW DIVISIONS, &c

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Central Nursing Division.-Sanctioned 6.6.21

NO. 6 DISTRICT.

Crook and District.-Disbanded 6.7.21 and Norton Division.-Disbanded 21.621 am ton CollIery Dlvlslon.-Disbanded 28.6.21

No.8 DISTRICT.

Dover and Temple Ewell ursing D D b

6.7.21 IVlSlon. - IS anded

L ittlehampton Nursing Division.-Disbanded 6.7.21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Plymuuth Central Divis ion.-Sanctioned 99 D lvision.-Sanctioned 7 I utley Dlvlslon.-Sanctioned 7-7.21

DEATHS.

La.dy Divisional Supt Miss 0

Woolston Nursing 23. 6 2.1 ummanney, No.2 District

W. Jewell, NO·9 District, Newton Abbo

DIVISIonal Supt. H. Purvis, No.6 District, Addison DI'vI'slOn,2·7·21

JAMES R. ANDREW (Colonel), ChIef Commissioner.

Thlanet" areZ l S4 standarrl gauge coach es built for ambuaInS sui on the Govtrnmtnt's ha d Of lor are under negotiatIon lor sale 43 haven b S b th h' etn retained rJ e aut and 1 [0 are still to ce dealt with b th Isposal and LlqUldatlOn Commission which h lye 21 7 coacht::s. ,ave a ready

The Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery 0/ the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 29th fzm e, I92I.

T he King b.een g-raeiously pleased to sanction the followmg promotIons lD, and appointments to the Grand Prior of the Order of the Hospital of St. John' of Jerusalem England:-

As Knights of Grace : '

L!eut.-Colonel Sir Walter Gibbons, KB.E.

Lleut.-Col?nel Alexander Kenneth Gillespie (from Bonorar ASSOCIate ). y

Major Andrew Elliott, M'D., M.RC.P., RA.M.C.(T.F.}.

As Esquire: Richard Dawnay.

As Honorary Servin !{ Brotlzers:

Captain Harold Thomas Ann, R.A.S.C. M. T .(V.)

Robert Lee Matthews, M.B.E.

Morns Christopher.

Albert Edward David Holliday.

Harry Edmund Hand.

Price Probert.

J ames William Lambert.

William George Edwin Warren. Henry Simpson Wallace.

As Honorary Serving Sister :

Annie, Miss Whittle.

As Honorary Associates.

Thomas John Hollins, M.B. Ro?ert Nesbitt, LR.C.S., L,R.C.P.

Major Arthur Richard Frederick Exham, M.D.

As Donat (Bronze Badge) : Annie, Miss Mendelsohn.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

June 23 ,v.A.D. Nursing members "ere posted to MIDlstr y of Pension:; (22) and Naval (I) HospitalS". by ex-Service Women for free passages In WIth the Society for the Overseas Settlement of Bntlsh Women number I,II3. .1.'he, cases in the Welfare Department are slowly In long cases treated in Convalescent Homes It IS . . found possible to find some who IS to visit them,. as for. geographical reasons It IS generally no longer pOSSIble to VIsit them from Hea?quarters. Fresh are now passed to the United Serv.lce Fund Committee, where they are tfficlently dealt with.

The V.A.D. Lawn Tennis Association began play on June 2nd. An American Tournament was held that at Chiswick on the courts which have ver.Y kmdly lent by St. Thomas's Hospital. ConSIderable Interest was bken in the Tournament b ,24 mem ers competIng. A Tournament was held on June 18th Mrs. Somerset and MISS Winifred Barber being th . couple. e wInnmg

July, 19 21

-FIRST

A match bttween V. A. D. mem bers and the e x S :' 1vice Association of the W.R.N.S , was played on Saturday, July 2nd, on the Courts at Chiswick. The match resulted in an easy victory for the V.A.D.'s who won eight of the nir,e matches. A very strong team had been selected to represent the V. A. D's, the couples being Miss O. Manser and Mrs. Whitfitld, Miss C. Morley and Miss Eyre Smith, and Mrs. Haigh Smith and Miss K. McN eilL result reflects great credit on the V.A. D. players though their opponents had very bad luck in that one of their best players was unable to play at the last minute.

A return match has been fixed for Saturday, October 8th. Other fixtures that have be e n arranged are :-Monday, July 1 rth, 2 p m. Inter-Divisional Tournament, Saturday, July 16th, 2 p m. Match v. Q M. A.A.C. Old Comrades Association, Saturday, July 23rd, 2.30 p m Match v. Nurses' Tennis Club, St. Thomas's Hospital.

All these matches will be played on the Courts belonging to the V.A.D. Lawn Tennis Association in St. Thomas's Hospital Recreation Ground, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick.

It is hoped to arrange matches against the Women's Legion Old Comrades Association, the W. R A.F. Old Comrades Association and the Massage Department, St. Thomas's Hospital, but the dates have not yet been fixed.

The use of a Gravel Court at King's College for Women in Carnpden Hill Road has been for Wednesdays and Saturdays during the months of July. August and September. Owing to its convenient position it is hoped that this Court will prove very popular with the members of the A.ssociation.

-----.--.-------

Home Service Ambulance.

THE establishm ent uf a service of motor am bulances throughout the country has afforded an opportunity for social work of the most valuable kind by members of Divisions or detachments serving under the banner of the Order of St. John and of the British Red Cross Society. This opportunity has been eagerly seized by active units in many counties but there are, nevertheless, many of these ambulances which lack the efficiency of service which can only be obtained where men or women trained in the handling of the sick are available. The difficulties encountered in the removal of invalids, even from some of the London Nursing Homes, call for skill and knowledge that can only be supplied by trained workers; the difficulty is far mere acute in country places whose patients have to be carried through narrow cottage doorways and down winding staircases that render the use of the ordinary stretcher impcssible. A call for service of such a nature is one that would be instantly responded to by members of Divisions and detachments if they were aware of the need. It is unfortunate that when the ambulances were distributed there were many districts urgently in need of an ambulance where the local St. John or British Red Cross organisation did not feel able to undertake the financial responsibility for the upkeep of the vehicle. In these circumstances, rather than deprive the district of this valuable aid to the treatment of the sick, County Directors were frequently compelled to accept the offer of local government bodies to house and maintain the ambulance.

AID.-

In such cases, when the ambulance goes out to fdCh a patient to hospital, the driver too often has to rely on the unskilled a'lsistance of the household ar the n eighbours in bringing the patient from his bed to the ambulance and for attendance during the journey. If D ivisions and detachments would place themselves in communication with the officers in charge of ambulances so that arrangements could be made that the car sh mld nev er go out unaccompanied by trained attendants, thIS difficulty would be in a measure overcome and no more useful application could be made of the skill acquired dunng a course of training is much to be hoped that th e y will go further and endeavo ur to arrange to take over the entire local control of the ambulances. U oder the initiative of an active Division or detachment th:! ambulance can be made useful over a far wider sphere than can be expected from it when the control is in the hands of public officials who are mainly concerned with the transport of such cases as it comes within their official duties to deal with.

Experience shows that where the control of the ambu · lance is vested in the hands of a local unit more energetic steps are taken to make the existence of the station widely known and to see that the largest possible area is served Large gath.erings, fetes, point to point races and similar occasions are attended and the ambulance is accompanied by members of a corps, capabl e of rend t ring first aid, and thus valuable work is done and experienced gained. The financial aspect of such a step is not fraught with such serious difficulties as many imagine, for reports show that once experience has been gained the larger proportion of the ambulance stations art self-suppurting, and that where the necessitous cases are so numerous that the fees taken from paying patients are not sufficient in amount to cover the entire cost of the car, local subscriptions to meet the deficit are raised without difficulty.

Coming Events.

BRIERFIELD.-The" Tunst ill" Memorial Shield Competition will be held on Saturday, the 13th August, at Brierfield. All competitors must be members of the S.] .A B. in un iform. Entry Fee, 5s per team, to be forwarded to \Y. R ichards, 17, Albion-street, Brierfield, on or before August 21st, 192 1.

RAVENSTHORPE. -Annual Competition for Brigade Teams will be held on Saturday, September 17 th , 19 2 1. Entry Forms and Particulars will be ready during later part July. \V. Lerlgard, Hon. Sec , Alma House, Ravensthorpe-road, Thornhill Lees, Dewsbur)'.

WOMBWELL.-Wombwell Hospital Movement Second Annual Ambulance Competition (Op en ), postponed from June I Ith, will be held on August 13 th Particulars, The Secretary, David Foers, 39, Hough-lane, \Vornbwell, Nr. Barnsley, Yorkshire.

NELSON.-The" W ilkinson C::hallenge Competition open to Squads from any district (S.J A.B \ take place on August 20th, 1921. Also a Squad Competition (Nursing Sisters) for the "' Mary Wilkinson" trophy will take place on the same date. Full particulars from Curps Supt. H. Bannister, 3 I, Derby-street, Nelson, Lancs.

WHEN OORRESPONDING WITH ADVJ1jR TISER8 PLEASE MENTION" FIRST AID."

AID.-

July, 1 921

Society is now taking and promises to develop into a great national agency for the benefit of the health of the civilian population. This programme, in a word, aims a t the improvell?ent of health, the mitigation of suffering and the prevention of disease; and in it all who have th e interest of the Red Cross at heart can play a part. Of course, the work for ex-Service men occupies a prom inent place in the programme. It is directed towards the physical reconstruction of the maimed and limbles s and men who have been broken by the War are care d for in hospitals and curative institutions and in certai n cases are helped by grants of money. In other cas es they are given courses of treatment at orthopredic an d massage clinics.

It is hoped to organise all voluntary workers throughout the whole country to make a great national effort t o hold a Red Cross week at the beginning of October. Fla g Days will be held in every possible centre, and a series o f other functions, such as concerts, balls, fetes and other entertainments will be arranged in every district. Thos e who are willing to help should write now to the Peac e Fund Campaign Department, 19, Berkeley-street, W. I ., for the literature which has been prepared in this connection, which includes a little booklet covering the Peace work of the Joint Council.

'* '* '*

It is interesting to note that the big sword that la y across the table in the St. John Hostel at Cardiff when th e Prince of Wales invested members of the Oraer with various decorations was that used by the Grand Master of the the Order of St. John resident in Slebech Castle, Pembrokeshire, in the twelfth century for the conference o f the acolate of the Order upon knights going out to the crusades. In those far away days a similar sword was presented to each knight, who carried it as a mark of allegiance to the principais of the Order and denoting the fact that he would fight for its honour.

'* '* 4-

An unusual feature was introduced in the Monmouthshire .Boroughs Ambulance Competition-no member of the team in the stretcher test was allowed to address any remarks to the judge. A correspondent writes : "We are familiar in Wales with teams whose captains insist on "reading a lecture" to the judge on what should or should not be done before they commence treatment." We are informed that the enforced silence was apparent on some of the team, and we should say that it must have been difficult for them to arrive at correct treatment if the test was a modern one.

The Peace programme of the Joint Council of the Older of St. John of Jerusalem and the British Red Cross

In issuing a public appeal for funds for the Plymouth Ambulance Service it is pointed out that it costs one penny per minute to maintain the service with the three stations open continuously, and the four am bulances in commission. During the last twelve months 41250 removals of sick and injured persons have been made.

We continue to receive many letters from correspondents relating to the delay of recognition of Brigade men . who did Home service. As they cover much the same ground we have refrained from pUblishing them. We understand that the authorities are constantly pressing for a decision on the subject, and that we are likely to hear something at an early date.

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Official Brigade Gazette.

JUNE, 1921.

The Ambulance Committee, with the approval of the Co mmissioner for Wales, has sanctioned the following app ointments

GLA MORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

Ffaldan Institute and Garw Division.-Thomas Rufus

Bow en, M.R.C.S. ( Eng. ), L. R.C.P. ( Lond. ), D P. H .( Oxen. ), to be Divi sional Surgeon, 27.6.21

RHO NDDA BOROUGH CENTR E Rhondda Fach Corps (Tylorstown Division ).-Ambulance Offic er-D!lniel Roberts to be Divisional Supt., 27.6.21

The Commissioner for Wales has made the following app ointments :-

MO N MOUT H S HIRE CE.NTRE.

West Monmouth Corps (Blaina Division ) - John Hale to be Divisional Secretarp and Sergeant, 16.6.2

Avon Llwyd Corps (Blaenavon Division ).-Divisional Sup t. Samuel W. Wathen to be Divisional Secretary, 27. 6 21

RHO NDDA BORO UG H CENTR E

Rhondda Fach Corps ( Ferndale Division ).-- Sergt.

Cad wa ldar Davies to be Ambulance Officer, 15 6 21

Robert Frands to be Ambulan c e Officer, 166.21

Gomer Williams, William Williams and David S. Griffiths to b e Corporals, 16.6.21 .

Gwilym Thomas to be Divisional Secretary, 27 6 21

David H. Jones to be Di vi sional Storekeeper, 27. 6 21

William Morgan to be Divisional Treasurer, 27 6 21

Vi sit of The Prior His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.

ON Thursday, June 9th, 1921, the Priory for Wales of the Or der of John was honoured with a visit from its Prior, HI S Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, K.G , graciously agreed to open the St. John Hostel, U lllvers1ty Sett lement ,Buildings, East Moors, Cardiff, administered by t he Priory for the Minister of Labour, where accommodat io n is provided for ex-service men undergoing training. at the Government Instructional Factory, East Moors, CardIff, and to present Insignia and Long Service Medals to the Me mbers of the Order in Wales.

His Royal Highness was re ceived on his arrival by Rig ht Hon. Lord Mostyn in his robes as Honorary Balhff of St David's of the Priory for Wales, who presented t?e C o mmissioner for Wales (Mr. Herbert D. W. LeWIS, o.B.E.) and the Commissioner for Ca.rdiff (Mr. Hugh M. I ng ledew). The latt(.r was in command of a Parade. of Am bulance and Nursing Units outside the Hostel, wa s inspected by the Prince, who expressecl commendatlOn of t heir smartness.

The Prince then entered the Hostel to the strains of " G od Bless the Prince of Wales," and on his way to the dai s inspected the ex-service men resident i.n the Hostel. O wing to the limited space, it was not pOSSIble to admIt th e great majority of those congregated to welcome the

Royal Prior, although well over five hundred people had gained admittance.

The Sub-Prior (The Right Hon. The Earl of Plymouth, P.C, G.B E., CB.) presided over the gathering, and presented to His Royal Highness the Matron of the Hostel (Mrs. E M. A. Owen), the Secretary of the Welfare Committee (Mr. F. R. McCabe) and the following Exe cutive Officers of the Priory :-

The Rt . Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. David's lain), the Rt. Hon Lord Mostyn (Honorary Bailiff), LieutTHE PRIOR.

H I S RO YAL HI GHNE SS THE PRINCE OF W ALE S K.G.

First photog raph taken in his robes as P rior, Cardiff, June 9th, 19 2 I.-COPY 1Z'glz t.

Colonel Thomas Wallace, M. D. (Treasurer), Mr. Leolin Forestier- Walker, M.P. (Hon. Director of Ambulanc e ), the Rt. Hon. Thomas Richards, P.C (Director of Ambulance), Colonel J. Amallt Jones, M.D., K.H S., V.D. (Almoner), the Rt. Hon. Lord Kenyon, K.CV.O. (Registrar), and Mr. Hugh M. Ingledew (Hon. Solicitor).

Lord Plymouth read the folloWItig letter from the Prime Minister (the Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd George, P C, M.P.):-

Dear Lord Plymouth,I t is a matter of greatest regret to me that I am pre-

-FIRST

vented by the pressure of public business from being present at Cardift this week to join with you and the other principal officers of the Priory for Wales in welcoming H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on his first public appearance as our Prior.

As Chancellor of the Priory, I have followed its progress with close interest since its creation, and I am sure that the people of Wales recognise, and will continue to support, the great public work it is performing in the assistance it is rendering to the Departments of State in the relief of sickness and suftering amongst our ex-Service men, and generaIIy throughout the Principality.

The Priory has now become a permanent Welsh national institution, and its progress and success must be the care of everyone in the Principality.-Sincerely yours,

(Signed) D. LLOYD GEORGE.

His Royal Highness than addressed the gathering as follows :-

This is my first appeA.rance as Prior of the Priory for Wales, a position I am very proud tu hold, as I take great interest in all works for the alleviation of human suffering.

The Priory, within the Principality of Wales and Monmouthshire, is the custodian and representative of the ancient Order of St. John, whose members have unostentatiously carried on the old traditions of the Order for the last 50 years in ministering to the sick and poor in our industrial areas. During the Great War it undertook a great work in setting up hospitals for our serving sailors and soldiers, and it is very pleasing to me to-day to be present t9 open this hostel-established by the Priory for the accommodation of our disabled ex-service men.

I WdS very pleased to have the opportunity of inspecting the ambulance and nursing divisions of the Brigade, and was glad to see so many wearing the ribbons and distinctions they so well earned in the carrying out of their duties.

The Priory is a Welsh national institution, and, to a great extent, depends for its support upon the appreciation of pevple within whose midst it. w?rks. Its transport servIc.e ha.s been the means of rehevmg much suffering, m the coalfield, and the stores supplied from its medIcal comforts departments have made the pain of many poor sufferers more bearable; and, as your Prior, I would hke t? thank tho.se who are taking part in the building up of thIS Welsh Pnory tlnd the mem bers of the Brigade for their loyal and devoted service, and I would ask the people of Wales to guard jealously its national interest.

The following were then invested with the Insignia of the Order and Brigade Long Service Medals:-

Lady of Grace.-Mrs. Kate Lewis, O.B.E.

Esquire.-Dr. Richard David Thomas, L.RC.P., L.R e.S.Ed.

Honorary Serving Brothers.-Messrs. W. J. Ballard, J. M. BOGd, George Clemett, Daniel Davies, J. H. Davies, Albert J. Esmond, Henry Evans, Frederick R. Hortop, Evan David J Samuel Jones, Bernard Evan Maberly, W. M. Owen, LIeut.-Colonel Charles Octavius Parsom, M.Re.S., L.R.e.P., R.A.M.e., Carlton Tom Hurry Richts, George John Rowlands Thomas Thomas and David Williams.

Honorary Serving Sisters.-Mrs. Elizabeth BickertonEdwards, Miss Marial Brodie, Miss Rose Nurton, Mrs. Rutherford, Miss Mary Isa Rutherford, Miss Ada SeVille, and Mrs. Mary Tyndall.

Honorary Associates.-Dr. Edward John H. Budge, L R C.S., L RC.P., Dr. Daniel De Vere Hunt, L.R.C.P., L R.C.S.L, Surgeon-Lieut.-Colonel Evan Evans, M.D., F.R.e.S., T.D., Dr. Michael Cyril Oswald Hurley, L.RC.P.I. and L.M., L R.C.S.I. and L.M., Dr. Richard

AI 0.- July, 1921.

J ames Isaac, L.R.e. P., L.R.e.S. Ed., L R F. P.S, Dr William George Williams, M.B Ch.B. Bar to Long Service Medal.-Corps Superintendent

Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., South Wales Border Corps. Long Service Medals.-Commissioner Col. J, Amallt Jones, M.D., K.H.S, V.D., Glamorgan County Centre ,King's Surgeon); CommIssioner Captain Taliesin E. Richards, Borough of Rhondda Centre; Sub-Commissioner John W. Davison, M.B.E., Glamorgan County Centre

Staff-Officer George Payne, Borough of Rhondda Centre' Acting Staff-Officer John 1. Pepperell, City of Cardiff Centre : Corps Superintendent T. J. Evans, Rhondda Fach Corps Corps Secreta.ry Samuel Jones, Dowlais Corps; Secretary G. J. Rowlands, Newport (Mon.) Corps; Corps Treasurer Thomas Thomas, Dowlais Corps; Divisional Superintendent W. H. Johnson, Cardiff Emergency Divi. si,:,n.;. Sergeant A. J. Barrell, Newport (Mon ) Railway Dl vIsIOn; Sergt. e. T. Noakes, Cardiff City Division' Corp I. R. Blunt, Dowlais Division; Pte. E. Davies nug Division.

Certificate of Thanks.-Corps Superintendent lienry Morris, Powysland Corps.

The Sub-Prior at the close of the ceremony tendered to His Royal Highness the most respectful and grateful thanks of the Priory for having opened their Hostel and presenting Insigna and Long Service Medals on his first visit as Prior. It was a great day for the Priory, which had only been established about three or four years ago by the Order of St. John in England with the permission of their Patron Majesty the King) and the Grand Prior (His Royal HIghness the Duke of Connaught), when it was recognised that the Ambulance work done in Wales was of having a Priory established, and His Royal HIghness had done them the honour of accepting the positiun of Titular Prior. They were indeed grateful, and ventured to express a hope that His Royal Highness would honour them on future occasions by taking his place as Prior in the gatherings of the Priory for Wales of the Order of St. John.

The proceedings concluded with the playing of the National Anthem, and the Prince, accompanied by the Matron and the Executive Officers of the Priory, proceeded on a tour of inspection of the Hostel and the Canteens for the non-resident ex-service men.

His Royal Highness chatted freely with the nurses and ex-service men, and the waiting crowd gave him a great ovation on his way to and from the Hostel.

T.he day was a memorial landmark in the history of the Pnory of Wales, and one which will undoubtedly give great impetus to its work, and, it is hoped, further increase the interest taken by the Welsh people in their National Ambulance Organisation.

A CURIOUS FATAL ACCIDENT.

In a Railway Works Shop, which was equipped with an overhead crane, there was stacked insecurely a pile of large steel plates, each weighing approximately three hundredweights. As some men passed by, the stack toppled over, and several of the upper plates tilted over. These knocked one of the men flat on his back, and, hitting him with their edges in the middle oft?e abdomen, pinned him to the ground. The man was comparatively comfortable, free from pain and chatted for forty mz'nutes, i.e., until the moment 'when the last of the plates was removed by the crane. At the very second of release, however, death was instantaneous, and was subsequently found to have been due to conceale.d hcemorrhage from a badly torn abdominal aorta. from which the plates, while in position, prevented escape of blood.-T.O.M., Stratford.

July, 19 21 -FIRST

fetters to the E;ditot'.

We are in nO fDa, responsible /fJr tke opinions expressed, or tke statements made, b, CorrespfJndents.-EDITOR, ETC.

APPEAL FOR THE LONDON HOSPITAL. DEAK SIR,-

I should be glad if you would kindly allow me through you to thank the of the St. John Ambulance Divisions (No. District ), for their generous and wlllmg response . to my appeal on behalf of the funds of the London Hospital. The amount of two hundred pounds has been handed to the Treasurer as the result of our efforts, and I should like to add to my thanks my warmest congratulations. I should further wish to record our indebtedness to you for your kind references in regard to the matter.

Believe me, dear Sir, Faithfully yours, (Mrs. ) A. CALVIN LINES.

"Willam Heywood" Shield Competition.

THE above competition, originally fixed for the 23rd of April last and postponed owing to the general unrest, took place at the Regent-street Polytechnic on July 9 th

Several of the teams which had entered, were, unfortunately not able to take part, but eight teams presented themselves and a keen competition ensued. The organisers were fortunate in obtaining the services of many of the most eminent medical men in the First Aid "world." Those present were:-

Sir James Cantlie, K.B.E. Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Dr. J. M. Carvell, Dr. R. Connon Robertson, Dr. Salisbury Sharpe, Dr. Beresford Kingsford, Dr. J. Forbes. and Dr. Bernard Potter.

At the conclusion of the competition, the teams and visitors congregated in the Fryie Hall. Dr. Corbet Fletcher was elected to take the chair, and was supported, among others, by the Donor, Mr. William Heywood, Sir James Cantlie, Dr. Robertson and Mr. James Taylor. The Chairman in his opening remarks stated that the " Heywoocl" Shield Competition was instituted in the year 906, through the generosity of Mr. Heywood, and that it had been held annually (except for the war period) since that date, and that it was open for any ambulance team in the United Kingdom to compete for it. Commenting on the actual competition, he stated that the Stretcher Test, which he had himself prepared, was not a difficult one; that important details had been lnst sight of by several of the teams-especially with reference to the dressing of bums; that he felt confident that the members of the teams had" food for thought" on their homeward journeys, and that no matter how experienced judge and competitors might be, we all learnt something from such contests, and finally he congratulated the competitor who, that day, was enough to make one large armsling serve to support both forearms

Sir James Cantlie, while praising the work of all competing teams, mentioned that he had now been doing ambulance work for 43 years, and that of course the Textbook methods of treatment of various conditions:had altered, as First Aid must always be kept up to date. Strongly emphasising the importance of First Aid, he stated that the

AID.- II

life or death of the patient was often conditional on the treatment administered at the time of accident, and in nine cases out of ten the issue depended on the persons into whose hands we were entrusted In short, the doctors made us well after the first -aider had saved our lives!

Mr. Taylor having announced the result, Sir James presented the Shield (and silver medals with gold centres to each member) of the Wath team (Great Central Railway) silver medals to the of the second team, viz: Metropolitan Railway (Baker-street); and bronze medals to each mem be-r of tne thud team, vix , L. & N. W. RailWJ.y (Broad-street Goods).

After Mr. Hey wood had expressed his appreciation of of the help which had been given him by the members of the Committee dnd the manner in which the competition had been carr ie d out. A vote of thanks to the judges was carried by acclamation.

Lack of space does not permit the publication of the whole of the tests, but below is published the StretcherTest (showing detailed marking) together with the team results

TEAM RESULTS. (Possi bl e Marks soo),

1. Team II Gt. Central Ry.-Wath 447

2 7 MetropOlitan Ry.-Baker St. 4!9!

j 18 L &N.W Ry.-BroadSt G )ud s 4 10!

4 · 16 Gt. Westtrn Ry.-Glouce ster 39 8

S· I2 Bricklayer's Arms 39St

6 r Tie"

2l Gt. Eastern Ry -C amb. 37 2

7· l IS) Gt Northern Ry -Hitchen. 37 2

8. 5 S.E. & C. Ry. (New Cross) 349! STETCHER TEST.

Judge-Dr. Corbet Fletcher.

Dunng a heavy thunderstorm you four ( with your equipment ) are passing down a side street in a London suburb, when you see a man dash out of a fried fish shop with his clothes in flames. He runs 10 yards down the street waVIng his arms, and then falls heavily to the ground.

N.B.-The Judge will answer any as to what the proper use of your senses might discover.

Note for Judge.-Scene is C!: amvngst which is a fish shop. PatIent IS .IYIng on right SIde huddled up and with hands wessed agamst face. forearm and face simulated With burned cork. ReqUired 1D shop: kettle warm water, lint, cotton wool, tea pot, bottles of oil, bicarb , soda, Lysol, and a shopkeeper. Also bucket water and fine spray syringe.

I mmediate action.

Mode of reading and general actions :1

Mode of advance and keeping crowd back 4

Do not alter position at first 3

Enquire if clothing still alight. (No) 4

Enquire sites of burns. (Face and forearms) 4

Enquire if insensible. (Fi nd out )... 2

Test reply to speech (no); to touch r(n o) 4

Examine pupils. (Equal; reacts 2

Enquire colour face (pale ); sIgns (no )... 2

Examine pulse (weak); (shallow ) 4

Enquire palpable deformity. (N o ) 3

Enquire palpable h ::e morrhage.. (N o).. . 3

Special action (deduct heaVIly for delay)

Immediate protection from ram (mac.; umbrellas ) 6

Cover burns at early moment (? method ) ." 5

Enquire if doctor available. (No)... 4

Enquire hospital (400 (no ) 8

Exclude injuries contra mdlcatmg , 4

Remove without delay to shop (out of ram ) , 10

U sing modified Human (not regulation ) stretcher Further action.

Place patient in comfortable position 3

Exclude signs of injury to he.ad 4

Judge (5 minutes patient treated properly-says Patient is now fully conscIOus."

Service Medals, 1914= 1918.

AT the risk of repeating what is already well known it has been thought desirable that certain points with reference to the Service Medals which are issued by the War Office to Joint Personnel should be made clear.

These medals are :-

The Mons Medal, or 1914 Star.

The 1914-15 Star.

The British War or General Service Medal.

The Victory or Allied Medal.

The Stars and the Victory Medal are given for service on the strength of a unit in a theatre of war.

The British War Me?al is given for proceeding overseas on duty not necessanly to a theatre of war It is not necessary that persons qualifying for this medal should be on permanent .of a unit. Thus, persons proon duty, or for temporary servIce gIven dunng a vacatlOn, etc., would qualify for this medal.

Medals be worn on the left breast, in the order from nght to left-Star, British War Medal VIctory Medal.

.B.R.C.S. Badges and Medals and St. John War Service Badge mu')t be worn on right breast, and so must badges and medals whIch are not recognised decoratIOns.

At an it was arranged that each country should Issue s,ervlce medals to its own people and that one CommemoratIve War Medal and one Victory should cover every of war, the intention bemg that no one should possess the Commemorative War Medal Victory of more than one country.

C;:ertam of the Alltes, however, have not kept entirely to rule, and have given the ribbon and diploma of their Commemorative War Medal to members of our personntl. also offered the medal to British troops who were fightmg for them, but these were not allowed to

A I 0.- July, 1921.

it.. Si!lce we are not in a pOSItion to exercise authonty In thiS matter over personnel who have left our service, the War Office has instructed us to ask those o f our who hav.e served for ttIe Allies to sign an und er. takmg not to receIve or wear any Allied Commf-morative War Medal or ribbon before we iSsue their British War Medals. As the procedure in this matter was not defi n ed when the 1914 Star was issued, their exists in a few ca ses the anomalr of a has received the 1914 Star and who Wishes to retam Allred Commemorative ribb o ns and medals. It should be distinctly understood howe ve r that it is irregular to wear the 1914 Star Medal' or together with an Allied Commemorative medal or ribb on.

As there appears t<;> be uncertainty among our per so n· nel as to what IS an Allied Commemorative Medal as d is· tinct fr?m a Decoration, the following notes may be us eful. An Allied Commemorative Medal answers to the Briti sh War each country possessing only one. Th e medals 10 have not yet been issued, but t he y may be dlstmgUlsh 6 d by their ribbons, which ar e as follows

:-

Fre?ch.-Narrow red and whitp. stripe.

It.alIan.-Narrow red, white and green stripe (Nastnno de Guerra.) A Star is worn on this rib bo n for each completed year of service.

Belg!an.-Broad red and orange stripe.

Serblan.-Red. Not to be confounded with th e Serbian Medal for Bravery, which has a re d watered nbbon.

None of the above must be worn with Briti&h Ser vic e Medals.

Red Cross Medals by Allied countries may be accepted and worn on the nght breast with the British Re d Cross Medals

The "Medaille Souvenir II bearing a female head an d engraved" l'Armee a ses infirmiere," which has b-;en g ive n by the Belgian Army to many of our nurses and V .A.D. members who cared for their wounded, is not intended to to be worn and has no ribbon. It is quite in orde r to accept this medal.

The British Orders and Decorations likely to be awarded to our personnel must be worn on the left br eas t in the following order from right to left :-

Order-

Order of the British Empire.

DecorationRoyal Red Cross.

Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Al bert Medal. Military Medal.

I914 Star or 1914'15 Start BritIsh War Medell. Victory Medal.

Medals belonging to OrdersMedal of the Order of the British Empire. Medal of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem In England.

Badge of the Order of the League of Mercy. Orders order of date of award). Decoratl?ns (in order of date of a war d) Fortlgn Medals (10 order of date of award).

Mentioned in Despatches.-Persons mentioned in despatches by a Communder in the Field receive from t he War Office a certificate to that effect. They are also entitled to an official issue of oakleaf emblems to wear on their Victory ribbon and medal.

July, 19 21

-FIRST

Persons mentioned for Home Service do not receive certificate, nor are they entitled to wear the emblem.

All correspondence with regard to medals and emblems should be directed to the Personnel Department, 19, Berkley-street, London, W., and not to the War Offic'f:!.

V.A.D. members (women) should correspond with the V A.D. Department at the same address.

All persons due to receive medals for service under th e Joint War Committee should notify their respective departments of any change of permanent address.

The official supply of oakleaf em blems can be obtained by application to 19, Berkely-street, the date and.' if possible, the number of the Gazette 10 whIch the mentIOn was published.

Festival of the Order of St. John.

T HE Annual Festival of the Order of the Hospital of St. J oh n of Jerusalem in England was held. on St. John Bap tist's Day, June 24th. Holy Communion was celebra ted in the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell, at 8.3 0 a.m ., previous to which Memorial Table ts to the first and sec ond Earl deceased Knights of Justice of the Order, were unveiled by the Rector, the Rev. T. C. Elsdon, in t he presence of the Countess Brassey, The Lady Mabelle Ege rton and others members of the Order.

The Annual Service was held at 2.30 p.m the Service hei ng taken by the Rector, assisted by the Rev. Canon Ed gar Sheppard and the Archdeacon of London. The Ser mon was preached by the Dean of Winchester.

The Gennal Assembly of the Order was afterwards hel d in the Chapter Hall at John's Gate, H. R. H. The Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior, presiding, who was by a Guard of Honour of mem bers of the :No. 1 DistrLct.

Among those pr e sent were: - Lieut.-General Sir Ay lmer G. Hunter-Weston, K.CB. , D.S.O., M.P , Colonel The Lord William Cecil, C.V.O., A. F. G Leveson-Gower, Es q., Miss Leveson-Gower, Colonel Sir C. Wyndham

M urray, E. Fraser (Librarian), Lord and Lady Mostyn, Th e Lord Islington (Registrar), The Duke and Duchess of So merset, Sir Dyce Duckworth, Bt. (Almoner), Colonel W Pixley (Receiver-General)t The Rt. Hon. Evelyn CeCIl, M. P., The Hon. Mr:;. Evelyn Cecil, The Lord Monson (D irector of Ambulance Department), Sir Owen and Lady Ph ilipps, Colonel E. D. B. Synge-Hutchinson, V.c., C.B., Major-General Sir Ivor Philipps, K.C.B., D S.O., M.P., The Lord Stanmore (Secretary-General), The Countess

Br ass e y, Th e Lady Mabelle Egerton, Lady Royds, Lady

Je kyll, Mrs. McKenna, Lady Oliver, Mrs. A. H. Morgab, Th e Chaplain-General of the Forces, The of Su therland, Sir Charles and Lady Yat e , CaptalO A. C;. Seton Christopher (Director of Ceremonies), Colonel Sir Co urtauld Thomson (Chairman, British Opthalmic Hospital), Major-General Sir Francis and Lady Bond, General

Sir William Adair, Major-General The Lord Treowen, C olonel Sir Edward Ward, Bart., Sir Robert, ArmstrongJo nes, Sir Edward and Lady Gait, Sir A. Rollitt, MajorGe neral Sir William Macpherson, Mr. H. F. Hamell, The E arl of Onslow, Major-General Sir William Rycroft, Colonel Sir C. G. Watson, General Sir O'Moore and Lady Creagh, Sir John Bevnon, Bt., Sir Michael and O'Dwyer, L ord Tredegar, Sir Charles Macleod, SIr J ames

K. C.M.G., Sir William Savory ) Bart., The Marc,lUls of Bath Sir Wakefield, Sir William Bennett, Sir John Cockburn, the Viscount Galway, Major-General Sir Have-

AID.-

lock Charles, Sir Lees Knowles, Bart., Captain and Mrs. J. C. Lines, The Hon. Lady Murray, The Hon. Mrs. Henn • Collins, The Viscountess Down e , Lady Maxwell Lyte, Lady McMahon, Miss Du Pre, Susan, Countess of Malmesbury, Tne Lady Ludlow, The Countess of Gosford, Franc e s, Lady and Dudley, The Dowager Marchioness of Bristol, The Baroness Strathcona, Mrs. E. Lascelles, Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarrett, Miss Coulcher, Lady Perley" The Lady Llangattock, the': Viscountess Harcourt, Lady Trotter, Mrs. Seymour Cockran, Mr. C. L. ForestierWalker, M.P.

and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

2ueries will be dealt wtth under lfze fottowtn g rutes ;-

I.-Letters containinb Queries must be marked on the top left kana corner oj ' the envelope "Query," and addressed-F 1RsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4·

:J. -A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro11 the current issue oj the Journal, or in case ot Queries trom abroat trom a recent issue.

? -The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these co u mn J is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual o First A i d.

SIGNS AND S YMPTOM S of S YNCOP E.

G. W. ( Northampton).-In a recent competition I was asked to give the Signs and Symptoms of Syn cope. As the question has caused a great deal of discussion, we welcome your opinion on it.

What are the points of discussion ? The quest ion is a good one; but the Textbook is, unfortunate ly, very va g ue in setting out the correct answer. From pp. I 4 1 - 1 43 however , I gather that the Signs and Symptoms of Syncope are ( I ) pale face due to insufficient sl1pply of blood to head, as r esult of specified causes; (2 ) to partial or complete lo ss of consciouness and (3) failure of heart and lun g s.

As a fact, the Signs of Syncope are those of H re morrhage ; and, if y ou ex clude paragraph 4, evidence of" a ir ( which is peculiar to bleedmg o wmg to the lo ss of flU id medium of the body ), you WIll find them set out m de t a il as for Internal H re morrbage on p. 104. - N. CO RBET FLETCHER.

SIGNS AND SY l\IPOMS OF SUNSTRO KE

J. D. (Tylorstown ) asks wlty the detailed answer to the question on " Symptoms of (as set out m issue of FIRST Am, p. 17 9) mcludes flushed face, boundm g pulse, stertorous etc. He out t ha,t are" signs," and complains that, to dlst10 g Ulsh between" signs" and" symptoms " III hIS answe r a ccor ding to Textboc k (p. 18) he lost 6 marks out of a pos· sible 20.

Unfortunately for you, few doctors recogni se the d ifference between" signs" and" symptoms" as .set out m t he a fact which I have again and agam emphaSIsed m these columns. Next time, therefore, you are asked " the s igns " or "the symptoms" of any condition, then g ive your examiner all you know about bot? and trust to lu ck to rece iv e a O'entle hint if your exammer happens to know the Textbook well as do! Meanwhile read FIRS T AID. - N. C. F.

TRAINING OF COMPETITI ON

C. H. (South Africa). -Far, here in South Afri ca we WIth continued appreciatIOn your notes and mstructlOns 10

-FIRST

FIRST Am, and we appeal with confidence for your help.

I am proud to say that our team won first place in the Inter-Provincial Ra lway Competition and for the first time se cured the "Price Shield," instituted fifteen years ago; and that in three months' time we compete against the whole of South Africa for the" Selborn Shield."

Will you be good enough to name any book of questions and answers which would help us and to suggest any means whereby I, a beginner with only fifteen months' training in ambulance work, can coach my team and myself? By so doing, you will assist us in studying up for our forthcoming competition and in obtaining the 90 per cent. of marks necessary to compete in (and win) the Final of this Competit ion.

The only book I know which will really assist you in your final preparations is my ElJid en cy z'n First AM, which was specially written for Competition requirements and deals with study, diagnosis, treatment, examination and competition. Most of the" question a nd answer" books, however useful they !11ay for increasing: general a.re useless for your ImmedIate purpose, smce they deal WIth pomts which may (or may not ) crop up in your Competition, as I take it that this will be based on the Textbook.

In prepar ing your t eam, therefore, your first aim must be for each member to acquire a most intimate knowledge of the Textbook-its fa cts and instructions. To this end I advise you to w rite oll t your own analysis of the book and'to collect tqgetlter all fact? and dealing with the same points, smce these are m many mstances scattered here and there in the Manual; and the modern Competition aims at testing the competitors' knowledge of First Aid and of the Textbook as a w hole. a I have t.his myself, and am surprised at the w.ay m wh Ich one JustIfy all the details of a proper markmg sheet. You WIll then have an Official Analysis which will serve as your answer" book; and you should work through thls.-mdzv zdually and collectively-at and every opportu!1lty ; but do emphasise the way in whIch the proper exercIse of your Qualifications serves to modify General Rules.

. N ext, I advise you to hunt up all available detailed markIng sheets of tests set for this in previous years, and to work through these carefully WIth your team since it is c urious how the big competitions are run year after on the model, be this good or bad Study the style of the CompetItIon, therefore. and work through the details of the various

Remember the importance of "Surroundings " as set m Textbook, and detail these amongst your team so that no pomt be overlooked- and do not forget that Surroundings are to a Stretcher Test what _Qualifications are to the General Rules.

Lastly, let each member periodically prepare a complete set of tests on the mo d el observed work through these togetbe: as In competItIon, postponing all criticisms until the work IS By such and by practical experience gamed In other competItIons which may intervene you to store up the kJ owledge necessary to secure a good pOS ItIOn In the forthcoming FinaL-N. C. F.

ESTI MATION OF PAIN.

M. (Cardi£f ) - The Text-Book (p. 18 ) teaches us that pain IS a ".symptom " a "sensation" which the patient, if conscIOUS, deSCrIbe. Are there any" signs" by which we may estImate the degree of pain present?

Pain is comparativ.e only an.d entirely dependent on the temperament of patIent. I t IS, however, claimed that its pre3ence ( but not ItS degree ) can be confirmed by (I ) increase in rate and tensIon of pulse, and (2) contraction of pupils of eyes. -N.C.F

INJURY TO ELBOW JOINT.

F. T. (Camden Town).-In the recent Inter-Railway Final note that a test was set in which a patient injured his

AI D.- July, I.

elbow "nearby" his home; and that marks were given for applying an Cl:ngular splint. I protest that thIS IS a mIstake and a mIserable waste of time especially as a couple of bandages would suffice to keep the limb at rest until arrival at patients' home. At least that is how I should act "under conditions of actual emergency. "

Your protest is upheld, and tbe grounds on which I uphold it are given in the June issue.-N.C.F.

A COMPETITOR'S PLAINT.

T. F. ( Gospel Oak).-In the recent Brigade Final two of us had to do a simple test, for which fifty marks were allotted for which there ",:,as a penalty of five marks per m inute m . excess of ten rnmutes. I complain that, when we fimshed our work, one of us had to go and tell the Judge our work done ; and that the Judge, who was slttmg on a chaIr some yards away from our pat ient simply asked what we had done and allotted marks ingly,. without getting up from his chair or inspecting Our work m any way. Further, I maintain that the efficient performance of First Aid is more important than the t ime taken, especially as I have often taken patients to hosp ital and had to wait an hour before I could hand over to the doctore; who were otherwise engaged.

.vau call the test "simple." I twas; and so was the detaIled markmg sheet. In short, I find no item which could not be by a Judge" seated some yards away. " So I hope of your work was not as unfair as your complamt InSInuates. At the same time I sympathise wi th In that you had some cause to think you were not gett ing faIr play.

time-limit is to-day an essential part in all competit ions, espeCially when a large number of teams have to be examined I t the purpose of el iminating teams, member s of whIch waste time In removal of their patient less some p alt ry detail be overlooked or a few marks lost.-N.C.F.

A SPECTATOR'S PLAINT.

S. S (Clerkenwell ) - What is the penalty for a judge who does not know his Textbook? During the recent Finals I overheard Brigade mem bers on several occasions ask if the supposed wound or was not "obviously d irty. " The Judge merely smIled, as one would at a silly quest ion, and made no answer J !

There is no penalty. Possibly page 84- torn out of your Textbook, and with paragraph 8 plainly marked -might be a useful gift if posted to the Judge in question. - N.C.F.

A POSER.

A. L. (Cardiff).-Your knowledge of the Textbook is well nigh exhaustless. So here is a poser For what condition does the Textbook definitely name the month when patients may suffer from the said condition?

Do you seek to pull my leg? If so, try again. Meanwhile look up p. 146 where you will find that Sunstroke may occur "during (a) March.I1- N.C.F.

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TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

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A I D.- July, r<)21

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ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily tor vublication) by the name and address of the Corresponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegraphic Address.- "Twentll-jour, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

peace it was necessary for it to be again available for carrying on its work for the needs of humanity Th e war had thinned the ranks considerably, and only by ge tting recruits for the peace organisation from those who had so loyally worked in the cause during the war was it possible to put the movement on a sound footing. For some little time it seemed that the defections from the army of ambulance workers would hardly be made good, but it is pleasing to record that there are to-day distinct bopes of a real and permanent revival of interest in the good work for the fostering of which this Journal exists.

The industrial unrest throughout the country has doubtless been in some measure responsible for the re cent apathy in ambulance work, for working men and women are after all the backbone of the movement, and it IS In large industrial areas that ambulance activities hav e particularly prominent in the past.

MUSIC published for Dru m, Flute and Bugles. Write for List.

S J A B

Officers Regulation Great Coats. Da rk • .• • • Grey cloth, to measure, £3 IC)S. 6d. QuotatIOns for o.ther equIpment on application. \\Trite t or patterns and partIculars, Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse.

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u FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut (Jut and enclosed with a/I Queries JULY, 1921.

A Revival in Ambulance Work.

THE unfortunate necessity of war, in which everyoue in the Empire was dir e ctly or indirectly involved,. lasting as it did oVer four years, caused thousands of men and women to take an interest in some phase of ambulance work. It was only to be expected that a great reaction would result when the long looked for armistice was announced and the tension which had been so long exerted could at last be relaxed, and with the declaration of peace which followed many enthusiastic workers in the cause laid aside their uniforms and textbooks with the pious hope that their ambulance activities were at an end.

Many who took up the work in the war were unaware of the existence of the ambulance movement in pre-war days, or had but a vague and hazy notion of the activities of such organisations as the St. John Ambulance Association.

The fact, however, remains that there existed for many years before the outbreak of hostilities an efficient ambulance organisation in this country, and with the advent of

It is the opinion of a lecturer well known in am bulance circles that we are on the eve of a revival in interest in first aid and kindred subjects and this he attributes to the increased interest that employers of labour are now taking in all phases of welfare work and to the fact that the Home Office realise the necessity of th e provision of first aid appliances in factories and workshops and to the need for workers being trained to make the best use of this equipment when the necessity arises.

Since diff€rences have bee'1 settled between the Railway Companies and their employees, the latter have taken a renewed interest in am bulance work and it is to be hoped that a settlement in the coal industry will have similar results as far as the miners are concerned. Signs are not wanting in other directions that interest in the is quickening throughout the country, and the statement which was recently heard that the only thing that can check the progress of the am bulance movement is the safety movement is indeed good news for we should all like to learn that "safety" work was so far advanced as to make ambulance work unnecessary. In this connection it IS interesting to note that in the streets of London alone there were upwards

IS -FIRST AI D. - August, 1921 -of fifty-seven thousand accidents last year (including nearly three thousand fatalities) and when one reflects that this means that two people were killed and about 58 inj ured each day. it prnvides food for thought as to the extent of the field for the energies of the workers in connection with the Safety and Ambulance Movements throughout the country

pass an examination arranged by a Centre of the A.ssociation they should see that the Secretary of the Class obtams a copy of 13. F. LB., and that the result of the examination is shown on tbis form and certified by the examiner. TIle form should then be sent to the Chief Secretary of the Association at St. John's Gate, who witI forward it to the Chief Commissioner.

(S igned ) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Grand :Priory of the Order of the ,}\ospital of St. john of jerusalem in gnglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT_ St. john .Ambulance Srigade.

No. 1 Distrkt COMJ\IIssrONER:

W. H. \VINNY, O.B.E.

DISTR ICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CA THEDRAL. September, 1921.

Sunday, 4th.-No 49 Division, Erith and District. " lIth.-No.80 Stoke Newington. " 18th.-No.82 " Gorringe Park. 25 th .- N o. 83 North ern Heights.

Duty from 2.30 p.m to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

PUBLIC DUTY ON THE OCCASION OF THE OPENING OF THE KING GEORGE V. DOCK BY H.M THE KING.

The following letter of thanks has been received from the Port of London Authority in conn ection with duty undertaken by the Brigade on the above occasion :-

The their meeting to-day passed a resolutIOn expressing then best thanks to the St. John Ambulance for so kindly arranging for the attendance of. their contmgents on the of th e opening of the Kmg George V. Dock by HIS Majesty the King on July 8th.

Although the occasion fortunately passed without any accident or mishap, yo ur many opporfor the performance of theIr beneficlent work which IS always so ably and generous ly rendered.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

The Annual Inspection of the Prince of Wales's Corps was held on Saturday, July l6th, on the Ground, Hyde Park. The InspectIng Officer was the ChIef Commissioner. The Parade was the com.mand of the Commissioner who was generally by DIstrIct Officer Captain Pontin It was disappointing .to find that the attendance o.n thIS was small.er than 1n other years, the CommisdesIres to express his appreciation of the smart manner In w,hlch both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions carn ed out their duties on that occasion.

At C?f .the march past, Lady Noble, who was by WIlham presented trophies won in District CompetItIOns and Service Medals to a number of members of the Corps.

ANNUAL RE-EXAMINATION.

.Members of Nursing Divisions are reminded that th to pass the Nursing as well as in First their Annual Re-exammatlon. Where members of the Brigade

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending new spaper c uttings of their meetings, etc., to giv e the date of publ ication of the newspapers.-EDIToR.

\VATfORD (No. 53) DIVISION.-At a local fire recently the members of the Division rendered splendid service unde r the command of Divisional Supt. Painter, when no fewer than 30 cases of injury were treated.

The injured included five fir e m en, four s oldiers, and thre e policemen . The other cases were those of civilian helpers

Five of the patients were so severely injured, as to nee d removal to the \Vatford Hospital, and two were- conveyed to doctor's surgeries.

The first member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade arrived upon the scene of the fire two minutes after the alarm was given, having just been relieved from duty quite near at hand. His s ervices were speedi ly needed, as he was treating the first patient one minute aft er h is arrival.

NO.2 District.

GLOUCESTER.- The Annual Inspection of the City of Gloucester Di vis ion and the Wason \Vorks Division too k pla c e at the Drill Hall, Gioucester, on August 1 ah. Assistant C omm is sioner F. H. Powell was the inspecting officer. The two DivisiGloS p arad ed upwards of 60 strong under Divisional Supts. J. Smith and W. Palmer. At the close of the inspection the Assistant Commissioner presented the Long Service Medals to the following members of the City Division: Divisional Surgeon F H. Sprague, Divisional Supt. J. Smith, Sergt. L. G. Robinson, Corpl. W. Slatter and Pte. W. Perkins

No. -4 District.

OLDHAM.- The annual show of the Royal Lancashire Agricultural Society was held at Oldham on July 27th -30th, 192 1. The Oldham Corps, under Corps Surgeon J. B. Lendrum, O B E., and Corps Supt. J. Harrison turned out for duty. Each day 5 men and N.C.O., along with 5 Ambulance Sisters and Nursing Officer paraded at 8.30 p.m. The total number of cases de a lt with was o v er 1.20, including kicks and bites. The station was visi ted by several officers of the Brigade, including Col. C. J. Trimble, Commissioner of the District, Asst.-Commis sioner A. V. Davies, O.B.E., and Mrs. Tweedale, A.R.R.C., J .P., who all expressed their satisfaction with the arrangements of the station and staff. A letter was received from R. O Bradbury, Esq., Secretary of the Show thanking the Corps for their work.

No. 5 District.

LEKD S.-The members of the Burley, Kirstall and Headingley Division attended the unveiling of a war memorial at St. Chad's Church on July 9th, and Divisional Supt. Baker placed a wreath which had be.en subscribed for by all the members III memory of two of their comrades of the Division, Ptes. F. Robinson and F. Beal, who lost their lives during the great war.

On July 17th the Division held a very successful Drumhead service on the grounds of Kirkstall Abbey. A procession was formed in the Cardigan Fields of officers and men of the

August, 1921.

-B'IRST

Le eds Corps, and Divisions from the surrounding districts who paraded under the command of Corps Supt. Ellison. The para de was inspected by Assistant Commissioner A. Ellison, and then marched to the Abbey headed bp the Kirkstall Road Salva tion Army Band and the Burley Boys Brigade Band, both of which kindly gave their services. The ambulance sisters joined the procession a little way from the Abbey, under the charg e of Lady Divisional Supts. Mrs. Rhodes and Miss Lasc elles.

On arrival at the Abbey the service was in charge of the Deputy Lord Mayor of Leeds (Ald. Oldroyd ) in the unavoidable abse nce of the Lord Mayor, who had kindly promised to preside and in his remarks pointed out to the public their indebtedness to the men and women of the S.J.A.B. for the time and expense they gave to enable them to t?emselves to be of assistance to the members of the pubhc In case of ilccid ent or sudden illness.

The Rev. W. H. Taylor (Vicar of Burley), in an excellent address said that the reason he was present at the service was so convi nced of the Christian principle in the ambulance movement that he was only too pleased to help the S .J.A.B. in every poss ible way he could.

Councillor Dr. Bathurst, In a most stlrnng speech, saId that if the people had seen the sights he saw during the war when he was medical offi c er to a battalion, and the help he got from his stretcher bearers who had been trained in the S.J.A.B before the war, they could never thank or help the nrigade enough.

Assistant CommIssIOner Ellison. on behalf of Burley, Kirkstall and Headingley Division, thanked the Deputy Lord Mayor, the speakers and the bands for their most generous servic e';.

The arrangements for the parade and service were in the hands of DiviSIOnal Supt. Baker, Ambulance Officer Fenton, and Serg t. W. W. Briggs, the officers and secretary of the Division.

BOSTON.-The name of Sergt. A. R Mills, D C.M. winner of the Marathon race for 1921 and 1920, appears on B.F.I.A., of the Boston Division of the S t. John Brigad e, which he joined on February 6th, 19l1. He. receIved his early tra n ing as a runner from Corp!. E. C. Munnmgs, also a membe r of the same division.

No.6 District.

ADDISON.-We regret to announce the death of Divi sional Supt. H. Purvis, of the Addison who was one of the pioneers of the ambulance movement In the North. He secured his first-aid certificate as far back as 1887, and afterwards rendered valuable assistance as a lay instructor and in the formation of classes.

Fifty years ago he was .chiefly instrumental in forming Addiso n Division. He served as an ambulance man dUring the war. In 1912 he received the honour of Honorary Serving Brot her of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem for his long and devot ed services to the ambulance cause. The deceased acted as ambulanc e officer for the Stell a Coal Company.

M IDDLESBROUGH.-The members of th is Division had won in open competition the" Sir Willans Nussey " Cup at N ort hallerton in 1919 and I920. They were prepared to fend their claim, and if possible, secure the cup for the third time on July 16th, 1921. All had .b.een made for proceeding to N where, I.n addItion to the com petition an Illspectlon of the whole DIVISIOn w.as tc;> take place. At the last moment owing to the c0!il stnke, It was found necessary to postpone these events until September.

A FIeld-day was therefore held at the village of Calton, in Cleveland. .The. In sis ting of members and their left .Mlddlesbrough 1.0 char-a-bancs, and after an enjoyable nde reached their desti nation in about an hour.

Afte,r exploring the beauties of Carlton, the party adj ourned

AID.- 19

to a field where sports for old and young were held. Tea was also served pic-nic fashion, and a merry time was spent. The prize-giving was an enjoyable function -all were prize-winners, no blanks. Prizes were awarded to firsts, seconds, to "also rans," and in fact, no one came away empty handed. The married men beat the single in an exciting football match; but had a return fixture been played some time during the following week very few plaYf!rs would have taken the field. The usual number of minor accidents occurred, for which due provision had been made, and one or tw o of the members exhibited their skill as First -aiders.

About 7.30 a move was made for the conveyances, and a happy and merry party reached Middlesbrough about 9 o'clock. The weather throughout had been ideal, and the outing on July 16 th, 1921, will long remain a pleasant memory.

No. 8 District.

MAIDSTONE. -We regret to record the death of Sergt. A. Pett, of the Division.

He joined the Division on its formation in April , 1915; October of the same year he volunteered for Active Service and served with the M.B. H.R. attached to the R.A. M.C. at home and abroad for year s, and treturned to Maidstone in April, 1919, and took up an active par t in the civi life of the Division ; he was very highly respe cte d by one and all and his loss will be felt by both officers and men.

successful week-end camp of the Chatham and District Division was held at Stockbury, and here, under the superintendence of Ambulan c e Officer Murray, assisted by Sergt. H. Fenton, and Corpl. A. C. Davis.

Assembling at Rainham on the evening of A ugust 5th, the party marched to Stockbury, arriving shortly after eight o clock. After a short rest the members set to work to pitch tents and establish the camp, a task which, with splendid organisation, was successfully accomplished in record time. (( Lights Out" was sounded at 10.30 p.m., and the members retired to a wellearned rest.

On Saturday a strenuous morning was devoted to extenfield work. I n the afternoon a n interesting cricket match took place between the members and Stockbury 11. which, unfortunately, time would not permit of continuing to a finish.

An invitation had been extended to the inhabitants of Stockbury and the surrounding villages to witness a display of ambulance work by the Divi sio n in the evening, and this invitation received a ready response The display was followed by an interesting boxing contest.

On Sunday morning the Division paraded for divine service at the parish church of St. Mary, where a sermon was preached by the Vicar..

Mention must not be omitted of the untiring energies of Secretary and Sergt. S. S. Young, upon whom devolved the whole of the clerical work, and whose labours undoubtedly contributed largely to the success of the camp, also of LanceCorpl. N. Hales for his valuable assistance in arranging for catering and transport.

Marching back to Rainham after tea, on Sunday evening, the members reached home about 10 p.m., feeling that the innovation had been a great success.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

At the request of Mr. E. J. Bo?ane the Council of the Royal Dublin Society, a Flrs.t Aid StatIOn was organised by Corps Supt. A. J. MacWiliIam and .Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks at the Dublin Horse Show, whIch was held on the Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursda):' and Frida):' of t.he second wtek in August, the Brigade taklDg over their duties from the Monday night.

Glenageary Ambulance Division under Supt. W. Paget

-FIRST

Haffield, M.B.E., undertook the night duty and attended to accidents. Amongst the other superintendents and officers who attended with the members of their Divisions were:Supts. J. S. Smurthwaite, F. J. Horne, J. L. Keogh and G, Dick; and amongst those who assisted Mrs. Shanks from the Nursing Divisions were :-Lady District Officer Miss Overend, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. W. H. Robinson, Lady Supts. Miss E. Moore, Miss Nugent and Mrs. Chas. Keatinge, with Nursing Officers Miss V. Moore and Mrs. G. M. Rowlette with their Nursing Sisters.

Lady Supt. Miss Mo wbray kindly undertook the catering arrangements for the Orderlies and Sisters during the entire week, and these were, as in former years, admirably carried out under her jurisdiction.

The station was visited by many of the Council and Agricultural Committee of the Show during the week, and one and all expressed themselves delighted with the efficient arrangements made. Corps Supt. A. J. MacWilliam and Mrs. Shanks are to be heartily congratulated on the splendid arrangements.

Report of and British Red Cross Society Order of St. John.

STRIKING details of the great work carried on during the war by the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, are given in the general report of the Joint War and Finance Committees, which has just been issued by the Stationary Office, and covers the period from !9 14- 1 9 1 9·

A solid volume containing over 800 foolscap pages 0accounts, records, maps, and explanatory paragraphs will receive welcome and study in circles not usually attracted by such bulky publications. During the war there were few civilians of either sex or any age whose services were not offered to and accepted by the Joint Red Cross societies. in capacity. Th.e official military history of the war IS awaIted b} the soldIer or ex-soldier with keen interest, as. is the medical history by the profession; but concealed In the pages of the report of the Joint War and Finance Committees of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John will be found by the careful reader the epic of Details of the nursing personnel, of the orgamsatIOn of the central workrooms, and of registered work. parties-a list of these covers 36 pages-and depots, to gIve only examples drawn at random, record without unnecessary comment the extent to which the hitherto untrained contributed to the results achieved.

Like the great achievement which it lecords the Report, which is Sir Arthur Stanley, chai:man, and CecIl, VIce-Chairman, of the Joint War IS and well done. The writing and compllmg of It must been very difficult, partly on account of the vast and vanous field of activity which it covers, partly because the staff, unlike that of a permanent service, has now been diSbanded and scattered. The .IS _ clea.rly written abounding In detaIl, .It aVOlds techmcalIty; telImg everythmg, it keeps to the polOt,

The report is divided into four parts-( I) Headquarters WO.rk. and Finance; (2) Work Abroad; (3) "Y0unded, MISS1r:g and Prisoners of War; (4) DemobilsatIOn and ConcluslOn.

. A preliminary note on the genesis of the Joint Committees leads on to an account of their general manage-

AID. - August, 1921.

ment, including the personnel in charge of separate departments. The various sources from which thp colossal sum of £21,885,035) the total of the receipts October 20th, 19 [4, and June 30th, 1920, was amassed are set out clearly in tables showing that over 16! millions in cash, and over a million in stores, were actually collected from the public. The Government grants, amounting to £681,257, were mostly capitation allowances in respect of sick aud wounded men in Joint Committee hospitals, and on after-care and other post-war schemes to £2,717,927, leaving a surplus on June 30th. 1920, of £ 1,826.680 ; while administration expenses were kept to the low figure of £741,725, or 3'39 pt:r cent. of the income. The section on personnel is limited to the consideration of the paid staff sent out from headquarters.

Thirteen units consisting of medical officers, dressers, nurses and orderlies were sent out to France and Belgium before October, 1914, and six later in the same year. Thenceforward no further complete units were sent to France, though several were despatched to more distant countries. The provision of stores to Red Cross hospitals and additional comforts to the whole army is described year by year. A chapter on ambulance contains excellent pictures of interiors of bacteriological laboratory, dental surgery, soup kitchen, and workshop cars.

The account of the development of the Voluntary Aid Department is of special interest, and will be read perhaps more widely than any other section of the report The establishment of the King George Hospital and of auxiliary home hospitals and convalescent homes, hospitals and camps is described, and notes on the after-care of disabled men, the central workrooms, the Red Cross library, and miscellaneous grants to auxiliary bodies complete the section of the report dealing with headquarters work and finance.

A detailed account, arranged geographically, uf work abroad is then given. The next section describes the efforts made on behalf of the wounded and missing and prisoners of war, and is followed by a brief note on th e demobilisation schemes carried out.

In the hands of the Joint War Finance Committee there is still a balance of not far short of two millions. And this is what it proposes to do with it :-

"We may still anticipate many claims on our funds for the purpose of relieving disabled ex-Service men; and these men have, unquestionably, the first claim upon us. We are prepared, if needs be, to spend the whole of the surplus in the relief of their hardship, provided tbat proper distribution schemes can be established to our satisfaction. Meanwhile, our funds are invested, and will be applied primarily to making grants to objects falling properly within our scope. . . . If we are asked to sum up our policy, it is, while meeting every urgent call of the disabled exService, to husband the bulk of our resources until, from the exhaustion of other charities or the inevitable waning of active sympathy, the need of the war-injured ex-Service man seems likely to be greatest, and then to utilise our income and capital in that form of relief which promises to be of the greatest benefit to such sufferers. "

When co.rresponding with Advertisers p lea·s.e mention "First Aid "

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Sir Owen Phillips to be Honorary President and Mr. E. Peter Jones to be Honorary Vice-President, 6.7. 21

Official Brigade Gazette

JU LY, 19 2 1.

The Chi e f Commissioner bas sanctione.d followiug appointments, promotions, transfers and reslgnatlOns :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 41 (Brixton) Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon W D. Higson resigned, 25.7. 21 .

N 0_ 2 I (Bromley) Division.-Ambulance Officer W. Chfford resigned, 16.7. 21

NO.2 DISTRICT.

District Officer A. E. Larking (Bucks ) transferred to No. 8 District, 12.7. 2 I I S · Windsor and Eton Nursing Dlvlslon.-Ambu ance _ Ister Edith Baker to be Lady Officer, 14. 6 21 Lady Ambulance Officer Manon Cox to be Lady DIVIsional Supt., 14 6 21 k b

Reading (G.W.R.) Division.-Sergt. Henry Ban s to e Ambulance Officer, 26.7. 21 City of Bristol Corps.-Corps Officer Alonzo Cotton, M.B.E., to be BuckinghamCorpsNursing Dlvlslon.-Cpt.George Bruce Peatson,

L RC. P.S.E., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5. 8 21

Buckingham Division.-Cpt. George Bruce Eeatson, L.R.C.P.S.E., to be Acting Divisional Surgeon, 5. 8 21

No. 3 DISTRICT-

The Tower Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

E leanor Buckler resigned, 29·7.2I

Edith Indermaur to be Lady 21.6.21

Northampton Corps (Daventry DlvlslOn).-Lady

Divisional Supt. Mrs. May Garrard reSigned, 18.12.20

Ambulance Sister N. C Callier to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 18.7. 21 , ) H F to

Kettering Corps (Desburough DIVISion arry en n to be Divisional Supt., 28.7. 21 .' ., )

Dudley and District Corps (Dudley Nursmg DIVISion .-

Cyril Cassan Messiter, M.R.C.P., L.R.C.P., L.M.S.S.A., M.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.7·21

Lady Ambulance Officer A. Scriven reverts at own Wish to Ambulan:e Sister, 2J.2.20 ., ) S t

Dudley and District Corps (Stourbndge DIVIslOn.- erg. Henry Baker to be Ambulance Officer, 18 7. 21 , , _ Dudley a.nd District Corps (Dudley lance Officer E. Griffin transferred to, Bngade Reserve, East Warwickshire. Corps- -Sergt. William Robert Girling to be Corps .8.7. 21

B · I H'll Nursing DIVISIOn -Lady DIVISional Supt. ner ey I h 10? 20

L. Hancox reverts to Sister at own WIS, .-. Netherton Division.-Dlvlslonal Supt. H. Cooksey transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.6.2 NO. 4 DISTRICT.

Tyldesley Division.-Sidney H. Ryan, M.B., L.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.8.21, vice Divisional ur geon T. Gray resigned, 29.7. 21 .' L d

Bolton Corps (Victoria Nursmg DIVlSlOn.- a Y

Divisional Supt. J. Higham reSIgned, 6.6.21

Chester Division.-Divisional Surgeon J. L. Russell to be Divisional Supt., 2S 7. 21

Chester Nursing Division.-Violet, Duchess of WestmInster to be Honorary President and the Grosvenor and Mrs. Peter Jones to be Honorary Vice-Presidents, 6.7. 21

Divisional Surgeon J. L. Russell transferred from Todmorden Division, 25.7. 21

Todmorden Division.-Divisional J- L. Russell transferred to the Chester Division as DIVISional Supt. and to the Chester Nursing Division as Divisional Surgeon, 25.7. 21 Thomas Sutclifte to be Divisional Supt. 21.7. 21

Liverpool Corps Nursing Division ).-Ambulance Sister Miss Maude Bellasls to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 14.5. 21 d

Warrington Corps.-Corps Officer T. Cawley reslgne

9. 6 21

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Lincoln Corps (" B " Division ).-Divisional Supt. J. Dickinson resigned, 2.3. 21

Bradford Corps.-Divisional Supt. Ernest Bussey to be Corps Officer, 5.7. 21 .' \V II" Bradford Co-uperative Nursmg DlvlslOn.-Lewls I lams

M.D., C.M , D.P.H., to be DivisiOIlal 23- 6 21 , Bradford Tramways Nursing E. VIolet

GI 1\1 B C M B M D. to be DlVlslOnal Surgeon, over, ." . .., . ,

23 6 21 D' , ) Pt Alb t orth Staffs. Railway Corps (Stoke IVlSlOn.- e. er Hugh Kelly to be Divisional Su pt: , 11.7. 21 Belper Division.-Percy \Vllham Short to be Ambulance Officer, 19.7.21, vice A. Spencer Sheffield Corps (" A II - Damel

M R C S L R C P L.S.A. to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon, 1.7 1

. Sh [field (" C ,,' Division ).-Frank Samuel Hardy, M R C L.R.C.P. to be Divisional Surgeon, 1.7. 2 1 . Corps ( Central Division ).-Clement E. Speight to be Ambulance Officer, 25 -4. 21, vice Ambulance Officer L. E. Kirk resigned, 21.9. 20 d D'" 1St Ravensthorpe Nursing Dlvlslon.-La Y IVlSlona up. D. M. Walker resigned, 16.1.21

No.6 DISTRICT.

Stanhope Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss

D Briggs transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 26 7. 21 d Divisional Surgeon T. Gray transferred to the Bnga e Reserve 26.7. 21 . L d DO<' 1St Bolden Colliery Nursing D1VlslOn.-- a Y lVlSlOna up Mary Stewart resigned, 19.7.21 H d Ashington Coal Co. Corps.-Corps Supt. C. en erson resigned, 4}·21 D'" Middleton Fletcher to be D ivisional DarlIngton IV1Slon.-

Corps (Springwell Division)_John Hetherington, M.B., B.S., to be DlVlslOnal Surgeon, 20.7. 21

No.8 DISTRICT.

District Officer A. Larking, M.D., transferred from No.2 District, 12·7·21

NO.9 DISTRICT. Bodmin Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Daisy Co-operative NursSister Marion Phillips to be Lady mg lV1Slon.Ambulance Officer, 5 7. 21 ( N t Abbot Division).-Sergt. Newton Abbot Corps ew on " 8 '? Samuel James Shapley to be Ambulance Officer, - _1

22 - FIRST AID & THE ST.

Newton Abbot Corps Amb I Offi Greenslade to be Corps O'ffi u8ance eel' Edgar William cer,2 2I

No. IO DISTRICT.

I pswich Corps (Broad tN' lance Sister Florence urslng DlvIslOn).-AmbuOfficer, 3 o 6 2 I g on to be Lady Ambulance

Henry Rendall to be Ambu-

JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. August, 1921.

As Esquires.'

Captain Harold Astley Tapp, R A.S.C.

James Woodward Riley, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed.

As Honorary Servi7tE( Brothers: Fredenck Ferdinando Linley.

George Alfred Enderby. Hastings Andrews.

August, 192 t. -FIRST competed, each being represented by one couple. Great interest was shown in the Tournament and a large number of spectators were present.

AID.-

First Aid Section Briti sh Medical Association.

NO. 12 DISTRICT.

Nenagh .Nursing Division -L d D'"

Dease resigned, I.5 2I . a y IVlslonal Supt. Mrs.

The Lady Dunally to be Lady Divisional Supt 66 . ., .. 2I

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAl\I RAIL\VAY DISTRICT.

Miles Sanders.

William] ohn O'Hagan.

Charl es Ollis.

John Marriott.

Ellis Edward Ellis

As Honorary Serving Sisters

B kBricklayer's Arms Division.-Sergt J

ar er to be Ambulance Officer, 27.7.2I· ames John William

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned disbanded ad ' __ ,n re-named ;

l'W. 6 DISTRICT.

The Stanhope Nursing Division.-Disbanded 26

NO.7 DISTRICT. ·7·21

Oswestry Nursing Division - S anctlOned, 19.7.21

NO·9 DISTRICT.

Torpoint Division.-Sanctioned, 30 .7.21

No.8 DISTRICT.

Bradford" lone " Nursing Division c Bradford Corps.-29.7.2I to lonn part of the

DEATHS.

, Ambulance Officer A S Dlstrict.- I 9.7.2I pencer, Belper Divisiun, No. 5

147 C 2Ior p s Officer Jowett, Keighley Corps No 5 D' ' '. Istnct.-

JAMES R. ANDREW (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Grand Hospital

Priory of the Order of the of. St. John of Jerusalem In England.

Chancery of the Order St. fohn's Gale, London E C 6 h ' The K h ' . ., 2 12 /uly, .f92I

109 as been g-raciousl follOWing promotions in d Y P eased to sanction th of the Order of the to, the Grand Prior; England;- t. John of Jerusalem in

,. As I(nights of. Grace

Hodder Williams C V 0

Glr obert Hudson Borwick' Bt eorge Alexander Sawyer, C.B.E.

As Ladies of Grace.

Emily Selina Augusta Gresh

Lady Kathleen Milborne S MISS Leveson Gower

Margaret Mary Mrs He wInWnerton Pilkington . nry ells.

Margaret Mary, Miss Ashdown. Runnalls, Miss Wren R C C JulIet, Mrs. Craig, M.B.E. ,'"

As Honorary Associates.

Robert Allan Grant Taylor, O.B.E. M C Professor Robert Lawford Knaggs,'M.D.: F.R.C. ;'.

V.A.D. Notes and News .

DURING July 20 V AD N t M ·· urslng Mem bers o Inlstry of Pensions (f) d N post ed 9 an aval (I) hospItals.

ApplIcatlOns by ex-Service W p In connection with the Soc' t f hom ,n for free p assages of British Women numb Ie y or t e Overseas Settlement er 1,144.

We are informed by th S and V.A.D. Committee of e of Joint Nursing delightful premises have b the Umted Fund that Rest Home for trained n een secdured at Folkestone as a d urses an V ADm b serve In the war. It is ho d '" em ers who end of September Th pe 'Itlo bopen the home at the ere WI f> acco d' rom 30 to 35 guests F 11 mmo atlOn for Home will be given in' ou u ert WIth regard to th e r nex Issue.

Miss Margaret Alice J h the British Red Cro S as been nomInated by h r SS oClety as their t e lorthcoming Internatio I P bI' representative in Course at Bedford Colleg nt . u .IC Health Nursin g mencing in October of th O e, mverslty of London, com- IS year.

Miss James was educated at later joined Voluntary Aid prIvate scho?l at Rugby , strved as a V A D N . M ment, WarWIck 72 and urslng emb h ' General Hospital, Chelsea from er at t e 2nd London 19I7. She then entered General .19 10 to February Hospital, and gained her t'fi raInIng at St. Thomas 's Since then she has been 1 catf there in July, 19 20 further experience with Ing at. St. Thomas's gaining Nursing. a VIew to takIng up Public Health

The Matrons of the 42 mo were requested to mak st training schools h e recommendatlo . Wit these scholarships and k' ns In connection the B.R.C.S. A number of re very mdly.co-operated with and after the most caref 1 cor;ndmen.datlUns were received selected. u conSI eratlOn Miss James was

An open Int D'" held on Monda er- IVlSlOnal Tennis Tournament was V.A.D. Lawn AIIth ,. courts belonging to the R ssoclatlon In St Th 'H ' ecreatlOn Ground at Ch' k .' S ospltal well Ch I ISWIC. FIve DIVISIons C b

• € sea, Kensington P dd' , am e r, a Ington and Westminster

In the first round Camberwell, Chelsea and Kensington had byes, while Paddington (Miss C. Hill and Miss 1. Wanklyn) met Westminster (Miss C. Morley and Miss Murray Johnson) and after a very keenly contested match won 6-4, 10-8 In the next round the Kensington players (Miss N. Jenkins and Miss V. Gotch) won 6-0, 6-0, against Camberwell, whos e players be ing at work all day and unable to arrive until late in the afternoon, showed a very sporting spirit in ent e ring Chelsea, represented by Miss B. Maunsell and Miss McCroarty, was defeated by Padding ton 6-1, 6 -0. In the final round Kensington defeated Paddington 7-5, 6 --4, and by so doing won the Challenge Cup and will hold it for this year

The Tournament will be play ::: d every year, and it is hoped that n ex t year more Divisions will be able to compete. A match against the St. Thomas' Hospit al Nurses' Tennis Club was played on July 23rd, ea ch club sending two couples The V.A.D. Lawn Tennis Association was represented by Mrs. Somerset and Miss W. Goff, and Miss C. Collins and Miss 1. Wanklyn. The match resulte d in a victory for the Nurses, who won by thre e matches to on e , Mrs. Somers e t and Miss Goff defeating the Nurses' "B" couple.Unfortunately the match arranged for July 16th against the Q.M.A.A.C. Old Comrades Association had to be cancelled, as sev e ral members of the Q.M. A.A C. team were unable to play on that date , and it was impossible to ge t o ther players

We regret to r e cord the death of V.A.D. nursing member Mrs. Mab e Mary Hillyard Coomber, London 4 8 This member serv e d in England and France from 27 4 Ie to 14 5. 1 9, gaining two Scarlet Efficiency .Stripes.

We have also heard that V.A D. nursing member Mlss E unice Thomas, Cheshire 124, died in December last after a year of great suffering She served in England and France from 23.3 17 to 10.6.19 and gain e d on e Scarlet Efficiency Stripe.

Miss Lily Rog e rson, Lanark 34, who se rved as a General Service m e mber in France from 9 · I. 18 to 6. I I. Ig, when she returned to England and se rv e d as a Nursing member till I 4 19, has rec e ntly died as the result of an accident.

The following is a copy of a letter received from the Admiralty by Headquart e rs B R.C.S. :-

SlR,-I am commanded by My Lards of the Admiralty to refer to the arrangements made In April last whereby 300 Voluntary Aid were held ready for duty at 24 hours notice to assist the Naval Med\cal Service on th e calling ou t of the Royal Fleet Reserve, Class B. 1 am to rtquest that you will to the Red Cross Society and to Lady OlIver an express,IOn of Their Lordships' appreciation of the prompt rendered during the emergency and of ,the manner in which the nurses carned out theIr du.tIes -1 am, Sir, Your obedient servant (Signed) CHARLES WA LKER.

Oxygen respirators have been added t? ' the fi.rst -aid appliances of the London Ambulance Hitherto it as been necessary to call at the for help when artificial respiration had been .appl1ed 10 cases of gas poisoning suffocation and drowmng.

DR ROBERT ANDERSON, one of the Vice-PresIdents, was in the chair at th e meeting of the First Aid Section of the As sociation Sir James Cantlie opened the subject of First-Aid work. Forty years of teaching ambulance, he said, had brought home the fac t that it was in the interests of the public during peace as well as for the soldier in war that the work of ambulance teaching should be raised from out of the hapha zar d methods of instruction which up to th e pres e nt had pr e vailed. He described how Esmarch, th e founder of military ambulance, after seeing in 1881 the meaning of civil a:nbulanc e in Britain, returned to Kiel and there raised th e subject to the higher platform of university teaching. In Britain, Sir James Cantlie urged, this had never been do ne. We had been content to let ambuiance be taught in the noise and dust of the railway goods shed. He recalled his own early lectures in a shed at Charing Cross, with a candle stuck in a beer bottle as an illuminant. It was the result of forty years' experience that induc e d him in 1914 to open the College of Ambulance in London, the iliitial funds being a pres"nt from the pupils who crowded into the ambulance classes at the Regent-street Polytechnic The weekly attendances at the college for three years amounted to over 900 The college was now incorporated, and was a national institutIOn regulated by a governing body with Sir Rickman Godlee as President. It had become a great centre of teaching ambulance, and it was hoped to secure a site and building for the establishment of a technical college at which ambulance workers might be educated in a manner worthy of this important departm ent of practical medicine and surgery. The response to the appeal for support had been most generous and encouraging. Ambulance was not a question of to-day but of all time. Dr. Robtrt Anderson was also able to speak with forty years' exp erience of ambulance work. He descr ibed how he gave his first lectur es on the subject in Northumberland in 188r , and gave some interesting illustrations of the value of the instruction given to miners in a large area around Newcastle. Sir James Cantlie a m.ap Great ,Britain mark e d out into dlstncts 10 connectlOn With the Idea of utilising the x-ray motor ambulance, which originated in a conversation betwe e n Major Robert Mitchell, Dr. Robert Knox and hims elf He explained how the Eccentric Club contributed the funds for the purchase of the motor ambulance wagon which worked in ' the London district with the College of Ambulanc e as a centre. A demonstr a tion of the value of the new yoke slip for stretch =r-b ar ers was then given by Sir James Cantlie.

Dr. George Locke described the excellent motor ambulance in use at Hastings , and expressed bis intentIOn of furthering in that locality the interests of the N ew Am bulance Society.

A rem a rkable demonst ration was then given of Thom son's machine fo r armless men. Sir James Cantlie deScribed how Mr. Georg e Thomson of came to devise this machine which so marvellollsly Imitated hand or arm movem e nts . An armless man sitting at a table fed himself, lighted a washed his face and did other things with ast?lllshmg ease, and. the of rescue work was gtven by Mr. F. Mills at the MIners Rescue Station in Newcastle.

1\0. 5 ; NO.9; No.8; No. 12

Report of British Red Cross Society and St. John

Order of The Grand Priory of the Order of the St. John of Jerusalem in England Hospital of V.A.D. Totes and News

Aid Section British Medical Association

AND ANSWERS TO

J ' ,a many membe rs of th S ohn s Am bulance Brigade enlisted under this Ord .e t. If. he would say whether they have the ri h and in their pay over and ab \ to claIm the which was awarded to them. ove t e IS. 6d. a day

Lieut.-Col. Hon. G. F. Stanle r enlistments referred to wer I y ephed that the specIal e on y open up to 14th A 19 1 4, and were fur general s- rvic All u?ust e. men who enlisted

AID.- August,

-FIRST AID.-

19

under the .Order have been paid the special rate of pa!. The of the men of the St. John's Am bulance Bngade enhsted for home service only, and many enlisted too late to get the special rate. All h suc men were entitled to ordinary rates of pay only.

* * 41-

Our reader: will, we know, learn with sincere regret that our good and adviser, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, has undergone a senous operation and wI'II ., h ,JOlO WIt us lO wlshmg him rapid and complet e recovery. His last act before operatIOn was to send along his monthly budgd for these columns.

* *

The result of * introducing four ambulance rooms with tramed. nurses lO connection with factorifs in Scotland employlOg some thousands of operatives has been-the annual report on factori"s (quotQd by E' .) \.0 '" ngmeermg statesthat claIms on the factory accident fund have diminished so much that it has been found possible to reduce the weekly. contri?ution from 3d. to 2d. per head and at th e same tIme to lOcrease the benefit from I2S 6d t 0 20S. Dcr week. By sImilar means a large firm iron and st'e I manufacturers have, it is stated reduced the' e Ir compensatIOn rate from I7s.6d.lll 19IItc14s in 1920 Th IS Improvement here IS said to be almost wholly due to the . preventIOn of septIc -pOlsomng of wounds which in th I trivial. emse ves were

***

. We. noticed last year that a V. A. D. established a FIrst AId sta.tlOn on the foreshore of a popular seaside resort and thiS yea.r a commodious hut has be.en erect-=d by local Counct! who realised the valuable k h' h wor w IC was belIJg carned out. During the summer month s a n enormous Influx of visitors gather at the popular r.>sort d th \.0 aroun e and It IS inevitable that quite anum ber of accidents WIll happen. vVe would suggest that D'IVlSlons lO or near holIday resorts should this example.

**

The annual report of the St. Andrews Amb I A u aDce ssoclatlOn states that during the year 23,108 calls had been made upon the wagons of the A " ssoclatlOn, and the total of patients conveyed since the formation of the ASSOCIatIOn was now 267 975 In Gl h ,. asgow t e turnsout numbered 12,14 1 involving 12,155 cases, a decrease of I57 turns -out and 26 4 cases as compared with th e prevIOUS year. Of the cases attended in Glasgow 5 87 f ' 3 were cas es o aCCIdent and 6,282 cases of illness Th e turns-out represented an avera ge of 33'26 daily I th' n e case of 354 calls the wagons were not required on arrival Th f e reports rom the ASSOCIatIOn's c entres in other parts of Scotland showed the motor ambulance s ervices carri e d on by the ASSOCIatIOn were of much benefit·o tb L e commumty

The ASSOCIatIOn had now 69 centre" or bra h S nc e s 10 cotland carrYIng. on am bulance services for the transport of the SIck and lOjured, and eight new centr e s had been formed and local committees appol'nt d d . e urIng th e year. 2 1.

TH E Furness Railway Company, unlike other Railway Compllnies, hold the annual competition during th e summer months, it taking the form of an al fresco function in the beautiful grounds of Furness Abbey.

This year's comp etition was held on July 19th, and were conducted on the lawn in front of the botel and under th e shadow of th e famous ruins, the work of adjudication being in the hands of Dr. J. Johnston, M.D., of Blackpool. There were five teams entetered for the Directors' Challenge Shield.

The shield was awardeed to Moor Row, who gained 212 marks; Millom were placed second with 1651 marks) and Ulver ston third, with 159 marks. Barrow rc.ceived I44t marks and Whitehaven 87 marks. This is the third time Moor Row have won the shi eld, Barrow having carried it off on six occasions, Millom four times, and Ulve rston once.

Mr. F. J. Ramsden (chairman of the Railway Company) presided, and at the conclusion of the competition presented the shield to the captain of the winning team. Mrs. J. A. Jackson then presented the individual prizes. She also handed labeis, medallions, and certificates granted by St. John Am bulance Ass:)ciation to the members of the Centre.

The: chairman also presented the Insigna of Hon. Serving Brother to Mr. P.-Probert.

Amon st those present were: Col. J. A. Jackson (director) and Mrs. Jackson, Dr. and Mrs. E. B. Pooley (Dalton), Mr. W. Hollings (North-Eastern Ambulance Centre), Mr. G. H. Nutter (cbairman Lanr.ashire and Yorkshire Centre) and Nutt e r, Mr. G. S. Hill (secretary L. and Y. Centre), Dr. and Mrs. Williams (Barrow), Dr. B. and Mrs. Mitchell (l\loor Row) and various officers of the Company.

We regret space precludes up publishing the whole of the marking sheets, but we give below the Team Tests.

TEA:}[ TESTS.

Card I.-You are summoned to this gardener who has fallen from a ladder into a "cold frame." On being extricated from the broken glass, etc., you find that he is unconscious, that his face is covered with blood, and that the lower part of his right trouser leg is blood-soaked. "First Aid" Box is available.

Doctor at once :2

Telephon e in house 2

Rapid examination :2

Card 2 (Face).-Arterial hxmorrhage from deep incised wound across right side of face, extending from right nostril to above middle of front of right ear.

Digital pressure over right facial... 2

Digital pressure over rig-ht temporal -+

Correct positions 2

Pad and bandage crossed and tied over pressure point of facial...

Digital pressure on temporal continued 2

Avoid contamination of wound ." 2

Not to be touched by hands unless perfectly clean and have been sterilized by Mild tincture of iodine (I) or spirit (1) :2

Or washed with sterilized water

Remove forei gn bodies seen 2

Wash away dirt·-by pouring sterile water over wound and away from it... ." -+

Do not disturb clots over wound... 2

4-

Apply tincture of iodine all over wound and surrounding ski n 2

Cover with clean, dry, soft, absorbent dressing 1

Sterile gauze or lint (I), boracic lint (1) 2

Clean handkerchief

Clean piece of linen 1

Clean unprinted paper 1

No pad over dressing... 4

Bandage lightly applied

Relax arterial pressure

Card 3 (L eg ). - (1) Free h cemorr hage from deep cut across back of right leg, inch above lower end of Fibula, which has severed the tendon of the muscles of the calf.

(2) There is a simple fracture of the Right Patella.

Digital pressure on Right Femoral... 2

Tourniquet on Right Femoral 2

Remove necessary clothing

Right boot and sock

Slit trouser leg 1

Expose wound 2

Cleanse wound 2

Tincture of Iodine to wound and surround ing skin 4

Avoid contamination 2

Remove foreign bodies seen 2

Dressing 2

No pad. Bandage lightly applied 2

Art erial pressure relaxed-if hcemorrbage controlled 4

Flexion of knee 4

Extension of foot

Cold water dressings or hot applIcations to knee

No splints to knee

Card -+.-(1 ) Patient now conscious.

(2) Remove on stretche r and place on ambulance wagon, 100 yards away.

Recumbent position maintained 2

Caution against movement 2

Cover warmly 2

Hot water bottles (I), fan (I) 2

\Varm drinks

Preparing stretcher 4-

Loading (2), carrying (2) -+

Placing on ambulance wagon -+

Extra marks-

4-+ 5

Speed (5), smartness ( 5)... 10 Avoiding unnecessary work

Reviews.

FIRST AID A_ D RESCUE WORK IN MINING

By Louis G. Irvine, M.A., M.D. South African Red Cross Society. Technical Boobhop, 724, Salisbury House, E.C.2.

THE publication of a new Manual of First-Aid would appear superfluous, were it not that Dr. Irvine's First Aid in 11ft'ning frankly deals with the particular requirements of those who may b e called upon to handle mining emergencies. D ivid ed into two parts, the first of which sets out General Principles and General Rules, tbe book throughout concentrates on its obj ect and should prove invaluabl e to l\Iine ReslUe Workers. Excellently prepar ed, it endeavours to satisfy the needs of senior and junior students by placing in smaller type or within square brackets such portions as are not essent ial to an elementary knowledge of the subject. How far this plan is wise or justifiable is a matter of opinion!

\Ve note with interest the inclusion of a brief description of Thomas' Extension Splint, which by reason of its war triumphs should, in our opinion, now find a place in the equipment of senior ambulance students. So, if we exclude two minor errors-i.e., the all- too - common misspelling of " Silvester" and the bent elbows in Schaefer's method-then we have nothing but praise ,tor a ?ook f?r a special object, keeps its. teachmg strictly t?e lImItatIOns of First Aid and sets It out so clearly, so dlstIDctly and so thoroughly.

-FIRST Louth Centre, 5.J .A.A.

AI' an exhibition promoted by the Lindsey (Lines.) County Federation of Women's Institutes, a stall was placed at the disposal of the Louth Centre Committee of the S.J.A.A. This the committee furnished with all the articles frequently required in a sick room-a bed made up ready for the admission of a patient, bed table, bedrest, bed cradle, feeding cup, thermometer, etc., etc. The Cottage Hospital at Louth kindly supplied a relay of nurses, who were in attendance at the stall from I till 8 p.m., and the object of the demonstration was to illustrate the usefulness of the sick worn stores depots which have been established at Louth and many other Centres throughout the County. These depots have already more than justified the small outlay necessary for their establishment, and have proved a great boon not only to the poorer but to all classes of the com· munity, besides furnishing an outlet for the energy of ambulance workers.

A leaflet issued by the Louth Centre states that all requisities for the sick room may be obtained from their stores, and anyone living in the borough of Louth, or within a radius of 10 miles, who is in need, may obtain for a small weekly sum any article in the stores, which are open from I p.m to 2 p.m. on Wednesdays, and from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. on other week days.

The exhibition was very well attended and there were many visitors to the Centre's stall, which proved a great attraction. The work that is being by the Centres in Lincolnshire in this direction is much appreciated throughout the County.

south Eastern and Chatham Railway.

QUITE a large gathering of ambulance enthusiasts were present in the Ambulance Room at Victoria Station (S.E. and C. Ry.) on 27th July, to witness the presentation of ambulance awards to members of the staff of all grades who qualified at the 1920.21 classes.

Mr. Banks, in introducing Lady Cheatle to those present, said how much they were indebted to her for her presence, knowing as they all did, how many calls she must have on her time, and yet how readily she consented to come in order to show her very keen interest in the work of the Centre.

Lady Cheatle, in replying, said that she came now, not at) a stranger among because it was the third occasion in which she had been asked to fulfil this office, but rather she wanted those who belonged to the Centre to look upon her as a member of the very grateful outside public, and as a friend. She emphasised very strongly her appreciation, as a member of the outside public, of the work performed by each of the ambulance men, but at the same time felt that it was a great pity that the public did not know more about the good work they were always doing; work which was beyond praise. She thought that eve!ybody liked to be thanked for what they did, and .she felt that it was her place to express the immense gratitude of the outside public for the time and trouble taken by the ambulance men to make themselves efficient; time spent when off duty when other interests had to be put on one side.

AID - August, 1921

When first she came to them, she said she did not know very much about them or their work, but she had had an opportunity of witnessing their final competition, and, although she did not belong to Victoria in the same sense that she had belonged to them when her husband was Surgeon of the Division, yet she would have been delighted to see Victoria win. She had watched each team with very keen interest, and to call it an entertainment would be quite wrong, it was a much bigger word than an entertainment. She was very much struck with their treatment of her own sex, although those taking tht! part of patients and ladies were, of course, men on this occasion_ One heard sometimes of ladies taking the part of men, but one had not often an opportunity of seeing a man made up as a lady and, speaking for her own sex, she said she thought they were very cool and confident in the face of danger, but at the same time you, "knowing our weakness you gave us tea, but had the patient been a man you would no doubt have given him something stronger."

When the men h!id a case to deal with she felt that the patient was in good, competent and kind hands, and not only did she feel that, but she knew that the public felt it too.

The certificates were then presented to those passing their first examinations and a medal to the be"t first year candidate, this being secured by Mr. Sparks Vouchers, medallions and labels were afterwards presented, also a number of seven and fourteen year medals.

The business concluded with a very hearty vole of thanks to Mr. Stratton, and the presentation of a bouquet of flowers to La.dy Cheatle, was made by Miss Ada Banks

Bristol Centre 5.J.A.A.

SOME excellent work was done on July 23rd, by the sixt een teams who took part in the annual contest of the Bristol Centre of the St. John :Am bulance AS'bociation, at the Zoological Gardens, for three valuable trophies-th e Beavis Cup, Mrs: Squires' Cup (handicap), and the Novice Cup. All these prizes last year went to teams consisting of employes of tho Great Western Railw ay. Arrangements were well planned by the officers and committee-Dr. Bertram Rogers is chairman, Mr. E. A. O. Webb the hon. secretary, and Mr. Hawkins the hon treasurer-and were carried out excellently under the charge of the stewards-Messrs. G. T. Usher, Smith and A, Twiselton. The judges were :-Beavis Cup: Dr. H. Kyle and Dr.. L. Page; Squire Cup: Dr. W R. Reynolds; and NOVIce Cup: Dr. J. S Terry and Dr. J. J. S. Lucas.

The results of the contests were as follows: BeaVIS Cup.-Great Western No. I (cup, and medal to each member of the team), I; Broad Plain No. I, 2; Lysaght's, 3; Great Western No.2, 4; Totterdown No. I, 5·

Squire Cup.-Great Western NO.2 (cup, and mt dal to each member of the team), I Great Western No. I, 2; Totterdown No. I, 3; Broad Plain No. I, 4.

Novice Cup.-West Depot (cup and medal to eac [I member of the team), I; Broad Plain No. I, 2; Great Western NO.4, 3; Broad Plain No.2, 4; Great Western NO.3, 5; Redland No. I, 6 ; Redland No.2, 7·

At the conclusion of the contest Dr. Kyle presented the cups and medals to the winning teams.

Supt. Cotton was among the spectators.

August,

1921.

-FIRST North=Eastern Railway.

THE annual meeting of the North-Eastern Railway centre of the St. John Ambulance Association was held at Barnard Castle station on August 7th. Mr. F. Penty (York), presided, and there were also present Mr. W. Hollings (General Secretary), Mr. G. Jackson (Vice-Chairman) and the Secretaries and Delegates from the York, Darlington, Leeds, Middlesborough and Newcastle dlstncts.

Mr. Cooper, stationmaster at Barnard Castle who is an and efficient ambulance worker welcomed the CounCIl and spoke of the good work which had been done by ambulance men on the North-Eastern Railway.

The General Secretary, in his report, recorded that dunng year ended J 30th last fifty classes had been held. EIght held In the York district, namely at Cas.tleford, Mllford Junction, Malton, York (2), York • Police, and Moorthorpe. Nine classes were held in. the Hull .district, seven in the Darlington district, eleven III the Mlddlesborough district, and eleven in the Newcastle district. Examinations were held at Tweedmouth, Hull and Kirby Stephen, and the numbers who passed were: - <

Certificates 374, vouchers 9 2, medallions 48 and labtls 239, making a total. since I825 of certificates 9, 02 5, vou.chers 4,615, medallions 3,484, and labels 3,147. The aCCIdent reports/rom the districts were :-Darlington 5,9 28 Hull 2,<!35, Leeds I,57 2 Middlesborough 3,964, Newcastle .5,076, and York 4,631, a total of 23,305, and a total Slllce I 5 of 579,790. The session just ended had been a great Improvement on the last owing to the special effort made in the various districts, but there was plenty of scope, and he trusted that more new members would be enrolled. He thought this was only possible by the older bers encouraging the new ones and keeping in touch WIth the good work. The competitions were also an improvement so far as entries were concerned but the work could be much improved by more practice, and unless a. keener lllterest was taken in preparing for the competitIOns would be able to hold :their position with other raIlways and WIn the coveted National Shield. The Secretary thanked the management and the district secretarils for their kindly assistance at all times.

Important matters affecting the ambulanct. movement were discussed and numerous alterations were suggested and adopted.

The officers, &c., for the ensuing year were elected. Sir A. Kaye Butterworth, the General Manager was elected President and the heads of departments were cilOsen as vice-presidents. Mr. F. Penty was elected chairman Mr. G. Jlckson, vice-chairman, and Mr. W. Hollings: general secretary.

AID.fetters to the &ditor.

We are in no respt;nsibte tor tke opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Co r; espondents. -EDITOR, ETC.

HOME SERVICE

DEAR SIR,-

I .was very interested in your report in the July FIRST AIlJ Will agree that the hackwardness of the Divisions in taktng the control and upkeep of the motor ambulances was unfortunate and a opportunity of bringing the usefulness of trammg the public was neglected. .. In the majority of cases It has been the financial responsibIlity has prevented our officers undertaking the control and I t.O? much has been made of this Bogie. '

My DlvlsIon.al Headquarters are situated about three IT?Iles from N ott!ngham General Hospital and cater for five VIllages and any of serious accident or operation have to be remov:ed to for treatment, and during the war, when tram service was so irregular, it was felt that a speedy and mode of necessary and from the mVlted for the provision of trader, resulted tn a qUIck response and the trailer was tn 1917 and 1918 for that purpose and also in WIth the of wounded dealt with at Nottingham, belOg: run behlOd t.he motor car of one of my members, whose aSSIstance was mvaluable. The cases conveyed to N otbngham. were so numerous that when the Home Ambulance Committee decided to distribute the cars, an application was made for one to be allocated to this district and it has averaged about three cases per week since we received it many of them being so serious that any other mode of ance would have been quite unsuitable.

YVith regard to fi,nance. I wrote to the larger firms in the dIstnct, !o NatJ<;>n!l1 ynion of Railwaymen and to our l! rban Dlstnct Co.uncd mVltmg them to nominate a representatlv.e on our Committee this resulted in a strong committee bemg .formed. SubscnptlOn sheets were printed and each CommItteman was held responsible for the collection in his own place of .and a trifle over one hundred pounds was collected m a fortnIght. The ambulance is at the call of anyone, the only qualification being the necessity of an ambulance for the case, and no charge is made for its use but any contribution from patient or friends is accepted. Two' or more aI:?bulance D?en deal wi!h each and the difficulty mentIOned 10 your article respectmg the wmdmg staircases and narrow passages has been met by the provision of a Niel Robertson stretcher which we use in the more difficult cases. My men find the work very interesting and I have no difficulty in obtaining their services either night ur day and work done yeoman in retaining the mterest dunng the" after war fatIgue '" period.

I may point out that we have a "working class)) neighbourhood, and practically all the support we have had h as been from those why are not overburdened with this world's goods, but I do not anticipate the least difficulty in obtaining further support when necessity arises, as the ambulance service is now a District Institution and has thoroughly justified its existence.

Yours faithfully,

INDIA. -The second annual report of the Radiant Club Division, No 3 District Bombay Corps, shows that the Division has been well occupied during the year. Many public duties were undertaken at fairs and other occasions where vast concords of natives and others gather, and in such times the Division is a most useful asset. The present strength of the Division is 4I all effective.

A. W. LATll\JER, Dz'v. Supt.

AMBULANCE EXAMS ON STRICTER LINES. DEAR SIR,-

In your May number appeared an excellent letter by F. C. Reeve, Junr. I expected a shoal of replies to such a searching letter, and was surprised that only one of the many keen firstaiders troubled to reply (E.B.I. in June issue ).

-FIRST

As there are so many events crowded into our lives, many readers may have forgotten the efficiency. seeking letter by Mr. Reeve. The following is an extract, startlOg from lire 12 :-

" If a man is not capable of performing his duties, then he should not be permitted to h old the Assoc!ation's and especially to wear the uDiform of the Bngade. The publIc put the fullest confidence in the uniformed Brigade £!lan! and it is essential that every means should be used to maIO tam that confidence."

The whole of Mr. Reeve's letter is well worth reading once again.

How many Brigade men have (since the an exam. in their practical work? Many men a pnde m th.e neatness of their bandaging and the efiectlveness of quets and such things; when, ther.efore, exam. compnses only" questions)) they feel rather dlsappomted and are tempted to describe the exam. as " a farce."

My last exam. took 60 seconds (estimated ), therefore on 60 seconds once a year the public have to rely, as far as medical oversight is concerned (not having a divisional surgeon). Yet, as Mr. Reeves pointed out, the sight of a Brigade uniform is in the nature of a guarantee to the public correct St. John first-aid treatment is at their service and that the wearer has some experience in his work.

I well remember the first few months when, on the strength of a first aid certificate, I was let loose, fully uniformed, upon an unsuspect ing and confiding public. Admitted I had a first aid certificate stating that T. W. H. was "qualified," yet where was my practical experien c e to deal with actual cases?

N ow take the ex amin er 's side: Surgeons, however painstaking, cannot be expected to be supermen, amount brain fag must be enormous to conduct a large Bngade exam. 10 one Sunday afternoon. On" stricter lines," with question.s and bandaging, an exam: ,:,,<?uld average out at five or ten per man. Take a divIsIOn (sma ller than the one to which I belong ), say about 63 at five minutes each in five hours; qUite an Im possible time for a doctor to work continuously at top speed.

Would the followin g suggestions meet with the approval of first-aiders and meet the points raised by Mr. Reeve :-

I. First Aid certificates to bear the words "This certificate expires from date of issue."

2. Certificated pupils to wear badge or armlet until they qualify for medallion or 3 years' service star, when uniform may be worn. Such pupils where possible, carryon brigade work under tbe supervIsion of a umform member and such period of probation to count. for honours, as full Brigade Service.

3. Every exam. to include" practical" work. The examining surgl!on may, at his discretion, depute this section of ex am. to a responsible person or pers0l!s (of another Division) holding rank not below that of a supermtendent.-Yours, &c., T.W.H.

3lractical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad -/Joints in Treatment-jor inchtsion in this Column.

FIRST AID WITH RESOURCEFULNE SS

Not long ago an overhead electric wire snapped and fell among the passengers on the top deck of a tramway car Striking a man in the face, it caused a severe burn and a grave degree of shock with loss of consciousness. Du ring the panic which resulted from the accident a woman jum p ed from the car_

A First-Aider, realising the needs of the emergency, dashed up the steps; wrapped his hands in a dry woollen muffler, and threw the "live" wire over the side of the car. Next he placed the man in recumbent position, covered the burn with a clean handkerchief, and wrapped him up warmly with his overcoat. This done, he hastened to the woman who had jumped from the car, and found that she was suffering fro m a simple fracture of both bones of the leg. Instructing a friend to telephone for the ambUlance, he then controlled the bro ken bones with sticks and handkerchiefs improvised as splints and bandages, and had just completed his task when the ambulance arrived and removed both patients to infirmary. M. R., Cannon-street.

FIR ST AID WITH DI SCRIl\IINATION

Two women quarrelled in a London street. A crowd quickly collected and encouraged the disputants, who, soon tiring of words, began to fight. Sudc1enly one of the women s c reamed as if in great pain, and the onlookers stood appalled!

A First-Aider, who was passing, appreciated that something serious had happened and pushed his way through the gaping crowd. He found that one of the combatant was prone on the ground and that she was bleeding furiously from a severed carotid artery, tJ:le result of a slash with a pocket knife. His attempts at controlling the bleeding by instrumental means were ineffective_ So keeping up pressure with his thu mbs, one above and one below the wound, he called to a bystan der to summon the ambulance. "Vith great presence of min d he continued this pressure not only during transport in the a mbubut also in the room of the hospital-in fact, untIl he handed over hiS patient to the house surgeon. By his promptness and persistence, the First Aider saved his patie nt's life.-L. R., Charlton Park.

REWARDS OF FIR ST AID.

Au?:ust,

192 I. FIRST

ANOTHER N ARROW E SCAPE. The two" Narrow Escapes" detailed in the June issue rem ind me of another such escape. My brother ( who .was a he avy sleeper and snored loudly ) and I used to sleep 10 the same bedroom, though in separate beds. One night, suddenly, and with a strong sense o f danger, I sat up 10 bed and listened intently. To my surprise no sound came from my brother. Jumping up quickly, I lit my candle and dashed to my brother, who was lying, with his hce buried in a large, soft fe ath er pillow, and was apparently dead, as he had ceased to breathe.

I knew nothing in those days about artifiCial respiratIOn; but in a state of mad exciterr.ent I pulled him about wildly to and fro, and quite unconsciously .w hat I.no,:" know to be Marshall Hall's Method of artlfiClal respiratIOn, the while I called for help, Some three minutes later my brother be cr an to breathe shallowly; and the doctor, who arrived soon told us that my brother-a strong healthy fellow-had had' a narrow escape from death by suffocation.-M. B., Bris tol.

F IRST AID WITH RESOURCEFULNESS.

Recently I was called to a ne ig hbour who was said to have developed Epilepsy since his discharge from the I found his relations 10 a profound state of alarm; and wlth difficu lty I el icit ed the history of a similar attack, which had occurr ed four months previously and which had resulted in a series of fits lasting four days. The patient was also much alarmed and was holding his right hand in a curiousl y rigid and position. While I was standing by, the hand began to shake and quiver; anti the patient called out terror that the convulsions were about to spread all over hiS body His mental state was most pitiahle, a.nd I was to know how to act until remembered havtng heard that m some rare cases of Co nvulsive Ep il epsy a tight band round the finger had been known to stop the convulsions. With every appearance of co nfidence, therefore, I call ed for so.me broad tape and t ed this round pat ient s nght .w nst, telltng him that would soon check hiS fits. I then tightened the band of tape with a pencil as and insisted on keeping up pressure for ten mmutes. ThiS was done, and the attac k passed off at once. His doctor later on congratulated me on my resourceful action, and told my patien.t that he had for the future an effective means of controlllOg hiS fits.-B. A., Cam bridge

and J\nsweTs to eO'CTespondents.

;Juc rtes will be dealt with under tke jollowing rules:-

AI D.-

bleeding palm of hand differs markedly from that of the Textbook (p 96). Is this a new form of treatment, or should the hand be kept extended on a back splmt because the cut is lengthwise ?

Frankly, I consider that, even though the c ut be "deep and lengthwise," the Textbook method is not only more correct from the First Aid standpoint but also more effi ci ent in practice, sin ce the pressure of tbe finger tips on the pad will minimise any tenden cy of such a wound to gape. Further, in the test I find no indication (e.g., glass in wound ) for keeping the hand extended, more especialty as the card of instructions states definitely -" on openin g the hand, the blood spurts out in jets." If that be so, thenlwhy (Oh ! why) place the hand in the position which tends to promote arterial bleeding?N. C. F.

USE S OF PARAFFIN.

D. D. (Wick) asks if" Paraffin Oil" may be giv en as ta demulcent in cases of Corros iv e Poisoning by reason of its " bland " character.

Do not muddle medicinal Paraffi n wi th commercial "Paraffin Oil" which is otherwise known as "Kerosene." Both are mineral oils obtained by distillation from petroleum. The former is specially prepared for internal administration, whereas the latter, if taken int ern ally, may produce signs and symptoms of I rritant PoisoIl:ing. •

Mineral OIls are" unsuitable" (s ee rextbook p. ISS, par. 4) for the purpose suggested, because they differ from animal and vegetable oils in that they are less easi ly absorbed are less viscid, i.e., cling to surfaces of contact less freely. Smce, however Paraffin floats on water and leaves a gr eas y mark on paper. I should be dispo.sed to use it in C:orrosive Pois.o ning provided always that anImal or vegetable Oil was not avatlable, since the modern Paraffin lacks many of the disadvantages l e g., irritant properties ) of "ordinary paraffin" (p. 155·N.C.F.

METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

W. M. ( Llwyn ypia).-W e have a Divisional Golden Rule" T/Vhen in doubt, ask Dr. Corbet So pleas e tell us how we should restore the breathmg of a man rescued after immersion in a canal and suffering also from a fractured spine Providing that Laborde's Method fails, should we attempt Silvester?

Speaking at th e annual mee ting of the L0ndon Federation of Infant Welfare Centres, at the Mansion House recently, Sir Alfred Mond said he knew of no movement which had produced more immediate valuable results for relatively so small an expenditure as those centres. What e ver economies they had to make-and unfortunately they live d in an age of economy-he hoped that the last direction in which they would economise would be that very important branch of their work. The only true economists in the world were women, and he looked to them for guidence from their practical experience as to the extent to which it was possibte to achieve more in that movement without an increase in expenditure.

Two women on a hot summer's day were seated on a bridge which spanned a swiftly river. .One of them, be ing overcome by the heat, fainted and fell IOto the river. Her companion, as so0l! as she saw what had happened, fain ted from shock and eXCitement and also fell into the water.

Two men on the river bank dashed into the river and pulled one woman into safety. Meanwhile the other wo man was drifting rapidly into mi?-stream and was soon bey ond reach of help. The men, neither of whom could swim were puzzled how to act until one of them spied a coil ot'rope. Seeing this and calling his friend to join him, the man rushed down the river bank some two or three hundred yards. He, then, tied one end of the rope round his waist and told his friend to hold on to the other end, while he waded into the river, and, seizing the unconscious woman. towed her to the river bank. Both women quickly recovered from the effe ct s of their immersion and presented their rescuers with sixpen ce ea ch! -I3. C. H., Ley ton.

T.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner 0/ tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT Am, 46 Cannott-street, London, E. C 4·

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by.a " Query Coufon" cut fro1l the current issue oj tke Journal, or tn case of Quertes from abroa( from a recent tssue.

? _ The Textbook, to which rejerence may be made in thes.e coizt!nnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition of 5.J-A_A- Manual of FZ1'St-Azd.

OFFICIAL EYE SOLUTION S.

1. D. (Scotland).- What are the constituents of the eye solutions mentioned in Textbook, p. 6. These eye solutions are .under Factory Orders. No. I is an alkaltne lotIOn contalpmg blc.arbonate of soda; NO.2 is a soothing eye wash, of which cocame is the active ingredient.-N. COR BET FLETCHER.

TREATMENT OF BLEEDING PALM_

1. D. June of AID (p. 196 ) there is detailed an IOdlvldual test !O which the treatment of a

Tut! Tut Why this salvo of flattery from a Welshman to an Anglo-Scot!! in dealing with your 3uer y, my first thought is- W/zat's tlte szte of t.he spme? My next thought is-With an unconscIous asphYXiated patlen.t, lzow wottld yott recoRnise such a fracture? My last thought IS that, given such a c ase such a patient for w.hom human help is likely to avatl so httle-.Would you not be dzsposed sciouslyor unconscIOusly ) to risk all anddo your best .for hill by selecting a really ejficzent mellzod of artifiCial In other words, why bother WIth Laborde. or Stlvester when Schaefer offers less risk to the fractured splOe and better hopes of restoring the patient ?-N.

C. F.

COMPOUND, COl\IPLIC ATED FRACTURE OF THI GH

G. R. G. (B ath ).-Wi th a C0I!1plicated Fracture of Thigh-the complication belDg teanng of femoral artery below middle of shaft of you approve of immediate digital compreSSIOn at grom, by . to.urniquet placed well above fracture and with the tWIStlllg device over tlze outer spltnt P \ Ve have .b een to place the twisting device on top of the tlllgh J but It does not seem to work evenly and tends to pull the pad off the artery. Please advise.

Which is the more serious injury - the or the t<;)[n t ? Surely the latter. If so, then treat It first accordmg ar ery - d . " to Textbook instructions, and arrange your eVlce on the side opposite" (p. 81 par. b ) to pad. By thiS alone can you ensure efficient control of the artery_ ThiS done, treat the fractured femur and arrange the outer splmt so that there

-FIRST

is free access to twisting stick, which, as fig. 52 clearly shows, should be placed behind rather than at side of thigh.-N.C. F.

STRYCHNINE POISONING.

W. M. (L1wynypia).- 'Vhich method of Artificial .Respiration should we use in cases of Strychnine Poisoning wlzz'le the body is arched and z[ Laborde fails to restore the patient. You surprise me! The Textbook nrJw clearly tells you that in Strychnine Poisoning the body is only arched "during" convulsions. From this you should gather that there are two stages- first a stage 'wz'th convulsions, and then a stage without convulsions. Further, you should realise that artificial respiration can only be carried out in the second stage, when all the muscles are relaxed owing to collapse. In view of this fact, Schaefer's Method is the method of choice if artificial respiration is indicated in any given case. Laborde, as the Textbook teaches (p. 140), is only to be tried "when from any cause Schaefer or Silvester can not be carried out."- N.C.F.

FIRST Am WITH EFFICIRNCY.

W. E. B. (Doncaster).-At some sports recently I had to treat an old man who had been knocked down by a horse. He was in a state of profound shock, his left collarbone being broken and his right forearm badly lacerated. He also complained of great pain below the heart.

The evening was fine and warm. So I covered him up with a blanket, supported the fracture, and dressed the wound with a dry field dressing. Next I despatched a telephone message to a doctor, who replied that he would come at once. Under these circumstances, leaving the patient where he lay, I abstained from further action except that I summoned a motor ambulance and sent a friend to the patient's home with a "discriminating ) message and "explicit; instructions as to the necessary preparations. I did not give anything by the mouth, as suspected an injury to the stomach. Had I done more, believe I should have been guilty of what you call " Meddlesome First Aid."

As the me severely for not bandaging up and removlDg my patient before the doctor's arrival, I would respectfully ask if in your opinion my treatment was good or bad. I should add that the doctor, on arrival attributed the pain in chest to severe bruising of ribs. ' Accept my hearty congratulations on "good work well done.'! You were absolutely correct in your actions, and'merit in that you resisted the interference of sympathetiC, yet Ignorant, bystanders. Moreover, further action on your part was, as you say, contrary to the Principles of First since doctor was on his way to your patient and, by hiS telephoDlc message, had actually taken charge of the case. I note that your patient is making a good recovery: and I know that, if I had been the patient, I should render very sincere thanks not only for what you did but also for what you d id l1fJt do. Prosit !-N C. F.

TREATlIIENT HEATSTROKE.

D. D. (Cannon-street).-First Aid Manuals often disclose inexplicable disagreements. Thus, the Textbook and the B.R.C.S. Manual treat Sunstroke and Heatstroke alike a?d forbid. alcohol. Warwick and Tunstall set out quite signs and symptoms-i.e., those of collapse-and glves thiS treat.ment(p. 159)-" Gives stimulants freely, and, If IS below normal, give patient a hot bath," Can you assist me?

Your statement of facts is not quite correct. The instrucapP.lies to Heatstroke only and appears for the first time lD Warwick and Tunstall s latest (r92o) edition. For

August, I921.

sunstroke the advice is still (in italics)-" give no stimulants. " So the disagreement is more remarkable than you thought especially as Sunstroke and Heatstroke differ only in the of the active cause and are due to the depressant effects of heat-natural or artificial-upon the Nervous System.

The only explanation I can offer is that in these conditions different Brain Centres may be primarily afftcted. Thus, they may show themselves in three forms'-(I) Syncope (heart centre) going on to Shock and Collapse; (2) Asphyxia (respi ratory and heart centres); and (3) High Fever (vaso-motor centre)-and the symptoms will vary with the form presented.

Consequent on these facts, the discrepancy reveals the vast difficulty of summansing a very wide subject for First A id purposes; and each authority sets out what are to him the most striking features of the conditions, which vary in the ir .well-known contributory causes, especially fatigue , diSSipatIOn, Ill-health, &c.

From the Firc:t Aid standpoint, however, I see no advan. tage in the hot bath and I consider that the advice of the Textbook to withhold stimulants is sound, especially as Warw ic k and Tunstall on p. 158, when dealing with treatment of sho ck tell us definitely to withhold alcoholic stimulants.-N.C. F.

F. W. ( Rochdale).-The Service Star should be wo rn about 8 inches from the bottom of c uff of tunic ; if more th an one star is worn they should each be I t inches apart.

Having been appointed Chairman of the Volunta ry Hospitals Commission, the Earl of Onslow has resign ed the presidency of the St. John Ambulance Associatio n, together with the chairmanship of the Joint Committee of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cro ss Society, the chairmanship ()f the General Lying-in Hospit al Lambeth, and the vice-presidency of Surrey Couo t; Hospital.

a e

A course of lectures to assist the students studyin g for Examinations of Woman Health Visitors and Chi ld Welfare workers has been arranged at the Royal Sanitar y Institute, to commence on Friday, September 23rd, at 6 a.m. Those desirous of attending these examination s must possess a nursing qualification before they can enter Full particulars can be obtained from the Secretary and Director-E. White Wallis, Esq., 90, Buckingham Palac eroad, London, S. W.

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EDITORIAL.

RECENT correspondence In this Ambula nce Journal on the important subject of Ex amin ations. Ambulance Examinations has caused a good deal of interest and some difference of opinion.

Fu rtber, we do not think that the average Brigade man would care to wear the uniform if he felt incompetent to render treatment; and we believe that "T. W. H.'s" experience of " being let loose on a confiding public fully uniformed, on the strength (If a First Aid certificate," is unique, because, when on public duty, Brigade recruits are accompanied by senior memo bers of Divisions, from whom they gain practical knowledge, while they become more self-reliant and more capable First Aiders. Indeed, we tbink that this fact dismisses as impractical "T. W. H.'s" suggestion that certificated pupils should wear a badge or armlet until, having qualified for medallion or three years' service star, they are allowed to wear uniform.

"FIRST AID" QUERY

The work of First Aid has a fascination for two groups of students, those whose passing fancy (and often mere cur iosity) is aroused and those in whom there is a strong des ire to become masters of their subject. The former are catered for through classes by the Association, the latt er by the Brigade. Tbe Association initiates and so metimes fosters individual interest in the work; but ofte n it turns out mem bers who from lack of practice ale not too well up in their methods and so leave much to be desired after a lapse of a few months. The Brigade, through its possibilities of regular meetings and practice, and through its annual scheme of re-examination, produces a superior class of ambulance workers. Like the Association , jt also has an official form based on definite principles for conducting its annual and compulsory re-examination, so that it possesses an ideal system of

One correspondent suggests that no doctor can ex· amine more than 12 candidates in an bour. His experience must be limited, btcause we know judges wbo, working systematically and arranging their tests among several candidates, can give easily and satisfactorily a full St. John examination to 25 per hour. Such men are experts; but most doctors are able to estimate the qualifications of candidates to render Efficient First Aid with one or two well-placed tests whereby-this being the crux of all examinations-extra tim e is available for attention to those who are on the border line of knowledge required and who, if they fail, are consoled by a "good" examination.

In conclusion, if an examination is "tbe proof' of Ambulance Efficiency, then the correspondent who advocate a " stricter II examination is right. As a fact, however, it is too often a matter of temperament and of education, so that the nervous or less well educated are unfairly handicapped, and, as has been stated, many others may abstain from fear of failure with its possible loss of respect among their friends. We agree that as far as Association examinations are concerned, it would be well to state a definite period at end of which the certficate expires, since this rule would eliminate all those who have not kept their knowledge up to date and might compel them to take the re-examination year by year.

-FIR.ST

All things considered, we favour moderately stiff examinations, faithfully conducted on the Association or Brigade lines, with special reference to the practical demonstration of individual methods, and backed by the invaluable experience available for Brigade members.

Priory for Wales.

AN Ambulance Day was held in the Rhondda on September loth, a large company gathering at Ferndale to witness the competition for the Si r Charles Warren, Peter Haig Thomas and Miskin Manor Shields.

A unique feature was the nurses competition for the Miskin Manor Shield, this being the first occasion upon which the women in the Rhondda divisions have been so encouraged. The shield is the gift of Mrs. Gwilym Williams, Miskin Manor, and it was won by the Tylorstown team, under Miss Bronwen Davies,

The adjudicators were Major F. T. Rees, M.C., Cardiff, Captain Dr. Rocyn Jones, county medical officer of Monmoutbshire j Dr. Ivor J. Davies, Cardiff Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, Cardiff, and Dr. R. Francis Thomas, Cwmaman. The awards were as follows :-

Miskin Manor Shield.-lst, Tylorstown Team (Miss Bronwen Davies) j 2nd, Mardy Team (Miss Eva R. C. Morris).

Peter Haig Thomas Shie ld.-Fe rndale No. 2 Company, Captain R. Francis.

The Sir Charles Warren Shield.-Ist, Ferndale NO·3 Company, Captain 03wald Morgan 2nd, Ferndale No. Company, Captain Cadwalader Davies 3rd, Tylorstown No. I Company, Captain D. G. Williams ; 4th; Tylorstown No.2 Company, Captain Walter Isaac Davies.

Many well-known ambulance leaders were included in the guests who were subsequently entertained to luncheon by Messrs. D. Davis & Sons (Ltd.). Mr. F. Llewellyn Jacob, J.P., general manager of Messrs. D. Davis & Sons, presided

In proposing the tOJ.st of "The Priory for Wales'"

Mr. Jaco b expressed pleasure at the presence of the Right Hon. Thomas Richards to present the shields to the successful companies.

Mr. Thomas Richards, in responding, said the ambulance workers were the good Samaritans of the medical profession. When working as a boy underground he had been shocked to see the pitiable plight of injured workmen, .miles away from the pit shaft, and the unnecessary suffermg caused. by the crude treatment they received at the hands of their comrades. Even on the pit-head he had a rope being used as a tourniquet with two big men strammg at each end. Such a revolting state of affairs aroused him to action. He chanced to come across the Handbook of the St. John Association, and soon afterwards a class was started.

The National Eisteddfod of Wales, he added was not the only institution to-day that could draw together men and women of all grades and classes. The Eisteddfod w?uld have to take second place to the Priory in Wales in thIS respect.

Mr. Herbert D. W. Lewis, O.B.E., who responded he hoped t? _see an division, fully equipped wlth every mamtamed at each colliery. During last year the Priory for Wales carried in ten of their ambulance cars about 3,8.00 cases, the cars covering a total distance of 80,000 mIles. In future they would require a great many more of these cars.

:The Grand :friory of the Order of the ,}(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Snglugd.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:T he St. John J\mbulanee Srig ade.

No. I Distri(;t COMMISSIONER:

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DISTRICT ORDERS'.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRA L. October, 1921.

Sunday, 2nd.-No. 84 Division, Twickenham.

" " "

9th.-No.85 " Borough of Ealing. 16th.-No 42 Barnet. 23rd. -No. 53 " Watford. 30th.-No. 72 " Barking.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John 's Gate at 2 p.m

ANNUAL RE-EXAMINATION.

I t is particularly requested that those Divisions whic h have not yet arranged for the re-examination of their mem bers should do so without further. dela'y! as additional strain is pu t upon the headquarters staff In writing up records owing to th e accumulation at the end of the Brigade year. Moreover the limited time at disposal involves a risk that those merr: bers who are unable to attend on tbe date fixed may lose their efficiency owing to the difficulty of arranging a subsequen t reSuperintendents. and in charge of DIVISIOns should at once report If any of theIr members failed to present themselves at the Divisional Examination, in order that they maybe given an opportunity of attending an emergency class before the end of the Brigade year, or endeavour to get in touch with any neighbouring Division which may be holding a re-examination, in order that such members may be included therein.

DUTY REPORTS.

I t is requested that Duty Reports be forwarde d to headquarters as soon after the performance of the dut y as possible, in order that the reports may be correctly kept.

COMPETITIONS.

It has been apparent in recent competitions held in th e District thal there is room for improvement in th e work generally, and It IS adVisable that Superintendents and members in charge of Divisions take steps to ensure tha t the general training of their members is brought up to the standard required.

N ow that the holidays are. practically over, it is sug, gested that a programme of winter arrangements sh ould be prepared as early as possible and carried out in a systematic manner, thereby ensuring that all members have an opportunity of practicing the various sections of th eir work.

It is more than ever necessary that the high standard o! efficiency which has been reached in the past, should be mai ntained in the future.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, C01'n11'lissio 1ter.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news' paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

No. 13 (King's Cross) Division.-Capt. Harold Sebr ig ht, elder son of Capt. P. J. Sebright, secretary:of the Division was

September, 1921. - FIR S

mar ried to Winifred Large on September 3rd. Capt. Harold Sebnght was a member of the Barnet D ' S J A B d 1 · d IVISlOn, " .an en Iste from the M. H. H. Reserve first day of the .lD .19 14 to the He afterwards gained a co ml!l1SSlOn the 17th Middlesex and fought in France and BelgIUm until he fell wounded and was captured by the Germans. He was released after the armistice

No. SN (NORWOOD) DI VlSION.-On August lIth a tablet to the memory of the late Lady Supt. was unveiled in the Ambulance Depot, Crystal Palace, by the Divisional Surgeon Dr. Swayne.

The was as follows :-" 1893-1920. In Memory of Violet Cole grave, Founder and Superintendent of th e Norwood Nursing Division."

Mrs. Colegrave was made a Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in and re cently made a member of the Order of the BritIsh EmpIre for her services during th e war

No. 3 District.

BIRl\IINGHAl\I.-A small week-end ca mp from Septemb yd to 5th by the officers of the Ho use Nu rslO g DIVISion and Section of the Birmingha m NurslOg Corps. By the courtesy of Dr. Lillias Hamilton \Va rden,' arra!1gements were made for the members at \Y0men s Agricultural Cullege, Studley. Owing to the short tlm.e members accommodated in the College, tak mg meals lD the hall With the staff and students who number between 80 and 90.

A programme, including a lecture on Camping, given by was drawn up and some useful work done. Miss BIg gs was m of the campers, assisted by Miss Bowyer, eac h member takmg a spell of duty either as Q.M. or Orderly.

During the. the farm, dairy, garden and greenhou ses were VISIted, and the work explained; everything pOS SIble was done for the comfort and enjoyment of the me mbers.

The venture was most successful, and it is hoped next yea r to arrange for actual camping on a much larger scale.

CHESTER.-The Duchec;s of \i\Testminster made her first app ear::lOce. at .a function in Chester on August 17th, at a prIZe held at the Chester Town Hall, in connec tion With the City of Chester Nursing Division of the St Jo hn Ambulance Brigade.

Dr. Russell, Divis ional Supt. and Medical Officer of DIVISion, who presided, informed the meeting that the of her Grace as the first president of the Chester DI VISion had been by the Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Bngade The appointment of Lady Art hur Grosvenor, who was also present, and Mrs. E. Peter Jon es, who was unaVOidably absent, as vice-presidents had als o been approved.

No 4 District.

BACuP.-On August 20th a cricket match was played beof Bacup Nursing Divisiou and Ambulance whIch resulted in an easy victory for the ambulance sis ters.

The men handicapped by having to me bats cut d?w n to SIZe and fielded only with the left hand. The gir ls were lD .excellent form, having had practise matches cov ering a penod of 10 weeks. day was beautifully fine and a large number of spectator s witnessed the game. After the match the teams were to tea at headquarters by officers of the Brigade and a few fnends. The proceeds amounting to £7 are to be devoted to Divisional Funds.' ,

LE1<?ESTER. -N early 300 members of the Leicester Corps were reVIewed in the Victoria Park on September 10th. The

was made by the Rev. W. Dore Rudgard M A of the District, and was accompanied by M/ (;' i/' :alre, D.L., J P , Assistant Commissioner Mr' J'd' rown, Dlstnct Officer and Assistant County Director' an Dr. B. V. Dunn, County Surgeon. '

Ambulan ce Division was in charge of Corps Supt J L. KIDg, and the Nursing Division in charg' e of Miss 'M' Musson.

I The inspectior;t over, some interesting exhibitions of ambuance work, first aid, and nursing were held, and the manner In which the was go t through emphas ised the hi gh degree of profiCIency which the corps has attained.

A?dresstng both contingents, the Rev. Rudgard spoke very highly of the diligence of the corps, and the business-like and capable manner in which they went about their work

No. Q District.

very successful field day wa s held on August 13th In the beautiful part at Mount Edgcumbe. A large. muster of ambulan ce men and nurses, under Corps Supt, Hitchcock and Lady Corps Officer Miss Dumble, alsoa contingent B.R.C.S. nurses under Mrs. Wilmot, C.B.E., As st. Coun ty D.lrector, assembled at Cremyll and marched to a rendezvous In the Deer Park. Here a dressing station was set up and all cases after first aid were transported by the bearers to the base for the nurses further instruction.

Corps Surgeon Capt. H. F. Vellacott, M.C., F.R.C.S., had prepared a programme of work and the Dlvlsl.ons had to exercise skill and ingenuity In treating and transporting.

One c,ase was a supposed aeroplane smash; one patient was hung 10 the of a tree, the men having to climb ul? and render first aId and then lower to ground by ropes and slings.

After an enjoyable tea the party again assembled at the rendezvous, and amid realistic surroundings a char-a-banc upset was enacted. patients were placed some distance and labelled The then received an:emergency call and had to gather their men and nurses and orgaOlse their squads and proceed to the scene of the accident. The nursing officers chose a spot for a dressing .st.ation, and squads of as well as men attended to the inJured _ The dressing statl<;m was then evacuated, and all patients taken to hospital.

Amongst those present were Assistant Commissioner for Devon, H. V. Miller, Esq ., and his staff, District Officers T. Pengelly P erkin s, who expressed the ir pleasure at the manner III whi c h the work was carried out. of time was spent in drill, and all felt the benefit of the IOstructlOn conditions more resembling the real thing than can be obtained in the classroom.

No. 10 District.

_ EXETER. -Below we publish a letter appearing in the Exeter E xpress for August 23r d -an appreciation of first aid well rendered :-

SIR,-I should be pleased if you would allow me the of publicly expressing my thanks and appreCiation to the Exeter branch of the St. John Ambulance.

We were concerned in the unfortunate motor accident at Halberton on July 30th when on our way to Torquay. When we eventually reached the Ambulance Station we were received by Sergt. Arnold and Pte. Taylor, who displayed much ability in dressing our num<:rous wounds. We found ourselves as strangers in a locality unknown to us, but through the kindness of these two ge,ntlemen we were J:>laced in the train for Torquay and relIeved of further anxiety regarding our motor, which they arranged to have brought to Exeter and placed under repair.

Yours faithfully, D. A. L. & A. MEAD. KingTs Heath, Birmingham. August 22nd, 1921.

-FIRiT

AID.-

September, 1921.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

We are pleased to be able to send for publication this month the following letter of appreciation 'from the Royal Dublin Society :Royal Dublin Society, Leinster House, Dublm. August 17th, 192 1.

DEAR SIR JOHN LUMSDEN,-

I am directed by the Horse Show C;ommlttee to thank you and the St. John Dn gade .ror the very efficient services rendered m connection With the late Horse Show. The promptness with the cases, both of accidents and sickness, were dealt With was referred to with appreciatic;>D at the m.eeting of the Horse Show Committee held dUring the peflod of the Show. .

I hope you will take the opportunity of expressmg to Mrs. Shanks, Corps Supt. MacWilliam and the members of the Brigade who did duty in the Show yard, the Society's sincere thanks for the valuable servlce.s they rendered, which assis.ted in no small degree m makmg the Show a remarkable success.

I am, yours obediently, (Signed) EDWARD BOHANE, Agricultural Supt.

gave the greatest assistance during the entire week with th e catering.

The station was visited by many of the CounCil and AO'ricultural Committee of the Show. Corps Superintende nts

J. MacWilliam and Mrs. Shanks are to be heartily gratulated on the admirable arrangements made to meet with all emergencies.

We much regcet to receive dnriI?g the past the resignations of two. of our Lady Supenntende n.ts, Miss Moubray City of Dubl1l1 DIVISIOn, one of the Semor Lady Ambulan'ce Officers of the Distr;ct, and Wh i.tehead, Lady Superintendent North County Dubhn Nur smg Division.

Miss Moubray has resigned ovving to ill·health, and having regard to her splendid work f?r the in all bran.ches of its activities since 1913, she will be a big loss, and Will be greatly missed by her many friends an? c('llieagues.

Miss Whitehead who had been III charge of North Co. Dublin Division since its inception was married last mont h to Mr. Thomas McKay, Church-avenue, Drumcondra, and in sending her our best wishes and we wo uld like to place on record our deep appreCiation of wor k for the Brigade, of her loyalty, and of the splendid way sh e responded to every appeal made to her.

•

The League of Mercy.

THE League of Mercy which exists for the purpose of collecting funds for the upkee p of hospitals has just issued its annual rep ort.

During 1920 the League handed over no les s than £16,000 to the King Edward Hospital Fund, its contributions making a total of '£309,000 since the League commenced its beneficent work in 1899. In addition, the sum of '£4,500 was awarded in grant s to hospitals outc;ide the Metropolis; and the total amount distributed to hospitals now amounts to '£346,395.

Readers of FIRST AID will be intereste d to know that the Wanderers Branch of the League -which was founded in p9I7 by Col. R. J. Blackham, C.B , and which includes in It s membership many First Aidus-is still £loU Tlshing and that in 1920 it established its re cord and collected over £200.

TilE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

AUGUST, 1921.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following app ointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 13 (King's Cross) Division.-Supt. George Cooper tran sferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31.8.2 I

No. 73 (Grays) Division.-Divisional Surgeon S. Floyd resig ned, 15.8.21

Lancelot George Jacob to be Divisional Surgeon, 1.7.21

No, IS ( East Ham) Division.-Supt. W. Goodley transferr ed from March Division, No. 10 District, as supernumerary to establishment, 22.6.21

NO. 3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Harborne Nursing Division). -A mbulance Sister Berat Orton to be Nursing Officer, 59. 2 1 Tamworth Dlvlslon.-Sergt. Wilham Henry Chandler to he A mbulance Officer, 9.9.21

NO. 4 DISTRICT.

Bolton Corps (Victoria Hall Nursing Division).-Sophia

Allred to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.8.21

Bolton Corps (Victoria Hall Division ).- Staff Sergt. Ern est Heap to be Ambulance Officer, 19.8.21

Tyldesley Division.-Staff Sergt. Peter Grundy to Div isional Supt., 19.8.21

Macclesfield Division.-Divisional Supt. A. Snape transferr ed to the Brigade Reserve, 9.7.2 I Birkenhead Corps.-Corps Supt. G. Carter resigned, I 9. 21

o. 5 DISTRICT.

Their Excellencies The Lord Lieutenant and Lady FitzAlan of Derwent with the Commissioner (Sir John Lumsden) and Officers at the First Aid Station Dublin Horse Show, August, 192 I.

During the week the Ambulance Station was visited by Their Excellencies the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Lady Fitzalan of Derwent. They were received on their arrival by the Commission (Sir John Lumsden ), Lord Chief Justice Malony, P.C., President of the City of Dublin Corps, Corps Supt. A. J. MacWilliam, and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks. Their Excellencies took the greatest interest in the arrangements for dealing with accidents, and having carefully inspected the station, they congratulated the Commissioner and his officers on their organisation.

Amongst the superintendents and officers who took ambulance duty during the week with the members of the Divisions were :-

Supts. J. B. Smurthwaite, F. J. Horne, W. Paget Haffield, M.B.E., and J. L. Keogh, with Lady District Officer Miss Overend, Lady Corps Supts. Mrs. W. H. Robinson and Mrs. Reg. H. Keatinge, Lady Supts. Miss Moore and Miss Nugent Nursing- Officers Miss V. Moore, Mrs. G. Rowlette and Miss E. Boyle while Lady Supt. Mrs, Chas. l{eatinge

efforts on Hospitals."

The Grand President of the Leagu eH.R.H. the Prince of Wales-in his mtss ag e to the workers of the League of Mercy, ur ge d them, in view of the vindication of the Vo luntary Hospital System by Lord Cave's C om mittee's Report, to "renew and redouble their behalf of the and the Volun tary

Under these circumstances ambulance enthusi asts, to whom the voluntary system means so much, are inv ite d to take a share in forwarding the welfare of the Wande rer's Branch and to send their subscriptions for the curr e nt year to 'Corbet Fletcher, Esq., c/o the Editor of FIRST AID, who has kindly consented to forward all communicat ions or applications for membership.

In Faith and Hop e the world will disagree But all mankind's concern is Clzart·ty.- POPE.

The British Red Cross Society states that Dr. Nans en' s proposals for the relief of the famine in Russia have b ee n approved by the Join.t Council of the Red Cross at Geneva.

Corps Officer George Seye.r!1 to be Officer for the So uth Eastern Area, West Rldmg of Yorkshire, 20·7·21 North Staffs. Railway Corps (Caldon Low Division).Cu thbert Chalmers Brown to be Divisional Supt., 30 8 21 North Staffs. Railway Corps (Longport Division).-Sergt. Tim othy Clewlow to be Ambulance Officer, Denaby Main Corps (Conisborough Nursmg

Am bulance Sister Mary Troughton to be Lady DIVISional Su pt., 24.8.2 I Settle Division.-Ambulance Officer Alfred Richard Bilton to be Divisional Supt., 23.7.21, vice Supt. E. Morphet resigned, 11. 12.20

Welbeck Colliery Division. - Amblliance Officer Lawrence

Sm ales to be Divisional Supt., 11.7.21, vice Supt. E. Muschamp resigned, October, 1920

Sergt. Orlanda Boyce to be Ambulan:e Officer, 28.7. 21 Keighley Corps C' B" Division}.-Divisional Supt. T.

N oble resigned, 9.8.21 ., Biddulph and District Corps (Blddulph DIVISIOO).-DIVl-

si onal Supt. A. Jukes resigned, 30.8.21 .

Glusburn Nursing Division.-Lady DIVISIOnal Supt.

F lorence Ashbee resigned, 188.21 .

Dewsbury and District Corps (Ravensthorpe

Di vision) -Ambulance Sister Minnie Tolson to be Lady DIVI-

si onal Supt., 4-4.2 I

Shirebrook Division.-Sergt. Francis Robinson to be Ambulance Officer, 5.8.21 "-

Leeds Corps (Hunslet and Holbeck Division ).-Sergt. Walter Holdsworth to be Ambulance Officer, Leeds Corps (Armley and vVortley Division ).-The R ev. Henry St. J oho Stirling Woollcombe to be Honorary President, 29.8.21

Bradford Corps -Divisional Surgeon W. MacLaren MacIlraith, M.R.C.S., etc., to be Corps Surgeon, 29.8.21

Divisional Supt. John Henry Wilkinson to be Corps Officer, 29.8.21

Ambulance Officer George Edwin Bennett to be Corps Officer, 30.8.2I

Barnoldswick Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt, M iss Margaret Jackson resigned, 11. 1.2

Nottingham Corps.-Corps Supt. C. Coutts Wood resigned, 7.7.21

Denaby Main Corps (Wath-on-Dearn e DlvlslOn ).-Ambulance Officer E. Melly resigned, 25.7.21

Sowerby Bridge Divls ion.-S ergt. Ernest Iredale to be Ambulance OffIcer, 10.8.2

Bradford City Division.-Sergt. Fred Hanson to be Ambulance Officer, 28.7. 2 1

Sheffield Corps (" A" Division ).- Ambulance Officer

Charles Herbert Forster to be Divisional Supt., 30 7. 21

Sheffield Corps ( " B" Division ).-Ambulance Officer

Charles Herbert Fox to be Divisional Supt., 30 .7. 21

Sheffield Corps (" C" Division).-Ambulance Officer

William Arthur Browne to be Divisional Supt., 30 .7. 21

Pontefract and District Corps.-Divisional Supt. Charles Hornby to be Corps Officer, 2,.7.21

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Ashington Coal Company Corps.-Corps Officer Albert

Edward Holliday to be Corps Supt., 12.8.21

Mid Durham Corps.-Staff Sergt. William to be Corps Sergeant-Major, 18.8.21

North Durham Corps.-Ambulance Officer J. Hardy to be Corps Officer, 14 6.21

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (W estern. Nursing

Lady Ambulance Officers Miss May Palhster .and MISS Mary Campbell resigned, J9.1.21 and 29 8.21 respectively.

Hull Corps ( N E.R. Nursing Division ).-Lady Supt. MISS

E. M. Grove resigned, 21.6.21

Officer Mrs. A. Pattinson resigned, 12.7. 21

Hull Corps ( Eastern Division).-Sergt. Arthur Thurloe to be Divisional Supt., 12.8.21

Scarborough Nursing Division.-Ambulance Slster Helen Robinson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 6.9. 21

No.8 DISTRICT.

Lady Divisional Supt. Miss Alice Garrod Ma yhew to be Lady District !or Sussex,. 7.5. 21

Maidstone DlvlslOn. ·-Wllham Blgg to be Ambulance Officer, I I.8.21 M h

Brighton and Hove Corps.-Corpl. Thomas Emery ars to be Corps Sergt-Major, II.8.21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps (Devonport Central Division )

--Thomas McElwaine, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.F.P.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.6.21 ., Percival Fredenck Davies to be DIVISional SuPt.,7.6.-1

George John Furzeman to be Ambulance Officer, 7. 6 21

_ FIRST AID &: THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - September, 1921.

No. 10 DI ST RICT.

Colonel R. J. B lackham, C.B., C. M.G., etc., transferred tu No. 12 District, 16.8.21

Cambridge G.E .R. Division.-Supt. A. L. Munden reverts to the rank of Sergeant at own request, 6.9.21

March G E.R. Division.-Supt. W. Goodley transferred to No. 15 (East Ham) Division , NO.1 District, 22.6.21

Ipswich Corps (G.E.R. Division) -Divisional Supt. W. Fisher transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 26.8.2l

No. 12 DI STRICT.

Assistant Commissioner Colonel R. J. Blackham, C.B., C.M.G., e.c., transferred from No. 10 District, 16.8.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Willesborough Division.-Sergt. Percy J. Jackson to be Am bulance Officer, 26.8.21

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : NO.3 DISTRICT.

Leicester (V ictoria Road Institute ) Nursing Division.Disbanded, 6.9.21

Ackworth Division, Pontefract Corps, re-named He msworth Colliery and District Division.-3 I.8.2I

DEATHS.

Divisional Supt. R. Masser, Tottington Division. -S ep. tember, 1921

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissione r.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING August 41 V.A.D. Nursing Members were pos ted to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals.

Applications by ex-Service women for free pass ag es in connection with the Society for the Overseas Settlem ent of British Women number 1,183.

It is with very deep regret that we have to annou nce St. Helena's, Folkesto:ce, Holiday Hotel for Nurses and V.A.D. Members.

September, 19 21 - FIRST

ment, sparing no pains to help, encourage and keep in t'ouch with them wherever they were serving.

We are able to publish two engravings of St. Helena's, 24 & 26, Earl's-avenue, Folkestone, which will be opened towa rds the end of October as a Holiday Hotel for exSer vice Nurses and V.A.D. members. There will be acco mmodation for some 30 guests and the prices will be extremely moderate. We hope to give further deta ils with regard to the dat e of opening the Home in our next issue.

3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to ,£{ood and bad tJoints in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column.

FIRST AID WITH PERSEVERANCE.

One frosty night I saw a gentleman in evening dress come Ollt of a suburban theatre, slip on some ice and fall on the

AID.-

39

followed my patient to the station where I made my report and had the error quickly rectified.-F. G., Ramsgate.

FIRST AID WITH RESO URCEF ULNESS.

Late one even ing a middle-aged woman, while cbatting at her front door with a neighbour, complained of feeling ill and said that she should retire to bed. Immediately after wards the neighbour heard the noise as of a fall. She rushed into the house and found her friend hanging head downwards in the cellar and suspended by her clothes, which had become caug ht on the top of a small ladder on the cellar stai rs. Her attempts to pull the patient up failed until she called some other neighbours, myself amongst them.

After several attempts we found that the only way to rescue the patient was bY,raising iher bodily on the ladder, a task which we accomplished with great difficulty When rescued the patient was unconscious, blue in the face, and had ceased to breathe Suspecting a foreign body in the throat, we prised open the patient' s mouth, found and removed an artificial denture This done, we commenced artificial respirat ion on the spot by Schaefer's Method and after forty minutes strenuous efforts were rewarded by success.-B. A., Cambridge.

A small number of copies of "The White Cross of

St. Helena s, Folkestone, Holiday Hotel (another view ).

NO.4 DI ST RICT.

Westwood Divi si on, Oldham Corps.-Re-namecl "Chadderton " Division.-I3.9 .2 1

No. 5 DI STR ICT.

New Hucknall Colliery Division.-Sanctioned, 5.8.21

Thurcroft Colliery Division. -S anctioned, J8.8.2 1

Langwith Colliery Division.-Sanctioned, 292 1

Tickhill Division.-Disbanded, 6.9.21

Bawtry Division.-Disbanded, 69 .21

Bradford City Division, Bradford City Nursing Division, Manningham Ambulance and Nursing Divisions to form part of the Bradford Corps.-6.9.2 1

the death of the Hon. Mrs. Gilbert Vane, Commandant of late Cornwall Reserve V.A.D. Detachment. From t he outbreak of the War Mrs. Vane was an ardent worker fo r the cause of the Red Cross. In r 9 I 5 she hel ped to rai se V.A. D. Cornwall 68 of which she was appointed Quart ermaster and subs e quently took command when the Co m· mandant was called up for active service. When the R eserv e Detachments were instituted she was selected for t he command of the Cornwall V.A. Detachment. In th at difficult position her activity, thoroughness and wise jud gment won the admiration of all her fellow workers. Sh e took the keenest interest in the members of her detac h·

gr ound. Hastening to his help, I him only par_tially rO l1scious and suffering from. a nasty inCIsed y.round of the . from which blood was es capmg freely. WhIle I was rendertng firs t aid, a police sergeant and a constable came up, told me that my patient was drunk, and that they dId not want any interference from me and that they would remove him II at once " to the station.

" bl In spite of the Textbook warning (p. 20) about POSS] e So urce of danger" toward myself, I cO.ntinued my- efforts and act ually dressed the wound while my p8:tlent was betng marched off, supported on either si?e by a poltce officer. I happened to know the Police Supenntendent ; and, needless add, I

St. John" (13th edition), by Col. R J. are in hand and can be supplied to members of the Brrgade at the special price of 25. '6 d post free, from th e offices of FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, E.C.4· '31 1 E

The Chief Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association would be glad to re ceive, for the benefit of enquirers full particulars of classes which are being organ · ised in London Postal district during the autumn and winter for examination by the Association for its certificates and other awards.

ONE hundred of the most proficient mining first aid and mine rescue teams, representing virtually every mining district in the United States, and several mining regions of Canada and Mexico, participated in the sixth annual international first aid and mine rescue meeting held at St. Louis this month. The contest is h eld yearly under the auspices of the United States Bureau of Mines in co-operation with the American Red Cross, United Mine Workers, and Coal Operators' Associations, and the incre asing interest in rendering this hazardous..industry safe is reflected in the large number of teams entered. The representatives of the foreign Governments are particularly interested in that part of the programme that will bring together leaders of the industry in America· to consider the possibility of standardisation and improvement of mine rescue methods. * * 4-

Dr. E. R. Hunter, of the American Red Cross First

A I D.--- September, t9zt

Aid Service, who served as chief judge at the De nver contest last year, will act in a similar capacity at St. Lo uis. In addition to the prizes awarded by the National Sa fety Council and other groups, the American Red Cross will present medals to the most proficient teams.

***

The Percy Main Ambulance Division rendered most valuable assistance at a serious tramway disaster which occurred at South Shields last month. Within a li ttle more than five minutes of the time when a teleph one message was sent from the scene of the ac6dent to the Brigade Headquarters, asking for their help, the Percy Main Ambulance men with their motor ambulance wer e at work upon the scene of the accident. If they had all been assembled anticipating the call and had had everyth ing in readiness they could not have obeyed the summons wi t h greater celerity. Such useful work as this reflects cr edit on their training as well as organisation.

***

We have received from the No. 12 District an arti stlc Calendar for 1922, designed by Ambulance Officer Mrs. Rowlette. This is in black and white and is surmoun ted with the eight pointed cross and down each side are shie ld s, the designs on which shown some of the work tha t is being done by the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Cop ies can be obtained from the Secretary No. 12 District, 40, Merrion-square, Dublin, price 2S. 9d., post free.

***

We regret to announce the death of Lieut.-Gen eral Sir David Henderson, which has occurred at Geneva, wh ere he was serving as Director·General of the League of R ed Cross Societies. Sir David had a distinguished milit ary career, but will be best remembered for the work in CO llnection with military aeronautics. When the Great W ar broke out he wac; at the head of the Royal Flying Co rps and for the greater part of the campaign he carried out th e arduous duties involved with credit to himself and to the great Service of which he was so distinquished a membe r.

* **

With a view to preserving the voluntary hospi tal system, and, to helping people with small incomes, t he National Provid ent Scheme for Hospital and Additio n<tl Medical Services, has been launched and will come in to op eration on Novemb er 1st, and will afford its members, without charge beyond their subscriptions, facilities for consultations between their medical attendants and hospi tal consultants, dental services (treatment in hospital and co nsultations), the resources of pathological laboratori es, X-ray examinations, massage, electrical treatment, hospi tal treatment, including operations, radium treatment, and t he services of ambulances.

***

The City of Gloucester and Wagon Works Divisi on held the 4th annual church parade on Sept. lIth . There was a good muster of over 80 men. The City Divisi on was in charge of Division 8upt. J. Smith and First Offic er G. Ja ckson; Divis-ion Supt. W. Palmer led the Wag on Works Division; and Commandant Watts the Red Cro ss detachment.

September,

1921.

-PtllS1' Free Training for Nurses in R.eceipt of a Disability Pension under the R.oyal Warrant.

THE Secretary of the Ministry of Labour announces the clo sing date for the receipt of applications for training in som e occupation other than nursing from Nurses in receipt of a Disability Pension, who by reason of any disablement due to war service are unable to return to their pre-war occupation.

Applications for consideration under the SchemE., which allows for the payment of training fees and maint t;nan ce allowance in addition to pension, must reach the Co ntroller, Women's Training Branch, Ministry of Labour, S t. Ermin's, Caxton-street, London, S. W. I., on or before Oct ober 31st, 1921, except that:-

(:r) Nurses who may be demo bilised after that date may apply within three months of the date of demobilisation.

(2) Nurses who on that date are in attendance either at a Convalescent Centre of the Ministry of Pensions or as in-patients at a hospital of the War Office or Ministry of Pensions, may apply within three month!; of discharge from the Centre or Hospital.

t. John J\mbulance J\ssociation.

SOWERBY CENTRE.

TH E annual meeting of the Sowerby Bridge Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association was held on August 28th, M r. J. Selwyn Rawson, J.P., being chairman.

Mr. A. R. Bateson, secretary, in presenting the report an d financial statement reviewed the past year's work and th e classes held during the winter. A total of 7 males and 8 females presented themselves for examination for certifica tes, 3 for medallions and 4 for labels The whole of the ca ndidates passed the efficiency test, which brings the total of successes in Sowerby Bridge since the Centre was opened to 1,158 for first aid and 530 for sick nursing. During the year, the Ambulance carnage had been brought into use on 29 occasions. The whole of the members of the Br igade were now fully equipped with uniforms, about £40 h avmg been spent last year upon clothing and equipment. A t the end of the year the balance in bank and in hand was just over £94.

The report and balance sheet were adopted, the C hairman remarking that the position was very satisfactory. T here was no doubt that the AssociatIon was an asset tc th e district, and tht members in various spheres were doing useful service.

Officers elected for the coming year werE: Messrs. J. Se lwyn Rawson, J.P., president; W. Tolley, A. Whitaker, D r. Adams, and Dr. Duguid, vice-president; A. R. Bateso n, secretary; F. W. Holden, assistant secretary ; F. W. C rowther, treasurer; A. Whitaker, Divisional Superintende nt; Mrs. St0ckton, Lady Superintendent.

BIRMIN GHAM CENTRE.

The 40th annual report of the Birmingham Centre of th e 8t. John Ambulance Association states that owing to th e general lull after the strenuous work in c€>nnection with

the war, the number of classes has fallen b e.luw the pI e-war standard. During the year 3 I classes have been held17 first aid and 1 home nursing. Women: 9 first aId and 4 home nursing. The majority of the men's classes consisted of city police recruits, It is with the greatest satisfaction that the committee announce the purchase of permanent headquarters. Suitable premises have been purchased in Great Charles-street, Birmingham, for the housing of both association and brigade, and as a d epot for all V.A.D. work. The committee have been able to this owing to the influence of the president, Sir John Holder, Bart., treasurer to the Dr. Nelson Memorial Fund, to which donations have been received amcunting to over £5,000. The sum of £500 voted at the last annual meeting has been contributed to the fund reducing the surplus to the credit of the association £ 284 19s. Sd. The services of honorary medical lecturers are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain, and the cost of qualifying for a first aid or nursing certificate has necessarily to be increased in those classes where a fee is charged by the lecturer.

The Old White Cross.

"Pro

Beneath the urave ulJ cruss of white, The Brothers of St. John, Banded for mercy not for fight, Time-honoured work have done. Their banner leads, as long ago, \Where pity gives her aid, For rich, for poor, for friend, for foe, The Old St. John Brigade.

Our emblem free o er land and sea Floats out on every wind, And leads the host whose proudest bast Is service of mankind.

Then to the cross, the old white cross ! Be every honour paid; Brave bond of love that floats above The Old St. ] ohn Brigade.

Beneath the same old cross of white The Sisters of St. John Follow their love-work day or night, God bless them everyone ! Where suffering is they do and dare, In mercy's own crusade, An honour to the badge they" ear The Old St. John Brigade.

Our emblem free o'er land and sea, &c.

And when, like trumpet note afar, The followers of St. John, At home, abroad, in peace or war, Hear duty call them on, They come humanity to serve, Where cry for help is made God grant their ranks may never swerve ! The Old St. ] ohn Brigade.

Our emblem free o'er land and sea, &c. -J. LAWSON RUSSELL, Todmorden.

When corresponding with Advertisers plea.e mention •• FiNt Aid "

utilitate hominum "

-FIRST

Filming Brigade Work at Plymouth.

IT is significant of the high state of efficiency of the Plymouth and District Ambulance Corps that when the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John desired a special kinema film for national propaganda purposes, the " Metropolis of the West" was selected as the b est example of the assistance it is possible for ambulance workers to render the community.

The producer, who is also the author of th e "Nutshell Dlama" is District Officer Charles Hanmer, of the staff. Mr. was fortunate in securing for the leading parts of Bob VIcars and Mrs. Vicars, Peckett Bould and Miss Cynthia Marshall, the two leadlDg

AI D - Septem ber, 1 92 I publicity. Brigade members removing an injured dock er from a large vessel in the Millbay Docks, by means .of special hoisting tackle; also the conveyance from a coll Ier in the Cattlewater of th e "captain's daughter," and th e landing of the gravely-ill patient at the Mayflower ?teps from a large motor launch, shows remarkable effiCien cy com bined with tenderness.

The" Glimpse of the Brigade at work" are follow ed by the drama, "The Only Way," in which Bould and Miss Marshall are impersonating leading ch a.ract ers. The scene opens at Chelson Meadow, on Bank-holiday Bob Vicar is seen at the fau In an int OXIcated condition j after making himself a g e nerai nuisanc e, and inflicting severe injuries to a boy at a cocoanut shy when the first-aid workers are called, he endeavours to

September, 1921. -FIRST

when sund e nly a policeman summons him to a tainti"lg woma n He renders assistance, and thereby earns the cares ses of her little daughter, who during her mother's illness is minding th e baby. No sooner is "he case attended, than the staff officer's car aqives, and the ambulance recruit proud ly salutes and reports, "All well ."

Ambulance and Red Cross W or k.

WE now publish a full report of Ambulance and Red Cross Section of the 89th Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association, h e ld at Newcastle, July, 192 c. The Pr e sident, Sir James Cantlie said :-All teachers of am bulance know how unsatisfactory it is to have an amb ulance class in the goods shed of a railway station. The fac t that conditions of that kind have had to be endured in the case of such an important branch of surgery as this makes one marvel that so much has been done. Every tea cher of ambulanc e knows, however, that it could be done much better, and that, given proper conditions, much gre ater efficiency is possible than exists at the present time

AID.-

43

of the work done by the men and women who volunteered for ambulance work during the war is being, raised and discussed. Under the title "Ambulance" is included humanitarian work in many departments which has borne fruit in our hospitals at home and abroad, on every front where help has been called for, in kitchens and sculleries. in wards and operating th eatres, on wagon and train, in work-rooms, in clerical and committee labours, in teaching and instruction, and in the performance of innumerable unseen duties which may never become known to the public. How to group so wide a range of good deeds and all that they mean under on e titl e is difficult, but I think that the word "Ambulance," bett er than any other, suffices to convey to everyone the aim and object of the work performed.

One of the street scenes of the Brigad e Film. artistes from the Grand Th'eatre, Plymouth, They gn'lOg their services without any fee or r e ward.

In fact, everyboby who has cause for thankfulness for the almost phenomenal rise to inestimable public usefulness of the "George-street Ambulance," as the Plymouth St. John Ambulance Service is popularly known. Not only are all those taking part locally selected, but the photographer is Mr. G. E. Prance, of Plymouth.

The panoramic views of Sound and the Hoe opens the film, followed by a parade of the Plymouth Corps of the St. John Ambulance by some realistic views of the ambulance men and siste rs at work. A magnificent fire brigade turn-out, taken on practice day, coupled with a scene in Mill-street, where the joint labours of the twinservices were effec tively demonstrated, is well worth wide

impede their mov ements and ends the day in prison. Bo b Vitars is next seen at work in the docks, wher e h e is p.ain ting a steamship's sid e. Seized with sudden illness, he fall s G4 considerable distanc e into the wat er, wh en a thrilli ng rescue scene is enacted by Mr. Doidge, of the Plymout h Corps, diving from the bridge of a vessel. During th e resultant illness, the St. John nurse in attendance is th e means of int e resting her patient and his wife in th e subjec t of first -aid. B e ing offer e d payment sh e refuses it, pointi ng out, "the only way" of reward was for Vicars to join th e St. John Ambulance movement himself. An ambulance class is then s ee n in progress, this being follow e d by scen e outside St. Peter's Church, Wyndham-square, with Bob Vicars in full ambulance uniform, on duty , awaiting a procession. No calls b e ing received, he ruminates on his pa st,

I began to teach Ambulance in 1878, and I have been lect uring on the subject ever since. My first class was held be neath the arches at Charing Cross. Our illuminant was a candle stuck in a beer bottb. On the wall we had a piece of white paper upon which, with charcoal, we drew diagr ams. But I will not harrow your feelings by recalling the experiences which many went through in these early clas ses, In 188 I there was a medical and sanitary exhihiti on at South K the first of its kind, I propose d that in connection with it there should be an ambullnce display. There had never been such a thing before In England. At first the suggestion was received with am us-:ment, but at last it was agreed to. I sent out five tho usand circulars announcing it, and three doctors came tl) see it-a German, a Russian, and a Spaniard. No Brit ish doctor came. We had the usual demonstration, with the help of policem e n. who used their truncheons, Ooe of the gentlemen who was looking on asked, in bro ken English, with a German accent, "Where did you that stick from ?" When he was told, he said, "I 11ave taught the world military am now I go to tea ch civil ambulance," Surely, I said, that cannot be the great man hims e lf, come to see our little show; but Im mediately I found myself being introduced to Professor Es march who had don e such a great work with his firstai d at Kiel University, Has any British university atte mpted to raise ambulance work above what it is at th e pre sent time? Esmarch himself asked to come to Kiel University, the foremost uDlverslty 10 Ge rmany. We have not reached tha.t stage ye t. .We have no t even got within th e sacred precInts of hospitals and me dical schools.

But what was the effec t of that policeman's truncheon?

Fo r one thing, as I have said, it taught Germany civil am bulance. Another of the doctors who came to see the di splay, the Russian, also went home and ta ught. civil am bulance to Russia, and the third, the SpaDiard, Introdu ced first aid into Spain. So that from our small heg innings we can say that civil ambulance sprea d the face of th e globe. Germany taught the world mIIILar y ambulance, but England taught the world civil am bulance. , , On every hand to -day the question of the recognItIOn

Forty years' experience of teaching Ambulance has brought it home to us that in the interests of the public during peace, as well as in the interests of the soldier in war, the work of ambulance teaching should be raised out of the haphazard methods of instruction which up to the present have prevailed, and that this branch of humanitarian work, regarded, as it should be, as a special branch of practical medicine and surg ery, requires relatively as careful an education and as simple methods of technical instruction as anyone of the other specialities. As I have already said, Esmarch, the founder of military ambulance, after seeing in 1881 the meaning of civil ambulance in Britain, returned to Kiel, and with the help of two of our greatest ambulance workers, the Princess Christian and Sir John Furley, called the inhabitants of Kiel to the University, and th e re, under the auspices of the authorities, raised and consecrated the subject of civil ambulance to the higher platform of university teaching. In Britain we have not done so; we have been content to let it be taught as and where it may.

Yd this is d elight ful work. There is an immense attraction to m e in improvisation, Can you make an ambulance wagon, a stretcher, and splints out of nothing? To create something out of nothing is well worth while. I am told that we must have the latest appliances, aluminium splints, and so on. Suppose a m 10 in the country gets kickt: d by a horse or injured by a reape r, wh t' re are you to get your aluminium splints if the nearest town is thirty miles away? If that is what first aid is to descend to, I say goodbye to it. There is no further Interest in it. It would mean that th ere must be a set of the very latest splints at eve ry farmhouse in the kingdom. Do you know that fine dressings can b e mad e with the aid of a good "fat" Do you know how to make a hay or straw rope like that which th e yokel can make? If not, you are no good for ambulance work. Do you this important branch of surgery should be allowed to fall entirely into the hands of people who are not doctors? It is wonderful what can be don e; let us make it still more wonderful. A railway porter will sacrifice his d ay's pay in order to take part in a public demonstration. I k,now that doctors nothing to reproach themselves With as regards makmg sacrific es. But much more can be don';:.

It was the result of my forty years' experience that induced me in 1914 to open the College of Ambulance in Vere-street, London. The building was generousl y placed at my disposal by Sir James Boy ton for twdve months free of charg e, and the initIal funds were a presen t to me from the pupils who, on August 6th, 1914, began to assem?le at the POlytechnic in Regent-street for ambulance teachIng at emergency classes. The testimonial these 3,000 students presented to me was spent in .equipping the ,c 0 ll,ege: , An appropriately e quipped techmcal school was mstltuted and

-FIRST

has aLtracted tens of thousands to the teaching afforded by the The college is open daily, the teaching being contmuous. For three years the attendances amounted to over 900, giving an annual attendance of 45,000.

The suitable and commodious premises were placed at my oisposal only until September, 1915, but after that date the responsibility for the maintenance of the college was sustained by myself, my own work being unpaid. A number of friends of the college, however, felt that it wa" too great a burden for any single individual to shoulder such an undertaking any longer, and at a public meeting helli on March 23rd, 1918, presided over by Sir James Reid, it was agreed that the college should become incorporated and be a national institution.

The college having become a great centre of teaching ambulance, the authorities feel that there could not be a more fitting memorial than the permanent establishment of an institution furthering the cause to which voluntary ambulance workers have devoted themselves. Ambulance is not a question of to-day but of all tIme. The first half-hour after injury, be it on the field of battle, in the streets of our cities, in factories, mines, harvest fields, railways, or in th e merchant service, - is the period of primary importance, and as this critical moment is in civil life left to the public to deal with, it is imperative that the training should be carried out in the best possible manner. Heretofore there has been no real schools of technical instruction of the kind, and it was to meet the urgent need that the college was established.

The teaching given in the college is essentially technical, and the college is th e refore equipped with anatomical specimens, models, diagrams, lantern slides, and microscope and a ward is arranged for instruction; there is a model operating theatre, a dnll hall, models of railway and motor ambulance, stretchers, a kitchen equipped for instruction in cooking, a lecture hall and museum, and everything th,\1 can promote the teaching of first aid, home nursing, and hygiene on a practical and technical basis.

Wishing to test the feeling of the country in regard to a memorial on the lines proposed, a few members of the governing body sent out a strictly limited number of letters privately. The response was so immediate and unanimous that it was resolved to issue a public appeal. The intention is to secure a site and building for the establishment of a technical college at which our am bulance workers can be educated at a manner worthy of this important department of practical medicine and surgery. We have long been familiar with the great public work done voluntarily Dy the ambulance workers for the past fe ,r tv years, and more recently in the war. There has been no opportunity given to the public to express their thankfulness to these men and women for their humane work. We want to. neither .monuments in stone nor any other of mar:1r,nate testimony) but an em blem in being, an actlve and hvmg centre where ambulance teaching shall be furthered, standardized and perfected, to meet the needs of the injured, the sick and the suffering.

. Dr. Robert Ande.rson (Vice-President of the saId that he had been mterested to hear Sir James Cantlie's account of the embryonic stage of civil ambulanr.e. He well recalled it in the North of England, He gave hIS first course of lectures on ambulance in Northumberland in 188[, the very year of which Sir James had spoken. When he took up the subject he did not know how to lecture and had no textbook. He began in a colliery school -

AID. - September, 1921 , ro.)m with fifty or sixty men, m')derately intelligent pitm en, but quite ignorant of this subj ect , He was not lecturi ng for their entertainment, and it was a rather ambiguou s situation--an ignorant teacher addressing an ignorant class! The first book he had was Esmarch's boo k, translated by Princesa Christian "First Aid to th e Iojured: Five Am bulance Lectures ," Translated from th e German. London, 1882.) With this very creditable production he proc eeded to give lectures, and the pit me n crowd ed to them, because they understood that they woul d get information which would b e of advantage and benefi t to them and their fellows. Later on he was asked to gi ve other courses of lectures, and the class was twice double d. This went on session after session, until neigh bouring co llieries began to get infected with a desire for knowledg e, and he found himself giving four or five courses of lecture s, at a distance of three or four miles from his own hous e, every wint e r. Eventually he was asked to be examin er in the district, and in this way he travelled over a wide area. He found the President's well-known text book most useful. It was simple, though the very si mplicity of the whol e thing made it difficult. Too oft en they pondered about over the great and serious things to no particular purpose, and overlooked the very sim pi e things. Sir James Cantlie had rightly emphasised the val ue of extemporisation. The late Hugh Boyle, once preside n t of the Northumberland Min e rs' Association, was one of h is own pupils and heard him lecture on fractures. On th e following day, in the pit, the man next to Boyle sustain ed a bad fracture of the leg, Boyle immediately appli ed first aid, using oakum for padding the splints and tyin g them with tarry rope. The result was excellent. O n another occasion he was lecturing on bleeding from vein s' one of the men in the class was the very man who ha d sustained the fracture just mentioned, and about tw o o'clock in tbe morning that man's wife called his attenti o n to the fact that a varicose vein in her leg had burst. T h e man did not rush off to the surgery. He did exactly wh at he had been told to do th e night btfore. He stopped th e immediate bleeding by pressure below the wound, on ly sending for the doctor when it was daylight. Sir Jam es Cantlie had very properly emphasis e d the fact that t h e first half-hour after the iuj ury was the time when skill ed aid could be of most use. Pupils were taught to put th ", patie nt in safe position and await the arrival of th e doctor. There was every reason why a College of Amb ulance should be established in a important mini ng centre such as Newcastle

Reviews.

BANDAGING AND BAlSDAGES FOR NURSE S

By M. Cordelia Cowan.

London: B. Saunders Co" 9 Henrietta-street W.C

Price IDS. 6d.

THIS is a most elegant manual, prepared especially or nurses, and devoted entirely to the art of bandaging. Cover ing thoroughly and systematically the whole range of roller, and binder, bandaging, it is wonderfully clear in Its mstruclOns and IS liberally elldowed with 139 excellent photograph-illustrations, which constitute a truly valuable of the book. h in some' respects it presen ts AmerIcan rather than British methods, yet it should pro ve extremely valuable to the would-be up-to -date nurse no less than a book of reference.

fettet's to the &ditot'.

We are in no res/cnsible tor tlte opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Con espondcnts.-EDITOR, ETC.

AMBULANCE E X AMINATIONS ON STRICTER LINES.

SIR,-In reply to F. C. Reeve, jun.'s letter of June I must fir st of all state that this is the second letter I have but I ex pect that to some oversight it was not I do nO t agree With F. C. Ree,ve, jun., on eve:y point. In my ex perIence <;Lmbulance are qUite strict enough. I only Just re examlOed and I lost the maximum by th e Simple oversight of one bandage in a fractured forearm an d while agreeing t,hat ,in my case it was only right to have ma rks taken off, I thmk It would have been uniust to a new quite, agree that if a man is not capable of performmg hiS dutIes he should not hold the certificate or be pe rmitted to wear uniform, but a man has to hold the certificate before he can wear uniform, and I think we should leave it to the medical officer to decide if a man is a proper certified man or not. The most important point to consider IS to encour,a ge the am,bul<;Lnce movement, and if we are goi ng t o have stncter exammatlon s we shall only go to discourage ne w members from joining. I think it would be far better if a little more time was devoted to practi cal work and leave the exa minations as they are, perhaps in some cases it would be bet ter to be a on the part of the examiner, but if a ma n at the exammatlon does not prove capable then he should be disqualified.

Now, to come to T VV, H. 's suggestions, I would like to st,ate that I entirely disapprove with No. I and 2, but I agree Wi th No 3. May I suggest that a written e xa mination be ta ken on general knowledge of the Text-Book.

Yours faithfully, A. O. BAKER.

DEAR SIR,-In your August FIR ST AID you have a letter headed" Ambul a nce Examinations on Stricter Lines ."

The letter closes with three suggestions, the first of which r eads: "First Aid Certificate, to bear the words. "This certific ate exp ires from date of issue, " the words "Three Years " were omitted.

The sugge;tion should read" This certificate expires three years from date of issue."

Yours truly,

T.

W. H.

DEAR SIR, I have read with interest the letters appearing on the above subject. Personally I agree that they should b e carried out on stricter lines. I fail to see why it should be more difficult or exacting to get out of a student what he knows. If a man can give in his own way how he would treat an injury an d why he would treat it in such a way to the satisfaction of th e examiner it would meet the case. Of course some are unable to express themselves as they would like, but as a rule ex aminers have such a way in dealing with these cases and also of overcoming the nervousness from which students often suffer that those who fail are few. I do not think that many S t. John's men would be guilty of twitting an unfortunate broth er who had failed to pass an examination as they would be lacking in the qualities which go to make a good St. J ohn )s man if they did. I certainly agree that the certificate should ex pire after a certain date. When I was in the R.A.M.C. I ca me across men who had obtained the St. J ohn)s Certificate years before (one case 20 years ) and had taken no further in terest in it, yet they claimed to be St. J ohIl's men and capable of rendering First Aid. When you are called upon, you will a lways find people to criticise your work, and whatever qualifica tions you hold be it certificate, voucher, medallion, or label, you should be up to the mq,rk as far as you can to uphol4 the

traditions of our Order so that it can be said" By their work ye shall know them.

W. E. BROWN, Thorne Division).

SONG OF ST. JOHN BRIGADE.

SIR,-Some time ago I was informed that you had made some enquiry regarding the words of " The Old White Cross" of which I enclose a copy.

A setting of the song to music has been arranged by a pupIl of Dr. Bridge's, Organist of Chester Ca thedral and I am anxious to have the thing criticised to make sure it would and popular and then intend to have it publ ish ed If qUIte sUItable?

am,

Yours faithfully, J. LAW SON RUS SELL, M.B C.M. , [We publish the words of the son g in another part of the Issue] .-ED.

AMBULANCE QUALIFICATION.

DEAR SIR ,-

There are in my estimation several matters that should interest all especially members of a St. Tohn Ambulance DIVISIon, more closely than an exam ination on stricter lines.

The Asso,ciation man wear the ir badge if he has once obtalOed a Fi rst Aid certI ficat e, even it was ten or more years ago and he has long since for gott en what little he ever knew.

There are also public bodies who hold examinations under the Asso:::iation, but are not allied to any Division, who do not for one mmute study the danger of sending out a man, who has not obtained a certificate. in an uniform which is as near the St. J ohn )s as it is safe Lo be.

Let the Association only allow the exam inat ions to be held by the different Corps or Divisions, and the men will se e what is expected of them -Yo urs, &c.,

H. K. M.

New Zealand.

D UNEDIN.- The Chairman of the Centre has favoured us with a copy of the annual report of the Centre for the past year. District Nursing plays a great part in the activities of the Centre which maintains three professional nurses in addition to helpers from the Nursing Division. The Ambulance Transport is being carried on under an arrangement with th e Fire Brigade which comm en ced in January, 1920, and has proved very satisfactory indeed. Ambulances are available day and night when required, and the celerity with which calls are answered , and the attention given to patients, have been favourably commented on in many quarters.

India.

THE annual meeting of the Indian Council of the S.J.A.A. was recently held at Simla, over which the Viceroy (Lord Reading) presided.

The annual report states that eight new Centres were formed, which bring the total number to 365. The classes held under the auspices of the Association were attended by 20,659 persons, and though this total was a little less than that of last year, th e number of persons who passed for the Association's certificate, namely 11 , 5 29, exceeded the figure of last year by over 3,000. In one fruitful field of work, nam e ly the Railway C e ntres, there

-FIRST

has been great improvement, number attending classes, 1.174, being more than three times that of last year. Police Forces again have shown commendable .activlty, 5,<g67 men ,were trained, of whom 3,270 qualIfied for certific!1tes.

The All-India Ambulance Competition, which was revived again this year, was held at Calcutta. the entries and the efficiency shown in the competitIOn was highly satisfactory.

Child Welfare and Red Cross Work.

ONE of the most important Peace activities of the Red Cross is •. Child Welfare," and the Irish Centre of St. John at home, and the Indian Centre abroad are dev.otin.g a great deal of interest to this form ?f p eace work, IS the most practical, and productive aspect of applied hygiene. .'

We would direct our readers attentIOn, and to prevIOus notices which have been given regarding Dr. Robert J. Blackh'am's Book on the subject, of which a fourth edition was reviewed recently in this Joumal.

Th e Book has been adopted as a Text-Book for Infant Clinics and Child Welfare Centres, not only in India and Ireland, but also by the Kent County Council In this country. It is published by the Scientific Pres3, 29, Southampton-street, Strand, at four shillings and sixpence, and is a complete and reliable guide to the mother, nurse, or welfare worker either at home or abroad.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

2ueries will be dealt with under the Tot/owing ru l es :-

I.-Letters containinl. Queries must be marked on the top lelt haJta corner oj the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2. -A Il Queries tIlust be accompanied by a " QuerJ' Coupon" cut fro1l the current issue oj the Journal, or in case 0/ Queries jrom abroa( from a recent issue.

- The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition of 5.f.A.A. Manual of Fi1'st·Aid.

EXTERNAL USE OF SPIRIT.

H. L. (Woodhouse).-I would again avail myself of your kind help, and ask what kind of " spirit" we should use (in accordance with Textbook instructions) for Stings of Plants, &c. ( p. 114) and for Bruises (p 107).

The term (I spirit" covers any volatile inflammable liquid obtained by distillation, the active ingredient of which is alcohol-such as brandy, wh sky, eau,de-cologne, rectified or methylated spirit, &c. So your choice is a wide one. Applied to the skin, alcohol quickly evaporates and cools the skin which becomes pale from contraction of the small vessels. Consequently inflammation may be thereby checked and pain relieved by the local anaesthetic effect of cold. -N. CORBET FLETCHER.

HISTORY OF FIRST AlD.

R. A. (Dublin).-Can you tell me of any book which deals with the history of the modern period of the Red Cross movement?

The book you require is Col. Robert Blackham's White Cross of St. John, in which you will find a chapter compiled

AID.- Septem ber, 19% I.

by myself on the modern period of Ambulance Work. It can be obtained from the publishers of this Journal, pri c e 3S. 6d. -N. C. F.

SPLINTS FOR FRACTURED THI GH

D. H. P. (Pontlottyn).- Why does the Textbook under Genera l Rules for Fractures ( p. 49) teach us to select splints whi ch " must be firm enough and long enough to keep the joi nts immediately above and below the fractured bone at rest ," and then teIl us for Fractured Thigh (p. 64) to apply the inner splint from" from fork to just above the knee "? It seems a pity that the Textbook breaks its own Gener al Rules.

Not knowing I cannot say; thoug h possibly the answer to your query is that the outer splint (which is the more import ant of the two) satisfies the requirements of the General Rules. Personally, I agree with you that the breaking of the General Rules is a mistake, and that from the First·Aid standpoint a long internal splint is not only more true to book but also more effective. Indeed, I prefer a splint reaching from fork to foot. -

N. C. F.

SCHAEFER'S METHOD.

M. D. (Swi tzerland ). - In this ,c ountry we have no ambulan ce textbook adapted to civilian requirements, though we h ave several which deal with the military aspect of the work. I am, therefore, writing such a book, and find your arti cles and answers a source of inspiration in my task. As we know practically nothin g out here about Schaefer's Meth od of Artificial Respiration, I wouder if you co uld direct me to an original description of his instructions.

Schaefer'" Method was first described in 1904, and n ow finds a place in all British Ambulance Textbooks. The neare st approach to an original description known to me and easi ly obtainable is contained in A Manual of Ambulance, written by Dr. Scott Riddell and published by Griffin & Co., Exeterstreet, Strand. Accept our best wishes for success in yo ur task.-N. C. F.

CHOICE OF DRES SINGS.

C. E. R. (South Africa).-I thank you for your great kindne ss in posting the parcel of books for which I asked; and I feel that any further request of mine will have a simil ar sympathetic reception from you.

Bytheway, I am puzzled about the indications for t he different dressings used for wounds. Some of us atten d the local Railway Surgery, where we are asked now for boric lint, now for stenle or medicated gauze, now for li nt soaked in lysol solution, now for boric fomentations, &c. What gov erns the selection of these dressings? I s the re any book which gives the indications for such selection ?

Many roads lead to Rome! So with dressings for woun ds (and different) dressings achieve the same result since Natu re is a wonderful healer and our efforts are to "assist Nature's efforts" ( Textbook p. 24. The choice, therefore, depends on the opinions and experience of the individual surgeon. I kno w no book of reference, though you will find the point discus sed in an article which I contibuted to the January (1917) issue of FIRST AID.

The Textbook recognises wounds as either "clean" or "obviously .dirty" ( p: 84); and attempts at differentiati ng between vanous dressmgs would be beyond the scope of First Aid, which is concerned only with the first dressing. I not e, however, that the dressings named by you include tho se suitable 'for" clean" wounds (boric lint, sterile or medicat ed gauze) and also for "dirty)) wounds (boric fomentation lin t soaked in weak lysol).

As for your appeals for help, of course these will at all times receive" sympathetic" attention, lest you convict us of falling short in our Qualifications as First-Aiders.-N.C.F.

S. X. (N .W.1 ).-We have dealt with the question of War Medals and rates of pay in several of our recent issues.

September, 1921. -FIRST AID.-

Home Office Pattern. STERILIZED DRESSINCS.

Are ideal dressings for factories and workshops.

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POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION RE ADINC" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC." Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above C0urses at once.

A member 01 S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T. B.)

Special terms now-halffees-to members of S.J.A.B.,&c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J.

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TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE

AI D.- September, 1921

MANUALS OF FIRST -AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantab), M.R.C .S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, IS.

Plrst.Ald Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory. , Col. Sir lames €(l.ntlie contributes an int,.oduction and we endorse his g09a fJpiniffl 0/ tlte book. "-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d •• post free.

Home·Nurslng Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory.

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By • R.. J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M.G" C.I.E., D.S.O .• M.D (r) POIsomng. (2) H remorrh age Imen sibility, (4) Asph yxia Breathing), (5) Fractures , Di slocatipn <and Sprain s, (6 ) Wou nd s, Bites, Scalds, Ruptur& and Min or Injuries. Th e S e ri es con tai ns all th e e ·sential s of First Aid Printed on linen·lined ca rd s, 3r' x 51

A

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETT E.

Edited by ART H UR. B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

F IRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is as. 6d. post free ; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and R eports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Edito r, and shoul d reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (n ot necessarily For 1J ublic at i on) by the name and addr ess of th e Co rrespondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other bllsiness Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD

46, CANNON STREET, LON DON , E.c. 4.

Te legraphic Address : "Twentll-/ou r, London. " Telep hon e No. 5477 Ban k.

EDITORIAL.

T

lac k of unity and hom egeneity, and prior to 19 14 the disconnect e d sch e m e th en in existence caused a great deal of fri ction, and, we mus t c onfess, that the position appears to us to b e even wors e to-day.

We presume t hat bei n g embodied in the Territorial F or ce the d etach me n ts will receive all the gra nts and a llo wances to wh ich the of this force are entitled, in this ca se th e mili tary authorities will certainly limit to th e s ma ll est si ze p ossi ble the number of detachments and pe rsonnel enroll e d It is not likely that they will lay themselves op e n to un limited demands upon the public purse, nor will mone y be paid without additional reRtrictions accomp a nying it, so that in all probability th e object desir e d may ha ve a t en d ency to materially affect the future of the deta chm e nts , r e stricting them in numbers and depriving th em , to som e extent, of their voluntary and patriotic ch ar a cter.

Co llege

rs every facili ty for instructi on in Ambulance Work in its wi dest in terpret a ti on T he fees ale m oder ate and Membe rs a nd Fe 1J ows ha\'e the use of Anatomi cal and Patholog ical M useu ms Band ag ing Ro oms, W a rd , LibralY and Wri ting Ro?m. Annual Member s £1 IS., Fellow s £2 2S

W n te fo r Pros pect us to the MA NAGIN G SECRETARY 56 Q ueen

An ne S t rf et, W .I. Ph one: Mayfair 4652. "

DRUMS. BUCLES. FLUTES.

REPAIRS executed on the MUSIC published for premises in a few hours when urgently required.

HEADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a couple of hours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head sam e day

Drum, Flute and Bugles. Write for List.

H. POTTER &CO.,

3 6 -38 , WEST STREET, CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON.

S OMETHIN G h a s alr eady b ee n sai d in V.A.D. in the th e se pag e s on the futur e of th e V.A.D , Melting Pot. and their posit ion has b ee n discuss e d by County T e rritori a l Ass o ci a ti on s a nd other bodies from tim e to tim e, we now h e ar o n hi gh au thority that they a re definitely to c ome under th e adm i nistration of the T e rritorial Force Associati o n. In vi e w o f civ il work of th e V.A.D. as defined by the Joint C ouncil thi s position will make matters r a th er complic a te d Thi s it would appear to us, that b eing const itut e d a s a Milita r y Re serve th e y would have no status as such in c ivil work un less lent by th e T .F.A. for th e purpose a s und e r A rmy Re gulations, military units ar e not allow e d to und ertak e civil duties. In consequence of this th e many sch emes which have been formulated for e mpl oy ing V. A.D. in civil life would fall to pi e c es, and mor e esp f' _ cially as the great bulk of thes e apply wholly to wo men, t be outcome of this arrangment means that this valua b le ass et to th e nation will be lost.

Ever since the formation of the Voluntary Aid Detac hments, except during the war period, there has been a

Th ere th e m atter rests at pre sent, and until the Milit ary A u t ho ri ties issu e their new scheme no action is likely to tak e n ; but t h e Order of St. John and British Red C ross S o ciety shou ld not let the matter rest in this state, for through th eir agency there was called into existence a large b ody of us eful and necessary workers, who proved th ei r worth in th e late war, and it rests with these bodies to see th a t det ach men ts are placed unde r an organisation that will allow th e m to work in the great schemes of peace a s we ll a s war.

In re cognit ion and appreciatiun of the servIces they r e nd ered in th e Low Moor explosion disaster in 19 I 8, se ve n me mb ers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were pr e sente d with i ll u minate d certificates by the Deputy Lord Mayor of Bradford (Mr W. H. Brocklehurst) in the Bradford Town Hall on Se p tember 26th. The recipients were C apt ain K Charl e swor th, Dr. W. M . McIlraith, Sup e rint e nd e nt Buss e y, M rs M. E. Hall, Mrs. P Gibson, 1\lrs. W in ifred Timms, a n d Mr. E. Thurman. Superintendent Johns o n, sp ea ki ng in the unav o id able absence of the Chief o f B radfo rd , sai d t h a t alt h ough the was be la te d, in th e mi nd s oU h e r eg ul ar police and special constabulary th e nobl e work of thos e to wh om the pre se nta tions had b e en mad e would al way s b e ap p rec iated.

No. I Distri(,.t COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

Grand of the Order of thc ,}{ospital of St. John of jerusalem in E;nglugd. .\.MBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

St. John ,Ambulance Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

AI D - October, 192 I

tions up to date have already circulated. Copies of Brigade Regulations have been furnIshed Officer on appointment. One copy, known as the DIVIsIOnal should always be available at the headguarters of the DIVISi on on Drill nights for all ranks of the Bng<l:de to c<;Jnsult. Tbe District Orders which are issued as occaSlOn reqUIres are sent in duplicate to every Division, one copy for the or member in charge, and 0l!e copy.to be affixed to the DIVIsional Notice Board for the mformatlon of all members. (Signed) W. H. WINNY, C01lZmz'ssi01ze r.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. N ovem ber; 1921.

Sunday, 6th.-No. I Division, St. John 's Irate. " 13th.-No.2 " Haggerston. " 2oth.-No 4 Ley ton and Leytonstone. 27th. NO.5" Hackney.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. J oho's Gate at 2 p.m.

LORD MAYOR S DAY.

It is anticipated that duty will be undertakrn as usual on Lord Mayor's D3.Y by and Nursing Di.visions. As the notice given for this Duty IS ample, men:bers In charge of Divisions should take early steps to ascertaIn what members can take Duty on that occasion. All detachments should turn out with full equipment, including stretcher and haversac. Decorations and medals will be worn. A prompt return should be made on the forms sent out separately.

CLAIMS FOR EXPENSES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH DUTIES FROM HEADQUARTERS.

Public Street Duties and Bank Holiday Duties. Claims for these should be submitted to headquarters quarterly, that is after 31st March, 30th June, 30th September, and 31St December. Unless this is done promptly It may not be possIble to allow the claims.

Duties undertaken at Public Exhibitiuns and at Race Meetings. Claims for members authorised to do these duties from headquarters should be submitted as soon as possible after the duty is completed, and not on the same form as the claims for Public Street Duties. Unless the claims are sent in within a week of the conclUSion of the duty, it is probable that it will not be possible to admit the claims.

ANNUAL RE -EXAMINATION.

Superintendents and members in charge of Divisions should, when making application for sanction to hold Annual Re-examinations, give full particulars, i.e. :-

Name and Address of Examiner.

Date ann Place of Re-examination.

Number of Members sitting for Re-examination.

A special form will then be forwarded to the examiner, and form B.F.I LB. in triplicate, together with general slips, will be sent to the Divisional Officer. The names will be filled in by him and handed to the examiner.

When it is desired that an Association Examination at which members of the Brigad e have been permitted to attend, shall count for Brigade Efficiency, application must be made beforehand to headquarters for the necessary forms.

DIVISIONAL NOTEPAPER.

The attention of members is called to Brigade Regulation No. 28 regarding Divisional Notepaper. If any doubt is experienced regarding the form of heading, a sample can be obtained from headquarters.

BRIGADE REGULATIONS.

The attention of Superintendents and members in charge of Divisions is called to the fact that many members of the Brigade do not appear to be sufficiently acquainted with Brigade Regulations. Amendments to the Brigade Regula-

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne wspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of pu blication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

To vVarrant Officers and Sergeants, Prince of vVales' Corps. DEAR COi\lRADES,-

I should like to suggest that a meeting be convened at a date in the near future for the purpose of formin g a Club for vVarrant Officers and Sergeants of the Prince of Wales' Corps.

I t is quite evident that s.ocial functions the rank and file are very lacking 1D our Corps, and It IS, In my opinion, of the utmost value for the furt.herance of good fdlowship in the valuable work of the Bngade.

There are numerous ways in which we may endea vour to encourage our members and bring them more clo sely together through the medium of such a club.

At present there are no facilities for consulting each other on matters of interest beneficial to our cause.

\Ve must encourage our members if we want to keep them and before we can thoroughly do that, we must meet to kn'ow each other and to discuss ways by which we may encourage them.

I shall be pleased to hear the views of those interes ted and to receive any suggestions on the subject.

Will all Warrant Officers and Sergeants desirou s of forming a Club, kindly communicate with me by let ter, and oblige,

Yours sincerely, SGT. G. E. J. BUSHNELL, M. S.M. 63rd Division, S.] .A.B., 88, Thorpedale-road, Finsbury Park, N.4.

On Saturday evenin g, October 1St, the officers and members of the No. 51 , Blackheath) Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade gave a very enjoyable Social an? Dance at their headquarters, Morden-terrace Worn ens I nstJtute.

The music for the dancing was provided by the Alb ion orchestra, and during the evening songs were .be<l:utifully rendered by Misses Coffey and P. Cockle, and reCitatIon by MISS P. Rolphe.

MISS Ife the head of the Institute and vice-president of the Division' in a few words outlined the work of the Divi sion and how it c'ame to be attached to the Institute; she propo sed a hearty vote of thanks to the an.d other friends who had entertained them; this was carned With acclamatIon.

Dr. J. Stanley Davies, followed by a breezy speech wishing the new division success and Godspeed in their work.

A pleasant evening was concluded by the singing of Auld Lang Syne and the National Anthem.

Full particulars for joining the division may be obtained from Miss E. L. May and Miss E. Russell Hallet, 29, The Gardens, E. Dulwich, S.E. 22.

No. 71 (TOTTENHAM & EDMONTON) DIVISlON.- This Division has been carrying on a "recruiting campaign" in district with a view to increasing the membership, prom otmg

October. 192 I. - FIR ST

an interest in the work of the Brigade and encouraging tbe study of first aid.

The effort commenced on the occasion of a Drumhead Memorial Service held in t?e po.wnhills Park and a special appeal by means of personal IDvltaticn and small window bills.

On Sunday, October 2nd, a church parade was organised and the neighbouring divisions joined the local Brigade. District Officer Capt. W. J. Pontin, M.B.E., was in charge of the parade, and Sergt Major J. Elam was also present.

Representatives of the followin g Divisions met at Bruce Grove Station :-No 10 St. Marks, No. 25 Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway, No. 29 Waltham stow, No. 71 Tottenham and Edmonton, No. 78 Enfield, and No. 80 Stoke Newington-where the parade assembled.

Headed by the Walthamstow Division Pipe Band, they marched to the High Cross Congregational Church where they were ioined by members of Nursing Divisions. An admirable sermon was preached by Major the Rev. J. Alfred Kaye, who was thoroughly conversant with the servIce of St. John and fully entered into the spirit of ambulance work, he made a fine appeal to the young men of the congregation to take up such useful work.

The headquarters, 168, West Green-road, have been open every evening during « Health Week" (October 9th to 15th), a speCIa l event orgar!Ised throughout the country by the Royal Sanitary Institute and supported by the local Sanitary Authority. Demonstrations on First Aid work have given and the work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade have been brought prominently before the inhabitants of Tottenham and Edmonton.

The local P.S A.'s have been visited at their Sunday afternoon meetings, and the Brigade members have been given an opportunity of making an appeal from the platform, which appeals in all cases were backed up by presidents, secretaries and speakers. I n one case the local Medical Officer of Health (D r. D. C. Kirkhope), who was the speaker for the afternoon, spoke in most eulogistic terms of the great work performed by the local members of the Brigade during the recent war, when they worked so unremittingly in connection with the military hospitals in this district.

No 4 District.

A variety of subjects of interest to ambulance workers was discussed by the No 4 District, who held their annual con ference in Liverpool for the first time on 1St October at St. Georg e's Hall. The work of the brigade was described by the Lord Mayor, in welcoming the conference, as one without which the land would be very much poorer, and, speaking of the valuable services which the ambulance men and nurses rend ered during the recent Royal visits to Liverpool, he expressed the hope that the work would continue with increased efficiency.

Col. Trimble (Commissio ner ), who presided, told the Lord Mayor that since the war the task of keeping the units together In a state of efficiency had been a difficult one, but the corner had been turned, and he believed the work would be renewed with all its pre-war efficiency.

Col. Trimble expressed the opinion that the difficulties which had been experienced since the war was due to war uneasiness, but that disease was dying, though very slowly; an d lethargy and selfishness could never exist in the work of the St John Ambulance Brigade. In Liverpool he regretted that the work did not flourish in the way he would like. The Nursing Divisions of the Liverpool Corps were good, but there was only one Ambulance Division in the great city, and this was to be regretted.

Amblliance men had many opportunities of plying their skill in the sad accidents which occurred in streets and workshops, while nursing sisters could find much useful activity in child welfare work, visiting the sick and poor, and aSSIsting, where they could, the district nurses. The importance of amb ulance work was being increasingly recognised in factories, wh ere there was being established ambulance stations with excellent equipment in charge of women ambulance superintend ents The Factories Department of the Home Office was

AID.- SI

ver,Y keen or: the matter, and had issued extensive instruclions, whIch were III some cases acted upon. This wock should be pressed forward in every factory and workshop.'

A resolution asking for the re-instatement by all railway cOT?panies of travelling facilities existing before tbe war, by WhICh members of the ambulance hrigade were able to travel at fare for a double journey, was unanimously carried on the motIon of Supt. Tapson, of Stalybridge, who pointed out that Boy Scouts and similar organisations had concessions to go to camps! while an ambulance division attending a competItIOn or reVIew had to pay the ordinary rate of travel, a great hardship in many cases owing to inability to find the necessary funds.

When concessions were given to football clubs, the same concessions should surely be given to ambulance workers who followed those clubs and stood by in case of accident, was a remark made by another speaker.

Miss Craig, of the Liverpool North Nursing Division, secured approval to a proposal to allow members of nursing divisions to carry water bottles on public duty, instead of having to carry their water supply in a glass bottle, which was a nuisance or danger if it broke, in ha\'ersack or basket.

There was considerable discussion on a motion by Ambulance Officer J. E. England, Horwich, to permit competitive teams to be composed of the best men in each division, irrespective of rank, provided a senior officer was in charge, but eventually the proposal was carried and will be placed before the Chief Commiss io ner for approval.

At the present time, it was pointed out by Mr. England, with the exception of the N.C.O. or officer in charge the team must consist of privates, and many keep competitive men, either refused promotion or dropped their stripes because they wanted to take part in competitive events.

Amid applause Col. Trimble announced that he had received a cheque for '£100 from Superintendent Hall, Ashtonunder-line, towards the NO.4 District Fund.

At the close of the conference the members were entertained to tea at the Adelphi Hotel, where an enjoyable concert was held in the evening.

No. 5 District.

BOSTON.-At the unveiling of Boston's War by the Earl of Yarborough, Lord Lieutenant of the County Supt. C. A. Enderby, on behalf of the Boston Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, placed a large wreath designed as the Ambulance Cross, upon the cenotaph, in memory of the members of the Div isio n who made the supreme sacrifice.

The inspection of this Division was held on Sunday, October 2nd, in the Recreation Ground, by Lieut.-Col. F. S. Lambert, R.A.M.C. (T. ), Assistant Commissioner, in the presence of an immense crowd of interested spectators, including the Mayor, Councillor E. Richardson, Alderman C. l?ay, I\1r. G. L. Nussey, J.P., Miss Clegg, M.B.E. A very effiCIent dISplay in First Aid was given in which the motor-arr.bulance formed a part. Corpl. G. A. Boyes was presented with the Vellum Vote of Thanks, receiving the congratulations of the inspecting officer, and hearty cheers from th: Addressing the parade Col. Lambert expressed and great pleasure in witnessing such an lD drill and First A id, and he hoped the Boston DIVISIon would continue to flourish and increase in numbers.

GOOLE.-The annual inspection of the Division took place on Sunday October 2nd, in the Victoria Pleasure Grounds (kindlv lent by the Committee of the Hook AF.C.). T here was a good turn out-26 officers and men being on parade out of a total strength of 3r-under the command of Supt. C. Batley. Dr. E. E. Cass (Ho norary Divisional Surgeon) and Ambulance Officer A were also present The inspection was conducted by DIstrIct Officer Geo. Severn, of Mexboro, who afterwards presented the long service medals to Ambulance Officer A. Braham and Sergt. Vi. Thompson. In the course of his remarks, Mr. Severn reminded all present that this medal is presented for 15 years' and efficient service in the Brigade, and the presentatJOn was evidence of hard work at drills and practices during the whole

-FIRST

of that time, as the honour can only be obtained. by attention to duty, and the altendance at the annuallDspectlon and re-examination every year. He also remarked that durmg this time these men must have rendered valuable public servIce, rendered first aId in many cases of accident, and valuable help in many cases of sickness, thus making some lives happier and brighter. He urged all the men on parade to carryon the good work they have begun, by attending regularly to their drills, practices and publ ic duties, and so try to bring more such medals to Goole.

No. Q District.

REDRUTH'- The annual special appeal for Divisional Funds has resulted in the following amounts being received. -From annual subscribers, £62 ; Flag day, £41 2S.; collection at Church parade, £2 17S. ; collection at Sacred cor.cel r, £23·

The Flag Day was organised and carried through by Mrs. A. Arthur, ambulance officer of the Nursing Division. The Sacred Concert, organised by Sergt. W. T anyon. Great credit is due to these two for the splendid result.

No. 12 (Irish District).

It is hoped that all superintendents who have so far not arranged the annual re-examination for theIr Divisions w1l1 do so without delay.

The District Calendar for 1922 is now on sale. I t is in black and white, and is surmounted with the eight-pointed cross, on each side are shields) on which show some of the WOl k that is being done by the Brigade. Copies can be had from the Secretary, No. 12 lJistrict, 40, Merrion-squire, price 2S., post free 2S. 9d.

District Corps and Divisional Officers are busy orgamsing a sale on behalf of the Brigade funds, to be held at headquarters, 40, Merrion-square, on October 28th and 29th. Many artistic stalls are being arranged by the Nursing DlvistOns, and Supt. J. S. Smurtbwaite, with the members of Messrs. W. and R J Ambulance DIvision, is in cha.rge of the entertamments and Side shows. There will be refreshments? dancing, and palmistry, while.a jumble sale is being organised by Supt. F. J. Horne and MISS Gray, with the memof the City of Dublm Ambulance and Nursing Divisions

It IS hoped that all members of the District will support the sale to the utmost and get the ir frIend:, to come each day.

CITY OF DUHLlN:-:-A very enj.oyab le social evening wa" s.pent by the above DIVIS on at their St. John 's Schools, Flshamble-street, on the 24th ult. A choice selection of music was rendered by artistes of high standing, and the f?llowmg trophies were re-presented (after engraving ) by Corps Supt. J. H. Webb ;-

Dublin Ambulance Challenge Cup.- Team-Ambulance

G. W. Belton, .S ergts. P. Cassidy, H. McCamley, J. S. CrOZier, and Pte. J. Killeen, each of whom received a miniature of the cup. This is the sixth year in which the Dublin Ambulance Challenge Cup has heen won by this Division.

District Individual Challenge Cup.- Won by Sergt. H.

Novices Cup.- To be compe ted for by men of the Division With less than twelve months' service. Presented by Assistant Commissi oner. W. G. Smith. Won by Pte. Brady Pte R Reid, 2nd; Pte. Gillard, 1rd.

Divisional Shield.-Presented by Corps Supt. J. H. Webb. Won by No. Team, composed of-Ptes. J. Killeen J. Quinn P: Byrne and P .. McDermott. Trainer, Ambulance 'Officer G: W. Belton. ThiS trophy to be held by trainer of winning team for twelve months. Each member of team received a miniacup. The members of the winning team presented their tramer, Ambulance Officer Delton with a set of hair brushes and the mem?ers. of the sect;>nd team presented Sergt: McCamley, their tramer, With a silver mounted egg service.

Cadets Cup.-Presented by Supt. F. J. Horne Won by K. Vaughan; M. Haskins, 2nd.

AID.- October, 1921

Divisional Individual Cup.-\Von by Pte. J. Killeen; Pte R. Reid, 2nd.

Tea was served by a highly capable ladies committee, composed of the wives and lady friends of the officers and men of the Division.

All the miniature cups awarded were presented by the officers and N.C.O.'s of the Division.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazettt!

SEPTEMBER, 19 2 1.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases- with sputal reference t o /{ood and bad -boints in Tnatment-jor inclusion in t'his Colum n.

FIRST AID WlTH EFnCIEt\CY.

Whilst playing with a thimble, my 14-months old daug.ht er recently had a narrow escape from death, as she placed It In her mouth and partly swallowed it. Being summoned fro m the garden by my wife's agonised cries, found the child unconscious, blue in the face and not breathmg.

In view of the history I slipped my little finger IDtO the child's mouth but could not dislodge the thimble, which was fixed across the larynx. So keeping my finger in position , I immediately seized the child by both ankles, and turning her upside down shook her vigorougly with the result that, to my profound relief, the thimble fell int<=! her mouth and. on the floor. With removal of the foreIgn body, breathlDg qUick ly re-started and apart from some shock, the child was no ne the worse' for her (a nd our ) alarming experience.-M. R, Cannon-street.

A CUR IOlJ S FATAL ACClOEN1.

Not long- ago, whJ!st delivering milk dt a custo mer's hou se I was appealed to for help by a maid behalf of 8.0-year nld mIstreSS, who was said to be suffering great pam ID her left hip Seeking the cause, I was told that the old lady had had no fall or blow; that a few minutes previously she had risen from her chair in the breakfast· room and had stretched herself whilst yawning; and that since that moment she had been in great pain.

I at once advised the mad to fetch from upstaIrs a mattre ss, on which we placed the patient, whose lower limbs we tie d together before moving her from the chair. The? t he bandages, I noticed that the left foot Immediate ly turned towards its outer side and seemed shorter than the right. When I observed these facts I re-tied the bandage s, wrapped my patient up warmly, and went off. for the doct or On arrival he confirmed my diagnOSIs of a Simple fracture of neck of due (curiously enough) to muscular action and also my treatment, in that he insisted on the patient being put to bed in the breakfast room where she lay. Unfortunate ly the old lady died a few days later from shock due tu accident -L. R., Charlton Park.

Cn Tuesday, Oltober 25th, at 8 p. m , Dr. Corb et Fletcher begins a course of lectures for men on " FIrst Aid to Injured," at tha Y.M.C.A. Hall, I, Willoughby-roa d, Hampstead (close to Hampstead Tube Station). Tbos e interested are invited tu join this class, th ;: fee for which (including examination) is 55.

When corres-ponding with Advertisers please mention "Pirst Aid

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug a.pp ointments, promotions. transfers and resignations :-

No T DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

Horseferry Division. - Morgan Ignatius Finucane, M. R.C.S., L.R.C. P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4.8.21

Mr. David M. Watson to be Honorary President and -:\iessrs. William Lyle Galbraithe ann Robert William Foot to be Honorary Vice-Presidents, 4.8.21

No. 7 r (TottenhanJ) DIVIsion. - Pte. Harry Gretton

Cot trell to be Ambulance Officer, 19 9.21

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Bournemouth Division. -Charles George Hugh Morse,

M.R.l., S. L.RC .P. , to be Divisional Supt., 27.9.21

City of Bristol Corps.-The Ean Beauchamp, K.G.,

K.C. M.G., P.C., to be Honorary PreSident, 28.92 [

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Leicester Corps (Wigston Midland Railway Division).-

Francis Stedman Poole, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.P., to be Divisional 2 [ 9.21

North vVorcestershire Corps ( Langley and District Divisio n ). -CarpI. Charles Greaves, to be Divisional Supt., 2392 r

Dudley and District Corps ( Netherton DivislOn).-Ambulance Officer John Albert Harris to be Divisional Supt., 8. 10.21

NO. 4 DISTRICT.

Colne Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. E. Taylor res ig ned, 16.9.2 [

Lady Ambulance Officer Sarah Ann Hartley to be Lady Divisional Supt., 6.9.2

Morecambe Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. E. Disney transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 5.9.21

Fleetwood Nursing Dlvision.-LadAmbulance Officer Ada Walker to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5-4.21

Tydlesley Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mary Gaskell to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.4.2

Birkenhead Corps.-Divisiunal Surge()D James RatcliffeGaylard, M.D, L,RC.P., L.RC.S.. to be Corps Supt., 1·9'21

Liverpool Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

S. Clarke reverts to Ambulance Sister at own request, 26-4. 21

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Derby Division.-Staff SergI. Fred Appleby Grice to be Ambulance Officer, 28.9.21

Silverdale Division.-Pte. Ernest Ford to be Ambulance Officer, 28.9 21

Pontefract Corps (Featherstone Division).-Pte. Arthur Leyland to be Ambulancr Officer, 29.9.21

Eccleshill Division.-Staff Sergt Sydney Firth to be Ambulance Officer, 27 .9. 21

Ambulance Officer H. C. Crapps transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 6.9.21

Leeds Corps (Holbeck and Huns\et Division ).-John Jones Crawford, M.D., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 29· 8 2T

North Staffs Railway Corps (Caldon Low Division ).-

James Thomas Bridge Hall, il1.B., Ch.C., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 7.9.2 I

Earby Nursing Divlsion. - Lad y Divisional Supt. MISS Lily Standen resigned, 5.10.2 [

Den::tby Main Corps.-Benjamin Hadfield to be Corps Officer, I.10.21

Rotherham Corp3.-Divisional Sup t. George Wyeshall to be Corps Supt., l. 10.21

Bradford Corp· - Staff S ergI. Joseph H III to be Corps S ergt. Major, 29.8.21

No.6 DISTRICT.

Divisional Supt. A. L. Scott-Owen to be District Officer, 27.9. 21

Gateshead Nursing Division.- - Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Thirlwell resigned, I.g.21

North Tyneslde Corps (Whitl ey Bay and Monkseaton Division.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Lowe resigned, 5.IO.21 Winlaton Nursing Dlvlsion.-Lady DIVIsional Supt. Mrs. E. Gibson reverts to Lady Ambulance Officer at own request, 5· IO 21

Dean and Chapter Division.- William Mather to be Ambulance Officer, 4.10.21

Hull Corps (W estern Division).-Sergt. Edward Linward to be Ambulance Officer, 4.10.21

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Guildford Corps (CamberJey aud FrimJey Division).Brig.-General Ernest Augustus Tudor Tudor, C. M. G., to be Divisional Supt., 6.9.21

No. 12 DISTRICT.

St. James's Gate Division.-Divisional Supt. G. Dick transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.9.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT

Chatham Division.- Pte. Arthur Cromwell Btlchtr to be Ambulance Ofucer, 27.9.21

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : No. DISTRICT' Horseferry Division.-Sanctioned, 4. 8 21

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Y.W.C.A. Division.-Re-named Birmingham Central Nursing Division, 21 9. 21

4 DISTRICT.

Carnforth Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 23.9. 21 Liverpool Civic --Disbanded, 3092 I Birkenhead Boro' Dlvlslcn.-Dlsbanded, 20.9. 21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Hoyland Sdkstone Colliery Divis io.n.-Disbanded, 9. 21 Rockingham CollIery Dlvlslon.-DIsbanded, 20.9. 21 Allerton Red Triangle 27.9. 21

No.6 DISTRICT.

Durham City Division.-Disbanded, 5 1021

Peases West and District Division -Olsbanded, 5· IO 2 r Littletown and Sherburn Dlvision.-Disbandtd, 5· TO 21 Shotton Colliery Division.-Disbanded, 5. 10 21 Harraton Colliery Division.-Disbanded, 5 10.21

DEATHS.

Divisional Surgeon F. G. Burnham, Wath-on-Dearne Division, Denaby Main Corps, T\1ay, 192

D ivisional Supt. A. H. Pickup, Sedgeley D ivision, August 1921

Divisional Surgeon Dr. Pratt, Wigston Midland Railway Division, Leicester Corps, August, 1921

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel),' Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING Septem ber 33 V A. D. Nursing Mem bers we re posted to Ministry of Pensions' Hospitals.

Applications by ex-Service wom en for free passag es in connection with the Society for the Overseas Settl ement of British women, number :r,2II.

All V. A. D. mem bers are reminded that applications for free passages for themselves and their dependents to anothe r part of the Empire must be received by the Women's Branch, Ov er seas Settlement Office, 5th Floor, Hotel Victoria-stre et, S. W. I, b e fore December 30th of thIS year. The necessary forms-O.s. 2-may be had on application to the Secretary, V.A. D. Department, 19, Berkeley-street, \V.I, and when completed should be returned to the Secretary.

Our attention has been drawn by the Ministry of Lg,bo.ur to the leaflet, w?ich we publish h e rewith; as V.A. D. In receipt of a disability pension are eligible for tralnmg referred to, their attention is dra wn to the clOSIng date.

The attention of all V.A.D. Member!; is drawn to the insertion with regard t.o St. Helena's, 24 & 26, Earl's Avenue, Folkestone, which appears in anoth e r part of this Journal.

Monday, September 26th, was an in! eresting landfor. members, as on this day the last V.A.D. Unrt servIng In France returned to the United Kingdom for demobilisation.

Mem?ers hav e served continually with His Majesty s Troops In France and Flanders since August 12th, 1914.

charge of the Unit which returned on Monday MISS M.argaret M, Suding, who serv ed as a Head Cook In the ScottIsh Red Cross Hospital Rouen for over a year at the of the war. Late; she a Head Cook

Be rnngton W.ar Hospital and Prees Heath Camp Hospltal for a .considera?le timf'. She proceeded to France once more III Ig17 WIth the rank of Unit Superintendent and was in due course promoted t o the rank of mandant. was "Mentioned in Despatches" in July IgI9. It will be seen that Miss Suding has serv e d as V.A.D. Member and Officer since IgI4, and those working her have been devoted to her and owe her a debt of gratItude her unfail ing efforts on their behalf. Unfo rtunat.ely MISS. S.uding is on the list at present, having an Injury to her ankle 10 the course of her duti es 10 but It is hoped that wh en she is rested and we ll a&aIn that she will cont inue her activities in connection With Voluntary Aid Detachments.

It is hoped that the ent ire Staff und e r Miss Russell Lee at St. H.elena's, Folkestone, will be composed of mem bers of thIS last French Unit, who will then continue to serve together for a further period.

It is wit? de ep regret that we have to announce th e death of MISS Norah Whelan, iate London Reserve,

R R.C.S. Miss Whelan served in the Royal Herb ert Hospital, Woolwich, but unfortunately developed an incu rcomplaint. She was conveyed home to her residen ct;: in Wat p. rford, where she died at the end of S e ptember.

FREE TRAININ G FO R NUR SES IN RECEIPT OF A DI SABILITY PENSI ON U NDER THE ROYAL WARRANT

The Ministry (;f Labour announces the closing d at e f?r the receipt of applications for training in some occup a· tlOn other than nursing from Nurses in receipt of a Di sability Pension, who by reason of any disablem!::nt due t J war service are unable to return to their pre-war occupation

Applications for consideration under the Schem e which allows for the payment of training fees and n a nc e allowance in addition to pension, must reach th e Controller, Women's Training Branch, Disabled Nurses Ministry of Labour, St. Ermin's, Caxton-street Londo n' S.W,I, on or before October 31St, 1921, except that;-

(1) Nurses who may be demobilised after t h at date may apply within three month<; of the date of demobilisation.

(2) Nurses who on that date are in attendan ce e ither at a Convalescent Centre of the Ministry of Pensions or as in-patients at a Hospital of th e Wa r Office or Ministry of Pensions, may apply with in thre e months of discharge from th e Centre or Hospital

We are informed b y the Secretary of the Joint and V.A.D. Committee of the United Services Fund th at St. Helena's, 24 & 26, Earl's Avenue, Folkestone, of whi ch we pu blished photographs in our last issue, will be op en to guests in about a fortnights' tim e.

St. Helena's will be a R e st and Holiday Hotel fo r members of the following services, who served in the Gr ea t War or are still serving ;-

Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service an d its R ese rve.

Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursin g Servic e and its R e serve.

Territorial Force Nursing S e rvice.

Royal Air Force Nursing Service.

Ministry of Pensions Nursing Service.

Members of Military Nursing Services of the Dom inions.

Mem bers of Voluntary Aid Detachments.

Members of Joint War Committee Nursing Service.

Miss Russell Lee, RR.C., late Q.A.I.M N S , and M.P.N.S. has been appointed Warden.

Th e re will be accommodation for 30 guests Tb e majority of the rooms are single ones, altbuugh there are a fe w to take 2 guests

The Hotel has been purchased by the Committee and has been entirely redecorated, and is beautifully furnish ed. There is a Drawing Room, Reading Room, Dining Roo m, Smoking Room, and there are 4 Bathrooms

Th e charges, which will be inclusive of everythin g, e xcept meals served in bedrooms, will be £2 lOS or £3 a week according to the room. Meals will be served In bedrooms at the cost of IS

Earls Avenue is in a very central part of Folkeston e 3 minute s from the Lees, and conveniently situated for church and theatre. There are numerous excursions to historical places in the neighbourhood, and more enterpr ising guests can cross in the day to Boulogn e and back.

Applications for accommodation should be address ed to the Ward e n, St. Helena's, 24 & 26, Earls Avenu e, Folkestonc.

October, Ig2 I. -FIRST

The London and North= Western Railway Ambulance Centre.

A RI!-TROSPEC'l.

THE history of the Am b ulance Association of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England forms an ideal example of a great achievement arising from a small beginning, Few indeed of e ven the enthusiastic First-Ai ders, and certainly no one unconnected with th e Movement, could con ceive th e giant strides of progress which have been ma d e. It was only so recently as 1877 that the St. John Amb ulance Association cam e into existe nce, although som e seve n yf'ars earlier a semi-official start had been made by purchas e of two ambulance litters from Germany Wlth m a few years, how eve r, Centres were in existence in ma ny parts of England, and first-aid work was taken up with enthusiasm by all classes. In 1887 the members of the Ambulance Corps made their first official appearance as part of th e general police arrangements in connection with the assemblage of crowds on days of public proCtS<; ions, &c. The value of the services rendered on June 2 1St, 1887, on the occasion of Q ue e n Vi ctoria ' s Jubilee was fully realised, and now on all such occasions familiar uniform of the St. John Ambulance Brigad e is n :! ver absent.

The Movement, thus start e d in a small and unohtrus ive mann er, gradually increased its scop e, and in 1896 10 order to further enc ourage their employees to take up the study of ambulance work, th e Directors of the L & N. W. Railway instituted an ambulance competition, prese nting a handsome Shield to be competed fo r by teams compo sed of North-Western Railwa ymen attending ambulan ce classes. For th e purpose of this Comp e titi on the whole line was divided into eleven se ctions and a prelimi nary competition held in each district, the district cham pions aft:::rwards competing t ogether. The first Final Com petition was held at Crewe on October 2gth, 1896, the Earles town team being declared the winners, and with the e xc e ption of a break from Ig15 to Iglg on account of the wa r, the Chall e nge Shield Competition has been successfull y held every year.

The formation of this Am bulanee Competition drew atte ntion to th e number of railway men who wer e already firs t-a iders, and in March 1897 sanction was for the formation of an Ambulance Centre in conmction with the L. & N. W. Railway. Additional enco u rage ment was for thcommg in th e inauguration by the St. John Am bu lance As sociation in the sam .e year of the Inter -Railway Ambulan ce Competition, a challenge shield being offer e d for com petition among the railways of England and Wales. He re it may b e said that to th e Gr eat Eastern Railway fell the honour of capturing the shi e ld for the first two yea rs of the comp e tition, but in 1899 th e L. & N.W. Railway tea m (Wolverton) was successful, and also agai n in 19 0 9 ( Wolverhampton),

For the first few years. how ever , little progress, e xcept in connection with the annual competition was realised :il S reg ards the L & N.W. Railway Centre, but in Ig03 a more de cided effort was made with very e ncouraging results. F rom that date it can be confidently said that the Moveme nt has never looked back. Naturally th e period of th e wa r was a critical time, and owing to practically all the yo nng heing with th e Colours, it was le ft to th e 010

A I D.- ss

stal wart s, by the of their few leisur e moments, to keep alive the coolmg em bers of the railway first-aid cause.

The return of the men from the Colours proved a strong stImulant and onc.e is taking its proper plac e among th e various mstltutlOns of the Railway Company. A glance at the table given below will show more graphically than any words, th e manner in which has the which hav e been put forward smce the ArmistIce. Such success can only be achieved by the whole-hearted co-operation of all members concerned, and great praise is due to the Class Secretaries and Instructors on whose shoulders falls the bulk of the work.

Year Ending Junt>. No. of Classes. 1st Y ear Certificates. No. Qualified by Re-examination

40 418 I,lOO 1921 11 8 1.7 8 5 1 937

Smce th e inauguration of the L. & N. W. Railway Cel1tre no fewer. than classes have been successfully conducted, and In addltlon numerous re-examinations have been held. separate from the Classes, In all 15,250 first year certIfic a tes have been issued together WIth 6 89 1 vouchers, 4,854 medallions and 15,958 labels.

The num ber of cases reported in which first-aid been ren d ered by ambula nc e men durin g the year ending June 1921 is 7,600 (inclUding over 120 cases of treatment rendered to members of the travelling public) as against 5,600 during the previous year. When it is realised that every day more than 20 men on the L , & N.W, Railway alone receiv e treatment for injury or illness, some idea may be gained of the importance of a knowledge of first-aid, and, al thou gh it may be stated that the majority of these cases are of a trifling nature, there is unfortunately only t oo large anum ber of serious accidents, and cas es are not infrequent of the life of the patient having been saved by the efficient imm€diate treatme nt rendered

Again, in the Competitions, a 6reat recovery has been witnessed, but here naturally greater difficult ies are experienced. Competition teams are composed of men who have been ambulance enthusiasts for many years, and five years of war, which were almost barren as regards new recruits, caused a great decline in the number of available men with su fficient experience for work. But as 109 teams entered the competition this year-an advance of 38 over 1920-it is not unreasonable to hope that next year even the high r eco rd o f Ig1 I, when 131 teams entered the lists, will be surpassed, and the r ealisation of this high ideal will be a fitting monument to the work which has been done duri ng th e twenty-five year existence of the L. & N.W. Railway Ambulance Centre.

The first report of British Red Crescent Society since Ig14 shows tha t its activitIes hav e ranged" from the Adriatic to th e Tigris, from the Caucasus to the Levant." The first incident 10 the war to come within th e scope of the Society'S operations occurred with th e arrival of the Indian regiments in France, many of whom were Moslems. The Society supplied a motor am bulance and quantities of warm clothing. Help was next given to th e Moslem civil population through a large area in Eastern Antolia, and large sums were despLltched for relief.

-FIRST

AI D.- October, 1921. honorary medical officer, and was also periodically inspected.

***

In presenting our annual review of the Queries a nd Practical Points columns, we desire, on behalf of o ur re aders and ourselves, heartily to congratulate Dr. Cor bet Fl e tcher on his complete recovery from his recent ope ration, apd cordially to acknowledge his continued kindn ess in taking charge of these columns since without h is ge nerous and gratuitous assistance we should be at a loss to d e al with the technical problems raised therein.

***

The ever- i ncre asing popularity of these columns IS most e ncouraging, and we note that during the last twe lve months the doctor has answered no less than 89 Queries, ab o ut four times our pre-war average, of which 22 referred to fractur es and dislocations, 12 to insensibility and shock, I to b::emorrhage and wounds, 7 each to ayphyxia, poiso ning and scalds, and the remainder to various items, such as history, bandaging, competitions, training of teams, &c , We have also published 26 Practical Points, and comm end this column to our read e rs, without whose co-operatio n it cannot be carried on

Brevities.

A letter appears in our co l umns t h is m o nth a ddress e d to memb t rs of the Prince o f Wal e s' s Co rps, sugg e sting that a club sh ould be furmed for Warran t Offi cers and S e rg e ants. The p rimary object of t he club is to bring the m e mbers cl o ser t o gethcr by mean s o f socia l functions and oth e rwis e Thi s is a n o bject th a t s hould be e ncouraged and we wish t he Club s ucc e ss.

Tne work o f th e B ilim ingham Branch of the Red Cro ss S ociety in se n d ing d is charged men in need of rest a nd c hange o f au to c o nv a lesc e nt homes in North Wales. is no w com p le t e. A ll th e men on the waiting list have be e n ben e fitt e d, th e fund s have b ee n spent, and the honorary nrga n isin g se cr e t a r y o f t he branch, Mr. E. C. Th o mas, h as r t. sign e d. Th e sche me began in 1917, when Mr. T h o mas was a pproacbe d about it. The cbairman, Mr. Art h ur a nd his committee gave active support, and thr ee m e n were se n t to Aberystwyth as an e xperimen. this wa s so s ucc ess ful that eventually nine homes were e st a bl is h e d, wh ic h provided an after-cure holiday for 1,25 0 me n. Eac h hom e , which was personally supervised from headquarte rs, poss e ssed an honorary representative and an

The Railways Grouping Bill has been designed with the object of simplifying control, for attaining great er unity and commons e nse in inte r-company organisati on Und e r the grouping schem e the railways of England ar e divid e d into four groups, viz., the North-Western and M idland, North-Eastern, Western and Southern. Several o f our readers have asked us what is the position of the Ra ilway and Inter-Railway Competitions under this n ew candidly, at the moment we do not know, for it is yet too early to say how the whole scheme will operate, we und e rstand that the Railway Centre Secretaries will shortly b e holding a meeting to discuss this question.

In relation to the well-merited honour which has been conferred upon members of th e City and Metropolitan Special Constabulary Forces for constant and arduo us duti e s voluntarily rendered during the war period, consid erable int e rest has been aroused by correspondence wh ich has appeared in the Daily Press regarding the claim of t he London Transport Column to like recognition. Colon el P. Broome Giles, in urging the granting of a medal, poin ts out that the London Transport Column was mobilised in August, 1914, and demobilised in June, 1919, duri ng which period they moved 734,861 sick and wound ed soldiers sent home to London hospitals. Colonel Gil es adds that at the final inspection in June, 1919, in Hyd e Park, the General Officer Commanding the London Co mmand, said "Colonel Broome Giles, apart from th e philanthropic work of your unit , you have saved th e country some £ 1,324,000.

Common Errors in First=Aid.*

By N CORBET FLETCHER, M.B , B.A , B.c., Cant a b" M R.C .S ., Eng

CHAP TER I. - INTRODUCTORY.

WH ILE we agr e e with Pope that " T o er r is hu m an ," ye t we know that effi c ient First Aid a ll o ws little or no scop e for e rrors, le st this kind of as sistance - instead of "preven ting aggravati o n of i n jury or condition " - - actually precip itat e aggrav a t ion For th is r e as o n errors in F ast Aid mus t, if comm i tt e d, on ly be trifl in g i n character ; and a tab ul a t ed list t h e .mist a k es, wh ich in a hng e xp erience I h av e see n F Ir st-A ld e rs ma k e in s p ite of clear instructio ns of the T e xtb ook, may be bo th int e res ting and instr uctive.

To classify se ri e s s ystem a t ica ll y, I purpos e usin g the k e y-word , whIch fig ures as th e s ch elJl e (or t he T d. b lts of Co ntents in my Aids to Ftrst-Aid and Why and Whe r e fore i n F z'rst- A £d- vl z. , MISHAPS, sinc e thIS word can be to c o ve.r all the c ommo n e m e rge nci es of life with FIrst-AId has to d e al, and compris es Maims, InsenSIbIlI ty, Scalds, ot?er .l ocal i n juries, H ::e morrhage and Asph YXIa, POIsonm g an d S hock. : B (o r e p ro c t edi n g t o wo rk ou t d e tails under this scheme. we must pause t o consider thr e e common error s wit h r e fe re nce to th e T e xtbook itself

.!fi r st, I am astounded at the numbe r of students who fon dly imagine that, havi ng once m a st e r e d the book, th e y no fu r th er n ee d fo r any r e v ision. Knowledg e is elu sIve ; and , we r ea d th e T e xt boo k again a n d ag ain we forg e t m a ny po1Ot s an d ca nn o t a void m 1kmg m stak es I ndet d , I m ake a ? ra cti ce o f r ea diI?g it throu g h carefully a t least onc e a se SSIOn an d of r e fe rrIng to it on innumerable occasi o ns so t h a t I ma y k ee p m y memory fr e sh on t he standard of knowl e d gt:! se t ou t ther ei n. S ero ndly , many Fi rst-Aiders fail to appreciat e th e sche me on which the T e xtbook is based, a nd to realise tha t in 1. it e m p h as is e s t lze p r ess£ng need fo r and the p r ime impo r tance of defi n ite Pn ncipl e s, whIle m the subs e que n t C hapters it lays down Ge neral Rules only fo r the tr ea tm e nt of various condi.ti ons. The net result of t hi s arrangem e nt is that, if a FIr st- AI der would be t ruly effici en t, h e must combine Ch apter I. wi t h each and eve ry Chapt e r which follows in ord er throu g h Q ualific a tions as an exponent of Fir st-AId, he may modIfy the General Rul e s in accordance wit h Principles .as circumst a nces may require. , some stud e nts- forgetful of the emphatic Te xtbook warning on thi s point (p. 2 I)-follow the Textbo ok too Slavishly in its instructIOns, e ven to the extent of lea rning off it.s ve ry words, .line aft e r page after page, an d of repeatmg th e same 10 parrot-lIke fashion. Ind e ed I h ave before now r e cognised the stream of words which po.uring out in examination, and have trapped hIm by mterJectmg a remark which disturbed the mechanis m of his m e mory and c a used him to re p eat himself by star ting afresh from the b e ginning. If such a man could rea lise what the Qualification-" explicit "-means he w? uld scom t?ese parrot -like re petitions and would hIS Textbook In such a way that he would make its facts an d instructions his own property and would thereby be

. * Me ss rs. Bal e Son and Daniel ss on, L td ., hope to issue hese articles, when complete, in book torm.

- -

able to th e m out, wh e n re quir ed, in his own words an d I?terleaving them (if th is be nat ur a l to his co n verWIth a fe w unprinta b le strong adj ec ti ves If he d id thIS, then h e would not rattl e off st e ck phr a s es-e g "I wo uld be resourceful," "Tr e at S h ock, " " R emovt - u nless he adds fur t h er explanat io ns as to v.hat he really m e ans In th e s pe Cial c ir c u ms tances u nder discussion. N e xt, with re ference to the. "S ur roundings" exper;e nce prov es tha t m any s t ud en ts fall to appreciate ho w th ese control .th e t reat m e nt ? f emergency, Agai n they do not realise ( I ) tha t ?ere In IS th.e. ke y to the COTI e ct h andling of 10 com pe t it Io n ; (2) that th e allocation of th e va n o u s Ite ms t o in divi d ual membe rs of the team will mi n imi se th e ris k of fo rge tt in g es sential details' and (3) th a t, in s h ort, (( Surro u ndings" are to a Stretche; Test what " Q ua lific a t ions " a r e to the Gene ral Rules. In this conn e ct IO n t h ree further and vtry common faults suggest thems e lv e s _

Fzrst, in spi t e of Textbook instructions how often doe s it t hat th e last person whom the ambulance man wants t o see at the place of the emergency is the d o ct o r ! O n the other hand, an fficient FIrst-Aider solv es at tlze (Jutset of his t reatmlllt th t. dual problem of transp u rl a nd avail a bili t y of medical aid.

Secondly, some men (in examination, at any rate) are orte n t oo quick in c. se n ding for the doctor," whereas th e T e xt boo k do fi n itely lay s it down that they must "exercise d iscretion" as to whether the doctor is summoned to patient o r th e pat ien t .is to the do ctor. The latter step, whe.n IS Ideal mo d e of pro cedure and is certainly adVisabl e WIt h c h ll d r en a n d all minor injuries T hir dly , I would emphasise the fact that doctors are i n th e habi of u sing the term s-" signs " and" symptoms" - as id e n ti.cal and. and that consequently a candId a te In exammatlOn wIll be well advised in making sure wh et h e r or no his eXaminer recognises the precise distincti o ns bet wee n these two terms as set out In the Text?o ok I wou ld also emphasise the oft-forgotten warnIn g of th e T extbook , that-the prime object of Firstbemg prevention of aggravat£on of injury or condition, which phr ase su m s up concisC::lY the opemng pages of the Textbook-a First-Alder has a duty toward hImself as well as toward pat ie n t and bystanders; and that, as we used to t e ach in t h e d ays of air- rai ds, a n ambulance man is wanted a;ttr and not before the bow b drops, Since, )f injured, he wuu ld b!;! uf lilde or no assistance!

The • Princ iple s of First-Aid," though clearly and distinctly se t out in t he Textbook, are oftw misunderstood a nd give r ise to erro rs, espe c ially, in the following points.

Thus, so me stud ents believe t hat h::emorrhage must invariably be contr ol le d b efore any oth e r treatment is commenced. As a fa c t, t h e Textbook rfads "severe hremonhage must r e cei ve the first attent ion "-i. e, rapid and profuse bl e edin g , whi ch c arries with it immediate and remote dangers to h te

Again, b e for e beginni n g Artifi ci al Respiration, many forg e t that purity of t he air is as imp or tant a s the po sition of pati e nt, abs e nc e o f obstruc tt on t o a ir-pass ages, and corre ctness of move me nt s in imitation ot breath ing.

Again, the instru c t io n s as t o "Rest" are all too fr e quently ignored an d t h e posi ti on of t he patient is thoughtlessly alte red t o su it t he a m b u la nc e m an's c onveni ence-in spite o f th e em p h ati c warni n g s of the Textbook (pp. 18 and 23 ). T h u s, a sk e d in e xami n ation to t reat a fracture or a burst var icose vein, so me s tu den t s begi n by m akz'ng t h e p a tie nt stand up ! Th ey for get t hat in each case the pati e nt is suffering from Shock, th e con -

sequences of which may lead to aggravation of original condition-be this a fractured skull from a fall or IDcreased loss of blood [rom the varicose velD as a sequel to the erect position. In practice, however, the first step at all times should be to seltct the position-oftell assltm ed Il a til ra 1(1 by tlze patient-in which the comfort of patient and part IS most t"asily secured.

Again, with refer e nce to "Removal of Clothing," the Textbook assumes that students will endeavour to remove the clothes of patients skillfully by ordinary methods before resorting to scissors and slitting the seams of coat, trousers, &c. Otherwise, as the pioneer am bulance men were called" Body Snatchers," the modern First- Aiders may find themselves dubbed "Tailors' Touts."

Lastly, as to ., Stimulants" it is perhaps worthy of notice that the six substitutes suggested in place of the alltoo-popular alcohol include direct (e.g., tea, c.offee, volatile) as well as illdt'red methods of stimulatlOn which act on the brain through certain special organs-for example, stomaclz (hot drinks), ?l os e (smelling salts), skz:n (sprinkling flce), bloo d v essels &c. 1!urthe!, It IS ,liso worthy of notice that POlsonmg by PruSSIC ACld and Cyanide of Potassium are the only conditions for which the administration of alcohol is recommended in the Textbook. Personally, I count among the "Errors of First Aid" the habit, which many ambulance men acquire, of placing too much reliance on Sal Volatile. All too frequently this stimulant (which, curiously enough. contains ten times as much pure alcohol as ammoma) IS administere.d long before the patient is either placed in comfortable position or covered up warmly in treatment of Shock. Perhaps it is worth noting (I) that the official dose of Sal Volatile is half-a-teaspoonful for repeated and and from one to one-and-a-half teaspoonfuls fOI sillg!e administrations; (2) that in most emergencies the smallt;r dose is sufficient and can in any case be repeated when necessary; and (3) that it should be diluted and admistered in sips

CHAPTER n.-MAIMS.

A maim being "the loss of an essential part," this Chapter deals with Fractures of bones, Dislocations and Sprains of joints, injuries which by their frequent occurrence provide most work for (and interest among) First-Aiders, and with these many errors! !

(a) FRACTURES.

The signs of fracture are a source of error with some students who should realise that tlzese vary with tlte part involved, i.e., skull, trunk, and limbs l and consequtntly present general and special signs. The General Signs consist of three sets of three: ([) pain, swelling, loss of power, which are constant but 2t1/certain since they may be found with other injurie!); (2) deformity (including shortening and irregularity), crepitus, and mobility which are certain lm t inconstant signs of fracture; and (3), history, marks un skin or clothing, and snap of bone heard or felt. Amongst the special signs, insensibility, bleeding from lungs, &c., are typical examples.

Failure to tie reef knots is a common error which is fostered by reliance on rule of thumb methods (e.g , " right over left.") If, however, a student realises that a reef knot must have two parallel strands above one loop and two parallel strands under the other, then he can "exercise obs e rvation'l and learn both to tie reef knots and also to check them by his senses of touch and sigltt.

The arm-slings from neglect of the Textbook instructions are often a source of error because they are not started

Had the Textbook told male students to take a

AI D.- October, I921.

man as model for the St. John sling and a pretty girl for the large and small slings, perhaps the difficulties hav e disappeared! With the former the student keeps hiS model at arm's length and places one end of bandage on th e shoulder of uninjured side; with the latter two he mus t come close and plate his arm round the lady's neck so that one end of bandage may be placed beyond the should e r of injured side. Started thus correctly the armslings become simple!

The small arm-sling is the broad bandage; but man y insist incorrectly on putting up a narrow bandage and so fail to give proper support to the limb. Further, th e patient's comfort requires that the front edge of the sma ll arm-sling should exactly coincide with the root of his littl e fip..ger. By the way, the knots of slings an1 dressin g bandages are placed on injured side and covered up, wher e possible.

In Treatment of Fractures of lower limb stud e nt s sometimes talk glibly about "extension." The Textboo k reads-" place limb in as natural a position as possible "an d adds three qualt/icatt'o1Zs :-( I) with great care (2 ) without using force; and (3) without letting go until lim b is controlled by splints , In this connection remembe r that the uninjured limb is usually available as a guide, an d that this extension of a fractured limb (as experienc e teaches) may be a most difficult proposition owing to th e spasmodic contraction of the irritated muscles (especiall y those of thigh) which can in many instances only be ove rcome by administration of chloroform.

Further, to attempt extension (If compound fracture of lower limbs is a grave error for the following reason s. Thus (I) First-Aid duties are limited to prevention of furthe r mischief, save under exceptional circumstances when lI fe is at stake, as in Asyhyxia; (2) actz've interferen en the danf;ers of hremorrhage and shock, qmt e apart fro lll aggravation of fracture; (3) special antiseptic precautt'ons a rt required with compound fractures, especially if eIther fra gment protrude-both to counteract any existent and als o to anticipate any subsequent septic infection; and ( 4) extension requires expert knowledge of anatomy and sk ill in the necessary mampulutions, b')th of which are beyon d the most highly trained First-Aider.

With Fractured Base of Skull signs of concussion or compression of brair, are usually present, though oft en omitted in error by candidates in examination; and th e signs of hremorrhage may lie absent, since the latter depen d on the position of the fracture and its relations to th e openings in base of skull leading to eye, ear, &c.

With Fractured Ribs the large sling is necessary ev ell when patient is recumbent, because it helps to keep th e ribs at rest by controlling the muscl e s attached to ribs an d humerus. Again, by inclining patient "a little" towar ds the injured side, greater freedom of movement is obtain td for the uninjured lung, on the activity of which the nec es sary supply of oxygen depends more than usual. Furth er, by a "little" I understand a blanket folded three tim es and placed as a pillow feollgtltwise along the patienes back With Fracturtd Clavicle-which is often accompani ed by partial loss of power-three e rrors are commonly mad e.

First, sume students forget to remove the coat (witho ut which step the efficient application of pad in axil a l is said to be impossible) and to loosen the brace which m ay be pressing on the fracture. Secondly, many students too small an axillary pad (which serves as fulcrum for lev ering out shoulder) in place of a pad the size of a pr ewar bath-bun (4 in. X 2 in.), and so fail to bring the tw o fragments together when the St. John sling is applied.

7ltinl(1', most students omit the final arljustn1ent of arO) -

October, 192 I. -FIRST

slin.g s? necessary patients comfort and the testing of patIent s pulse for eVIdences of possible obstruction to the of lim b. By-the-way, clothing is not removed for Simple fractures, except tlzose of Clavicle and Metatarsus.

With Fractured Humerus-when splints are not available-the broad bandages should b," applied "above and b elow fracture,)' as for Fractured Ribs. Shortening is usually most IT)arked with fractures of Humerus and Femur.

With fr.actured the broad blndage is usually place.d t?O high Ignorance of the anatomical points. A tatlortng suggestion, therefore, may assist in avoiding very common error! the mouth of the patient's Side-trouser pocket be exammed, the top of it will usually be found to correspond with the crest of the haunch-bone a nd th e bottom with the prominence on head of femur, If t h.e broad ban?age b.e placed betwee n these points, then FnstAlder and patIent Will both be pleased!! Tne First-Aider will that that the broken pelvis is controlled; and th e patient that no-one can place a hand in his trouser p ockets! ! !

With Fractured Femur shortening is commonly p re sent. In treatment, however, extension will probably re quire :' much force,". as has been noted, and is usually best aVOIded by FIrSt-Alders, because it will involve waste of time and delayed removal while it may increase consi derably the patient's pain and the risks of aggravating th e Further, many students apply a long inner sp hnt, l.e., from fork to foot. This is an error as judged by the Textbook, which requires a short splint from fork to ju st above knee, though I p e rsonally regard the long splint as treatment from the First-Aid point of view.

WIth Fractured Patella the limb is, as the Textbook te aches, usually "9uit.e helpless." The patient may, howpver, try to move hIS 11mb and so cause separation of the br oken fragments by muscular action. This must at all co sts be prevented by keeping patient in semi-recumbent po sition and his lz'mb fully extended and raised. Further, patella is b?ne. and the bandages must be kept m clOSe appOSItion to It, If the fracture is to be properly co n trolled.

(b). DISLOCATIONS AND SPRAINS.

Three mistakes are commonly made by students in their treatment of dislocations and sprains of joints. flt'rst, they fre quently forget that separate rules are laid down for indoor an d outdoor emergencies, and more frequently still that the fo rmer prevail, when the patient has betn removed to his ho me, and consequently. be relieved of splints, ba ndages, &c. they fat! to realise that a cold wa ter dressing applied to the body quickly becomes warm an d that such should be re-soaked in cold water at least eve ry five minutes in order to bring about "continuous " ap plication of cold. Thi1'd{J , they are apt to overload a joint with a heavy splint and to omit the padding IS so necessary to fill out and support a dislocated JOint.

(To be continued.)

. -, -

Messrs Reynolds & Branson, Ltd., r 3, Briggate, Le eds, have just issued a new catalogue of First Aid R e quisites. It contains many new features which will be of much interest to first aiders, and all those in chargp. of Ambulance Stations and Divisions should write to the firm for a copy.

AID.- 59 J\mbulance.

S E. & C. .Railway Centre believ e s in proVIdtn.g novel and tnstructive entertamments for its members. To lOaugurate the winter's work, therefore, Dr. Corbet Fletcher journeyed to Ashford on Tuesday, Sept. 27 th , and gave a lecture on "Some Errors in First Aid" which he illustrated with his exc ellent series of limelight' lantern slides The event was an unparalled success' and the men who turned up in their hundreds, filled' the large As.sembly Hall .to its utmost capacity and thoroughly enJoyed a most mteresting and instructive demonstration of often made by First Aiders. It must be gratlfYlDg to the lecturer to learn that after a nin e ty minute lecture, the men were ready and anxious to listen to him for a further hour.

The annual Church parade of the S. E. & C.R. Dlstnct at St.. .Eaton-square, on Sunday, Octob er 9 th , was a stnklOg testImony to the ever growing strength of the brigade on this railway.

S?m t:! twenty-thre e divisions attended, representing Faversham, Hither Green, Redhill, Chatham, HastlOgs, Orpington, Addiscome, Tonbridg e, Queensborough, Brtcklayerls Arms, Ashford-station, Asbfordworks, South Ashford, Wellsboro', Ashford Town, North Kent, Aldershot, Seven Oaks, Reading; Dover, Deal and Walmer, together with visitors from other districts.

When the parade moved off from Victoria StatlOD, headed by the S. E. & c. R. military band, approximately fi ve hundr e d of all ranks wer e und e r the com mand of the J?istrict Officer B. Hemphr€:y, M.B.E., assist ·:!d by DiviSupt W. C. Banks. Reaching Eaton-square by a clrcmtous route the blazing sunshine helped to make a spectacle as the parade was drawn up for lOspectlOn.

In the unavoidable absence o-rthe Chief Commissioner, the Inspecting Officer was Lieut. Col. C. B Palmer, C.B.E., D.L, J.P., Knight of Grace.

Accompanied by Commissioner E. A. Richards, Col. Palmer the parade to a very careful insp e cti o n and at the conclusion of the service he took salute outside St. Petel's.

For the service, specially printed pamphlets were circulated to the congregation, who joined ve ry heartily in the singing. The lesson was impressibly read by the Rev F. T. Gregg, M.A., Incumbent of Christ Church, Ashford, who is also Superintendent of the Willesboro' Division.

During the course of his sermon the VIcar, R e v, Austin Thompson, dealt very thoroughly with the causes of present day difficulties. He urg-ed his hearers to think of three new" R's" Re\'elation, Revolution, and R e valuation. Whether we liked it or not, the war had givep a new impetus to human thought and human aspirations that could only be satisfied by placing a higher value on eve ry individual. Prussia, prior to the war, had exalted the gospel of the National Mass, and in the result followed the devaluation of the individual citizen. Only so far as we thought in the terms of Christ and acted in the terms of Mankind would Kingdom of God come on the earth.

At the conclusion of the parade tea was provided, an act of thoughtfulneils much appreciated. On the motion of Supt. Gregg (Willisboro), seconded by Supt. Curling (Faversham), and supported by Supt. M'ilton (Hastings), a

ht:d.rty vote of thanks was accorded Commissioner Richards to whom was due the success of the day.

Numerous photographs were secured ?uring the afternoon, some of which we hope to produce to due coune.

fetters to the t;ditot'.

We are in no way resjll+lsiblf. lor the opinions expressed., or the statements mad(., b" Conespondcnts -EDITOR, ETC.

A SUGGESTION.

DEAR SIR,-

Might I suggest that you publtsh a senes at test r AId cases for use of Ambulance Divisions at their weekly dnlls. know we should find it extremely useful if we could purchase a set of cards (say 50 to a set, postcard size) wi th well t out and useful cases printed there on and WIth your tion and connection I should think you would be able to dISpose of sufficient to make it a paying proposition.

Yours laithfully, CLAUD T. HANCOCK. Bristol.

[We agree that your suggestion i? e.xcellent one,. its only defect being that at the present tIme It. IS a paymg proposition. Early this year we proposed to Issue III pamphlet form the tests set by all the Railway Centres in their elimination c ontests, but we had to abandon our proposal on account of the high cost of printing, etc.-EDITOR.]

EXAMINATION ON STRICTER LINES.

DEAR SIR,I have read, with interest, several letters which appear in the September issue of FIRST AID, on examination on stricter l ines and ambulance qualifications generally.

I quite agree that every man who accepts the name of being a First Aider should do all in his power w qualify for the name, so as not to bring discredit to the cause. He should keep constantly in touch with his class and text book, or he will soon be out of date

I agree with all this, but one of your cotrespondents (H. K. M. ) says, " Let the Association only allow the examinations to be held by the different Corps or Divisions, and the men will see what is expected of them

Personally, hope the Association will do nothing of the sort,

I know scores of first class ambulance men who have never been connected with any Division of the Brigade, yet they can hold their own with any Brigade members they may meet. No doubt there are others who come to the class for one year, or perhaps two, then drop out of it. But does not this sort of thing happen in the Brigade as well as Association classes ?

Where I live we have not got a Division of the Brigade, yet we can get a good class every year, good results at the exams., and we have some men who follow on year after year and make real live First Aiders. We have men who can show up to nine labels to the medallion, demonstrators certificates, and certificates for home nursing also. I also know men who can show upwards of thirty medals won in competitions, yet they have never been in the Brigade. As recently as September 24th our own team took part in a competition where there were eleven teams competing. Some of these were Brigade the other four were not. We won the competItion, thus proving ourselves as good as the Brigade teams. Yet if H. K. M. gets hIS own way, all men who are not members of the Brigade will cease to hold the name of being First Aiders.

I hope there will be no more slurs cast at First Aiders

simply because they are not. in the Brigade, we ca n find backward men in the Brigade as well as out of It. Yours faithfully, W. M

AMBULANCE STATION.

DEAR SIR,-

In your June number of FIR ST drawmg and description of a small ambulance statIOn. IS very lent in design and eminently useful, J:?ut where IS thf7 DIVIS I?11 nowadays that can afford £1 I6 and extras for what 1S practIcally a luxury?

Seeing this article has put me of a portable sible hut we had in use in my DIVISIon m France, and wh Ich was used as a bath-house,

It was constructed by one of our FIeld CompanIe s of Royal Engineers in a few hours in the devastated area of the Somme battlefields, from drawings supplied to them, and Its adoption caused the dumping of about two lorry load s. or sleepers, timber and corrugated Iron whIch had t? ea rned about by the Divisional Baths a great savmg In s pace and weight which meant much 10 those days.

Two three men could erect this hut in half an hour, and Whet} up it formed a reasonably and weatherp roof building of about 12 ft. by 9 ft. by 7 ft. hIgh. The walls and roof were of tarpaulin; Willesden canvas WOUld have b een better but was not obta inable. When closed up It oc cu pied very cubic feet of space and wa s easily handled

When we got into Germany thIS was used for nIne mo nths as the bath-house of the 1st Batt. Machine Gun Corps, an d on the departure of the Division to was left to the te nder mercies of the Germans at Flershelm, near to Bonn.

It struck me at the time what an excellent First A id hut this would have made for ambulance and nursing diviSIOns on public duty in England.

It could be erected very quickly on any lev!l space, or e ven in the street or other open space, and would provide good temporary accommodation for injured or tainting people The whole could be packed and transported on a hand cart SImilar to the trek carts used by the Boy Scouts A g ro und sheet would provide all the floor necessary, and ture of some of the many types of officers camp eqUlpmen ts m existence would be sufficient.

Vlith regard to the cost, I think that £15 to £20 would be ample, probably less. ."

I do not know if the original drawmgs are still III eXIste nce, but I am taking steps to ascertain this. Anyway, would be no difficulty in re-designing the hut, and If any dIVISIon s or manufacturing firms are interested in the matte.r and car e to communicate with me, I shall be pleased to go mto the q ues· tion WIth them for the benefit of the work at the Hrlgade.

Yours truly,

H ARRY C. CHAMBE RS, Assistant C ommissi oner. Derbyshire.

[The design and speCIficatIOn we publtshed was not intended as a temporary ambulance statIOn, but as a perma nent structure, such as several Divi!:tions possess around Lon don, and having this in view its cost is extremely low. - EDITOR. ]

THE SONG OF THE OLD WHITE CROS S. DEAR SIR,-

Your correspondent J. Lawson Russell, M.B., C.M., makes :su::h a frank and courteous appeal for criticism for the of the Old White Cross" that it would be rather unkm d to ignore the urgent request. .'

There are, however, among others, two on whIch I have never claimed to be any sort of authOrity, one be Ing .first Aid and the other Poetry. Any remarks about the song must be interpreted in the words of a famous wnter-

" The critical faculty abdicates and there is nothing left-but words of praise."

The title" The Old White Cross" in your copy of Octob e r,

October, 1921. - FIRST

19 19, the words" The Song of the St. John Brigade" were added. Was their Intentional in your last issue?

The Latin motto" Pro uttlitate homium" is a bit of a setb ac k to those of us who only knew, like Shakespeare, " A little La tin and less Greek." As far as I can make out, the motto means -

" For the profitableness and usefulness of mankind."

If you turn up 1st Corinthians, 14th Chapter 9th and 13th ver ses, you will see why Latin quotations are not desirable.

In the first verse of the song there seems to be a confusion bp. tween the "Brothers of St. John" and the" Old St. John Brt"g ade ." The Brotlters of St. John date back to 1048, therefore their banner did lead long ago During the same century the" Old W hite Cross " became the emblem of the Order.

The "Old " St. John Brig ade did not exist previous to 188 7 (34 years ago ) Of course, the "Brigade," like the "B rothers," were banded "for mercy, not for fight." Mercy do es not seem to be quite the aim of the White Cross. Mercy is generally understood to imply forgiveness of a wrong to one who has no claim to our kindness. The idea of compassion or healing seems to be better. " Banded for healing, not for fight."

Seventh line" For rich , for friend, for foe. "

Fo ur" fors " in one line does not give the sarr e beautiful swing as the corresponding line of the next verse, which reads" An honour to the badge they wear."

In fa c the whole of the second verse (deal ing with the work of the Nursing DiVIsions ) has a good rhythm and sweet harmoniOLlS Aow of words.

The third and final verse. After doing the first two verses so well, perhaps a better word could be found to rhyme with "afar " than the word" war. " Besides, as stated in first verse, "D u ty " does not call the Brigade to ,. war. "

The fifth and s ixth lines are very choice indeed, giving a rea ll y good definition of Brigade ,work they are a specimen uf what poetry should be.

" They c ome r.umanity to serve

Where c ry for help is made. "

Th e next line, unfortunately, spoils the whole verse" God grant their ranks may never swerve. "

Th S line is rather difficult to repeat, and if said or sung aloud wo uld be hardly understood. If you will kindly compare this lme WIth the correspondin g line of verse two (already alluded to), you will see wh a t I mean.

The chorus (the word chorus is not qu ite correct, although ha ve used that word ) between the song as printed in September, 1921, and as p r inted in October, 1919, there is a great difference, also a very marked improvement, so as to ma ke the whole scheme of the songs quite unlike each other.

The October version reads as if it were a statement by an interested outsider who appreciated the work of the White Cr oss.

The Septembe r version gives the three verses in the same ma nner, whtle the" chorus, " with its pleasing change of metre, 1$ a n antiphonal or alternate reply by the Brothers and Sisters of S t. John requesting honour to be paid to " Our)) emblem.

" Brave band of love that floats above

The Old St. John Bngade."

Set to music, this "Brigade reply" would be exceedingly effe ctive.

In fact, I can see no other method of using the song. Your cor respondent does not state for what purpose it is proposed to b e published. The words are too self laudatory to be sung by a " Brother" or " Sister. " The song could be read to a novice on his or her initiation to the Brigade.

The new member replying after each verse" Our emblem fr ee " etc., with a slight pause before the words-

"Then to the Cross, the Old White Cross, Be every honour paid."

AID.- 61

These are the most excellent words in the song. So s k ilfull y is the phraseology arranged, that you c annot he lp re peat in g the words unconsciously"Then to the Cross, the Old W hIte e ra:;:; , Be every honour paId Brave bond of love that fl oa ts ab ov e The Old Sr. John Brigade ."

Yours t r ul y, .--.

T. W . H

and J\nswers to eOt't'espondents.

2uertes wilL be dealt with. under the ro ilowtng ru Les :I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the tOf; teft kan a corner of' tke envelope "Quer"." and addresse d- FIR sT Am , 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C ' 4. 3.-All Queries must be accompanied by a Que ry Coup on " cut (1"011 tke current issue 01 tke !ournal, or in case of Queries from abroa( from a recent issue.

? - The Textbook, to which reference may be m ade i n these is the 36th (I920) Edttion of S.f.A.A. Manual o( First-Aid.

TREATMEN T OF W AS .!' S TINGS.

r. B. (Sheffield ).-(I ) At a re cent compet it ion the j ud g e t old a competitor that he had lost ma rks be ca us e he tre a ted a wasp sting with alkali in s t ead of with a n acid, e.g., im e juice. He further st a ted that a was p injecte d " formic alkali )) and not formic acid as in the c ase of bee s, &c.

(2 ) Subsequently I was stun g in the n eck b y a wasp and at onr:e appl ied lem')n j u ic e, wh ic h r e move d p ai n a nd blister within a hour I c onfe ss th at my t re a t m e nt was experimental and th a t one test is n ot co n clusi ve proof.

Please let me know your op in ion.

( I ) There is no such body as "form ic a lk a li;" and wunder if you misunderstood the judge S s tate men t, b e cause wasp venom is " formi c acid ." rn any case th e d e ciSIo n was wrong, because it is contrary to Textbook in s tru cti on s (p. I14J'

( 2) Your personal e xperien c e ic; interes in g b ecause formiC a c id is a powerful redu c ing a g ent (a fa c t wh ic h con t ribu tes to the efficacy of treatment of wasp s ti n g s wit h a lk ali es), and b ecause it has no reaction with ci tr ic a ci d (le mo n juice). The treatment, therefore was, as you rightl y say , expe rim e ntal; and as wasp stings vary considerably in effec t on pe op le , its apparently beneficial result I}l(l)' h a ve been a cOlDCldent. -. N. CORBET

KN OT 'i OF A R \i - S L INGS.

E. H. (Oswestry ) - Which is the c orre c wa y to li e off. th e large and small a rm Text boo k d ll ustratl on s show the knots on the IOJured sIde : o ur d oc tor tells us to tie off on the unin j ured s ide.

The Textbook method i s corre c t, be cau se it kee ps a ll the patient s troubles on one side. - N. C. F.

MIXED POI SO NS.

W. M. (Llwypia ).-A man swallowed some sp iri ts o f c hl oroform and also some strong ammODla As the Te.x tbook teaches us to give an emetic for the former a nd to WIthho ld i with the latter, please tell us how we should act.

The patient's lips and mouth afford the key to your problem. If these were burned (and stained ) an emetIc must 110t be given, and patient should be treated as for ammODla pOlson -

.-FIRST

ing by antidotes, steps being also taken to keep him awake, if necessary (Textbook p.p. J 54- 1 55)·

With this mixture of poisons, the nalcotl c element would probably not be marked, because of chloroform only contains one part of chloroform to nmeteen parts of pure spirit.-N.C. F.

BROKEN P,\,'rELLA AND TORN CALF MUSCLES.

W. P. (Louth).- In the August issue of FIRST AID (p. 25) there is a stretcher test in which the patient is sufierll1g from simple fracture of right patella and severed tendon of muscles of right calf with free (pr esumably arterial) bleedmg. Kindly explain why in the treatment of this combination of mjuries marks are giv en for "flexion of knee " and ., no splints to knee."

I can not explain the treatment advocated, though presume that the idea underlying It is that flexion of the knee will prevent further separation of the torn tendon and that in view of thiS fact the fractured patella is ne g lected.

Assuming that no essential Jetail (missing in detailed sheet) was disclosed during the test, I confess that, given such a case, I should have kept the leg extended throzeghoutpartly because a fractured kneecap was present, and partly because any active or passive movement (s uch as flexion ) of the limb would z'n z'tselj tend to separate the torn muscles ; and I would have trusted to the tourniquet on the femoral art ery, more especially as rapid and efficient transport (ambulance wagon) was immediately available. Further, since on release of the tourniquet the bleeding was controlled, I see no reason why the limb (a fter the wound was dressed) shOUld not have been placed on a back splint to control the broken kneecap.- N.c....F.

WASP STING IN THR OAT.

S. T. (H ull ).-O ne afternoon a friend was finishing dinner in a country inn infested with wasps, and was in the act of swallo wing some beer when he was conscious of "someth ing" in his mouth and felt an acute pain at back of his throat which he attributed to a wasp sting. He spat out the drink and made himself vomit; but, apart from some pain and tenderness in his throat, he had no ill effect. He consulted a chemist who advised him to wait till morning and to consult a doctor then if the pain persisted. Please advise as to correct treatment.

I t is quite possible that your friend was stung in the throat by a wasp. Any symptoms arising from this cause would be those of Swelling of Tissues of Throat, the correct treatment of which is laid down in Textbook (p. I32). Further, as wasp stings may rapidly prove fatal especially in people susceptible to wasp venom, this should include a visit to a doctor (not a chemis t ) a,t /irs t moment and .not eighteen hours later, as your chemist fnend 1l1correctly advlsed.-N.C. F.

The Cambridge Division of the Great Eastern Railway C;orps held a very enjoyable smoking concert 10 Hall, Mill-road, on October 3 rd when the prize s, certtficates, and labels won during the past year wer e presented by Mr. E. Robinson, who is prf'sident of the local division.

F IVE Lady's S.J.A.B. Coats - need cleaning only- £1 each, carnage Mrs. A. E. Scott, St. Katharines, Queen's-grove, Parkstone, Dorset.

A RMY. STRETCHERS, with Slings, £5 dozen, lOS. each. -Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

A GREAT AID TO FIRST AID.

By DR. ANDREW WILSON.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or refer ence on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to stuay their subject more deeply than is possible from superfi cial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambul ance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of descrip tion and wealth of illustration, •• The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reli able without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws an d a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This wor k lS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, dig estive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins " or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attent ion is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foo ds, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holid ays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the He alth of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here b ee n assisted by a numb:!r of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt wit h.

ONE OF MANY OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:-

"Its all-round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The section dea ling with ambulance work is especially good. The book is written in plendid style and the illu strations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

A FREE BOOKLET.

TO THE CAXTON PUBLISHING COMPANY, L" I). 83 SURREY STREET, LONDON, W.C.2.

Please send me, FREE OF CHARGE and without any obliga ti on on Il,y part:

Illustrated Booklet of " THE MODERN PHYSICIAN."

NAME (Send this Form on a Postcard.)

ADDRE.S!>

October, 1921 - FIRST

Il---'N---II SPO TS INJURIES

bruises, sprains, cuts, and swollen joints, the treatment is 10 D EX. stiff I' ideal II

In the treatment of stiffness, soreness, and conditions arising from vigorous exercise, IODEX is superior to liniments and embrocation.

The reauy absorption of 10 DEX secures deep penetration of its Free Iodine which quickly reduces swelling or inflammation, relieves pain, and aids the restoration to normal health. IODEX does not blister, harden, or stain the skin, and may be used when other forms of iodine are inadmissible.

Ever Growing Medical Support

For over a quarter of a the faculty has the \vorth of \Vlne both

century proved HaIrs as a preventive and a restorati ve Each year sees it gain a greater 111easure of Professional favour.

Of all Izig-lz-class Chemists at 2 /- PCI' pot. II ME'lLEY & JAMES, Ltd ., 64, Hatton Garden LONDON. : I

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION RE ADINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member Of S.} .A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the cou rses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T. B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. \pply (stamp) to MR. J: E. WALDEN, Sec., College (Lady Dispenser Section of the WestmlDster College of ChemIstry and Pharmacy, estd. ,874) 11 2. St. George's Road. Southwark. London.

Ith Edition. 150th THOUSAND. Fully Revised. Witlt 30I Illustrations, some coloured Stiff Boards, 2/9 net, or Limp Lea ther, 5 3 net, post free.

"FIRST AID" I

TO THE &. SICK· • .-In rl.dvaJlced Ambulance HaItltbook, By F. J. Warwick, B.A. ,M.B. & A. C. Tunstall, M.D., F.R.C.S.,

Hall's Wine strengthens in cases of Ancemia, Debility, and Nervous Disorders. I t increases resistance, giving the patient power to repel disease. I t restores vitality and is a powerful aid in convalescence.

By its own intrinsic worth Hall's \Vine has won the high position it holds in the confidence of the Profession-you can prescribe it with absolute confidence in its beneficial results.

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING , HOME HYGIENE &. CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBL IC AT ION S BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKt1AM,

C. B., C M. G., C.LE., D.S. O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond.

Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i -Hind Medali st, Barrister-at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

fropical Manual of First Aid.

Tw ent v- fourth Edition. Price 2S.

Tropical Catechism of First Aid.

Fifth Edition. Price IS

Tropical Home Nursing.

Ninth Edition. Price 2S.

Tropical Catechism of Home Nursing.

Second Edition. Price) s. lid.

The Primer of Tropical Hygiene.

Eighth Edition. Price 2S.

Indian Ambulance Training. Price IS.

Specimen Examination Papers in First Aid, Home Nursing and Hygiene.

Third Edition. Price IS.

Household Emergency Chart.

Third Edition. Price 3s.

Household Reference Chart.

Third Edition. P ri ce 3s.

The White Cross of St. John.

Th ird Editi on Pri ce 3s. 6d.

Care of Children.

Fo ur th Ed ition. Price 4s. 6d. Suj;jJ Nes f r om Postage extra.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd.,

45 OANNON STREET, LONDON, E.O.4.

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE.

President: H.R. H. TH E PR I NC ESS CHRISTIAN.

Stre tcher Drill. Home Di spensin g. Tropical Ailments Free Lectures

and LECTURES. Cookery Course. First Aid. H ygien e Home Nursing. Camp Sanitation Child Welfare for Scout and Girl Guides. Applied Anatom y and Physiology

Th e Co ll ege otte rs every fa cility [or instructi on in Ambulance \ lI,To rk in its widest in te rpr etation T he fees are moderate and and F ell ows have the use of Anatomical and Pathological Muse ums, Band ag ing Ro oms , Ward , Li brary and Writing

Roo m An nual SubS Cri pt ions : Mem ber s £ 1 S. , Fellow s £2 2S Wri te for P rospec tus to the S ECRETA RY, 56, Queen Anne Stre et , W .I. ' Ph one : Mayfair 4652.

DRUMS. BUGLES. FLUTES.

AI D. - October, 1921.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., 8.C., 8.A.(Cantab), M.R.C S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free. IS.

flrst.Ald Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. Col. Sir [antes C."tlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his gOOtt opinion 0:1' the book. "-LANCRT.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d. post free.

Home·Nurslng Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory.

" This book wondeifully simplilies a complex subject and should be cad bll ali studenis."-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZRTTE.

WHY AND WHEREFOR':: IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Price IS., post free.

Dlfflcnltles In Stndy and Treatment solved by Qnestlon and Answer.

, We commend this book ttJ Lecturers and Students 'Who will lind it 0/ Slffliee. "-FIRST AID.

EFFICIENOY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, III. 3d. Problems In Study, Treatment aud Examination solved lor Senior Stude nts.

" Without doubt tM book will be 0/reat service in tlte training 0/ those for whom it is designed. "-BRITISH MEDlCAI:"]OURNAL. HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

Post free. 911. Orderly Duties Simplified aud Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. A most compact brochure which contains mud, useful in/ormation.PRESCRIBER.

By J. M. CAR'fALL. AN INDEX OF !FIRST-AID. Fcap.8vo. Post free, Is.8d. FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (60th thousand). With Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. Paper,2d. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (16th thousand). 14 pp. Paper, 2d.

By HOWARD M. PRESTON. Demonstrato Poly tech ;;£;.

THE TRIANGULAR BANDAGE: Its Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and 116 Diagrams. II6 Illus. Price. IS. net; postage 2d.

THE BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Woras and 162 Diagrams. Price, I S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thirleen on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. net. Each Diagra m separately. 3d. 5. 6 and I4 (coloured), 6d. each.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 25. net: postage, 4d. THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING.

By THEKLA BOWSBR Illustrated. Post free, s. 3d. POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

THIRD EDITION

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM. C.B .• C.M.G" C.I.E., 0 5-0" M.D

(I) Poisoning, (2) H aemorrh age, (1) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (S us pended Breathing), (5) Fracture s, Di slocations and Sprains, (6)Wou nds, Bites Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series cnn tains all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-lined cards, 3f' x 51 6d. nett each: postage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL D. BARDS WELL,

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI RST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; s!ngle copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 0, Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Re ports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (n ot necessarily +(},. 1lublication) by the name and address of the Co rresponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other bnsiness Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. Teletrrapkic Address.' "Twentll-jour, London. " Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

is the loss to the Movement of potential earnest F irst Aid e rs and keen lecturers, as is proven by the fact that, whereas the majority of doctors in practice have conducted at least one set of lectures, the few only retain th e ir positions on the lists of available lecturers

To us it seems that many lecturers fail to appreciate the practical side of First Aid and the difficulties experienced by lay men and women in approach ing th e subject. Indeed, we know one well-known and popular doctor who openly confesses that his success as a lecturer is due to the fact that he was introduced to the work by an enthusiastic and efficient layman and th a t consequently he is able to handle the subject from the First Aid rather than from the Medical standpoint wherein e xists a world of difference in results.

Lectures on First Aid.

We agree, lherefore, that lectures, which ar e a relic of the days when textbooks we re scarc e , only too often fail in their objects, since they do n ot expl a in the objects and principles of First Aid and do not allow facilities for exposing obscurities and difficulties ; and that, ll1 short, they are not lecture-demonstrations Further, we know that many projected classes fail to mature, because their promotors are not able to e xcite th e interest and obtain the serVIces of local med ical men, who too frequently do not know that ambulanc e men work without any fee or other reward.

REPAIRS executed on the MUSIC published for premises in a few hours when urgently r e quired.

HEADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a coupJe of hours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head sam e day.

Drum, Flute and Bugles. Write for List.

H. POTTER &CO., 36-38, WEST STREET, CHARING CROSS LONDON.

ESTABLI S HED 1811.

COUPON.

To be cut (Jut and enclosed with ttll Queries OCTO., 1921.

THE value of lectures on First Aid is always debateable, and periodically our readers write complaining that they are tedious, uninteresting and unprofitable. For their success keen students and go od lecturers are essential. Much, however, depends on th e lecturer, who, if an enthusiast, is master of his subject an 1 actually demonstrates the various items as he proceeds; but who, if unitiated into th e mysteries of First Ai d (and doctors are not taught First Aid in hospitals), passes from point to point in dull and apathetic Certainly, lecturers of the latter type have been known to read aloud whole pages of the Textbook, an act which h eir audiences can do more profitably for themselves; or, alt ernately, they forget the line of division which separates Fi rst Aid from Medicine, treat their listeners as classes of m edical students and indulge too freely in technical terms wh ich complicate rather than make clear the subject.

The outcome is disastrous. - The students tire and their tiredness and lack of interest react on the lecturer, whose budding zeal flags an'd quickly dies. The net result

Under these we believe that the solution of these hindrences to the advancement of the Movement lies in the establishment of lectures in a central and easily accessible place, conducted by an enthusiastic am bulance surgeon, and carried out by an active organisation, the officers of which accept responsibility for carrying out the practical work in their own districts and at the convenience of their members. By this means a Jarge area can be served.

For this we are inter ested ll1 the report that the Hospitallers Club of No.1 District, which has accomplished much good work in the two years of its existence ntends to experiment on these lines; and that arrangement are being made for running in the near future a course of lectures, open to all interested in the work, in some central plrt of London. Moreover, this plan of

dividin g up lectur e s and practical work would satisfy the com men dable St. John rule of separating male and female classes, and allow in this instance a mix e d class, as was actually done at S:. John's Gate during the late '.'Tar. F o r oursdves we hepe that it will; and we wish th :! schemes a triumphant success.

First Aid in Factories.

THE Hospitallers Club of No District, S.lA.B., merits congratulations on its system of combining at itS bi-monthly meetings social intercourse among its memb er s and advanc.:ment of knowledge by lectures given by expert!'.

On October 14th, at its re union after the summer vaca' .ion, the Club was privileged to listen to , an instructiv e and interesting chat on "First Aid in by Dr. J. c. Bridge, one of H.M. Medical Inspectors of Factories, who fully earned the cordial thanks of the Club.

The lecturer, at the outset, pointed out that with the passing of the Police, Factories, &c , (Miscella neous Provisions) Act of I916, under which the Home Office issued a First Aid and Ambulance Order applicable to certain factories, eg ., blast furnaces, copper mills, iron mill!', foundri e s, and metal works, FIrst Aid became obligatory, and that the grtat object of this Order was to com bat the far reach ing effects of minor injuries, which every year resulted in the loss of an enormous number of hours of work and in considerable pain and discomfort to workmen, results which could be minimised by plOper emergency treatment.

Dr. Bridge emphasised that the main purposes of the Order was that the treatment should be available on the spot, and that it should be simp le though effective in character. This was accomplished in th e smaller factories where more than 25 workers we re employe d by the compulsory provision of First Aid boxes in the proportion of box for every ISO perwns so e ngag ed, and in the larger factories where more than 500 were employed, by the addition of an ambulance room, which had to satisfy sp ecified r e quirements to con struction and e quipment. The falsity of the argument that provision of an ambulance room negatived the need for FIrst Aid boxes lay in the fact that septic infections of wounds could easily take plac ::! in the moments that lapsed hetween the receipt uf injury and the journey to the factory ambulance room,

The doctor drew attention to the chief difficulties with which those responsible had to deal. First, the majority of workm e n at present fail to realise the supreme importance of immediate of so ·called minor injuries, neglect of which frEquently leads to septic infection of wounds. Secondly, difficulties occur with reference to the box es, (I) in that there was not always available a trained nurse, wh o could keep them in good order and (2) in that ctrtain work men could not refrain' from pilfering. their contents. Indeed, one mana6 er reported that dUring the first month he found his boxes rifled day after day and that it took him six months to teach his men that the boxes were there for a beneficient purpose, and that the absence of an essential article might have serious effect on an injured colleague.

Bridge next referred to the Safety First movement and to th e growing practice of appointing an active

committee of workers to supervise the safety arrangements of their own factories who would act upon any suggestions to the wa)'s in which the peculiar dangers of these factori es could be lessened. To this tnd he suggested that th e Safety First Committee should appoint a First Aid Su bCommittee which in its turn should elect a supervisor in supreme control and with under-cfficers responsible for th e proper care of First Aid Boxes and .ambulance Room If such a plan were adapted and carried out, if th e workmen were educated to appreciate th e risks associate d with minor injuries and if those placed in charge of th e ambulanc e arrangements were mtmbers of the Brigadethen the lecturer believed that the day was not far dista nt wh Fn an i [" jured workman wo uld receive immediate treatment from lhe man standing at his side, and that accident s in factories (and thEir results) would be reduced to an absolute minimum, since aft e r all the proper treatment of any injury was, where possible, the prevention of its occurrence.

At the close of his lecture Dr. Bridge demonstrate d the conttnts of the boxes; (I) Sterilised dressings of various sizes with bandage attached, which could be applied without fing e ring wound or dressing ; (2) tw o bottles of eye drops (one containing cocaine) which woul d dispense with the dangerous person who was found in most factories, and known as "the eye doctor" who would wi th his lead pencil, dirty pocket kDlfe, or tooth pick, guarante e removal of all foreign bodies in the eye ; (3) a bottle of a 2 per cent. iodine solution.

3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good an d bad iJoints in Treatment-for inclusion in this Colum n.

FIRST AID WI1H

While a man was cleaning a window on the third floor 0 a city warehouse one Saturday afternoon, the upper portic n gave way and crushed his hands between the two frame s. His cries for help attracted the attention of passers by, who, however, were unable to assist, as the warehouse was empty and its doors were locked.

In this crisis a police-officer recognised the requiremen ts of the emergency and, exercising his "resourcefulness " an d "discrimination," telephoned to the neighbouring fire statio n and summoned aid from the firemen, who quickly brought the fire-escape. By this means the man was brought safely to the ground, and, his hands being badly hurt, was then remove d wi t hout delay by tax i-cab to hospital.-B. A., Cambridg-e.

UNUSUAL CAUSE OF POISONING,

A boy, who had been bathing, was brought home in a state of profound collapse and with symptoms almost suggestive of acute alcoholism. The doctor not being available for som e hours, the mother asked me to come and see her boy whom I found in bed .

Seeking a possible cause I had no difficulty in excludin g alcohol and was puz zled until the boy told me quite casually tha.t he had made pea -shooter out of the stem of a plan t whIch he had found In the hedge on hIS way to the rive r. When I examined the pea shooter I noted its mousy odour an d quickly it as hemlock, which, a very poisonou s plant, has been mIstaken for parsley and eaten in salad or soup. I at once treated for Non-Corrosive poisoning with a n emetic followed by stimulants, hot tea, hot water bottles, &c., and was heartily congratulated later by the doctor who confirmed my diagnosis and treatment. --M. B., Hampstead.

::The Grand !priory of the Order of the .}(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglugd.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

::T he St. John J\mbulance Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

November 192 t. FIRST No. Distric..t COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B ,E.

SU NDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

Sunda y, December, 1921. 4th.-No.7 Division, To ynb ee Hall.

I th.-No. 9 St. John's Gate (No, 2 Div, ) 18th.-No. 10 " St. Mark's. 25th. - No. Wembley and Harlsden.

"

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL RECORDS.

S upintendents and M embe rs in c ha rg e of Divisions, when compi lin g the Annual R e cords of Division, should note the fo llowing points :-

FORM B,F. I.

( I) This form sho uld show all members of the D ivision in correct order of seniority.

(2) The name s of all members who have resigned should be rul ed out in red ink.

(3) Where a member has not fulfilled all the conditions for E fficiency, and there is a reason why the case should be spe ciall y considered, an appeal (mad e Ollt on Divisional paper ) should accompany Form B F,r.

FORM B.F. 5.

Thi s form should be sent in to St. John's Gate during January.

FORM B.F. 4. ( Applicati.on for Service Badges).

T hese forms cannot be dealt wi th until after Forms E. F. I and B.F.3 have been c he cked and as th1s checking entails a consid erable amount of work applications for Service Badges should be sent in at a later date, in any case not less than a month after the B. F. I'S are forwarded to Headquarters.

PROMOTION.

When applications are made for the promotion of a member of a Division, in add it ion to the Distn ct Form showing the candidates record for three years, Form B. F. 7 should be sent in du plicate, and care should be taken to fill in the first paragraph showing the strength of the various ranks of the Division.

DIVISIONAL ANNU AL MEETINGS.

T he attention of officers and members in charge of Divisi ons is called to the importance-of holding their Divisional annual meetings as early as possible after the 31st December, At this meeting, the balance sheet, duly audited by two auditors, should be presented to the Division for confirmation, and when confir med the balance sheet should be handed to the Supt. or member in charge.

Blank forms for s tatements of accounts will be sent to every Division in tripl ic ate from the Chief Commissioner's office: two of these forms should, when completed, be a ttached to the B.F. when sent of Headquarters, and the other should be po sted in the Minute Book.

A MEETING OF OFFICERS,

It is proposed to hold a of o.ffic ers of the Distri c t early in December, Due notice will be gIven later,

AID.-

PUBLIC DUTY.

The Commissioner desires to thank the officers and members i n charge of both Ambulance and Nursing DiVIsions, for t he ample numbers of their members which they secured for the two duties, on Nov 9th and Nuv. I rth. The appearance and behavio ur of all ranks was most exempl ary and reflected cr ed it on the District.

(Sign ed ) W. H, WINNY, Commissioner.

The followin g letter has been received by Mrs. Calvin Lines from the House Gov ernor of the London Hospital :DEAR MADAM, -

A Quarterly Court of the Gov ernors of the Hospital sat recently, and as this Court was the first that has been held since the Nurse's Bazaar, I was instructed to convey to you, as one of the most energetic helpers on that occasion, the very grateful thanks of the Governors for your invaluable assistance, and I am to ask you to be good enough to conv ey to all those who assisted to make your Stall such a splendid success, the Court s appreciation and thanks.

I believe you have already been thanked by the Matron, but the Court would also like their feelings to be expressed.-Yours faithfully,

E. vV. MORRI S House Governor.

London Hospital, Octob er 5th, 192T.

ROYAL KEN SINGTON (No. 70) DIVISION, - A Church

Parade of the Kilburn Section was held on Sunday, 13th November, at St. Luke ;:; Church, W est Kilburn, in charge of Supt. R. W. Stone and Ambulance Officer T. Harman, sup· ported by members of the neighbouring divisions.

The service was conducted by the Rev. Higgins, one of the vic e ·presidents , who extended a hearty welcome to the members of the St. John Ambl1lance Brigade.

Previous to the Service a floral tribute from the Royal K er.s ington Division was placed by Supt, R. W. Stone on the 'War M emorial in the Church grounds to the memory of those members who gav e their lives in the country s cause.

No. :;} District.

BRISTOL CORPS.-The annual inspection of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (City of Bristol Corps ) took place on October 16th at the Drill Hall, Old Market-street, wh en Earl Bea uchamp, K.G" G,C.M ,G., P.C., the Lord-Lieutenant of the County and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, was present. After the Corps had been inspect ed and had marched past the Commissioner of the district (ur. J . S. Griffiths ) addressing th e members of the Corps, stated how gr ea t his pleasure was to introduc e the new Hon. Presid ent of the Corps the Earl Beauchamp and especially so, as being a KOIght of Justice, his lordship was a dlstlDguished member of the ancient Order of St. John to which they all belonged, Lady Beauchamp was also a Lady of Justice of the Order, and he regretted she was unable to accompany his lordship on this occasion.

NO. 3 District.

BIRiliINGHA:\L -A very successful concert was held in the New Street Station Institute on Saturday, October 15th, T9 2 1 , in with the Curzon-street Division of the Birmingham Corps.

Mr. T. H. Shipley, who presided, speaking of the St. JO,hn Ambulance Brigade, said the object of the concert was to raIse funds to purchase equipment for the first ai d knowledge was not confin ed to servIce \0 Radway lIfe but also included the performing of ambulance duties at the hospitals and at public functions taking place in the city. , The following artistes were responsible for a very enJoyable programme ;-Madame G. Clarke (sopra no ), Madame K Rowcroft (contralto ), Mr. John Hotchkiss (tenor), Mr. Robert Kelly ( baritone ) M.r. Wm. Whittaker (voilinis t ), Mi,ss Lelia Brittain (acc omp anis t ), and the well-known entertamer Mr. Archie T iney,

No. 4 District.

SOUTHPORT.--We regret to record that Miss F. Christelle Jackson, M.B.E., who was throughout the War Commandant and Superintendent of the Birkdale V.A.D. and Nursing Division, passed away on August 27th.

Soon after the outbreak of hestilities, in response to the call for Voluntary Aid Detachments, she energetically took up the. of organising and training the Birkdale V.A.D., which, with the Southport V.A.D., rendered invaluable services in supplying the large staff of voluntary workers required for the two branches of the Southport St. J ohn Hospital of 500 beds during the four years of its eXistence. She was also from the outset a member of the Council of the Hospital.

BOOTLE.- There was a splendid attendance at the Bootle Technical School on October 29th, when the Bootie Nursingand Ambulance Div isions held their first Whist Drive and Dance of this season in aid of their Equipment Fund.

No. 5 District.

CLEETHORPES.- The annual inspection of Cleethorpes DIVISIons took place on ::iaturday, October 29 th , In the School Grounds, Cleethorpes, kir.dly lent for the occasIOn by the Education Committee. There was a good out-46 officers and men being on parade. The InspectIOn was conducted by Lieut. -Col. Lambert Assistant Comm'issi.oner for the who afterwards the long service medal to Private W. C. Wray of the Grimsby DIVISion.

No. 6 District.

-The members of the Middlesbrough Central,DIvlsIOn (N ? 6 Division ) S.J.A.B., spent a most enJoyable evenIng on Fnday, 14th October, 1921. The occasIOn was the annual "At Home, " and was attended by over a hund ed members and their friends.

After a short but delightful musical programme Mrs. T. H. W. Chambers presented the cups and meda.ls to the winners.

HULL- The annual fair at Hull was held during the week Oct. loth to 15th.

The Ambulance Station was opened on Saturday Oct. 8th noon, and closed at 12 midnight Saturday, Oct. 15th;' 343 men and 103 nurses were on duty; 260 cases were treated.

The annual of the Corps took place on Oct. 27th, Lt.-Col. Palmer Inspected the Ambulance Divisions and Lady Perrott the Nursing Divisions.

No. Q District.

annual rally of the West Cornwall DIVISions held Redruth on October 2nd, 1921, the follOWIng DIVISions takmg part, Bodmin, Penzance, Cam borne, Pool, Dolcoath and Redruth.

The Parade, 80 strong, assembled, and was inspected by Col. C. 1. Ellis, C.M.G., C.M., L.S.A., R.A.M.C. (T.), who congratulate? the DIVIsions on their smart appearance, an.d expressed hiS thanks to Supt. Hatham Redruth for his work in organising the gathering. ,

Parades of thiS kmd where officers and men got in touch with each othe r and were led t<;> realise that the St. J uhn J?ngade was somethIng more than their own mdlVldual unit he thought was» good for the District and the BrIgade generally. He hoped this would be an annual event.

No. 10 District.

The Ipswich Corps, led by their bugle band, altended a servIce at !::>t. Mary-Ie-Tower Church I pswICh on St. Luke's Day, Oct. 19th. The service is held' annually' for Doctors, Nurses and Am bulance Corps.

Bishop of St. Edmundsbury and Ip.;wich unveiled and dedicated the memorial panels of lhe Reredos on tht Side altar. The sermon was preached by the Ven. Archdeacon of Sudbury.

AI D.- November, 1921

Th.e church was well filled by an interested congre gatlon mcludmg the members of the Ipswich Nursing Corps' A collection taken at the close for the St. Hostei, London, a Nursmg Home for the Clergy and their famIlie s.

No. 1 1 District.

The first annual inspection of the South. ampton Corps smce days, held at the 5th Batt alI on Hants Regiment 0 rIll Hall (by kmd permi sion of Co lon el on Satl!rday afternoon the 5th October, th e inofficer bemg Dr. F. C. Bottomley, O.B.E., NO.2 Dlstnct Officer, of Bournemouth.

The divisions and officers in charge were as follo ws;_ Corps Officers W. T. Fulford and Dr. J. H. P. Fraser D. S.O · Southampton Division, Sergt. S. Dallas Netle; !?IYlslon, Supt. R. S. Moorman; Southam pto n DlVlslOn, Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Gr aha m Smith, A.R.R.C.; Division, Lady Supt. Mrs, Ross; Canute Nursmg DlVls.IOn, Lady Supt. Mrs. Must ard' Division, Lady Supt. Mrs. Bell; Sh irley Nursmg diVISIOn, Lady Supt. Mrs. Gordon; Calmore Nu rSing Divis.ion, Supt. Miss C. Eyerett, A.R.R.C ; Rownh am s Nursmg DIVISIOn, Lady Supt. MISS Lafone. In addition there ",,:ere also present six lady ambulance officers and fifty nu rsing sls ters, together with twelve non-commissioned officer s an d pnvates of the ambulance divisions.

The following ladies and gentlemen representing th e Southampton Centre S.] .A.A., were also present Colone l E Bance, D.L., J.P. (Chairman Southampton Dr. A. A: McKeith, M.D. (hon. secretary Southampton Centre), the Hon. Mrs. Palk and Colonel E. A. Palk, Dr. Power, M.D., Mr. and Miss Durkin, Major E. Burrow, C.L.B., and others.

The inspection consisted in the examination of the Brigade Record sheets, return of drills, accurrence books mi nut e a.nd cash b.ooks of each division; supplemented by practical first aid tests and. drill, out by the whole co rps The careful manner m which the records were submi tted together with the of the uniforms and drill, test ified to the keenness eXlstmg among the members of the corps.

Following the inspection, the District Officer, Dr. F. C. Bottomley, O.B.E., presented long service medals to th e f,?llowing members of the Southampton Ambulance Div ision, vlz.-Hon. SUl;geon Dr. J. H. P. Fraser, D.S.O., Corps Secretary, W. T. Fulton, Sergt. A. F. Illston, and Corpl. J . G Boucher.

The District Office: in making the presentations, made references to the splendid work each member had carried ou t for 15 years, especially mentioning their valuable war services and their continued interest in the Brigade.

No. 12 (Irish District).

The sale on behalf of Brigade Funds, held on 28th and 29th October at the headquarters, 40, Marrion-squ are, was most successful, and m our next report we hope to give the exact amount realised by each stall and the total resul t ,The at Home of Messrs V'!: & R. Jacob & Co., Ltd. s Nursmg and Ambulance DIVISions was held in th e Recreation Hall, Bis.hop-street, on Wednesday, October 19th. The Hall was speCially decorated for the occasion. There prese!lt a company of 200, includmg- The Commls.slOner (Sir John Lumsden), Assist. Commissioner (W. G. Corps.-Supts. A. J. MacWilliam and J. H. W ebb, Dlstnct Miss Blandford, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs Shanks, Dlvls lonal Supts. F. J. Horne and J. Tyrrell, who thoroughly enJoyed the programme of musical items wh ic h included a special dance by a member of the Band acc.ompanied on the ,bag-pipes by Pipe Major Andrews. Afte an mterval for tea, SIr John Lumsden presented the Distric t League Medal and sixteen St. John War Certificates to the members of the Ambulance Division.

Much sympathy is felt for Assistant-Commissioner W. G. Smith, O B.E., whose father, William Smith, 42, Moyneroad, Ranelagh, recently died, and also for Miss Moore, hon. secret,ary, In.sh Centre St. John Ambulance AS50cia ion, and Lady Supermtendent Naas Nursing Division whose Leger Moore, C.B., died very suddenl y at hiS ReSidence, KIllashee, N aas.

November, 1921. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

TlfE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

OCTOBER, 1921.

THE following appointment bas been sanctioned by H. R H. the Grand Prior :District Officer Francis Carr Bottomley, O.B.E., M.D., M.R. C.S., to be Acting Assistant Commissioner for Hampshire Wit h effect from 22.10.21

The Chi ef Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug ap pointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 41 (B rixton) Nursing Division.-Hubert Turner Penn

Yo ung, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4. 10 21 No. I I (Walt ham stow ) ursing Division. - John Laid McK enzie Brown, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4. 11.21

No 5 (H ackney) Division.-Sydney Blackman, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4. 11.21

No.2 (St. John's Gate) Nursing iDivision,-Thomas Pearson L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4. I 1.21.

NO .2 DISTRICT.

Divisionsl Surgeon George Bruce Pearson, L.R.C.P., M. R.C.S., to be District Officer, 25.10.21, for Buckinghamshi re.

Corps Surgeon John Charles Richard Freeborn, M.R.C S., L.R. C.P., to be District Officer for Oxford, 28.10.21

Officer H. Aldridge transferred to the Brigade

R eserve, 8.1 1.2 I

Reading Nursing Division.-Edgar Fletcher Edmunds, M. B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.10.21, vice Dr. H. M. Cl arke resigned,S. 5.2 I

Reading Division.--Ambulance Officer Frederick William Co ppuck to be Divisional Supt., 21.10.21

N O.3 DISTRICT.

County of Worcester.-Divisional Surgeon Henry Christo pher Darby to be County Surgeon, 4. 10 21

Dudley and District Corps (Brierley Hill Nursing Divisio n). -Lady Ambulance Officer Miriam Florence Hodgetts to be Lady Divisional Supt., 8. IO.21

Ambulance Sister Ethel May Sparrow to be Ambulance Officer, 8.10.21

Kettering Corps.-Staff Sergt. John Miller to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 12.10.21

Loughborough Division.-Neil Macleod, M.B., Ch .B., to b e DiviSIOnal Surgeon, I. 11.21

Ambulance Officer Arthur Whyman to be Divisional Supt., I. 11.2I

Birmingham Corps (Mitchell and Butler's Division).-

Ro bert Rodger, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 17 ·10.21

Leicester Corps (Hinckley Nursing Division). -Ambulance

Si ster Annie Emily Bott to be Lady Divisional Supt., 19· 10.21, vi ce Lady Supt. Mrs. E. Brise, who reverts to Lady Ambulance Offic er at own request. Tipton Parish Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt.

L. R. Golds resigned, I. I I. 21 No . 4 DISTRICT.

Cockermouth Division.-Joseph William Grave to be Div isional Supt., 7. 11.21

Manchester and Salford Corps (Salford Division).-Supt. R. Worthington transferred to the Brigade Reserve, IO 9· 21

Ambulance Officer Thomas Hart to be Divisional Supt.,

3. 11.21

Burnley Division .-S ergt. Ellis Greenwood to be Ambulance Officer, 2.11.21

Tottington Division.-Joseph Bentley to be Ambulance Officer, 2.11.21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Midland Area West Riding of Yorkshire.-Ambulance Officer Walter Holdsworth to be District Officer, 12.10.21

Doncaster Division.-Divisional Supt. J. L. Harris resigned, 16 9.21

Biddulph and District Corps (Biddulph Dtvision)-Divisional Supt. A. Jukes transferred to the Brigade Reserve 30 8 21 Louth Divisi on.-Henry Stanley Walker, M.D., to be Divisional Supt., 11.10.21

Hanley and District Corps.-Corps Surgeon G. Sudlow resigned, 12.8.21

Leeds Corps (Ar mley and Wortley Division).-Divisional Supt. F. Whitaker transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 23.9. 21 Leeds Corps (Central Division ).-Ambulance Officer M. C. Cook transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31. 12.2

Leeds Corps (Hunslet and Holbeck lJivision).-Ambulance Officer S. J. Lees transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 16.10.19

Shipley and District Corps.-Corps Officer J. T. Green resigned, 3. 10 21

Bradford Corps (Bradford Tramways Division ). -Sergt. Albert Keighley to be Ambulance Officer, 27·10.2 1

Bradford Corps (Bradford Tramways Nursing Division ) -Ambulance Sister Mary Elizabeth Dinsdale to be Lady Ambulance Officer,'I 1.10.21, vice Lady Ambulance Officer W. Tims deceased.

Ambulance Sister Florrie Sharp to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 12.10.21

Dewsbury Corps (Dewsbury Nursing Divisiun ).-Lady Ambulance Officer Maud Barraclough to be Lady Divisional Supt., 22.3. 21 ... . . Silverdale DIVISlOll.-Wllllam Scotland, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.10.21

Sheffield Corps (S heffield Nursing

Osborne Hudson, M.R.C.S., L. R C.P., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 11.10.2J

North Bierley Division.-Divis ional Supt. I. Holmes resigned, 1.11.21

Nottingham Corps (C entral DlvlsJon ).-DlvlsIOnal Supt. T. Scott resigned, 2.11.21 .' .' Staveley Ireland Colliery Nursmg Surgeon A. Morgan transferred to the Bngade Reserve, 6.10.21 d h Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Morgan transferre to e Brigade Reserve, 6.10.21

John Wilson Tonks, B.A., M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S , to be DiVisional Surgeon, 31.10.21 Staveley Ireland Colliery Division.-Arnold Charles Summerson Courts, M.D., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 31.10.21 , vice Dr. J. Court resigned. No.6 DISTRICT.

Gateshead Saltwell Nursing Division .-Ambulance Sister Margaret Ions to be Lady Officer, 26·9'21 ., North Tyneside Corps.-DlvlslOnal Surgeon WIlham Henry Clothier to be Corps Supt., 19· 10.21

- FIRST AID & THE sT. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE N b .I.

Lady Corps Supt. Mr5. Catcbs ide, n:!>igld:u, 3 11.21

Tyneside Corps (Whitley Bay ar,d Monkseaton DIvISIon ) -Noel R. Rawson, M. B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 27.9.21

East Cleveland Division.-Divisional Supt. John Chapman resIgned, 1 T.IO.21 '

Winlaton Nursing Division. - Lady Ambulance Officer

Mary Ann Todd tc. be Lady Divis ional Supt., 7.10 21, vi<.e

Mrs. GIbson, who reverts to the rank of Ambulance Sister.

North Durham Corps (Springwell Colliery Division ) -

Ambulance Officer W. Stephens0n resigned, 26.10.21

Sunderland Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt.

1\Irs. M. Reed, A.R.R.C., resigned, 3.1 J.21

-

North Durham Corps ( Felling Colliery Nursing Division )

Lady Ambulance Ofhcer Mrs. J. Handyside resigned, 301021

Corps (Western Nursing Divisinn ),.-

Ambulance SIster Laura Whitford to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 239.21

Ambulance Sister Charlotte Mullen to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 24.9 21

Hebburn Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mary Ann Brown to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23.9. 21

Mid Durh.am Corps (Durham City Nursing Division). -

Ambulance SIster Ida Mary Ritson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 10 10.2 1

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Brighton and Hove Corps ( Brighton Nursing Division ).-

Thon:as Stevens Allen, F.R.C.S" M R C.S., L.R.C.P., to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon, 29 9.21

Gl:1ildfnrci Corps ( Guild ford Division ).-Ambulance Officer

F. Atklll -\i\Tood leslgned, 21.6 ,21 NO·9 DI ST RI CT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps ( Mill Bay Divis ion ). -Divislonal Supt. T. A. Ilott transferred to the Brigade Reserve

1. 10.2 I

James Frederick Warren to be Divisional Supt , 1I.IO 21

George Heath F Isher, L.A. H ., to be Divisional Surgeon

11.10 21

Ambulance Offi cer G. P. Hoblin resi g ned, 27.10.21

Borough of Plymouth (Plymouth Central Division ) Howard to be DIVISIonal Supt., 9 6.21 , \VIlllam Crosbie Hamilton, M.B., C.M to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.1021

S Henry Ray Par s loe, M,R.C .S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional urgeon. I J.1 0.2 1

Borough of Plymouth Corps ( Mutley Division ).-Arthur Rendle Ponsford to be Divisional Supt., 7.7.21

J ames Brown to be Ambulance Officer, 7.7.'21

flames R lddel, M.C., M.D., Ch.n., l\1.R.C.S. to be Divislona Surgeon, 11.10 21

Grampound Nursing Division.- Lady Divisional Supt.

G M. Barry resi g ned, 29. 10.21

No. 12 DI STRI CT.

.> Bray Nursing Sister Beatrice Mary

1 er Clval-Maxwell to be Lady DIVISIonal Supt 5 1021

Mrs. Ra,nadge resigned, 30.9. 2 ., ,VIce

SOUTH EAS TERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Reading Division. - Sidney Gilford M D to be D' I Surgeon, 25.10.21 ' . ., IVlslona

Redhill Division.-Sergt Archibald Abbott to be A b _ lance Officer, 29 10.1 I m u

Aldershot Officer Charles Henr

Pearson to be !?Ivlslonal Supt., 10 10.21 Y

Sergt. WIllIam to be Ambulance Officer, 10.1021

Faversham Dlvlslon. - Sergt. William Bernal Richardson to be Ambulance Officer, 18.10.21

Sergt. Percy Spillett to be Ambulance Officer, 1910,21

, .NEW DIVISIONS, &C. DIVISions sanctIOned, disbanded and re-named NO.2 DISTRICT'

Swindon Division.-Sanctioned. 7.10.21

O. 4 DISTRICT.

evem er, 1921.

Liverpool Pharmacist Division.-Disbanded 14 10 ? I

Alsagar Division.-Disbanded, 14. 10.21 "'-

Walton-Ie-Dale Division.-Disbanded, 14.10.2 [ NO.5 DISTRICT.

Fenton Division. - Withdrawll from Hanley and Distri ct Corps, 31. 10.2 I

Louth Division.-Sanctioned, 11.10 21

New H ucknall Collieries Corps. - Sanctioned, 8.11. 2 1

No. 6 DI STRICT.

Haltwhistle Division.-Sanctioned , 59.2 r NO.8 DISTR[CT.

Cranleigh Division.-Sanctioned, 5.11.21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Stonehouse Division.-Sanctioned, [1. 10.21

DEATHS.

Lady Ambulance Officer W. Tims Bradford Tram ways Nursing Division, October, 1921

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commission er

November 1,,21. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING October 21 V.A. D. Nursing Members were posted to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals.

Applications by ex -Service women for passages lD connection with the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women number 1,257·

The first annual general meeting of the V AD. Ladies' Lawn Tennis Association was held at 19, Berkeley-street, W., on Thursday, November 3rd, 1921, Dame Beryl Oliver, R.R.C., in the Chair, in the unavoidable absence of Lady Ampthill, the President of the Association. Dame Beryl Oliver prestnted the Silver Inter·Divisional Challenge Cup to the Hon. Mrs. Orpen, the Divisional Commandant for Kensington, on behalf of Miss Gotch and Miss Jenkins, who had won the cup. The Hon. Mrs. Orpen having received it on behalf of the Division, Dame Beryl Oliver then actually handed the cup to Miss Gotch, at the same time offering her congratulations on the excellence of her play and that of Miss Jenkins.

The Chairman then reported that owing to the difficulty of obtaining courts the V.A. D. Ladies' Lawn Tennis Association was not able to begin play until June, the courts remaining open until September, but next year it is hoped to be able to open much earlier in the season.

The support received was most encouraging for the first year, the total membership numbering

and Order of St. John, in Salonica, and her book should be very interesting.

We are informed by the Joint Nursing and V. A D. Services Committee of the United Services Fund that the Compassionate Sub-Committee has met twice during October to deal with applications for assistance from Trained Nurses and V.A.D. members.

Since the Fund opened in May, grants have been made to Trained Nurses amounting to approximately £4 0 7, and to V. A.D. memb ers amounting approximately to £899· Some of these grants have been made to assist with liVlOg expenses, others to give treatment or help with convalescence.

It is also proposed to consider applications from members who accommodation at th e Holiday Hotel for Trained Nurses and V AD. members at St. Helena s, 24 & 26, Earl's Avenue, Folkestone, but who are unable to pay for this holiday Suitable cases after due investiO'ation, may be assisted to go to St. Helena's by the Compa;sionate Sub-Committee, and applications for such assistance should be address ed to the Secretary, 19, Berkel e y-street, W.1.

The Warden and Staff are in resid e nce at St. Helena's, which is now open to receive guests.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 5th Nov , I9 2 I

The. King has been graciously pleased to appoint H is Royal HIghness the Duke of York a Knight of Justice of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England and Her Royal Highness Princess Marya Lady of Justic e of the Order.

His l'.:1ajesty has als? been graciously pJeased to sanc ti on the follOWIng promotIOn tn, and appointments to, the Order ;_

As Km'ghts of Grace:

Andrew Barclay Walker.

James Bates Wilkinson, M.D. (from Honorary Associate )

As Lady of Grace:

The Hon. Sophia, Mrs. Granville Leveson Gower.

As Esquires:

Lieut. - Colonel Lancelot Robson, C.M G., D.S O.

C?lonel Thomas Morgan Martin, C.M.G.

SIr Charles Markham, Bt.

Surgeon Commander Edward Aubrey Guy Wilkinson R.N

Henry Deane Walsh.

Albert Samuel Wilkinson.

James Ripley Rutter.

Richard Henry Gibson.

As H01zorary Servz"ng S ister :

Annie Gill, Mrs. Mifsud, M.B.E., R.R.c.

As Honorary Associates.

Captain Garnet Evelyn Cartmer O. B.E.

Alexander Preston Jones.

Arthur William Scott, M.D.

The V.A. D. Association was very fortunate in belOg lent two grass courts by St. Thomas' Hospital in its Recreation Ground at Chis wick, the Association having to buy all the necessary nets and netting. The gratitude of all members ' of the Association is due to the St. Thomas' Hospital auth.)rities for their generosity in placing these courts at their disposal.

In addition to the courts at ChiSWICk, the use of a gravel court at King's College for Campden Hill, was obtained for two days a week dunng July, August and September. Unfortunately owing to .the and the impossibility of watering. the court, was lD a very bad condition and members dId not use It as much as they probably would have done in a normal summer.

Two matches were played during the season, against the Ex-Service Association of the W. whlch resulted in an easy victory for V.A.D. ASSOCIatIOn, and the other against the St. Thoma 1'S Hospital Nurses, who defeated the V,A.D. members by three matches to one. The Inter-Divisional Tournament played in July was won by the Kensington Division. which is be on having two such good players as MISS Gotch and Jenkins to represent it. Two very successful Amencan Tournaments were also held during the summer. .

The Hon. Mrs. Marshal, Hon. Treasurer, submItted the accounts, the financial position being a satisfactory one. kl

Owing to protracted absence abroad, MISS Wan. yn, Hon. Secretary, tended her resignation which was rece}ved with great regret. Mrs. Hague 33, Ashburnham Mansions, Chelsea, S. W., was appolDted Hon. Secretary in place of Miss Wanklyn.

Miss Barber then proposed a vote of thanks to the Chairman and this terminated the proceedings.

Our has been drawn to "Sisters' Salonica," by Marguerite Fedden. Miss lecturer on Domestic Science at the Northampton Institute, CleL kenwell, served under the Joint Commission of the B.R.C.S ,

Miss Sybil Florence Williams, London, / r8 , has bee n appointed Assistant Warden at St. Helena's. She a 1st Class Housewifery, Cookery and Laundry Diploma, from Gloucester School of Domestic Scie nce. She was for two years and ten months at Southwood Hospital, Eltham as Head Cook She later proceeded to France where s'he was Head Cook in S ick Sisters' Quarters for on e year.

Air Ministry, Kingsway, London, W .C.2.

Letter received from the Air Ministry by the Hon. Arthur Stanley.

SIR,-I am commanded by th e Air Council to you their appreciation of the. va luable whIch has been rendered to the Royal Air Fo rc e dUTl?g the past three years by members of the Volun tary Atd Detachments.

The Council especially recall how in 19 [9, when was an acute shortage of hospital orderh.es, these ladles gave admirable assistance, often und er of great discomfort in very many Royal AIr Force statIOns.

The Air Council hope that you WIll to. these members of the Voluntary Aid thanks, and that you will acceP.t thiS expredssIOn 0E elr t' of the assistance whtch you an your xecua.ppreCcla lor:l have given to the Royal Air Force during tlve ounCI three difficult years.

I am, Sir, Your obedient se rvant, (Signed) J. A WE BSTER.

The Ch.::.irman of the Executive Council, British Red Cross Society, 19, Berkeley -street S W. I.

The Grand Priory of the Order of t h e Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

The annual report of the Chief Inspe ctor of Factories and Workshops for 192'0 make interesting reading. The effective visit by officials must be a matter for alarm to business men. National economy, however, has curtailed temporarily the activities of the Industrial Fatigue Research Board. The work already done has shown cooclusively that many of our manufacturing methods are wasteful of human energy, and, therefore, of efficiency, and that :some are even harmful to the human machine. It would, therefore, be in their own and the nation's interest if the different industries would take up for themselves research work similar to that already done by the Board.

AID - November, 1921

The Executive Committee of the Metropolitan Boroughs reported that in accordance with a resolution of the Standing Joint Committee at the July meeting the y were making arrangements for a conference of the ambulance authorities in London with a view to securin g a co-ordination of services, that the Ministry of Health , the Metropolitan Police, the City Police, the Londo n County Council, the Metropolitan Asylums Board, th e Port of London Authority, the British Red Cross Societ y, and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem had ea ch been invited to send a representative; and that Alderman Capt. H. Lyon Thomson (Westminster) had been nominated to re pres e nt the Standing Joint Committee.

A cours e of training for health nurses has bee n arranged at the B e dford College for Wom e n (Universit y of London) by the Division of Nursing of the League o f Red Cross Societies. It has been established, to quote a circular issued by the League, "in order to seek out in all countries th e nurses who, by reason of intelligence and training, may become leaders in the evolution of nursing ideals in their own country. These women will rec e ive the nec e ssary knowledge and inspiration so that, upon their return, they may become pioneers in public health nursing, where that service has just been started. In countries where nursing is well developed, by reason of their gr e ater knowledge, they will strengthen the world wide nursing bond."

Armistice Sunday was observed throughout the country on November 13th, and collections were made in many places of worship in aid of the Ord er of St. John and the British Red Cross Society. In order to finance its national health programme the Joint Council has to rely almost entirely up on money raised by "Our Day" collections and church offerings.

Last month marked the twenty-fifth anniversary Ot the formation of the Great Western Railway Ambulance Centre. The history and success of the ambulance movement among the Great \Vestern staff are matters of credit and just pride to all concerned. We hope to publish in our next issue a short account of the history of the Centre.

Nov ember, 1921. -FIRST

Common Errors in First Aid.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S., Eng

(Continued from page 59.)

CHAPTER IlL-INSENSIBILITY.

THE Textbook, now includes Asphyxia under "Inst:nsibility." This fact, though a strictly correct procedure, gives rise to many errors-especially with first-year students, -becau se the Chapter is so overloaded with important warnings, teachings and instructions that pupils get muddle d with all the various items, In this discussion, therefore, we shall keep the two conditions apart from each other.

Great danger to the patient-and with this no slight risk of error to the student-exists in cases of Insensibility, since the emergency, through its suggestion of impending death, creates panic among those who would assist a fellow creature in dire distress and who too frequently fails to realise that in this e mergency it is often best to avoid active interference.

For these reasons, I would again emphasise the facts-( I) that the prime object of First-Aid is Itot curative treatment, which is the doctor's duty, but prevention OJ of injury or condition; and (2) that this need ames most frequently and more particularly in emergencies which are associated with loss of consciousness.

The Textbook clearly recognises this, since the Cha pter on Insensibility is peculiar in containing here and there no less than seven definite warnings, which are worth collecting together and recapitulating, thus ;-

I.-Do not assume that the patient's history and symptoms are reliable (p. 129)'

2.-Do not assume that patient is dead, because signs of life are absent (p. I30)'

3.-Do not assume that patient is drunk, because breath sm ells of alcohol (p. 129).

4.-Do not leave an insensible patient except in charge of responsible person (p. [29).

5.-Do not give fluids or solids except · (1) when patient is conscious; (2) able to swallow ; (3) and after testing pow e r to swallow (p. 129)'

6.- Do not use hot water bottles except when (I) wrapped in flannel (2) allowed to heat flannel and (3) tested'with bare elbow (pp. 14 1, 143).

7.-Do not remove to shelter, except (x) insensibility prolonged; (2) in r e cumbent position (p. 13 0 ) and (3), removal absolutely necessary (p. 146).

AID. - 73

injuries to internal organs, &c.) are for this reason accompanied by a grave degree of Shock.

The frequency with which in First-Aid we meet with " com binations of three" is well illustrated in Insensibility, since there are 3 Degrees-sleep, stupor, and coma; 3 pangers-:-fall in body temperature, choking by tongue, flUlds or solids, and burns by hot bottles and 3 reply to speech, response to touch (limbs and eyes) and reaction of pupils. The pupils being under control' of a local n erv ous mechanism which co-ordinates their action and is in its turn regulated by the Brain centres-it follows that when the functions of the brain are in abe ya nce as in cqma then there can be no reaction of pupils.

_ The Objects of Treatment are often a source of mistakes. They !:eek (I) "to ensure action of heart and lungs" and (2) "to pr6vent stupor from deepening into coma," As a fact, this is a difference without a distinction; and, if any student asks me how he, as a First-Aider, can carry out the second instruction, then I would remind him that he is doing this when he is takeing steps to ensure'action of heart and lungs By the way, a third and most important object is given on p. 143-viz. (3) "to maintain heat of body." If the body temperature falls while we are asleep, how much more likely is it to fall wheli we are in a state of stupor or coma? The main obj ect of Treatment, therefore, is to ensure action of heart and lungs ) and maintain heat of body and al so prevent stupor deepening into coma.

The General Rules instruct you "to encourage sleep except with narcotic poisoning" and "to stimulat e except with hremorrhage." With the latter a warning is given to withhold warm tea and coffee after return to consciousness in cases where "hremorrhage, internal or external, is apparent or suspected." This warning requires great "discrimination," because in a case of profound hremorrhage one most distressing feature commonly present is thirst, which is due to loss of blood and can be partially relievgd by administration of fluid.

Under these circumstances cold water given freelY in sips would certainly be indicated when patient is able to swallow and warm drinks may be useful. On the other hand, hot drinks and brandy would, in my opinion, be contra-i ndicated even when the hremorrhage has been controlled-except in the very r are emergency qyoted on p. 144 where the patient is at the pomt of death-bec ause they might unduly stimulate the heart and bring about delayed (reactionary) bleeding

The Causes of Insensibility give rise to many errors, and especially to incomplete answers. For this reason, and since Epilepsy is the only (ondition named itt the book which is always accompanied by complete insensibility, I direct attention to the face and divide the causes into four groups-Red, White, Blue and Convulsive-each of which comprises three main causes.

During 1920 there were 138,702 accidents reported, of which 124,580 were to males and 14,122 to females. The fatal accidents were 1,404. There was an increase in accidents over the previous year of 12,75 0, but the figures, large as they are, fall considerably below those for the year 1913.

The principal resolution passed at the V.A. D. conference last month was that it was desirable that the Women's V. A..D. organisation should remain closely associated with the County Association of the Territorial Army, but it is not desirable that the organisation should be controlled by the latter bodies.

Apart from this failure to realise that with Insensibility "prevtntion" is the great aim of First-Aid, another most common e rror is ignorance of the position and functions of the Sympathetic Nervous System. Students too frequen tly insist 011 placing (or rather misplacing) this nervo us chain within the spinal canal instead of upon the fron t of the bodies of the spinal vertebrre. Further, they fail to realise (1) that the Sympathetic Nervous System regulates th e interaction of the Vital Functions; (2) that interfe rence with these functions plaCES life in jeopardy; and (3) that injuries received by it (e.g., blows on abdomen, .j; Messrs. Bale, Son and Danielsson, Lld hope La issue lhese atLicles , when complele, in book torm.

The RElJ GR OUP (the leading signs of which are more or less complete insmsibility, flushed face, heavy breathing, full pulse) comprises Apoplexy, Compression and Heat-Apoplexy. The WHITE GR OUP (the leading signs of which are more or less complete insmsibility, pale face, shallow breathing, feeble pulse) comprises Syncope (including H re morrhage), Shock (including Concussion), and Collapse. The BLUE GROUP (the leading sigtts of which are more or less complete insensibility, blue face, more or less complete stoppage of bnathing and of pulse) comprises the list of causes of Asphyxia. The CONVULSIVE GROU P are linked together by the occurrence of convulsive move ments, and include Epilepsy, Hysteria and Poisons, of which some are formed

within the body (cl.S in Infantile Fits) and others are introduced into the body of the mouth (e.g., Belladonna, etc.).

By directing attention to the face-and the other three" Standard Guides "-we have an easy way of remembering the common causes of Insensibility; and by noting alterations in them we possess recognising changes for better or worse 10 the patIent s condition.

Concussion is Shock consequent on shaking up of the Brain, and may in itstIf be fatal or be complicated by Compression. The fall in body temperature results from this disturbance of Brain and Nervous System which lose their control and regulation of the Vital Functions, through the inter-action of which body heat is formed. Further, just as the signs of Fractured Base of Skull are often incorrectly given, so the causes of Concussion and Compression are incompletely detailed. If, however, students would associate these conditions together, then they would realise that the direct and indirect causes of Fractured Skull are also those of Concussion and Compression.

When asked the causes of Shock many students fail to include Hcemorrhage whereas it should head their list of causes since blo od is the fluid m edium in which nourishment and waste produc .; arc c" rritd to and from the tissues and loss of blood must more quickly than any other tause bring about profound depression of Nervous System.

With Apoplexy and Compression, which conditions differ only in cause, a mistake commonly made in treatment is to raise patient's head only (instead of head and shoulders), an act which is likely to cause interference with breathing through partial obstruction of trachea. The flushed face is due to dilatation of the blood vessels, a process which (I) arises from irritation of the Circulatory of the Brain through increased p ressure within the skull caused by escaping blood, (2) affects the superficial vessels of the whole body, and (3) results consequently in considerable loss of body heat, unless we take steps to prevent such loss by keeping patient warm by application of blankets to retain heat of fbody or of hot water bottles to give h,at to body.

For this reason, slight elevation of head and shoulders does not decrease the blood supply to face so much as it to diminish pnssure within the skull and to limit further eJcQPe of blood into brain. Similarly, continuous application of cold to head does not drive blood into in! ernal parts but througlz direct action on the vessel causes the superficial vessels to contract and through z'ndir.ect action brings about contraction also of the deep vessels

By the way, just as it is wrong "to pile on" blankets lest breathing and circulation be further impeded, even so it must be realised that cold applications quickly become warm by extracting heat from the body and "continu_us application" of cold requires resoaking of handkerchief in cold water every four or five minutes.

With Apoplexy and Compression a mistake sometimes made in treatment is the application of Smelling Salts to patient's nostrils. Of course this should not be done bt::cause Smelling Salts have a true stimulating effect on the Brain Centres through the nerves of smell. They will certainly cause rise of pressure within the skull and may even bllng about the escape of more blood into the brain tissue, whereby the main object of treatment is defeated.

Reference to Epilepsy in the Textbook is very vague and will mislead rather than assist students, an unfortunate fact since the disease is comparatively common and is said

AI D.- November, 19 2 1.

affect one person in every 1,500 in this country. Epi. epsy is the one condition named in Textbook in which the patient always loses consciousness.

Attacks of Epilepsy may be mild or severe. If mild then sudden, co mplete and transient insensibility may be only sign. If severe, then there are three definite st age s' 1st, sudden and co mplete insensibility; 2nd, which consist of regular (rapidly passing to irregula r) movements, due to spasm of. all voluntary. of body, and 3rd, sleep or automatIC stage, dunng whIch patient may act without conscious knowl e dge. The biti ng of tongue and epileptic scream are evidence of spa sm of muscles controlling jaw and breathing Attemp ts to restrain these convulsions are useless and even ha rmfu l, since thp.y stimulate patient to incr f ased resistance which may result in rupture of contracting muscles.

Convulsions are involuntary contractions of vol untary muscles. In Epilepsy, Infantile Fits and Poisonin g they are II general" because all voluntary muscles of bo dy are involved in Apoplexy they may be "limited to on e side of body," because the b ce morrhage may occur in th e part of tae brain which controls the side affected; in H ysteria they may be "general" or "limited" according to the patient's predilections! ! Further, in Strychnine Pois oning the arched back position is only seen when patien t is on his back and during convulsions, and in Infantile Fits th e blueness of face and other signs of Asphyxia pass off when the convulsive movements cease.

In treatment of convulsions a curious error often occurs, as many students imagine that artificial resp iration must be carried out during the fit to com bat the associated Asphyxia. Of course , breathing is always susp ende d during convulsive attacks ; but it usually restarts, when at the end of th e fit, the muscles relax . In any case, ar tificial respiration is impossible while the patient is convulse d, and can only be undertaken in the quiescent period-b e th is long or short-which invan ably follo ws a fit.

In treatment of Infantile Fits the warm bath causes dilatation of superficlal vessels of body, while cold to the head brings about contraction of superficial as well as of deep vessels within skull. In practice, the warm b ath is probably of real only when onset of fever (the mo st common cause, though not named in the Textbook) is th e exciting cause ; and it is contraindicated if the child can· not be placed in bed and between blankets immed iatel y afterwards. With lowering of fever, brain irritation an d convulsions usually cease.

The inclusion of Hysteria (in · which there is only a partial loss of consciousness) under "Insensi bilit y" is most necessary because the condition is sometimes diffi· cult, even for doctors, to differentiate from certain other conditions, especially Epilepsy. Hysteria results fro m a more or less profound disturbance of the Nervous Sys tem, as the sequel to z"Jl. health (e.g., anaemia) or injury (e.g., gassing, shell-shock, etc.). For this reason it is b y no means limited to "young girls,>' and during the war was frequently seen amongst discharged soldiers, espec iall y those who had undergone some exceptionally sever e nervous strain. The cold water douche is net the onl y remedy. In fact, it usually fails and in treatmen t of Hysterical Fits free play is given to the "resourcefuln ess" of the First-Aider, since the th, eat of doing anything suggestive of physital pain will usually prove successfu l in terminating the fit. The mustard leaf, therefore, is useful partly because it causes local pain and partly becaus e it brings about reflex stimulation of the brain through th e sensory nerves of the skin.

November, 1921. -FIRST

Some students rely unduly on the smell of alcohol as a positive clue to diagnosis. This is a grave mistake, since even in Acute Alcoholism the odour may be absent if the patient, far gone in Collapse, is breathing in very shallow fashion.

CH APTER IV -SCALDS AND LOCAL INJURIES.

Before we discuss the common trrors associated with Scalds, Burns, Bruis e s, Bee-stings, Bites of Animals, etc , it is worth noting that all these are local injuries, the leading signs of which are pain, swelling, redness (the classical signs of inflammation); and furthtr that they may all be accompanied by COll stitu tio nal effects and symptoms consequent on the three pressing dangers with which at all times First-Aiders must be prepared to deal-viz., Shock, HOie'llorrhage and Sepsis.

With Scalds and Burns students usually realise that Shock and Sepsis are the great dangers; but they fail to appreciate that Hremorrhage-often very profuse-may also occur, more especially with Electrical Burns and in those cases which result from contact with a "live" WIre.

No one knows why Shock occurs, though it has been attributed to chemical poisons which, formed at the seat of injury, depress the Nervous System so rapidly and extensively that, if the patient is a child and the burn extensive, then death often takes place within thirty hours. Sepsis, on the other hand, is favoured by the destruction and death of tissue which provides material most suitable for growth of germs and explains the slowness of healing associated with Burns and Scalds.

In the treatment of Scalds aud Burns two very common errors still prevail. The first is that, in competitions at any rate, students are still very fond of pulling .out .a pocket knife with the remark that "adherent clothIng IS now being removed." Please, remember, therefore, that a pocket knife is a most unsatisfactory a sharp pair of scissors which can do thIS work qUickly and efficiently. The erro: Is.that manr esp e CIa lly the senior) students stIll perSIst 10 suggestmg 10 the Examlnation Room and using in practice oily and oil dressings for these injuries, though such applications are no longer pe rmitted in view of the difficulties of sterilising oil and the a ccompanying increased. risk of t.he. already existing danger of thlS reason, It IS wor:h recording that the chOIce of dressmgs to-day m the Textbook includes (I) cottonwool, (2) ltnt smeared thickly with boric ointment, and (3) lint soaked in bicarbonate of soda solution.

Contrary to the views of many First-Aiders, the cotton wool dressing meets with approval of patients and doctors alike -the former saying that it is most comfortable and soothing, and the latter that it is an emergency dre1Jsing because it is more quickly and eaSIly removed than any other. For the same reason it is still advisable to stand by the old Text-book and to use "strips of lint II no broader than "the palm of the hand." Burns in the region of the neck, by reason of their proximity to brain and spinal cord, cause a grave degree of Shock..

Stings of Plants and Ammals produce theIr effects through an acid injection and c.onsequently treated by alkalies. One part of Amrnoma WIth four parts ?f water will serve as "Dilute Ammonia." Blue bag owes Its value in these cases, not to its aniline dye, but to its corn bi?ation of alkalies (of which bicarbonate of soda predommates) and is most efficacious if applied as a paste. Note that

AID.-

7S

the Textbook still allows use of oil in these cases, and that death from Siwck may rapidly supervene after a waspsting if the poison is injected directly into the venous circulation.

With Fish·hook in the Skin you can do as the Textbook says, or, if more convenient, you can first push hook through skin and then clip it off, finally withdrawing portion with dressing. Be ca r eful, however, lest the fragm ent of ho o k fly off, when clipped, and hit you in the eye ! By the way, note the error in the Textbook and remember lhat a fomentation is "lint wrunf!" out 0/ boil£ng water " to remove all moisture which would otherwise scald the part, and not" lint soaked in hot water."

(To be continued).

fettets to the &ditor.

We are in no way resfc sible tor the eXj»'lssd., or the statements made. b, Carl espondcuts .-EDITOR, ETC.

SUGG ESTIO N FOR CARD I DEX. DEAR SIR,-Some time ago you asked for suggestions with r egard to cards (on the card· index system ) giving the work for each member of a D ivi sion I en clos e a copy of a very simple one I have used fo r a fe w year s.

The letters have the following signifiLa n ce :J = date of joining F.A.=dat e of first aid certificat e T., etc. =date of nursing examination, hygiene (H)j W =,:"ar serv ic e U = un iform V = date of voucher: M = medallion number and date; L=dates of labels; R=the reserve (M .H .H.R., V A.D ., et c,) S=dates of service badges dates of promot ion (co rporal, etc. ) ; drills m a particular year; of public duties; E= whether passed annual re-examInatIOn; I = wh ether present at inspection.

1. F.A. T ., et c. W.

v. M. L.

S. P.

. P.D. E. 1.

8 10 108 u.

France.

II 10 13

9

67 -J Serg t. 20

3 Passed

A

- FIR ST

be better than the home made one I used and enclose, but I think this contains the essential facts required.

Yours faithfully, F. C. BOTTO;VILEY.

FUTURE OF V.A..D.'S.

D EA R SIR,-I was greatly interest ed in your article in thIs month s FIR ST Am on the future of Voluntary Aid Detachments. But isn ' t it rather a pity to damp the ardour of the Detachments before the new regulations have actually been published?

All we know at present is that we are to be attached to the Territorials, which is a great honour.

But the Territorials will only require us should they be called up. to the V.A.D.'s from getting rusty in the meanwhIle surely It IS better for them to have some definite work to do, which will occupy them and increase their efficiency and the care of our disabled soldiers is work that should appeal to every Bri tish woman.

Yours faithfully, HILDA BROOKSBANR.

[Our Editorial in last month s issue was not intended in any way to damp the ardour of V.A.D. members but to make their P?sition clear. We think our correspondent has missed the pomt, for under the Territorial scheme she would not be able to undertake civil work without permission of the T.F.A -En, F.A.l

EXAMINATION ON STRICTER LINES.

DEAR S.IR,-I have read the letter on above subject III the October Issue of FIR ST Am, signed W. M.

In my opinion examinations are sufficiently strict and is a that should be left with the examiner. allow exam1OatlOns to be held by Corps or Divisions of the Brigade only, would be a retrograde step. If there are no classes there would b.e no new Divisions formed, I do think, however, that the.lead.mg. members of a ;:lass, say the Secretary and one who assIsts 10 Instructing the class should be members of the St. John Ambulance Association.

If v:'. woul a. take steps to get a .Division of the Brigade formed In hiS locahty, what an honour It would be for him to be a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and also a member. of the St. John Ambulance Association, perhaps however he IS not a member of either.

. What is the objection to forming a Division of the Brigade 10 the area referred to ?

The objects of those who call themselves First Aiders be to First Aid in cases of accident or Illness, and not Simply to go in for winning competitions as such they do not in my opinion further the ambulance ment very much, are some I know who do not care to be mem bers of the Bngade. I n such cases if they would get made of the St. John Ambulance Association they would be asslstmg the movement, and then Association Centres could do more than they are able to do at the present time. . There are :nany who are under a misapprehension and thmk a!e but I may here state that, the gaining a FIrst Aid CertIficate, Medallion, or Label does not constitute membership of the St. Ambulance Association.

Yours faithfully,

E. H. RUSSELL

RICHBGROUGff CASTLE.

DEAR SIR,-My journeys dunng the Great War lead me to the Port of Richborough. There was another mystery at but not in any way connected with the war of the twentieth century namely Richborough Castle, called a because of i'ts masonry. There areJaps m ,;he walls probably, gates were placed.' The Castle was .rar as In:ormation I could et) mtended or used as a milItary establishment, it is !onJectured to have been used as a hospital by the Crusaders h treated the wounde(Crusaders on their return from the' w 0

In those troublesome times, a little extra security arm perhaps that was why the walls were so thick. In the

AID. - November,

1921.

space enclosed by those thousands of tons of masonry there is an p,:!ssage, as far as I remember, about th ree feet WIde and SIX feet high, like the high outer walls there are gaps in the passage, where gates or doors were at one fixed, the PIvotS, in revolving, wore sockets, which can stIll be seen.

!he lined with the same solidity of maso nry that IS charactenstlc of the whole structure. By some und iscovered method the aIr of the passage is always clear and fresh.

I was given a by the guide, who forbade me to make any Jokes about It being a "Roman" candle. I then undertook the tour of the dark subterranean corridor.

The local guide books give but little information about the "castle," most probably because there are no funds available for excavations on the site.

is a museum at the "Castle," showing ordinary exhibIts, as eartheware vases, personal ornaments, hou sehold utensds, etc

The curator, a lady, who took a keen interest in eve rythmg connected with the "Castle," showed to me a slip of paper, wntten by antiquarian visitor, which paper stated, the outer walls, OT the underground passage ( I for get which ) IS In the shape of the Cross of Malta. If that is so I should th.e "Castle" the very birthplace' of St. John FIrst-Alders m England; thiS venerable ruin wou ld then become the Mecca for the Order of St. John.

The last news I had of the "Castle," was a newspap er of the Port of Rlchborough, including the" Castle," being sold by the to a company. someone mterested In these things could get mo!e partIculars and be able to arrive at reliable datum fro m whIch an accurate account could be prepared. visit to. the " Castle" being only a casual and curso ry mspectlO.n, I dId not give attention to it that I afterwards thought It deserved.- Yours truly, T. W. H.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

2,ueries wtll be dealt with under the tollowing rules :I.-Letters con;tai1'in[, Queries must be marked on tke top lejt kan a corner oj tke envelope and addressed-FiRsT Am 46, Cannott-street, London, E. C.4

2. -A II Queries .must be accompanied by a " Coupon" cut fro" tke current tssue oj tke Journal, or in case oj Queries jrom abro Q( jrom a recent issue.

':I.-The Textbook, to wkich reference may be made in thue column j is the 36th (I920) Edition of 5.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

TR EATMENT OF DROWNING.

W. B. (W olverton).-If the hospital is only 100 yards awa y and a stretcher squad is available on the seashore when a man taken out of water - -·apparently drowned, no t breathmg, suffenng also from simple fractures of humerus and nbs-should be justified in loading hi m on the stretcher and removmg to hospital without delay?

Most certainly net! Schaefer's original instructions were to commence artificial respiration-" immediately after remova l from, the water." The Textbook (p. I35 ) modified these an d reads-" t'lmnediately is possible." I n other word s, you must c?mmence actIon on the sea shore; and your su ggested of stretcher. and transport to hospital, however near, Will Involve delay which may rob your patient of his last chance of resuscitation. -N. CORBET FLETCHER.

METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATI(jN.

W. B. it possible to rest<;>re breathing by Laborde s Method 10 a water-logged patient, even thoug h

November, 19 Z 1. - FIR S T

he has simple fractures of upper ribs? Or should we, start with Schaefer's Method?

If your patient is "water logged," neither method will avai l much. In any case I question seriously the value of La borde s Method (for which the presence of fractured ribs is not a contra-indication); and I favour the instructions of the Tex tbook (p. 135) to start (and persevere with) Schaefer's M ethod. See also Queries answered in May and August iss ues. -N. C.F.

BROKEN PATELLA AND TORN THIGH MUSCLE S

E. N. ( Dudley ) expresses his appreciation of the assistance derived from these columns, and asks; With simple Fracture of Patella, accompanied by severed tendons of !lluscles at back of knee-joint, would you flex limb or keep It extended on back splint, after treating wound and any bleeding present?

First-Aid stands for" prevention of aggravation." If you fl ex the knee- joint m this cas e, you will certainly separate the bro ken fragment of patella, while you will probably not relax t he tension 011 the torn muscles.

For th is reason I think that the correct First-Aid treat· m ent undoubtedly is to keep the limb extended, dress the wound, and tJun treat as for fractured patella. See also Query answ ered in October iS5ue.-N. C. F.

I IJURY TO FEi.lORAL ARTERY.

E. N. ( Dudley ).-With profuse bleeding from a wound of the Femoral Artery in its upper third, and no ass£stance OT a1zy k£nd ava£lable, what should a Firtt-Aider do?

Keep up digital pressure and pray hard that-for the pa ti ent's doctor may quickly come on the scene, eqUip ped With hiS emergency bag -N. C. F.

FRAt:TURED NECK OF FEMUR.

G. R. B.C.).-To settle a dispute, we appeal to Ccesar! WIth fracture of neck of Femur, should we omit bandage C of Fig. 28 (Textbook p. 63) and place D high up in shaft of femur, or should we pla c e C and 0 round both limbs as for single-handed treatment (Fig. 29), which does not require the inner splint?

Ccesar being dead, I reply! If you are positive that the frac ture is in neck of femur, then an inner splint is useless, and I prefer your second method if modified by omission of Bandage D since B is placed "on level with hip-joints," although yo ur first plan will carry out the great objects of First-Aidi.e., prevention of aggravation of injury. -N. C. F.

TRANSPORT OF FRACTURED FEMUR.

G. R (Va ncouver, B.C.).-If we have to carry a patient with Fractured Femur on a stretcher round a short, narrow (2 0 degs.) winding passage, should we raise or lower the patient's head, if it is impossible to keep him hori zo ntal while we negotiate the corner?

Your problem amounts in practice to "going up hill," and is settled for you in Textbook (p. I78). Therefore, lower the head lest the weight of the patient s body press on the fractured femur. -N C. F.

A DRILL QUERY.

G. S. K. (B ombay) asks for the latest current opinion on the following points- we will endeavour to assi.it him.

I.-The position of the NO.4 bearer in stretcher drill when the stretcher is loaded and the patient is being removed. Major Ulackham in his "Indian Manual of First Aid"; Messrs. Warwick & Ttunstall in their" First Aid to the Injured and Sick," and J. Scott Riddell in his" Manual of Ambulance," say that the No 4 bearer stands in the centre of the stretcher on the right hand side of the patient.

AID.- 77

I n the following books-" Manual of Drill and CampIng for the St. John Ambulance Brigade," "Stret<;:her Bearer," a list of illustration by George M. Dupuy. "Royal Medical Corps Training, " British Red Cross 1\ Manual of First Aid to the Injured," by J. CantlIe-say that he should stand in line with No. I bearer on the right hand side of the patient. Shepherd and Robert Bruce differ completely from the above. In all of the above books the position of only NO.4 bearer is at variance. Regarding the positions of the other thret bearers, they all agree unanimously. No. stands at the feet of the patient, o. 3 at his head, and NO.2 on his left hand side and in the centre of the stretcher. But these authors reverse the positions of No. and NO.3 The former stands at the head of the latter at the feet, No 2 and ITO. 4 taking their positions in the centre on the sides, former on the right hand one, ami the latter on the left hand.

2- The execution of the Order-" Right or left form." I f the company be in double ranks what is to be the position of the rear rank when the right or left man of the front rank takes a complete right or left turn and the rest In the front rank take a partial turn?

According to the" Manual of Drill and Camping" the rear rank stands fast; but according to Captain C. C. Esson in his" Squad Dnll Illustrated, induding Platoon Drill," the rear rank takes a partial turn.

3 (i) .-Orders regarding the formation of Two-handed seats. These orders are different in different book s. Which is the correct?

" Manual of Drill and Camping " and "Royal Army Medical Corps Traming" advise the following Orders ;-

Form Two-handed J Right files turn to the left and seats left to the right.

Two Files right and left turn

They book their hands. { They come to. t.heir original pOSitIOn.

J. Scott Riddel in his of Ambulance" gives the following orders ;-

Form Two-handed seats

Front

(They turn and hook the ir l hands. { They come to their original position.

(ii.) Can the instructor give the order" Form twohanded seats " after the order for an "About-turn" which is I!iven first. -

The numbers are not changed after the order for an "About-turn " as in NO.2.

4. - Lastly, I want to know exactly what is to be done after the order for dismissing is given. Our .'V1anual of Drill and Camping for St. John Ambulance Brigade says that on the word ., Dismiss " the men take a right turnsalute and then disperse. My d iffi culty is whether the men should turn if they are in files instead of ranks. If they are in the latter of the above positions are they to take a right turn ?

(I) \Ve have yet to find the Drill Manual that is yet a "Tutor." Years ago we cam e to the conclusion that all " Drill Books" were only" Aids Memoire" to the man who had spent his life on the Drill Square. .

Obviously the answer to our IS;-That he is a St. John's man-that the offiCIal DrIll Manual for the Brigade is " Drill and Camping" and he must accept that as his textbook. The books which he refers to were doubtless wntten from different points of view and at different periods, having certain objects under review.

The Boer War with its long range firing entirely altered the depositions of Stretcher Bearers. Conseq.uently after that war the R.A.M.C. Manual was completely reVised and altered so far as Stretcher work is concerned.

" Drill and Camping" is an extract of Manual for the use of S.J.A.B. Units, because the was tram 109 Reserves to serve with the Regular Army m war tIme. From a civilian point of view, we should favour the I o. 4-

-FIR.ST

marching at the Centre of the Stretrher, because often in civilian ambulance work, the man who acts as NO.4 is either the only First Aider of the team or else is the best man at First Aid work. From that position he can best watch his patient.

Bllt Army Stretcher Bearer work is different. All the bearers are First Aiders and the safety of his squad is quite as important as the care of his patient-hence his altered position -especial!y as all his men should be equally good First Aiders. The care of the patient falls therefore to the NO.2 bearer.

Surely whether No. I or No. 3 takes the head of the stretcher is a matter of indifference so long as the stretcher is carried at the proper level.

(2) On the command" Right Form" the rear rank stands fast.

The right hand man of the front rank turns to his right. The remainder of the front rank turn half right.

That is correct as shown in om correspondent's No. 2 diagram, because it is understood that the Rear Rank conform to the movement of Hz's front rank man.

NO.4 diagram is entirely wrong; if our correspondent looks at his own diagram, he will see that if the rear rank man also turns (half-right) and goes straig ht in front of him, he could not possibly form up immediately in rear of his front rank man.

C3) Hand Seat Drill. - -Perhaps after turning about, it would be more correct to re-number, and would, therefore, be more easily understood, but what is the object of all training?

I s it not to quicken the intelligence of each man?

If a squad of recruits were being drilled-Yes! re-number, but if partly trained men, they would re-num ber. I t would be sufficient to them about, as each man would, or should, know that he IS reversed and therefore becomes the even or odd number as the case may be.

(4) you have one man or a Company

In LIne, or In fours on the Qrder to "Dismiss," the man or men should turn to the right and salute with the right hand.

R.N.A.S B. RESER\ 'E BOUNTY.

CorpI. T. (Salford ) asks when the R.N.A.S.B. Reserve men are likely to receive their annual bounty.

The bounty was. only introduced this year and it is payable on the comP.1etlOn of a year from 1St April last. The necessary forms WIll be sent from Headquarters in due course.

Father (Weston-super-Mare) asks: Can the medals of a son killed in action, 1918, be worn on the right breast of the father who has served nearly five years in the H.H.R., R.A.M.C?

No.

H. T. S. asks ( I) After changing bearers in stretcher dnll does the original NO.4 remain in command or does the original No. I now occupying No. 4 position assume command.

(2 ) \yhat constitutes the equivalent rank in the Bngade, If a member who was promoted Sergeant in the R.A.M.C. the '!Var I914 to 19I9, and can anv clalm.hls rank If a vacancy exists in his Division With the sanctIOn of the Chief Commander?

( 1) According to Text Book all orders are given by No

4· In arrangmg NO.1 becomes NO.4.

(2) Sergeant becoml11g supernumerary to establishment to be as a vacancy arises-if sanctioned by the Chief CommIssioner.

A. P. (Ilford) ask: What position does an N.C.O. hold who wears Sergeant's stripes on each arm with the Brigade Badge. above same, also what qualifications are necessary to attam such rank ?

The qualifications necessary are five years effiCient servIce III the Brigade.-En.

A GREAT FIRST AID TO AID.

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a to welcomed by all our. readers who wish to study theIr subject more deeply than IS possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, ., The Modern Physician II stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins " or dummies more especially in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attention is devoted t? Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, aIr, exerCIse, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here been assisted by a number of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with.

A FEW OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:"Its excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The sec.tIOn d.eahng ambulance work is especially good. The book is wntten m splendId style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

I. C. BENNETT, Matron, Metropolitan Hospital, writes:"The' Modern Physician is an excellent work and very lucidly written. So many text -Jooks are too difftcult for the average nu se to but the 'Modern Physician seems thoroughly up to date and yet I am particularly by the e} cellent type, pnntmg and good Illustration s."

Mr. A. H. HART, Canbury Park Rd" Kingston-on-Thames, writes:., After a.caleful perusal (f the 'Modern Physician' I am forced to are many co mmendable points in C0nnectlOn wllh It that It IS exceedingly difficult to indiViduali ze its innumerable merits; but if there were three things which especially impressed me, the:y as follows :-(1) The up -to -date character of the work; (2) the slmphclty of the language used; (3) its practi cahili ty. "

A FREE BOOKLET.

TO THE CAXTON PUBLISHING COMPANY, LTD. 83, SURREY S T REET, LONDON, W.C.2.

Please send me, FREE OF CHARGE and wilbout any obligation on my part

Illustrated Booklet of " THE MODERN PHYSIClA,N."

NAME (Send this Form on a Postcard.)

AODRltSS

November, 19 2 [. -FIRST

II---'N---II SPORTS INJURIES

bruises, sprains, cuts, s tiff I' and swollen joints, the ideal II treatment is IODEX.

I n the treatment of stiffness, soreness, and conditions arising from vigorous exercise, IODEX is supenor to liniments and embrocation.

The ready absorption of I 0 D EX secures deep penetration of its Free Iodine which quickly reduces swelling or inflammation, relieves pain, and aids the restoration to normal health. IODEX does not blister, harden, or stain the skin, and may be used when other forms of iodine are inadmissible.

Prescribed Every

F or well over 25 years Hall's Wine has been prescribed by medical men with implicit confidence In the results. I ts value has been proved in daily practice.

Hall's Wine is beneficial in cases of

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION RE ADINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

A member OJ S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the cou rs es of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, bu t could never find where to get such." (T. B.)

S pecial terms now-half

and

for hastening recovery after illness and in convalesence generally. Because it increases the powers of resistance, it is a valuable safeguard in low conditions of health.

The consistent result of Hall s Wine have long since established its reputation, and to:day many practitioners regard it as the Standard Tonic Restorative.

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF

AI D. - November, 19U

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORItET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantab), M.R.e.s.

AI DS TO FI RST-AI D.

Fifth Edition. Post free IS Slmpl."led aud Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. e 01. S,.- lames € antlze contributes an introduction and we endorse h' opinifln 0/ the book." -LANCET. IS

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Second Edition. Price 9d •• post free. " Th' aud Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. zs 00 won rfolly szmplifies a complex subject and should be ,.cad b r students."-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE. 11 a

WHY AND IN FIRST-AID

Third Edition. Price 18., post free

,,!1)11ICUltieS In aud Treatment solved by Question and Answer e commend thzs book to Lecturers and Students who will jind it 0/ se1 viee. "-FIRST AID. peat EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

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By AJN' M. CAln'ELL, M.R.C.S.Lood INDEX OF , Fcap. 8vo. Post free, Is.8d. FI.RST AID IN FEW WD-RDS. (60th thousand) Wlth Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. Paper, 2 d'. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (16th thousand). 14 pp. P aper, 2d.

By HOWARDTHM E • TPRRESTON. Demonstrator to the Polytec hnic IANCULAR BANDAGE·

Its ApplIcatIOn Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and'II6 Diag 116 Illus. Price, IS. net; postage 2d. rams.

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FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS Thuteen on Roller. Post free, 35. 9d. net. Each Diagram separately, 3d. 5, 6 and 14 (coloured), 6d. each.

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANOE.

The fees are Me.mbers and Fellows have the use of Anatomical d P h logIcal Museums, Bandag!ng Rooms, Ward, Library Ro?m. Annual SubscnptlOns: Members £1 IS ., Fellows £ g WrIte for Prospectus to the MANAGING SECRETARY 56 Q2 2S. Anne S tr eet, W.r. 'Phone: Mayfair 4 65 2 • "ueen

Ith Edition 150th THOUSAND. Fully RevisBd. S ff Wzth 3 0I Illu strations, some coloured tl Boards, 2/9 net, or Limp Leather, 5/3 ne t; post free. ..

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THE COMPLETE MANIKINSystems 0f Body accurately indexed. to Studen ts of Anatomy, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Pnce 25. net; postage, ..cd.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING

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POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.' • THIRD EDITION.

By J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G" C I.E., D.S.O M D (I) POlsonmg,. (2) Hremorrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Breathmg), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains (6)Wou nds Ites, Burns,. Scalds, ,Rupt,":re and .Minor Injuries. The all the essentIals of Fust Ald. Pnnted on linen-lined cards 3i" x 5' 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra. 2" • HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS

By NOEL D. M.V.O .• M.D., F.R.C.P.• Fscp. 8vo. lrmp cloth. IS. 6d. nel' pos t 3d THE BIRTH AND EARLY DA S • TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUSl By "WAGON-LIT.'" ro1 d. p6st free. •

Rank and File Tunic and Trouser s, to • • rr:easure, £2 7S. 6d. Pattelns and on apphcatlOn.- Thornton & Co., tailors 24 CommerCIal-street, Bnghouse. ,

a quantity. of Men's Ambulance Unifo rm all Sizes, qUite new, J6s. 6d. a pair. Also 20 Untform to clear, at lOS. per pair, guite ne w. so I4 S. J.A. B. Nurse s Coats, all wool grey serge to cle ar at 37 S 6d., cannot repeat.- Thornton & Co tailors B' h ,rtg ou se.

"FIRST AID"

QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries Nov . 1921

FIRST AI - AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 33o.-VOL. XXVI

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI RST AID is published on the :aoth 01 each month. The Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d • Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (n ot necessarily For {}ublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4· Telegrapkic Address: "Twentv-four, London." 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

j"he f;ditor, and Staff of j\id" wish aU their readers a }{appy ehristmas and a }{ew Hear.

OF recent years industrial WeFare has First Aid in played a large part in improving the Factories. conditions of workers in factories and workshops, this is too extensive to be analysed in detail in these pages, but for full information of this subject the reader is referred to The Industrial Clt'nic (John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd.) by Professor Collis who has made a deep study of the subject and deals with it from the medical and physiological aspect.

Looking at the subject from the First Aici and Ambulance point of view the recent legislation imposed by the State making it necessary for the equipment of First Aid

appliances in factories in which certain industries are carried on, has done much to minimise the severity or accidents. In large establishments throughout the country the ambulance accommodation is all th at could be desired, and some of these have a whole time medical officer of welfare worker in charge of the arrangements, and a prac· tical working scheme has been devided so that a squad of workers trained in First Aid is located in each shop or department, and any employee meeting with an accident in this way receives immediate skilled attention.

In small factories, however, where no organised service exists, there being simply the minimum First Aid Equipment provided under the Home Office Regulations the scope of work for the St. John Ambulance Brigade and Association is unlimited for it is here that they can encourage the workers to join a class in First Aid, which is generally a forerunner of other health activities. The advantage to th e worker, of prompt and efficient aid after accident, is obvious ; which advantage equally accrues to the employer. Each case represents the interruption in the routine work, quite apart from the compensation claim, from the first point of view alone it is necessary to have adequate arrangements for dealing promptly with any accident. If this were brought promin ently to the notice of the employers we feel sure he would not hesitate in giving his support to the employees wishing to undertak e a course of First Aid training, in )his way the ranks of th e ambulance workers would be consid erably increased. Their work should produce a feeling that to work in safety is everyone's responsibility and a better spirit will result.

The Speaker of the House of Commons has invited a part of the wounded ex-Service men to take tea with him on December 2nd at the Speaker's house, after which he is himself showing th e party round the House of Parliament. This is one of the early responses to the re cent appeal made by the Joint Council of. of S t. John and the British R e d Cross for lDvltatlOns to the ex-Service men still in hospital, on the part of th e ge n e- rat public.

3'he Grand jlriory of the Order of the }(osp\tal of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

No. Distric.t COMMISSIONER;

3'he St. John ..Ambulance Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

January, 1922.

Sunday, Ist.-No. 13 Division, Kinll's Cross, G.N.R.

8th.-No. IS " East Ham.

I5th.-No II \Vembley and Harlesden.

22nO. - No. 17 " Merton and Wimbledon

29th.-No. 19 South Met. Gas Company.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

THE EMLYN JONES

The ComlT!issioner has very much pleasure in making it known that maInly through the efforts of the Grays Division the sum of over £ 1,000 has been raised in the neighbour hood of Grays, to endow a bed in the London Hospital, in memory of Dr. Emlyn Jones, late Surgeon of the Grays Division, and formerly Surgeon to the Toynbee Hall Division.

The Division is also taking steps to raise further Sllms for the annual maIntenance of the bed.

Dr. Emlyn Jones, in a comparatively short life did much exce.llent work for No. I District of the Brigade, and it is gratlfymg .to find hl.s work has so well recognised by his comrades 10 the Brigade, and hiS fellow townsmen in Grays.

SPECIAL GRANT OF 4S. PER DAY FOR MEMBERS OF THE BRIGADE SERV I NG IN THE R.A.M.C.

A number of applications has been received from several Pivisions of the Brigade, asking that members who joined up In the early of the War should receive an allowa nce of 4 S per day. A list of the applicants has been forwarded to the Chief Commissioner, who has referred the matter to the War and the following is a copy of the reply which he has received :-

vVar Of5ce, London, S. W. I, November 25th, 192J.

SIR,-In reply to your letters of the 9th inst. and 21st lOSt. No. forwarding from members of the Mili· !ary Home Hospita l who served during the war m the Roya.l Army Med ical .Corps, claims for a sp ecial :ate of pay 1Q respect of their serVices, I am directed to mform yo.u,. that only those men who were definitely attested, wlthm the number required, under Army Order 28 3 of 1914 on for 12 months or the duration of the and for Gen eral Service with the ExpeditIOnary Force, were eligible fO r that rate of pay.

All men who were so attested have received that rate of pay.

The Special Rate of pay was not payable in resp ec t of men whose engagements were for 6 months or the duration of the \Var, and for Home Service only.

men referred to in tee enclosures to your letters not being attested, under the conditions of Army Order 28 3 of J 9 14, have therefore no claim to pay at other than the Pay WC!:rrant Rates, which rates they have already I t IS therefore regretted that their claims are madmlsslble.

I am, Sir, Your obedient servant (Sign ed ) R. I)ATEMAN. for the Secretary (Fi nance).

AI D.- December, 1921.

DUTY REPORTS.

The attention of all officers and members in charge of Division s is directed to the of returning the Duty Report promptly on the conclusIOn of the Duty to which It refers. Fai l ure to do this entails a large amount of unneces sary corres pondence.

The Duty report should be posted to Headquarters on the same day as the Duty is performed.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commission er.

To N.C.O.'s of the Prince of \Vales 's Corps.

DEAR COMRADES,-A meeting of intending member s of the club for W.O.'s and Sergeants of the Prince of Wales s Corps was held on Wednesday, November 16 th, and it was ?ecided to e x tend the membership to all N.C.O. s, thus includlUg- co rporals.

Owing to the meeting n?t being a very large one, it was deCIded to hold over the subject of fees until the next meeti ng when it was hoped that there would be a larger attendance.

At that meeting a contemporary chairman and secret ary was elected.

I t was also suggested that I being the pioneer of the movement, should send a personal letter to the Commissioner asking for his sanction and esteemed support; this has done and I am pleased to say that he has been pleased to give me hIS approval and the approval of the headquarter staff.

I shall be holding the next meeting during the first week IU January, 1922, the exa c t date and place I cannot announce unt il the end of this month, as arrangements have to be mad e for the use of the room.

I shall be pleased to send the particulars to all N.C.O .'s who will communicate with me, expressing their desire to become members. therefore hope that ;;\S many as are able, will attend tha t meetmg, so th a t we can g et on with the real business .- I remain, yours sincerly, SERGT. G. E. J. BUSHNELL, lVI.H.M., Temporary Chairman.

88, Thorpedale-road, Finsbury Park, N.W.

HAMPSTEAD (20) DIVISION.-On Armistice Sunday November 13th, the Division, assisted by members of Northern Heights, St. Pancras Y.M.C.A., and Borough o f St. Pancra s Divisions, held the most successful Church Parade in its history, some sixty officers and men turning out in uniform.

Divine S ervice was attended at Trinity Presbyterian the minister o f the Rev. Chalmers Lyon, M. A. , III an and IOsplnng sermon on "Serv ic e, " paid a sympathetIC trIbute to the work and objects of the Brigade. A fterwards at his inspection of the Parade he congratulate d the on their smart turn out, expressed his ple asure at the local representatIves of an organisatio n whose chief object was "the service of their fellows in times of accident."

POST OFFICE A l\1BULA NCE CORPS.-The finals of th e Ambulance Competitions for the "Challenge Shield" and th e "\:'V0.men's. Trophy" were held in the large hall, Leysia n MuslO.n, City-road, .E .C., on Wednesday. November 16th, 192 1. I n spite of very mclement weather, the function was well by" Postal Officials an? of the competitors. scene for .both tests was Identical, representing a waySide statIOn where a workman had been repairing a defectiv e Signal and had fallen from the top of the signal-post across one of the metals , fracturing his spine. In the fall had knocked down man, causing a wound in the ;;Ith and spraining hi s ankle. First Aid appliances were available at the station and could be obtained on application to the poli ce on duty.

For the "Women's Trophy," teams · from the followin g offices competed in the final: - G.P.O. South (telephones)

Deceml:>er, 19 2 1. -FIRST

(h older s); G.P.O. West (t elegr a phs ) and the Accountant Ge neral's Dep ar tment.

For the " C hallenge Shi eld " the finalists were teams fro m ;-' North Western District Office (ho lders) ; Inland Section "A" ; Inland Section" B" and the Western District Office

The results were; -

"Women's Trophy." -Winn er s.; G.P.O. South (teleph one s)- T eam : .Miss B L. Webb (leader), E, Drewe, F. Fost er, M. Cartwnght.-373 marks.

2. G.P.O. West (teleg raphs ), marks.

3. Accountant General's Department, marks.

C ha llen g e Shield.- Winners: Inland Section" A" team. -M r. F. W. King (leader), A. H. Cawson, L. Looms, C. J. Star es .-436 marks.

2. North Western District marks.

3. I nl and SectIOn " B."-404 marks.

4. Western District Office.-318 marks.

The qualifying test, which also took the form of an Individual Com pe tition for the "Corps Trophy," was held on November 7th, I92I, and resulted in ;Mr. W. H. Broom (In land Section) winning with 78 marks.

Mr. W. H. Rickard (We stern D.O.) running up with 7 1 marks.

At the conclusion of the Final Competitions the respective trophies were presented by the Rt. Hon. F G. Kellaway, M. P., H. M. Postmaster· General, who paid a high tribute to the efficie n cy of the competitors and to the work of the Post Office Ambulance Corps generally.

No. 4 District.

OLDHAl\l,-The 25th anniversary of the formation of the Oldham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was celebrated this month in the Music Room, Werneth Park, which was kindly lent by Miss Lees for the occasion.

After an excellent tea had been prOVided, a meeting was presided over by Sir G. W. Needham, President of the Oldham Centre of the Association who was supported by the Mayor and Mayoress of Oldham ( Alderman and Mrs. Houghton), Drs. Williamson. ( Medical C?ffi.cer of Healtl:), Davi es O.B.E., of Shaw (ASSistant CommissIoner NO·4 DIStric t ), Mooney, of Manch este r, Lendrum, O.B.E. (Corps Surg.), Oliver, Fa wcett, and Mr. S. G. Halbert (late Corps Supt.).

The Mayor emphasised the need for greater ambulance s ervi ce in Oldham, and more recognition by the public to aid ambulance nurses and men were ever ready to respond in cas es of illnes!:l and accidents.

No. 5 District.

NORTH AREA, DERBYSHIRE.-The second Quarterly Conference of Medical Ambula nce and NurSIng Officers in the area was held at Chesterfield on Saturday, N ovem ber 5th under the pre side ncy of Commissioner S. '-IV. Malkin, Io. 5 District.

Assistant Commissioner Harry C. Chambers, in charge of the area, was present, a lso Lady District <!. E. Wood, M.B.E., and also officers from the followmg DIvIsions; Bolsover Ambulance and Nursing, Chesterfield Ambulance and Nursing, Langwith Colliery Ambulance, Sheepbridge and District Ambulan ce, Shirebrook Ambulance, and Staveley Ireland Colliery Ambulance.

Attention was directed to the question of effiCiency of members during the period of the war, and who were i.n d:mger of losing the same t.hrough to comply WIth the Brigade Regulations dUring that [t \ \'as deCIded to submit a memorial to the Cblef on the subject. Other matters relative to the work of the Bl'1gade and the area were discussed. The nex t Conference was fixed for Saturday, February 4th, and it was decide.d th a t the Divisional Secretaries be admitted to future meetmgs.

The f ll st combined parade 'of the Ambulance DlvlSlcns 10 the recently fOimed North Area, Derbyshire was held on Sun-

AID.-

day, November 6th. It took the form of a church parade and was held at Staveley, near Chesterfield.

The following were present :-Assistant Commissioner Harry C. Chambers, Commanding and Staff Officer C. Hamer, Staveley Ireland Colliery Ambulance Division under Divi· sional Supt. J. Hunter, 5 officers and 36 other ranks; Hasland Ambulance Division, 12 other ranks; Creswell Ambulance Division, Divisional Surgeon and Supt. W. T. Wood, 2 officers and 43 other ranks; Bolsover Ambulance Division, Divisional Supt. J. Allcock, 3 officers and 33 other ranks; Shirebrook Ambulance Division, Divisional Supt. T. Liddell, 2 officers and 22 other ranks; Sheepbridge and District Ambulance Division, DiviSIOnal Supt. J. T. Goodwin, M.B.E., I officer and 21 other ranks; Chesterfield Ambulance Division, Ambulance Officer C. Edwards, officer and 19 other ranks; Warsop Main Colliery Ambulance Division from the Nottinghamshire Area was also present with their bugle band, under Divisional Supt. J. W. Sleight, I officer and 40 other ranks; making a total of 17 officers and 226 other ranks.

Divisional Surgeon and Supt. W. T. Wood was Actmg Staff Officer in attendance on the Commissioner; Divisional Supt. J. Hunter was Acting Adjutant.

The divisions, who mostly arrived by motor charabancs, assembled in the yard of the Ireland Colliery, and by the prize band of the Staveley Old Comrades ASSOCIatIOn and the Warsop bugle band marched to the parish church.

After service the divisions "fell in " outside the church and were inspected by Commissioner S. W. Malkin, commanding NO.5 District.

A short rOllte march round Staveley then followed, after which the Commissioner addressed the parade. After being dismissed, about 150 officers and men sat down to lunch at the Markham Hall. A few toasts were drunk and one or two speeches made.

A pleasing featme of the day was the appearance on Parade of the venerable Rector of Staveley, Canon C. H. 1-Iolineux who donned his old Volunteer Chaplain s Unif?rm and took part in the Inspection and Route l\larch, hesldes taking the service, he was alsr pres.ent at the lunch.

Every detail was carr ied ont With a smartness that augurs well for the future efficiency of the new area, and the appearance of all ranks on Parade excited very favourable general comment.

It is hoped to hold similar parades in the area besides field days and week end camps nel<t year.

No. 8 District.

GUILDFORD -The inspeetion uf the Corps took place on Tuesday, the 8th inst., at the CongregatlOnal Halls, Guildford.

This wa" the first inspection as the corps was only formed a year or so ago, and ?ne interesting feature was the pr.esentation of the Long Service Medal to Corps Officer J. \\. Lambert who had been ambulance officer and now promoted . to Corps officer, and had served in the Brigade for ?ver thirty years. He has also recently had the honour of bemg an Honorary Serving Brother of the Order. A presentatIOn was made to him from past and present members o.f Guildford Division in recognition of their keen appreCiatIOn of his services.

No. f) District.

PLY;\lQUTH -One of the notable events in the de partiTJent of the Order of St. John for the year now c!osmgwas the transfer of the large and active and DIstrict Ambulance Service to the Association and Brigade: The Plymouth organisatinn, one of phenomenal gro\\ th,. 10 the br lef space of ten years evolved fr?m a youths first aId W1th only a crucie improvised equipment to one possesslllg four ambulance stations, a fleet of ambulances, and a personel of 25 0 officers and members. .'

As a result of happy negotiations, III which the Dlrect.or of the Ambulance Department (Lord Monson ), and th.e Chief Commissioner (Sir James Clark) personally took a co nsl.derable part, the Plymouth and District Centre of the ASSOCiatIOn was

-FIRST

formed of the friends of the original movement, who hold prominent public positions in South Devon and East Cornwall, for the purpose of continuing the extensive educational and financial side of the work. The surgeons, officers, men and sisters transferred to the St. John Ambulance Brigade, where they were appointed to equi valent ranks or promoted The Divisions within the Borough of Plymouth were formed Into a Corps, and were joined by the existing S J A. B. units, which have since, as a result of united effort, grown from a lan g nishing condit ion to one of intense activity, increased membership and renewed enthusiasm Fortunately the unity between the old and the new units proved to be far more than a "paper transaction. "

Because of this important event there was naturally keen interest aroused and appreciation felt when the news was received that Sir James Clark, the Chief Comm issioner. accompanied by Major Darvil-Sm ith, the Brigade Se cretary, intended making the first annual inspection

The inspe ction took place on November 25th in the largest hall obtainable-the Drill Hall of the Territorial Force, when a total of about 300 d all ranks paraded under Corps Supt. T. A. Hitchcock. Nine Ambulance and six nursing div;sions were drawn up in inspection formation when the Chief Commissioner arrived and proceeded to the saluting base, where he was received with the General Salute. He was a ccom · panied by Major Darvil -Smith, CB E., as his staff officer, Assistant Commissioner Hedley Miller ( County of Devon ), District Officers T. Perkins and T. Pen gaily and Corps Surgeon Capt. H. F. V ellacott, M.C., F.R.C.S.

After a close inspection of those on parade, the band meanwhile playing appropriate selections, an effective march past in column of divisions was carried out in order of seniority, being followed by a march in column of route. On to line, the Chief Commissioner called for an exhibition of first aid and home nursing work, and in a very short space of time the expanse of 20,000 feet of floor space was a scene of animation in all directions, as the variou s d ivisions carried out their work.

On completion of the various tests and the examinat ion of the Corps and D ivisional records, &c" a hollow square was formed and the Chief Commissioner presented the Lon g Service medal of the Order to Ambulance Offi cer Wingfield, and to Sergts. Hughes and Rich of The Millbay Railway Division

A pathetic incident was the presentation of The Vellum Vote of Thanks of The Order to the son of Lady Supt. Gale , who attended on her behalf, it being impossible, because of a long and critical illness, for her to personally receive the honour. Assistant Commissioner Miller spoke of the long and fa ithful service Mrs. Gale h a d rendered to the Brigade, referring to the considerable work she carried out in that very hall when it was a large V.A.D. hosp ital

In his which terminated the. proceedings, Sir J ames Clark said It was a great pleasure to him to inspect the Corps and outlying Divisions, he was delighted at the (intelligent manner in which the drill and first aid demonstrations were carried out, and congratulated Plymouth at the remarkable development of its ambulance wo rk.

The day following, November 26th, was devoted to visiting the New Central Ambulance Station and County Headthe nursing station, and the sub-stations, by means of which m-:er 5,000 are treated or ,transported every year. The Chief was espeCially interested in the Central Station at the Central Depot. where a complete accident and fire alarm system is installed, the motor ambulances being automatically called simultaneously with the fire engines to all outbreaks of Another feature of the organisation which called for speCial comment was the remarkable spirit of with the local division of the Red Cross; not only are Its headquarters shared by nursing divisions of the S.J.A.B., but members of the B R.C.S. Detachments readily assist the Borough of Plymouth Corps in all its work.

Lieut:-Col. C. I. No. 9 District ) has

SIDce received the Chlef Comml.sslOner s congratulations, and also a commendatIOn to to all who took part in the parade, and who are responSible for the creation and maintenance of so virile a branch of the Order's Ambulance Service.

AI D.- December, 192 I No. 10 District.

We regret to re col d the de a th of Colonel G. S. Ellist on Co m missioner of the District which took place on Nov. 20th: Dr. Elliston who was for over 30 years ( 1874-1904) med ical offi cer of health for the county borough and port of Ipswi ch. He was born in 1844 the third son of Dr. William Ellist on. Educated at I pswich s chool and Guy s, he held various hosp ital appointments until he was appointed first medical officer of health for his m ,tive borough. In that capacity he did nota ble pioneer work.

Apart from his publi c health duties the great interest of Dr. Elliston's life was army medical work. He wa s a Volunteer before he entered Guy s, and he only retired fr om the Terr itorial Force when he had already passedJan exten ded age li mit. He was a member ef the War Office Commi ttee that drew up the scheme for the medical services of the Te rritorial Force, and he was first A.D.M.S. of the East Angli can Division. On his retirement, in 19 I2 , he was entertained at dinner by a notable g atherin g of R.A.M.C (T F. ) officers 111 recogn ition of his conspicuous services.

Colonel Ell iston began ambulance work in 1879 and in 1880 he assisted in organising the Ipswich Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, beooming a veritable tower of strength to the movement. He instructed many classes for the Ipswich Centre, and for the East Suffolk County Council, and examined very many more, and was quite a recognised leader and authoritative ex ponent throughout East Anglia. The St. John Ambulance Association re cognised his services by mak ing him Examiner in 1880 and honorary life member in 1881, a nd the Order of St. John ele c ted him an h cmoraryassociate in 1893 . In Augu s t 18 96, he was further honoured by bei ng appointed Deputy-Commissioner ane Commissioner of No. 3 District, now No. to Distri c t, and later by the appointme nt of Knight of Gra c e of the Order of.st. John.

Dr. Elliston wa s one of the first recipients of the Volunte er De corat ion, and n 191 he was created a C.B.

No. 12 ( Irish District )

The Commi') s ioner has recei ved from Mr. and Mrs. R. H. K eatin g e, hon. treasurers of the Sale held on behalf of th e Bri g ade Funds in O c tober last, a cheque for £30 4 25. bein g the net result of their efforts

Letter from Commissioner :I wish to th a nk very heartily and cordially all th e officers, members, a nd who organ ised and helpe d at the stall s and entertamment at the recent Sale, whi ch resulted in the m agnifi cent sum of .£304 2S. being raise d for Brigade funds. Seeing that the sp ac e available fo r Sale was so small, I think it reflects the greatest credit on a ll concerned.

Bri g ade members please remember our beautiful Distr ict Calendar, on s ale at Brigade Headquarters, 40, Merrionsquare, pri ce 2S. 9d., post free. Also a Brigade Christma s c ard, appropr iate designed, price 6d., with envelopes. Ass istant Commissioner Colonel R. J, Blackman is editing the Iri s h A mbulance Ga zette, which is to be in the future the organ of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Ireland. The G azette is to be issued quarterly and will be on sale at Headquarters 40 , Merrion-square, price 3d. The first number will be issued January 1st, 1922.

Superintendents of Divisions please note all Divisiona l returns for 192 I should he in the Brigade Headquarters not later than January loth, 1922. There are Return Cups fo r Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, and we hope all record s will be sent in "promptly, accurately, and. neatly," with a vie w to competition for these trophies.

A Recreational Institute has recently been formed by the m e mbers of the Newport (Mons.) Corps, S.]. A. B. The Club is open to all members of the Corps, who may invite friends if they wish.

December 1921. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

TIfE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE aAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

NO V EMBER , 192 1.

The Rt. Hon . The Earl of P ly m outh, S ub-Prior, a cting .on behalf of the Grand P rior , has san ctioned the foUowmg appointment :Assistant Comm issioner Maj or Jame s Fr a n CIS , Hossack, F R.C.S , to be Commissioner of No. Dlstnct m succession to Colonel G. S Elliston, deceased, With eff e ct from 18. [1.21

B O. 41 6.-Command of the St. J ohn Ambulan ce B ri gade. It is notified that C olonel C. R. Ty r ell, C R ,O.B E., A.M.S .( R ), the Deputy, C h ier C omm is s io n er, will a ct for the Chief Comm iss ioner durmg hiS a bsen ce a broad fro m the 13 th De cember, 19 2 J.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanction e,d followi!Jg appoi ntments, promotions, tr a ns fe rs and reslgnatlOns :-

No I DI STRICT PRINC E OF W AL E S'S CORPS ). No. 13 ( Kin g's Offic er P ercy John Sebri g ht to be D IVI Sio n a l Supt " 101,1.21, , No. 58 ( London Po st Offi c e) D lvlsl on .-Ser g t. WillIam

Alfred Rushmere to be Offi cer, 14. 11.21 No. 56 ( Cri ckle wood ) D lv ls lOn, -·Geo rg e Pa rren Hart to he Ambulan c e Officer. 14. 11. 2 1 , No. 85 ( Bor o u g h of Eallll g) D lv ls lon .-P te . John S tandin ford to be Ambul an ce Offi cer, IS I L 21 g Captain Tohn B en Jobnson, M .B .E ., obe Hon o rary P res ident,29· 12 2o " L dAb No SIN (Blackheath ) Nursmg DIVlSlOn ,-:- m ulance Offi cer Eli zabeth Lu cy May to be L a d y D IVI Si onal Supt"

28. 40 ( Be ckton ) Division. -:-piv isi on a l S upt , E. A. Pe rry t ransferred to the Horseferry DIVI Si on Ambul a nce Offi cer Arthur J a mes G r ay to be D lvlslor,al

S upt 811.21 I· H No. 16 ( New C ross ) Division. - Ser gt. Wd la m enry Webb to be Ambulance Officer, 21.11. 21 , N ? ., ( Hospital Saturday Fund ) Dlvl sl on . - Andrew F °B' 13 Ch B to be Divisional S urgeon, 2 1.11.21 arm e, " , No. 2 DI STRICT

Shirley Ambulan c e Division. - Ambul a n ce Offi cer H. A. r' ross resigned, 3 1.10.21 " I

v Cil of BristOl Corps (" C" Div is ion ) - Re serve

S y Henry William M Strover, O. B. E. , M. B., Cb B , urgeon

0 be Divisional Surgeon, 5. 11.21 'M ReS Swindon Division.-George Rodway Swmhoe, ,

L R C P to be Divisional Surge on, 1 J, I 1,2

'H i h Wycombe Me nz ie Blalkle to be Supt., vice P.lvlslOnal Supt. and Sur g eon C. A.

P k r who remains DiVISional Surgeon S, 11. 2 I " ar City Division.-Staff Ser g t. Freder ic k William Rittman to b e Ambulance Officer, 5,12 ,2 1 k G Warwick to be Divi- Ambulance Officer Fran eor ge

3ional Supt., 25. 1 1.21

NO.3 DISTRI CT.

Dudley and District Corps (Stourbridge Dlvlslon )·-Sergt.

Charles Davies to be Ambulance Officer, 10, 11.21

Three Spires Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Miriam Matthews to be Lady Ambulance 21.,10. 2 1 , B irmingham N ursing Corps (B.ournville ursmg DlVIsi on·.-Janet L. McLardy to be Nursm g Officer 9,11.21

O lney Division.-Ambulance Offi cer William Charles Kn ight to be Divisional Supt., 24. 11 21

Kettering Corps D lvlslon ).-Pte. Charles

S idney R ig g all to be DI VISional Supt. 25· 11. 21 , , Kettering Corps (Corby D lvlslOn ).-Pte Leonard W illiam Brampton to be DlvlslOD;al Supt , 25 ,lT 2 1 Loughborough Divis ion. - Walter Timothy Baum to be Ambulance Officer , 29,11.21 . , . . , , Melton Mowbray N ursing Dlv lslon. - Lady DlVIslOnal Supt. Mrs. Pacey resigned, 5. 12 21 , ' , , , Le icester Corps (Tower Nursmg Dlvlslon ). -L ady D IV Isional Supt. Miss C. Durrant transferred to the Bn g ade Rese rv e , 9 12 21

NO. 4 DISTRICT.

D ivis ional Surgeon Lt.-Col. W ill iam B aron Co ck ill , M.D "

V .D. to be District Offi cer for Westmoreland, 30 11. 21 Rochdale Nurs ing D vision .- Lady A mbulan ce O ffi cer

M iss C Marsh resi g ned , 9 12 21

B acup Nursing Dlvis ion.-Lady Ambulance Officer E. Rushton res igned , 16. 11.2 1, Ambulance S ister Ann ie Howorth to be Lady Ambulance Offi cer, 24.5. 21 b I Offi M orecambe Nurs ing Division. - Lad y Am u cer M uriel Gl a dys Lupton to be Lady D iviSIOnal Superintendent, 29, 1 J. V . F dd ian M. B., RCh ., to be D iv sional Sur g eon, 28, I 1.2 1, vice Dr P nce deceased. M a cclesfield D ivis ion. - Ar thur H ow a r d, M. B. Ch .B" to be Divis ional Surgeon , 29,11.21. Bury NU l s ing DivislOn. - Lady A,mbulance Officer H N ghtingale revert s to Ambulance Sister a t own request, S ister K athleen Lamb to be Lady Ambulance O fficer 10,11.21 D a nd S alford Corps, North M anchester IVI, S t u TI ' II am Cl a rkson to be Ambulance Offic er , s lon. - er g , n

[ 1. William Hopwood to be A mbulan ce Offi cer, 12 I 1.2 r Co ckermouth Divls ion -George Young M. R , Cb.B ., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7. 11. 2 1 , K endal Division -George B a lsIllle , M.B ., Ch. B. , to be Divisional Surgeon , 11. 11. 2 1 , , A b I Ell mere Corps Little Hulton DIV ISion. -m u ance Officer Howard to be Divisional 21.11. 2 1 Oldham Corps, Failsworth Dlvlslon.-Corp. Charles Jordan to be Ambulance Officer, 2 1.11.21 K B orough of Birkenhead Corps.-Cor p s Officer F D ent reverts to the rank of D iviSIOnal Supt., h iS own request , has been appointed D ivisional Supt. m the Camm Jl Lair Division with effect from 11.1 1.21 Ambulance Officer Southport Dlvlslon.-Lady Miss F. Masters reSigned, W ll J Purvis , Burnley Nursing Dlvlslon.- I lam ames L.R.C,P. & S , to be Divisional Surgeon, 2 1. I 1. 2 1

No. 5 DISTRICT.

North B ierley D ivision - Walter Kay lemlDg to be Divisional Supt., 26 I 1.21 , 'P P Halifax Corps, Kmg ' s Cross DIVlslon. - teo James erry t be Ambulance Offi cer, 26 , I L 21 J h o Halifax and Distri c Corps, Halifax DlVIslOn.-Sergt. 0 n William Lees to be Ambulance Officer, 26. I 1.2 I

86 - FIRST AID & THE ST.

Grimsby Division.- Sergt. William Harold Jackson to be Ambulance Officer, 29. 1.21

Uttoxeter DivislOn.- Transport Officer John William Colclough to be Am bulance Officer, 29.11.21

Shipley and District Corps, GUlseley D vision. - Alexander

James Ives Muschamp, VI.B., Ch.B ,:to be Divisional

26.11.2I

Earby Nursing Di\ision.- Lady Ambulance Officer Ethel Heywood resigned, 2. r 1.21

Bradford City DivislOl1.-Divisional Surgeon and Supt.

Y. Bateson, resigns as Divisional Supt. and remains Divisional Surgeon, 28.7.21

Ambulance Officer Edmund Thurman to be Divisional Supt., 28.7.21

Nottingham Corps.-Arthur Barnes Gibson to be Corps Supt., 7. J 2.2

Nottingham Corps, Lenton Division. - DivisionaI Supt J. Marriott resigned, 28. 1.2

Nottingham Corps, M idland Railway Division.-Divisional Surgeon H. \\!. Spaight transferred from Porthleven Division NO.9 District.

Pleasley Nursing D ;vision. - Lady Divisional Supt. lVliss Dobbs resigned, 17.11.21

Pontefract Sorps, Ponte{ract Division.-Ambulance Officer

'Walter Banham to be Divisional Supt., 8.11.21

Pontefract Corps, Hemsworth and District Collieries

Division.-Pte. Charles Pickering to be Ambulance Officer, 8.I1.21

Worksop DiVision. -Corp. George \\Tillis to be Transport Officer, 15.10.2I

Hanley and District Corps, Wolstamon Nursing Division.

-Ambulance Sister Florence Ellen Banks to be Lady Divisional Supt., 1.11.21

Keighley Corps.-Mrs. Agnes Scatterty to be Lady Corps Supt., 1.11.21

Bradford Langley, M.B., Ch.B., to be Lady Corps Supt., 1.I1.2I

Dewsbury and District Corps, Batley Nursing Division.-

L'.ldX. Ambulance Officer L. Ellen Hazelwood to be Lady DIVISional Supt., 14. I I. 21.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Lady. District Officer Mrs. Broderick, A.RRC., resigned

OVo mg to Ill-health, 22.11.21

Dudley and Div. -Theodore Craig, M.B.,Ch.B., to be DlVlslOnal Surgeon, 3.1 I.21, vice Dr. Cogan resIgned, 25. IO.2I

North. Durham Corps (Felling Nursin g Division ) - Ambulance SIster Sarah Urwin to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5. 11.21

Ambulance Sister Kate Hann to be Lady Ambulance Officer,5· 1I.21

North Durham Corps (Gareshead Nursing Division ).-

Walter Osborne Arnold, M.B.B S , to be Divisional Suro-eon 18.II.21 /:)

Mrs. Elizabeth Maude Arnold to be Lady Divisional Supt, 21.11.21

North Tyneside Borough Division).-

Ambulance Officer RIchard Aitken to be DIvisional Supt.. 30.I I.21

Wearda!e Corps ,-·-Corps Supt. Pescod and Corps Officer Turnbull resigned, 30 11.21

Blyth. and Nursing Div;sion.-Lady Ambulance Officer 1\1ISS AnnIe Russell resigned, 9 12.21

Seat?n Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt.

Mrs. Fmlay resIgned, 9.12.21

l'! orth 1)nesi?e Corps ( Whitley Bay and Monkseaton Dlvlslon).-F redenck Brown to be Ambulance Offi

10.12.21 cer,

Hull Corps (Peel House Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs M. Slssons resigned, 9. IZ.21

Hull (Western Nursing Division).--Lady Divisional

E T. Hall and Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. E. Sedgewlck resIgned, 9. I2.2 r

Hull Corp? (Eastern Nursing Division ) - Lady A mbulance Officer MISS 1\1. Gill resigned, 9. 12.21 -

NO·7 DISTRICT.

Shrewsbury Corps (Market Drayton Division).-Archi_

JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - December, 9 2 1.

bald MacQueen, M.D , M.B., C.M·, to be Divisional Surgeon, 6.11.21

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner Col. Sir William Gentle Lransferred to the District Staff owing to ill health, 13. 12 .21

Assistant Commissioner Capt. C. A. Coventon, M.RC.S , to be in charge of Sussex. 13 12 2 1

GuIldford Corps (Guildtord Nursing Division).-Ambu _ lance Sister Elizabeth Lambert to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3I.10.Z1

Guildford Corps (CamberIey and Frimley Division).Attenborough, M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be DIVIsIOnal Surgeon, 145. 20

Capt. Cuthbert Hastings Attenborough, M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 19. 1 I.21

Guilford Corps ( Gujldford Division) -Sir Arthur Henry Temple Martzndale, k.C.S.l., to be lIonorary President, 19.1 21

Brighton and Hove Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Harold Farley Seymour} M.D., F.R.C.S., to be Corps Surgeon, 3 T. 10.21

Brighton and Ho,e Corps (Brighton Police Division).Herbert J obn PulllTIg, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, .31,10.21

Borough of Reigate Corps.-Artbur Edward Porter, M.A., M.D., D.P.H., to be Corps Surgeon, 25. 1.21

Isle of Tbanet Corps.-Reserve Divisional Supt. J obl1 Kinmont to be Corps Supt., 24.11.21

Chic1ester Division.-Divisional Supt. Admiral S. Holland transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9. 2.2

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Launceston Division.- Pte. Richard Heard to be Divisional Supt., r. I 1.21

Saltash Landulph Division.-Sampson Warn Moon Pryor to be Divisional Supt., 22.I1.21

Hugh George Robinson, M. E., Ch.B., to be Divisiona Surgeon, 22.1I.2I

Borough of Plymouth Corps (Millbay Railway Division).

-Sergt. Ernest Robert Wingfield to be Ambulance Officer,

5· 1 I.21

Bodmin Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Wilkinson resigned, 4.12.21

No. 10 DISTRICT.

1pswich Corps (G.E.R. Division).-Sergt. Thomas Alfred Pepper to be Divisional Supt., 29.9.21

Hitchin Division. -Pte. Francis Henry Hill to be AmbuOfficer, 21.6.2J, vice Ambulance Officer H. S. Shorter resIgned, I6. J 1.20.

NO. I2 DISTRICT.

Corps Surgeon George Pugin Meldon to be District Surg eon, IS. 11.2 I

St. James's Gate Division.-Sergt. Patrick Joseph Tyrrell to be DIvisional Supt, 29.11.21

Staff Sergt. John Gully to be Ambulance Officer, 29.1I.21

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Hither Green Division.-Dlvisional Surgeon and Supt J Wood, L.S.A., resigned, 4.7.21

Ambulance Officer William Henry Smith to be Divisional Supt.,9· 1 1.2I

Division.-Ambulance Officer James Brindley to be DIvIsIonal Supt., 21. I I.2 1

Alfred Pope to be Ambulance Officer, 2 I. 11.21

Valley.-Sergt.Jesse C. Sharpe to be Ambulance Officer, 29. I 1. 2

F. Victor K. Ryan, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 29. I 1.2 1

Bridge Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister

WlI1lfred GrlI1dley to be Lady Divisional Supt., 21. 11.2 r

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re.named : NO.2 DISTRICT.

Shirley Division.-Disbanded, 3 1 JO.21

December, I9 21. FIRST

AID & tHE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

Alice Mary, Miss Andrew.

l'io. 4 DISTRICT.

Chadderton Divisiun. -Withdrawn from Oldham Corps, 30 1 1.21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Allerton Red Triangle Division to form part of the Bradford Corps.-22.JO.21

Woodlands D ?anctlOned, 2. 12.2 Pleasley Nursing DlvlslOn.-Dlsbanded, 17· I J .21

No.6 DISTRICT.. d d I North Seaton Nursmg Division.-Disban e ,9. 12 2

No.8 DISTRICT.

Westbere Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 17. 11.21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Saltash Landulph 1.2 T d Borough of Corps.-Mlllbay DIVISIon re-name Millbay Railway DIVISIon, 15. 12 21

S OUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY. DISTRICT.

L d Bridge Nursing Division.-SanctlOned, 19. 1 I.21 on on S d J 7 J "I Chipstead Valley Division.- anctJOne, .-

DEATHS.

11 N 10 District, Commissioner Colonel G. Elston, o. Dr. Price, Ashton-under-Lyne Division, November, 192 1.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Orand Hospital Priory of the Order of the of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. lohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 5th Dec, I9 2I

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction. the following promotions in, and appointments to, thfe lGrand l of the Order of the Hospital of St. John 0 erusa em England:-

As Knight of lusticc (from Knight of Grace) :

The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Galway, C.B.

As Knights of Grace,'

h Robert Cross (from Honorary Serving Brother).

Sir William HeP.rY Houghton Gastrell, C.M.G.

M · Edward Burdett Pooley, L.R.C.P.E., L.R.C.S.I. (fro:n _ aJor . ) Honorary AssocIate. M II D S 0 M.D. (from Major Leonard Star 0 oy, ., Honorary ASSOCIate).

As Honorary Servt'nf[ Brothers:

William Fleming.

Percy William Breen.

Hugh Hedley Vicars MIller.

William Watts

William Clifford Holt.

As Honorary Serving Sisters,'

Augusta M iss Alcock.

Joan, Miss InglIS.

Annie, Mrs. Glasscock

Grace Mary, Mrs: Dav.ls. Mary Wilson, MISS MIlls.

Catherine, Miss Mackersy.

As Honorary Assoct'ates.

Sir George Lenthal Cheatle, K.C.B., C.V.O., F.R.C.S. John Divine, M.D.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING the month of November 19 y.A.D.

Members were posted to Ministry of PenslOns HospItals. Applications by ex-Service women for free passages t'on wI'th the Society for the Overseas Settlement m connec I of British Women number 1, 28 3,

PRINCESS MARY'S V.A D. WEDDING PRESENT. All ast and present V.A. D. members are invited to .' Pthe V A D wedding present to Commandant Jom m . . d H R H Princess Mary. Subscriptions should be hmlte d h"uld be forwarded through the Commandant to s. an s .J h J of member's own Detachment not later t an anuary 1st, 19 22

FREE TRAINING FOR DISABLED NURSES AND V.A.D. NURSING MEMBERS.

We are informed that the facilities for free training other occupation which have been placed. at the dlssc. of nurses disabled by reason of War. by the po.s . f Labour have already been partially Withdrawn, will in no case be available for any nurse anh to apply before Decemb e r 3I.St, 19 2 I, to the w 0 M' of Labour TrallllDg Department, Controller, InlS ry . S W 'B h St ErmlO's London, .1. fs state what k.ind of tramlOg is h d for when first applylDg, but qu estlOns 1-11 of the WIS form should be answered m every case. apphcatl?n t d should take action now unless they are All IDhteres eventually be able to continu e work as a sure that ey w nurse.

P S AGES FOR EX-SERVICE WmlEN. FREE AS.n. h . 1 t r has been received from e Settlem e nt Office, 46, VictoriaWomens r , stre e t, S. W. 1. :-

M d -I am directed to refer to the Dear a am, f B 'th lar letter of roth November, 19 21 , .re clrcu h fi 'l date 00 which applIcatlOn regard to t e na made for free passadge all application form s It has been eCI e h J anuary 1St and January 14t I9 22 issued ct from this office. You are thereshall be Issued dlfre d to this address all unused f sked to orwar b t orce a h 1 e of business on Decem er 3 1s , forms 0 S.2 at t e c os 19 2 1. t that applications for free I am further to in your office between passages overseas recvlve 4 \h I9 22 shall be forwarded st and January I, . . d J I h s little delay as posslble, 10 or e r to thIS office Wlt a f may be issued and returned h th necessary orms .' d t at e h lications to be consldere in time for teal? am, yours faithfully, A. C. FRANKLIN, For Secretary. . t 'f we give details regarding the It may be of lOteres BI ks for fr e passages issued to b f Warrant 00 0 actual hum er 0 h Women's Branch of the verseas V.A.D. members by t e

-FIR.ST AID.-

Settlement Office from 27th May, 1921, to 27th October 19 2 I, with the Dominions and Colonies to which ladies have proce.eded :-

Canada 194

Australia

when the patient is conscious and br,eathIng IS n?t Impe?ed, he be immediately plac ed lYIng WIth all tlght clothIng undone in the open a ir. An emetIc of mustard and water given, and when it h a s acted _hot strong coffee and sugar given freely. Wh en coffee IS not available a diluted teaspoonful of sal-volat ile may be instead. Warmth is of great importance extra hot water bottles, or, failing these of the h m bs towards the heart should be applied. Severe cases where respiration is failing, or has ceas ed should ,be treated artificial respiration by s In the fresh aIr. Where respiration is obvl,ous,ly fallmg there must be no delay and artificial reSpIratIon should be commenced at the nearest point of reasonably pure air.

December, 19 2 1. -FIRST

CQNTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIALFirst Aid in Factories

DI STRICT REPORTSNO.1

81

No, 4; NO.5 ; No I; No. 9 8 3 No. 10; No, ]2,., 84

T HE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTKOfficial Brigade Gazette._. .:. 84

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England 87

V.A.D. Notes and News 87

City Hall on October 28th, previously to which an inspection was held of differ e nt types of am bulances sent by public authorities and private. firms.

*",*

We are pleased to see by Brigade Orders issued on D e cember 1St that a Benevolent Fund for the Brigade has been founded, the object of which is to benefit members of the Brigade, their wives and families, in cases of urgent necessity.

"'*'"

We much regret to announce the death of Miss Josephine O:Donnell, London Reserve, which occurred last March. ThIs lady serv e d as a General Service member in France in 1912.

It is with great regret we have to announce the death of MISS Helen Mackenzie, late Commandant London 210 occune? on November 20th, after great suffering: MISS MackenZIe rendered very valuable services to the Red Cross and her loss will be keenly felt.

First AI"d I"n G P as oisoning.

By H. W. SPAIGHT, L.R.c.p " &c Major, R.AM.C., Late Officer-Commanding R AM.C. Anti-Gas School.

ONE has only to. rea.d the to realise the large number of pOls?nIngs In every-day life.

Carbon monoxIde gas IS respcnsible for the majority but coal gas also claims a large number of VIctIms,

Effic,ient First Aid is of vital importance in any form of gas pOIsonIng and has a direct I.:ffect on the subsequent progress of a case.

Carbon gas is lighter than air, and therefore IS In closed or badly-ventilated places. It L'. gIven off m form of combustion, or ex los ion and In large quantItIes from coke and charcoal fi;es a d e x haust gas of motor engines. N umerous :f pOIsonIng .occur from the of coke, or charcoal fires in badly-ventliated ro.oms, and In small unventilated ara es wh e re motor engmes are kept running for som: t' g Many cases have been recorded from riding i lated motor vans. n unventl-

Th e insidious onset of monoxide poisonin is Its grelt The gas IS colourless, odourless does, not Irntate th.e Frequently first warning of danger IS faIlure of lImb powers and inabil't t crawl to safety. I y 0

, in a heavy concentration of gas sym toms of p O,lson,mg appear very graduallY-I part of ca b P

OXide I t f , r on monn 1,000 pal S 0 air wIll not cause serious sym toms two h?UTs. usual symptoms are heaSache glddlO e s3, feeling of SIckness or actual vomiti h ' of b th f· f ' , ng, s ortness rea, 0 the mmd frequently develo in mto Hystena lIke attacks in which th g laug?s boisterously, or weeps, or may even mamacal. Furth e r exposure causes loss of y the I d f power In all mysc es, an 1 rescued, the patient, thou h diml conscIOUS of danger m an apathetic mind w'll b g Y P I I ". , 1 ecome come y unconscIOUS WIth faIlmg respiration a d pamless death. n meet a

AI} cases of poisoning should be kept under observatI,on, lYIng down, warmly covered and with plenty of fre sh aIr for at least All cases having strious sym ptoms should be InvarIably sent to hospital.

"oints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special referen ce to good and bad 1;oints in Treatment-for inclusion in this Colum n,

A CURIOUS ACCIDENT.

A friend told m,e the following story of a case wh ich h erecently, had occ<l:slOn to treat, and whi<;:h seems' worthy of rec?rd In "PractIcal Points," as a curious and interestin g aCCIdent. big:, b!lrly man, one afternoon engaged in whitehiS kitchen celllng. accomplish hIS task, he stoo d on a paIr of steps, top o.f whIch he placed his bowl of whitewash. an, incautIOus movement the steps tilted over, man, In fallmg to the ground, fractured both bones o f h!s nght leg above the ankle. At this same moment his le g hit the sharp edge of the broken china bowl-with the result that the foot was completely amputated at the seat of fracture except for some fragments of skin !- W. M., Ilfard.

FIRST-AID WITH EFFICIENCY.

N at long ago a man stood on the windowledge of a third floor clean the outsi?e of the window. He fell, and striking WIldly t? recover hiS balance, caught his right forearm ( in ItS upper third) .on a spike projecting from a window below. SU,spended by forearm only he hung [or some minutes until obtailled a ladder and rescued him from his perilous pOSitIOn.

this moment I was leaving work and was summoned by an eXCIted messenger (who told me that a man was bleeding to death) to the scene of accident, a distance of between three and _hundre.d yards" On arri,,:al, I found the man standing waltmg patiently w.lth upper limb hanging down, while his were a greengrocer's cart preparatory to removIng the patIent therein to hospital. Blood was pouring from the wounds and the place of the emergency resembled a slaughter house!

d' Reali,sing that this was a case of arterial bleeding, I immelately gnpped the man's arm just above the elbow and stopped further escape and then persuaded him to assume a recum.bent Without delay. Keeping the limb elevated Without relaxmg my pressure, I next sent for assistance a!l ambulance and" when ,these arrived, I superthe applt.catlOn of an ImprOVIsed tourniquet on the rachIal artery Just above my hands, because I suspected a fracture of forearm involving the elbow joint_ This don,e, release? my digital pressure, dressed both wounds with apphed pads bandage, flexed and supported the 1m III a large arm slmg, and removed my patient in the greengrocer's cart to hospital.-C. T. 0., Hampstead.

FIrs Aid in Gas Poisoning 88

PRA CTICAL POINTSA Curious Accident 88

First Aid with Efficiency 88

Brevities "." 89

Com mon Errors in FIrst Aid 90

LRTT ERS TO THE EDITOR-

The Text Book 9 2

QUE RIES AND ANSWERS TO Treatment of Wasp Stings ,... 93

Treatment of H re morrr.age 93

Alcohol for Snake Bites _ 93

U se of Co c ain Eye Drops 93

M embership of S ,] ,A,A. 94

C auses of Burns 94

Extension of Comp o und Fra c tu re 94

S hock for A bdomin a l Injury 9 4

Treatment of Venomous Bites 9 4

REV IEWThe Popular Chemi c al D ict ionary 9 4 Brevities.

Supt. G. A. Enderby, of the Boston Division, has kIn dly sent us a programme he h a s arranged for the Div ision in 1922. It will b e remembered that Supt. En derby won one of our prizes in our competition for The Be st Winter Program m e for S J, A. B. for th e session J. 9 Z 2. He has c .'! rtainly k e pt up his high standard and given the me mbers of his division an interesting programme of work an d play.

The Metropolitan Boroughs Standing Joint Committee, ha ving received from time to time communications from the ir constituent municipalities as to the necessity for additIO nal ambulance services, decided to invite the London am bulance authorities to meet for th e purpose of considerIng what improv e ments er e feasible. It was realised that the pr e sent time was inopportune for increased expenditure, bu t it was belie ved that a full discussion of the pr e sent arr angements might be conducive to greater efficiency th rough co -ordination of the various services.

A conference was accordingly held at Westminster

Subscriptions are invited from Corps or Divisions of the Brigade, and others interested. It has be e n suggested that the subscription of IS. annually from all member s who can afford it would produce a very considerable incom e , which could be placed to capital for us e of mem bers.

This is a suggestion which we put forward in the pages of this Journal in December, 1912, and w e welcome th e scheme because we think it will br i ng the memb e rs of th e Brigade in closer touch with Headquart e rs.

Anuther suggestion advocated by this J oumal h a s been adopted by headquarters, that is, a c o mpetition for Nursing Divisions. Th e L'ldy Superintendent-in -Chi e f has kindly presented a Challenge Shi e ld, to be known as "Th e Perrott" Challenge Shield, and comp e ted f o r a nnua ll y by teams from Nursing Divisi·)Ds.

The competition will be held in conjunction with tha t for the "Dewar" Shield and "Symons Eccle s " Cup for Ambulance Divisions. The conditions governing this competition will shortly be issued to all conc e rned.

"'*'"

The Joint Council of the Order of St. John and t h e British Red Cross Society has made a grant of 5s , p e r h e a.d for the provision of Christmas comforts fo r sick a nd disabled ex-service men in hospital on Christmas D a y, The Red Cross has carried on a quiet but unceasing wurk on behalf of these men ever since the war and has provided them with pianos, gramophones, cigarettes, fl o wers fruit and books , games and puzzles, furniture and i r:.va lid d e licacies . .

"'*'"

THE Home Service Ambulances of the British R e d Cross Society and Order of St. John hav e carried 13 2 3 0 patients during the September quarter of this y e ar This Ambulance Ser?ice, which forms part of the p e ace work of the Joint Council, was established two years ag o , and comprises over 300 motor ambulances station e d mostly In rural areas in England, Ireland and Wales. The total num ber of cases carried in the ambulances since the institution of the Service is 75,022.

Common Errors in First=Aid.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S., Eng

(Continued from page 75.)

To me an outstanding feature of First-Aid is the remarkable frequency with which "combinations of three" present themselves, the instances b e ing we ll·nigh innumerable. Knuwledg e of this fact may prevent many errors of omission. For example, with Fractures there are 3 Causesdirect, indirect and muscular violence; two sets of 3 Varieties, (I) according to condition of adjacent tissuessimple, compound and complicated: (2) according to condition of bone-impacted, greenstick and comminuted; three sets of 3 Sig ns and S y mptoms-as detailed below; 3 Bandag es-small, m e dium and large; two sets of 3 Slings (r) orthodox-small, large and St. John, (2) im provisedpinned sleeve, turned-up coat and hand through buttoned coat.

Scalds and Burns present in their turn an interesting series of "combinations of three." Thus, there lre 3 Causes (I) of Scalds-moist heat (boiling water), hot oil and h?t. tar; (2) of. Burns-dry (fi:e, hot iron, friction), electnclty (raIl, WIre, dynamo, lIghtnIng), and corrosives and alkalies).; 3 Effects (or Degrees )-reddening, blIstering and charnng; 3 Darlgers-shock, sepsis and hremorrhage; 3 Warning s - "when possible" immerse part, "while clothing removed" let bystanders prepare dressings, and "if boracic ointment at hand" smear on strips of lint.

Foreign bodies are interesting because they vary in their e ffects. Thus, they may be a source of danger to the p art (wounds), to an important organ (eye), or to life itselj (larynx). On the other hand they may offer no immediate (eye,. sto?lach) and offer good examples of the 10 of "doing nothing," because, there beIng no pressmg danger to life, organ or part active interference i.s more likely to do harm than goo'd. In other words, WIth these foreign bodies-as with Insensibility" prevention" is th e object of correct First-Aid.

For Foreign Body in Eye active interference with upper lid is allowed only "when skilled help cannot be had "-:-such action. being legitimate also with Dirty Wounds and WIth Snake BItes or other Poisoned Wounds. These are the 3 E "CCeptz'ons to the General Rule of not undertaking" ?uties and. of a doctor 11 (p. 27).

3 Sttes of ForeIgn In are upper lid, lower lId and eyeball; and It IS. to find that many students often forge! the pOSSIbIlIty of a foreign body being th.e lower lId. and often neglect to carry out their exammatlon systematIcally.

In some students always offer their own the patient's hankerchief (moistened hiS own. salIva!) should be used to remove the body, most object to other people's dIrty handkerchIefs and salIva, though not to their own! ! Another common error is too liberal use of castor oil whereas to "a little 11 signifies one, or at most drops. RubbIng the uninjured eye is always good 'treat-

Messrs Bale, Son and Danielsson, Ltd., hope to issue these artIcles, when complete, in book form.

ment, and, by exci.ting a sympathetic .flow of tears, may wash away.the foreIgn b.ody: but the injured eye must aV?Ided because It may give rise to a.cute IDflammatlOn, With possible eventual loss of e ye. SIght.

By "dilute solution" of vinegar for Lime in Ey e I understand one part of vinegar with three or four parts of warm boiled The most common error made, pr eparatory to evertmg the upper eyelid, is the neglect to instruct patient t? his eye down and fix it on the grou nd. _ If, however, thIS IS done, the eyelid 'can be everted wit h an? with minimum discomfort to patient. The revers e InstructIOn holds good for everting lower lid.

With Foreign Body in Stomach most students err in an or (and) an aperient, an error pregnan t ":Ith possibilities to stomach and bowel, es peCIally If the foreIgn body be sharp edged, e g pin, brooch On the contrary, rest in bed and stodgy food mdlcated, to slow up digestion and thereby assist Nat ure to encase the foreign body with fcecal matter.

Body in Ear students often forget the explICIt InstructIOns of the Textbook in their desire to " do or Without a Foreign Body in his Ear a WIse man WIll al!(Jw no one, other than a doctor to ". b " h' , or pro e IS ear at am' time lest permanent Injury result to the drum of the ear with consequent d eafness. Another danger of unskilful attempts to remove a foreign body arises from the fact that the centre of the earpassage is its narrow:est If, therefore, a foreign bo dy IS pushe? beyond thzs joznt, then the utmost difficulty m ay be exp enen.ced, even. by an expert, in getting it back. Indeed, a major operatIOn may be required for its recover y!

With. Foreig? Body in a child may fail to und erstand an mstructlon to blow hIS nose. For this reaso n tickling the nose wit.h a paper-spill is a far more metho? applYI?g the pepper-pot, and is equally ei?cacIOus In producmg the sneeze, which, it is hop ed, WIll expel t.he foreign body. Incidentally, I remember a case In WhICh a pea remained in a child's nostril for tw o months (as far.as could be judged) before it gave rise to symptoms WhICh caused the mother to seek medic al advice.

The next error is a grave mistake in the Textbook ' and if any First Aider has to treat an Ahdominal Woun d " with ,?owel protruding,'.' then I beg him most earnestly not to fomentatIOn every two or three minutes. "

Such .actIOn would be Culpable Meddlesome First Aid ! He wIll be true First Principles if he applies a hot covers It up with a thick layer of cottonwo?], wraps patIent up warmly and obtains medical ai d qUIckly. By way, addition of one teaspoonful of salt to each pmt of bOIhng water used for fomentation s would be good treatment.

.The of Shock with Injuries to the AbIS often imperfectly understood, a fac t gives nse to many errors. The injuries are practIcally always followed by a grave degree of Shock, often. accom pamed by loss of consciousness, by 0/ the znvolvement of the Sympathetic Nerves, with WhICh the organs are richly supplied and through which they are connected with the Central Nervous System Further, if to this cause we have added the effects of profuse (concealed) bleading, then we have the two main cr: uses oj Shock working together. With such a combinatIOh death may be instantaneous

The dangers of Hernia are not always appreciated at

December, (\)21

their true value, and consequently errors in treatm e nt often OCCur. One out of every Ie? men is said to from Ruptur e the risk of wlu'clz IS th e protrudmg bowel may be constricted by. the a?dommal. and result in obstruction to the CIrculatIOn (pOSSibly subsequent stran gulation) of the bowel. Hot fomentatlOns,. by draw:iog ro ore blood to the part, hasten thiS complIcati on and should never be applIed.

Rupture may suddenly occur or be old standing In th e latter cas e symptoms arise when more passes into the swelling. In both cases sudden and sic kne ss with a swellmg in groin suggest _ possl billtles of thr ea tening strangulation of bowel. RaIsmg the knees and shoulders relax'les the abdominal muscles and t e nds to pre ve nt constriction of the ruptur e

CHAPTER V.-HA ': MORRHAGE AND WOUNDS.

A common error noted with reference to the Circulat ion is the failure of some students to realise that the Pu lmo nary diffirs from the Systemic Circulation in that the Pu lm onary Art ery impure blood from the Ri ght Ventricle to the lungs for punficatIon and that the fou r Pulmonary V tins bring th e purified (arterial) blood back to the Left Auricle.

Another very common error, attributable in part to th e T exbook, is to define the kinds of " arte rial venous and capillary.". Such an answer IS inc om ple1te and requires the further stat e ment-" and the bl eed ing may be external or Ho.w I these terms which give many First Alders the ImpreSSIOn that th ere is some re ,l l differ e nce between the external and in tun al varieties, whereas Il ce morrhag e simp ly m eans the escape of blood from tlte blo od The effect.s, thtrefo re, a re the same wheth.er bleedlDg IS ex ternal and .seen as It passes out of the body. or i nternal and concealed, SInce it esc apes into a closed caVIty, a.s or abd?,m 5n. For t his reason, I prefer the dlstmctlon- external and " con cealed."

Refe-e nce has been made previously to .1 combinations of th re e." This feature of First-Aid is markedly present with H re morrhage and Wounds; and its recognitio.n .may as sist in avoiding many errors, especially of ! T hu s there are 3 Z':inds of vessels-ar tenes, velDS and capil iari e s; 3 Kinds of bleediJ?g-as already 3 P oin ts with each kind of bleedmg-( r) colour ot blood, (2 ) mode of its escape, and (3) its relation to wound 3 D ancrers associated With all shock and 3 Objects in treatment-(r) (2) preve nt sepsis, (3) minimise shock; 3 for Indi re ct Pressure-( r) as temporary measure whIl e WOUO? is ex amined and protected," (2) if wound large, and (3) If forei gn body or fracture present; 3 M ethods of IndIrect P res sure, apart from digit.al pressure-:-( I) pad and (2 ) flexion, and (3) RIsks accompanymg the in co rrect use of TournIquet, WhICh should compress artery on ly -(r) entry of arterial blood not completely stopped, (2 ) return of venous blood partially obstr.ucted, (3) cons equent dangerous sw e lling and congestIOn of lI?lb 3 TVa)! s of contaminating wounds-(I) by contact tIme of in ju ry, (2) by touching with fingers, dressmgs, &c., an d (3) by washing with unstenle water.

The Textbook classifies wounds as either. clean .01' obv iously dirty; it ?oes not concern Itself the ordinary tabulatIOn, which IS the tics of wounds and which, though mterestIng, Izas no bearmo

Al D.-

on the correct First-Aid treatment-viz, contused, lacerated, incis ed and punctur e d wounds.

Three serious mistakes are often made in tr eatm e nt d Wounds. First, many ambulance men put their trust (and fingers) in Iodin e or Methylatt:d Spirit and love to handle their wounds, wh ereas the outstanding point in tr e atm ent is that tlte less wounds are fingered tlze for wounds and patients. Secondly, many students, in spite of Textbook instructions, delight in using sticking plaster for recent wounds. Such application, being a more or less permanent dressing, has no place in First-Aid, which is concern e d only with th e first or emerg ency treatment of a wound. Thirdly , many students invariably omit th e pad over the dressing, whereby pressur e is spread unif?rml y over th e wound and any tendency to recurrent bl e edlDg IS prevented.

In an em ergency Tincture of Iodin e is. a safe, us e d and efficient disinfectant, because (r) It IS p ractzcallr non -poisonous and can be appli ed fr eely, (2) it is n on cau stic and d::>es not sear the surface of a wound, (3) it is antis eptic and prevents the growth of pus-forming germs, (4) it is mildly irritant and produces a marked and of blood to the wound and surrounding parts, and WIth It an increased supply of white corpuscles, Natur e'.s agents against sepsis. For these reasons Io.dme IS .mdIcated both for "clean" and also for "obviously duty" wounds.

In the use of Tincture of Iodin e three possibl e errors suggest th emselves First,. the Iodin e is dissolved in Alcohol, which, if left long 10 may evaporate and leave a solution more powerfully irntant than usual. the value of ampoules\ which, being sealed glass. keep the Iodine at its pr?p er strer:gth and risk of setting up an acute 1OfiammatlO.n a SImIlar result may follow if the dressing IS apphed b e fore the Iodine has been al10wed to evaporate a?d. dry on the w?und. Thirdly , cyanide gauze draws out the IrrItant prop e rtIes of Iodine and should not be chosen as the dressmg becaus e severe and painful burns may result from thIS com bi nation.

With regard to the Pressure P oints ar e fr equently made b ecause many stud e nts fail to appreciat e th a t (J ) all tlzese \are small and e asily compr: ss e? by pulp of the thumb, (2) tluir precis e l ocatio n IS vltal1y Important to secure efficient control of the artery and. also to aVOId pressure on the vein (or veins) accompanymg the whereby congestion of the limb takes place, and (3) t lze r e lS a riglzt and a wrong p os£ti olt in ev ery for patIent and t Fu rther it must be emphaSIs ed that for control opera or. -' f of bleeding the posItion of patient and the 0 part botll during and after t re atm en t ar e a!D?ost as Important as pressure.i and it is notew?rthy that dIgI.tal pressur e 1& by relays of assistants" IS necessary tor 3 Arteries Carotid, Subclavian and Femoral Artenes (To be co ntill ue d).

On the announcem ent being .made of the engagement of H.R. H Princess Mary to Vlcount a telegram of congratulation was. sent by th e Headt Sta ff, "Every aood WIsh for future. quaT er. t>

When corresponding with Advertisers p-le.&U mention "First Atd .,

-FIRST

fetters to the &ditor.

We

are in no way resjll sible /01' tire opinions expressed, or the statements made. b, Cor? espondcnts -EDITOR, ETC.

THE TEXTBOOK.

_ DEAR SIR,--: There First Aiders 'who fly up in <11 ms at, any mentIOn of ,cntlclsm of their beloved Textbook. ThiS IS to a certaIn extent quite right, yet, after all has finality reached? Is the Black Book so perfect that it rannot be Improved.

I The has gone many editions, corrections a so be at any time "improved/' someone have been to require an amended edition, _ If the .Form has now been obtained does it iv universal satIsfactIOn to First-Aiders ? g e

Dr. J. H. White in FIRST AID May 192 I page 18 "Th T b k - '" 2 says, - e. ext ?o' IS a model of what such a book b,e! It IS neither too complicated to be practiral ould slmple_ to be really useful. There are however- it not too there, whicJ:l are nO.t definite 'and at least one Instance thIs may Imperil the life of th Y ' In There are other instances in the Book in which e adherence to the letter of the law leads to confusion : are dangers and so evidently not intended that'I u t ere to pomt them out for correction if thought " venture

Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher in FIRST AID Novem' b P aD" 7 t t " Th T ,er, 1921 r- e 3, s _ e extbook now includes As h -' nsenslbIlIty, this fact, though a strictly correct gIves rlse to many with first year stude nts _ because the chapter IS so overloaded with importa t t h -d n warn rn gs mg:s an mstructlOn that pupils get muddled with 11 vanous Items." a he

Dr. Corbet Fletcher says on page 74 "R C E'I h eleren ce to pi epsy In t e Text?ook is very vague and will mislead r th than assist students."

a er

_ Fletche.r again on page 75 Ole n. tlOns With FIshhook m the skin you can d the Textbook says." 0 as

These remarks of Dr. White and Dr. Co rb et both of are admitted to be e x ert authOrities on FIrst Aid, led me to turn t oP a n early copy of the BI8:ck Book, which I purch ase d many years ago. I t IS one of the 145th Thou san d and dated 1893; that 28 years ago. A comparison of thiS book WIth 36th edition, is o ive n below. b

1893 Edition.-IOo pages, 9 pages previou s to Chapter I. ; 82 p ages from Chapter 1. to In dex 5 pages of advertIsements.

Ch \920IEdition.-257 pages, 17 pages previou s to ap er -; 2IO pages from Chapter I. to Ind ex 30 pages of advertisements.,

You see the recent edition is about t hre e times the sIze of_ the r893 Edition, it was on e arl such as thiS that the name of St. J ohn became a for efficiency, man y of Our ol :Iest and best FIrst Aiders used books s uch as hls and what excellent work and fait hfu l has been done, yet their Textbook only a IOO pages and much of their treatment has gone out of fashIOn.

Since the war, what do we find?

December, 192 I.

-FIRST

bers to "produce Black Books," many would be found wanting-not having a in date or out of date:

The reason of this may perhapslbe found In February, 19 2I where Mr. E. B. Ireland writes.

Everyone knows what a number of alterations have been made in the Brigade Handbook recently, one never knows if one has the latest edition or not; one does not even know whether the Exammer has the latest edition. The price of books nowadays is a consideration-one book, with simple rules, simply stated, seems to me the One-fifth of the latest edition is filled with advertisements an d such things. The proper place for advertisements is in th e pages of the FIRST AID monthly, not in the First Aider's B ible."-Yours truly, T. W. H.

Queries and J\nswet's to eo'Ct'espondents.

2ueries will be dealt witk under tke 7"u les :-

- Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on the top lelt hana corner ot tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 4-6 Cannon-street, London. E. C 4· :J. -All Queries must be accompanied by a" Query Coupon" cut frol1 tke current issue at tke lournal, or in case of Queries from abroal trom a recent issue.

? _ The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these column j is (he 36th (I920) Edttion of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

TREATMENT OF WASP STING S

G. S. ( Mexbro).-With to the Query of title in October issue, I believe that I know the competItIOn and judge and that I wac; also an unsuccessful competitor in that competition - To make matters worse, I. B. apparently calls into question a decision of the most judge in Yorkshire ; and he was gravely at fault In presentation of facts, becayse all _ the Textbook were available for use and, In additIOn, a bottle of vmegar. but no lime juice. Moreove.r, points were _allowed for the alkaline and none for the aCid treatment, since no one used the vinegar.

AI D.- 93

Aiders to modify these, as circumstances require, in accordan c e with stated Principles by means of certain Qualifi cat ion s Your "resourcefulness," therefore, would hinder and 110 "assist ature s efforts " ( p. 22 ) if you planted y o ur dirty fingers on a wound.

Se condly, you have mis-read the Textbook, s in ce unde r General Rules for Treatment of H cc morrhage y ou q uote Rule 4 but omit all reference to Rule 6, wherein you 2.re spe CIfically warned ( p. 84 ) not to touch a wound with d irty fi n g e r s. Further, you must combine these two, and indeed a ll the fifteen, Rules hefore you can efficiently treat a wo un d with C. F.

ALCOHOL SNA KE BITES.

M. D. (Switzerland ).-A dis c ussion has recentl y oc c urred n medical circles here as to whether or no a' c ohol is of an y use with Snake Bites. One of my collea g ues reported in a First-Aid article that l a rge do ses of alcohol are g iven in these cases in India; and that he had himself s een go od results follow such administration in a boy wh os e h e a rt was acting very weakly as the result of a viper b ite. S o me other doctors, however, reproved my friend for thi s statement; and said that alcohol had no effect in such cases and that his report would encourage First Aiders to use alcohol in all cases of Poisoning.

Personally, I am no "Pussyfoot " -and consider th a t the use of alcohol in moderation can do no harm; and that in the special case of Snake Bites would prove useful, certainly to stimulate the heart and poss ibl y to neutralise the snake poison injected. May I have y ou r opinion? Also, can you tell me if alcohol is giv en in Ind ia for these cases ?

Church Parade, No. 19 Division, Prince 0 Wales's Corps

Judges saying our work is not up to pre -war I heard a judge last year tell ten co mpetIng teams "That no team had treated the c ase correctly," and he advised the teams to go ho me ann read the Book and look at the picture s.

We are contInually hearing remarks such as these :"War weary."

, "Hope of a real and -permanent revival of Interest."

" Recent apathy in ambulance work"

Is not_ a complicated Textbook to 'blame for some of this ?

I Has B?ok been killed with kindnes s? ts beautiful, SimplIcity has been garnished by ribbons bearing words, which are as applicable to or _ a motor-driver as to a First Aide r Imple and brief directions have been lengthene d out I page after pa.ge lin_til. one of the most val llab e columns of First Aid IS devoted to "Qand Ans " uen es wers to lose who "get m ddl d" h the Textbook Th u e WI - d" e very eXistence of this colum n d IS a., mISSion of "Instructions which are no t e mte:

__ two million Textbooks have been issue d It IS stili found necessary for Dr. Corbet Fletche; a mo_st _interestIng and instructive serie s

o artlc es, pOIntmg- out the "Co E First Aid" Wh h mman rrors In en ese are completed I trust the book wIll h_ave a huge sale, in spite of the fact that the Supenntendents were to ask their mem-

To clear up a lot of misunderst anding connection with Stings, may I, in my turn, ask If there IS any difference between the venom injected by a wasp and that injected by a bee; and also if there is any difference In treatment?

My "dutIes and p. 27 ) to as sist First Aiders and not to CritICise the deCISions of Judges a s reported by who present facts incorr ectly, though in this instance you apparently confirm I. B. s m ain statement.

As for Stings of Wasps, Bees and Ants, the veno.m inj ected in each is " formic acid" ; and Textbook IS corr ect in its advocatIOn of treatment by alkalles. Further, there is no such chemical body as "formic alkali. " _ _ __

The only difterence is that the bee loses It S Its fi rst (and only ) injection, the retalns _ ItS stIng and c an repeat its unpleasant operatIOn again and agam and t.hnt in the former case the stmg should be extracted If pOSSIble (Textbook, p. r 14) - N. CORBET F LE T C HEH.

TREATl\IENT OF H fEl\IORRHA Gl£.

A V. R. (Australia ).- In Treatment of the Textbook (p. 80) tells us to (' apply WIth thumb or fingers directly on bleeding spot." I s thIS If so, the last thing we are taught out ltere IS to place our dIrty fingers on a wound. We welcome your comments.

Your complaint against the Textbook is _ not upheld: First, you have neglected Chapter I and clearly fall to appreclate_ the Textbook which teaches General Rules only and expects FIrst-

Having no personal experience of conditions in Ind ia, I placed your query before CoL R. J. Blackham, wh o se kno wledge of IndIa is extensive and whose books on Trop ical Medicine and First A id are well known He po ints o u t tha t many authorities r ega r d a s usel ess the administration of wh is k y and brandy, which ( with warmth and mustard le a ves o he a rt electricity to spine, & c ) have repeatedl y been va un t e d as specific cures ; and he agrees wholehea rt edly that larg e dose s of alcohol are likely to be harmful as they inhib it the C irc ulatory (Vaso-motor) Centre of the Brain. On the other hand, Col. Blackham considers that, after the limb has b een igat u r ed and the bite efficiently treated by free inc isions a nd by lib er a l application of Perman g anate solution, small doses (I epeated f r equeJttly) of whisky or _ wi th b in d e r s _ to abdomen bandages to legs, h y podermIC IDJe c t lO n s o f s tr ych nIne - m ay p,' ov e u seful in keep ing up the cir c ul a t ion.-N.C.F.

U SE O F C OCA1NE E VE D ROPS.

L. H. ( Clydach ).-With referen c e to the Co c a ne Ey e D r ops, mentioned in the article on F irs t A id i n Factories (N ovember issue of FIR ST AID ) and re commende d b y the Home Office for use with Foreign Bodie s in E ye- what quantity of drops should be Als,o, d o the drops assist the efficient removal of foreign bodIes and how do they act? Please assist me now, as you have oft en done before.

The Home Office instructions read- " Brush e y e with c arr.el-hair brush mo istened with Cocaine Eye Drops (Solut ion N 0 _ I ) and remove any loose particle. " _ ,. _

Cocaine is a most potent nerve pOIson, Wh iCh, If applied to mucous membranes (e.g., eye, nose, mouth etc. ) produce s co mplete loss o/feeling to pain, heat amI cold, so small operations can be performed WIthout t h.e patient them Hence its extreme value W th a senSItive organ, lIke the e y e, when foreign bodies require removaL-No C. F.

INJU RY TO AXI LLARY A RTE RY

A. R. a. patient was in the armp !, and if the dagger Injured the AXillary Artery and pIerced the lungs, should we " remove the cause," a s the Textbook teaches?

A precise answer is impossible, bee-apse everyth ng de-

The Bands, No. 19 Division, Prince f W

rtesy] 0 ales's Corps. [Copa? -tnershz'p Journal.

pends on the circumstances associated with the case. For example, if the dagger was plunged so firmly intn the lungs that its hilt plugged the injured artery and prevented escape of blood, then I fake it that your" Qualifications" \\-ould impel you to modify the instruction of the Textbook as to .< cause" in accordance with the rule laid down on p. 47 (d) and to leave the dagger in position until the doctor arrived. -N,

C. F.

OF S,J,A A.

F. A. (Abergavenny).-\Vith reference to the statement (made by E. H. Russell and published In November issue)that "th,e of a certificate, medallion or label does not const lstltute membership of the Association, what are the requirements for membership?

The payment of an annual subscription of and upwards except ttat all members of the Brigade are ipso 'acto members of the Association.-N. C. F.

CAUSES OF BURNS.

A. R. {Croydon).-(I \ Is it true that Prussic Acid differs from Carbolic Acid in not causing a burn, if applied externally?

Also (2) are the Corrosive Acids and Alkalies rightly included in the Textbook under" dry heat" ?

A 10.December, 1921

stoppage of breathing only. This is a reflex eftect of the.in_ jury, and as the most marked symptom gives its name to the condition, which may vary from a transient z'ncapacity to a fatal syncope, and this often wi thout any appal ent lesion._ N. C. F.

EXTENSION OF COMPOUND FRACTURES.

G. W. (Sbeffie ld ).-I saw the marking sbeet of a recent com. petition. Marks were allowed for extension applied to a compound fracture of tibia. Was this correct? ShOUld extension be applied to compound fractures by F irst Aiders?

The Textbook (p. 49) apparently allows extension of a compound fracture except "whe12 the bone protrudes. " P ersonally am strongly of the op i nion that no First Aider shou ld attempt extension of any compound fracture, for reason s r epeatedly given in these columns and recently re-stated 10 t he article on " Common Errors" in October issue. - N. C. F.

W. P. asks what breast the Joint Committee Medal shoul d be \-\ om when on parade? The right breast.

Il--===='N---II SP S

Prescribed Every Day

For well over 25 years Hall's Wine has . by . men WIth lmphclt confidence in the results. I ts value has been proved In daily practice.

(

I) Prussic Acid is a deadly nerve-poison and not a CorJ:osive Acid. It, therefore, does not burn if applied to the skin, though it may be absorbed and tJaralyse nerve-endings, and, If applied to raw surfaces, may cause Acid Poisoning. Further, :f swallowed, Prussic Acid should be treated with an immediate emetic, since rapid loss of consciousness follows.

O. X B. (Weston-super-Mare ) asks if there is a badge whic h denotes War Service in the Military Hume Ho spi tal Reserve?

No. We would suggest to our correspondent th at he makes representation to his Commissioner with' a view to a badge being issued.

and swollen joints, the ideal II tr eatment is 10 D EX. In the treatment of soreness, and ansmg from vigorous exerC1se, 10DEX is supenor to liniments and embrocation. The ready secures deep of Its Free Iodine which qUlckly. reduces swelling or infial1!mallon, relieves pain, and a1ds the restoration to normal health. , IODEX does not blister, harden, or stam the skin, and may be when other forms of iodine are madm1sslble.

(

2 ) Heat being "that which excites a sensation of warmth," it follows that Corrosive Acids and Alkalies (which, though they are moist or liquid, do not possess this characteristic) cannot be included under ., moist heat." Since, however, they produce by chemical action changes in tissue and local circulation, identical with those of fire, they are rightly regarded as forms of " dry heat. "-N.

C. F.

TREADIENT OF VENOMOUS BITES.

M. C. ( Birkenhead ), -In Dr. Gordon's First Aid we are told that with Venomous Snake Bites we should suck wound, then tie handkerchief round limb above wound, and apply strong antiseptic. The Textbook tells us to apply a constriction to limb as first step in treatment. Which is correct?

The Textbook is correct, because, while you are sucking the wound, the poi"on may he passing through the \ eins into the general circulation. So follow the Textbook; and, if as an auxiliary step in treatment you decide to suck the wound later, be sure that there 1S no cut or abrasion of your lips, etc. -N.

C, F.

SHOCK FOR ABDOMINAL INJURY.

W. P. ( Hollinwood).-During a football match recently a .was "winded," As ambulance man on duty, put the Injured plaYf'r's head between his legs and was promptly reproved by a spectator who said that I ought to use Schafer's Method of Artificial Respiration. As this ground is usually very wet, we do not like to place Our patient on tIle ground. Who was right?

Neitber of you 1 As the condition is one of Shock resulting from irritation of Sy mpathelz'c Vervous System (es'pecially that portion known as " solar plexus " ), YOll should have treated for Shock ( Textbook, p 43 ) by placing patient recumbent on ground, &c. Further, your excuse about the wet ground shows lack of" resourcefulness." Why not add a ground-sheet to your equipment?

The indication for Schafer's Method is "c::essation of breathing." .In \( winding" :vhich ,fOllows a sharp, sudden blow on abdommal wall (especially pIt of stomach) there is a temporary

Reviews.

THE POPULAR CHEMICAL DICTIONARY.

Hall's Wine is beneficial in cases of N ervous d An -=mia for hasten111g an 0..., recovery after illness and In cor:valescence generally. It . es the powers of reSIstance, Increas . 1 it is a valuable safeguard 111 ow conditions of health.

By C. T. Kingzett, F.I.C.,

F,C.S. Second Edition. London: Balli ere, Tindall & Cox. Price 2IS,

The publication of a second, following so rapidly on th e first, edition, is a proof of the popularity and practical valu e of this Chemical Dictional y, which is arranged alphabeticall y a s an I ndex of Reference. The work will prove of inestim abl e assistance not only to practical chemists but also to th os e members of the general public who, in the COurse of t heir various callings, have to deal or take interest in the innu merable substances connected with Chemistry, which are a ccurately described in this compendium.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION

READING" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSIN C."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member at S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor th e courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms nOW-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. ]. E. WALDEN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874) 112. St. George's Road, Southwark. LondOIJ.

A co U RSE of Lectures for Men ( under the auspices of h e Hospitaller:.' Club) on "First Aid to the Injured " by Dr. Corbet Fletcher, will be held at St. James Church H a ll, Clerken1Nell Green (close to Farringdon-street Station a n d Clerkenwell-road trams and buses) on Wednesdays at 6, I 5 p,m. commencing on 25 th January, 1922. Fee 5s" including Examination (S ,].A.B. members 2S. 6d" not including Examinatio n), Class Secletary" E. T. Milburn, 77, Chetwynd-roacl1 Daqmontb, Park, N.W.5.

The consistent results of \Nine have long since establtshed its reputation, and practitioners regard It. as t e Standard Tonic RestoratIve.

TROPICAL NURSING, CARE

FIRST AID, HOME HOME HYGIENE & OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM,

t.:. B., C M G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, l\;lember of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind MedalIst, Barrister-at-Law, Asst.-Commissioner

St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

fropical Manual of First Ald.

Twentv-fourth EdiLion. Price 2S

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Fifth Edition. Price IS

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Second Edition. Price IS. 6d.

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Household Emergency Chart. Third Edition. Price 3S.

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The Colle ge ofters every faci!ity for instruction in Ambulance

Work in its wid es t interpretatIOn. The fees are moderate and ::Ylembers and Fe:J ows have the use of Anatomical and Pathologi cal Museums, Bandaging Rooms, Ward, Library and Writing

Roo m. Annual SubscrIptions: Members £1 IS., Fellows £2 2S. Wri te for Pros pectus to the MA NAGI.NG SE CRETARY, 56, Queen Anne Street, W. J. 'Phone: MayfaIr 4652

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• "FIRST AID" I

TO THE INJURED & SICK. • An Advance d Ambulance Handbook

By F J. Waqvick, B.A. ,M.B. & A. C. Tunstall, M.D., F.R.C.S., One of the most concise ,:: orks on subiect published at a p opular price - F zr s A l d J

AI D.- December, 1921

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET PLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantab), M.ltC S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, IS.

Flrst·Ald SimplifIed and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

Col. S ir lames Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his !tOM opin i{)n 0/ the book. "-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d •• post free.

Home·Nurslng Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

" This book simplifies a complex subject and should be rea d b1J rt students."-L. & N. W. Rv. GAZETTE.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Price IS., post free.

Difficulties In Study aud Treatment solved by Question and Answe r. f( We commend this book to Lecturers and Students wlzo will jind it 0/ g-rcat u1-viee. "-FIRST AID.

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In Stady, Treatment and .solved Stu den s WIthout doubt the book will be 0/goreat servzce In the traznlng- 0/ those To r whom it is deszgned."-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

Orderly Duties Slm"llfledPaonstd frTeaeb , n91da I' ted, with Aids to Memory. A most compact brochure which contains much useful in/ormation. _ PRESCRIBER.

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Its ApplIcatIOn Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and II6 116 Itlus. Price, IS. net; postage 2d.

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THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.-"'I Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 25. net; postage, 4d.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING.

By THEKLA BOWSER. Illustrated. Post free, IS. 3 d POCKET FIRST AID SERIES. THIRD EDITION.

By Col. R. J BLACKHAM, C.B. C.M.G" C.I.E., D.S-O" M. D

(I) Poisoning,. (2) H remorrhage, Insensibility, (4) Asphyxi a (S'u .,p:nded BreathlOg), (5) Fracture s, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wou nd _ Bite s, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series a ll th e essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-l ined cards, 3i" x 51, 6d. nett each; pos tage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL D. BARDS WELL, M. V.O., M.D •• P. R.C. P. Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3 d THE BIRTH AND IEARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULAN CE TRAINS IN FRANCIE - AUGUST 1914, to APRIL, 1915

By "WAGON-LIT.'" rokd. pos free.

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FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 33I.-VOL. XXVIII

NOTICE TO READERS.

F IRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d • Its aim and object being the advancement o. Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers, All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (n ot necessarily for iJublication) by the name and address of the Co rresponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. 7 elegraphic Address.' "Twentll-/our, London."

7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

T

he Chief Commissioner's New Year's Message to the Brigade.

gard to a revival of first aid interests on the railways have already materialised, for most satisfactory reports are coming to hand in respect of many of the principal lines.

In a recent issue we reviewed ambulance work of the London llnd North-Western Railway and ' gave some extra· ordinary figures indicative of the progress which had been made on that Line for the year ended June last, as compared with the previous twelve months. Increases in one year in the number of first aid classes held of 195 per cent. are, indeed, amazing achievements and reflect the greatest credit upon all concerned.

In this issue we deal with a quarter of a century s ambulance work on the Great Western Railway-one of the first of the railways to foster the movement-and the story is one of continuous progress and expansion, int e rrupted only during the period of the World War H e re, again, we have to record a revival of interest in ambUlance activities, and the enthusiasm which was manifested in connection with the twenty-fifth anniversary of the formation of the Great Western Railway Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, augurs well for the future.

A

B Rank and File Tunic and Trousers, to • • • measure, £2 7s. 6d. Patte} ns and partIculars on application.-Thornton & Co., tailors, 24, Co mmercial-street, Brighouse.

F OR SALE, a quantity of ::vi en's Ambulance Unifor m all sizes, quite new, J65. 6d. a pair. Also 20 pans UnIform Trousers, to clear, at 105. per pair, quite ne w. Also 14 S·l·A.B. Nurse's Coats all wool grey serge, to cle ar at 37s. 6d., cannot repeat.-Tho;nton & Co., tailors, Brighous e'

U FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut fJut and enclosed wzih flll Queries DEC , 1921.

T HE Chief Commissioner wishes all possible happiness and p rosperity to all members of the Brigade, and trusts that all will individually do their best to advance the work of the Order and thereby the efficiency and usefulness of the B rigade.

WHEN a few months ago we sU6gested in our Editorial that there were signs of a real revi val of interest in am bulance work, there were some who regarded the tone of our article as too confidently opti. mistic in view of the industrial position of the country. It is gratifying to learn, however, that the views then exp ressed are materialising, and in no section of industry is this more true than upon railways, In fact, it is, perhaps, a truer statement of the case to say that our hopes in re-

Progress in Ambulance Work.

In order to fittingly commemorate th e event, th e Directors of the Great Western Railway Company are instituting a gold medal award for members of the staff who have fifteen years ambulance efficiency to their credit, as evidenced by the possession of the medallion and twelve label awards of the St. John Ambulance Association. It is pleasing to learn that the first issue of this award will necessitate the distribution of some hundred and fifty medals, and this fact in itself is eloquent testimony to the spirit of humanitarianism on the railway for are prepared to sacrifice their leisure in order to mamtam first aid efficiency over such a period, so that they may be able to administer to the needs of their fellows in emergency, deserve well of mankind.

A cheque for £70 has been sent tfrom the St. John NursIng Divisions and British Red Cross detachments of Southern Ireland to Lady Ampthill towards the Presentation to H.R.H. Princess Mary on the occasion of h e r marriage from all V,A.D.s of Great Britain and Ireland

No. I Distri,t COMMISSIONER:

-FIRST

3"he Grand 'riory of the Order of the j(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3"he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

February, 1922.

Sunday, sth.-No. 20 Division, Hampstead. " "

12th.-No. 21 " Bromley. 19th.-No. 22 Hospital Saturday Fund. 26th. -No.1 5 " East Ham.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNIVERSARY SERVICE AT THE WESLEYAN CHAPEL, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.

r t has been decided to comply with a request made by the Rev. E. C. Barton that a limited number of members of the Brigade should be invited to attend a special Service to be held at the Wesleyan Chapel, St. J ohn's on Sunday, January, 29th.

Officers and members in charge of Divisions are asked to notify Headquarters by the 26th January, 1922, the numbers representing their Divisions who will attend.

Parade at St. John's Gate at lOAo a.m. sharp. Bugle Sound" Fall In)) at 10-45 am.

The Bugle Band will attend

After the Service there will be (weather permitting) a march to Finsbury Circus to dismiss.

RESIGNATIONS.

The Commissioner notes with regret that a number of Officers are giving up their residence in No. 1 District, and have been compelled therefore to resign their positions as Officers in this District. I t is hoped, however, that most of them will be able to carryon their Brigade work elsewhere.

I n connection wit-h the above resignations, it has been necessary to write to each officer asking whether he, or she, wished to be placed on the Brigade Reserve. I t would be convenient if officers in similar cases, on tendering their resignatiom, would state whether they desire to be placed on the Brigade Reserve (see Brigade Order 358 ) BRIGADE RESERVE.

Where members of the Brigade Reserve are attached to a Division, the Superintendent or officer in charge of the Division should see that the names of such Reservist') are shown at the:end of the Form B.F. I, which is submitted to Headquarters at the commencement of the year.

The record of each member of the Brigade Reserve must also be shown on Form B.F.3 i.3, the number of drills he has attended, the result of his annual re-examination, and whether or not he was present at the Annual Inspection.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newspaper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

S.J.A.B. N.C.O's CLUB.-Any N.C.O. of the Prince of Wales's Corps desirous of joining the above club, should send

A I D.- January, 1922

their name and address to the Hon. Sec., H. J. Palmer, 70, Newington Green-road, Loncon, N.I, who will be pleased to furnish any information regarding the club. Entrance fe e 2s.6d.

The consideration of a small quarterly subscription wi ll be discussed at the next meeting.

The club has the approval of the Commissioner and H. Q Staff Officers of No.1 District.

HAl\lPSTEAD (No. 20) DIVISION. - On January 3rd the Division held its annual dinner at "The Refectory," Golde r's Green, where a most pleasant entertainment was provide d, under the direction of Ptes. H. Reed Evans and F. Edward s. The toast of "The Brigade" was proposed by the Chairm an, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, who gave a brief sketch of the origin and history of the Brigade, and incidently noted that the Co mmissioner in 1893 was one of the secretaries of the famo us Northampton Meeting of Officers which brought about the consolidation of the Brigade. The Commissioner, Mr. W . H. Winny, in his reply said he was always glad to accept su ch invitations, and paid a graceful tribute to the support invaria bly given him by all the Divisions of NO.1 District. The toast of "The Visitors" was entrusted to Ambulance Officer C. T. Osborn, who has been actively associated with the Divisi on since it was first registered on Jan. 26th, 1896, and who we lcomed the visitors individually and collectively. Respond ing to this toast, Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks expressed his pleasure at being present and reminded the Division that, though he had judged in their annual competitions, he would shortly pay an official visit as Assistant-Commissioner responsible for the North London area. Dr. Crowdy, Hon. Surgeon to Northe rn Heights Division, also in response to this toast, and co nveyed the fraternal greetings of members of his Division of whom a cheery company was present and contributed in no small degree to the success of the evening. The toast of "The Chairman" was put forward by the Superintende nt Major J. T. Hudson, D.S.O., who in a breezy speech referr ed to the good work done for the Division by Dr. Corbet Fletch er since 1916, when he succeeded Dr. MacFadden, and who, in conclusion, asked the doctor to accept a handsome silve r plated rose bowl and egg-stand as a small token of the Division's appreciation and affection for their Surgeon. T he Chairman having suitably responded a most successful eveni ng ended with the singing of "Auld Lang Syne."

No. 2 District.

We have received from the Cheltenham Corps a lit tle pamphlet entitled" Selected Jottings Airy and Bright," pri ce 3d ., which is evidently issued periodically. I t contains a resulT'e of the work of the various divisions of the corps, corr espondence, and questions and answers, and racy paragraph s We congratulate the Cheltenham Corps on its enterprise in publishing this pamphlet, which is of much interest.

£'10. 3 District.

BIRMINGHAM.-A pleasant little function took place on December 29th, when a .watch was prese!lted to Sergt. A. Drew, of Headquarters DIVISIOn, on the occasIOn of his leavin g Birmingham for Halifax.

I n the absence of the Corps Supt., the presentation was made?y Corps Officer E . who expressed legret th at the Bngade was to lose the serVIces of such an enthusiastic an d able member. Corps Officer G. E. Kingsnorth also expresse d his keen appreciation of Sergt. Drew, and exhorted the othe r N .C.O. of the Brigade to take Sergt. Drew as their standa d. Divisional Supt. F. G. Shaw and Ambulance Officer H. Cotto n added a few remarks.

Sergt. Drew, in a modest little speech: thanked all th e speakers for the kind things they had said, and assured h is hearers .that he would greatly treasure the watch which ha d been presented to him.

January, 19 22 • -FIRST

No. 4 District.

ROCHDALE. -" The Royds Cup" was subscribed to by members of the Rochdale Corps, and presented to Lady Royds as a token of esteem and and in remembrance of all the help given to the Order by Lady Royds, and the late Colonel Sir Clement Molyneux Royds, C. B.

The Cup bears the following inscription: on the front si de" Royds Cup" with the White Cross in silver on black en amel, and on the reverse side, presented to Lady S. N. J. R oy ds, Lady of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, by the Rochdale Corps St. John Ambulance Brig ade, in remembrance of all the help that Her Ladyship and her husband Colonel Sir Clement Molyneux Royds, C.B., Knig ht of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in E ng land have given to the Order.

The presentation was made on Monday, December 13 th by Mrs. Tweedale, J.P., Lady District Supt., NO.4 District, on b ehalf of the Rochdale Corps.

Lady Royds in replying said, I can scarcely find words to say how much I admire the cup for its own beauty, or how dee ply I appreciate this kindness and generosity in presenting it to me, and still more how greatly I value" The Royds Cup )J as a memorial of the great interest my husband, and their frie nd Sir Clement Royds took in their work for the Order of 5t. John of Jerusalem in England and as a token of their affec tionate regard for him. The Cup will be a yearly incenive to Nursing Divisions of NO.4 District.

No. 5 District.

LEEDS.- The annual whist drive and dance of the Central Dlv isiun, Leeds, was held at the Headquarters Y.M.C.A., on J an uary 4th. A most enjoyable evening was spent by a large and appreciative gathering, the local divisions being well repr esented. The Albion Hall was tastefully decorated for the occa sion with limelight effects, and jazz orchestra.

During the evening an exhibition dance was given by Miss Mur iel Clarke and David Dunsby, Esq.

The whist prizes were presented by Miss Ethel Speight, the daughter of the Divisional Officer

December I3th, a demonstration and mee ting was held in Mayor's Parlour (Town Hall), and there was a very good gathering. The Mayoress (Miss E. Balden) presided, and was supported by local others. In ope ning the meeting, she expressed her mterest m the movemen t.

Solos were ably rendered by Mrs. N. Wiiman and Mr. E. Wh itehead, and Lady Kathleen Pjlkington gave a very interesti ng address on the work and usefulness of the ambulance mo vement, and hoped the meeting would bring the . work more before the public and that good would come out of It.

The Secretary (Miss M. G. Ingram) gave the year's repor and also mentioned what the V.A.D.'s had done during the great war, and stated that Mrs. E. Mitchell (Corps Supt. ) had presented a silver salver to be for each year by the divisions, and held by them for that penod.

Dr. G. Mitchell and Rev. F. Wolds proposed and sec onded a vote of thanks to all those taking part in the meeting

Stores and haversacks were set out for inspection, and ban daging was done by the nursing sisters A model wa s arranged, showinll how babies should be cared for.

Al D.- 99 Reviews.

FIRST-AID X -RAY ATLAS OF ARTERIES.

By H. C. Orrin, O.B.E., F.R.C.S. (Ed )

London Ball iere, Tindall & Cox. P l'i{:e 2S. 6d, net.

The advance of X-Ray work is such that it is now possible to render visible the arteries of the body, even to their uttermost end branches. Hence the demonstration of the circulation-which is too often a mystery and source of difficulty to First-Aiders-can now be figured, not as heretofore by sketches and diagrams, but by actual X-Rays illustrations. In bis pocket·size Ft'rst-Aid X-Ray Atlas, Dr. Orrin presents nine excellent photographs of plates which are explained in detail , and which show clearly the relationship of the arteries to the bones and emphasize the importance of the var ious pressure points The book should find a plac.e in all First Aid libraries.

AT SALONIKA.

This is a light and amnsing book by a V.A.D., Miss Marguerite Fedden, who must have been a cheermg companion in the quarters at Solonika, for she had the right active service spirit of making the best of things and seeing 'the amusing side. She tells many good anecdotes which nurses who have been through the canpaign will recognise as part of the conditions of active service. Miss Fedden went out as a cook to a V.A.D. Red Cross Hospital Kitchen. These kitchens, she stated, were a great feature of th.e Expeditionary Force, and had been established In Malta and Egypt but not in Salonika, and she and two other V.A.D. s were sent out to start a test one. I was not cut out for nursing, and was glad to be sent out for cooking. ater on I found that one of my colleagues of the British Red Cross Society had picked the red crosses from her aprons that she might be less likely to have to perform any nursing in which s.he she was not sufficiently profiCient." Many dlrectlOns were given in the event of the ship being torpedoed, and she forts herself with an old story she had heard 1D a Yorkshire cottage. A sailor guest was recounting his adventures to his host and to those of his forebears, for he came of a seafanng fami'I y His host listened and then interposed, "So your father was drowned at sea, and his father before him. Eh, lad, am't you afarid to go to sea lest you should .have t'like end?" "Where did your father die? counter-questlOnd Jack. " In bed, of dropsy." "And your ?" - " He died in bed of a chilL" "Well, aren't you fnghtened to go to bed every night t , General Sir Henry Mahon bas wntten a.n InterestIng preface to the book, in which he speaks most highly of the work of the nursing sisters and the V.A.I?'s,. and the courage and determination with which they carned It through.

We regret to announce the death of Dr. C. A. Mitchell, wh o passed away suddenly on Xmas Day. Lecturer to the Association Classes for over IS years, and Hon. Surgeon, Dewsbury Nursing Division for 10 years, we express o ur sympathy to his widow, Mrs. E. Mitchell, Lady Corps Su pt. of Dews bury and District Corps. St. John Am bulance Brigade. At the annual meeting, December 13th, D r. and Mrs. Mitchell gave a Silver Salver to be competed for by Nursing Divisions of Corps annually.

The first number of the "Irish Ambulance Gazette" was published early this month. We would like to place on record our congratulations and best thanks to the Editor Assistant-Commissioner Colonel R. J. Blackham, for his' enthusiasm in connec.:tion with this publication and for the amount of work he accomplished in getting the Gazttte going in such a short time. It will be issued quarterlys price threepence a copy, free IS. 4d.. per annum. We hope all mem bers and of the Brigade in Ireland will become regular snbscnbers. ,":,e look to getting from our photographs With Items. of Brigade news and of general lOterest SUitable for publica tion in the Gazette.

TlfE ST. JOlfN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

DECEMBER, 1921.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

. No. 49 (Erith) Division.-Divisional Supt. J. T. Trollope resigned, 22.12.21

No. 13 (Ki ng's Cross) Division.-Sergeant-Major John George Palmer to be Ambulance Officer, 19. 12 21

No. 24 (Manor Park) Nursing Division.-Susie Eleanor Hill, M.D., B.S., to be Lady DiVisional Surgeon, 22.12.21

No. 23 (Norwood and Crystal Palace) Division.-Cecil Arthur Enson, M.R.C.S:, L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 22.12.21

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Cheltenham Corps.-Corps Supt. A. G. Cardew transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.12.21

Oxford Corps.-l< rancis Henry-Dickson, M .B., to be Corps Surgeon and Supt., 19.12.21

Chesham Division -Sergt. John Rose Howard to be Ambulance Officer, 13.12.21

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Stourbridge Division.-Divisional Surgeon G. J. Meldom resigned, 17.11.21

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Haltwhistle Division.-George James Williams to be D iv iSIOnal Surgeon, 9.12.21

Herbert Percy Hatewell to be Divisional Supt., 9.12.2 1 Hull CO!PS (P eel House Nursing Division).-Ambul ance Sister J enDle Horncastle to be Lady Ambulance Offi cer, 10.12.21

Durham City Division. --Divisional Supt. D. Herrin g re · signed,S. 10.2

Mid Durham Corps.-Divisional Surgeon John Hill Ros s Garson, M.B., C.M. to be Corps Surgeon, 21.12.21

North Durham Corps (Gat esheal Fell Nursing Division).Robert Forbes, M.B., Ch.B. to be Divisional Surgeon 15 .1 2.21

Gateshead Fell ( Nursing Division).-Division J Boleyn resigned, 22. I 2.2 I

Dudley and District Division.-Sergt. James Gar dner Jackson to be Divisional Supt., 28.12.21

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Shrewsbury Corps (Market Drayton Division).-Sergt. J ames William Birch to be Divisional Supt., 23.12.2

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Littlehampton Division. -Ambulance Officer J. Healey resigned, 30.12.2 I

Seaford Division.-Divisional Surgeon and Supt. W. Livingstone transferred to Brigade Reserve, 31.12.21

Westbere Nur:;ing Division.-Lady Divisional Sup t. E. Sworder resigned, 22.12,21

Ramsgate Nursing Division.-Lady Effie Hertslet to be Honorary Vice-President and Miss Rachel P. Weigall to be Honorary Vice-Presic.ient, I. 12.21

January, 19 22 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 101

Silv erdale Division to form part Hanley and District Corps , 14· 12.21

No 6 DISTRICT.

Spennymoor Division to form Ipart of the Mid Durham Coep s, 22.12.21

No. 8 DISTRICT.

Redhill and Reigate Nursing lDivision.-Sanctioned 13- 12 21 Seaford Division.-Disbanded, 31.12.21

DEATHS.

Corps Surgeon and Supt. W. I. Sellars, Preston Corps, Nov ember, 1921.

JAMES R. ANDREW CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

T h e Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 6th fan, I922.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the fo llowing promotion in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in

As Chaplam:

Th e Very Rev. Charles Mansfield Owen, D.D., Dean of Ripon. As Knt'ghts of Grace:

Si r Charles Hilton Seeley, Bt.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING December, V.A.D. Nursing members were posted to Ministry of Pensions' Hospitals

Applications by ex-Service women for free passages in connection with the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British women number 1,397.

The month of December has bee n an extremely busy one regards applications for free passages to the DomInlOns. The 31st December was the final date on which such applications could be received, and many members had waited until December to forward their applications. Such members may avail themselves of the privileges of the free passage up till the end of the present year.

Members who consider that their earning capacity or have been injuriously affected as a result of their war services or other conditions arising out of the war should avail themselves at an early date of the opportunities afforded by the Central Committee of Women's Training and Employment, to obtain vocational training. The Committee will consider applications for training in any non-industrial employment in regard to which it can be shown that there is a reasonable possibility of permanent and adequately paid work for the candidate at the end of her training. It is quite possi ble that the activities of the Committee may be curtailed shortly, and members should therefore not delay in forwarding applications for assistance. The form of application c.c. 1., is obtainable at any Employment Exchange or from V.A.D. Headquarters, 19, Berkeley-street, London, W I.

.

N.E. Warwickshire Corps (Nuneaton Division). - DivislOnal Supt. A. J. E Randle resigned, 1I.12.21

Northampton Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer MISS C. G. Callier resigned, 10.12.21

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Rochdale Corps.-Divisional Supt. W. Crossland resigned, 31. 12.21

Ambulance Officer Robert Green to be Divisional Supt., 30. I.21

Divisional Supt. J. Crossland transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31.12.21

Colne Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Ellen Hartley to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 30.11.21

Cockermouth Division.-Corpl. Fred Henry Fletcher to be Ambulance Officer, 7. 11.21

Oldham Corps.-Pte. Willie Williams to be Corps Sergt.MaJor, 29. 11.21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

N?ttingham Corps (C,arrington Ambulance Division).-

Fredenck Crooks, M.Ch., l< .R.C.S. to be Divisional Surgeon

7·J2.11

Nottingham Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Henry William Spalght, !--.R.C. P. to be Corps Surgeon, 7.12.21 Corps (Great Division).-John WIlham Robertson, M.B., F.R.S.S. to be Divisional Su

7.12.21 rgeon,

Leeds Corps (Armley and Wortley Division).-Ambulance Officer Edward. to be Divisional Supt., 23. 12.21

Dlvlslon.-Phlhp Henry Job Turton M.B. Ch B to be DIVISIonal Surgeon, 19.12.21 " "

Biddul.ph and DIstrict Corps (Bidd ulph Division).-Pte. Robert SmIth to be Divisional Supt., 24 ,12.21

Borough of Reigate Corps.-Sergt. Arthur James Ste wart to be Corps Officer, 27. 12 21

Borough of Reigate Corps (Redhill Division ).-Ambulance Officer Frank Alfred Sutton to be Divisional Supt, 27.12.2 1 Sergt. David Rivhatd Chatfield to be Ambulance Offi cer,

1.8.21

Hastings Corps.-Corps Surgeon G. H. Howe resig ne d, 17. 12 21

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Nursing Division,-Marguerite Hugo to be Lady DlvlalOonal Supt., 8.1 I.21

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps.-Corporal Samuel Ed ward Barrett t o be Corps Sergt.-Major, 22.12.22

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

Hither Green Division -Charles H. Dodd, J.P., to be Honorary Vice-President, 21. 12.21

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : NO.1 DISTRICT

No. 52 (Twickenham) Nursing Division.-Sanctioned

1.11.21

No , 53 (South Met. Gas Co.) Nursing Division.-Sanction ed 15. 12 21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

City of Bradford Co-operative Nursing Division to fo rm part of the :Bradford Corps, 13. 12.21

Col onel Dlick George Campbell de Burgh, C.B. (from Esquire).

As Lady of Grace.

Ma rian Isobel, Lady Philipps, O.B.E. -

As Esquire:

Surg eon-Commander Horace Bryden Hill, R.N

As Honorary Servin{( Broth ers:

J oh n Paton Hislop

J ohn Abbott.

H erbert Everington.

W illiam Johnson.

T homas William Kidds

Oswald Frank Buxton.

Alfred John Owens Britton.

W alter George Chapman.

E van Owen Jones.

George Storey.

As Honorary Serving .$isters :

T he Rev. Mother Marie Nigay.

H elen, Miss Gillespie.

Maude Elizabeth Lane, Miss Robieson

An nie, Mrs. Robins.

R ose Ida, Miss Robson, A.R.R.C.

E sther Isabella, Miss Danks. As Honorary Associates.

Claud Dawson Henry, M.D.

H enry Howarth Bashford, M.D.

Minni e Laurence Curle, Miss Madgshon, M.B.

James Donaldson, M.B.

Harold George Webster, M.R.C.S.

All V.A.D. members wishing to participate in the wedding present which is to be presented by V.A.D. members of the Empire to Commandant, H.R.H . Princess Mary, should forward their subscription of IS. without delay to their Commandant. It is hoped that all V.A.D. members, past and present, will join in forwarding this present.

A very interesting series of V.A.D. competitions was recently held at Leeds having been arranged by BrigadierGeneral Mends, c.B., County Director for the West RidiGg of Yorkshire. Eight beautiful silver cups were competed for and the judges re ported that the competition between the various teams competing was very keen and the work of a particularly high standard. The pri ze s were presented by the of Harewood as follows :- .

The Bingham Cup, presented by the late Sir John Bingham (Women Senior), Bradford No 134, Captain, Miss D. Harrison.

The Bingham Cup (Men), Castleford No. II, Captain, Corp. Ibbetson

The Mountgarret Cup, presented by Vi scountess Mountgarret (Senior Wom en, Rural Detachments). Rudding No. 42, Captain, Miss Denison.

Pilkington Cup, presented by the Lady Kathleen Pllkington (Junior Wom e n), West Leeds No. 13 8

Mrs. Norton Cup (Junior Women), Sheffield No. 108 .

V.A.D. members are reminded that St. Helena's Holiday Home at Folkestone is now open and that V.A.D. member is entitled to stay th ere. The penSIOn prices are extremely moderate and. everyone who has stayed there is full of praise for the admirable arrangements \ comfortable rooms and excellent cuisine.

It is with the deepest regret that we have to record the death of Commandant Lady Cantlie, O.B.E , London IIO.

Lady Cantli e had for many years befor e th e war and for the whole period of the war given the m?st d e vot.e d work to her Detachment, never sparing herself m the discharge of her many duties and h er loss is an irreparable one.

George Henry Darwin, M.B.E., V.D., M.D., St. And., F.R.C.P., Edin., B.Se., Viet., Knight of Grace, Order of St. John.

WE regret to re cord the death of Dr. George Henry Darwin which took place on Dec e mber 6th, at the age of 6q, after a few weeks' illness.

Dr. Darwin received his medical education at Owens College, Manchester, and qualified in 1880 with the diplomas L R.C.P., Edin. and L.R.F.P.S., Glas. and L.M In 18S! he obtain the Membership and in 1889 succeeded to the Fellowship of th e R C. P Edin. He took the degree of M D, St. Andrews, in 1895, and later the B.Sc , Vict., was conferred upon him.

For many years he practised in West Didsbury, Manchester. He became Physician to th e Manchester City Mission and on retirement was appointed Consulting Physician.

On relinquishing ge neral practice he went to reside in Southport, having been appointed Advisory Medical Offic e r to the L-mcashire and Yorkshire Railway.

Dr. Darwin will best be re memb e re d by his devotion to ambulanc e work and training. He was one of the best known examiners and judges in railway competitions, and the author of" Ambulance L e ctures," "First Aid Cards," and" On Hygiene." He began lecturing in Manche3ter soon after qualification and assisted the late Dr. Dacre Fox in his pioneer work among police and workpeople in ambulance training and examination. He was elected to the Co.nmittee of the Manchester Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association in 1889 and was a most valued mem ber of it. H e was chairman of the Committee for many years up to his death.

About twelve years ago Dr. Darwin was el e cted to the Central Executive Committee of the St. John Ambulance Association in London and only recently retired from it. For his services in ambulance work he was elected an Honorary Associate of the of St. John in July, 18 90, and was enrolled as a KDlght of Grace of the Ord er on February 23rd, 1897.

The great interest in military work which Dr. Darwin took began with his appointment as Surgeon-Lieutenant to the 2nd Vol. Batt., Manches ter R egiment (now 6th Batt. T.A.), from which he retired with the rank of Surg eonMajor and th e Volunte er Officers Decoration. During the Great War h e gave voluntary service as M edical Officer to one of the branches at the 2nd Western General hospital in Manchester and was awarded the M.B.E.

The chief aim and object in Dr. Darwin's life was the spirit of service. Tu the wid e circle of friends who mourn his loss he will be an inspiration, and an example of one who was always ready to h elp in any direction. He had a kind and genial disposition with a sympathetic manner, ever considerate and thoughtful for oth ers.

Twenty=Pive Years Ambulance W ork on the Great Western Railway.

A QUARTER of a century has elapsed since the G reat Western Railway became a Centre of the St. John A mbulance Association, but the formation of the Centre was by no means the commencement of ambulance activities on the railway. As far back as >878, the year after th e St. John Ambulance Association was inaugurated, a rail way am bulance class was held at Paddington, and this is br:lieved to be the first class composed entirely of rai lway servants recorded in the history of the Association

The movement seems to have been more or less generally esteemed throughout the Great Western Rai lway by the year 1888, for between that year and 1895 one hundred and four classes were formed composed of mem bers of the staff, with the result 2,840 men qualified und e r the regulations of the Association to render first aid to the injured.

In 1986 the Great Western Railway Centre of the Association was formed and took over the organisatio n of first aid classes under a Centre Secretary stationed at Paddington. Her Royal Highness Princess Christain acce pted the Presid e ncy of the on its formati"'n, and has consistently evinc e d a warm interest in the welfare of the classes, and during her presidency has signed upward s of fifteen thousand certificates gained by Great Western Railway am bulance wor kers.

With the formation of the Centr e a se ries of ann ual first aid competitions were inaugurated in order to test the efficiency of the men and generally to promot e inter est in the work.

At the outbreak of the South African war when vo lunteers for duty with the medical branches of the Army werp sent out by the St. John Ambulance Association, the G reat Western Railway contributed sixty-two of their am bulance men. The names of five of these will be found upon the memorial in St. John's Church, Clerkenwell, erected to the memory of those who made th supreme sacrifice in mi nistering to needs of the sick and wounded.

The following years appear to have been more or less uneventful as far as the am bulance movement was con cerned. A series of competitions was held '.'lnnually an d a satisfactory standard of efficiency appears to have been maintained. There was a revival of interest about the year 19 12 and developments in connection therewith follow ed fast on one a.nother.

With the obj ect of securing greater departmental cooperation and assistance in first aid work, an Ambulan ce Committee was established at Paddington to deal with matters appertaining to the movement, and one of its fi rst departures was the institution of a series of annual awa rds for practical ambulance work-as distinct from mer ely competitive work-under which gold, silver and bron ze m e dals for the first, se cond and third cases respectively in order of merit! and a number of certificates were award ed in cases in which first aid treatment attorded by Gr eat Western Railway employees was regarded as of an xc eptionally meritorious character.

About this time the regulatiom hitherto in force go verning the annual competitions were thoroughly revise d; individual prizes we re abolished and team contests for beginners instituted with the result that in the followi ng year's competitions a record entry (up to that time) was obtained.

January , -FIRST

Furth e r d e velopm e nts took 10 the 1910, one of the chi e f of which was the gift by the of t he Company of a Challenge Shield in .wlth the annual competitions and the possessIOn of thIS much c ove t ed trophy is eagerly contested year by .

In the same year am bulance corps consIst1Og of quah-

AI D.-

attributable to the inauguration of the divisional or ganis ation.

An innovation in 1914 was th e organisation of first aid classes among women employees, and successful classes were formed at a number of places throughout the railway . In the competitions held in the spring of the year-when

Chart showing progress 18 96 to 1920•

fi ed men with the necessary were. organised at t he larger stations thr f)Ug.hout t?e raIlway m. order that t hey might be rcadilv 10 case of t iculars were provided 10 each Signal box s office as to the n earest Corps, together WIth 1Ofor matIOn as to the nearest doctors and hospitals, with namES, a?dresses and telephone numbers. These .facilities cons:ltuted a considerable imDrov e ment on preVIOUS arrangem"nts. and the railways pos'ition in the important matter. of prompt mobilisation of first aid and medIcal aSSIstance 10 the event

ambulance work may be said to have reached its zenithno fewer than one hundred and teams, representing nearly six hundred men, partICipated. Th ese competitions have proved a great incentive to the of first ,aid efficiency as, apart from th e practIce which. IS inseparable from them, the contests infuse a SP Hlt of rivalry between the various stations and dIVISIons which cannot but redound to the progress of the movement.

At the outbreak of war in August, 19 I4, large. numbers of Great 'Vestern Railway ambulance men ralhed to

of serious accident occurring on any part of the line, was thereby materially strengthened.

. _ . Towards the close of the year a diVISIOnal ambulance t' was established and the excellent results orgamsa IOn . f h b of achieved in the following year 10 respect t e num er successful examinees may be regarded as 10 large measure

, th Royal Army Medi- the Colours, many of them,J0lDlDg e d aluable cal Corps where their prevIOUS tra10lDg prove F a v asset Others prevented from joining the orces, their' leisure t?

mfenhin va luable service with o t e woun. J

Portraits of Divisional Ambulance Secretaries.

am b?lance workers specially detaIled duty m connectIOn wIth enemy air raids.

Dunng the years 1914 tn 1919 ambulance activities were by the texceptional conditions prevaIlmg, but, m Vlew of the continuously increasing numbers of men called to the Colours it is considered that the results achieved during the war period were highly satisfactory Whilst the r.educed the number of younger men avaIlable for first aId Instruction, it had, on the other hand, a marked effect in directing the attention of others to the advantages accruing from the acquisition of ambulance knovyledge and there was quite a revival of interest among older members of the staff, many of whom had apparently lost touch with the movement.

With the signing of the Armistice and the of the tension of war it .was n?t surprising or unnatural that there was a reachon In the mterest displayed in ambulance work. Some defection from the ranks of Great We.stern Ambulance workers resulted, but the penod of reactlOn was of a temporary nature only and by the. end Of. the year 1920 there were un mistaken signs of a revlval of mterest.

During the latter part of 1920 and the early part of

this year the atendances at classes and practices was to some extent affected by the Colliers' strike which necessitated a. r.estricted train The entry for the 19 2 0 competltIons were encouragmg, but this year it may be said that the work is again normal.

Common Errors in First ... Aid. *

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S., Eng

(Continued from page 9I.)

THE Tourniquet, its indication and its application, is too often a profound source of mistakes. Indeed, some students invariably suggest it as the only method of controll ing bleeding. To such, therefore, I commend the follow ing six points if th e y would avoid many errors in the use of the Tourniquet.

Thus, (I) its use is indicated (a) as temporary meas ure only while arterial bleedmg is being treated, (b) as per ma nauent measure only when direct pressure is impossible or fails, .especially i with an injured main artery (that is, brachIal or femoral), # foreign body in wound, and lii fracture beneath wound; (2) its use is a last r esource 111 treatment (except the temporary use just named fur arter ial like Stimulation with brandy and Bandag ing lImbs for collapse; (3) its use must be curtailed to thf shortest possible period, in view of the intense pain an d extreme discomfort caused to the patient-its complete rela xathough not its removal, being effected within thi rty mmutes or sooner if possible; (4) its pad must be pla ced (and kept) accurately on the pressure point, and avoid an y to the vein which accompanies the artery; (5) zts twzstzng apparatus must be arranged (and kept) carefu lly on t?e side of the limb exactly opposite to the pad; an d (?) tts pressure must be just sufficien t (this often varies fro m tlme to time) to co ntrol th e artery and stop the bleeding

In the control of the various arteries mistakes are frequently made because the 3 Points essential to efficie nt are or less neglected-that is, (1) the corr ect posttton of patIent (and part), (2) the correct position of ?pcra.tor, and (3) the correct pressure, be this digital or following notes on the arteries particular attentlOn IS gIven to these points in the hope tha t may disappear and errors be less frequent.

Wlth a wound of the Carotid Artery the incidence of profound Shock would ret{uire that the patient should be lying down and not sitting, as students too often suppo se and as t.he Textbook diagram seems to suggest. Dnd er these rig.ht position for the operato r would be kneelzng beszde patlent but on opposit e side to undF.r treatment the patient should be place d In. recum bent posture, hIS head and shoulders being slightl y ralsed and supported Further, digital pressure above an d below wound must be maintained until doctor arrives By the way, just as the Aortic Arch supplies head neck an d upper li.mbs, so. the Carotids supply the tongue, face and scalp wlth artenal blood.

With a wound of the Facial Artery most students are Me ss rs. Bale, and Danielsson, Ltd., hope to issue these artlCles, when complete, In book form.

Ja nuary, 1922.

FIRST AID.-

content to compress the artery concerned only. This is not sufficient because the intimate communication noted in Textbook betw ee n the right and left Carotid is present also with the Facial Arteries and necessitates compression of both sid e s of wound or of both right and left pressure poin ts N e w instructions ar e given for controlling the Fa cial Artery Ly pad and bandage as for fracture of lower jaw. Personally, I question seriously the efficiency of the me thod and I note that the Textbook is content to compre ss O?te artery only.

Many errors occur in compression of the Occipital Ar tery. The difficulty of locating it is due to the fact that, after being given off by the Carotid, the vessel passes deeply un der the muscles of the neck before it reappears on the an terior end of the occipital bone. As a fact, its pressure po int can be easily found if pati en t and operator place the mselves in their right positions. Thus, for the right Occipital Artery th e patie nt, bez"ng sea ted, should tilt his head toward the right shoulder, while the operator, standing behind, should r ecei ve th e whole weight of patient's hea d on his hand, the finger-tips being placed in a line situate d Im mediately be hind the op e ning of the ear. This done, the op erator will feel the pulsations of the art e ry and, owing to relaxation of neck muscles can compress it against the sk ull three or four fingers' breadth behind the opening of he e ar.

Th E Ring Pad suggested for compound fracture of sk ull is a potent cause of e rror and danger. It should, in m y opinion, be limited to cases of arterial bleeding but, ev en so it is not without danger since it carries with it the ris k of compressing th e brain, especially when the fracture lS shaped like a star and radiates from the centre as is so metimes ' seen in a broken pane of glass. For this rea son, some e xaminers penalise the ring pad.

Errors are too often committed when dealing with the Su bclavian Art e ry. It (like the Occipital) very frequently pro ves difficult (r) to locate (owing to ignorance of its situ ati on behind-and not below-the clavicle); (2) to compres s (through neglect of the precise instructions of the Te xtbook-patient seat ed, part exposed, shoulder depressed, he ad tilted); and (3) to compress by other than digital pressure (by r easo n of ilS peculiar position between clavicle and fir st ri b).

Compr ession of the Axillary Artery by pad and bandage is often regard ed as impossible by First-Aiders, who, hrough errors in technique, are compelled to c(,ntrol bl eeding by pressure on the Subclavian Artery. If, however, they select a billiard ball itself as their pad they can im mediately control the artery in the way described in the Textbook, though at the cost of much pain and discomfort (Q patient. In oth er words, their failure is due to the use of a large, soft pad and to neglect to bind arm tiglztly at ri ght angles to body!

Sometimes errors occur in locating the Brachial Arter y. T o 10Clte it, students must carefully follow the Textbo ok instructions andfitllY extend th e patient's limb with pa lm of hand upwards, as some of us were forced to do on o ccasions when at school! Th e n they will se parate the bi ceps and triceps muscles, and. need n.ot the se am of the coat, the line of WhICh vanes WIth the skIll of th e tailor and the position-up and down-of the coat sl eeve. Another useful method is for operator to stand behind (with his back towards) patient and to lock tIle pa tient's arm betwe e n his own arm and body, whereby the B rachial Artery can b e firmly controlled and the op e rator h as both hands fr ee for use in dressing wounds, etc. By the way students often forg e t that flexion is a most painful /01'1)1 of'compression and, like the tourniquet, must be re-

laxed at the first possible moment-usually within fifteen minutes.

Compression of the Palmar Arches sometimes fails because the patient is not instructed to do his share If the w ork -that is, to grip pad firmly and pull on point of bandag e.. The Arches are protected by a strong layer of tissue, whIch IS very useful to the schoolboy in disgrace, though troublesome to the First Aider in his efforts to control bleeding, which is oft"?n profuse. This renders efficient compression exceedingly difficult and can only be relaxed by flexing the elbow at an acute angle and raising the hand. Hence the importance of selecting the St. John Sling to keep the elbow bent and hand raised.

Compression of the Femoral Artery is at all times a difficult proposition. The difficulties are increased whenas too often happens with this and the Popliteal Arterystudents select a small pad instead of on e" the size of a lawn tennis ball." Again, many students, when locating the F e moral Artery, complain that "the inner side of the back part of the knee" is a difficult spot to find. Well, the lower end of the fermur expands into an inner and outer knob, and the point required is a very small proj t ction at the extreme upper limit of the inner knob. If students would learn to locate the projections on their own thigh-bones, their difficulties would disapp ear when they are called upon to treat cases in emergency. Personally, I prefer th e old method of compressing the Femoral Artery because, if we face the patient, we can not only keep the limb elevated on bended knee but can also observe more quickly any changes in patient's general condition, advantages which are absent in the new instructions to "face patient's feet."

By the way, the anatomy of the hand is such that, while the thumb presses by opposing, the fingers clutch. Therefore, Digital Compression, to be effectual, requires a "Clutching Hand II (thumb or thumbs pressing on pressure point and fingers clutching body or limb) as is most emphatically taught in the Textbook for controlling Subclavian and Femoral Arteries. With the latter, I doubt if any of us can exert efficient digital compression for more than ten minutes.

With Snake Bite s and other Poisoned Wounds some students forget the limitations placed by the Textbook on the various steps of treatment. Thus (r) digital compression is maintained until th e ligatures are placed round the lim b ' (2) ligatures are left in position unt£l the wound is cauterised (3) the dressing is delayed until " after a while," that is until sufficient time has lapsed to secure full effects of the active measures taken. Further, some students attempt to neutralise the burn caused by the caustic, a mistake which might defeat the object aimed at in treatment of Poisoned Wounds.

In the opening lines of this Chapter I referred to the fact that, in my e xp erience, term "Internal Hrernorrhage" gives rise to misconceptlOns, and I stated my preference for the alternative name-" Concealed H remorrhage." Further, I find that the "Signs a nd Symptoms of Internal Hremorrhage" as set out in the Textbook, are a profound source of to many First Aiders, who do not realise that these constitute the evidence on which we suspect severe progre ssive lzcernorrhage , be this external or internal. If this facl is recf'gnised, and if the" Signs ". are analysed, then many difficulties disappear,. because SIgn I. refers to general effects of SIgns 2 and 3 to y effects, Signs 4 and 5 to resplratory effe cts, and SIgn 6 to nervous effects.

First Aiders are sometimes tempted to use stimulants in treatment of Shock due to hoemorrhage. As a fact, the

faintness associated with bleeding is Nature's First Aid and may save life, because it causes th e patient to fall flat on the ground and slows his heart's action. Most authorities deprecate the emergency use of all stimulants in cases of severe hremorrhage, even if controlled, because a recurrence of bleeding may result therefrom. Indirect stimulation, however-such as Smelling Salts to nostrils or sprinkling face-is (I) rapid in action, but transient in effect, (2) free from the urgent dangers of alcohol, which is both brain and heart stimulant, and (3) regarded only as an adjunct to treatment.

Bandaging the limbs is an excellent method of cutting off a large area of the circulation, whereby (1) we can lz:hten the work of the heart, (2) we can procure a more plentiful supply of blood for the vital centres in the brain-that is those which control circulation and respiration, and (3) we can preserve the strength of the patient. With bannaging the limbs I note two common errors. First, some students forget (r) that it is one of the 3 "Last Resources of First Aid-Stimulation with Brandy and Use of Tourniquet being the others-which should only be adopted under exceptional circumstances; and (2) that it must not be lightly undertaken, because it must be done slowly, deliberately and carefully from to es a?zd fingers upwards, if it is to secure its purpose. T is will occupy an appreciable of time, which can only be justified by in mdividual cases, since it prolongs the exposure of the patient and delays his removal to doctor and shelter. Secondly, students often do the work in such a slip-shod fashion that a facetious judge may well ask if the competitors are putting putties on the patient, especially when, as often happens, they start their bandages just abov" the boots which are left on patient's feet.

With Bleeding from Nose many students forget to place patient's arm above the head. Yet this step enlarges .chest, increases its capacity, and thertby produces a SImIlar effect on the large veins (venae cavae) at their entrance to th e heart, whereby th e se vessels are dilated the blood pressure is lowered, and the venous return of blood is facilitated. Other students e rr in the adoption of the Kamerad " method of raising the arms, a method which IS. not but also well nigh impossible With a famtmg patitnt, whereas clasping the hands on top of the head will do all that is required

With Bleeding from an empty Tooth-Socket treatment often fails becaus e the cork is not properly cut to fit the socket as a w edge and the opposing teeth (or in their the p.w) as a furrow; and because the patient is not mstructed to keep biting the cork for a reasonable period, such as an hour. If, however, wedge and furrow be cut, then a small cork will be most effective in results and least uncomfortable to patient.

(To be continued.)

Sergt. Ebbs, City of Dublin Division, has kindly pro_ to give a Lecture at Headquarters, 40, Mernon-square, on February 3rd at 7.45 p.m. The lecture will be entitled" First Aid," and" An Outline of the History of the Order' of St. John." The chair will be taken by the Commissioner, Sir John Lumsden, K.B.E., and Assistant-Commissioners Colonel Blackham and Mr. w. G. Smith, O.B.E., will speak during the evening. The lecture will be free to all membErs of the Brigade. There will be a silver coll e ction to defray expenses.

Al D- January, 192 2

First Aid in Iron and Steel Works.

By A "LABELLIST."

ALL factories now contain men qualified to render F ir st Aid to the injured. These generally wear a St. John or Re d Cross badge, and are known as such to their fellow workmen, who highly appreciate the arrangement of having in every department a colleague who, while following hi s usual employment, is at hand ready for any emerge nc y with a fully equipped ambulance box.

In addition to this, large factories have one or m ore central am statious, fully equipped with all first aid requisites, and generally with a qualified nurse ready to attend to all cases brought into the station.

The men scattered throughout the wo rks, comp'rising men of every trade, e.g, fitters, boilersmi ths , machlners, labourers, storekeepers etc , are banded toget her, forming an am bulance corps which meets periodically fo r drill and instruction.

Upon an accident occurring the nearest am bulance man is at once called, and in the cas e of serious accid ent s a telephone m c sc;age is at once sent to the central stat ion, informing the captain of the corps, who immedia tely arranges to send extra assistance. The captains are usu a1]y

January, 1922.

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man arrives and takes charge of the case, either doiog all is himself, or, assisted by others, dir ecting t heIr operatlOns.

If anything has fallen upon a man, such as a steel pl ate or girder, this should at once be removed, an ambula nce man sent for, whose instructions again must be carried out.

In Blast Furnaces it is necessary to have ambulance m en specially trained in t!::e treatment of men who are gased. It may surprise a good many people to know that mines are not the only places where men get gased.

At a Northern Blast Furnace known to the writer, o ver 200 cases have been attended to in a number of years without a single death occurring in that time.

Blast furnace gas contains carbon monoxide which is p oisonous and suffocating, and the man that is gased, howe ver slightly, must be attended to at once. When the cry " Man gased " is heard, the telephone or messeng,=r takes the news to the Stores department, where those working t here at once seize the restorative appliances which are a lways ready to hand. One grabs the oxygen apparatus, a nother a cylinder containing oxygen, another blankets, a nd rush to the place of the accident; meanwhile water is he ing boiled to make hot coffee. In the pocket of one of th e ambulance men there in a bottle of extra strong smelli ng salts (ammonia) The accident may be in a 6 ft. d iameter gas tubf, with 12 in. or 14 in. manholes. Down th is hole (a hen run) a narrow board with wood strips ac ross is placed, ropes are lowered, slings are placed under th e armpits of the man gased, and he is then hauled up th rough the manhole on to the top of the tubes. These tu bes are 20 ft. to 40 ft. from the ground, and it is d angerous starting artifiical respiration on the top of a t ube l,=aking with clt-an carDon monoxide as one cannot see, taste, or smell it, In this case the man that is gased 'l1 ust be lowered from the top of the tube into the fresh air b elow.

AID.-

warmth to th e body and to avoid pn e umonia or oth e r complic.ations following recovery.

It IS not uncommon to see seven or eight men lying on the ground one time gased, stiff, and to all appearances, dead, the ambulance men start their operations on them, and 10 a short space of time they will have them walking with blankets on, just like a horse parade.

At thIS Ambulance Station there are about 20 to 30 aCCIdents attended to every day. Burns with white hot metal, cut heads and hands, fracturtd arms and ribs all come in a day's work of the ambulance man.

These ambulance men also save the doctors a lot of time and .trouble, and factories get their premiums for compensation very much reduced by having efficient am bulance corps.

J\mbulance.

RAILWAY A 11BULANCE CENTRES CON FERENCE.

The use of oxygen in conjunction wilh Schaefel s method of artificial respiration. situated in the stores department, every man of which is a fully trained member of the corps.

To tIke a concrete example :- Suppose a man has got his arm fast in a machine, word is sent to two or th ree am bulance men who work near the place of the accid ent. In the meantime the machinery is stopped and the man is removed from the machine and the ambulance men ta kes charge clnd attends to the bleeding first. After render ing first aid (bandaging, etc.), and if the case is two bad to be attended to at the factory ambulance station, the man is removed to the nearest infirmary. By the careful handl ing the ambulance men have given to the injured man his arm may have been saved.

A case is known where a man has fallen from the top of a high crane and had both his femurs fractured, a nd , due to careless handling by men not used to first nid, who, in their kindness, were anx ious to get the injured man to the infirmary as quickly as possible, both bones were pr otruding through the flesh of his legs. In accidents lI ke .his it is best to leave the man lying until the ambulan ce

In this factory there is a special ambulance chair, (Singleton's) for lowering injured men, either in a sitting, ly ing, or perpendicular position. The man is then placed in the chair and then lowered to the ground, straps are u nfastened and artificial respiration (SchaFer's) resorted to, a nd oxygen applied to the man s mouth. This is done by m eans of a vulcanite face piece, connected with a length o f india rubber tube attached to a large rubber bladder with a nother length of tubing fitted to a special reducing pressure c ock, screwed into a cylinder containing oxygen. After a m an's breathing has been restored oxygen is still administ ered to the gased man; he is lifted from the ground and h eld up by the ambulance man, although he is uncons cious, one being at each side with the patient's arms over t heir shoulders. He is still getting oxygen, and with the h elp of the strong smelling salts, his eyes begin to quiver t hen open, he starts to look about but is unable to recogn ise anything. Hot coffee is now given, also brandy to r estore the circulation. More hard work is in front of the a mbulance men, the gased man has to be taught to walk, a nd must be kept walking and on no account allowed to s it down, as all the hard work will have to be done over a gain.

More helpers are needed, one at each leg, grasping t he trousers near the top of the boots, and lifting each leg, forcing the patient to use his legs. As he is still stupid with the carbon monoxide, he is sure to say "I'm alright," but this is not the case. Ask him to walk himself, he cannot lift his legs, so he must be assisted to walk, and at the same time he will be wrapped up in a blanket to restore

A meeting of the representatives of the various R a ilway Centres of the St. John Ambulance Associ a ti on wa s held at the Cannon-street Hotel, London, E. c., on Januar y 2nd , and at th e conclusion of the ordinary busin e ss , Mr. Mein (G. E. Railway), on behalf of th e members of th e present e d to Mr. G, H. Nutter, of the L-ancashire and Yorkshire Railway, a handsome Westminst e r chime clock in recognition of his services as Honorary Secretary of the Conference since its inauguration in 19 r 3 He stated they all felt greatly indebted to Mr. Nu tt er for the many services he had rendered to the Ratlwa y Centres in connection with the ambulance movement dur ing the past eight years, and although they all regrett e d that he had four d it necessary to give up the Secretarial duties of th e Conference, they were pleased to think they would ccmtinue to have the ben e fit of his assistance at the Conference and particularly as Chairman for the ensuing twelv e months.

Messrs. Milligan (L. & N W.), Hop e ( Furness), Walker (H. & B.), Hollings (N .E), Ivamsy (L. & S.W. ), also spoke.

A lette r of appreciation was received from 1\1r. Richards (S.E. & C.), who was unable to be present at the meeting.

Mr. Nutter, in thanked the memb e rs of the Conference for the present, and for the ve ry kind se ntiments which had been expressed. He sairi it had always give n him th e utmost pleasure to do everything possible t o make the work of the Conference a success, and he felt their e fforts as a body had been' of material assistance in helping forward the ambulance movement on the railways

LANCA S HIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILW AY A MBULA NC E CENTRE.

In Jan uary last the Lancashire and Y or kshir e Rail wa y Am bulance Centre instituted a Long Service M e dal for their members who pass, or who may already hav e passed twelve First Aid examinations under the auspieces of the Centre.

The first distribution of the medals took place on the 24th ult. ,when 182 memben of the staff who had qualified for the medal attended at the Company's head offices at Manchester and received the award from Mr. R. C. Irwin (the Secreta'ry of the Company) who officiated in th o

-FIRST

absence of the_General Manager, who was unable to be present.

Mr. Irwin referred to the good work which had been done for so many years by the :recipients of the medal, and also pointed out that during the past twelve months there had been a marked revival in the interest in the First Aid movement on the line, with the result that the number of men who had paseed examinations constituted a record for the Centre.

Mr. Nutter (Chairman of the Centre Committee), on behalf of the men concerned, thanked Mr. Irwin for presenting the medals, which he said were highly appreciated by the members of the Centre.

CAMBRIAN RAI LWAY CENTRE.

Two hundred members of the Centre were the guests of the Directors of the Company on November 4th at Aberystwyth. The gathering was also made the occasion

AID. - January, 1922

fetters to the &ditor.

We are in no way res/r.4tribte lor tlte opinions expressed, or the rtatements made, bjl CO?'? espondcnts. -EDITOR, ETC.

S. HELENA, FOLKSTONE.

DEAR SIR,-I think it may interest your readers to he ar of the week-end I spent at S. Helena's, the holiday hotel forNurses and V.A.D. members, which has recen tly been opened under the auspices of the "J oint Nursing a nd V.A.D. Services Committee of the United Services Fund

The house is most charming, as no trouble has been spared in providing for the comfort of the guests; the fu rn iture is a delight to the eye and equally a delight to the body. It is a positive effort to get out of the arm·chairs even to see the really attractive country all round. The bedrooms are quite delightful; the new furniture looks so dainty and fre sh, and after the usual boarding house furniture it is a pleas a nt change to live in the company of fittings which are really

January, 19 22 -FIRST

tha t I shall be crowded out. This letter, therefore, is exceedingly altruistic I-Yours truly, E. W. S.

IMPROVEMENTS OF ANNUAL INSPECTIONt

DEAR SIR,-On July 16th of last year the annual inspecti on of No. District was held in Hyde Park.

In your August number, page 10, the District Orders read s "It was disappomting to find that the attendance on this occasion was smaller than in other years. "

As First-Aiders, of what use was this inspection to us ?

Myown recollection of this inspection consists of standing idly for hours in the blazing sunshine, then a Medal inspection by a distinguished officer; after which, half the men went hom e at once, while far away across the Exhibition Grounds tr ophies and medals were presented by Lady Noble. The r emaining half of the company marcr.ed past the saluting base to a route march.

This same procedure has been followed during recent yea rs, and I again ask, as a First-Aider of what use was this ins pection ?

N a one knew if our pouches were filled or empty or even if our water· bottles would hold water; these are really essent ial points for First-Aiders.

Of course, a " Uniform" to be "uniform" should be all of on e pattern: everyone knows, however, that hardly two haversacks, slings or water-bottles are alike. The efficiency of a Firs t-Aider does not depend on pattern or colour of equipme nt, but just as a medical examination each year should, in all points, test a man's knowledge, so too, should an annual inspection test his drill and equipment.

Now that the New Year has arrived and with it new resolves and a desire for greater efficiency in First-Aid, as 1 921 was the year for asking for stricter examinations, so, 1922 ma y be the year for requesting a stricter annual inspection. Th ere is plenty of time between now and July to get the opi nion of Brigade members, also to make arrangements for a rea l inspection of First-Aiders.

If I were to suggest a rapid and effective inspection that wo uld be a real inspection of a uniformed First Aider I should pr opose the following :Medal Inspection, as at present, by a dlstmgUlshed officer.

Pouch inspection by Surgeon. I have repeatedly noticed that ambulance men are proud to show properly equipped po uches to a surgeon. Water-bottle and Text-book inspection by officers.

AID. - 10 9

[While we have some sympathy with your suggestion, we believe that our proposed central lectures would meet the difficulties more satisfactorily, unfortunately, many most efficient and practical First Aiders fail miserably in theory when they try to impart the knowledge by lectures, whereas in First Aid the lectures, to be successful, must be a combination of theory and practice, that is lecture -demonstrations. The solution offered by another well-known am bulance surgeon is to " catch your doctor young and train him."-E

DITORJ.

SUGGESTION FOR CARD INDEX

DEAR SIR,-I am sorry that I missed the first enquiry about Index Cards, but was very much interested in the letter from Dr. Bottomley in the current issue of your paper. I have only been Divisional Secretary for about 18 months, but have over and over again proved the usefulness of my Card Index, which I made on appointment.

I am enclosing a copy of my personal record as it appears in the Index to show how the card is filled up The only obvious advantage this card has over Dr. Bottomley's is that I have not used initials, which might be confuting.

You will notice that I wrote the address in pencil so that alterations may easily be made. Also that I have added a column for Transport Duties. Our Division deals with a very large number of invalid transport cases, and although these cannot be shown on the Brigade Forms it appears only fair to keep a record. One of our members attended 147 such duties in 1920, another 93, another 67 and so on.

My cards were simply printed off on a hand stencil duplicator.-Yours faithfully, H. B A. E VERSHED

Name

Address Joined War Ser'Jice

1St Cert. 1 Voucher ___ 1 ___ Medal'n

Promotions and Appointments.

I Rank R emarks.

Afonwyn Team, winners of the Cambrian Shield, 1921.

fur a presentation to Mr. T. C. A. Hodson and his wife in recognition of his long services as Centre secretary. Mr. Hodson's connection with ambulance work began in 189S. In 1891 he was appointed secretary of the Oswestry class and assistant to Centre secretary, the late Mr. J. D. Andrew. When the latter relinquished the Centre secretaryship in July, 1909, Mr. Hodson was appointed his successor, and has carried on th e work with great success ever since. Largely through his efforts the number of ambulance teams on the Cambrian has been increased from five to twelve, while no fewer than I,8SS men have now obtained certificates.

Dr. Thomas in making the presentations of a gold wristlet watch to Mrs. Hodson and a gold watch to Mr. Hodson, said that Mr. Hodson's work had been done outside office hours without any favour or hope of reward. It was no wonder a spontaneous movement arose among the members to show their appreciation of his services ungrudgingly given.

Mr. Hodson suitably responded.

artistic and chosen with other than purely utilitarian ends in view.

It would be an impossible feat to en all the food provid ed, though it is so excellent and that one is impelled to here uleen efforts in that direction, and when one has gone for so me of the numerous walks within easy reach of Folkestone, qu ite respectable results can be attained.

S. Helena is within two minutes walk from the sea, an d those who do not care far long walks, the zig-zag walk with its sheltered seats is a great attraction. For those who like to go further afield, Dover on the one side and Hythe on the othe r, are_both within easy reach, and excursions can be made by motor bus to Canterbury, Ryde, Winchelsea, and other places of interest.

The situation of the house is adapted to all tastes, as it is equally near the church and theatre. There is, therefore, no excuse for being either irreligious or dull. In fact, S. Helena seems to me an ideal place in which to spend an holiday eit her for a short period or a longer time. As I am not lucky eno ugh to be able to have the latter I am already making my pl ans to go there at Whitsuntide, and my only fear is by that time so many people will have discovered the attractions of S. Helena

Other and less important items could be deputed to onCo ms.-such as Ration haversacks, buttons, belt, cleanlmess of back of belt fastening. Badges, cleanliness of fixing plates an d pins are greatly respected by the rank-andfil e and this portion of the inspection would be very popular ) Without loss of time (which causes so many men to "fall out" and go home ) The March Past and Route March could be proceeded with, at the conclusion ".Presentati<:>ns:' be made and those interested could remam for the distributIOn.

- Yours truly,

LECTURE ON FIRST AID.

T. W. H.

DEAR SIR -I am very pleased to see your leading article in the Novemb'er issue about" Lectures on First Aid."

Last year I acted as I nstructor to two classes. For t?e first the doctor le c turer (who gave his services ) delivered quite an interesting series, keeping strictly to First Aid and the St. John Syllabus; for the second the lecturer (wh? accepted the usual fees) rambled on in his own sweet way, dlscoursm g what doctors did, quoting Latin names tor all parts of body, and occasionally reading out whole sectIOns of Textbook m a g abbling manner the consequence of which was that the students at the end of the course were in a delightful state of bewilderment.

I n view of this experience I do not why an effi,czent First Aider, say one of 5 or 7 years standmg, should not be a llowed to lecture especially when the customary lecture fees c annot be afforded. I am informed unofficially that our great pioneer Sir James Cantile, is in favour of this proposition. I ag ree however that examinations must always be conducted by a doctor.- Yours faithfuily, " INTERESTED."

No. ditto Labels Nucsing

EXAMINATION ON STRICTER LINES. DEAR SIR -1 was pleased to read E. H. Russell's letter in last month's FIRST AID, as I see he with me if examinations were held by Corps or I?lvlsl ons of the Brigade only, it would be a step in the He wants to know the objectIOn to formmg a Division of the Brigade in our locality.

Personally I have no objection to it at all. In fact, I have tried to form' one, more than once, but I have approached all our members and held meetmgs on the subject, but could get suffiCient members were willing to join the Brigade, I say,. ours IS only a small mining village and lots of faCIlIties which a!e present in a town are absent in the village. I have not saId yet that " we will not join the Brigade." .,

I see Mr. Russell states that "the oblect of FJ rst Alders should_be to render First in accident. Illness and not to go in solely for wmnmg competitIOns. I also with him in this but I have never yet met a man who goes 10 solely lor competitions.

My idea of a man who goes i.e for competitIOns IS he will be a better First Aider for domg so than he would be If he

IrO -FIRST

only stuck to ordinary C lass work. Competition work makes a man study his Textbook, practice ambulan c e work, so that he is able to apply first aid when it is needea and above all helps h im to keep cool, calm and collected at a tIme when the s e q ualifi c ations a r e needed.

I would l ke to give one pro of of this As have menioned before, we are miners. One of our members while fo ll ow ing his o cc upation c ame across a large fall of stone and he a rd moanin g beneath the stone. In spite of danger to hims elf he se t to work single-handed, and found a man and two bo ys beneath the stone. The man had a severe wound on the head and a crushed ankle, one boy had both femurs fractured, and the other boy had three fingers chopped off These three were all treated and conveyed out of the pit in less than an hour and a ll the help the First Aider had, was given after he h a d g ot the men from under the stone and bandaged up. He the n got help w ith the transport of them to the ir homes and t he h osp ital. These chaps were all back to work in a short ti me.

Thi s is where the extra work which one has to put in for c ompetit ions, comes in useful, as I have seen some people who would h a ve run fur help in such a ca=e and pe.rhaps have lost valuable time by doing so.

I could ment on lots of such cases, but I hope I have al re ady pro ved that competition work makes any man better than he would otherw ise be - Yours, etc , W. M.

Queries and .Answers to eOt't'sspondents.

2 u er i es will be dealt with u"der Ike jollo'C!Jing ru es ;-

t .- Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on the toP left kana corner oj the "Query," and addressed-F1RsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2.- All Que ries must be accompanied by a " Quety COUPOtl" cui (1'011 t he current issue oj the Journal, or in case oj Queries jrom abroQI jrom a recent issue.

? -The Textbook, to which may be made in the se co!umnj is t he 36 th (I920) Edi tion of S.J.A.A. Manual of Fi?St -Aid.

F RA CTURE D BAS E OF SK U LL

G. W n your Aids t o F i r st-A i d ( page 12) I note

Fr ac tured Base of Skull insens bility is usually Im medIate and hce morrbage may o ccur from nost", orbit, and ear. I write to ask ( I ) if an insens lble pat ent can swallow, (2 ) if not how does blood g et Into the stomach, and ( 3) if an insensible patient can vomIt. Please assist me in my difficulties.

The Textbook gives only one condition in which insensibil it y. s invc:ri ab ly, present, and that is Epilepsy. In all other c onditIOns Base) the insensibility may be complete (and ImmedIate ), partial (possibly passing to comp let e), delayed or even ab i ent.

U nder lhese c ircumstances a patient partially unconscious a s result of Fractured Base may swallow blood and vomit it. ;;ren c e the ,i,nstru ctions to keep such a patient s head turned to SIde. With complete loss of consciousness may tnckle down the gullet into the stomach and be vO ml ted later when patient recovers. partial or complete consC IOu sne ss. An unconscIous patIent cannot vomit. - N. C ORUKT FL ET C HE R.

T R E AT MENT OF A L COH OLI S M.

D. L. (Bi rmin g ham ) - The General Rules for Poisoning ( p. ISS ) teach us to keep awake a patient who threatens to go to sleep. Does thIS apply to Poisoning by alcohol? I al ways understood that the best treatment for drunkenness was to let the patient sleep it off after vomiting which always seems to occur without an emetic. '

AI D.-

January, 1922.

First Aid has nothing to do with "the best treatment. " It is only concerned with "prevention of aggravation of injury or condition," which in this instance may be fatal coma du e to collapse. Further, the main object in Treatment of Insen sibility is to "prevent stupor deepening into coma )} ( p. 128)

Therefore, I think that in First Aid this Rule does ap ply to Alcoholism and that it is for the doctor to decide whether or no a patient should" sleep it off. " Otherwise serious mista kes might be made by First Aiders.

Your experience with" drunks" must be limited, as I h ave had to treat cases in which vomiting was produced only after vigorous treatment and repeated emetic,. - N. C. F.

B R OKEN PATELLA AND TORN CALF MU S CLES

H. A. (Australia ).-In the August issue of FIRST AID there IS ( p. 25 ) a stretcher test in which the patient is suffer in b from a simple Fracture of Patella and severed rr,uscle s of calf with free ( presumably arterial) bleeding. Please tell us why in this instance the patella should not be splinte d Distance delays your query, and you have probably already seen my Answers to Queries on this point in the October a nd November issues so that I need say no more.-N. S. F.

FRACTYRE OF TARSUS.

G. T. ( Birmingham) expresses appreciation of assistan c e derived from these columns and asks :-With a Fracture of Heel-bone would you favour treatment as for Fractures TIbia and Tibula in preference to that for Crushed Fo ot or would you recommend the two treatments in view of the transport of patient?

I fail to see any indication for varing the instructions aid down in Textbook (p. 68 ) for Crushed Foot which co v ers Fracture of Heel-bone. Time would be lost and no advanta ge gained by applying splints as suggested. -N. C. F

WOUND S IN COMPETITION T ES T S

H. R. (Australia ).-With a view to making a standard for all competitions, do you consider it preferable to mark woun ds in such tests? Out here in Australia the point is be ing much discussed. Some judges favour the proposal wh ile others have yet to fall into line. We shall welcome yo ur comments.

If competitions are to carry out their mam object, that is "to test the capabilities of competitors in treating ca ses 0 actual emerg encY"- then there is no question but that all wounds which in actual practice would be easily seen, or m ig ht be suspected by dampness of clothing over seat of injur y, should be plainly marked by red ink or red cloth or indicated b y wetting the clothing over supposed wound. Indeed, the mor e realistIC the competition test is, the greater is its value as a means of trial of the efficiency of the competltors -N. C. F.

ERRORS IN TEXTBOOK

M. D. ( London).-As a keen ambulance surgeon I am re ading with great interest your instructive article on COl7ZmoN Errors in F i rst Az'd. Have you noticed that, dealing wit h Fracture of Patella, the Textbook tells students to appl y backsplint, then to approximate the broken fragment s, and after7vards to secure splints to thigh and leg? O course, the spl int should be fixed first, and, only whenthis is done, should an attempt be made to approximate the fragments. Just fancy a FIrst-Aider trying to get the fragment s together with an unfixed splint bobbing about ! What d o you say ?

I am in full accord with your views and thank you for you r kind letter with its useful practical point.-N. C. F.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "Fir.t Aid "

Il---IN---II

SPORTS INJURIES

bruises, sprains , cuts, and swollen joints, the treatment is IODEX.

stiff II ideal II

I n the treatment of stiffness, soreness, and conditions arising fr om v igorous exerci s e IODEX is superior to liniments and embroca tio n. The ready ab s orption of I ODEX secures deep penetration of its Free I o dine wh ch qu ic kly reduces swelling or inflammation, relieves pain, and aids the restoration to normal health. IODEX does not blister, harden, or stain the skin, and may be when other form s of iodine are inadmissible.

Prescribed Every Day

For \vell over 25 y ears Hall ' s Wine has b e en prescrib e d by medical n1en \vith implicit confidence In the results. Its value ha s been proved in daily practice .

HaU's \Vin e is p a rt icula rl y b e n eficial in cases of N e rvo u s D iso rd er s a nd A nce mi a, fo r has ten ing recove ry a ft e r illn e ss an d in conval e scenc e gene ra ll y . Bec a use it increases the p owers of re si sta nc e, it is a \'al ua b le safegua r d in low conditi o ns o f h eal t h

Th e c onsi s tent results o t H al l's \!\Tine ha\'e lo n g sin ce e s tab li she d its reputation , a nd t o -d ay m any pract iti o n e rs r e ga rd i t a s t he Stand a rd T o n ic R es t ora t iv e. The

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., :vI.R.c.P.E., D.P.H.{Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, N,Iember ?f the Order of Mercy, Kaiser·i·Hind MedalIst, Barnster·at·Law, Asst. ·Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

fropical Manual of First Ald.

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AID.- January, 1922 -

MANUALS OF

FIRST-AID,

&C.,

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AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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Flrst.Ald Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory.

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WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID

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HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

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By "WAGON - LIT." post

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posttree. + "FIRST AID" L TO THE & SICK -.-

An Advanced Ambulance Handbook, By F. J. Warwick, B.A.,M.B. & A. C. Tunstall, M.D., F.R.C.S., • One of the most concise works on the subiect published at a popular price. "-First Aid J o1trnal

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FIRST AD

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 332.-VOL. XXVIII

NOTICE TO READERS.

PI RST AID is published on the :loth of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

• Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily ror tJublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. 7 elegraplzic Address.' "Twentv·four, London. " 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

E ·DITORIAL.

inclined to rank the quality of human sympathy high In the list of essentials for the ideal ambulance worker.

It is fairly obvious that a course of training which develops such desirabl e charackristics cannot be without considerable benefit to the student, apart from their value in connection with his ambulance educati<?n, and those who cultivates these traits by dint of assiduous ambulance training must find themselves better equipped for the daily round and common task. Such training coupled with actual First Aid experience widens a -man's sympathies and increases his self·reliance The contact with broken humanity must tend to soften the hardest nature and though such experiences may be, and doubtless often are, trying, they do much to increase man's humanity to man and add to th e sum total of good in the world.

IN the December issue of this Joumal

88-91 Gpeat Tltchfield Stpeet London. W 1. S J A B Rank and File Tunic and Trousers

all wool grey serge, to cle ar, at 37s. 6d., cannot repeat. - Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighou se . "FIRST

AID " QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut tJut and enclosed with tlll Que,.ies JAN., 19 22

THE assertion made by an officer of the Great Western Railway Company at a Pro ducts of recent distribution of ambulance awards an Ambulance to the effect that the trained "FirstTraining. Aider l) was generally found to be quick in thought, decision and action, or, if an Americanism is permitted " sharp in the uptake" raises th e que stion as to how far an ambulance training is benefic ial to the student, apart from the primary object of the in st ruction. The fact that the speaker had been in charge of large numbers of men for many years qualified him to mak e an authoritative statement upon the subject, and it is interesting to notice what the special qualities are which th e course of instruction in First Aid tends to develop.

The By-

The Official Handbook of the St. John Ambulance Associati on lays it down that the student should be-" Observa nt , Tactful, Resourceful, Dexterous, Explicit, Discrimina ti ng, Persevering, Sympathetic."

Presumably the order in which these qualifications are ar ranged has no special significance for one would feel

Benevolent Fund of the

St. John

we mentioned the inauguration of the Benevolent Fund for the Brigade. We undtrstand that a Committee of ManageAmbulance ment has now been formed consisting Brigade. of the Commissioners of the various districts of the Brigade.

We hope shortly to be in a position to give the rules governing the Fund, also its objects, and it being established on a sound financial footing, with the support given by the whole of the members of the Brigade There is no doubt that the establishment of the fund will meet with the approval of everyone connected with the Brigade for its object is to h elp distressed comrades and others of their kith and kind.

When this Joumal put forward the suggestion of such a fund in 1912, we then mentioned the fact that the Brigade should followed the lines of the Benevolent Fund established by :the National Fire Brigades Association. We have since had placed in our hands, the last report of this excellent Fund. It has an invested fund of .£ 19,000 and is able to make grants to all the bona /ide applicants embracing membership of tht: Association. Every mem ber of the Association IS

AID

-FIRST

entitled to benefit under [the fund regardless of him being a contributor, and there are several inducements in the form of trophies offered annually for the Brigades which r collect the largest sums towards the Fund and in this way Brigades organise concerts and other functions to supplement its income. A suggestion that we would put forward is that the Committee of the Fund appoint a Charity Representative in each District, whose purpose should be to enquire into the case of any member makmg application for grants, at the same time to help in the organisation of the collection of funds.

We feel sure that this fund will receive loyal support of all members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, for it should be the means of members helping their comrades or their dependents.

fetters to the &ditot'.

We are in no way resjt;nsible tor tke opinions expressed, or the statements made. by Con espondcllts .-EDITOR, ETC.

FIRST AID IN IRON AND STEEL WORKS.

SIR, -" Labellist's/' article in the January issue of AID is e xtremely interesting, and shows how F.lrst Aid organisation is in the modern factory. In hIs descnptlOn, however, of sorr.e of the methods adopted in the treatment of carbon monox ide poisoning, should not pass unchallenged into circulation among First Aid students.

The two great essentials in first. aid treatment are to restore respiration and prevent heart faIlure.

The deadly action of carbon monoxide is due to thp. red blood corpuscles taking up the gas to the of oxygen, and in a severe case:of poisoning the blood carnes more monoxide than oxygen. oxygen is necessary for the contInued action of the circulation and heart, and is used up by movement. Therefore, at all stages of treatment, REST is essential to avoid using up the oxygen which is keeping the circulation and heart going.

The administration of oxygen, with Schzefer's method when respiration has failed, or is failing, at the earliest possible moment is sound and correct treatment.

The danger of suffocation having been overcome the next is heart failure, and as many cases dIe from one cause as the other.

Once the patient is breathing tlte only treatment is rest

Warmth and stimulants should be administered while the patient is resting.

If cases of this form of gas poisoning have been "kept walking:and on no account allowed t<;> sit and lived afterwards, we car: only conclude the dIagnosIs was wrong.

H. W. SPAIGHT, L.R.C.P., &c. Corps Surg. S.J .A.B., Nottingham.

S.-E. & C. RAILWAY.-We ver y much regret to learn that Mr. E. A. Richards, the Chairman of the Centre and Commissioner of the S.-E. & c. Railway District, S.J.A.B., has recently undergone a serious operation. We are sure all our read ers on the S.-E. & C. Railway will wish him a speedy rec.ov ery, in which we heartily join.

February, 1922

!The Grand of the Order of the .}{ospital of St. John of lerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

No. I Distrkt COMMISSIONER:

!The St. John J\mbulanee Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL March, J922.

Sunday, 5th.-No 24 Division, Lambeth.

" 12th.-No.25 " Tottenbam.

" I9th.-No.28 " Harrow and Wealdstone.

" 26th. -No. 29 " Walthamstow.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL BRIGADE COMPETITIONS, 19 23.

I t has been announced that the following competitions will be arranged :(a) ('om petition for the "Dewar" Challenge ShIeld and" Symons Eccles" Challenge Cup, open to Ambulance Divisions.

(b) Competition for the "Perrott" Challenge Sh ield, open to Nursing Divisions.

Conditions of the competitions, and entry forms can be obtained on application to the Chief Commissioner, St. John's Gate.

AWARDS BY THE ASSOCIATION.

The following notification has been received ;-:(C Applications for the medallion of Assoclatlor: or: behalf of persons who have the reqUirements of ItS Issue having recently reached the .C hlef Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association, attention IS drawn fact that In .no circumstances can the medallIOn be gamed In a lesser pe nod than one year.

This does not imply that twelve mo,nths elapse between examinations in first aid, as there IS no Interval required to elapse between exan:ina tions .in that in cases where only two examInatIOns III first aid thad being in home nursing ) are taken towards the medallIon, when twelve months must elapse between each. ., It should be borne in mind that no two exammatlons in the same subject may be held in the same calender year."

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Coml1zission e?'.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of pu blication of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

S.J.A.B. N.C.O.S CLUH.-All N.C.O.s of the. Prince Wales's Corps are invited to attend the next n:eetmg of t above club. to be held at Messrs. W. H. SmIth and. Sons club, II, Milford-lane, Strand, W.c., on Thursday, March 9th , at 7.3 0 p.m. d' d Th Com- Subjects of general mterest to be Iscusse.. e TTJittee wish to take this opportunIty of thankmg have made the club known, also the Editor for glvmg I publicity in FIRST Am. 1 h In fl.llSwer tv inquiries, the du ) the sa nction of t e

February, 1922. -FIRST

Commis sioner of No. I District. Any N.C.O. who has not yet heard about the club can receive full particulars by £ending his n.ame and address to the Hon. Secretary, H. J. Palm er , 70 Newmgton Green-road, N. 1.

No. 6 DIVISION "FIELD AMD\JLANCE."- The annual meeting of No.6 Division was held on 'Wednesday, January lIth it: the club room, St. Tames's Church, Clerkenwell Green, when It was proposed to form a "small field ambulance " in connection with the division, and asks the readers of FIRST AID who are interested in field ambulance work to communicat e with the officer in charge with a view of joining the diviion. It will not only be beneficial in time of war, but will be of great assistance on public duty. The practice night is each We dnesday at 7.30 p.m. in the club room, S1. Jame 's Church. There are hunareds of men who did usefnl work at lhe front in field ambulance work who would be only too glad of this opportunity of keeping up their practises and we should be glad to receive such men in the division. Transfers to No.6 Division could be arranged through the officer of the diVIsion should this appeal to anyone who is already in the Brigade.

ROYAL KENSINGTON (No. 70) DIVISION.-On January 20th the Division held at Kensington Town Hall a Fan c y Dress Dance and Social, under the direction of Pte. J. Owens.

The function was honoured by the presence of the Mayor (vice-P resident ) and Mayoress of KenSIngton Judging from the num ber present the function pro ved a popular event. Handsom_e prizes were offered for the best cost umes, the judges having some difficulty in arriving at their decis ion.

The pri zes gained for the best costumes were presented by the Mayoress.

Prizes gained in the Annual Competition and R.N.A.S.D.R. Long Service Medals were presented by Capt. A. W. J ournet, Cricklewood (N o. 56) Division, who congratulated the d ivi sion on its success, and spoke of the good work performed by the mem bers of the Brigade throughout the country. Supt. Stone gav e a short resume of the work of the Division and thanked one and all for their kind support.

On January 27th the St. Luke's branch of the Division held their annual Concert at West Kilburn, under the direction of Sergt. Fairs and Pte Freeman, an excellent programme being rendered which was well appreciated by all.

No. 3 District.

BIR:\IINGHATIL-O n Sunday, February 5th, the Snow Hill, G. W. Railway Division, visited Mitchell's and Butler's Division for the first round of the Inter-Divisional Competition. The examiner, Ambulance Officer J. F. Lisle, New Street (L. N.W. Railway Division )adopted a somewhat novel method of examination. Instead of a team stretcher case, he took the me n individually, only number two having to deal with a practical test.

After a very closely fought contest M itchelb and Butler's Division were declared winners by one mark.

The examiner congratulated both teams on their work, and offered some useful criticism.

The proceedings term!nated with of to Ambulance Officer J. F. LIsle for conductmg the competitIOn.

No. 4 District.

MANCHESTER AND SALFORD.-On January 21st last.a

Fancy Dress Carvival was held at the Houldsworth Hall In aid of the funds of the corps. Upwards · of two hundred dance;s in fancy dress, with a sprinkling in the orthodo; evening dress. District Officer C. H. acted as M.S. Lady District Supt. Mrs. Tweedale and DIVIsional Surgeon R. D. Cran, officiated as judges. The Mayor of Salfora, Alderman Barker, attended the dance accompamed

AI D.-

by the Mayoress. In presenting the prizes the Mayor expressed the pleasure it gave the Mayoress and himself to the dan.c e, and commented on the good work the BrIgade was domg in Manchester and Salford.

On the motion of the M. C. a hearty vote of thanks was passed to the Mayor and Mayoress for their presen ce and support.

The judges had a very difficult task among so many good costumes, but finally the pri zes were awarded as Ladies, Miss Ada Rily, "Butterfly"; Miss J. C. Steedman. I. Glaxo" ; Miss B. D' Tyrell, "Cherry Blossom Boot Polish."

Gentlemen: Mr. E. Pennill, "Egyptian Water Carrier "; l\lr. J. W. Tones, Jose "; Mr. A. Carter, "Sweep." Spot Dance prize, Miss Palmer and Mr. Long. Among many other costumes which received favourable comment were: Indian Squaw, Dutch Girl, Nelly Wallace, Indian Warrior, King Charles, and Captain Cran's party Jazz Band.

The dance was organised by Lady Supt. Mr. Cran, assisted by members of the Manchester, Salford and Openshaw NursinQ' Divisions and the Salford and Hulme Ambulance Divisions.

No. 5 District.

CHESTER FIELD -A conference of officers and members of the North Area Derbyshire Nursing Divisions was held ar Chesterfield on Saturday, January 28th. Invitations to be present were issued to nursing divisions in neighbouring areas.

Assistant Commissioner H. C. Chambers presided, and officers and members from the foll owing nurs ing divisions to he number of 50 were present :-B olsover, Creswell, Derby, Heeley, Sheffield and Staveley.

Lady District Supt. Mrs. J. Bil kbeck addressed the meeting on the subject of Brigade work generally.

Lady District Officer Mrs. G. E. Wood, M.B.E., spoke about the work in the area and proposed a vote of thanks to :\ Irs. Birkbeck, this was carried.

Accounts of Brigade and vVelfare work were given by Lady Division Supts. Mrs. \Valler (Sh effield ) and Miss Darby (Derby).

A suggestion was made that instruction in the proper laymg out of a body for burial might be gi ven to senior members of nursing divisions.

It was felt by the meeting that thIS hardly came wlthm the scope of the work of nursing divisions.

The quarterly conference of medical ambulance and nursing officers and divisional secretaries in the area was held at Chesterfield on Saturday, February I th., Assistant Commissioner H. C. Chambers presiding.

The Assistant Commissioner welcomed the promotIOn of Divisional Surgeon and Supt. Captain W. T. Wood Creswell to the rank of county surgeon, and referred to the work of that officer during the past S years.

Representatives were present from the foIlowmg dIvIsIons: Bols')yer ambulance and nursing, Chesterfield, Lamgwith Colliery, Sheepbridge and Stave.ley

A reply was read from the Chief CommIssIoner to the Resolution passed at the last conference. on the subject of Efficiency of members during the War pen<;>d.

It was unanimously dec;ided to establIsh a fund the area for the purpose of the furtherance of Brigade 111 the area such fund to be administered by the ASSIstant Commissioner, with such advice and assistance as he might The arrangements made to select a team by to represent the area in the competition for the" Perrott ShIeld" were detailed.

The subject of the formation of Cadet divisions 111 the area was postponed until the next conference.

LlNCOLN.-The annual general meeting of the Lincoln Corps was held on January 12th, at Headquarters. Among those present were Dr. R. Ashleigh Glegg, M.D., M.B., Corps Officer, VV. A. Codd, Supt.., Mrs Lambert, A.R.R.C., Ambulance Officers Mrs. J. SIms, WIlham Tra fford, A. Hackord . - In opening the meeting, Dr R. Ashlelgh Glegg con-

II6 -FIRST

gratulated the members on the past year's work, and hoped they would continue to carryon the good work of assisting their fellow citizens in times of accident and sickness. Without their aid victims were often left to the care of well-intentioned but untrained people. The annual report presented by Corps Officer ,V. A Codd, showed that during the past year

First Aid and Home Nursing lectures had been held, besides field practices, :lnd various nther lectures of an interesting and educational character. They had in the Cbrps 73 Medallions and 27 Nursing Certificates, 3 Long Service Medals, 2 B:lrs. In the City of Lincoln the members had attended over 200 cases of accident and 93 patie1lts had been removed to various places by the St. John Ambulance Van. In the large engineering works over 8,500 cases of accident had been attended to by the members of the Lincoln Corps, and these records should prove how valuable are the services of trained members of the S.J.AB., to the employers in Lincoln. Two social meetings and concerts had been held, also a motor drive with tea and sports at Branston Park. In concluding the business of the evening, Dr. Ashleigh Glegg appealed ' to all persons holding- the St. John Certificates, also the old members of the Corps to come forward and help to carryon the work of rendering First Aid to the sick and injured.

NOTTINGHAM.-At the officer's meeting of the above corps, held on Monday, February 3rd, Corps Supt. A. :So Gibson in the chair, a unanimous expression of regret was recorded on hearing of the illness of Assistant Commissioner Chambers We hope he will have a speedy return to health.

The increasing activity in the corps was shown by the fact that new classes are being formed in the suburbs. Lectures are being given to a large class of men at the University with the object of drafting the new members to the various divisions of the corps.' Central lectures on "Home Nursing " are also being given for Nursing Divisions.

Keen interest was shown in the discussion on the age at which young people became eligible for membership in the Brigade. The meeting considered that, as many youths and girls had had their mterest in "first-aid " work aroused in association with such organisatians as the Boy ' s Brigade, the Boy Scouts, and the Girl Guides; and that such associations often terminateGl at the age of 16, that age was the most suitable time to draft them into the St. John Ambulance Brigade. We hope the powers that be will see their way clear to reconsider this matter

Arrangements are being made to enter a corps team for the "Dewar" Shield. The Nursing Divisions are also entering teams for the" Perrott" Shi(!ld " ; and the first competition for this trophy in the area is being held in Nottingham on Saturday, February 25th.

Altogether the New Year has opened very auspiciously in Nottingham, being particularly fortunate in having obtamed the services of Major Spaight as corps surgeon. By his influence, already, ambulance work in "the Queen of the Midlands, " has. experienced an impetus which:officers of the corps are determmed to follow up.

The" War weariness" so often spoken of .luring the past three years, has entirely disappeared; fresh interest is being shown on every side, and the outlook for ambulance work has never looked brighter. We hope that every corps in the K ingdom will have the same experience. ;

No. 12 (Irish District).

On Saturday: January 14th the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Dublin opened a First Aid Hut, erected by the Brigade at Foster-place, College, Dublin. Corps Supt. A. J. MacWIlliam took infinite trouble with the erection and equipment of the Hut, which is correct in every detail.

An Orderly is on duty during the daytime, and from 6 p.m. orderlIes from Messrs. W. & R. Jacob's, City of Dublin, Morgan, Mooney's Divisions take duty week about. I t is proposed to erect a similar Hut in Parnell-street at an early date.

Sergt. Ebbs City of Dublin Division, gave a most -inter-

AI D.- February, 1922

esting lantern lecture at Brigade headquarters on Febru ar y 3rd. Sergt. Ebbs, who has some splendid slides, traced the History of thee Order of St. John over many centuries down to the present day.

The chair was taken by the Commissioner, Sir Jo hn Lumsden, who, at the conclusion of the lecture, congratula ted Sergt. Ebb on the entertainment he had provided for the members of the Brigade that evening, and expressed the hope that he would repeat it again in a larger hall, which would g ive an opportunity to every member of the Brigade of hearin g it and learning more of the History of the Order.

Assistant Commissioner Colonel Blackham also co n· gratulated Sergt. Ebbs, and said he had seldom listened to a more interesting lecture.

Amongst those present were Mrs .Blackham, the Mi sses Blandford, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks, Supt. F. J. Ho rne, Miss A. Gray, Mrs. Edgar, and many representatives from the various city divisions. Assistant Commissioner W. G. S mith was unavoidably prevented from attending at the last mome nt.

The Brigade Piper's Band again turned out for the Ru gby International between England and Ireland at Lansdow neroad on Saturday, February I Ith, and played many select ions from their repertoire to a huge waiting crowd before the ma tch. The Brigade Ambulance and orderlies were on duty at the Match.

We much regret to record the death after a long illnes s of a Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Barker, North co. Dublin Nursing Division

As a result of a Whist Drive and Dance the Bro dsworth Main Division has made a profit of about £ 60, a very satisfactory function

First-aid examiner: "Can you tell me what your verteblre ara? " Young Lady (blandly): "My vertebr re ?" (Short pause). "Oh, I khow. It's what my head sits on one end, and I sit on the other! "

S.E. & c. Ry.-Owing to pressure on .our space we regret we are unable to publish in this issue a report of the prize disistribution which took place at Cannon-str eet Hotel on February loth. An ancount will appear in onr next issue.

• • c

The INew Cross Division has for disposal a rub ber tyred Ashford litter, which cost £20, and has only b een used three times. They will except any reasonable o ffer for same. Apply, Ambulance Officer Webb, 55, Endw ellroad, Brockley, S.E. 4.

3: E:

The Annual Ambulance Competition of the Bro ds'worth Main Division will be held on Saturday, June 24th: The" Thelusson " Challenge Cup and valuable prizes will be •competed for. Further particulars from Sergt. L. Muttos, 101, The Park, Woodland, near Doncaster.

;, E

The ambulance teams of the Railway Companies are now all hard at practice in preparation for the annual c ontests, and from what we hear there is likely to be so me keen rivalry at the Inter-Railway contests this year W e are pleased to see that the majority of the Railways show increased figures for first aid examinations for 1922, a n d we hope that many beginners will show their skill in competition this year,

February, 1922. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

TilE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE . GAZETTE.

Official Brigade

JANUARY, 1922.

The Rt. Han. the Earl of Plymouth ( Sub-Prior ) a c ting on behalf of the Grand Pnor, has accepted· with regret the resignaof Col. .C R. Tyrrell, C.B.) C.B.E., A. M.S. (R\ Deputy Chief CommissIOner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and has sanctioned the appointment of Col. George A. Moore,' C. M.G., D. S.O., M.D., AM.S.(R), to fill the vacancy, with effect from 27· 1.22

R. Tyrrell transferred to the Brigade Reserve an d IS actmg for the Chief Commissioner during his absence ab road.

!he Chi e f Comm,issioner has sanctioned the followllJg ap pomtments, promotlOns, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. II (Wembley and Harlesden ) Division.-Divisional Su pt. F. C. W. Bamberger transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 4·I.2 2 Ambulance Officer Frank Claridge to be Divis ional Supt., 18.1. 22

No. 46 ( Ilford ) Division -Ambulan ce Officer M. Matthews resi gned, 3.1.22

Ilford DivIsion.-Divisional Supt. R. Magnus to be att ached to the Hastings Division, No. 8 District, 8. J.22

NO.1 5 (Ilford ) Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional S upt.

Mr s. Magnus resigned, 3.1.22

Lady Ambulance Officer Alice M. Waldron to be Lady Div isional Supt., 16. 1.22

No. 27 ( West Ham ) Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional

Sup t. Mrs. E. Scott transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 4.1.22

Ambulance Sister Rosetta Annie Nichols to be Lady DiviSIO nal Supt., 132.22

Lady Ambulance Officer E. Bartlett resigned, 26.1.22

No. 13 ( King s Cross) Division.-Ambulance Officer H. E.

Ha nkin transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 24. I 1.21

No of Kensington ) Nursing Division. -

La dy DIVIsIOnal Supt. MISS McConnell resigned, 8.1 1.2I

Lady Ambulance Officer Carolina Dunbar to be Lady

Di visional Supt., 25.1.22

NO.42N (Euston ) Nursing Diviaion.-Lady Ambulance

Offi cer Miss E:nery resigned, 2.2.22

No. 19 ( New Cross ) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister

Jes sie Ir ate B irchley to be Nursing Offi cer, 3 :2.22

NO.5 IN ( Blackheath ) Division.-Ambulance Sister Edith

Ru ssell-Hallett to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3.2.22 NO.2 DISTRICT.

Locksheath and S arisbury Division.-Divisional Supt. W.

Ric hards resigned, r8.I.22

Maidenhead Division.-Ambulance Officer Frederick J

Smith to be Divisional Supt., 27. 1.22

Bath Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. E.

Farwell transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 3.2.22

Southampton Corps (Cahnore Nursing Division ).-J ohn

Wesley Bennett, M.B., Ch B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5 2.2 2

Bristol Corps (" A " D ivision ). -Staff Sergeant Claud Theodore Hancock to be Ambulance Officer, 31.1.22

Buckingham Nursing Division.-Ambulance S ister MarJore Clare Bennett to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3 I.1. 22 NO.3 DI STRICT.

Leicester Corps.-Corps Supt. J Kin g transferred to the Bngade Reserve, 5.1.22

· Wycliffe Nurs ing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs Goodess resIgned, 31.12 21

Olney Nu(sing Division - Lady Ambulance Officer H. Whitmee resigned, 20.12.21

Wilnecote Division.-Ambulance Officer George Parker to be Divisional Supt., 17.1.22

Hinckley Nurs ng Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer G Ismay resigned, I5.1.22

Kettering Corps (Tywell Div ision ). -Eric St. Clair Gainer to be Divisional Surgeon, 25. I.22

Luton Division.-Sergt. Wtlliam Henry Weatherhead to be Ambulance Officer, 31. 1.22

NO. 4 DISTRICT

Assistant Commissioner A. Vernon Davies, O. B E ., M D ., transferred t6 the staff of No.8 District, 1.2.22

Preston Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Thomas Hanson Derham, M.B., C. M., to be Corps Surgeon, 5.1.22

DIVISional Supt. Rowland Hurst Hadfield, M .R.C.S., L.R C.P., to be Corp s Supt., 5.1.22

· Oldham Corps (Equitable Div ision ).-Divisional Surgeon William Oliver to be D ivisional Supt. , 5.1.22

Oldham Corps (Fails worth Dlv ision ).-Sergt. Percy Brereton to be Divis ional Supt., 16.1.22

Oldham Corps.-Lady Divisional Supt. Kather ine Florence WIlk inson to be Lady Corps Supt., 6.1.2 2

Blackpool Nursing Division.-Lad y D ivision a l Supt., Mrs Orme resigned, 18.1.22

· Tyldesley Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon T. Gray reSIgned , 13 I. 22

Chorley Division.-Ambulance S ister lYl ary Ellen Wilson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 8 2.22 NO.5 DISTRICT.

County of Derbyshire ( North Area ) - D ivision a l Surgeon and Supt. William Thomas Wood, L.R. C. P., L.R.C.S., to be County Surgeon, 22.12.21

Otley Nursing Divlsion.-Divisional Surgeon W. Bennett· resigned, 18.12.21

Lady Ambulance Officer E. Milligan resigned, 11.1. 22

B radford Corps ( Bradford lona Nurs ing Division )Lady Ambulance Mrs. Cooper resigned, 20.9.21

Ambulance Sister Gertrude Hobson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 4.I.22

Ambulance Sister Dori s Wilks to be Lady Ambulance Officer 5 1.22

Lady Ambulance Officer M. Nicholson resigned, 15.12.19

Bradford Corps.-John Wade to be Corps Supt., 24.1.22

Lady Divisional Supt. Mary Ann Jackson to be Lady Corps Officer, 4.1.22

Bradford City Nursing Division. -Lady Divis ional Supt. Mrs. M. Rees transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 3 I. I 2 2

Lady Am bulance Officer Mrs. Warnet resigned , 3 LI 2.2 I

Lincoln" B" D ivis ion.-Sergt. Robert Alston to be Ambulance Officer, 4.1.22

North Staffs. Railway Corps ( Newcastle D ivision ).-Staff Sergt. \Villiam Thomas Hughes to be Corps Officer, 6.1.22

Ambulance Officer Albert Leigh to be Divisional Supt., I 3.1.22

Brighouse Corp:;.-Divisional Supt. 1< red Gledhill to be Corps Officer, 14.I.22 -

F1RST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - February, 19 22

113

Lady Divisional Supt. Henri ette Edwards to be Lady Corps Supt., 14·1.22 . . . D k

Brighouse Corps (North Dlvlslon).-Corpl. James rocless to be Ambulance Officer, f4·1.22

. Brighol1se Corps. Division).-Ambulance Officer

Willie Fisher to be DIvISIOnal Supt., I4 1.22

Corpl. Arthur Reside to be Officer, .I4 .I.2?

Dewsbury and District Corps.-Sergt. Major F nencl

HelJa",ell to be Corps Sergt Major, 14·1.22

Roth erham Corps.-Staff Sergt. Arthur Darby to be Corps Sergt-Major,1.10.1 1.

Halifax and District Corps.-Lewls Chambers, M.P.S., to be Corps Officer, 26. 11.,2 1

Shipley and DIstnct Corps (Otley Nursmg DlvlsIon).-

Mabel Edgerley, L.R.C.P. & S., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon

Sister Jane Hannah Rhodes to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 4.1.22

Earby Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Grace

Holgate to be Lady Divisional Supt., 15. 12 21

Nottingham Corps (Central Division).-Arthur BrasIer to be Divisional Supt., 20.1.22

Frederick Carrier to be Ambulance Officer, 20.1.22

Nottingham Corps (etherfield Division).- Joseph

Henry Mitchell to be Transport Officer? '"

Nottingham Corps (I3ulwell Nursmg DlvlsLOn).- · haries

Coutts-Wood, M.D., Cb.B., to be Divisional Surgeon.' 231.22

Cresswell Division.-Ambulance Officer Fred Limb to be Divisional Supt., 28.1.22

Cresswell Nursing Division.-Ambulance SIster Helen Howard Langbridge to be Nursing Officer, 3I. 1.21

Warsop Corps (Warsop Main Division).-Phililp Michael Gettleson, M.D., to be Divisional Surgeon, 30.1.22

No.6 DISTRICT.

Stella Coal Company Corps Division ).-

Andrew Smith, M.D., B.S., M.B., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 29. 1 2. 21

Mid Durham Corps.-Divisional Supt. John Henry Plgg to be Corps Officer, 23. [,22

Sunderland Northern Division.-Divisional Supt. T.

French removed from the Roll of Brigade Officers, 26.1.22

Sacriston Division.- Lady Divisional Supt. A. L.

I\Iunro resigned, 23.1.22

Bridlington Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Edith Haggitt to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 28.I.22

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Shrewsbury Corps.- Divisional Surgeon Reginald Lionel Ernest Downer, M.D., l\I.R.C.S., to be Corps Surgeon, 21.12.21

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Chatham and District Division.-Ambulance Officer

William John Murray to be Divisional Supt., 1.1.22

Borough of Reigate Corps.-John Stephen Banbury [to be Corps Officer, 19 1.22

Borough of Reigate Corps (Reigate Division).-Sergeant

John Leslie Norman to be Ambulance Officer, 20.I.22

Isle of Sheppey Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister

Selina Maud Quint to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 16.12.21

Guildford Corps (Cranleigh Divlsion) -Donald Cameron, M.R.C.S ., L.R.c.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 25 .1 .22

Hastings Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

G. M. Fowell transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 19.12.21

Isle of Thanet Corps.-Staff Sergt. William Henry U nderdown to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 28. I .22

Isle of Thanet Corps (Ramsgate Town Division).Corporal Ernest Edward Waters to be Ambulance Officer, 28 .1.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps (Devonp ort Central Division).-Pte. Albert Edward Tyler to be Transport Officer, 26.12.21

Borough of Plymouth Corps (P lymouth Central Nursing

Division).-Olivia Nyna Walker, M.R.C.S., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon and Supt.., 1. 22

Saltash Landulph Dlvlslon.-Harold Jeffrey Clarke to be Ambulance Officer, 3r.!.22

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM R.-\ILWAY DISTRICT.

Hither Green Division.-Pte. George Carpenter to be Anlbulance Officer, 2.1.22

North Kent Division. -Corp!. Willi, m Miller to be Ambulance Officer, 26. J.22

Pte. John Brett to be Ambulance Officer, 27·1.22

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : NO.2 DISTRICT.

"Imperial Division ;' re-named "Bedminster Division. "-

"1?

-'-'-Avoomuuth Division.-Disbanded, 2.2.22

Locl.;:shead and Sarisbury Divi·sion.-Disbanded, 2.2.22

Dunkerton Collieries Division.-Disbanded, 5. 2 22

'Woolston Division.-Disbanded, 2.2.22

Testwood Division.-Disbanded, 2.2.22

NewpOlt Division. -Disbanded, 2.2.22

St. John ( Ryde) Division.-Disbanded, 2.2.22

Shanklin Division.-Disbanded, 2.2.22

NO.3 DI STRICT.

Smethwick Nursing- D ivision.-Sanct ioned, 12.1.22

Wycliffe Nursing Divis ion -Disbanded, 31.12.21

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Droadsworth l\Iain Corps.-Sanctioned, 7. 2 22

Shipley \Vest Division. Disbanded, 7.2.22 No. 6 DISTRICT.

"G,G. Ry. Pier Division " re-named "Pier Division. -'261. :n

Sunderland Northern Division.-Disbanded. 31.12.21

Sacriston Nursing Division.-Disbanded, I.2. :n

No. S DI STRICT.

Chichester Divis ion.-Disbanded, 7·2.22

No. l). DiSTRlCT.

Plymouth Central Nursing Division. -Sanctioned, 19·1.22

JAMES R. ANDR1<,W CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

DURING January 13th V.A.D. Nursing Membns we n : posted to Ministry ot P e nsions'

Tbe attention of all our readers IS drawn to the fo llo\ving communication received from the Central Commiltte of the Women's Training and Employment:-

CLOSING DATE OF ApPLICATION.

WomEn who are eligible for assistance from the funds at the disposal of th e Central. Committee. and who are intending to apply to the Committe,,:: for assIstan.ce toward s tr a inin g are advised to do so soon as P OSSI ble g as all applications for assistance be in to the Secretary of th e appropriate Local lnterviewlng Board betor e March 1St, 1922

The application forms can b e obtain ed (rom th e S=cr e tary, Y.A.D. Department, 19, IN. 1, by those wishing to avail of schemp.

We are inform ed by the Jomt NurSlOg and V.A.D. C0mmi ttee of the United Services Fu,nd that the Committee

Feb ruary, 19 22 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- II9 has purchased a house at Weybridge for use as a Convalescen t Home. It is hoped that this house will be ready to re ceive guests by about Easter. It has accommodation for some 3 0 convalescents is charmingly situated, and has a large shady garden containing tennis and croquet lawns. Futhe r information with regard to this Home will be given in our next issue.

We regret to announce the death of Miss Mary Mulh olland Q uinn, London /302, who served as a General Servi ce member in France from 24 6.19 to 11.11. 19. After her discharge Miss Quinn went to A ustra lia and soon after her arrival was admitted into hospital in Sydney, where she died.

-: ': - .' ', . Death of Col. Sir H. C. Perrott, Bt., C.H., C.B.

OUR readers will learn with sincere regret the death of Sir Herbert Perrott, which took place on the 15th inst.

Sir Herbert Perrott was born in 1849, and was educated at Ipswich Grammar School. He passed his exa minations for the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in 1866, and for a direct commission in the following year.

He was appointed an Ensign in the 21St Kent Rifle Volunteers in May, 1870, but resign e d in the following Decem ber, on his appointment as Lieutenant in the East K ent Militia. He became Captain in 1876, Major in 18 8 6, and Lieut.-Colonel Commanding (with honorary rank of Colonel) in 1893.

He served the whole of thE embodiment of his R egiment in 138S. without having more than" Commandin g Officers' leave. " He also served for various periods with the 94th Foot (Rifle Brigade); 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers; 4th King's Own Royals; 93rd Highlanders ; and 1st B3.ttalion the Buffs.

The late Sir Herbert Perrott succeeded as Sth Baronet in t886. His father, the late Sir Edward G. Lam bert Pe rrott, had for thirty-four years taken an active part in the management and development of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, being for over thirty years Chairman of its Preparatory Committees during the most critical period of the Institution's existence.

In 187 S Sir Herbert was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England; in 18 77 he became Chief Secretary of the St. John Amb ulance Association on its institution, and he held that office until 1915. Consequently the whole of the organi sation and develo pment of that movement in its early days passed through his hands, and has frequently been due to his initiative, while the value of his services was t:onstantly referred to by th e Directors and Chair man of the Department. In 19 IO King Geoge as "Sovere ign Head and Patron )) sanctioned the appointment of Sir Herbert Perrott as Se cr etary-General of the Order , on th t r e commendation of H.R.H. the Duke of Conna ught, who succeeded His Majesty as " Grand Prior."

When Sir Herbert Perrott accepted office in 1S75 the Order of St. John was in a very different position to what it is now. It was simply a small private philanthropic organisation; th e St. John Am bulance Association and its offshoots did not exist; the Order rented one small room in St John s Gate, then the property of a former Secretary, the late Sir Edmund A. H. Lechmere, Bt., M.P -now the

whole Gateway and much of the adjoining property is the Order ' s own freehold-and its income and vested capital were insignificant.

In "A History of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem," which has been beautifully produced and profusely illustrated, mention is made of the good services done by the late Sir Herbert Perrott, in the following terms :-" In concluding this surve y of the ancient Hospitaller work under new skies and with altered traditions, it would be wrong to omit the tribut e which ought to be paid to the executive staff at St. John s G at e of every grade and degree. Foremost, how e verl sta nds the name of the Chief Secretary, Sir Herbert Perrott, Bt., whose hereditary connection with the revive d ord er of St. John has throughout his long period of office induc ed him to promote its interests with abl e and unfhggi og d e votion. Whatever sch e me for the widening of its area of usefulness has been evolved, it has invari a bly found in him a strenuous supporter and an ever vigilant guardian of the lllterests of the Order."

On his relinquishing the Secretaryship of the Order and Chief Secretaryship of its Ambulance Department in 19 I 5 he was appointed Bailiff of Egle of the Order in which office he remain e d until his d eath The late Sir Herbert was a member of th e Joint War Committee during and after the war, on which he rendered valuable service.

By the death of Sir Herbert th e Order and Ambulance Department loses another of its pioneers who forged the links that has made the movement what it is to-day.

A memorial serviC e was held at th e Grand Priory Church on Saturday, 18th.

----._.---

A very learned professor of biology at a gr e at university was notorious for his absentmindedness. One day he entered his lecture room and said to the large class .of students: "Now pay particular attention to I have say. I have in this parcel a ve ry fin e speCim e n of a dlSsec ted frog-most interesting." Sl.owly he opened wrappers and disclosed a few sandWiches and some frUIt. The professor seemed transfixed and said: "But, good gracious! Surely I ate my lunch."

The death of Sir Herbert Perrott removes another of the pioneers of the ambulance movement in this country His early associates were Sir Edward Lechmere, Colonel Duncan, Sir John Furley, .Earl of Llmerick and Viscount Knutsford, who pre-deceased him.

A reader of this J oumal suggests that there should be some distinction to show when a man qualifies in first aid. He points out that a man with a ten-year old certificate applying for a situation where a knowledge of aid is essential has equally the same chance as a man who has qualified quite recently. The obvious answer is that the proposed employer should ask to see the first aid certificate.

Colonel Sir James Cantlie has accepted the invitation of the Ambulance Committee of the Royal National

AI D.- February, 1922.

Eisteddfod of Wales to act as referee for the ambulance competition at Ammanford in August next.

***

A correspondent has called attention to the fact that very f6w naval men are appointed to the higher ranks of the Brigade. He points out that this is to be deprecated, because on the seaboard many men who would be interested in the R.N.A.S.B.R. would prefer to follow a naval man than one who has had a military career.

***

The Wounded Soldiers' Drives and Recreation Fund, working under the Joint Council of the Order of St. Joh n and the Britisll Red Cross Sociey, has just publishe d figures for the first complete year of working. This Fund provides amusement for ex-service men in the hospitals in and around London; and it is show n that between January and December, 19 21 drive s, river trips, concerts, theatrical and other parties wer e arranged, at which 22,448 men were entertained. In addition, there were conc erts at the Orpington Hospital during November last which were attended by 2,53 0 patients. Through the co-operltion of the Eccentri c Club, the Not-Forgotten Association, and several amat eur dramatic SOCietIes, including the Oscar Asche, th e Players, and the Katagum, further entertainments were arranged, bringing the total numbers of men entertaine d to 35,000.

* **

The gift which 50,000 V.A.D. members in all PlIts of the Empire are presenting to Princess Mary was on show to V.A.D. members on February loth. It takes the form of a beautiful tiara in which a large central emerald is surrounded by diamonds, the whole surmounted by a second emerald of beautiful colour. Th e ornament is arranged so that when the two small sid e sections are detached it can be reversed and worn as a brooch. All parts of the Empire contributed to th e present, but no individual member subscribed mor e than one shilling.

* * 0\10

We are pleased to see that the idea of Distric t and Area conferences in the Brigade are becomin g more popular, for we have always advocated the interchange of ideas amongst the members, and generally associated with thesz::! conferences are some socia l functions, which bring members closer in contact with one another, ***

'rVe hope to hear the N.C.O Club of the No District will shortly be established. The promoters of this have had a great deal of work in arranging the preliminary meeting and creating an interest, and they are to be congratulated on their initial efforts. The club has the sanction of the Commissioner, and should prove a success.

Common Errors in First=Aid. *

By N. CORBET FLETCHER M.B., B.A., B.C., Can tab" M.R.C.S., Eng.

(Continued from page Io6.)

WITH Bleedir::g from Tooth Socket and other forms of hremorrhage cold applications are used, because cold ( below 85 degs. F.) stimulates the muscular tissue of bloodvessels, causes them to contract and so controls bleeding whereas warmth (ab<:>nt g8degs. F., that is body temperature) vessels dilate and promotes bleeding. Very hot applIcatIOns (above 101 degs. F.) act like cold.

With from Stomach some students are to gIve SipS of water. To the First Aider this is a because the stomach may be punctured ()r the be d?e to ulceration of stomach wall; and notlung IS to be gIven by mou.th" lest increased activity of the muscles result With consequent aggravation of the conditIOn already present, even though perforation o f be not precipitated. Another common er ror IS the belIef of some students that vomited blood in proves .the presence of ulceration of stomach. This IS not tr.ue, sInce the blood may have been swallowed and al tered In character through the action of the acid juices o f the stomach which usually make the blood dark like co ffee grounds. By the way, I remem ber a case in which a First-Aider mistook a mixture of stale beer and chocolate fo r blood and treated for Bleeding from Stomach. This h? wevt:, was a wise precaution rather than an error, as FI rst AId the when in doubt, play trumps and tr eat for more senous mJury or condition."

With Bleeding from Ear-channel students sometimes fa vour a pi.ece of cotton wool plaCed "loosely" in ear. With blood, this" loose cotton wool " may become a tlght.plug and the escaping blood whereby inpressure might be set up inside the skull with disastrous results to patient, especially if removal to doctor be unduly delayed. make no attempt to plug and place Ilotht'.zg WIthIn the ear-channel, especially m .vlew of was wntten under U Foreign Body in Ear." With Bleedmg from Ear the escaping blood is suggestive of and" generally" due to fractured base of skull' but it is not conclusi.ve proof of this injury, particular1; in the ab sence of a history of head injury.

CHAPTER VI.-ASPHYXIA.

" T?e importance of Asphyxia as a cause of InsensiIS. such that it is, in my opinion, an error not to It from the other causes, more especially SIOce efficlent treatment by First Aiders offers (and has agaIn and again obtained) such wonderful results in preserving life.

!he term "Asphyxia" signifies "absence of pulse," and IS used for all conditions in where is "absence of and consequently a continuous want of fresh air. These are the most important of our four Standard Gui?es, since, present, they prove conclusively presence of lIfe, by which we mean •. animate o::istence." Their absence, however, does not mean presence of death, since cases of Asphyxia due to Electric Shock have been restored

* Messrs. Bale, Son and Danielsson, Ltd., hope to issue these articles, when complete, in book lonn.

Ai D. 121

to life after 3! hours' complete absence of breathing and total loss of consciousness.

.Wben causes of Asphyxia, stud ents often err I? qu.otmg examples, such as drowning or chokmg, znstead if settIng out the six main groups-i e Fressure on mouth, throat and chest, Obstruction of mou'th' throat. and lungs, I,nhalatio7Z of smoke, gases and fum es: Swellzng of thr?at tIssues, Optum a<1d narcotic poisons, and Affectzrms, e.g., collapse, electric shock and lightmng. the way, the Nervous Affections are indirect ot Asphyxia (which they bring about either by p of blood or by effects on the brain cells ) and S? dIffer ffOm the other groups of causes which are direct smce interfere with the act of breathing: With (and some cases of poisoning ) a noteerror .IS fallure. to that the forcible openof a patient's mouth is not 110 easy as It sounds, to the splsmodic contraction of the jaw It IS best effected by slipping between the s teeth the flat handle of a tablespoon and then by tWlstIn.g the sp)on round so as to lever apart upper and lower Jaws .and. keep the mouth open. Another very common error IS faI.lure wrap the examining finger in lint, a?? so protect .It agamst effects of accidental and pttrposefnl by source of possible danger toward hImself, .for which an :fficient First Aider always makes Fu.rther, If t.he. patient (especially a child) to reSIst, then !t IS sound treatment to pinch hiS nostrIls gently but paInlessly and so to obstruct his breathing that his struggles compel him, from want of air to relax the forced compression of his jaws. When happens, it is possible to explore mouth and threat. There is a tendency (which almost amounts to an c.rror) among students to-?ay to on the supine positIOn for all cases of Swelhng of Tissues of Throat. This is based on of Textbook-" lay patient -wQlch are stnctly correct, because the conditIOn IS discussed " Insensibility" and patient is supto be unconSCIOUS. As a fact, if the obstruction is partial and the patient is fully conscious, then he will probably be. comfo rtable and breathe more easily if sdtmg before fire, as was laid down in previous editIOns of Textbook; and further, the First Aider will be ab.le to his remedies more effectually if patient is in thiS posltlon. Hot fomentations will draw more blood to the surface of tbe neck and so relieve the congestion of throat on which cold drinks and oil act locally WIth soothing effect.

to petrol as R "heavier-than-air" gas with the pertment warning that the rescuing First Aider must "move in upright position" is incomplete, unless we add that it is also highly inflammable, and for this reason a source of further danger to all concerned.

Producer gas is so called because it results from the incomplete combmtion of carbonace ous fuel, anthracite, coke, slack, etc., in some special form of generator or " producer;" and, on account of its cheapness, it is largely used for many purposes, such as driving gas engines, heating furnaces, etc. Producer gas contains 30 per cent. of Carbon Monoxide. This poison is also present in lesser percentage in coal gas (obtained by destructive distillation of coal), and gives rise to symptoms of poisoning through changes in the blood pigment (hremoglobin), which normally carries oxygen to ' the tissues of the body. The gas is without smell but extinguif;hes a lighted candle.

For Producer Gas Poisoning students often fail : to realise that the usual types of respirators are useless as a protection against Carbon Monoxide and that a folded hand·

kerchief 10 particular affords absolutely no protection to a would-be rescuer. Further,.in treatment of all Gas POisoning cases, and especially those due to. Carbon Monoxide warmth £s most essential, relapse beIDg often precipita'ted by exposure to cold, or neglect of special efforts towards preserving the body heat, such as hot bottles, &c. Rest also £s of prime importance ) It has been laid down that patients who become unconsclOUS from Carbon Monoxide poisoning should b e kapt recumbent for at least two hours if possi ble. In the restoration of breathing, artificial respiration combined with .excess of free oxygen (v.- hich drives out the .M?no:Gde from the bl?o.d much more quickly than air) IS IDdlcated. It IS administered through an apparatus attached to a cylInder which, if not kept in readiness, is usually obtainable from an up to-date chemist; and its administration must b e continued after breathing has been re-established and unti l breathing becomes sufficiently defp to enable the blood to replace the deadly poison, Carbon Monoxide, with life-giving O xygen

Under these circumstances, Carbon Monoxide Poisonin.! differs from Opium Poisoning in that with the former interferes with the removal of the poison, whereas with the latter it facilitates it. Therefore, the instruction to II keep patient awake " requires modification of method in cases of Producer Gas Poisoning.

Among the more serious ., Common Errors in FirstAid " I include failure to perform artificial respiration in an accurate and effectual faShion. All students know something about it; but the few, very few, do it properly. My experience is that most students are content to watch their lecturer demonstrate the movements, and that insufficent time is given to practising this most valuable method of treatment, which, when successfully carried out, constitutes the triumphant justification of First-Aid.

For these reasons the provides me with a favourite test in ex amination; and I wonder how often has it happened that a candidate, having performed one, two or perhaps thre e ineffectual movements, has artlessly asked me if patient is breathing!! Such action proves that the candidate does not know what he is doing; and that, having watched the demonstrator or read the instructions at his leisure in th e study, h e fondly imagines the work to be light, simple and easy. When, however, he undertakes the task of artificial respiration at the riverside on an unconscious patient who appears to be dead, then he will find it so heavy and strenuous that, before five minutes have passed, perspiration will stream from every pore in his body, especially with Method. Indeed, the work in these few minutes involves more physical and mental exhaustion than most of us undergo in a day ' " aye a week s work! Artificial respiration is the imitation of natural breathing. Therefore, we must work, work, work and (especially with Schafer's Method ) pump, pump, pump air out of the body, leaving the elastic recoil of ribs and diaphragm to draw air in.

The ou tsta n ding advantag es of Scha'fer ' s Method are that (I ) artificial respiration is started w£tlzout a second's delay and Without loosening any clothes-the omission in the Textbook of instructions for this step being Intentional, though unfortunately most indefinite and misleading; (2) the method is cotnparativ ely easy, very effectual and approaches most nearly to natural breathing, since the first and main movement is an imitation of ex piration ! while the second is inspiration which results from elastic recoil of ribs and diapnragm when pressure is relaxed; and (3) the position of patient favours ex pUlsion of bodies from mouth or their dislodgment from top of larynx

and anticipates the falling back of tongue, regurgitation of vomit, &c.

The outstanding errors associated with the perfor mance of Schafer 's Method are (I) kneeling too far backwards or forwards and (in spite of the alternative sugg esti on of Textbook) kneeling at side of patient-whereby, th e body-swing being partially lost, the physical energy necessary to the movements is doubled and the efficiency of th e movements halved; (2) bending the elbows during movements, often to such an extent that the operator seems , as it were, anx;ous to kiss his patient-whereby the operator 's body-weight is not transmitted correctly and much press ur e is wasted; and (3) performing the movements too rapidl y, 24 to the minute being a common rate-whereby th e desired entry of air in large quantities is hindered rath er than facilitated. On the other hand, the secret oj success with Schafff is the body-swing, which can only be obtained (I ) if cperator kneels at level of pelvis (or-if I may refer back to my tailoring suggestion for Fractured Pelvisblocks the patient s trouser pockets with his knees); (2 ) if operator keeps his elbows perfectly straight and stiff throughout the movements; and (3) if operator work s strictly to time, checking, in practice at any rate, his sens e of time by a watch placed on patient's back.

The Common Errors-apart from misspelling of it s originator s name-associated with performance of Silve ster s Method are (I) neglect to explore mouth and open u p clothing; (2 ) omission of pad beneath shoulder-blades, an d

(3) incomplete Ex€)cution of movements. Incidentally, I would point out to the senior men that the method detail ed to-da y differs from the original in that (I) the patient 's arms are now grasped below (and not above) elbows; (2) a c£rclt'ng movement (outwards ) upwards and towards operato r -0. U.T.) replaces the old stretching of patient s arms; an d

(3) the elbows must be made to touch the ground. Furth er, the secret of success with Silvester is this circling movem ent ending in full traction and expansion of ribS (inspiration ) and followed by firm compression of chest wall (expiration ).

Tl:le tie-clip (like the old elastic band) as a First-Aid substitute for fixation of tongue with needle and thread is a pretty piece of work in It wiD, however, invol ve much waste of valuable time in practice; and (since th e tongue is sure to slip) its object is best effected by de p utin g the task of holding the tongue to an assistant.

By the way, alternation of metllOds (Schafer followe d by Silvester), which is now recommended in place of th e previous combination of methods, has the distinct disadvantage that valuable time must be spent in loos e nin g clothes, arranging pad, &c., before the change-over i s effected, and £s only adopted "when signs of congestio n appear in pati e nt's face," a change which Professor Schafer has himself declared to be evidence of returning circulatio n and an indication to persevere with his m e thod.

The f' x clusion of Howard's Method and, with it of a ll possibility of combination of methods (e.g. Silvester combin e d with Howard), is a profound mistake which I hop e will be remedied by lecturers still continuing to teach an d demonstrat e it, although I agree that it is better for a FirstAider to know and perform accurately one method of artificial respiration than to possess an incomplete knowledg e of half-a-dozen methods. The secret of su ccess wit h Howard is for operator to compress the patient's abdome n as though he intended to force all the internal organ s through the thorax and out of the mouth. Further wit h Howard and indeed witlz all methods each completed mov ement should occupy about five seconds; and, if, whe n practising these methods, First-Aiders work with a sto p-

February ,l'72 2 -lfIRST

wat ch in of them they will be surprised to find how long a of five seconds really is !

Agam, as the causes vf Asphyxia may be direct and Laborde's Method differs from Schafer and m it is an indirect method of performing artificial . the tongue traction resulting in a ImpulSe i?emg transmitte d (like a telegram) to the Bram which are thereby stimulated and may cause breathmg to re-start. Few students realise that the Text?ook. does not recommend j and that it suggests ItS tnal o.nly z:;he11, Schafer and Silvester are impossible. 10 treatment of Asphyxia many students fail to a? preclate that. there I) Preliminary care ( ensure breathmg possible ), (2 ) Persistent movements (" rest?re br.eathing "), and (3 ) Proper after-care (" lest fall"); and that they jeopardise their success WI th the stage when they neglect the first and third stages, WIth each of which six points call for attention.

(To be continued.)

First Aid in Gas Poisoning.

By H. W. SPAIGHT, L .R.C.P , &c Major, R.A.M.C., Late Officer-CommandIng R.A.M.C. Anti-Gas School.

(Continued [rouz page g8.)

C0AL GAS.

Coal gas claims a number of victims year-many cases are due to accident, but, a large number are suicides or, attempted suicides.

Coal gas is made up of a number of different gases the most deadly being Carbon Mono x ide. Its deadliness in creased by the presence of Ethylene, an ancesthetic gas wh ich produces a sleepy condition and renders easy the deadly work of Carbon Monoxide.

The first prominent symptoms of poisoning are throbblD g of head, a feeling of heaviness in the lim bs, and a de Sire to he down .The patient at this stage has a face, w.lth blUIsh lIps! gradually dilating pupils, a dull mmd, and IS short of breath on any exertion. If no t rescued the drowsiness passes into stupor and ends in a fatal coma. The treatment consists of immediate artificial respiration, by Schafer ' s Method, in the fresh air, in all cases of or failing respiration. Breathing may be .re-establIshed even after two hours, and artificial respirat lOn m.ust be persevered with until a medical man proIt useless. After breathing has been restored, rest 10 fr e sh air, with all tight clothing undone, and warmthare the main considerations.

available a mustard plaster may be applied for a fe w mInutes over the heart..

When able to swallow hot coffee or tea should be given.

All cases must be sent to hospital and kept un der careful observation for signs of failing respirationrequiring artificial respiration-until admitted. Mild cases sh ould be instructed to take deep breaths of fresh air and ex hale through a quill, or, cigar tube, in order to thoroughly em pty the lungs. It IS advisable to keep even mild cases un der observation for at least an hour and transport home sh ould always be arranged.

The patient must not be allowed to walk.

SEWER GAS.

Many gases are evolved owing to decomposing matter 10 a.od the .most d.angerous is S u lph u r ett ed Hydroo en. ThiS IS. heaVier than air, and may lie in 10. cess pits or wherever putrpfacof. matter IS occurring. In strong concentratIon It IS. a very deadly It is coiourJ e 5s, with a somewhat Sickly, sweet taste and an extre mely offensive odour.

A weak d?se of the gas will cause alarming attacks of and faintness In stronger doses there IS great IrntatlOn of the nose, throat and lungs, severe cough an? shortness of breath. A not unusual early IS sudden sharp pain in the stomach and shivermg. In strong concentration the action is very rapid a few breaths, there is a violent attack of coughIng and breathlessness, the patient stagaers blindly loses control of the muscles, falls down violently convulsed ' and becomes unconscious. '

In mild. cases, symptoms of poisoning may not occu r until after exposure to the Fzrst treatment consists of immediate removal to aIr, and artificial respiration by Schaffer's method ImmedIately air is reached, in all unconscious cases breath 109 has been restored rest in the open air. tIght clothmg undone, and warm COverings must be InSisted The inhalation of ammonia, either sal vola1ile smellmg salts, gives relief to th e nose and throat irritatIon-care must be taken not to give the vapour too strongly.

The mouth is and foul, and may be washed out frequently WIth tepid water. Thirst is often great, but large drinks must not be given, but si p 3 of warm water or tea will relieve this condition safely.

S l\IOKE.

Sm.oke in is its effect is mechamcal-settmg up an mtense Irritation of the throat breathing and .In breathing an atrnos p her ; full of smoke an ImmedIate feehng of suffocation-as If the throat was gripped tightly-comes on, accompanied by The cough. rapidly becomes paroxsysmal, and IS frequently. accompaDled by retching or vomiting. The eyes are pamful and bloodshot, and there is a sev ere darting pam across the forehead. Ther e is great dryness of the mouth a od throat and the voice becomes husky and whispering. The patient should be removed to fresh air and placed in a position of easy breathing, with the clothing about the neck and chest freely undone Extra a?d hot bottles should be ap p lied. Smelling salts Will relIeve severe headache and it is advisable to keep the patient at rest for IS to 30 minute s. The eyes should be freely and bathed with cold water Sips of warm water tea or coffee will relieve the dryness of mouth and consequent thirst. Th -; re are no ill after effects once the symptoms detailed have pass e d away, usually in 10 to 20 minutes after rtaching fresh air.

------.--.----

On February 5th a Cinema performance was given by D istrict Officer C. Hammer, S.J.A.B. in the Premier Pic _ ture House Widnes, in aid of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Missionary Scheme Scheme. The chair was taken by his worship the Mayor of Widnes (Councillor P. Caldwell, J.P.} and supported by members of the Town Council.

-HIKST

The New Deputy Chief Commissioner of the S.J.A.B.

IT -wi ll be noted in our Official Brigade column this month that Col. Tyrrell has relinquished his office as Deputy Chief Commissioner after many years of distinguished service. Fortunately he is succeed by another able brilliant organiser, ,Col. G, A. Moore, who has been closely in touch with the work of the S.J.A,B, since the South African War.

Col. George A, Moore is fourth son of the late Willi'lm Moore, of Moore Lodge, Co. Antrim, Physician in Ordinary in Ireland to Queen Victoria and King Edward Elliott and

VII. Educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated in 189[ as M.B" B.Ch., B.A.C. He took his M.D. degree in 1898.

He entert.d the Army Medical Service is 1892, and soon procteded to India, where he served in the Tirah campaign of 1897-98 (medal with 2 clasps), In 1899 he left England with the Royal Warwickshire Regiment as Regimental Surgeon and served throught the campaign in South Africa (Queen's Medal with 4 clasps), King's Medal with 2 clasps), At the outset of the Great European War be was ordered to form as quickly as possible the Ambulance Train Service in France. This entailed an enormous amount of organisation, working under the greatest difficulties, and which is described in this issue. He later commanded No. General Hospital, and also NO.2 British

AID.

- February, 1922, Red Cross liospital, Rouen, which was staffed by members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

In 19I7 Colonel Moore was appointed Administrative Medical Officer to the 56th V:mdon Territorial Division and served with it in the Field at Arras, Cambrai, Ypres, etc. Later he became Deputy Director of Medical Services of the 15th Army Corps, remaining with it till the cessation of hostilities. For his services he was promoted Colonel, mentioned in Despatches three times, created a Companion of St. Michael and St. George, and awarded the Distinguished Order ((914 Medal and Bar. British War Medal, Victory Medal, and Medal of King Albe rt, Belgium).

For many years of his Army Service Colonel Moore was specialist in diseases of the throat, nose and ear.

During his long service Colonel Moore worked muc h in touch with the Order, commanding No. 22 Bearer Co mpany in the in the South African War,. and later organiser and mstructor of classes at WOOlWICh, Ch atham, etc.

Colonel Moore has three sons, the eldest of whom is a Lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, and one daughter.

Colonel Moore is a keen worker, who throws h is heart and soul into whatever he is engaged, has a kindly disposition, and we feel sure he will be equally popular with both officers and men of the S.J.A.B.

Hints on Ambulance Transport Work.*

WHENEVER possible to obtain without undue delay a sto ut blanket or rug, or piece of canvas, it will be an advantage in placing the patient on the stretcher, removing him, or carrying him through passages, etc., where a stretcher cannot be taken.

If such is available, it should be placed evenly und er the patient, as in sheet changing.

The bearers are then placed two on each side and instructed to roll up the edges of the blanket firmly towar ds the patient.

They are then directed to grasp it with their han ds well apart, and on the word to lift being gi9'en, to lift all together and advance with side-steps over the stretcher, and then lower.

Similarly, on reaching their destination, the patient is removed from the stretcher in the same manner and carri ed over the foot of the bed, two bearers side-stepping on each side of the bed.

(b) General.

Take care the stretcher is always carried level. Avoid jolting and unnecessary swaying.

Before taking a stretcher into a house with narro w passages, see that such passages are wide enough to enable bearers to turn into the room with the stretcher. If they are not. use the blanket method.

In carrying patient upstairs, carry head first. Use an extra helper at the lower end to keep the stretcher nearl y level.

February, 19 22 • --FIRST

strong chair. backwards is an alternative to hand-seats for :ases 10 whIch the patient need not lie flat by three or four bearers the patient is easIly carned thus for long distances.

taki!1g a stretcher into a house, clear the way of furmture, etc., w obstruct bearers, and of loose rugs or mats WhICh mIght trip them.

Draw the bed away from the wall if necessary, so as to e.nable the spare bearer to get around to assist.

Turn down the bed clothes before putting the patient on the bed.

Place an sheet, or sheets of paper, on top of the b?ttom sheet 10 the patient's boots or clothes are dIrty. !hese can oe removed after his clothes are tak li'. n off, leavmg bottom sheet unsoiled.

When the patient is to be to his house, alway s send some one on ahead to break the news (if nece ssary) and to get the bed prepared, and in every case to get hot wat':!r bottles ready to treat shock.

Keep .calm. By so doing you will inspire confidence 10 your aSSIstants aDd above all in your patient.

Be firm. Do not let relatives upset your patient. See th at are first understood clearly, and then obeyed ImplICItly.

Ask a bystander with to clear away all u nnecessary onlookers.. The fewer you have about, th e for your pati e nt and the better for yourself and your aSSIstants.

a general rule carry patient feet foremost. The ex ceptIOns are: going up-hill with patient whose lower limbs ar e not lOJ ured.

When going down-hill with patient whose lower limbs are injured.

Read carefully Chapters 8, 9 and 10. of the First !\"id T ext Book. They contain valuable hints in Transport Work.

Mak.e as proficient in Work as you ar e.lO FIrst AId, and there is no Fossible phase of any aCCIdent that will daunt you. Finally.

Next to the excitement attendant upon an actual aC CIdent, that of competitions come first.

A r:nember :afo1 keep cool, and think calmly and conCIse and explICIt 10 a Competition is more likely to be in time of need than o.n; whf) has not been tramed suffiCIently to be so.

. Competitions in Transport Work combined with First .should be part of Divisional training, because all must be directed to. on.e end, the providing of mem bers ready to deal WIth any accident or illness 10 a manner, calmly, concisely, firmly, and efficiThat IS the only reason why the Brigade exists and Its existence is justified by that reason alone.

A I D.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases wz'th p . ,/'. - S ecza rei erena to ,food and baa !Joints in Treatment-jar inclusion in this Column.

HO'lrE DANGER S O F GAS.

Cas,es of the result of escaping coal as used for heatmg or illumInatll1g the home, have been more frequent than and my attention was drawn to the of domestIC gas by a recent and fatal occurrence in w IC one m,ember only of a family of five escaped At the mquest it t,ranspired that the gas leaked into the house through a fissure In a pendant hall lamp and that the were due to ,Poisoning by Carbon a deadly P?ISOn and a constItuent of water gas which is often mixed WIth cO,al gas. It also proven that six days elapsed before the patIents were and that the boy, who was resusCItated, woke on two occaSIons and tried in vain to rouse his p'uents.

The "practical point " of this unfortunate occurrence is as long as gas companies are allowed to add carbon monOXIde to, the coal. gas they sell, householders must make sure that theIr g:as ar.e perfect and also pay more attention to, the ventIlatlo,n of their rooms, especially their bedrooms, the of which sh?uld he WIdely open at night. If they t they may ?e aCCIdentally poisoned by Carben Monoxide WhICh has no smell and is both an insidious and deadly pOlson. The boy s recovery in this instance was attrIbuted to the fact that he slept in a draught near a door whereby he escaped the full effects of the leaking gas.-B.C.H.' Hampstead.

A CURIOUS ACCTDENT.

I has been that a man should put nothing smaller hIS own elb,ow his ear! Recently, however, a man one eVe?Illg III a London restaurant, picked up a tooth, pIck, removed ItS wrapper, and proceeded to pick out some from his ear. ,W hile he was thus engaged a passmg walter agamgst the man s elbow with the result that t<:,othpI.ck perforated the drum of the ear. Fortunately no septIC mfectIOn took place, under expert treatment, the ear-drum healed completely In due course. Finally, it is noteworthy that the patient was an ear-and-throat surgeon ! -L. W., Beaconsfield.

ANO THER CURIOU S. ACCIDENT.

A young lady, cycling along the sea frent in a gale, was caught unexpect;dly by a strong gust of wind which first ?rought her cycle to a standstill, then swerved and threw It on of an oncommg motor lorry which weighed 4 tons. The bIcycle was smashed to atoms ; but the lady fortunately struck mudguard of the lorry and was saved from sudden a?d certaIn death. escaped with a severe bruising and a SImple of the rIght driyer of the lorry after the br?ken ,lImb With ImprovIsed splints and s,Ultable FIrst Aid" completed his task by placin g patIent m hIS van and removmg her to her destination in a neighbouring vilIage.-M. R., Cannon-street.

In aid of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Peterborough Nursing Division, a concert was held in the hall of St. Peter's College, Perter borough, on January 24th. The concert was held with the object of calling attention to. the Nursing Division in Peterborough, and to bring before, the notice of the girls of Peterborough a knwowledge of what the Division is willing and ready to do.

Supt. and Mrs. Brice were recently the recipients of a presentation on behalf of the Bristol Corps on the former completion of 30. years service with the Brigade. Supt. Cotton made the presentation and said he had the greatest pleasure in asking them to accept a pair of Chesterfield chairs which he trusted they would live long to enjoy.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention II Aid " 9'

Fry. COL. G. A. MOORE.

• Compiled by Captain W. W. McKinney, Assistanl Commissioner, and Miss H. B. Munro, Lady District OffIcer of the Ca.nterbury District S,J. A.. B, Overseas,

The Birth and Early Days of Our Ambulance Trains in France, August, 1914 to April, 1915.

By COL. G. A. MOORE, C.M,G , D.S,O " M , B.

THE possibility of the sudden outbreak of a great European War in which England would be engaged, had for many years been a living one in military minds. All the parts our great war machine had been devised and fitted for thIS contingency and the closest attention had been paid to the details of the various organisations. Amongst these the Medical Service was not found behindhand. Accordingl y, on August 4th, 1914, six detachments, each of two officers and forty-five non-commissioned officers and men, Royal Army Medical Corps, and each designed for handling an ambulance train of 500-600 patients, found themselves camped on a hillside at Aldershot. The ne x t eight days saw the perfecting of plans, the collection of the necessary stores and the finishing touches to the training of officers and men. Early on August I3th, the d e tachments entrained for a'destination then unknown, and in the evening found on the quay at Southampton. Next morning they were marching over the cobbled pavements of Boulogne. Two days later Amiens was reached, a large and prosperous Cath edral city si x ty miles to the south-east of Boulogne.

On August 17th, Colonel B-- gave instructions as to the role our units would be called upon to play. He explained that owing to the great stress of transportation of troops, munitions, supplies, etc " to France then going on, it would be impossibl e to have English ambulance trains brought over, nor indeed were they ready; that therefore our ambulance trains would be made up of carriages, vans, covered trucks and such rolling stock as the French railway system could most quickly furnish us with ; that in these we would place the various forms of apparatus both for fixing cots and stretchers, and generally transforming carriages into miniature wards suitable for the reception of different classes of injury and sickness, i.e., those of fractured limbs, those for medical ailments, infectious diseases. etc. He added that all must be done at top speed as matters p ressed and news from the front was not too bright.

For transporting Our sick cases we had brought from England many sets of an iron stretcher-supporting device, "The Rrechot Apparatus," suitable for installing in empty railway vans or trucks.

This consisted of a pair of light but strong iron uprights each bent into the shape of the inverted letter n.

Each upright was p laced at a distance of some si x feet from the other, bent end uppermost; strong connecting rods and stays passed from one to the other horizontally. Finally each upright stood on an expanded foot which was securely bolted to the floor of the wagon. The whole of apparatus thus erected 3.nd secur e d could sustain the weight of three men lying on stretchers.

The stretchers were placed in tiers, their handles resting at either end on iron cross rails fixed horizontally in each n-shaped piece of the a pparatus at levels sufficiently distant from each other to allow of a man lying) between them without touching the stretcher above him.

AIU- February, I1j2 2

This apparatus could be folded up when not in use and forty such sets could b e carried in one wago? or

On the afternoon of August 17th at a large JunctlOD, a mile from Amiens, roo merchandise wagons, with a few passenger coaches and luggage vans,. handed to us by the French. This was the begmnmg of the BntIsh am bulance train service. Then the work began and som e 309 men fairly made things go, working night and c:Iay.

The first step was to divide the carriages wagons mto three trains. These were scrubbed, dlsmfected and thoroughly cleaned. N ext, sets of our "Br e chot Appar.atus" were installed in th e empty wagons, as a rule four m each wagons, thus giving accommodation for twelve lyingdown cases.

These heavy wagons proved far from being really ideal ambulance transport ; built with springs which only ca.me into play when carrying very heavy loads, they f?rmed.lmperfect and jolting conv e yance .for th e comparatively weights of some ten to twelve Sick or wounded men. ThIS defect was how e ver, counteracted to a remarkable degree , "B ' h by the play and give of the iron frames of th e re.c a t Apparatus." The floors, too, we re uneven, and admitted draught. These and other shortcomings we at once set ourselves to remedy.

It was fully recognised that th e time was very cntIc al and not one to spend in sighing for what was impossble to obtain, but to be very thankful for getting anything at all.

So the work went on apace. What had been dingy wagons a few days befor e , now took the form of clean , well- e quipped wards, dispensaries, surgical dressing -rooms , stores for food, reserve stre tchers, blankets ; finally, through the roofs of wagons appeared iron chimneys, the flues from the cooking ovens and stoves of th e train kitchens. Each kitchen was capabl e of cooking fo r 700 pati Ents. Barrels for the carriag e of fresh water wer e fixed in, also filters and ice-chests and disinfecting apparatus. Our travelling hospitals we re born and numbered I 2 and 3.

MeanwhIle great difficulty was ex perienced iu obtaining the hundreds of medical articles, blankets, reserve stretchers, pails, jugs, basins, camp stoves, etc., ess e ntia l for th e requirements of large numbers of patients. Recogn ising that th ese could not possibly be supplied by th e Royal Army Ordnance Department at once as required by us, authority was obtained from an officer of high rank to purchase or tak e whe re we could whatever was necessary for our service, and debit the account to our Government.

This wise measure ensured the success of the enterprise. Within four hours of this permission being granted, three train commanders had scoured the shops of the town and brought back to our train depot articles necessary for the fitting up the trains, which were to prove in the near future a blessing to thousands of our sick and wounded men.

Another train commander left at the same time for Paris with orders to purchase articles unobtainable in Ami e ns ann to bring them back at once. This was performed in a most admirable manner, and in spite of the fact that during his absence and unknown to him we had suddenly to evacuate Amiens, owing to the approach of the Germans, Major B-- after many difficulties brought his truck of equipments safely back to our next point of concentration at Rouen.

While the formation of these three am bulance trains was approaching completion a system of medIcal aid was provided on the food supply trains which left daily for the

February, 1922. -FIRST

front. In one of the vans of each of these trains twelve folded-up sets of Apparatus" were placed with medical and surgical panniers, appliances, etc" all under charge of a non-commissioned officer, Royal Army Medical Corps, and three trained orderli e s. On the return journey, when the train had delivered its supplies up abov e , some of its carriages and vans scoured out, disinfected, and " Br e chot Apparatus" set up, and in this way thirty-six lying-down cases and some slightly sit t ing cases could b e carried back to Amiens.

The work got on splendidly and great was the delight of all when, on August 26th, complete as we could make them, Nos. I, 2 and 3 ambulance trains steamed out on their first trip to the front.

A fourth train was at once put in hand to be made up of third -class carriages from which the seats had been removed. Suddenly, on August 27th, a whisp er began to go round, "Evacuate Amiens at once," and it was added "The

Government, if approached, might hand us over one of their complete ambulance trains.

It must be pain ted out that at this period, the retreat from Mons, there was the greatest pressure on the French Army, and its needs for the transport of sick and wounded were as great as our own, also that their arrangements for coping with such str ess W3.S by no means complete or sufficient. Matters carne to a head when on August 30th news rt-ached us that owing to proximity of the Germans Rouen was to be evacuated at once by British troops.

Our position was not a satisfactory one, the train servic e heavily engaged with the transport of troops might be interrupted at any moment and our detachment stranded at Rou en in consequence. Also our rationing would be likely to cause difficulty as the ration supply stores would at once be moved elsewhere ,

Our luck was well in that day, for seeing a French ambulance train come in, I introduced myself to its com-

T HE [' BR E CHO T)) Ap PAR ATUS

G ermans are close by." Accordingly No, 4 ambulanc e train with detachments of NO.4 and 5 personnel steam e d off, le aving the one remaining ambulance train at Ami e ns , Next morning this too left by raIl for Rouen, a rriving at 10 p.m. Shortly aft er this the Germans entered Amiens.

The princi pal work at this period was. to keep asking a nyone and everyone in for carnages and va?s to mike furth er traim. In this, · unfortunat ely, a certam k nowledge of the FrenCh langu3.ge and th e rul es go verning their rai lway services proved very useful to our director.

On arrival at Rou e n on August 27th, ev ery means was tried to obtain suitable and sufficient carriages to convert into furthcr am bulance trains. Our efforts, however, we re of little avail, requests being passed on from official to another without any action be ing taken. Our officer finally suggested that it was possible that the French

mandant and explain ed to him in confidence the p osltlOn of affairs ; the evacuation of the which had already commenced, and the isolated pOSitIOn of anyone left behind such as his train or our detachment. I spoke of the need of ambulanc e train transport for our men falling round Paris ; the pro x imity of the Germans to Rouen, etc., and finally proposed that. as the necessar,y official sanction could not be applIed for and obtamed 10 time he and I should nev(.rtheless join forces and as a composite " Cordiale " train speed off at once to the scene of the fighting round Paris. I added that I, of would be responsible for the action taken . He agreed ; I hurried off, saw chief, who yet quitted the city, e\.plained all to nnd got hiS consent. I ran back to my siding. Wlthm an hour all was fixed up. M·y 45 men and 4 of stores were all merged into the French tram WIth ItS officers a,nd 25 men. The station-master was persuaded to gIve

us a "marche," or right of railroad at once, ' and the danger of being stranded and probably taken prisoners with the consequent loss of valuable stores was averted. German patrols were only IS miles away at the time.

( lobe concluded.)

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

2uerles will be dealt with under the jollowing rules .'-

T.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner oj tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FiRST Am, 46 , Cannon·street, London, E.C.4·

3.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro?l tlte current issue of the Journal, Or in case of Quenes from abroa{ from a ruent issue.

-The Textbook, to wlzich may be made in these co/umnJ is the 36th (I92 0 ) EditirJn of 5.J.A.A. Alanual of First·Aid.

TRE ATME NT OF BPR ST VARI COS E VH:IN.

D. N. (Ealing).-In a recent test I commen ced my treatment of a Burst Varicose Vein by exerting digital pressure on bleeding point and by applying a constriction to limb on side furthest from heart. I then dressed the wound and bandaged a p:ld firmly over the dressing, and finally relaxed iridirect pressure which I was prepared to re-apply if bleeding restarted.

I was told that I should have applied digital pressure and followed it with pad and bandage directly on wound before placing constrictions to limb on side furthest from heart and on heart side. Which treatment is correct, please ?

The latter treatment is the more correct, though your treatment (which you detail so clearly and accurately in your letter ) would do what was required. With Venous Bleeding direct pressure is usually successful and the need for indirect pressure,is not so pressin g as with Arterial. Indeed, the only difference between the General Rules for Arterial and those for Venous B leeding is that with the latter" removal of constrictions" replaces the "temporary indirect pressure" of the former rules.-N. COR BET FL ETCHER.

TREAT MEN T OF BOILS.

C P. (Australia ) asks whether boils and carbuncles s hould be treated by heating a bottle and applying it "neck downwards " on to boil with the object of drawing out the core.

The treatment of boils and carbuncles being beyond the scope of First Aid, I have nothing to say; but I would point out that active interference by any unqualified person is n ot without risk. So, before a nything other than perhaps applying a boric fomentation, co n sult your do cto r. --N.C.F.

A. I D.- February, 1922.

ing from upper part of Brachial, and (3) that the pad an d bandage would probably be ineffective if the Axilla ry Artery is severed. Am I right?

While I agree that the pad and bandage "proba?l y be ineffective," yet in a given case I. should be disposed to gl.ve it a trial, because direct IS .always t? .10direct for control of bleeding. If It faded, then mdlrect digital pressure on Subclavian is indicated. By the way, it is essential that the pad be small ant! firm., as a .billi3:rd ball which might be wrapped 10 bonc Imt as antiseptic precautIOn. -N.C.F.

AID S TO FIRST-AID.

L. S. A. (London ).-We lecturers owe you a debt of gratitu de for your interesting and inspiring _articles on First-Aid, from which we can pick up so many practical points an d homely illustrations wherewith to drive home essenti al details. Frankly I wish your books had been publishe d when I took my " final" !

I thank you for your letter and am ple.lsed to learn th at you derive some interest and assistance from my efforts.N.C.F

CARBON MONOXIDE POI SONI NG.

A. D. marking ).-I was much interested in the article on F irst Aid in Iron a nd Steel Works (January issue), an d thank "Labellist" for it. I notice, however, that toward s the eqd of the article he advocates drastic methods d e- , signed to keep patient awake and on the move.

This advice is directly opposite to that contained in the pamphlet Carbon M onox ide Po i soning in F actories (issued by Home in which I read that II rest is absolutely necessary and under no circumstances mu st the patient be walked about after he has come to " Further, this warning is in black type td emphasise its importance As a se eker after truth and with no desi re to disparage "Labellist's " excellent article, I ask whi ch is the c orrect treatment.

Carbon Monoxide causes changes m the haemoglobi n (blood pigment ) which normally carries oxygen to the tissue s I n its treatment rest and wa rmth com bined with a1 tzjicz'al r espira tion and excess of oxyg en to neutralise the poison an d purify the blood are all important; and experience prove s that, if a patient recovering from Carbon Monoxide poisonin g exert himself too soon, then the physical exertion may read ily cause a relapse of the condition, more dangerous than the orig inal. In confirmation of the urgent warning quoted from the Home Office Pamphlet, I note that Dr. I rvine, of South Afric a, in his First Aid tn M i n i ng places in italics these words- " O n no account, even in comparatively slight cases, should patien t be alluwed to walk home." In this connection it may be pert inent to note that exercise after resuscitation from drownin g may be equally fatal, as was shown in the case reported unde r "Practical Points " in the December (1920) issue. One importdnt point emphasised rightly in " Labellist s" article is th at oxygen must be freely administered for some time after breathi ng is re-established.-N.C.F.

AS PHYXIA \\ ITH COMPRESSION OF BRAIN.

Price L800 at Works.

S EVE RED A XILLAR Y ARTER Y

D. N. (Ealin,g ).-If the Axillary Artery is severed, I take it ( 1) that, havlO g dressed the wound, we must keep up digital p ressure on Suhclavian by relays of assistants, and (2) that the pad and bandage is really intended for arterial bleed -

B. W. ( New Cross). - in a recent competition we had to trea t a lady, who, being thrown from a gig, was found to be unconscious and to have ceased breathing. On examination we established that Compression of the Brain, due to Fractured Skull, was the cause of insensibility and of cessation of breathinF;, and that the lady also had a simple fracture of right leg.

Some of us adopted Schaefer's, others Silvester's Method; but the judge disagreed with us · all and de -

The ambulance depicted IS a standardised Austin Vehicle. I ts chassis is that of the 41 11 car , noted for its silent running and the flexible pulling of the splendid engme. Stretchers are loaded by sliding them up rails, which hinge and fold inside. The top stretcher is lifted into posItIon by simple winding gear.

When the front sliding door is open it lifts the attendant ' s seat automatically As supplied to Government order.

-FIRST

creed that Laborde's Method was the only method' permissible under the circumstances. We shall welcome your ruling.

I fear your patient would be moribund and that only chance of saving her life would be by immediate operatIOn to remove the pressure on brain. Therefore, any method would be equally valuable (or valueless) under these and I cannot imagine a doctor wasting time and energy m doing- artificial respiration in an actual case.

Still, in vIew of Principle No. (Textbook p. 24) you, as First-Aiders, must do something, and the points in favour of Laborde's Method are (r) that it requires no change of position and no manipulations which might aggr2.vate the brain injury, and (2) that it can be carried on while the patient is being transported rapidly on stretcher to hospital.-N. C. F.

REl\fOYAL or FRACTURED SPINE.

W. D. (Gloucester).-In a recent competition the patient was found lying "face downwards" in a wrecked guard's van beneath a beavy iron girder, which could only be raised by four men. We tied feet and legs, and removed as found by passing broad bandages under bead, body and lower limbs and attaching to splints, wherewith we lifted patient on to stretcher. The winning team turned patient on to his back and afterwards tied his feet together.

Would not the turning of such patient on (probably) an uneven surface tend to aggrevate the fractured spine?

Please say which method you consider correct.

The test is an old friend whom we meet year by year. Frankly, the decision-as to whether or no a patient suffering from a Fractured Spine and lying on his face should be turned upon his back-depends on the individual views of the judge. Some doctors prefer such a case to be removed "on his face," and claim (I) that thereby subsequent examination by a surgeon is facilitated (an important and ojten neglected object of First Aid), and (2) that a second turning of a patient is avoided. Others, however, prefer the opposite treatment, because, they say, that a trained squad of ambulance men can turn a patient without any risk of aggravating the fractured spine. Personally, I favour your treatment.-N. C. F.

SIGNS OF FRACTURED SCAPDLA.

W. F. (Oldham).-The Textbook gives the treatment for Fractured Scapula but omits the signs and symptoms. Your assistance will be gladly received.

The signs and symptoms are for all practical purposes the same as for Fractured Clavicle, as you will realise when you remember that the shoulder girdle consists of an anterior (clavicle) and a posterior (scapula) limb.

If the girdle be broken in any place, then we get similar signs and symptoms. Fractured scapula, however, is usually due to direct, Fractured Scapula to indirect violence. With both the aim of treatment is to keep the arm at the side and raised.

REACTION OF PUPILS IN CONCUSSION.

G. W. (Sheffield).-In your Aids to First Aid, on p. 19, you name Concussion and Compression as Injuries to Brain; on p. 20 you say that, if eyes are sensitive, if there is no alteration in the pupils, and If there is no squint, then there is no injury or disease of brain; and on p. 23 you say that in Concussion the pupils are usually contracted and react to light.

I do not understand this, as I have always been under the impression that the pupils are dilated, equal and fixed in severe jorms of Concussion.

Y(:Hlr query itself. If the degree of Conc:qssion ifi

AID.- February, 1922

severe, then it verges on Collapse .and. the pupils are dilated, equal and fixed usually. OtherWIse, m a well-marked, though not extreme, case of Concussion, the vary but are equal, often contracted, and usually react to lIght. In such a case "the alteration in pupils" is slowness in this reaction.N. C.F.

SILVESTER'S ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

M. C. {York).-Six of us recently had a vigorous discussion about the instructions of Textbook (p. 137) under Silvester's method of Artificial Respiration-" inclined if from feet upwards." Three of us thought they meant "feet below head" while the other three favoured "head below feet." Why is the Textbook so ambiguous? Please arbitrate between us.

First, the Textbook is not altogether responsible for the ambiguity of the instructions which are practically the same as were originally issued by Dr. H. R. Silvester-" inclined a little upwards from the feet."

Secondly, I have always been puzzled by the instructions of the Textbook, and I once asked a number of non-ambulance friends what construction they would put on the sentence The result was the same as in your report! Personally I have always read them as "head below feet," especially as in my hospital days I saw the method often used and always with success for Chloroform Asphyxia and we invariably commen ced bv lowering the head of the operating table.

Reference, however, to the original and more exact instructions and to the figures issued therewIth by the National Life Boat Institution after its investigations in 1863 prove that in his instructions Dr. Silvester clearly meant" feet below head," since the side-whiskered operator is shown stretchin g the arms of a patient who is lying in this position on a slant n gboard in a tilted rowing-boat.

By the way, the T·extbook instructions to-day require a cz"rcular movement of the arms which are grasped below elbo w in place of the original upward st.?-etclzing of arms which were grasped above elbow. Further, the elbows must now be made to touch the ground.-N.C. F.

J. L. P. (Liverpool).-Please inform me (1) official drill book of the St. John Ambulance Brigade; (2) Price; (3) Date of last issue; (4) I s a new issue antici pated ?

(I) Manual of Drill and Camping for the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

(2) IS., by post, IS. I ] d. (3) 192 1. (4) Yes.

An interesting ceremony took place at Hove on February 4th, when the Mayoress of Hove (Mrs. F. W. A. Cushman) presented a large number of awards gained by members of the Hove Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Commandant Councillor C. G. Yates, of the old " Sussex 53 " V. A. D., presided in the absence of the Mayor of Hove, and was supported by the Mayoress, Miss Mayhew (Lady District Officer for Sussex, formerly Lady Divisional Officer for Hove), Miss Alice t ield-Comber (Lady Divisional Superintendent), Councillor E. J. J. Thompson (Divisional Secretary of the Men's Section), and Dr. A. Griffith, the Hove Medical Officer of Health. A RMY Stretchers, with Slings, i5 doze n, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

ADY'S St. Jobn's Bonnet and Overcoat (medium weight) wanted; good condition; height 5 ft. 8 in., rather broad.

-G Pearce, 65, Plates-lane, Hampstead, N.vV·3·

OFFICER'S Uniform (S.J.A.B.) for sale, almost new.Carley, 93, Lansflnne-road, Peckh;:\fn,

February, 1922. -FIRST

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A that its claim to be an epitome of all that 'medIcal and surgical knowledge necessary for .ti lrst Alders, as well as all authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a to ?e welcomed by all our. who wish· to study their subject more deeply than IS pOSSible from superficial text books.

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A FEW OPINIONS.

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- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by B. DALE.

No. 333.-VOL. XXVIII MARCH, 1922. IENt,,.,d at SttUt/l",,,t' Hall.) 3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

NOTICE TO

P I RST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Re ports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (no necessarily For llublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET,., LONDON, E. C. 4. 7 elegraphic Address.' "Twent1l-/our, London." 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

and F ell ows have the u se of Anatomical and Patho· logical Museum s , Bandaging Rooms, 'i,iVard Library and Writing R oom. Annual SubSCrIption s : Members £ 1 IS , Fellow s £2 2S.

Write for Prospectu s to the MA NAGIN G SECRETARY, 56, Queen Anne Street, W.r. ' Phone: Mayfair 46Sa.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M.G" C.I.E., D.S.O" M.D , (1) Poisoning, (2) H aemorrhage, (3) In sensibility, (4) Asphyxia (S us pe nded Breathing), (5) Fractures Disl ocations and Sprains, (6) Woun ds Bites Burns, Scalds Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series conta in a ll th e e: sential s of Firs t Aid. Printed on linen·lined cards, 3i" x 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS, WORKERS.

By NOEL D. BAgDSWELL, M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth IS. 6d. net; post 3d.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915.

By •• WAGON· LIT. " post ree.

Each Cadet DIvision is to be composed of a " Junior Section" and "Senior Section," those between the ages of 1 1 and 1 6 to be enrolled in the Junior Section, and those between the ages of 16 and 18 in the Senior Section, provided that at all times they have obtained a Junior or Senior Certificate respectively.

Enrolment IS open to Boys and Girls between the ages of 1 I and 18, Those in possession of a Certificate obtained from an Approved Body will be eligible to join the Junior Section if between the ages of and 16; if over 16, and in possession of a Senior Certificate, they will be eligible to join the Senior Section; unqualified Juveniles will be probationary until they have become qualified to join either Section. It is obligatory on all Cadets to obtain the Senior Certificate of the St. John Ambulance Association between the ages of 16 and 17i years.

On reaching the age of 18 they will be given an opportunity of transferring to the Brigade, otherwise mem bership will automatically cease.

Cadet Divisions of the S.J.A.B.

"FIRST A·ID" I

Il th Edition. 150th THOUSAND. Fully Revised. With 30I Illust r ations, some coloured. Stiff Bouds, 2/9 net, or Limp Leather, 5/3 net, post tree. +

TO THE & SICK· • An Advanced Ambulance Handbook, By F. J. Warwick, B.A.,M;B. & A. C. Tunstall, M.D., F.R.C.S., • One of the most c oncise works on the subiect pu blished at a popular pri ce " -First Aid /olw nal

Also "FIRST AID" WALL DIAGRAMS, On Strong Sheets, size 2 ft. 2

JOHN BALE, SONS &. DANIELSSON, Ltd 88-91. Great Tttchfleld Street. London. W.1.

JAB

Rank and File Tunic and Trousers to o. measure, £2 7S. 6d. Pattelns particulars on appllcation.-Thornton & Co., tailors, 24 Com mercial-street,

FOR

SALE, a quantity of Men's Ambulance Uniform Trousers, all sizes, quite new, J6s. 6d. a pair. Also 20 pairs Uniform Trousers, to clear, at lOS. per pair, quite new Also 14 S.J.A.B. Nurse's Coats, all wool grey serge, to clear at 375. 6d., cannot repeat.- Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut (Jut and enclosed with all Queries FEB, 1922.

WE are pleased to note that the S.J.A.B. authorities have taken in hand the formation of Cadet Divisions. The object aimed at is, briefly, to afford facilities to meet together for the purpose of instructions 10 Junior and Se nior First Aid and Hume Nursing with the object of co mbining together individual efforts for the public advanta ge and to assist in the maintenance of health by teaching H ygiene by the promotion of regular practices and ph ysical exercises. Undoubted the formation of theSe Cadet Divisions will do a great amount of good in turning bo yish energies into useful channels.

The basis of the scheme consists in giving responsibility for good discipline, and at the same time gives a practical training which will serve in good stead in after life. To form a unit, 8 Certificate holders, whether J unior or Senior, must be enrolled to enable a Cadet Division to be registered, but a Division of 8 uncertificated Boys or Girls may be provisionally registered.

These Cadet Divisions will form part of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and where possible they shall be attached to Divisions of the Brigade and take the name of the Division to which attached with the addition of the word " Cadet."

Officers in charge of Cadet Divisions will be known as "Cadet Officers" and be nominated by the Sup erin· tendent of the Brigade Division to which the Cadet Division is attached. Only members or ex-member of the Brigade will be eligible for the appointment of Cadet Officer.

This new formation will rank among the most important recent developments of the Brigade, not only will these Cadet Divisions be of social service, but they will form one of the finest recruiting grounds (or the Brigade, they will not in any way be a separate organisation, for the control of them will be through the same channels as those which exist for the administration of the Brigade, there will, therefore, be clos e

co·operation with units of the Brigade, and public duty will be undertaken in conjunction with Divisions,

An attrartive uniform, which will appeal to boys, has been designed, and in everyway the work will be made as interesting as possible. It is to he hoped that in a few years' time this new formation will come to be as much a part of the national life as its prototype the S.J.A.B.

Original Lectures by the Red Cross.

THE Joint Council of th e Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Soci e ty, in pursuance of their programme, have organised several s e ries of lectures of an unusually interesting character. The scheme has been planned by the Joint Council, in conjunction with the Federation of Women's Institution, an energetic body which has over 2,200 branches representing a membership of I30,000 country women of all classes.

The Red Cross, whose courses on First-Aid and Nursing are so welt known, carries the campaign this time into th e realm of prev e ntive therapeutics and deals with "How to Keep Well." The lectures, seve n of which make a course, are given free to all Women Institutes whose members are willing to devote some study to the mainte· nance of good health in themselves and in their families, Th e y treat of the care of th e body in order to make it an attractive machine, of digestion, food, cleanliness, clothing and housing, and proceed to give specialised consideration to the diffc!rent members of a family-the baby, the school child, &c., the mother and the father. The class is instructed also on the possibilities of cultivating their senses for the better enjoyment of their lives It is in fact an extremely welt-balanced syllabus, giving adequate consideration to the preservation of healthy body, healthy mind and healthy surroundings, taking each factor into account and showing the importance of its effect on the whole organism.

The lectures, as planned at present, are being given in the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, Norfolk, Huntingdon, Stafford, East SUSStX, Dorset, Essex, and Lincolnshire. The lecturers are specially qualified and certificated women, to each of whom is allotted a circuit of ten Institutes situated· within a convenient area. The lecturer gives the same lecture to each of these ten Institutes during a week, and the second week proceeds to give the second lecture of the series of seven is completed. The Dian allows a for the mental assimilation on the ·part of· each audIence of has been said, a period which, on the ?ther hand, IS not long to break the continuity of lOterest. That the plan IS successful is evident from the fact that audiences have spontaneously asked that· books may be added to the Institutes' libraries in order that they may read up the su bjects mentioned in the lectures, and in some cases they have asked that a series of questions may be prepared at the end of the course on which they are to found their n ex t competition.

the expenses of the courses are borne by the Joint CouncIl of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society, the exception of travelling expenses the Institutes and hospitality for which the FederatlOn of Women's Institutes are responsible.

AI D - March, 1922

:The Grand of the Orde r of the }(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. John J\mbulance Srigade.

No. I Distric.t COMMISSIONER: DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL APRI L, 1922.

Sunday, znd.-No 30 Division, East London.

II 9 th .- N o. 33 II Bermondsey and Walwort h. r6th.-No.37 " G.W.R. Paddington. " 23rd - No. 38 L.B.S.C. Railway, Victoria 30th. -No. 40 Beckton.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

THE "PERROTT" SHIELD.

Officers in charge of Nursing Divisions have alre ady received copies of the Conditions for this Competition. Headquarters should be notified by the 25th March, if it is intended to enter Teams from their Divisions.

It is expected that the preliminary test will be arran ged for a date early in April.

RAIL AND ROUTE MARCH, GOOD FRIDAY.

It is proposed to revive this outing which before the War was an annual fixture. It is hoped that Officers in charge of Divisions will do their utmost to support the fixture by qUickly notifying their members, and advising Headquarters by March 30th, the number which will parade at St. John s Gate on Good Friday at IO.30 a.m.

A bri ef Service Will be held at the Order Chapel at IO.45 a.m entrain about IT .50 a.m. for Stratford, The fare for thiS journey will be 6d. per head for W.O.'::, N.C.O.'s and rank and file. This will be handed over by the Officer in charge of each on the day. The of. the fare from Liverp oolstreet will be furnIshed by the Dlstnct. Officers' fare will be IS. 6d.

DIVISIONAL RETURNS.

Several Divisions have not yet furnished their Ann ual Returns on Forms B.F.r, etc" together with Balance Sheet. OEicers in charge are warned that their members may lose their Efficiency for the year if the Returns are not received at Headquarters by March 31st.

THE ROYAL WEDDING.

The Commissioner desires to tender his most sin cere thanks for the splendid services rendered by all ranks of NO.1 District on the occasion of the Royal Wedding, on Feb. 28th. The crowds. large and nearly 2,000 cases were dealt WIth, tncludmg several cases removed to hospi tal, but the number of men and nurses who turned Ollt for duty proved adequate for all calls upon them, over r,000 of all ran k's being on duty.

ANNUAL MEETING.

It is proposed to hold the Annual General Meeting of Officers of the District on Saturrlay, April 1st at 3 o'clock at St. John's Gate All Officers are invited to attend this meeting, and where there is!lo Officer to a Division, it should be .by the Semor W.O., N.C.O. or private availabl e, or the DIVISIOnal Secretary.

Members desiring to propose any Resolution should send a.c?py of it to Headquarters by the first post on March r8th, glVtng the name of the proposer and seconder.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'on er.

March, 1922. -FIRST AID.-

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newspa per cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publi catio n of the newspapers.-EDlToR.

THE HOSPITALLER S' a meeting of the Club, held at the Empire Caft\ Ludgate Hill, on March 3rd, a dis· cussio n took place on Ways and Means of raising money for Ambu lance Work.

In the absence of Mr. R. W. Stone, the discussion was op ened by Mr. S. Knight, of Walthamstow Division, who gave a very good account of how he raised money by giving the peo ple a good concert with good talent, and to keep the standard of talent up each year and then you can get good returns.

Different methods were also spoken of by Messrs. Statham, Allis on, Kemp, Burton, Magnus and Liddell.

The Chairman, Mr. Langley Jones, also gave his opinion.

The Club will hold its annual dinner on Saturday, April 8th, r922, at the Abercorn Room, Liverpool·street, E.C., when it is hop ed all the members will try and be present with their fr iends.

S J.A.B. N.C.O.'s CLUB.-The next meeting will he held on Thursday, April 6th, 7.30 p.m. at W. H. Smith & Son's Club, I I, Milford Lane, Strand, W.C.

A subject for debate will be placed before the membtrs by A. Shrimplin.

Arrangements are being made for a visit to the Royal College of Smgeons. Time and date will be notified to all ater.

Please note that meetings will be held first Thursday in every month at above address until further notice. The mem bers now represent many Divisions. There are still some more Divisions we should like to see represented at the next meeting, and help to make a long - felt want a thorough succesc;. Further particulars will be sent to any N.C.O.

No. 3 District.

BrRMINGHAM.-A very successful concert in connection with the Curzon-street Division ( L. & N.W. Ry. ) was held in the Institute, New-street Station, on Saturday, February 25 th

T. H. Shipley, Esq. presiding, said he was very glad to se e such a large number of the staff and their friends support· ing an object so worthy as that for which the of the concert were devoted.

Mr. J. H. Hotchkis was responsible for securing the following artists, who provided a very enjoyable programme -.!\I rs. G. Shrive, soprano; Miss contralto; R. Pick en, tenor; Mr. J. Gossage, ban tone ; Mr. W. WhIttaker, violi nist ; and the well-known humourist Mr. B. Henman.

The result of the Curzon·street L.N.\V. Division Watch com petition is unavoidably postponed until the issue, owi ng to the very large number of forms not yet back. Thank and apoligies to all who have returned theIrS. \yould those friends who have not yet done so kindly return the forms as soon as possible.

FollowlOg Ot:!t an expressed desire for Inter-Divisional Church Parades, which it is thought will help to inti macy of the various divisions, the West Smet.h WIck DIVISIOn arranged a visit to St. Paul's Church, Smethwlck. Members from the Bearwood and Headquarters Divisions attended. The company fell in at West Smethwick Park under the command of Ambulance Officer J. T. Moore, and marched to the church.

I t was noted that some (If the men carried a brave display of medals, and all members turned out very smartly. This is the first Inter-Divisional Church Parade and !t IS hoped that the idea wIll be generally The annual dinner of Staft and DIVISional Officers was held on February 25th at the Chapel Tavern, Gt. Charlesstr eet.

Those present included Asst.-Commissioner Capt. J. Henton White, M.D., County Geo. St. Johnston, M.D.)

District Officer C. N. Milner, Corps Surgeon E. W. Parsey, M B.. Corps Supt. W E. Ballard, Corps Officer G. E. Kings· north and officers represting most Divisions.

An attractive programme had been arranged and was thoroughly enjoyed. The Asst.·Commissioner reviewed the work of the Corps, praised the officers for whd they had done and urged them to strive for even greater things in the future.

Corps Supt. W. E. Ballard also expressed his appreciation of the support which he had received from the Divisional Officers during his year of office, and spoke of his hopes and aspirations for the future of the Birmingham Corps.

Corps Surgeon E. \V. Parsey, M.B., proposed the toast of the visitors, specially referring to the excellent and invaluable work carried out by the County Director of V.A.D.'s, Mr. E. M. Tailby. In re-sponse l\Ir. Tailby gave some particulars of th e Dr. Nelson Memorial Building, which IS to be the new headquarters of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Birmingham Corps.

All the speeches were greatly appreciated and enth'Jsiastically received.

No. 9 District.

PLYi\IOUTH.-The first competition for possession of the beaut iful shield offered by the Hon. Mr. C. R Burn, O.B.E., and the cup offered by the Lady District Superintendent ( Mrs. Ellis ) for the best and second best teams of ambulance s isters in No, 9 District, was held in St. Matthias Hall, Plyrr.outh, on Friday, February roth.

The following District Officers were present- Lieut. Col. C. I. Ellis, C.M.G., M.D. District Commissioner; H. Y. Miller, F.C. Amb., Ac;sist. Commissioner for Devon Edgar Trounson (R edruth ) District Inspector of Stores; Lieut. Col. J. P. Ward, T. D ., Ceunty Surgeon for Devon; Messrs. T. D. Perkins and T. Pengelly, Distri c and a fair gath ering of the general public besides members of Nursing and Ambulance Divisions not competing. The :'layor of Plymouth (Alderman J. F. Winnicott, J.P. ) kindly presented the prizes, and though he did not arrive in time to see the competiti on, the Mayoress came early enough to form a good idea of the work done.

Thejudge was Captain W. W. S. Sharpe, R.A.M.C. Adj utant School of Instruction R.A.M.C. (T) Wessex Division. The test was as follows :-" A man is discovered unconscious on a stony beach some mile and a half from the nearest house, the stones near his foot are ')lood·stained, and examination shows a cut on the sole of his foot and a lump on his head where it has struck the stones. ;) Deal with the case until medical aid arrives (t his must be about hours), arrange for transport to patient s home if con sidered advisable and, in that case, prepare for the doctor's visit and give such attenti0!l t.o the patient as you consider desirable. There were also tndlvidual tests and questions.

The teams competing were Falmouth NurslOg DIVlSI?D, Plymouth Central Nursing Di\'ision, Plymouth Co· Operative Nursing Division and Redruth Nursing

The first pri ze was won by Redruth With a high percentage of marks. Falmouth was a good

Unfortunately Plymouth Central Divisi?n an i.nsufficient number of members and had to be dIsqualified; It was explained that the DIvision was a new one and quite small, so there was very little material to draw upon when some of th.e original team fell out through business their sporting attempt to compete created enthUSiasm, Taking it all round the competItIOn was pronounced a success, and there was very little to criticise either in general procedure or in the work of the teams. The followmg suggestions occur to one and may be useful.

I-From a spectator s point.ofview.the would be more interesting and more Instructlve If the Case be treated by the teams were to be explained to the audIence before the work was beaun and that immediately after results were announced, an ideoal of treatment indioted by the judge.

2.-In this and most contests of the same kind, teams would do well to try and forget that the are not real, and also that, when available, real apparatus IS to be preferred

-FIRST

to make-shift (one team:discarded a ordinary. bedcradle as too big and then proceeded to Impro:,,,se a su!;>stltute). It is by no means unusual to real conveniences at competitions while ones are more or less skIlfully improvised, but this time IS wasted,. and as fa.r as the patient's comfort is concerned the result IS.

The First Aider, one hopes, not do this In real life, so why not be ,. real" in competitIOns?

The Plymouth District Officers are to be congratulated upon the arrangements competition, the Co·Operative Nursing DIVISIOn on the lUXUriOUs tea plovlded and served by them

Votes of thanks were passed to the donors of prizes, to the Judge and to the Mayor.

year it is proposed the of th; competitIOn be alterecl to confo:m with Perrott Shield competition, of thiS competitIOn w111 be the preliminary for the No. 9

The best wishes of the DistrIct are with Redruth, and It is hoped that before long that small Cor,nish town may hold yet another proudly cherished trophy 10 the shape of the " Perrott" Shield.

No. 10 District.

IpSWICH.-The Gippeswyk Division of the Corps held the annual competition of the DIVISion C:hallenge Cup at the Ambulance Hall, IpSWiCh, on Fnday, February 2Jrd. Three teams of 5 members competed under the respective leadership of CorpI. T. W. Sharman, CorpI. J. H. Brett, and CorpI. H. T. Smith. District Surgeon, S. O. Eades was the judge.

After a very keen and efficient display between the teams, the judge declared the result as follows :-CorpI. J. W. man's team, I07 points; CarpI. J. H. Brett's team, 101 polOts ; CarpI. H. T. Smith's team, 90 points. The winning team sisted of CorpI. J, W. Sharman, Ptes. A. C. Kennell, F. L. Curtis, O. P. Fairweather and J. B. Talbot. The" patients" were supplied by District Scoutmaster H. Crowe ( a member of the Division ) from the 8th (I pswich) Troop of Boy Scouts.

A vote of thanks to Dr. S. O. Eades for setting and judg. ing the competition was proposed by Corps Supt. Captain F. A. Gooderham, and seconded by Divisional Supt. W. C. Smith. District Surgeon S. O. Eades, in presenting. the cup to the winners, complimented them on the splendid work done.

Also the following Wednesday (March 1St) the Annual Gippeswyk Divisional Social was held, presided over by the Divisional Surgeon W. L. Hibbert. Short speeches were made by the Chairman, the Divisional Superintendent (W. C. Smith), the Corps Superintendent (Captain F. H. Gooderham) and the Corps Secretary (A. C. Hill). A splendid programme of music and song was also rendered during the evening, and refreshments served at the interval, all contributing to a most enjoyable evening. The 1921 Awards were also presented during the evening.

EXETER. - Excellent first aid was rendered by Sergt. Arnold and Pte. Taylor who found a man, Leonard Morse, who had been examining petrol tanks overcome by the fumes and unconscious, teeth clenched, ears and lips black. He had been pulled out of the tank by a rope and laid on his back On top of tank. To get to him was a very difficult and dangerous undertaking, having to negotiate two single planks and a lot of pro. jections from two other tanks or boilers. The St. John Ambulance was called at 4 p.m. and was on the spot, One mile from headquarters, in nine minutes. Pte. Taylor immediately turned the patient on his stomach and started Schafer's method, and in less than a quarter of an hour got his patient to vomit. The next thing was to get the patient to the ambulance and the fireman's method was used. Sergt. Arnold, who was in charge got him On the stretcher well wrapt in blankets, and, while the attendant held t he patient in his arms so that he should not suffocate with his own vomit, got him quickly to the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. On arriving at the hospital Morse, whose clothes were saturated with petrol, was found to

AID. - Macrh, 1922

be burnt and blistered over nearly the whole of his body and legs. Three doctors were waiting for the case and bottles and oxygen were quickly applied an.d the patient In hours regained consclousness' but. was detamed (or some dav s (or the healing of the burns. Praise was due to the St. John Ambulance men, Sergt. Arnold and Pte. Taylor, who carr ied out this case with credit to themselves and honour to the Division.

No. 12 (Irish District).

The Individual Challenge Cup for women, presented by Lady Arnott, D.B.E., was for on March I lth at Brigade 40, ¥ernon-squa1e. There were fift een entries the wlOner bemg MISS Mary Stafford, Messrs. W. &: R. Nursing .Division, with 174t marks out of a pOSSi ble 200.

The competition was very keen, an.d the standard of wo rk high. Asst.-Commissioner W. G. Smith, and Corps Supt. A. J. MacWilliam, with Miss Reeves, MISS Patt.er son, Lady District Officer Miss Overend, Lady Supt. MISS E. Moors and Sergt. Ebbs, acting as examiners. The Office r 10 charge' of the Competition was Lady Corps SUP!. Mrs. Shan ks, assisted by Lady Corps Supts. Mrs. W. H. Robmson and Mrs. R H. Keatinge.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

FEBUARY, 1922.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following app ointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 54 (Brentford) Division).-Ambulance Officer Frank

Ern est Meyers to be Divisional Supt., 18.2.22

NO·9 (Royal Borough of Kensington) Nursing Division).-

Lad y Ambulance Officer Miss E. Broadley resigned, 16.2.22

No. 51 N (Blackheath) Division.-Alfred Featherstone

Ke llett, B.A., M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.2.22

No. 17 ( Merton and Wimbledon) Dlvision.-E. Revely Clarke, B.A., M.B., M.R.C.S., L.RC P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.2.22

No. 13 (King's Cross ) Division.-Staff Sergeant Herbert

He nry Dye to be Ambulance Officer, 21.2.22

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special referen ce 10 /{ood and bad {Joints in Treatment-for inclusion in this Colu mn

FIRST AID TO ANIMALS.

One morning recently at 4 a.m I was a.wakened he aing a faint whine from our retriever dog as If he m pa m. Going downstairs, I smelt a strong odour of gas which warn ed me not to strike a match; and at the door of the scullery I was met by a cloud of gas. I groped for the dog, I fou nd on the floor not hreathing and apparently at pomt of death. I doors and windows, pi.cked the dog, up, and to ok him to my workshop, where I applied SIlvester s Method cf Artificial Respiration. After. one ful l hour's stea?y I succeeded in restoring the ammal to lire though tWice dU rin' this period he collapsed. I wrapped him up warm.ly, ret.umed to bed, and by the evening was pleased to find him qUite all right again.

To explain the occurrence, I can C?nly surmise. that the dog jumped up on the gas stove (on which was a tly of bacon fat) ; and that, in so doing, he struck the tap With paw and turned the gas full on.-T. W. B., Carshalton·on-Hlll.

FIRST·AID IN MID-AIR.

One summer day when we were on duty at a Royal P rocession, a middle-aged man c1imbe? up a large tree. in Hyd e Park so that he might get a good view of the processIOn. Aft er he had taken up his position some twenty·five feet up he suddenly seized with a fit (which was probably EpIleptiC m character as we afterwards obtained a history of this diseas e) and fell. 'Fortunately for him, howeyer, h!s foot caug ht in a branch, and our attention was directed to him. .he hun g, }lead downwards, from the tree. Tw? of (employed daily as fitters in gas-works) Immediately clIm.bed up the tree one going to the upp.er branch and securing th e man's fo'ot and leg, the other proc.eeding along the branc h below to assist in supporting the patient. Then, by of slings removed from a stretcher, the two men the patient back again On to the upper branch, from was ultimately removed and lowered to the ground a klOd of Lowmoor Jacket improvised from more stretcher slmgs.-W. G . B., New Cross.

No. 49 ( Erith) Division).-Ambulance Officer Sydney

Ju leff to be Divisional Supt., 23.2.22

No. 20(Hampstead) Division.-Ambulance Officer Charles

Th omas Osborn to be Divisional Supt., I.3.22

Divisional Supt. J. T. Hudson, D.S.O., transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 13.2.22

No. 16 (Hampstead) Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

M rs. Waugh resigned, 8.3.22

No. 83 ( Northern Heights) Division.-Pte. George James

Bu nce to be Transport Officer, 13.2.22

No. 56 ( Cricklewood) Division.-Ambulance Officer E.

Jac kson attached, 28.9'21.

No. 41 ( Brixton) Nursmg

F. Knight transferred from Fulham NurSIng DIVISIOn on dls-

b'l nd:nent, 22.2.21

No. 9N (Royal Borough of Kensington) NurSIng DlVlslOn.

- Ambulance Sister Leila Power to be Ambulance Officer, 28 .2 22

Ambulance Sister Ailsie Stain bank to be Lady Ambulance Officer, I.3.22

No. 24 (Lambeth) Division).-Ambulance Officer J. Carley re signed, 27. 12.21

No. (Manor Park) Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon J. MacMurty resigned, 8.2.22

N O.2 DISTRICT.

Sandown Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Mr s. Stokes resig-ned, 20.1.2

Lymington Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Sta tham resigned, 2.3

Lady Ambulance Officers Mrs. Harris and Miss Stead res igned,2·3. 22

Reading Dlvlslon.-DlVlslOnal Supt. F. Cuppock reSigned, 29 ·1.22 L

Calmore Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon Alderson resigned, 8.3.22

No. 3 DISTRICT.

Kettering Corps (Midland Railway Division).-Ambulance Officer George Robert Binley to be Divisional ?Upt., 14.2.22

Kettering Corps.-Corps Supt. H. Raby reSIgned, 8.3.22

Birmingham Nursing Corps.-Lady Corps Supt., Mrs. He aton, O.B.E., resigned. 23.2.2Z

Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Edith Madge Barling to be Lady Corps Supt., 19.1.22

Birmingham Corps (Medical Mission Div isi on ).-S ergt. Robert George Fowles to be Ambulance. 22

Birmingham Corps (West Smethwlck DlVlsIOn ).-Ambulance Officer John Thomas Moore to be Divisional Supt. 8.3. 22

Peterborough Division.-Sergt. Robert Miller Strickland to be Ambulance Officer, 27.2.22

Wellingborough Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Watson resigned, 8.3.22

Northampton Corps (Long Buckby Nursing Div!si.o? ).Capt. W King Churchouse, M.C., M.R.C.S., to be DlVlslOnal Surgeon, 18.2.22

The Hon. Mrs. Muriel Fitzroy, C.B E., to be Lady DIVIsional Supt., 18.3.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Rawntenstall Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss A. L. Whitehead re5igned, 1.2 22

Birkenhead Corps (Bi rkenhead Nursmg Arthur Griffiths William Owen, M.D.) Ch.B., to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon, 9.2.22

Southport Division. - George Arthur Holt to be Ambulance Officer, 20.2.22

Southport Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. M. Stevenson resigned, 2.3.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Dewsbury and District Corps.-Divisional Supt. Harry Greenwood to be Corps Officer, 4.3.22

Keighley Corps.-Major William Roper to be Corps Supt., 1.3.22 .)

Nottingham Corps (Sta ple{ord. a?? Sandlacre DI VISIOn .Archibald Graydon, M.D ., to be DIVISional Supt., 28.2.22

Barnoldswick Division.-Staff Sergt. John Dewhirst Broughton to be I.3.22

Staveley Ireland Colliery NurSIng Dlvlslon.-Mrs. Ellinor May Tonks to be Lady Divisional Supt., Shipley and District Corps ( Otley NurSIng DlVlslOn).Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. M. E. Cook removed from the Roll of the Brigade, 8 2 Bradford City Dlvlslon.-Dlvlslonal Supt. E. Thurman transferred to the Brigade I: 1.22

Nottingham Corps ( G.N.R. Dlvlslon ).-Dlvlslonal Surgeon J. Willis resigned, 3. 2 22

Lincoln Corps (" A" Division ).-S ergt. Herbert Bancroft Seaton to be Ambulance Officer, 25.1.22

Huddersfield Corps.-Andrew Lowry McCulley, M.il., to be Corps Surgeon, 22.2.22

Pte. Charles Milton Greener to be Corps SergeanL Major, 22.2.22 ) H B 't h Huddersfield Corps ( Central DIV ISion '.-: orace ralwaite Bullen, M. RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be D IVISi onal Surgeon, 22.2.22 b D'" nal Ambulance Officer Harold Harrison to e IVISIO Supt., 22.2.22 Offi

Sergt. Alfred Foster to be cer, 22.2.22 ·

Warsop Corps (War.:;op MalO Dlvlslon ).-S ergeant-MaJor William Everett to be Ambulance 27. 2 22 New Hollana and District DIVISI?n.-. T. Hayes transferred from Warsop MalO DIVISIOn, 26.12._1 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Eston Division.-Sergt. Charles Wheeler to be Ambulance Officer, 16.2.22 h M t Ashington Coal Company Corps.-Capt. Jo n urray 0 be Corps Officer, 23.2.22

- FIRST . AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- March, 1922.

Ac;hington Coal Company Corps (Hirst Division).-Divisional Supt. Richardson transferred to the Woodhorn Division as Supernumerary to establishment, 2.3 22

Ashington Coal Company Corps (Duke Division).-Sergt. James Thomas Wright to be DiviSIOnal Supt., 8.3.22

North Tyneside Corps (W hitley Bay and Monkseaton Division).-Pte. WIlliam Metcalfe to be Divisional Supt.,

27. 2 22

Bridlington V.M.e.A Division.-Ambulance Officer Whiteside resigned, 8.3.22

Hull Corps (C entral Division). -Divisioml Surgeon R. Raines resIgned, 8,3,22

Hebburn-on-Tyne Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Jessie Duncan resigned, 8 .3022

East Cleveland Division.-Ambulance Officer James 'William Fawcett to be Divisional Supt., 9.3.22

No. 7 DISTRICT.

Shrewsbury Corps.-Gilbert Robert }{obertson to be Corps Officer, 9.3.22

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Hastings Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer C.

W. Coxeter transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 7.2.22 Nursing Division,-Lady Dlvisional Supt" Mrs. Rowcl1ffe, O.B.E., resumes the duties of her rank from 2.3. 22

Westgate-on-Sea Division.-Ambulance Officer P. Dykes resigned, 2,3-(:2

Littlehampton Division.-Corpl. Archibald George King· to be Ambulance Officer, 1.3.22 of Reigate Corps (Redhill and Reigate Nursing Dlvlslon).-Ambulance Sister Mrs. Helen Sutton to be Lady

Divisional Supt., 23.2 22

Ambulance Sister Annie Maud Upfold to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23.2.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

,Plymouth Corps (Plymouth Central Nursing Dlvlslon).-Wmlfred May Phdpott to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 92.22 of Plymouth Corps (Plymouth Central Division), -Henry Guy Ludolf, M.C" M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9 .2.22

. Borough of Plymouth Corps (Stonehous e Division).-

Edward George Hackworthy to be Divisional Supt., 7.3.22

.Giles to be Ambulance Officer, 7.3,22

Torpomt Dlvlslon.-Alfred James Isaac to be Divisional Supt., 7.3.22

Henry Worth to be Ambulance Officer, 7,3,22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

District Staff.-Corps Surgeon William Fryer, M R.C.S., etc., to be District Surg eon , 9.2.22

Ipswich Corps.-Dlvisional Surgeon William S. Hibbert, M.R.C.S.! L.R.C.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 9.2 ,22

Ipswich Corps (Moka Nursing Division).-Reginald Eades, M,R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H" to be Divisional Surgeon, 9 2 22

Ipswich Corps (B eechholme Nursing Division).-Arthur

Rob ert Holt, M.R.;::.S., L.R.C,P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9 2 22

Colchester Divislon.-James Charles Sleigh M.B Ch B to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.'2.22 " ., NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : No. I DISTRI CT

Euston Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 17.2.22 NO.3 DISTRICT.

"Deriton Division)J re-named " Medical Mission" Division, 2.3.22

Ru s hton of the Desborough Division.-Sanctioned, 1.2.22

Long Buckby :IS ursing Division.- Sanctioned, 18.2.12

Burton Latimer DivislOn.-Disbanded, 2.3 22

Pytcbley Division.-Disbanded, 2.322

\Voodford and Islip Division.-Dl::.banded, 2.3.22

Thornaby Nursing Division. - Disbanded, 2,3.22

l\ledbourne Division.-Disbanded, 2.3.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Chesham (Bu ry ) Nursing Division. - Sanctioned, 20.2.22

Heaton Park Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 9.3.22

DEATHS.

Divisional Surgeon G. A. Mitchell, Dewsbury Nurs ing Division. - Reported February, 1922

Ambulance Officer S. Holden, Sunderland Eastern D iv ision.-Reported February, 1922

C. R. TYRRELL (Colonel), Ac ting Chief Commissioner.

The Grand Priory of Order of t he Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order, St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., Ioth Feb, I92 2

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotion::; in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. J obn of Jerusalem m England:-

As Knight of 1ustlCC (from Knt'ght of Grace) :

The Earl of Onslow, O.B,B:,

As Lady of fustice (from Lady of Grace):

The Countess of Onslow, C,D.E.

As A"m;g-Jzts of Grace:

Lionel Henry Cust, C.V.O., Litt:D.

Major-General Sir Vere Bonamy Fane, K.C.D " KC.I.E.

Colonel George Abraham Moore, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.D.

Alexander Gordon Paterson, IYLD. ( from Honorary Associate )

As Honotary J(night of G1 ace:

Major Roger de la Harpe, M.D.

A \" Ladies 0/ Grace:

Marietta, Mrs. Ralli.

Alicia Franci.s Jane, M iss Lloyd Still, C.B,E., R.R.c.

Margare t, MISS Cudworth (from Honorary Serving Sister),

As Esquire:

Captain Lionel George Archer Cust, E..A.

As I-Ionorary Serving .Brothers.

William Cox.

Fred -Appleby Grice.

Ernest Cornish.

James Appleton.

Henry Raby.

George Henry Milnes.

John Roberts.

Arthur Lees.

Enc Mitchell Walker.

Wllliam Howard.

James Clarke.

James Wood.

March, 1922. - FIRST

Henry Thomas Rainbow.

Mervyn Mountjoy Lewis.

J am es Barnes Harper

James Frederick Warren.

Jasper Edgar Wickens. Wilfrid Bardsley.

John Henry Pigg.

AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- I39

Foreign Red Cross Nurses at St. John's Gate.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Zilla h Smith, Mrs. Gill.

Marg aret Elizabeth, Mrs. Heaton, O.RE.

Wini fred, Miss Kingston7Neele.

As Honorary Associates.

Emi ly Susan, Miss Cooke, M.B.

Surg eon-Major Evelyn John Hansler Luxmoore, :'I I. c., M.R.C.S.

John Graham.

Thom as Edgar Mayhew, A.C.A.

February 28tlz 1922.

As ]"(n(!?lzt 0/ fltstice (from Klliglzt of G1'ace).-

The Lord Stanmore, C. V.O.

As Knight of Grace:

Maj or-General Sir Geoffrey Percy Thynne Feilding, K.C,B., K.C.V.O, C.M.G" D,S.O.

As Lady of Grace,

The Lady Lee of Fareham.

As Honorary Servin[( Brothers:

John Thomas Davie!>, C.B" C.V.O.

Jose ph Burnett.

J ohn Sealey Cox.

W illia m Henry Dickinson.

Harry John Edmund Dyson, Alfred Atkinson.

Charle s WlIliam Musson.

John Amos Rose.

Alfred S tarkie.

Joh n Henry Mason.

Jos eph Beasley.

Perc y William Hawkes.

George Myers.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Leono ra Mary Florence, Miss Terry.

E liza beth Mary Alice, Mrs. Selby.

As Serving Brothers:

Lie utenant ·Colonel John Calderwood Strathearn, O.B.E.,M.D.

Sap tain Charles Roland Babington Eyre.

Yac oub Cubeisy,

Mary, Sister Dight.

As Se l" Villg Sisters:

Flor ence Caroline, Sister Leman. Mrs Malakeh Kumri.

As .f-iono1'ary AJsociales

Lie ut. -G enel'al Mstislav Ermakoff.

Merlin Isabel Laura, Miss Kingsley, M.D, (;od frey Carter, M.B.

Edwi n Albert Chill, O.B. E., M. D.

Francis Henry Dickson, M.B.

He rbert Charles Alderton, M.R.C.S.

A new list has recently b een issued by the Stort.s De partment at St. John's Gate. This can be obtained by Se cretaries or Superintendents of Corps or Divisions on app lication.

FOR the last two years the Council of the International League of Cross Societies has sent to England a group of Red Cross nurses to study public health methods In thIS country, Those who have come this year are trained nurses from Australia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Japan, C ze cho-Slovakia, Esthonia, Latvia, Mexico) Fin· land, New Zealand, Toronto, and an English lady.

During the course the nurses are taken to visit many (A the hospitals and institutions that deal with ttle extensive work done in this connection in England. Having, of course, heald of the work of the St. J Ambulance Association and the St. John Ambulance Brigade, th€ y were particularly anxious to learn more of its organisation and methods

On February r 5th the Hon. Katherine Thring, herstIf a mem ber of the John Ambulance Brigade, introduced som a of the members of the International group to Lord Stanmore, Secretary· General of the Order of St. John.

Lord Stanmore, having accepted the letter prestnt t' d to him by the Esthonian representative asking for details of the work of the St. John Am bulance Association and St. John Ambulance Brigade, addressed to the nurses a few words of cordial welcome, laying stress on the fact that the work was one in which all nations can be united. The work and organisativn of the two bodies which comprise the Am bulance Department of the Order were explained, ar;d the nurses were much impressed by the voluntary character of the work and the love of humanity which prompted the members of the Brigade-4S,ooO in number of all classes-to devote their time in factory or wherever it may be, to this essentially philanthropic work.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During February IS V.A D. nursmg members were posted to Ministry of Pensions' Hospitals,

We have to announce with regret the death of Ml s. Varcoe, Quartermaster and Acting Commandant of Cornwall 62, who gave devoted and distinguished service during th e war.

We also regret to announce the death of Miss Grace Alice Wheeler, Jerses S. JA A, who served as a Genera 1 Service Member in France from 16,1.18 to 23 1.19, and Miss Alice Marian Strange, Norfolk Resel ve, who served as a General Servic e Member in Horne Hospitals from June, 19!8, to July, 19 20

As a hotel for ex· Service Nurses and V.A D. me.mbers, S. Helena s, Earl's-avenue, Folkestone, becomes better known it is increasingly popular. The following are extracts from some of the letters received from guests who recently stayed at S. Helena's, and t estif to the comfort and excellence of the Home :-

"It is an ideal home, and I can ne,er thank you sufficiently for allowing me to come here."

" S. is charming and everybody is so kind,"

" I am so pleased at the prospect of re.naining ht:re

_ FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- March, 1922.

for another month. Miss Russell Lee is so good and kind to us all, and everything is so pretty and comfortable."

"S. Helena's is a delightful house, and nurses and V.A.D.'s are fortunate in having such a home to come to."

Presentation of V.A.D. Wedding Gift to V.A.D. Commandant, Her Royal Highness, Princess Mary.

DEPUTATION AT THE MARRIAGE OF PRINCESS MARY WITH VISCOUNT LASCELLES, K.G., D.S.O.

A DEPUTATION was commanded to attend at Buckingham Palace on Monday, February 13th, for the purpose of presenting to Her Royal Highness Princess Mary the Diamond and Emerald Tiara subscribed for by 50,000 members of Voluntary Aid Detachments of the Empire. The tiara is of diamonds and emeralds in trefoil design. '

The deputation consisted of:-

The Lady Ampthill, c.1., G.B.E., representing V.AD 's of St. John of Jerusalem.

The Duchess of Devonshire the Dominions.

Miss Gemmell, M.B.E., Scotland.

Lady Shaw, South Ireland.

Miss White, R. R.C., Wales. Miss Ewart. Ulster. Miss Byrne, London.

Hon. Mrs. Brougham, O .B.E. (Han. Secretary of the V.AD. Gift Fund). was introduced by Sir Edward Walling· ton. Her Royal Highness Princess Mary was accompanied by Lord Lascelles, Lady Joan Mulholland and Miss Yorke being in attendance. Every member of the deputation having been presented, Lady Ampthill read the following address, after which she presented the tiara :-

We have come this morning to offer to Your Royal Highness the present which has been sub· scribed to by 50,000 V.A.D. members of the Empire.

We are all intensely proud of the fact that Your Royal Highness is a Commandant in the Service, and everyone of these members who have given tu this gift wish us to express the deep affection and respect in which Your Royal Highness is held by V.AD.'s all over the world, and to offer you all their good wishes on Your Royal Highess's marriage to Lord Lascelles.

Princess Mary replied as follows :-

Dear Lady Ampthill, I am deeply touched at the beautiful present which has been given to me this morning by you on behalf of V.A.D. members from all oVer the Empire on the occasion of my approaching marriage.

Please tell them how grateful I am and how much I shall always value this benerous gift as the expression of the affectionate good wishes of the Service to which I am so proud to belong.

Her Royal Higness subsequently chatted for so me minutes with every member of the deputation

On the occasion of the marriage of Her Royal Hig hness Princess Mary to Lord Lascelles the undermention ed ladies were commanded by His Majesty the King to be present at Westminster Abbey as representatives of V.A.D. members throughout the Empire:-

Corn manda!lt the Hon Mrs. Brougham, O. B. E.

" Lady Robinson (Dominions).

" Mrs. Parsons, RR.C. (Scotland).

" Miss Beausire, R.R C. (Cheshir e).

" Mrs. Yolland (K e nt).

" Mrs. Tw eedale, RR.C. (East Lancs. ).

" Miss Farmer (Hampshire).

The Hon. Victoria Bruce (Princess Mary's V.A.D ).

Miss Hildred (London B.RC.S.).

Mrs. Bridger (London St. John of Jerusalem).

The deputation wore indoor uniform and occupi ed seats in the naive, from where they had an admirable vi ew of the ceremony.

Fifty V.A D. repres e ntatives nominated by eve ry county in England, under the command of Commanda nt Miss Hansley Smith, M.B.E., occupied 8. reserved space outside Buckingham Palace, from which they witnessed th e procession to and from the AbbeV, and they were sub se· quently in the forecourt of the Palace wh e n the Ro yal family appeared on the balcony.

Ambulanc e man who hurried to the aid of a wom an who fell in the street at Grimsby and was thought to hav e broken her leg, found that the broken limb was artificial.

The Middlebrough Central Division, S.J.A.B., int en d erecting a new hall. It is hoped to begin buildi ng operations about Easter. Meanwhile efforts are bein g made to raise the necessary money.

3J e

Colonel J. Amallt Jones, :\i. D., K.H.S., V.D., J.p. , of Duffryn, Llandaff, has been appointed hon. colon el) R.AM C., Welsh Division, in the place of Sir Jo h n Williams, Bart., G.C.V.O., resigned. Col. Arnallt Jone s is an executive officer of the Priory for Wales of the Ord er of the Hospital of Sl. John of Jerusalem, and Co m· missioner for the county of Glamorgan. He is also a Knight of Grace of the Order, with which he has bee n connected for the last '30 ycaes, and recently received his long service medal for service in the St. John Ambulanc e Brigade.

, . .

The new ambulance hall at Morecambe, forming th e headquarters of the local ambulance and nursing divisio n and St. John Ambulance Brigade, was opened, Feb. 22Dd , by Lord Derby. The building has been reconstructed a t a cost of about £5,000. The Hon. Surgeon of the More· cam be Division, Dr. H. F. Oldham, presented to Lor d Derby a silver key, and his Lordship, having opened th e doors, proceeded to the large hall, where the Mayo r (Atderman J. R. Birkett) presided over a crowde d assem bly. He was appointed by Colonel C. J. Trimbl e (Commissioner of NO.4 Districl), Major Pooley (Assistant Commissioner, of Dalton·in-Furness), Dr. Oldham, Dr. Molloy (Blackpool), Mr. A. J. Willis (Superintendent of the Morecam be Ambulance Division), Mrs. Tweedal e (Lady District Superintendent.in-Chief).

March , J 922.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIALCadet Division of the S.J.A.B.

Original Lectures by the Red Cross

DISTRICT REPORTSNo NO·3; NO·9 No. TO; No. 12

PRACTICAL POINTSFirst Aid in Mid-Air First Aid to Animals

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEOfficial Brigade Gazette

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. J obn of Jerusalem in England

Foreign Red Cross Nurses at S t. John 's Gate

V.A.D. Notes and News

Presentation of V.A.D Wedding Gift to V.AD. Commandant H.R.H. Princess Mary...

Br evities Commo n Errors in First Aid

The Birth and Early Days of Our Ambulance Trains in France, August, 1914, to April, 1915 '" ...

LETTERS TO THE EDITORFirst Aid in Iron and Steel Works

Nursing Sisters Uniform Lectures on First Aid

Sou th-Eastern and Chatham Railway QUER IES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSFractured Base of Skull Compound, Compli cat e:d Fracture of Thigh Shock from Abdominal Injury

AID -

We that all members of the Brigade will support the Benevolent Fund, for without adequate reserves It wlll be impos'5ible to make grants to necessitous At ?resent.we that there is about £600 10 hand, thiS sum IS qUIte msuffiient to meet the calls that may be made on the funds.

The No. I Distrl'ct of th B d d e rIga e ren ered splendid service on the occasion of Princess Mary's Wedding. were on duty about i50 men and 250 Nursing who had to deal with some 2000 cases mostly faintmg. The most numerous cases treated were outside the Westminster, TrafaJgar-square, and 10 the nelghbourhood of Buckingbam Palace. At the latt.er over 50 cases were treated during the forenoon, whlle qUIte a numb er of persons also required the service of the Brigade in the neighbourhood of Paddiogton, where large crowds assembled to see the departure of the Royal couple.

At a meeting of the voluntary workers of the British Red Cross and Order of St. John Hospital Library, 48, Queen's-gardens, Lancaster Gate, W.2 (which provides books and magazines to all hospitals, sanatoria and similar institutions), Lord Milner spoke in terms of warmest praise of the work being done. From his own experience, he found nothing so beneficial in convalescence as being able to have the companionship of books.

During the past year 163,603 books and magazines were distribute d; the work is still growing, and only by continuous gifts of books from the public is it possible to meet all the demands made on the library.

THIS year the Railway and Brigade competitions will not be held on the same day on account of the overcrowding which has been exp eri e nced during the last two competitions. The Ftnal Inter·Railway contest will take place on May 11th at the Cannon Str ee t Hotel. but the date of the Brigade contest has not yet been fixed, this will be held in co njunction with the new "Perrott II Shield Competition for Nursing Divisions, which is creating a good deal of in terest, the conditions for which have already been issue d. ***

The Earl of Plymouth announced at a meeting of the Grand Committee of the Priory of Wales of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, held this month, that Sir Owen Philipps would succeed him as Sub-Prior of the Priory of Wales' and added that he hoped they would be able to effect close co-operation with the Red Cross Society on the ines approved in 1919.

The Annual Health Congress of France met in Paris towards the end of last year and considered a report on the training and functiom: of health visitors (z'njirmieres visitettses) The congress passed the following important r eso lution: -

"That Parliament should take in hand at the earliest possible moment the Bill for creating, in connection with every medical faculty, schools for the trainin g of women health visitors in order to secure an adequate supply of qualifi e d women, in view of the urgent nec essity of extending public health.

"Further that the Health Bill now in preparation should provide for th e appointm e nt of cantonal health visito!'s, acting under the direction of the district medical officers, to administer the health measures prescribed by the heaith authorities or by the doctors practising within the cantoD.

-FIRST

Common Errors in FirstaAid. *

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S., Eng_

(Continued from page I23.)

CHAPTER VII.-POISONING.

IN my Aids to First-Aid I have .shown that First Aid with it 3 Objects-(r) preserve 11 fe, (2) prevent aggravatlOn of injury or condition, and (3) pr?vide proper tran.sport.; and that, whereas in actual practIce the .second object zs the main object, yet there are rare occasions in which the first object plays its part. The emerge?cies, for which active-as distinct from prev en tlve-Fust AId IS i ndicated, are those dealing with Hremorrhage, Asphyxia, Poisoning and Shock. In each of these, prompt decisions of First-Aiders followed by equally prompt actions may make all the difference between life and death to the patient.

Reference has been made in previous Chapters to the -curious way in which" combinations-of-three " constitute a remarkable feature of First-Aid. I would, therefore, first direct attention to those connected with Poisoning before I tabulate the" Common -Errors" associated with t he subject. Thus , there are 3 Ways of Poisoning-by mouth, by inhalation and by skin, the last two of which are dealt with under Asphyxia and Poisoned Wounds; 3 Pointscases of Poisoning being usually rare in their occurrence, always urgent in their dangers which permit littl e or no scope for error, and somei£mes difficult of diagnosis, since the signs and symptoms are often very indefinite; 3 Groups of Poisoning-by-mouth-Corrosive, Non-Corrosive and Food Poisons; 3 Kinds of Non-Corrosive Poisons-irritants, narcotics and convulsants; 3 EmeNcs-mustard, salt and ipecacuanha win e, though th e last-named unfortunately no lone:er figures in the Textbook; 3 Demulcent Drinksthe milk group (milk, cream, egg s and flour) indicated espec ially for the the oil.group (anima l and vege table) indicated espec ially for the Corrosives and Irritants, and the barley water and gruel group which is .our first choice for Phosphorus; aDd usually 3 Stages with each kind of poison, as detailed below.

The two outstanding errors made with reference to the study of Poisoning are (I) failure to appreciate that the C hapter of the Textbook devoted to this subject deals only with Poisoning-by-mouth, and (2 ) lack of interest in the subject, whereby the chapter does not always receive from students the attention which its importance demands, probably because these emergencies are so rare that many Firs t-Aiders complete a life-long practic e of their hobby without meeting with a single case of Poisoning.

Students often make the mistake of being over-anxious as to what they would do with this or that poison. The Textbook, however, lays down its General Rules in such a way ,that First-Aiders can deal with each and every possible poison taken by mouth, because it bases its classification and also £is treatment on one single sign, that is, the condition of the patient's lips and mouth, whether burned or not burned

The Textbook errs in that it lays undue stress on " the stain," whidt is a mere inddent in the burning of the tissues and is of interest only b ecause it may indicate the

* Messrs. Bale, Son and Danielsson, Ltd., hope to issue these a r ti cles, when complete, in book form.

AID.. - March. [922

special poison taken. Thus, Iodine will stain; but, since it does not burn t1, e lips, it requires an emetic at the first moment.

The test, therefore, for all poisons is the condition of the patient's lips and mouth. These provide suggest ive indications of the probable condition of tlz e stomac!z, on which the administration or witholding of an emetic depends. Thus, when the lips are burned as in Corrosive Poisoning, then the stomach may also be burned in places with consequent ulceration and wea kening, if not actual perforation, of its wall. If, therefore, an emetic be given to such a patient, fatal Collapse may be brought about (I) by local effects of poison on mouth, throat and stomach, (2) by perforation of stomach as the dir ec t outcome of the burning or of the ;tct of vomiting promoted by an em etic, or (3) by consequent escape of poison and stomach cont tnts into the peritoneal cavity.

Three: common p.r rors occur with the Narcotic Poisons. Thus, many students do not realise that under this term are included two distinct gro ups of poisons-derivatives of Opium and compounds of Carbon; (2) that both groups of poisons bring about 3 Stages of poisoning-the Opium group showing sleep, stupor, and coma (which WI;;! already know as the stages or degrees of Insensibility), and the Carbon group exhibiting sleep, delirium and slight asphyxia, the last named being due to partial paralysis of the R espiratory Centre and showing itself in "blueness of face ; II and (3) that pin-point pupils occur onl)1 with the Opium group and then only in the latter stages when the poison begins to exert its full effect on the brain centres.

Stud e nts often fail to realise that the stages of Irritant and Corrosive Poisoning are identical, except that the Corrosives produce immediate effe cts and more urg ent symptoms. With both groups, therefore, there are 3 Stages -local (burning pains in mouth, throat and stomach), gastric and intestinal (vomiting, purging, &c.), and nervous (Shock passing to Collapse).

In Treatment of Poisoning mistakes are often made in regard to th e doses of emetics and anti dot ts, which are somewhat difficult to remember because in the Textbook these are set out promiscuously in tablespoonfuls or ounc t- s, in tumblerfuls, in half-pints or pints. I may, therefore, help if I point out (r) that emetics and antidotes are given i n large quantities for the purpose of facilitating vomiting (often a difficult proposition by re aSOD of local and central paralysis) and of diluting and counteracting th e pO Ison ); (2) that, to obtain their full effect , they must be repeated when necessary; and (3) that the doses in tablespo01ifuls per pint are Epsom Salts, r ; Mustard, Chalk and Magnesia, 2 Condy's Fluid, 3 ; Salt, 4; Vinegar and Lemon Juice, 20.

Emetics tend to fail because throat, stomach and nervous system are often partially paralysed. Th ey must, therefore, be swallowed rapZ"dly in gulps, just as Sal Volatile succeeds best if administered slowly in sips. Som e students e rr in suggesting bicarbonate of soda and washing soda as antidotes for Corrosive Acids. These remedies no longer figure in the Textbook, becaus e with Oxalic Acid they form a more soluble and easily absorbed poison; and because with all Acids they effervesce, and throw off Carbonic Acid gas which may distend (and even rupture ) a stomach weaken e d by corrosive poison.

In view of this danger which is pres e nt when Acids react with Alkaline Carbonates (of which chalk whitenin g, bicarbonatp. of soda, and washing soda are familiar ex-amples), the antidotes must in these cases be given in small quantities and freely diluted with water. Further, with Oxalic Acid lime salts (e.g., plaster) are specially indicated

March, 1922. -FIRST

because salts of potash and ammonia (ltk e those of soda) combine ther e with to form solubl e poisons. •

By the way, some stud e nts in exa mination rattle off the whol e Jist of antidotes. as though they proposed to treat their patients to a full meal of all va rieties named, whereas the Textbook gives a first choice and only sugges ts other antidotes as substitutes.

The advice to wash out the mouth (before allowing patient to swallow) is now unfortunately withdrawn from the T e xtbook. This, however, is a most necessary st ep in in treatment, be cause some of the poison-b l;: this corrosive or non-corrosive-may still be pr esent in the mouth, and is likely to be passed into the stomach.

Much doubt usually exists with regard to the" several nervous symptoms n associated with CarbOlic Acid. These are symptoms of grave Collapse, referable to re spiratio n and unconsci o usness-viz , rapid, shallow breathing, ending in stertor; and insensibility (with loss of all reflex movements) passing to coma and possibly to de'lth. Some authorities claim th at Tincture of Iodine is a better a ntidote for Carbolic Acid than Epsom Salts, which is of doubtful value. Personally, I know that once I burned my hand with a mixture ot Carbolic Acid and Ep50m Salts; that the scar still remains, and that a mixture of Carbolic and Tincture of Iodine in equal parts produced no illeffeCt. By the way, all the special poisons detailed in Textbook ar e associated with profound Collapse.

Errors are frequent in rega rd to Prussic Acid, which is a most pc>tent, non-corrosive nerv ::!- poison. It, therefore, requires an emE:.tic at the earliest moment l l::st loss of consciousness interven e. It is peculiar ( I) in that it acts eq ually quickly whether swallowea, inhaled, or applied ext ernally, that is, in the thr ee ways by which poisons may be introduced into the body; and (2) in that it shares with Cyanide of Potassium the distinction of being the exception to the rule of withholding alcoholic stimulants. Note also that with th ese poisons th e stimulant must be "given freely."

With Strychnine the arched-back position is only assumed durilzg the convulsion , which may last one, two, or three minut es, and IS followed by profound Collapse-so that a patient may dIe eit her from Asphyxia or Collapse. This sequence is rapidly repeated, and 1n fatal cases the convulslOns tend to increas e in frequency and severity. The " if possible " of the Tex t book means that artificial respiration is only" pos sibl e" while pati e nt's muscles art: relaxed, viz, in the Collapse stage; and that it impossible to do this while patient is in convulsions.

The Textbook gives for doubt and error because it sets out no less than four differ ent instructions for performing respiration, those for Strychnine and Prussic Acid being pecuHar in that this treatment must be " wheth er breathing has ceas e d or not. " The lesson whIch the Textbook seeks to teach is that with these poisons profound Collapse may set in so quickly and prove so rapidly fata l that it is futile to wait until breathing has completely ceased. Recognition of this fact will empha sis e the supreme importance of th e early adoption respiration, in cas es of Strychnine and Prussic ing, and esptcially with the latter poison, whIch IS elImInated from the body almost as quickly as it is absorbed.

I confess that not one of the four indications given in the T ex tbook for starting artificial respiration conveys to my mind the correct idea, since cessation of respiration is the true indication. If, however, we combine all four instructions, we get the desired result-" 11 breatlzing is seen to be about to cease or cannot be discerned."

Potassium Permanganate is the antidote for Venomous

AID.- T43

Snake Bite and for Opium Poisoning btcause it oxidise s snlkt venom and also morphine which is poisonous element of Opium. In the treatment of Narcotic Poisoning, therefor e, Permanganate of Potash is indicated for all members of Opium group but has no effect on those of the Carbon group. The latter have no special antidote and must be treat ed on general principl es, care being taken to administer emetic quickly, to keep patient warm (a nticipate collaps e) and to keep him awake (prevent stupor passing to coma) .

Corrosive Sublimate, by reason of its name, is a source of error witn some students who hesit<"\te to give an e metic Though it may produce corrosive effects, yet ii: is classed among the Irritants and requir es an as early as possible, because its action, compared with that of Corrosive Acids and Alkalies, is slower in onset and less intense in effect. Indeed, ulceratio n (with perforation) of the stomach is commonly found with the latter but is extremely rare with Corrosive Sublimate

It is a very common error to confuse "Iodine" with Tincture of Iodine (which is a 2 per cent. alcoholic solution of Iodine and may be internally) and to withhold an emetic because it "stains." Iodine, how eve r, is an irritant, not a corrosive, poison, and is not accompanied by risk of ulceration of stomach. For this reason an emetic should be administere d at once, and followed up with starch paste diluted with water as antidote.

CHAPTER VIII.-SHOCK, &c.

Th e importance of the condition known as Shock is such that it merits careful consideration, esp"cially as errors are frequently made as to its significance and its treatment. In deed, it has been said that, if a patientafter serious accident or in sudden severe illness-be properly prot e ct ed from Shock, then his ultimate recovery is positively assured. ._

Three points, therefore, requIre attentIOn. Thus (I) Shock is one of 3 Degrees of of Nervous System which accompany injury and Syncope and Collapse being the other two; (2) Shock IS the commonest of the 3 Da ngers with which First Aid dea_ls-Hremorrhage and S epsi s being the other two; and are often intimately associated together 10 local IOJunes, such as wounds, burns, etc. ; and (3) Shock is the result of the combined disturbance of 3 Organs-Brain, Spinal Cord, and Heart-through which the CIrcu lation of blood is supposed to fail owing to its stagnation in the smaller bloodvessels.

With Syncop e, Shock and Collapse First-Aiders. often have to combat the popular fallacy that the right thmg to do when faintness and inst;nsibility threaten, is to get up and walk about. On the contrary, a recumbent position is indicated to rest th e heart which is unable to send sufficient blood to the brain, an effect expressed ?y increasi.ng pallor of the face, which is daDg er SIgn aL WIth Syncope the failure of th e heart IS th.e actIDg

While most First-Aiders recognIse thIS, my txpenence proves that in three ways th ey often fail to put their knowledge to practical application. First, .t?ey do not place their patient at once in pO_SItJOrJ to resort to a dos e of Sal VolatIle or to stImul at Ion With smelling salts. Secondly. they do not lower head alld shoulders slightly below body-l evel whereby the return blood to brain is automatically facilitat ed ; or, alterD:attvely. they place patient's head on lower _plane than hIS whereby some interference With larynx and breath.mg results. Thz"rdly, they do not turn head to SIde, a step in treatment, which anticipates th e pOSSibility of

-FIRST

patient vomiting during .his rec07ery from Shock (often .the first sign of commencIng recovery). or of the vomIted matter passing into larynx and causIng death by suffocation.

(To be concluded).

The Birth and Early Days of Our Ambulance Trains in France, August, 1914 to April, 19 15.

By COL. G. A. MOORE, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.B.

(Continued from page I28.)

AT a.m. on August 3 [st, we started off, bound for Attiche. On the way we pulled at Creil where we met our sister trains Nof'. 2, 3 and 4, which had just arrived after many vicissitudes. That day we had a great out among the three trains of the Paris and other eqUlpment saved from Rouen Th e se were of all kinds-lamps, crockery, cooking appliances, oil, carbide, and the hundreds of articles required for th e sick and woundt:d men. The next day thp "Franco British," for such with fitting ceremony we had christened our train, left Creil and arrived at Le Bourget. Here I first saw a hostile aeroplane being shelled, and several German "Taubes" making for Paris The enemy was now in Compiegne and things generally looked nasty.

On the evening of September 5th the "Franco-British" reached Noisy-Ie-Sec, and later Veroeuill'Etang. Here we took over from field ambulance Nos. 1 and 2 and a Cavalry field am bulance many sick and wounded, including some German and captured spies. Later we pulled up at St. Pierre de Corps. Septem ber 6th saw she "FrancoBritish)) sp ee ding down toward the sea to St. Nazaire, a long journey o f some sixty-four hours at least in those early days of the war.

Nantes was rcached in the evening of September 7th. Here we handed over all our sick and wounded, and turning round started again for the scen e of the fighting. On the evening of the 8th, passing Villeneuve, we pulled up at Coulommlers, which had bpen evacuated by the Germans two days before. By this time "Franco-British" had been transformed into a very suitable hospital; groups of carriages had been portioned off as wards for the various surgical and medical cases; store-rooms and offices installed, and th,= well-equi pp e d kitchens were in full swing. Harmony, too, in a special degree, existed between our French fellow-workers and ourselves. Our composite train was proving a great success.

At Coulommiers we took on our train eighty badly wounded cases which had been Drought to the railhead by the Royal Army Service Corps motor supply wagons returning empty from victualling the Divisions-rough conveyances, but the be st obtainable under the existing conditions. (There were no motor am bulances in France in those days.) The eighty cases soon became 230, and with these we left again (via Le Mans) for St. N azaire, the only port th e n open for the ern barkation of our sick from France.

There was no means of inter-communication between the carriages on this train, and this rendered the to be given by us to these badly wounded men a difficult

AID.-

March. 1922

and dangerous matter, lOuolving trips along the footboards while the train was speeding along on its sixty-four hour journey. Our orderlies were splendid, and th e ir devotion to their wounded comrades was just wonderful.

Th e splendid hospital ship "Asturias" awaited the arrival of our train, and soon after dawn on September loth we placed 250 patients in her comfortable cots. This fine ship was torp'!doed by the enemy later on, a great loss to our med ical service

The" Franco-British" for the convenience of our service was now rechristened "No. 6 ambulance train ." I I now found to my regret orders to hand over the tram and proceed to Le Mans to endeavour to obtain more trains for our ambulance service With my faithful orderly-clerkcook-friend, Cpl- c., of the London Telephone Service, a start was made at once, and Le Mans reached on September 12th.

At Le Mans, after very considerable difficulty, I obtained interviews with local chiefs of the Railway Services, French and British. I represented the very urgent need of more ambulance trains for the evacuation of the wounded from our forces fighting for their lives around Paris.

After many disappointments and delays, I left a certain " great man's" office with a promise that two trains would arrive at the main station, Le Mans, the following morning, and be at my disposal. In great delight I hurried off to ear-mark in the local shops some hundreds at pounds' worth of stores, utensils, etc., necessary for the equipment of the expected trains. By great good fortune I met the Matronin-Chief of our Armies, who helped me to choose what was required. The weather was very hot (no Ford cars or conveyances were available in those days), and the brace at "ambulance carriage seekers " were dog-tired men when billets were reached at midnight, but very happy, nevertheless, at the success of their day's work.

N ext morning at 6 o'clock, I hurried off to the main station, interviewed the stationmaster, only to find that the two promised French trains had ind t ed arrived at 3 a.m. and 4 a.m. respectively, but had each left after an hour's stay. Imagine my rage and disappointment! Ever pre se nt was the thought of our hundreds of poor wounded men up north, whose one chance of being brought down to the sea and home was dependent entirely on our success in getting the necessary ambulance train transport. Then again, what happened? Could an officer have broken his word to me? Impossible! Perhaps, in some way with my imperfect knowledge of th e language, I had not made things sufficiently plain to him. I do not know. This was no time to give up, so anoth e r interview came about; a long and very unpleasant one. Later, the same day, to my delight, I rec eived from the" great man" orders: "Go at once to Villeneuve, near Paris, and you will find what you have asked for." Collecting Major D-- and fifty men, Royal Army Medical Corps, the first train going north was boarded, and on the night of September 14th we pulled up at Villeneuve Triage, a veritable Crewe, some miles south of Paris. Hardly waiting for our train to stop I leapt out and to my joy on a neighbouring siding saw two French trains, very suitable for transformation into ambulance trains, waiting for me !

You should have seen our men working to get the new trains ready; th ere was little pausing even for meals or sleep. All knew well the urgent need of getting ambulance trains on the line at once; they knew that if we failed to do so, it would mean delay, and that delay would spell suffering to hundreds of our wounded up at the front anxiously awaiting removal to base hospitals. Parties scoured

March, 1922, -FIRST

the towns and villages for utensils, stores, kitchen ranges' etc. , and on the evening of September 15th, No. 5 ambulan ce train, fully equipped, left for the front. Two days later Major W-- and forty-five men arrived from down cou ntry and followed on NO.7 on the 18th inst., a re ally fine performance in speedy work.

It is hard to describe in cold print how we all fe lt a bo ut our train and carriages in those days. Well, th ey were just living things to us all; for example, a 2nd class carr iage of five compartments meant more than just what t hat expresses in ordinary parlance; eve ry such on e we cou ld get, borrow or seek out, meant that at least two badly wounded men in each of its compartments could be brought In comfort to the base, and horne. Carriages, vans, vans a nd carriages were just everything to us; they meant for o ur splendid wounded m en hopes of horne restor e d, courage s ustai ned, lives saved.

At this period of severe fighting and heavy casualties when England and France had almost miraculously stopped t he rush of the advancing Hun, the strain on all services wa s almost ov e rpow eri ng-railway servi ces were dislocated, c om munication with other branch es of the service interr up ted, and so we found ourselves largely "on our own." T his, howev e r, is often no drawback when the work has to b e done quickly

At the large railway station at Villeneuve Triage we h a d no hospital but only a slightly equipped medical aid p ost for the trea tm en t of the local sick. Heavy fighting wa s now in progress on the Ri ver Aisne, and am bulance trai ns full of wounded k ept continually passing t hrough our stat ion ; 1,500 cases on September 18th alone. On th e t he 17th, one such train stopped with imperative orders to us to unl oad it and return it at once to the front. The si tua tion for us on that day was not a simple one. Over 50 str e tcher cases alone required carrying by hand to our ai d post, a dist ance of over half a mile in pelting rain. To tr a nsfer and attend to these patients we had only 3 medical offi cers, 6 orderli es, and 2 cooks. Things looked black !D deed, when II out of the blue" appeared 25 0 of the L o ndon Scottish who had just arrived, heard of our diffic ultie s, and offered their services. All through the day a n d night th ese splendid men worded for us, and by 7 p.m. we had been able to get the worst of 1So cases under s helter and fed, and had begun to dre ss their wounds. L itt le headway could the three medical officers and six o rde rlies have made among such numbers had not again t he marvellous happened.

Up to the door of our aid post came an officer in Red C ross uniform . He explained that he was Dr. Braithwaite in charge of the Am erican ambulance at N euilly; that h earing of our difficulty he had motored from Paris with t hree oth er surg eons, instruments, ample dr e ss ings, etc., a n d that he wished to placed himself at our service 10 every way, and finally that he had ordered his fleet of motor ambulances (the first I had seen in France) to fo llow him out to m. In these he promised to take to Paris hospitals any of our CJs es requiring operation. I gra tefully accepted his offer, and the removal of the most sui table cases commenced at once

As if by magic, out of th e ranks of the London Scottish stepped four sergeants and private s, all qualified d octors, also some medical students, and with them their r eg imental surgeon, th e gallant Captain McNab, who was k illed in action a little later on while attending to one of h is beloved "London Sc ott ies" in their front trenches. F rom somewhere too, I know not where, dropped three q ualified lady doc t ors-fine they were, and splendidly they

AI D.-

145

work e d all night and day, snatching a few hours ' sleep in a truck.

What a transformation ! Our large air post shed, whIch up to 1 that morning ' had been occupied by som e half-dozen lJght cast: s, at 4.30 p.m. was a huge and well-lIghted ward With some 200 patients (officers and men), many of whom were dangerously wounded. Looking after them you wou ld have seen 12 surgeons , male and femaJe 6 Royal Army Medical Corps orderlies and 100 from the L o nd on Scottish.

From to time motor am bulances kept arriving to take the cases to Paris, and by nightfall ninety of the worst were in bed and comfort at N euilly. Long before dawn the remainder had been dr essed and give n their much needed sleep. In my recollection this day will always stand as "Miracle Day."

(To be contz'nued.)

fetters to the t;ditot'.

We are in no way resjGnsibie tor tke opinions expressed, 0" he statements made, b7 Co nespondcnts.-EDITOR, ETC.

FIRST AID IN IRON STEEL WORKS.

DEAR EDITOR,- The articles of the medical men in the February issue of FIRST AID on carbon monoxide gas po isoning are most instructive to us first aid students who work in blast furnaces.

I find in perusing same that the bone of contention is "resting the patient, or giving him ambula tory treatment. " P erhaps in giVIng the percentage composition of b last furnace gas Will show that our diagnos is is not wrong :Hydrogen, 3 0; carbon monoxide, 28 '0; nitrogen, 58 0; marsh gas, 1 0; carbon dia-oxide, 10'0.

We have found out by practiral e xperience that after breathing has been restored by Sch a efer 's method on a man that has been gassed by blast furnace gas, if left resting in either a lying or sitting position will just fall asleep, and it takes twice a" much hard wOlk to bring him back to the cond ition he was in, before he was allowed to rest.

Surely, out of the hundreds of cases we have had during the last few Yf'a rs, some of them must have had weak hearts. Up to now (touch wood ) we have not had one fatal.

We had occasion a few years ago to call in one of our local medical men to a man who was gassed, and after attending to him the doctor passed these remarks. "All those men should be dead with the amount of gas they have inhaled."

We were t old that this man had a weak heart, that is why we got the doctor. The man had our usual e.g., artificial respiration, oxygen and ambulator exerCise, before the doctor arriv ed, and the doctor s advice was, "Carryon with your treatment. "

I n ambulatory treatment of gas cases, we find that if a patient be walked about he is going to have his whole muscular system in a greater degree of activity than it will be when he is lyIDg down resting..

There is no doubt the lDcreased breathIng dUrIng the muscular exertion hastens the elimination of the carbon monoxide through the lungs. During the walking period, we have a rubber bag with face piece attached, fill ed With oxygen (warm preferred) and as the man is going along we give him the cootents also stimulants and a little soda water.

When able to walk alone, he is on his way to complete recovery, we allow him to rest, wrapped up, in the fresh air drinking hot coffee, watching him for fear of a relapse.

Once we get a man up on to his feet we have never had to

-FIRST

start artificial respiration over again through \'valking the man about. We give them more oxygen.

\\'e have men gassed that show the following symptoms: No control over legs, arms or mouth, some are red in the face, others pale, some seizure like an epiliptic fit, others hold them· selves rigid, others when partly revived ramble in their talk and are able to recognise anyone or any object (ammonia bottle and oxyen is given). Another man, during the walking exercise, would lift his legs up, knees bent, and start to squal, he was one of eight men gassed through a leakage in a 8 ft. dia. gas tube. The man who rescued him received the O.RE., Carnegie medal and certificate, gold watch, etc.

Let me give the account of our last gassing case.

A bricklayer was working inside of a blast furnace that is at present damped down, after being inside for about five minutes he came out into the fresh air, looking quite alright, no sooner than he was out he collapsed into the arms of a man standing by gassed (breathing stertorous ) The ambulance man who was in attendance whipped out his ammonia bottle and applied some to his nostrils, and inside three minutes the gassed man was standing alone, and all he got was a drink of hot coffee and was walked about on top of the furnace.

Perhaps some of your readers who work in blast furnaces and gas clearing plants will give their experiences.-Yours, &c., " LABELLIST."

NURSING SISTERS UNIFORM.

SIR,- Whilst waiting for the Royal Wedding Procession in the Mall I and my friends were much interested in watching the splendid work done by St. JOhn Ambulance nurses at an ambulance station close by our position. Their servicp.s were most effiCIently rendered, and one realised what a boon such work is to the general public on these occasions.

There was one point, however which struck us all and one of my friends thought-no doubt from his view-that it would do more harm to draw your attentIOn to It.

Why-.in name of sense-put the nurses into a umform which IS an absolute hlOdrance to them in their work?

I refer to the flowing cloak, and the unsuitable bonnet with strings. Ask any hospital matron or nurse or doctor whether they consider it a suitable uniform. could see how hampered the nurses were who wore this uniform when they had to stoop and kneel by the side of a patient. There were others on duty who were in a sort of V.A.D. uniform-straw hat and long black buttoned coat with sleevesand they not ?nly much smarter, but were also better able to deal WIth their ca'Ses when stooping over them as they lay on the stretchers.

old-fashiond all over the place, and the nurse s <l:rms are Impeded 10 actIon. The bonnet string-s must be a nUIsance most uncomfortable. The bonnet itself affords no protection to the head from wet when it rains not from the heat of the sun in summer.

I chatted with some of the nurses on the subject and that all those who ba? any hospital expe:ience dunng the war were most decIded 10 their opinions that the cloak and bonnet were hopeless for effIcient duty. I t was only the older nurses who were in favour of the Old uniform and no dou?t they had never worn anything else, and so could not appreciate the ben fits of the other.

Their arguments in favour of the cloak and bonnet were-

I. That it had always been their uniform.

4· That the police were able to recognise them at once by It.

These two arguments, however, are very weak ones In the first place, what was good enough twenty years ago is not good enough for to·day. "Efficiency" is, I believe, of the mottoes of the St J Ambulance, and to be efficient one must move the meso St. John Ambulance needs badly to remodel ItS UnIform for street duty at once. Then, secondly, and here I can speak from an inner knowledge long as the nurses wear the St. John Badge on their hat

AID.- March, 1922.

uniform, that is all the Police want. .1t is by the Badge lite nut'ses are known.

I have intense admiration for the splendid voluntary work done by the members of the Association, and I would urge in its best interests that its Board of Managment rule that all nurses detailed for street duty, were for the future the neat and serviceable V.A.D. straw hat and coat with sleeves imtead of the out-of-date and cumbersome bonnet and cloak.YOurs very truly,

A

MAN IN THE STREET

LECTUHES ON FIRST AI D.

DEAR SIR,-I can fully endorse the letter of "I ntereste d" in your January number.

Before the war I knew of three or four who were willi!lg to give their and were thoroughly capable of a class both mterestmg and useful, but this is far fro m belllg the case now.

If class is fortunate enough to find any doctor to gIves the lectures gratuitously, it would ne ver do to conSIder whether he has any aptitude for impart ing kno,",:ledge, after all, is a gIft which does not necessa rIly go With medical degrees. The result of this is that the doc tor gives official six lectures, and after he has departed, the first aldt:r gIves the real (and simple) instruction for the fXam the work much more difficult on account of the wron i Im pressIOn conveyed by the doctor as to the scope of the work.

To turn to finance. If the class is to be popular tr.e fee should not be than 5s., thIS means that you must have a class of at least twenty to cover the doctor's fee (say £2 2S. for the course), exam, postage, etc. Should the numbers fall below that figure, the promoter pays.

Your suggestion of central lectures has one great dra 'lli' back, namely, it means large classes and no personal tou ch. As a Division Supt. I have found that when I or one of the officers of our Division, have given the practical' instruction at the small classes, a large percentage joined the Divis ion soon as eligible. When the class has been large, or entirely IDstructed by a d?ctor, the members have simply taken the exam and then drifted, though invitations have been sent to them to attend drills, or any special lectures and the doct or has himself urged them to join.

What I suggest is that an exam should be held on the of the which was held during the war, at WhICh the candIdates should be required to give a lecture before the doctor or doct?rs, al!d show real ability to impa rt knov.ledge. That thiS certIficate should entitle the holder to give all the except two. That a doctor should give on Resplralion and Nervous Systems and one on Circu latIOn and In this way it would often be possib le to pay a reasonable fee for two lectures when it would be impossible to do so for six.-Yours truly, " ENTHUSIA ST IC. "

. The first of the four competitions for the "Gibson " ShIeld was held on Sunday, March 5th, at the Huntingdo nstreet Schools, Nottingham. Fourteen teams entered an d the result is so close that great interest will be in the three competitions. The Judges were Dr. Crawford (VIva voce), Dr. Cutts - Wood Practical and Major Spaight, Team Test. " ,

Ii:

We regret to announce the death of Dr. A. J. Helm e Montague which took place at Retford on March roth He form.ed the Worksop Division of the St. John Ambulance Bngade many years ago, and it is entirely due to his efforts and enthusiasm that the movement was so successful in the town.. pro Montague was the District Surgeon of the No. 5 DistrIct and was an Honorary Associate of th e Order.

March, 1922 -.FIRST

The South=Eastern and Chatham

Railway.

THE annual distribution of awards to those members of the Centre who have rendered first aid of outstanding merit, and in other ways promoted the ambulance movement were presented on February roth by Sir Alfred Smithers, who was supported by other directors and officers of the Company. There was a large body of ambulance men present from all parts of the system.

During the past year r, 97 first aid certificates have have been)ssued, whIch show an increase of 256 over the total for 19 9, :-:-hich is evideuce that interest is well ma intained.

A medal of special design is presented to members of the staff passing an ambulance examination seven years in succession, and no less than 65 men have qualified for this award; whilst 307 men have passed no less than fourteen years in succession, becoming entitled to the silver me dal of the Centre.

First aid has been rendered by members of the staff dur ing the past twelve months in no less than 5,156 inst ances, making a total of 59,354 cases since the formation of the Centre in 1905.

The S.E. & C.Ry. District of the St. John Ambulance Bri gade still continues to increase in membership, and there are now 24 Divisions fully formed, with a memb ership of over 1,000.

The interest taken in the ambulanc e movement on the S.E. & c. Rlv. by members of the staff of all grades has aga in been evidenced by the fact that the stationmasters, ins pectors, locomotive foremen and General Ambulance Fu nd has tllis year succeeded in collecting no less a sum tha n £ r 2 7 8s 6d. for presenting prizes to ambulance men per forming meritorious acts of first aid, and by other me ans encouraging the staff to take up the work

The annual competitions for the Directors Challenge Shie ld and other prizes were held again this year.

The Hither Green No. 1 Team, representing the S E & c. Rly. in the Inter-Railway was succes sful in qualifying for the final competition.

It is a fact that, while most other companies find it necessary to adopt special measures for securing a continuance of the intertst in the first aid work on their respective sys tems, the attendance at classes on the S.E. & c. Rly. has aga in shown a considerable improvement over the war per iod, and there is ample evidence that the number of me n obtaining the quaHying certificate this ye ar-and aft er all, these are what count-will be quite equal to, if not better than the figures shown for 192 I.

The Committee are determined to concentrate on sec uring the interests of the meID:ters .of the not hitherto thought it worth thea whtle to qualtfy In FIrst Ai d to the Injured, and look forward with confidence to the S.E. & c. Rly. maintaining its reputation amongst ot her railways not only for efficiency in First Aid work, bu t for the of members of the staff qualified to do the right thing at the right time.

Awards made by the Station Masters, Inspectors, L ocomotive Foreign and General Ambulance Fund for meritorious first aid rendered during the year ;-

John Silverwood (Ashford WorkS).

Signalman Hawker (Bricklayer's Arms).

Al D.-

C.lerk W. H. Smith (Charing Cross).

J. Bond (Rotherhithe Road).

WIllIam H. TaYlor (Rotherhithe Road).

Platelayer S. Godwin (Catford).

Checker W. J. T. Hall (Folkestone Harbour).

Porter 0 Wratten (Folkestone Harb m ).

147

Manne Porter H. V. Croucher (Folkeslone HarbOur).

Foreman S. Marsh (Deal).

Collector W. Pockn,:ll (Deal).

Controller H. D xon (Rothernithe Road).

Signalman G. Cook (Rotherbithe Road).

Thomas Lmcefield (A.,hfield Works).

Frederick Goldsmith (Ashfield Works)

Carriage Cleaner Vldler (Beckenham )

Labeller Eudee (Victoria).

Plumber's Mate F. Chandler (Swanley).

Ganger A. Nicholls (Charing Cross).

Signalman Sills (Coulsdon).

Train Callc::r S. Stringer (Red Hill)

Inspector Brindley (Reading).

Marine Porter J. Parker (Dover Harb our).

Platelayer J. Hougham (Ramsgate Town).

Plumber W. H. Miller (Angerstein WOlks).

In addition to the awards abOve, the undermenlioned grants have also been made :-

£ ro. For the purchase of Surgical Aid Letters for the benefit of am bulance men and their families.

£5 5s Deal and Walmer Division.

£5 5s. Dover Division.

£5 55. Chipstead Valley Division.

£5 5S• London Bridge Nursing Division.

A grant of £5 55. each has been made to th e funds of each of the above· mentioned Divisions which have recently been formed, and which are attached to the S E. & c. Ry. District of the St. John Ambulanc Brigade.

On February I4th the members of the Abergavenny Division of th e St. John Ambulance Brigade held a whist drive and dance at the Drill HalL The was organised to assist the funds of the Brigade. Numerous valuable prizes were given by local tradesmen, and were presented to the successful players by Sir Zachariah Wheatley and Dr. Mrs Lloyd. After presenting the prizes Sir Zachariah Wheatley stated that he had been requestt:d to present to Supt. Nicholls the Long Service Medal of the Brigad e The award, he explained, was only given to those mem bers of the Brigade who had served for 15 consecutive years and had been successful at every annual examination. It represented something which could not be bought, but was an emblem of devoted service. It gave him the greatest possible pleasure to be there and to have the honour of presenting this award to Supt. Nicholls. Sir Zachariah Wheatley then presented the medal to Supt. Nicholls, upon whose uniform it was pinned by Mrs. Lloyd.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid "

eueries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

2ueries 'Will be dealt 'Witk under tke jollo'Wing rules :-

I.-Letters containinl, Queries must be marked on tke top left kana corner of tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FlRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

:I.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro" the current issue oj tke Journal, or in case oj Queries from abroa( from a recent issue.

Textbook, to which. reference may be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

FRACTURED BASE OF SKULL.

F. S. (Slough),-What should be done for a man who, falli.ng on his head sustains a Fracture of Base of Skull WIth profuse bleeding from the nose. While I recognise that it is the duty of a First-Aider to arrest once, yet I wonder whether this should be don.e m. thIS because it seems to me that the bleedmg IS Nature S Safety Valve and that its arrest would cause severe Compression of Brain. Please advise us ?

If it were possible to cork up the bleeding vessel, then such treatment might" cause sevt're Compression. " As, however, this is neither advisable. nor and as the may be coming from a vessel m the Immg of the nose Itself, the right thing to do is to obey the Textbook (p. 105 ) and follow its instructions modified to comply with recumbent position necessitated by the Fractured Base. Otherwise, patient might die on the spot from Shock due t? the bleedmg before medical aid can be obtained. Of two eVIls choose the lesser!

By the way, if you are thinking of the risks associated with plugging the ear in cases of Fractured Base, then the structure of the nose being essentially different from that of the ear, the possibilities and dangers of a plug do not apply with the former.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

COMPOUND, COMPLICATED FRACTURE OF THIGH.

E. H. (Sharlston).-A man "racking in" a coal cutting machine fell on the cutting chain, which almost severed his leg just above the knee, breaking the femur and severing the femoral artery. Please tell us 'how we should combine our treatment of these injuries?

Which is the more serious injury? Surely, the torn femoral artery is, since patient may die within four minutes, if the bleeding is unchecked. Therefore you must apply your tourniquet at once ; and, this done efficiently, you can concentrate on the fractured thigh, remembering that the Textbook (p. 49) warns you against pulling on the lower fragment" with a compound fracture when the bone protrudes." Refer also to Answer given in August, 1921 issue.-N.C.F.

AI D.- March, 192:2.

I regarded him as "winded" and treated accordin gly keeping recumbent, loosening clothes, covering warmly , by massage to abdominal muscles, &c. half-an-hour he seemed to recover partially and was able to swallow a cup of tea which seemed to revive him further. I then trie d to get him to walk; but he dragged his legs as though paralysed. At this point the doctor, for whom I had sent, arrived; and, on examination, thought that there was possibly some injury to the spleen. As the collapse las ted for two-and-a-half hours, I am wondering if I was at fa ult in my treatment.

From your report, I take it that the Shock was so seve re that in the early stages the possibility of Concealed ( intern al) H ::c: morrhage due to injury to spleen had to be considere d. The progress of the case, however, seems to have proven th a t it was a case of "severe winding"-that is, Shock due to th e irritation of the Sympathetic Nervous System and espec ially that portion of it known as the Solar Plexus, a condition wh ich may bring about almost instantaneous death from syncope. Under these circumstances your treatment was perfe ctly sound, since you treated for Shock, as laid down in Textb ook (p. 143)· By the way, we discussed this condition in the August, I920 and December, I921, issues.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF BLEEDING

J. B. (Oldham).-In a recent competition there was an in dividual test in which a man was supposed to be stand ing on a ladder and cleaning the gas-lamp outside his shop 0" a rainy day. He stumbles and seizes with both hands the lamp which breaks in his hands. He walks down thtladder; but collapses at the foot of the ladder. Wh en seen, he presents signs suggestive of severe Shock and is bleeding profusely and ill spurts from both hands.

Now, Sir, I ask if it is quite in order that the t wo bearers, attending to this patient, should raise him to h is feet, flex his forearms temporarily at elbows, while a th ird person lifts up his feet in order that the patient may b e removed at once to shop before any further examination IS made. Please tell us what you think of such a test?

I consider that this test also is an excellent one and th at its solution is correct and" quite in order. " First, I note th at that patient "walks down the ladder. ;' Therefore I gath er that there is no injury other than bleeding from Palmar Arch es. Secondly, I note" on a rainy day " and I think of aggravatio n of Shock consequent on exposure in a case of arterial bleedin g. I think also of "risks incurred " by First-Aiders who have a duty toward themselves (Textbook, p. 20) and who might late r on develop pneumonia as the result of chill and soakinll clothe s. I consider, therefore, that immediate removal to shop is urgent ly indicated.

I confess, however, that I would have preferred to remo ve patient by "human stretcher" method; and that this shou ld be done by one bearer and the bystander while the other bearer concentrates on the bleeding and keeps up continuous pressure by flexion at elbows.-N.C.F.

The ambulance depicted IS a standardised Austin vehicle. Its chassis IS that of the "Austin Twenty" car , noted for its silent runnmg and the flexible pulling of the splendid engme. Stretchers are loaded by sliding them up rails, which hinge and fold inside. The top stretcher is lifted into position by simple winding gear. When the front sliding door is open it lifts the attendant's seat- automatically. As supplied to Government order.

SHOCK FROM ABDOMINAL INJURY.

J. W. B. (Cars halton-on-Hill ). -During a fight with a schoolfellow, a boy was partially stunned by a blow on his nose. As he fell forward, his opponent hit him bard in the pit of the stomach (ov er the solar plexus). He immediately collapsed with marked twitchings of limbs and eyelids.

COMPOUND FRACTURE OF RIBS.

F. G. (Wolv erhampton ) writes that his treatment of Compoun d Fracture of RIbs has been very st'verely criticised. He asks, therefore, for the correct treatment (I) when bon e protrudes, and (2) when no bone protrudes, though th e wound leads down to fracture, the lung in each caSe bein g uninjured. For both conditions, he sugge:;ts that th e wound should be drebsed, two broad bandages applie d round the chest, and the upper limb supported in larg e

-FIRST

arm.slin g. Hi s critics, however say that the bandages r o un d b od y would cause further injury.

Why s ho ul d they ? The pressing danger this is sept Ic in fe c tion of the wound, .agamst w.hlch specIal precaut io n s must be taken; and the fisk of turnIng the compound fr ac ture into a co m pound, c ompl ic ated one is practically nil, provide d h at the b a ndages are applied as the Textbook ( p 49) tea c hes, " firml y but not tightly. " Under these c ircums tan ces, I a gree th at your treatment is perfectly sound and also c orre ct.-N. C. F.

TR EAT'\IENT O F F RA CTURED -P AT ELL A.

J. B ( Oldh a m ) - In a recent competition there was an indivi du a l tes in wh ic h a man, at a football ground on a cold wint er s dd y, was supposed to have fallen and fractured .his p at ell a (no wo un d ). Marks lost for not remOVIngp ati en t a t on ce to the pavIllIon 3- handed seat and pl aci n g hi m near a fi re before c arrymg- out treatment.

Surely this de c ision was contrary to the Textbook .mst r ucti ons, espec ially those of Rule ( p 48 ) Please give y o u r vi e ws a nd d e ci s on

Certainl y n o t : Filst, the te s t w ith its" cold winter s day )l gi ves yo u a h in t that a pat ient su ffering from Sho ck due to frac t ur e sh o uld n o t be left out in the cold , whereby Shock woul d be a gg ra vat e d Seco n dly , the Textbook (p 2 warns you t h at it s dir e c t ions a re intended ., as of treatment " an d (p 2 0) that the SurroundIngs ha ve a n Important

bearing on the first aid to be given," or, in other words "that circumstances alter cases." Thz'rdly, the key to the situat ion is in the last sentence of the paragraph you quote (p. 48 )"or other means of restraint," an instruction which is far too frequently overlooked or ig-nored.

Applied to your test, these instructions of the Text bo ok are that your duty is to prevent axgravatz'oJZ of fractur e by keeping leg at rest and extended, and also to fJ eat sh od by removing without a moment s unnecessary delay to pavi lio n. For myself, I consider the test excellent and its solution correct. N. C. F.

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The administration of the emergency funds of the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and the B ritis h Red Cross Society has been re-organised and district committees have been up in the metropolitan boroughs. Grants are made by these Emergency Hel p Committees towards the maintenance of their families , to pensioners who are in temporary difficulties owing to the Cessation of payments received during treatment, als o to men who are awaiting the result of an appeal to the Ministry for pension and in certain other circumsta nces which are strictly limited. A

IODEX is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit-painless and bland. It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic "W'ounds , tears, a brasions, bruises, burns, scalds , inflamed feet, etc.

IODEX is non-staining nonirritating Iodine of great penetrative po"W'ers. It is a markedly absorben t and an tiseptic , and rapidly reduces inflamma tion.

RMY Stretchers, with Slings, .6 5 do zen, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

Ambulance Secretaries.

Whist Drive, Co nlpetition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Doub le Crown Poster (30in. by 20i n ) shown here is just the ve ry thing for the purpose. T he blank spaces provided can be printed by your local print er to meet your requirements.

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Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member Of S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted for the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDBN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser S ection of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874)

1 12. St. George's Road. Southwark. Lond on.

Price 6d. net. Post free 7d.

NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED.

By Sidney H. Lamb.

A Handbook in a tabulated and sim pli fied form giving the main points in fi rst aid, so arranged as to impress them on tbe memory of the student DA LE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon St., 'lONDON, E,C.4.

The wh ol e u nd yin g story of this wonderful organi satio n that has surv ive d all th e changes and chanc e.; of wars re vol utions, and apathy, will be found in th is conc se little \olume.

A Book of Absorbing Interest.

Here a re names to conju re with-I'aymond of Tripoli, Cceur de L ion Saladin, Don Jor n the \' rctor of Le panto La Yalette.

The whole Romance of the 8=pointed·Star.

If you are organIsIng a Concert,

-FIR-ST

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G., C.LE.,

AI D.- March, 1922.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. eORB ET PLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Caotab), M.R. e.s.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, 18. Slmpl lfled wltb AidS to Memory.

Col. SIr r ames CanUle contrzbutes an tntroduction and we endorse kis gooa opinion f>/ the book. "-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E.,

D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medalist, Barrister-at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

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By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.O" C.I.B., D S.O., M.D (1) Poisoning, (2) In sensibility, (4) Asphyxia (S upended Breathing), (s)Fractures, Disl ocation, and Sprains, (6)Woun d., Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rup ture and Minor Injuries. The Series contain" all the eosentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-lined cards, 31" x 5; 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOBL D. BARDS WBLL, M. V.O .• M.D., P. R.C. P. Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d. THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANC E TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915 By "WAOON-LIT." Told. post free.

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No. 3J4.-V OL. XXVIII APRIL 1922 [3/6

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI RST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Ann ual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

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7 elephone No_ 5-177 Bank.

EDITORIAL,

value the tests imposed upon competitors should be made as realistic as possible, and that the ideal t es t is that which coincides as nearly as possibl e with an actual casc:o Since this article appeared very little progress has been made in this direction, and only from time to time hav e we seen competitions in which there was a tendency to provide more in the nature of properties in order to assist competitors in keeping before them the nature of the cases with which they have to deal. A notable exception this year was the G E.R. contest, where the" cases " were properly staged, as will be seen by the photograph which appears in this issue. We are informed that this staging of a corridor railway carriage did not entail a considerable expense, and it gave the judges an opportunity of testing the teams capabilities as in an actual cas e, wher eas, if the floor of the room had only been indicated as a railway carriage, it would not have given the judges that means of seeing the removal of the patient, a 1II0st important part of the comp 3ti tion

Realism in

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THROUGHOUT the country during the past month the various Railway Companies have been holding their ambulCompetitions. ance competitions, to decide the teams which shall compete in the Inter-Railway contest. Having witnessed many of these competitions, it is a surprising thing to us how poorly many of these contests are staged, not a vestage of help is given the competitor in the way of providing him with a scene which would be a guidance to him, as in an actual cas e of injury, but he has to play on his imagination the whole time, concentrating his mind that a certain spot is the railway line, that another is the signal-bo x) and so forth, this to our way of thinking v e ry materially detracts th e competitor fr om doing his best from the purely first aid point of view, and, as a result, we cannot judge his efficiency as would be the case of actual injury.

Some years ago an article appeared in this Joumal on " The Ideal Ambulance Competition, " in which the writer exp ressed the opinion that if competitions are to be of

N ow that we are getting back to mor e normal tim es, We hope to see these competitions developed on more realistic lines, they provide greater interest from the spectators point of view, and are of greater educational value to the competitor ------.---.-------

A STORM of protest has recently been The London raised in the daily press on the inAmbulance adequacy of the L.C.c. _ Ambulance Service. Service of Greater London by the fact that one or two cases of injury have been kept waiting a long time lU the street for the am bulance to arrive. To add weight - to this protest, several coroners have found it necessary to comment on the faulty organisation. For a great city like London to be only supplied with si x motor ambulances to serve the whole of Greater London, an area of 17 square miles, is nothing more or less than a public scandal, and from our experience there is not a city in Europe which is so badly off in this respect as London, and yet the ambulance service has cost the ratepayers an enormous sum. For years past we have dealt with .this subject, endeavourinO" to bring

home to the officials of the L.e.e. the necessity of providing an adequate service, and with the Fire Brigade organisation this should be a comparatively simple matter. In a small city like Bristcl the S.J.A.B, w hich is responsible for street casualties, has in its possession six motor am bulances, and the organisaticn is prl!.ctically run by l!. staff of voluntary workers and supported by subscriptiom. During the year they transported cases, and its balance sheet shows a balance of £872 in hand. What a Jesson to the L C. e. !

3loints.

Tlte Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-witlt s;eci«i rcfsnnce to Jr60d and bad !Joints in Treatment-for inclusion itt litis C,lumn.

A CURIOUS ACCIDENT.

A commissionaire in a London Bank was engaged one morning in cancelling cheques with a motor-driven 3-16th in. punch. By accident he put his right index: finger into the machine which promptly gouged a hole right through the finger immediately above the finger-nail. Summoned to the patient immediately, I found the punched out portion of the digit hanging on by fragments of skin only and was much tempted to cut it oft. On consideration, however, I decided that such action was beyond the scope of First-Aid and was pleased with my decision when I heard later that the hospital surgeons expressed their satisfaction at the presence of the punched out portion of the digit which they immediately replaced and without which they stated they would have had to amputate the phalanx.-M. M., Southend-on-Sea.

USES OF FIRH·Am.

Walking along the bank of a river a First-A.ider found Il little girl bitterly crying. She told him that her baby and had fallen into.the river. i\scertainingthe spot, some dIstance away, he hurned there qUIckly and dived into the water after the baby, only to find, instead of a baby a doll 's pram, and a life-size celluloid doll!

These he rescued restored to tpe ( little !iri, whose smIle and thanks conVInced him that his "resourcefulness" and "sympathy" were not altogether wasted.-B. C., Cambridge.

In order to relieve the pressure on the Central and the Devonport Ambulance Stations, which are situated at a considerablle distance from each other in the town of Plymouth, on April 8th an intermediate station was opened midway between in the densrly populated Stonehouse whole a:nbulance service for the public authontIes, hospitals, and Inhabitants of the ancient West country borough is provided by th e Plymouth Centre of the S.J.A.A. Alderman Lovell Dunstan Chairman of th e Executive, presided ov er a large of the Central's supporters and uniformed of the Borough of Corps. The sta tIO n, erected on land kindly provIded by the Stonehouse Board of Guardians has accommodation for an motor ambulance, equipment and spare toge.ther WIt? necessary quarters for the staff. An lmpresslve dedlcatIOn service was conducted by the Rev. S. H. Gee, of Stonehouse after which Mr. Hurrell (Centre Vice President) declared the station open.

AID. - April, 1922.

3'he Grand 3lriorg of the Orde r of the )(ospital of St. lohn of lerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. John 1\mbulanee Srig ade.

No. District COMMISSIONER: DISTRICT ORDERS_

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRA L MAY, 1922.

Sunday, 7th.-No 4I Division, Royal Arsenal. " qth.-No.42 Barnet. " 2Ist.-No·44 " West London. 28th. -No. 45 North Camber well.

Duty from 2.30 p.m ., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL DINNER.

I t was decided at the Annual General Meeting of Offi cers on April 1st, that an Annual Dinner for Officers should be he ld on O ct ober 7th, and that arrangements should be left in the hands of District Officer Captain Pontin.

ROYAL WEDDING.

Members of the District will be interested in the follo win g communication which has kindly been sent to me by the Ch ief Commissioner : --

March 17th, 192 2.

The Commissioner, No. District.

I am in receipt of your letter of the 15th inst ant, reporting the duties performed by the officers and memb ers of the Prince of Wales 's Corps onlthe occasion of the we d. ding of H.R. R. the Princess Mary and Viscount Las celles on the 28th ultimo.

The greatest credit is reflected upon those respons ible for the arrangements made and those who participate d III the duties, and I shall have much pleasure in informi ng the Director of the Ambulance Department, for the info r mation of the Council and Chapter of the Order, of th e admirable services rendered on the above occas ion

(Sign ed ) C. R. TYRRELL, Colonel. Acting Chief Commissioner.

CADET DIVISIONS.

The scheme for the formation of Cadet Divisions has n ow been approved by the Grand Prior, and Regulations an d Standing Orders are being issued separately to every Divisi on Th"! Commissioner will be very glad to give any advice or assistance which Officers and Members in Charge may desi re in the matter.

COMPETITIONS.

On April 29th, the District Competitions to select a tea n' to represent the District in the" Perrott" Shield Competiti on will be held at 3 p.m at the Northampton Institute. It m ay be necessary to hold the viva voce portion at an earlier date.

The C:0mpetitions for the Efficiency Cup will be held at the same tIme and place.

The Final Competitions will be held at Cannon-street on May 16th, and H. R.H. the Grand Prior has signified his willingness to present the Shields to the winning teams. Th e Competitions will proceed during the whole day, and it is hop ed that the presentation will take place at about 4 o'clock.

On March 18th, the following were the results in the Competitions held at the Northampton Institute amongst membe rs of the Prince of Wales's Corps ;Winners of Preliminary Dewar Shield andMassey Mainwaring Cup, NQ, 4 (Ley ton) Division.

April,19 22 -FIRST

Sleath Gent Cup, Pte. F. Tull, No. 20 ( Hampstead ) Division.

Nursing Bowl, Miss M. Rodick, No. 14 (C raig'S Court ) N. Div ision.

Osborn Challenge Shield, NO.4 ( Ley ton ) Division.

Owing to insufficient entries, the Efficiency Cup Competition was not held.

At the close, the trophies and a number of service medals wer e presented by the Comm issi oner. (Sig ned) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

HOSPITALLER'S CLUB.-The third annual dinner of the ebb was held at the Great Eastern Hotel on April 3rd, the chair being taken by Supt. H. Langley Jones. A record num ber of guests were present including Col. Sir James Clark, Col. G. A Moore and Col. G E. Palmer ( Commissioner No. 6 Dist rict).

Co lonel Sir James Clark in proposing the toast of the club, said that its obje c ts were to affor.d hcilities f?r its mem bers to discuss both techmcal and SOCIal problems It was neces sary in the Brigqde to have a definite pol icy and internal

LEYTON AND LEYTONSTONE (( No.4) Division. -At the Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell, on March 18th, the above Division won the following District Competitions.

"The Preliminary Compet ition for the' Dewar Shield' and 'The Massey Mainwaring Cup Competition.'''

The members of the team were :-Staff-Sergt. A_ G. Barker, Ptes. A. F_ Ager, yv. J. Broom, C. A. Barker, and A. C. Bark er.

This is the third time that the D ivision has won the District Preliminary Competitio n for the" Dewar Shield" and fifth time of winnin g" The Massey Mainwaring Cup Competit io n. "

" The Osborn Shield Competition."-The members of this team were: Staff-Sergt. G. Barker, Ptes. W. J. Br oom A F Ager, and A C. Barker.

Th is is the fourth time the Division has won this Competition.

There was only one otber competition for Ambulance Divisions held on this occas ion, i.e., "The Sleath Gent Cup Competition," for individual members and in tbis Competition the member representing the Division; Pte. C. A Barker was third.

THE COUNTESS OF ONSLOW INSPECTIN G THE REI GATE BORO UGH CORPS, S J.A. B. unit y, and he was sure that the club would do a great deal to ens ure these ends.

Mr. Langley Jones who responded said that he was sure that the members of the club appreciated Sir James Clark's ad vic e. Supt. W. R. Magnus proposed the toast of the vlsl.tors whi ch was responded to by Col. Palmer and Mrs Hanklvell an d Captain Cooper proposed the toast uf the. PresldeI?-t.

An excellent musical programme was gIven dunng the eve ning under the direction of Messrs. Statham and Stallard.

S.J.A.B. N.C.O. 's CLUB.- The next meeting will be held on Thursday, May 4th at 7.30 p.m., W. H. Smith & Son's Club, I I, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C.2

Please note that all N.C.O.'s of the S J.A.B. Pnnce of Wales' Corps are for membership. We are adding to our number at each meetmg.

The Club has been the means of uniting old comrades of the M.H.R.R. and R.N_A.S.B.R Full particulars from the Ha n. Sec., H. J. Palmer, 70, Newington Green-road, N.].

No. 3 District.

BIR IIIINGHAM -If any evidence were required of the revival of interest in ambulance work, it was forthcoming o n Saturday, March 25th, when the Annual Competition for the Birmingham Challenge Shield took place.

Ten teams entered and were paradt:d promptly at 2. IS.

The Judges were Assistant Commissioner J. Henton White, M .D. (stretcher), County Surgeon George St. John stone, M.D. ( Individual practical ), and Corps Surgeon E. W. Parsey, M. B. (viva voce).

The arrancrements had been carefully made and worked very smoothly t:, the whole Competition being over soon after 5 p.m. The results, announced by Corp" Officer E. EllIott were as follows:-

In criticising the work Of the teams the Judges their satisfaction at the standard of excellen ce attaIned, and their pleasure in seeing such a large enthusiastic

The Shield was presented to the wmners by the AssIstant Commissioner.

Corps Supt. W. E. Ballard proposed a vote of to the Judges; this was seconded Corps Officer G. E. Kmgsnorth and carried with acclamatIOn.

The company then sat d()wn to an tea.

Brigade Smoking C07Zcert.-!' ollowmg on the Challenge Shield Competition a Corps Smokmg Concert was held at the Chapel Tavern, Great Chapel Street.

A good was enjoyed by all the members present and the ChaIrman,. Surgeon W. E. Parsey, was cordially thanked for Dewar Slzz'eld Elim,inatinf{ ComjJetztlOn. - On Sund ay, March 25th, this year's and las[ wi,nners of the BirmIngham Challenge Shield met to deCide whIch shoul.d go for the District Competition. The ShIeld <;ompetltion Judges again officiated. The I ndlvldual PractIcal and VIVa Voce provided very close contests, but on the Stretcher work Snow Hill proved themselves a smarter team, and the fina.l results worked out well in their favour, the marking being ;-

Snow Hill G.W.Rly. 38 [ Curzon Street L. & N.W. 33 2

Birmingham hopes that Hill will continue t?eir victorious career and once more brmg back the Dewar ShIeld to No. 3 District.

The winner of the Curzon Street L. & N.W. DIVISIon Watch Competition is announced as J. R. Chadwick Fegg Hayes, Tunstall, Staffs. The watch having: s.topped at 10 hrs. 14 mins. 7 secs. The members of the DIVISIOn are grateful for the subscriptions receivyd.

No. 12 (Irish District).

A very interesting experim ent and development in First Aid competitions was started in the year 1920, when an Ambulance League was formed to hold · a series of Inter-Divisional contests among the Ambu.1ance of the Brigade. The main ide3. of the promoters t:o raIse the standard among:st the rank and file of the in a way which could not be done by yearly competitions, and accordingly the sioner presented a gold ol!edal to be held by the DIVISion coming out first in a of tests based on the lines of a foothall league in which practically every member of each Division takes part. Thi?_. il1J1ov atio n has been a success and will undoubtedly help to spread the detailed knowledge of First Aid necessary for com petit ion work amongst all members of the units taking part.

The winners of the League in I92 were Messrs. W. & R. Jacob & Co. ' s Ambulance Division. The competition for 1922 has just been conclud ed Messrs. W. & R. Jacob & Co. 's Division being again the winners.

Assist. Commissioner Colonel R. J. Blackham,C.B ,C.M.G., D.S.O., is to give a !ecture entitled .• With the White Army in Russia" at Brigad e HeadquarteF, 40, Merrion-sqnare, on Monday, May 1st, 1922. Admission free to all Brigade members. A silver colle c tion will be made during the evening to defray expenses

On Saturday, March I Ith, City of Dublin Ambulance (Junior) Division. under Supt. F. J. Horne, held a most enjoyable social at St. Werburgh's Parochial Hall, Werburgh-street, very kindly lent for the occasion. Amongst those present were Sir John Lumsden, K.B.E., Commissioner, in the chair, Mr. W. G. Smith, O.B.E., Assist. Commis s ioner, Divisiona l Sec. A. J. Connor, Divisional Supt J. S. Smurthwaite, Lady District

AI D.- April, 19 2 2.

Officer :\1iss Overend, Lady Corps Supt: Shanks, Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Eager, Lady l?lVlslanal Supt. Mis s Oliphant, Lady Ambulanc;e Officer MIss Barry, Lady Am bu. lance Officer Mrs. Browne.

Sir John Lumsden on arrival received the general salute from a Guard of Honour under Sergt. Ebbs. The procee di ngs commenced at 6,30 o'clock with tea, presided over by Mrs Horne and a number of lady friends of the Division. Then followed a most entertaining concert given by the Star Min stre l Troupe. During the interval Sir J obn Lumsden, rising amid applause, to address the audience and member.s of the Di.vi.sl.o n, said he was pleased to be present, and thankIng the DIVIS Ion for its support in the past, he confirmed !he awards made to the members of the Division for gallantry In ambushes du rin g the recent trying times, specially mentioning Pte. Taylor He also congratulated the Troupe on i.ts success and thanked th em for providing such a pleasant eve.nIng. After a further nu mber of items by the Troupe, M r. SmIth congTatulated the Tr oupe on its excellent work and hoped for its future u sefulnes s. Th e proceedings were brought to a close by the singing of "A ul d Lang Syne."

Reviews.

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.

By E. M. Tenison.

Second Edition. Sixth Thousand. London: Society of S.S. Peter and Paul (Ltd.), 32, St. George-street, Hanover.square. Price 3s. 6d. net.

WE have read with great interest this brief history in wh ich the salient facts of the AncLent Order of St. John are pleasi ngly and accurately re-told. '.1ts author has out the story With due on the crises through", hl ch Order pas sed, and with excellent character sketches of ItS most fam ou s defenders. There is also included a chapter which de als with the Modern Order and sets out the work by th e English Langue since its revival and durmg the Euro pe an War. Further, the book is elegantlv set up on good pa pe r and is, in every way, worthy of a place in a FIrst-Ald er's library.:

The Competition for the Argenta Ambulance Challen ge Cup will be held on May 27th at the Yeomanry Drill H all, Blackpool. The competition is under the control of C ol.

C. J. Trimble, c.B., C M.G., V.D ., Commissioner No, 4 District, and is open to all Corps and Divis io ns in Nos. 4, 5 and 6 Districts The donors of the cup (which is a very handsom e silv e r trophy valued at 100 guineas) arc the Argenta Cqmplny, and they proVIde m ost generously 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th prizes, and pay all This cornpetitiO,n, which v.; as always k eenly looked forward to by Brigade members in Nm. 4, 5 and 6 Districts for years before the war, has now become one of the most important competitions in th e cOl,Jntry :Full particulars, regulations and entry may. b e had by applying to AmbUlance Officer G Wllson, 6, Buchan anstreet, Blackpool. The last day of e ntry is May 6th

When corresponding with Advertisers p leau men tion "Fir,st Aid "

THE ST. 'JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Ga·zette MARCH,

1922.

The Chie f Commissioner bas sanctioned the iollowilJg appoi ntments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 48 (Grays) Nursing Division. - Reginald Hugh Balfo ur Barrow, M.B., Ch.13., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21. 3. 22

No. II ( Wembley and Harlesden) Division - Staff Sergeant Harry Robert Stanley to be Ambulance Offirer, 28.3 22

No. 30 ( East London) Division.-A:nbulance Officer Lawrence Franks to be Divisional Supt., 1.4,22

NO.9 (R oyal Boro' of Kensington) Nursing Divis-ion.Lady Ambulance Officers H. Johnson and H. B?ileau resigned, 17·J22

No. 44 (W est London) Divis ion.-Am bulance Officer

V/a rnett resigned, 8.3.22

No. I4 (Craig'S Court) NurslOg DlVlslun.-Nursmg Officer

M. R. Easton resigned, 7.}22

No. 46 ( Ilford ) Division.-Ambulance Officer Frederick Geo rge Drayson to be Divisional Supt., 16.3.22

No. 2 DISTRICT.

Cheltenham Police Division.-Divisional Supt. Hopkins resi g ned, 21.3.22

Bristol Corps C' A" DlVlslOn ).-Ambulance Officer J. Moore transferred to the Clifton Division, 10. 1.2 1

City of Bristol Corps (Bristol. Nursing Division ).-Lady

Am bulance Officer Miss Cookes reSIgned, 29.J22

Cheltenham Corps (C heltenham Town Division).-Lieut.-

Com mander George Walsh, R.N., to be Divisional Supt., 28 3. 22

Bath Nursing Division.-Helen S. Corbet to be Lady DIvi sional Supt., 28.3.22

Buckingham Nursing D ivision, -Lady Supt. Mrs. Howard Vys e reverts to Ambulance Sister at own request, 1422

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Welling borough Corps Nursing Division )

-A mbulance Sister Adela DIckson to be Lady Ambulance Offi cer, 18.2.22

Bedford Town Divlslon.-Dlvlslonal Supt. J. Spencer tra ns ferred to the Brigade Reserve, 25.3.22

Earls Barton Nursing Division.-Lady DIVISIonal Supt. Mrs. Simcoe and Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Dunkeley trans ferred to the Brigade Reserve, 10.3.22

NO. 4 DISTRICT.

Chester Ambulance Division.-William Lees, M.R.C.S.,

L.S. A., to be Divisional I

Chester Nursing Dlvlslon.-Wtlham Lees, l\rLR.C ,S.,

L.S. A., to be Acting Surgeon, r 5.3.22

Nelson Nursing Dlvlslon.-Laay Ambulance Officer HIlda Wood resigned, 22.3.22

Ellesmere Corps.-Corps Officer J. RobInson transferred to th e Brigade Reserve, 1.3.22

Birkenhead Corps.-Edgar Pickard to be Corps Officer, Officer yv. Postlethwa ite transferred from Dewsbury District Corps, ' Batley Div ision, 1.30'22

Trawden Division.-Ambulance Officer W. Driver reverts to the ranks at his own request, 8.3. 22

North West Manchester Division.-Divisional Supt. N. Lush transferred to the Plymouth ;::o·operative Division, 29-5- 21 , supernumerary to establishment, Oldham Corps (Old ham Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer Lucy Pugh to be Lady Divisional Supt., 9.3. 22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

County of Nottingham.-Arthur Barnes Gibson re-instated Assistant Commissioner and his appointment. as Corps Supt. cancelled, 23.3- 22

Leeds Corps.-Hoyland Smith, M. R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Corps Supt., 7.3 .22

Divisional Surgeon Samuel Thomp son Rowling to be Corps Surgeon, 7.3.22 "

B radford Corps (All erton Red TrIangle. !?I.vlslon).-Herbert William Whiteley, M.B., Ch.B., to be DlVlslOnal Surgeon, 7.3. 22

Frederick Charles Bland to be DIVISIOnal Supt., J 1.422

Nottingham Corps.- Corps Surgeon Henry William Spaight, L. R.C.P., L. R.C.S., to be Supt., 3I.}22

Nottingham Corps (Midland DlvlslOn ).-Ha rry Gordon Parker, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.3022

Nottingham Corps (City Division).-·Ambulance Officer W. Parkinson resigned, 23.3022

Nottingham Corps (Bulwell Dlvlslon) .- Dlvlslonal Surgeon

E. Scott-Reid resigned, 22.3 22

Louis Hallam to be Ambulance Officer, 15.3.22 Corps (Stapleford and Dlvlslon).Cecil Guedalla Sherowit, M.B., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 24.3. 22 D' I S d Supt W

Hasland DlvlslOn.- IVISlona urgeon an Moyers resigns Divisional Superintendentship and remalOS Divisional Surgeon, 10.3.22

Private Harold Frederick Barkes to be DIVISIonal Supt., Division.-Ambulance Officer G. Hartley transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9.

Derby Nursing Division.-Lady DlVlslOnal Surgeon AnDle Jackson resigned, 23.3.22

Silverdale Division .-DlVlslOnal Surgeon W. Scotland resigned, 23.3. 22 S I

Brodsworth Main Corps.-DlvlslOnal Supt. amue Bunting to be Corps Supt., 7.2.22

Ambulance Officer Bernard John Carr to be Corp5 Officer, 7·2.22 b C Offi

Ambulance Officer Josiah Cawthorpe to e orps cer, 8.2.22 A h' h M B

Divisional Surgeon Thomas Longmore s tort , { , Ch.B., to be Corps Surgeon, 7 2.22

North Staffs. Railway Corps.-Sergeant FrederIck Brasington to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 15.3.22

Halifax Corps (EIland Nursing DlVlslon).-Lady Supt. Mrs. R. Webster res ign ed 29 3 22

Dewsbury and Distr ict Corps (D ewsbur y Nursmg sion). -P hilip John McGing, L.R.C S, D.P.H., to be DIVIsional Surgeon, 20.3. 22 ' , ) A b

Dewsbury and District Corps (Ba tley DlvlSlOn.lance Officer W. Postlethwaite transferred to Morecambe DIVIsion, NO.4 District, 1.3.22

Chesterfield Division.-DlVlslOnal Surgeon R. Fraser transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 8:2:22

Langwith Colliery Division.-Willlam Carter to be Divisional Supt., 28.3. 22 ) A b

Shipley and District Corps Dlvlslon.- m ulance Officer Robinson Walker to be Dlvl::;Jonal Supt., 28.}22

_ FIRST AID & THE 51'. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.- April, 192 2

Shipley and Di s t rict Cor ps (Guiseley D ivision ) - Ambu -

lan ce Offi cer John Crook to be Divisional Supt., 28) 2.2.

Sh ip ley and D istr ict Corps (-Shipley plVIslOn ).-

Ambul a nce Offi cer Arthu r Lambert to be DIVISIOnal Supt.,

28.3 22

S hipley a nd Distr ic t Corps.-D ivi s ional Supt. George

Wi ll ie Gi ll to be : orps Offic er, 28 3. 2 2

N O. 6 D ISTRICT

Corps Offi cer Capt. J. Nicholas (Newcastle-on-Tyne

Cor ps ) seconded for '!-t Distri c t 23.3. 22

Dunston Nu rsing D lvlslOn. - Lady DlV1slOnal Supt, MISS

H unt er resi gned, 2 3. 3 .22

Bri dlington Nurs ing D lvislOn. - Lad y D IVISional Supt.

Mrs Holmes 1< leld resigned , 2 9 .3.2 2

H ull Cor ps (Alexandra Dock Di vi s ion ).-Divisional S upt.

St ead and A mbulance O ffi cer Carl isle res igned, 29 322

Ash ington Co al Company (Woodhorn.

Ambulance Offi cer J Muir transferred from HIrst DIVIs Ion ,

1.3 22 Stell a Coal Company Corps (Addison Nursmg DIVISIOn ).

-L ady S up t Mrs. Si mpson resigned,

Hetton-Ie- Hole N ursin g Divis ion.-Lady Divisional Supt.

Mrs. Ad a mson res ig ned, 11.4 22

New H artley D ivis ion -Ambulance Officer J. Thompson

resig ne d , I 4.22

N e wcast le-on -T yne Co rp s - Ca pt ain Samuel W Illiam

Nic holas, O .B .E. , to be Corp s Officer, 13. 3 22

NO.8 DI STR ICT

Colone l R. J. S impson, County Surgeon for Surrey, r esig ne d , 7 3.22

Bri g hton a nd H ov e Corp s ( Hove N ursing Division ).-Ada

May Hi pk ins t o be Nu rsing Officer, 1 3 3.2 2

NO.9 DISTRICT

Dor ches ter Divis ion -Edga r W ilmot Smerdon, M.D ,

F.R.C. S., to be D ivis ional Surgeon , 14. 3 .2 2

R obert Cl ifford Johnson to be D ivisi onal Supt., 1 4. 3.22

Pa rk st one D ivision - Archibald R ic hard Pa erson, MD ,

B.C., to be Div isional Surg eon , 14 .3.22

E lwyn W alter H inde Ric hardson Scott to be Divis ion a l Supt q 3.22

W ith lel D ivision .-Allen Birks, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., B .A., to be D ivi s ion a l Surgeon, 2I.3 22 , vice D r. Watson resigned.

Plym outh C o·operat ive D ivision -Divisional Supt. N.

Lus h tr a ns ferred from N orth West M anchester Division as sup ern u merary to es tabl ishment, 2 9.5 21

Borou g h of P lymouth Corps (Stonehouse Division ).Marc olm Milt on Melrose, M.R.C S. , L.R C.P., to be Divisional S urgeon, 7 .3. 22

Torpoi n t D ivis ion -John Freder ic k Fel ix Jones to be Divis iona l Surg eon, 7. 3 22

S yd ney Carret Vinter, M. RC. S , L.RC .P ., L.S.A., D.P.H , J.P., to be D ivis ional Surg eon 7 3 .22

James Samuel , M D ., L. M.S. S. A., to be Divis ional Surgeon , 7 322

No. [0 DISTRICT.

Ip swic h Corp s (So ci al S ettlement Divis ion ).-John Alexa nder McKi nnon to be Divisional Surgeon, 12. 3 22

No. 12 DI ST RI CT.

St Stephen' :; Green Nursin g Div isi on. - Ambulance Sister Annie Mrs. Eager to be Lady D iv isional Supt., I. 1.22, vice Lady Supt. Mrs. Smalley transferred to the Headqucrters Di vision.

City of Dublin Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Ma ry Daa s Ol iphant to be L a dy Divisional Supt., 2 2.22, vice Mrs Mo wbra y resigned.

JA MES R. A . CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During March 19 V A.D. Nursing members were posted to Ministry of Pensions'

The General Service V.A.D. Unit in Cologne un der the charge of Commandant Miss Jean B. H. Macphe rs on returned to England on March 31St, 1922, on termina ti on of their contracts. Thus closes for Miss Macphers on a l ong period of service most efficiently performed.

Miss Macpherson, who holds 1St class diplomas for Housekeeping and Housewifery, proceeded to the Scot t ish Wom e n's Hospital, Royamont, in 1915, remaining there for F. ighteen months. She had charge of the kitchen arra n gements for a hospital of 400 beds and left there with an excellent record, being awarded two French decorat io ns. In 1917 Miss Macpherson proceeded as a head coo k to France under the Joint Council of the British R ed Cross Society and Order of St. John. She was transferred to Italy in the same capacity in September, 1918, t1l1 March, 1919. She ne x t proceeded as a head cook to Russia in 19 9, returning again to France towards the e nd of the same year. In 1920 she was sent as Assistant C o mmandant to the General Service Unit in Cologne, and was after promoted to be Commandant of the Unit.

The V.A.D. members from Cologne express t he mselves as very sorry that their period of service with the Army has terminated. Many availed themselves of t'le excellent educational opportunities offered in Cologn t: to study music and languages.

All General Service mem bers in horne hospitals were de mobilised on March 31St, the military authorities sp e ak.ing in very flattering terms of the work which t h ese members had given, many of them having served s ince the G e neral Service section was first instituted in The following is an extract from one of many lett els received from Military Hospitals :-

n I am authuised to say on behalf of the O .c. and Matron that the disbandment of the G.S the authorities great regret. It is considered tha t t he gC:1eral conduct of this unit has been exemplary, a nd their standard of work has been very high. It IS mucn regretted that the conditions of present d .,y service, relating to the employment of ex -service m en render it impossible to retain many of the G.S m e mbers as civilians."

Great rEgret is felt by the mem bers themselves t h at their long connection with the Army has now been terminated. One Commandant writes :-

"I should like to gratefully acknowledge thp, kindness and consideration received by us from t he Matron and Officers It is with great regret th a t I leave --, and the G.S. V A.D ."

The following is an extract from a letter from a member :-

" Now that I am demobilised, after 5 years' service with the V.A. D., I wish to offer my grat eful thanks for having been kept so long i n work, and a ls o for the opportunities given me in serving abro ad, which 1 have so much enjoyed. I shall always lo ok back with pleasure to my life as a V.A.D vou for many benefits and a great deal of experienc e,"

The G.S. V A.D. Unit in Constantinople, the ret ur n of which has b een delayed on account of the non -arrival of

- FIRSr A[D & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.cer tain reinforC e ments to take th e ir places, is e xpected sho rtly.

In the com p= tition recently held for the D istrict Bowl, Lo ndon District, S.J.A B., Miss Margaret Rodick, London 88, was successful in winning the bowl for the se cond tim e ru n ning, aft e r a ver y k een Warm est cungratulations are offered to Miss Rodick, who serve d first un d e r th e J oint Committ ee in Fr a nce and latterly as a military nursing m e mb e r, ga ining th e scarl e t e fficiency stri pe

The V A D Lawn Tennis Associat ion held its first meeting for 19Z Z (l. t th e V A. D. L adies Clu b, on March 3 I st. The Committee learnt with regr e t that th e excellent c o urts, p laced at their dis po sal through th e g en e rosity of t h e St. Thomas s Ho sp ital authorities, at Chisw ick ar e no lo ng er available this year. The Association is th er e for e fa ced with the p roblem of obtaining fresh courts bef ore the se a son ope ns. It was decided to advertis e for suitatlle c o urts within a radius of 8 miles from Charing C ross. If a n y re ad e r of this Journal should know of any g rass or red c o urt which may be availabl e fc.,r play this summ e r, th e As sociat i on would be very grateful. Infor m ation should be forwarded to th e T e nnis Secr t tary, 28 Cav e ndishsq uare, W. I.

The S ecretary of the Joint Nursing and V A D. S ervices Committee of the United S ervices Fund states t h at it is hoped to o p:m the n ew convalescent home at Eddle wood, Q ueen 's-road, Weybridge, for pl tients t owards the e nd of May. Eddl e wood is a charming mo d ern house, standing in four acres of garden in th e 1i g hest p ut of W eybridge, about a mile from Weybridge a n d Walton stations respectively. It has a t e nnis court a n d croquet ground. Th e Committ e e h a s appoi nte d as m a tr o n Miss Mary Evelyn Th o ms on, fo rmerly Q A I M N S R., and at pr esent assistant matron at the M inistry of Pensi o ns Hos pi t al, The Sp ring, Hanw ell.

\>f iss Thomson was trained at the Royal Infirmary, Edinb urg h, and holds the C. M B. Certificate and also a certifi cat e from the London S chool of Tropical Med ic ine for he ir Tropic a l Dise a se Course P r io r to the war she was ID th e North e rn Nigeri a n Government Service She will h ave as her assistant Miss Christin a Soutar, Q.A l.M N S R., wh o saw s e rvice in Egypt, India and M eso p) ta mia during he war. This conval e scent home will have accomm o dation fo r 30 p ltients, and a ll ex service nurses and V. A. D . memb ers are eligibl e By ex-servic e nurli es are meant those who se rved in any br a nch of the Nursing Services of H M. F o rces during th e lat e war.

The Committee has p urchased two hous e s in Cromwellr oa d as a residential club fo r ex-service nurses and V . A D. me m bers These ho n ses will accommodate 50 gues t s, who will b e r e ceiv ed at a low weekly charge It is ho p ed that the hous es will b e r ea dy for occu p ation in June. F urther d etails will be giv e n in our next issue.

An int eresting landmark in the annals of the V .A:D, organisation has been reached, the first two V. A D nursmg me mbers accepted as p robationers for the Q ueen A lexandra I mp cria.l Military Nursing Service, having now .c?m p leted th eIr general training in civil hospitals and lomed the Q ueen Al u andra Imperial Ser.vice Staff Nursel o n probation Th ese ladles are MISS Allee Gertrude M un:ie and Miss Annie Rose Taylor.

Miss Murri ll j oined V A D. Edinbu rgh 16 in Augu:5t, 19 14· Sh e h eld a diploma of t h e National H ealth Society for Hy gie ne an d Public H ealth, and went for six months as pl y in g pro bationer to t he Royal Hospital for Sick Childre n, E din bur gh. She was pos ted as a V. A D. nursing m emb er to th e 2nd ScottIsh General Hospital on 14th August, 19!5 , t r ansferred in 1916 to France, and in 1917 to Ita ly. Sh e r esigned her appointment in Septemb er, 19 18, in order to en tu ge n eral tra ining having been awarded tw o Sc a rl et Effi ciency Stripes. MISS M urrie trained at the R oyal Infi rm ar y, Edi n b ur gh , and is now serving at the Q uee n Al exan dra Milita ry H ospital, Millbank.

M iss Ta ylor joined L rmdon 24 in January, 19 I 3 She wa s app oint ed t o the 2n d Western General Hospital, Manch e st er, on May, 15, and resigned her appointment to enter general training on 31St October, 1918. having gain e d two s carle t effici e ncy stripf!s. Miss Taylor trained a t St B a rt ho lomew's H os pital, and is now serving at the Ro yal Vic tor ia Hospita l N etley.

Commo n E rror s in First .. Aid, *

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S.,

( Co ffclutied from page I44.)

some students mis·read th e Textbook and that t h e t rea t mer!t of Shock only begins when the inj ury h as b een fully treated. This is an error ; and st eps sh o u ld b e t aken to counte ra c t Shock immediately the First-A id er takes cha rge In most instances, th erefore, the pa tient-befo re any local treatment-should at once be pl a ce d in c o m for tab le (sitting or recumbent ) p::lsition, care being t(!{Jun (In/y t h at no aggravation of injury b e ca used by pre cip ita te o r ca r elells movements. Otherwise, t he Shock alr e ad y p re se n t may b e further aggravat ed by mental and physic a l st rai n, du e, fo r to keeping patien t stand· ing wh ile a fracture is controlle d with splints and or while a wound is b ein g dre ss ed.

S hoc k pb ys iu pa rt also in modification of treatm ent r e quired in an y e m ergen cy, especially when the re is pr esent some o ther cause whic h may aggravate the danger of Shock al re ady ex:lstent. Th u s, if duri ng a heavy thunderstorm a man sust ai ns a si mpl e fra ct ure of kneecap within a sbort d istanc e o f his horn e or o the r su itable shel ter, then the dang e r of agg ra vate d Shock c on sequent on exp ) sure compels us to th e fra c ture by keeping leg extende d and to r e m o ve h i m at o nce by h and- seat to shelter before we set th e fractur e up in o rtho d ox fashion . Again, if on Ii cold winter' s day a ma n, being near his horne, with .an injury t o his brach ial ar tery at elbow, the po sslbIlIty of Incr e as e d S ho ck, as th e s eq uel t o b eing left out in the cold, would forc e us to d elay hi s remo val only until we had controll e d bleeding by flexion of li m b and t o postp::me any furth e r action till we h a d re m ove d h i m to more co nvement And satisfactory qu art ers.

this conn e cti o n I note t hat m uc h d O'Jbt and difficulty exi5t wi t h r e feren ce to removal o f case s of fractured limbs b efor e treat m en t is com p leted Students quote the T ext bo ok a s a uthorit y for attending

* Mess ri Bale S on a nd Danielsson, Ltd, hope to issue arfjcio li "hsg i n book form.

160 -FIRST

fracture "on tlze spot" and fail to appr t ci.ite the significance of the qualifying instruction at the end of the same paragraph" or by other means of restraint," a phrase which covers such trea tm e nt as tying broken to unbroken leg, bandaging upperlim b to trunk, &c.

Stud ents often err · in detailing correctly the causes of Shock, and more often still on omitting hremorrhage as the most common cause Shock being a depression of the Nervous SySt Em associated with failure of circulation owing to stagnation of blood in the small blood vessels , it is interesting to note how diffi erently the six groups of physical causes act. Thus (I) H remorrhage produces the condition-through actual loss of blood, the fluid medium in which nourishment and waste products are carried to and from the tissues (2) H eart-weakness (with its possible aggravating causes)-through insufficient supply of blood to the brain (3) Scalds and Burns-through the supposed formation o f some unknown poison at seat o f injury; (4) Poiso ning-through ulceration and destruction of tissues or through paralysis of nerve cells; (5) Electricitythrough paralysis of respiratory and circulatory Brain Centres; and (6) Abdominal Injuries-through irritation of Sympathetic Nervous System. Add to these six the group of rrental causes which inhibit Heart and Brain Centres, and our list is c omplete.

Shock following Abdominal Injury is often a source of mystery to First-Aiders. Thus, the condition known as "wiuding" is one of Shock-due to irritation of the Sympathetic Nervous System as the result, usually, of a sharp, sudden blow in the abdomen, especially the pit of stomach, beneath which lies a special part cf this nervous system (solar plexus). It is frequently accompanied by a tempo rary stoppage of breathing, which is a reflex effect of the injury and, as th e most marked symptom, gives its name to the cond iti on. Further, the Shock may vary from a transient incapacity to a fatal syncope and this often without any apparent lesion. Similarly, blows and kicks in the lower abdomen may be accompanied by a grave degree of Shock, the result of injuries to internal or txternal organs, and to the Sympathetic Nervous System, from which the organs derive their nerve supply and through which th ey are conn e cted with the main nervous system.

Perhaps, howev er, the gravest error of all is made when First-Aiders leave uncovered patients suffering from Shock. By this action they demonstrate their ignorance of the true significance of Shock. Warmth therefore is essential, b e cause, owing to the depression the N System, Shock finds its expression in loss of body heat and, when severe, a loss of consciousness; and because, if this loss of body-heat is not checked, the Vital Functions will fall in their inter-action and death must result. Further if is conscious, feelings are a useful guide, SlOce hIS statement, that he IS now feeling warm and comfortable, assures us that we have established the reaction for which we aim in our treatment for Shock.

Finally, Shock-especially the variety due to Electricity-may b e accompanied by cessation of respiration' an d First-Aiders are ofte n in doubt as to the method of artificial re &p iration which should be adopted. I would, th en. fore, POlOt ont that the latest Resuscitation Commission (Ne w, York, 1918) confirmed the previous advocacy of Schafer's Method and urged that it must be continued for a m ini mum yeriod of four hours, bEcause patients suffering from Electnc Shock have been restored after three-and-ahalf hours cessation. of breathing. By the way, a correspondent recentl! pO Inted o.ut that a London crowd usually ex pects Sllvester s method In such cases and gives voice freely to its views! If this should happen, a "resource-

ful" First-Aider should convince the crowd of its error an d carryon with Schafer

CHAPTER IX.--BANDAGING, &c BANDAGING.

THE application of bandages to control dressings, fra ctures and splints" firmly but not tightly" requires exper ience such as is provided in Brigade work. Some studen ts tie their bandages so loosely that they secure no control of the fractures or splints, whilF. others tie off so tightly th at the patient calls out in pain. Indeed, I have b:-fore no w actually been asked by a candidate in competition to inspe ct his bandage at once, because his patient, owing to the pain caused, begged to be released forthwith! As a fact, th e pltient's fe elings should regulate the firmness of th e bandage and in the case quoted caused me to impose a heavy penalty.

Many errors in the application of dressing bandages would be avoided if students would 5rst master the nam es given to the different parts-point, base, sides and endsof the Triangular Bandage, sometimes incorrectly calle d " Esmarch's," a com men error disproven by the fact th a t Dr. Mayor of Lausanne nrst described it in 183 [ where a s Dr. Esmarch of Kiel only b egan his lectures on First-A id in 1882. This done, students will find that the instructio n s in the Textbook render bandaging easy and that all th ey rEquire is e xpe rience to carry out the work accurately, neatly, and efficiently By the way, the pltient can u sually ass is t greatly by holding the point of the bandage in its placean to First-Aider in that time is saved and t o patient in that the allotted task lessens concentration on his injury, whereby the mental effects of Shock tend to be minimised.

The Bandage for Scalp, in my experience, is mo r e often than any other bandage applied incorrectly. Fro m neglect of Textbook instructions (hem close down to ey ebrows; ends crossed low down behind, i.e , !JelIJW prominence of occipital bone), it is either so placed that it is lightl y perched like a skull cap on the head or else it is tied s o tightly that the patient rapidly d {w elops an intense throbbing headache By the way, the Textbook is not clear a s to whether the hem o( a bandage should be turned "in" or "out." The former is usually considered becaus e th e bandage will be neater in appearance and the folded-i n hem will more effectively secure a dressing in position.

With the Bandage for Forehead, etc instructions ar e given :to tie off "over the wound," whereby pressure is evenly distributed on dressing and any tendency to recurrent bleeding checked. Many students fail to carry ou t this step correctly.

With the Bandage for Shoulder the application of th e bandage which supports limb is described in reverse way to the instructions given for a small-arm sling, though th e result (and diagram) is the same in each case.

With the Bandage for Hip many students do no t realise that the narrow body bandage is placed above the haunch bones-that is, round waist, and apply it incorrectly either round lowest ribs or round pelvis.

No Bandage for Heel is described in Textbook. It may, therefore, be useful to point out that the Bandage fo r Elbow provides model instructions for such a bandage

By the way, a very common error in bandaging joints is to apply the bandage and then to alter position of limb. This may result in constriction of blood vEsse1s at the joint, and should always be avoided by bandaging the joint after th e Hmb has been placed in the position-flexed or extendedin which it will be kept while patient is being removed.

April, 153 15 3 154154 154 ISS 15 6 Jerusalem... 156 THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEOffic ia l Brigade Gazette ... V.A.D. Notes and News Common Errors in First Aid Ra(l way Ambulance LETTERS TO THE EDITOR-

157 15 8 159 162 Record Cards.. 165 Inspections 16 5 Ambulance Sisters Uniform : 166 QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORR ESPO NDENTSA Greeting 17 0 Structure of Knee of Ankle Joints 170 Burns and Adherent Clothing 170 Fractures of Clavicl es and Ribs _ 170 Treatment of Burns 170 Treatment of Abdominal Wound... 17 0 Treatment of Arterial Bleeding 1 7 0

l ower knot should ti e in a direct line below the upper, with c onsequent formation of a (a nd not, as often and incorrectly seen, an ob t use ) angle. _ _ Errors of omission are common In reply to questIons a s to th e differ e nt ways in which in an emergency the Triangular Bandage may be A list of possible us es, .may be here as It was i n a Railway Cornp etl tlOn In whIch I rec e ntly set q uestion. Thus it may . be used as b.andage for dressings, and splints ;. as arm-slmg .for supportmg fr actures, dlslocatlOns and sp raIns ; as dresstng fO r w?unds if bandag e is clean and dry ; as. lint for applIca tlOn or fomentation ; as pad for arrestIng bleedIng by pressure or fl exion ; as rittg-pad for compou.nd of skull .; as padding for splmts to sUP1?ort dlslocatlOns ; as tournzquet for indirect control of bl ee dIng; as fan to create current of a ir' as liuature to cut off circulation with snake bites, &c. ; a s for protection of First-Aiders; as stretcher impr;vised with poles and cross-sticks; towd.to flick and keep patient awake, &c.; and as 1-ope ImproVIsed to drag p atient out of water.

HAND -SEATS.

It is not always realised that these methods of carryi?g i nvolve severe physical strain to the bearers who reqUIre

AID.-

frequent rests and that they are limited to cases in which the sitting position IS pe rmissibl e (except the human stretcher which allows transport of patient in recumbent orsemi-r e cumbent postur e) and in which short distances have to be traversed

The instructions for the Two-Handed Seat are difficult to carry out in practice. It is far easier for each bearer first to drop on one knee and place the other bended knee b ehind the patient's back , and then, after raising patient from ground on to bended knees, to form a seat anq rise. By this m eans much strain is avoided. Further, practical experience pro ves that it requires great strength on the part of the b earers to carry patients by hand-sea ts for distances long er than fifty yards without a rest ; and that the task is mad e more difficult when the bearers, as often happ en s, do not march in broken step.

With the Human Stretcher two mistakes are common First, the beare rs often grasp right, instead of left, hand. The result is loss of power, since the Textbook instructions are based on the undoubted fact that with most of us the right upper limb is stronger than the left and more suited to the strain involved in carrying head and shoulders or feet of an incapacitated patient. Secondly, the bearers often fail to balance patient accurately on their clasped hands before moving off. Difficulties quickly supervene because too heavy a burden falls on the bearer supporting head and shoulders, who q uickly be com es exhaust ed If, however, patient is balanced carefully on the clasped hands, placed beneath pelvis and immediately below rump·bone, then the task is sim plified

With the Three-Handed Seat the Textbook gives instructions to grasp jorea1"J7Z instead of wrist, as in otber methods, and figures this grasping of forearm in its diagram. Theoretically, a larger seat is formed for the patient practic ally, the strain on the bearers' fingers is so great that most of us prefer to resort to the old method of grasping wrists

With the Three-Handed Seat another instruction (Rule 1), often overlooked, requires that for support of right lower limb the bearer on the left should grasp hIS rir,ht forearm. Without this change, the b earer cannot advan ce with any d egree of comfort.

With an Improvised Stretcher the instruction to "turn sleeve s of coat inside out" and to button co::..t ensures that patient's weight shall be carri ed by coat, as the sleeves are thereby p laced inside the buttoned coat. Two common errors seen with this method of carrying are (I) the omission of cross -sticks, whereby the stretcher sags unduly beneath the patient's weight, and (2) neglect of instruction to provid e four bea rers, of whom each pair face ea ch other, and walk sideways.

RECE PTION OF ACCIDENT CASES.

Many men delib erately avoid the Chapter of the Textbook which d eal s with the pr eparations required at home for re cep tion of accident I would, how e ver, point out that the h eadi ng onl( sh ould be removed ) is intended for certIfi cate only, and that it is most necessary for all male and female-to appreciate the arrangements WhICh should be made in the:> home prior to the arrival of the doctor. Otherwise, in practice, grave neglect of duty towards patient may result and in heavy of marks when the judge set s questions taken froep thiS Chapter, which is an imporrant one in the Textbook and in First Aid to the Injure d.

FINI S.

J\mbulance.

GREAT EASTERN RAI L WAY.

The final competition for the Challenge Cup presented by the Directors, together with five cash p rize s of £5 each given by Sir Henry Thornton, took. place at on April 4 th The first seven teams In the prelIm10ary com · p et i tion b e ing eligible to compete.

The result was as follows :-1, Parkeston , 393 pomts ; "2 Ly nn, 349 i ; 3, Stratford A, 334; 4, Colchester, 3 2 3; 5 , Li verpool-stre e t, 28 2i ; 6. Stratford B, 28 o k; 7, March, 26 4i. The winning t eam were r e presented by H. Burr.ows ( capt a in ), G. H Peck (hon sec, ), P. C. Banks, E. PrecIOus and F. Bloomfield, W. R o zier being the reserve. Parkeston sec ure d no less than 77 i per cent. of the total points.

T he judges we re N. Corbet Fletcher, M.B., B.c. (C antab. ), M.R.eS, &c " and R. Connon Robertson, L. M S.S A. (Lond. )

The cup and p rizes were distributed by I:ady Allwyn -d uring the inte rval of a grand concert held 10 the Town H all Stratford, in the e vening. Councillor C. Croot, J.p., of West Ham, occupied the chair, and amongst t hos e on the pl atfo rm were the Right Hon. Lord Ailwyn, L ady Ailwyn, Sir Charl e s Ellis, Mr and Miss S ir H Thornton (General Manager ) , Mr. A. J. Hill (ChIef M echanical E ngine e r ) , Mr. T. O. Mein ( hon secretary of t h e Centr e) , Dr. N. Co rbet Fl e tcher.

The e ffi c iency pri ze, pre sented by Dr. Corbet Fletcher, was won by W. Eglington, of the Lynn team, with 91 points out of IIO, H. Burrows, captain (If the Parkeston team, being second w ith 8 9 points.

The P a rk e ston team will now represent the G.E.R. in th e I nter -R '1 i lway Com pe tition, which is oeing held in L ondon at the end of this month. The representative t eam is t he same as last year.

T EAM TES T

Card of I nstructions. - You four have arrived at a country Tai l way statIOn from wh ich you ntend to travel to London for .an am bulan ce competit ion Y ou have your full equipment. T h er e are no other passengers.

A n excited porter rushes up and tells you that, through he window of the waiting room on the platform, he has just s een a m a n h a nging by a rope and that there is a most peculiar s mell esc a ping through the waiting room door which is locked fro m inside Ac t quickly.

N. B .-The Judge will only answer questions as to what he proper use of your senses might discover in such an ,e me rg ency

Note for Jud ge. - Arrange scene as country rail way station wi th small " refreshment room," and also" waiting room. " For latt er ar r ange fa ir -si zed 3-walled hut, with door locked on inside ,on one side and large windows on other two sides. For former an area of room m ight be ra iled off. Usual furniture in waiti ng room and requis ites for "arsenic poisoning " treatment in refreshment room. Place empty bottle labelled "Rat Poison (A rsenic )," and two or three empty petrol (so marked ) cans in he wa it ing room.

Pat ient, who is fully conscious, has right foot partly everted when placed on his back. The" excited porter " (in uniform) wi ll in terfere with competing teams until they prove their .abil ity to treat hysteria. He may be a useful assistant later, or f ne g lected will steal away.

Immediate action.

M od e of reading card and of advance 2

M ode of dea lin g with excited porter 3

Attempts to utilise him as assistant 3

E nqUire if vapour recognisable (petrol ) 10

Ask if door can be opened or forced (No) 3

AI D. - April, 1922

Decide open (and enter through) window

Special Action. (Deduct freely for delay.)

Bearers use bandages as gas-masks

Wet same and cover nose and mouth

All bearers keep erect positions

No further questions till patient rescued

Bearer without delay grasp lower limbs

Raise body of patient; relax tension

Cut (or otherwise release) rope from neck

Other bearers open door and window

Keep patient high and remove outside

Carry to refreshment room; place recumbent

Enquire for doctor (No); ambulance (No)

For hospital (350 yards) ; home (in village )

Further Action and Examination.

Enquire if patient conscious (find out )

Apply 3 tests for insensibilit.y

Enquire face (pale) ; breathIng (shallow); pulse (weak )

Loosen clothes, neck, chest, abdomen, early

Enquire if visible bleeding (round neck)

Character of bleeding (capillary) of wound (clean )

Ask if visible deformity (rignt foot partly everted )

Ask if pain in leg or thigh, or loss power ( No)

Ask for history (hip disease when a boy)

Establish deformity the result of old dise:lse

Ask if pain elsewhere (stomach and left ankle )

Ask character stomach pain (severe burning )

Ask if anything- taken (Yes) ; if lips burned ( No )

Recover bottle and identify" arsenic"

Examine left ankle-pain (round joint)

Swelling (Y es); discolouration (above boot )

Loss power (cannot move joint freely )

Decide treat for sprained ankle

Examination for other injuries (None )

Efficiency of methods of examination

Treatment. (Full marks only in Abrasion of Neck.

Do not touch or wash; apply iodine freely

Refreshment Room .)

Clean dry dressing; pad and narrow bandage

Enquire results (bleeding controlled )

Sprained Ankle

Leave boot; figure 8 bandage; wet later

Place comfortable position, foot raised

Arsenic Poisoning.

Send refreshment room for requirements

Emetic mustard and water (t oz. to t pint )

Repeat; facilitate vom iting with 2 fingers

After vomiting give olive oil and hot black tea

Cover warmly, improvise and apply hot bottles

Enquire if breathing satisfactory (Yes )

Preserve vomit and labelled bottle

Enquire results (patient feels better ) Transport of Patient.

Enquire again ifchange in condition (No)

Decide remove quickly to hospital

Send message in advance; written details

Advise relatives in village in same way

Prepare, place and test stretcher

Load stretcher: adjust slings

Lifting, carry:ng and lowering stretcher

Change bearers once, if necessary

Care and observation during march (no change )

Report to doctor (Cause; injuries; treatment )

Unison of work; general smartness

I N

Bearer No. I.-You are passing a house when you are urgently summoned by a woman to come to the assistance of her husband. You find the patient sitting on a chair in the kitchen and note at once that he is almost in a state of collapse

His daughter, aged 21, is standing by him , and is about to administer an emetic of mustard and water.

He tells you that he to the chemist, a few doors away, for some White Vinegar and that, immediately after taking some of it, he was seized with excruciating pains in throat and stomach.

Act as you should.

Encouraging words; sympathetic action 2

A pril, 1922.

T owards patient, wife and daughter

I mm ediately stop daughter giving emetic

Ask patient for bottle of "White Vtnegar"

Examine (pungent odour) and retain bottle

Take charge of vessel or drinking cup

E xamine lips, mouth, throat (badly burned )

Note swelling of throat; difficulty swallow

Deci de that no emetic should be given

Imm ediately send daughter to doctor

Writ ten detailed message; and to chemist.

To enquire what was actually sent

Con firm collapse-face (pale ) ; pulse ( weak )

Con scious (yes ) ; (but feels very faint )

Place recumbent befort! kitchen fire

Loosen clothes, neck, chest, abdomen

Mea nwhile ask wife bring blankets and

Heat for tea, bottles, and fomentations

Cover warmly at first possible moment

Ask for lime-water and administer freely

F ai li ng this, whitening, chalk, magnesia

Or, wall plaster, one tablespoon to tumbler

F ollow thIS with animal or vegetable oil

F ai ling this, milk, eggs, cream, flour

FIRST AID.-

When started, dispatch Jim to doctor 2

Written detailed message, and to chemist 2

For cylinder of oxygen ready fo r use 2

Next ask if gas ., clear " of hou s e (Y es ) 2

Ask mother prepare hot bottles a nd d ri nks 2

Later ask if breathing be gi nn ing (Y es ) 2

Modify movements with bre a th ng (Y es ) 2

Continue till breathin g e stab lis hed

When conscious, give war m dr inks 2

Put to bed in mother s b ed roo m 2

Cover warmly; blankets ; bottles ; fr ict ion...

Administer oxygen as soon a s possib le

Wat ch carefully till do ctor comes 2

B earer No 3·-State fully the way in wh ich "the surroundings" may mod ify your trea ment of a cas e in any emergency.

Surroundings have vital bearing on F irst Ai d 2

Require careful cons ide ra t ion on these po ints: 2

Sources of danger, throu g h fire , m ac h in ery '" 2

Electric wires, poison g ases, rest iv e ho r se .,. 2

Slippery objects, wh ich ind icate prote cti on of 2

P at ient, bystanders and Firs t Ai der 2

Clues to diagnosis: e. g a broken ladder 2

H o t fomentations, from chin to sternum 3

En quire results of treatment (better ) 2

E nquire answers to messages 2

(D r. here soon. Corrosive acid taken)

Bearer No. 2.-You live at home with your widowed

mo ther Your two young brothers-Bill and Jim- Sleep in th e same bedroom, which is next door to your mother's room.

O n e December morning at 3 a.m. you return from duty, and on entering your house noticed a strong smell of gas.

Act as you should:

L eave front door open; open doors and wmdows 2

As you go to scullery to turn off meter first 4

E x plore mother's bedroom (all well) 2

E xplore brother's bedroom (strong smell gas ) '2

E n quire ifgas "on" ( No) ; open window widely 2

As as to brothers Jim (alright ), Bill (unconscious ) 2

E nquire face (blush), breathing ( No), pulse (weak) 2

W ith assistance of Jim, lift Bill from bed, and ::l

R emove to mother's bedroom next door 3

P ace on blanket on floor; loosen shirt neck ::l

I m mediately do artificial respir a tion 2

E f5ciency of method chosen

Blood stains, escaping g as, off er

Help lay or med lc.a l

Dire cted by dlscnmmatlon, ta c t, expli CI tne ss

Appliance available, wh ic h m ay be m plen ty

Easy to i mprovi se, or res,ourses ,of only

Textbook d irectIOns mod ified \-vlt h c Ircu ms tance s

Shelter-which means a va !la ble

Temporary-wrap, umbrella aga Inst ra l?, su n ..

Permanent, such as she d, ho use? ho s pItal

This includes a tactful mess ag e III advance

If patient is to be taken to his house

Means of transport, require con si deratIOn

Of appliances, length journey, n a ture

Disposal of help avail a ble t o ca rry p a tIent ,

And make arrangements for a fte r· care

Extra marks for prompt a ns we rs

Bearers Nos . 4 & 5.-You two, with three friend s, ate cycling down a country lane on your wa,Y to a s mall A

fast motor·car comes te ari n g up behmd Imme diately after it passes, you see that two of you r friends h av e knocked down and hun. The other man, who S n ot a Fir s t

-FIRST AI D.-

Ai de r escapes Injury The car dashes on without stopping.

A c t as you should You have a havresac with you. N ote for Judge.-Patient A is sitting on ground rubbing h is left knee and has a simple fracture of kneecap. Patient B. is unc onscious , yi n g on his n g ht side four yards away from A and sufferin g from torn thi g h muscles with injury to right femoral a rte ry. B lood is seen on ground under right thigh.

An ass istant, ign orant of First Aid, is available and his cycle is intact

Immedi atel y j ot d ow n N o. of car

Prompt adva n ce of be a rers on pat ient

Rapid s ur ve y o f patients; q uick de ci sion 3

Each bea re r sele c t in g one p atie nt

Avoid a lte ri n g po si tion s at fir st

T r e at men t of pa t ient A .

First warn him cease rub bi n g knee

Enquire p ain (l e ft k neecap ); s well in g (yes )

Irregu larity (ca p fe lt ) ; lo ss po we r (ye s)

Exclud e pre se nc e wound o r bleed in g ( N 0)

Enq u

Enquire

consci o us (fi nd ou t yourself ) 2

Test reply to speec h , r esp o n se t o t ou c h (N o )

Track blood and locate s ite ( mI dd le o f th ig h )

Enqu ire f arterial (Yes; rt. femoral art )

I mmediat e digit al p r e s su r e rt. femor al a rt.

R eport p rogress to othe r be a rer ; and

Call for h is h e l p a s soo n as possible ')

K eep u p digita p ressure a n d in s tr ut..t ass istant 2

Prepar e and p lac e o urn iq uet without delay... 3

Effici ency of to urn iqu et ( pad - tenn is ball ) 3

Expos e wou n d freel y ( muscl es torn ) 2

Enquir e if dirty (No ) ; if forei g n bod y ( No ) 2

E xcludes fractur es (no n e ) ; c ove r wa rml y 2

Combin ed tre atm ent of patients A. and B

Enquir e d o c t or ( 200 y ar ds ) ; hosp it a l 2 m iles ) 2

A mbu l anc e 2 mi le s) ; pa ien t' s h o me ( r m ile ) 2

S end cyclis t o doctor; de t a il wri tten messag e 3

First deal wi th i nj ur ed a rtery ( P t. 2

K e ep l eg ext ended; dr es s wound

Apply I o di n e fre el y; cov e r cl ean dress in g 2

Good pad; a p p ly n a rro w banda g e firmly 2

Te s t results (ble ed ing c ontrolled ) 3

l\. elax but d o n ot r e m o ve tourniquet 2

I mprovis e pill o w a n d r aise le g- s sl ig htly 2

N e xt treat frac t ur e d p at ell a ( P t. A ) b y 2

Ra isi n g h ead and sh ould e rs, an d b y ra isin g l mb on 2 Long s pl int but ock t o heel ; fix two b a nd ag es ; 2 Contro l fract ure wit h 2 b a nda g es (fi g ure 8 ) 2 Support fo o off grou n d; col d a ppli c at ions 2 Decide n o a ttemp t to remove patIent 4 Until do c or c o m es a nd takes charge 2 N B.-Do c tor a rr ives 10 m nutes after st a rt.

S()UTH-EASTER N AN D C H ATHAM RAIL W A Y

The fin a l Group Com pe tions we re h e ld at the C e ntral Hall, Westminster, on April 7th Th e pr e vious Group C o m p e titions being h e ld at Cant e rbury, at wha t has become know n as an institution in am bulance circles on the SouthEas te rn as Canterbury W ee k.

O n th e whol e, ambulance work has shown considerable impro v e ment on the line this year, and, in comparison w it h some of th e north e rn t e ams, it is of a far higher s tanda rd, and we should not b e surprised to see the SouthEaste rn team placed well up in the final. It was pleasing t o see Mr. E. A. Richards , the Chairman of the Centre aga in taking an a<;tive interest after his serious operation.

The judges in the final wer e K. H. Beverley, Esq.

April, 19 22.

(Individual), and R. B. Duncan, Esq. (Stretcher), who gave their awards as follows :-

1. Hither Green No. 208

2 Bricklayer s Arms No.2 187

3. Addiscom be No I... 182

4 Victoria No. 2 180

At the conclusion of comp e tition, Mrs. P. C. T e mpest presented the Directors' Shield and Stat io nmasters' Fund Shield to the winners.

T he New Ca nterbu ry Pilg r z'ms.

In olden days the Canterbury road

Was oft with pilgrims thronged, Intent to worship at Becket's Shr ne And to p r ay for the Sa int mu c h wronged; Some on horse, and some on foot, They came, both young and old, Keeping to g ether all the way, In case of robbers bold.

To-day another pilgrimage takes place

To the old Cathedral town, Tho' not as Chaucer s pilgrims went, O er the hill at Harbledowll'

The pilgrims travel there by tr a in, All the fields and hedgerow s b y e, Till they clearly view the sa c red fane Towering toward the sky

N or yet as St. Augustine s monks

Wi th hood a nd sandalled feet.

The S.E. Ra ilmen of the Order of St. John

As modern pil g rims meet.

Their prowess in Aid to the injured

They now emulate to test, And seek reward in a silver c up W hich is won b y the team that does best.

-R. J. C ST R ETCHE R 'V OR K

2

An elderly man stood upon a platform wa iting for his trair when he is seen to lurch forward and fall on the railway, str ik ing his temple on the far rail and c ausing a lace rat ed wound, two inches lon g se v ering the temporal arte ry. No. 4 has jumped down in a hurry t o render first a id when he gives a sharp cry as if in pain rubs his r ight leg an d ankle, and when you arrive is unconscious Act as you wou ld

Time li mit 20 m nutes.

Proper division of men -

Number I to si g nal box (to be out 4 minutes ) , 2 to No 5 ; 3 to NO· 4

Communi c ation with s ignal box '"

Request for ambulance mater ial... 2

I mmed iate digital pressure on tern poral artery IO

Removing head off rail into four foot way IO

Removing foot off rail into four foot way 5

Open clothing 2

Head turned to side 2

Bearer now leavin g case and helping at other case 3 ( No.4 to become conscious after 5 minutes but rema m s too da zed to become of practical assistance. )

Head and shoulders raised of No. 5 2

Examination of eyes - Equality of pup l (no difference) 2

Reaction to light and touch (no response )

Ears, I nose, mouth, 2 chest, I j arms, pelvis, Ii legs, r (Normal ) 8

Asking for fracture beneath wound-Nil 2 Pulse (60) full and tense, 5 ; breathing (14), 2 7

'Vashing wound with antiseptic 5

Boric lint, 3 ; wool (good pad ) 2 bandages, 2 7

Position of boot

Cold to head

Preparation of stretcher

NO.5 kept elevated during preparation of stretcher

Testing stretcher, I; placing stretcher, 2; loading stretcher, 3

April, 1922.

Re-examination of patientWound

Eyes- now unequal

Bre athing - now louder and becoming stertorous

Ma rl? cold to hl?ad, 3 ; taking. to waiting room, 3

Ca rnage of patIent, 3; covering lower l imbs, 2

Wa rmth to feet, 2 ; nothing to drink, 3

No stimulant, 3 ; keeping crowd back, 3

See king transport ambulance ( none ava ilable )

Mo tor-what kind (none a vailable )

Lig ht engine and tru ck, 3; what kind, 3

See king doctor, 2; by p hone, 2

F rs t not at home - 'phone for se cond

Ch aracter of message to d')ctor

If s ent by bystander-written

-FIRST

AID.-

Extras

5. - Show how you. would render first a id to a patient suffering from fracture of right arm at the shoulder -joint with bleeding from his nose. '

Bleeding from

Position seated, in current of air, '"

Before open I ; head thrown back,

Left hand raIsed above head... '" clothing, Cold over nose and sp inf', 2

Feet In hot water

Instruct patient to keep mouth open

And see that he does so

Broken arm.

Broad bandage, 3; small arm sling,s

Extras

E n q uiry for hospital ( nearest 20 miles down the line where

the patient lives ) 2

If a ddress on envelope found and made use of 4

NO·4· On returning to consciousness complains of acute

pa in in outer side of right leg, two inches above ankle bone.

N o th ing else be sides feeling sick ; caution against further movement 2

Le g expo s ed, ; two splints, 2 3

Fi ve bandages in correct positions 3

I nc rea!'ed warmth, 3 ; stimulant given , 3 6

Sm elling salts 2

Do uching face with col d water 2

Fu rther ex a mination s ug g ested ( no fu rther in ju r y) 2

Po ss ible e xt ras IO

Deduct ions .- Failure to put away splints and bandages, fol di ng and closing s tretcher , folding bandages on floor, treatng wrong side, stup id questions and answers.

INDIVIDUA L TEST

No. I.-You see a stout gentleman slip and fa ll. On go in g to his aid you find dark blood flowing freely on to the pav ement, wh ile he complains of great p a in in his right ankle.

W h at is the most likely injury or injur ies ?

Sp r ained ankle and burst v a ri c ose vein 3 Render First Aid.

Po s ition of patient, 2 ; ele v ation of limb, 2 4

Ex p ose wound 2 ; di g ital pressure on wound, 2 4

Pad and bandage on wound

Ba ndage below wound , 2 bandage above wound, 2 4

Re move constrictions, 2 support lim b, •. 3

Ba ndage over boot, I ; wet the bandage, 2 3

Ex tr as 3

Nos. 2 & 3 - An assis t ant in an oil and sundries shop falls

WIt h a large b o ttle full of st r ong ammonia which breaks. The sho p is closed and no one but the patient and yourselves is pres ent. A cotta g e hospital is within 200 yards, but is not pr o vided with any means of transport. You are at once consci o us of the blinding and suffocating nature of the fumes and by the fact that the patient has been overcome by them.

Qu estions as to signs may be addressed to the judge.

O n e man admits air freely 3

Th e other protects hands and 2

Covers mouth and nose with damp cloth 4

N o tes position of patient... 2

f rotects his own eyes... 2

A p proaches patient and drags him to open a Ir 3

Is patient breathing ? (No ) 3

Ar t ificial respiration ( Schaefer ) IO

Pro moting circulation and warmth 2

A ny cuts by broken glass ? ( No ) 2

A n y burns? ( Face ) 2

O btaining vinegar and water (equal parts ) 2

Ba thing face and laying an oily mask 2

Tr a nsport to hospital 5

W a tchful care against collapse 3

Ex tras... 5 No. 4.-This man has a fracture of his sternum or breastbo ne. He is conscious. Render first aid.

U n do all tight clothing,s place in easy position, 5 IO

K eep patient quiet, 3 ; keep patient warm, 2

W r itten message to doctor 2

Me thod of transport (to home)-no hosp:tal available 5

LANCASHIRE AN D Y O RKSHIRE R A ILWA Y

The ambulance competitions were inaugurated on the old L & Y. System in 1899, and they have heen held every ) ear exc e pt during the war period The arrangements for the .1922 competitions had made prior to the amalgamatlon of the two Compames 10 January last, and it was, therefore, decided that this year's comp e tition should be carried on on the same lines as previously.

The alterations which will be necessary i n the ambulanc e organisation of the two Centres cons e quent upon the amalgamation is now under consideration, and in all prob..l.bility there will be some modification in t h e competit ion arrang e ments in future.

The preliminary round of the old L. & Y teams, or Division "B," as the L. & Y System is now termed, was held on February 28th, March 1 st, 2nd and 3rd, when 52 teams were judged by Dr. Coates, of Horwich , with t he following result :-

I, Horwich, 293 t points ; 2, Todrnord e n , 29 1 ; 3, Great Howard-street No. I, 2 86 t; 4, Feath erst o ne N o. I, 27 8 j 5, North Docks No. I, 2 7 6!; 6, Manchester Control, 275 ; 7, Holmfirth Branch, 275 ; 8, Bolton No 1,2 75

The eight e ams met in the final round on 2 2n d Marc h at Manchester, when the winners were declared a s follows :-

I, North D o cks, 344 t points 2, Featherstone, 3, Manchest e r Control, 320; 4 Great Howard-str e et, ; 5, Horwich, 253 ; 6 , Bolt o n, 25 2 ; 7, Holmfi r th Bra n Ch, 248 t ; 8, Todmorden, 188.

Mrs. E. W. Stanyforth pr e sented the pri ze s and the gathering was presided over by Col. E. W. Stanyforth Mr. E. B. Fielden, one of the Directors of the Com p any, was also present, together with a number of the Chief Officers included Mr. Geo. Hughes, the Chief Mechanical Engineer

The judges in the final competition we re :-N. Corb et Fletcher, M B , RC.(Cantab.) , M.R C.S ( Eng. ), &c., and R. Connon Robertson, L.M.S.S.A ( Lond .)

TEAM TEST.

Card of lnstructions.-During a thunderstorm y ou four (with full equipment ) are passing along a street in a busy shopping centre, when you hear the report of a shot from a revolver.

Turning round, you observe that an has occurred a short distance away and that a crowd IS collectmg. You note also that a man is lying in the gutter near the kerb, quite close to a horse and cart, and that a postman is bending over patient trying to raise him from the ground. The takes place immediately opposite a restaurant. Act qU Ickly.

N B.-The Judge will only answer questions as to what the proper use of your senses might discover in such an emergency.

Immediate Action.

Mode of reading card and of approach 2

Mode of dealing with crowd and patient 3

Emphatic protest against raising patient· 4

Enquire if horse appears restive (Yes) 3

Detail bystander back and control horse 4

Immediately protect patient against rain 5

By borrowing umbrella from crowd 3

Enquire for lunatic with revolver (gone) 3

Offer take charge of patient (certainly) 3

Tact and discriminatIOn with postman 3

Enquire history from postman 3

Postman says :- The horse was startled by the p lslol and knocked down the man who was in charge and standIng near by. Patient had complained of great pain in his right elbow, which he said he could not move.

Special Action-(Deduct freely for delay ).

Loosen clothes neck, chest, abdomen

Test consciousness by speech (no answer )

By touch (no response ) ; pupils (very sluggish )

Other" standard gUIdes "-:ace (v ery pale )

Pulse at wr;st (feeble ) ; breathing (s hallow)

A5k for visible bleeding (scalp wound-right side)

Ask if arterial (N o) ; if wound clean (Yes)

Ask for visible deformity (rig ht elbow only)

Ask for doctor (No) ; for hospital (8 00 yards )

For ambulance (No ) ; for patient's home (300 yards )

Further action.

Invite po;tman continue assistance

Send at once to restaurant to ask

If patient may be brought in out of rain

Exclude injuries agaiml this step (none)

Give orders prepare and place stretcher now

Remove to restaurant and place thereon

Examination of patient (Half marks if in street).

Examine head first; enquire for irregularity

Beneath wound (marked); brood from ear

Examine righfelbow next; swelling (marked)

Irregularity (inner side ); wound (none )

Exclude other injuries or fractures (none)

Methods of examination (efficiency)

Re-enquire as to patient (marked change)

Face (flushed ); pulse (full and slow )

Breathing (snoring); pupils (unequal)

Treatment of patient ( half marks if in

Fractured base.

Keep on back; head and shoulders slightly raised

Head turned to left; cold applied continously

Wrap warmly; hot bottles (tested and covered)

Nothing by mouth; no smelling salts

. Scalp wound (v enous hleeding).

Enquire foreign bodies (No) ; apply iodine ...

Clean dry dressing; rin6 pad; narro\\' bandage

Neatness and efficiency (no contamination) ... Fractured right elbow.

Support limb throughout; exclude wound (t\u)

Do not make angular splint thin wood

Armpit to below elbow; finger tips to beyond elbow

FIX outer side elbow; three bandages; large sl ing

Neatness and efficiency of methods

Transport of patient.

Ask for doctor (N o); and any change (No)

Arrange someone take charge of horse

Discuss removal and decide fer hospital

Telephone to hospital; message to home

Tact and detail displayed in messages

Decide rapid transport in view of condition

Prepare, test. and place stretcher (slings)

Extra marks if patient already on stretcher ...

Head and shoulders raised; attention to elbow

Unison 0f work; speed; smartness

Diagnosis and report to doctor ...

INDIVIDUAL TE S] S

Bearer No. I.-For certain fractures the Textbook teaches you to use splints and give precise instructions with reference to · the splints. Name each fracture and' state in detail the special instructions given therewith concl!'rning the splmts.

AID.- April, 192 2

Bearers Nos. 2 and 3.-These two men-A and B - were standing at a corner talking together. A motor bus sudde nly swung round the corner, and struck A on the left should er knocking him head first against B, who crashed into a shop fr<lnt window.

A is now sitting on the kerb and complaining of severe pain in his left arm and ankle; B is lying quite close to the shop window surrounded by fragments of glass, and is bleeding profusely from his left forearm. You have no apparatus with you other than three triangular bandagas. Act as you should.

Bearer No. 4.-You are in a hotel and called by a wait er to a bedroom where you find a man lying on the bed full y dressed and apparently in a sound sleep. His face is somew hat flushed and hi!' breathing is heavy. What would you do?

Bearer No. 5.-A man, while cleaning a window of his no nbasemen,t house, falJs 10 feet to the ground. When you re ach him, he is sitting in his front garden, supported by his anxio us wife. He is fully conscious and complains of severe pain In his left forearm. Over his left ear you notice a wound fro m which bright red blood is flowing freely. You have no apparatus with you except a bottle of iodine. Act as you should.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.

During the past two months the divisional (pr'elim inary) ambulance competitions have be en in progr pss throughout the Great Western Railway. There was an entry of no fewer than J 45 teams this year, which con st! tutes another record for the G W.R. Centre, and illustra tes the renewed interest in ambulance work throughout the railway. The highest entry previously was I J 4 tea ms in 1914.

As in past years, Dr. J. M. Carvell has again been the adjudicator, and in company with Mr. W. G Chapm an (Centre Secretary ), has visited the various divisional h ead quarters throughout the Line where competitions in botl:J Advanced and Beginners' Classes have been organised.

For the first time in the history of the Centre pri z,-s have been awarded in kind instead of money, and t te change of piactice has found general favour among the competitors.

The six teams scoring the highest number of marks 10 the divisional competitions met at Paddington for the fin fll competition for the Directors ' Challenge Shield, med als and further prizes, on the 7th inst., when Dr. Carvell was assisted in the judging by Dr. F. A. Brooks.

The tests i:nposed on this occasion were more th a'1 usually interesting, the stretcher case attracting much att ention among the interested spectators, and testing t he resourcefulness of the competitors. In this test the pati ent, who had been thrown from a horse over an iron fence in to a narrow pathway where a stretcher could not be used, h ad to be treated for various injuries, some of which were on ly brought out by examination. The six teams competi ng we re :-Newport (Dock-street), Gloucester No.2, Sto ur bridge Junction, Gloucester NO.4, Kidderminster an d Port Talbot.

The NewpClrt (Dock-street) team, which has a wond er fully Successful record, were the holders of the Challen ge Shield and had, if fact, won it in three successiwe comp eli tions. They were generally regarded as "favourite s I' again this year, having obtained the premier position in regard to marks in the divisional contests. When t he announcement of the result of the competition w'as mad e, however, by Mr. F. J. C. Pole (General Manager) it wa s learned that Gloucester No. 2 team were the victors an d would, as a result, represent the Great Western Railway in the forthcoming competition for the Inter-Railw ay Challenge Shield . .

April, 1922. - FIRST

At the gatbering which followed the competition when the were announced, the General was supported by a number of officers of the Company, th e judges and Dr. Salisbury Sharpe, the Company's medlcal officer. The result was :-1, Gloucester NO.2, 194 ma rks; 2, Newport 181Z; 3, Sr.ourbridg<::: J unction, I 58t; 4, Port Talbot, I46!; 5, Gloucester No . .. 126; 6, Kidderminster, II8.

In congratulating the winning team, the General Manager made reference to the fact that upon the m e mbers of that team would rest the responsibility of representing t he Company in the Inter,Railway Competition. He re o minded them that it was the last opportunity that the G. W.R. would have, in its old formation, of competing for t he trophy. They had been very near success on many o ccasions, but it had not been brought to Paddington. In m oving a vote of thanks to the judges, he said be hoped in replying Dr. Carvell would tell them how it was that, a fter such a long run of successes, Newport had been defeated by Gloucester this year. Mr. Pole then presented t he Directors' Challenge Shield to the Gloucester team and a silver medal to each member, in addition to prizes to the me mbers of the first, second and third teams. He also h anded the "Henry Butt" Challenge Bowl to the Lydney team, who had secured the highest marks throughout th e L ine in the Beginners' Class in the competitiom.

LONDON AND NORTH ·WESTERN RAILWAY.

The final was held at Belle Vue, Manchester, on A pril 5th with Drs. J. Mandall Coates, R. D. Cran, and H . G Cooper jUdging. Wolverton, by winning from a field o f 120, qualify to compete in the Inter-Railway Competiti on. Wolverhampton were runners-up and London-road, M anchester, third. All the eleven teams, who had reached t he final stage received prizes, which were di'3tributed by M r. L. W. Horne, General Superintendent, Southern Di vision.

The judges cornplemerted the L.N. W.R. on bringing It s ambulance work up to pre-war level and having gained more certificates than any other Centre of the St. John A ssociation,

NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAY.

There was a large audience to witnesss the final comt ition held at York on April 8th, Preliminary competitions h ad been held at York, Middlesbrougb, Newcastle, Darling, t on, Hull, and Leeds, and from each of these districts t eams were sent to compete for the Wharton Challenge Sh ield and medals. The judges were Mr. N Corbet Flet cher, M.B., Be (Cantab) M R.C.S" and Mr. R. Co nnon Robertson, L M S S. A (L')ndon).

After a most instructive exhibition oi the practice of re ndering first aid, the Leeds Police was adjudicated the winning with an aggregate of 332t points out of a po ssible 570. It was the Leeds team's second consecutive su ccess, and thus th e members again earned the right to c ompete in the preliminary round for the National Shield, from which they were ousted last year.

The L'1dy Mayoress of York (Mrs. W. H Birch) h anded the shield and medals to the Leeds t e am, which was composed as follows: A. Pearson (captain), A. V. Parnaby, W. Scaife, R. Lancaster, and C. H. L'lngstaff. The total number of points possible was 570, and the aggregates registered were: Leeds Police, 332!; Newcastle, 299t; Hull, Middlesbrough, 248; Darlingto n, 239; and York Police, 139.

al D.

Mr. Frank Penty, chairman of the Centre, presided, and with Ylr. William Hollings (Gates head), as secretary, excellent arrangements had been made.

At the conclusion of the competition, Mr. Penty sai d he had been connected with Centre since 1889, and chairmap since 1895, but never before had he seen such a test as that he had just witnessed; the conclusion had now been arrived at that the ordinary method of placing a man on a stretcher and stopping to examine tbe patient was not the ideal of the thing aimed at. In Dr. Corbd Fletcher they had one of the best judge>, and a man who had decided that a realistic test should be applied.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher then announced the results detailed above, and said he would in due courc;e be submitting his detailed report. He had been surprised at the lack of enterprise displayed by men concerned over a case of a simple fracture of the kuee-cap and four crushed.• fingers. Some of the bearers had not noted the new point of wound classification.

Mr. R. L. Wedgwood proposed a vote of thanks to the Lady Mayoress for so kindly handing the shield and medals to the winning team.

CA:\IBRIAN RAILWAY.

Sixteen ambulance teams-a record entry-competed for the silver challenge shield of the Cambrian Centre at the Queen's Hotel, Aberystwyth, on April 7th. The judges were Dr. Meredith Young (Chester) and Dr. Tullis (Here, ford). The winners were declared to be Oswestry No. I, with 23I i points. The other teams wc:re placed in the following order :-Oswestry Traffic, 230; Afonwen No.2, 229; Barmouth Junction, Lianidloes, 203i; Oswestry Works, 195; Welshpool NO.2, I9ot; Afonwen No 2, 186; Oswestry Shops, 185; Machynlletb, I79 !; Dyfi Junior, I71 i; Aberystwyth, 169; O.3westry EnglOeers, 166Z; Welshponl No. I, 166Z; Oswestry Works Junior, 164; Builth Wells, 141.

The winning team will rEpresent the Cambrian Railways at the St. John Ambulance competition in Lond on on the ?8th inst. Each member will also receive a present of · a silver matchbox from Major David Davies, M.P Chairman of the Company, who will also present the members of the second and third t eams with money prizes. The secretarial duties were efficiently discharged by Mr. T. C. A'Hodson, Oswestry, the Centre Secretary.

Wombw e ll Hospital Movemtnt.-The 3rd annual Ambulance Competition, Sports and Gala will be held on Saturday, June loth , :r922 . The competition is open; a shield and valuable prizes to be competed for. Ettry forms and particulars, May 1st, from Sec. D. Foers, 39, Hough-lane, Wombwell, near Barnsley, Yorkshire. 3: E

The Annual Ambulance Squad Competition and Nursing Competitions will be held at Barnoldswick. on June loth, when the So guinea Si.lver Cballenge Shl;ld and other valuable prizes will be glven squad, a Stiver Cup and other prizes for th.e nursmg competItIOn. Further particulars can be obtamed from Sergt. W. Duxbury, IS, Park-road, Barnoldswick, via Colne.

Wheo correspond iog with Advertisers please meotion "First Ala.."

-FIRST

AID. - April, 1922.

RECORD CARDS.

fetters to the

We are in no way resj(J.nstble lor tlse op,nions expressed, or the statements made, b, Cor,espondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

AMBULANCE SISTERS UNIFORMS.

DEAR SIR,-

In your March issue there appeared a letter under the heading" Nursing Sisters Uniforms" (wrongly so called ) and s igned" A Man in the Street. " It is difficult to believe that a man would venture to even advance an opinion, still less give ad vi ce, in regard to the bonnets, bonnet-strings, cloaks, hats and jackets of ambulan c e sisters, and it is a pity that his attent ion was not better employed on the occasion of the Royal wedd ing than discussing these things with his fr iends and others. -

Further, he claims to be conversant with the views of the police when he states that" the badge is all they want," by which the Brigade mem bers are known. Again he is wrong for it is the original uniform that is recognised, and the is a confirmation thereof.

He the" bla ck buttoned coat with sleeves" preferable, by whIch I presume he means the grey ( in many shades ) worn by the V.A.D. members.

I have no w ish even to discuss this matter with him suffice is to say tbat the ambulance authorities are quite petent to decide details of the sisters ' wearing apparel.

It does not surprise me that he had not the courage to affi x' his name to his letter.-I am, dear Sir, yours truly, AGNES CALViN LINES 93, West End-lane, N.W ,6 Apr il 15th, 1922.

SIR, -

,

Seeing some correspondence recently in your valua ble lIttle paper with keeping , of ,record cards by Ambulance DIVISIons, I enclose for InsertIon It1 your next iss ue for ,the of reader,s and general criticism , card whIch I had pnnted and am using for t his dIVISIon.

The printing very little and the cards will am ply repay all secretarIes who use them, as by this means an accurate record can kept of each member s service, an d I the officIals at St. John's Gate will greatly app rec Iate c heckmg the B.F. J2 ret urns.

I would lIke to suggest to the "powers that be" that all medallions issued to First Aiders, in addition to the medall i()U number, have the year in which they were obtained engraved below the number. If this is done, secretaries will be able to keep an accurate record of members who transfer from oth e r and not have the difficulty existing at present in ascertammg the year.

I shall be glad to hear from ambulance secretaries if th ey experienced the same difficulty in England, and invite an mterchange of correspondence on the subject.- Yours truly, CHAS. E. H. REX, Ambulance Divisional Supt., East London Railway Division Fleet-street, East London, South Afri c a. March 14th, 1922.

INSPECTIONS.

DEAR SIR, -

In your May issue of last year the District Orders for N o Division read as follows :-

," is prc;>posed to hold the Annual Inspection of the N o. r D IstrIct ( PrInce of Wales 's Corps ) on Saturday, July lIth, in Hyde Further particulars will be issued later. " ThIS was a g o od start- giving notice in May about an

Price at Works Northfield, BIRMINGHAM.

The ambulance depicted is a standardised Austin vehicle. Its chassis IS that of the " Austin Twenty" car, noted for its silent runnmg and the flexible pulling of the splendid engme. Stretchers are loaded by sliding them up rails, which hinge and fold inside. The top stretcher is lifted into position by simple winding gear. When the front sliding door is opened it lifts the attendant's seat automatically. As supplied to Government order.

1ITD c: 000 IL1F@o

I7° - F IR S T inspection in July-" a good start is half done, " but unfortunately, in this case, nothing was done. Neither the June nor July Orders had anything to say about the inspection.

The August Orders stated :-

"The Annual Inspection was held in Hyde Park."

You will see that, however or wherever" Further part iClllars" were issued, they did not appear in FIRST AID V.ias it any wonder he Orders in August remarked that it was d i.!>appointing to find that the attendance was smaller than III other years.

If those in authority treat the inspection in this manner, why wonder at the men not turning out fDr the inspection?

As you are no doubt aware, many men regard the inspection not only quite useless but as totally unfair, for the reason that a good, capable and experienced First Aider who cannot 5et once or twice to an inspection is cast out as an inefficient dud and not allowed to take up public duty until he has attend ed the inspection once more, and (by the magic of his attendanc e ) he has been remade into an efficient member of the brigade.

The i nspe cti on affords a happy hunting ground to meet once agai n our old service chums, with the c hance of a cheery gre et ing a nd a hearty shake of the hand. For this reason alo ne, I do not think the inspection is quite worthless, rather sh ould it be made more effective from a bri g ade point of view.

If "An Inspection " means being "looked at" well and good, but if it means "to looks closely into and make a careful official survey " then something has to be done and some vigour and vim put into the affair, then the men will turn up right enough. Pouches, water-bottles and bl ack books will all b e in firs t rate condition, and everyone will return home feeling that the day has not been wasted and another year of joyful effective service is before them,- Yours truly,

T. W H.

Queries and J\nswefs to eorr8spondents.

Jueries will be dealt with under tke tol/owing ru es :-

I.-Letters containin!, Queries must be marked on' tke top lett kana corner of the envelope "Query,?' and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

:J.-All Queries must be accom,patzied by a " Query Coupon" cut /1'011 tke current issue ot tke Journal, or in case ot Queries trom abroQ( trom a recent issue.

?-Tke Textbook, to whick reference may be made in these columnJ is tke36th (£920) Edition of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

STRUCTURE OF KNEE AND ANKLE JOINTS.

C. R. Hyde ).-(1) Does the patella enter into the structure of the joint or not ? (2) Also, does the fibula playa more part in j oint than the patella does III knee JOlllt? Bemg III doubt on the se points we welcome your decision.

, (r) Strictly speaking, th e patella-being separated from tIbIa by a pad of fat and a bursal sac-is outside the knee join t. S ince its function, however, is to fac litate movements of t he it is ne:vertheless esseI?tial to (and regarded a:; part the Jomt; and, If fractured, bnngs about loss of power of hmb.

(2) No. Each bone is essential to the structure of its Joint.-N. COR BET FLETCHER.

A GREETING

A. B. -W e were pleased to welcome you on your recent VISlt to the of England and to convey to you personally our appreclatlOn of your invaluable articles n FIRST Am and your unceasing efforts on our behalf.

To the Men of Jarrow greetings and best thanks.-N.C.F.

A I D- April, 1 922

BURNS AND ADHERENT CLOTHIN G

J. B. T. ( Durham ) -In the section (dealing with Burn s) of your most interesting articles on "Common Erro rs in First Aid" you point out that students in competiti ons often pull out a knife and say -" adherent clothing is bei ng removed."

Now, I always thought that adherent clothing shoul d not be removed but be cut round and allowed to soak off Am I right or wrong?

Y.ou are" right, " and I was" wrong" in that? while call ing attentIOn to a double error, I cQrrected one detail and mis sed the other. Frankly, I thought the second too obvious to requ ire comment! However, I recognise now and confess my sin of omi ss ion !

By the way, are you not also at fault in omitting to mention the warm b ic arbonate of soda solution as the means by wh ic h " adherent clothing should be allowed to soak o ff" ? Will you now cry-" Quits )) ?-N. C. F.

FRACTURES OF CLAVICLE AND RI BS

A. K Please tell us what is the correct treatm en t for simple fractures of clavicle and of fourth and fifth ribs of same side.

Treat the fractured clavicle and the ribs wi ll look afte r themselves ! The St. John Sling will prevent muscular strain and the tranverse body-bandage, by fixing arm to body, \Vii i serve the purpose of the two bandages usually applied for s im ple fracture of ribs.-N. C. F.

TREA TMENT OF BURNS.

M. D. ( London ). -I also find your "Commo n Errors in Firs tA id" most useful to me in my lectures; and I congrat ulate you on your latest (and, may I S::lY , best ) contribut io p to the subject.

I would, however, ask how i n the se c tion dealina wi tL Burns you justify your statement that the Textbook no \ offers choice of three dressings- ( I ) cotton wool, ( 1 ) lin and boric ointment, and (3) lint soaker! in bicarbonate of soda solution. am not trying to pick hole s in yo ur artice, but I cannot find the last named in the Te xtbook.

Reading between the lines of the instructions on p. 11 2 and combining these instruct ions with those on p. 207, I consid er that the Textbook does intmd t o advocate such a dress ing , providing that cottonwool or boric ointment are not availab le Otherwise I cannot reconcile the instructions- " soothing loti on serve to soak off" ( p. 12 ) and" clothing adhering left unt il medical aid obtained " (p. 207 )

Further, what is the difference in end-results between immersion in the lotion and application of lint soaked in it?

Many thanks for your congratulations and good wishes .N.

C. F.

TREA TMENT OF AR TER IAL BLEEDING.

J. S. ( Liverpool ).- What s teps should be taken to arres t arterial bleedmg from p.llm of hand or sale of foot, forei gn bodies being present in wounds? Where should indire ct pressure be applied ?

Apply indirect pressure just above wrist on radial an d ulnar or immedi,ately below ankle (inner aspect) on posten or tlblal artery, whIle you remove foreign bodies (Te xtbook, p. 84). If foreign bodies still present, do not search for them ( p. 84 ) and if likely" to cause further damage if presse d upon" omit pad ( p. 85) :iress wound lightly, and keep up indirec.t pressure. until medical aid obtained or, failing this, for a maXlmum penod of half an hour (p. 86 ), at end of whic h relax pressure and test results. - N,C.F.

Stretchers, with Slings, .:65 do zen, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

IODEX is a First - Aid Dressi ng of great merit-painless and bland, It prom ote s rapid he aling and is ideal in septic 'Wounds, tears, abraSions, bruises, burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

IODEX is non-staining, nonirri tating Iodine of great penetrative po'Wers. It is a markedly absorbe n t and an tiseptic, and rapid ly reduces inflammation.

go % of the Doctor3 ot this country prescribe and use IO DEX in inflammatory conditions and wherever Iodine is indicated. OF ALL CHEMISTS. Price 25.

M ENLEY & "AMES, Ltd. 64, Hatton Ga.rden, London, E.C.

II _I ·'1,

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Are ideal dressings for factories and workshops.

A Short History of The ORDER OF ST. JOHN of Jerusalem.

A record of rooo years of unselfish heroi,m, or fai th crowned with "ictory, of vivid historical pageantry, from 1 014 0 1919.

Prom Godfrey de Bouillon to Lord AlIenby.

T he whole undying sLory of this wonderful orga ni sation that has survived all the changes and chance3 of wars, revolutions, and apathy, will be found in this concise little volume.

A Book of Absorbing Interest.

Here are names to conjure with-Raymond ot Tripoli, Cceur de Lion, Saladin, Don John the Victor of Lepanto, La Valette.

The whole Romance of the 8=pointed Star.

By E. M. TENISON.

Wi.h frontispiece of a Knight of the Order, and a Por trait of H. R.Il. The Prince of Wales in the l<obe of the Order.

Paper, 3s. 6d net. Postage 4d. Also Cloth, 55 , net, and an Edi tion·de-Luxe, in i-leather, 65 copies only, each signed and numbered by the Author, 105 6d. net.

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FIRST-AID X-RAY ATLAS OF THE ARTERIES

By H. C. ORRIN , O.B.E., F.R.C.S .( £d.), Examiner in First -".J id.

This is the only Atlas of its kind It is pocke t size and consists of 20 Figures and Plate; of the Arterial System with Pressure Points ind ic ated. Price 2 /6 net (postage 2d.)

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POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION RE ADING" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC." Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once A member Of S.J.A.B. writes :_H I feel deeply indebted lor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses but could never find where to get such." (T. B.) , Special terms now-half fees-to of S.].A.B., &c. Ap ply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDRN, Sec., Westmmster Coll ege (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 18 74) 11 2. St. George's Road, Southwark. London. Price 6d. net. Post 'free 7d. NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED. By Sidney H. Lamb. A Handbook in a tahulated and simplified form giving the main points in firs t aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon St.,

J ONDON, E,C.4.

Questions and Answers on Ambulance Work.

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I922.

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C M G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy Kaiser-i-Hind Meda li st, Barrister-at-Law

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THE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE.

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AID. - April, J 922

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c .,

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Fifth Edition. Post free , 18. , SlmpI lfled wIth Aids to Memory.

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Second Edition. Price 9d •• post free.

" Home-Nursing and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory

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THIRD KDITIO N.

By R. J BLACKHAM, C.B C M.O C I.E ., D 5 0" M. D, (I) POISOning,. (2) Il oemo rrh age, Ime.n sibility, (4) Asphyxia (SusBreathmg), (5) Fractures, Dlslocatwn c and Sprains, (6) Wo ur ds, BItes, Surns,. Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injurie s. T he Series con tains all the e se ntlals of First Aid. Printed on linen-lin ed card s, 31" x 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS

By NOEL D. M V.O .• M.D., P.R..C.P•• Fscp. 8vo. hmp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULA NCE TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUST, 1914 to APRIL 191 5

By "WAGON-LIT." free ' • JOHN BALB,

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

NOTICE TO READER.5.

FI R.ST AID is published on the of each month. The An nual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should rea ch him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied ( ot necessarily for t;ublication) by the name and address of the Co rrespondent.

Subscriptions, AdvertIsements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

7 elegraphic Address.' "Twentv-four, London."

7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

THE blue riband of the railway ambu-

The lance world, the Railway Challenge I nter= Railway Shield, has again be e n keenly contested Competition. and wop. The winning team represent ed the Al e xandra (Newport and S outh Wal es) Docks and Railway Company.

am bulance men, "and it is gratifying to notice with what interest those present followed the work of the competitors, and how observant they were to note points of distinction between the treatment afford e d by the respective teams. It, indeed, seemed a pity· that they should not have been provided with the fullest particulars of the team-work " case" on the programmes, for the brief printed statement offered no clue to the "patient's" supposed injuries, and one could not help thinking that a unique educational opportunity was thereby lost. Had the full details of the " case" been supplied the work of the competitors would have proved of considerable instructional valu e to all the first aid ent husiasts assembled to witness it.

As in past years the interest centred largely round the team-work test, but whereas the individual injuries were described on the programmes in some detail, the only information supplied was a bald statement that "the patient has been knocked down by a horse in the suburbs of a large town," no information being provided as to the real extent of the "injuries."

"FIRST AID " QUERY and REPLIES COUPON

It is doubtful if any other country can produce a more t fficient body of ambulance workers than that which as sembles annually under the auspice s of the St. John A mbulance Association to comp ete for the Railway C hallenge Shield. In the case of the large r railways, the re presentative teams have been selected by a series of el iminating contests, and this year no fewer than twentyfo ur teams were entered by their r e spective railways for the competItIOn. A preliminary round had reduced the n umbe r to nine, who faced the judges in the final comp e titi on at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, on the 11th i nstan t.

As in past years, th e competltIOn was att e nded by a large numb er of spectators, compos e d chiefly of railway

Our readers will be aware that for many years past we have advocated the infusion of more realism into first aid competitions and, whilst maay of the railways are now doing so much in this direction, it is somewhat surprising that in the premier competition of the country the competitors should be left to tax th eir imaginations with regard to "supposed surroundings" when so much might be done to assist them in this direction, whilst at the sam e time making the tests approximate more to real "cases."

Despite these shortcomings (which we trust will receive the attention of those r e sponsible for the competition ) the competition was a great succe ss. Towards th e afternoon the spectators in the Pillar Hall considerably overtaxed the seating accommodation provided, and one wond er ed what would have happened if thp, "Dewar" Shield (Brigade) Competition had been held at the same time and place as was done in past years The wisdom of th e welcome chan ge of practice was apparent to all concerned.

We should like to add just a few words about the social side of the "Inter," as it is familiarly called. The

-F IR S T occasion brings together old campaigners in the cause of first aid, who have no other opportunity of meeting and exchanging notes. Among the interested spectators in the Pillar Hall we noticed men prominent in !imbulance work for many years, secretaries, lecturers, judges, etc., whilst many first aid veterans, who had themselves competed in contests of former ye ars, were hobnobbing together and fighting their battles over again. There is a friendly spirit abroad on this day, and ambulance workers are a friendly lot of people. Long may they be spared tu look forward to the red-letter day of the ambulance workers' year when winners, losers and supporters all prove themselves good sportsmen as well as good "first aiders " We wish them many happy returns of the day.

3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special referen ce to good and bad iJoints in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column.

A RE SOURCEFUL ACTION.

Resourcefulness is so essenti a to }< irst Aid that examples are always interesting from w hatsoever source they be derived -as in this instance.

Running down a steep hill a small touring motorcar, driven by a woman, arrived at a crossroad-formed by the union of four roads - j ust a s a man, who was on horseback, came galloping out of one of the side r?ads. I t was too late for either to pull up or eyen to alter the,Ir Indeed, a bad smash seemed ineVItable when the rIder, wIth remarkable resourcefulness and presence of mind, gathered his horse for a great effort and jumped clean over the motorcar. Except for a few scratches from the hedge into which they fell, neither rider nor horse were any the worse for their adventure, while the lady also escaped with a severe fright only.-B , A., Cambridge.

FIRST A ID WTTH RE SOURCEFU LNESS.

Not long ago I was called to a ne ig hbour and his wife whom I found lying in a state of collapse In their kitchen. Seeking a possible cause, I found none except that an hour previously, after eating some stewed rabbit for their dinner, they had. been suddenly taken ill and had become progressively worse. Both patients were, in spite of the collapse, in a curiously excited condition, their face, being flushed and their pupils widely dilated.

Unable to obtain medical a ssistance and being at a loss to explain the occurrence, I decided, in the absence of any other possible cause, to treat for food poisoning by giving emetics of mustard and water, followed by castor oil and hot strong coffee, and by keeping patients recumbent and well packed up with blankets and hot -water bottles. After an hour's vigorous treatment I waS gratified by signs of recovery in both patients.

Soon afterwards the doctor arrived, expressed satisfaction with my treatment, and attributed the sudden illness to Belladonna Poisoning, probably due to the rabbit having eaten deadly nightshade berries, which though highly poisonous to human beings are not harmful to rabbits. Both patients made rapid and uninterrupted recoveries.-M. R., Cannon-street.

When correspoodjng with Advertisers please mention PiNt AWo."

AI D- May. 1922

:The Grand 3lriory of the Order of the )(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Snglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:Jhe St. John J\mbulance Sriga de.

No. Distric.t COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

DISTRICT ORDERS

.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL JUNE, 1922.

Sunday, 4th.-No 46 Division, Ilford.

" Ith.-No. 47 " L.B. & S.C.R., Willow Walk.

" 18th.-N o. 49 " Erith and Distr ict.

" 25th.-No. 50 " Cheshunt and Waltham.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

R.N.A.S.B. RESERVE.

The Annual Inspection of this Reserve will be condu cted by an Inspecting Officer from the Admiralty in the Spo rts Grounds of the S()uth Metropolitan Gas Company, Old Kentroad, at 7 p.m. precisely, on May 27th. Entrance at 709, Olel Kent-road, S.E.1. Separate notices have been sent to the Divisions concerned.

DISTRICT COMPETITIONS.

On Saturday, April 29th, competitions were held at t he Northampton I nstitute for the" Efficiency Cup," compete d for by Ambulance Divisions, and the Preliminary Competition for the" Perrott Shield," with results as follows :-

"Efficiency Cup II Competition.

May, 1922.

-FIRST

the Lady Superintendent-in· Chief, Lady Perrott, R. R.C., presented the Cup to the Team winning the ," Efficiency Cup. " RE-EXAMINATIONS.

Much unnecessary trouble is given to the Headquarters S taff, and delay incurred, owing to the fact that when application is made for permission to hold annual re-examinations full particulars are not furnished.

Repeated instructions have been given in District Orders to the '! ffect that applicants should state the name and address of Div:sional Surgeon, the date and address at which the examination is to be held; and the number of candidates examined. Unless this information is given extra corresponde nce is involved.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending newsp aper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publica tion of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N.C.O. CLU D - On Thursday, June 1st, at Messrs. W. H. S mith & Sons' Club, II, Milford-lane, Strand, commencing at 7.3 0 p m., Staff-Sergt. Hayes (No. 5 Division ) will give a lecture entitled" What an N.C.O. SHOULD Know. "

Being- an interesting subject all members should make a s pe cia l effort to attend. N.C.O.'s of No. District are also Inv ited to this lecture.

Items dealing with ambulance and Brigade work have b een discussed at these meet ngs which have been both instr uctive and helpful to all. Divisional Secretary's specially inv ited

No. 7 (TOYNBEE HALL) DIVI SION.-On March 18th Sup t. A. Newton took the chair on the occasion of the third A nnual Dinner of the above at the "Eastern Hotel." A go odly company of members of the Division had assembled, su pported by a number of past memhers, and all settled down to enjoy the Annual Reunion of good fellowship which an imates the Division.

A toast to "The Division " was proposed by Corps S er g t. Major J. Lomas, the recalled reminiscences of the Di vision 30 years ago. In reply the chairman expressed t hanks, and read letter s from past members amongst whom were numbered Commissioner W. H. Winney, O.B.E, Supt. S tatham (No, 10 Division) and Reserve Officer J. A. S. Co leman, w ho together with a number of others expressed r egret at the r inability to be present. Reference was made to t he loss sustained by the Division in the death of the late Hon. S urgeon Dr. H. Emlyn Jones, and high tribute paid to his st erling work.

Presentation was then made of the "Emlyn Jones" Cup wi th medallions to Pte. C. E. Bower (winner for second year in s uccession ), 2nd, Pte. T. J. Sanderson, and 3rd, Pte. Mulford, a mid he a rty applause, followed by the presentation to Pte. P hillips of his Long Service Medal.

"The Visitors" was presented by the Vice ·President, St aff-Sergt. C. Bower, in a few well-chosen words, a reply b eing given by Mr. E. Kimber, a former Superintendent.

A wholly enjoyable evening was terminated with "Auld La ng Syne."

The arrangements were in the hands of the Divisional Social Committee, the M.C. for this occasion being the Hon. S ec., Pte. C. E. Bower.

No. 5 District.

AI D.- 175

reaching home afterwards, but to the few who could remain, it proved to be a pleasant function.

The Final of the Distri c t Nurs ing Competition was held in the Artillery Drill Hall, Sheffield on April 8th. The winning team was to hold the e Bir kbe c k Bowl" which has been given by Mrs. Birkbeck, the Lad y District Superintendent, for annual competition, amongst the Nursing Divisions of the Districts.

The Judges were Dr. Sydney Barber and Miss Bolton, Matron of the Jessop Hospital, Sheffiel d.

The winning team was Sheffiel d with 133 marks; second, Cresswell with II3; third, Derby with 1.

No. 9 District.

By the death of Lady Supt. Gale, of the Plymouth Cooperative Division. the West Country has lost one of the pIoneers of Brigade work amon g wom en

In 1907, on the formati on of the Division, she was appointed Supt., and has effe c t iv e iy led it right up to the day of her death. She did considerable \Var work, and possessed the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

The annual inspection of Messrs. \V. & R. Jacob & Co.'s Ambulance Division was held on \V ed nesday, April 12th, at the Recreation Hall, Bishop·street.

The Inspecting Officer wa s the Commissioner, Sir John Lumsden KB.E., M.D In the course of his address, he Divis io n on its,e.fficiency and nn ning the DistrI c t League CompetItIOn and the Commlsslonel s Medal.

The Division par a ded 37 officers and men, several not being present owing .to , Following the lDspe c tIOn the Annual ,DlVlslonal ShIeld Competition was held, fO':lr teams competIng. Two of the teams tied and thIS ne c ess Itat e d an extra to each NO.4 of the teams which resulted in te am comprising Ptes. Cushen, Moore, Nolan and Su ll ivan winning the Shield and Medals by one point.

Captain Milson, R.A.l\1.C ., Officer Connor,. an? Assistant Commissioner VV G. Smith kmdly acted as adJudicators.

An Individual Division a CompetItIon was also held for all men who h:::ld not attained the ir M e dallion, winners being declared as follows, after a very close competitIOn Pte. Cleary, 69; 2nd, Pte. Corrig-an, 68 3rd, ,P,te. Brannick, 67; In the Cadet Se c io n l\1 ed al CompetitIOn, Cadet D. h.elly was placed first.

Assistant Commissioner Col. R. J. Dlackham, C.B., D.S.O., g-ave a very charming a n.d lecture entItled "With the White Army in RUSSi a," at Brigade Headquarters on Saturday, April 29th, 19 22: "

Col. Blackham gave a VIVId deSCrIptIOn of the conditIOns prevailing in and around Arc h a n gel afte r the War and of the work of the R.A.M.C in Russia. .,

The chair was taken by the Comm1ssloner, Sir John Lumsden, K. B. E., and most of the District and Corps Officers were present, includin g Dr. ,W ebb, M.B.E., Mr, A.. J. Connor, M.B.E., Miss Blandford, MISS Overend, Mr. J. H \\ ebb, !\Ir. A. J. MacWilliam, and amon gs o thers present were Mrs. Blackham, Miss Lumsden, Mr s Forde, Mrs. A. J, MacWilliam, Mrs. Jackson, Mrs. M a nder s, 1\1rs. Blandford, Mr F. J. Horne, and many others.

The Examiners were Assistant Commissioner Lieut.-C ol. S. A. Brooks, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, Dr. R. Connon Robertso n, The Matron of Charing Cross Hospital, and a Sister from th e hospital for Supt. Liddell.: l -=-:-...i\,t- or"

There was a large attendance of visitors and at the clos e

SHEF FIE LD.-On Saturday, April 22nd, at Sheffield, Commissioner S. W. Malkin presided over a staff meeting, Conference of Officers and the Annual Officers' Dinner held at the Royal Victoria Hotel.

Matters of importance and interest were fully discussed at the Conference which was fairly well attended, several officers were unable to stay for the dinner owing to the difficulty of

Sir Robert Tate, K. B.E., and the Officers of the Dublin University O.T.C. have the St. John Ambulance B' de in I reland with the pi p es and drums of the recently d T1b g a ded DUO T C Pipers Ba n d. Needless to say these IS an , hI)' ) D d instruments are a most addl tlol! to t e an The Commissioner has wntten the thanks of the Officers and member s of B r.l gade to Sir Robert Tate and the Committee for this splendid gift.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

APRIL, I922.

The Chi ef Commissioner has sanction e d th e followilJg appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS )

No. 33 (South Metropolitan Gas Company ) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Ruby Stubbington to be Lady Divisional Supt., 30 J22

No. 47N ( Fmsbury) Nursing Divis ion. - Ambulance Sister Rebecca Adelina Goodw in to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 11+22.

No. 44 (West London ) Division.-Sergt. Thomas Appleton to be Ambulan ce Officer, 12.4.22

84 (Twickenham ) Division.-Capt. Tohn Rudd Leeson, M.D., M.R.C S., etc, to be Divisional Surgeon, 1422

NO.2 DISTRICT

Cheltenham Corps.-Sergt. Henry Georg e Ballinger to be Corps Sergt. Major, 26-4.22

Bristol Corps ( Bristol Nursing Division ) -Ambulance

Sister Mirian Phelps to be Lady Ambulance Offi c er, 24.3. 22

Reading Nursing Division.-Julia Hartnett to be Nursing Officer, 24.3.22

Bournemouth Nursin g Di vision. - Lady Ambulanoe

Officer Gunton Turner transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1. r.22

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Medical Mission Division).-Horace Bagster Wilson, O.B E., M.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7-4 22

Birmingham Corps (Curzan-street L.&N.W.R. Division).

-Ambulance Officer John Edward Matthews to be Divisional Supt., 10-4.22

BirmIngham Nursing Corps.-Lady Corps Officer Miss E. Biggs reverted to Lady Ambulance Officer at own request and is transferred to the Winchester Nursing Division, 1.5. 22

Wellingborough Corps ( Rushden Division ).-Reginald

Wynyard Davies, O B.E., Ch B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.4. 22

Kettering Corps. - Capt. Laurence Mursell Gotch to be Corps Supt., 144 22

Northampton Corps (Daventry Nursing Division) -Mary

Ann Elizabeth Edmunds to be Lady Divisional Supt., 12422

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Manchester and Salford Corps (North West Manchester Division).-E. Angus Humphreys, L.M., L S.A., L.M.S to be Divisional Surgeon, 10422

Heaton Park (Manchester) Nursing Division.-Ambulance

Sister Annie Elizabeth Whittaker to be Lady Divisional Supt., 29.3.22

Chesham (Bury) Nursing Division. -Ambulance Sister Alice Hopkinson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 21.3. 22

Birkenhead Corps (Cammell Laird Division).-Ambulance Officer Simpson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9 5.22

Ambulance Officer H. Jones resigned, 9.5.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

County Surgeon William Thomas Wood L.RC.P., L.RC.S., to be District Surgeon, 19-4.22, vice Dr: Montague Helm deceased.

Silverdale Division (Betley Section ).-Tom H. Harriso n, L. R.C.P., M.RC S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13-4.22

Worksop Division.-Francis John Morris to be Divisional Surgeon and Supt., 12-422

Chesterfield Division. - Arnbulance Officer Charl es Edwards to be Divisional Supt., 19-422

Keith B. M ac Glashan, M. D., D.P H., F RC.S , to be Divisional Surgeon, 28.3 .22

Divisional Supt. E. Russell transferred to the B ri gade Reserve, 28.2.22

Retford Division. - Ambulance Officer John Harkl ey Montague to be Divisional Supt., 22.4 22

Hanway R. Beale, M.D , L.RC.P., to be Divisional Su rgeon, 22-422

N ottmgham Corps ( Carrington Division ).-Corpl. Alfre d Edmund Tugby Whitworth to be Ambulance Officer, 25 4 22

Derbv Nursing Dlvision. - Eli zabeth Labrey Ashby, M .B., h.B., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 25-4-2'2

Mansfield Dlvision. - Pte. William Henry Vardy to be Ambulance Officer, 28-4-22

Nottingham Corps ( Lenton Division ).-Ambulance Offi cer

R Peels resigned, 9 5.22

Bradford Corps (Bradford City Nursing Division).-La dy Ambulance Officer Kirstan Sheard to be Lady Division al Supt., 34 22

Langwlth Colliery Division.-Stuart Kingsley Poo le, L. M.S.S.A , to be Divi::.ion a l Surgeon, 28. 3 22

HellIfied Division.-Divis ional Supt. A. Palamountain resigned, 21.4.22

Dewsbury and District Corps.-Corps Officer H. All ott transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 14.11.21

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Armstrong Whitworth Corps.- Corps Officer G. Nich olson resigned, 9.5.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps (Stoke Section, Devonp ort Central Division ).-Gordon Oriel, M.B., Ch.B., to be Division al Surgeon, 4-4-22

Newton Abbott Corps ( Newton Abbott Division ).-Di visional Surgeon J. Hatfield, transferred from late Abbotske rswell Divislnn, 21.4.22

Redruth Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer F. H arns resigned, 21.4.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. Frederick Gooderham to be District Office r, 20-4 22

Corps Officer Guy Bantoft to be District Officer, 21.4 22

Corps Officer Albert Charles Hill to be District Office r, 22-4. 22

Corps Officer Thomas Damant to be District Office r, 234. 22

Staff Sergeant Arthur Lord to be District Sergeant Majo r, 20 4. 2 2

No. 12 DISTRICT.

North Dublin Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. McKa y resigned, 25-4.22

Naas Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officers Lad y Albreda Bourke, Mrs. Greer, O.B. E., and Mrs. Mills to be transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 4 5.22

SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY DISTRICT.

London Bridge Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Dorothy M. Fisher to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 9422

May, 1922. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 177

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :

NO.1 DISTRICT.

No. 44 (West London ) Division re-named No. 44 (Acton) Division, 1.4 22

No. 79 (Genera! Electric) Division.-Disbanded, 29.3.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Skelmerdale Division.-Disbanded, 29.3 22

North, East and West Divisions of the Mandester Constables Corps.- Disbanded, 29.3.22

Kirkham Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 29.3. 22

Wardle Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 29.3.22

Widnes Nursing Division.-D isbanded, 29.3 22

Sabden Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 29 3.22

Whitworth Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 29 322

N o. 5 DISTRICT.

Longton and District Corps.-Sanctioned, 28.2.22

Handsworth and District Division.-Sanctioned, 26.4.22

Hartington Colliery Division.- Sanctioned, 7-4-22

Whitwell Collieries Division.-Sanctioned, 28.3.22

Betley Section, Silverdale Division.-Sanctioned, 13-4.22

Barlboro' Division.-Disbanded, 23,3.22

Doe Hill Ambulance Division.-Dlsbanded, 21.4.22

Duffield Ambulance Division.-D isbanded, 21.4.22

Wolley and Da rton Division.-Disbanded, 21-4-22

Dearne Valley Ambulance Div ision.-Disbanded, 21.4.22

Honley D ivision.-Disbanded, 21-4-22

Addingham Saction (Skipton ) Division.-Disbanded,

2 1.4 22

Sutton-on-Sea Section ( Boston ) Division.-Disbanded,

2 1-4-22

Spalding Railway 21.4.22

B rchwood Nursin g DlvlsLOn.-Dlsbanded, 21.4 22

Wakefield Nursing Division.Disbanded, 21.4 22

Kidsgrove Nursing Division.-Di sbanded, 21.4.22

B irstall Nursing Division. - Disb a nded, 2 1-4022

Thornhill Lees Nursing Division.-Disbanded 21.4.2 2

Dearne Valley Nursin g D ivis on. - D is b a nde d , 2LP2

Honley Nursing Division - D sbanded , 2 I.4 .22

Crosby Nursin g Division.- Disb a nded, 2r.4.22

Goole Nursing Divis ion.-Disbanded, 30 4.22

N O.6 DI STRICT.

N ewcastle -on- Tyne 23 3. 22

N O 8 DISTRICT.

Nursin g Divi s ion. - Disbanded, Faversham Division.-Disbande d , 8 3.22

N O.9 DI STRIC T

Stoke Section, Devonport Central Division. - Sanctioned, 11.4. 22

St. Budeaux Section, Devonport Central DlVIsLOn.-Sanctiolled, 11.4.'22

Abbotskerswell Division.-Disbanded, 21.3 22

No. JO DISTRICT.

City of St. Alban's Division.-Sannioned, 22-4-22

No. I2 DISTRICT.

Headquarters Nursing Division. Sanctioned, 4422

DEATHS.

District Surgeon J. Montague Helm, No. 5 District, 10.3. 22

Divisional Surgeon J. Mearns, G.C.R Leicester Corps, 4.5. 22

Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Barber, North Dublin Nursing Division, 25.4.22

Divisional Surgeon T. H. Smith, Reddish DIVISion, 10.3. 22

Ambulance Officer G. Peace, Dewsbury DIVISion, 11.4.22

Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Gale, Plymouth Co-operative Nursing Division, 4422

Corps Sergeant-Major Phipps, Cheltenha:n Corps, 2.5.22

JA MES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During April thirteen V.A. D. Nursing memb ers have been pJsted to Ministry of Pensions' Hospitals.

We have received from the C e ntral Committee on Women s Training and Emp loyment, the report printed b elow regarding V.A. D. members trained by this Committe e.

The Committee came into being som e two and-a-half y e ars ago, its object being to assist in obtaining training, wom e n who were unemployed or whose earnmg capacity or opportuniti e s had be e n injuriously affected as a result of conditions arisin g out of th e war. It was felt that many V. A. D. memb e rs we re e sp ecially eligible for assistance from the Corn mittee b e caus e by undertaklOg duty as V.A.D. members in the war, a la rge pr? p ortion of women had r e linquished th e vocatio nal trammg they had already ente red upon or th e op p ') rtunity of taking training, and on d e mooilisation found t he ms elves finanCIally unable to r e turn to it. All V.A.D memb er s th e refor e who app lie d to H e adquarters for advice as to. the futu ff:: wer e put into touch with the Centra l CommItt ee, and 10 c a s e s a lett e r of recommendation was d e spa tcned on their b e h a lf to the Committe e

It is inte restin g t o notic e the diver sity of chosen and when it is r e membered that In additIOn to affo rded by the Central Committ ee some mem bers have trained und :; r the V.A. D. Sch?larshlp Sch e me, it will be seen that our m e mbers are ?esuous of continuing to giv e us e ful service to the

A very large numb er are in ge n e ral as nurses at th e pres e nt time. Th e s e are not re.c e lvm g aSSIstance from any fund but are living on the salan e s. paId to them.

Total numbe r of V.A.D. memb e rs aSSIst e d up to date by the C e ntral Committ ee, 26 4:

Number assist e d from AprIl 1St, 1921, up to date, 72 Professions chos e n :-

Law

Secretarial and Clerical work

Accountancy

Translation

Nursing

Massage and S. R. E.

Radiography

Midwifery

Dispensary and ChemIstry

Dentistry

Medicine

Hospital Almoner ' s work

Health Visiting and Welfare work

Probation Officer'S work

Police

Physical Culture and Dancin g

Eurhythmics

Music and Sin g ing , Art, CommercIal Art and Metal Work

Teaching

Domestic Science

School Matrons, I nstitutional Hou s ekeeping and Cookery

Dressmaking ...

Riding Hairdressing

Children's Nursing

Poultry and Dairy work

Gardening

Trainings comp lete d 88.

Of these 74 hav e ob tai ne d po sts.

The Order of St. Jo hn h a s sus tain e d a great loss in the death of Mrs. Tal b ot, Mt. Talbot, Co Roscommon, and Castle Dillon, Co. Armag h. Mrs Talbot, who was a Lady of Grace of the Order of S t. John, had for many years bee n an indefatigable worker in t h e t wo counti e s with which was associated in Irelan d . In a ddition to b e ing a VlcePresident she had acted a s C ounty D irecto r in Co. Armagh with great success. She di e d suddenly in Dublin in April.

The Secretary of the V A. D Lawn Tennis Association is anxious to hear from all who d esire to continue their membership of the Associati on t his year. Th e Association has the chance of obtaining t h e us e of two beautiful r e d courts at Hendon. These courts will be available every afternoon from 4 p.m., and o n Sa turdays and Sundays. They cannot be secured, h o wev e r, unl e ss th e Association has ce rtain ade q llate finan cial support for this season, and therefore it is to be hop e d that all V .A.D. members in the London area wh o d esir e to belong to the Association will forward their nam es without d e lay to the Tennis Secretary, V.A. D. Cl ub, 28, Cavendish-square , W.1.

The Secretary, Joint Wome n' s V. A.D. D e partmEnt, 19, London, W. I, h o lds the British War and Victory M e dals, and in som e cas es the 1914-15 Stars in respect of the V.A.D me mber s whose names are given below.

These medals have in a ll cas e s b ee n returned through the Post Office, a s th e ladi es are no longer at the addresses to which the me d al s were forwarded

Any information whi c h ca n b e giv e n as to th €ir present addresses, to enable the Se c reta ry to des p atch the medals to these ladies, will be of grea t val u e.

Mrs. Estelle Cecilia Chamb e rs , Lo ndon 2 10 B. R.C S.

Miss Kathleen Margu erit e Jackso n E. R. Yorks Res., St John.

Miss Pauline Jones, County Dubl in 32 , B R. C.S.

Mrs. Violet Sophia Jane Linden, fo rm erly Mrs. Smith, nee

Sheppard, Hants Res , B R .C .S.

Miss Dorothy Louise Martin, Devon 94, B.R.C.S

l\tJ iss Lorna Pears, London 40, B. R C. S

Miss Rosamond Spedding, Londo n 148, S t. John.

Mrs Gladys Margaret Clara T homson , W orcester 30, St. John.

Mrs. Maud Watson, London 52 , B.R.C .S.

Miss Kate Weatherby, Lon d on 146, B.R.C.S.

Miss Catherine Smith, Lon don 88 , St. John.

ST. IVES . -SllPt. Thoma s was with his long service medal cn the o ccasi on o f the motor am bulance being handed over to t h e Di vis ion.

3 E

NEWCASTLE.-The Lo rd M ayor pres e nted medallions and certificates to member s o f the City Division on April loth. Amongst those pres e nt wer e Sir Oliver Lodge, Corps S u pt. H. S Crac e and Supt. Hartley.

Our Portrait Gallery.

JAMES F C. H OSSA CK, F.R.C.S.(Edin )

T HE new Commission e r of No. X District is a well -k nown Ipswich Surgeon aud Town Councillor. He j o in e d th e Brigad e as a Divisional Surgeon in 1897, nearly 25 .years ago, and has been a consistent and persiste nt work e r 10 ambulance world ever siuce. Wh en war was d eclar e d 10 1914 he at once sent in his name to the" Gate " and vol unteered to go anywhere as a St. John's Surge on. H e was appointed Surgeon to a St. John s Hospital in Franc e on October 14th, and took with him from the Gat e a c ompl ete

M ay, 1922.

-FIRST

ti mes made him volunteer again, this time for Serbia, when th e Serbian army had been broken and in need of surgeons. He was se nt to Salonika, and at onc e asked to be sent up to the Serbian front with a Serbian Field Ambulance where he had rather a strenuous time. H e was present at the fall o f Mon a stir and instituted a first aid post in the town, but was comp elled to evacuate with his staff in 48 hours, as the to wn was still under shell fire from the Bulgars, and it was no plac e for th e wounded to remain in. He did an im m e nse amount of surgical work for the Russians, and was award ed by them the 2nd Class of the Order of St. S tanislaus. From the Serbians he received the thanks of the S e rbian Mini!>ter of War with the Order of St. Sava. He remained there for 18 months and gained an immense ex peri e nce in typhus, dysentery, and malaria, and practically was invalid e d home, his health giving out. On arrival at h om e he returned to his hospital duti e s at Ipswich, but wa s again commandeered to go on a travelling medical board examining medical men for the services. This en d e d, h e was app ointed Major in the R.A.M.C., and held tha t rank till the armistice, volunteering again for the front. T h e Commissione r of No. X at this time began to be in fa iling h e alth, and Dr. Hossack was appointed Assistant Co mmission e r. On his death Dr Hossack was in due time appointed in his place.

He has b een through all the steps in the Brigade, fro m Divisional Surgeon to Commissioner This is due ent irely to his p e rsistent energy, and work for the cause. He holds th e Vellum Vote of Thanks, the Service Medal, As sociate s Cross and Knight of Grace from the Order, toge ther with the Victory and War Medals from the Go ve rnment. The Mons Star was not granted to his unit be c a us e, althou g h th e unit was at war during the qualifying pe riod, it se rved under our allies the French, although it also admitted wounded tommies.

Opin ions differ as to the justic e of withholding this, as neither h e nor the unit received any recognition for the ir s e rvices in Franc e in 1914-15. We wish the new C ommissioner all the success he deserves in his new app ointment, and we are sure h e will receive that support fro m his district that can alone lead to the success of the work he has so much at heart.

fetters to the gditot'.

hospital equipm e nt, including an X -ray outfit, togeth e r wi th nurses and orderlies to form a unit of 200 b eds. On arrival at St. Malo the French authoriti e s hand e d ov er to him a large Convent, used as a girls' school, and told hi m to get on with the installation as things were ur g e nt Thanks to his excellent staff, in 24 hours the plac e was ready and was full of badly wounded dir e ct from the fron t. H e was almost, if not, th e to get over V.A.D s .fro m the" Gat e ," and his opirlion of their worth, found practically in the wards, was such that he strongly r ecomm e nded to the " Gate" their greater use

In si x months time things b e gan to be ur gent at ho me. He and the unit were recalled, but left th e huspital and all its equipm e nt, which now includ e d a Bacteriological partment, a live, going conce rn to the French .h ls serviCe S he receiv e d the thanks of th e French authontl es, and at home was promoted from Associate to Knight of Grace.

His desire to be up and doing in thes e strenuou s

W e are in no way resptJnsible lor t!le opinions expressed, or t he statements made, b, C Or? espo ndcnts.-EDITOR, ETC.

AMBU LANCE SISTERS U NIFORM DEi\R S IR ,I re g ret that my letter in the Marc h number should have ca lled forth su c h a reply from Mrs. Lines as a ppears in the Ap ril is s ue. My criticisms in a perfe ctly friendly spi rit a nd with the best of IlltentlOns, and I hope were read th us by o thers Mrs Lines thinks th <;t t poor mere ma n has no fa c ulties of observatIOn and very lIttle common se n se. I wonder whethe r Mrs. Lines is aware that men are to be fo u nd a mon gst some of the cleverest of the desi g ners of la dies costume ?

It would be very interesting to submit my ori g inal letter in th e March number to the judgment of a tribunal of the matrons of our chief London hospitals, and to get their decision as t o which uniform is the more suitable for street duty Their

A 10..- 179

practical exper ien ce woul d render them fa r better j ud ge s than either Mrs . Lines or myself.

I adhere to my s tat e ment th at the bad ge is all th at is wanted from th e Police poi nt of vi e w. I hav e r eceiv ed and have issued, order s mys el f on the occasions of S t at e and Ceremon ial Process ion s that only n urs es wearing t he St. Jo hn Ambulance b ad g e-and on on e occasio n th e R ed Cross badgeto be allo wed fr ee passag e, et c Surely th e reas on is obvIous !

Pe r hap s I ou ght no t t o be su r pris ed at M rs. Li ne s' outburst, for I kno w th at a t St. J ohn 's Ga t e s he is on e of the "Di eha rds " for the ol d uniform.

M y la st poi.nt i.s th at :' lack of courag e " is not alw a ys the for not one s nam e t o a letter in print. It certatnly IS not so III t hIS cas e. Th ere ar e oth er reas on s wh ic h perh a p.s may occur to Mrs. Lin es if sh e cares to think a litt le Thanktn g you for your co urtesy, -Yours very truly, A MAN IN THE STREET

D EAR S IR , -

The corresp on d en ce re the S.J.A.B. Sist ers' Uni for m has interested me ver y muc h membe rs of th e Nursing Divisions to be all ow ed any vOi ce III the matter? I venture to predict that if the y had the c h ance of voting on th e subject there would be a larg e majo r it y in favo ur of th e hat ::lDd coat.

W h y shou ld som e Divisions be allowed to wear the hat a nd coa t for Brigad e duty while oth ers are condem ne d t o th e bonnet ? Sur ely it be better to hav e a recog-llI sed uDl for m wh ich all the DIVISI ons must wear inst ead of ea ch D ivision be ing gov e rned in this manner by th e whim of the ind ivi dual Divisio n al officers.

The h a t coat is th e more practi cal and comf?rtable espeCially for Bank Ho lidays, ea rly mo rn tn g hos pi tal duty and any time wh en one has to d o battl e with a surgi ng multitud e fighting to get into the omnibus es. ( There is no q ue ue whe re I embark).

W om en a re notably patient creatures. If a man had to wea r wha t might be ably described as the "p e nguin" cost ume - for throu g h th e little slits in th e front of the cloak on e's hand s a re o f littl e more use than the flapp ers of that bird-it would b e torn to sh r eds on the first occasion

Th a nk ing you , Sir, for your courtesy.

You rs, e tc.,

A ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTER, (And an unwilling" P en g uin ").

M.H.H R. RECOGNITION.

D EAR SlR, -

In the Daily ErjJress of May 6th a correspondent once more vo ic ed the bi t ter feeli ng among th e M.H. H .R. men for the non -re cog nition by th e War Office for their war servic e W e S t. ] ohn men who left ho me in 1914 are won de ring if all hope of a med al is gone.

Just look a t t he position wh en we are doing a pub lic duty. The men who ne ver left th eir nativ e towns have medals fo r s pa re tim e dut y do ne in local hospitals, but th e poor old M H .H R. h as no th ing to show.

W ak e u p S t. J ohn ! If th e R.N.S.B.R. get the Victory M eda l, why not us ?- Yours truly, A 1914 M.H.H.R. MAN.

1\ D Ul\I VIVIMUS VIVAl\IUS." -We should hav e bee n p le as ed to insert your let ter on the subj ect of Ambula nce Sist er s' Unifor m if yo u had con form ed t o Our conditions of en cl osi ng your na me an d a d dre ss, n ot ne cessary for publicati on .-ED.

B OLSOVER ST J OlIN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION .-

The com pe tition for th e " Ra yn or Ambula nce Challenge Cup" will tak e place dur ing th e month of Octob er, 19 22 notification of place and date la t e r. Se cre tary, Hy. Godfr e v, 26, Hornscroft-road, Bolsov e r

-:FIRST

The "Dewar" and "Perrott" Shield Competitions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade::

THE all-England final competition for the" Dewar" Shield for Ambulance Divisions and the first all· England competition for the" Perrott" Shield for Nursing Divisions were held at the Cannon-street Hotel on May 16th, when a large number of spectators were present from an early hour of the day to witness these interesting r.ontests.

The judges were, for the competition, Lieut,C'11. Ward, M c.C.S., Major A. R. Exham, M.D., an? Harold Washer, M.B., B.S.; for the "Perrott" competItion, A. V. Davies, O.B.E, M.B., C. J. R. MacFadden, O.B" the Hon. Gertrude Best, A.R.R.c., and Miss E. F.

Promptly at 4 o'clock a guard of honour, composed of ambulance units was drawn up in the corridor of the Cannon·street under the command of Commissioners W. H. Winney, and E. A. Richards, to receive H.R.H. Duke of Connaught, who was conducted to the competition hall by Sir James Clark (Chief Commissioner).

At the conclusion of the contests, Mr. W. H. Morgan announced the results as follows :-

DEWAR SHIELD.

AI D.- May, 19:22.

his Royal Highness for the lively interest he took in their work.

This was seconded by Sir John Hewett.

The Duke of Connaught, replying, said it had given him great pleasure to attend and present the prizes to successful teams. It was a great satisfaction to see how well the competitions had been contested, and he was sure they all rejoiced to see there people from many parts of the kingdom, and especially from that part on the oth er side of the Irish Channel. He thought the latter had s een from the warm welcome that was given them how much their presence was appreciated, and would carry back very pleasant recollections of their competitions that afternoon, Those competitions proceeded year by year, and were as keenly contested to day as ever they were. All the tim t: since he had belonged to H!e Order-a period of many years-he had taken the greatest interest in its work and its welfare, and had promoted its objects in different parts of the Empire. Those promoted a health y spirit of rivalry between theIr different corps, and he was sure that those who had taken part in them would go away fired with the am bition to keep up to the highest state of efficiency. Accidents would happen, and knowledge such as the members of the Order possessed was as necessar y now as it was before and during the war. He hoped th ey would never be short of those who took an interest in Order, and could assure them that so long as he was at its head he would give it his warmest support.

Amongst those present were :-Sir J. Fielding, Col. Pixley, Sir James Clark, Col. Moore, Lady Perrott, Col. C B. Palmer, Messrs. W. H. ,\iVinn e y, E. A. Richards, W. H Morgan, S. Osborn, Captains W. H. Pontin, and Cahusa c, Major P. G. Darvil Smith. The marking sheets and oth er details of the competitions will appear in our next issue.

May,

CONTENTS

PRA

Al D.- 181

work of local divisions. A much more social aspect is needed. * **

Owing to the Brigade Competition taking place on the 16th of the month, we are unable to include a full report of the proceedings in this issue. We shall give the marking sheets in Our June issue.

* **

One was struck with the fine military appearance of the members of the teams in th e Railway contest, a great number of them having served during the late war , bu when corning up to receive their prizes a number of them saluted without hats.

***

The attention of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis has been called to the remarks of a coron e r at a rece nt inquest, and to the consequent rider added by th e jury to their verdict, which has refer e nce to the instruction received by the police in first aid. The facts as regards the Metropolitan Police are as follow: Every man during his period of training, which extends over at least eight weeks, receives thorough instruction in first aid from a properly qualified surgeon. It does not, therefore, follow that because he is not in possession of a ce rtificate he is not fully qualified to render first aid. The Commissioner is informed by the Chief Surgeon of the Metropolitan Police that over 75 rer cent. of the force at th e present time are in possession of certificates from the St. John Ambulance Association or the London County Council.

of Wales)

IO.-Gippeswyk Division, I pswich Corps (No:

II'-Bedlinog Division, Dowlais Corps (Priory of Wales)

13 -Reading (G.W.R.) Division (No.2 DIstrict)

The Wolv erhampton team securtd the "Dewar" Shield, and the Sittingbourne team the "Symons Eccles" Cup.

PERROlT SHIELD.

I.-Headquarters Nursing Division, Dublin :-:::orps (No. 12 District) 312

2.-Craig's Court House Nursing Division (No. District) 296

3.-Abertillery Nursing Division (Priory of Wales) 281

4.-Rochdale Nursing Division (No.4 District)... 278

5.-·Winchester House Nursing Division, Birmingham Corps (No.3 District) 270

6.-Elswick Works Nursing Division, ArmstrongWhitworth Corps (No.6 District)... 265

7.-Sheffield Nursing Division (No.5 District) 244

8. - London BrIdge Nursing Division (S.E &CR. District) 2-+9

9. -Ramsgate Nursing Division (No.8 District) 241

lo.-Redruth Nursing Division (No 9 District) 230

1 I.-Oxford City Nursing Division (No.2 District)... 189

At the conclusion of the vesentation of the challenge shields, cup, and priz:s, the Earl of Plymouth proposed a vote of thanks to the Duke of Connaught for honouring the members by handing them their prizes, and thanked

REIGATE.-On March 19th, the Countess of Onslo w formally handed over to the Reigate Borough Corps an d the S.E &C.R. Division a motor ambulance.

3 E

HITHER GREEN.- The annual concert of the Divisio n, held at Lewisham on the 21st ult., was attended by som t: 450 persons, amongst whom were the Mayor and Mayores s of Lewisham.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher has this year adjudicated at 5 finals and 3 preliminary railway competitions, trl'l.velling a distance of 1,250 miles north, east and south. We thin k that this constitutes a record for any judge.

GOOLE.-A very successful dance was organised by the Division on March 17th, which r e sultE.d in raisin g about £10 for the funds of the Division. Supt. Batley cordially thanked all who had contributed to the success

An illustrat ed booklet, entitled" How to Keep Well," has been issued by the Joint Council in response to applications received from the counties (or a booklet which could be circulated at St. John and Red Cross County Meetings. The price of 3d. stated on the booklet covers the cost of production. If a large num ber of copies is required it may be obtain e d at a reduced price, carriag e paid, on application to the Clerk to the Joint Council, 19, Berkeley-street, W. 1.

The hon. secretary of the N.C.O.'s Club, No. District, informs us that the is gradually increasing, although it requir es a lot of hard work to get to the members. We hope the N.C.O.'s of the district will support the club, which we should not like to see laps e after it has started with such promise. Its contemporary, the Hospitallers Club, is now on a sound footing, and as the Chief Commissioner suggested at its annual dinner hel d last month tha t branches should be formed in other dis tricts, this is a suggestion for the N C.O.'s of the Brigade as well.

At the last meeting cf the Hospitallers Club an interesti ng discussion took place on Post War Drill and In struction. Post war conditions differ from pre-war, inasmu ch as voluntary ambulance work seem e d to be to some extent in preparation for the war, and those who have corne back to the divisions are very much worth while and deserving of careful thought to make their hobby interesting. Drill and Instruction in its " book" sense should now take second place tl) entertaining instruction and com bined

The accident record made by the railways of the United States in 1920, as disclosed by statistics for that year recently issued by the Interstate Comm e rce Commission, is the best record," says the Railway Age, "that has ever been made since upon the subject have been kept. The total number of persons killed, 6,958, was the small est in twenty-two years, or since 1898. But to appreciate the full significance of this statement it IS necessary to consider the increases that have occurred in the numb.::r of railway employees, in the trains run, and in the amount of traffic handled. ***

The rail ways accident record was relatively at its worst in 1910, when the great' safety first' movement was started. The accident statistics for 1910 are incomplete, but a comparison of the statistics for 191 with those for 1920 shows the great progress that has been mad e

*

Th e number of passengers killed in 191 was 3602 and in 1920, only 2578. The number of employees in J91 was 1,599,854, while in 19 20 it was 2,031,927. Th ere fore in 1911 the number of employees for every employee killed was 444, while in 1920 it was)88. o..fJThis increase of almost 78 per cent. in the number of persons e mployed by the rail ways for each employee killed shows that there was a corresponding reduction in the hazards of the occupation or the railway employee.

One of the bones forming the brain case

It forms a joint with the atlas

On which the nodding movement of the head takes place

It is hidden from view by the bones of the face and the

vertebral column

In it are numerous perforations for the passage of blood vessels and nerves

Through the largest opening the brain and spinal cord are continuous

How may it be fractured?

It may be fractured by indirect violence

Through (a) A fall on the head

(b) A fall on the feet

(c) A fall on the lower part of the spine

(d) Or by a severe blow on the lower jaw

What may happen if it is fractured?

Insensibility may come on immediately

Blood or a clear fluid may issue from-ear channel

Blood may escape from the nose

Or it may pass down to the stomach from whence it may be vomited

The fracture may involve the orbit, causing a blood-shot

eye

Injury to the brain is the great danger attending a fracture of the skull

What injuries to the brain may result?

The face is pale

The pati ent may be in a state of stupor for a short time only and quickly regain consciousn ess

Or stupor may be prolonged and deepen into coma

In both instances there is grave danger that a structure within the skull has peen injured and that a most serious state of insensibility may develop later

What special precaut ion would you take when the patient gained consciousness?

A caution should be given to a patient who has lost consciousness, even if only for a moment, with an injury to the head not to resume physical or mental activity without the consent of a doctor

Rest in bed for some hours is a very wise precaution

Concussion is frequently followed by compression

N.B.-Judge will not permit description of the treatment of

What are the signs of compression?

The face is flu shed

The breathing stertorous

One side of the body is more limp than the other

The pupil of one eye is larger than the other

The temperature of the body is generally raised

N.B .-Judge will not permit description of the treatment of compression.

Possible extr a marks

No. 4·-You are walking in the country with a friend unskilled in ambulance work. You fall on your left hand cutting the palmar arch and breaking your collar bone. prepared apparatus or help beyond what your friend can give is avai lable.

Time allowed, 8 minutes.

N.B.-Competitor is lyin g on his fa ce.

Improving position

Promptly placing thumb on wound

Inclining head to injured side

Supporting elbow on injured side

Instructing friend how to treat hand

Ascertaining if bleeding is stopped. No

Indirect control of bleeding

Ascertaining if bleeding is now stopped. Yes

Instructing friend how to treat collar bone

Instruction as to treatment of shock

Instruct io n as to getting home

Possi ble extra marks...

No. 5·-A stableman was stooping behind a horse III a stable. The horse kicked him on the point of the right shoulder.

T i me allowed, 10 minutes.

N. B.-The patient is lying on his face with his right arm under him.

Prompt caution not to attempt movement

He tried to move his right arm but it made the pain worse.

is no fracture of the collar-bone, but YOLl are not sure about the shoulder blade or upper part of humerus. No injury to any other part of the body need be suspected.

carefully improving the position of the patient

May, 1922.

FIRST

Neatness and efficiency of methods 3

Treatment of insensibility.

Fa nning patient vigorously

Co ld water on face

Wrap warmly, hot bottles (test ed and covered) 3

Not hing by the mouth 2

Enq uiry as to return of consciousness 2

Card 3.-The man recovers consciousness, and tries to get up. He tries to raise his right leg, and cannot. He then plac es his hand on his right hip, and exclaims" Oh t" and im mediately relapses into unconsciousness.

Rec ognition of danger of collaps e. Danger grave 3

Rec ognition of danger of hc:emorrhage recurrIng. No 3

Con tinuation of treatment 3

Extra care and watchfulness.

Heat of body, cold; precautions taken 3

Hea rt and lungs. Pulse feeble; breathing shallow.

Precautions taken 3

Possibility of fracture of femur

N oting of foot and assuming fracture of thigh at hip

fracture. Steady

AID.-

Warmth to pit of sto.mach, over heart, to the feet, etc, test heat of appliances ... ... .. .

Undo tight clothing about neck, chest and ahdomen

Comfortable position (lying)

& Head low and turned on one side

Sprinkling face with hot and cold water alternately

Remove from unsuitable surroundings, e.g., close or crowded room... 2

Putting to bed in a warm well ventilated room 3

Keeping back crowd if removal impossible of smelling salts, and fanning... 3

U smg encouragmg and tactfully sympathetic words... 3

Friction of limbs upwards

Possible extra marks

Deduct marks

3

PART A. (TEAM WORK).

Card 1.-The Judge will tell you when the test commences.

On a Sunday morning, as you four men are walking along the road in the suburbs of a large to wn on your way to a first aid practice, you see the man in charge of a milk float jump out and run to the horse's head. The horse (evidently frightened by a tram) rears, knocks the man half-way across the street, and then bolts. The cart overturns on a piece of waste ground 600 yards away, and is taken charge of by some men. No further damage is done. You are 50 yards away when you see the accident. You bave a surgical haversack with you.

No telephone is available.

The nearest medical man is 400 yards away.

Time allowed, r6 minutes.

C ard 2.-To be placed on the patient.

There :s a large wound, 6 inches lon g, over the le:t temple

The man is quite unconscious. The face ic; pale and dirty.

The eyes respond to light and t ouch. Act quickly.

N.B.-l'he man is lying on bis back inclined to the right ;ide. Right arm above head, ani head resting on it. Left arm restin g on body. Right leg sli gh tly bent, and resting on its outer side. Left knee resting on right le g.

recognition of dangers

wound promptly

Head low, turned to one sid e

air, espec ially no crowding round patient s head...

as to bleedin g . General oozing from wound Enquiry as to pulse. Feeble; breathing normal 2 Send for medical assistance

If written message sent

Careful examination.

Head first. Any irregularIty to be felt. No

Size of pupils. Equal

Upper limbs; lower limbs. No visible deformity 3 Chest; a bdomen. Nothing to be felt

Method of examination; efficien cy

Improving patient's position

Treatment of wound.

Avoiding contamination of wound and dressings

Cleansing of hands

Recognition of extra care due to slightness of bleeding

Enquiry as to foreign bodies . Yes ... ..

Treatment 2 Apply iodine to wound, surrounding skin I

Method of application

Enq uiry for sterilised water. None available

Cled.n dry dressin g I No pad 2

Bandage ... 2

Nea tness and efficiency of methods

Card 4.-Medical assistance arrives.

Repor t to doctor

Card 5.-Doctor orders conveyance to hospital by a motor lo rry which is near by. He will accompany you.

Nos. 3 & 5.-This patient, at a station where first aid appliances are kept, whilst walking with you two down the steps of a railway bridge was showing you an automatic pistol. Suddenly he fell to the bottom of the steps landing heavIly on his right shoulder; at the same time the pistol went off and a bullet passed through his left palm; hc:emorrhage is unusually severe for a bullet wound. There are no bystanders.

TIme allowed, 15 minutes.

N.B.- The patient is lying on his fac.e with his right arm under his body.

Warning the patient not to move

2

3

3

2

PART B. ( INDIVIDUAL).

No.!. Card 1. You have broken your own right arm

Just above the elbow whilst taking a walk on the moors. The neare st habitation is three miles away and there is no one wi thin sight or earshot.

Time allowed, 4 minutes.

Treatment by best method IS

Card 2. State fully how the surroundings may have an influence on the rendering of first aid to a patient.

Time allowed, 6 minutes.

Possibl e sources of danger (explanation) 5

Possi ble clues to diagnosis (explanation) 5

Th e help available (explanation) " 5

The appliances available (explanation; 5

Th e shelter (explanation) 5

M eans of available (explanation) 5

Possib le ex tra marks 5

NO.2 (a.) What are the only conditions mentioned in " First Aid to the Injured» in which alcohOl (as distinct from sal volatile) is recommended?

Poiso ning by prussic aCId 2

Pois oning by cyanide of potassium 2

( b ) I. What stimulants can you give?; and I I.

W hat other methods can you adopt to restore a patient suffering from shock and able to swallow; h <emorrhag e (i f any) has been well arrested?

Time allowed, 6 minutes.

I. -S trong tea with sugar 2

Strong coffee with sugar 2

Hot milk with sugar 2

Sal Volatile, one teaspoonful in half a tumblerful of water 2

II.-Attend to injury or injuries 3

Cover up warmly, extra clothing, etc. 3

Raising left hand and making digital pressure on radial and ulnar arteries at wrist 3

Ascertaining if bleeding has stopped. Yes...

Maintaining digital pressure 3

Securing pistol

Careful examination of patient 10

Judge when satisfied with examination will state that the right collar bone is broken, not much swelling about the shoulder; a metacarpal bone of the left hand is fractured. No further injuries e xcept those clearly indicated by the card need be suspected.

Placing patient in comfortable position, inviting him to lend what assistance he can... 2

Instructing patient to support injured limb 2

Undoing brace on right side 1

F etching appliances 3

Painting both wounds and hand with iodine... 4

Dressing both sides of palm 4

Applying rounded pieces of cork to radial and ulnar arteries and firmly securing by bandage 4

Applying carefully padded splInts to front of hand from above wrist to t ip of fingers 3

Figure of 8 bandage 2

Ascertaining if bleeding has restarted. No... 2

Loose tourniquet on brachial in case of need to be applied after coat is removed

Supporting and fixing left hand 4

Telephoning for doctor. Who states he will be at the Cottag e Hospital a mIle and a half away III half an hour and competitors are to telephone for a cab to take patient there 2 Collar bone.

Removing coat 3

Large pad under arm pit 2

Keeping shoulder back as far as pOSSIble 2

Putting on St. John sling 3

Broad bandage round trunk, elbow and wrist 2

Testing pulse at wrist. B.eati.ng proper!y 2

Tightening and finally adJustlllg arm sllllg 2

Asking if patient is more comfortable. Yes... 2

Treatment of shock 4

Possible extra marks... 5

Possible deductions 5

No. 4.-A s you are entering a room see the patient" cut his throat." No one else IS III the waltlllg roO[]1, but a number of people are on the platform. A jet of blood is issuing from the left carotid artery in spurts. A blood stained razor is on the floor.

Time allowed,s minutes.

-FIRST

N.B.-The patient is standing with his head thro.wn back. Rapidly approaching patient, at the same tIme calling loudly for help... 8

Endeavouring to make digital pressure 3 N.B. - The patient resists and is rapidly losing blood.

Three helpers now arrive.

1mmediately sending for medical help 5

Instructing helper to over come patient's resistance and to assist to lay him on the tI oor... 3 Judge will very soon instruct patient to allow himself to be laid on the ground and will tell competitor he is getting very weak.

Making prompt digital pressure below wound 3

Making prompt di g ital pressure above wound 2 Avoidin g pressure on wind pipe ... 3

Ascertaining if bleeding is controlled 4 Judge will answer appropriately according to position of thumbs.

N.B.-If digital pressure was not made correctly at first and competitor subsequently does it correctly the maximum will be 2.

No relaxing of pressure 4

Instructing helper to raise and support head and shoulders ?

Instructing helper to obtain rugs, hot water bottles, etc., to keep patient warm' 3

Instructions 3.S to testing and applying hot water bottles,etc. 3

Instructions as to abundance of fresh air 5

Ascertaining if patient is still conscious 2 He has collapsed.

Instructing helper to raise and bandage limbs 3 "You are getting very tired of making digital pressure."

Instructing helper to replace your thumbs with his own A lady comes in and offers smelling salts.

Refusing it firmly and politely 2

Taking care of ra zor and not cleaning it 2 Doctor arrives and takes charge. Explain your reasons for making pressure above and below the wound. Bleed

AI D.- May, 192 2

was asked at least 7, if not 8, times (i.e., by different t ea ms ) there were a wound on the back of the hand as we ll quite a number of oth e rs asked if the bullet was still the hand. More important fact still, although p erha ps, not so interesting, was the often par ti al , occasional total ; neglect to examine the pati e nt for ot her injuries. After such a fall are there not likely to have b een fractures, dislocations, bruises, shock, &c.? What more especially was in my mind, p e rhaps, was fracture of th e patella-two or three men only asked m e the question. As soon as the hremorrhage from the palm had been chec ked by digital pressure I should have liked to have seen all limbs, joints, &c., examined in turn, and such solicit ous questions as, have you pain in this limb or that, chest, back and so on.

Again, this question was set as a searching one -t he wound on each side of the hand need e d the application of tincture of iodine and dressing on both sides, followed by splinting, for obvious reasons. Then, as to the slings. A St. John sling for th e fractured collar bone, of cours e, what of th e other hand and arm? Well, I gave my high est marks to those who simply fixed it to the side, so th at it was elevated and suffici e ntly supported without a sl in g, which would (exce p t in one or two instanc e s wh e n a sm art eye detect e d the effect and accordingly) cau se pressure on the broken collar-bone at or n ear the knot. Question to NO.4.

This t est was well done. It is not an e asy one although somewhat frequently se t, as it calls for a gr eat deal of resource and coolness of temperament

May, 1922. -FIRST

---

tes t ability of me n to deal w itlt ca s es u nder cu ndition s 0/ actual emergency ." When we remember that each one of th e Railway Centr e Se cretaries seeks to-day to dress his Fin al Competition as near to actual circumstances as pos sibl e . We are at a loss to understand why they, as a colle ctive group, fail so miserably in the setting out of I n te r-Railway Tests. Do they consid er that the ability of co mpetitors to treat cas es of actual eme rgency rests on th e pos session of a good me mory? Have they no thought for t he spectators who-were the surroundings plainly figured - would find intere st in watching minor details, even when t hey could not h e ar the judge's replies to questions.

AID.-

excellent, since they req uired simpl e and straightforward expositions of Fast Aid and lacked any silly traps for th e unwary.

For th e rest, th e mee tin g was, as usual, a bi g social success. Noone cou l d ent er the com pe tition ro oms without feeling th e electric thrill of good fello wsh i p, common to those who take part in a humanitari a n mo vement whether as instructors or students, as com peti tors or sp e ctators. It was indee d a joy to m eet onc e a ga in old , and to gree t new, friends from all parts of th e cou ntry, to gri p each by the hand, to shar e e xperiences, and to wish each " God-spe ed" for t h e good of th e Ambulance M ov e-

Re cipient s of the G.W.Ry. Co_ s Awards for Mer itoriou s F irst Ai d R endered

By

LIEU

T .-C OL. ELLIS, C.M.G , T D., MD.) &c.

I N complying with your request to furnish you with some remarks c?ncerning the Competitions held on Thursday, the 11th Instant. My first comment must be the small difference in the total marks of the first three Teams and then in the next three four, and I cannot help pondenng over the fact that a little more discrimination or care (or shall I say practice) might easily have reversed of the of competing teams. Considering that m competitior:s much must be left to the imagination, memory and a qUlck response together with all the other around the Cross on Page 23 of Fast AId to the Injured, the work as I witnessed it from Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Part B. was on the whole well and thoroughly carried out.

The question to No. 2 was formed to emphasise the fact alcohol, as apart from Sal Volatile (which contams large proporhon of alcohol) is sparingly recommended m First AId to the Injured, and that there are many other ways of a collapsed patient with good effect. Several (If not most) candidates omitted to qualify tea and coffee with" strong" and few if any mentioned " Attend to injury or injuries." ,

In the questions asked to Nos.3 and 5. A curious fact here must be mentioned, viz., that although the question states "a bullet passed through his left palm" I

Some competitors got bystanders to reliev e th e m fr o m making pressur e on the carotid too soon, i.e., sooner th an it would reasonably be necessary. Oth e rs (and espe ci ally one candidate) made too much ado about th e doc tor arriving Having se nt for a doctor with all spe ed, it was up to him to carryon. I wanted to know what lle co uld do, not what a doctor could do. "Digital pr essur e m ust be maintained by relays of assistants, if necessary, un til th e doctor arrives," pag e 89. One man dressed ( or said h e would ) th e wound in the neck with gau ze, h e must re al ise that a loose dr essing would be of no avail, and o n e bandaged tightly would, in all probability, su ff ocate t h e patient

I MP R ES S IONS OF A SPECTAT OR.

The 1922 Railway F mal has been won and lost, an d its memory is added to those of previous cont ests. T h e Shield has gone from Brighton to South Wales, and a ll that remains to do is to congratulate the winn e rs who fu ll y merited th e ir success, and to consider if (and how) th is Final has taught us any n e w lesson or advanced the cau se of ambulanc e work.

First, howev e r, two important changes in the Co nditions of the Competition d eserve attention- ( I) th e introduction of time limits for all tests and the institutio n of definite warnings when three quarters of the tim e allote d has passed, and (2) the possibility of injuries being rec e ived in the Stretcher Test by one other member of t ea m, additional to NO.5. So fat, so good, since these are d ecidedly steps in advance.

As for the Competition, we note again the deplorable absence of any real atte mpts (if we exclude the grey wig with its scalp wound and the exhibition of a photograp h just before the teams entered the arena) to stage the scen es of the emerg encies, whereby the educational value of th e Comp etition was reduced to a minimum. Yet the objec t of the Competition, as laid down in its Conditions, is "to

By COllrttsJI C fV. R. Jfaga:. ill e

The Gloucester Ambulance Team, winners of the G.W .Ry Competitions, re ceiving the D irectors Challe ng e Shiel d from the General Manager.

Su ch be ing the cas e , it is not surprising surge ons in th e North and South avow theu dIsapprobatIOn of the judgin g of these contests.

A part from this, it was good t o prompt? ess with which both judges answer ed dIscnmmatIDg questIOns whi ch accrued at e stablishing all facts pertin ent to th e te sts and discoverabl e by the correct use of the com p etitor's se ns es. Would that we had a snapshot of on e judge, who sq uatted in front of No. I to watch more closely this bearer's movements, as he twisted about in his treatment of his own supposed injury!! The tests themselves were

m e nt no less than for thems e lves. Even so th e 1922 F in a l is p assed. What changes will take plac e befor e we aga in collect together for a similar function ? What will be th e effect of the new Grou p ing on the Railways ? Alas, we know not, thou g h one and all, we h ope that the chan ge s, wh e n th ey do come, will be for th e good of the ambulanc e caus e and the advanc e ment of First A id to th e In j ure d.

NOTES ON THE R AI L W AY A l\IBULA K CE C Ol\IPETIT ION.

CONTRI BUTED BY A S PE CTATO R.

It has been the privilege of the writer to witness th e

Mr . W E. H a rr is (B ron ze Med al)

Mr. W. H P ate r son (Gold M edal ). Mr W. J N e wdick

-FIRST

final competition for the Railway Challenge Shield for many years, lmd the following notes with regard to this year's contest may not be without interest to others.

First of all I should like to congr a tulate the authorities on the change of practice from the old order of things und er which the Railway Competition and the Brigade Competition werr held on the same day. The two competitions going on at the same time always accounted for a good dtal of confusion and neither could be watched in comfort. I should also like to say how much I appreciated watching the individual work. For some reason spectators were from these tests last year. Few witnessed them on this occasion compared with the large numbers which followed the team test. Many were unaware that the individual t e sts were open to the public.

The thanks of all concerned were due to the judge s for the ch e rry way they handled the comp e titors. Th e re have been occasions when this could not b e truthfully said. We will hope those days are gone for good.

A feature of the competition which I should like to comment on is the fact that the spectators were quite in dark with r e gard to the team test. I should like to suggest that in this competition the same course should be followed as in some of the railway final comp e titions. For example, at Belle Vue, Manchester, where the final of the London and North-Western Railway compptitions is held, th e prInted programmes contains th e fullest particulars of the case, so that the spectators can follow the work of the teams. The Company rightly appreciate that the other employees have much to learn from watshing the highly skilled ambulance workers who qualify for the final competition. If this is good for the railway competitions, is it not equally good when the pick of all the railways in the country are competing?

I should like to emphasise this p)int, for I do feel that the 5p:ctators-many of whom travel many miles in order to witness the competition-should not be df'ni e d the educational opportunities which could be so easily afforded. If I remember rightly, mention has previously been made in FIRST AID in regard to this point, and it is hop:!d it will be remedied in future competitions. I sp :! ak as a railway ambulance worker whose employers kindly offe r some of their staff, who take an interest in subject of first aid, the opportunity of coming to London to witness these contests as some reward for the time they devote to this good work, and/or the educational value attached to th em

The other point to which I should like to direct attention is one that has been the subj ect of a good deal of criticism in past years' competitions, as well as on this occasion, that is the extent to which the competitors are handicapped in their treatm e nt by being required to draw upon their imaginations in r e gard to the "supposed surroundings" in the tests, when, at small ·expense and little trouble, they might materially assisted by som e staging and the tests thereby made so much more realistic.

Whilst year by year the various rail way companies do more and more to make the tests realistic in their own competitions by the provision of sc enery, "prop ;rtie s," fixtures, th e competitors in this, the /irst competition in the country! have to "suppose" so much. One spectator took the Vlew that such. competition should be fully even to .the provlslOn of a stage crowd. vehicles, polIcemen, etc , If the case required it. This would tend towards realism, make a better spectacle and would certainly induce a good deal of interest which the competition quite fails to attract at present.

I refer here to the interest of those now outside the movement. A competition to-day has little inte rest for

AI D. - May, 19 2 2

other than ambulance men, but my point is that it should be so staged as to interest those now outside the movem en t and b Jt ing them in. Nothing is surely too good in thIS direction for a competition which represents the very best ambulance workers in the country.

If these remarks are somewhat critical, it is beca use as an old support e r of th e movement, I want to se e it advance. I can go back a few years in competitions and have attended many Inter-Railway Finals, but I think an onlook er would hardly be anle to t e ll a p )st-war c ompetition from a pre-war one. The Movement cannot afford to stand still in regard to this competition when in ot her competitions the tenden:y, and doubtless the right on e, is to do mor .", and still more to make the tests approximate to actual cases.

I look forward to seeing the ch::tnges, wh;ch I h ave here endeavoured to indicate as desirable, carried out. In my humble opinion they are overduE'.

I should llke to conclude with a word about the competito rs. Without c-x ception th e y were one and all well· trained and highly skilled am bulance workers. So me of them were new to the final, howev e r, and wer e at so me disadvantage in c onsequ e nc e. Others were familiar with the experience and "know all the ropes" as they say. The winners (which, by the way, included three brothersall old competition hands), deserved to win and were general favourites, but all worked well, and the frien dly spirit of their rivalry was marked, and grEatly to their cr edit. Th e y wer e good winners and e qually good los ers.

I wond e r if it was generally noticed that there was only one blank medallion le ft upon the old Challen ge Shidd which has looked down on so many compttitio nc. On that last medallion will now be inscri bed" Ale xandra Docks and Railways Com pa ny, 1922 "-and then what ?

DOVER.- The Secretary's report of the S. E. & C Railway division shows a mem bcrship of 30, 17 of wh crn have been fully equipped. Th e financial stat em nt showed a total income of £ 134 55. and expenditu e £79 8s. rd." leaving a balance in hand of £54 qs. 5}d., which will be absorbed in providing unitorms, &c., for those still

• E

RHONDDA FAWR CORPS. - The first of a s e ries )f Lectures organised by th e Divisions connected with the Cambrian Combine Collieries, was held at the Instil ute, Llwyniffia. on April 22nd, when an interesting address was given by J. H. Thorn, Esq., Superintend e nt, Dinas Resc ue Station, on " Reminiscence of my experience of life-savi ng in Mines," with a demonstration on the "Mecco" and " Pulmotor IJ apparatus. Chairman, Staff Officer Payne.

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? - The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

SCHAFER'S ARTI FICIAL RESPIRATION.

W. H. (Blaydon).-(I) With Schafer's Method the Textbook instructs us to perform movements 12 times per minute' with other Methods, 15 times. N ow all the othe: Manuals I .have read ) recommend with Schafer 15 per and natural breathing averages J 5 to 18 times per mlDute. May I ask, therefore, why the Textbook recommends 12 per minute for Schafer?

(2) The (Fig 56) shows patient with arms extended and wlth face turned to one side on the ground. Would it not be better to draw forearm under forehead and thereby keep patient's cheek off the ground and his nose and mouth further from the ground?

I. shall apprec!ate answers to these questiom, espeCially as the pomts glve nse to much discussion. have been instructor to our First Aid class for 14 years and always taught the old method with patients' head restmg on forehead; and I have performed artificial respiration on many cases, with success in all except one. If I have been at fault, will you with your usual kindness explain my error?

(I) Schafer's original instructions gave no time limit but we re that with downward pressure operator should count slo wly lone, two, tlzree ; then with relaxation of pressure again co unt slowly-one, two. If you do this, you will find that the co mplete movement occupies 5 seconds.

I n the mechanical work involved in "the imitation of nat ural breathing II it is essential to avoid haste and the first ha lf of the movement is the more important unless yo u keep up firm, downward pressure on loins for two seconds yo u will spoil half is inspiration, the result of elastiC recoil of nbs and diaphragm which follows relaxatIO n of pressure.

Under these circumstances, it is wiser to "imitate n a tural br.eathing IJ with 12 regular and systematic movements per m mute than to rush through 15 hurried and incomplete moveme nts, even though natural breathing does average IS-J8 per mm ute.

(2) Extension of upper limbs above head increases the cu bic capacity of the chest; and, as we know with Nose Bl eeding, this causes dilation of the cav a: at their entry to the heart, whereby the venous return of blood is facilitated. If one limb be flexed at elbow, then there is a diminution in th e chest capacity. Indeed, I find by actual measurement that wit h my child the chest measures 24 inches, when both limbs we re placed at side of body; 2St inches, when both limbs were ex tended above head; and only 25 inches when the child's fo rehead was placed on flexed forearm. This loss of half an inc h is important because with Schafer's Method it is essential to obtain the maximum cubic capacity of the chest if we would en sure the maximum entry of air.

Further, if you place patients' head on flexed forearm, you ad d to your wornes, because during the movements the pa tient's face may be tilted forward and brought into contact wlI h grourJd or, alternatively, with clothing on forearms a risk av oided if patient's is already on ground.' 1.C'-..w.

Under these Circumstances, it is a_ mistake to place

A that its claim to be an epitome of all that medlcal and surgical knowledge necessary for Irst Alders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a to welcomed by all our readers who wish to study then subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The. Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space IS devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, ., The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work is absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are derange d by disease, a d e scription of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins" or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of H t alth, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has h e re been assisted by a num b ::!r of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with.

A FEW OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:" Its all-round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The section dealing with ambulance work is especially good. The book is written in splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

Miss l. C. BENNETT, Matron, Metropolitan Hospital, writes:"The 'Modern Physician' is an excellent work and very lucidly written. So many text-books are too difficult [or the a\'erage nUlse to use, but the •Modern Physician' seems thoroughlv up to date and yet simple to understand. I am particularly impressed by the ellcel· lent type, printing and good illustrations."

Mr. A. H. HART, Can bury Park Rd., Kingston on.Thames, writes:-

•• Afl er a cal eful perusal If the ':\I odern Physician' I am forced to the conclusion tbat there are so many commendable points in c(lnnecrion with it that it is exceedingly difficul[ to indiVidualize its innumerabl e merits; but if there were three things which especially impressed me, tbey were as follows :-(1) The up-to -date ch aracter of the work; (2) the simplic'ty of the language used; (3) its practicability.

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patient's forehead on his flexed forearm. - N. CORBET FLETCHER.

TREAHIENT OF ABDOMINAL WOUND.

T. S. (Liverpool).- With an Abdominal Wound, bowel protruding- can anything be given by mouth? If so, what? Please advise.

Treat as for Internal H::emorrhage (Textbook, p. 107). Give ice to suck or sips of cold water, if patient desires; apply a boracic fomentation but do not chan ge it " every two or three minutes," in spite of the instruct,ions on p. r 18. -N.C.F.

EF FECTS OF STRANGULATION.

F. M. N. (Lancaster). -I trust that I am not going beyond the scope of First Aid when I ask if pressure on throat prevents a person from using his hands. I ask because once as a child I had a friendly squabble with my brother and seized him by the throat as he sat on a table, his feet being off the ground. He showed signs of distress but made absolutely no attempt to struggle with me, even though his face became blackish and his eyes bulged. Afterwards, when I asked why he had not resisted, my brother told me that he had not been able to make any movement. Since then I have heard of similar cases, some of them fatal. In a recent case I note that the coroner gave it as his opinion that a boy had intended to play at hanging; and that he had slipped, lost his nerve and made no attempt to save himself even though his knees were bent and his feet partly touched the floor.

I am much struck with the similarity between this fatal case and my brother's experience under like circumstances ; and for this reason I shall be greatly obliged if you will tell me why pre!;sure on throat should apparently prevent a person from using his hands in self-protection.

Your cases are most suggesti'le of threatening or actual death by strangulation and illustrate the usual modes of death in this condition.

I n your first case pressure was not concentrated on the thyroid cartilage. Consequently the cartilages of the larynx prevented Asphyxia to some extent and allowed venous congestion (through obstruction to the larger superficial veins of neck) to play the major part in the threatened onset of insensibility and death, with slower and more outwardly apparent effects.

In your second case pressure was probably applied directly to the thyroid cartilage itself and caused insensibility without venous congestion, possibly before convulsions of Asphyxia could appear. The garotters in days of old are said to have been expert at producing this result and to have accomplished it by pressure on thyroid cartilage with bony wrist.

In both cases the Strangulation was associated with more or less rapid onset of insensibility which was immediately preceded by depressIOn and paralysis of the Brain Centres controlling will-power. In short, I consider that pressure on throat, through its effects on brain and consciousness, brings about mterference w dlz th e 7.v£ll to move rather than loss of the power of movement.-N.C.F.

FRACTURE OF COLLARBONE AND HUMERUS.

J. S. (Liverpool ) - Please tell us what is the correct treatment of Compound Fracture of Clavicle and Simple Fracture of Humerus, both fractures being on same side.

Absence detai.l r.enders an answer incomplet e, because the query, as given, lImits me to the mechanical part of treatment.

Setting aside the danger of septic infection of fractured clavicle, I consider that the fractured humerus is nevertheless the more seri.ous of the. two injuries. If, therefore, you agree, you give attention first to the wound, controlling your by a figure-of-elght narrow bandage as shown in Fig. 45 of Textbook; and, this done, you should concentrate on your treatment ot the simple fracture of humerus.

I n so doing, deal with the humerus in the ordinary way

AID. - May, 19 2 2.

with splints and bandages; next fix in position an axillary pad (unless specially contra-indicated as by the fracture bein g in upper third of humerus ) ; then, in place of the small (or St. John) arm-sling, use a broad bandage tn bind elbow and forearm to body, like that detailed for Bleeding from Axillary Artery (Textbook, p. 92).

By thus keeping the elbow supported and the forear m at right angles to arm, you carry out your double object of controlling the fractured clavicle and of avoiding the risk of ag gravating the fra ctured humerus.-N.C.F.

COCAINE PorS@NING.

G. S. (Wors op ). - Please tell us the treatment of Co caine Poisoning as this poison is not mentioned in the T extbook.

What of that? Even if Cocaine is not mentioned, yo u can surely follow the Textbook and treat for Non-Corro siv e Poisoning.

As a fact Cocaine resembles Prussic Acid in that it is a potent nerve poison and may present serious symptoms al mos t instantly; it differs in that it is not nearly so fatal, and is p ron e to give rise to a drug habit. With both poisons the si gns are those of rapid and profound collapse, and the treatm en t indicated is that for Non-Corrosive Poisoning combined with free stimulation, as set out in Textbook for Prussic Ac id.N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED SHOULDER.

H. S. (Barrow-in-Furness).-A friend, whilst playing in a football match, dislocated his elbow. As a FIrst Aider I was surprised to learn that :;omeone prepared an angular splint only to have it thrown on one side; and that the limb was simply supported by a bandage applied to the body. Pl ease tell us what you think of this treatment.

You are clearly muddling the instructions for Fractures involving elbow joint (p. 59) and those for Dislocations of jo ints (p. 69). If, therefore, the bandage applied served to "sup port limb so as to give most ease to patient" and also to "lessen effects of jolting during transport "-then its use was fully j ustified. Personally, I should have favoured supporting lim b in large arm-sling before applying broad bandage to fix lim b to body.-N.C.F.

DRESSING FOR WOUND AND BURN.

L. G. (Norwood):-Please tell us what dressing you would consider most suitable for a wound in the hand with arte rIa l bleeding, the surrounding parts having been b'urnt with corrosive alkali.

Having controlled arterial bleeding by indirect pressu re I would wash part freely with weak acid solution prepared with warm boiled water and then apply dry boric lint. Failing t his, I would use sterile otton wool or any" clean, dry, soft and absorbent dressing" (p. 85). This done, I would treat wo und in ordinary way.-N.C.F.

COMPETITION HOWLER S

H.S. (Westminster): - In our Final Competition marks were a:varded (r) for washing a clean wound, (::: ) for ex posin g a sl77'lple fracture of leg-, (3) for raising an injured limb before examin ation because a varicose vein had also bnr st, (4) for removing constrictions after the varicose vein had been treated, and (5) for applying an oily face-mask in corrosive alkali burn. I wonder what you have to say about this of howlers, as presented by a judge, in one competItion?

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EDITORIAL.

of the Metropolis. To·day the slogan "Safety First" IS familiar to all.

In previous articles 10 FIRST Am the close association between safety and first aid has bf,en remarked upon, it being pointed out that whereas the Safety MovemEnt counsels habits of prudence, car e, 9.nd forethought in the prevention of risks which may involve accidents, the latter disseminates the knowledg e by which the effect of personal injuries way be minimised, suffe ring alleviated and possibly life saved when accidents do arise.

The two movements ar e cbsely associated for the good of humanity this affinity has dou btless influenced the Great Western Railway, who have always been in the forefront in am bulance matters, to amalgamate them under a single organisation. The activiti es of the combin ed organisation will b e watched with considerable

Safety and First Aid.

FROl\I time to time we have referred in the pages of this journal to the Safety Movement, which has for its object the inculcation of habits of prudence and thE. avoidanc e of risky practices which may involve personal injur ie s. It has b ee n aptly referred to as "First Aid to the Uninjured."

We feel that this d eparture on th e part of the Great Western Railway is upon right lines. Th e two movements spring from a common source, and we feel that the men who are prepared to sacrifice their time to acquire first aid knowledge so that they may administer to the ne e ds of their comrades in the times of emergency are those who have th e right mentality to preach the gospel of "safety" and by example and precept to get their fellows to avoid risky practIces.

We wish the" Safety and First Aid" Movement on the Great Western Railway that full support of all the memb ers of the staff of which it certainly des e rves.

"FIRST AID"

TO THE & SICK· •

With 30£ illustrations, some coloured. Stiff Boards, 2/9 net, or Limp Leather, 5/3 net, posttree. +

An Advanced Ambulance Handbook

By F. J. Warwick, B.A.,M.B. & A. C. Tunstall, M.D., F.R.C.S.,

• One of the most works on the subiect published at a popular pnce. "-First Aid Journal

Also "FIRST AID" WALL DIAGRAMS, On Strong Sheets, size 2 ft. 2 in. x 3 ft. 4 in.

Complete Set uf 19 Sheets printed c:m tough cartrid ge paper, on Roller, 42/= net; or mounted on Lmen, 70/ - net. Postage 1/=

JOHN WRIGHT & SONS Ltd., BRISTOL.

JAB

Rank and File Tunic and Trousers, to lJ. • • • measure, £2 7s. 6d. Pattellls an d particulars on appllcation.-Thornton & Co., tailors, 24, Commercifl.l-street, L"OR SALE, a quantity of Ambulance Uniform £' Trousers, all SIzes, quite new, J6s. 6d. a pair. Also 20 pairs Uniform Trousers, to clear, at lOS. per pair, quite new. Also 14 S.J.A.B. Nurse's Coats, all wool grey serge, to clear, at 37s. 6d., cannot repeat.-Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighouse

"FIRST

AID " QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries MAY, 1922.

It may· not be within the knowl edge of our readers that the Safety Movement was introduced into this country in 1913 by the Great Western Railway Company for the benefit of its e mployees. It was rapidly taken up by several large industrial undertakings and the Underground Railways and its associated including General Omnibus Company, did much to popularise the Movement with the ge neral pu bhc by means of a poster and general publicity sch eme. The of the Movement was extended to cover the railway or 'bus passengers, the p e destrians in the stre et s, vehicle drivers and others until we now hav e a London Safety First Council reprepractically all interests using the roads and railways

Mr. J. Simmons, 33, S.W.!8 asks if CompetItion SecretaTl t s wlil notify him of any imp e nding ambulance a radius of 20 miles of Charing Cross 10 whIch a railway ambulance team will be eligible to compete under association rules

The College of Ambulance, 56, Queen W. I, has arranged an e xcellent course of PublIc L:ctures for the Summer Term, 1922, on Thursday evemngs. at 8 o'clock, also a special course of Lectures for GUIde Captains, Teac.hers and Welfare Workers and. all who havL. the care of girls, the full syllabus can be obtained from the Secretary.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd" STREET, LONDON, E.o.4.

No. District COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

-FIRST

AI D.- June, 1922

Grand 3>riory of the Order of the ,}(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT. St. John .t\mbulanee Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

JULY, 19 22

Sunday, 2nd.-No 51 Division, Croydon. " 9th.-N o. 58 Barkley & Perkins. 16th.-No.53 " Watford. 23rd. -No. 54" Brentford. " 30th.-No. 55 " Southall.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

CORRECTION.

D.O. issued May 30th, J9 22 , Nos. 528 , 529, 530 and 531 were incorrectly numbered. They should be known as 528A, 529A, 530A, and 53IA.

D O. 532.-Mention was accidentally orr:.itted of the No. 10 Nursing Division, which came out third in the Competition, and gained a total of 323} marks.

CHURCH PARADE.

The Annual Church Parade will be held at the Order Church, on Sunday, July 2nd, 1922. The service will commence at 11.30 a.m. Ambulance members taking part will assemble under the Central Arch at Smithfield Meat Market, and march from there to the Order Church, St. John's Square. I t is hoped that members of ambulance divisions especially will make every effort to be present on this occasion. Memb ers in charge of ambul<tIlce divisions, are specially asked to draw the attention of their members to this Church Parade, and get them to make every effort to attend.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

Owing to the frequently expressed desire that the Annual Inspectio.n shoul.d not be held toward the middle of July, it has been decIded thIs year to postpone It until about the end of September.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisi.onal ?-re requested, when sending news paper cuttIngs of their meetmgs, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

No. 2 DIVISION) B. SECTION.-A dinner was held by the sectIOn on the 18th May at Anderton's Hotel Fleet -street. Supt. H. G. Wakely occupied the chair and supported by a large company. The section also held a concert on May 24th, at the Shored itch Town Hall to raise unds to extend the scope of the Division.

N.C.O. 'S CLuB.-On July 6th, at 7.30 p.m. at W H Smith & Sons' C: lub , I I, Milford-lane, Strand, vi.C.2. 5ergt, Hayes B"lve a lecture entitled "Some points a

Brigade N.C.O. slwuld know." This subject appeals to al N.C.O.'s. Since the club's formation we have received can gratulations from various quarters. N.C.O.'s, please do no send your congratulations, but an application for memberShip or your presence at our next meeting will help us much better' -Particulars from Han. Sec., H. J Palmer, lO, Newington Green-road, N.1.

NO.3 Disrrict.

BIRMINGHAM.-The second annual distribution of Ambulance Awards in connection with the D.G. M.O. and Curzonstreet Classes took place before a well attended meeting of the staff. on June 1St, when the D.G.M., G. H. Shipley, Esq ., presided, by Mr. J. Turner, O.B.E., Dr. G. St. Johnston. County Surgeon, S.J.A.B., Mr. Irwin (Accountant) and Mr. Woodward (Agent ) '

The Secretary, Mr. J. E. Matthews, in presenting his report said that not only was the splendid result of the first session maintained, but the membership increased from 46 to 61. At the examination members passed for 1st year certificate, 25 for the Voucher, I for the Medalion 20 for Labels, making a total of 59 passes, no failures. result for itself. of the excellent efforts put forward by each mdlvldual, both In the regular. atten?ances at each meetin g, and also of the thoroughness With which the home studies were carried out.

The year was unique in the local ambulance history for the services of several members had been officially recognised Mr. C. W. Musson, whose record as an ambulance worker extended over 20 years, had been elected a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. He .had with Messrs. H. E. Jeffs, A. W. Lee and A. W. WIer, qualIfied the Long Service Medal of the St. John Ambulance Bngade, which is onl y awarded after 15 years efficient service.

The social side of the class had not been overlooked and the programmes of the concerts arranged by Mr. J. H. Hotchkiss had proved most enjoyable.

In concluding his report Mr. Matthews thanked the members for their splendid support, and appealed to them all to continue their studies in ambulance work.

The chairman, in presenting. the aw?-rds, said how very glad he was to be present on thIS occaSIOn, and he heartil y congratulated the members on what he was proud to call" His Class)) on the excellent result that had been obtained. On behalf of the class members he then asked Mr. St. Johnston to accept an "Onoto" Fountain Pen, as a token of the ir appreciation of his services as Class Lecturer. A Class member, M.r. A. Ford, in supporting !he chairman, spoke of the very InterestIng and helpful manner In which the Doctor had deliyered his lectures. He took the opportunity of also of thankmg Mr. Matthews for the very able manner in which he carried out his duties as Secretary, and the tactful way in which he had conducted the practices.

Mr. St. Johnston, .in accepting .the gift, cordially thanked the members and paid a warm tnbute to their standard of efficiency to be able to render First Aid in the railway world was most valuable.

A vote of thanks to the chairman, proposed by Mr. Irwin, and seconded by Mr. Woodward, was then carried and the proceedings terminated.

The Annual Church Parade of the Birmingham Ambulance and Nursing was held on Sunday afternoon, June lIth

The men fell In at Headquarters at 2.30 and moved off at 2.45 headed by the Birmingham Police Band. The Nursing Divisions assembled in Edgbaston-street and marched to the Church.

The Para.de was favoured with splendid weather and the march was witnessed by large crowds of sightseers who had flocked into town for the occasion.

The members the Brigade to t.he number of 500 filled the body of the Parish Church, the SIdes being occupied by the public. The Rector of Birmingham, the Very Rev. Canon Grose the service, and the was

June, 19 22 • -FIR.ST by Corps Surgeon E. W. Parsey, M.A., M.B. Those present included Sir John Holder, Bart. (President of the Birmingham Centre), Lady Holder, Assistant Commissioner, Capt. Henton White, District Officer, C. N. Milner, Lady District Officer Mrs. Porter, Corps Surgeon E. W. Parsey, Corps Supt. E. W. Ballard (in charge of the Men's Divisions), Lady Corps Supt. Miss Barling (in charge of the Nursing Divisions), Corps Officers G. Kingsnorth and E. Elliott.

In addressing the .Brigade the Rector said :-" A real welcome to you men and women of an ancient and noble Order. Such service, disinterested and dictated by unselfish love, as is rendered by the Order of St. John of Jerusalem makes the world sweeter to-day. I t counteracts the too prevailing spirit of only working for what one can get and then doing as little as possible. Such a spirit is utterly unworthy of the twentieth century manhood and womanhood. In the bull ring recently I heard a man say, I will never do a day's work unless I am paid for it, and well paid too,' and the crowd applauded. I do not believe that man would act upon what he said. That is the spirit of the devil, just as voluntary work is the Spirit of Christ. Thank God the spirit of chivalry is not dead-the spirit that gives help to those who need helpsometimes at great cost to oneself."

After the service the men marched to Victoria-square where they were dismissed.

No. 4 District.

MORECAMBE.-The commodious Headquarters recently acquired by the Ambulance and Nursing DIvisions of Moreca mbe, were opened formally by the Earl of Derby, on F ebruary 22nd. The building was purchased by the Divisions so me twelve months since, at a co::;t of £3,500, and about £1 ,500 has been spent on structural alterations and decorations, to adapt the premises to their requi(ements, with the result that the Morecambe Divisions are now the proud possessors of one of the finest Headquarters in the country. Besides a good drill hall, with all necessary store -r ooms, garage, office, kitchen, &c., there is a large assembly hall admirably adapted to the purpose of Conferences, district cOIPpetitions, &c., and also for public and private gatherings.

Towards the cost incurred, the Divisions had in hand the su m of £1,500, which had been gradually accumulated for the provision of suitable premises, so that on the occasion of the opening, there was a debt existing of about £3,500. With the object of clearing, or at any rate largely reducing the liability, the Divisions sought the help of the townspeople to arrange for a mammoth" Black and White" Bazaar. This help was readily forthcoming, and strenuous work has been going on for some months to ensure the success of the undertaking, the event having been looked forward to in the town with the keenest interest.

The Bazaar was held on May 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th, and was opened on the first day by General Sir Archibald Hunter, M.P., the chair being occupied by Colonel Trimble, the District Commissioner. An admirable spirit prevailed throughout the whole affair, and generous support was heartily accorded, the excellent object appealing strongly to the practical sympathy of the general public.

Dr. H. F. Oldham, the Division Surgeon and President of the Bazaar, has been the energetic leader of an enthusiastic band of workers, and he was a proud man when at the close he was able to announce that the total receipts, including subscriptions, amounted to ,62,200, and that after the expenses had been met, there would remain £2,000 to be applied to the reduction of the debt.

We heartily congratulate the Morecambe Divisions on their acquisition of such adequate Headquarters, the courage shown in the undertaking, and the unqualified success that has attended their efforts.

No. 5 District.

LINCOLN.-The Lincoln Corps has lost an honoured supporter and formerly very active member by 1 death of

AID - 195

the K. R. Deighton, Appointed to the rank of Corps after servIng WIth much energy from his enrolment 1897, he continued ,until through illh ealth, he retired In 1918. He was first superIntendent of A Division and promoted when the Corps was formed later, receiving all rewards as they regularly became due. Brigade service in time mac;le him well fitted for important serious duties which followed In August, 1914, when he was appointed V.A.9. Commandant on mobilization of Brigade. Transport of convors of. to the Northern Military Hospital and. air raid duties were no lIght part of his valuable war servIces.

I n paying their last tributes of respect the Lincoln Divisions were represented by Corps, Divisional and NursinR Division Officers, and twenty other ranks at the funeral.

N OTTINGHAM.-The final competition for the handsome shield presented last year to the Nottingham Corps by Mr. A. B. Gibson, assistant Commissioner, was held at Carrington, on June Ith. Twelve teams, representing divisions in the Nottingham Corps, competed. The Nottingham City Division, the holders of the shield, again proved to be the winners, but the general, all round standard, was so high, that speCUlation as to the issue, was maintained to the end, when the results were announced as follows : Nottingham City NO.1, 619 marks; Net?erfield, 508 ; Central No. I, 482i; G. N. No. I, 463!; Carnngton No. I, 4S7 ! ; Robin Hood, G. N. No.2, 439; Central No. 2, Carrington 2, 422 -b- ; Hulwell, Midland, 41St; Nottingham City No. 2, The judges were :-For stretcher and wagon drill, Col. Copeland; team test, Dr. F. Crooks; qu estions, Dr. Parker and Dr. Hodge; practical work and bandaging, Lieut.·Col. Pooler and Major Caldwell. The competitions were organised by Major H. W. Spaight, and the carrying out of the ments was entrusted to S upt. Collingham, of the Carrington Division.

No. Q District.

PLYMOUTH.-The unveiling of a beautiful brass tablet in memory of the members of the Plymouth COLPS, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and of the George Street Church Ambulance Brigade, who fell during the Great War, 1914-18, took place at the splendidly equipped Central Ambulance Station, Notte Street, Plymouth, on Sunday afternoon, 28th May, 1922.

The service was attended by the Mayor and Mayoress (Ald. J. F. and Mrs. vVinnicott), and prominent townsmen. Ambulance officers, men and nurses paraded, the officers being Asst Com. H. V. Miller, Mr. T. Pengelly (district officer), Mr. H. Vellacott, M.C., F.R.C.S. (C orps. Surgeon), Mr. T. Hitchcock (Corps. Supt.), Mrs. Underhay (Lady Corps Officer), Supts. Warren and J. Iliot (Millbay Division), C. M. Ball (C o-operative ), Miss Phillips (Acting Supt. Co-operative Nursing Division ). Ambulance Officers, Furzeman (D evonport), P. Doidge (Ply mouth Central ), and A. Tyler (Corps Transport Officer).

The service was conducted by the Rev. H. H. Matthew (Vicar of St. Andrew S), who said a few words regarding the purpose for which they were assembled there that afternoon.

The Rev. Wilkinson Riddle (P astor of George Street Baptist Church) gave a short address, and spoke on the way in which they took their share in the War; their gaiety, courage, modesty and dislike of being praised. In those earlier days they gladly sacrificed their leisure and turned aside from more pleasant pursuits in order to render ,; First Aid" to their fellow men. The Memorial will be a lasting commemoration of their services.

Mr. Wm. Webber, the donor, who had also lost his own son in the war, was then asked by the Mayor to unveil the Tablet, which is mounted on oak and has been placed on the landing immediately outside the general duty room.

The Re\,. H. H. Matthew then dedicated 2nd blessed the Memorial, which bears the inscription;

-FIRST AID.-

" To the Glory of God and in honoured memory of the members of the Plymouth Corps, 5t. John Ambulance Brigade, and of the George Street Church Ambulance Brigade, who gave their lives as a supreme sacrifice in the great world war, 1914' 1918."

Inset under the devices of both organisations at either side are the names of the fallen, and at the foot of the tablet is the commendation, "They took into account neither life nor death in the exercise of their duty."

The service was concluded by the sounding of the" Last Post and Reveille" by Bugler E. Holman.

After this service the ambulance officers, men and nurses filed passed the Memorial Tablet.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

'Ve are immensely proud of the splendid achievement of Headquarters Division:Team winning the "Perrott" Challenge Shield. Miss Aileen O'Kelly, Miss Evie O'Kelly, Miss Molleen O'Kelly (three sisters, surely a record) and Miss Mary Stafford, composed the team which were sixteen marks ahead of the runners up.

We congratulate on behalf of the whole district, the Misses O'Kelly and Miss Stafford individually and collectively on their win; and in doing so we must not forget the officers and others who gave up so much time and thought to the training and preparing of the Team for the contest: Lady District Supt. Dr. Ella Webb, Lady District Officers, Miss Overend, Miss Po e, Corps. Supt. A. J. M acWilliam, and M iss Penlan.

We would like to take advantage of the columns of FIRST AID to g ratefully acknowledge the congratulations and friendliness of our colleagues the" other side " of the ChanneL We quote from a report to the Commissioner from Lady Dist. Supt. Dr. Ella Webb, who accompanied the Team to London :"No words can convey to you the kind reception we got the other side. In St. John there is no 'I rish Question They received us as comrades and they parted from us as true friends. Noth ing could have exceeded the ir kindness and hospitality and sportsmanship."

The Irish Team which competed for the Dewar Shield and Symons -Eccles Cup are also to be congratulated; they were only four marks behind the winners, gaining third place. Supt. J. P. MacNamara, Sergt. Keogh, Ptes. T. Crowley, J. K illeen, J. Cushen, and P. Nicholson composed the Team. Assist. Commdr. W. G Smith and Corps. Supt. A. J MacWilliam gave up a great deal of time to the prelimmary tests and coaching of the Teams, and Mr. MacWilliam accompanied the Men s Team to London.

AON AC T AILTEANN.-We have been asked by the Exec utive Committee of the Aonac Tailteann (Irish Olympic Games ) to undertake the entire ambulance work for the (\ Great Week, " August 6th to the 13th.

District Officer A. J. has appointed Brigade RepresentatIve on the ExecutIve CommIttee, and the following Ambulan c e Sub -Committee bas been formed to make the arraD:gements :-.The Sir John Lumsden,KB.E. (C halrm.an ), AssIstant CommISSIoner, W. G. Smith, O.B.E., Lady Dlst. Supt. Dr. Ella Webb, M,B E., Dist. Officers, A. J. Connor, M.B.E., and Miss Blandford, Corps. Supts. A. J. MacWilliam and James H. Webb, Lady Corps. Supt. Mrs. Shanks and Supts. Horne and Smurthwaite.

In addition to public duty at the trials and finals of the various contests, the Brigade has been invited to attend and parade at the opening ceremony of the Aonac Tailteann. We trust all superintendents and officers will co -operate and assist the Ambulance Sub-Committee to make this huge undertaking a real su ccess.

. On May 16th, J7th, and I.8th, the. Royal Dublin Society's Spnng. was held at theIr premIses at Ballsbridge. The CommISSIOner was requested by Mr Edward Bohane to

arrange as usual a St. John First Aid Station at the back 0 Grand Stand.

This was as on former occasions, organised splendidly by Lady Corps. Supt. ::YI.rs. Shanks with the assistance of SU pt. Paget Haffield and Lady Supt. Mrs. Eager took charge of the catering arrangements for the staff, and Lady Supt. Mis s Nugent with an ambulance sister of Kingstown Division was on duty each day, with members of St. James Gate, City of Dublin, Messrs. W. & R. Jacob's Glenageary Ambul ance Divisions.

The Station was pronounced perfect in every detail, and we quote the remarks in the Visitors' Book of a distinguis hed visitor to the Show, Assistant Comrr issioner Colonel R. J. Blackham ;-

" I congratulate Mrs. Shanks and her staff on what has been well described as a 'M iniature Hospital. The Station is one of the best-if not the best -I have seen either at home Ot abroad. It is certainly appropriate that at the Premier If orse Show of the World there shoul d be a Premier Ambulance Station."

( Signed), R. J. BLACKHAM, Col. Asst. Commd r.

Fortunately there were only a few minor accident s to record except on the final day Mrs. Marshall, a well kn ow n rider, fell and got slight concussion. She was attended at once by the Brigade people and District Surgeon, Dr. G. P. Cope in the Dressing Station and finally removed to her hotel, where we are glad to learn she quickly recovered.

We have received a report of the work at the show from Lady Corps. Supt. Mrs. Shanks, in which she desire s to particularly express her thanks to Supt. Paget Haffield, Lady Supts. Mrs. Eager and Miss Nugent, the ambulance men and sisters who worked so enthusiastically to make the First Aid Station perfe.ct.

Mr. C. Hanm e r gave bis lecture and an address last month at Norwich with a view to th e formation of a Division of the Brigade.

3' • E

The Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Ord er of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, has appointed BI ig.-Gen. th e Earl of Shaftesbury to be Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order.

• E

=:

A Sub·Division of the St. John's Ambulance Brigade, S.E. & C.R., has been formed for B9.ttle and district) in · cluding the stations of BexhilJ, Crowhurst, Etchingh am and Robertsbridge with headquarters at Battle.

The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Fo rce has just authorised the wearing of the St. John Badge for constable holding first aid certificates of the Associati on. We are glad to learn that this much overdue re form for the public will be able to tell at a glance policemen' who can render first aid ,

• E

'3

The annual competition for the Argenta Challen ge Cup, which is open to teams of the Brigade in Nos. 4, 5, and 6 Districts, wz.s held at Blackpool on May 27 th BootIe were declared the winners with 202 marks out of a po.ssible 300} Warrington, 195, were second; Stokp, 183, third; Openshaw, I84}, fourth; and N f' lson fifth. Fourteen teams competed.

When corresponding with Advertisers please men· tion "First Ald."

June,

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 197

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

MAY, 1922.

TH E following appointments have been sanctioned by H .R H. the Grand Prior:-

District Surgeon Samuel Oliver Eades, L.RC.P., to be As sistant Commissioner for the County of Suffolk, 19.5.22

District Officer John Charles Richard Freeborn, M.RC.S. to be Assistant Commissioner for tee County of Oxford, 19.5.22

District Officer Stanley Embleton to be Acting Assistant Commissioner, No.6 District, 19.5.22

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following ap pointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS). No. 31 ( Southend ) Nursing Ambulance

O fficer Bessie Ada Creed to be Lady DlVIslOnal Supt., 4. S.22

Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Bower transferred to No.2 (S t. John s Gate ) Nursing Division, supernumerary to estabment, 30-4.22

Southend D ivision.-Supt. Langley Jones transferred to th e Brigade Reserve, 23.5. 22

Ambulance Officer H. C. Clarke returned to the Active lIs t, 1.6 22

N O.2 DISTRICT

Southampton Corps.- Donald Fisher, M. B., Ch.B., to be Corps Supt., 12.5. 22

City of Bristol Corps (J. Sons, Ltd., DlVIslOn).-

M ajor Egbert Cadbury to be DIVISIOnal Supt., 30.5. 22

Andrew John Bowron Ambulance Officer, 30.5. 22

\Vindsor and Eton DIVISIon. -Sergt. Alfred Fredenck

L eader Simmonds to be Ambulance Officer, 30 .5. 22

Reading Division:-Ambulance Officer James Winterb ourne to be Divisional Supt., 2 6.22 City of Bristol Corps ('\ C " Officer

F rederick Thomas Reed to be DIV'lsIonal Supt., 2.6.22

N O.3 DISTRICT.

Northampton Corps (Headquarters

F ez Percival, M.R.C.S , L.R.C. P., to be DIVISIonal Surgeon, 9. 5. 22

Newark Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer D.

F arndon resigned, 3I.5·22

Wellingborough Corps (I rthlmgborough D.lVIslOn).-Dlv lsional Supt. C. Eatley transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 23· 5. 22

Leicester Corps (Great Central Railway Division).-

Leonard Duncan Porteous, M.R.C.S., L R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, [7.5. 22

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Corps (Cammell Laird Division).-Sergt. John

S carth to be Ambulance Officer, 5.5. 22

Ulackpool Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Sarah

Kelsall to be Lady Divisional Supt., 10.5. 22

Bolton Corps ( Horwich Ambulance Division).-Balwant

R ai, F.R.C.S.I D. P.H., to be Divisionnl Surgeon, 17.5. 22

Bolton Corps (Horwich Nursing Division).-Igbal Hosain

S yed, L.M.S.A.,.t? Divisional Surgeon, 17.5. 22

Padiham DlvIslOn.-Sergt. John Holmes to be Ambulance Officer, 26.5. 22

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Heeley Division. - Supt. J. Garlick re s igned, 21. 5 22

Boston Division. - Ambulance Officer G. Fox resi gned, 17.4. 22

Worksop Division. - Divisional Supt. W. Grea t orex resigned, 4.4.22

Huddersfield Corps '( Railway Division ).-Ambulanre Officer A. Sheard transferred to North Bierley D Ivision, supernumerary to establ ishment, 26.5 22

Oxenhope Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Ratcl iffe resigned, 26 5.22

Lois Whitaker to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 13.4. 22

Bradford City Division -Ambulance Officer Fred Hanson to be Divisional Supt., 22.5.22

New Hucknall Collieries Corps.-Capt. Perc va l M uschamp to be Corps Supt., 23.5.22

Ambulan c e Offi cer George Woodland to be Corps O ffi ler 23.5. 22

Eric William Lane to be Corps Offi cer, 24.5. 22 Corps 5urgson Huuert W. Horan, M B , tran sferre d from Warsop Corps, 23.5,22

New Hucknall Collieries (Headquarters D ivis ion ).William Harold Brailsford Stevens to be Supt. , 23.5. 22

George William RaIlings to be Ambulance 23.5. 22

Robert Irvine, L.R.C.P., L.RC.S , to be D IV ISIOnal S urgeon, 23.5.22

Longton and District Corps.-Divis ional Sur g eon CeCI l Hutchinson Hopwood, M.B., B.Ch., to be Corps S urg eon , 3 5. 22

Divisional Supt. Allen Sept imus Heath to be Corps S upt. , 3.5. 22

Sergt. Percy John Evans to be Corps Offi cer, 3.5. 22

Divisional Supt. Edmund Edward Dudley to be Corp s Officer, 4.5.22

Denaby Main Corps.-Sergt. Louis Isa ac Moseley to be Corps Sergt.·Major, 3.5. 22

Lincoln Corps.-Ambulance Offi cer W ill iam Thomas Mitton Trafford to be Corps Officer,5.s. 22

Ambulance Officer Robert Alston to b e Corps OffIc er, 6.5. 22

Dewsbury and District Corps ( Batley Dlvlslon ).-A h ce Atkinson to be Nursing Officer, 28-4. 22

Ambulance Sister Mary Colbeck to be Lady Ambulan ce Officer, 28422

Corpl. Horace Horne to be Ambulance Officer, 29-5- 22 Leeds Corps ( Central Nurs ing Division ) - Ambulan ce Sister Agnes Walker to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 254 22 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Sunderland Nursing Div ision.-Ambu lance Sister Jane Elizabeth Waddell to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 9.5. 22

Sunderland Eastern Division.-Sergt. Albert Ta lbot to be Ambulance Officer, 17.5. 22

Hebburn Nursing Division.-John Lmdsey, M.D., Ch. B ., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13.5. 22

Gateshead Nursing Division -Lady Ambulance Offi cer Miss W. Robson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 30.-102 2 Darlington Nursing Division.-Olive Foster to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23.5.22

Brandon Colliery Division. - Supt. R. Nelson reSIgned , 9. 6 22 M B

Hull Corps (Central Division ).-Norman J ennmgs, , B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, 1<).5. 22 NO.7 DISTRICT.

Oswestry Nursing Division.-Mrs. Betty Wells Cartwright to be Lady Divisional Supt., 12.5. 22

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- June, 1922.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Guildford Corps.-Corps Surgeon H. Lowis, O.B.E., resIgned, 23.5.22

Brighton and Hove Corps.-Corps Officer Charles Yates to be Corps Supt., 205.22

Corp3 Supt. C. Griffin transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31.5. 22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Dorchester Division.-Edgar Wilmot Smerdon M.D, F. to be Surgeon, 14.322

arkstone Dlvlslon.-Archibald Richard Paterson M.D., B.C., to Surgeon, 14.3 22

DlVIslOn.-Allen Birks, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., B.A., t J DIvIsional Surgeon, 2J.3 22, vice Dr. Watson resigned. . of Plymouth Co:ps (Stok e Section, Devonport S:entral Divislon ).- Gordon Onel, M.B., B.eb., to be Divisional Surgeon, 44.22

.!?orough .of Plymouth Corps (Plymouth Co-operative Nursmg Divislon).-Sergt. Charles Thomas Byfield Ball to be Ambulance Officer, 16.522

: Abbot Corps (N ewton Abbot Division).-Divislonal J. Hatfield transferred from late Abbotskerswell DIvIsion, 2104-22

Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer F. Harris resigned, 21.4. 22

Ambulance Sister Dorothy Bice to be Ladv Ambulance Officer, 16.5.22

Ambulance Sister Minnie Graham to be Nursing Officer 65.22

Torquay Nursing Division.-Mary Hammond Jane to be Lady DIvIsional Supt., 2.5 22

No. I I DISTRICT.

The South Eastern and Chatham Railway District will be known as follows :-

N? 1 (South and Chatham Railway ) District.

Hither Green Dlvlslon.-V.C. George Allan Maling

M A., M.B., B.Ch., M. R .C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional gron, 22.5.22

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Constance Graham to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22-422

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : 'NO.3 DISTRICT.

Brierley Hill Nursing Division re-named "Brierle Hill and Quitrry Bank" Division -235. 22 Y

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Heeley Ambulance and Nursing Divisions to form part of the Sheffield Corps.- I.6.22 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Throckley Colliery 18.5 ' 22

Gateshead Saltwell Cadet N urslDg DiVIsion -Sa t' d 25 5 22 nc lOne , Cottingham 23.5 22

N.E R. (Hull) 23 . 5. 22

North TynesJde Nursmg DlvlslOn.-Disbanded, 23.5.<:2 NO·9 DISTRICT.

Dev.:mport Nursing Division -Sanctioned 5 2 NO. II DISTRICT. , 2

Rye Division.-Sanctioned, 23.5.22

DEATH S

Divisional Surgeon H. Macdonald, M 1 11.5. 22 oss ey Division,

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of Ih e Order, SI. fohn's Gale, London, E.C., ISt fune, I922.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem 10 England:-

As Knight of iusticc (from Knight of Grace) : Lieut.-Colonel Claude Bowes Palmer, C.B.E. As C ltaplaill :

The Rev. Canon Percival Stacy Waddy.

As I(llights of Grace:

William Raphael Gatt (from Esquire).

Sir Charles Hyde, BL, O B E.

The Lord Leigh.

Brigadier-G eneral The Earl of Shaftesbury K P IT C V 0 C.B.E. , '\.

A s Ladies 0/ Grace:

Ethel Maud, Mrs. A. Seton Christopher. Anme, VIscountess Cowdray.

Gertrude Marchioness of Normanby.

Charlotte ElIzabeth, Mrs. J. A. Fuller Maitland.

As Esquire:

Lieut.-Colonel Edward Verrinder Sydenham, D.S.O.

As Honorary Serv£ng Brotlzers.

Vyvyan St. Aubyn Phillips.

Robert J ames Moore.

Thomas Wilson.

Robert Thomas Duckitt.

Thomas Buchanan.

Reuben Seddon Bailev

William John Powell.'

Frank Scragg.

WJlllam Henry Terry.

John Charles Todd.

George Hazleden French.

As Honorary Serving S£sters:

Helena Frances, Miss Tuckey.

Jane, M ISS Starkey.

As Honorary Associate.

WIlliam Herbert Phillipps.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During. 4 V.A.D. Nursing members have been posted to MlDlstry of Pensions Ho')pitals.

The last V.A. D. unit to serve Overseas returned to .on May 28th, this being the General Service UnIt, unttl rece.ntly employed with the Army of the Black Constantmople, under Commandant Miss Kate MItchell.

Mitchell had been employed as General Service Supenntendent from April, I916, and embarked for

June, 19 22 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE GAZEttE

Salonica in May, 19I8, whence she proceeded in due course to Constantinople, having in the meantime been promoted to the rank of Commandant.

The following letter was received by Miss Mitchell from Lieut.-Col. Siberry, Officer Commanding, No. 43 General Hospital, when the V.A.D. Unit was transferred from Salonica to Constantino ole, and below it is the letter a ddressed to the Unit on thei'r departure from Constantinople :-

Commandant, V.A.D ., G.S. Camp, Army of the Black Sea.

Would you please convey to the members ofyout' camp who have done duty at this hospital my thanks, and that of the Unit under my command, for their very valuable assistance, loyalty and devotion to duty.

We all de eply deplore their departure to Constantinople at an early date, and I assure you they carry with them the best wishes of all ranks of No. 43 General Hospital.

(Signed) E. W. SIBERRY, Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C. O. C., No. 43 General Hospital. Salonica, 23.6.19.

Corps H.Q., Comtantinople. May 12th, I922.

Dear Miss Mitch e ll,-

On behalf of the British Corps of Occupation I wish to thanK you and the members of the General Service Section of the V.A. D. for all the good work you have done during the period you have been in Constantinople.

I know that I am voicing the sentiments of all those with whom you have worked, when I say that you will be much missed, and when I bid you bon voyage and good luck in the future.

Very sincerely yours,

(Signed) T O. MARDEN.

It must be a source of great gratification to Miss Mitchell and her Unit to feel how much their services were valued by those under whom they worked, and how greatly they are missed.

The V.A.D. Lawn Tennis Association has been successful in obtaining two most excellent grass courts at the Centut'Y Sports Grounds, vVembley Park.

Those two courts will belong exclusively to the Association, and adjacent to the courts is a small plvilion, containing chairs for the use of the members, while in the grounds is a Club House with shower baths, lavatories, etc. Luncheon, tea and dinner may be obtained in the Club House at popular prices.

Wembley Park is situated in pretty country, 71 miles from Marble Arch, and can be reached by Metropolitan, Bakerloo and Great Central Railways.

The Committee hope that members of the Association will find the new courts more accessible than those at Chiswick last year. Members are urged to send in their nam e s as early as possible, as it may be necessary to limit m embership.

The subscription has been increased to 155., but it is thought that this will benefit members, as in raising the subs(;option, the IS. fee for introducing individual guests has been abolished. Subscriptions should be paid to the Hon. Mrs. Marsham, O.B.E., 5, South Elton·place, S.W.I, and all information required can be obtained from the

Secretary of the Association, Mrs. Haig Smith, 32, Ashburnham Mansions, Chelsea, S.W.IO.

lt is hoped to arrange various tournaments and matches during the season, and members of the ASSOCiation have also the opportunity of entering for the tournaments arranged by the Century Sports Tennis Club to whom the adjoining courts belong.

V. A. D. members are reminded that their su bscriptions must be paid before using the courts. and that their membership cards for 1922 must be in their possession when using the courts.

We have received enquiries with regard to the new Convalescent Hom e, Eddlewood) Weybridge, which is now open to receive patients.

The Matron is assisted by an excell ent nursing staff, and Dr. Rob, of Weybridge, has been appointed Medical Officer. Applications for admission should be made to the Matron direct.

Int e nding visitors to the Holiday Hotel, S. Htlena's, 24, Earls-avenue, Folkestone, would do well to make a point of securing their rooms well in advance, as the hotel IS very full at the present time, and is likely to continue so until the end of the summer.

We are sorry to announce the death of V. A. D. member Miss Kathleen Margaret McCall, which occurred in London last month (May). Miss McCall had given valuable service during the war as a Nursing Member in France.

Award of Life Saving MedaJ.

HIS Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, and the Chapter·General have approved of the award of the Life Saving Medal of the Order to Ambulance Officer Alfred Hewitt, St. John Brigaje, of Wainfelin, Pontypool, for risking his life in the following circu mstances :-

On loth December, 1921, William Webb 54), rope examiner and assistant pitman, was e ngaged at work in a pit cage in Tirpentwys Colliery when he accidentally fell 72 yards on to a cage lower down. John Steadman, senior pitman, descended another shaft and made his way to a point 8 ft. below the low er cage, whence he climbed to the top of the cage whtre William Webb was lying entangled in the guide ropes. He called for help to extricate Webb, and Alfred Hewitt, although ignorant of pitman's work, responded to the call and climbed to the top of the cage. Webb weigh ed about 14 stone, and Hewitt, although unprot ected in any way, had to work under water streaming down th e shaft, knowing that the slightest slip meant a fall of qo yards to the bottom of the shaft. After W e bb, who was dead, had been freed from the guide ropes he was placed on the [o.of of the cage and there held by the two asststed by another workman, and slowly rais : d to the surfac e

Aeroplane ambulances have been used in the Air Service of the United States Army since early in 19 18, the first one having been constructed in February of that year. Subsequently the Chief of Air Service in Washington issued instructions that all flying fields convert a suitable plane into an for use in emergencies.

An extract from the Paris Figaro of Decem ber 5th 19 2 I, shows that the French Army is making increasing use of the aeroplane ambulance. "A few weeks ago in Morocco the am bulance aeroplanes made a remarkable record bv transporting 18 wounded men 80 kilometres we hear that in the Levant they have just evacuated 44 wounded a distance of 400 kilometres over the desert of Syria between Dier-ez-Zor, on the Euphrates, at the I>outhern border of our mandate, and Altppo."

The prompt first-aid and the speedy, comfort trips through the air lessen much severe suffering and

in some cases actually sav e liv e s. It is believed that in both war and peace this means of transporting the sick and wounded will eventually become of great importance.

Since February 1st, 1922, by an amendment of th e Navigation (Health) Regulations of Australia, every foreign-going ship or Australian trade ship traveliing 600 miles or more between consecutive ports of call with more than ten persons on board must have, in the absenc e of a ship's doctor, a person certified by an approved authority" as qualified to render' first aid.'" Among th e authorities recognized are the St. John s Ambulanc e Association, St. Andrew's Am bulance Association, British Red Cross Society. *

Mr. Herbert Lewis, at a conference of ambulanc e representatives, at Pontypridd recently, gave some interesting details of the Welsh Priory's am bulance s e rvice, he pointed out that in some of the colliery districts every man subscribed to th e transport fund. For a contribution of one penny per we e k the ambulance was at the service, not only of the miner himself, but also of his wife and children to convey them to the hospital or infirmary free of charge . Water beds, bath chairs, and other medical appliance s were also available. The collierie; in South Wales wer e now taking up the question of medical depots very keenly, and depots were springing up everywhere.

The numb er of n e w Ambulancf: Stations equipped by the Horne Service Ambulance Committee since the date of the last annual report is 39. A r e- organisation of th e areas in Certain counties, has, however, permitted th e closing of 10 stations in the same period, so that the ne increase for the year is 29. The total number of ambulances now in service is 309.

The allocation to the Committee by the Court of Chancery of a grant from the unexpended balance of th e British Ambulance Committee's Fund has made it possibl e to meet the urgent requests for these new stations without seriously curtailing the work of replacing the worn-out heavy ambulances by n e w ones on the lighter chassis 55 exchanges hav e been effected during the year, and the new vehicles have been warmly welcomed by those who are responsible for their

The returns for the first six months of the current year's work of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John Hospital Library indicate that the full year's results will be far in excess of all previous ones.

The Library has already supplit.d 695 hospitals, sanatoria, etc., besides the various training centres for ex-service men; being 11 in excess of the total supplied for the whole of last year. Numerous letters of thanks have bee'} received, telling what delit,ht and pleasure the Libraries give to the patients.

The "Dewar" and "Perrott" Shield Competitions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade

Wrt reported last month the results .of the and " Perrott" Competitions, we now give the markIng sheets of each.

"DEWAR" SHIELD AND "SYMONS ECCLES " CHALLENGE CUP.

PART I (a)-VIVA VOCE.

.-A person has received a wound in abdomen, an artery being injured. Give signs and treatment.

Rapid loss of strength , .giddiness and faintness, especially when upright pOSItIOn assumed Pallor of face and lips; cold clammy SklO

Pulse fails and altogether dIsappears at wnst

Breathing hurried and laboured and act:ompanled by yawning and sighing

Patient throws arms about, tugs at clothlOg round neck, and calls for air (air hunger)...

Patient may become totally unconscIOus

Treatment :-

Keep patient in recumbent position, head low and turned on one side

Undo all tigh clothing neck

Provide free circulation of air: fan patIent Sprinkle cold water on the face

Hold smelling salts to the nostrils

Avoid other forms of stimulants untIl h ze morrhage has been controlled '"

Ice to suck; apply ice-b.ag to affected regIOn

I f in state of collapse, raIse feet and bandage from toes to hips and from fingers to shoulders

2.-How would you treat a person who had been bitten by a venomous snake in the foot?

I mmediately place constriction between wound and heart with digital pressure

Apply ligature ( string, plece ofhandkerchlef) tightly round ankle, not relaxmg.dlgital pressure

Apply additionalJigatures Intervals up leg

Encourage bleedmg for a tIme .... ...

By bathing with warm water, patIent seated with foot on ground

Cauterize wound. FlUId caustIC, pure carbolic or :nitric acid, red hot wire

Be careful to reach bottom of wound

Scratch skin round wound and apply Pot: Permang. powdered

•.•

Cover wound with clean dressmg and bandage

Afford support to the injured limb

Treat for shock

Send for medical assistance

State nature of the case

3.-A person is lying in the effect of an electric shock. He IS III contact WIth a lIve wIre

How would you treat him?

Insulate yourself from earth by standmg on Insulator or non-conductor ( India-rubber, linoleum, dry glass, dry bricks dry silk dry cloth, dry wood, hay, or straw)

Protect hands'from .contact with patient and electnc medium by dry artIcle of cloth 109, rubber pouch, folded paper...

If anything available, attempt to drag patIent away with crooked stick, loop of rope, do not use umbrella

Pull patient f.rom contact... .;"

Avoid touching with naked hands,. patIent s hands, wet clothing or boots if soles are nailed

Avoid touching arm-pits

Undo all tight clothing

I nsure abundance of fresh aIr

Arrest hremorrhage if there is any

Send for medical assistance

Do artificial respiration. (Sc hafer 's method )

Turn patient to prone position, no pad, head turned to SIde, keep nose and mouth from ground ...

If there are any signs of congestion in patient s face revert to Si Ivester's Method

Adjust patient's position

On back on flat surface, head lower than feet

Remove all tight clothing neck and chest

Bare part of body to stomach

Unfasten braces and top bntton of trousers, or corsets In women

Raise shoulders, support on firm cushio n or folded coat under shoulder blades

The "Pc.rrott·' Challenge Shield, competed for on the first occasion on 16th.

Draw forward tont;ue. (Tie-clip)

Movements (Silvester )

Continue for ten minutes, and revert to Schafer

Excite respiration. Smelling- salts and snuff

Promote Circulation and warmth

-I.-Give signs of opium poisoning and treatment in detail.

Signs. .'

Tendency to go to sleep, ",hlch contlOues un'il sleep become deep and

-FIRST

Al D.- June, 1922.

June, 1922

Breathing stertorous

Pupils of eyes become immediately contracted (pinhole pupils) Treatment.

Send for doctor at once

Stating what has occurred

Giving if possible name of poison

Give an emetic

Mustard, tablespoonful in tumbler (t pint) of luke warm water. Repeat at intervals

Or Salt. Two table spoonsful in tumbler (i pint ) of luke warm water. Repeat until vomiting occurs

If vomiting retarded put two fingers at back of throat to hasten matters

Walk patient about Slap hce and neck and chest with wet towel

Strong black coffee g-iven to drink

Slapping soles of feet... ... ... ...

Give 10 grains permanganate potash in pint of water and repeat in half an hour '"

Or Three table<;poonsful of Candy'S Fluid in pint of water and repeat in half an hour '"

Apply artificial respiration if breathing ceases to be discerned or is failing

Treat shock and collapse

Preserve vomited matter

Do not wash vessels whit h may have contained poison, but guard them i

5·-How would you treat a person suffering from shock or collapse?

Attend to any injuries

Undo all tight clothing '"

Remove from close or crowded room

Use encouraging words

'Liability to relapse after temporary improvement

Care !o mamtam heat of body and to guard against faIlure of heart and lungs '"

Cover with extra clothing, blankets, etc.

Get to bed m well ventilated room as soon as possible

H. W.E. or hot flannel to feet and pit of stomach

Test with bare elbow heat of H.W.E. and flannel ...

If patient can swallow and no uncontrollable hc:emorrhage hot drinks, milk, tea or coffee with sugar '"

Or sal volatile in half tumbler of water (I) m SIpS (r)

1I'cest ability swallow by introducing teaspoonful of coid water at time between gums and cheek

'Smelling salts to nose... '"

face with hot and cold water alternate1y

\Vlgorous upward friction of limbs '"

Itn case of hremorrhage, examine wound to see ;f blood still flows

1\rrest hc:emorrhage

In case of collapse due to want of nourishment give food ('I) sparingly at first (r)

Send for medical assistance

PART I (B) INDIVIDUAL TESTS.

rFest I. -Treat case of fractured collar bone- right side indoors.

IP osition of patient- sitting

:Support of injured limb by patient

Remove coat

lUnfasten brace on injured side

\P ad in armpit

SIze of pad-about 2in. by 4in.

Gently bend forearm well up

Keep shoulder back as far as practicable

St. John Slmg

Secure limb to side by broad bandage round elbow and trunk '" '"

Seeing circulation in limb is not impeded

Tighten sling

Treatment of shock

Test 2.-Treat case injury _ left elbow joint. Out of doors, (Injury on mSlde of elbow joint.)

Position of patient-sitting down...

Flex forearm, if practicable-practicable in this case

Support of forearm by patient's right hand Making right-angle splint

Efficiency of splint; beyond elbow to finger-tips

Applying splint to outside of limb

Bandages, round arm, forearm and hand; efficiency

large arm sling

Test 3.-Treat deep wound of palm of right hand, with free arterial bleeding caused by broken glass. Out of doors.

Position of Patient-sitting down

Prompt arrest of hremorrhage

Avoid contamination of wound by hands, unless painted with mild T. Iodine, or rubbed with methylated spirit

Question-Is foreign body in wound? (No.)

" Is wound dirty? (No, clean)

Apply mild Tincture of Iodine to wound

Applying clean dressing to wound

Applying firm clean pad over dressing

Instruct patient grasp pad firmly

Firm bandaging over pad 2

Releasing tourniquet. (Leave in position)

Question.-Does pad and bandage on wound resist hremorrhage? (Yes.)

Elevate forearm, r ; apply St. Tohn sling, 2 3

Seek medical assistance

Treat shock, if any 2

Test 4.- Two Competitors (M ember in charge of team and Private).- Treat man found in room insensible from fumes of petrol; breathing ceased. That portion of treatment which cannot be illustrated should be be described to Judge verbally. Open

2

Message to signalman to protect line 10

Approach 3

Card N" o. 2.-You find the patient unconscious and lyi ng on his face, with his legs across the inner railway line, convubively jerking his limbs about. You notice that the movements of the right leg dIffer from those of the other limb; also, that he has sustained a cut on his right temple, which is bleeding freely.

Discrimination

Immediate digital pressure on temporal artery

Man returns fr.:Jm signal box to report line blocked

Steadying body and lImbs

Turning patient on hack between rails-with care

Especially to right leg

Pad and bandage to temporal artery

Treatment of epileptIC fit.

Undo all tight clothmg about neck, chest and waist

Ensure abundant fresh air. (Competitors not to crowd round patient's head)

Examine air passages

Support patient's head

Prevent biting tongue

No forcible restraint 2

Prevent hurting himself 2

Judge-after three minutes-Fit has passed off.

"PERROTT"

Promote warmth-blankets, hot flannels, hot water bottle hot bricks wrapped in flannel; applied to feet, limbs and body

If patient can swallow, hot tea, coffee or meat extract 2 Keep patient in bed 2 Not leave patient until in charge of responsible person 2 Encourage sleep ... ... ... .. .

f breathing difficult large poultices or fomentations to front and back of chest will relieve

PART II.-TEAM WORK.

Card I.-You are to suppose you are returning home after <:ompeting in a preliminary competition for the "Dewar II Shield. You are sitting together on a seat at one end of the at countrr railway station, waiting for your train, whIch IS due III ten mlllutes. The platform is about 120 feet in an? at the feet beyond end of platform-IS a sIgnal box, m which a sIgnalman is working. A few yards from you, standing close to the edge of the platform, IS a youth apparently also waiting for the train. There is no one else on the platform. Suddenly the youth utters a cry; you see him reel and fall on the edge of the platform and thence on to the railway lines. Time of year, June. Weather fine and warm.

Act as you would.

Time limit, 20 minutes-at expiration of which work will be stopped by Judge.

Explicit instructions by member in charge 3

Head. Judge. No further injury

Chest. Judge. No injury

Right and left arm, fon"arm,

2 2 hand. Judge. No injury... 6 Trunk. Judge. No injury 3

Right thigh. Judge. No injury

Judge-Knee somewhat swollen. Right knee

Further examination and enquiry as to fracture

Judge-Fractured knee cap. Right leg and foot. Judge. No injury

Encouraging words

Enquiry of patient where he 3 2 lives 2

Judge-In village about! mile from station.

Enquiry for doctor 2

Judge-Patient says, nearest doctor lives about 4 miles off. Patient asks you to take him home.

Card 3.-The stationmaster appears at thIS juncture and asks you to hurry up and get your patient off the line as he wants to let the train which has been signalled in and get it away into the siding without delay, as it is being followed by a fast train.

I.-State

nurse may keep herself in health. Arrange her work to permit of

at least seven hours sleep daily;

Enquiry if anyone can take mess- By courtesy] Daily

CH. age to patient's home 2 Reply. No, unless there is anyone in coming train going to village.

Card 4.- Patient urges you to get him off lines as he IS afraid of being run over by train.

Encouraging words

Treatment of fracture.

Position of patient- raising head and shoulders

Straighten and raise limb

Splint back of limb, buttock to heel

Two narrow bandages.

First.-Centre of one immediately above knee cap, crossed behind knee. over splint, passed to front of limb, secured just below knee cap

Second.--I n reverse order

Bandage round thigh securing upper end of splint

Bandage round lower part of leg securing lower end of splint

Supporting foot well off ground '"

Cold application over fracture

Stretcher work.

2

2

(c) at intervals of not more than 4t hours _

Take every opportunity when off duty of puttmg up her feet, if only for few minutes at time:..

This lessens risk of flat foot and varicose veInS

Take all opportunities of fresh air, rest, recreation

Be regular in habits

,

Be on guard against constipation

Before resorting to medicine, doctor.

AI ways report sore throat, however lIght, to doctor ,

Constantly examine hands for cuts and cracks, espeCIally before dressing a sore

Paint cuts and cracks with mild T. Iodine

Cover them with gauze, or cotton wool teased out and afterwards saturated with collodion

Warm bath daily, if not possible, ,dry rub head to foot

Attention to nails and folds of skill round them ...

2 2 3 2 4 5 5 8 2 2 2 2

The Duke of Connaught presenting prizes to th_e Wolverhampton Team, winners of the S.J.A.B. 5hleld.

-FIRST

2,-Explain a, counter irritation; and b, how introduced,

(a) Counter irritation is :-:'IIethod for lessening of deep-seated inflammalion

By drawing blood to the surface and

So relieving congestion in deeper parts

:'lay be limited to mere reddenIng of skin

It may involve raising a blister

(b) By using mustard leaf, 2; mustard plaster, :2

By raising blister, 2 : by Spanish fly plaster, 2; blisterir.g fluid, :2...

palO or

3 -How would you fake and record a temperature?

See that mercury is stanuing at or below 95 degs.

I mmerse thermometer cold water and dry It

Put thermometer bulb in mouth or armpit

In exceptional circumstances in groin or rectum

If in mouth, place under tongue

If in armpit, skin must be thoroughly dried

Arm pressed close to side, hand placed across chest

Ch.ild's arm be held against side by nurse

If l!l groIn, thigh back against groin

I f In rectum, bulb oiled and thermometer inserted about two inches and held in position

AI ways take patient's temperature in same place

If for good reason this not done, record fact

Never take temperature just after patient washed

Nor in mouth just after he has drunk something

Record temperature on chart in appropriate space provided, morning and of each day ...

VerIfy your record by second mspection of thermometer before shaking down mercury

Clean by immersing in disinfecttng solution, Wipe, replace 111 case, bulb first ever let patient take his own temperature

4.-When and hOlv would you wash a patient ?

When.-In morning, after breakfast

How.-Befo.re disturbing patient, place table close to bed.

Put on It Water hotter than required for use. Soap. 'Washing glove. Towel...

Put patient's spare night shirt to warm

Close all windows

Remove upper bed clothes except sheet

Place them over chair; never throw on floor

Place thin blanket under patient, sides folded over h im

I f head to be washed, placed folded and warmed dra w sheet under head...

First wash and dry face and neck

Remove night shirt

Wash and dry chest and arms...

Turn patient on side, I wash and dry back I

Wash and dry legs and feet... :

Rub buttocks and sac rum with spirit and powder

Also powder other parts of body if ne cessa ry

Put on warmed night shirt '

Clean teeth if patient unable to do so

A b.oy who has been walking up and down the platform of the sl ips and falls on to rails injurin g his left ankle.

Deal With case.

Suspend traffi c

Tact with patient, encouragement

Caution patient against movement

Support injured part ... ...

Informat!on from boy. "Complains of pain in his ankle and 111 leg above ankle. " '"

What.is the nature of pain ?-(Very sharp ) :::

Examll1e part without removing boot

Is there movement of the ankle joiot ?-(Yes) ?-(No), swelling?-( Yes), I ?-(Not beyond swelling) 0), I ; unnatural mobility ?-(N 0),

Dlagnosls-Spram or fracture of fibula

Decide to treat as a fracture

Remove the boot

Treatment single-handed

A man who has fallen from the rjgging of a ship into the

Al D.- June, 11)22

water is ultimately resued and brought ashore. Deal with case.

What are the "He has evidently breath 109 there IS a nasty wound in middle of rIght forearm which is bleeding slightly. "

I nstruct bystander to take charge of arm

Send for doctor. Message dictated by you and written by bystander

Send for blankets, dry clothing-,

Send for hot water bottles

Exam ine pulse- eVery feeble )

Perform artificial respiration ( Now told the patient is now breathing-.)

Feel stronger)... wound ( H cem orrhage, venous; much increased)

ExarnlOe for fractu r e-(N one )

Digital pressure on wound

Dress wound, pad and bandage

Treat shock

You .a re called to an elderly

In the waltmg room of the station floor beside an overturned c hair:

man who has been found lying on his back on the He cannot be roused.

This bottle was on table, there was no cork in bottle.

Deal with case.

Keep back the crowd... for consciousness ( patient unconscious )

Examme bottle and contents and preserve

General condition of patient. Face-flushed

Slightly raise head...

Lips and mouth ?-(not stained)

Breath.? - (smells somewhat of ammonia )... ?-(Stertorous). body ?-(Raised) 2

Pl:lPlls ?-:-(Unequal). ParalysIs? - (Left side limp)

Case of Apoplexy

Written message to doctor

Examination for injuries. Slight wound on back of head from which blood is ooz ing

Dress wound-Pad and bandage

Undo tight clothing

Exan:ine mouth false teeth- (N one )

Provide for suffiC1ency of fresh air

Give noth ing by the mouth

Remain with patient till doctor arrives

During building operations you a first aider fall from a ladder six feet from the· ground, and alightin'g on your right fra c ture your right clavicle. Your only companIOn IS not a first alder. What will you do?

First aid appliances are at hand.

Instruct your companion to remove your coat

Place pad in armpit

Gently forearm well up, shoulder back...

Support to St. John sling made as follows. Unfolded across chest over injured lio, b, with one end ul11nJured shoulder and pomt beyond elbow on mJured side...

Pass lower end. of bandage under injured"iimb, back, and tie ends somewhat loosely in hollow in front of sound shoulder

Fold point over of injureci"limb it

. one or two pms ... ... ...

Tightly secure injured limb to side by broad passed elbow and trunk, to lever out shoulder, pad formmg fulcrum

N ow tighten the sling

Extra marks

PART II.-TEAM WORK.

No 1. -You are to suppose that you have been attendmg a Brigade function in the country. Before returning home, you take walk to see the surrounding scenery and are approach 109 a I n front of you, about 53 yards away, you observe 5 boy:>, each about 13 years .of age, playing in the road. A motor car passes you, gomg m the direction of the Village. Suddenly you hear a shout and see that the car has stopped and one of the boys is lying in the road. rime of year, June. Weather, fine and warm. Act as you would un.cler such circumstances. Time limit, 25 minutes, when work will be stopped by judges.

June, 19 22

No.2 . ·-You find the boy lying on his back. He is unconSCIOUS. No visible signs of bleeding. The driver of the car, who appears to be very upset, produces a first aid outfit which he you the owner always has in his car, but which he, the driver, does not know how to use.

You can use th e four boys who are looking- on, as you thlOk Any questlOns you may put to them will be answered by the Judge. The motor driver says he is unable to assist· he is too upset by the accident; also, that he cannot use car, as in trying to avoid the boy, he turned into the side of the road and has damaged the steering.

The judge will answer any questions to enable you to diagn ose the case. Leader of team directing other three members what to do and not to crowd around patient 2 Instr ucting boy's companions to stand back Enquiry. How did car strike the patient?

J?nswer. The front mud-guard struck boy on his left Side knocked him clear of car; the wheels did not pass over him.

Examination of patient.

Ilead and face. I f examination effective 4 Judge. There is a swelling on back of head no wound face I,>ale, pupils normal, breathing shallow, pulse good. ' !:'end mg for waler, for cold application to head 2 (Scout absent one minute).

Treatment of insensibility. Ke eping head low, :2 ; turned to one side, 2 Undo tight clothing about ne ck, 4 ch est and waist 6 Ens ure abundance of fresh air... 2

Examination of patient continued. Ch est. If examination efficient, i.e., chest and left side examined 4 Judge. No injury to front of ch est; contusion on left side; no wo und or fracture of ribs.

Sp ine. Judge. No apparent injury to spine

Righ t arm, forearm and hand. Judge. No injury Left arm. Judge. Much swelling 111 region of elbow joint .) teady and support injured limb and examination

If examination IS efficient.

Judge. Fracture of arm involving elbow joint; no wound

AI D.- 20$

Card 3.- Telephone reply. Doctor out; expected back in an hour; will give him message.

(e) Where does boy live? Ans. He lives at other end of villa.ge about quarter -of-a-rnile away. His mother is a cripple and unable to do anything. Probably she she will be in the house alone

Sending two members of team to boy's house to prepare bed, etc.

Treatment of fracture and Making angle splint, 3; applying splint, 2 Uandages? 6; sling, large arm, 2 Cold applIcatIOn to contusion

Enquiry. Is patient still unconscious ? Ans. Yes.

I nstructions to scouts how load stretcher Taking patient home. Instru ctio ns to scouts how to lift stretcher, march, and to exercise care

Attention to patient en route...

Arrival at patient's home.

Enquiry. Is patient still unconscious ? Ans. Yes. 2

Penalty for attempting to give anything by mouth, deduct 5.

After treatment. Arrival of two members of team to prepare room.

Tactful and sympathetic ex planation to mother

Encouraging words 3

Card -J.. -Mother says she fears her son's room will be

By courtelY J Crrphio·.

:'.1r. A. V. Davies, O.B.E., M.B., j udging a team in the Left forearm and hand. Judge. No injuries 2

\.bdome n Judge. No injury... 2

Pelvis Judge. No injury 2

Rig ht thigh, leg and foot. Judge. No injuries 3

Left thigh, leg and foot. Judge. No injuries 3

Enquiry Have you a ::.tretcher ? 2

Ans. Scouts say they have one and will go and get it.

(Sc out absent about three minutes. )

Ask ing one scout only to go 3

If no enquiry is made for stretcher.

Judge One of the scouts says, "You will want a stretcher. I will go and get ours. " (Scout absent three minutes.) (No mar ks.)

Enquiries.

(a) I s there a doctor in village ? Ans. The nearest doctor lives four miles away

(b) Is there cottage hospital or dispensary in or near village? Ans. Not

(c) Can boy fetch doctor? Ans. Yes t but he will have to walk to doctor's house. 2

(d) Can we telephone doctor? Ans. yes.... 3

In telligent written message ... 3 S ent by scout-(Absent three minutes) . 3

It member of team sent to telephone, absent five mmutes. (N o marks.)

3 3

untidy as her help cannot come until evening. She also tells you there is a nurse in village, who she knows was called away to adjacent house early in day, but should be back sOl)n.

Suggested sending messag e to nurse - 3

Vhitten message by scout

Arranging room as per plan.

Position of bedstead, 12 to 18 inches from wall

Position of washstand

Position of tables-two

Position of chairs·-two

Making bed-Piece of canvas,; Mattress, 2

Waterproof drawn tight; tucked under mattress

Under blanket smooth and tucked under mattress

Under sheet smoothly and firmly tucked under mattress -at head, then foot, lastly both sides

The bolster in case close to head of bed

Mackintosh drawsheet from under bolster to patient's knees

Drawsheet, folded lengthwise, rather wider than mackintosh and half as long again; tucked under mattress one side; other end folded smoothly and tucked under mattress on opposite side or pinned with safety pins and roll hanging ,

,. Perrott II Shield Competition.')

-FIRST

Pillow in pillow slip, lower edge projecting beyond bolster

Top sheet, well tucked under mattress at foot of bed, ample at top to turn

Two blankets, brought up a little above edge of pillow . . .

Not doubled over chest

Loosened at foot so that patient can move feet

Foot of upper blanket folded back ror extra warmth

Quilt or .eyerythmg .. .

Method of tuckmg m-posltlOn of hands : palms down, fingers extended, hands pointing to one another, move sideways

Folding and removin g bedclothes before placmg patient in bed

S pare blanket over bottom she et to protect from dirt, patient bein!{ pla ced in bed m clothes

Patient is carried into room on stretcher.

Unload ing and placing in bed by

Enquiry. Is patient stdl unconscIOus? Ans we r. Yes ?

Removing splint and bandages

Placing limb on pillow

Cold applications to injury

Ask ing for and applying hot water bottle s

General smartness

Card No 5.-To be given at this period

The vill a ge nurse has heard of the a CC ident and arr ives at this stage, and you hand over charge to her.

I MPRE SSIO NS O F T HE BRI GA DE FINA L S

It was a wise decision of the authorities to separate the Inter-Railway and Brigade Finals and to allot a special day to each because the spectators were able to pay undivided attedtion to the representative teams of both of ambulance e nthusiasts, whose members constItute the cream of th e Ambulance Movement. Moreover, the Brigade Final this year was because the ladies took their proper place 10 the competitIOn room and sent forward picked teams of ambulance sisters to vie with each other for the possession of the recently awarded and most handsome" Perrott Shield," which was won fairly and squarely by our vivacious sisters from the Irish Free State. Good luck to them!

It was pleasing to enter the Competition Room and to greet once again old friends and co-enthusiasts; but more pleasing still to note that real attempts had been made to stage the stretcher tests of each contest-the Dewar and the Perrott. Remembering the barren appearance of the Inter-Railway aren2., some competitors were palpably puzzled when they found up the re.al thing and discovered that chlO-wag was at a dlscount 10 view of the pres entation of a definite I' picture," and that, under such circumstances, the problem was not "What would you do?" but I; What are you doing?" Perhaps from the railway point of view the staging of the Dewar Team Test present ed some minor faults which might have been avoided by seeking expert advice from a railway man.

However this may be, the Brigade authorities merit not only hearty congratulations but also grateful thanks for doing their bit towards making these contests of value as a means of testing the competitors'skill no less than of teaching competitors and spec t ators some practical lessons.

The space available did not allow examination in public of the Individual Tests-an unfortunate handicap for all concerned and more particularly for those who travel long distances to witness and learn something from these premier contests. Possibly arrangements may be made next year to admit spectators to this part of the competitions, because after all experience proves that in the Individual, by comparison with the Stretcher, Tests, much less space is required for spectators, who could, therefore, be admitted to the smaller room by turns and, if necessary, in limited numbers.

At n. - June, 1922.

Nevertheless, rumour has it that the Individual, like those set for Stretcher, Tests were excellent and called for straightforward treatment. In one instance, however, the question was raised as to whether in the Perrott Competition it was fair or kind to ask a pretty lady to im ag i ne hetselj' as a bricklaye r, who, "during building operations, " faUs and fractures his (her) collar bone! One critic affirm ed that his "observation" taught him that such a workman would at the outset of " operations" have already discarded coat and braces, which would consequently not have required removal later when he (she) met with his (her ) accident!

As for accurate diagnosis we require three thingshistory, signs and symptoms, so for a successful competition we also expect three things-good and well-staged tests, keen and capable competitors, and, last but not least, observant and discriminating judges. These three ess entials were laudably conspicuous in both competitions, and words of praise are due to the doctors as all competitors freely acknowledged, without exception k e pt close watch on the actions of competitors and did answer promptly questions which would in actual emergency elic it facts likely to be discovered by "correct use of t he senses."

In conclusion, the 1922 Brigade Finals were a g ceat success from all poir.ts of view and reflected the utm ost credit on those in charge of arrang ements, who were repa id, we hop=, for th e ir painstaking and patriotic pfforts by the unanimously favourable comments of competitors and sp ectators alike. May the Inter-Railway authorities learn in t he ir t u rn that ambulance contests without staging are like stale bread without butter!

Reviews.

HEALTH IN FEW WORD S

June, 19 22 • -FIRST

The Birth and Early Days of Our Ambulance Trains in France, August, 1914 to April, 1915-

By COL. G. A. MOORE, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.B.

(Continued from page I45.)

By September 20, the seven ambulance trains were running unceasing and doing fine work. however, were arriving as fast as they could be dlspatched E ngland, and our tiny, but by no. means army," as so described by the Kaiser, was growlnl? dally More and more the need for e x tra ambulance trams was indicated. Three more French trains complete were accordingly asked for (these were. given) and 10 addItion efforts were made . to collect at V illeneuve any passenger: carriages one could get to replace the original hea vy goods wagons on trains I, 2 and 3· Nursing sisters were n ow ordered for duty on all our ambulance trains and things were going just splendidly.

AID.-

cars, the best rolling stock in France; again at 8,30 a. m. a similar train drew up . As the accommodation of each of these trains, some 200 cases, was too small relatively to our requirements, and the difficulty of getting a " marche " or order of passage for them over the one thronged line to the front was very considerable, these two trains were joined into one, thirty orderlies were added to its ment and the train left next day for th e front. Thls tram passed through again two days later with a convoy of sick and wounded for No. 4 General Hospital at Versallies. After this tri p its carriages were merged into those of the other trains as being of more value to us in that way.

By DOW the tra:ns were becomin g more and more comfortable and efficient, due largely to the energy and initiative of the train commanders, and presence of our sisters and an ampl e provision of stores and comforts of , all kinds. As the

By

R. H. FIRTH, D.P.H., F .R.C.S John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd., 83 '9 1, Great Titchfiel dstreet, W. I. Price Twopence.

Hygiene for some curious and unknown reason is not as popular with ambulan ce workers as mi ght be expected wh en we remember that its lessons, properly put into practice, are to the personal advantage of First Aiders themselves For this reason we welcome another of Messrs. Bale' s Popular Folde rs. Like the rest of the series, this one on "Health " is written by an expert, and abounds in countless practical lessons and sugg estions; it can be slipped into the wai s tcoat pocket for reading at odd moments; it is elegantly prepared and well printed on good paper; and it costs the pri ce of a postage stamp!

The preliminary contest for the Southern Mia es District (Ambulance League) was held at Sale m Schoolroom, Blaina, on June loth. The judges were D r. S. Hamilton, M.D., Assistant Commissioner, and Dr. L. E. Acomb, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.(Lond.). After an interestin g cont est the result was made known as follows :-Senio r Section-Powell's Tillery A team, 89 marks ; Blaina team , 87 ; Powell ' s Tillery B Team, 87. Junior SectionBlaina team, 69 ; Cwmtillery team, 6r. The winners o f each section will have to meet the winners of the oth er districts comprising the League at the Ambulance H a ll , Dock-street, Newport, on July 29th, for the II Martin Shield" and medals. All the arrangements were made by Divisional Secretary, Mr. John Gibbs.

One's duty as director at this period was to oneself in the POSIt ion of the officer commanding each t rain, and to think out what articles h e might probably be in need of, and by any and ev ery possible means to get these and have them ready to put cn board at a moment's notice on his arrival ; to effect this we at once set to work to form a depot. A large placard, 'Depot des Trains Sanitaires Anglais,".,was po.sted

HE E

days were growing shorter and colder, the question of how to bght and warm our trains became a very pressing one. E x periments were accordingly carri e d out by all t rain commanders and the best form of lamp and stov e decided OD. The stoves wer e obtained from the " Flamme Bleue " Company at Paris, and placed in the corridors and wards with the surrounding woodwork well protected by iron and as bestos. The y warmed our trains very effectively. Difficulties in our train service could never exist long A Board composed of the director and se veral t r a i n commanders attacked each problem as it confronted us, and in this way a solution was usually very quickly forthcomin g Achill ies bind iug up the wounds of Patroc1us. Durin g all this per i 0 d carriages were being colle cted at Villeneuve, with a vie w to forming ar:othe.r train and on Octob e r 3 we had the satlsfactlOn of seeIng No 8ambulance train und er Major B- -start on Its first

R EC ORD OF FI RST A m KNOWN

From a plaque by Euphronius, date 4<;0 B C., at Berlin. alongside the sohtary guard's van which served as my sleep1Og-room, office, and store-room. The station authoriti e s gave five other trucks, moved us to a side line, and after four days' work our depot had assumed respectable dim ensions, we had the joy of feeling that the hard-worked medlcal sisters and Royal Army Medical Corps men on th e could 'count on our supplying all the needs for theIr SIck at any hour day or night.

A welcome surprise carne on 1 when at 6,3 0 a.m. a Red Cross Ambulance Tram SIr S. c.-arrived from Rouen, composed of wagon -ltts and restaurant

trip

The French railway authontles were now ask ed to furnish us immediately with thre e more large restaurant cars Thes e made splendid wards for our badly wounded and lyin g-down cases. Eighteen to could b e accommodated in each, and hundreds of lIves were undoubtedly saved by employment. We these cars their broad w1Odows from whlch w

T

ARLIEST

removed the plate- glass, substituting for them light wooden shutters.

On October 3 our Army began the wonderful quickchange of battle front towards the north. As a result our trains had to be run on a more northerly route, and a new junction through which they must P1SS and at which they could kefp in touch with th ei r dEpot had to be sought for at once. Everything pointed to Rouen as being the most suitable for this.

On October I2, we were able to acquire several commodious luggage vans from the P.L.M. Railway Compar'Y ; these:: made e xcellent wards. They very were welcome as the variom coaches asked for weeks befor e were not forthcoming and our needs grew daily All these vans were fitted with the invaluable" Br ec hot Apparatus" sets, each of which supported three stretcher cases.

We were very proud and happy people when, on October 16, having collected a great many vans and taking Major G-- with us, we left Villeneuve, and that evening pulled up outside Rouen on th e very siding which we had to leave so prEcipitately on August 3 in the "FrancoBritish" train.

On arrival I was informed "the Adjutant-General wants more trains at once'." Accordingly a start was by asking all in authority (or the n ece ssary I was promised such, and meanwhile we started converting the vans of the P.L.M. into comfortable, well lit, and well heated wards and kitchens. Each van was disinfected, painted and floor covered with linole um. Sets of "Brechot Apparatus" were installed. It having b et n explained to the French workmen that our wounded soldiers urgently required these trains, they worked splendidly night and day, even on Sundays and festivals. I shall never forget their devotion in this matter.

Fate was kind to me that day. There arrived to help me in the remodelling, repainting and transformation of the various typ;s of wagons into comfortable wards, an engineer-mechanic- lawyer-doctor-electrician, all in the of Lieutenant P--, R.A.M.C. R epai rs of any description, machinery, electric plant, etc, etc., were child's play to this phenomenon, and I verily believe that if given sufficieht iron and tools he could easily have made an entire railway train himself. In any case his service to our trains and sick and wounded were just invaluable. Later he proved his worth in other spheres, and was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry in action with the Royal Field Artillery.

On October 24, there arrived after many disappointments and cancelling of promi<;es, the necessary number of carriages to c0mplete our No. 9 train. Chiefs of the various services insDccted the "last-joined" train and at I p.m. on October 30, NO.9, with a carrying for 600 patients, left on its maiden trip

About this time the Red Cross and the St. John of Jerusalem Societies were fitting up an ambulance train at Sotte.vill e. The of this train, which was composed of third-class carnages, was the large number of lying-down cases it could carryon its comfortable bed -stretchers the clever invention of Sir J. Furley, the doyen veteran of ambulance train and sick transport in all its branches.

No. 10 train, own sister to No. 9 train (both being largely made up of the vans from Vill e neuve) was now approaching completion, and on November 9 started off for the front.

I now found myself at Boulogne where my duties were to co-ordinate the running of our ambulance service settle complaints, arrange fur repairs, supply of

A I D- June, 1922.

ments of personnel, provision of fresh carriages, and all the requirements for the efficient transport of th e sick, Meanwhile special arrangements, rendered n e cessary by th eir religion and caste, had to be made for the carriage of sick and wounded Indian troops. A kn:>wledge of their language and customs made this a relative ly easy matter.

(To be concluded).

Comments on the Stretcher Test of the Final Railway Competition.

By A. S. LAKIN, M.B.

Taken as a whole, the stre tcher t e.st was very we ll done by all the competing teams; the sturn bling bloc k seemed to be the injury to th e hip, but if page 63 in th e textbook is carefully re ad in conjunction with No.8 of General Rules, there should be no difficulty. If doub t should still exist, the patients could h el p by r e peating thei r instructions.

My criticisms are inte nded to help, and not m e rely to find fault.

I. The patient is and must be the first and only consideration until the effe cts of the injury are mastered.

The judge and marking sheets should be forgotten, as they will be quite all right if the work is done correctly ) and even if you should manage to get a P=fP at the sheet , it will not help you, because you could not understand it, and it might worry you, thereby interfering with the proper discharge of your real duties.

2. Treat the injury as well as you possibly can, mak e safeguards against any after-effects, you may anticipate, an d get your patient away to hospital or medical man as soo n as possible.

Page 84, rule 6, is very important. It is not a bit of use for seVeral mem bers of the team the handle the wound dressings, and then one member to sm ea r his hands with iodinf", and inform the judge "Avoid contaminating th e wound." The methods of handling wounds and dressing s should certainly be improved and practised.

Page, 85, principle 7 says in effect, "Cover wound s promptly." You cannot expt!ct to score marks for this, if you shout" Cover wounds promptly" seven minutes aft er the injury has been diagnosed, and afcer three members of the team have mauled it about with dirty hands. Promptly means" at once," and a temporary cover plac ed over the wound while the dressings are being prfpar e d, and after bleeding is under control, shows at onc e that the job is properly understood.

3· Keep cool and do not get cross if you cannot have all your own way.

One point that annoyed som e of the was the refusal of the people in a neighbouring house to allow the team to take the patient into th e ir house. It is not always convenient (ask your wives and mothers), and th e people at this house were quite good, they allowed m e mbers of th .-; team to borrow blankets, rugs, drinking utensils, hot water bottles, etc., "and in not a singl e case were any thanks 5iven or the articles returned," and there was sickness in the .house and only those two boys to do anything. (We deCided that before the test commence.) This may seem a little point, but it deserves consideration, as a First Aider should be sympathetic and courteous (tactful).

4. Know what you want, for what purpose you want it, and do not bring everything you see, just because it is

June, 19 22 - FIRST there. I had placed some articles in the house that were not the slightest use to the patient, and the majority of the teams brought them out, and left them out.

5. Loading a motor lorry can be done in two ways;-

(a) As loading an ambulance.

(b) As lifting into bed.

Practical First Aid railway men assure me that the second is the better method, and I agree.

I thoroughly enjoyed the competiLion and the work of the competing te ams; they were all jolly good, and it speaks volumes for the qualities of the Flrst Aiders attached to the Railway Companies.

Personally lowe a great many thanks to Mr. Edwards and Mr. Monteith for the manner in which they met my many wishes; to the stewards for the way they did everything they could to make my j0b an easy one, and to my assistants, the two scouts, who did their part so well, and responded so intelligently to the nods and winks of the judge.

It may be of interest to the competitors to know that the test was based on an actual case that occurred in my practice, and that their First Aid was a great deal better than the First Aid rendered in the real case, and that the care shown with regard to the p )ssibilil y of a fracture of the vault of the skull showed very great for e thought, since the real one had a crack extending backwards for 7 inches, and practically no symptoms. I was delighted with the manner in which they tackled their job, but really competitions are a necessary evil, and only serve as a practice for the real thing, which is the only thing that matters.

3lractical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to /rood and bad i;oints in Treatment-for inclusion in tlds Column.

A LUCKY ESC APE.

While driving a motor through a country district, a lady had an. extremely lucky escape from death. She was crossing a rail way line when her car was caught by a passing express train and practically cut into two portions. The lady, however, was thrown into the air clear of the train, and, though she sustained simple fractures of both forearms, and suffered from a marked degree of shock, was otherwise uninjured.

Being without appliances, we treated the fractures with splints improvised from newspapers which we fixed in posit!on with strands of rope, and completed our treatment by placmg patient, recumbent and well wrapped up, in a .passing cart, in which we removed her to the cottage hospital some three miles distant.

M.R., Cannon-street.

UN USUAL CAUSE OF SUFFOCATION.

A mother went with a party of friends for a charabanc ride one summer evening and unfortunately took her baby, aged six weeks, along with her. a few miles. the increased his speed to twenty miles per hour, and Immediatel y afterwards the infant was taken suddenly ill and ct:ased to breathe. Attempts were made without avail to restore breathing by combination of and Silvester and the child died before medical assistance could be ohtamed.

At the inquest later a doctor death .due to suffocation caused by the rush of air whIle travellmg In a fast.moving charabanc, and on the of taking an infant on such a Journey, esp.eclally.at evenmg time, with its consequent dangers of chtll followed by pneumonia, and possibly perma.nent mJury to bram as th e sequel to unusual jolting and shaking of the charabanc, as It travelled along the road.

L. R., Charlton Park.

and J\nswet's to eOt't'espondents.

will be dealt witk under tke lollowing rules:-

r .-Letters containinl, Queries must be marked on the top lelt kana corner 01 the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

:1. -A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut /rotl tke current issue 01 the lournat, or in case 01 Queries Irom abroat from a recent issue.

':I. - Tke Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columnJ is Ihe 36th (I920) Edition of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid. OF FRACTURED

F. W. (R eading ).-At a recent Brigade Practice difference of opinion arose concerning treatment of Simple Fracture of Thumb. Please advise as to the correct St. John method of treatment

Treat as for Crushed Hand (Textbook, p. 61), keeping hand on padded splint and thumb in close apposition to rest of hand. By this means the possibilities of" aggravation of inj'lry" are practically nil.-N. COR BET FLETCHER.

RE-ACTION OF PUPILS.

S. B. (Stra tford ).·-I am an engine-driver and I am puzzl ed to know why, when passing through a tunnel, I sometimes (no t always ) experience difficulty in reading my luminous watch. Please be good enou gh to explain this mystery, even if the query be beyond th e scope of First-Aid. With pleasure and more especially as a knowledge of the functions of the pupils is 7lot "beyond the scope of First-Aid." The cause is to be found in the reaction of the pupils 'w/lidl regztlah the amount of liE;ht admitted into the eyes and consequently contract in a bright light and dilate in the Further, the reaction is comparatively slO'lu, because the (b eing under control of a local and central take time to accommodate themselves to altermg conditIOns of light and darkness. _

In view of this you can now understand that your difficulty in reading a luminous watch is sure to be g:eater pupils being contracted, you first pass from brtght sunlt gh t mto the darkness of a tunnel. For a similar reason when you first enter a darkened cinema your sight seems to fail and you often stagger and stumble in irresponsible fashion. Within a few minutes however YOll recover full "ision and can observe With interest '(and pos;ibly with amusement) the film no less than the actions of some of your neighbours! !-N.C.F.

IM PROVISATION OF STRETCHERS.

S. (Wakefield ).-At a recent competition a ju?ge (110t a medical man) was asked to test three teams tn methods of improvising a stretcher. The first team used two scout staves and a rubber ground sheet, lacing through the eyelets a strong cord; the second team used two scout staves and two short coats; and the third team cam e to the field with two newly made poles (two inches thick ), a specially-prepared canvas (stout calico ) whi.ch had been machine-stitched at ends and along each Side to admit insertion of poles, and two pieces of wood measured and planed for traverses.

The judge awarded first (and.full marks) to the last team and said that their ImprOVised stretcher was the best aaoullt of the work put into the making of it.! Please tell us if you consid er the a just one and If by mry stretclt oj imaginatioJl the third can b e considered as '" improvised." I am not p.lttlng my experience and opinions against those of the Judge; but I feel

210

-FIRST

that the injustice of this decision m.ight some teams from continuing the ir efforts to attaIn efficien cy.

I agree that I cannot" stret ch " my imagination to recognise the' a ppro ved "stret cher " as illlprovised, lbecause the word "improvised" means anything "prepared on a ?r "done without preparat ion. " Therefore, your contentIOn IS upheld' and the decision of your judge was wron g and contrary facts. For myself I l ik e best the improvisation of your first team.-N.C.F.

T REATMENT OF BURNS

M.D. (London ) :-While I agree that your deduction as to a tJu'rd dress ing suitable fo r Burns is based on the Textbook and fully justified, yet I doubt if First-Aiders can safely be allowed to adopt the same lines of argument.

Here we disagree ! P ersonall y I am of opin ion that First Aiders are justified in exer ci sin g their" Q ualifications " in their reading of the Textbook, providing that any deductions made are not contrary to General Pr inciples. Further, you and I, as lecturers with expert knowled g e, have it in our power to correct any false conclusions.-N.C.F.

A SPHYXIA AND COUGHING OF BLOOD.

J. B. (Shefield ).-In a recent competition we had to treat a pat ient who was supposed to have been knocked down and trampled upon during a pa n ic rush of the audience from a ci nema theatre. We were told that patient had been carried out un conscious and coughin g up blood ; and that he had a compound, complicated fracture of left thigh.

We treated pat ient for the latter inj ury and also for complicated fracture of r ibs with internal h::e morrhage. Subsequently we found that marks were allotted for artificial respiration by Laborde's method. Now, Sir, I ask if a patient, who coughs up blood, is in need of artificial respiration, be ca use I, as team-capta in, presumed that, if the patient c ould cough up blood, he must also be able to breathe

Your presumption is correct. I suspe ct, however, that you lost your marks because you did not keep close and constant observat ion on your patient who pro b ably ceased to breathe just after he coughed up the blood.-N.C.F.

TR EAT:'.1ENT OF ABDOMINAL WOUND.

C. B. (N ottingham ).- In a recent competition the patient was supposed to be unconscious and suffering from collapse due to penetrating wound of abdomen with bowel protruding. For treatment of injury we raised pat ient s knees, applied hot fomentations every two or three minutes ; and for the Collapse we kept patient's head and shoulders low and took steps to keep him thoroughly warm. We were, however, heav ily penalised for not raising shoulders as instructed on p. II8. We would welcome your comments.

I consider the penalty was truly and justly earned, partly because you ignored the Textbook instructions and partly by lowering head and shoulders you failed to relax the abdommal muscles and so ran tl'te risk of increasing the Collapse already present by further constriction of protruding bowl. In so doing, you forgot that First Aid seeks to "remove cause of z'njury or dan,ger w.henever possible " (p. 25 ), and that "the cause may be still active" (p. 20)

I would have allowed you to ignore the foolish 01 to renew fomentation "every two or three mmutes, because a fomentatIOn, properly applied, should keep part warm for two or three hours at least, and because the exposure of wound necessary for would

AI D.- June, 1922.

aggravate shock, while it delayed removal of patient to home or hospital.-N.C.F.

\V. J. ( Handsworth ).-N o two examinations can be taken in the same year, although you can take your voucher in December, 192 1 and your Medallion examination in January, 19 22

fetters to the t;ditot'.

We are in no way res/flnsible /01" tfle opinions expressed, or the statements made. b, Conespondcnts.-EDITOR, ETC.

AMB U LAN C E SISTERS UNIFORM.

DEAR SIR,

In your issue of April there appeared a letter under the he adi n g ., Ambulance Sisters Uniform."

It is not di ffic ult to bel ieve, I am sorr y to say, that a woman could and did write that letter She does not seem to realise that the letter to which she replied was evidently mea nt k indly. The word " Sister II appeals to a man, and those uf us who know what a wealth of meaning was bound up in th at word during the dark d ay s of war can readily for gi ve and quite overlook the te c hn ica l error. W hat proof is there that the writer gave "advice II as such? What has been taken as " ad vice " I should consider " opinion" or ., remarks 'I offered in the spirit of real kindly interest. I should like to remi nd the writer that En gla nd is st ill supposed to be a free country, a nd I fail to see that it is our business to criticise anyone s conversation even when carried on while waiting" on the occasio n of the R oyal Wedd in g." If the badge is a "confirmation ," then the badge is " it." I know Brigade Divisions that are not V.A.D.' s who have not worn anything but coats an d bonnets (or hats ) and-black coa ts, not grey. I f the writer h as "no wis h to discuss the matter" with "A man in the stree t," why does she do so ? P ersonally , I agree with him. Cloa ks are "the limit" for pract ical work. I t is no wonder th at Divisions refuse to wear them. It may be of interest to th e g eneral public to know that S.J.A.B. nurses have to provide their own uniform, and it may be 10 the case und er notice that the unfortunate wearers of cloaks are unable to equip themselves with coats on the ground of expense.

Personally, I thank" A man in the street " and his appreciation. The fact that he did not" affix: hiS name to his letter" is no proof of want of" courage " on hiS part. I a m not affixing mine, not because I have not" courage," bu t, b ecause, in the first place, I will not indulge in "splitt i.ng straws " and, in the second, as a public woman, I do not Wis h to be mixed up with such a spirit as that evinced, in the reply of our lady correspondent. Such a spirit is beneath contemp t and far removed from the spirit of St. John.

DUM VIVIMUS VIVAMUS.

WORSBRO' AND DISTRICT DIVISION.

WM. GITTUS CHALLENGE CUP, value £60, an d valuable pri zes for first three teams. Saturday, Jul y 29 th , 192 2 at 2 p.m.-Apply, JOHN W. S M ITH, 130, High -street, Worsbro' Dale.

A BERTILLERY AMBULANCE BRIGADE ING COMMITTEE.-Stop Watch CompetitIOn result: Watch stopped 2 hrs. 12 mins. 2 secs. Winner, R. Anderton, Padiham Division.

A RMY Stretchers, with Slings, is dozen, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

OFFICER'S Uniform, S.J.A.B., for Sale; almost new ; reasonable offer.-Carley, 93, Lausaune-road, Peckham , S.E.IS·

June, 19 22 -FIRST

A Short History of Th e ORDER OF ST. JOHN of Jerusalem.

A record of 1000 years of unselfish heroism, or faith crowned with victory, of vivid historical pageantry, from 1014 \0 1919.

From Godfrey de Bouill on to Lord Allenby.

Ordinary forms of Iodine are too irritating to use in many of the cases w?ere, otherwise, iodine would. be the Ideal treatment, because ?f Its antiseptic, healing properties. Iodex IS non-untatll:g, non-staining iodine of marked power. It is bland, and healing. It is therefore Ideal 10 wounds, burns, scalds, tears, abraSIOns, bruises, inflamed feet, etc. Of all

IChemists at 2/- per pot. Menley and J ames, Ltd., 64, Hatton Garden, London, E. C. 1.

The whole undying story of this wonderful organisation that has survived all the changes and chances of wars, revolutions, and apathy, will be found in this concise little volume

A Book of Absorbing Interest.

Here are names to conjure with-Raymond ot Tripoli, ecel'" de Lion, Saladin, Don J obn the Victor of Lepanto, La Valette.

The whole Romance of the 8=pointed Star.

By E. M. TENISON.

With frontispiece of a Knigh.t of the and a Portrait of H. R. H The Pnnce of Y\ ales ill the Robe of the Order. Paper, 3s. 6d. net. Pos tage 4d. Also Cloth, 5s net, and an in Lleathe r, 65 copies only, each Signed and <;1 numbered by the Author, lOs. 6d net.

The Society of 55. Peter and Paul (Ltd.), 3 2 , George St., Hanover Sq., London, W.I.

Ju st Published.

Home Office Pattern. STERILIZED DRESSINCS.

Are ideal dressings for factories and workshops.

For Prices of Dressings and Ca binets apply to THE ASEPTO BANDAGE CO., 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member or S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such. (T. B.)

S ial terms Dow-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B.,

FIRST-AID X-RAY ATLAS OF THE ARTERIES

By H. C. ORRIN. O.B.E Examiner ill First-.d id.

This is the only Atlas of its kind. It is pocket si ze consists of 20 F igures and Plate, of the Arterial System, WIth Pressure Points ind icat ed. Price 2/6 net (postage 2d.)

Atlas of First Aid.

By BERNARD MYERS, M.D. late Lecturer St. John Amb. Ass. Pocket si ze , with 12 double-page coloured Plates, conta ining 42 Figures, with Text. Price 1/ 6 net. (postage 3d.).

Questions and Answers on Ambulance

B J MARTIN M.D. Hevi5ed by LEO NARD S. BARNES, y 1 S J h A b Ass Official Lecturer and E xammer to t.he t. 0 n m. Eighteen th Ed ition. Pp. viii+ 12S. P n ce 1/ 6 net (postage 2d.).

Questions and Answers on Home Nursing

By J. MARTI! :.\I.D. b LEON A R D S. BAR NES Sixth EdItIon ReVIsed Y '\. d Pp. viii + 167. Price 2 / - net (postage 2 .).

memory of the student P.\LE, CP., Ltd., 46, Ca".,oD St., LUNPON,

BAILLIERE, TINDALL & COX, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.2.

Leather, 5/3 net, post tree.

TO THE UiJURED & SICK· •

An Advanced Am bulance Handbook, By F. J. Warwick, B.A.,M.B. & A. C. Tunstall, M.D., F.R.C.S., 'On e of the most conci se works on the subiect publi shed at a p opula r pri ce "-First Aidjo1trnal

Also "FIRST AID" WALL DIAGRAMS, On Strong Sheets, size 2

Complete

JOHN

MANUALS OF

F I RST-AID, &C.,

By N CORE'ET FLETCHE R M B., B.C., B.A.(Can tab), M.R.C,S,

AI DS T O F I R S T-AID.

Fifth Edit on. Post free, IS. Plrst ·Ald Slmpl tfle d a nd Tabul ated, with Aids to Memory.

Col. Sir la mes an introduction and endorse his gooa opinion 0/ the book. "-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOM E- NU RSING. Second Edition. Price 9 d •• post free.

Home·Nurslug Simplified aud Tabulated with Aids to Memory.

" This book 7JJnndeifuily simplifies a complex subject and should be read bll ali students."-L. & N. W Rv. GAZETTE, WHY AND WHER E FOR E IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Price IS post free, Difficulties In Study and Treatme n solved by Question and Answer.

"We commend this book to Lecturers and Students who will find it 0/ great "-FIRST AID.

E FFICIE N CY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, u 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment and Examination solved tor Senior Stud ent s.

II doubt the book will be 0/ ser7Jice in the training 0/ illOse /0' whom it is desi,gned."-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

HINTS FOR H OS PITAL ORDERLIES. Post free, 9d. Ord erly Duties Simplified aud Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory. A most compact brochure which contains much useful in/ormation .'PRESCRIBER.

HEALTH IN A FEW WORDS. By R., H FIRTH, D.P.H., F.R C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

By J. M. CARVELL, M.R.C.S.Eog. AN INDEX OF IFIRST-AID. Feap. 8vo. Post free, IS. 8d. FIRST AID N FEW WORDS. (60th thousand). With Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. Paper, 2d. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (16th thousand) 14 pp. Paper, 2d.

By HOWARD M. PRBSTON. the PolytechnIC.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE:

Its Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and rr6 Diagrams. 1I6 Illus. Price, I S. net; postage 2d. THE ROLLER BANDAGE. Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, I S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thirteen (I to 12 and J4) on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. ne t No 13 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organ s , IS. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Student s of Anatomy, Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2S. net; postage, 4d. THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING. By THEKLA BOWSER. Illustrated. Post free, IS. 3d. POCKET FIRST AID SERIES. THIRD EDITION.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B .• C.M.G" C.I.E., D.8.0" M. D. (I) Poisoning, (2) Hremorrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Sus · pended Breathing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6)Wo unds, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series con Tains all the eEsentials of First Aid. Printed on linen·lin ed cards, 3i" x 6d. nett each; postage 2d. extra.

H A NDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL O. BARDSWELL, M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d.

THE BI R TH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULAN C E TRA I NS I N FRANCE-AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915 By "WAGON-LIT." pos free.

JOHN BALE, SONS a. DANIEL8S0N, Ltd 8 8-91. Gpeat Tttcbfleld Stpeet. London. W.1. J AB

Rank

all wool grey serge, to cle ar, at 37s. 6d., cannot repeat.-Thornton & Co., tailors, Brighou se.

"FIRST AID"

QUE RY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries JUNE, 1922.

-

and the John Ambulance Oazette.

No 813. Vol. XXVII. JULY, 7920. PRICE THREEPENCE.

POCKET " FIRST AI·D " CASE.

Thll case has been specially designed for portability and neatness. It measures 41" x 31" x Ii", and ku all edges and corners rounded being stamped out of tin, it is light and strong. The outside of the lld Is of attractive appearance, having a background of dark green relieved with red and white. Instructions are printed inside the lid how to act in cases of emergency. The contents, which have been carefully selected, are as follows :-BANDAGES, in., zin., and 3 in.; BORIC LINT; SAI'ETY PINS; COURT PLASTER, Perforated; RUBBER PLASTER; CARBOLISKD

fop Ambulance Catalogue, 70 pages.

EW -POLD III STRETCHER. Army Pattern reduced ,to .8Ib5. weight.

WHITE AND RIGHT, ""tla .ospltal Faraltar. ..nal.Qtllfafl, Renshaw Street, LIVERPOOL Teleg-rams : .. Surgloal, LIVERPOOL."

By • ApPOINTMENT.

SAFE, EFFECTIVE, CHEAP. KEEP A BOTTLE HANDY.

IZAL lor Medical and Surgtcai use, in bottles of 4'01., 8·oz. Winchester quart•. IZAL DISINFECTANT for all ordinary eurposes I In 400• In bottles IS. and . .8. 6d. each• lZAL LOZENGES .very valuable for the throat. In boxes I •• Jd. each•

IZAL TOoTH POWDER, and .s. boxes

IZAL SOAPs. Medical, 'l'oUet, Almond Scented. Bar and Soft Soa.ps. N'Q better Soaps In the market

5eacl lor free copy of II Izal Rules of Healtla" to SHBFFIIBLD, "" w.e.

"FIRST AID" I

If you are organISIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success ' by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 20in.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet YOllr

IW

WHITE

AND

·WRIGHT,

'fillUa lIospltal furniture .Manufadurers,

REYNOLDS & BRANSON, Ltd., Ambulanoe Expert_, LEEDS.

fol' Ambulance Catalogue. 70 pages.

Army Pattern reduced to 181bs. weight.

POLD III STRETCHER.

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure it s success by advertising it we ll -- in your district. The Doubl e Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin. ) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. Th e blank spaces provided can b e printed by your l?cal printe r to meet your requIrements.

reduced to 181bs. weight. WHITE AND WRIGHT, , tli a.spltal furaltul. ••aulacturen I 93, Renshaw Street, LIVERPOOL. : "Surgloal, LIVERPOOL."

Bv • ApPOINTMENT SAFE. EFFECTIVE, CHEAP. KEEP A BOTTLE HANDY

IZAL for Medical and Surgical use, In bottles of 4-OZ., 8-oz. doDd Wlnchf'lIter floartl. IZI\L DISINFF(,TANT (or all ordinary dilate I In 400. In (S and 18. 6d. each.

(ZAL LOZENGES verv valuable for the throat. In bollel ••• 3d. each.

(ZAL TOOTH POWDER, 6d. and fl. boxes IZAL SOAPS, Medical, ToUet, Atmond Scented, Bar and Soft No() better !!! Soaps In the. market

Ideal Disinfectant Send for free copy of Iza. Rule. of Health" to CHAMBBRS a Co •• Thomc:llfle, SHBFFl£tO,

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet your requirements.

hilmes, Cl'c., will "1 f",.warded on a!plication.

REYNOLDS & BRANSON, Ltd., Ambulanoe Rx.,ert., LEEDS. Wplte f6 Ambulance Catalogue, 70 pages.

lEW POLD III STRETCHER• . Army Pattern reduced to J 8 Ibs. weia-ht.

WHITE· AND WRIGHT,

",.,tlc aaspltal furnlture .aoofactllrers, . 93, R·enshaW i, t, LIVERPOOL.

I TROPHIES

, 77 l. _ • suitable for It FIRST AID" AMBULANCE CORPS 'AND SOCIETIES. SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77-Bronze, 3/-; Silver, 4/6; Silver, Gold Centre, 6/9. Original Desi'gns and Quotattons post free. Wholesale to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIES. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government, &c. London Showroom---"HOLBORN VIADUCT, E.C. Telephone-840 CltV.

DRUMS. BUCLESa FLUTES.

REPAIRS executed on the MUSIC published for premises in a few hours when urgently required.

HIADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a couple of bours, or send flesh hoop on bY]lost and it will be returned with new head same day.

EXCEPTIONAL

Drum, Flute and Bugles. 'Write for List.

H. POTTER & CO., 36-38, TVEST STREET, CROSS . LONDON. -

ESTABLISHED IBIr.-

OPPORTUNITIES

ARE OFFERED BY THE {SANITARY TRAINING COLLEGE, High Holborn, Londo'n, W.C.1., T o all who aspire to become Sanitary, Factory,Food, Weights and Measures Inspectors, Health Visitors, Maternity and Child Welfare Workers, Dispensers, Reliev ng Officers, Private Secretaries, Bank, I nsurance, Labour Exchange Clerkships and other official appointments. Most successful personal and postal preparation obtainable. For illustrated guid,e, write the Secretary. Special courses are given on Home

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, CompetitioL Fete, ensure it s success j advertising it we ll in your district. The Crown Poster (30In. by 2oIn. ) shown here is j t the very thing for the ' The blank spaces provided can be printed by ,your printe rto meefyour Price - 8s. 6d. doz .

- "ESTABLISHED IBn.-

"Indispensable to your First Aid Outfit."

This statemen.t is verified It has a soothing effect, it by the opinions of numerous stops bleeding, prevents medical men, many of and arrests inflammation whom have proved the remarkable powers of this and blood poisoning, and • antiseptic and pure drug- heals rapidily, leaving IGLODINE. neither scar nor scab. Non-lJo;sonous and non-corros;ve!l Iglodine has a muliplt;city of health giving uses.

Obtainable

"Indispensable to your First Aid Outfit."

This statement is verified It has a soothing effect, it by the opinions of numerous stops bleeding, prevents medical men, many of and arrests inflammation whom have proved the markable powers of this and blood poisoning, and antiseptic and pure drug- heals rapidily, leaving IGLODINE. neither scar nor scab.

Non-poisonous and non-corrosive§ Iglodine has a ",uliplticity or health giving uses.

Obtainable from leating But if any difficulty, write the IGLODNIE CO., Ltd., Dept. Y, NEWCASTLE-ON.TYNE. for booklet and name of nearest chemist stocking 19lodin!,!.

DRUMS. BUGLES. FLUTES.

REPAIRS executed on the MUSIC published for premises in a few hours when urgently required.

HEADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a couple of bours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head same day.

Drum, Flute and Bugles. Write for List. -

H. POTTER &CO., 36-38, WEST STREET, CHARING CROSS RQAD, LONDON.

-

ESTABLISHED I8II.FIRST

HygIene, and PhYSIology For real help and sound the College. stands unique. Established 1885. A umque course of Memory Training is presented to each student free of cost. '

Firrst Hid Gabinet.

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. . The b1c:t nk spaces provided can be prInted by your local printer to meet your requirements.

- 8s. 6d. doz.

6d.

AID" , 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4.

cars, a,,uulanees, MmIIS, c,.e., will 64 I.rwanled on a!}/ication.

REYNOLDS & BRANSON, Ltd.,

A bulano. Exporta, LEEDS. Wplte fop Ambulance Catalogue. 70 pages.

NEW POLU 118 STRETGHER. Army Pattern reduced to 181bs. weight.

WHITE AND WRIGHT,

A'tltla Bospltal f.urnltutl MIDofactBrers, .s, Renshaw Street, LIVERPOOL.

Teleg-rams

bleeding, prevents medical men, many of and arrests inflammation whom have proved the re· markable powers of this and blood poisoning, and antiseptic and pure drug- heals rapidily, leaving

Telegrams: U Surgloal, LIVERPOOL."

By • ApPOINTMENT.

Invaluable fop all ACHES, SPRAINS, STIFfNESS, RHEUMATISM LUMBAGO.

The Athletes Best Friend. Of all Chemists and THE "SAN ITAS" Co., Ltd., Limehouse, London, E. 14.

Uniforms & Equipment

.. BEST AND OHEAPEST HOUS.E IN THE TRADE •.

Latest Pattern

model, as supplied to the Police Fire Departments and First Aid Corps throughout the worlcl'.

Write for Descriptive Catalogue of MODERN AMBULANCES, post free.

THE IDEAL BANDAGE I' FOR FIRST

ASEPTO BANDAGES have proved their efficiency, they have been used by the Cros-s in all theatres of War, and are found in the ambulance stations and first aid cases of some of the largest industrial firms in the country.

Telephone: EAST 204. (P.B. Exchange).

AMBULANCE AND "FIRST AIO" APPLIANCES.

HOME OFFICE REQUIREMENTS.

SOUTHALL BROS. & BARCLAY \ (Limited), Manufacturers of Surgical Dressings, &c., Charfo.rd Mills, BI8MINGHAIIII.

Drinking Fountains a Speciality. .r

Ambulance men only need to try them to be convinced of their merits. They can be applied to a wound in a few seconds and do not require pins, plaster or scissors. Made In five different sizes.

FULL PARTICULARS FROM THE ASEPTO BANDAGE CO., 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4. .

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE.

President: H.R.H. THE PRIN CE SS C HRISTIAN, Classes for Sprin g Term. Tuberculosis. Tropical Hygiene. First Aid. Home Dispensing. Hygiene. Home Nursing. Tropical Ailments. Camp Sanitation. Child Welfare. Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl (Juides. Applied Anatomy and Physiology . - The College offers every facility for instruction in Ambulance Work in its widest interpretation. The fees are modera te and I Members and Fellows have the use of Anatomical and Pat h o· logical Museums, Bandaging Rooms, Ward, Library and Vriting Room. Annual Subscnptions: Members £1 IS., Fellows £ 2 2S. Write for Pmspectus to the MANAGIN G SECRETARY, 56, Queen Anne Stre.et, W.J. 'Phone: Mayfair 4652.

DRUMS. BUGLES. FLUT£8.

REPAIRS executed on the MUSIC publIshed for premises in a few hours Drum, Fillte and Bugles. when urgently required. Write for List.

HEADS relapped on own flesh hoops in a couple of hours, or send flesh hoop on by post and it will be returned with new head day. -.

H. POTTER &CO., 36-38, fVEST CHARING CROSS RQAD, LONDON. - ESTABLISHED IBIJ.-

Fipst Hid Ga 'binet. ,

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it wellin your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by zoin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet your requirements.

s,k__ ls, Mnus, &-te., tllrwaYtua on a/plication.

REYNOLDS & Ambulano. I!xpart., LEEDS. Ltd., Wpite fop Ambulance Catalogue, 70 pages.

NEW FOLDING STRETCHER. WHITE AND WRIGHT,

, • .,UG lIospltal furniture Manufactllrers, 93, Renshaw Street,

Army Pattern reduced to 181b5. weight.

Telegrams: LIVERPOOL. USurgloal, LIVERPOOL"

_ By • ApPOINTMENT.

SAFE, EFFECTIVE, CHEAP. • KEEP A BOTTLE HANDY

IZAL for Medical and Surgical use, in bottles of 4·0Z., 8-oz. iUld Winchester qnart•. It. t IZAL blSINFECTANT (or all ordinary purposes dilute in 400. In bottles IS. and J IS. 6d. each.

IZAL LOZENGES verY valuable for the throat. In boxes 15. 3 d • each.

•• : j IZAL TOOTH POWDER, 6d. and IS. bO'Xes ; IZAL SOAPS, Medical, Tgi1et, Almond Scented, Bar, and Soh Soaps. ND better Soaps in the market

fhe- ldeal-,-Di5 inl ectant- Sen-d-t-or-t-re-e-co-p-y-o-t-"-lz-al-R-u1-e-s-ot-H-e-aJ-th-" to

NEWTON. CHAMBBRS I Co., Ltd., Thomcliffe, SHEFFLELD, )31. W.c.

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by zoin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet your requi·rements.

e

rta, LEEDS. Wplte fop Ambulance Catalogue, 70 pages.

NEW FOLDING STRETCHER. Army Pattern reduced to 18Ibot•. weight.

WHITE AND WRIGHT.

,.lttlG Blspltal fur.ltull .anDtaatRrers , 85, Renshaw Street, LIVERPOOL.

By • ApPOINTMENT.

Telegrams: U Surgloal, LIVERPOOL."

SAFE, EFFECTIVE, CHEAP. KEEP A BOTTLE HANDY

IZAL for Medical and Surgical use, in bottles of 4-OZ., 8-oz. and Winchester quart•. IZAL DISINFECTANT for all ordinary pnrposes dilnte I tn 400. In bottles IS and 18. 6d. each.

lZAL LOZENGES verv valuable for the throat. In boxes 18. 3d. each.

, IZAL TOOTH POWDER, 6d. and IS. bO'Xes

lZAL SOAPS, Medical, Tollet, Almond Scented, Bar; and Solt Soaps, N-o betteJ Soaps in the market

, Send for free copy of ulzal Rules of HeaJth" to NBWTON. CHAMBBRS I CO., LONDON ADDJtBSS ,)31. Qray'. IDD Road, W.".

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet your requirements.

."'.14/4,"IS, sCM'is, "'HUS, a,.c" fdl16, IlIrvJJ4t'tkd Dn a?plicatiDn, REYNOLDS & BRANSON, Ltd., Ambulanoe _XII.rta, LEEDS. Write for Ambula.nce Catalogue, 70 pages.

NEW Fe'LOINI STRETCHER. Army Pattern reduced to (Sib".

iWHITE AND

WRIG '

HT, , ... tlo Hospital Furniture /' .anulactBrer.,

Firrst Hid Gabinet.

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive CompetItIon or Fete, ensure its it well In your dIstrICt. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The b1c:t nk spaces provided can be prInted by your local printer to meet your requirements.

- 8s. 6d. doz. Fpom Postage 6d. "FIRST AID,"

Cannon St., London, E.C.4. ....................................................

NEW FOLDING STRETCHER. WHITE AND.' WRIGHT,

If you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist . Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet your requirements.

Fittst Aid Gabi ,net.

If ' you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising It well in your district. The Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided ca.n be printed by your l?cal prInter to meet your requIrements.

ffe I', 35 /- each, complete, RECULATION .STRETCHERS with Pillows and Slings (Surplus Stock),

We have a numbar for disposal at the above price, and early application is Fequested. Capriage extra. ,

Lirrlited, Ambulance

If . you are organising a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition or Fete, ensure its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Crown Poster (30in. by 2oin.) shown here is just the very thing for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your · local printer to meet your requirements ..

U Surg!oal, LIVERPOOL."

By ApPOIl';TMRNT.

SAPE" EFFECTIVE, CHEAP. KEEP A BOTtLE HANDY

IZAL tor MedIcal ;md Surgical in bettles of 4<02:., 8-{n, I!Jld Wlnr:bester

IZAL DISINFECTANT for all ordinary purposes dilnte I In 400 In bottles (5. and g."" tid. each.

IZAL LOZENGES very valuable for the throat. In boxes u. 3d. ear-h.

IZAL ';rOOTH POWDER, 6d. and I S. boxes

IZAL SOAPS. Medlcal, Tollet, Almond Scented, Bar and Soft Soaps, No better' Sop.ps in the market

Send for free copy of bal Rules of"HeaJth" to HEFFIELD LONDON S , UI, Orll7'. laD Road,

Ambulance Secretaries.

If - you are organIsIng a Concert, Whist Drive, Competition 9r Fete, ensure. its success by advertising it well in your district. The Double Cro\vn Poster (30in. by 2oin.) sho\vn here is just the very thing' for the purpose. The blank spaces provided can be printed by your local printer to meet yqur.,