First Aid Journal July 1936-June 1938

A

AMBliLANCE KEWS CUTTINGS FROM THE PRESS:-

Ball Kills Batsman, 214.

Bird's Body Causes Boy's Death, SO.

Dangers of Hot Water Bottles, 214.

Dog's Bark Sa\'es :Master, 158.

Fatal Wasp Sting, 71.

Girl's Fire Ordeal, SO.

Horse Kills 1Iotorist, 214.

Lucky \iVhen Unlucky, 17.

Mistook Iodine for Whisky, 17.

Rare Cause of Fracture, 17. Rat Causes l1an's Death, 50.

Risked Life on Live Rail, 17.

Saved by Artificial Respiration 71.

Trapped in River Under Tricycle, 158.

Trapped Man Escapes from Freezer, 158.

Anti-Gas School, Falfield, The 90. Appreciation of Brigade A.R.P: Courses 214.

Artificial Respiration by Apparatus, 287:

Asphyxia-or Suffocation, 100. B

:: Black Book," The First Chapter of the, 125. Blue Cros's" Gases 285.

British Red Cross 68, 209, 231, 267, 294.

Calmette, Albert, 1863-1933, 323. Colliery Ambulance News 28 56 130, 154, 233. Collis Fracture, 102. '"

Competitor and Judge, 96. Coronation. Duty, 311.

Detailed Marking Sheet No. 48, 46. No. 49, 150.

EDITORIAL :-

Annual .Report of the B.R.eS., 1. C?ronahon Day Duties, 221. Fifty Years of Service, 305.

INDEX.

First Aid on the Air, 249.

First Aid on the Roads, 53. Golden Jubilee of the S.J.A.B., 277. Greetings, 137. How to Obtain Funds, 25. 1937, 165. S.JA.B. Oversea, 109. Thanks to the Doctor, 81. Too Many Medals'? 193

Extracts from the ::'Ianual of Instruction for the Royal Naval Sick Berth taff, 2, 34, 5-+, 83, 111, 139, 166, 195, 223, 251.

First Aid Televised, 172. Fletcher, Dr. N Corbet, 4.

F G

Gas IJois oning in Civil Life, 178. Golden Jubilee Celebrations of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, 306.

Her Majest.y The Queen and the S.JA.B., 222. Service Ambulance Committee, 71, 158. 6?, 102, 124, 145, 201, 231 , 294. Hospital s, Nursmg, Midwifery and Public Health ExhibitiOll and Conference, 206, 234. Hossack, Death of Major ]. F. e, 294.

Indication of Carbonic Acid, 186. L Lady Hospitallcrs' Club, 176, 201 319. Latest Experiences in 94. Legal Aspects of Blood Transfu ion, 70.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:St. John R.N.A.S.B. Reserve, 162, 174. Too Many Medals, 259.

Massage as a Profession, 127. Memorial to the late Miss Hoare, 150.

National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Ass'Ociation, 11, 179, 222, 319.

N ur:.ing of War Ga Cases, Notes on the, 26, 69, 119

Order of t. J Ohl1, 13.

Our llrses' Pages, 18, 72, 97, 128, 155, 182, 210, 240, 268, 296, 324.

Overseas AH P., 285.

Pioneer of ),ledicinl:, 9l.

POLICE f.A.·Cb :\ LWS :-

p

Birmingham C{JIl-.taIJulary, 206. Brighton, 101. City of LOlldon, 1 262.

City of London Special Constabulary, 33, 101, 290.

Denbighshire Constabulary, 33. Metropolitan, 13, 120, 149, 262.

Ietropolitan pecial Con tabulary, 290. rorth East Area, 120.

Police Tational First id Competition, 173, 20-+, 22 , 261.

Port of Bristol l\uthority, 118.

Principle Rules for Re uscitation, 40.

Priory for \Vales, 10, 62, 95, 146 175, 202, 232, 260, 289, 320.

Pub!Jc IIealth Congress and Exhibition, 158.

Queen's Deputy, The, 250.

QUERIES A1\D A. TO CURRESl'OKDENTS:-

Abdominal \\'oul1d and Concealed Bleeding, 302, 328.

Abdominal \\found with Internal Bleeding, 27-+.

Abu e of Sal Volatile, 1

Action of Prussic Acid, 20.

Animal 'aliya an Anti eptic, 21

Artificial Respiration, Performance of, 132

Artificial Respiration, Po ition of Hands in, 134.

Bicarbonate of oda, 132.

Carbon Dioxide in Resuscitation, 272, 302.

Cause of Swelling, 20.

Competitor's Plaint, A, 300.

Complicated Fracture of Clavicle, 330.

Compound Fracture of Clayicle, 48, 10-+.

Compound Fracture of Lower Limb, 272.

Compression of Femoral Artery, 22, 106.

Control of Arterial Bleeding, 188.

Dangers of Petrol, 20.

Death from Mental Shock, 218.

Diagnosis of Apoplexy, SO, 328.

Difficulty with Disbeliever, 216

Dilution of Iodine, 274.

Ethics of First Aid, 106.

Eucalyptus in the Treatmcnt of WOllnds, SO.

Examination Howler, 20, 48, 76, 10-+, 132, 160, 188, 216, 244, 272, 300, 328.

Extension with Comminuted Fracture, 20, 190.

First Aid for Burns, 134.

Formation of Angular Splint, 216.

Fracture of Shoulder, 302.

Fractured Arm and Bleeding Palm, 244.

Fractures' of Both Legs, 160.

Fractures of Clavicle and Humerus, 272.

Functions of Brain, 48.

Further Plaint of Compctitor, SO.

Haemorrhage from Internal Organs, 300.

Haemorrhage from Palm of Hand, 104.

His First Experience in Uniform, 50.

Humour in First Aid, 22, 76, 106, 160, 246, 302, 330.

Injury to Spleen by Fractured Ribs, 244.

Iodine in Disrepute, 76.

Meddlesome First Aid, 244.

Members of Dewar Competition Teams, 328.

Modification of Schafer's Method, 76.

Operative Treatment of Choking, 104.

Outdoor Treatment of Dislocations, 246.

Pad for Fractured Clavicle, 300.

Petrol for Wounds, Use of, 160, 188.

Plaint of Competitor, 22.

Poisoning by Calcium Carbide, 132, 218.

Poisoning by Creosote, 244.

Poisoning by Lysol, 48.

Rate of Heart Beat, 302.

Responsibility for Street Accidents, 20, 328.

Shock in Apoplexy, 246.

Smelling Salts, Administration of, 76.

State of Pupils with Apoplexy, 188.

Sting of Horse-fiy, 78.

Stretcher Drill, 190.

Structure of Pulmonary Vessels, 218. Suffocation During Sleep, 160.

Thomas Splint, Application of, 106. Thomas Splint, of, 274.

Treatmen t of Acid Poisoning, 272. Bleeding from Stomach, 330. Bleeding Palm, 272. Burns, 162. Carbide Poisoning, 13-+. Concussion, 216. Convul ion, 216. Electric hock, 22.

Fractured Humerus, 2-+6. Fractured Jaw, 160. Fractured Patella, 160. Hangi ng, -+8.

Heart Attack, 300. Hysteria, 78. Opium Poisoning, 274. Poisoning, 106, 330. Poisoning by Pru 's ic Acid, 328. Shock, 218.

Snake Bite, 22. Sprained Ankle, 162. tings, 78, 106. tranglllated Hernia, 216. " \V ounds, 188.

Triangular Bandage, Application of, 188.

Uses of Collodion, -+8, 106. \V o und of Abdominal 'Vall, 10-+, 132. \iVound of Thigh ,,,ith Arterial Bleeding, 162. R

HAlLWAY AMBULANCE NEWS :-

Great "vVestern, 14, 37, 67, 92, 121, 151, 180, 207, 235, 263, 292, 321.

Inter-Railway Competition, 207, 263, 291. London IvIidland & cottish, 15, 37, 67, 92, 122, 151, 180, 207, 235, 263, 293, 321.

London & orth Eastern, 15, 38, 93, 122, 152 181 208 236, 26-+, 322. , ,

1Ietropolitan Line (London Transport), 93, 237. ill. & G.N. Joint, 238. N.S.W. Government, 68. outhern, 39, 68, 123, 154, 181, 237, 266, 323. Railways and the .J.A.B., 39.

REVIEWS :-

Air Raid Precaution Handbooks, 145 Bailliere's urses' Complete 1Iedical Dictionary 16.

First Aid to Injured and ick, 16.

Gas.-A of Defence Again t, 298. 1lall1 POll1ts of Chemical Warfare from the :Me dical Aspect, 262.

Masseur's Companion, 17. on the Provi :i,?llS of the Pharmacy and POIsons Act, 1933 (PraclitlOners and Hospitals), 1-+5. Royal Visit to St. John's Gate, 222. s

St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, 3, 82, 194 222 250. St. John Ambulance Ass?ciation, 28, 82, 110, 138,' 194,' 316. St. John Ambulance Bngade, Some Notable Events in Its History, 278, 312.

T. JOHI AMBULANCE BRIGADE DISTRICT REPORTS :-

Brigade Headquarters, 29, 86, 1-1-1, 169, 197, 225, 256.

1\0. 1 (Prince of \Valc ) Di trict, 5, 29, 57, 86, 113, 141, 169, 197, 225, 256, 282, 317.

1:\0. II Di trict, 5, 58, 19 256, 318.

No. III Di trict, 6, 30, 87, 115, 170, 199, 226, 257, 282.

No. IV District, 7, 30, 59, 116, 143, 171, 199, 283, 318.

o. V Di trict, 7, 30, 60, 87, 117, 14-1-, 200, 227, 257, 283, 318.

No. VI Di trict, 31, 88, 1l7, 171, 200, 258.

1\0. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District, 8, 31, 61, 88, 118, 171, 200, 228, 258, 284.

o. IX District, 9, 144, 200, 259.

o. X District, 33, 144, 172, 284.

Northern lreland (Ulster) District, 61, 89.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Final Competitions, 253, 286.

t. John Ambulan('e Brigade Jubilee, 250. t. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, 36, 57, 85, 14 8, 177, 206, 238, 326.

St. John R. B.R., 124.

Sleeman' , Colonel J. L., Return, 288. Structural Anatomy, 66. T

Thomas Knee plint, A. J. Thoma '" 1fodiflcation of the, 12, 40,64.

Too l1any Medals? 16 W

Way They Have in the Army, The, 184. Wellington Blood Tran fusion Service, 74. Wimbledon mbulance Fe tival, 174, 255.

Illustrations.

Anti-GaS' School, Falfield, 119.

Bentall, Dr. Wm. c., 29.

Bri tol Authority Competitions in Progress, Port of, 118.

Bristol Centre S.J.A.A. Annual Competitions, 28.

Dean and Chapter Colliery " A " Team, 33.

Fletcher, Dr. K. Corbet, 4.

Goulburn Ambulance Station, 238.

H.l1. the Queen in the Uniform of Commandant-in-Chief, 222.

New Bentley Church Lads' Brigade Ambulance Team, 95.

POLICE :-

Holbro\V, Sergeant J. F. 150. Liverpool City Police Team, 229. " G" Division Team, 229.

PRIORY FOR vV ALES :-

A.R.P. Display Organised by the Commissioner for Brecknockshire, 175.

Barry Island, St. John Cadet ursing Camp, 63.

H.R.H. The Duke of Kent, K.G.K.T., Prior of the Priory, 147.

RAILWAY AMBULANCE:-

G.\V.R.: Lean, J. F., O.B.E., 14.

L.M.S.R.: Birmingham District Ambulance Competitions, Division 1 Presentation, 264. Crewe (Machine Shop) Team receiving the Championship Bowl, 15. Glasgow" A" Women's Team receiving the Championship Cup, 293.

L.K.E.R.: Parkes ton "A" Team receiving the G.E. Championship Cup, 265. Stratford District Competition in Operation, 208.

S.R.: \Vaterloo " A II Team receiving the Championship Shield, 266.

Waterloo "A" Team with the Inter-Railway Shield, 291.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE:-

Headquarters' Staff.

Duncan, Major General Sir John, K.CB., CM.G., CV.O., D.S.O., Chief Commissioner, Front Cover, May, 1937, issue.

Sleeman, Col. J. L., CB., CM.G., CB.E., M.V.O., Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, Front Cover June 1937, issue. ,

1100re, Col. G. A., Asst. Chief Conunissioner, 279.

Fletcher, T Corbet, Surgeon-in-Chief, 279.

Perrott, Lady, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, 279.

Dent, Mrs. Lancelot, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief Overseas , 315.

Bentall, Wm. C, Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief and A.R.P. Officer, 279.

Tri!TIble, Col. C J., Insp.ecling Officer No.4 District, 279.

EIIJs, Col. C. 1., Inspectmg Officer West Counties 279

Dar:vil-Smith, Major P. G., Brigade Secretary, 279. Wng&lesworth, H. f., Asst. Brigade Secretary, 314.

No. I (Pnnce of Wales's) District.

Acton and Hammersmith Division's New Ambulance Dedication, 114.

Goodley, Capt. W., 281.

Grays Cadet Division, 114.

No. 87 (Shored itch) Division, The "Records and Honours" Board of the, 143.

No. 114 (L.CC Trams) Division Fir 1 l\nnual Dinner, 115.

Piers, Di tricl Officer S.D ., 87. South Metropolitan Gas Corps 19/2 Diyi ' ion Competition Team, 282.

Southern Area Field Day, 57.

Stoke ewington Diviion' AR.P. Practice, 142.

No. II District.

Bournemouth Corps' New easide Fir t .\id tation, 5 Burges, Major To rman, 315. Cox, John ., 315.

Gardiner-Hill, C, 281.

Hampshire County Inspection, 5, 6.

Tennyson- mith, 11ajor A, 2 1.

Wolverton Team receiving the "Dewar" hicld [rom the Duchess of Gloucester, 253.

No. III District.

Dryland, L. W., 315.

Ford, Col. Sir Bertram, 281.

Orton, Major J.. 313.

Three Veterans of the Brigade, 227.

No. IV District.

Cumberland and We tmorlanu.

Cockill, Lt. Col. 'vV. B., 281. Lancashire.

Crosfield Nursing Divisioll, 4-5 Inspection of o. 1 Area at Colne, 59.

Six Members of the Liverpool Central l\l1lbulance Division with 150 year' combined Service, 89. Smith, W. G., 281.

No. V District.

Armley and Wortley Division at the Armley Feast, 60.

North Area Officers' MeS' Fir t .Meeting, 283.

Nottingham Corps' New Ambulance, 30.

No. VI District.

Atkinson, W. T., 281.

Darlington Division, Opening of No.4 Hut, 31. Darlington Nursing and Cadet Division, Annual Inspection of the, 97.

Embleton, Stanley, 281.

Wilson, F. P., 313.

No. VII District.

Eames, Lt. Col. C. W., 281.

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District.

Dorking's New Ambulance, 43.

Herne Bay Nursing Division receiving the "Perrott" Shield from the Duchess' of Gloucester, 253. Richards, E. A., 281.

Sussex and Surrey Review at Littlehampton, 32.

No. IX District.

Blackwood, Lt. Col. W., 281.

Miller, Hedley V., 313.

Vick, Herbert J., 313.

No. X District.

Hossack, Major J. F. C, 281.

Northern Ireland (Ulster) District.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher inspecting the work done at the Annual Inspection, 7, Fraser, Ian, 314.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations, 307, 309.

S·rA.B. Nursing Personnel Camp Fancy Dre ss Parade, 72.

EDITORIAL.

addressed to the Editor at the :lddress below, and sh"uld reach him before the 12th of each month, :lnci mu. be accompanied (no necessarily tor fJubli cation) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

u bscri pt ions, Ad, en isements and other business Communications connected \\.ilh AID -hou ld be forw a r de d to the Publishers, Ih\LE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CAN STRIIKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 L01/don.

Telethonr - City 37 fO.

CONTENT5 OF THIS NUMBER.

Ent rnl{I \I. :

, \nl1uaJ Rlp0rt l,f the B. R.C.

Extracts trol11 the '\l anua J of In s tru ct ion for the ROF" 0;;\\al Sick Berth taR'

SI. \ ndn.: \,'s _\lllhuJance .\s'5oc iation

,\ig-t'l Corbl't Fletcher

\. B. IIeadquarters and District R epo rt s

E"ents

Pri ory for \VaJes

National R oad Pa , senge r Transport Ambulance

As oc at on

Thomas's (. J.) "\I oclification of the Thomas Knee

Splint

Order of t. J ohn

Police Ambulance N ws

Railway Ambulance ews

Reviews

r\l1lhulancE' 'e w s Cuttings from the Press

Our Nurses' Pages

AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :_

Extension with Comminuted Fracture

Examination Howler

Action ot Prussic Acid

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE B.R.C.S.

L CREASED actIvIty in all branches of the Society's work is reported in the an n ual report for 1935. In .1.ddition to its usual activities the British Red Cross Society were called upon to meet certain exigencies arising out of the hostilities in Abyssinia, and a full account of same is incorporated in the report.

The personnel of the Society increased during the year by 8 men's and 10 women's Voluntary Aid Detachments and by 32 junior links. Membership is now 3,838 men and 18,968 women V. A.D.'s and 1,507 men and 2,272 women members of the Red Cross Detachmen ts. It is estimated that there are nearly 30,000 members in the Junior Section.

Defence against chemical warfare continues to occupy a foremost position in the Society's V.A.D. movement, and is now included as an essential part of the member's training.

The Clinic for Rheumatism is fulfilling a great necessity in the life of the community; the achievements of last year being very satisfactory.

The Blood Transfusion Service answered 4,701 requests , an increase of 846 over 1934. Of these 222 were night calls. Two donors have now served on over 60 occasions, whilst 619 badges have been gained by donors who have given 10 or more transfusions. The mem bership increased by 197.

The report also deals with general services, including reports from County Branches, which give particulars of service done on the roads in , the hospitals, etc., reports from the Red Cross and financial statements.

Owing to heavy pressure on space, it has been found necessary to hold over many items and photo. graphs until the next issue.

Ex t racts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Continued from page ,07) ·

There are two circulato r y systems i n the body.

(1) The Pulmonary Circulation.

(2) The Systemic Circu l ation. Pulmonary Cz"1"'Culat£on. -The b l ood is forced by the right verJtric le thr?ugh the pu l monary arteries to the lungs, where It abso r bs oxygen and then returns through the pulmonary veins to the left auricle.

The circulation is concerned in Respi ration

Systemat£c Ch'culat-z"on.- The blood is out of the lefe ventricle into the aorta (as arterial blood) and is pumped to all parts of the body. It then returns to the right auricle by the vence cavce as venous blood.

The arterial blood contains oxygen and nutriment, which it gives to the tissues through th.e capillaries. The venous blood .carbon oxide and other waste matter. 1 he ch lef arteries and veins throuah \vhich the blood passes in the systemic ha\'e. described.

The Portal Circulatlon.- fhls IS part of the systemic circulation. The blood the stomach and intestines after c)lIecting nutriment from the diaested food, runs into one single vein, the Portal Vehz. This vein enters the liver, and the blood after passing through the capillaries the liver is retu rned to the heart by the hepatiC vein which empties into the inferior vena cava. Tili; circulation is concerned in digestion

SU77Z17W1Y of tlze Cz"rculahon - Blood leaves the heart by the aorta and is pu m ped all over the body-that which goes to tb.e spleen, stomach and intestines is taken to the live r and then back to the i'lferior vena cava (the Portal Circulation), the remainder retu rns to the right auricle by the systemic veins, ending in the vence cavce (the Systemic Circulation). .'

All this clood returns to the right aUricle. It then passes through tricuspid val ve to the right ventricle, whence It IS pumped 111tO the l ungs through the pulmonary artery, and then to the left auricle through the pulmonary veins (the Pulmonary Circulation).

*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H 1\1.

1:<rom the left auricle it passes through tbe mitral valve to the left ventricle, \\ hich it again leaves by the aorta, and so the great ircle is completed these poz"nts l'll your l7lz"lld -

(1) The auricles receive the blood fr m the vei ns.

(2) The auricles force the blood directly into the ventricles.

(3) The ventricles force the blood illtO the arteries.

(4) Blood leaving the Idt sidL: of the heart returns to thE" right ide of the heart, and vice versa.

(3) TLII'.: RESPIR \TOLI..Y Sy. n::'L Organs of Resjiratz"oll include the the pharynx, the larynx, and the lungs.

Nose or JVasal Cm 1zty -l he nosc IS a cavity divided by a longitudinal panilioll,. the septum, into a right and left sidc, \\hleh oren In front as the nostrils or anterior nar , and end behi nd in the pharynx as the posterior narcs.

The outer walls of the cavit\' of the nose are thrown into ridges by the turbinated hones, so as to increase thei r Sll rfdce.

The nose is lined wilh mucous membrane, well su ppl ied wi th blood, and it warms, moistens, and filters the incoming air before it reaches lhe l ungs It is also the seat of the sense of smell.

The nerve of smell (or olfactory nerve) branches \Vhich end in the mucous mem brane o[ t he nose

Several of the bones forming the walls of the nose contain air cells, which open into the nasal cavities. The tea r duct from the eye opens i nto t h e nose

Phmynx, or Tlwoat, is the cavity at the back of the mouth and nose It is about four inches in l e n a t h and has the fo ll owi ng open i ngs com m 11 n in eat in g w i t h it :-

The Posterior Nares, communicat in g w ith t h e nose.

The Eustaclz£an Tubes, lead i ng to the

ea rs

The Mo u th .

The l ead i n g to the stomac h

The La r ynx , l ea di ng to th e lun gs

FIR S T

The pharynx is part both of the respi r ato r y and of the digestive systems .

La7ynx, or the Organ of tile VOl'ce, is a boxshaped structure situated in the upper part of the front of the neck. It communicates with t he pharynx above and the trachea below. It is com[losed of cartilages, the chief of which are the Tlzyro/d and the Cr/c07d Cartzlages.

Cartilage forms the prom inence i n neck known as t he II Adam's apple"; Crz'coz"d Cartlia,fe lies just below, and is less prominent.

The upper opening of the larynx is guarded by a leaf-shaped piece of cartilage called the Epiglollt·s. D u ri ng respi ration the epiglottis remains upright; but in the act of swallowing it falls back" arcts, completely covering the opening and 0 preventing food from passing into the larynx.

Inside the larYllx are two fibrous bands ca l led the {Toeal Couls, the vibration of which produces the voice.

The '1 ra hed, or "\ \' i ndpi pe, is a carti lagi nous and membnnoll ' tube about 1 inch in diameter, \\ hich extends [rom the lo\\er part of the larynx down\\ards for about 4 inche , and then divides into two branchc') (lhc JJrollclll), olle for each lung

It can be ca:-.ih felt under the skin in the front of the ne 'k. "

The walls are com posed of mem brane, in "h ich are em bedded haped rings of cartilage to keep them [rom col lapsi n a. The carti lages su rround thc front and sides of the trachea, but at the back, where it i in contact" ith the cesophagus, the trachea is composed of mcmbrane only

The Bron hi, right and left, are formed by the division of the trachea. After enter i n a the o lungs, they divide and subdivide into innumerab l e branches, similar to a tree, and finally the smallest branches (lhe Brol1c11z"0Ies) end in little sacs called air cells, or llveolz". The walls of the alveoli are composed of a thin layer of tissue, through which gases can rass.

The Lun as are two grey ish spon ay elastic organs, situated in the thorax, on each side of the They are conica l in shape, a n d rest on t he dIaphragm They dre divided i nto l obes of wh ich the right lung has three and the left I'un a two. The points where the bronchi and b lood en ter are called the roots of t he lung

The lungs are composed of a m ass o f thin cells, the alveoli, surround i na w hi ch a r e the capillaries of the pu l monary T hu s the and the a i r the r e is onl y a very thm .l ayer of tIssue, t h rough whic h gases ca n p ass , It IS that the b l ood abso rb s oxyge n a n d gIves up ItS ca r bon di-oxide T h e Pleura . Each l Ull a is en cl ose d in a de l icate mem brane cal led t he A t t h e roo t of each lu ng the p leura is cont inlll_d o n to t he inn e r s ur faCe of t he t h orax, w h ic h i t lin es T her e a re

thus two layers of pleura in the chest, and their adjacent surfaces arc moistened with se r ous fluid to p revent f r ict ion . I n health there is no actual space between the layers

Respz"rat-ion is the process of drawi ng ai r into the lungs and expelling it, so that an interchange of gases between the air and the blood may take p lace. The gases concerned in respiration are oxygen and carbon di-oxide (To be continued.)

St. Andpew's Ambulance As sociation.

The Lord Provost (:\lr. John Stewart) presided at the allnual general meeting of the Association, held on June 30th at North 8treet, Glasgow.

It was reported that during- the past year +3,645 calls were made upon the Association's waggons; the toral number of patients com eyed since the formation of the Association 53 years ago being 766,802. In Glasgow alone the wag-gons turned out 18,979 times, iO\ ol\'ing 19,·4+3 ca es, increa es of +6+ turns - out and 556 cases compared with the pre\ ious year. Of the cases attended in Glasgo\," 10,031 "'ere accident cases and 9,+12 illness cases The total number of calls represents a daily a\ erage ot 52.

During the year, 1,537 cases of accident in which motor \'ehicles \\'ere involved were attended by headquarters' staff. a decrease of 28 as compared ""ith the previous year. The Association's \yaggons, acting in conjunction ,yith the Northern and Scottish Airways' Ambulance Sen' ice, carried during the year 26 patients from Renfrew Aerodrome to Glasgow. Of these t( n had been carried by aeroplane from Islay, three frolll Bute and Arran, two from Campbeltow::, one each frolll Colon say, Tiree, 1\1 ull, Barre, and Orkney, and six fr om North and outh Cist.

It is stated that arrangements ha\'e been made with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution wherE'bv the Association's wag-galls and trained personnel will be in readiness to give assistance at wrecks occurring on the Scottish coast; also fo r the training in first aid of the members of lifeboat crews.

The Association has nmv 80 motor am bulance wag-gons, 1 + being stationed in Glasgow and 66 in other Scottish centres.

During the year 591 first aid classes and 61 nursing classes were conducted, 9,63+ pupils received instruction. In addition to it ordinary work the Association is one of the bodies entrusted by the Government with the duty of instructing the public in Air Raid Precaution Suitable persons haye been sent to take courses of instruction in Eng-land and they would conduct classes at different entres of the Association .

T he Lord P roYost, in the course. of a brief peecb, exp r e sed the opinion that all connected with huses and heavy vehic les sho ul d be tra ned in amb u lance work, and that pr i\'ate motorists themselves should alsoha\'e some kno\dedge of the subject and take first aid eq u ipment about with them in their cars.

T he following office-bearers were appointed :President, the Duke of Buccleuch ; \'ice-presidents, the Lord Provost of Glasgow, Lord Hamiltcn of Dalzell, Lord Dunedin of tenton, Lord olebrooke, Sir John tirling I axwell, Bt., Co lone l D. J 1\1ackintosh, 1\11'. Charles Ker, 1\1r. Wi lli am \ Vhitelaw, l\1r. David Cooper, 1\l r And r ew T R ei d , a n d D r Robert Robertson

Stationery Office. Copies of the manual be had of H. M. Stationtry Office, Adastral House, Klngsway , London, W.C.2, or any branch, price 4/Sd post free.

Nigel Corbet Fletcher,

J\I.A., ill.B., B.CHIR. (CA TAB), J\I.R.C.S., LR.C.P.

\i\TITH the greatest pleasure we announce that Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher was promoted on St. John's Day to Surgeon-i n-Chief of the St. John Am bulance Brigade.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher commenced his first aid activities 28 years ago when he lectured to the (then) L. & N. W. Railway Ambulance Classes. In 1915 he transferred his activities to the S.E. & C. Railway Ambulance Centre, and to this day his connection with this Centre (now known as the Southern Railway) is still a definite fact. His first" love" being railway first aiders, it is not so

District; and in November of that year be was appointed Assistant Commissioner in charge of Central Area. This ' position he occupied until lay, 1932, when he was promoted to the position of Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief.

The value of competitions as a means of educating first aiders appealed to Dr. Corbet Fletcher from the outset of his ambulance career and the development of the modern marking sheet from a few items on a half sheet of not paper to a complete solution of the problem set out in details on one or two sheets o[ foolscap owes much to h initiative and guidance. In 1923, as a Di Surgeon, he staged, with improvised material, the first realistic team test i 11 the "Dewar" hield Competition and, in he did the thing in the Inter-Railway Final Competition. His record in Brigade Fi nal Com peti tions i II Il iq lie, because year after year since he btl · flgu red in them as judge, test preparer or referee.

His services have been recogni ed by the Order from time to time. In 191B he was made an Honorary Associate; promoted to 0 nlcer i 11 1924; and to Commander in 1931. lIe is also the holder of the Co, ; spieuous :\Teclal.

The thanks of thousands of aidcrs ar due to Dr. Corbet Fletcher for the answers, which for well-nigh 21 years, he has given to qu ri raised by readers of this Jou rnal. () n the dcath of' Dr. Frank Christian in 1915, Dr. Corbet Fletcher succeeded him as Hon. -:'Iledical Lorrespondent to FIRST AID, a position he still holds and carries out in his o\\'n efficient and ullderstanding manner. In recognition of his valuable services in this con nection readers of rAID, in 1926, presented him with a testimonial which, at his own request, took the form of a handsome trophy, and was accepted by the Order as the second prize in the" Perrott' Shield Competition.

In addition to his services to FIR T AID he has compiled many authoritative books on first aid and home nursing which have a world-wide sale. He also compiled the first official history of the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade, which was published in book form in 1930.

St. John Ambul ance Brigade

l-feadquarters and Distrz'ct Reports .

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District.

Central Area Church Parade was held on June 28th

L. Clement Danes, Strand, by invitation of the Rector, lh e Re\,. 'vVm. Penl11ngton Bickford, who has recently been a ppointed a Chaplain of the Order.

Col. Woolrych Perowne (Hospitaller of the Order)

,\JId Dr. Corbet Fl e tcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) read the lessons, the sermon being preached by the Rev. Lhnstopher Perowne (a Chaplain of the Order).

FolloW111g the service Col. Perowne inspected the lJarade in the Judges' Quadrangle of the Law Courts and later, in a not e to Asst. Commissioner Dr. LWld, congratula ted the parade on Its smart appearance.

Among those present were Sir Percival and Lady \\'lIkinson, Lady Di trict Supt. 11iss A. M. Walker, Mrs. P c ro\\ ne , illrs. Corbet Fletcher, Mrs. and Miss Lund, Lady Di..,triet L)1l' CLr \1 rs. Morrish in addition to the District ,illU Ar L< l Offic e rs.

BlUl 1'.1. \\ FRS \R\l!> DlnsION.-The annual " Miles" up competition \\ as held on aturday, June 20th, Dr. H. Dunl o p Judging the work of four teams.

L \ most reall tic accident was staged, a man sustaining a contu cd wound on forehead, sprained right ankle, concu SIOIl, and shock as the result of same. Sergts J l'Olll11onger and Barne s were re ponsible for the staging a nd mouth running of the event.

The work \vas watched with interest by Mr. R. H. P{)inter (Asst. Goods Agent, Bricklayers' Arms) and I\lrs. P o int e r, Dr. J. Davies, Lady District Officer I\liss Grindley, Co rps Supt. A. J. Green, Lady Div. upt. Miss Pierce, Amb. Officer Forward (1 16 Division) and many others. J)j\,. ' upt. C. E. Harrison received the guests. Corps. Supt. Green presided at the presentation cereIlluny and welcomed ::'lr. Pointer and all other visitors. lI e invested 1\11'. Pointer with the badge of vice-president.

r..Ir. Poin t er thanked the Division for the honour the) had com eyed upon him. He had taken an intere t ill first aid for many) cars, having received his first certificate at the Crystal Palace.

John, the late wife of Col. E. J. King) Librarian of the Order.

The Very Rev. the Dean of Backing, assisted by the Vicar and the Rev. Norman Ashby (brother of the deceased) dedicated the memorial and also preached the sermon taking for his text) "Y e are my witnesses." He spoke of personal service and how Mrs. King had for many years rendered service to the commWlity in many directions.

Col. King and other members of the family were present and among the large congregation were the Mayor and Mayoress of Finchley, District Officer C. T. Osborn, District Officer J. Standingford, Corps Supt. Warren, Supts. J. W. Tayler (Finchley), J. J. Ascott, S. H. Collins Amb. Flatman (Hampstead), Ha\" rkms (Barnet), Lady DlV. Supt. Miss M. A. Vicary, and a good number of members.

After the service the parade, with District Officer Osborn in command, was inspected by the Mayor of Finchley (Ald. S. Pulham), who also took the salute as the company marched away.

No. II. District.

J Wle 14th will for ever live in the minds of the B.rigade in Hampshire as a red letter day of the County's On that day not only was the annual inspection earned out by the Chief Commissioner, Sir John Duncan, but also the new County Colour was consecrated. N ever before had I,Vinchester seen so many members of the Brigade as on that day. Some 1,200 men, women

Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher.

surprising to find him taking so keen an interest in them even to-day. To show his appreciation of these ambulance workers he presented a silver Cup in 1929 to be held for one year by the runners-up in the Inter-Railway Competition Final.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher's activities with the Brigade commenced in j 916, when he was appointed Hon. Surgeon to the Hampstead Division of the No.1 District, which during his term of office won second place in the" Dewar" Shield Competition on two occasions. February, 1924, saw his promotion to District Surgeon of No.1

On behalf of our readers and ourselves we ask Dr. Corbet Fletcher to accept our heartiest congratulations on his new appointment. It is an appointment well deserved; and we hope that he will enjoy good health to carry out his arduous duties for many years.

FLAG DAY PUBLICITY.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Flag Day and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

The result of the comp etition was announced as follows: 1st To. 2 t eam (Corpi. Grant, captain); 2nd No.4 team, (Pte. \Valler, captain); 3rd No. 1 tcam (CorpI. U01d, captain); 4th o. 3 team (Pte. Buggen captain). Tl1lltvidual competition (held previous to team test): 1st and year men; Pte. hapman, runner-up Pte. Flexoll; 3 to .J years, Pte. J. \Vhite, runner-up CorpI. Lloyd; 6 to 8 years, CarpI. Grant, runner-up Pte. ewman; 9 years and over, Pte. Waller, runner-up Pte. Leggott.

In addition to the competition prizes Mr. Pointer presented awards, and also Southern Railway ServIce medals for 7, 14 and 21 years' continuous serVIce.

Thanks to. the Doctor and also to Mr. Pointer brought these. proceedmgs to a close; dancing and other items carrymg on until midnight.

FINClILEY.-On SlU1day, June 28th, members of the Ambulance and. and Southgate Nursing DIVISIOn attended mornmg serVice at the Holy Trinity Church, East Finchley, at the invitation of the Vicar the Rev. Dr. H. H. Ascough.

The occasion was the dedication of a memorial to Mrs. Mildred King, a Dame of Grace of the Order of St.

Hampshire County Inspection. The ew County Colour.

and cadets Look part in the proceedings and the bearing, marching and appearance was a credit to the movement.

On the Recreation Ground the Chief Commissioner carried out his inspection and later presented Service Medals or Bars to Corps Supt. Pearson, Corps Officers Sherrin and Hewett (A1dershot), Div. Supt. Hawkes (Winchester), Amb. Officer Hammond (Southsea), Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Fulljames (Portsmouth), Lady Div. Supt.

FIRST

Birch (Portsea), and Grand P r ior b adges to Cadetloan P. Hale and .]. Cockrane (of the Charmin ter "cadet 1\ ur Diyision).

A 1110 t dl tingui heel company wa present, inc1udin LT the of \\ 7inche ter (l\1r. A. T. Edmonds), the .:\J ayor of outhampton, Bournemouth, Christchurch, Lymington, Andoyer) Gosport and Aldershot, Lady DLUlcan) ir Philip and Lady Chetwode, Sir Edward .\ltham, ir Richard and Lady Luce) Brig. General Bertram Portal, Capt. J. B. Scott (High heriff of the County), Brig. General J. B. Drown, Col. J. R. G. Crosbie and many others.

l\Iajor A. Tennyson Smith} t 1.D. (County Commis ioner) was in command} 11aj or C. G. H. Morse (Asst. County Commi ioner) being second in command with :'1aj or F O Chappell (County Secretary) as Brigade :'Iaj or Lady District Officers 11rs. Hayes and the H on :'1rs. \\'hittaker ,vere in charge of the ursing Divisi ons.

Following the inspection and march past, at which ir John Duncan took the salute) the parade proceeded to the Cathedral. Here the Dean (Dr. Selwyn) conducted the service, during which the Bishop of Winchester (Dr. Cyril Garbett) consecrated the new Brigade Colour. This had been presented by the County Comm issioner, J\Iaj or Tennyson mith and :'1rs. Tennyson Smith} RRC.

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After tea, which followed) the members departed on their homeward journey.

Prior to the inspection the 11ayor and g-a.,'c a. luncheon party at the Abbey lIOll C at whIch many (l1stinguished O'uests assembled.

The tIayor proposed the toa t of "The Brigade," to which Sir J ohl1 Duncan replied.

OUTIISE,\ .-The annnal inspection of the South ea Di\'i ion was recently carried out by the ounty C0111mi ioner, Tennyson mith. lIe \\atched men at dri ll and first aid and later congratulated upt. (rIll and hlS members on their work and on the way the Di\'i ion had progressed. He to Amh. Officer \V. (;. Rarry his warrant of appomtment. of thi Di\'i ion, under 'upt. GIll, attended the County in pection at Winche ter, Amb. Officer P. Hammond receiving the enTice from John Duncan.

No . III. D is t ric t . ORTIIAMPTO:>f.-The annual in pection of the 1\ orthampton Corp \\as helel on Sunday. June 7th, \\'hcll

H amps hire Co unt y In spection.

Sir J ohn puncan, Chief Commissioner, In spect in g the Nursing and Ambulance P e r sonnel at Winchester on Jun e 14lh.

Transport Officer Rose (vVinchester) car ri ed the Colour, accompanied by Sgt. Harris and Hon. Sgt. \i\'ristbridge, Supt. Burley being the officer in charge of the Colour Guard.

The Bishop) in his sermon} traced the history of the Order from its origin in Jerusalem. He referred to the pre'sent day activities mentioning the excellent work done 01, road duties and the new responsibility which rested upon the Brigade in regard to the protection of the civil population against gas warfare.

After the Blessing, Asst. Commissioner Major Morse recei"ed the Colour and handed it to the Chief Commis ioner, who, standing on the steps of t h e dais before the altar, formally presented the Colour to the County Brigade.

The parade then reformed and marched to th e Guildhall where the Chief Commissioner addressed them. It had been, he said) one of the finest shows h e had seen It had been a most dignified parade which reflected great credit on :'1:ajor Tennyson Smith and those w h o had helped him. Sir John gave particulars of the Brigade's -activities during 1935 and said it was a r eve lation that there were so many people willing through St. J ohn 's to render to the public valuable vo luntary se rvic es.

Dr. L. W Dryland, Commis ioner, accompanied by County Officers C. W. Curtis and F. Holgate Smith, M.B.E., was the Inspecting Officer. Lady DIstrict Supt. Mrs. M. Reeves} A.R.R.S.} accompanied by Lady County Officer :'1iss L. E. Mawby, M.B.E.} in pected the nurses.

The parade) w h ich totalled 335 (1+8 men) 175 nurses and 12 Borough Police) was under the command of Corps Supt. W. E. Edwards} M.B.E., assisted by Corps Officer E. J. Hayward. The Ambulance Divisions represented were Headquarters (Supt. H. 1. Edwards), Daventry (Sergt Young), Ea rls Barton (Sergt. W. Lord), Towcester (Supt. R. E. Sutton), Weedon (Amb Officer F. 1'. Whiting) whi l st the Nursing Divisions, under Lady Co rp s Supt. Miss K. Bradford, A.RRC. were Headquarters (Lady Supt. Miss E. Cowley), Casti li an (Lady Supt. Mrs. J en11lngs, M.B.E.,) Spencer (Lady Supt. Mrs. S. Li eves l ey), Daventry (Lady Supt. Mrs. E. M. Shaw), Towceste r (Lady S upt. Miss R B ea le), H eadquarters Spence r and Towcester Cadets under Lady Officer Miss E. H owe, Lad y Cadet Supts. Miss Ward and Miss Oldham respectively.

Following the in spection a number of practical test cases we r e tr eated) followed by the march past.

Dr. Dryland expressed hi s pleasure with the numb e r

FIR S T

on parade, equipment and work done, which proved they were takmg an mcreased interest in the work of the Brigade. Mrs. Reeves addressed the Nurses.

No . IV . District LANCASHIRE.

RA\vTENsTALL. - The eighth annual review of the Ros.sendale Valley Units of the S.].A. B., was held at Park, Raw:tenstall. Prior to the inspection of the the InspectIng Officer, judges and officials were entertaIned to luncheon at the Qu ee n's Arms Hotel by the layor of Rawte?stall (Alderman 1iss C. Whitehead, J.P.),

The Inspec.tlng Offi ce r was Asst. Commissioner Major ] A. 1acken z le, M.A., M.B., and the judges were Dr. mall.ey, Bury Dr. Struthers, Ed e nfield; Corps Officer Emmlson, Ha lingden, for Bay Cadets; and Mrs. Kirby .of o urhall HospitRI ) for the Girl Cadets. The co mpetItIon com prised the march pa t, ge neral smartnE'SS in

the work done by the men, women and cadets and the need to be efficient and up-to-date, especially in 'their air raid precautions work.

The Deputy Mayor of Wigan thanked all and congratulat.ed the members of all ranks for the good work they were dotng.

The trophy for the Nursing Units was awarded to Crosfield Nursing Division, and the one for the men to Standish and Ince Divisions, both having tied for the first place.

LVTHAM.-Mr. R. M. Stothert, of St. Annes, donor of the road patrol huts to Blackpool and St. Annes Divisions S.J.A.B., hasjustbeen notified that he has been admitted to the Order of St. John as an Officer (Brother).

COLNE.-Units from Colne, Nels@n. Barrowford, Briarfield, Burnley, Foulridge, Trawden, Blackburn, Padiham and Barnoldswick and Earby Divistons, No.5 DIstrIct, attended the Annual Drum Head Service, held at

Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher Inspecting the Work done at the recent Northern Ireland (Ulster) District Annual Inspection.

the ranks, and bandaging tests, and was watched by a large number of people who were very considerably impressed The results were declared as follows :- " Trickett" Shield, Haslingden "A" Division, Haslingden Corps' "G h "C C h b h ." ra am up, raws aw oot DIvIslOn "Capt. Baxter" Cup, Has\ingden Nursing Division; " Winifred Baxter" Cup, Bacup Cadet Nursin cr Divison· "Dr. Brown" Cup, Crawshaw booth Cadet Division.

'YJGAN.-About .1,000 of all ranks were on parade at the FIrst Annual ReVIew and Inspection of Units in No.4 Area, 4 (Lanes.) District! and were inspected by the CommISSIoner Mr. W. G. Smith, O. B. E., who was assisted by Asst. Commissioners Col. C. H. S. Redmon d T D M.B., and W. H. Gastall, D.C.M., B.Sc. and Corp's G. A. Holt (attached to District Office). The officers in charge of the were: Ambulance Units, Corps S u pt. H. Potter (Wlgan), Nursing Units Corps S u pt H Wi!liams (Warrington). Corps "V. T. (Wlgan) acted as adjutant.

The Commissio n e r rernin<;led all present of the va l ue of

Alkincoats \ark, Colne, Sunday, June 14th. The service was J01l1t1y by the Rev. ]. H. Bedford, and the Rev. A. Sttrzake.r, the address being given by Mr. Stirzaker. l\lassed chOIrs. and an ?rchestra under Mr. Brierley undermusa::al portIOn of the service which was most After the service the Units paraded for inspectIon under the command of Assistant Commissioner R. Clegg, .M.R.C.S. Colonel C. ]. Trimble, c.B., C. l.G., Inspect1l1g Officer on the Staff of the Chief Commissioner was the Inspecting Officer, and was accompanied by Mayor of CQlne and .Mr. E. Duckworth, J. P.

After the inspection the parade marched off and a wreath was placed on the Colne War l\lemorial.

No. V. District.

Thirty 'Officers and 440 men attended the annual camp of the No. 5 District which was held on Castle Hill Scarborough, fr<;>m. May 30th to June 6th. ' Asst. CommISSIoner H. C. wq.s in (,':omma.nd? with

Asst. Commissioner G. B. Armstrong second in command, Asst. Commissioner H. C. Chambers as District Surgeon K. H. Beverley as P.M.O., and DIstnct Officer G. E. Hardy as Adjutant.

Strict camp routine was observed, dnlls, practices fully occupied the SpecIal attentIOn was given to A.R.P. lectures. vVmd, ram and extreme cold weather interfered with the work on two days.

A Drumhead Service was held on the Sunday, conducted by the Rev. H. S. F. Collier, Assistant ChaplainGeneral, Northern Command, preceded by an early: bration of Holy Communion. A large number of VISItors attended the service.

On Friday, June 5th, an inspection was held by Brig. General T. W. Sandys, K.C.B., C.M.G., County V.A.D., West Riding, Yorkshire. An excellent .exhlbltIon of drill and ceremonial was given; the officer expressina- himself as being more than pleased WIth what he had s;en and with the camp arrangements generally.

On the Monday there occurred a remarkable of resource and pluck. A lad of fourteen, attempt1l1g to climb the 300 foot high cliff, got stuck 40 feet from the top: He c{)uld go up. nor d?wn and completely lost his nerve. HIS compamons ralsed the alarm and CorpI. H. Edwards: (Cadeby Colliery Division) a member of the Quartermaster's Staff), a rope fr?m unpitched marquee) fortunately avaIlable, and tIed It around his waist. He was lowered down the concave face of the cliff, got the boy on his back was slowly drawn up by his comrades to th.e loud of those who had witnessed the brave actIOn from the chff and the Marine Drive below.

It is hoped that more will be of this action, CarpI. Edwards undoubtedly saV1l1g the boy s hfe at a grave risk to his own.. Not long ago COfJ!1. Edwards rescued a boy from drownmg at home: he IS a worthy member of the Brigade.

No. 5 District recently suffered a great loss through the untimely death of Asst. Commissioner O. F. Buxton, and nowhere has this loss been more keenly felt than in the District Camp, of which he had acted as Quartermaster at each of the fifteen camps which have been held since the War.

He passed away about a month before camp whilst in the middle of the preparations.

ARMLEY AND WORTLEY DIVISION.-The annual report of this Division has recently been issued and gives details of the work done during 1935. Cases dealt with number 467, making a total, 191?, of 8,133. F?r the eighteenth year in successIOn publtc duty was carned out at the Armley Feast (five days) when 64 persons received attention Duties were also arranged at numerous other functions.

Once again this Division can that it every certificate available. In addltIOp to first al.d <l;nd home nursing eight members the Sa11ltatIOn certificate and pendants, whIlst nme have the required examinations in Hygiene, thus qualtfymg for Home Hygiene certificates and pendant.

The Division lost, by death, Pte. H. M. 1?allford, who had served the ambulance movement for SIxteen years Early this year on January 7th, the Division lost its secretary Officer p J. Moreton, by death.

Fou; members, Div. Supt E. D Glover, Amb. Officer Pemment Staff-Sergt. R. M. Wilkinson and Corpl. H. Taylor holders of the Service Medal.

The report closes with a hope that continued assistance would be received from the general public as in the past.

BRODSWORTH.-The No.2 team of Brodsworth Main Arnbt.llance Corps won the team test in the open competi-

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tion of the Staveley Coal and Iron Company's Corp, held at Warsop on aturday, June 27th, winning the " Hodson" Challeno'e Cup from twenty-three other teams. Harworth No. 2 was second. In the individual A. Box (Rossington) won first prize, and W. (Harworth) second. The Brodsworth of Messrs. F. Brunt (capt.), c. Wyld, A. Swame,. H. Hmton. In addition to the ., Hodgson" Cup the wmners each received clocks.

NOTTINGIIALVL-The Annual Church Parade of the Nottingham Corps, with Stanton Iron Works and Eastwood Ambulance DlvlslOns, was held on Sunday, June 21st.

The Ambulance Divisions, numbenng. 146 .officers and other ranks, paraded in front of the Umverslty College, under the command of Corps Supt. A. G. Weller, accompanied by Corps Supt. S. Ibbotson, and marched to St. Peter's Church, headed by the 31st N otts Boy Scouts ffi

The Nursing Divisions, with a strength of 92 0 cers and members, under the command of Lady Mrs. E. Paling, paraded in t. Peter's Gat.c,. the Church and preceded the Ambulance Dl\' ISlOl1S Into the Church. On arrival at the Church, the parade was honoured by the attendance of Asst. Comn:issioner (\. B. Gibson, J.P., and Lady District Officer GIb on. The Service was conducted by the VIcar, the .Rev. H. V. Turner, who, in his address, welcomed the Bngade and referred briefly to the history of the Order of St. John and the beneficent work performed by the members of the Brigade, with which) as a Parish Priest, he had on many occasions come into contact.

The eliminating competition for the cc Gibson" Shield, presented by Asst. Commissioner A. B. Gibson, J.P.,. for annual competition for ambulance teams from the Nott1l1gham Corps was held on Sunday, June 14th, at the Bath Street and the Parliament treet Depot of the Transport Board.

Four teams competcd at each venue, the tests being identical, the judges being Div. Suro-eop II. herrard, Basford Division, at the Schools, and DIV. Surgeon and Supt. Major J Cohen, Radford Division, at the Depot.

The Nottingham Corporation Passe?ger Transport A, Cinderhill, Carrington and Mapperley, be1l1g the two leading teams in each case, qualified for the final, other taking part being Nottingham Central A and B, Nott1l1gham City and Sneinton.

At the final, held on June 28th) Dr. A. A. Denham, Sneinton Division, judged the work done. It was assumed the teams were on duty at an ambulance station in a seaside town and were summoned to a man who had fallen into the Dock whilst working on a ship's side. He had been removed from the water and was found lying on the dock side in an unconscious state with a head wound and fracture of right leg.

Corps Supt. A. G. Weller announced the result which was: 1st Carrington, 142; 2nd Cinderhill, 127; 3rd N ottingham Gorporation p.assenger Transport A, 11 8; 4t h Mapperley, 107.

The arrangements for the competition we r e m a de b y Corps Officer C. Lewendon (Co rp s Secretary) a n d s up e rvised by Corps Supt. A. G. Weller. The shiel d and awa rds to the winning team and runners-up will be p r esented on the 'Occasion of the annua l inspecti on of the N o ttingh am Corps.

No. VIII. ( Duke of Connaught' s ) Distr-ict.

The annual review and church parade of the Kent County Divisions was held at Ramsgate on Sunday,

June 14th, when Colonel J. T. Woolrych Perowne, V.D., T.D. (Hospitaller of the Order) and Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O.B.E., inspected over 1,700 men, women and cadets.

The inspecting officers travelled from Victoria on the 'outhern Railway, arriving a few minutes ahead of time, and were welcomed at the station by the Mayor of Ramsgate (Ald. H. Stead) and members of the Corporation, together with Commissioner E. A. Richards who intr.oduced the members of his District Staff including M.aJo.r W. II. Noble (Asst. Commissioner), Lady DIstrIct Supt. MISS Falwasser, District Secretary H. J. \Vrigglesworth, District Officers T. Potts and W. Hancox Lady District Officer Miss May and others.

A Guard of Honour composed of members of the Ramsgatc Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions was dra wn outsidc the stati.on and following the an officIal luncheon was given over which the Mayor presided.

The r-Sayor) proposing the toast of "The Brigade," recalled that five years ago the annual inspection was also held in Ramsgate. He was pleased that on the present occa ion the parade was bigger than ever, a sure proof of the O'rowth of the Order.

Coionel Perowne replied giving- particulars of the work done and dealt with the air raiel precaution scheme. Richards, in reply to "The Visitor " aId thl was the second time the Kcntish units had been 1Ilvited to visit Ram gate for their annual review and he desired to make known to the Mayor and the Burgesses of the Borough that the welcome extended was one they would never forget.

Commissioner, and incidentally a man of Kent, )'Ir. RIchards took great pride in the fact that the Brio-ade in Kent continued to grow and extcnd its Durir:g 193"" the Kentish units removed 20,1"'39 cases, coverIng 190.876 miles; attended 2,179 road accident with a mileage of 13,706. In addition thousand of hours were given function held in the County.

\Vlth regard to Ramsgate Divisions, the CommisSIOner looked upon the members as a1110nO'st the best in his District. They had carried out 832 covcr11,253 miles and attended 69 road accidents travellino' 33.1 miles. Such service, however, could not be Olrt the co-operation of the municipal authorities and polIce he .was ple<1:sed to pay tribute to the o-reat help always gIven 111 thIS dIrection in Ramso-ate.

In conclusion, Commissioner Rich:rd stated that the work in Kent was well done.

lunch the inspection took place on the St. Lawrence Cltffs followed by the march past, at which Colopel Perowne took the salute. IIeading the nurses' cont1l1ge!1 t marched the Herne Bay ursing Division team, wmners of the "Perrott" Shield for 1936.

The parade marched off to the a-rand stand where the Blshop of Dover gave an inspiring Tea. the service at numerous places, the Mayor, Ipspectmg Officers and the District Staff joininO" the at the Olympia. b Commlsslone,r RIchards took the opportunity of publJcly the Herne Bay Division on thei r SL1ccess m the Shield Competition. He thanked .the Inspectmg Officers for their support and once agam the Ramsgate authorities for their hospitality travelling facilities afforded members and thei; fa1?lites by the Southern Raihvay greatly added to the enJ oyment 'Of the day.

No. IX. District.

Nearly 500 Brigade men, women and cadets of Cornwall paraded on Sunday, June 21st, at BQclmin for the annual County Church Parade,

A I D. 9

The parade assembled at the Fair Park, under the direction of County Officer Landrey, the officers in charge of the various companies being Supt. W. Lanyon (Red ruth), W. H. Wenmoth (Liskeard) and W. Hearn (Bodmin) The Nursing Divisions and Cadet Nursing Divisions were under Lady Supt. Mrs. Townsend, by Supt. W. E. Butler (Camborne), and the Cadet DIVISIOns, under Cadet Officer W. J. Smith (Bodmin). An inspection was carried out by ex-County Commissioner E. Trounson (Red ruth), Dr. R. H. Hadfield, County Officer, Pendeen; Asst. County Commissioner W. VAl. Johnston, Truro; who were accompanied by parade officer, County Officer Landrey. The County Commissioner, Dr. W. Blackwood, was unable to be present owina- to being on leave. b

At the march past the salute was taken from the steps o E the Mayoralty by Asst . County Commissioner Johnston

The parade, headed by St. Breward Band, under Mr. R. B. Bawden, and Bodmin Town Band, under Mr. W. T. marched to Centenary Methodist Church, where a serVIce was held under the leadership of the Rev. R. R. (superintendent minister), and an address was gIven by the Rev. W T Price.

Mr. Greenslade extended a hearty welcome to the Bngade and read a letter from the Mayor of Bodmin (Col. F. M. M. Bawden) expressing regret at his inability to be present. The Mayor concluded his letter with "We shot;1d like them to know how much we' clate theIr servIces."

A collection was taken during the service for the County Benevolent Fund.

After the service the whole company marched to Coldharbour Farm where tea was served.

Coming Events.

T h e Edito r w ill be p ease d to re ceiv e pa rticula rs of fo r thcoming ev ents f o r inclusion (fr ee of cbarg e ) un de r this b eadi ng.

J ULY.

24 - R oyal We lsh Agricu ltural S how Ambulance Competition, Aberge ll.

25 -No. 1 (P r ince of Wales's) D istrict, S. l. A. B., Annual Fl ag D ay

Cent.re, S .l A.A., Annual S tretcher CompetitIon, Zoologlcal Gardens, Clifton AUGUST.

1 to 8.-N urs in g Pe rs onn el, S l .A. B., Annual Camp, R ossa ll Sch ool, near Bl ackpoo l.

to 8 -Nursing an d Ca d et Pe r so n nel P riory for Wales, Ca m p, Ba rr y I s lan d.

S EPTEMBER .

12.- Ba rn old swick Co r ps, S .l. A B., O pen Amb u lance and N ursi ng Compet itions

19 - W a k efie ld Ce n t r e, S .J. A A., CI Mi lton" Shie ld Ann ual Co mp et it io n, Wakefie ld.

The Table n of War Gases which appeared in our August, I935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to

" First Aid/' 461 Cannop-stteet, London1 E.C.4 .

Przory for Wales.

ApPOINTMENT OF PRIOR.

The Suo-Prior, the Right Han. the Earl of Plymouth, P.C., who presided at the annual meetings at the Chapter and General Assembly of the Priory for Wales held in the City Hall, Cardiff, on June 26th, announced that His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent had been appointed to the office of Prior, formerly held by His Majesty the King when Prince of Wales.

The following telegram was despatched from Chapter to the Duke's Secretary ;-

"The Sub-Prior and Members of The Chapter of the Priory for Wales, here assembled, beg to convey to Your Royal Highness their sincerest appreciation of the high honour conferred upon them by your acceptance of the office of Prior in succession to their beloved Prior when Prince of vVales ; and assure Your Royal Highness of their duty and devotion during the years to come."

During the course of the day's proceedinvs the following acknowledgment was received :-

"Please accept, and convey to the members of the Chapter of the Priory for my sincere thanks for their kind message of appreciation.

"I look forward to taking up the office of Prior for Wales in succession to His Majesty The King, and I trust that the fine work of past years will be continued in the future. "

Fitting reference was made to the passing of the revered Sovereign Head, His lajesty King George the Fifth, which had deprived the Priory of the privilege of having the heir to the Throne as Prior. During the seventeen years from the creation of the Priory in 1918 to the present, the association of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales had fructified in a development that had left no uncertain mark upon the social and philanthropic life of the Principality; and after recounting such the Earl of Plymouth moved the following resolution :-

{' That the most loyal and grateful thanks of this Chapter be accorded to its late Prior, while Prince of for his illustrious and eminent services to the Priory from 1918 to 1936 ; and that this Resolution be respectfully submitted to His Majesty."

Chapter met at 11.30 a.m., the Reverend Canon J. A. Lewis officiating; and the Executive Officers reported on their various spheres of activity. Subsequently members of Chapter in company with the Lord MayDr of Cardiff (Aldermnn G. F. Evans, J.P.) were entertained to luncheon by Lord Plymouth. In the afternoon the Lord Mayor extended a civic welcome to sixty-five members of the Order of St. John on the Roll of the Priory for Wales present at General Assembly, assuring them of the continued support of the City Corporation in the further development of the work with which he was proud to be associated in his personal capacity as Chairman of the Cardiff Centre. The Han. John H Bruce, Principal Secretary and Commissioner for \,yales, outlined various aspects of the Priory's activities, dealing with the subject of First Aid in Industry and especially mines, Air Raid Precaulions, Cadet Cam ps, and reporting on the developments in each of the nineteen Centres of the Priory. Referring to what might be considered an adequate proportion of ambulance men to the population of Wales, he pointed out that the Priory might reasonably aim at doubling its present Brigade mem bership of 12,480 to a total strength of 16,000 senior and 8,000 iunior.

The Sub-Prior invited questions or comments; and

Lady Ada Mather-Jackson, O. B. E., J. P., spoke as Lady President of the 10nmouth _ hire Nursing A sociation, on the question of 1edical Comforts Depots.

A vote of thanks to the Sub-Prior for pre iding was passed by 1\lr. Daniel Daniel, who expressed the indebtedness of the Priory to the Earl of Plymouth for his valuable contribution to its work.

\VELSII lEll'lBERS I ST. JOHN'S DAY HONOURS LIST.

On the recommendation of the Priory for \Vales, the following admissions to and promotion in the Order were approved by Chapter-General and sanctioned bv His :\Iaje ty the Sovereign Head.

As Commander (Brotlzer), jrom qtJlcer (Brotlzer).

David Martyn Evans-Bevan, J.P., Treasurer for \Vales and Commissioner of the Glamorgan ounty Centre.

Michael Cyril Oswald Hurly, L.R.C.P.l. and L.i\I., Ynyshir, Senior 1edical Officer of the Brigade in the Rhondda.

Edgar Llewellyn, ]\L B., Ch. B., CardifT, om missioner of the Cardiff Centre.

Thomas Edgar mith, Cardifr, Honorar) Architect of the Priory.

vVilliam Edmund Thomas, O. B. E., J. P., L. R P. and S., Porthcawl, member of Standing ommittee.

James !'.lacintosh \Vilson, 1\1.A., 1. B., Ch. B., Aberdare, Commissioner for Aberdare.

Sydney vVilliam, 1 R. C. S., L. R. C. P., L1anelly, A sistant Commissioner, Carmarthenshire.

OtJicer (Brother) (rom Serving Broth e r.

Robert Baird lilne, 1. D., Bridgend, Divisional Surgeon. Officer (Brotlzer).

Theodore Ashley, H. M. Divisional r nspector of lines, Swansea.

William Brynmor Davies, J.P., i.E., Cymmer, Chairman of Rhondda Centre.

Edward Gibbon, Clydach, Swansea, Honorary President, Clydach Town Division.

Charles G. Gilbertson, J.P., Pontardawe, supports local Ambulance Work.

Edward Meredith Griffith, J. P., M. D., Abercarn, Hon. Class Lecturer.

Owen Tern pIe Morris, M. P., Cardiff, H on. Treasurer of City of Cardiff Centre.

Frederick Ernest Rees, Cardiff, Director of Ed u cation, Glamorgan County Council.

Gwilym Aeron-Thomas, Swansea, Member Headquarter Committee.

Esau Arthur Williams, J. P., Pontardulais, Honorary President, Po ntardulais and District Corps.

Office?' (Sister)

The Hon Mrs. Alastair Cooper, Erwood, La d y P r esident, Brecknod:shire Centre.

Serving B1'otiter

Ivor A. Chivers, Superinten d ent, Dyfan Barry Div is ion. Glyndwr Davies, County Officer, Aherdare. Evan Edwards, Treasurer, Rhondda Fach Corps.

Captain Alfred Thomas Nea le Evans, Assistant Commissioner, Pembrokeshire.

Howell Howell, Superintendent, Cwmavon Division. . Jonathan Jefferies, Superintendent, Duffryn Aman Dlvlslon.

John Powell Jones Jenkins, i.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., County Surgeon, 10nmouthshire.

Gwilym Jones, Corp ecretary, L1ynfi Valley Corps.

Charles Gordon Mackay, 1\1. B., Ch. B., Surgeon Iwyn Corps.

Robert Henry Prolhero, ,\ssistant Commissioner, Anglesey.

George Ed\"'ard Smith, Ambulance Officer, Llaneli y

G. W. R. Division.

Sen'Lng St'ster.

Miss Daisy Cue, Lady Cadet Superintendent, L1anelly.

Miss Alice Rosser, Lady uperintendent, Cardiff ursing Division.

CO TEST FOR ROAD TRAN PORT "VORKERS.

The succe of a r\ewport leam in the first competition employed by Undertakings operalJOg In Cardd1 and dl!>tnct, made Tewport the venue for the second annual conte t, which took place in the Town Hall on \\'cdne day, June 3rd, when '\lr. J. Young: Gener?l. .\lanagcr of the Count)' Borough of ElectnClly and Tram \\ a} s Department, presided over a representatn' e as embly.

Five con iderable interest being taken 111 the practl al test which featured an accident to a bus while travelling along a counlry road with two passengers, one of whom \Va found to be ufTering from a head wound and concus ion, and the other from a fracture of the hur:,erus and clavicle of same side. The judges were A istant County ur?,eon Dr. J. P. J. Jenkins and Corps urgeons Dr. G. L. Pierce, Dr. R. . :'IIorris-Thomas and Dr. A; .\1. who awarded the following marks :_

ewporl Electnclty and Tramways Department 321 We Welsh, Auerdare, 3t6!; \Vest Omnibus Board, Blackwood, 285!; Cardiff Corporation Transport Deparlment, 280 ; Red and \Vhite Services Ltd Chepstow, 233l .,

!he Hon. - John .Bruce (Principal ecrelary and CommiSSioner for Wales) In the course of his remarks referred lo need for inleresting th?se in the goods of the transport IOdustry 111 first aid work and the Priory's proposals for working up a national competltlOn for these men in due course.

INTER-COLLIERY Ai\lBULANCE COi\lPETITIO

Eight teams drawn from the western area of the Powell I?uffryn Associated Collieries Ltd., took part in the annual contest for the" Peter HaiO' Thomas" Shield and "George Oliver" Cup, held at on Saturday, June 20th. Major A. W. Anderson M B Ch. B., Vale, and Dr. E. J. Williams: cymmer, adJudlcated; and the marks awarded were as under :-

Order of Merit.

Total. Team Captain. Marks. Naval A. Supt T. Rees 160iFerndale Corp I. J. Williams

Tylorstown No.1 Sergt. J. G. Davies 13Jt Maerdy Corpl. J Reynolds 123iTy l orstown No.2 Corpl. D H. Wi lliams

Naval B. Sergt. W. H. Newbury

Llwynypia CorpI. J. Jayne 110Brittanic Corps Officer]. Parry 10it

A large n, u mber ot guests attended the subsequent tea and presentatlO.n meetlOg at which Mr. Tudor Powell, M. E. (Agent, Cambnan P.D.A.C.) presided. He said the Company f ull y rea lt sed the value of first aid trainino' and ur ge d t h e teams to ma intai n tl>p very high of

efficiency had Mrs. T. Powell presented the Peter Halg Thomas Sllleld to tbe Captain of the Naval A handing a barometer to each member, and the George Ohv.er Cup the Ferndale team, whose members each received a wnstlet watcb

Appreciative were added by Mr. D. L. Jones, '\lanager, Cambnan Colliery, Mr. R. J. Bennett alld 1'.1r. T. B. l?assett, Inspectors of Mines; and grateful thanks to the and Directors of the Powell Duffryn Associated Ltd., a.nd to the judges were accorded on the prop.osltLOn of CaptalO T. E. Richards, J.P., M.E., Commissioner of the Rhondda Centre.

National Ro a d Pa ssenger Transport Ambulance As sociation.

The.final round of the ambulance competition held under the auspices of the above Association took place at Hudderson. Sunday, July 5th. The finalists are decided by elImlOatmg contests and the ultimate winner becomes the holder of the" Stirk" Challenge Trophy for 12 mont11s. member of the team recives a gold medal, prizes also belOg awarded the runners-up and winners of each area can test.

T.he arrangements for the competition were made by the comn,llttee of the Huddersfield Corporation Tramway and Omnibus Department, assisted by the General lanager (Mr. H. C. Godsmark), members of the Ambulance Division acting as stewards.

Those present included the :\layvr of Huddersfield, Col. Redmond (No. 4 District, S.lA.B.) Corps Supt. Haig (H uddersfield S.]. A. B.), and many officials of the Road Passenger Undertakings throughout the countr\'. H. Stansfield judged the stretcher test, each team recelvlOg the following card of instruction :-"A man driving a horse attached to a is standing on the left side of the when the horse is startled by the noise of a motor bus I? which you are travelling. He is thrown off the shafts, c1uthlOg at the shafts with his right hand. The front wheel passes over his left thigh just above the centre. The man's home is i mile away. Deal with the case. Useful questions will be answered."

The other judges were Corps Surgeon \V. O. F. Sinclair (in.dividua1 practical) and Corps Supt. Capt. H. E. Cooper (vlVa voce). Both gentlemen are members of the Birmingham " C" Corps, S.J.A. B.

The result was as follows :-1, Midland Red Motor Omnibus Co. Ltd., 3-Ht; 2, West Bromwich Corporation Transport Dept., 300k; 3, Western Welsh Omnibus Co. 28-+ ; 4, Huddersfield Corporation Tramways and OmOlbus, 283t; 5, Notts Corporation Passenger Transport, 272t; 6, ?\Ianchester Corporation Transport, 2471 ; 7, West Yorks Car Co. (Bradford), 232. The Area contest winners were Notts Curporation (Midland Area) and H uddersfieJd Corporation (Northern Area).

The 0: Huddersfield, who presented the prizes, pald a tribute to those who had taken part in the com petitIOn.

A copy of the rules governing this competition, which is open to all Road Passenger IT ndertakino-s in the United will be sent to any such upon application Mr. D Hardy (Hon. General Secretary), 129 Road, Small Heath, Birmingham. The final for 1937 wtl1 be held at Manchester during the month of July.

When you wr ite to any of o u r Adver tise r s kind ly ment ion FIRST AID It dosen 't cos t you any t h ing and it pleases the Advert isers, and Us

A 10. 13

A. J. Thomas's Modification of the Thomas Knee Splint. *

By JOHN C. STOREY, O B.E., M.B Ch.M.(Sydney), F R.C S (Eng\and), F.R.A.C S., AND A. ]. THOMAS, Superintendent, S)'dney Municipal Council Division, St. John A mbula1tce Brigade.

IT has been recognised for many years that Thomas's knee splint is the best appliance for use in fixing a fracture of the thigh for the purpose of transport. All surgeons who served in the Great War of 1914-1918 will admit the truth of the statement. For some reason the authorities responsible for the transport of injured civilians have been slow in adopting the sound principles of first aid which were the means of saving many lives and limbs of soldiers.

Through the Divisional Surgeon, Dr. A. M. Purve5, one of the writers (J.C.S.) was asked by A.J.T., Superintendent of the Sydney Municipal Council Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, to demollstrate the first aid use of Thomas's knee splint. J. C.S. showed a picked squad the method of applying the splint. The men quickly became expert in its use.

On making inquiries of the ambulance transport authorities we found that certain objections could be raised to the use of the standard Thomas splint. One difficulty is the great variation in the size of the thighs of civilians of both sexes and the resultant need for carrying many splints. Another is the unfortunate position that many of the ambulance waggons are too small to accommodate a fair-sized adult lying down with his thigh in extension on a Thomas's splint. The writers are glad to learn that an honest attempt at standardisation is being made, especially by Mr. Mitchell of the Central District Ambulance.

A.J. T. was shown the Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons (1) on the treatment of fractures. In this publication he saw a sketch of a modified splint which had been used by the American Medical Services during the War. In this sketch the top ring is replaced by a reversible half-ring. A.J. T. appreciated the advantage of this arra'ngement, having regard to the stowing of the splint and to the ease of application to the patient. He set to work to design a stable splint which could be packed into the smallest space, adapted to a thigh of any size, and capable of being fitted after application into the new standard ambulance waggon, allowing closure of its doors.

'* Reprinted from the Medical Journal of Australia.

(1) The Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons, Part II, March, 1934.

As the model developed, J.C.S. tried It In two cases of fracture of the femur in his ward at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, with the result that certain minor defects were rectified. The final desiO'n with a scheme for the standard first aid h treatment of injuries of the lower limb in general, and of fractures of the thigh in particular, was submitted by the writers to a committee of the Council of the New South Wales Branch of the British Medical Association. The committee unanimously approved the splint and the scheme.

The object of the writers is to put before the medical profession and all ambulance authorities a compact splint and a definite method of improving the treatment of injured civilians during first aid. It is thought that the new splint maintains the principles of Hugh Owen Thomas and has definite advantages. J.C.S. is satisfied that it can be adopted for use in the con tin uous treatment of a fracture in hospital or home.

large (ten inches in diameter), medium (eight and a half inches in diameter), and small (seven inches in diameter), both halves being sprayed with zinc to provide suitable friction surface and protection. The upper halves of the side bars are made of half inch bright steel tubing, the lower halves manufactured of three-eighth inch bright mild steel. Each side bar pulls in halves at its mid-point. The halves are united by means of a slot and pin and are made secure with a locking thumb-nut.

The head is permanently attached to the two upper halves, and the two ends of the lower halves have a solid cross-piece casting welded in position.

To the centre of the cross-piece is attached a small drum and ratchet, provided with a handle to pull through a Bowden wire on a double hook which slides along the side bars for extension.

A self-retaining rest fits into the ends of the cross-piece. This rest may be folded under the side bars, placed as a support, or pulled into a superior position and used as a point for slings.

Each turn of the handle pulls the sliding hook down one-sixteenth of an inch. A release pawl is provided for the ratchet.

The whole splint (Figure 1), with accessories, fits into a canvas bag two feet five inches long and one foot five inches wide and three inches thick when closed.

(To be contz"ntted.)

Ol'del' of St. Joh n.

The annual festival of the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem was held on St. John's Day, June 2·Hh. The anniversary service, conducted by the Rev. L. ]. Sub-Dean of His 1ajesty's Chapels Royal, was held in the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell. The Right Rev. Palmer, a Sub-Prelate of the Order, preached the sermon.

The half-circle head of the splint is made of flat mild steel, three-quarters of an inch by one-eighth of an inch on edge, well padded with cow hair and covered with bag leather. The flat mild steel allows the half circle to be narrowed or widened as required by the size of the patient's thigh, and the thick padding assures a soft pressure on the tuberischii. The head works on a swivel joint on each upper end of the side bars. Each flange is provided with a fixation pin attached to a short chain.

The inner end of a stout strap is fixed to a metal" D II so that the strap can be renewed without interference with the padding. The outer end fits into a buckle, so that the anterior half of the head can be adjusted to any size.

Each splint is provided with three heads j

After inspecting a guard of honour composed of men from No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District, under the command of Captain A. C. White Knox, l\1.c., M.B., Asst. Commissioner, H R. H. The Duke of Connaught (The Grand Prior), and other members of the Chapter General walked in procession from the Chancery at St. John's Gate to the Chu{'ch. the service a new altar frontal designed and executed In embroidery and applique by Miss M. Garford, a Dame of Grace of the Order, for the Grand Priory Church was dedicated.

After the service the Grand Prior presided at the General Assembly of the Order which was held in the Chapter Hall.

Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson, Secretary-General, and Director of the Ambulance Department, Colonel Woolrych Perowne, Chairman of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem, Major-General Sir John Duncan Chief Commissioner of S.J .A. B. at Home, and Colonel J. L: Sleeman, Chief Commissioner for S.] .A. B. Overseas, reported on the work of their respective departments during the year.

Col. Sleeman gave a brief account of the Visitations by him under the 0rand Prior's mandate in the Precept?nes for Southern Afnca and New Zealand and his inspecbon of the Order's establishments and activities in Australia Colombo, and Malta.

The E arl of Scarborough (Sub-Prior) expressed the pleasure of the members of the Order that the Grand Prior was able to be present.

The Grand Prior in reply said it gave him great pleasure preside over the General Assembly. He had been greatly Impressed by the favourable reports of the work of the various departments of the Order during the past year, and he wished the Order and all those responsible for its many activities continued prosperity during the years to come.

Police Ambulance News.

METROPOLITAN.

On July 1st, the" F" Division Inter-Station ambulance competition for the" Toms" Cup was held at Paddenswick Road Section House. The judge was Captain F. E. Bendix, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., who officiated in the team and individual tests.

Five teams competed, the winning not taking part, and some good work was witnessed by Supt. Varney, Chief Inspectors Briggs and Shephard, Sub. Di·... Inspectors Parramore and Hill. P. S. 'Vheatley, captain of the "National" team, was the competition secretary.

In the team test the patient had fallen heavily to the ground from a speaker's stand and competitors found him insensible with a fracture of left tibia, with wound, haemorrhage from nose, a fracture of right clavicle and also suffering from shock. The individual tests were: Nos. 1 and 3 had to deal with with man suffering from dislocation of right elbow and scald of left arm; Nos. 2 and 4 ha.d to treat an insensible man who had sustained a bruise on forehead, bauly crushed foot, with wound, and concussion.

At the completion ef the tests Supt. Varney announced the results as follows: 1, Kensington B, 149; 2, Kensington A, 124 3, Chiswick, 111 ; 4, Notting Hill, 108t; 5, Hammersmith, 102t. Novices Individual: P.C. 's Hudson and Lake (Nos. 1 and 3 Kensington B team).

Supt. Varney presented the prizes and extended thanks to Capt. Bendix for judging, to the stewards for their great assistance, and to the patients. The competition was, he said, run with the object of getting together a team wbich would be able to replace the Championship team when the time came for the present members to stand down.

Capt. Bendix congratulated the competitors on the standard of their work. It was essential that the examination of a patient be made carefully. He saw no reason why with practice they would not be good enough to compete for the II Pim " trophy.

-----.

_.

The Preston Corps of the S.J .A. B. held a church parade at Longridge on Sunday, June 28th. Corps Supt. E. F. Millington was in command, assisted by other Corps Officers. The Vicar of Longridge (the Rev. C. W. W. Bramley) preached the sermon.

Three hundred ambulance men and nurses paraded at Evesham on Sunday, July 5th, for the annual inspection of the South Worcestershire Corps, S.] .A. B. The inspecting officer, Major J. Orton, took the sualute, and later the Divisions gave a display of practical work.

FIG. 1.

Razlway Ambulance News.

Gre at Western.

HOIOURS.-Following recommendations made by. the Great \tVestern Railway Central Ambulance Com1'TIlttee, the undermentioned members of the staff have. been admitted to the Order .of St. John of Jerusalem m the grades shown:Officer: Mr. \tV. H. J. Daniell, Fore?lan Shunter, Traffic Department, Gloucester (from Servmg Brother).

Serving Brothers: F. Overbury, Clerk, Department, Hockley (DIV. Ambulance Secretary, Blrmingham Division); Mr. L. M. Starr, Oerk, Goods Department, Cheltenham; Mr. A. Copsey, Passenger Guard Traffic Department, Stratford-on-Avon; Mr. F. Male, 'Foreman, Traffic Department, Martock;

The Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order has been awarded to Messrs. R. G. Nodder, late Div. Ambulance Secretary, Plymouth, Mr. E. M. Lewis, Swind.on, and Mr. W. E. Winter, of Neyland, the last havmg been awarded on the recommendation of the Pnory for Wales.

BARMOUTH.-About forty members and guests assembled at the Lion Hotel, Barmouth, on J une on the occasion of the annual dinner and presentatlOn of awards to the Barmouth Junction ambulance class. Mr. D. Spurrell Davies, Asst. Traffic Manager, presided and dist.ributed the awards, congratulatmg the recipients on thelf success. The of Central Wales ambulance division was, he sald, an envIable one, for at the recent census taken of ambulance workers on the railway, the figures for Central \yales we.re highest of the whole line. Of all exerCIses posslble 111 leisure hours ambulance work was surely the most commendable, for it was so unselfish. ,

The awards included a gold bar for twenty years efficiency to Mr. H. T. Lewis. Dr. J ..Pugh Jones, .lecturer, was presented with a cheque by ,Slr Charles on behalf of the class members. SIr Charles, p.aY111g tribute to Dr. Pugh Jones' services, said he see an ambulance class in every village and a divIslon 111 every town. Dr. Pugh Jones who proposed the toast of St. John Ambulance Association, said it :was most essentIal in these days that railwaymen and pollee should be prepared for every emergency by being qualified to render first aid.

An excellent concert programme was rendered dunng the evening.

SWINDON.-To mark his thirty-one years' association with the Swindon G.W.R. Divisional Committee of the St. John Ambulance Association, .Mr. W. Watts, who. is shortly retiring from railway serVIce, w.as presented WIth a pair of opera glasses on behalf of hIS c.olleagues at a gathering recently held at Park I:I0use, SW111don. !vir. G. Culling, who made the presentatlOn, referred to. long and happy association with Mr. Watts, and saId It wa's doubtful whether there was an older member of the Order of St. John at Swindon.

Mr. Watts obtained his first aid certificate in 1890 at Ilkeston and joined the Swindon ambulance class in 1897 He has been a member of the Divisional Committee since 1900 and a member of the Swindon Division of the Brigade since its inception, the post of honorary treasurer since 1924. He recelVed, 111 1921, the honour of

Servl11g Brother of the Order of St: John recognition of his services, and also holds the Com pan) s gold medal for twenty-five years' effiCIency.

Ambulance workers throughout the Great "'!e tern Railway will have special reason to regret U:e retirement of Mr. J. F. Lean, O.B.E., Principal A Slstant to the General Manager, for since the year 191J he ha been Chairman of the Central Amhulancl: Committee and regarded as " father" of the movement.

FIR S T

Geneflal Manager, and it is pleasing to be able to report that he has also accepted the Chairmanship of the Central Ambulance Committee vacated by Mr. Lean.

In the triennial appointments to the Committees of the Order of St. John, Mr. Adams Oarke has accepted membership of the Association and Ambulance Committees in succession to Mr. W. G. Chapman, late Centre Secretary, who has been a member since 1925. In this capacity he will represent the interests of the Great Western Railway and its employees.

London , Mid l a nd a nd Scottish.

For the third time since the inception of the competition Crewe, 1lachine hop, \\ on the International Ambulance Contest. This year's event was held at Euston on June 25th, "'hen three English and three Scottish teams competed.

The j udg-es wert Dr. T. ]. Coakley, of Liverpool (team), Dr.. \V. II. of Gla go\\' (individual), and Dr. T. C. D. \Vatt, of Glag-ow (oral).

The team test dealt \\ ith a motor accident in which the captai.n of llstaincd a severe cut on right palm; \\'h11 t the mdlvl(jual and ,<,iva. voce well tested the kno\\'ledO'c of the competitors.

Mr: <;:;. L. Darby<;hire pre ided at the subsequent prize pre entatIOn _ and .thanked , ir J o<;iah tamp, President of the tor hIS attendance at the gathering to present the awards.

Sir Josiah said the conte t \\as the culmination of a series of ambulance test which had stimulated the keenne s and zeal of every branch of the Company's staff, and day th ey had een the attainment of ambulance work

AID. 15

Sir Josiah presented the chalJange cup and individual prizes, congratulating the competitors on the splendid efforts.

Among those who witnessed the competition was Mr. E. G. H. Lemon (Vice-President), Sir Percival Wilkinson (Secretary-General, Order of St. John), Col. D. J. Mackintosh and Mr. James H. H. Henderson (Chairman and General Secretary, respectively, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association), Mr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary St. John Ambulance Association), Mr. A. C. Harris, Miss Mervyn, Capt. W. Goodley (Secretary G.c. and G.E. Ambulance Centres), and others. Mr. G. S. Hill was the competition secretary.

HEADSTONE LANE.-On June 23rd the third annual London District Goods Managers Ambulance Competition was held at Headstone Lane. Eleven teams entered for the team test and forty-three for the individual competition.

The judges were Dr. Rosefeld (stretcher), Dr. D. Walker and Mr. Workman (individual) in the team competition, and Messrs. Winfield, Woodgate, Jordan, Calder and Hopkins in the individual. Mr. Milburn (District Secretary) was responsible for the arrangements.

In addition to the ambulance competitions cricket, ladies' and children's sports, tug-of-war, etc., were enjoyed by the large number present.

Mr. Castleman, London District Goods Manager presided at the prize distribution, supported by' Mrs. Castleman, Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Harris, Miss Mervyn and many London Goods Agents.

The Chairman welcomed the large gathering. The total number of competitors was ninety-eight and. the work done had been well done. He hoped that a Goods team would eventually gain the first position in the London final.

Mr. Milburn announced the results as follmn: Team test: 1, St. Pancras, 154!; 2, Commercial Road A 153' 3, Broad Street A" 141. Individual test: 1, Miss 105; 2, CockIngs, 90. The third prize was awarded ta the hIghest first year member, Miss Allenby, with 87 marks.

Mrs. Castleman presented the prizes also the " Castle.man" trophy to Mr. Kirkham, of This trophy IS awarded to the indiyidual knock-out competition held previously.

Votes of thanks were extended to Mr. and Mrs. to the judges, and others who had assisted 111 makmg the event so successful and enjoyable.

Mr. J. F. Lean, O. B. E.

Mr. Lean has had forty-nine years' service with the Great Western Railway and may be said to have. entered the ambulance arena in 1919 when he was appomted as Chief Clerk to the General Manager, .since. when he been a familiar figure at staff functl.ons m cO.nnectl ?n with the movement throughout the raIlway. HIS personality and sympathetic attitude towards the first aId movement endeared him to ambulance w'Orkers, and no one was more jealous of G.W.R. ambulance prestige or displayed keener interest in the dissemination of first aid knowledge among the staff.

It will be recalled that m recogmtlOn of hIS serVIces to the ambulance cause Mr Lean was created an Officer of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 1931, and was among those selected to receive his insignia at the hands of His Late Majesty King George V.

Mr. Hervey Adams Clarke, who has been closely associated with Mr. Lean in connection with staff and ambulance matters on the Great Western Railway for many years, has been appointed Staff Assistant to t h e

L.l\1.S.

International.

Sir Josiah Stamp presenting the Championship Bowl to Cre\-ve (Machine Shop) Team

at. its very highest. It was a matter of gratification to thInk that were now no fewer than 24,000 workpeople qualIfied to engage in the highest degree of work on the Company's system, and the r e was actiVIty connected with the L.M S. that gave the Glrectors and management greater satisfaction.

result was as follows; I, Crewe Machine MachIne Shop, 26H; 2, Bushbury, 3 Moss End' 4, Bridgeton, 5, Mayfield, 215; '6, Polmadie;

London and North Ea stern.

The tenth annual L.N.E.R. International Competition was held at York on June 12th. Parkeston and Tuxford the English teams, Dunfermline and Eastfield and CowlaIrs, the Scottish.

The judges were Capt. A. C. White Knox, of London (team), and·Dr. W. H. Scott, of Glasgow (individual).

Those who watched the teams at work included Mr Hornsby (Div. General Manager, York), Mr. C. M: JenkIn Jones (Supt. N.E. Area), Mr. S. T. Burgoyne Manager), Mr. G. Sowerby, Dr. McBride (MedIcal Officer), Mr. James H. H. Henderson (General Secretary, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association), Mr. W. R. Ferguson, Mr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary, St. John Ambula?ce Association), the Centre Messrs. BeverIdge, Wright, Goodley and. SmIth, WIth Mr. Cooper (N.E. Area) as competition secretary.

FIRST

Mr. Hornsby presented the shield to the Parkeston team who w e re successful for fourth time. Tuxford were Dumfermline third} and Eastfield and Cowl airs fourth.

Both judges addressed the competitors, being agreed that the work done had been very well done. Capt. White Knox was greatly impressed by the smart method used in loading ambulance by the Scottish teams.

At the luncheon which followed Mr. Hornsby welcomed the visitors. He expressed his admiration of the enthusiasm of the Company's staff for the ambulance movement. The North Eastern Area had during the present session gained 2 ,675 awards} with thirty-four first class results still to come in. Mr. Hornsby thanked the doctors for their services as judges and especially welcomed Messrs. Ferguson and Henderson of the St Andrew's, and Mr. D. G. Monteith of the St. John Ambulance Associations. He also thanked Mr. Cooper , who had done so w e ll as the competition secretary.

The judges} Messrs. Ferguson, Henderson and Monteith, briefly replied thanking Mr. Hornsby and the Company for the h o spitality extended to them.

Twelve teams competed at Retford on Saturday, June 13th, for the "Machlure" Challenge Cup, open to t e ams from the Great Central Section.

Dr. Cou t ts Wood (BulweU) and Dr. A. A. Hope ( Byfi e ld) were the judges, their awards being 1st Tuxford, 271 2, Northwich, 24n; 3, Langwith, 246!.

The Mayor of Retford (Councillor W. Clark) a railway ambulance man} presided at the tea and welcomed t he visitors.

The Mayoress presented the prizes.

The presentation of awards at Whitby took place 011 June 26th, Mr. F. H. Tetley, Stationmaster} presenting the awards.

Dr. Baines , junior class lecturer, was the recipient of a cigarette casket and cigarettes presented by the class to mark his recent marriage.

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Reviews.

BAILLIERE'S NURSES' COI\lPLETE IEDICAL DICTIONARY.

Revised by Margaret Hitch, S R. N., in collaboration with Charles F. Marshall, l.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.S. London: Bailliere Tindall & Cox. Pr£ce JS.

It must be a source of gratification to all concerned that a new (and sixth) edition of this Dictionary, which was first published in 1912, has been called for after an inter\'al of only fifteen months. Consequently 1iss Hitch, who was responsible for the fifth Edition, has taken advantage of the opportunity of re\' ising the book completely, of making new entries to the extent of some 1,050, and of adding three new Appendices (Abnormalili(;s in Urine, Ga es used in Chemical Warfare and Methods of giving drugs), while the Dictionary now contains 145 illustrations to the text.

The present issue, like its predecessors, i easily carried on the Nurse's person and is warranted not to make an unsightly bulge in the region of the patch pocket of her uniform. It is comprehensive, correct and concise; and it is printed in clear type on excellent paper. The main part of the book i composed of a Dictionary of Medical Terms, arranged in alphabetical sequence and in each instance a ccompanied by hints as to the true pronunciation and the book end with 13 useful Appendices, each of which deals with orne ubject of vital importance to the nurse.

While the practical value of the book has been much improved by the inclusion of additional matter belween its main part and also in its Appendices, special care has been taken to avoid undue increase in its bulk. This has been accomplished by the deletion of certain item whicb are no longer of importance to the modern nurse and yet the net increase is 84 pages.

In these circumstances readers of FIRST AID and especially those who undertake voluntary duty in London and the Provinces will be well advised to equip themselves with this, the latest edition of Bailliere's Nurses' Medical Dictionary which at all times and especially in emergencies will prove an interesting and an instructive companion.

WARWICK FIRST AID TO AND TUNSTALL'S INJURED AND ICK

Edited by F. C. Nichols, M.e., M.B., Ch.B., Divisional Surgeon, St. John A mb1da1lce Brigade. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, Ltd. Price 2S. 6d. net.

First published in 1901, this well-known and popular manual of first aid is now in its 15th edition, of which the chief alteration is in the greatly increased space given to the chapter on Gas Poisoning in War/are. As the editor rightly states, this subject has recently become a matter of national importance. Hence this chapter has been entirely re-written and furnished with illustrations which embody the latest expert views upon gas precaution and the treatment of casualties; and being based on the official Air Raid P1'ecautions Handbook it is authoritative.

As in previous editions the manual is divided into two main parts. In the first the essential facts of the anatomy and physiology of the human body are set out accurately and so that the student can acquire a thorough

knowledge of the structure and functions of the normal healthy person. In the seco.nd part instruction begins with the use of ; the tnangular being described first as the more sUltable for improvisation; and it is followed by tl:e trea.tment of blee?ing !'J nd wounds, and of fractures and thes.e being the injuries for which in an emerskdled aSSIstance is most frequently and most urgently mdt<;:ated.. Next. follows the treatment of asphyxia in conit is. noteworthy that the manual still perSIsts m ItS of the name of "Silvester."

:r hen , careful in the handling of cases of and of the vanous local injuries, there follows an admIrable chapter on Trans-nort 0' Sick and Iniu d .

I I lb" r 'J 'J r e In w llC 1 t le su Ject dealt WIth from every conceivable anale?n land and by raIl, sea and air. In cidentally, it is Ing to note that.the recommend thRt patient's suffering from fracture-dl locatIOn of the spine s hould be removed as found and who have been s everely burned should ?e WIth a vIew to their subsequent treatment in an InstItutIOn by the tanni c acid method.

!he draws to a close with a c hapter on COlJlp ehlzon TT ork will be useful to those commencing lhis bra.nch of fir a Glossary of T erms which will be of great asslstan.ce JunIor tudents; and it ends with a very comprehenSIve lll?ex rn sh.ort, on ce again we w e lcome TVarwz ck

Tunstall s Flrst A Id which, in our opinion should b gIven a place in the librarie of all keen readers of FIRST

THE lA EUR'S CO:\IPANIOi'\.

By Arthur J. Bowman, 1. I.e. I'll. London: The Ac tinic Press Lld.

Pr/ce 4 S. n et.

useful little book is the re ult of a WIde practical and is olTered a a book of reference to all interested n the art. of massage It presents in a form, which is not too a co ncise survey of the medical and sur ical fondlltlons amenable to massage, while it explains the or t le treatn:ent advocated. Neatly printed on good paper the book, fits the pocket comfortably, includes blank for additIOnal notes whereby opportunity is given for stor.Ing accumulatin/? fu;-ther information; and it is WIth an alphab:tlcal Index 'which facilitates immelate reference to the varIOUS conditions. Trulu the bool . to be co d d' J <: IS d mmen e SInce It accomplishes what its author eSlres.

The annual inspection of the Dorset S JAB I ld on S d ., was le T un ay, J 28th, at Blandford, Col. C. J. Ellis, e.l\1. G., D., was the mspecting officer.

'3 E

FOUND.-At Colchester, Silver Labels No. 138221 for the years 1919 and 1924. Owner can obtain same from Cg,pt S W Goodley, Centre Secretary, L. N. E. R., Liverpool tahon, E. C. 2.

31 E'

The S.urrey branch of the British Red Cross Society held Inspection, drumhead service and competitions at rkIng on Sunday, June 28th. The Bishop of Croydon the address at the drumhead service, and the Lord 1 of Surrey (Lord Ashcombe) inspected the six lu t n red members of Detachments on parade and took sa ute at the march past.

Ambulance from News Cuttings the Press.

The Editor invites to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general mterest for inclusion in this column.

RARE CAUSE OF FRACTURE.

While cooking a meal Mrs. Susan Benstock (aet 65), of Stepney, E. , suddenly felt her leg become fixed, and could not move. She was found to have fractured the left femur, and died later.

At the inguest yesterday, a doctor said !\Irs. Benstock was :'In extremely hea vy woman, and her weight would make her lIable to such a fracture.-Sunday Pictor£al.

MISTOOK IODINE FOR WHISKY

. Mrs. Ellen t\nn Street, aet 93, took a fatal dose of whIch she had mlstaken for whisky.

Her son stated at the inquest at St. Pancras yesterday that he always left his mother some whisky in the when he went to work, as it did her a lot of good. There was a!so a bottle of iodire, which was used to treat her a fall some time ago. It was left on the mantelpiece. O? I\1.aY.23 she was found groaning on the floor and covered WIth IOdIne.

A of "A c cidental death" w'as recorded.-MornIIlg Adve rtlse r.

LUCKY, VVHEN UNLUCKY.

" T\vo-a?d. Marian, daughter of the Lu.cky Wtlsons, of St. Clement-street, Islington, is in recovering from shock and bruises, which she sustaIned afte; she had fallen head first nearly 30 ft. from a top-floor wmdow at her home on to the flagstones.

J:Ier !all was broken wben she ligbtly struck a man standtng 111 the yard. previously in the last nine months members of the famdy. have narrowly escaped death. Her father, Mr. vVdson, was with another man when several tons of bricks fell. on them ,!,he otber man was killed, but he escaped 'With an arm Injury. -Daily Sketch

RISKED LIFE ON LIVE RAIL.

A young BootIe policeman risked his life last night in an unsuccessful attempt to save the life of a 10-year-old bo who st.umbled across.the live rail of the L.M.S. railway beiween LIverpool and Atntree.

The was playing with his brother when he rushed on the !tne to recover a stick, stumbled and fell ac the live rad. ,ross George Delgarno, who was in his home off dut immediately dashed out, flung his coat on the 0' d tY 'd I 1 t->roun 0 avol a s lOC <: and pulled the bov's body off tIle l' '1 Da£ly Sk etclt. J Ive ral.-

. A party for the ambulance officers of the DerbyshIre DiVISIOns, S.J.A.B., and their wives and friends, took place at The Hayes, Swanwick, Alfreton, on Saturday, July 4th. The party was arranO'ed by the Asst Co b. mmlsSlOner .for. Derbyshire (Mr. H. C. Chambers, of Beighton) .DlstrIct Officer Goodwin, of Chesterfield. The CommISSIOner for the (1r. S. W. Malkin, of Cheadle) addressed the gathenng.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULAN C E SISTER.

No.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

No. 69 (S. Ry. CORPS SOUTHERN) NURSING DIVISION.

-The awards gained by members of this Division at various competitions and examinations were presented at a gathering held at the Clarendon Road Church Hall, Lewisham, recently, when a display of First Aid and Home Nursing- was given.

One interesting feature of the evening was a tableau representing the different kind of work done by members of Nursing Divisions, while Lady Div. Supt. l\1iss Pear ce brought the house down with her acting in "Granny goes shopping."

The members were honoured on this o ccas ion by the presence ot their President and Vice-President, Mrs. Webb and Mrs. Hayes, who each presented their silver cup to the successful competitors. Other awards were presented by :\lrs. McCaffrey and Lady District Officer Miss Grindley.

There were many friends and spectators present, among whom were Corps Officer W. Miller and Supt. C. E. Harrison.

No. 2 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.

A bed-making competition between pairs from Nursing Divisions in Gloucester and Cheltenham was held at Gloucester recently, the judge being Sister Tutor Denley, of the Gloucester Royal Infirmary.

Tbe chair was taken on this occasion by irs. A. G. Randall, who was supported by Lady County Officer Miss D. Faber, and Lady Div. Supts. Miss Caruthers-Little (Cheltenham) and Miss E. Chambers (Gloucester).

The results were: 1, Cheltenham; 2, Cheltenham Centre; 3, Gloucester.

The cup, the generous gift of Mr. Caruthers-Little, was kindly presented to the winners by Mrs. Randall.

No. 5 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. NOTTINGHAM CORPs.-Through the kind co-operation of Miss German, of the Nottingham Education Committee, Domestic Science Dept., a course of instruction in Field, Camp and Invalid Cookery for members of Nursing Divising of the Nottingham Corps was recently held at Nottingham. It was followed by an examination for the St. John Ambulance Association Certificate in this subject.

Nineteen candidates took the examination, sixteen successfully passing the tests, which was a very salisfactory result, especially as it was the first course in this subject to be held in Nottingham for members of the Brigade.

The certificates gained were presented at the Nottingham Education Office by Miss German on Friday, June 19th, the recipients being highly congratulated on their successes.

WOMBWELL NURSING DIVISION -At the competitions held on Saturday, June 27th, at Denby Dale, a team from Wombwell Nursing Division was awarded first place and the" Bagden Hall " Cup, given by Mrs. Norton.

Through the kindness of Capt. Brownhill, the tests were stage in the grounds of Oakfields, Denby Dale.

Mrs. W. Sandys, of York, kindly presented the cup to the winners, together with Jacobean glassware to each member of the team-Mrs. Jenkinson (leader), Mrs. Whittaker, Mrs. Skidmore and Miss Palmer.

The nineteen Voluntary Ai.d Detachments of the British Red Cross Society in ottinghamshire, paraded at Highfields University, lott ing-ham, on Saturday, June 13th, for Annual Rally and Inspe c tion, and were honoured by the presence of Her Royal Highne ss the Princess Royal, who was accompanied by Col. G. G. Tabut ea u, D (Northern Command), Dame Beryl Oliver, and Irs. Doyne. Col. J. Jardine, the County Director, presented the D etachme nt Command ers to Her Ro ya l Hi gh nes

Following the inspection, an interesting- c remony took place in the main hall. His Grace the Duk e of Portland had given Colours to the Nottin g ham sbire Branch, and these were dedicated by the Bi5h0p of outhwelJ. The two S€.nior Commandants of the ounty, l\1iss Pendleton and 1\lrs. Torrance, hand ed the Colours to the Prince Royal, 'who gave them to the Colour P a rty con isling of Harbidg-e, Ii s los, liss Gordon and two sectio n lead e r s. Harbidge was in cha rge, and the preci ion and martness of the squad called for general admiration.

Th e ceremony of dedication and pre entat ion of 01ours was followed by the presentation of cu p and medals, and speeches by His Grace the Duke ot Portland and the Lord layor l'lf Nottingham

The occasion lost some of its pectacular value by bing held indoors owing to the bad weather, but the rain ceased in time for all the detachm ents to proceed out of door for the march past.

After this, the detachments paraded in the west park, where they formed up with the Colour Party and were then dismissed.

V.A.D. INSPE CTIONS

Following the recent display by the Croydon Ambulance Division of the .J .A. B. of the use of gas masks in an air raid, the women members of the Surrey 146 Voluntary id Detachment of the British Red Cross Society (Croydon, Purley and Coulsdon Division) were seen similarly equipped and ready for action at their annual War Office Inspection held at Croydon, on Wednesday evening, June 17th.

A mock air raid took place, but the members were also seen engaged in infant welfare, massage and the training of probationers.

For the raid, a smoke bomb was exploded in the grounds, and" casualties "-members of the 22nd Croydon B. P. Scouts-were to be seen on all sides. First aid was rendered on the spot; stretcher bearers removed the " patients" and wounds were immediately re-dressed by the nursing members in a model hospital ward.

Gas-ma£ked members of the detachment meanwhile stood by in case of need, and a gas proof room, of the type suggested for use in any ordinary house, was ready.

Sixteen members of the Detachment belong to the air ambulance section, their duties being to fly in attendance on patients. There are three Surrey air ambulance detachments based on Croydon and Hanworth, each comprising two pilots, three mechanics and two engineers.

The Inspecting Officer was accompanied by Colonel L. F. Renny (County Controller and Assistant County Director) and Miss Turner (County Secretary and Assistant County Director). Colonel E. M. Cowell (County Director), Colonel and Mrs. J. Crimmin, Mr. D. O. Rawling (Divisional Secretary) and Mrs. Rawling, Captain and Mrs. W.

______________

Droolnl, Ald. alld 1\lrs. F R ees I) 0

( :\1 c.I' I Or-,- f ' r. fo en Jus P bl "

1(:a, Icer 0 Jlcalth, Croydon) and ,\Irs. IIolden,

('ll Ig-, :'Ilr. and l\ lr s. G. E. Ives, and l\lr. and Mrs (172nd

J. T. Quarterman werc al"o precnt.

I ',_ thc on parade afterwards, the 2/6

. n Ofll cc r that it gave him great pleasure to NET. Postage 3d. an ,-·rTil'ient detachment. lIt! referred 't WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S :lll e,\cL'ptlona! c.ktachment also, on the ground that " FIR

111 f()r e\ er) thJJ1g of thc \'Cf\. latest suell' as b I 1 II J, < a r a 111 U an ce

tOI'::. e cO I-dl<t1ly lhankedthe Commandant 1\li s Prest TO THE INJURED &. SICK. .or all .the trouhle she had taken in with tIle' An Advanced Ambulance Handbook Insrectloll Ill' t1so 'd tl' I Edited by F. C. NI HOLS, ;\1.(,;., .\1.B, Ch.B., L.I{.C.P. L n s I' <. sal l <lt tlC equlrmenl of the ward" late Capt. I{.A T. ) , .• k'n.t, congratulated the nurses on the 1""I'epara- One of th t (1011 of II1\alld dlel'). < e 1110S concise \\-'o rl-{s on the subject pub- lIshed at a popular price. "-.F/rst id Journal.

Rcnny addl'd Ilis congratulation, referrin specl,lIl) .to appearance of the detachment on pa ad g S12'e" FIR.ST

AID" WALL DIACRAMS

lI e de cnbed It a "di tinctl), ""ood e' r h I b r e. (2ft 2 b 3 f 4' of the count,." Ir e y apu\'e the in the b 1l1ba \ tn. ) Enlarged from the Illustrations t' , I , 1 IS rest on C a ove n 00. Invaluable for Lectures & Classes. dll of hcrdetacllllll'llt, whi c h had so greatly increaseu of pl9 sheets on cartridge paper, with tIll' past) l'ar. Ad' net. ost 9d., or onLlOen 70 - net. Post 1 -. d tIL YOLl to be in e"ery way a keen and happy R dOPcted by t?e War Office, the Admiralty and the British c ,lC ll11cnt, said olonel Renn\ "and I Id e ross SOCIety, etc. lrrL'ate r con1pll'll1"llt tll,'lll tl1,"t." " cou not pay a "W II ,.., " i be (ound most use(u Th d

jects have been selected with e ,agrams are clear and goo d, and the sub·

-:;-BRITISH MEDICAL May be confidently recommended."

Well selected (or their purpose II trouble." -HOSPITAL. wi certainly save the Lecturer much

\Icmbers of Ken l 5) \ \ 0 d \I r· S P J - '" , un er the com mand of ". -. on, Were IIhlwdcd at Bi'Tgin Ilill aerodrome on :\Ionucl}, June 22nd, b, Cl)1 F :\ I· D' urn'" I • .... a ), Irector of the II cctll)n 01 till Royal Herh ert IIosrital \Y ooh" I I l ,:a5 accon.lpanil'd h} l l) l. Pyc.l)li,er and :'IIi s B It,,cl'f tlL ounl.\' Dlrecturate. a en 0 and ;i of rOl)nlS haJ. heen transformed into a hospital \\ a ... ,)f case" after a g-ilS allack frolll l-he

, ("t1:- e:-;pre5 .... pleasure ",ilh all he llad seen and :' ciS pdrt,cularly pll'acd to ee that tl Illlprm ised. le C'ljulpment ",as

Lad} Camdcn, Prl "iJl'r.t of Kent \' \ 0 . . Jlledals and bars gained by members

V \. D. IIf'rt 8 (Walford) paraded on aturd ()th, at the Girls' Grammar School \\ fda). June cO':,lll1a nd of Commanc.lant :\Iiss \-\'eall f 0: ' under the OOlce In pection. There \\'a .' or lelr annua l \V ar full tn:nglh of 30. onl) one ab entee from the \ demonstration of first aid treat from enemy gas bombs wa (r', (1l1lent to c.asualties those \\'ho sa\\' it ,rai ned :-..lc.I\cn In t le g)'l1lna lum, and war. ;-:,< some I ea of the horrors of a future

\Vitllin G seconds of tile I warning, a sljuad . d WIll gas set to work alle\'iatillO' - equlppe the len victims of the raid TI t> the ufTerings of to'> Y f <. le patients were tran 11 t d c< gas-proo shelter, where first aid was or e traccs of gas removed. rendered and all

Other mem bers of the d I home nursing. etac ll11ent were examine d in

Major Routh, the]11 e t' om parade on its efficiency : lcer, congrat ulated the the anti-gas trainin o had b Slll31 tla l and sai d that Col - S :-,' cen we gIven.

G . J. .' Dunne, County Orcraniser B R S ough, Medical Officcr of the d ....., Dr. S. Borough 1\ledical Officcr f H etac hment, Dr. VV. J. Cox, were among those IJr esent tl Lady Knutsford '. c: le InspectIOn.

Items (Divisional news and com " II1g duti es, lectures (,lC) f tl petitIOns, social, interestAmbulance Sister T'I EOdr liS page should be sent to 'I le" Itor FIRs- A 4 st reet, London, E.C.4. 1 10, 6, Cannon-

Tlll'rd Edition. Cro'zo1l 81.'0. 3'"? ;)- pp. 5s. net / postage 5d.

IDEAL HEALTH

OR TIlE LA\\'S OF LIFE llEALTH

By Alexander Bryce 1\1 D C:\l GI D P H C II' as., ... antab.

The bGok wIll ser\'e admirabl' b 10 k g,uide its r:aders to "as written, e 00 h well \\ nnco '. sbo lJ f .' people altke. "_ ,l/.-dical p, css'alld use ul to practItIOners and lay JOHN WRIGHT & SONS Ltd., BRISTOL

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Compiled by JO SEPH WILLIAM WALMSLEY, Blackburn Borough Police (Serving Brother, Order of St. John). diagrams illustrating the Skeleton & Arterial

Pressure. 5 & 6 RED LION SQUARE, LONDON, W.c.\.

Po li c e Review Publishing Co., Ltd.

INSPECTION BY H. R. H. TilE PRIN CESS ROYAL.

Que ries and Ansvv ers to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

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3.- The Textbook, to which refe' er;ce n:') 1 e n :.ce in tLis col un n is the 38th lI928) Edition ofS.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

WITH CO:\I:Ill:-\l'TED

,\. L. (Cre\ye).-I n a recent Brig-ade Cl1l11pl:tition I applied extension to a Comminuted Fracture of tilt! Leg, and my action cost our team 1U marks. I will appreciate your "iews 011 this po' nt, because, in the of a fradure \\'ith fragmcnt - protruding-, \\ e are definitel\' Lold not t(1 appl) thoug-h there i::, 110 such '\\·i.uning- with a cOIllIllinutLd fracturc. J ha\'L' alwa\'s understood Ruk 5 (pp. 5() and 57 of Textbook) tn be applicable to all tractures, the unly exception being, as it when the fraClure is COllllJuund and the bone protrudes.

Your action being strictly in accordance \\'ith thc instructions of the Textbook, then on "wr of facts am forced to the conclu"iot1 that penalty was unjust!) imposed on your team.-N. CORBET FLETCIIER.

HOWLEIL

D.S. (East Ham). III a recent exall1inatillll till' surgeullexamincr asked a member of l)UJ' \\ hat was meanl b\" the phrase « abuse l'r stil11ulants," ane! ,,'as l11uch aI;lu!:'ed '.\ hen he replied _ "Tvu Jl7Uc/l 'hlilicr in your 'Ze/lI-SA')' .' »

Cood! 1\ ext, please! !-l\. C. F.

I\CIION OF PRGSSIC Acm.

H. (L\::\ tonstune). - Further to thc lIULI') J1ublislled under the a-boYc heading in the January issue of ,\11>, I shall be grateful if you will kindly explain in detail the action of Prussic Acid which I also alwap regarded as a corrosiYe until I read your reply.

Prussic .\cid (<:-o-called because it was first obtained frolll Prussian Dlue) produces its effects whether inhaled, swallowcd or applicd to broken skin or mucous membrane. It is a powerful nerve poison which rapidly causes paralysis of nerves, of brain cells (including the centres which control respiration and circulation), and of hc<u,t mu<,cle.

Death commonly results trolll asphy,"ia bccause the respiration usually fails flrst except whcn the heart is instantaneously stopped by a large dose of the poison. Since death may occur with rapidity, treatment is often of no avail; but, if treatment he possible, it is directed to counteract this threatened paralysis of the central nervouS s) stem.

Free stimulation, therefore, is indicated by the administration of alcohol, by the use of painful external stimuli

AID.

which, as in Opium poisoning, reaeL renc \.l ) on h e n e r vo u S\ :;te111 , and <llsl1 lw Cl)ld douches \\'h eh act l11il a ri y , bu more especiali) at exciting the respiratory ce n t r e o il1Lreascd a'ti\'ity. :\.C. F.

C.\l"SE 0[' S\\ ELLll'<t;

c. P. (CartliIT). ,\t our usual weekI) Di\ iiona Pr act ice, a littlc \\ hile ali"o, a di"'cussion arose as to the ph)' io l og ical cause of swelling. Various ans\\ ers wcre given; an d 1 am going to be frank and sLate that I am not a lL og"ether sure on Lhi puinl. l\e\ l'rthl'les , to g i ve Ill)' class and 111' ... e1f sati faclll1n, [ am suhmittinr.:- hi s question to )'l;U, and 1 trust Yl)U will us the benefit of your It ng- and valued cxperil'ncl'.

.\s the said, \'llt! 1ta\'L' a ked a 1l1l)uthful!! In short, a s\\'cllillg beint.;: «(IS till! uictionary tells u ) "a prolllsion l1r tUIlll'ur," I reg-I'd that paL \\'i ll not me to explain "the ph) sioh)gical cause of s\\'clling."-. -.C.F.

USE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST AID TO ADD TO YOUR INCOME

You have the . opportunIty

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TI

(l)urlwl11). The dangl.:l's a:.sociall'd with pelwl C<lllllllt bt; c,ag-ger:ttcc.l. Recent I) , lhe fin; in the dri\'L'rs' l1lL Sroom of a h;l\'ing- burned a 'yl'ung ell i\l!r threw :;Ol11e pcLrl)1 tin it frl)11l a pail Flames immediateh burst forth, burning the l1lan un his arms, and neck, abo injuriL'''' to livl of his fello\\' dri\ ers \\"ho \\'ent to hi.., help. I ndeed it was fortunate that the garage did not go up in namcs ! !

Familiarity brL'eds contempt: and thc use l)f petro l has becomc suclt an nCCl;ssi1r that folk are apt to forget its uang-ert)us pn)pertie:-;. I1enc\.. the usC'fulness of your report, for which we thank you. ,. C. F.

RESPv. 'SlInLIT), FOH S

j.C. (:\lan,he..,tLr). \\'e 1111'Illbers of thl' Bl'lIe Vue Loco ,\l1lhulancL Class and Compel ition Team \\'l)uld be I11l1c h obliged for your remark.., on the follu\\'il1g incidellt :-

A serious a('cidc-nt occurreu tu a \\'l)rkmant\\ 0 \ 'ceks ago, a< our Three of liS <ILlendeu to this ma n and put him on our own :':ttrdchcr, awaiting the arri\"al of the motoralllbulance. \\'hen the ambulance arrived, the policeman inform cd us ti1,tt we musL u e their stretch cr. Ill' placed the iLuo strelclll:rs togethe r and had to reach over the Lv\ 0 of thLll1 to lift the pat ie n t, although we did nut consider tl1at \ as light.

On the ambulance, the roliceman l ed h e way, the patient being- carried feel first, to the a m b ulance. "'e asked him if head jil's! was not the correct way to lead; but he rcpli{;d "lcel jirsl ))

In our training and competition work, w e h ave al ways been instructed to load a motor ambula n ce head jirsl and <" horse ambulancc fecI jirsl We h ave ju st passed our 6th year and we t h i nk h a th e treatment given on this occasion was altoget h er wro n g i\lay I ask if the policeman shou ld have ake n c h a r ge o f this case The paticnt, I am sorry tv say, di e d ea rl y nexl morning. I am a regu l ar rea d er of F RST AID, and m)' comrades and myself hope to sec yo u r r e m a rk s 11 he next issue of the journa l.

If an accident occurs in the street or any publ ic pl ace , the police oj"flcer, as the representativc of t h e l aw, is th e right person to take charge of the emerge n cy On yo ur statement of facts, howevcl', yo u seem to h ave erre d in y our

I E in the of training fnl flr>.,t <lId (1PCI1S up ll1.tn) allIed subJccts by which 111telllgl'n.llllln WOl1len can adJ \astl) to their knowledge and l»l1slderahly tlh"retlse thcir usefulness in the valuable practlL'l'.

,.\l11hili()uc:, nJ'L' their natural gifts al1d l1111r(' and J1WJ'e In profttablc aCCl11111t h\' karnin" in tilL:lr pare lill1l' 1.1ILTilti\'c cmploynlL'l1t \\;Ilich ill harnL " s \\'Ith thl'lr hohby.

On.L thL: SUbjLlts \\ hich i" closch a sncialcd with I'll "t ,\ Id IS S\\ l'di..,h \1 as and joint' \LIJ1ipulatioll, an e:'q1L'rt of \\ hieh is il1\aluahle to the elliciency uf l1f :\ur:-ilng- and ,\Illbulance unit '.

Y o u ca n tra in fo r a D iploma f or a f e w s h illing s a m o n t h. edish and joint :\I anipulation i in COJ1tanL dellltlnd for .1l1;lny purposes hut to he of l'eal benefit operators he tr;l1lled <lJ1c.i hold a recog ll i ed ljualillcation

If you .tre a ljualifIed operator you are head and a"hm 0 those who arc not and your professional wtll enable ) ou to take with confidence pri\'ate throug-h. and Surgeon:;, ;'\ ursing Homes, ,\thlettc Clubs, eec., for \"hich good fees a r e paid.

) Th"c free bo.ok ent tled ":'I l anipulati\'e Therapy as a I rok" Ion)) publt. hed by the I nst i tute of Leatlle r heacl has heen t h e means of introc.iucin'T to lRrlre numbers of 'Its read, l . I h.., e l s lC sImp e posta cou r sc of i nstruct ion w hich h as pro\'ed a t u rnIng point i n C:1 r cers

Get this free book

It dea l s w i h t h e subjects t aught by the I nstitute and onl?' }:o u of the practica l a p plication of Swed ish l In all Its u ses, b u t it te ll s yo u HO W i can be ctpp l le d to t h e p r act Ice of First A id HO W to co pri\' t . 110 .' nlll'enCe a a e prac tl ce ,. - ,\1 to obta w spa r e ti m e patie n ts, H O \ V a T ra In er of At hl et i c a nd F ootba ll Cl u bs w hat

IYD U ca n c h a r ge a nd o th er in va lu a bl e in fo r mat io n whi c h 1 ea d yo u o s u ccess R ea d wh at rh ese p as t st u de nt s say _ « Altho u g h m y t r eat m e n t is o nl y do n e i n m)' spa r e I a111 h av in g p at ie n ts e nt to m e by seve n or eia-ilt tlJ e r ent D oc t o r s. ]. S. i\L " 0

" I. ca nno t say too mu c h in p ra ise of th e S1\1 \ E tUItIOn, It pro v id es f o r th e hi g h es t p o int of

_

and has gained fnr me Doctors' support, 100 per cent. good results and many patients. -]. D "

"

\Iy \\"eeks drawing is at L)3 ll(' J....y, and , am al It all day and c\'ery day except SUl1da). fhankll1!..; you tor the

"You :yill no doubt be pleased to hear that out of 10 odd applIcants I ,,-as appointed Head Trainer t(l the .. , . e nited Football Club. \\,ith this appointment and my O\\'n pri,-ate practice I am \'ery busy indeed.j.:\.:'IlcP."

A wonderful O p p ort u nity

Thl' demand for trained and lJualillcc.i operaturs in :\lassage joint i\lanipulation is constantly Illcreas ng and I1l1\\' I the opportunit\, for enlerprisin'Y men and women to enter a paying profess'ioll \\"hich is o\ercro\\'ded and in \\'hich there is much scope.

You can take the S:'IL\E Institute Coursc of in truclion by pL1 ) ou li\'e, at home or abrL)aJ., and in ,-our spare lime WIthout interfering with your normal employment.

First, 11 II in and post the Coupon below, and obtain for )'u.ur elf \\'Jthout paymenL or of any kind a coPy of thiS \'a ILl able book....

a I • Fill in and post this Coupo n t o-day.

J I• The Secretary, : 50, SMAE INSTITUTE , LEA THERH EA D, SURREY : 1936

I I Pl e a.se se nd me wit hout cha rge or obligat ion a copy of t he In stitut e's Book" Man ipu lati ve Therap y as a Pr ofession."

j • I Y,U/E " ,,........... I I State whether M r., Mi;s·... .. .. .. .. .. .... ... I I ,lDDRE , , , , • • " i .................. .................................... .................

zeal to give explicit obedience to police in tructions \"ith reference to chang-ing stretchers; and, on my part, I cannot imagine any police officer intE'rferring \vith the wny in which you carri d out thi operation \ 150 I wonder if you realise that even to-day the patient must be placed leet lirst" in some motor ambulance.

- In this connection, let me tell you nn incident which was once reported to me by a man whom I knew to be a most efficient first aider and whose action I afterwards and whole-heartedl)" approved. Seeing a boy fall in the street, my man at once \\·ent to his assistance and was treating for a fractured clavicle, when up came a !

Demanding to know what he \Vas doing. the latter refused to accept the first aider's explanations and, when he protested, threatened to arrest him for obstruction if he persisted with his (( interference." So, realising that the policeman was legally responsible for the emergency, my man withdrew his sen·ices without further delay and quiet1)" ,,·ent about his 0\\·11 busine s !-N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF ELECTRIC SIIOCK.

\v. H. (Strood). -A man employed at our \vorks recently suffered from Electric Shock and, as I was away at the time of the accident, he \\"as treated by t\VO would-be first aiders as follows :-

After being- lowered from the crane of which he \\"as in charge, ' it was suggested by one of the men that the unconscious man's head be immersed in cold water to revive him. The other, however, said thrlt fresh air would re\ i\,e him. So they carried him outside (ill tlze ra/n), laid him on a door, and trerlted shock by placing o\·ercoats, etc., O\'er all his body, head included. \\'hen

I arrived 15 minutes lrlter the unfortunate man was still in the r::lin, no one assisting him in anyway, although there were about 50 b\ standers. "Vhen I asked one ,,,hat treatment he had given the pnti e nt, he replied that he was just keeping him warlT' until t he doctor arriyed

I myself had tbe patient removed into a place of shelter and warmth, namely the Works' Ambulance Room, where after treating- him as set out on page 150 of the Textbook, I restored him to consciousness before the doctor arrived.

\Vill you please comment on the above treatment and oblige?

Your report speaks for itself and renders any comment from me superAuous.-N. C. F.

11 FIRST AID.

D. S. (East Ham).-A first aider noticing a little crowd, made towards it, and found an elderly lady seated on a chair and a young girl at the side, holding her hand. Anxious to find out the history, our colleague turned to the girl and was informed that the patient often complained of giddiness before collapsing, to which the first aider said, (( [wonder iJ sIte has verti/(o?" Imagine his surprise when the answer came, (( Oh, no ,. not at all __ she hasn't far La go."

Gond! My memory, however, suggested that you had re-discovered an old story; and reference to my fi le proves that it was related as the Howler in the September, 1926, issue of FIRST AID. How time flies! - .C. F.

CO:'vlPRESSIOr-.' OF FEMORAL ARTERY.

1.L. (Haselden).-In our Divisional re-examination which was held recently, I was asked to arrest h;:cmorrhage from the Femoral artery. Having applied a tourniquet, I was told by the examiner that it was applied alright but that the bleeding was still not arrested. I then

A I D.

proceeded to apply pre sure on the artery flgainst the brim of the pelvi!-, as laid down in the T xtbook. This \Vas done to the satisfaction of the exnminer who, however, till said that bleeding was taking place. I was now at a los to know what 1 should do next because I had done e\·er)lhing according to the Textbook; and o the examiner dismissed l11e. Later 1 learned that the examiner wanted me to apply pres urc with my knee in the pit of thc paticnt's stomach. To me u h action appears ridiculous as it does Ilot im·oh"e the Femoral artery; and further there nothing rclati\·c to the same in the Textbook. Plea e f,l' our mc with your opinion which is an iously a\\'aitcd by mcmbers of our Division among whom the sugg-es lion has gi\ en ri c to lot of contro\"ersy.

From your statement of fact it appear to me that your examiner wanted )"(ILI to rlpply pre ure on the Iliac artery. This is oI1letimcs done with the knuckle , of t hl' clenched 11 t placed a little to the right (or left) of the middle line in the region of the umbilicus.

As, ho\\'e\ 'e r, the pre ure point is not named in the Textbook, your examiner was exceeding hi , authority when he expected you to demonstrate a method of applying pressure thereon. I h a \·e ne\"er heard of the knee being used for this pu rpo e. N. C. F.

01' :\".\KE !inF.

P.S. (Wellington, A.Z.) -Thc TU.lbl)ll].;: on p. 133 tells LIS that \\'e should not thl: \\·(Iund 'ausL d h\ .\ bite of a \'en01l10US nake. Pica e be gOl)c.\ t(l-cxplain the reason tor this instruction.

\s 1 read it, the instruction is ha"'L'd on the fad that t hI.' action of perl11anganatc of pota h and its \·alue ct. thl' nnlidote to snake venom would be 1eenl'd considerabh' in a \\"ounJ, the tissues of ,\·hich had been burnl'd with ,I c,lu"stic. '. F.

P L\Ji': r OF CO;\II'ETITOR.

C.L.e. (i\orth \Vales) a regular rcadl'r of FIHsr .\Jl) who derive s valuable assistance from \ our ob er\"ations antI answer I would be grateful for 'Yl1u r comment on the following :-

At a recent competition governed by certain rule of which No.8 reads :-Th e tCrlll1S shall be judgC'u on thc basis of the 38th Edition (excluding appcndicc!» of lhe authorised handbook of the St. John .\mbulanc .\ssociation .f< /rst Aid 10 tlze III ju red.

The test for Nos. 1 and 3 was the treatment of Fracture of the Knee-Cap. Thi was co rre'etl)" carried out as per instructions on pag-es 75 and 76 of the Textbook; but the judge deducted 2 mark becau e a second bandrlge was not applied in the reverse fashion as \\"ell, as per instructions contained in page -+S of Briti h Red Cross Society, First , \id i\ l anual No.1. ,-\s I con ider this unfair in view of tbe Rules of the Competition, I shall welcome your obsen·ations. Further, as one pan y responsibb for the training of the team I was fu ll y aware of the method described in the British Red Cross Manual, but instructed the members to stick to the 38th Edition of the Sl. John Ambulance Textbook.

On your statement of facts, someone blundered badly.N C F.

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PIal AID Journal for 'tbe

Ambufante nub 3aursing

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to tbe Editor at the add ress below, and should re ach him before the 12th of each month ann must be ace om panied (not necessarily /01' {Jublication) by name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscription s, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarced to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, KC.4.

7 degraphic Address-" Twenty·jour, London. Tele/,hon i - City 37 fO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL -

How to Rai e Funds '

Notes on the 'ursing of \V ar Gas Cases

St. J ohn Ambulance As oe iation

Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

The most up - to-date and scientific in the world.

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR

(Pat. No. 380963).

This new patent Ambulance Gear offers many unique advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter.

The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified 125, 127, 129, Great Portland Street, London, W.I.

Teleph one-Langham 1040.

for any new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.

don.' Sect i onal Catalogue 7 A, which is free for the ask· ing, desc ri bes this Patent Stretcher Elevating Gear, which is a triumph in compactness and scientific design,and the whole range of Ambulance Furniture and Fittings. e'" WRITE FOR IT This illustration shows the clear gangway for loading the lower stretchE'r when only one case is being carried. illlll!I!!!IIIIIIII!1111111111111111111111111111I1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Col li ery Ambulance ews

S.J.A. B. Headquarters and District Reports

Coming Events

Police Ambulance ew

Extracts from the Manual of Instruction for tIle Ro yal Naval Sick Berth taff

S. J. A. B. Overseas

R ai lway Ambulance News

Railw ays and the S.].A. B.

Principal Rules for R esusc itation

Thomas's (A. J .) lodi fication of the Thomas Kne e plint

Letters to Editor

Our Nurses' P ages

Detailed Marking Sh eet, No f8

Posters for Publicity

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :_

Compound Fract ure ()f C lavicle

Examination Howler

Treatment of Hang-in oPoisoning by Lyso h

Use of Collod ion

Funct ons of Brain

Diagnosis of Apoplexy

h e Treatment of

Wounds

Amb 4 lance News C uttin gs fl-orn the Press ... 2S 26 28 28 29 33 3f 36 37 39 40 40 -+ 3 H -+6 -+ 6 -1- 8 -+ -+8 -+ 8 -+8 4, 50 50 50 5 0 SO

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THREEPENCE St ationers

How TO written at a time when holidays OBT AIN FUNDS. are in full swing, in spite of the tendency of the weather to mar, we have to look ahead.

During the summer months social functions are forgotten whilst road patrol duty, inspections, camps, etc., are attended. Soon, however, the call for funds will be felt, and social committees will be racking their brains for new ideas. \Vhist drives, dances, concerts and the usual functions are, as a rule, quite well supported, but even these get rather monotonous, and if run at frequent intervals attendances begin to fall away and little is added to the di visional coffers.

It is essential that funds be procured to carry on our voluntary work. No matter how hard we try, expenses occur and have to be met. New stores, equipment and replacements certainly make a great inroad on our funds. l\Iembers do their best in many instances by paying weekly subscriptions ; but it is inexplicable to the general pu blic that the person who does the voluntary work should pay for the privilege of doing it.

So our appeals to the general public must go on. How best can this be done? In different parts of the country various schemes are tried; some with success, others being of no avail. How do you obtai n your funds?

Vv e shall be pleased to receive ideas on this subject, as on numerous occasions our opinion has been sought, but it is a difficult thing to suggest something original. However, we always endeavour to help each other, and so-your ideas are needed.

Notes on the Nursing

of War Gas Cases.

By MAJOR NORMAN

HAMMER M.R.C.S.

TIlE arrano-ements, as at present envisaged, for the of the civil population in chemical warfare include provision for the medical care and nursin o- of those gas casualties who need to be and distributed in hospitals outside the affected areas. It is anticipated that the nursing personnel of the t. John Ambulance Brigade of the British Red Cross Society's Voluntary AId Detachments will prepare themselves for these nursing duties.

In the same way that the general professional ed ucation and experience of the doctors concerned will be a yal uable grOl' nd work for the special ised knowledge and skill that the treatment of these special cases will call for, so will the main outli?es of o-eneral Home Nursing proyide for our Turslng b Sisters a basis onto which to add their traInIng In the special points and procedures that will arise in the course of their new duties. For both doctors and nurses the subject may with advantagc be studied before the emergency arises, rather than after. ,lVe shall be dealing wi th cases we do not meet with in our ordinary work in peace time, and usino- methods we have little opportunity of prac·

For example, "the administration of oxygen," so easily and trippingly s.aid, implies quite a few ireportant, but simple, p01l1ts-and so on throu o- h the whole list of possible cases and b procedures, a little thought and preparatIOn no7.'V will be to our patients' advantage tlzen.

The best way to get at the subject seems to be (( case by case," and this method we will follow :-

1. THE NURSI TG OF CASES.

Phosgene and Chlorine are N on - Persisten t Lung-Irritant or Choking gases, which cause their gravest effects by their action on the linings of the air-spaces and smaller bronchioles, inflaming, and blockino- with inflammatory exudate, the parts h essen tially concerned WIth the oxygenatIon of the blood. The pulmonary circulation becomes obstructed, and the right heart has to work against resistance.

Breathing is interfered with-more or less accordino- to the amount and the strength of the b gas inhaled, and hence according to the proportIOn of the whole lung-substance involved. But always strain is thrown on the heart from the outset-and so luno- irritant cases from the first should be spared b all physical effort and kept strictly at rest.

By the time they reach hospital, whert; the nurse will first see them, all ca ec; will show igns of respiratory difficulty, due to a greater or less part of the lungs' " breathing sllrra.ce" being of action. Cases are graded accordIng tL s verity into three main groups, with no (jxecl lIne f demarcation between them, one grour merging into the next, and will fall Into a less or mor severe group according to these factors:

(a) Their IUlZg cOlUhholl, depending on the proportion of lung-substance affected, i.e., on the amount and concentration of gas breathed.

(b) Their !tcart cOlldzi£oll, depending on the heart-state before exposurc, and, III or importantly, on the amount of strain the heart has been su bjected to, or sa vcd by proper sparing of exertion, between the moment of exposure and th e time the case comes under your observation at the hospital.

(c) The first aid OJ- otizer prc-llOspzlal trcat17lent, particularly ox)'gen at the Grst-line Aid Post, and action to minimise shock. I a\ ' I' minimise" because shock cannot in these cases ever be entirely prevented

The groups, as seen by the Nurse, are :-

(1) The so-called "less severe" case, better described as the "broncho alveolar" case, in ,vhich the sufferer has a marked and painful cough; panting, difficult respiration; a Dushed face; and a rapid pulse. His mouth and nostrils may show coughed-up, frothy, yellow, and perhaps bloodstained, fluid exudate- the prod uct of the action of the gas in the lung-tissue. He is dull and s leepy, and may vomit.

(2) The "severe" case, which we will call the 'I right heart" case, is as above, but has a bl ue cyanosed face; a full, rapid pulse; shows marked pulsation of the great veins in the neck, a sign of difficulty in the right side of the heart; is restless and worried, with staring eyes and an anxious, frigh tened expression I ike a hal f-drowned man; and quick, hurried, labou red, shal low breathi ng. He is a man being asphyxiated.

(3) The" collapsed" case is one that has gone through this stage, and whose heart has given way through strain and deficient oxygenation of it s own musculature. His face is grey and drawn; his

skin is cold and clammy with beads of cold sweat on the brow and round thc nose; his pulse is quick, weak and thready; he is thoroughly exhausted ancl prostrated, and appears on the point of death.

Cases (1) and (2) may get worse and relapse into t\ pes (.2) or (3) if treatment is not adequate, if all e;ertion is not spared, or if pre -existing conditions in the patient render his natural strength ancl resistance less than normal. Such pre-existing conditions may be, in a civilian, malnutrition, preexisting cardiac or otber weakne s, age, and a number of others; in a soldier in the field, exhaustion, or prt;vious exposure to the gas concerned, may be added.

The nursing- of these cases calls Eor great devotion, wise cI iscri m i nation, and con ti n ual care. All exertion is to he spared thelll - as we have said already, and we make no apology for rcpeating it. O \.J:fJell i a prime part of the treatment of all grades of lung-irritant cases, from the time they reach the l1rst-linc Aid Post, and all through. As part of the first aid treatment, it is a stimulant and helps to minimi5e shock; \\ithout it, in hospital, \\ e are without the essential wcapon in our armoury. It is gi\ en admixed \\ ith inspired air, and NOT I' pure," as in 0 cases. The IIaldane apparatus or some modification of it is the method of administration. All voluntary nurses should be taught to understand the usc of this appa.ratu , which is a I. t) pc" from which all extensions and improvements can be rcadily under tood.

The patient's lungs are" \\ atedogged " with their o\Vn in f1am matory f1 Ll id, and 'l.1omziillg hel ps him to get rid of tbis In all but S riollS ca es it should be encouraged, but in cases of grade (2) and (3)the I' severe" righ t heart cas and the" col lapsed" case-it should flOt be z"nduced since it strains the heart, as is common experience. \Ve all remember feeling faint and having a quick pulse after being sick. In some cases, the f1uid can be helped off the chest by artzlc/al 1'cspz·raholl, as laid down in the St. John Textbook, but the risk here is that a large amou n t of f1u id may be sudden Iy forced ou t of the lung substance-the air spaces-into the bronchial tubes, thus drowning the patient. Artificial respi ration, therefore, should only be carried ou t under doctor's orders. The jos£tz"Oll of the patient will be as ordered by the doctor, but his head will be kept turned sideways in all positions of the body. Fluid may be helped to drain from the chest by occasl·onalLy lift£ng the foot oj tile bed or stretcher, as mueh as three feet, for a few minutes at a time, at intervals to be ordered by the medical officer. These methods, rest, oxygen, procedures as described above for helping the chest to clear itself of the ex ud ate that is clogging it-all izelp the lungs to breathe and a ll hel p to relieve tlte stra£n on the heart. These two are the main lines of our treatment. The heart may also be helped by the minor

operation of venesect£on, in which the doctor removes some blood from the venous side of the circulation by extracting it from a vein, usually one of the large superficial veins of the arm. Certain " medicines)) \yill help the heart, and are best given hypodermically. The selection of these" medicines" is the responsibility of the doctor, who will decide for every case on its merits, basing his decision upon factors which are outside the province of the nurse, and which therefore need not be discussed here, bu t speaki ng genenll y d igi talis and strychnine, often used for heart cases, are not of great value, while pituitrin and camphor help considerably. The adm in istr ation of morph ia to induce sleep has many disadvantages, and will be avoided given by the mouth with the intention of loosening" phlegm" and inducing coughing (the so-called" expectorants") should be withheld from all but the mildest cases until well on to reCOVf'n

Up to this point, several purely nursing points, specially important in these ha\ e been mentioned, and should be impressed upon the IIome Nurse who may one day be called on to do these duties; let us call them again to mind :-

(1) The great importance of the spall·77g of the patient even the sl£giztest exer!£o7Z, at all stages of his dis:tbility and of his treatment.

en The essential part played by the admhzistrahon 0/ o.IJ'gell in all stages of the treatment. Training in tbe use of oxygen apparatus should be add d to the syllabus of all Home C\urses. Both skill and tact are called for to ensure that the full benefits of oxygen are available to the patient and to prevent wastage of a commodity for which there will be a great call.

(3) The importance of posture, the position of the patient';:, head, the value of vomiting in milder cases, artificial respiration and its dangers, raising the foot of the bed to assist lung - drainage, are all n u rsi ng matters.

(+) The minor operation of 'venesectz"on calls for help from the nurse in preparing the necessary instruments, etc., in preparing the patient, in assisting during the operation, and in after-care of the part.

e) Hypoderl7lzc med/cahon again means preparation of instruments and of the patient, or welltrained nurses may be ordered themselves to administer II medicines" hypodermically, as prescribed

Other points in the nursing of lung-irritant cases are :-

TIz£rst.- The patient will be very thirsty. FI uids shou ld be gi ven jrequelltly ill small amoZlnts at a time He may be given water, tea, or brandy and water as ordered, to sip, and ice or medicated pastilles to suck.

Dz"et.-This will in all cases be very liO'"ht and very little. The selection and preparation of diets will need care and thought , to provide suitable but tern pti ng dishes.

Convalescellce.-Because of the weakened state of the heart, patients must go slowly during valescence, and thei r resurn ption of normal actlv!ties must be carefully watched and This will call for tactful and tireless superVIsion by the nurse.

(To be continued.)

St. Joh n A mbu lance Association

BRISTOL. -The annual stretcher com petition of the Bristol Centre took place on Saturday, July 26th. Six trophies were compete d for with the followmg results :-

"Beayis" Cup :-1, G. \V. R. Pilning-, marks.; 2, Port of Bristol Authority 1\0. 1, 170; 3, Impenal ChemIcal, 165. Judges, Drs. H. G. Kyle and S. B. Green

1\ l r. R E. Bush said il was a pleasure to see so B r istol people take an interest in th I?_unngthe past 12 month the Association had ga i ned c and thanks were due to the medical profes Ion for their lectures.

1 I I

The Bishop of Bristol, propo ing a vote of t 1£111 '-s to tlC judges, said he had no idea before of the g-reat of peo'ple in Bristol who had taken the troublc 10 qu?-hfy In hrst aid. He was proud to be the President !-3nstol Centre and congratulated all heartily for the public splntth y hawed in qualifying to help less compc:tent people

1\1rs. R'- E. Bush presented the trophies and medals to the successful com peti tors.

The proceedings concluded with a \'ote thanks to ;\1 r. Egbert A. O. 'Webb (han ecretar)) for .hls arduous enthusiastic work in organl and carrYll1g out the \ ent under difficulties owing to the rain. ---.

Collier y Ambulance New.

DEA T AN D CIL\PTER COLLI ERY.

The' C A " team of this olliery wcre succe ful in winning the" Shildon "Ambulance halleng-e Cup g-old medals at the annual competition held recentl) at Shtldon ; Shildon Social ervice team were econd.

St. John Ambulance Brzgade and Dz'strz'ct Reports.

Brigade Headquarter s. Col. C. T. Elli who until n :ct:lllly carricd out the duties of urgcoll-in- hid, has been placed on the Chief COl11mi iOIler's .-tafC as Inspectil1g Officer for t he W cst of England, a eli. trict to \\ hich Col. Elli has been attacheel for many yea r- '

The Chid C-OllllllJs:illl1er, :';1 r ,(Jhl] DUllcan, has <.tppoll1tccl 1)r. \\"111. C. BClltall, G.RE., F.R.C.S.E., L.R.C.P., to be thc IlC\\' _\ t.. urgcoll-ill- hid. a position \aeated hy the appoinlm 'nl of Dr. Corh<.::t Fletcher a -':;urgeol1-i n-Ch e f.

Brigade mL'mhers \\ ill rememher that in the early part of thi' year Dr. Bentall \\ a appointed taff Officer for

No. I (P rince of Wales s) District .

The Commissioner has accepted with regret the resignation of Dr. K. F. Lund, as As i tant Commi sioner of the Central Area.

Dr. Lund joined the Brigade as Div. Surgeon of the Londoll Post Office Corps in 1913, being promoted to Corps Surgeon in 1923. During 1929 he became County :';urgeon to Central Area and, in 1931, District Surgeon, returning to the Central Area in 1932 as the Assistant Commissioner.

Dr. Llmd, in a letter to the Area, pays tribute to the loyalty and excellent work done by his District Officers and Diy. Officers.

Captain H. A. Fenton, District Surgeon, ha been promoted to fill the vacancy caused by Dr. Lund's resignation. Captain Fenton is " -e ll known in the District and to him we offer our congratulations on his new appointment.

Captain Fenton ,vas surgeon to No. 85 (Borough of Ealing) Division until 1930, when he was promoted to County Surgeon for \Vestern A.rea In 193-1- he was promoted to Dlstrict Surgeon of No.1 District. His services La the Order were recognised in 193-1- when he \'as admitted as a Serving Brother, and in 1935 he \\"as a warded the Conspicuous Sen' ice :\ledal. He is also the holder of a Silver Jubilee l\Iedal.

\Vi th the approval of the Commissioner of I\o. 1 (Prince of \Val es's) District, the proposed Church Parade of Catholic Members of the Brigade will take place on 'unday, September 6th, at the Church of the Sacred Heart, Hor eferry Road, \Yestmin ter, by kind permi ion of :\Igr. Canon Howlett, D.D.

lIJr/stol E'vell/llg Post Bristol Centre S.j.A.A. Annual Competitions. Officials in first picture, from left: Dr. D. Hall Beatson, 1r. E. Webb Dr. Balcb Green, 1\1r. 1\1. Fair, Dr. H. G. Kyle (Chairman), Mr: \V. G. Hawkll1s (Treasurer). In second picture : A Test 111 progress.

CC Squire" Cup (handicap) :-1, L.l\l.S. No: 1, 156t marks; 2, G. \N. R. Pilning, 155; 3, Impenal Chemlcal, Jud ges, Drs. N. S. B. Vinter and F. G. Jenkins.

"0:ovice" Cup: - 1, L. l.S., 134 marks; 2, Port of Bristol, No.3, 126t; 3, Bristol East S.J.A_B., 122t. Judges, Drs. J _ Morton Evans and D. H. Beatson.

" 'Walker" Cup (handicap) for women :-1, S.j.A. B. 1 urs ing Division, No.1 B, 174 t marks; 2, S. J. A.B. in g Division A, (under handicap) ; 3, S.j.A.B. ursll1g Di\'ision 1, 129. J udg-e, Dr. Anne Cornall.

" l\Iather" Cup :-1, Port of Bristol Authority No . 3, 1 g7 marks' 2 Filton, 182 ; 2, Clifton S. J. A. B., 169. Judges, Drs. J. A. L;nson Roberts and H. Melhuish Golding. Cup :-1, L. M S. Loco No. 1, marks; 2, G. W. R. Pilning, 154 ; 3, Port of Bristol Authonty, 134. Judge s, Drs. Harold Kettlewell and J. V: Lucas.

Dr. H. G. Kyle (Centre Chairman) preSided at the pnze di st ribution and eac h of the judges gave a short report on the work in their respective tests.

Twenty-three teams entered this competition and excellent work was witnessed. Dr. Fraser, of CoronatIOn, Eldon (team), and Dr. meddle, of hildon (individual), judged the work, the tests being of a very interesting and exacting- nature.

The Dean and Chapter "A" team have had a very successful season. Their successes include the "Coroner Graham" Shield the" Dorman, Long and Co . D irectors " Sh i el d hy a record numbe r of rnarks, the" Donald Bain" Cup, the "Sir Charles Starmer" Cup, the "Shi ld ons Ambulance" Cup.

The team owe much of their success to the very great encouragement and assistance received from their officials.

When you wr ite to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen ' t cost you anything and it pleases the Adverti sers, and Us ·

[First .lid Photograph Dr. Wm. C Bentall, O. B. E. The new Assistant Su r geon-in-Chief.

Air Raids Precaution and he will continue Lo carry out the duties of that position in addition to those of hi new appointment.

We welcome and congratulate Dr. Bentall on his appoi.ntment. As a Brigade member for 25 years he has seen much service and the experience gained "in the ranks" will be of benefit to him and will assist him to carry out his new duties_ No.8 District will lose an excellent As.sisbant Commissioner, but the Brigade as a whole will gam an experienced officer and one who is whole-heartedly e1evoted to the work of St. J'0hn.

Members are asked to a semble in 1'\ e\\" Street, off Hor eferry ROcld, not later than -t.1O p.m., a the i to commence at -t.30 p.m.

The nearest tube station is St. James' Park and it is hoped all Catholic Officer and members of Ambulance and ursing Divi ions will attend; an invitation is also extended to non-Catholic members.

Fr. James Woodward, priest in charo'c of the church, in a letter to the organi crs, says that an addres on the Order of St. John" will be deli\'ered.

Members should notify Supt. ]. E. Taylor, 3, vVarwick Road, Southall, l\Iiddlesex, as soon as possible of their intention to be pre en1; thi will enable seating arrangements to be made.

A class of instruction in "First Aid to the Injured," for men, will be held at the Aldersgate 'Yard School, 181, Aldersgate Street, E.C1, commencing on Tuesday, eptel11ber 22ncl next, at 7.30 p.m. The cour e will consi t of 12 lectures, six of which will be given by a Surgeon. Fee for the course, including .J.A.A. examination, will be 3s. 6d. Full particulars can be obtained from Ir. F W. Bishop, 208, Downhills Park Road, .17.

Fou V.- Two swa?'ger sticks have been found in

Photograplls by]

FIRST

Black \\ 'all Tunnel and are at the Plaistow Po l ice Statio n , +-t--+ Barking: Road, E. They can be collected from there by the

No. III. District .

OYer 1,000 members of the South tafford hi re ])i trict paraded for the annua l in pection, held at Dartmouth Park, " rest Bromwich, on Sunday, July 19th.

The inspecting office r " as Commis ioner Major J. Horton, ::\I.D., Knight of Grace, who was accompan ied by the A t. Commissioner (Dr. D. McCole), Co r p Supt. F L. Richa r d (Commandino- Officer of th e Day), Corps Officer G Stanifo r th (Adjutant), Corps ecretary Edgar i\Iears, the Mayor and 1\layore s of \\ 'e t Bromwich (Councillor ,and 1\1 r s. J. H. \ Vills), the and 1\Iayores of \\ 'alsall (Councillor H. G. J. Fletcher and :"1i Fl etcher), Alderman J. A. Leckie, M.P., i\1r. T. i\Iark \ \-atson (Ch ief Constable of \ \' a lsall) and \ \rat on, the Mayor of Tamworth (Councillor Crutchley) and Councillor R. J. HLU11phrie (Chairman, V.D.C.).

Afte r the in pection the Commissioner took the alute at the march past and in the cour e of an add res congratulated all diyisions on their smartness. H e m e ntioned that the outh Staff diyi ions would soon be i sued with the gas masks they had so long awaited and urged them to take yery seriously the work in connection with ai rraid precautions because a great deal would depend on them in training the g-eneral public. 1\1unicipal Authorities wou l d, he said, be shortly cal li ng upon Brigades for instruction purposes regarding possible g as attack .

Major Orton presented the president's badge to Alderman Leckie; Sen'ice Medals to Am b Officer vVatterson ( \ Voh'erhampton) and Amh. Sis t er Haydon (Tamworth); and a bar to Supt. C. Chandl e r (Tamworth).

No . IV . District LAXCASIIIRE

BlJRXLEY.- The annual inspection of the Burnley Corp was h e ld o n July 28th, when oy e r 200 111e11, nurses and cadets were 1I1spected by Asst. Commissioner Dr. R. Glegg, Corps Surgeon Dr. Quinn and the Mayor of Burnley (Councillor George Parkinson) .

Amollg those on parade we r e Corps Surg eon Dr. lane, Diy Surg eons D r s Dayidson, Brugg en, and Ke r , Corps Supt. J. L. Colburn) Lady Corps Supt. Green, and Cadet Supt. Mrs. Armistead.

PREsTox.-There was a good muster of the Pre ton Co r ps fo r the Annu al Church Parade at Longr i dge Units from Preston, Frenchwood, L eyland and L ong-ridge attended and the ma r ch to and f r om St. Paul's Church was watched by many peop l e. The parade halted at St. Wilfrid's Church whe r e cadets placed a w r eat h of lau r el leaves and red carnations on t h e war memor i a l.

Co ll ections we r e taken in aid of St. Pa ul 's C hu rch Fund, and th e O phtha l m i c H osp ita l of the Order of St. John) at Jer u sa l em.

Congratulations are extended to Lady Corps upt. Mrs. A Howard, who has been associated wit h the Preston Corps for forty yea r s and \Va appointed a V.A.D. Commandant during the wa r , and to 1\1r. J. P Ke r Watson (C h ief Constab l e) who have been promoted to t h e r ank of Office r in l h e Orde r of St. J o hn

AID.

TnoRNTo -T h e Co m m iss i o n c r ) 1\1 r. W. G. mi t h O . B.E., i n pectcd th c an nu a l pa r ade of amb ul a n ce, nur s in g and cadet pe r so nn el of t h e F l ectwoo d , T h o rnt o n Clcye lcys, Po ul ton and P r ccsa ll D i visions, o n J ul y 20t h. 1\Ir. mith complimented the d i v i s i o n o n the fine parade ",ith \\'hich he co ul d find l itt le or no fa ul t. lI e \\'a glad to ec 0 many cadets and h opcd t h ey \\' ou l d 1I1 time join t h e enio r di y isio l1 .

No. V. District.

N OTTIN(.l1 l. - The annua l in pectlOn 0 f the l\ott ingh am Co r p \\ ,JS h eld on ' unda)', J ul y 19th, and \\ ' a witne ed by a large 11umbe r of intcre Led pectator .

The ambulance c!l\ i ions, with l76mem!Je r on paradl , were under Corp 'upt. A. G \\ 'eller, whilt Lady 'urp ' upt. E. Paling \\ a in charge of the nursIng peronnel, which numbered 105. orp Supt. Ihhotson was Adjutant; Corp Office r (R ) F. Carner, Orderl) O ffice r ; S ergt. F S te\'e n so n (C it y Di viio n ), Ord e rl y Sergeant; Corp Officer C. Le\\enc!on ( orp!:> being in cha rge of thc O r de rl y Room.

Di trict Officer G. E. IIardy, \\ ho \\ as accompanied hy Sir H. Dennis Headctt-Bayley, K.B.E D.L., J.P., Klllght of Grace o f the Order, inspected the mUl and cong ratulated the Corps on the general impmn:mel1t .... h(l\\ 11 ince hi la yi it to the Xottingham Corps. ThL nttr'.>l .... \\ e re inspected hy Lady Ili trict Officer :'lls \ \. (;t1lson

Following the march pa t, at \\ hieh \ st. lOI11mis -ioner A. B. Glbs o l1, .P., took the : alute, a hollow square was formed for dedication en iee () the ne\\' motor amhulanc e which the Corps had purchased, 0\\ to gTf)\\'ing- demand ' on the Tran port Depanmcllt. The en'icc \Vas conduct e d b) the Re\ II. \'.

FIR S T

si lve r medals, \Va p r esentce! to t h e Cinderhil l D ivision, ancI the Officcrs" C u p, w ith silver mcda l s, to the Ca r ringto n Di \ i io n as ru nners- u p.

1\11'. G i bson also p r esented to Co r ps O ffice r ( R ) F Ca rr ier and Lad) Supl. 1'- 1r5 .. tan to n (Mappe rl ey N ur sing Division) Service l\ledals for 15 years' efficient se r v i ce \\ ith thc .:\()ltill;!, ham Corps. The Official \ Varrant of appointment as [ T()Il. Chaplain to the Corps was handed to the Re\'. H. \ ' Turner.

After the parade had been dismissed a numbe r of spectators in pceted the new ambu lance which is a 27 h.p. \ 'auxl,all" Ll1xury mlmlance, wa supplied by H. Lomas, Ltd., of ter, and filted \\ ith « Lomas " patcllt Stretcher and L oading Gcar, and spccial heating and cooling- apparatus. There i" acc011lmoclation fo r two strC'lcher ca<;e or OIlC tretche r and four sitting ca e . The car i" de to deal with distallces and is sprung- alld adj usted to gin: l11ooth running on all type of road

ROTTIERIT \\f.- The Rothl'1'ham Corps \\:1.5 in pected at Clifton Park Oil :atur<1ay. July 18th, hy Asst. Commis s ioner I l. C. EI'-,l, oi :heffield. Thl' parade included 111l'lllhers iro111 Rotherh:1.111, Thurcro i t, and winton \ mIHllancl I )iVI'-,Ic)l1S. and 1l1embers ()j the Rotherha111, Thurcroit, and Thryher!.,!h Xur i11!.,!· Di\ isions.

They marl'hed fro1ll t heir headqu a rters at \ Vheatram

Tlnu l, l '()l1l'g'l' Road. to the Park. headcd by the drum and tl fe hand of Shdneld Brigade.

\ ll1<l11g those \\ ho \\ :1.tchcd the in pectioll \\-ere thc :'IIct) or and Mayoress of Rothl'rham, Ider11lan F. Harper and Harper: \ ldcrman \\ r Dobbie, 1\I.P., Councillor

C. Hall, the Chll f Con tahk. Mr. Robert Hall, and :'Ir lIall. Kllig'ht (Prlsident of the Rotherham • nrsing Diyisi()l1) and :.Ii s Fa\\cett ( ecretary).

N o. VI. District.

D\RLTXCTO\".-Thc Xo. -+ Fir , t Aid Hut of thc Darlington Di\ isio11 \\ as re 'ently declared open by the :\f ayor of. Darlin;!, ton (Collllcillo r T. E. IIudson) \\'ho was (1CC0111panl d hy the l\Iayo r e s Co u nty CO l11 11l is ioner F P. \Vil so n , J.r ., pr es id ed OYer thc gathering, upportec1 hy County Officer J. llPl. F letcher and J. McArthur, Amb. Officers Pearson and IIogg and others

The Commissioner aid the main pu r pose of the p r c cnt 11Ut, w h ich was the fourth of the Da rl inoton Division, "as for the treatment of ca uaIties in the

particular ly children' hurt5 The huts were not subsidi ed In any way

Thc Mayo r declaring the hut open, spoke of the splcndid work wh i ch the Brigade did in Darlington The crection of thesc hut was an achicvement when one rea l iscd that the.: \\'ork was done yoluntarily by men durtng their spare time . The Darlington Di\ ' ision \\'as to he.: congratulated.

The pre entcd certificates for air-raid precautions to ergts. T. 'vV. Simpson and D'Heanans; Co r pl Healey , Yo r ke and Gilbert; Ptes Shaw, Stacey, \\ hitfield, SnaiLh, Hodgson, :"Iajor, Farndale

A lderman Crooks proposed and Councillor Taylor seconded a vote of thanks to Commis ioner Wilson) and :upt Fletcher thanked the :"Iayor and :'Jayore s.

N o. VIII. ( Duk e of C o nn aug h t·s ) Oist r i c t.

Apart fr0111 a yery boisterous wind, fine weather preyailed at the annual reyiew of the Suss cx and nrr e y Cnit , which was held at Littlehampton, by kind inyitalion of the Council, on Sunday, July 19th.

, ir John Duncan, Chief Commissioncr, was thc inspecting officer and on his arriyal \\a met by C 0 111missioner E. A. Richards, \\ ' ho intr o duced t he Chairman of the COllncil (Councillor :"Iontague GOSdCl1 , J.P. ) the members of the Council and hi Di trict S t aff.

After ill pecting the guard of honour comp o sed of Littlchampton Ambulancc, Xursing and Cadet Di, i ions, Sir John pre ented upt. G. Kin o , on beh a lf o f the Loca l Diyisions, a gold wri tlet watch and a pair of gold cuff link to commemorate, upt. King's 25 year' en icc in the Brigade

M r. Go den pre idcd oYer the official luncheon and proposed the toa t of The Order of St. John." He welcomed the Brigade to Littlehampton, aying hi ouncil were delighted that their little tOWI1 had been cho en for such an important review. They ,nre yery proud of their local Brigade and grateful for the great work carried out by them.

ir John Duncan replied, thanking the Council for their ho pitality. He wi hed the public to reali e that the work of the Brigade was done volunta r ily, entailing great sacrifice on the part of the m e mhers. Tn his trayels he wa truck by the effici ency of the Dri g ade, \\ ho c w ork " ' a of national importance. lIe referred to the instructions now being giYen in air-raid precaution to the personnel.

N e w A mbul a n ce o f th e Nottin g ham Corps .

Turne r (V icar of St. Peter's Churc h ), assisted by t h e Rc\ ' Hartley Ho ll oway (P r esident of t h e otti n g h al11 F r ee Ch u rc h Co u ncil). The si n g ing was l ed by t h e St. Peter's C h u r ch Ch o ir to m u sic s upp lie d by th e Meadows Band of t h e a lva ti o n Ar my Si r D en n i s R ea d e tt -Bay l ey f o rm a ll y hand ed ove r th e ambu lance to A sst. Comm i ss i on e r G ib so n w h o r ece iv ed it o n be h alf of th e Co r ps Th e Rt. R e v. Bishop e v i ll e S Ta lbot (Vi c a r of St. Ma r y's Ch urch ) d ed i ca t ed th e a mbulance . T h e Assis t a n t Co m m iss i o n e r took a d va nt age o f t h e pa r ade to p r esent t h e (( G i bso n " S hi e ld t o th e Ca rrin o t on Div ision, w h o we r e s u ccessf u l in th e final comp e ti t i o n, held on Jun e 2 8 t h l as t; eac h me mb e r of th e t ea m r ec e ive d a bisc ui t ba rr el. Th e" Am b u lan ce L eag u e JJ C up, with

Commi s i oner Richards also responded, thanking the Council fo r their ho pitality and L. B. Berc ford (Cle r k) for his g r eat help. :'Iembcrs of the Su sex: and Su rr ey Diy i sio n s had carried out, d ur ing 1935, oyer 10, 100 r emoya ls, t r avelling 160,-+76 miles, and attended 2,8 16 road accident, with a mileag'e of 2 1,793 . The figures for L i tt l ehampton werc 127 rcmoyals, mi l eage 3,582; road accidents 28, mileage 187 He thanked the Littlehampton Co u nc il for the help o ivcn to the local Diyi ions Followin o' the luncheon the reyie\v was held 011 the Green, w herc thou and of yisitors had congreo'ated on t h e n at ur a l grand tand of the promenade.

Th e parade, some 1 300 trang, we r c dra\yn up in do ubl e compan i es u nder t h e command of t h e Commissioner, wh o wa s accompanied by A t. Commissioner Dr. \ V C. Be n ta ll , L ady D ist r ict upt. 1\1rs. Falwasse r and Cottnt \· S ur geo n \ Vh itc h er. Di trict Officer I I. J. \\' riggle \\'orth ( A clj utant) w as responsib le for the a rr angements and to hi m we offe r o ur congrat ulation on the 11100th running of the ey cn t.

T h e C hi et C0111mi ione r was reccivcd \\ it h the Ge n e l- a l sa lu te and, accompan i ed by t h e Chairman of the CO lln c il , i ns p ected t h c mc m be r. D ur ing thi the hand

Open in g of the No. -+ Hu t of the D a rlington Divi s ion

FIRST

of the 1st Battalion Suffolk Regiment played selections.

The inspection was followed by a religious service at which the Rev. E. P. Orr, M.A. (Vicar of Littlehampton) officiated, an address being given by the Rev. S. W. A. Collins, M.A. (Vicar of St. James'). Before the Benediction, lr. John Lovering sang" Land of Hope and Glory."

The march past then followed, Sir John Duncan taking the salute. The marching was of a very high standard and drew great applause from the vi itors.

The whole of the parade was entertained to tea by the Littlehampton Council. There Mr. Gosden referred to the parade as a sight never seen in Littlehampton before.

Sir John again thanked the Council and referred to the fact that the Brigade would be called upon to take a most important part in the vl'Ork of air-raid precautions should the occasion arise.

ir John informed FIRST AID that it had been a very fine parade and he had seldom seen a better turn out; the marching was very good.

After tea the members, with their friends, dispersed to their respective homes. Some hundreds had taken

were under a debt of gratitude to them for the sel£sacrifice so cheerfully and heartily given at all hours of the night and day.

The ambulance was accepted by Commissioner E. A. Richards, who said he was fully aware of the work carried Ollt by the Addiscombe Division in the interest of the citizens of Croydon.

The Bishop of Croydon then dedicated the ambulance and gave a short address.

The whole parade were then entertained at tea in the Greyhound Hotel.

Commissioner Richards thanked the Mayor for his presence and gave particulars of the work carried out by the Addiscombe Division during 1935. They had transported 897 cases (132 without payment), coverinO" 24-,000 miles. At public duties 1,684 cases had been attended.

The 1ayor, in reply, congratulated the Division on its success and wished them success in the future.

On behalf of The Order the Mayor presented Councillor Boddington with a Vellum \Tote of Thank for the great assistance he had giyen the Brigade.

No. X. District.

BECCLES.- The annual field day, organised by the Beccles Division was held on Sunday, July 12th, in the grounds of Flixton Park, by permission of Sir Robert Shafto Adair, Bart.

An inspection was carried out by Commissioner Major J. F. C Hossack, who was accompanied by Miss Hossack and District Officers Death and Nethercoat.

There were about 100 on parade, Supt. W. C. Watts being in charge of the Beccles Ambulance Division, Lady upt. Miss E. Tedder, the urses, Cadet Officer A. S. Piper, the Boy Cadets, and Cadet Supl. l\Iiss L. Robinson, the Girl Cadets. Bandmaster L. Stevenson ,\' as in charge o f the Cadet Band. The Yarmouth and Gorleston Ambul a nce and ur in!;" Divisions were also present under Supt. H. O o- lesby.

Following the march past, the Commissioner congratulated the parade on the general smartness and empha i ed the importance of acqui ring necessary knowledge of anti-ga precautions and impartino- that knowledGe to the general puhlic.

"Patient ," suffering from various form of illness a nd injury, were then Ilrong-llt into" hospital" by stretcher sqnad and were attended to by the nurses. Dr. Hossack a nd Dr. H. G. \\ ood-llill, Beccles Divisional urgeon, a ked numerou que tio11s and generally te ted the efficicncy of all rank.. \fter lunch a "serious charabanc a cc id e nt" was staged.

The a ftcrJ1()()J1 clo_ eel with a drum-head service conduc t ed hy the Rector of FI ixton (the Rcv. K. l\lacKinnon). h o rt acldre s was giyen hy the Rector of Becc1es (the Rn'. TI. L. Birch).

Amon g a large numller of interc ted spectators were Aldcrm a n II. Copeman, Beeele , and Ur. C L. Hamby (Borough Surnyor Becclcs). \ Tice-Pre idents of Becc1e Division. Sir Rohert Sha fto and Lad\' dair who took a int e rest III th e proceedin!.{_, il1\,;ted to tea at the Hall. -

Police Ambulance New s.

CITY OF LONDON SPECIAL CONSTABULARY

00 Saturday, July 25th, a party of first aidcrs paid a visit to the Royal College of Surgeons. Capt. •.\. C. \Vhite Knox, M. C., M. B. (Chief ;\ledical Officer), acted as guide and lecturer and a very interesting :3od instructive time was spent. A vote of thanks to the Doctor for his valued assistance was carried unanimously.

Continuation classes are being held e\·ery first and third \Vednesday in each month, on which occasions practical work and tests are carried out.

DE TBIGHSHIRE

A team from Colwyn Bay Police, consisting of Police Constables H. I. Jones, E. Jones, J. E. Pugh, H. :\1. Williams (reserve) and ]. O. Hughes (captain), ,,-ere successful in winning the :' Denbig-hshire" Cup (presented by the lale James DarlIngton, ]. P., of Black Park, Chirk), and medals (presented by the Rhostyllen and Bersham Branch of the Briti h Legion), at the annual competition held at \Vrexham on ;\Ionday, August lrd.

The competition open to teams residing or working In the County of Denblgh, and is held under the direction of the Priory for Wales.

The judges ,,-ere Dr. D. B. Entns, of Coedpoeth, aod Dr. Brock, of Wrexham.

Supt. P. R. Kent announced the result which was :- 1st, Colwyn Bay Police, 351; 2nd, Hafod Colliery, 327; 3rd, \\'rexham, .].A.B., 301. Se\"en teams competed.

The presentation of awards was made by :'Ilr. G Edmund Fitzhugh, J. P., ot Plas Power

l Fi rs! _ t"d / )/iO!ug raplis Sussex and Surrey Review at Liltlehampton.

Left: Sir John Duncan presenting gifts to Supe A. G. King, Littlehampton Division. Centre, Top: The March Past. Bottom: Sir John taking the Salute.

Right: Sir John accompanied by Ir. '\[ontague Gosden, ] P., carrying out the Inspection. advantage of the excellent service of trains placed at their disposal by the Southern Raihvay, which added to the enjoyment of the day.

AnDIscoMBE.-Sunday, July 26th, was another landmark in the history of the Addiscombe Division. On that day the Right Rev. The Bishop of Croydon dedicated the new car which had been added to the Division fleet of ambulances.

The service was held in the grounds of the vVhitgift Middle School but, owing to rain, it had to be somewhat curtailed.

District Officer E. J. Prew was in charge of the parade which in addition to Brigade personnel, inclucl'ed the Croydon B.R.CS. (men and women), and Croydon Old Contemptibles. Music was supplied by the Croydon Salvation Army Band.

The Mayor of Croydon (Alderman Arthur Peters, CB.E., J.P.), said it was his great privilege of handing over the splendid new ambulance to the charge of the Addiscombe Division. The public of Croydon were proud of the work carried out by the officers and members, and

The new ambulance, which has b e en de cribed a " second to none in the South of En g land," i an Austin 20 chassis with a body built by Lomas, Ltd., of Manchester. It is streamlined and finished in black and cream with the Duke of Connaught's crest in red and gold above the St. John crest. The interior is white with fittings of mahogany and has accommodation for two stretcher and one sitting cases or one stretcher and three sitting patients in addition to two attendants.

The stretchers are of the" Lomas" type, fitted with spring mattress and winding-up head on which is a " Float-on-Air" bed. Each have a patent locking device and stainless steel runners.

In addition to the usual fittings a "N ovox " Respirator is carried and a Clayton combined heater and fan and deoderiser fitted. Purdah glass is fitted to all windows; the floor is of rubber.

The chassis is fitted with fixed automatic jacks. Extra lighting consists of a combined inspection and fog lamp; while a flood light is fitted at the rear for loading or attending to accidents after dark.

Coming Events

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars of forthcoming events f(1f inclusion (free of cbarge) under this heading

SEPTEMBER.

5.-Southern Area, No.1 District, S.] .A. B., Field Day.

6. - Church Parade, Catholic Members, S .J A. B., Church of the Sacred Heart, Horseferry Road, Westminster.

12.-Barnoldswick Corps, S.J.A. B., Open Ambulance and Nursing Competitions.

19. - Wakefield Centre, S.].A.A., "Milton" Shield Annual Competition, Wakefield.

22. -Aldershot and District Corps, S.J. A. B., I n spection.

26.- Fifth Annual Conference No. 4 (Lancash ire) District, S. J A. B., Q ueen's Ha ll , \ \ligan.

OCTOBER.

4.- Nestern Area, No 1 Dist r ict, S.J_A.B., Ch u rch P arade Priory Church of the Order of St. J ohn. ' Ham and Inte r -district Cha ll e o ae C u p Competitwo.

27.-Western Area, No.1 District S JAB Ann 1 S I Caxton Hall, Westminster. ., u a - QCla ,

An excellent little Booklet entitled" X ote of Lectures on Air Raid Precautions," has recently been is LIed and can be obtained from the Stores Department, St. John's Gale, London, E. C.i, at 3!d. per cory, post fret'.

Dean and Chapter Colliery" A" Team. Standing, from left: \V. Butterfield, \V. Alderson, L. Smith (Reserve), J Priestnall, G. Kerry. Sealed: Div . Supt. W. II. Forg-an, D. Kerry (captain), Div. Secretarr YV. l\lather.

Extra cts from the Manual of Ins t ruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff .*

(Contiuued Jroll7 J.)

.MECHANIS:\I OF RESPIRATION.

Insp£ratz'on is the act of drawing air into the lungs.

Expz'ratz'on is the act of expelling air from the lungs.

Inspz'7'ation is a purely muscular effort. The capacity of the chest is increased, and so air rushes in through the air passages to fill increased space and expand the lu ngs.

In ordz'nary quz'et z'nsp£'rat£on the muscles concerned are the diaphragm and the external intercostals.

The diaphragm is, when at rest, a dome-shaped muscle arched upwards into the chest. '.iVhen it contracts it becomes flattened, and so the length of the thoracic cavity is increased.

The external in ter-.:ostal muscles raise the ribs. Owing to the conical shape of the chest, when these muscles contract, ribs with a larger curve are brought into the position previously occupied by those with a smaller curve. Hence the width of the thoracic oavity is increased. The ribs at rest slope downwards and forwards; when raised they become more horizontal, and so there is a greater distance between the vertebrce and the sternum. Therefore the depth of the thoracic cavity is increased.

Dzwing deep £nsjz'ratz'on other muscles are also employed, the chief of these are:- The sternomastoid, and pectoral muscles, whose action is to further raise the ribs.

Expz'7'atz'on. in quiet breathing, is not a muscular effort, but is due to the relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and to the elastic recoil of the lungs, which, together, are sufficient to drive out the air.

Forcevt brings muscles into play

The internal intercostal muscles draw down the ribs, and the abdominal muscles by contracting, force the abdominal contents upwards, and so increase the arch of the diaphragm and diminish the size of the thorax.

\Vhen at re t, respi ration takes place at the rate of about 16 to 13 times a minute.

THE I TERCllA:'\'<.. E OF GASES.

It has now been shown that air enters the lungs through the respiratory passages, and blood enters the lungs b.\ ' th [lulmonary artery. The blood which enters the lungs is dark, il1lf1ure venous blood.

During its passage through the body th blood has given up to the tissues th oxygen it contained on leaving the left vcntri Ie, and ha absorbed moisture and carbon di-o'l:ickj giving il a dark colour.

In the lungs the blood gives UI the arbon di-oxide and moisture, and absorbs o"yg n from the air. This is brought about by the in the red blood corpuscles. It then leaves the lungs as bright red arterial blood. H.cmcrnbcr that in the pulmonary circulation the arteries contain venous blood, and the veins arterial blooJ.

The air which ellters the lungs has the [olio\\,ing percentage composition

(4) TIlE DIGE nVE YSTEl\1.

Diaestion is the process by which food is conb h verted into simpler substances, whlc can be absorbed into the body to provide energy and heat, and to ma ke up [or the wear and tear of the tissues.

Nutrition of the Body. The body is composed of a number of elements, the chief of which are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur ane! Iron.

By combination of these elements all the tissues of the body are built tip.

Food must be taken into the body for the arowth and repair of tissues, and [or providing for work and body heat.. Only a small quantity of the Jood .consumed IS for .the arowth and repCllr of tissues, the proportion being greatest in the early years of life.

L The production of heat and work is due to the burning up of the food taken into the body.

FOOD.

The various forms of food may be divided into the following lasses - all of which are e sential for the nourish men t of th body - protei ns, carbohydrates, fats, mineral substances, water and vitamins.

Protel'JZs, or .LYdrocrcllollS .Foods, are found in such articles of diet as lean meat, white of egg, chcese, peas, beans, and milk. They supply mat rial for the growth and r pair of body tissue, and furnish a small amount of eneray.

Carbohydrates consist of sugar and starch, and are found in flour, bread, rice, potatoes and other roots. These produce heat and energy.

Fals are found in butter, cream, and the fat of nleat. These produce heat and energy.

AID. 35

There are four known varieties of vitamins, ca IIed I' A ," "B ," " C," " D. "

Vzlamz'1l "A" is found in animal fats, beef fat, fish oils, egg yolk, milk, and green leaves.

A lack of this vitamin in the diet prevents gro\Vth in the you ng.

Vz'lalllz'1l "B" is present in most natural foods, especially in cereals, eggs, yeast, liver and brain. leat contains little.

A of this vitamin in the diet brings about a disease called Ben' Ben;, which is described later.

Vzlarnz'n " C" is found in the green leaves of plan ts, such as cabbage, lettuce, etc., roots such as carrots and swedes, fruits such as oranges, lemons and tomatoes, sprouting seeds and fresh mi:k.

A lack of this vitamin brings about a condition known as SCZt1"vy.

V£tamz'n "D." This vitamin is contained in the same substances as Vitamin" A," particularly in cod liver oil.

A lack of this vitamin causes Rickets in growing children.

and green vegetables make any ordinary diet safe by providing a sufficient amount of vitami ns.

TIlE ORGAN OF DIGESTIO, AND THEIR Fu nONS.

The Organs of Dz'gestz'on consist of the Alimentary Canal and certai n accessory organs.

Tize Alzmentary Canal is a long tube starting at the mouth and ending at the anus. It i ncl udes :-

The The Stomach.

The air which leaves the lungs has about the following percentage composition :-

lIIilleral Substances. The body requires certain mineral substances, of which the chief are the chlorides and phosphates of sodium and potassium; also phosphorus, iron and lime. Most organic foods contaili mineral substances. 1\1ilk is rich in lime.

The Pharynx. The Small Intestines.

The CEsophagus. The Large Intestines

The Acce.lso?']' Organs are :--

The Teeth. The Gastric and Intestinal Glands

The Tongue. The Liver.

It will thus be seen that in the lungs the air loses about 4 per cent. of oxygen and gains about 4 per cent. of carbon di-oxide.

The nitrogen and argon of the air pass in and out of the lungs unchanged.

All air contains a certain amount of moisture; but, as the amount varies with the place, surroundings, and weather, it has not been shown in the above table. One thing, however, is definite, the amount of moisture is always greater in expired than in inspired air.

Water supplies the body with moisture. It forms over 60 per cent. of the weight of the body. It is essential to keep the tissues soft and flexible, and for the processes of digestion, absorption and excretion.

VITA:\lINS.

A diet may contain the correct proportions of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, mineral matter, and water, and yet be lacking in some factor necessary for the maintenance of normal health.

Research has shown that these factors are vitamins; and if they are excluded from the diet, lack of growth or certai n diseases appear.

The composition of these ,-itamins is unknown, and sunshi ne is necessary for their prod uction.

The Salivary Glands. The Pancreas.

The louth is bounded in front by the lips, at the sides by the cheeks, above by the palate, and behind by the soft palate and fauces, while the floor is com posed of muscles. 1\1 ucous mem brane lines the whole of the cavity.

Palate, or Roof of the lIIoutlz, consi_ ts of two portions-the hard and the soft palate. The bard palate is in front, and is formed by the superior maxillce and the palate bones; the soft palate is behind, and consists of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane.

Hanging from its free border is a long conical process, ca l led the Uvula, at each side of which are

* Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H. M. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H. M. Slationt'ry Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, \V. C. 2, or any branch, price 4/ Sd. post free.

two folds of mucous membrane, called the P£lla1'S of the Fauces, between which lie the Tons£ls.

The Tongue is a muscular organ attached to the hyoid bone and the pharynx. It is the organ of taste, and also serves to mix the food and push it between the teeth so that it may be masticated.

The Teeth in the adult are thirty-two in number, sixteen in each jaw, and are of four kinds. There are :-

8 I ncisor Teeth.

4- Canine Teeth.

8 Bicuspid Teeth.

12 Teeth.

The last molars are called the liVz'sdom Teeth, because they do not appear until from the 17th to the 25th yea r of life.

In the fron t of the mouth the teeth are sharp and are used fo r cutting; while at the back they are flat and act as g rinders of food.

The teeth are set in sockets in the jaws, which are covered by the gu ms.

Each tooth has a l: rown, a neck, and one or more fangs or roots, and is composed of dentine covered by a thin layer of enamel.

The centre of the tooth is hollow, and contains the pulp, which is supplied with blood vessels and nerves. These enter the cav;ty by a small opening at the end of each root.

The Salivary Glands secrete saliva. There are three pairs, the parotids, the submaxillary and the sub -lin gual glands.

The Parotzd Glands surround the lower part of the ea r s. Each gland has one duct, which opens on the inner side of the cheek, opposite the second molar tooth.

The Subnzaxz'llmy Glands lie under the lower jaw. Each gland has one duct, which opens on the floor of the mou th under the tongue.

The Sublingual Glands lie under the tongue. Each gland has about twenty small ducts, which open on to the floor of the mouth.

When the food enters the mouth it is chewed or masticated by the teeth, and mixed with saliva from the sa li vary g lands.

Saliva is a watery alkaline and rather slimy fluid, containing a ferment called Ptyalin, which has the power of converting starch (insoluble) into sugar (so lubl e) . Saliva also moistens the mouth, and so aids speaking and swallowing.

After being masticated by the teeth and moi stened with saliva, the food is formed into a ball by the tongue and is passed backwards into the pharynx and cesophag us. This is called the act of swallowing, or D eglutition

Swallowing is a muscular effort; the food does not fall down the ces ophagus. At the commencement of the act the larynx moves upwards, th is allows the epiglottis to fall over the opening of the larynx and prev ents food passing into it.

AI D .

The Pharynx has already been described. The CEsophagus, or Gullet, is a muscular tube about 9 inches long, which connects the pharynx with the stomach, an opening in the diaphragm. It IS lIned WIth mucous membrane.

(To be cont1"nue d.)

S.J.A. B. Overseas.

EW ZEAL\I\D.

Th e" Grand Prior' " Badge has been a \\ a rded Brian Ainger and Clare n ce Baldwin, Y.;\1. .\ Cadet Ambulance Di vis ion , and Patrick hanl1ahan, Chn tc hur c h N o. :3 Cadet Divi ion.

The Qu arterly compet iti on for the "ToneyclifTe" Cup w as held in Tim a ru and r es ul ted in a win for Timaru '0. 2 t eam

Th e divi siona l competit ion of the hristchulch .\mhulan ce Divi sio n for the" Chapman" Cup and Va were held on May 27th. In a clo e contest Pte. L. H. Ea ·t\\·ick (leader), Ptes. 1. O. Barr, T. G. Morgan, and B. W Hall were the winners.

The format ion of the Brigade Band in 'hristcl1urch i making good progress and a r ecruiting has been starte d .

The c up presented to the No. 3 Field N.Z. M. c., by taff-Sergeant E. Gilberd, for tht: most cnlClent memher for the year, was won by Corporal C. Poulton, \\"ho is also a member of the No.3 Ambu lance Division.

RHODE

Th e annual r et urn of the Rhod esian Railway District for 1Q35 gives the fo ll ow ing particulars :-Cases attended by members whil st on public dut y, 719 ; in add iti on, 2,030 case's re ce ive d attentio n durin g working hours on railway premi e . Tw enty -five r emova ls were undertaken, mainly stretcher cases transhipped at Bulawayo Station.

The strength of the Di strict on D ecember 31st, 1935, was 5 se nior offices at Bulawayo, an d 4 surgeon,S s up erintend e nts, 5 ambulance officers, 10 N.C.O.' s, 100 men an d 19 ambulance sisters, making a gran d toLal of 148. Colonel Sleeman co nduct ed the a nnu a l inspection on November 9th and r e ported that a ll Di visions were keen and efficient.

Mr. W. J. R asta ll has been promoted Lo Lhe rank o f District Office r. His assoc iation with the 1. John m ove m e nt dates from 1906 , when he received hi s flrst aid ce rti ficate while in th e service of the South African R ai lw ays at Pretoria H e h e ld the rank of Corps Sup er int e nd e nt s in ce January 1931.

Seven members of the Bulawayo Nur s ing Divi s ion undertook a course in Hygiene a nd were s u ccess ful in qualifying for the Hygiene certiflcate.

Several members perform ed Defe n ce Force M.edical section duties at the Camp held near Gwelo. This experience proved of great value to then.1 in their ordinary Brigade duties.

Does your colleagu e read F IR S T AID , i f not , s end us his address and we w ill post him a copy _

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Gr eat We ster n.

CHALFORD. - The annual competition for the ( Edwards r, Shield, given by Dr. C. D. Edwards to the Chalford and District Ambulance Class, was held on July 5th. The contest comprised both team and individual work, the adjudicator being Dr. A. V. Dill, who was as isted by 11r. VV. E. J. Perks, Divisional Secretary. Three teams participated and the result was declared as under: Winner of Shield, A team (captain, Mr. A. J. vVilliams), 150 marks; 2nd, B team (captain, Mr. M. R. \Vorsfold), 14-9 mark. l\Ir. R. H. Taysum, calling upon Mrs. Perks to present the trophy to the winning team, expressed the gratitude of the cla s to Dr. Edwards for his gift of the trophy and to Dr. Dill for his service as adjudicator. Dr. Dill spoke of the good work performed by the competing teams .

LU,IPETER -Members of the Lampeter Ambulance Class held their annual gatherinO" last month, when 1\1r. D. Spurrell Davies, Asst. Di trict Traffic Manager, presented examination a wa rd. Among those present were the Mayor and Mayoress of Lampeter, Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer Lloyd, Mrs. Rees Thomas, 11r. R. J. R. Loxdale, J.P., and Mr. T. . A. lIod on, Div. Ambulance Secretary.

II. C. Cooper, tatlOn ma ler, presided and welcomed the guests. They had in the he said, a staunch supporter of the am hulance movement, while Mr. Charles Evans and Mr. Loxdale had both shown their interest by competition trophies. The Lampeter team had thIS year had the honour of winning the" Charles Evans" Cup.

The Mayor, proposing the toast of the Great Western Railway Ambulance Movement, paid tribute to the r ail:vvay and its first-aid workers, and Mr. H odson, respondIng, re.ferred to the splendid progress made during recent years In the Central vVales Division.

Mrs. Rees Thomas presented the" Evans" Cup to the team, and gold efficiency medals were distributed by 11r. Loxdale An. interesting feature in the proceedings was the presentatlOll by the Mayoress of a cake dish to 11r. J. L: Jones on behalf of the class in appreciation of his serVIces as secretary.

. annual social and supper in connectlOn WIth the Penarth Town Ambulance Class took place on July 20th, at the Red Cross Hall, and was presided over by Mr. A. W. Hollingdale, Divisi onal Engineer. A large number o f gold efficiency medals and examination awa rds were distributed by Mr. F. G Wainwright, Di v . Supt., who congratulated the recipients on their success.

DOLGELLEy.-A pleasing function took place on July 24th, wllen the Ambulanc e Cup was pres e nted to the Dolgelley Beg Inners' team. Mr. J. R. M o rris , Div. Supt., the donor of the trophy, said he was g ra tified at the of th e team and asked Lt.-Col. W. H Hall, forme r DIstrict Goods Manager at Shrewsbury to present cup, he. did with a few well Mr. MartIn, DIstrIct Goods Mana ge r , LIverpool, and Mr.

Robert Vaughan, D.L., J.P., an enthusiastic admirer of the movement al 0 added their congratulations to the Dolgelley class.

PLYl\WUTH.-As reported in Ollr issue of July, a posthumous award of the Vellum Vote of Thank of the Order of St. John was recently made to the late 11r. R. G. odde r, Div: Amb ecretary, G.W.R., Plymouth Division, and hIgh tnbute was paid to his memory when 1\1r. S. Pear on, District Traffic Manager, presented the framed certi.ficate to l1rs. N odder in recognition of her husband's erVlces, not only during his ten years of divi ional secretaryship, but prior to that time, when he was Secretary of the Liskeard class It was recalled that Mr. ?\ odder had received the Company's special certificate for exceptionally efficient first aid in 1933. Special reference was made to the valued a sistance that Xodder had re.ndered to her late hushand during his long association WIth the movement.

TRAxsPoRT.-A case which was without precedent was recently recorded in the press, in which a Dutch seaman, suffering from a fractured pelvis, was transported from a Fower Hospital to FlushinO". The ,( ParraH" stretcher, designed by a G.\V .R. at TauI?t.on, was placed at the disposal of the hospItal authontles. The patient ,,,as placed on the at Fowey and conveyed by night train to Paddmgton, where he was met by an ambulance and driven to Liverpool Street station. He was placed on the boat train for Harwich and put on the L.N.E.R. steamer. The j(;)Urney 19 and as first-aiders will a ppr eCIate, It was Imperatlve that transport should be effected without moving the patient.

Lo nd o

n, Mid land a nd Sc ott i sh .

BLETCIILEY -Mr ._ w. J. Brown recently presented Cl' ards to the succe tlll class members, which consisted of. 11 first-year certl1icates; 5 econd-year vouchers; 6 thIrd-yea r medallions and 26 labels. Mr. R. F. Cave (15 a nd Mr. C. W. Basford (25 years), rec eived long-servIce gold medals.

MARKET HARBOROUGII.-The annual presentation of awards took on July 26th. Owing to the absence of Mr. Gee, the chaIr was taken by 11r. E. H. Jon es, Class Secretary.

pr. ? P. Stoker, Lecturer, presented the award, and In hIS remarks mentIoned how much he enjoyed !riving the lectures 1 and also the need for more ambu lanc e to be enrolled

The Chairman thanked Dr. S to k er on be half of the Company and Class fo r his past services and his valuable help and advice in preparing for competitions.

Mr. W. G. Backhurst, team seconding the of than!.;:s,. remarked that a pr.act.lcal way of showing th.elr would be by wmmng next year's Distnct Competltlons.

The awards pre ented \nre: Fir't-Year ertificatcs, 1 ; 2; Label , 13; Long enice Gold 1\ledal 2,

TREDEG \R.-il1r. R. Robert pre ided onf a good attendance at the annual di tribution of prize, held on July 17th, at which il1r. C. H. Tait and 1\1r. L. "'allis pre ented -+ Fir t Year Certificate, 1 Youcher, and 18 Lab e ls. 'Yallis handed oyer the Goulborn " hield, \\'on by Trede o' ar No.1 Team, of which ::\1r. T. C. Pugh is captain, and congratulated the winners. 1\1r. Tait pre ented Long en ice gold medal to the follO\\'ing for 15 years' sen ice: ,V. H. Toomh E. E. Nugent, J. H. Dayie , F. J. Diment. G. v\ Tilliams and A. F. \\·illiams and a gold bar to 1\1r. J. Cobner, Blaenavon, for 20 years' sen ice.

::\1r. Tait made an earnest appeal to the young man entering the en'ice to take up the amhulance moye111ent and referred to the hard \York of ilI1'. F. J. Diment, Cla Secretary, \\ho had performed in that capacity for many years \\'ith contagious enthusiasm.

london and NOI"th Eastern. AREA

::\1r. S. Cooper (Secretary) has issued his annual report for the year ended June 30th, 1936) which, we are pleased to note , g ins definite signs that ambulance work in the 1'\.E. Area is making excellent progress.

During the past season 142 classes were held: Darlington 2-+, Hull 17, Leeds 11, ::\1iddlesbrough 19, K e\\'castle -+-+, and Y o rk 27; an increa e of 18 oyer the preyious year. A total of 2)813 pas es \\'ere recorded at e xaminations (an incr e ase of 117) and there is yet the result of one examination to come in and four examinations still to tak e place. Since the formation of the Cen t re, over 50 , 000 awards have been g-ained,

The accident returns number 76,692, individual distrIct numbers being Darlington 32,313, Hull 11,907, Leeds 3,463, :'Iiddlesbrough 5,734, Newcastle 11,-+70 and York 11 ,803. Since 1896 the total of cases attended now totals 1,677,907.

Competitions were again a great success, 54 teams entering the Di trict events. Hull Dairycoates were the ultimate winners of the Area" vVharton" Shield.

During the year under review 67 gold medals for 15 years; 9 bars for 20 years, 8 bars for 23 years, 8 bars for 30 years and 2 bars for 23 years examination successes were awarded members of the Centre

11r. Cooper concludes his report by extending- his thanks to Secretaries and others who have rendered such yeoman service.

Mr. A. Atkinson, Centrj: Chairman and York District Secretary, presided at the annual meeting of the .E. Area Centre, which was held on Sunday, July 26th, at Harrogate.

11r. J. Steel, Goods Agent, Harrogate, and Presiclent of the Leeds District, welcomed the members.

T.he District Secretaries, Messrs. S. P. Thompson (Darl1l1gton), G, H. Oakes (Hull), A. Atkinson (York)

A. E: J. G. Hansell (Leeds) and ]. submitted their annual reports, whIch were conSIdered very satisfactory.

Mr S. Cooper) Secretary, presented his r eport, extracts of whIch arc gIven above.

AID.

Thc followin o Officer' were ullanimously reelected: - ;:-,

Honorary President, ir R. L. vVeclgewood; Pre iclent, Thos Hornsby, Esq ; Centre Chairman, Mr. A Atkin 'on; Centre Secretary. ::\Ir. Cooper.

11r. G. Murray, Ne\\ca tie, \\ a unanim()usly acceptul a' an honorary member of the General Coullcil Jl1 recognition of the valuable en'ice he had rendered to the cau c of first aid.

The Hull Di trict Field Day Ambulance C()mpetitioll, which wa held on the grol1nd: of thc L.KE.H. \ thll'tic Ouh, South coates Lane, had to he adjourned ()\\ to rain after two team ' had competed, to the 'uulhcoate' Lane School Room. It i pleasing to note that this I the first time in 17 ),eaL that this procedure had to hL resorted to owino- to rain.

Nine team entered for the team \\ ork. and 12 firstyear tudent \\ erc put th rough a fairly stilT test in the individual competition.

The judges were Dr ' .]. :'1. IIermon, X. and L. F. \ Vilson. -

-:'Ilr. \\' Kix()l1, Chairman of the IIull district. Illtr()duced l\Ir. \\-. T. they (\,ice-Prl'ielent), \\'h() prLsll1e<l, and -:'IIr Athey. )'lr. Athey, after congratulating the \\ inning team. aid that ill vicw of the tragedIes occurrillt.: \\eekly on the road, it behoyed every man to know 'ol11ething' about fir t aid.

' :'1rs .•\they pre. entecl the John Larder" Chalknt:L Shiekl to the Vair} coates team, \\ ho WLTe the willners \\ ith 23-+ point, heillg closely follo,,"ed 11\ the Dock Engineer' l\O, 1 team \\ ith _33 p()int". -

The first-year studcnts' clll1lpLlitiClIl \\;IS \\Oll h,\ .2\1r. Barker with 38 poinh, follr)\\ cd h\ :'1 r. \\. hit 1Il1 with 36 point, -

Dr. J. 1\1. Hermoll, \\ ho \\ a - rL';pon ihlc iClr the tL am te t, congratulated the team , Oil t he \\ (1\ that thL\ had performed the work ane! said he al\\'iws t;'icd t() "L t 'a tll to deal with uch a they might cOI;,e ill touch \\ Ith 111 their daily work.

, S. Cooper. Centre 'ecretary. pre ellted a SerVIce gold meclal to 1\I1'. F. Barnell) for hl L1l sllccessful in passin£!,' 15 ClIlI1U;t1 e, -amillations.

The arrangell1cnts \\ere 111 the hand uf .2\11'. C;. II. Oake , the Hull District ecretary, supported hy memhers of his Committee

The presentation of the class award , in cOllnection the Yard ter's class took place all Sunday, July 19th, m the orth Road tation Ambulance Room.

Mr. R. Gill,. Goods Agent, DarlingtOIl, pre ided, the class awards belllg pre ented by Mrs. Gill, who congratulated members on attaining 100 per cent. pass and emphaSIsed the need for ambulance workers in thesc clays of speed and wheels

Mr. S. P. Thompson, District Secretary in welcoming ::\1r. and Mrs. Gill, stated it was a great pleasure to see them at thi function, particularly as 1\1r. Gill was not only intere.sted in the movement, but was himself a qualified. a lder who had taken part in severa l l arge C0111pelltlOns.

Councillor S. IIardwick, J.P. , thanked Mr. and M r s Gill for their attendance and Mr. Corry for his kindness in giving the cinema display.

The arrangements were in the ab l e hands of Mr. F. Wilson, Class Secre,ta ry who was assisted by Mr. M. Darnes, the Class Chairman

An int erest in g competi ti o n t ook place o n Wednesday,

Jllly 15th, in tIle Lecture Hall, Paragon .Station, when two railway ambulance team met 111 competltlOn to decide the winners of a much-coveted trophy, the " Braund JJ Rose Bowl.

The two teams are members of the Hull District Railway Ambulanc\.! League, formed last year. Seven team took part \',' hel1 each in friendly rivalry met each other twice durin o the ' e sioll) \\, ith the result that the Dai rycoate team and that of the Mechanical Engineers tied for first each ohtaining: 19 points A final eyent took place, Dairyc()aleS gained 173 points on the team work and 122 point individual, totalling 295 points. Engineer'S team, 162 points stretcher, and 1271 points indiyidual, total 28n points) thu Dairycoates \\ ere declared the winner of the trophy, which was presented to them by J. . Harper) the District President.

A. Atkinson, of York, the Centre Chairman, ()fficiated as judge, and II. Hodges a timckeeper.

),Iany friend werl pn:"ent, including Harper.

Mr. \\'. :\ixClIl, DI'Slricl hairmtln, :L-.lr. Parish and Mrs. Parish.

A volt: of thanks wa accorded to Atkin Oil hy the captains oj the teanL, :'1r. S. Jack, (lll, and II. Crad) respectivcly, and ::\11'. C. II. Oakes. Di trict tar)" exprl'S ' eel thallk to ]\1r. and ::\Irs, IIarper

Southe,.,n.

ALTO.\.-The a\\ an)... h) tht: memhLrs of tht: \It()11 Ambulance lIas wcre pn"Llltcd recently to the successful l':tndidatls b} the \\ife of the Lecturer (1\lr. \\ Illialll'S), Dr. \Yilliam<;, \\ ho has in , tnlctccl the cIa s for the last ninc years, congratulated the recipient - on doing 0 well, hut said he hoped tht:y \\oulel get more Illl'll to join. The Doctnr addcd that hL' \\ a "'me the public appreciated the Rail\\ aYlllen" en' ice in connection with first aid.

RrWJIILL.-Thl.' annual eli tribution of awards for fir t aid in connectiull \\"Ith the Redhill Ambulance cIa took place recently \\hen the recipients included members of the Borough Police, \\"ho ha\'e been among the pupils at the classes,

::\11'. L. ears (A t. Di\· llPt., London Bridge), pre ided o\'er a good attendance, and \Va upportcd by T. ReI 'cy (Loco Foreman), ::\1r. II. IIullneyhcll (Class Secretary), Dr. An tey Chave (Hon. Lecturer) and Mr F. Trott (Acting District Secretary, Horsham). The Chairman expres ed plea nrc at the intere t being stimulated at Redhill with regard to ambulance work, and said it was very satisfactory to hear that there were a number of recruits to receive awards. They tried to foster the movement of first aid because they never knew \\ hen they mig-ht be called upon to give as i tance in emergency, and after all, what could be better than for a man to make him elf proficient to r<:nder service when needed. Although it took a good {I<::al of their time to attend the classes so ably conducted by Dr. Chaye, they had sati faction at the same time of knowing they were workmg for a good cause

Hunneyhell (Class ecretary) reported on the actlvll1es of the class and said that at the commencement of the yea r there werc 60 on t h e register, but, clue to re1110"a l s, that Ilumher had fallen to 57 acti"e members, compared with 51 the p r evious year and 46 the year before

awa r ds were presented by 1\1r C. Y. Hill (DIVIS Iona l Engineer) w h o was accorded a hearty welcome.

A I D. 39

2\11'. Hill spoke of the value of ambulance work and efficient knowledge of first aid in emergency He congratulated the recipients of the awards.

During the evening ::\1r. Hill presented to Dr. Chave an emlJos ed blotter in token of the appreciation of the class for what he had done for them in the past.

Railways and the S.J.A. B.

The result of the" Dewar" shie ld competition this year brillg-s to notice a rather interesting facl. App r oximately 1000 teams entered ill the illitial !:ltages tl'Joughout the country and it is significant that the teams 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th places in the final competition \\'ere al l COI11posed of railwaymen.

OIL idering til(' natural difficullies \"ith \\ hich many rail\\'Cl) man are facetl, o\\' i ng to their varying turns of duty, in securing opportunities for lull team practices, it lan be said thal the result this year is a great tribute to the efficienc\ and interest of railwaymen in ambulance work. \\' el l 'done, the rail ways!

It may be asked: " Is this an exceptional year?" Th at is a fair question and requires a reply based on achie\ ements. \\'hilst the 1936 results constitute a record achie\'ement so far as the railways are concerned, it is a re ult \\'hich has imprO\'ed from rea r to year up to its present standard.

On examination of the results \\ e find that from 1932 to 1935 inclusive the first place in the" Dewar" shield has been \\'on each year by a team of rail\\,aY111en, In addition, during- the same period, teams composed of h,Wl' gained the second place on t\\'o C1ccaSlons. ThiS, !:lurel\" is r ather rCI-:1arkable and speaks \'olumes for the first aid training on the railway.

In spile of all difficulties, the results pro\'e that it is the rail \ 'a) man \\'ho g-ets t here because of his high railway standard of 5en'ice to olhers and the encouragement recei\'ed from the railway managements.

Some idea of lhe intere t taken by rail\\'aymen in ambulance \\'ork may be gathered from the fact that on the fo ur l11 lin lin es no fe\\'er than 2 ,000 of their tafC qualified for the \'arious award of the St jC1hn Ambulance As ociation frC1m certificale to labels of J1Iany years' standing in the last St. J ohn ambulance year.

It would appear from the foregoing that the railway employees are pre-eminent in the art of first aid, although the need for their crviccs might be considered trifling as compared \\'ith the sen'ices required in this direction on the roads.

As member of lhe t. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, h o\\,e \ cr, it is interesting to know that arge numbers of railwaymen assist in many in stances those wh o travel by other means than the railway.

I ajo r G, II. Green, of Olds\\'inford, tourbr id g-e, ha a si h 'er c up to R owley R egis Di\' is io n , S.J. \. B., ",hid, is to be com peted for ann u a lly by teams of one X C. O. and fo ur privat es in e lTi cie n cy tests.

The Table II of War Gases which appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2 -, per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4.

..

Principle Rules for Resllscitation.

By DR. L. TELEKY, Dusseldorf.

THROUGH practical experiments of resuscitation on more than LOO dead, apparently dead, asphxiated and deep unconscious people, and through experience from about 400 cases of poisoning and studies of reports on this subject, I have come to the following result:-

1. The expression "resuscitation" is only adaptable with asphyxia, not in cases of weakness or unconsciousness.

2. I naccuracy concern ing this su bject has led to worthless methods having been recommended. This has also been the case when concl usions have been made from the place of exercise, where people who only acted as having met with an acciden t have been attended.

3. The person who attends has to remem ber that asphyxia only lasts for a few minutes, so that resuscitation must be tried at. once without losing time.

4. By all methods of artificial breathing the air-passage must be kept free. The difficulties may be great. If these are not overcome, artificial breathing is of no use. Only the pulmotor calls automatically one's attention on the stopping of the air-passage. Advancing of the under-jaw assists in holding free the passage.

S. Silvester's method is the most effective of manual methods for artificial breathing. The advantage of manual methods is, that they can be executed immediately, the drawback that they claim much force and endurance.

6. Among the apparatus the Inlzabad gives the same as Silvester. The Pulmotor gives a better ventilation of the lungs and makes it possible to add oxygen eventually carbonic acid at the same time, and Pulmotor shows, as already said, a stopping of the air-passage. The administration of the pulmotor reg uires more care than usual. It ough t to be found in every rescue-station.

7. Besides artificial brearhi ng massage of the heart and injections stimulating the centres of the heart and the respiration must be given-especially Coramine and Lobeline. Any other manipulation has to be avoided, being of no use and even timelosing.

S. Every life-saving organisation must dispose of an established physician, an accident one being without necessary experience; also on account of collecting material for comparison and improvement of the methods.

9. The effort of revival must be continued until death is surely shown by rigidity of the

muscles, often at least an hour, and much longer at an electric shock.

10. Layman must be solidly trained, especially in keeping the air-passage free, in managing utensils and in injections. Medical students as well must have a course in revival, and al I physicians ought to study the periodical press concerning this subject. - Extract from lecture given at the fourth International Congress of Life aving and First Aid in Cases of Accident.

A. J. Thofllas's Modification of the Thomas Knee Splint. *'

, U? e rill/Cllde lll, '»dll ( J J.lunicipal C OllllcLi Dh' isiOJl, St, .101m

(Conl/ll11Cci /1'0111 page 1 2 ).

THE length of the inner side bar is th ree feet six inches (large size), the outer bar being five inches longer, This length varies as does the length of the whole splint in the two smaller sizes. This length was by the length of the civil am bulance waggon, and is just Ion a enou ah for a b b patIent whose height is six feet. It should be three inches longer, but a splint of such length would not, when applied to the patient, fit into the waggons.

Figure 2 shows the splint assembled with the

bandaaes folded into "narrow bandages" (St. John ;attern); (c) shows a padded wedge to place inside the outer part of t?e rlng the splint be too large; (d) shows eIght alumInium autter splints, ten by five inches, eight by five inches, ten by [our inches, eight by four inches, two ten by three inches, two eighteen by f.our inches; (e) shows four zinc-sprayed paper clIps. Figure 3 shows the method of joining the two ends.

the splint with two basils on the upper half and two on the lower half.

2

largest head and the other two heads and accessories placed by its side. The splint accessor ies are shown in Figure 2 as follows: (a) shows four pieces of basil two inches wide and fifteen inches long, each inner end being sown to make a loop to slide along the inner bar. The outer ends are to the outer bar :vith paper clips (sprayed WIth zInc); (b) shows eIght standard triangular

* Reprinted from the Medz'cal Jou1'1wl of A ustralz'a.

stretcher bar designed by A.J.T. The uprights are one foot tpn inches long and may be clamped on to any stretcher. The grooved blocks are to make them adaptable for use on hospital beds. The cross-piece is two feet long for stretchers and three feet long for hospital beds.

Figure 5 shows, lying on the ground, a

placi ng a bottle knot wi th a " narrow bandage" over the shoe of a patient's lim b. Number 2 is supporting the limb with fi8.t hands (not gripping fingers) placed under the knee. The bearer should apply his hands gently but firmly, and should exert traction forwards and down wards. N urn ber 1, having applied the bottle knot, grasps the two ends of the bandage and, in unison with number 2, gradually takes the strain, leaning back to straighten the limb, using the weight of his own body, with elbows extended.

patient who has a fracture about the middle of his left thigh.

Figure 6 illustrates the first step-assembling

extension andlN umber 2 sliding the splint under the limb, pressing the ring against the tube'rtsclz£z'.

FIG.

FI J. 3.

Figure4 illu trat san improved (unassembled)

FIG. 4.

FIG. 5.

FIG 6.

Figure 7 shows step 2. Number 1 bearer IS

FIG. 7.

Figure 8 shows Number 1 maintaining the

FIG. t>.

One can see by the pleased expression on the patient's face that all pain has now ceased One of the writers, J.C.S., knows by eXj:'erience that, when a steady extension has been maintained for a few moments, such patients cxperience unexpected reI ier.

In Figu re 9, N umber has bu kled the strap

degree of pull is governcd by the Il.1turc of the Injury

In the case of a compound fracture or an injury of troe knee, just cnough to steady the limb would be used, and for a closed fracture of the thigh considerable extension.

In Figure 11 the two lower basils are clipped to the outer bar. An aluminium gutter plint is held behind the site of the fracture and supported at each end with a turn of "narrow bandage" round each side bar. The ends of the bandages are tied over an interior gutter splint. The knee is stead ied by a " narrow bandage, ' as is the cal f.

In Figu re 12 the patie 11 t has been lifted on to the stretcher.

is being handled, the end of the splint is held near the left upright. One of the uprights is now made fast to the handle of the stretcher (the uprights are on a swivel).

The time for complete treatment is as follows : assem bli ng spl in t, ten seconds t of fracture three minutes fifty seconds loading on to and slinging limb, two minutes forty-five seconds.

The method of applying the bottled knot is copied from an article by J. C. S. pLI bl ishecl i:i The ,1!ed/cal Journal of Australz'a of No\'em ber 24th, 193+.

(To be contz'nued.)

Bindi ng Copie s of " F.A. "

KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound.

Letters to the Editor .

We are in no way responsible for the opinions or the statements made, by Correspondents. -I DIToR.

DEAR SIR.-

Whilst in London recenLly I took the opportunity of calling at St. John's Gate. There I wa: and hO'vvl1 round various part, much to my satisfactIOn I was, howe"er, greatly impressed the of the Stores Department and the effiCient way 111 which orders are despatchcd. Dpon leaving .this I was handed a beautifully illustrated prtce hst contalnlIlg not only particulars of goods for use on duty, but also at ""ork and in the home.

Having been a member of the St. J Ambulance for nearly 12 years, it was a su:p.f1.se to me to obtain such a list and I wonder why every diVISion does not hm c a copy for its use.

Yours faithfully, Lancashire. " l\lDIBER. II

over a folded triangular bandage to stop pres.:,ure, and is fastening the upper two basi Is, ope above and one below the site of fracture (indicated by the mark on the trouser leg). Number 1 maintai ns the extension.

In Figure 10, l'\umber 2 now holds the trac -

tion bandage firmly on the side bars. Number 1 takes the ends round the side bars, makes them fast to the hook, and then slowly winds the handle, asking the patient to let him know if it is taut enough. \iVith the Bowden wire one can appreciate the amount of tension one is applying. The

If the patient be onsciolls and the other limb uninjured, he can, while the broken limb i5 supported, hel p hi msel f on to the stretcher. Otherwise it is advisable to obtain the aid of a by tander when lifting with t\Vo bearers. Note that the broken lim b is held clear of the stretcher by means of the paten t rest. I n the photograph, to accentuate this important point, a small box has been placed under the rest, but when the rest is on the ground the limb is still supported by [he splint and not by the canvas of the stretcher.

Figure 13 shows the splint slung from the

end your copies for the last Volume (J uly, 1935, to June, 1936) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the ti tIe of the pu blication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free.

Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s , post free.

Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD , 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E C.4. .---

During- the .\Ider hot Taltoo wcek memhers of the .\Ider hot and Corp, S. J ..\. B., performed 954 hours of road duty, and attended 43 ca c , of which 37 were at the i\lclershot Slat ion, on the l\YO Snturdc1Y nights.

[We understand from the Stores .:\lanager that of the rrice list is sent to e"ery 111 Dn lslo.n for the use of the members of hiS or her diVISion. It IS apparent, therefore, that some. officers, as y.our case, on receipt of their copy ju t put It away and It IS forgotten. \Ve " ould uocrest that the senior officer-in-charge should han!; the pric;list up in their di\ isional so that their mem bers can refer to same at any time. -EDITOR.]

At the Thorne Colliery Ambulance Competition, held on Saturday, July 18th, IIickleton l\1ain place with 164 points, followed by Kilnhurst Colliery with 161 Dunington, 60. 1\[r. G. of Hickleton won the 1I1dl \ idual prize.

Thirteen teams competed in the annual ambulance compeLition for the" .\shton l\lemorial" Cup, held at \Valeswood on August 8th. Sih erwood Colliery were flrst, Pontefract second and New tubbin Colliery third. '\1r. \V. Foster (Silvcrwood Colliery) gained first place in the individual competitions.

The annual competition for the "Lady utherland" Shield of the \Voolle), Colliery ambulance class, "'as held on Saturday, August 1st. Dr. H. K Beyerle)' being the judge. \Voolley Colliery No.1 team \\'ere placed \ Voodmore second and \Volley Colliery No.2 tll1rd. Thirteen teams competed. 1\1r. J. Allen won the indi\'idual event.

13

stretcher bar and t he patient ready for transport. The foot-rest is folded under the splint and a clove h itch is placed on each side bar. One end of each bandage is fixed by a clove hitch to the cross bar and the other end to the uprights . If the l eft l im b

l\!r\RRIAGE.-\Ve are pleased to announce the forthcomin'r marriage between 1\1r. ""alter Jennings, of the London Exchange, and l\1iss \Vinifred G. Church Brasier, only daughter of the late Brigade Chief. upt. \ V. J. Church Bra ier and Lady Supt. Church The " Chief," together \\ ith his wife, will ever be chenshed 111 the memory of the Brigade for their personification of the Ordl'r's motto - I' Fur the gooJ of l\lankind." \Ve undE>rstand the weddino' \vill take place in September at St. John's Church, and ,,\ extend to the bride and briJegroom elect our l1ea;tiest congratJlations and sincerest wishes for the future.

FIG. 9.

FIG. 10.

FIG. 11.

FIC. 1.z.

FIG

Dorking's New Austin Ambulance.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

, o. 3 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. KETTERING CORP .-The first member of this Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade to pass the examination in Air Raid Precautions is Lady Ambulance Officer Miss G. K. Smith, of Roth,Yell, Secretary of the Rothwell Nursing Di\ ision.

?\liss Smith, who is a member of the teaching staff at Stamford Road chools, Kettering, took the course in Air Raid Precautions held in London last ovember, and in the recent examination succeeded in passing both Grade I and Grade II.

Grade I entitles the holder both to lecture and examine members of the Brigade in this subject, and Miss Smith is to be warmly congratulated on her success.

:\0. 4 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. CROSFIELD TURSING Dl\·ISION.-This issue includes a photog-raph of this year's wmners of the South-West Lancs. District Tro;Jhy, who are members of the Crosfield 1 ursing Division.

The Diyision, which was formed in 1932, has already made a name for itself in competition work. Besides winningthe District Trophy this year, it also held it for 1933 and 1934.

Apart frol11 this, tlle Diyision, \\'ith a membership of 29, has 24 of the Voluntary Aid Detachment, a truly excellent percentag-e of its total streng-tho

No. 5 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

PRESE'TATION AT DENBY DALE. - Following the weekI V drill at the Ambulance Hall, Denby Dale, Dr. and Mrs. J ones were presented with a gentleman's morocco dressingcase with ebony fittings, and a crystal biscuit barrel, on Monday, July 20th. The gifts were in appreciation of services rendered to the Nursing Division by Dr. Jones as Divisional Surgeon, and by Mrs. Jones as Secretary.

Irs. Norton, President of the Nursing Division, made the presentation, and Mrs. Walter Kenyon, Vice-President, and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Hirst paid tribute to the help given by the doctor and his wife.

TO. 7 DISTRICT, S.lA.B.

HAY NURSING DIVISION.-Officers and members of the Hay Nursing Division were kindly entertained to tea at The on Tuesday, July 7th, by Mrs. Riddell, President of the Division.

Afterwards, Mrs. M. Thomas of Whitland, mother of the Divisional President, who herself gave conspicuous service as a V. A. D. during the Great War, presented certificates, won at a recent examination, to the following ;_ Miss B. Riddell, Miss T. Jay, 1rs. H. Jones, Mrs. G. Jones, Mrs. E. Fowler, Miss J. Bebb, Miss G. Turn e r, Miss Z. Dobell, Miss C. Davies, Iiss K. Grant and Miss K. Woodley. On bebalf of the class, Mrs. Riddell presented a leather wallet Lo Dr. W. W. Wilson as a mark of of his services as lecturer,

No.8 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

CRAWLEY NURSING CADET DI\'lSION.-The. ussex up, won by a team from this Division at the St. John ..\mbul ance Brigade competitions held at Tunbridge Wells in April last, was presented to them on aturday, July 25th. The team cons isted of Cadets F. Blundell, B. B. ;\Iartin and E. Brown.

Dr. S. P. Matthews presided on this oeca ion, and \\'a supported by Cadet upl. \V. Cooper and Cadet OOlcer Vine. The presentation was made by Lady District OOlcer :\li Blades, to whom a bouquet wa. h lnded by adet Peggy Sturt.

Lady Div. Supt. 1\liss latlhews thanked :\liss Blade and Dr. Matthews for their assistance, and Doris Mitchell, Acting Cadet Superintendent, seconded this.

The annual presentation of award won hy Illclllb rs of the senior Division followed, the recipients being Lad:. Ambulance Officer l\liss .\. turt, and Ambulance isters l\Irs. C. Coker, Miss V. Dean, Mr'. F. Dixon, :\Irs. '. J. Hammond, l\liss Hodding, rs. A. l\litchell, :\\ iss D. l\1itchell, l\lrs. L. argent, l\lrs. towe, :\Irs. A. J. \\'att , Miss vVilson, Miss vVoodward, li s Earl, l\lrs. Ca son and 1i ss Galbraith.

The cup winner ga\ e it delllon5tratillil of practical \\ ork under the direction of Lady Di\ l\\i s l\\itchell and lis s Hodding

IN SPECTION BY H. R. II. THE PRI

'C ESS ROYAL.

The Princess Royal, Commandant-in-Chicf of the Voluntary Aid Detachments of the Briti h Red eros ocicly, inspected sixteen detachments of the Count) of \Vil t hire at Longford Castle, the home of the Earl and Countes of Radnor The Countess is a member of \Vilt shire V.A.D. 10, herself.

Her Ro ya l Highness arrived at Salisbury station hortly before noon, and was given a cordial welcome by the people of the city as she motored through to the astle.

Unfortunately, during the dedication of the Colours, and whilst the parade was standing to attention in the hot sunshine, about 2 dozen members of the V.A. D. were overcome by the heat. St. John Ambulance men had to run out to the parade ground with stretchers to carry fainting' women to the first aid tent or to assist them as they stumbled away to the tent. Others had to sit down in their places in the ranks, and several felt faint and while attempting to walk out of the ranks, collapsed on the g rass beside their colleagues.

V.A. D. INSPECTION AT LEATHERHEAD.

V. A. D. Surrey 22 of the British Red Cross Society was inspected by Major S. O. Dolan, R.A. M.C., on Monday, July 6th, on behalf of the War Office.

The Inspecting Officer warmly congratulated the members on their excellent work, and on their knowledge of Red Cross matters in general.

Colonel L. F. Renny, County Controller, also spoke of the progress made by the detachment, and appealed for an increased membership. It was imperative, he added, that every member should have a thorough knowledge of Air Raid

FIR S T

Precaution measures; this was just as important a subject as First Aid.

Badges and certificates were present d by Colonel Renny as follow5 ;-

First Aid ;- 1r Bird, :'Iliss Dixon and 1\[rs. Hunter; Advanced Certificate :- liss Vinall and Irs. \\'ood Proficiency Badge :-l\liss Backus and Mrs. Wall; Bar: Mrs. Blackmore.

Home Nursing, First Certificate :- 1\lrs. Bird, l\liss Dixon, :\lrs. Humber and Mrs. Keeler; .\dvanced Certificate \Vall and Irs. Wood; Proficiency Badge:1rs. La\,\'rence ant! !\frs. Vinall ; Bar; :\lr-.;. Blad{lnore.

In tructor's crtificate Lawrence.

Merit Badge (for proficiency in First \id, Home 1 ursingand Hygiene Sanitation): \[ic;s Virgo.

Command·tnt l\lr James, assisted bj .\ssistant Commandant :\1 rs. Longley and :'I1r5. Blackmore, \vas in charge of the parade. Among- those present at the inspection wac:; 1\li Turner, County ecretary.

LIIURCIl PARADE AT :'IL\I[)STONE.

;\Tearl) 400 members l)f the Kent Branch of the British

AID. 45

S.J.A B. NURSING PERSO!'.NEL CAMP.

l\1 em bers of Nursing Di visions from all parts of the country assembled in glorious sunshine at Rossall, on August 1st. They had a busy time finding their rooms, cubicles or beds in the various dormitories of the following houses: Gibsons', Griffins', Grahams' and i\ evitts'. rs. Tweedale, Camp Commandant, and Miss Sutcliffe, Quartermaster, had been hard at work since 8 a. m. After dinner, a whist drive was held and the nurses were delighted tu have Lady Perrott amongst them; she kindly presented the prizes.

On undayeighty nurses attended 8 a. m. communion and, after bre<l.kfast, there v.'as room inspection and drill. r n the afternoon special tmms took the nurses to Fleetwood to the Drumhead Service there; :'Ilr. Duckworth, Deputy Mayor of Blackpool, and Re\·. Clarkson, Vicar of Fleetwood, g<l.\'e addresses and £12 W<l.S collected to end to the Ho_ pital at Jerusalem. The weather had been kind 0 far, but a strong wind and rain at the end of the service made the members fully appreciati\'c of the good fare pro\ ided at Ros all on their return for tea. In the c\'ening a concert was held.

On the Monday the training commenced. Sergeant gi\'ing lectures on Anti-Gas and Chemical \Varf<l.re,

Red Cross Societ) took part in a hurch Parade al .-\\1 Saints' Church, 1aidstone, on Sunday, July 12th.

An inspection was carried ou.l by Dame Beryl Oli\'er, D. B. E., R R. c., head of the V.A. D. Dept. of the British Red Cross Society, in Palace Avenue. he was accompanied by the Marchioness Camden, President of the Kent Branch, and Colonel C. P. Oliver, County Director.

The service at All Saints' Church was conducted by the Rev. A. O. Standen, Vicar of laidstone, who also preached the sermon.

After the service, the parade marched to the Old Palace, where Dame Beryl Oliver said that she wa much impressed by the result of her insp ect ion.

The Marchioness Camden sai d it gave her great pleasure to see all the Kent detachments represented on parade.

On behalf of the Kent Branch, Lady Camden made a prese ntation of a cheq ue motor rug-, dre sing gown and umbrella, to Dr. J. H. Voland, C.B.E., who has recently res igned from the position of County Director.

The parade was an im pressive and successful one, and the hope was expressed that it would become an annual eve nt.

Miss Brophy (London Diploma Dom. c.) taking cookery (camp, invalid and plain), and 1\1rs. Pitter-Bailey, Camp l\Iatron, and 1\1rs. \\'hite, Camp Sister, taking charge of the wards and theatre. Iany V.A.D. 's \\'ho had had training in Military Hospitals found the tuition given by Matron much more beneficial than any they had pre\'ioll 1)' recei\·ed.

The t1rst three days of camp were cold so that from 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. the sen'ices of 1\1rs. Be\'erley and :\liss Ca\'e as pianists for dancing were in great demand.

The sun shone brilliantly on \Vedne sday so (hat man,· look advantage of the private beach, and bathed or swam i;l the sea. This night was their long night when member could dine out and remain out until 11 p. m. if the" wished but quite two thirds dined in Camp, knowing a good when they had it. The food was exceptionally fast consisting of porridge, fish cakes, eggs, brown and white bread, home-made butter, marmalade, tea and coffee' lunch two courses; tea, whi.te and. brown bread and jam: scones, cake and fancles ; diOner, two courses; many members felt apologetic for their healthy appetites and said" I don't eat like thi'3 at home." No doubt the happy spirit which prevailed, due to 1\[rs. Tweedale's kindl innllence, also)lelped.

Thursday e\·ening there was a fanc), dress pa.·ade, when :\liss Faber, Lady County Ollicer, GIOllCl' lcr, as Fina, I' i rst Prioress of the Order of St. ]ohl1, 1180, alltll\Jrs. CaruthersLittle 8.S Thoma Dl1Cura, Grand Prior, 150+, builde.- of St. John's Gate, and :\frs. 1\1 urphy a 'ln old knight of the Order WOIl prizes. In the comical section were the Hi tn Kid, Jack and Jill, a Knight of the Bath, and a Sheik. Lady Di triet Officers l\liss :\la\\'by, Northampton, and \liss Masson, Prince of \Va'cs's, organised enterta.illl11cnts.

On Friday, Colonel Trimble took the Inspection in the morning, and the march past was taken, t\\'el\·e nurses formin er a choir to sing- the Brigade march as there ,,·as no band to provide music. In the afternoon there \\ ·c re examination,; in \.R.P., ;-\.R.P. II and A.R.P. I, 1\ l rs. Tweed'lle, l\lrs. Pitter Bailey and l\1iss Cuff being the eX'll1liners. In the e\·ening l\liss Carr examined thirty-fi\·e students in Cookery and to close a very strenuous day, three-legged, needlethreading, balloon and potato races \\·ere held. It ,,-as then announced that the various dishes prepared by the cooks for their examination were displayed in the dining--hall and might be tasted, so that there was a rush to take advantage of this; great praise was gi\·en to the cooks.

A cigarette case was presented to Sgt. ]\10[[at, bouquets to Mrs Tweedale and ;\lrs. Pittpr-Bailey, and chocolates to :\Iiss Brophy, small tokens tlf apprecia-tion to the splendid tutors of the Camp.

At the bre'lk-up. on Saturday, many expressed their intention of coming to Rossall next ye,=tr, 'lS they had enjoyed every minute of it and g"'l\·e in their names to the Commandant.

D eta il e d Mark ing Sh ee t , No. 48. TEA)'I TEST.

CARD OF Il\'STRUCTIONS.

You are on the platform of a Railway Terminus and see this man stagger and fall on to th e lines between two carriages. You note that in his fall h e slruck his head a buffer; that he is now lying, apparently unconscious, over to near rail; and that on h is right tem pIe he has a wound from which blood is flo\\"inR freely. Time limit 15 minutes.

NOTE FOR JUDGE.

Arrange tables and chairs to represent platform and too railway carriages. Paint wound on right temple and strap a piece of cork on right arm.

DETAILS OF TEST

Send No.5 for ambulance box and stretcher 2

Ask for carriage to be occupied and rear part of train backed away from patient 3

No. + jumps on to line and 'lpplies digital pressure to bleeding wound over clean pad 2

Then rapidly ties nand kerchief round head as temporary 3

Asks No. 2 to help in lifting patient by human stretcher method from line on to platform 5

EXA'\l1 ATION OF PATIENT.

Ask if he conscious (.No)

Lay patient on back with head on one side

Ask if bleeding arterial (Yes)

r\sk colour of face (Flushed)

Raise the head and shoulders slighLly

Undo clothing about neck, cllest and waisl

Send for doctor, first aid box and am bulance

Supply fre 11 air freely; keep back crowu

Keep patient warm, coats, etc.

Tlm \Ti\lENT OF \\ 'OUi'IJ)

Pad on pressure point for temporal artery

Iocline to wound and surrounding" skin

Dre sing and narrow bandage to hcad

E:--: \i\IIl\'E OTHER

A k ho\\· breathing ( Test pulse (Rapid)

If bleeding from cars, mouth, nose (. \ ',,)

[ ate pupil of eyes (J)'-lalt'd)

Ask if patiE'llt still UIlCOIl cious (J -,'s)

Smell rmtient's breath (ffcm:JI odour)

Examine head, trunk, limb fo[- injul-i('s

Ask if signs of bleeding- el-e (_\TO)

(Judge: - " Th ere IS a Fracture of Ilze a/J()7.'t' Elb07£I. ")

Do not rell1o\'e r'ltient' coat

(Note-In the right lower out ide pocket an I11pl) bottle is found with the follcH\"ing label on it " Tincture of l\larks for (j nd i ng- th is any ti me d u ri Ilg e'\:llll i nation of p'llient 'lnd for cOIllJl<lring _me ll of hreath and

of bottle 10 a food or stimulant while patient is unl'ollscil)L1s of Correct tre'ltment of Fr<lctured Right Humerus 10 Rel1lo\·e to \Vaiting Room amhulance X

(J at this a) s :-" Patt"nll 1111.\· rt:/fa."/It'd COllSCt"OllSIll'SS and becollles ,Iely delt"rt"olls. ")

Give emetic, alt or mustard 'lnd \\·'lter 3 Repeat emetic till patient \'oill its 3 Follow by hot coffee g-i\·en ill sip 2 l\ [ 'lrk for gener'll eOicienc)' nnd '>Ill'lrtne:-.s 6

Total 120

Posters for Publicity.

FOLLOWING the request o[ many users a new s ize has been introduced in the Stock Posters advertised in this Journal. In addition, owing to i n c r eased demands, we have been able to reduce s l ight ly the price of the small poster from 2/6 to 2/3 per doze n , post free

The n ew size is a double - crown, wh ich m easures 30 in. by 20 in , and we fee l sure users wi ll find t h is a ve r y acceptab le size, and the p r ice (3 / 3 per dozen, post free) ve ry reasonable

The three sizes now availab le are : Large, 40 in by 23 in.; Med i um, 30 in, by 20 in. ; Sma ll, 20 i n by 1 L i n; the p ri ces b e i ng 4/- , 3 / 3 and 2/ 3 pe r dozen, post free, r espective l y .

Re m i t ta n ces and o r ders shou ld be se nt to D a le, Rey n o lds & Co , Lt d , 46, Canno n St ree t, Lon d on, E . C.4 .

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this JoufIlal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers , FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St., London E.C.4.

Aus ;-rIN FOR AMBULANCES

W here In ve stment Value is most important of all

The private motorist has given the lead. o:v Hospitals, Town Councils and Public Authorities are investing too The reasons are clear. If dependability in r unning, econoluy of maintenance and all the other A u stI n tra dlt lO nS are of value in a car, h077J 17111l·h more so are t hey in an Am bu lan ce?

Fully equipped with every mo d er n r efi n ement, the 12, 16 and 20 h .p. Amb ulances offer, each in t heir own sphere ,. able investment va lue. D et aile d pric e li st an d sp eCIfications are available o n request.

A FEW SP ECIAL FEA T URES

O F AUSTIN A 1BULANCES

Body of best English ash and oak, aluminium-panelled for durability and easy cleaning. Semi-elliptic, zinc-interleaved springs on non-lubricated shack!e s, for the patients' tlfmost W'lde, unobstructed doorway for qtltck entty and exit of stretchers. Triplex glass throltghotlt for safety Ample ventilation. Full and officiallY-app roved illterior equipmellt. Special fitting s as required

Quer ies an d Ansvvers to Cor re spondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT .A ID 46, Cannon-street, London, E,C.4.

2,-All Queries must be accompanied by a Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3· - The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

CO\IPOUl\'O FRACTURE OF CLA\'ICLE.

A. E. (;Iliddleton} - As instructor to the first aid class in our colliery, I have been asked to write you for details as to the correct method of treating a man who is suffering from Compound Fracture of Clavicle, bone slightly protruding.

,Vhen we take into consideration that there must he no pad in armpit and no bandage round elbow and trunk, as these would tend to cause extension, our difficulty hangs round the securing of the dressing over the wound. The whole question centres on the method of securing the dressing, since we cannot use the arm-sling to carry the point of the triangular bandage as used in the ordinary way to secure a dressing applied to the shoulder.

\\'e thank you for your ad"ice and your replies to our queries in FIRST Am, which are always a great help to us and to me in my special work as a class instructor.

If I had to render first aid to such a case, I would keep my patient r ecumbent with his upper limb comfortahly extended alongside his body, and remove him on stretcher in this position. Also I would keep the dressing in its place by means of a narrow bandage applied as described on p. p. 104-105 of the Textbook to hold an axillary pad. Of course I shou ld not apply this tightly; and, if my patient were a big and stout fellow, I might use the medium sized bandage, even though this (unfortunately 1) is no longer described in the Textbook.-N. CORBET FLETCllER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

D. S. (East L ondon)- In a recent examination for certific:ates the do ctor asked a candidate how h e ""ould treat a burst varicose vein. He was not pleased, however, when the candidate fearlessly By pressure on the femoral vein as for any othe1' bunt vein,l"

Good! ext, please! !-1 C. F,

TREATI'IIENT OF HANGJNG

B. (Coventry). - R ecent ly members of our class had a h eated discussion with reference to the treatment of a person found suspended by the neck as in hangingSome said they would not interfere because it is illegal to interfere in any way with such cases until the police have been summoned and taken charge. Others said

A I D .

that they would take instant action and release the victim.

Some of you seel11 to ha\"c forg-otten your Textbook. If you had looked ur the instruction und r " IIanging," you would have read: " Do 1LOI wat"t jor a pol/cell/all .''' In short, some of you are influenced by an old m),th which has survived too long. It is the duty of a good citizen to prevent crime; ami it is the privilege of an efllcient first aider to presen'e life. For these t\\"o rea ons, til rdore, you you should, in such an emergency, follow the intructions of the Textbook (p. 149) and postpone sending for the policeman until the patient has been safely relea ed from his perilous position !- N. C. F.

POISO:\I 'G 8\ L\·sOL.

P. M. (v\'ellington, w Z ea land). - I n a recent cOlllpetion the patient was upposed to be su frol11 some form of poisoning. The only clue \\'as a bOllle handed to each competitor who was a ked to nHIllC it content and to treat the patient accordingly. ome treated for Corrosive Acid and others for Corrosi\'e , \lkali Poisoning. As a fact the bottle conLFlined Lysol ; and \\'e hall be grateful if you will define the cia s of poison (acid or alkali) to which Lysol belong.

Lysol cannot be labelled" acid" or "alkali." \ the Textbook suggests on p. 17+ it to the same group of poisons as Carbolic .\cid which, by th \\ 'it) is only "feebly acid," and both poisons are coal-tar deri\"ati\'e Taken by the mouth, it gi\'es rise to signs and ),l11ptOI11 like those of Carbolic Acid poi 0ning ; and applied to the skin it burns, though Ihis burning eITecl may be pre\'cnted (and neutralised) by the immediate application of methylated spirit.- C. F.

CSES

OF COLLODIOj\,'.

P. B. (Lancaster). -A doctor a ked me why \\ e do not ue use Collodion for first aid purposes. So 1 no\\' ask you to explain to me the us es of Collodion and the r ea 011 why it is not mentioned in the Textb00k, more especially if it is really as u sef ul as the doctor tated. leanwhile accept my thanks in advance.

Collodion, if painted on the skin, rapidly drie s and covers it with a thin protecti\'e layer. Similarly, gauze soaked in Collodion may be used to hold a small dres ingin place. which it does when the overlapping edges of the gauze dry on the skew.

Collodion, however, is outside the scope of fir t aid, because it is a more or less pennam l1( and for this reason it is not named in the Textbook. - N.C.F.

FUNCTIONS OF BRAIN.

P.S. (Sydney, Australia}-The other day some of us were discussing the functions of the brain. As we cou ld not agree as to whether the cercbum or the cerebel l um controlled the subconscious mind, we decided to submit the point to you; and we await your ruling with inte r est, more especially as to the exact seat of " the soul. "

The soul is that part of man whicb th inks, fee ls, desires and so on; and it is supposed l y situated in the cerebum which as the Textbook tells us on p. 152 is « the seat of the intel lect, the emotions and the will." The cerebe llu m, h owever, is the great centre for co-ordination of musc ul ar move-

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" It provides for the highest point of efficiency and" " has gained for me Doctors' s.upport, 100 per cent. :: " good results and many patients.

This is an extract from one of hundreds of letters received by the SMAE Institute frc:m men .and women who ha\'e qualified as trained operators In Sv:edlsh l\Iassage and Joint lanipulation.

They have not only very considerably increase? .the:ir efficiency as of Nursing and AmI;>ulance 'C nits 111 First Aid but their expert knowledge for which they hold the Institute's Diploma has enabled them to ac ..:ept cases fr?m Doctors, Surgeons, Tursing Homes, Hospitals for which good fees are paid.

You can be t r ai ned in you r own hom e

The unique system of postal tuition gi.\'en by the I nstitute can be taken in your o""n time and Without interfering with your normal employment.

It teaches in a perfectly simple the .most up-to-date methods of remedial treatment by manlpulatl\'e work.

The training makes you compete:nt to act as attendant to disabled people ""ho treatn:ent 111 their own homes' it ""ill enable you to budd up a pnYate, whole or spare tim'e practice in any locality.

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it An investment in knowledge pays the highest interest "

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Please sen d m e wit hou t char ge or ob lig at ion a co py of th e Inst itute s Boo k" Ma ni pulat ive The rapy a s a Pro fessi on."

I \ T"'1NIE ·····,····· I State wheth e r Mr ., Mrs or M iss.

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ment and especially the harmon ius adju tment of those muscles which are concerned with keeoing the body erect and in a position of equilibrium - N.C.F.

DJ.4 G NOSIS OF ApOPLEXY.

)1. P. (Findley)- Why does the Textbook in its description of Apoplexy (p. 163) add what is to me a curious sentenceNo signs of iniury are necessarily present." Your kind explanation of this point ,vill be appreciated.

The sentence is to me in co mplet e since it refers to injury to the heRd Lecause the diagnosis of Apoplexy rests on the signs and symptoms of om pression of the Brain combined with the absence of history or e\ idence of injury to the head.- ' .C.F. -

HIS FIRST EXPERIENCE IN UNIFOR;\1.

D.S. (East London)-One of our junior members was on duty for the first time at a certain cinema. He was standing at the back of the stalls eagerlyawaitincr "a h case \\ hen he "'as passed by twO) oung ladies who had just left their seats and were approaching the exit. You may well imagine his feelings when he overheard this remark - " Look, iJfabel, Illere I'S tlz e n e w L C. C. regulation Unif01'lll 101' dne71la atte1ldants .I II

Good! Next, please! !-N. C. F.

FURTllER PLAINT OF

c.L.c. (Korlh Wal es)- In a competition the test given to Bearers os. 2 and 4- was :-Demonstrate the threehanded seat.

This was demonstrated according to the instructions set out in pages 186 and 187 of the Textbook, and for the purpose of supporting tIle pati e nt's left lower limb. The judge instructed the bearer on the pati e nt's left to grasp the right wrist of bearer on right with his left hand and leave his right hand free to support the patient's back. The judge then said to me (the Bearer on patient's right) "That is the three-handed seat isn't it?" I replied, "K 0, Sir, it is useJ to support eitLer of the lower limbs." He said, "But did not say where the injury was." As 1 am not aware that the threehanded seat is used in cases to support the patient's back, I shall be glad of your observations. understand that the three-handed seat is described in the B. R. C S. Manual TO 3, and I do not possess a copy. I trust that I have not taken up too much of your valuable time.

Your complaint is justified by the specific instructions of the Textbook which on p. 186 states that the three-handed seat is used "for carrying a patient or supporting either of his lower limbs." At the same time it could be used for the purpose stated by your judge.-N. C. F.

EUCALYPTUS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS.

M.N. (Derby).-For many years I have used a lotion, prepared by the addition of one teaspoonful of Tincture of Eucalyptus to one pint of \,varm boiled ,vater, for washing wounds. I have always had good results; but I ask the favour of your advice because a friend recently took me to task for not following the instructions of the Textbook.

Eucalyplus is powerfully antisept ic. lIence the explanation of your "good rc ult ." From the first aid standpoint, hO\\'ever, your friend is probably right whell he suggests that rou hould paint the wound with Iodin e and omit wa;;hing it, if only bec<1use the l ess the interference with a wound in an eillergenry the hClter for wound and patient.-N.C.F.

Ambu1ance from News Cuttings the Press.

T he Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on malter of general interest for inclusion in this column.

Rxr c'\l,;SES l\l.\:-\'s Dr·: \TII. lc<1kag-e in a ga pipe cau ed hy rats \\'a stated at Hull ) este rdRY to have be n r pon ible for he death of James Been"r. aged 55, a l11usum attendant, \\'ho was ekal1ing- an office when he \Va overcome.

A Ras inspector produ ced a length :Jf lead pipe in which there wa a I.lrge h ole, and stated that he h Old known of previou oc('urn?nCl'S of this kind. .\ \ erdiet of :lccidcntal death wa s returned. .<"'/.-dc/l.

BIRO's BODY C \l'SLS Buy's DE \1'11.

, \ suggestion that bir-c1 ("luSUj thc death of Cyril Engelbret on, agcd Court 'n, of \\'illlbl eclon, \\ ho was fOllnd dead in his bRth, was put f0f\\,<1rd )'cstncl'l)' at the illl] uest.

[t was stated that the exterior terminal of the fluc of the geyser had peri heel and fallen into the flue. There was also a dead bird in the flue which \\' a. choked. D eath wa from asphyxiation by inhaling carbon monoxide. i\ \'erdicl of accidental death was Express.

GIRL'S FIRE ORD E.\L.

Wh en l\lay Barnett (ag-ed t\\'cnty-three), of Brockle)" an assistant at a herbalist's shop in Camber\\'ell, (aug-hl her dress alight at Cln electric fire she rushed into the treel screaming, and in a few mom erts was a mass of flames.

Several people passing rushed to her aid, Ilung their coats around her and extinguished the flames. Br this time her dress had been practi ca lly burned ofT her and was lying smouldering on the pavelllt.

The girl, who was almost uncons c ious, was remo ve d to St. Giles's Hospital surrering from extensive bur,1s.-Daz'(y

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GENERAL DISEASES ANAESTHETICS AND DISPENASPHYXIA SI, G INSENSIBILITY COOKING FOR THE SICK

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Telep hone- Cily 37 IO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

EDITORIAL :-

Fi r t Aid o n t h e R oa d s

Ext r acts fr o m th e 1a nu a l of Jn t ru c ti o n fo r th e

R oya l N ava l ic k B e rth S ta fT

Co lli e ry A mbul a n ce N e ws

S. J .A B. O ve r seas

J. A B. H eadquart e r s a nd Di s tri c t R e po rt s

Prio r y fo r W a les

Tho m as s ( A ].) {odifi ca tion o f th e Thoma s Kn ee

Splint

St ructura l Anatomy

Ra ilwa y Ambulan ce News

The Hospit a llers ' Club

Bri tish Red Cro ss So c iety

Notes on the Nursin g of W a r Gas Ca s es

Leg al As pec ts of Blood Tran s fu s ion

Am bulance News Cuttings from the Pr ess

O ur Nurs e s' Pages

Co ming Events

QU ERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :-

Administration of Smelling Salts

Examination Howler

Modification of Schafer's Method

Humour in First Aid

Disrepute

WITH the approaching term inaFIRST AID tion ot Summer Time, road o TH E RO A D S patrol work will be finished again for another season. Each year witnesses increased activity in this sphere of first ai d work, also each year more money must be alloted to carr y out this task.

One can conservatively estimate that at weekends during the summer months, over 5,000 members are on dut y , read y for any emergency that ma y arise. Some are even available at all times during the night, especially where posts are manned in shifts.

Year after year this work goes on. Each year sees an increase in the number of cases dealt with each year the number of aid posts increase; each year the motoring public look upon this service as indispensable - and yet few think of the cost to which voluntary first aiders are put to keep the posts fully equipped and run efficiently.

We have on more than one occasion, urged that the motoring associations should take up this matter with their members. Let every member when renewing his yearly subscription, include an extra shilling or so for the first aid road fund, to be forwarded to the proper quarter by the Association. Just think how much would be obtained and how much less worry would rest on the shoulders of the officers in charge of the road aid posts, by this small subscription.

We feel sure that motorists would be quite w i lling to assist the carrying on of this most essential service, if they were informed of the exact under which the service is carried out. Let us hope the authorities concerned will get together and approach their members with concrete suggestions; and before next summer the roadside aid post service will be receiving the assistance they require and deserve,

Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Sta ff .*

(Cont/IlZled jrOl7l page Jj.)

The Stomach is a hollow organ situated at the left side of the upper part of the abdomen, under the diaphragm. It is roughly pear-shaped, the upper and larger end-called the Cal'dt'ac Endbeing to the left; and the smaller, or Pylort'c end, being to the right.

It is slightly curved on itself, so that the upper border is short and concave, while the lower is long and convex.

The c:esophagus opens on the upper surface near the cardiac end.

Food leaves the stomach at the pyloric end, passing through a valve called the Pylorus into the small intestines. The stomach wall consists of fou r coats :-

(1) An outer coat formed by the peritoneum.

(2) The muscular coat, in which the involuntary muscular fibres are arranged longitudinally, cir'2ularly, and diagonally.

(3) The submucous coat, which C'ontains the blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.

(4) Iv! ucous membrane.

The mucous membrane is raised in to folds and presents a honeycomb appearance, due small depressions. Into these depressions open the ducts of the Peptic Glands, which secrete gastric juice.

Gastric Juice is a clear fluid with an acid, saltish taste. It contains a ferment called pepsin, and a little hydrochloric acid.

Pepsin has the power of converting the insoluble Proteins into a soluble form called Peptones. The Hydrochloric Acid prepares the Proteins for digestion and helps the ferment Pepsin. The food is kept constantly in motion by contraction of the muscular walls of the stomach. It becomes mi.xed with the gastric juice, and forms a mIlky fillld called Chyme, "hich after a few hours is forced through the pylorus into the small intestine.

The digestion of meat is to a large extent carried out in the stomach.

The Peritoneum is a membrane which lines the walls of abdominal cavity, and is reflected on to the various organs con rai ned therei n. It completely covers some of these organs, but only partial Iy covers others.

It is lubricated by a small amount of fluid, thus making a smooth surface [or the fr e movement of the intestines. The fold of the peritoneum that surrounds the small intestine i called the foJesentery, and the fold that envelops the stoma h and taIls from its lower horder like an apron is called the OmentullZ.

The Small Intestine is a tube about .2! feet in length, which begins at the pyloric end of the stomach, and ends by joining the large intestine at the Ileo-Caecal TTah ie.

It lies coiled up irregularly in the abdonlinal cavity and may be divided into three parts ;-

(1) The Dllodenum is the first part, and IS about 10 inches in length. After lavina the" stomach it curves round the head of pancreas. Into it open the Common BIle Duct and the Panc1'eahc Duct.

(2) The Jejunum is the second part, and measures about 8 feet in length.

(3) The Ileum is the last part. It measures 12 feet in length, and JOIns the large Intestine at the ileo-cGecal valve.

The Duodenum is fixed to the back of the abdomen, bu t the Jej unum and the IIeu mare loosely suspended by the fold of peritoneum called the Mesentery.

The general structure of the walls of the small intestine resembles that of the stomach. The mucous membrane is thrown into folds, which increase the area for digestion and absorption, and prevent the food passing along too quickly. The walls of the IntestInes contain small masses of lymphatic tissue ca.lled Peye1's Patcizes, also numerous glands whIch secrete a ferment called Succus Entericus. The inner surface is covered w i th min ute finger-I ike projections called Villz' whic.h are su ppl ied with blood and I phatlcs (called Lacteals) , by which certain foods are absorbed.

Jn the d uoden urn the chyme meets the secre?f three glands, the liver, pancreas, and the llltestInal glands .

The Liver is a large g landular o r gan which

lies on the right side of the upper part of the abdomen, just under the diaphragm. It measures about 10 inches in length 6 inches in breadth, and 3 inches in th ickness, and weighs 50 to 60 O'..l1lces.

The upper surface is arched to fit the concavilyof the diaphragm, while the lower surface is Aattened, and is in contact with the stomach and intestines It is divided into two lobes, of which the right is much the larger.

The liver is composed of cells collected into lobules, which are jU'3t visible to the naked eye.

The blood frolll the stomach, intestines and pleen, carrying llutriment, passes into the liver b,' the portal vei n. The liver is also Su ppl ied \\;ith blood by the hepatic artery. The blood lea\ ' e the liver by the hepatic vein.

Til E l..,'l :-\CTIO:-\ OF TIlE LIVER.

(a) To sccrete Btle. This is green ish yellow, alkaline fluid, with a ve:y bitter taste. It passes from the li\'cr along the hepatic duct, and some cnters the intestinc by the common hile duct, the remainder being stored in the aall bladder for future use.

The Cal! Bladder is the reservoir for bile. It is a pear-shaped bag about four inches in lenath, lying on the under surface of the liv r. The bile escape.s [rom the gall blaJder by the cystic duct, which joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, which enter the duodenum. The action of bile is to emulsify fat; that is, to break up into minute droplets which can be absorbed. Bile is also an intestinal antiseptic and a natural purgative.

(b) To ,::,tore up Carbohydrates. j\lore carbohydrates are taken at a meal than are needed for immediate usc. These are brought to the liver as sugar by the portal vei n from the in testi nes, and are converted into a starch-like substance called GlycogeJl. This is stored in the liver until needed, when it is broken up into sugar again and tributed through the body.

(c) To prnduce Urea, the liver takes up waste products from the blood and converts them into urea, which is discharged back into the blood and eliminated by the kidneys in the urine.

The Pancreas, or Sweetbread, is a large gland which lies transversely behind the stomach. It has a rounded head, which fits into the concavity oE the duodenum, a body, and a tapering tail which runs to the left and ends at the spleen. It is about 7 inches in length, and weighs about 3 ozs. This gland has two functions :-

(a) It produces an internal secretion called Insulz'n, which is necessary for the absorption of sugar by the body

(b) It secretes a digestive fluid-the Pa1lC1'eatz'c Juz'ce-which leaves the pancreas by the Panc r eatic Duct, and enters the d u o -

denum. Pancreatic juice is a clear, alkaline Au id, and con tai ns three fermen ts, wh ich act on all forms of food These ferments are :-

(a) A my lop s z'n , which converts starch into sugar.

(b) T1'J'psz'n, which converts proteins into peptones.

(c) Steaps ';n, which emulsifies fats. The Intestinal Glands, which are scattered all over the small intestines, secrete a ferment called Succus Enten'cus, which acts upon the remaining u nd igested prOt:ei ns and carbohydrates, and prepares them for absorption.

Thus in the small intestine the chyme is acted upon by the bile, the pancreatic juice, and the succus entericus, and at the same time is slowly forced along the intestine by the contraction of its muscular coat. This muscular movement is called Pe? ta/sis.

During its passage through the small intestine, the digested, that is, the soluble portions of the chyme, are gradually absorbed by the lacteals in the villi, and the remaider (still very watery) is forced through the ileoccecal valve into the large intestine.

The Large Intestine is a very much wider tuhe than the smail intestine It is about 6 feet in length. It runs from the ileum to the anus, and is divided into three parts.

(1) The CceCZt17Z lies in the right lower part oE the abdomen. It is pouch-shaped, and about three inches in diameter.

Into it opens the ileum, through the ileoccecal valve.

Attached to the ccecum and opening into it is a narrow worm-like tube, about 2 inches long, called the Venmjonn Appelldzx.

(2) The Colon runs from the ccecum up the right side oE the abdomen, across the upper part to the left side, and then runs down into the pelvis. Consequently, it is said to consist of four parts :- The Ascending, The Transverse, The Descending, and The Pelvlc Colon. The last is sometimes called the Sz'gl7loid Colon, as it has an S shaped curve.

(3) The Rectum is the last part of the large intestine. It is from 6 to 8 inches in length. Its lower end is guarded by a circular muscle called a sphincter, and opens on the surface at the Anus.

Absorption of the products of digestion takes place during the passage oE food through the large intestine, especially the absorption of water. The remains of the food here becomes more solid, and in about 36 to +8 hours after being taken into the stomach are passed out through the anus as Fceces. The passing of fceces is ca l led Defcecation (To be cOlZtz';zued )

*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H.l\1. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H M. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W. C. 2, or any branch, price 4/Sd. post free.

Colli ery Ambul a nce Ne w s.

KENT COAL OWNERS' SHIELD.

The annual competition for the above shield was held last month when Tilmanstone, for the third time in six years, ,,,ere adjudged the winners.

Dr. T. J. Nichol (Corps Surgeon, DoverS J.A B.)judged the individual tests, and Dr. Hamerton (of Herne Bay) the team test. The latter dealt with a rugby player who had stumbled and struck his head on the goal post, fracturing his skull.

The result was announced by i\Ir. L. N. \-Vatts (Secretary, Kent Coal Owners' Association) as follows :-1, Tilmanstone, 2-+0 points; 2, Chislet (holders), 219; 3, Snowdown , 187; -+, Betteshanger, 176.

Mr. L. C. ElIson (i\Ianager, Snowdown Colliery) presented the trophy and medals, remarking that hewas always thankful a good many colliery workers gave up their spare time for ambulance work. There was no industry in which it was so necessary to have a large proportion of ambulance men.

CHALLENGE CUP.

Teams from ormanton and surrounding areas competed on Saturday, August 22nd, for the Normanton ChalJenge Cup.

Eight teams presen te d themselves before Dr. Inman (Normanton) and Dr. Smith (Middlestown) "vhose placings were :- 1, Altofts West Riding, 30-+ points; 2, Snydale, 250. The Rose Bowl for the best junior team was won by Park Hill, 10 .2. Mr. R. Beecher (AI tofts W.R.) was successful in winning the individual competition.

In the team test competitors had to deal with a man who had been knocked unconscious by a tall of stone in the IJit, sustaining bleeding from the right ear and severely crushed right shoulder, foot and ankle.

HOLLY BANK AND HILTON i\lAIN.

On Saturday, August 29th, the fourth annual competition was held in the Featherstone Council Schools.

The competition was divided into two classes-one for medallists (Challenge shield and gold medals) and the other for non-medallists (silver cup and silver medals with gold centres).

Mr. W. Sharratt (Chairman of the competition committee), who presided, announced that it was a remarkable fact that the non-medallist s had made the highest roints.

The results were :-Challenge Shield, 1st, "B" team (captain R. Jeffreys), 137 points; 2nd, " C" team, 132; 3rd, " D" team, 131. Silver Cup, 1st, " F" team (captain Cyril Bates), 142; 2nd, "J" team, 141 ; 3rd, "K" team, 137.

The trophies and medals were presented by Mrs. Sharratt.

Major Turner (Manager of the Colliery) said it was pleasing to find so many Hilton Main men connected with ambulance work. The actual number was 41 per cent. of the whole of the men employed; a record to be proud of.

Dr. McAinsh and lr. J. Payton, the examiners, were thanked for their services.

W hen you writ e to any of o ur A d ve rtis e r s kind ly menti o n F IR ST AI D It do sen't co st yo u an yth ing and it pleases the Adve rti se rs, and U s

S.J. A. B. Over seas. RHODESIA.

During June, examinations were carried out at Bulawayo (where the record number of 4 candidates sat) and also at Broken Hill.

At Que Que, an interesting competition was held during June, when four teams participated in a test staged by Sen;t. H. G. Cook Dr. C. W. \N<lrne of Gatooma, as isted Dr. J. D. Davey in judging- the c0ntest. The Rhodesian Railway team secured the highest number of point and each member of the team received a t. John silver spoon. A social function followed, at which the layor, Mr. C. Paul Allen. presided and presented award g-ained in recent examinations.

i\liss P. of the Bula\';a)'o 'u rsing Division, has been appoll1ted Hon. Secretary. Th e Bulawayo Ambulance Division has acquired a tent for accommodation at public duties.

Brig.-General J. J. Collyer, '. B., C.M.G., D has been appointed to act as Director of Ambulance and ommandery Commissioner during the absence, on lea, C', of Mr -\Ipheus F. Williams.

THING S SE E N

An archway of splints formed by colleagues at the wedding of two members of th e Colchester J .i\. B. The bride was liss Gladys E. \Vilson and the bridegroom !'IlL Harold William Lee, son of County Offi ce r II. W. Le

During the annual inspection of the Derwent Valley Corps, S.J.A. B., an ambulance man slipped and trained his knee. Colleagues attending him gave a practical demonstration to the visitors watching the inspection .

At a recent field day we noticed a S J.A. B. Divisional Surgeon was improperly dressed by wearing a tie of the Order of St. John whilst in uniform.

AND HEARD

" Ambulance men are like beer-some are better than others but there are no bad ones. "-Asst.-Commissioner H. C. Else, S. J .A. B.

" I am confident that next year the St. John Ambulance Brigade will pass the 100,000 mark in member hip,"-D r. N. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon -in-Chief, S J.A. B.

" There are a lot of peop le only o u t to do things if they can get something by it, but it is not so with the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade "-The Mayor of Bournemouth (A ld H. G. Harris)

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

St. Joh n Ambulance Brzgade

!leadquarters and Dz's t rz'ct R eports .

No. I ( Prince of Wal es's ) Di strict.

O\'er 200 men, nurses and cadets took part in the Southern Area Field Day. held on Saturday, September 5th. in the grounds of the Ruskin i'l1anor IIotel, Denmark Hill, by kincl pl rmlssion 0 f the IIotel Directors.

Capt. i\. C. \\'hlte Knox. Ch.B: (Asst. lommi ·sIOl1er). \\ as 111 ot opcratlOn , assIsted by District Officers eldInrd and 'mith and Corps upt. Wickens. A.H..P. Officer.

At a g"1\ l'11 moke homhs. representing t;a ,were Ii red at ,a r!CHlS p:l rt s () [ 1het;roulld and 5t retcher qua?s \"erc ordered tn don ga ma ks and proceed to the tance of the patients. Th se \"ere found to be suffenngfrom YariOll injl1r1es in aclditlon to being- effected .by gas. After attendIng' the injuric thc tretcher partIes conn YLeithc \'ictims to the ba e hospital. and from thence to decollt<lmlnatlJ1t; heLe. Hne the I1urc, under

the bearer party and accompanied the cortege from the house to the City of London Cemetery, where many officers and members of the Eastern Area Ambulance and :-\ursing Divisions joined the procession.

Among those present were Capt. W. Goodley, M.e. (Commissione r ); Di trict Officer Fitch; Corps Supt. T. \\ 'a lsby; SllptS. Ambler) Gray and Ginbey; Lady Supt. ),1 rs. Ogih'ie, 11rs. Sampson, 1\1rs. Woolford and l\11ss ),lcDowell.

The Autumn fir t aid class of the East Ham Division commences on Friday, October 2nd, at the Latham Road chools, 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. The lecturer will be Capt. F. E. Bendix (As t. Commissi.oner), the fee being 3/6. .-r:-he class is open to all Divisions who Dave any men awaltmg certificates. Particulars can be obtained from Supt. A. E. A. Ambler. 115, herrard Road, Forest Gate) E.7, or at the chool on the opening night.

Southern Area Field Day. [" First did" Photographs

Asst. Commissioner Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., with his Area Staff. A.R.P. Instructional Work in Operation.

Lady Di triet Officer Mi s Grindley, carried out 'advanced treatment and assisted in the resuscitation of the injured.

Altogether a very instructive time was spent in spite of the efforts of the weather to "wash out)) the parade.

Capt. White Knox expressed his satisfaction on the work carried out and gave the visitors some interesting information regarding the ga mask. Many took advantage of trying on the masks, especially the hotel residents, who were very interested in the proceedings.

This field day was the first of its kind to be held in the Southern Area, and it is hoped to make it an annual event.

EAST HAM DIVISION.- This Division has lost an enthusiastic worker by the death of Supt. A. Atkins, who retired from active service in 1933 after having completed 39 years in the Brigade

During his term of office the East Ham Division were successfu l in winning the "Dewar" Shield in 1899 and 1901 and were runners-up in 1897 and 1898

At the funera l service ambulance members formed

FAIRLOP.-A first aid class for men will commence on Wednesday, September 30th at 8 p.m in the Board Room, Kin o' George Ho pital, Ilford. Lecturer will be Dr. ] Ross; fee 5/ - inclusive. Full particulars from -1-3, Grosvenor Road, Ilford.

STAINEs.-On ALwust 29th, A t. Commissioner S. ]. Warren inspected the taines Division) Supt. E. J. W. Dexter -being in charge.

Squad drill under Amb Officer icholson and hand seat drill under Amb. Officer A. G. Rowe was carried out to the satisfaction of the inspecting officer.

Following the inspection ,the competition for the "Thomas Grimble' Cup was held The Assistant Commissioner judged the test, which dealt with a road accident in which a man had sustained a fractured thigh, with hGemorrhao·e.

No.2 team (Ptes. Eggleton, Carter, Bagge, Froud and S. Rogers) were adjudged the winners with S7 marks, followed by No 3 team) 53 marks, and No. 1 team 49. The inspectin o officer congratulated the Division on

it mart appearance and upt. Dexter on the splendid progress made. He again empha i ed the need for a S urs i ng Diyi ion in taines and appealed to the ladies to get in touch with the authorities 'with a view to startinoXur ing Diyision in Staines. 1\1r. \Varren complim e nted the Diyision on its up-to-date transport.

For a period of nearly four hours upt. Dexter and IX member of the taine Division applied artificial respiration to three men who were concerned in bathing accidents at Runnymede Pleasure Park on Sunday, Au g u t 30th.

They were successful 111 saying the Jives of two of the men, but the third died.

At the inqu e t the Coroner (1\lr. G. \\Tills-Taylor) spoke enthusia tically on the work done by upt. Dexter a nd his men, u ing uch expres ion as You and your men do an ex t remely "aluable \York" and" You must be proud to belono- to uch an organi ation."

The Catholic Church Parade , organised by Supt. J. E. Taylor, was held as arranged on Sunday, September 6th,

AID.

Among those present was Lady Di trict Officer T\li Grindley, Lady Supt. Jiss Tucker, Sl1Pt. tanky amI upt. J. E. Taylor (members of the org-ani ing committee), Corps Officer Ansley, District ergt. -.l\lajor Elain and representatives from Brighton, Dard o rd, hatham, etc. Also present were non-Roman Catholic member \\ ho c pre ence "\va welcomed.

No. II. Di s t riet.

BOURNDIOUTII.-A new fir t aid tatioll, given hy the Bournemouth Corporation, was opened on Tue day afternoon, August 18th, by the .l\Iayor of Bournemouth (Alderman H. G. Harri )

The new tation, which replace one outworn and inadequate in size, is itl1ate on Bo c o mhe Promenade and presents a plea ing appearance.

Those present at the opening ceremony included the l\layoress, the Deputy ),layor (Alderman J. R. Edgccomh e ), Aldermen '0/. Jones and F. )'Iate, J.P., A t. County

FIR S T

cllcouraged in thei r work by the knowledge they had the confidence and hacking of the Corporation.

DrocoT.-Fiyc tc.:ams competed for the "Didcot" Shield at the annual competition held on August 16th ..

The judge \\ere: Dr. . Dr. I.vor Ba1l1 and Dr. ]. R. D. 'vVehh, thel.r plac111gs be1l1g:. 1st 293 point" ; 2nd 'vVallJl1gford, 266; 3rd Dldcot (holder.), 26-1-.

The team test dealt v,: ith a man trapped 1l1sIde a burning house who, on heing re cl1cd, had. to be treated fur hurns. There \\ c.:re also two other patIents who had l."caped from the huilding:, one haying. a fractured a mI clayick, whil t the other a cut arm \\ Ith cyered rae\! a I a rter) .

No. IV . Di s trict L.\:\ ,\ HIRE.

CO[.;l: F - OI1 5a t urclay , Au g usl 22m!. Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, il1' hie i, in peeted lhe No. 1 Area

AID. 59

!hey had honoured him again by asking him to appear 111 o. 4 District as Surgeon-in-Chicf. He had been impressed by the work done and congratulated the members on their smart appearance. He also congratulated the ursing Divisions) but complained he had seen too many safety pins. He greatly admIred the Cadets.

Dr. Fletcher referred to the Brigade's Golden Jubilee to be celebrated next year, and was confident lhey would pass the 100)000 mark in theIr membershIp. He concluded his remarks with, "I do want to aga1l1 congratulate you most heartily I assure you my report to the Chief Commissioner will be) as it usually is, All's well in o. 1 Area of o. -I- District.'''

FLEETWOOD.-The Fleetwood Fish Merchants' Association Boy Cadet Shield Competition for o. 4 (Lancashire) District will be held on Toyember 22nd, or 28th. Full particular can he obtained from Amb. Officer J. P. Thomason , 80, 1Iilton Street, Fleetwood, Lancs.

LYTIT \:\L- early 5,000 people gathered rounei the

In peclion of No.1 Area, No. -+ (Lancashire) District.

About 100 men and women were on parade, under the co mma.nd of District Officer Smith (Southern Area), and e n arrival at the church formed a guard of honour for Col onel J. L. Sleeman (Chief Commissioner S.].A.B. Overseas).

The. address was given by Father Wm. Higgs (\V e stm111ster Cathedral), who referred to the Christ-like character of work of the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The Order to-day was undenominational and its members gave their services entirely v o luntarily:. It was questionable whether many realised or appreciated the great work of self-sacrifice for humanity they were engaged in.

Colonel Sleeman, accompanied by Father HIggs, 111specte d the parade and expressed pleasure at privile g e accorded to him of attending the functIOn. He conveyed greeting from their fellow members overseas, and expressed thanks to Father Higgs for his inspiring sermon.

Commissioner Major C. G. Morse, County Officer ),Iajor F. O. Chappell, Corps upt. Li e ut-Commander P. M. Filleul,

A Guard of Honour was formed by members of the South bourne and Calmore Nursing Divisions, who, under Mrs. Wilson, have been chiefly responsible for the work carried out at Boscombe.

The Mayor declared that the Corporation was extremely pleased to help, as far as possible, the selfsacrificing work of the Brigade. They were very grateful to them, but he hoped few people would have cause to use the hut.

Commander Filleul informed the Mayor that 855 cases were treated at the Bascombe hut last year and along the whole sea front over 3,000. He thanked the Corporation for their assistance.

Major Morse also expressed thanks on beha lf of the Brigade and referred to the new duty of air r aid precautions which the Brigade had u ndertaken They were

Fro\11 left to right: Oiv. Surgeon The Mayor of Colne cillor A. D. Bailey, Corps Surgeon BaIrd AItken, !vIr. J. H. Altl"en, Colonel Trimble, 1\1r. W. E. Duckworth, J.P., Dr. N. Fletcl;er (Surgeon-in- hief), Asst. COl11missiol1('rs Col. Redmond and 1aJor lackenzle, Lady District Supl. Irs. Tweedale, Asst. ,?ommissioner W. H. Gastall, Corps Surgeon Q Ull1n.

o. 4 (Lanca hire) Di trict. Twenty-seven Divisions were on parade, the personnel running into nearly one t housand.

The inspection took place at Alkineoats Park before a great crowd of pcctators.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher was accompanied by the Mayor (Councillor A. D. Bailey), Councillor E. DuckwoTth (President Wigan Division), Commissioner W. G. Col. C. J. Trimhle, Asst. Commissioners J. H MackenZIe and Dr. R. Clegg, Col. C. H. S. Redmond an.d DistTiot Officer W. H. Gastall, on his lengthy tour of l11SpectlOn, which was of a thorough and observant nature.

Following thc march past) at which he took the salute, Dr. Corbet Fletcher addressed the parade. He recalled that four years ago hc was invited to appear at Co1nc at his first Headq u arters Staff function.

main rin o at the Royal Lanca hire Show. at Squircs Gate, Blackpool) saw .a whIch wa takinr; part in the 5th Royal 111m kIllIng Guards 111U ical ride slip after jumping on to a hIgh table, and fall over on its rider.

The rider, Lance-CorpI. vVorkman, was carried out of the rilW by two mcmber of the St. John Ambulance and a soldier ana is suffering from a fracture of the leg. He was taken to the t .. J Ambulance Field Ho pita1, and later taken to the VIctorIa Ho pita!.

Lance-Corpl. Workham's hor e had to jump on to a table in the centre of the rin o .) but it slipped and dropped on to him.

A remarkable feature of the thrilling incident wa tlla,l until Lance-Corp!. vVorkham had been carried away,

The Mayor of Bournemouth declaring open the New Seaside First Aid Station of the Bournemouth Corps at Church of the Sacred Heart, Horseferry Road, 'vVestminster.

Corps Secretary A. J. Cuff, Lady Corps Officer Miss Aish, and many officers of the Ambulance amI Nursing Divisions.

thc hor e remained motionless on the ground, its feet in the air.

• was "raided" by enemy 'plane whIch dropped gas bombs, on aturday, eptember .)th, by specIal ar.rang-ement with the Brigade, and even the contInual ram throuo hout the afternoon did not entIrely rob the of g-a defence, given by members of the LI\'erpool Corp, of its air of reality.

was a large proportion of the younger generatIon among who stayed to \\'itness the attack, al:d they were thnlled when a de patch rider arrived "":th a me age that enemy 'plancs were approachin o' LI\'erpool. And then) add a touch of reality, a roared through thc raIn from Speke. Air raid squads ordered to tand to, and almo t before the last respIrator had been. donned the sound of bur tino bombs was heard. t>

Thick pungent smoke rose from the ground where the bombs had struck) and there arose the alarm of a

A I D.

OUTIIPORT.-The motor ambulance which lhe Southporl havc lor hospital transport work is now bell1g rep.alI1lcd 111 the Brio ade lour) and i expected to be In service hy eptember 21 l.

A farewell pre entation was made to Corps Supl. Holt, of the outhport Corp) who i leaving" the DI \,ery. shortly for the South. T\1r. lIoll ha been .wlth the Corps for over 20 years.

1 he gIft \vas a combll1cd Inkstand, tobacco rack, and pcrpetl1al 11rs. Ilolt recei\'ed half a tea ct.

The Pres1dent of the 1Iajor 11. .I. Egan, Chief Constable of outhport, l"Cccl\ ed his badge oi office.

No. V. District.

\\ "ORTLEY.-For the 19th tlece si\ crear the Armley and \\ ' ortley Di\'i ion erected fir t aid tation' f?r the penod of the Armlcy Fea t. The talion conSl ted of two huts, one equipped for anv emL:r"ellcr ' md the other as a taff room. - '

Armley and Wortley Division.

One Relay of Members on Duty at the Armley Feast.

Seated from l eft: Secretary Sgt. A. E. Fergusson, Div. Supt. E. D. Amb. Officer W. E. Pemment, Corpl.f A. G u thrie. Glover, sire.n. throuo-h the smoke the men guided the fleell1g Clvlhans to shelter) one man leadin o' the line while another brought up the rear. With shriekino- the a mbulance the gas belt-its attendants Itke some of the future ages in their masks-to the pomt of ongll1, from whence stretcher cases were to the first aid dressing station and the deco.ntamll1atlOn centres.. J\n interesting display, well carned out, despIte the chmatlc conditions.

There were nearly 500. men on parade) the occasion the Annual InspectIOn of the Liverpool Corps whIch held ,at. the ground of the West Algburth Road. The members of the ursmg PI.vlslOns went to the Tramway Road Barracks for theIr lI1spection.

Inspecting Officer was the Commissioner for the DIstrIct, Mr. W G. Smith, O.B.E , who was accompanied hy J\lderman Maxwell, of the Liverpool Watch CommIttee.

Forly members of the Division, working in relays In night and day, and during the bus; per.lOds from Leeds Corps assisted. Fifty-six patIents Iecerved attentIOn) four being sent to doctors and one to Leeds Infirmary.

Div Supt. E: D. Glover was responsible for the arrangements! assIsted by Amb . Officer W. E. Pemment were In capable hands of Secretary-Sergt A: by Pte. Baker. The Orderly duties were enthUSIastically carried 'out by A. Hud on whi lst thafnks h are due to W. Mouncey, who attended' to the re res. ment needs of those on duty. plY. Surgeon Dr. J. E. Rusby, M.C., inspected the expressed his approval and satisfaction at t e arrangements made) also the efficiency of the staff

200 members and friends of t h e Hanley DIVISion .rarl in an outing to New Brighto n. A l arge number VISited the Museum of Anatomy n

FIRST

Liverpool, which had been opened by special arrangements, and others vi ited the Cathedral.

llPt. J. Layland was responsible for the arrangements.

IIERDEK.-Ahoul ..j.0 memhers of the Hebden Bridge Corps paraded under Corp. upt. H. aylor for the inspection carried out by Dr. W. N. West-\Vatson (Asst. Commis ioner) and District Officer Capt. 1. Allen.

CouncIllor R. Raw on, J.P. (Chairman, Hebden Rridg c u.c.), and ouncillor J. W. Cockcroft (President, IIehden Bridge urps) were among- the interested "pectator \\ ho \\'itne sed stretcher and squad drill, hanclaging, ctc.

Dr. \\ ' est-\\Oat on complimented the memhers on their martne sand (.!fficienc), and descrihed the orp as one of the martest ill the area.

Di\. Supt. \\ r. Jackson and Lady Diy. upt. Mrs. stin \\ erL among the ufficers pre ent.

LOliTJI.-Dr. 1L C. Lavin inspected the Louth Di\'i ion let t month on the i-Sonk" Dyke playing fields. Owing to ill-health Paling was unahle to be present so the parade \\<ts under 'upt. Paddison, of C1eethorpes. The in "pecting officer referred to motor traffic in the ell tricl and to the record of thc Di\"i ion, which had treated 265 during the fir"l ix months of thi year.

The :'IIayorl' s prccnted the follOWing' awards: ilver Cup, ginn by :JIr. and )'Ir Bell, to ergt. C. Cummings, for tht: second year; runner-up Pte. . Dennis. who receind a ilwr medal. the gift of Diy. urgeon Thomson. il\'Cr Cup, gi\"Cll hy the 11ayor and ),Iayoress, to enior Cadet J. Curtis, and a prize, fr0111 Supt. Paling, tl) adct C. Chappell a runl1er-up.

ertiIicates \\ ere al 0 presented to numerous member.

:\"E\\'.\RK.-The annual in peclion of the Newark Di\'ision \\tl carried out by District Officer P. 11uschamp on unda)", ugust 30th. Supt. Geo. Reed was in charge of the parade.

Those present included A t. Commi ioner A. B. C;ilJ Oil, and 1Ii Gibson) District Officer G. Il3.rdy, Ald. B. J. lIm\ ard, Dr. E. Ringro e, J.P., the Chief Constable (:\fr.H. Barnes), and a good numher of spectators. Demonstrations of hand seats, handag'ing, tretcher elrill and air raid precaution work \Va carried out.

!hc in "pecling officer and the A tant CommiSSIOner both complimentcd the members on the excellence of their work and their smart turn out.

TnuRcRoFT.-The annual oompetition for the W Collier" Challengc Cup, organised by the Thurcroft Divisi?n, was held on aturday, August 29th. teams competed, the result being: 1st Dll1nll1gton Main Colliery, 177 points; 2nd ew Stubbin Colliery, 171; 3rd Ponteiract Colliery, 171.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) OiStr-1Ct.

TUNBRIDGE WELLs.-On Wednesday, August 26th, an enjoyable and successful social vvas held at Headquarte r s, Transpo r t Serot. H. Latter acting as M.e.

A miniature whist drive) with upt. Billenness as M.C., a b u n-eating race) and other games were indulged ll1 The evening concluded with a dance to the music of a ra liogram Major W. H R. Nob l e) Asst. Commissioner) car r ied o u t the ann ua l inspection of the Tunbridge We ll Divisio n

A In .

on Wednesday, September 2nd. Supt. Billenness was 111 charge of the parade.

The inspecting officer) who was accompanied by District Officer Hancox, watched demonstrations of stretcher and hand-seat drill and expressed his satisfaction with all he had seen.

WORTIIING.-Asst. Commissioner D. Bryce carried out an inspection of the Worthing- Division on August 16th. Supt. L. C. Butcher was in charge, assisted by Amb. Officers H. R. Child and A. E. Payne.

After drill) etc.) had been performed the inspectingofficer said the Division always did their work efficiently, and he complimented them on the splendid work they did at the recent Royal Counties Ao-ricultural how. )'1r. Bryce) on behalf of the Divi ion, presented the following awards:

" Edith Vigar Jl Cup, for regular and faithful service, Pte. C. E. ),Iiles; " John Robert" Cup, ambulance, transport and first aid) Pte. E. Harber; "Henry Russell" Cup, for first aid and general efficiency, Corpl. Yirgoe. An interesting presentation was that of a silver table centre to Pte. L. Best on the occasion of his marriage. T\Irs. Best was present to share in the congratulations offered to her husband Supt. Butcher announced that the recent Flag Day collection amounted to £15..j. 14s. Id., which, he said, was very good considering there was a shortage of helpers.

Northern Ireland ( Ulster ) District.

It is 'with very deep regret we haye to record the death of the Honourable Lady Kennedy, the devoted wife of ir Robert Kennedy, K.C.1\1.G.-Director-in-Chief of the Ulster Joint Committee and President of the S.].A.B. The call came to Lady Kennedy with dramatic suddenness: a eyere heart attack, and three days later she had passed on. One shrinks from trying to estimate the loss that will be felt in the home she has just left. A loving and devoted wife-not only assisting her revered and respected husband in the multifarious duties attached to the exalted position occupied by him, but carrying out with a sweetness and charm peculiarly her own the manifold duties attached to the various positions in the many Societies with which she was connected Lady Kennedy, who \vas a Dame of Grace of the Order of St. John, was President and Chairman of the Belfast Girls' Help Society, Chairman of the 1aternity Home, Chairman of the Ladies' \Vork Depot, President of the Church of Ireland Rescue League and President of the Holywood District ursing Society.

On Sunday, August 23rd, a memorial service was held at Glencraig' Parish Church Representatives of the various organisations and leading Belfast people were present, paying a graceful but pathetic compliment to one who was beloved by all \vho knew her The sympathy of the entire community has gone out to Sir Robert Kennedy and his family in their O'reat sorrow. We regret to learn tha t i r Robert has been confined to his room for some weeks.

N o r them Ireland ha suffered a further loss by the death of Mr. Gordon Ewart Mr. Ewart was for many yea r s t h e Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association and a Joint Secrerary of the Ulster Joint Committee. Unfortunately, owing to failing health) he was obliged to rcsign both positions.

U r. A. W Mann, ecretary of the S·lA.A. and B., has bee n appointed a memher of the Committce to act in an adviso r y capacity to the Uinistry in orthern Ireland on A i r Ra id P r ecautions.

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Williams (L1andudno J unction) were the iudges; and the following marks awarded :-

Przory for Wales.

The past month has witnessed a most desirable addition to Brigade activities t;Yithin the Priory for Wales by the innovation of Cadet camps. The \ve1come nen's that a grant of £250 had been allocated to the Priory for Wales for the purchase of camp equipment was not received until fairly late in the year; but no time \-,'as lost in announcing the camp arrangements and although the Cadets had had little time in which to sa\'e their contributions to the camp ex.penses the fullest possible advantage was taken of tIle facilities available.

The loan of the Glamorgan T. A. A. Hutments on an ideal site at Barry Island ensured protection from possi blr bad weather; and camp beds with mattresses proved so comfortable tIlat there was no regret on the part of the Cadets that they were not under canvas. It so happened that the period of the camps was favoured with the best weather of the season, which added to the general enjoyment. Arrangements n 'e re made for the Girl Cadets to take the first week, August 8th to 15th; and roughly 300 boys camped for one week each on the three subsequent weeks - the camp finally closing on Saturday, September 5.

The Priory was fortunate in being able to depend Qn two such capable Officers as Lady County Supt. 1\1rs. 1\1. Pas kin and Lady County Officer Mrs. M. Ingledew, who took charge from the 8th to the 15th as Commandant and Assistant Commandant respectively. A high standard of discipline was maintained and apart from an excellent holiday the instru ct ional side was well catered for. The following is a general idea of the daily programme:PhYSical drill 7.45 a.m., breakfast 8.0 a.m., orderly work and bedmaking 8 .f5 a.m" inspection 10.0 a.m., first aid revision 10.20 a.m., break 11.0 a.m., lecture 11.15 a.m., lunch 12.45 p.m., matron (dressings etc.) 1.30 p.m., rest 1.45 p.m., rambles or bathing 3.0 p.m., tea 5.30 p.m., sing-song 6.0 p.m., roll call and prayers 8.55 p.m., supper 9.0 p.m., bed 9.15 p.m., silence 9.45 p.m. The lectures included some extremely interesting talks from Miss E. C. Thomas, district health visitor, Barry; 1\1r. 10rgan, swimming instructor, Cold Knap Bathing Pool; Mr. F. Matthews, Captain of the Barry Fire Brigade; Ir. R. W. Hall, veterinary surgeon; the lisses E. and]. Vachel! (nature study) and Miss !\. Fletcher (folk dancing). In every case the lecturers were particularly pleased with the intel1igent response.

A similar programme was followed in the three camps for Boy Cadets, the first two of which were in the capable charge of Corps Officer]. J. Hughes, assisted by Corps Officer W. J. Walters; and the firm but kindly manner in which the Commandant controlled the hays won for him the title of "father of the camp." Popular events in each of the ambulance camps were visits to the Docks and life sa.vin!S demonstrations given by members of the Barry" and Dlstnct Corps; and, by arrangements kindly made by Asst. Commissioner F. R. Hortop and the Officers of the Barr) Corps, the Cadets attended a Church Parade on each Sunday morning to the Wesleyan Chapel, where Corps Supt. C. Lennox afterwards explained to the boys a mural the services rendered by the Brigade 111 that buIldIng whtle used as a hospital during the Great War. The subject of air raid precautions was introduced to the older Cadets, who showed keen interest in lectures kindly given by Corps Secretary E. VV. Sanderson.

The final week's camp was in charge of COlJnty Officer A. Blandford, D.C.l\1., M.M., who proved himself an able

Commandant, winning the esteem and affection of ofllcers and Cadets.

The one question asked all round \Va whdher the camps could be regarded as annual e\'ents; and the Priory will consider no eITort too much to make annual cadet camps a regular part of Brigade activities.

COllIPETITlONS AT WELSH 1 ATIONAL GATHERINGS.

At the Royal Welsh .\gricultural Show held at \berg Ie, ambulance competitions, which were organised as usual by the Priory for 'Vales, whose Principal Secretary, the lIon. John H. Bruce, was appointed Honorary Director of :\mbulance, figured in the attractions of the second day; and there were good entries for the Silver Chall nge Cup and hield for teams of men and woman respectively in "'ale and Monmouthshire in possesion of recogni ed certificate. The lonmouthshire Police Team was successful in winning the former, while the Cup was \\'on by the Rh) I team. The Llandudno Cadet Team secured the" \rnallt Jones" Shield in a competition for St. John Cadet Team. The ambulance arrangements were organised by the Priory, and the duties were carried out to the expressed atisfaction of all concerned by St. J ahn and B. R. C.S. personn e l in charge of Di\·. Supt. G. St. John Day. Over 70 treatment · were recorded.

Acting in a similar capacity on behalf of the Ro) al National Eisteddfod Committee, the Principal 'ecr tary \\'a responsible also for the Ambulance CompetitIons and provisions during Eisteddfod we e k at Fi hguard. The competitions, for which there were record ent ries, occupied two d:l)'s and resulted as under :-

" Lady Lewis" Cup, op n contest tor male teams, won by Breconshire Police.

" Lady Bute" Cup, open contest for female team, won by Llanelly S.J.A. n. team.

" lsca" Shield, open contest for junior male, won by Ogmore Vale Cadets, S.J.A. B.

" Trevethin" Shield for male teams in vVales and M onmouthire, Trel1arris, S.}. A. B.

" Silurian" Shield tor female teams in "Vales and Monmouthshire, Kenfig Hill.

" Gwent" Shield for junior female teams in Wales and Ionmouthshire, Llanelly.

"Elliott Alves" Cu p for teams in Pem brokeshire Constabulary, eyland.

First Aid contest for female teams in possession of First Aid Certificates, Narberth No. 1.

The Assistant Commissioner, Captain A. T. N. EYans, organised the ambulance duties, which were carried out efficiently by members of St. John Divisions and Classes in co-operation with B. R. C. S. personnel.

AMBULANCE WORK IN CAERNAR\'ONSIJIRE.

The increased interest taken in ambu lance work in Caernarvonshire, as well as the keenness those who are eng-aged in it, was demonstrated on Saturday, August 29th, when eleven teams competed for a silver cup, the R ift of Lord Penrhyn, the newly-elected President of the Caernarvonshire Centre_ By permission of the Commissioner, Sir Michael Assheton-Smith, Bart., the teams met amidst the beautiful surroundings of Vaynol Park.

In addition to the team work, carried out in the open, there were individual and oral tests, conducted in two separate marquees. Captain H. W. E. Dicky, R.A.M.C. (Pwllheli), Dr, Morris Williams (Harlech), and D r Mostyn

The leader of the winning- team is Constable J. 1\1. Jones ( aernarvon), who recei\-ed the Cup at the hands of Lady Penrhyn.

The acti\'ities of the variou bodie a ociated with the Priory for \Val s were referred to by the H n. J Ohll II. who al n ad\'ised the Caernan'on hire teams to apply lhelllse h'es to the queslion of dealing- with g-as poison. North \\ ales was r mote and on that account did

A J O 63

MEMORIAL TO AMBULANCE PIONEER

A stained glass window in memory of Dr. Sylvanus Glanville Morris, M. D., J. P., formerly of Maerdy, a Knight of Grace of the Order of t. J ol1n, and one of the pioneers of the ambulance movement in the Rhondda, was unveiled and dedicated at Llangunnor Parish Church on Sunday, August 16th.

Dr. lorris, who was a native of died in ;\larch, 1932, and was buried in Llangunnor Churchyard.

The unveiling ceremony was performed in the presence of a large by the widow, after which the Rural Dean of L1angadock, the Rev. J obn Titus (a nephew of the late Dr. Morris), dedicated the window. The sen'ice was conducted by the vicar of Llangunnor, the Rev. James Jenkins, the lessons being read by Captain Taliesin E. Richards, J. P., Commissioner of the Rhondda.

The Brigade was represented at the service by Commissioner E. D. Jones, Llanelly; Assistant Commissioner Dr. Sidney Williams, Llanelly Mr. R. Wilson Bartlett, Chaimlan, lonmouthshire Centre; Staff Officer T. J. Williams, Llanelly; Corrs Supt. \V. Scourfield, Cross Hands; Lady Corp Supt. l\liss Etty Rees, Llanelly; together

not need to show as much hurry as some other areas, there oug ht to be established a personnel to inform the public of what was happening, and, in the event of a threat of air raids, to allay the nervousness which mu t naturally follow. He also suggested that with the excellent material which was at hand, steps should be taken to form further Units of the Brigade in North Wales.

Continuing, the Commissioner for \Vales expressed appreciation of the service of Mr. J. E. Greaves, who owing to failing eyesight had been obliged to resign the office of president for Caernarvonshire, which Lord Penrhyn had consented to accept. He also paid a tribute tD the personal interest taken in the movement by Sir Michael Assheton-Smith as County Commissioner, and expressed his gratification that the Chief Constable (1\1r. Edward Williams), had agreed to act as chairman of the Central Committee.

Reporting upon the work in the County, Sir l\Iichael Ass heton-Sl11ith said that Juring 1935, the first aid instruction classes were attended by 480 person of whom .f32 secured awards. He felt extremely proud of the keen interest taken in the work by the quarrymen, ,,-ho, by reason of their occupation, realised only too well the value of first aid training. He hoped that the competition would become an annual event in Vaynol Park.

with other officers of the Llanelly Nursing Division and members of the Cross Hands Ambulance Di\'ision.

The design of the stained glass window, which includes the badge of the Order, is by 1\1r. J. Webb, of Grinstead, ussex, and the parable of '( The Good Samaritan" is beautifully portrayed.

COMPETITION AT l'\ELso

OPEN

The Nelson Division has organised competitions for teams of men and cadets for the "Gronow" Cup and (( Captain Richards" Shield respectively, to take place at the Social Centre Hall, elson, on Saturday, October 3rd. Ionetary prizes are awarded to the first three teams. Entries accompanied with a remittance of 5/- per adult team and 2/ 6d. per Cadet team must be received by the Secretary, Mr. S. Hughes, 32, High-street, Nelson, by October 1st.

The !\layor and l\Iayoress of Romsey, Hant, MajorGeneral Sir Richard Luce and Lady Luce, gave fir t aid to an injured motorist when an accident happened outside their home in Winchester Road, Romsey. Sir Richard Luce is controller of the V.A. D in Hants, and was Director of Medical Services, Egyptian Expeditionary Force.

J. Tholnas's Modification of the Thomas Knee Splint.""

By JOHN C. STOREY, O.B.E., M. n., Ch.,,)L(Sydney), F.R.C.S.(B:nglanJ), F .R .A .C. ::.'. AND A. J. THO;\lAS, Sllperintendent, Sydney lJful1icipal Council Div isioll, St. j ohn .4 mbuhmce Brigade

(Concluded !1'om page 4- J ).

In Figure 14 an ordinary triangular bandage is folded into a "narrow bandage." The narrow bandage is placed in the hollow of the sole of the

the instep below the short end, which becomes one cord of traction.

In Fig. 16 the long end is taken round the

simple procedure, but the method must he learned. The writers know of no other knot which will serve the purpose efficiently. It is important to use a "narrow bandage" which lies evenly and snugly and is not apt, like an ordinary piece of FI , . it).

2. The great benefit of this splint in the first aid treatment of injuries has been emphasised.

3. The writers are confident that if every patient suffering from a fracture of the femur Kere treated in the manner described, the surgeon would find his charge in good general condition, with the fragments in good line and length.

4. The patien ts would be spared much unnecessary suffering, and the final results would be better than hitherto.

5. To those surgeons who desire to treat patients by H. O. Thomas's method, the possession of A. J. Thomas's complete outfit is commended.

6. The modified Thomas knee splint and the kit would be especially useful to the medical services of the navy and army.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

back of the heel of the boot and looped h rou ah from below; to loop it from above is a common error.

In Figure 17 both ends are pull e d downwards;

roller bandage. to cause pressure on a particular point. It will be noticed that it is impossible to compr s the posterior tibial artery with a bottle knot, which may be left in position over the boot for man y hour.

II U::-'IE OF I· IR T AID.

boot, with one-third on the outer side and twothirds on the inner side. Both ends are brought up alongside the leg.

In Figure 15 the long end is brought across

the knot is applied to the foot over the boot or shoe.

In Figure 18, while continuous traction is maintained on both ends of the bottle knot, the Thomas splint is applied. One end is brought under the side bar and one end over the other side bar. The ends are tied firmly in a reef knot in the U-slot provided in the end of the splint.

When the A. J. Thomas splint is used, the ends of both bandages may be taken either under or over thei r corresponding side bar and tied to the dJuble hook.

The application of the bottle knot is then a

1. Every per son who suffers from a fracture o f th e thigh or of the leg down to the lower third, o r a severe injury of the lower limb, excluding those of the ankle and such wounds as are high enough in the region of the hip and of such a nature as to render the application of the upper ring impracticable, should have the described s plint applied where he has fallen.

o attempt should be made to move the patient one inch until the injured limb has been fixed and placed in a position of rest.

2. Every ambulance wagon should carry a ca nvas bag with the full equipment.

3. The personnel of each wagon must be trained in the use of the splint. Any ambulance man can learn its use in an hour, but periodic supervised practice is necessary.

4. Every hospital should keep an exchange kit in the casualty room. \Vhen the patient is brought to the hospital the limb is left undisturbed and the patient is put to bed un til seen by the responsible surgeon, who will usually find the limb in a good position.

The ambulance will hand over any part of the kit not used and collect a complete similar kit from the hospital. Unless this provision is made the value of efficient first aid is utterly lost.

SUMMARY.

1. A modification of the design of Hugh Owen Thomas's knee splint has been described.

The writers desire to thank M r. Musto for taking the photographs of Figures 1 to 13, and Woodward-Smith for the photographs illustrati ng the bottle knot, and the competition team of the S :" dney Municipal Council Division of the St. John Am bulance Brigade Overseas.

ADDENDA.

The following report has been received from the Medical Secretary of the New South \Vales Branch of the British Medical Association :-

In considering the merits of the modified Thomas splint as submitted for examination by Mr. Thomas, the sub-committee was guided by the following considerations.

A splint of this type should be (a) readily adaptable to patients of various sizes; (b) furnished for continuous extension during transport; (c) portable; (d) easily assembled; (e) of simple construction and capable of manufacture from standard materials; (f) relatively inexpensive; (g) interchangeable with similar splints at hospitals to avoid the need of removal in casualty room' (h) of such a type as to allow of routine use in wards, if desired.

A brief description of the splint will show that it conforms to these requirements.

It is composed of four essential parts :-(i) A distal portion, representing the part of the splint distal to the knee. This portion is threaded at its proximal ends, which have also a projecting to fit in a slot on the proximal portion. A small windlass attached to the distal end of this portion operates on a sliding cross bar by Bowden wire and is checked by a ratchet and pawl. Extension is maintained through this apparatus when the foot is attached to the cross bar. (ii) (iii) and (iv) Proximal portions of three sizes for large ad ults, medium-sized adults, and children, all of which portions fit the distal portion and are connected to'" it by a thimble screwed on the threaded ends.

FIG. 14.

FIG. t 5.

* Reprinted from the M edical Jounlal of .4 usLmlz'a.

FIG. 16.

FIG. 17.

The posterior half of the" ring" on each proximal portion is made of iron curved on the flat and is exceedin g ly well padded. The anterior portion o£ the ring is completed by a stout strap and buckle attached to the ends of the posterior portion. The curve of the iron may be readily altered so that one or the other of the proximal portion will accurately fit limbs of any size and provide counter-extension against the tuberischii. To ensure still further that the splint fits the thigh accurately, a leathered-covered wedge is provided. Slings of basil, aluminium gutter splints and large paper clips are useful accessories.

After witnessing the demonstration of assem bl y and application of this splint, we are satisfied that it conforms to the above requirements and we recommend that the Hospitals Commission be urged to m a ke it part o f the standard equipment of every casualty room. Vve also recommend that a similar sug g estion be made to the various ambulance services, as it is onl y by co-ope r ation between the ambulances and the hospitals that such a splint will attain its ma x imum usefulness.

One obvious ad v anta g e of the universal use of this splint would be the facilit y with which an ambulance could regain its full equipment by leaving the splint on the patient and exchanging the remaining portion of the splint for the complete kit belonging to the hospital to which t he patient was tran s ported.

To assure better wear at the junction, the thre a d and thumb-nut have been replaced by a ba y onet lock. The half-head should be put into positi o n for right or left limb before assembly. Any narrowing o r widening of the half-circle should be made after a s sembly.

---._.---

Str u ctura l An a toln y

IN the construction of the human body it would appear essential to provide some solid texture capable of forming a framework for the support and attachment of the soft parts and of forming cavities for the protection of the vital organs. That structure is provided by the various bones of tJ.e body which form what is known as the skeleton. BONE.

Bone is one of the hardest structures of the animal body, possessing a certain degree of tou g hness and eiasticity. In its fresh state it is of a pinkish white externally and deep red internally. Examining a bone transversally, we find that it is composed of two tissues, of which one is dense and compact in texture like ivory, while the other of slender fibres and lamellce which jointly form a reticular structure, resembling lattice work, and is called cancellated.

AID.

Bone is com posed of 67 parts matte?", such as phosphate of lime and carbonate of lime, to 33 parts of animal matter.

The outside er:lge of compact bone is covered with periosteum which, when inflamed, causes the disease known as periostitis. The com pact bone and the cancellated vary in proportion in different parts of the bone, the shaft bei ng al most en ti rei y composed of compact bone. The central (or medullary cavity) contains the medulla or marrow.

LI G AM E NTS.

Bones are connected together with ligaments b y which joi nts or arti ulations are joined. These li g aments are s trong bands of white fibrous tissue which surround the approxi matin g bones on all sides - anterior, posterior and lateral in square joints, and capsular in round j o ints.

The ligaments, whilst b e ing pli c: nt and flexible to allow of perfect freedom of movement, are al s o strong, tough and unext e n s ile to with ta nd a most severely applied force.

1 USCLE

Covering the skelet o n , w e ha ve the mu s cles. These are the acti v e or g ans o f locom o tion and al 0 make up and cl ose in the lar g e ca vitie s o f t he body. There are two varieties o f muscle -v oluntary and involuntar y

The voluntary mu s cles are under the c ontrol of the will and ar e found in the limbs and the surface of the trunk, whilst the involuntar y muscles are not controlled by the will and are present in the walls of bloodvessels, intestines, etc. The action of mu s cles is brought abou t b y the nervous system, each muscular fibre bein g supplied with a nerve filament whi c h on stimulation from the brain, or some nervous reflex centre, contracts and produces the particular result required.

FA T

Fat consists of little vesicles or cells about one-four-hundredth of an inch in diameter, each composed of a structureless and colourless membrane filled with oily matter which is liquid durin g life. The oily matter in the cells is composed chiefly of the compounds of fatt y acids with glycerine, and are named oleine and margarine.

Fat keeps up the heat of the body when reabsorbed in the blood and by its want of conducting power, keeps in the warmth of the blood; while it is also used to fill up ho ll ows and crevices of the body. Fat is the first suhstance to go when the body begins to waste.

W e are prepared to supply Ambulan c e and oth e r s with specimen copie s of this Journal for distribu ti on among the i r members. Apply to the Publi s h :! r s, FIRsr AID, 40 Cannon St London E:.C 4.

Razlway Ambulance News.

Gr eat Western.

L ISKE \R ll.-Th l' L iskea r d Cl1l1 1J111 a 1l Cl; c lass h eld i ts ann u al mnkillg co n ccrt and pr e 'c nt atio n of awa r d at the ,'tag' H ote l on Au gu·t l4- t h , NI.ayo r (A lderman E. pu n\ ay) pre idcd a n d pa id hi g h t rl hute to t h c ucces of the c lass e \ cry onc of t h e 27 mem b e r s h;l\'ing q u alified for an a\ \ ard Il:embc r s h o ld the Company s 15 ) car dfici ncy medal \\ h l! e \\ 0 bec n awarded thc pCClal ce r tificatc [or spcclal ly mC ri torio u s first aie\. The Likca rrl TO. 1 t eam had won the ad\'aneed CClmpLlition tmph). thc Lad) Astor" s h icl.d, on scvcn occa" IOI1S. \\ h d c f()r IX )ears t h ey had q u a li fied fo r t h e Final competllion at Paddi n gton. ., Likea r d," sa i d t h e \Jayor, ha') hCln in the plcturc fo r many years no:v, and the to\\ 11 is proud of the cla s and look u pon It as work which <icse n eo; c 'cry r ccoo-nition." IlL' amhulancl' work a a qualificat ion fo r good cltizCllShlp. The awards were prescnted h) )'1r. A Pear'on, As I tallt Traffic and a pl'cial prc'>cnlation was made Oil hehal f () f thL c Ia s to their sccrl'tary, 11 r. R H .\ nl!;()'\' c, at tht' halHb of :-' 1r. C. F. E. Harvcy. 1\lr J. I I. T l ppell , Di\ 1 lOnal \ mhulancl' aid .that 7,3.00 Creat \\ eslern rai1\\ a) men ,,"crc already as 'oclated WIth thl' mo\ lIllt'llt. hut t h ue \\ as still room for marc rccruits. An excellent mUSical programmc \\ a rCI1dcred during the e\ Lning" hy local artites.

O!-'\ \ H) ,-)' 1r. J. \\ . En er (Traffic )' l anager.

OS\\ eLr») presided ()\ er thc ann u a l l!;athen n g- of the o \\ c!:>Lr) amh ul ance class 0 11 \u gusl 7th, and p r esented cxaminatio n a wards to the -1-1 s u eccs f u l me mb e r s, repre cnt1l1g- 100 per ccnt. pa ·sc·. c01:g r atu lated. t h em on t h e exce ll cllL \\ ork llley w c r e dO ll1 g \ \'ILh the B rI gade, and paid hig- h trib u te to the tuition of D r. J. H C r ofton )'1r. En er a l 0 r de rr cd to the fact that t h e Cen tr al \V alc Divi ion had thc h io-he t perce n tage of tr ained amb u la n ce mcn of all} Di yi inn 011 the Great \ Ve tern Rai lw ay. The a w a r ds p r ese n ted inc lu ded go l d meda ls a n d ba r s for 15, 20, 25 a n d 30 yea r ' e ffic ien cy i n fi r st a id w o rk.

}' 1r. J. Be n bow, class secreta r y, u bmitted a s h o rt r e port of th e yea r 's w o rk a nd a d elio' h tf ul m u s i ca l pr og r a mme fo rm cd pa rt of t h e evc nin g s pr occcd in <YsLondon, Mid land a nd Scottish.

A STON . - Th e most su c c c s s ful cIa s e v e r h e ld at

As t on , h ad a pl eas in g clim ax wh e n t h e a w a rd s f o r th e p a s t sea so n were pr e sentcd o n Au g u st 29 th. Th e aw a rds w e r e c o mpri sc d of 11 ce rtific a t es 14vo u ch e r s, and 39 lab e ls. Th e ch a irm a n Mr. A. Edw a rd , co n g ratulat e d th e candid a t e s and a s k ed for th e ir con t inu ed in t c r es t. Mr. P. E. P ro b e r t r e c ei ve d a diploma fr o m M r. Edw a rd s f o r l1is app o intm e nt a e r vi n g Br o th e r. An ex cell ent musical pr og r a mm e was g iv en by m e mb e rs of th e cla ss , and a vo t c o f th a nks to the a rtiste s brou g ht an enj oyabl e evenin g- t o a cI o e

CAERNARVO N - Memb e rs oJ: the Class were successful

i n \"' inni n g a Silvcr Cup 111 the J Ul1 ior Section aL L1 anhe ri s The follow in g we r e members of team:

:0 l ess r s. Tom W es t, hor Williams, H a r old \tVdhams and D. E. Hu mph r eys (captain) . T he Sec r etarJ: of was A lde r man J. \tV P r itc h a r d, and t r ame r W illtam \ Vi ll iam5. T h ey h ad n ot competed before as a team a n d were h ig- h ly compl i mented on their work.

SPRl:\C5 BR \:\clI.-The annual dist r ibution of awards recen tl y took p lace befo r e a good gathe r ing of members. 1\1 r. H R. \ \'ykes p r esented the a\vards to the succe sful candidates, among \\ h om 1\1 r. R. Hodkin on E ).Ia r tin were giYen special mention, hath L o n g Sen i ce go d medal for fifteen yea r s exammatlOr:s passed T ri b u te was also paid to Mr. R. Hart fo r hIS unti r ino- efforts i n the training of the clas and team. certificate, four medallions and ixteen labels \\ ere al 0 di tributed

T \FFORD.-).lemhLr recl'ntly touk part in thc annual in(\l\·idual ambulance competition for the "Thomas lIowa r d" C u p T h is i s the sixth year of the competitIOn, w h Ich was instituted following t h e presentation by 1\1 r s. Howard of the trophy in memory of he r h u sband) a forme r L.)'I. locomotiye superintendent at Staffo r d The judge was D r. Frank L Ed\y ards, and the test consisted of treating a r e\'o l ve r shot \\ ounei through the knee, and a simple fractu r e of the ribs sustained i n a fal l. \Y inncr of the competition was 1\1r. Harry Taylo r , \\ it h Mr. George Griffiths as runner- u p U V Lock ley \\"ho a sisted by thc local hon. secreta r y, 1\1r. F G r ay, h ad made thc arrangement for the co n test, moved a yote of thanks to Dr. Edward D r. Edwa r ds, i n r cp l y, paid t ri bute to the effi ciency ot t h e competito r s, and de cribe d in detai l the t r eatment of the hypot h etica l in juri cs

\ V \ LS \LL.-L ong ' cn'icc ha\'c recently bee n prese n ted to me m ber s. },Ir. G. SLa l11 fo r th r cce l\' cd t h e 2) yea r s G o ld Bar a nd }'1r. A C. B r adley t h e 15 yea r s Go ld :01eclaL E. Ta l ho t m ade t h e p r esentations and t h a n ked recip i ents fo r t h e ir se n ' i ce La t he ca u e, wh ilst on A u g u , t 12th 1\1 r. A l ora n rcce i nd t h e 2S y ea r Gold Bar fr0111 1\1r. G A. G r imo ldb y

II. J. 1\I ill cr, am bul ance o ffi ce r of the II igh hridge a ncl Burnh a m St. 10 hn D iyi si on, h as r ecc ived th e Co mp a ny' s go ld m ed a l in r ecognit io n of h a yin g passed cxa minati o ns for 15 y ea rs.

il l r. Willi a m Bns \\ d l, of Chape l -L l1 -k-f ri th, d i eu 0 11 al urda y, Au g u s t 15t h.

H e w as em pl oye d on t h e L. 1\ I. fo r oye r 4- 0 yea r s , an d w as in st ru c t o r t o t h e C h a p e l-e n - Ie-f r it h amb ul ance cla s s until hi d ea th. y ear h e w-as awa rd e d t h e in i g ni a of e rvin g B r o th e r of t h c Or dc r of S t. John.

During the e ion 1935/1936 awards o'ained were 3,281, bein o a slight reduction over the preyions session The of certificates gained was 511) vo uchers 304, medallions and labels 2,223. It is pleasing to note that fir t and econd year awa rd s ho,\' an increa e over thc se ion.

Preliminary arrangements ha"e been made for next Di"isional competitions The conditions haye been slIghtly The patients may be o. 5 of the team, or a sUltab}y prepared pa.tient as circumstances permit.

TI:e DI tnct finals \\'111 probably rake place at the to\: n : Brighton (Districts I, 2 and 4), Deal ( o. 3), SalIsbury (No.5), Exeter (Ko 6) Brighton ( \\ omen).

R. P Biddlc, presenting the a wa r d ga111ed by the outhampton Docks Fi re Brigade, on the fact that eyery member of the Docks FIre BrIgade 'was a first aider-an excellent record and be proud of, He urged them to continue their tra1l1111g

l\1r. Biddle expressed thanks to Dr. H. C Attwood (lecturer) and to ::'1r. F. C Wren (class secretary); to Messrs. Inge and Amey, for, exami,na tion arrangements; and to illr. M, H. Jones (FIre BrIgade Superintendent) for the encouragement he gaYe to the ambulance movement.

N.S.W. Government.

\\'e haye received a copy of the Jubilee report of the attached the above railway, and 111 addItIon, an hIstorIcal reVIew and programme of commemoratIOn.

, The latter sets forth the" life" of the Corps) together WIth photographs of officials, etc., who have been con!1ected with it. In this respect there appears a composite photograph of eight foundation members who each the first examination of the Corps The memberShIP roll makes interesting reading: in 1885 there were 34 members) whilst 1935 the total r eached 16,085. This latter number excludes 2,937 tramway employees who were transferred from the Railway Ambulance Corps !o the Tramway Ambulance Corps which was fo rm ed 111 1934.

The report for 1935 gives particulars of the work carried out during that year. The number of classes held, ,3 96, was a record for anyone year, whilst the effectIve strength of the Corps is 45 pe r cent. of the tota l r aIlway staff. This figure includes the 1 324 new members obtained during 1935.

Partic,:!lars and , results of numerous competitions are also 111 the report, the Commissioner's Challenge ShIeld being won by Chubbord Electric Ca r Shops. Other competitions include Divisional tests t, Milna", Cup, and" Dr. Woodward" Memorial Meda l:

PartIcula,rs of outstanding first aid rendered by members, dUrIng the a r e contained in an appendix, a lso a lIst of past prIze W111ners in the various competitions.

A course of lantern lectures in First Aid and First Aid in Chemical Warfare will short ly commence at the Wimbledon Technical College. Full particulars may be obtained from the Registrar at Gladstone Road, London, S. W.19.

The Hospit Club.

THE 1936/ 7 session will open on October 9th, when the first monthly meeting will be held at the Bonnington Hotel, 'o uthampton Row. On ' aturday, November the Club's annual dance will be held at the Cora Hotel.

Membership of the Club is open to all officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and the hon. secretary, Mr. Albert E. "'t ells, 19, Elyne Hoad, Stroud . Green, London, NA, will he pleased to forward particu lars to those interested.

British Red Cross SOCiety.

I?ORSET. -:Lt .-Col. C. T. V. Benson, R .A 1. c., l\lilitary Hospital, Bonngton Camp, V\ 'areham, accompan ied by Lt.-Col. R. F. Woodw a rd, County Director for D ors I, re cent ly In specte d the Dor set / ii Men's Det ac h men t.

The parade was und e r Commandant E. \V. H. R. Scott, other officers on parade being- Ass!. om mandant C. V\T. 1\1ason, Dr. C. B. Th olll o n, Quarlerl1la t r T Ro ge r s anu Capt. Gardner, Church Army, lead r anu p at r on of Junior Links Red Cross.

, \ demonstration of ant i- gas warfare wa g i ven to how that the members were being trained in al'Cordance with requir ements A comprehensive ch me W<1 staged 111 a field kll1dly lent by Mr. Bailey, nE:ar the Fle ets H ot I, Pool e.

Colonel Bens o n co n grat ul ate d th e nwn up o n the smart a nd effic ient manner th ey had perfurmed their duties Col. Woodward the ur gent n ee d of preading knowl ed ge re ga rdll1g- a nti- gas measures so that the genera l public would avo id becoming panic-stricken and be able to fa ililate the a rran geme n ts being made by the loca l authorities for the protection at any tim e when the ne cess ity a r ose.

S URREY.- The a nnual camp fo r Surrey 1\1<.'11' Detachments was h e ld at Worthing, the total number of members present being sixty-four.

The Camp Commandant was Mr. B. E. R li naase n (C heam), Asst Camp Commandant 1\lr. G. F. Metcalfe (Albury), Adjutant, 1\1 r. A. E. C. Pre scott (Albury), Quarterma ste r, Mr. E. Hugh Hud so n (Guildford).

Instru ct ional "vork included first aid in th e field, squad and s tr etc h e r drill, gas ma s k drill, imprO\ isation, etc .

L ec tures were ::Ilso given in va rious SUbjects , Th e annual compelition for Surrey m embers und e r three years' service, wa s judged by Dr. Dundas McCall, of Worthin g , ass isted by Amb OITice r Pain e, S.l-A. B. T:,e winner was W. Cllander (Oxted) with 67 marks, followed by C. (Godalming), 59 marks, and F. Pearce (Godalming), 58 marks.

The" Commandant's" c up for the detachment with the high est average marks in the individual eve nt was secured by Oxted D e tachment (Surrey /6 1) with 51 J. Farnham (Su rrey/23) were second, 51, and Godalming (Surrey /39 ) third, 50!.

Among the visitors who in spected the camp was Col. L. F. Renny (County Controller for Surr ey) and Col. H. E. Weekes (County Director ::Jnd C':ontroller for Sllssex).

FIRST Notes on the Nursing

of War Gas Cases.

By MAJOR NORMAN

HAMMER, M.R.C.S.

(Continued fro/ll paKe 28.)

2. THE NUR II G OF No E GAS CASES. (THE POl O. S)I OKE)

THE sim pIe, straightforward Nose-Gas case I I not ne ed to be evacuated to ho"pital and so will not come under the notice of nurses as such : the gascs are not lethal and do not cause severe or prolonged illnes s

The action of th e Smokes, as yo u wi Il remember, is to cause a burning pain in the nose, mouth ( specially around the gums), head and chest, with a iddines s, dull headache and vomiting.

I oints to notice are :-

1. The gas is oEten first spotted ollly by its effects

l.. These effect do not come on until about four minutes after exposure.

S. onseqllently putting on the gas mask does not g i '!e i m med iate reI ief, the su fferers feel i ng the d layed effects of the gas they have already been exposed to.

+. They may ge t panick y and lose faith in their ma s ks, an d may discard them. This, of course, leads them to getting a bigger dose of th e gas than t hey need have.

The se poi n ts should perhaps be noted even m ore by Ambulance men and isters who are to be on duty ill first-line Aid Posts than by the Nurse who will be dealing with the cases in General Casualty-Clearing or General Hospitals.

5. After removal from exposure, the effects get 'Worse for a while, beginning to im prove after an hour or so.

Certai n com pi ications may occasionally occu r in Nose Gas cases, any of which may lead to the patient heing sent to hospital and so becoming a nursing case. These are :-

(1) Tbe g£ddin es s, which is one of the early symptoms, ma y lead to unconsciousness, occasionally deepening to coma. Other cases do not become unconscious, but are men tally dulled and apathetic, needing to be roused, with some difficulty, to perform any exertion, i.e., to walk, or to climb into an ambulance car. Unconscious cases will need the special procedures and precautions as laid down in the St. John First Aid

and H ome Nursing Textbook, for th-e unconscious state.

(2) Patients suffering from the smokes show, in all cases, marked depression. This passes off in about 48 hours but in a few cases may be so extreme as to lead to suicidal tendencies-which means that the case must be removed to hospital and wiIl need special care and observation from the nursing staff.

An early com pi ication is a tern porary J=-aralysis of one o r more limbs. This comes on early, goes off quickly, and is quite gone at 48 hours.

(4) At a later stage, often about four days after exposure, we get, in a very few cases, numbness, or shooting or tingling neuritic pains in arms or legs. .

Treatmen t is along general 11 nes : rest, fresh air, liquid diet. Pain in the nose, may be relieved by allowing the patIent to IIlhale chloroform from small ampoules which will be supplied, each ampoule put up to conta.in one or two C.c. of chloroform. Medicated pastdles may be sucked to soothe the throat. The neuritic pains are relieved by rest, the numbness wears off Complete recovery is the rule. Death never and the patient is not ill for a prolonged perIod.

3. THE NURSE A 'D TEAR GAS CASES. Tear gas cases will bc dealt with by first aiders in the line, and will not need to be evacuated to hospitaL Consequently they do not concern the nurse as such.

4. THE NURSING OF BLISTER GAS CASES. Sufferers from Mustard and Lewisite will in some cases need hospital treatment. The nurse will find that most of the gas cases that come under her care and observation at hospitals will be either Luna-Irritant or Blister cases.

In the next issue we will discuss the care of Blistel cases in hospital.

(To be continued.)

About forty Eastbourne doctors, the British Red Cross and St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade \'isited '.Vilmin gton Aerodrom e on Sunday, September 6th, to view the 10nospar Red Cross Ambulance the" Florence ightingale."

Legal Aspects of Blood Transfusion.

By P. L. OLIVER. Honorary Sec! eta}'y oj the Brit/sh Red Cross Blood Transjllslon Servz'ce.

LEGAL actions may arise for

(a) I njury to the recipient of blood.

(b) Injury to the donor.

Injury to the recipient may take the form of death from the injection of incom patible blood. The recipient may also contract venereal or some other disease from the donor.

\Vith regard to the first risk, the London Service is safeguarded by the very careful grouping of the donors on enrolment by our own medical officer, who first checks the corpuscles and then the serum. He recalls the donor for re-examination if there is any discrepancy. The medical examination is repeated after three or four years. There is of course the theoretical possibility of a donor changing from one blood group to another. Although we had quite a number of such cases in the early years of the Service, I think they may all be ascribed to careless initial grouping, probably with sera of a weak titre. As an elementary precaution, we recommend that every donor should be directly tested against the patient, but we are obviously unable to insist on this, although when it is properly carried out we do find an appreciable number of incompatibilities, particularly in Group 1 (AB). If tlus cross test is not carried out by the operating surgeon the legal responsibility rests with him and not with the Service. I think, therefore, that we are fully safeguarded on this point.

A possibility, which does not concern the Service, is that of the blood being injected in the patient so rapidly as to cause reaction and possible death, or a sim ilar result following the administration of a Group 4 (0) without double crossagglutination, under the mistaken impression that this group is universally compatible. A mere test of the donor's corpuscles against the patient's serum is not sufficient in this case as I have known deaths occur where this has been properly carried out; thus a Group 4 (0) donor gave to a Group 1 (AB) patient, causing death by the action of the donor's serum on the patient's corpuscles, a reversal of the usual experience. There is always the temptation to inject the blood too rapidly when the direct arm-to-arm method of transfusion is used, if only to relieve the donor from an unnecessarily long period of constraint, and for this reason, among others, the direcl method is very rarely used in this country. I have, however, been informed by a pathologist who carries out a very large number of autopsies for the purpose of

A 10.

coroners' inquests, that he has occasionally had reason to suspect that a contributory cause of death was a too rapid in jection of blood.

Injection oj tile donor with syplu'lz's 01" otller disease.-Before being accer-ted for enrolment, every volunteer is thoroughly examined by our medical officer. A fter every tenth transfusion, this examination is repeated. Any possibility of congenital syphilis is thus eliminated. \Vith regard to acquired syphilis I think it may be assumed that as the donor has no object beyond assisting the patient, he would naturally withdraw from the Service were he to contract venereal disease after enrolment. \iVere payment made for the transfusion, the circumstances would be different and there would naturally be a great incentive to conceal venereal disease. Tlll's z's tile great advantage of voluntary as cOlllparc.i wz'!1t profess'lOnal blood transJusz'on. is very seldom contracted in the British Isles. The volunteer who has never been abroad should therefore be Q safe donor on this score. The quarterly circular issued free of charge to all the members of the Service gives a great deal of information which keeps them an COltra?zt with the sim pIe medical poin ts affecti ng transfusion, and one may feel assured that the doctor's natural common sense would prevent the acceptance of a call for blood if his or her health were unsatisfactory.

INJURY TO THE Do OR.

Inject£on at the s£te of pUllcture.- This has been very rare in the London Service since the practice of cutting down upon a vein was prohibited. With an incision of from J to 3 centimetres and the closing of this incision with stitches, the risk is obviously far greater than when a single needle puncture is made. We now absolutely prohibit the first method, and it is exceedingly rare for trouble to arise on this score. In 1933 we had only one such accident in 2,698 transfusions, and in 1934 we had none in 3,448 transfusions. The only possibility of this accident is from the use of an imperfectly sterilized needle.

Iodine Burns.-As the result of experience we strongly recommend ether instead of iodine as a disinfectant. Three or four times a year we get a case in which iodine has been applied so lavishly (occasionalIy taking the form of a wet iodine pad bandaged to the arm after the transfusion) as to result in a rash or burn of the hollow of the arm. Sometimes this is so severe as to incapacitate the donor from work for a week or two.

Fa£ntness after TransJusz'on - This is almost entirely due to psychological causes and it rarely happens to an experienced donor. It is the direct result of apprehensions raised by ignorant relatives and misleading newspaper articles. If it occurs twice to the same donor aud there are no special

FIRS T

reasons, such as hurrying to hospital, we recommend him to withdraw from the Service.

G£ddiness or Verttgo . - Vertigo occasionally occurs if the donor arises too soon from the operating table or couch and hurries away. It is only a passing symptom and is usually recognised by the donor as such. Several years ago, a donor suffered from vertigo which commenced several months after a transfusion. He consulted his own doctor, whose experience of transfusion was obviously small, and was told that his condition was the after effect of the transfusion. This was before the appointment of our own medical officer, and as the man obviously believed thar. his condition was clue to the transfusion, we paid him the few pounds he claimed.

JJlalinge-r-£ng.- \Ve have had only one such case. A young man who had worked in a subord i nate position in one or two hospitals and had thus acquired a smattering of medical knowledge, served as a donor in a hospital where a somewhat crud t ch n iq ue was em ployed. The transfusion \Va performed by a house surgeon of limited cxpcrien e. The man declared that he felt so ill a a result that he was unable to leave the hospital, in which he \Va accordingly accommodated as an in-patient for a week. n discharge we paid him for a week's 10 s of wages and a further week's rest, but he continued to claim damages. His final demand was so heavy that our Committee in i ted on his bei ng exam ined by two em i nent medical men, a surgeon and a neurologist, in the presence of his private doctor. The three unanimously reported that he was simply suffering from "compensation neurosis" from which there was no chance of recovery until all further possibility of financial recompense was removed. The man dared not take legal action agai nst us. The actual cost to the ervice, including medical fees, was over a hundred pounds, but the experien e gained has been well worth the expense, as it has shown us how to deal with such cases.

How WE DEAL WITH CLAIMS FOR

If claims seem bona-fide and amount to less than £1, we pay them out of the Service fund. They include occasional claims for damage to clothing [rom blood or other liquids spilt on them. When the claim is for over £1, and when the damage, as is almost invariab ly the case, is due to the fault of the hospital concerned, we pay the sum and ask the hospital to refund it. This is usually done without demur. The British Red Cross Society guarantees all donors against injury, up to £100, from its own funds, and from £100£500 j o int l y with a well-k n own accident i nsurance company, which grants us this protection w i thout premium in recognition of the vallie of the service to its o r ganisat ion,

AID . 71

Generally speaking, there seem to be very few possibilities of legal problems arising in respect of the Service under the existing law of this country . This comparative immunity is due in part to the fact that our donors are not paid for their services.

Home Servi c e Ambul a nce Co m mi ttee.

At the end of June, 1936, there were 141 of the Committee's ambulances in the country and 215 affiliated stations, making a total of 356.

The number of patients carried during the quarter was 35,739, bringing- the number of cases carritd to June 30th, 1936, to 1,6H,S46. Ot these De\'onshire heads the list with 343,785, followed by Lancashire, W., with 214,937 and Kent 102,625.

The report points out the importance of stations making the quarterly returns not only of patients carried but of running costs. These assist in deducing facts which are of the greatast help in providing means to ans\yer questions from Units of the Order and the ociety proposing to take up similar work.

The report al 0 points out that there is no econom) in the neglect of necf'ssary adjustments and overhauls, and that the proper maintenance of \'ehicles is essential.

Ambula n c e f rom N ews Cuttings the Press.

The Editor invites Reade,s to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column.

FATAL \VASP SPII\'G.

A verdict that death was due to asphyxia caused br acute cedema glottiditis, consequent on a sting by a wasp, was recorded at the inquest last night on John Crosthwaite, 53, a County Council road man, who clied last Friday. The evidence showed that Crosthwaite was stung " ' hile drinking a glass of beer in an hotel.

His wife saw him lying in bed, but thought he was resting. - llIornillg Ad1.lutise r.

SAVED BY ,\RTIFICIAL RESPIRATIO T

For forty minutes a policeman and three firemen yesterday fough t succesc;;fully to the li\ es of two of the South Suburban Gas Company who were gassed 111 a thrf'e-foot trench in White Park-road, Orpington, Kent. Joseph E\'erett, of St. Mary Cray, and Ernest Tickner, of St. Paul's Cra)" were engaged in the trench disconnecting a service main gas pipe leading to a house. They were o\'ercome by an escape of gas and were seen to stagger.

An alarm was raised by a child and Tickner and Everett, who became unconscious, were pulled into the roadway. P.-C. Bulgin arri\'ed, followed by three firemen from Orpington Fire Station and an ambulance

They worked strenuously, using artificial respiration, for forty minutes, and then Tickner and Everett responded to the treatment and were lifted into the ambulance and taken to hospital.

Last night they were reported to be progressing fa\'ourably. - Dai?J' .Mirror.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPIL E D BY AMBUL AN CE SISTER .

FO()ND.-A 1\letlallioll, "N0. 64770, Rachel D. Rae," was found on B1ackh('ath on August Bank Holiday. If the owner will apply to Lady Di\ Supt. Jiss C. Pearce, 3 Ommaney Road, New Cross, S.E., it will be returned to he<

No.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.

Voluntary Aid Detachments in this District ",ill learn \-vitII regret of the resignation of Lady Irving- as Assistant County Controller for the County of London and 1\letrupolitan parts of Surrey, due to her leaving the District.

Although she has held this position for a short time only, her tact, sympathy and ready help have been very much appreciated by officers and members alike, and all will wish her every happiness in her new home.

Lady Supt. Miss 1\1. R. 1\1. Tuckv.'ell, No. 10 (Balham) Nursing Division, has been promoted to Ladv District Officer as trom August 1st, and succeeds Lady Irving as Assistant County Controller.

A Course of Instruction for \Vomen in First Aid to the Injured will be given at Toynbee Hall, Commercial Street, E.1, beginning Friday, October 9th, at 8 p.m. Fee for the Course, including the examination, 3/ 6d. Application for enrolment to be made to Lacy Supt. l\1iss Israel, 213 Vicarage Road, Ley ton, E.10.

HARROW N URSll"G DlYISIoN.-Lady District Officer

Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O. B. E., Dame Grand Cross of The Order, visited this Di\ ision on July 16th, to present awards gained by the members and also by those (If tlw Nursing Cadet Division.

Lady Iountgarret spoke of the work of The Order and said what an honour it was to be connected with it. She appealed to the younger girls to carryon the nne tradition handed down to them as a priceless treasure. So much depended on each one of them individually.

The awards presented were as follows, the junior and senior teams and Ambulance Sister B. Ridgeway having won the cups in open competition at the Wimbledon First Aid Festival :-

Efficiency Cups.-A. SisLer B. Ridgeway (Seniors). Cadet E. G leadle- Richards (J uniors).

Bedmaking, Seniors.-A. Sisters B. Ridgeway and M. Meek.

Team Test, Seniors.-A. Sisters B. Ridgeway, A. Astridge, M. Meek, D. Spiller.

Team Test, J uniors.-G. Roots, K. Birkinshaw, R. Stevenson, B. Burton. (This team took part in o. 1 District Com petition.)

Senior Home Tursing Certincate.-K. Dirkinshaw, R. Stevenson, B. Burton.

Signalling- Certincatc.-K. Birkinshaw, S. Sten>nson, D. Egan, E. Gleadle-Richards.

Attendance Cups, 100 per cent. attendances for 1935.K. Birkinshaw, D. Egan.

Attendance Cups, 100 per cent. altE'nuanc{'s fnr 1')34 and 1935.-R. Ste\'enson, B. Brllokman, E. Glenclk-Richards.

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A.13.

\VII, IIESTER CITY NG DIVISION. This Di\'ision helJ a 'Whist Dri\'e on Thursday, Aug-usl 27th, in nid of the County Endo\yment Fund. The beautiful garden of Her enl House, Chesil Street, was kindly oITered for the purpose by Dr. E. Churches, the Hon. Treasurer of the funu. The prizes were g-i\'en by :'lessrs. Collis, Cobb anti Srencer, Dumper, Ltd., and JeITrey and Son, \vhose gen rous surrort was much arpreciated.

The prize winners were 1, l\lis l\[anning- and l\Irs. Salter; 2, Mrs. Elford and Mrs. Brand; 3, hall-timc, Mr Love and Irs Ed,\·ards.

NO.3 DISTRICT, S.J. £\. B. \VALSALL \VOOD. -A course of instruction in home nursing will begin at the \Valsall Wood Senior Council School on Friday, September 18th, at 7 p.m :'lrs. R. Wheale acting as class secretary. \.

A FEW OF OUR OF THE MANY ADVANTAGES SPECIAL COACHING SERVICE

You can qualify as a Masseur in the comfort of your own home, in your spare time.

You can gain an expert knowledge of A ATOl\lY, PHYSIOLOGY AND L\NIP LATIVE TRK\T 1E TT without drudgery in the easiest and most econom ical man nero

You are placed under the expert guidance of a specialist in the subject.

You can gain the Institute's DIPLOl\lA and start a pri\'ate practice your own.

By means of our unique syslem of tuition any person of ordinary intelligence can masLer the course.

There are no text books to buy, no examination fees, and you can pay the moderate tuition fee by easy instalments.

Winning Costumes at the S.J.A.B. ursing Personnel Camp Fancy Dress Parade.

It is hoped when this is nnished, more than t weh e ladies holding both first aid and home nursing certificates will be keen enough to form a Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which is urgently needed in the district

The Ambulance Division at Walsall Wood is doing all it can to interest ladies in Brigade work, so that the proposed new Nursing Divis ion may be a strong one. At a Committee meeting held on September 1st, it was decided to invite those attending the abo e-mentioned home nursingclass to visit the 1\len's Division and see them at '(11 k, practices, competitions, etc. ] n this way it is hoped that the ladies will get an insight into the way a Division of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade functions.

tt An investment in knowledge pays the highest interest. "

Please send me, without obligation, a copy of your free booklet, "Swedish Massage as a Profession."

of the British Red Cross Society are to be congrat ula ted on their recent successes.

The Briti h Red Cross Society's merit badge a nd merit bar have been awarded to 1\1rs. O. 1\1. H olla nd an d 1\1iss :'liary E Dodds for proficiency in first aid, home nursing-, and first aid in chemical warfare.

EXPLOSION IN RED CROSS HUT. - Irs. Mabel Bell, of :'lliddlesborough, unfortunately herself became a patient while taking duty at the Red Cross Hut in the Albe rt Park, :'.liddlesborough, on August 19th.

Wishing to light a paraffin stove, s h e asked a police man for a match. A few seconds later the constable heard a call for help and, on going into the hut, fo und the stove had exploded and was blazing, and that 1\1rs. Bell's oyera ll was on fire.

He wrapped a blanket round her, and with some help managed to put out the fire After being treated for her injuries, Mrs. Bell was allo\yed to go home. Th e interior of the hut was slightly damaged.

It is fortunate that this nurse's training bad taught ber not to rush about when the clothes are on fire, and- tbat there was a man nearby who knew the correct way to deal with such an emergency. Had she run from the hut in the terror she must ha\'e felt, her injuries would have been more extensive than they were.

Items (Divisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc ), for this page sbould be sent to Ambu lance Sister, C/0 The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannonst re et, London, E.C.4.

Wellington Blood Transfusion Service.

\Ve, in are familiar with the Blood Transfusion Service carried on und e r the auspices of the British Red Cross Society.

This work is also carried on in many other counLries, and therefore we were very pleased to receive a copy of the fourt h an nual report of the \Vellington Blood Transfusion Service for the year ended January 31st, 1936.

The founder and hon. secretary of this Service is Mr. C. A.C.S.(N.Z.), who is actively connected with the Order of St. John in New Zealand.

During the twelve months under review 161 calls were rec e ived, an increase of 48 over the previous yea r. Some fifteen hospitals and other institutions we r e ·,'isited by members, who number 93 males and 40 fema les. One member has given eight and another seven transfusions , whilst eight have given six and ten on five occasions. The membership and activit.ies show a general increase year by year, a nd the num ber of appreciations received from doctors and patients gives cause for great satisfaction. The Hon. Minister of Health, Sir Alexander Young, at the annual meeting-, tendered his congratulations to the members on their humanitarian serv ices.

A detach menL of mem bers of Sunderlard Corps, S.J. A. B., under Supt. D. r\elson, attended the funera at Sunderland Cemetery of Dr. Alfred John Hopper. Dr. Hopper, who was in practice at Silksworth for many years, had given many years' service to the ambulance movement.

Coming Events.

The Editor will be pleased to receive pa rticulars of fo rthcoming events for inclu sion (free of charge) under this heading.

SEPTEl\ IBER

22. -A ldershot and Di st ri ct Corps, S.J A. B., Inspection.

26.- Fifth A.nnual Conference N o.4 (Lancashire) Di st ri ct, S.J .A.B., Queen's Hall , Wigan. o TOBER

3 & 4. -A ll England A. R. P. Course of I nstruction tor S.l.A.B. Personnel, Gt. Central H ote l , London.

4.-Western Area(r 0 .1 District), S.l.A.B., hurch P ara d e, Priory Church of the Order of St. J ohn.

9 - Th e Hospitallers' Club le eti n g, Bonnington Hotel, Lond o n.

10. -Co nf e r e n ce of S.J.A.B. County Surgeons, . t. John's Gat e

11. - B arnet Di\'ision, S.J.A. B ., Church Parade, i\ !onkcn Hadley Church, 11 a. m.

17.-East H am and In ter-d isLrict Challenge Cur ComreLiion

23.-Dance, Shoredi tch Nursing Division, J \.B ., h oredi tch T own H al l.

27.-vVcste rn Area (No. 1 District), S.J.A. B., i\nnu a l ocia l, Caxton H a ll, Westminster. NO\ 'El\ IBER.

13. - The H ospita ll e r s' Club eeting, Bonn in gton Hot I, London.

21.-Easte rn Area ( 0. 1 Di strict), S.J.A.B., "Edith Ward" Shield Nursing Competitions.

21 & 22.-All E n g la nd A. R P. Course of In truct ion for S.J .A B. P erso nn e l, Gt. Central Hotel, London.

25. - Red Cross B a ll.

Binding Copies of "F.A."

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DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E,C.4.

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Adopted by the War Office, the Admiralty, and the British Red Cross Society, etc.

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IDEAL HEALTH

OR T ilE LA\\'S OF LIrE AI"D IIE \LTIl

By \l exanclcr Br)C'l', :'11.0 ., .:'I I. Glas.,

Queries and ' Ans\Ners to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left h a nd corner of the envelope" Query," and AID

46, Cannon-street, London, E.C 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot the Journal, or, in case of Quenes [10m abroad, from a recent issue.

3·-The Textbook, to which refelence l:..e madt ill this colurrn is the 38th P928) Edition of S.J.A.A. M2nual of First Aid

AOMINISTRXfION OF :\lELLING ALTS.

F.G. (Johannesburg)-A.t a competition held recently, a patient had sustained a se\"( re brui::.e over the left lo\\"er ribs, internal hremorrhage deyeloping later. ] n spite of the instructions contained in par. 5, p. 122, of the Textbook, in respect of smelling salts, some of the surgeondisagreed " ith their use. I should be g-rateful if you would let me have your ruling- on the question.

If the competition was conJucted on tlIe Tl :--llJll ll k, thl ll as you rightly suggest, the adl1linistration of sl11elling salts was stri c tly legitima t e and should 11a\ e figured in the detailed marking sheet whatever the personal opinions of the surgeonexaminers.

I al 0 am among those doctors \vho do not appro\"e the administration of smelling salts to a case of Concealed Ha:morrhage (a better name than Ha-morrhage from Internal Organ, which term omits reference to the large blood ; but in a competition 1 must perforce accept the teaching of the Textb ook So 1 get out of the difficulty by markif'lg this detail in treatment uS low as is possible in the special circumstances of the test.-N. CORBI':T FLETCHER

HOWLER.

1\1. D. (Bristol)-At recent examination the surgeon-examiner asked a candidate what he would give to a patient suffering from Opium Poisoning He was intensely amused when the candidate immediately replied-I< An epidemic.l "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

l\10DIFICATION OF SCHAFER'S 1\lETIIOD.

G. R. (Doncaster)-I have asked several memhers of our class what is " the modification" of Schafer's 1\1 ethod of Artificial Respiration. As they, like myself, cannot explain this phrase, I shall be grateful for your kind help 011 this point.

Certain changes or modifications in Schafer's lethod have been suggested from time to time; and these have in every instance consisted entirely of alterations in the position of the operator's hands. The two chief modifications are

(1) the method described in the Textbook, which has been called the St. J obn Prone Pressure l\[ethod, and (2) the method adopted in America, which was at one time known

as the Prone Pres ure I thod and more recently as the Standard Technique for appl) ing Prone Pres5ure.

In Schafer's Method, the opel"ator's hands are placed on the patient's loins, so that pressure may be exerted in t h e pace between lowest ribs and pelvis, and the internal organs forced gently up again t the diaphragm. To do this, the thumbs are placed parallel on either side of the pine and wide apart from th fingers which arc spread out round the patient's body on the lowe t rib.

In the t. John l\lethod the hands with outspread fingers are placed O\'er the lowest ribs in such a way that the tip of the middle finger of each hand just touches the lower angle of each scapula:!; and pressure is exerted over the 10\\'er thorax.

In the Standard Technique l'lethod pressure is made on the loin as in Schafer's [ethod; but the thumb are kept in contact with the finger which cIa p the lower rib. Further, the operator breaks con tact at the end of each com plete movement and its right back on his heels.

THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

A few of the Subjects treated : -

First Aid

How to Treat Accidents

Influenza, Colds, etc.

Measles, Mumps

Treating Diseases by Water

"

Herb" Root and Salt Remedies.

Corns and Warts

Dieting for Disease

Treatments for Beauty

C. F.

The Royal Life Saving Society has al ways r jecled those modiflcations which it does not regard a ill1pro\ell1ent in technique; and it has al\\'a) s taught the method which Prote sor ( ir) Edward harpe)' Schafer originated and made public in 903. Further, it is an open secret that our Textbook Revision COlllmittee has :Iccepted the suggestion that it should revert to Schafer's :'Ildhod. Thereby uniformity of instruction has been obtained in thi countn' ince wilen the next edition of the Textbook is two' great organisations will combinc to teach one and lhcsamc of artiflcial respiration - a most iaudable decision! !.

IN FIRST AID.

D.S. (East Ham). - On one occasion a urgcon-Iecturer spent the wllole evening- lecturing on Insensibility, its causes, effects, treatment and so on. Then, being satisfied that his class had been really attentive, he began to ask questiolls and, turning to olle of lhe recruits, enquired what \.va the first thing- that he would do when he came acro s an insen ible patient. He was not pleased when the recruit replied: "As'{' him wlzat /zap/Je71l'd .I "

Good! 1 ext, please!!- C. F

IODINE IN DISREPUTE.

L. D. (Wick, Scotland)-In the May, 1935, issue of FIRST AID you mention that Tinct. Iodine is falling into disrepute in the treatment of certain cases I would be grateful if you would say in what cases tbis appli<ls. Meanwhile I thank you for your replies to queries which afford me much help.

The painting of wounds with Tincture of Iodine was introduced after my own student days as an " almost infallible" protection against the septic infection of wounds. Its genera use fo r toilet of the skin, however, afterwards proved that certa i n individuals reacted badly to the irritant qua l ities of Iodine and that these invariably developed an acute inflammation of the skin where it had been treated w ith Iod i ne. Such individua ls are few and far between; and t h ey ca n o nl y be recognised as the result of their pe r sona l expe r ie n ce. Consequently, if a patient tells me that rodine always causes irritation of the skin, always accept the stateme n and select some other antisept ic At the sa m e i me , I suspect that a proportion of these cases deve loped nfla mm ation of the skin throug-h the imprope r use of I o di ne wh ic h should not be "app li ed," as t h e T extbook states, b u t m e r e l y painted once over the wo u nd an d s u r r o u nding s kin Fur t h e r,

The Diseases of Men, Women

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The 500 illustrations and full-page Plates and the Anatomi cal fodels showing the Organs of the Human Body exactly as they overlay each other makes the reading matter more easily understood.

TH E Y O UNG W I FE and the experienced married woman will find all they want to know made clear .

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WOM E N O VE R 40 will fin d their diffic ulties regarding health frankly discussed.

There are hundreds of subjects of value in all. The m u scles, teeth , cligestion, hair,foodvalue, Ju-Jitsu, phreno logy. Ho w to cliagno se disease, from appearance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, pe rspira ti on, etc

Physical Culture

Exercises for all Purposes

W hat to Do in Emergencies

Treatment for all Skin Diseases

How to read Symptoms

The Lungs

Pleurisy

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

The Principles of Nursing

Invalid Cookery

Surgical Diseases

Brain and Nervous Diseases

Diseases of Old Age

Diseases of Infancy

The Principles of Phrenology

Shingled and Bobbed Hair

Diseases of Hair and Head

Adenoids

Sleep, Beds and Bedding

The Eye, the Ear

The Throat, the Nose

The Chest, the Heart

The Stomach , the Liver

The Teeth , the Muscles

I nfant Welfare

The Expectant Mother

Happy Motherhood

Hommpathy

Neurasthenia

Anatomical Models

Family Medicine Chest

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED

" I have gained 100 % in each of the 8 test exam- "Very pleased and with same. They are inations .. • the knowledge of which I attribute to written and explained so plainly that I am everyone your volumes, I have yet to meet my defeat in AMBULANCE who studies them must understand, and, agaIn, the IlIusEXAMINATIONS." trations are so true that anyone who had no

"I am delighted with' The Household Physician: and as knowledge at all about the particular the I am an ambulance man, I can appreciate them to their fullest diagram illustrates, would surely recognise It when

it should always be allowed to dry on the wound before any dressing is applied.

Thus, it would seem that an a l most i nfallib le application for all \'ounds has become a dangerous remedy; and the chemists have now produced seYeral varieties of antiseptics for which they claim all the ad\'antages and none of the disadvantages of Iodine. Perhaps one day fashions may aRain challge and these als:) may fall into disrepute! there still remains our old friend-methylated some of us regard as the ideal antiseptic for use in any emergency and ,,-hich in my hands has always pro\'e d a Rood friend to my patients.-N C. F.

TREATMENT OF STIXGS.

J. S. (Co. Durham}. - Some members of our Di\'ision \\'ere on public duty at the seaside recently and had to attend to a young lady who said that somethiflg had stung her on the foot whilst paddling in the sea.

The Textbook is silent on the subject; and Black's lIfedical Dt'c!ionalJ' does not help us "Vi ii you please tell us something about fish stings and how to treat them? I may say that upon examination of the foot a small red dot or, perhaps I should say, a very small punctured wound was found.

You can only act as laid down under Stings oj Plants and Ins ects (Textbook, p. 13). If the injury was caused by a jelly fish some authorities recommend the immediate appplication of vinegar solution.-N.C.F.

STU\(; OF HORSE-FLY.

G.C. (Surbiton)-A. friend whilst on holiday was stung (or bitten) by a horse-fly. On reaching home some Jays later she experienced diarrh cea which apparently was caused by the poison of the horse-fly. Is there any first aid treatment that could be given? thanks in advance.

As "some days" intervened between the sting and he onset of diarrh cea r question if the sting was, in fact, the cause of the diarrhcea, more especially if the victim was quite well during that interval. In any case the patient would require medical, and not first, aid.-N.C.F.

TRE ,\TMENT OF HYSTERIA.

G. C. (Surbiton} - In the treatment of Hysteria (Textbook, p. 167) we are tuld to "sprinkle her with colu watlr."

Do you consider the word cc sp r inkle" strong e n ough?

I was informed by a doctor that sprinkling would not be of much use.

To be of any service the treatment of Hysteria requi r e s that you should catch the patient "on the hop." Once I was called to Rn eluerly man who was enjoy ng a glorious .• Fit" in the street and was mo st resistant to treatment His recovery, howe v.:- r, was immediate when he heard me say in reply to a question from a very sympathetic lady onlooker as to \vhat more could be done - " I ltave sentjor the police; and th ey will have him in a ce ll in a jt!w minutes "

The victim ejaculated-" B e d--d zf they will.l "-forthwith g-ot on his feet and marched away homewards!

If the patienl is an hRbitual then she (or he) will probably ha\'e been "sprinkled" many time') and consequently this treatment will avail nothing. Further, it is neilher commonsense nor good first aid to throw cold water over such a patient and so to souse her (or his) clothing. As a general rule, therefort!, it is a Wlse plan to catch hysterica patients" on the hop" by leaving them severely alone (in an empty room if possible) and by telling them to get on with it ! !-N C.F

Posters fOl' Publicity.

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The new s ize is a double-crown, which measures 30 in by 20 in , and we feel su re users w i ll find this a very acceptable size, and the price (3 /3 pe r dozen, post free) very reasonable

The th ree sizes now a \'ai lable are: Larrre, 40 in by 23 in j ledium, 30 in, by 20 in.; mall, 20in by 12in; the prices being -+ / -,3 , 3 and 2/ 3 per dozen, post free, respectively .

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MANUAL of INSTRUCTION

for the ROYAL NAVAL SICK BERTH STAFF

This publication provides a complete general account of first c aid and nursing practice. It gives in conci s e form a general review of the anatomy and physiology of the human frame and deals also with bacteriology al1d the various types of disease and ill - health and their treatment.

There are chapters on: -

INFLAMATJON GE:"'IERAL URSING

HAEMORRHAGE BA..'WAGING

WOUNDS FE"ERS

FRACTURES AND D IS- GENERAL DISEASES

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S Ufjl / ted b), DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street. London, E.C.4.

LOCATIO S ANAESTHETICS

POISONS AND DISPE.'1-

ASPHYXIA SING

INSENSIBILITY COOK 'G FOR THE SICK

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IIUT AID

;1nbeptnbtnf Journal for 'fI.)e k\mbulance nub 3}lursing

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID Is published on the :loth of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d .

Its aim and Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily jor publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

The Perfect Pluid Diet

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Sectional Catalogue 7A, which is free for the askIng, describes this Patent Stretcher Elevating Gear, which is a triumph in compactness and scientific design,and the whole range of Ambulance Furniture and Fittings.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

1 elegraphic Address-" Twenty-jout', London. Telephont- City 37 IO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

EDITORIAL :-

Thank to the Doctor

t. John \mbulance .\ssociation

l. Andrew' Ambulance A sociation

Extracts from the Ianual of ] nstruction for thc Royal l aval Sick Berth taJT

S.J.A.B. OYcr C(lo; Coming Evcnts

S.J \.B. Headquarter and District

chool, Falfield Railway Ambulancc News

EDITORIAL.

A:-IOTIIER October has arrived and again it is our pleasing duty to tender to Dr. I\. Corbet Fletcher the cordial thanks of our readers and ourselves for his invaluable help during twelve months as Honorary Iedical Correspondent to FIRST AID.

TIrA

This year, however, has forged a link in history as the Doctor has now completed twentyone years of such voluntary service and so we feel that special mention and praise must be extended to him, although very much against his wishes.

Twenty-one years ago the name" N. Corbet Fletcher" was first appended to a query following the sudden death of Dr. L. 1\1. Frank Christian. One could hardly visualise so long ago that this feature of our Joumal would grow in popularity from one or two to anything up to sixteen queries each month. Yet that is an established fact. 1\lonth after month queries arrive to test the Doctor's knowledge; and the assistance given to readers cannot be over-estimated.

"PORTLAND"

GEAR (Pat. No. 380963).

ThJs new patent Ambulance Gear offers many unique advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter.

The " PORTLAND" Gear should be specified

127, 129, Great Portland Street, London, W.I.

1040.

Through FIRST AID the rulin gs and decisions, which appear above the initials" N.C.F." are accepted as authoritati ve not onl y at home bu t also Overseas-in Australia, Bermuda, Canada, Ceylon, India, New Zealand and South Africa, as is evidenced by the queries received from these farflung centres of the Ambulance 10vement.

During the past year 130 queries have received the Doctor's attention, whilst during the 21 years service this number is nearer 2,500.

We can not speak too highly of the services rendered by Dr. Corbet Fletcher to the Ambdance Movement; and, in the words of one of our readers, we give the toast- Ie N.C.F. - the Never Cornered Firstaider " - with our most sincere and deepest gratitude.

Am bulance Association

Lt.-Col. \\1. F. A. \Yadham, presided at the annual general meeting, held on September 29th, and tressed the need tor more people to study ambulance work. He appealed to the women to attend tile clas es

The Secretary, \V. Jacobs, 111 his n.'port, said the year had been successful in e\'ery way. The ficrures were the <Treatest since thf> inception of the Centre \0 if380. Thanks the ejf,)rts of Dr. F.:\1. luart, Dr.]. 1. Hender,:on and iter J ames, of the 1 orth Lonsdale Hospital, coupled with the hard \York of their own instructors, the year had been most from an examination point of "iew. :\wards dunng the past year had been: first aid certificates, 38 vouchers, 12; medallions, 9 ; lahels, 59 ; home nursing certificates, 7 ; pendants, 2. Since the Centre was started 4,717 awards have been gained.

The Committee for the ensuJl1g year was elpcted as follows : Boyce, Beckwith, Skelcher, Crossfield. :\lisses Reed and Hamer. J'llessrs. Jacobs, \Veb tel', Pedley, Love, Bro,>\'n, Gamble, Jackson, Howie, Lewis. Col. \Vadham made the presentation of awards for the previous session.

OKEHA 1PTOl\'.

At a public meeting held at Okebampton Town Hall it was decided to form a branch of the A sociation.

The i\layor (:\lr. S. J. Rich) presided. Others included the Town Clerk (:\1r. J. j. Newcombe), PolLce Supt. J. :\larsba ll and the l\ledical Officer of Health (Dr. E. D. _-\. Price).

;\1r. Herbert J. Vick (County CommIssIoner, :\11d-Devon Arca) explained the objects of the al:d the Brigade. He mentioned tbat over had been issued. He also referred to air-raId precautwns and emphasised the fact that members of the Brigade were being trained in this work and, therefore. would know what to do in case of attacks.

The was elected as President of the with ;\1r. P. H. :\liller as Secretary, and H. E. Whlte as Treasurer.

HCLL.

Sixteen teams competed for the "Carver)) cup on Saturday, October 3rd, the judges being Drs. K H. Beverly, C. Simpson. H. E. E. M. Dearn, L. F. \Vilson and Colonel \V. A. Thompson, T. D., A. M. S. Mr. \N. T. Atkinson, County Commissioner, presided supported by Mr. A. O. Sayner, W. E. Twinham (Secretary), T. E. Howden (Chief Cunstable), Capt. J. Lamb, Mr. R. Rit c hie (Hull stationmaster), upt. Rands (New Holland Division) and Mrs. Rands, Mr. and M r s. G. H. Oakes and Mr. J. W. Evans.

The prizes were presented by Major W. H. Carver, J. P., in the absence of :\lrs. Carver \'\"ho was indisposed, who said that the St. John movement was the very spirit of Great Britain's attitude. In his opinion it was this voluntary work which stood the country in such good stead.

The result was 1, Leeds City Police, 354; 2, Dairycoates, L.N.E R., 330; 3, York C. and W. Works, 302t. J ndividual prizes were won by J. Bell, Leeds Police; S.

Southard, Hull City, B J. Aylott, Grimsbr L. N. E. R.; \ -\1. Coolin'" Grimsby Police; J. Dorricolt, Grimsby Police. Huddeston (Deputy Chief Constable, East R iding) proposed a \ ote of thanks tu l\ l ajor Can l'r and to the officials.

St. Andrew ' s Alnbulance Association.

LEITI!.-The first aid clas in connection \\ itil the Lith District L. T.E.R. Section, held in Leith tation, was opened on unday. ertember 27th.

1\1r. George A. Richard, goods agent, outh L ilh Station pre ided, and before calling- on the IIonorary Surgeon to give the fir_ t of a eries of t \\ che lectures, he made the following presentations :-

Dr. Angu \\'alker and Joan SCl)tt. the \" lunta!'), l\ledical Sen'ice !\led'll, granted for 15 YCMS' enicienl jirst aid sen'ices. Donald ;\latheson, 3rJ p for 30 cars' service. \\,illiam tewart, 2nd clasp for 25 ) ears' en'icc. William B. Leslie, 1 t cIa p for 20 years' Sf'n icc. Georg-c Robinson, 1st clasp for 20 years' service.

lr. Richard congratulated all the recipients Oil their long and efficient Service to the :\Io\·ement.

The total sen'ice represented by the medals and rlasp. amounted to 125 year.

RorHEsAY - The Rothe a\' ectilln C()Ill111L'I1CeU winter activities on 2nd, at th'e Old ;\lan"ioll llouse, kindly granted by the of Bute as heaclquartt:rs.

Classes for beginners are being held l)Il alternate Fnda) s during- the winter.

Although only recently formed, members of this ection have already performed public en·icl:s.

ST. ANDRE\\'s - At the Illeet ing- of Sl. l\ndre\\-s To\\ n Council on October Sth, Pro\ 'ost \\ '. :\'orlllan BOilSl', who occupied tbe chair, presented the Voluntary i\ledical erviu! Medal of St. Andre,,'s .\l11bulance Corps tu lr. Georg-c ChristiC', COlllmandant of the local Secrion.

:\lr. Christie was the founder of the Sl. ;\ndrew - ection and has taken a leading part in the work of training- alllhulance workers and in the org-anisation of the first aid in the town.

\".7bile on dut\' at the Scottish lllotor cycle races on the West Sands, St. 'Andrews, in July, !\Ir. 'Christie was the victim of an unusual accident. A riderless motor cycle that had thrown one of the competitol-s shot inlo the enclosure, knocking down the ambulance tent and injuring thc man.

He was conveyed to St. Andrews Cott age Hospital where he made a satisfactory recovery.

Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR

THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Culllhlltl!d jrulIl pagp 55.)

(5) THE NERVOUS SYSTE:\1.

Mr. Ronald Corbet Fletcher, L. D.S., R C.S (Eng.), younger son of Dr. and Mrs. Corbet Fletcher, of 166, Haverstock-hill, N. W.3, was married at St. Stephen's Church, Hampstead, 011 Saturday, September 12th, to l iss Marjory Honor Peabody, younger daug-hter of the late Rev. J. H. Peabody (formerly Vicar of t. Jam s' Church, Clacton-on-Sea) and Mrs. Peabody, of 33, Do", nside Crescent, 1 \V 3. After the service, which was fully choral, a reception was held at the Rosslyn Lodge Hotel, Hamp:>tead, and was attended by 130 guests.

In tIl£' .)'Iomaclz. rastric Juice contains

(a) Pepsin, which converts proteins into peptones.

(b) Hydrochloric Acid, which helps in protein digestion.

III tile mall Illtestz'lle. (1) Bile emulsifies

III I lie .lIon tIl. Saliva contains Ptyalin, which converts starch into sugar. fals.

(1) Pancreatic Juice contains :-

(a) Trypsin, which converts proteins into rcrtones.

(b) Amylopsin, \\hich converts starch into sugar.

(c) teapsin, which mulsdles fats.

(3) Succus Entericus converts proteins into peptones and starch into sugar.

Thus all the diiTerent forms of food are acted upon by two or more ferments Sugar and salts are absorbed unchanged. Absorption. \V hen the foodstuffs have been digested and rendered soluble they are absorbed from the intestine into the blood stream, but not all in the same way.

(t) Sugar and Salts pass directly into the capillaries of the intestines, whence they are carried by the portal veIn to the liver. Some of the sugar is stored up here as glycogen for future use, and when required leaves the liver by the hepatic vein for distribution throughout the body.

(2) Peptones and Emztlsdied Fats are absorbed by the lacteals or lymphatic vessels in the villi of the intestines. They are then carried by other lymphatics to the receptaculum chyli, pass up the thoracic duct, and enter the left subclavian vein to join the blood stream.

*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H. M. Stationery Office Copies

H.

The Nervous System is the most complicated system in the human body. It controls every voluntary and involuntary movement; it enables us to use our senses, and it is the organ of the mind.

I t is bui It up of nerve cells and nerve fi bres and is divided into two main groups, the cerebrospinal nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system.

The Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

The brain occupies the cavity of the skull, and is enclosed by three mem branes called the Jl.IelZinges. They are;-

(a) The Dura Mater, a strong fibrous membrane, which lines the inside of the skull and spinal canal.

(b) The A1'aclmoz'd, a delicate memhrane, which lies under the dura mater.

(c) The Pz'a fo.fater, consisting of a network of blood vessels covering the surface of the brain and supplying it with blood. Between the arachnoid and the pia mater is a space, most marked at the of the brain, in which is a collection of fluid, called FLuz'd. This fluid is colourless and transparent, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a water cushion to diminish shock.

The Brain consists of the Cerebrum or large brain, the Cerebellum or small brain, and the Medulla Oblongata.

The Cerebrum occupies nearly the whole of the cavity of the skull. It is almost divided into two lobes, called the right and left hemispheres, by a deep fissure (or groove) running from the front to the back. The surface is thrown intoa number of folds called convolutions, whereby the surface Clrea is much increased. The interior of the cerebrum is not so l id throughout, but contains ca\'ities called Ventricles.

W.C 2 , or any branch , price of/Sd. post free.

On cutting into the brain it will be seen to to consist of two distinct tissues, called on account of their colour, grey and white matter. The grey matter, which is composed of nerve cells, is a thin layer on the outside of the brain, and encloses the white matter, which consists of nerve fibres . The w h ite m atter is much more abundant than the grey .

of the manual can be had of

M. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London,

The Cerebellum, very much smaller than the cerebrum, lies at the back of the skull, and though joined to the cerebrum, is separated by a deep groove. It is divided into two hemispheres and the surface is thrown into fine convolutions As in the cerebrum, the grey matter is outside, and the white matter inside

The chief function of the cerebullum is to regulate the groups of muscles used in standing, walking, and running so that balance may be kept.

The Oblongata connects the brain to the spinal cord. It consists of white matter and grey matter, but unlike the cerebrum and cerebullum, the grey matter is inside, and the white matter outside.

I n the med ulla the nerve fibres cross, so that the right side of the brain controls the left side of of the body, and vice versa.

The chief function of the medulla is to control the circ ulation and the movements of respiration and swallowing.

The Spinal Cord is a long cord of nerve matter which is continuous with the medulla oblongata. I t lies in the vertebral canal and is covered by the meninges, which are continuous with those of the brain.

On cutting through the spinal cord the grey matter will be seen on the inside and the white matter on the outside. The grey matter is arranged like an H, with two horns in front and two horns behind. These horns give off nerve fibre:::, called the anterior and posterior nerve roots. The anterior nerve roots are motor , -i.e., the y convey impulses to the muscles.

The posterior nerve roots are sensory, i. e. , they receive impulses from the skin. The two nerve roots on each side of the cord combine to form a spinal nerve.

Nerves are collections of nerve fibres, which run either from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles, or from the skin to the brain or spinal cord.

There are therefore two varieties of nerves :-

(1) Motor lVerve s.-Those carrying impulses from the brain to the muscles.

The will to make a movement originates in the brain. The impulse passes down through the medulla and the spinal cord.

It leaves the spinal cord by one of the anterior nerve roots. It then proceeds by the nerve supplying those muscles, which it is desired to con tract. As the fibres from one side of the brain cross to the opposite side of the medulla, the impulse to contract a musle on the right side of the body must originate on the left side of the brain, and vice versa.

(2) Sensory lVe l'Ve s. - Those carrying impulses from the skin to the brain.

These nerves convey the sensation of

touch, heat, cold, and pain. They enter the spi nal cord by the posterior nerve roots, and proceed to the brai n.

The neryes of sight, smell, taste and hearing are also sensory nerves.

Refle x Action.-If the foot of a sleeping person is tickled, the leg is withdrawn - this is reflex action. The stimulus is carried by the sensory nerves from the skin to the spinal cord. Here these impulses act upon the grey matter and cause new impulses to arise, motor impulses, which pass to the muscle, causing them to contract. This movement takes place without the action of the brain.

Nerves are given off both from the brain and from the spinal cord, those from the brain are called the Cran£al nerves, and thos from the cord, the Sp-inal nerves.

The Cranial Nerves supply chiefly the organs of the special senses, the skin and m L1sles of the face, and the heart , stomach and lungs.

The nerves of the special senses are :-

The Olfactory, or nerve of smell, su ppl ying the nose.

The op t£c , or nerve of sight, su pplyin cr the eyes.

The Audz'tory, or nerve of hearin g, supplying the ears.

The Glosso-pharyngeal, or nerve of taste, supplying the tongue.

The Spinal Nerves are given off from the spinal cord, and pass out between the vetebrce. After emerging from between the vertebrce the spinal nerves unite to form large nerve trunks, which then divide into branches to supply the skin and the m usles.

The large nerve trunk supplying the leg is called the Sc£atic Nerve.

The Sympathetic Nervous System consists of masses of nerve tissue called Ganglia, connected by nerve fibres. These are arranged mainly in two chains, one on either side of the vertebral column. These chains are connected to the cranial and spinal nerves.

The sympathetic system controls the vital functions of the body.

It regulates respiration, secretion and excretion, the circulation, movements of the intestines, and the blood supply to various parts of the body (through the vaso-motor nerves). It works quite independently of the brain, and continues during sleep and unconsciousness.

(To be continued.)

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretarie., and others with s pecimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers , FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St • London E .C . .. .

S.J.A. B. Overseas.

C.\NA

O ,\.

TOR ONTo.-i\l the Canadian at ion a l Exhibition held in TOI-onto from August 2 th to Septem ber 12th, members of the Toronto Corps, S.] .A. B. Overseas, again r e nd ered sple ndid erv ice. Sixty-three men and 23 nurses gave 3,770 \'ol untar y h ours of duty and rendered assistance to 525 pe rson. Every ni ghl th r ee men remained o n dut y so that as ista n ce wa s available contin u ous ly.

, \ la rg- e tent provided by the ex. hibiti o n author iti es was ful ly ey uipp ed by the orps, being di vid ed into sections-a first aid dre '. ing room, of11ce, 2 sections conta inin g 6 cots each, and rest rooms for members when olT duty.

Tent duty \Va in the care of t'1e Nursing Divi sion (under Lady Corp up t. '\lr Dougla ), whilst the Ambulance Division were under Corps url. T. ;-'1. \\ est and Corps Officer \V. G. Pri ce.

The WlH k accomplished was of the highest sta nd a rd, the ca es attended \'arying from sma ll wounds to fractured thighs.

The Clllllll1i':Jsioner, [)r. Chas ]. Copp, Corps Surgeoll Or .•\. T. i\lac:\al11ara and Di\. P \. 'a rjeant \ isited the exhibition in r ota three timl.!s daily and ex pres ed satisfaction l)f the work carri d out.

1:\ 01.\.

BO:\JBA Y. The annual inspection of the Bombay Corps was held on unday, August 30th, and carried out by 'i r Erne t Burdon, hid Commissioner for India.

The inspecting officer was recei\ed by \sst. Co 111mis ioner C;. W ile, and Acting District upl. Capt. F. ;\ Kapadia.

Sir Ernest tlr t in rected the nur ing divisions, consi. ting of Par i and Iu slim \\'omen, and th n pa se d on to the Parsi, J ew, Cosmopolitan, Hindu, ;\I aratha, R a diant Club, People's Muslim and Cadd di\ isions,

After the inspection, aptain F. K apadia read a short report of the work done by the BOIll bay Corps. H e said that next to o. 2 District, theIrs was the lar ge t and strongest in Indi a, ha\ 'ing on its roll two nursing, one cadet ten amb ul ance and three cadet ambulance divisions with a tota l of more than 600 members. The P a r s i Ambulance Division, the oldest, was registered in 1904, and th(' youngest, the l\luslim Nur in g Divi ion, was registered in 1935. All castes and cree ds were represented in the Distri ct, and the divisions did u eful work at publi functions an d during- riots a nd political trouble

Sir Ernest, ill his address, paid a comp liment to the Parsi division which had suc h a nne record of servi::e to its cre dit. IIe also complimented the P a r s i community on providing a hea dquarter for the di\'ision, and expressed the hope that the other di\ isions a lso would soon ha\'e their ow n h ea dquart ers. R efe rrin g to th e nur s ing di v i ion, Sir Ernest said it w as Yery encouraging- to see Purdah women taking to am bu lan ce work.

Sir Ernest r eg retted that, owing to Ilnancial difficulty, it bad not be e n possible for the He a dqu a rters to do much for providing better eq uipm ent to the Corps, but recently t h ey had re ce ived a cont ribution from the Sil ve r Jubile e Fund. A s um of R 800 h a d been allotted to Bombay from that fU."ld. Headqu a rters wer e also co nt e mplating the ap pointment of a staff onicer who se services will be available, in the maller of administrative and trainin!:; work, to the Assistant Commissioners. -

At O. 85

Ir. G. Wiles thank e d Sir Ernest for his suggesti ons and the allotment of R s 800 for their di strict The Chief Commissioner then visited the H ea dquarters of the Parsi Division, where he was garlanded by Mr. Pantbaki, the Superintendent of the Division.

RHODESI A.

Enc ou ragin g- examinatian reports have been recei\'e d from Bulawayo, where 16 passes where obtained durin g ]uly; from Gwel o, where 30 pupils of the Chaplin Hi gh School qualified for junior certificates; from umtali, where 42 members proved their efficiency; and also from Salisbury, where 15 members passed the examination.

Calls on the Blood Tran sf usion Groups at Cmtali and Bulawayo have been received during the past few weeks. With referen ce to the Empire Exhibition at ] ohannesburg, the Rhodesia Railw ays Di strict has recei\'ed an im itation for members to take a turn of duty at one of the first aid posts, and it is expected that many members will take advantage of the invitation.

Coming Eve nt s .

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or forthcoming events for inclu s ion (free of charge) under this heading.

OCTOBER.

23. - Dan ce, Shoreditch Nursing Di vis ion, S.].A. E., Sboreditch Town Hall.

25.-Annual Church Parade, Hampstead Di\'ision S.].A. B., 11 a.m., Trinity Pr esbyte ri an Church, High Street, Hampstead.

27 .-Western Area (1\'0. t District), S.J.A. B., .l..nnual S ocial, Caxton Hall, \Vestminster.

27.-l\letropoliton Police "Parsons" Shield, First Preliminary Competition, Peel Hous e

28.- First Annual Dinner, No. 114 (L. C. C. Trams ) Di\'isian, S.] .A. B., Feathers' Hotel, \Vestminster.

29.-Dance, Haggerston Division, S.]. A. B., Shoreditch Town Hall.

30 .- letropolitan Police ,. Parsons" Shield, S econd Preliminary Competition, Peel Hous e. N O\'E11BER.

13.-The Hospitallers ' Club l\leetin g, Bonnington Hotel, London.

21.-Eastern Area, No.1 District, S,J.A. S., "Ed ith W ard" Shield Nur s ing Competitions.

21 & 22.-A11 England A R. P Cour e of In t ru ction for S.].A. B. Personnel, Gt. Central Ho tel, London.

25. -Red Cross Ball.

25.-l\1etropolitan Police "Parsons" hield Competition Final, Peel House.

28. - Annual Dinner, B. R C S. Blood Tr a nsfusion S e n ice.

28.-Annual Danc e, Hospitallers' Club, Cora Hotel, London .

28.-Eastern "\rea, No. 1 Distri ct, "Charles tatham" (Massey Preliminary) Competition.

D ECE MBER.

5.-Annual Officers' Dinn e r, No. 1 ( Prin ce of \\ 'ales's) Distri ct, S.].A 8., Gt. Central Hotel, :'.I a ryl ebone

St. yo h?/? Am bu la nce B rigade

_Heaciquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports .

Bri g ad e Headquarte rs.

On Saturday, October 10th, history was made in the annals of the St. John Ambulance Bri c:ra de when the first conference of District and County 5urg-eons was held at Sr. John's Gate, under the chairmanship of Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief.

Sir Percival \Vilkinson, Secrclary-General, on behalf of The Order, welcomed tl1(' deleo-ates and commended the work \\'hich medical men were doing, It was, he i-liJ, the rock on which first aid was soundly built.

The meeting, which had a representative attendance from all the country, was an unqualified succe and a personal .tnumph of the fore ight of Dr. Corbet Fletcher 10 arranging such a

Each wore designations on his lapels and the fnendly splnt whlcb prevailed did much to bring surg-eons in closer co·operation.

Many items of interest to the Brigade were discussed different .view points "vere expressed on subjects which mixed classes, the co-operation between count): and surge.ons, suggestions for fjlm representatIOn of ordinary first aid f9ethods and a library of such films, to name but a fe>'.

Follo\\' ing the tea was served in the Chapter Hall, and many avaded themselves of the occasion to tour St. John's Gate before returning to their respective homes.

Some 1SO members attended the fifth All-England A.R.P. course held in London on October 3rd and 4th under tI:,e Chairmanship of Dr. W. C. Bentall, O.B.E.; Staff Officer A.R.P.

The Chairma.n oper:ed the course by welcoming the members and by 1l1form1l1g them that over 1 100 instructors had been trained. He welcomed 'also Wing Commander P. J. Hodsoll (Home Officer A.R.P.).

Comma.nder H?dsoll thanked the Brigade for the great help had gIven and congratulated all concerned on the holdmg of .A.R.P courses. The training school at J?alfield was turmng out 80 instructors per month, whIch he hoped to mcrease to 120 by Christmas, but. t?e Bngade could .greatly assist the Home Office by trammg the personnel m advance of the official training. He would want about one million employed on A R. P. \\ ork and should the occasion arise, which God forbid, he was sure he could rely upon the Brigade to do their part.

Sir Percival Wilkinson, in the absence of the Chief Commissioner, in thanking Commander Hodsoll said his presence the Order of St. John that the Home Office work of the Brigade and that the work was bemg carned on the right lines.

Course then officially commenced with a visit to a mobIle Gas Chamber, after which the usual procedure of these courses was carried out.

Once again Mr. Joe Grossman (British International PIctures, gathered around him Film, Stage and for the Saturday evening concert. This soc1al functlOn was greatly appreciated and does so much to cement the friendship made at these courses. was a very full day, but the keenness and enthUSIasm shown by the members gave the organisers

a f,eeling of atisfacl!Ol1 of hav ing arranged omething whIch members wanted.

Dr. the last lecture by thanking' the members ior theIr ll1lerest and forbearance' his colleagues (Capt. A, e. 'White Knox, M.e., 1\1.D.; Officer C. Bo\\-er, Corps upts. E. W. Jack on and L. R. Allum), who had a sisted with the lecturing; and lat but not least, those \\ ho had worked behind the scenesthe and hi a SI tant, )'Iajor P. G. Darnl-Snllth, C.B.E.; and )'1r. II. J. \Yriggleworth.

Corps upt: C. H. Pear on (Alcle r 'hot) on behalf (d the member \'olced a yote of thank' to the Chairman and his happy band of \\ orkers. Lady Dlstnct Officer Mi Port.er (l?olton) seconded the proposition, which \\ as earned WIth acclamation.

The next course will be held on Tovember 21 t and 22nd, and any member \\ ho \\ i hes to attend hould make early application to his DIstrict Comll1i siOller.

No. I \ Princ e of W a les's ) Dis t rict.

On Thursday, October 1st, members, representing many yea.rs' senice to the Brigade, assembled at IIeadquarter tor presentation of Service :\Iedal and Bar by the Commissioner, Capt. \V. Goodley, 11.C. 66 medals and 77 bars were distributed two officer receiving fourth bars. They were Corp Warren, A.R.P. Officer, and Lady Div. Supt. 11rs. Simp on, Ley ton and Leytons to ne Nursing Division.

After congratulating those who had received medals, and t.hanking them for their service, the Commissioner the origins of the Service l1edal, and emphaSised the fact that the medal was not purely for length of service, but for conspicuously valuable service to the Order of St. John.

The No. 1 District Ins lost, through retirement, a member whose servIces have covered nearly 50 years, and whose presence f 1'Om District functions will be greatly missed.

We ref e r to our dear old friend District Officer hute Barrington Piers, known to thousands not only in London but also visitors 1rom the province.

In 1887 he obtained his First Aid Certificate and being an enthusiastic cyclist joined the Cyclist of the then Metropolitan Corps. In 1893 he became Sergeant in Stores in 1895 Asst. Superintendent, and m 1897 Supermtendent 01 Stores which position he held until his r eti rement.

Space will not permit giving full details of Mr. Piers' excellent contribution to the Brigade, but certain items stand out. He is the holder of the South African War 11cdal, .for trair:-ing and members of the Brigade for active servIce; the Serv1ce Medal and five Bars the King Edward and King George Coronation Medals: In 1897 he was admitted to the Order of St. John as Serving Brother being promoted to Officer in 1928.

In 1909, owing to ill-health he was compelled to resign and as a token of regard and esteem members of No. 1 Dis t rict presented him with an illuminated address and a Silver. Tea Service 19 15, however, he was again back m harness and did yeoman work during the War,

recei.ving the Order's Vellum Vote of Thanks for his servIces.

In September 1936 he was placed OJl the Brigade H.eserve and has now retired to Hastings where he wi ll be able to carry Ollt his hobbies-bowls and gardening.

A I D. 87

amount of work the Brigade would be called upon to do during the Coronation Celebrations next year. He congratulated Asst. Commissioner \tVarren on the turn out and was sure his Area \vould uphold the record it already holds.

o. 108 (EUSTON) DIVISIOX.-A course of lectures in "First Aid to the Inj ured," commenced at the iVhitfield Institute, Tottenham Court Road, early this month. Amb. Officer F. \tV. Edwards, 51, Duckett Road, N.4, can supply any information required.

No. III. District.

The Annual Church Parade of the Birmingham County was held at Birmingham Parish Church on Sunday, October 4th, and was attended by about 600 members. The parade was under the command of Captain J. Henton \Vhite (County Commissioner), and the members marched to the church headed by the bands of the Brigade and the Tramways.

The members of the County Staff present were Colonel Si r Bertram Ford (A st. Commissioner), County urgeon E. W. Parsey, County Officers 'N. E. Ballard, G. E. Kingsnorth and E. Elliott, Lady County Supt. Mrs. F. Porter and Corps Officer J. E. 1Iatthe\\'s The Corp were in charge of Capt. J. E. Stone (" A "), Capt. e. \tV. Price (" B "), Capt. H. E. Cooper (" C ") and :'lrs. T. Oliver Lee (Kursing).

Tho e present included Lady Ford, Lady Rafter the Chief Constable of Birmingham and 1\1rs Moriarty, Colonel Broderick and l\Irs. Broderick, Col. Houghton, Lieut.-Col. F. H. Lawrence and )'1rs. Lawrence, Lieut.Col. A. \V. \\ ' ard-\Valker, )'Iajor H. Armishaw and Mrs. Armishaw, Capt. J. C. Piggott and Piggott, and Councillor 'V. J. Dalton and :'lrs Dalton.

The Les on was read by Col. Sir Bertram Ford, and an add res was giyen by the Rector of Birmingham. After the sen'ice the salute \"as taken in Square by the County Commissioner.

,\t the time of writing the e note we Jearn that l1r. Pier i in ho pital at t. Leonards -o n - ea to undergo a minor operatIOl1. \Ve are -ure hi many friend will wi h him peedy reconry anel that together \"ith )'Ir Piers he "...·ill long he spared to live a life of happy retirement and enjoy <:rood health.

\tVESTERN AREA.-The Commemoration of The Blessed Gerard was celebrated on Sunday, October 4th, when some 300 members of the \t\ 'es tern Area attended the Priory Church.

Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren was in charge assisted by District Officer F. Claridge, whilst Lady Distric Officer Robinia, Viscounte s 110untgarret, was in charge of the Nurses

Those present at the Service included Sir Percival Wi lk inson (Secretary -Gene ra l), and La d y Wilk inson, Co lo nel J. T. W oo l ryc h Pe rowne, 1\1r. H W. Fi nc ha m District Officer Green and Mrs. Green and others

The Rev. Pennington Bickford conducted the Service, an inspi ring sermon being given by Canon J. A. DOlJO'la , Ph D., B.D (a Chap lain of the Order), who took for his texts "Through the Gate called Beautiful," and <. His servants shall serve and they shall see his face "

Fo ll owing the ervice, Sir Percival Wilkinson inspected the parade and complimented the members on thei r smart appearance He ref erred to the enormous

No. V.

On Sunday, September 27th, the annual inspection of the South Eastern Area of o. 5 Di trict was held on Doncaster Town Moo r. 1\lrs. Kirby, of Denaby Main, who is 88 and the oldest serving member in the Area was on parade and received the congratulations of the Inspecting Officer, Commi sioner S VV 1\Ialkin.

There were on parade 1,580 including 1,166 ambulance, 286 nursing and 128 cadet personnel. District Officer Still was in charge, assi ted by District Officer Bunting, Corps Officer B. J. Carr (adj utant), Corps Supt. J. Allcock (orderly officer)

The Commissioner who was accompanied by Asst. Commissioner Dr. J. Huey and Lady District Officer 11rs. M A Pickering, took the salute at the march past which followed the inspection, and presented service medal bars to Supt. W . V Simpkins (third), Sergt. L. Johnson and Co r pl. B Pendleb u ry (first) all of l1exborough Division.

Mr. Malkin addressing the Q'athering said it was a pleas u re to him to see the parade and to shake the hand of t h ei r o lde t member, Mrs Kirby. He congratulated the Thorne Town Division on winning the "Else" Trophy fo r the most efficient Division in the District. He was p leased to know that Hatfield was taking a more lively inte r est in amb u lance work, and he congratulated its two office r s upon the backbone they v,'e re puttin o - into that Division To h elp forward that reviva l Dr. Hart, one of

their Diyisional Surgeons, had that afternoon offered two indiyidual prizes for the best man and the best woman in the ne"dy-formed Diyision.

Their parade that day was a record for the Area. He was particularly pleased with their alignment, their uniforms were well kept and their general bearing was all that he could desir e.

Cheers were giyen for the Commissioner before the parade was di mi sed.

The llayor and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. T. H. Johnson) and 11r. R. H. Hepworth, President of the Doncaster S.J.A.A., were among tho e present.

MALTBY.-The Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior of the Order) pres ented nearly 200 awards to members of the Maltby Corps last month.

Corps Supt. R. Young presided, supported by County Surgeon E. E. Dufty, Corps Surgeon J. J. D. aismith and Mrs. aismith, Corps Officers D. Ro s , D. O. Evans, J. v\ 'bimpenny, J. Scattergood, and Lady Supt. Mrs. vVhim penny.

The annual report, presented by Secretary D. O. Eyans, showed that the membership was 138 of which 119 were uniformed. Twenty-eight members entered the A. R. P. examinations. In Road Patrol work 550 hours haye been put in and 24 cases treated.

Corps Supt. Young, introducing the Earl of Scarbrough, said his Lordship's presence showed that ambulance work was very near to his heart. At the Maltby Colliery the speaker intimated that there was an ambulance man to eve ry fiye workers.

The Earl of Scarbrough, who was received with great traced the history of the Order and gave figu.res wh1ch clearly showed the progress of the Brigade durmg the past 12 years. His lordship referred to the work carried out during the past year and also to that which the Brigade will be called upon to do next year.

Air Raid precautions was another item his lordship referred to.

Distributing the awards, the Earl of Scarbrough had a kindly word to all recipients.

On b.ehaI£ of the Corps members, his lordship made a to .Cc: rps Secretary Evans of a writing bureau, m apprecIatIOn of long and meritorious service.

A vote of thanks was accorded the Earl of Scarbrough on the proposition of Corps Su pt. Young and seconded by County Surgeon Dufty.

SHEFFIELD.-At the annual inspection of the Sheffield Corps, held last month, a demonstration of reserve work during a gas attack was included.

W. Malkin was the inspecting officer, Dlstnct SU,Pt. 11rs. Birkbeck, assisted by Lady DIstrict Officer .:'I1lss G. Ashberry, inspected the nurses.

350 me:nbers were on ,Parade but unfortunately heavy ram the curtallment of the programme.

Mr. .:'Ilalkm congratulated the members on their zeal a Service medal to CorpI. Capp and Service to Dlv. Supt. F. Philby ("D" Division), Amb. Officer C. E. Hallam, Sergt. L. A. Taylor and Staff Sergt. G. Walters.

The Mansfield Coll iery Diyision were succe sinl in the general efficiency test and the team te·t the placing-' being :-

General Efficiency: 1, 1ansficld, 193 mark; 2, Thoresby, 186; 3, Rufford, 180.

Team Te t: 1, iansfield, 96; 2, Bolsonr and Cre swell (tied), 91; 3, Clipstone, 90.

Sir Edward Ie 1archant a director of the 13olsover Company, presented two silver cups to l\1an field Colliery Division, and complimented the Corps on maintaining a hig-h standard of efficiency.

NEWCA TLE.-On Sunday, eptemher 27th) members and friends of the Tewcastle Divi ion held an ollting to Blackpool. A \'ery enjoyable day wa pent and among the party was Pte. C. impson who 'wa a ,"cry activc member before having the misfortune to 10 e a leg.

The trip \Va organi cd hy the Diy. Ston:kCLpcr, Pte. 1 Davies, leaving ewcastle hy 9.15 a.lll. and returningfrom Blackpool, after eeing the illuminations, at ewcastle about 3 a.m.

SU::\,DERLAl\1J.-About 120 officer, men and !1ur!:ol.'S paraded on Sunday, eptemlJer 13th, ior the anllual Church Parade of the unclerland Corp.

Those present included County OfficLr P. '. Blundell, Corps Surgeon C. R. orfield, Corp Supt. D. 1\ c.1 'o n and Supt. J. H. Jefferson (Eastern Di\"i ion), Supt. J. R. Jones ( orthern), Supt. J. S. Barra (ilksworth Colliery), Amb. Officer J. \\'. Colling (I1ellon-le-IIole) and Lady Div. Supt. 11rs. J. E. Waddell (nursing).

The parade assembled near Silk worth Colliery Inn and led by Silksworth Colliery Prize Band, under the (onductorship of 1\lr. W. Cowell, marched to t. .:'Ilauh \\ ':Church, where a sen ice was conducted by the Re\". \\ '. Atkinson.

No. VIII. ( Duke of Connaught's) District.

ADDIS COMllE.-Th e new Austin Ambulance of the Addiscombe Division recently carried out a record journey of 937 miles.

A patient was removed from Eastbourne to Scotland and the doctor accompanying the case praised all concerned with the carrying out of such a long journey.

EASTBoURNE.-Owing to rain the inspection of the Eastbourne Division took place in the Drill Hall where Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) carried out a detailed inspection which included stretcher gas-mask and artificial respiration drill. '

Supt. Barnage, assisted by Amb Officers Boniface and Sauter, was in charge of the men and boy cadets whilst Lady Div. Dr. Daphne Dear and Lad; Supt. Mrs. Budd were 111 charge of the nurses and girl cadets.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher was accompanied by District H. J. Wrigglesworth, Div. Surge-oDs Drs. S. WIlhams and F. Fenton, whilst those present included the Mayor (Ald. Miss Thornton) Mrs. Charles Taylor Mrs. Sydney Smith, Miss Smith, Miss Serrena and othe;s.

No. VI. District.

BOLsovER.-The annual competitions of the Bolsover Colliery Corps were held on September 19th at Edwinstowe. There were nearl;Y 600 members on pamde,

FIR

ward. He always liked to see the complete St. John family-Pa, ;.,ra, ::\1ary and John-and they had got it in Eastbourne. IIe re f erred to the Coronation celebrations of next year and also air raid precautions instruction.

F \\'E RSIfX\I.-Conlmis inner E. A. Richards carried out an inspection of the Fa\'ersham Ambulance and Dl\ isiolls on unday,. eptemher 20th. He was accompanied by Lord Harris, the :Mayor of Faversham (Councillor F. \V. Farrant), District Officers Potts ancl II. ]. \\'rigglesworth, Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, and Di\ tlfg-eOll Doctor T. \V. Herclman Porter. lIPt. urling \\ as in command of the parade.

IIarri \\'a also present accompanied by the :'Ia)"ore ·· Farrant) and Mis ::\Iorri (i\Iatron, Cottag-e Hospital ). The ommissioner. after carr) ing (Jut his inspection, aid he had C n lIfficiellt to C011\ ince him of thc cffi-

A I D. 89

WIITTSTABLE.-On the first flag day held by the Whitstable Division a grand total of £38 3s. 8d. was realised with a further £5 19s. in donations.

The proceedings of the" Flag Day II were concluded with a successful dance, where Mr. H. W. Cheasley presented awards gained at examinations.

Mr. Cheasley congratulated the Division on its progress. Three years ago there were only nine members but at the present time the membership was 27. The Brigade was doing notable work and was always ready to assist.

Amb. Officer S. Richards thanked Mr. Cheasley and appealed for further increases in membership.

Various prizes were given during the dance, and O"reat credit is due to the Divisional Social Committee, who organised ihe event, and to Mrs. Richards and Miss G. Harland for supervising the refreshments.

Northern Ireland (U lster )

District.

The Annual Meeting of the Brigade in Northern Ireland was held on Monday, October 5th, the Commissioner, .:'IIr. Ian Fraser, presiding.

There was a very large attendance, the lecture room of the Ul ter Joint Committee being packed. The Hon. SecretarY. ::\lr. A. VV. Mann submitted the annual report, showing - that the progress made in the had been maintained. The number of DIVISIOns had increased from se\"en ambulance and seven nursing in 1935 to ten each respectively in 1936.

Activities had also increased and members were con tantlv on public duty at Motor Car and Cycle RacesPicture Houses, Boxing. Contests. Football Matches, etc.

The. officer invested Mr. Charles S. Taylor, M.P., With hIS badge of office as Divisional President whilst the Mayor presented first year awards. '

Dr. Corbet Fletcher addressing _ the parade said he wa'S pleased to see that Eastbourne was still going for-

'i" of the Liverpool Central Ambulance Di\ ision with a combincd continuous service of 150 year. Includcd in the group are Private tephcn \V ood and ergl. Stephen \' "ood (fathcr a(',d son) both holders of th en' ice :'Ilctlal. The 'o n \\"a only 32 year of age when he recei\'ed his award and is beli \'cd to bc the younge t member l)f the Li\c,'poo! orrs to recei\"e this honour.

cienc), of the members. He knew they could be relied upon al\\ ay to uphold the honour of their Division.

After the parade had been clismis ed Lord and Lady Harris entertained the Commissioner, Mayor and l\Iayores , the officers and party to tea Other rank had tea in the cricket pavilion and Serg-t. Wright thanked Mr. and Mrs. Payne for making the arrangements.

OUTIIWICK.-The annual inspection of the Southwick qnd Shoreham Division was carried out by Asst. Commissione r D. Bryce on Sunday, October 4th.

The parade was under the command of Supt. W. G. Shelton and among those present was Mr. E. T. Springate, M.B.E. (President of the Division), who obtained his first aid certificate in 1894.

After drill and first aid work Mr. Bryce congratulated the Division on its increase in numbers. They had keen officers. He referred to the importance of the Brigade in the event of air raids.

Mr. Springate thanked the Assistant Commissioner.

The Commissioner appealed for a continued and increasing- interest in Air Raid Precautions. They had offered their sen'ices to the Ministry in Torthern Ireland, which had been acepted. and members would be required in staffinO" the \'arious Fir t Aid Posts and Gearing and Ba e Volunteers were asked for those who could attend the monthly courses of instruction in London.

The Treasurer's report showed a credit balance of £27 13s. 7d. On the motion of Mr. D. Parker, seconded hv The Ven. Archdeacon Shirley, the Secretary's and Treasurer's reports were adopted.

At the conclusion of the Meeting a very interesting and instructive lecture on Blood Transfusion with a film illu tration was gi \,en by Doctors Greene and Innes of the Roval Victoria Hospital, Belfast.

A - hearty vote of thanks was conveyed to the lecturer, the Commissioner promisinO" that he hoped to ha\'e similar lectures given during the coming winter.

Mr. E. Pottinger, the handbell entertainer, received a magnificent reception at a concert given recently at Marlow, Essex.

On Thursday, October 1st, Div. Surgeon A. W. Paterson presented awards to members of the Droitwich Spa Division, S.].A.B. The Division had a 100 per cent. pass.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen 't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers , and Us -

The Anti -Gas School, Falfield.

By l\lAJoR A. TE:-\;\fYSOAT S?IITH, 1\1.D., C.l\ I.

IF anyone who has the pr ivilege of attending this school thinks he is going to have a joy ride when there, he will receive a shock and a rude awakening even if he holds an A R P Grade 1 Certificate, for he will find that the course is exhaustive and very intensive, necessitating his burning the midnight oil or land a very early cup oE. tea so that he may get in an hour's good work before breakfast, if he wishes to secure that much desired First Class I nstructor's Certificate afte r his exams at the end of the fortn ight.

At the same time the instruction is passed on in such an instructive, illuminating and interesting manner, not only by the officer staff, each of whom is a highly trained expert specialist, but also by the sub instructors, themselves experts, that the student feels his time is being most profitably spent in trying to master the details of the work.

The subject matter of the course is that outlined in A.R.P. Handbook No.1, given, of course, in detail, and in some parts in greater detaii, depending on the role that the students will take in their fu tu re A. R. P. work. For instance} in the course I attended, a good deal of time was spent on Chemical War Gases, their physical properties, sym ptoms and treatmen t, in protection and the running of Decontamination Centres. The Respirator was our constant companion, and woe betide the candidate who presented himself for examination without a very detailed knowledge of all pertaining to it-including its drill, its care and repai r-his chance of a First Class Certi ficate was very small.

The method of training is an essential feature

The Staff beiieve in teaching not only by the intellect, but also through the senses of the eye , the ear, the nose, etc. It is not a question of a succession of lecture after lectu reo Each lectu re lasts almost -i of an hour and is followed by a demonstration on the same subject, either in the Lab. Theatre or on the Range, almost 100150 acres in extent situated around the buildings, or both. \ Vork beg i ns at 9.15 and officially ends at 4.30 p. m , with an interval ot an hour for lunch Then tea, and perhaps, or perhaps not, a walle Tennis hard courts were in the act of formation when we were there, but had not been finished. The student finds that the rest of the evening, bar for dinner, is fully occupied in assimilating the work taught during the day, and in revision. '

Outdoor demonst r ations and work on the Range are most instructive. Take a typica l

example : the recognition and detection of \ i\Tar Gases. The c lass assembles, say at 12 noon, on the Terrace , each student w ith his resp i rato r haversack at " The A lert " - in all outdoor work the respirator is carried - and goes on the Range led by the O.C.

A sme ll , that of H S. Substitute " You need not wear respirators here, we are windward. Just step back a few paces and watch how 1\1 r Cummins locates and marks out the area of contamination," which he does by means of "ycllow paint" on the end of a long stick - one notes and wi 11 not forget. Then on agai n for abou t 1 mile when bombs go off on our leftand weareall agog, but nothing is detected for we are windward of the concentration A few steps more, however, and we are in it, this time Phosgene, and most of US are so keen in recognising the smell that wc forget respirators till we see the O c. adjusting his, when we follow suit. Another lesson not to be forgotten, i.e., get on your respirator at once, and proceed with the detection of the gas afterwards. Experz'entz'a docet, etc. Then two or tb ree are a ked " \ i\That is that gas?" Having smelt it bcfor from ,I sniffing bottles" the answers on the whole are correct. On again, the respirators being removed as soon as we get away from that COIlcentration.

Another lot of born bs, and later on another lot, and one notes the red flash, the fragment of the container, hurtling through the air; the cloud of droplets rising and being carried do\\ n wind and the resulting ground contamination. for now we are deal ing with persisten t gases, K. ,K. in the case of the first lot, and H.S. ubstitute in the second. There is, I assure you, no delay on the part of anyone in adjusting respirators, but even then, as we are a bit downwind, a few have smarting eyes from K.S.K, before those respirators are on, or, perhaps, one did not blowout hard enough to free the clear space between respirator and face. Still we have learned the lesson which again we will never forget. Then follows the visua( inspection-thc crater, the grass contamination around it, the lesser contamination down"vind, the contamination on the turf and on the drive caused not only by the droplets but also by the torn up sods.

Another day. The dressing, wearing, and undressing of protective clothing, a regular ritual. Incidentally, one learns that the wearing of this said protective clothing is arduous.

Anothe r day. The routine work of a Decontamination Centre, again a regular ritua l , and, of course, the" Gas Chamber" figures largely. It was all most interesting and enjoyable but for the thought of those beastly exams, the thought of which gave us all "needles and cold feet." I rathe r stress th is poi n t as it shows how desiro u s each one was to pass , a nd to be a credit to St. John.

FIRST

Everything that cou ld be done for our instruction and for our bodi l y, if not mental co m fort, was done by the entire staff who never seemed to consider anything too much trouble . At our course, all but one were serv:lI1ts of St. John, and one felt a pride in being associated with a lot of such genial but hardworking men, and if we did have a bit of a roisterous evening after the exams, when we had the honour of havin a the O.C . and his fellow officers to dinner with us, wel l , work was done, the examinations were over and the tension gone r sou nd en th usiastic I am. It was a marvellous course that I would not have missed for anythinO', for A. \vork gO,t crystallised in one's mind, and III my 0plnlOn, the more one knowns of the subject before proceeding to Falfielcl the more knowledge will one come away with.

\Vhat troubles us now is material. All the material necessary for practici ng was at hand at Falfield. \Ve are now supposed to teach others with no material at all wherewith to instruct and train, but wc live in hope

Pioneep s of Medicin e.

J. 1860-1936.

TilE great English physiologist, who died recently after an e:\.traordinar\, career, achieved fame as a result of discoverie having an important bearing on the health of workers. IIc also threw new 1ight on the ph )'siology of breath i ng, and made an original contribution to biological physiology. H is son, J. B. Haldane, is known the world over for his work on genetics. The physiologist, John cott Haldane, was the brother of the late Lord Haldane, the famous statesman and U niversity reformer.

Born and educated 111 E linburgh, J S. Haldane spent the greater part of his life at Oxford University He started there as laboratory master in physiology chemistry, and immeriiatel y directed h is researches towards the protection of workers. He discovered that carbon ic acid was the worst enemy of the m i ner, and invented a method of detecting the presence of t his gas His report on the causes of death among victims of m i ne exp los ions or connagrat ions was trans lated into several l anguages and forms the basis of the precautions adopted a ll over the world aga i nst these dangers

He a lso studied miners' anaemia and phthis is , the effects of in m i ne workings, the ven til ation of mines, the ca u ses of overheat i ng and spontaneous com b ustion of coal, and respir-

ato r y appa ratus for rescuers in mining disasters. He invest igated, too, the ravages caused by metallic dust, such as silica, and the condition as m iners' nystaamus Divers and workers In b caissons owe increased safety and better worklllg condit ions to the system of graduated decompression invented by Haldane, which makes it possible to work under water-refloating sunken ships, for example - at depths never before attained.

The men of the British Army and Navy have Haldane to thank fo r healthier living quarters, better food, more rational uniforms and more scien tific train i ng methods I t was Haldane, too, who prescribed the use of oxygen in the treatment of gas poisoning.

Haldane spent the last months of his life in I raq and I ran studyingsu nstroke and its prevention His work in the field of physic logy proper was no less remarkable. He revolutionised the techniq ue of anal ysi ng gases in the atmosphere. He demonstrated that breathing is regulated by variations in the carbonic acid (not, as formerly supposed, in the oxygen) content of the arterial hlood. Carbon ic acid reacts, by an extraordinarily del icate mechanism, on the respiratory centre of the rachidian bulb situated between the marrow of the spi ne and the brain. This discovery completel y transformed the earl ier theories as to the effects of muscular work on breathing. In the course of a scientific expedition to Pike's Peak in Colorado, Haldane stud ied the effects on himself of acclimatisation to high altitudes, and sought means of enabl ing airmen to attai n the upper strata of the atmosphere without danger . \ Vhile still an undergrad uate, Haldane revealed a philosophic bent. In collaboration with his brother, Lord Haldane, he wrote in 1883 the Essays of PIzz'losoplzual C1'1.licz'sm. This was followed by a series of works on the philosophy of science, with particular emphasis on biology. The last of these was published in 1935. For Haldane, the hypothesis of a vital force and the invocation of a simple mechanism are equally i nadeq uate He considered that biology and psy(:hology are much vaster than chemistry and physics.

Haldane served humanity well, as much by his discoveries - which have- improved working conditions and saved innumerable lives-as by his contributions to science and philosophy His name wi l l be for eve r identified with industria l medicine, phys iology and b iology

The Table II of War Gases w hich appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

Rat/way A nzbztlance News.

Gredt Western.

HONoURs.-As a result of recommendations made by the Great 'Western Railway Central Ambulance Committee, Mr. J. R. 1{orris, Div. Supt., Chester, and 1\1r. W. E. Baines, Div. Loco. Supt., Tewport, have been selected as Serving Brothers of the Order of t. John of Jerusalem. Both these gentlemen have been prominently associated with the ambulance movement over a long period of years and have been instrumental in fostering the acquisition of first aid knowledge among the staff of their respective Divisions . They have also closely associated themselves with the various functions in connection with the movement.

In addition the following members of the staff have been admitted as Serving Brothers of the Order in recognition of exceptional services to the movement :-Mr. L. G. Bretsch, Loco. Dept., Swindon (Div. Ambulance Secretary); Mr. C. J. Spiller, Traffic Dept., Tondu; 11r.

J. A. E. Price: Loco. Dept., Ebbw Junction; 11r. J. T.

Read, Traffic Dept., Kidwelly; ::\1r. S. J ames, Traffic Dept., Carmarthen; Mr. W. A. Rowe, C.M.E. Dept., eath; NIr.

E. Brian, Traffic Dept Glyn Neath; 1\1r. C. H. Clark. Traffic Dept., V..,r ellington, Som.; Mr. E. R. Wingfield, Engineering Dept., Plymouth North Road; Mr. W. G. Goode, Traffic Dept., Ealing Broadway; Mr. W. J. Vaughan, Chargeman Examiner, Carmarthen.

Mr. G. A. Burgess, late Locomotive Department, Old Oak Common, has been promoted from the grade' of Serving Brother to that of officer in the Order.

NEWPORT HIGH of 100 awards were presented at the annual dinner of the Newport High Street ambulance class, which took place at Fearis's Cafe on September 28th, and was presided over by Mr. W. E. Baines, President of the class. The Chairman commented on the fact that of the 7,520 successful students throughout the line last year, 700, or nearly 10 per cent., were from ewport Divisions. A number of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 year gold efficiency awards were the Deputy Mayor of ewport, Mr. RIchard DaVIes. Mr. S. Tyrwhitt, Assistant Loco. Supt., and Mr. E. Stibbs, Asst. Traffic Supt., presented examination awards. Dr. S. McCormac, Commissioner for Newport, proposing the toast of the class, said that it had contributed to the Newport St. John Ambulance Brigade three corps officers, including the present commanding officer and the ex-commanding officer, another staff officer, two or three divisional officers, three sergeants and four corporals, but he was like Oliver Twist, still asking for more. He would like first aid taken as a scholastic subject, for he considered the teaching of first aid would be a general benefit. Presentations were made during the evening to Dr. W. Verner, class lecturer, and Messrs. C. H. Hopkins and W. T. Lewis, and secretary .. Mr. A. G. E. C. Fudge, Deputy CommlsslOner of the Pnory for Wales, was among the guests.

SWINDON.-The annual general meeting of the Swindon Works class was held at the Co-operative Hall

on September 13th, and was presided over by Mr. F W. Hawksworth, Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer. The annual report presented by Mr. L. G. Bretsch, Divisional Secretary, showed that the total number of successful students was 309, an increase of 27 onr the previous year's figure. It \\as interesting to Jearn that a large number of member were attached to the t. John Ambulance Brigade, and that at hort notice, man) of them had volunteered to travel long distances by train to supervise the conveyance and comfort of surgical and medical cases to home and hospital. The home nuring- classes had also been \vell supported. The report included the names of six members who had been a\\ ardcd the Company's gold medal for 15 years' efficiency, two the 20 year bar, and three the Quarter Century medal. Reference was also made to the recent a\vard of the \ ellum Yote of Thanks of the 0 rder of t. John to 1\1r. E. 11. Lev\ is of the Carriage and Vlagon Department in recognition of exceptional services lo the movement.

The election of officers for the forthcoming session was made, Mr. J. Auld, Principal Assi tant to Chief Mechanical Engineer, being again appointed a Chairman, and Dr. R. B. Hick, lecturer.

london, Mid land a nd Scottish.

COMMERCIAL ROAD.-A very pleasant evening was spent recently by a large number of the slaff and their wives at a Smoking Concert, at which were present W. O. Davies, Mr. Milburn and Mr. Binks.

a few remarks regarding the first aid work 011 the statlOn, Mr. Eaton asked Mr. W. O. Davies to make the presentation of Ambulance award, \vhich were:Silver Challenge Cup with ilver 11edallion-:i\Ir. VV. Sumpter. Silver 1\ledallion for Runner-up--t,Ir. A. Winfield. Also Bronze Medallions and Bronze Labels to fifteen competitors.

The toast of the Company was proposed by Mr. W. J. Eaton M1'. W. O. Davies in a short snappy speech ably responded to the toast.

DUl\TJ)EE (WEsT).-The No. 1 Team have been successful in winning the "President's" Cup-the Blue Riband of Scottish Ambulance-thus taking the trophy t<? Dundee W. for the first time. This success has proVIded the fimshmg touch to a remarkable season during which both the Senior and Junior teams have won many trophies.

The members take a keen interest in First Aid work and Brigade C?mmandant, W. A. Nicoll, with 43 years' ambulance serVlce, sets an excellent example by being just as keen as a first year member.

GLOUCEsTER.-A feature of the annual competition for the "Dr. Gee" Cup organised by the combined ambu lance coq>s, was that the winning team obtain ed

maxImum points . The case with which the learns had to deal was treatment 0 [ a man who had apparently attempted to commit suicide hy throwing himself off a eli fC. The resulls were-I. Team "A," 220 marks. 2. Team "B." [ndividual prizes were won by A . Allison, T. Evan and A. G. Jones, who gained 20, 18 and In mark respectiycly, out of a total of 20.

LUTO'l.-The first dinner of the L.:\1.S. and L.N.E. amhulance class and staff was held on September 12th, the arrangemcnts for which v,.:erc made by M r. H. Preston and 11r. A. J. Keech.

:\lr. F. vVlles presented the awards, which consisted of 3 certificates, 2 ,"ouchers, 2 medallion and 17 labels.

.:\ OTTl:\GII \\1.- The ottingham Loco. Team were ucccssful in winning the competition held on September 27th in connection with the Rai1waYl11cn's Ambulance League, scoring- a total of 139 points.

distribution of awards took place at a I1wklng concc;rt recently, at \\ hieh the Deputy :i\1ayor, Coullcillor .::\1. Fairhur t) and r.lr. c. \V. \Vood, Di trict --'ccretar), were amongst those present.

Thl! Chairman, R. Parr, stated that the 1935-6 ' e iOll had been one of the hest for many years and paid special tribute to the cIa s lcctur r, Dr. J. A. Elliott. Approximatel) 100 candidates had successfully sat for examinations.

Councillor Fai rhur t dl "tributed the following awards :-5 certificates, 8 \ouchers, -+ medallions and 63 lahel Gold :\leclaJ " for 15 ycar service to Messrs. W. Barber, II. Hurro\\ s, \\'. Fa\\ edt, II. A. Gaskell, J. Greenough, 'vV. Kearsley, 1'. Jolley, R. Parr, F. \\-. Roberts, R. ilcock, T. imm, A. Taberner. Gold Bar for 2S year' service, :i\Ir. R. Banks. Gold Bars for 30 year' ervicc: :\Ic rs. T. Brown, J. Ormisher, H. Potter. G. J. \Vood.

smoking concert wa held on eptember 15th when S6 students received awards for uccesses in the l\Iarch examination.

11r. P. L. Gold presided, supported by Messrs. G. H. Atkinson, R. Jones and Mr. Marriott, of Messrs. John 1\larston, L td.

In making the presentations Mr. Gold spoke of the excellent results achieved. He paid tribute to the splendid work of the lecturer, Dr. T. C. Wilson, the instructor 1\1r. H T. \ Villiams and secretary, 1\1r. F. Humphreys,' and presented them with gifts on behalf of the class. Gold bars for long service were presented to F. B. Coley, 25 years; R. Clayton, F. G. J acksol1, 30 years; W. W Burton and H. T. Williams, 35 years, and 13 first year certificates were distributed.

london and North Eastern.

N EWCASTLE - The ann u al presentation of awards to members of the Newcast l e Ce n t r a l Station amb ul ance

Atn. 93

class was held on October 1st, when nearly 200 attended. Inspector J. Butler, Chairman of the Class, presided. Mr. W. A. Fiddian (District Supt.) presented the class individual competition prize to 1\lr. M. Athey. 1\1r. S. Cooper, General Ambulance Secretary, presented Gold Medals and Bars, including one for 35 years to Mr. J. Butler. Mr. Cooper said that the North Eastern Area was making considerable progress, but he was aiming at getting 3,000 students.

On behalf of the class, Mr. H. A. Butcher, Newcastle stationmaster, presented Dr. W. Pallett, lecturer to the class, with a travelling case subscribed for by the members. 1\1r. Butler said that the class had had a successful year. They had won the Newcastle District competition and were runners-up at the Area competition at York. The general awards were presented by :\lrs. Fiddian

l\1IDDLESBROUGH.-The Midd1esbrough team, with 67 points, won the i\liddlesbrough District ambulance competition at Greatham recently. The successful competitors were Messrs. M. Dovan, H. Almond, L. Taylor, and J. A . Knight.

Sa1tburn were second with points, and West Hartlepool third with 60 Dr. Russell, of \Vest Hartlepool, was the judge.

Metropolitan line (london Transport)

orne 150 members and friends attended the presentation of Examination and Special Awards at the Baker Street Offices on Tuesday, September 29th.

Under the Chairmanship of 1\1r. G. Hally, Operating i\lanager (Railways), the meeting opened with a talk on "The \iVork of the Order," by Mr. E. A. Richards, of the outhern Railway, who gan the members present an interesting journey through the ages to the present time; also" things to come."

Mr Hally then presented the awards with his usual smile and encouraging words to each recipient.

The number of examination a"'ards presented were :-23 Certificates, 10 Vouchers, 15 "l\Iedallions and 103 Labels Three Special Certificates for the Furtherance of First Aid amongst the staff were given and three further certificates for the most efficient cases of First Aid during the year.

The meeting closed with votes of thanks being accorded Mr Richards, the Chairman (Mr. Hally) and the Cent r e Secretary-Mr. J. A Gravestock.

N ELSON.-St. J ohn u r sin15 and Cadet Divisions held a social on Saturday, October 10th, when awards gained in the recent examinatio n s were d istrib u ted by l\lrs . ] Portlock a n d M r s E. l organ. The n u rsing division made a p r esentat ion to u rse M a r y Lewis on the occasion of her m a rr iage.

SOCIAL EVENT S.- The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Joumal for your Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

latest in Resuscitation.

By , VILHELl\I HAASE - LAMPE, D ire c to r , Draeg erwerk , Lu beck .

A - T OF THE T

ONGUE.

IN cases of a p pa r ent d eath or s u spe n de d b reat hin g, the patient's tong u e lies ro lled u p o n the epig lo tt is (except ions observed with ep ilepti cs). It mu st b e removed from this position in o rder to give the ai r free access to the windpipe If this r emova l is omitted the patient while t reated by a r t ificia l breathing (no matter wh ich method) wi ll suffo cate Fou r methods of treating t he tongue a r e recommended to-day for the layman :-

1. Pulling out the t ong u e wi t h the fi n ge rs (with a cloth being wrapped around) and ty in g it fast to the chin.

2. Pulling out the tongue as under 1 and fastening it between two small ba r s tied together on either side

3. Pulling out the tongue as under 1 and fastening it by means of a cloth p ut ove r t h e mouth angles .

4. Pulling out the tongue as under 1 and fastening it by means of a safety pi n , on a cloth tied over the chin.

Since 1924, another method has been t r ie d at mine rescue work in Ge r maIlY, sugges t ed by surgeon - major - general D r. Milner who app li ed i t during the war, at the tongue treatment of asphyx ia patients from gas attacks. After opening the jaws and clearing the mouth the patient's head w ill be turned sideways, possibly to a r ight angle. The tongue falling sideways down from the e p iglottis makes free a slit sufficient to afford f r ee passage for the air for artificial respi ration .

Dr. Milner's me t hod proved to be good. Now it is generally applied at first aid ope r at io ns In Germany and unive r sally taught and fo llo wed by all rescue organisations

B -CARBON DIOXIDE ADDITION

Since 1926, the following q u est ion is de alt with in theory and practice of resuscita ti on :- I s it usefu l , useless, or i njurious to add 5 pe r ce nt. o f carbon diox ide to the inhalat ion a i r durin g ar t ifici a l respiration, as recommended by H e n derso n and Haggard in co - operati o n with Ha ldane? Th e character of this proceeding is st ill a p r o bl e ma t ic one It is disputed by Nicloux, Ro st, Th ie l , Vossenaar and Mij n lieff.

In Centra l European rescue o r g an is ations, it has not yet me t with genera l a pproval. The

probl e matical n at u r e of t he m et h od des tr oyed t h e fa ith i n it.

Th e r e a r e expe ri e nc es, however, i n G e r ma n r esc u e pr a c t ic e, prov i ng t h e u sef uln ess of ca rb on di oxide add itio n also i n cases of suspende d b reat hin g.-Ext r act from a lect u re given at the fourth Int e rn at io n a l Cong r ess for Life av i ng and Fi rst A id in C ases of Acc ident.

Posters for Publicity.

FOLLOWI:\TG the request of many users a new sIze h as been i nt rod u ced in the 'tock Posters advert ise d in this Journal. In addition, owing to i n creased demands, we have been able to reduce s li ghtly t h e price of the small poster from 2/ 6 to 2/ 3 pe r dozen, post free .

The n ew size is a double-crown, which measures 30 in. by 20 in., and we feel sure users wi l l find this a very acceptable size, and the price (3 / 3 per dozen, post free) very reasonable

The three sizes now available are : Large, 40 in by 23 in ; Medium, 30 in, by 20 in. ; mall, 20 in . by 12 in; the prices being 4/-, 3, 3 and 2 3 per dozen, post free, respecti vel y.

Remittances and orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd .. 46, Can non Street, London, E C.4.

Practical Points.

T he Editor inv i tes Notes on actua l Cases-with special reference to good and bad poiots in T reatment-fo r inclusion m this Column.

DANGERS OF Tov-EvES.

Mothers of young children would do well to examine the eyes of toy animals and dolls.

My little girl was playing with a toy rabbit. Hearingthe sound of choking- her grandmother rushed to her and was in time to prevent her from swallowing one of the eyes fitted into the toy,

It was fitted with a pointed spike that would have done serious damage had it been swallowed.

Since then I have examined all glass eyes of my child's toys. My husband pulls them out if they are loose and inks the eyes in, or I darn them in. -M. T. (Grantham).

Every penny spent on advertising creates prestige, standing and reputation for the firm that spends it. It may not be discernable in immediate results , but the effect is certain and the power cumulative.

Przory for Wales.

CIIl ReII PARADE AT PONTYPOOL of the Pontypool Corps numbering- 300 strong attended servi:::e at the Tabernacle Bapti t Church on unda)', September 27th. The parade men, women and cadet, with Corp Supl. Fred 01elmes In charge.

Headed by the Pont ypool ;,\1 ilitary Band, the parade marched to the church where the Rev. Richard Rees, pastor, conducted the ervice. In the ('ourse of his address the pa tor maue special reference to the fine work accompli hed by the Brigade. , ".

Followin<y the sen' ice ounty Comml slOner S. T. Beard pre the following- sen ice medals bars: 'econd Bar Corrs ccretan _. T. :'Ilogford; F Irsl Bar, :\mbulance 'Officer J, Sen'ice :'.ledal, Surt. \V. :-' Iogford.

TREII \IHH'-,

The annual competitions promoted b! the Treharri DivisiDn were held on aturuay, September 19lh, when lZenflg Iiill LOred a double succc s. " ."

Nine team of 1111'n entered fDr the Dr. LeIgh Challenge 'up and fi\ c cadet tcams for the « \'. D. Clee" Cballenge ·up.

The rc ult were: ;\1en, 1, Kl'nllg IIill, -H9 tllnrks 2, Police, -H3; 3 Brecon Police, 401 k; of, Penygraig, .IX,; 5, Puntypool, 6, .\bertillery, ; -, Ffaldau, ; " Lady Le\\ is, 33 I lJ, Glyn-neath Pol tee, 2S :It - ndet", 1, Kenfig IIill, 202 marks; 2, Duffryn .\Illmanford, 1 ; 3, Ffaldau, 1bl of, .\bertillery 163 ; 5, !'IIaindy and Ea I ndi\ idual rrizes were also awarded to the proncient man in each posit ion, and these were won by (Jeorge Verrall, T. Berry and R. Verrall, of and J. Davies and ;\. Clee\'e of the i\ l onmouthshlre PolIce.

Cartain D. G, Richard " rre ided O\ er the pri.r.c dist ribulion.

[l'\SI'ECTIO:-l AT TREDEG .-lR

On aturday, eptel1l ber 19th, some sixty men t venty Cadets of the Trcdcgar Division attended the PresIdent's annual in p<'ction

The Pre ident, !\lr. v\'. D. \Vooley, J. P. (Illanaglng director Trede(Y,H Iron and Coal Co.), was accompanied by Capt. S'. T. B;ard, Counly Comllli sion.er Jor shire; Capt. ' ,Richards, :-\sst. Co 111 III IS lo_ner, Bed\\'ellt)' District; Stafr Ofllcer \\'. Penberthy, Corps Supt. j. Leach, Corps Secretary J Wilcox,. D.r. T. Davies and ;,\1r.

A. E. Cooke, Chairman, DJstnct Council Capl. S. T. Beard presented warrants of to Co r ps Secretary vVilcox and Ambu lance Officer 1. H. Evans whilst 1\1 r. \Vooley presented the meda s as second prize \:inners in t h e" l\1arlin" Shield to ll1 Tytrist Co ll iery team, a l so meda ls to Pochln Colliery J unIOrs for reaching t h e nnal of the" !\larlin " Shield competition.

Ofhcer E. Powell, who has bee n tran ferred to I\ arkham, where he is soon to be appointed superinte n dent, was p r ese n ted with a watc h as a memento o r ps S up t. Leach pr eser:te d Officer W.hitcombe with hi s ce r t ficate as inst r ucto r 111 a ir raid preca u tIOns (Grade 1 )

\VALES COLLIERIES J Ul'\lOR CO;\IPETITTONS.

The nrst competition for the "Boydell" shield for juveniles employed in the 10r th Wales Collienes took place last month, The shield, t!le gift of Mr. T. Boydell, H M. Senior Inspector of for the North Western District, is for annual competltton atllong youths who have only passed their first aid certi.ficates Medals for the winners and runners-up were prOVIded by the North \Vales Coal Owners ., Dr. Glynn Evans and Dr. Brook were the Judges, their placings being :-1, Llay marks; 2, LIay Hall No 1 144' 3 LIay Hall TO. 2, 140; 4, Gresford, 122 t; ., " B h 1121 8 PI S, Hafod, 116t; 6, !fton, 114 ; 7, ers am, '2';, as Power, 96t ; 9, Black Park, 89 . Col. Bromilow, managing director, Black Park Colliery, presented the shield and H e thanked B?ydell for his gift and his great consIderatIOn for the jU\'endes of the industry.

Mr. Boydell said it \,,' as a. pleasure the first junior ambulance competitIOn In .connectl?n. the collieries in North \Vales Forty years tn the mtntng tndustry had convinced him of the value of first aid. That.the work of first aid was in every \vay voluntary and that services were freely given was to him a welcome feature.

All who competed for the shield would hold a St. John Certificate. He trusted they would not let their energies and enthusiasm be satisfied with that first step, but would go on and secure their medallion and even a string of labels, remembering how in a humble way they were the successors of the Ho pitallers of the Order of St. john of J.erusalem, who in their day realised the \'alue of tl;at \'ery klr:d work. If the gi\'ing of the shield was any help In them to become efficient first aiders he was <llllply repaId. :'lir. BO\ dell paid tribute to r. SharjJe, secretary, for the excellellt organisation of the competition ,

Tew

Does your colleague read PIR5T AID, if not, send us his address and we wiII post him a copy.

Bentley Church L ad's Brigade Amb ul ance Team A l though only formed a year ago, they have already gained many honours in the competition arena.

Competitor and Judge.

By DR. B. ROSEFIELD.

Al\IBULA TCE competitions are looming ahead. There is a feverish activity discernible amongst all teams who aspire to possess one or other treasured cup or trophy. It will not be remiss, therefore, if we review a few of the mistakes of competitors, as seen through the eyes of a competition judge.

Remem ber always that you are ina competition and not an annual re-examination. In other '''lords, you have to show the judge that you can deal with the case in hand better than the other fellow. A re-examination does not require the ability demanded by a competition. Your examiner will always allow for small mistakes and endeavour to put you on the right track. Your competition judge will do no such thing. He will deduct marks for each mistake made, and the more mistakes made the less likelihood of winning. The judge is not there to point out where you are wrong in an endeavour to obtain a correct answer. You may be completely wrong, but the judge will vouchsafe no information on that score. His job is to test your ability in comparison with fellow competitors.

Captain and Team.

The team captain is essentially the pivot arou nd which the successful work of the revolves. He Deed not necessarily be the oldest or the most experienced mem ber of the team. Too often one finds an elderly captain, who, though his knowledge of first aid is beyond dispute, is yet a very poor leader. Your team should have a Leader, one whom his mates will understand and obey. He must be able to get the proper facts of the case by correct questioning and be able to direct his men and to avoid confusion in work.

Co-operatt'on of Team.

Listen carefully to the questions put by the captain, and the received. Do not interupt while your captain is ascertaining the facts of the case from the judge. \Vait till he is finished. Avoid asking the same questions. It exasperates a judge to be continually asked the same thing. Finish your particular job in hand. For example, do not leave a splint half bandaged in order to assist somebody else. Do not keep up a continual flow of advice to the others-that is the captain's job. Half-way through the test do not turn round to ask the judge to read the case-card again. The captain has already done so. You should have listened carefully at the time. If you

did not master the full facts at first, you should have asked him to read the test-card again.

Smartness and Gene1'al Appearance.

A smart, keen, well turned-out team creates a good impression. At a recent competition we saw a team parade before the judge every mem ber of which was chewing gum! They did not get the cup. Take your hands out of your pockets when you address the judge. It is slovenly and extremely discourteous.

Competz'tzon "Nerves."

Don't get flustered. Competition" nerves" have been responsible for losing more than one cup. Try to forget the critical attitude of judge and spectators. I magine that you are dealing with a genuine accident case. Get to work and do the job thoroughly. A judge does not expect " nerves" in people who enter for individual or team competitions.

R eplyz'ng to Questions.

Reply to questions put to you in clear, deliberate and well-chosen words. A stuttering, faltering competitor is never in the running for honours. Be brief. Don't Jau nch forth in to a lecture; keep to the point. You will lose marks by wandering off the question under discussion.

., Comfoding Words."

If you look up the marking sheets of former competitions you will invariably find marks allotted under this heading. It is surprising how few competitors gain anything for this point. Vve usually find a member of the team uttering a few banal phrases which are supposed to be "comforting words." Vie cannot imagine anybody returning to consciousness after a serious accident ever feeling comforted by a cursory tap on the shoulder, and being curtly told that he is quite alright!

A ttentzon to Detazl.

Where every mark is important, it is essential that the utmost attention be paid to details. Do not neglect anything in your questioning or treatment, no matter how trivial it may appear. The extra point gained by an apparently minor question or deed may turn the balance in your favour.

We could go on indefin itely about the glaring mistakes made by the average competitor. U nfortunately time and space permit of mention of but a few of the more obvious. In the coming season we wish all competitors the best of good luck. Even those who fail will agree that the effort has been worth while and some lesson has been learned.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE

No. 1 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.

By kind permission of Dame Rosalind Paget, a course of four lectures on Emergency l\lidwifery will be given on Tuesdays, November 3rd, 10th, 17th and 24th, at 7.30 p.m., at the Midwives' Institute, 57, Lower London, . \V.1. Lecturer, Miss Graham, late Head MIdwife, London Ho pital. Fee, 2 6, payable at first lecture, or to iss De Levante, 46, Iu grove-road, S. E.14. This i the second cour e on thi subject that Lady Supt. [\1 iss De Levante ha arrang-ed. The lectures an opportunity that none need a knowledge of first aid in maternity ca e should I11ISS. The .Iecturer her subject thoroughly, and no other place III London IS so well uited for the purpose, for there are found models. and a pplianc for th e u e of lecturer and students, not avadable elsewher

No.5 DISTRI T, .J.A. B. competition organised by the \Vombwell Nursing Di"ision under the dir ction of Lady Div. upt. Mrs. \V. R.

carried out by F. P. Wilson, Esq., ]. P., the County Commissioner

After an inspection of uniforms, a display of drill, first aid and home nursing was given.

Mr. Wilson congratulated the nurses and cadets on their smart appearance and cfficiency, aske? them to consider the possibility of enemy gas and IncendIary bomb attacks In the future. The Darlington Corporation has asked the Superintendents of both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions to assist them with this important problem. The Nursina- Division ha already sixteen members who hold proving their knowledge of air raid Lady Div. Supt. Turse and. Amb. lster Cbristian will shortly be presented With Service Medals for 15 years' efficient service in the Brigade.

NO.9 DISTRI CT, S.].A.B.

N URSING DI\ ISION ,-The annual inspection of this Division by Lady County Officer :'Iliss Hardie Jackson, took place on Friday evening, September 18th, at

Darlington Nursing and Cadet Divisions at their recent Annual Inspections.

Dickenson, was held at the King's-road, Schools, \Vombwell, on September 19th.

Rotherbam Nursing- Division are to be congratulated. on winning this year, and gaining the" Stewart" Nursll1g Cup, as on the two previous occasions they have been runners-up Leeds Victoria Nursing- Division were awarded second place, and thus are the first to hold the shield presented by Mrs. P M. vValker, of Wombwell Grange.

No.6 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

DARLINGTON NURSING DIVISION - The annual inspection of this Division and of the Nursing Cadet Division was held on September 23rd, at Divisional Headquarters, Northgate, Darlington. Twenty-three members of the Senior Division and twenty-two Cadets were on Parade, under Lady Div. S u pt. N u rse Gardner. The inspection was

the Badming ton Hall. l\liss Hardie ] ack on "'as accompanied by County H. J. Vick, and ,,:·a a lara-e number of enthuslastlc supporters present, Including l\lr. R. Butland, Mrs Demetriadi, Mrs. Vick, l\lr. and 1\1rs. Radbrd,Mr. F. Cooper Pittman, Mr., l\lrs. and l'tlissMothersdale, Miss Samuel, Sister lcKie, l\lr. and the Misses James, and M iss Collihole.

Twenty-one nurses out of a total of twenty-seven on ,the nominal roll were present, under Lady Ambulance Officer M iss Garland, and thirteen girl cadets under Lady Ofl"1cer l\liss Hibbs. Lady Supt. l\liss Whitehead was In charge of the combined detachments, the members of \\'hich presented a very smart appearance when lined up for uniform inspection and hand-seat drill.

Followin cr this, the members of both companies broke b 'd " up into teams and quickly attended to variOUS aCCI ent cases

Before the parade was dismissed, the Lady County

Officer congratulated both nurses and cadets on the result of her uniform inspection, and also on the prompt and efficient manner in which all attended to their re pective cases. It was particularly noticeable that there was no hesitation as to what was required of them.

County Commis ioner H. ]. Vi,k upported these remarks, and said that this was the first Division in the county to take up gas warfare training seriously. hight member had passed the examination for Grade II Instructor's Certificate in Air Raid Precautions, and t\\'o had gained the A. R. P.

It is interesting to note th It this year to date mem bers of the Paignton Nursing Division ha \'e assisted at 93 re:llO\'als by treated 80 case at the Brigade Hut on the Green dunng the summer months; while at the Paignton Hospital 123 attendances have already been made.

0.'0. 10 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.

URSli':G DJ\ lsloN.-Lady Di\ Supt. Mrs. \Varn:n, who was responsible for the formation of the Chelmsford I ursing Division hve years ago, has been honoured by the Venerable Order of the Hospital or St. John of Jerusalem, who have confared upon her the insignia of Sen' ing Sister. This she recei\'ed at the hands of the ubPrior, the Earl of Scarbrough.

The fullowing account of successful hrst aid rendered by a member of this Division shows the importance of e\'ery n:ember of the Brigade, by continual practice, keeping up hiS or her knowledge of artificial respiration.

On June 17th, A.l11bulance Sister Lecke was at l\laldon Essex, when a small boy, apparently lifeless, wa<; taken tron'l the \\:ater. A large crowd stood around and did nothing for the distracted parent who had se\'eral other small children with her. Amb. Sister Leeke immediately took charge. SI1E' asked a man to control the crowd, sent for a doctor, and for some tea for the mother, and performed artificial respiration on the child. She also sent for a blanket and a deck chair to ser\'e as a stretcher . In about twenty-hve minutes the little one commenced to breathe, and was removed to shelter in the recreation ground. The doctor then arrived and ordered his removal to the local hospital, where he for the night and discharged next day. He has now qUite recovered, and the doctor said that if prompt action had not been taken, it would have been too late to savc the boy's life.

Our congratulations to Amb. Sister Leeke on the prompt and efficient manner in which she rendered first aid. No doubt her own satisfaction at haying saved a child's life has c om pensated her for the very strenuous task she had of keeping up artihcial respiration for such a long time.

l'\ORTIIERN

II{ELANO DISTICT, S J.A.B.

. of the \,vest Belfast Nursing Division and their frIends a<;sem bled at the N. S. P. C. C. Rooms, Belfast month a of awards gained by some of their number In competitIOn and examination.

Dr. Strain, who presided, welcomed the visitors and congratulated Lady District Supt. Miss Whitaker on her work in West Belfast. He hoped, he said to see the Division still more successful. Already had won cum petitions against Dublin and Derry, and he trusted that they would continue to gain in efficiency.

Lady District Supt. liss Whitaker presented the cups, bars, medals and certificates. She thanked Mr. Allers for his work in the It. was entirely to him that they owed their success 111 the varIOUS competitions

The certificates awarded included a number for proficiency in air raid precautions.

AID

"\VOUNDED" l\lEN AT TIlE l\lANS IO. Hou E, LONDON.

i\ rea l istic air crash was staged in the Egyptian Ha ll of the ;\lansion House, by 300 V. A. D. 's attached to the British Red Cross ociety, when 1 detachlllents of the City of London branch were entertained by the Lord l ayor, Sir Perc), Vincent, on October 8th.

Thc nurses formed a square around canva creens placed in the middle of the hall, and by humming in unison ga\'e an impression of the noise of an aeroplane engine. There were a erics of explu ions. The screens \'anhed, and reyealed the shattered remains of a Royal Air Force bomber containing- three wounded" 111en. The wounded were bandaged" on the Geld," under the eyes of th:: Lord Mayor, Rnd were then removed on The Sir Francis Lloyd up \\'i't pre ented by the Lord taror to :'liss \Vebb, As i tant ounty Director, and Lady Vincent presented shields and medals to \'ariou detachments and indi\ idual nur e

TIlE IDEAL NURSE.

QURlities which go to make the good nurse were outlined by Dr. Hans Roemer (Germany) at the Fourth European Mental Hygiene Reunion at the of IIealth this month. '

The nurse, he said, must ha\ e ympathy and real understanding of the patient's condition so as to protect him from all irritating sensations During cOlwalescence she must be helpful in htting the u e of strength to suitable tasks and preventing too early a return to work.

"With the chronic it is she who fight boredom and the lapse into inactivity. She maintain hope of reco\'ery and the will thereto, and mu t lead the patient to his own re-education by use 01 power he has, and thus bring him toward ocial rehabilitation."

The maternal woman is particularly well suited to the nursing profession, said Dr. Heinri c h Kog-crer, speaking- on mental hygiene and the nurse, All her patienb appenr to her as her children, and are therefore equally dear and equally important. Although this type of nur!:)c llliL;ht suITer at the loss of her patient by death, she never experiences distress if she loses him by recovery and rcstoration.

In contrast, the infantile type' of woman is clearl) at a disadvantage. Her tendency to follow other, particularl\ males in whom she recognises greater strength, cnuses distress to her when she encounters sick people, in a far higher degree than that experienced by the maternal woman.

THE ROSSALI. S.J.A.B. NURSING CUIP.

We have received a number of letters reg-arding lhis year's camp and from these we hav(" taken the following interesting queries ;-

1. What our Lady Supt.-in-Chief's dogg-ie, "\Vong," thought of the pictures of himself as portrayed by the nurses at Rossall ?

I I. If the lady from No. 1 District caught cold on removing her dentures to givea more realistic interpretation to her role of Ancient Grandl11other?

III. What the lady frol1 o. 3 District said when her daintily shod foot landed in the gravy during practica l ?

IV. If the two from No.5 District who said they enjoyed row i ng, yet could only lanJ their party to the side of the lake when helped by a motor boat, are taking lessons before offering their services again?

V. If the members of Graham's and Nevitt's have yet recovered from the effects of their party on the last night?

VI. If there was ever more than slanding room in the tuck shop after lunch while tea was served there.

Items (Divisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance ister, do The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannonstreet, London. E.C.4.

Advertisers' News.

\VE have received from 2\Ir. IT. E. Prince, L.C P.(Phys.), F.P C (Lond.), P., the principal of the Northern Institute of l\lassage, a copy of the Institute's prospectus, together with a complete course of massage training, including lessons, question papers, and a fi nal exam ination paper imilar to that given to students taking po tal tuition.

There tS no doubt that to-day massage is occupyina th minds of more persons than ever, and after studying the paper sent us, we can fully realise that a lirt aider has an advantage over the non-first aider by the fact that knowledge has already been acquired rcgarding- the skeleton and muscle, which play so important a part in masaae

Thc postal ou r e of the 0l orthern I nsti tu te of 2\Iassagc is omplete in itself, and wc can see no reason why students, after taking such a course and ca rry i n g ou t the specific i nstructio ns given, should not bc full), qual iflcd to add to their income or e\ en etting up in business by entering the profession as a masseuse or rna eu r.

Fees for the COLI rse, which is com pleted in fourteen Ie sons, are inclusive and can be arranged to be paid by instalments.

The lessons deal with anatomy, physiology, remedial exercises, manipulative therapy (massage), and tudents passing the final examination are presanted with a diploma issued by the Institute.

Full particulars and a copy of the prospectus can be obtained frec of charge on aprlication to the Northern Institute of l\Iassage, 6, John Daltonstreet, 2.

A I D. 99

taking of the wrong cap, especially at functions where there may be dozens of caps of a similar n ature .

THINGS SEEN

At a recent inspection we witnessed a.n unusual and, we hope, an isolated, occcurence. The Inspecting Officer dismissed the enior Officer 011 parade for some breach of regulations Tr'ha! an example to the rank and hIe!

At a march past, following another inspection, we saw one Company Commander who took no notice of the Inspecting Officer who was taking the salute, and his company marched past with front "-surely instructions were given a to where the Inspecting was taking the salute?

At an accident wbich happened recently in Corby, Lincolnshire, a stretcher was by the lise of a slep ladder.

A N D HEA R D.

Owing to the Coronation and the St. John Ambulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations next ;\lar, the Brigade " Dewar" and" Perrott" Shield competitions ha, e been brought forward t\\·o months and will be held on April 9th, 1937.

On October 1st Capt. \\'. Goodley, ;\1. c., took over the ambulance secretaryship of the Midland and Great Korthern Joint Railway Ambulance Centre. Captain Goodley as is well known is Commissioner of No.1 (Prince of \\'ales's) District, S.J.A.B., and Centre Secretary of the Great Central and the Great Eastern E. R.) Ambulance Centres.

That a record .sum of .£3,901 was realised by the ;\0. (Prince of \Vales's) District, S.J.A.B., annual flag day held in London, on July 26th last.

"Many Happy Returns. "

THIS appropriate title is of a new and unusua.l pamphlet published by the National "Safety First ,- Association, a copy of which will be presented to each of the two and a haH million motor drivers in Great Britain, when they renew their dri\'ing licence during the next twelve montbs. The pamphlet is written in ligbt , ein and bas been prepared by Fougasse and IcCullough, a humorous partnership which achieved fame a year ago with" You Have Been \-Varned."

The Portman Pri n ti ng Service, of 80, Georgestreet, Portman-square, London, \ V. I, have sent us specimens of va r ious printings carried out fo r many ambulance d ivisions which we can recommend to our readers. Space wi l l not permit giving full details of these, but one is well worth mentioning. I t is a ca r d to be affixed to the uniform cap, on which can be written the name, rank and division of the owner. Readers can readi ly visua l ise how this card will obv iate the

Taking- only a few minutes to read. the pamphlet i enlivened by three dozen Fougasse sketches, done in that characteristic style with which Punch and the poster hoardings h ave familiarised the public The letterpress is brief and pithy. There is no attempt to make a joke of a serious subject, but the advice is given in far from grandmotherly style.

If any motorists do not want to ,\'ait until they recei\'e a free copy with their renewed driving licence, copies can be purchased at a cost of sixpence each from the National "Safety First" Association (T nc.), Terminal House, 52, Grosvenor-gardens, London, S. \V.1.

Asphyxia-or Suffocation.

ALTHOU GH there is a difference between and asphyxia, most textbooks pay little attention to it, treating the subject in a g-eneral way. Asphyxia is a general term, and means the condition that supervenes on the interruption of the respiration, and includes death from hanging, strangulation, choking, etc. Suffocation, from a medical point of view, is the condition in which air is prevented from penetratin g the lungs by some mechanical cause operating externall y on the nose, mouth, throat and chest walls, or internally on the wind pipe, air passa g e and lun g s.

The subject may be divided into two headings -Sudden Suffocation and Slow Suffocation.

S DD EN S UF FO CATIO

The signs of sudden suffocation are those found in cases of han g ing, chokin g , strangulation, etc. The face is swollen and con g ested; the eyes are staring, the pupils being dilated; the tongue becomes swollen and perhaps protrudes; and the lips may be swollen, while blood or bloody froth ma y issue from mouth or nose. In hanging there ma y also be a constriction round the throat which causes pressure on the great veins in the neck, wh ilst in choking there will be either pressure on the blood vessels on the inside by the substance that is im pacted or violent inspiratory efforts which cause intense venous con g estion. The bluish colour of the face is caused by this pressure.

SLOW S UFFOC

ATION.

In this kind of asph y xia there will be found no pressure on the venous vessels, the symptoms being produced by the deprivation of oxygen in the blood, causing increasing drowsiness. Death is caused partly because the oxygen which the blood requires to keep the heart and the great nerve centres going becomes gradually diminished, and partly because the carbonic acid gas cannot be got rid of out of the s y stem. Consequently the venous blood cannot be properly purified, or oxygenated. The effects of this vicious process on the brain is that insensibility ensues ; and in time the nerve centre controlling respiration becomes increasingly paralysed until cessation of respiration results. In like manner the heart centre and the heart becomes paralysed; and, when completed so, death takes place.

Briefly, the difference under the two headings is that one is brought about quickly owing to pressure on the veins as well as the diminished supply of ox y gen caused by the same pressure;

and the other is brought about more slowly owing to the blood becoming impregnated with carbonic acid gas and to want of oxygen.

TREATiUE J T OF S UFFO CATIO T

The treatment is practically the same for both varieties. In all cases, ho\vever, the first thing to do is to remove the cause in each particular case. !n choking, the foreign bod y must be dislodged; In hanging, the constriction must be removed; and so on.

Next, artificial respiration must be started at the earl iest momen t, and must be followed by the loosening of all tight clothing about the neck, chest and waist to ensure that there is no restriction on the parts covered. If hcemorrhage is present, this must have attention and medical help obtained at the earliest possible mom e nt.

Shock is treated b y wra(:ping the patien tin blankets and b y applyin g hot bricks or hot water bottles to his upper and low extremities and body. On recovery of consciousness, the patien t should be given hot stimulants (tea, coffee, meat extracts, etc. ) in sips, care being taken first to test hi s ability to swallow. \.\Thile all attempts at physical exercise, such as walking, are best avoided until sanctioned by the doctor.

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Police Ambulance News.

BRl G IITON.

Th e s ec ond a nnual indi v idual co mp e tItIOn fo r th e " i\lar g-a r e t Hard y " c up w as h e ld on O c tob e r 7th, Dr C. E . Whit r her jud g in g th e pr ac ti cal t es t a nd Dr. R. Sydn ey H a rper th e oral.

Ei g h t m e m be r s c omp ete d, th e r es ult being 1 s t P. Virgo , 1 3 4 m a rk s out o f a p os ible 140 ; 2nd, P C. M c L ean ( las t yea r 's winn e r ), 125 ; 3 rd, P. C. Smith 11 8

Ald e rm a n M is Ma r ga r e t H a rd y, M B E., ] P. , d o nor o f th e tr o rh y, pr ese nt e d th e c up t o P. C. Vir go a nd co ng r at ul a ed him o n hi s s u ccess.

B o th o f th e d octo r s pr a i e d th e w o rk d o n e, whi c h w as \ e r y goo d.

A m o n g th ose pr ese nt 'w e r e th e Chi e f Co n s t a bl e (C a pt.

W ]. IIut c h in so n ) a nd :'.lrs IIut c hin o n, Mrs H a rp e r, upt. G. E C r o u ch, in s pec t o r G A ea ves , a nd S e r gea n t C hi n a il, wh o w as r e ro n i b le fo r th e a rr a n ge m e n ts

lTV O F LOND P EC J AL C ON T AB CL A RY.

)n W e dn es d ay, S p te mb e r 16t h t h e winn e r o f th e se ri es of te..,ts he ld dur n g t h u mm e r m o n t h s w as

a n no u nced by Ca r t. .-\ \\ h ite h.n o x ( hi ef :\1. 0. ) e r g t.

\ G. hur c hill A Di \' i io n , w as fir t, fo ll o w e d b y Su bCom m a nd e r 1. i\l ill E' r Tll ese t e t s t oo k t h e form o f 5 m i nutes lIh'n-7.'o r e exami n at i o n s, a nJ a l toget h e r seve n s u c h te t w e r e g-i \ n It w a d ecided to h o ld a f ur t h e r se ri es o f tests duri ng t he aut u mn. On \\ 'ednesday, c tobe r 7, :'II r. F . E 'o rr in g h a m , F (o f ;\l e ' r R l ckitt a nd on, Lt d .), gave a "e r y interes t ing e ctu r e on " Ge r ms a nd Ant isert ics." H e LOok hi s au di en ce throug h the age an d d escr ib ed t h e au\antages and d i advantage of ce rt a in a n t isep ti cs. tl ues io n s WE' r e pu t to h im to whi c h e nl ig ht e nin g a n , \\"e r s w e r e gi\ e n

INVALUABLE TO =AIDERS

In spite of its name" The Family Physician" is a book which will be found invaluable by all connected with First Aid or Ambulance work.

The Editor, Douglas Hay Scott, M.B., Ch.B., is a lecturer in First-Aid, Hygiene, Home Nursing, Anatomy and ad\-anced Ph y siology at Morley College, Lo ldon, and Fi rst-Aid Com mandan t, Surrey Cadet Brigade. Formerly he was County Director, British Red Cross Society, City of Dundee, and Lecturer and E x aminer in First Aid and Home Nursing, St. Andrews Ambulance Association. He has taken great care in compiling this work and has been assisted by other w ellknown medical men to ensure that the information given is absolutely authoritative.

SOME OF THE SUBJECTS.

First Aid - Home Nursing-H y giene-Drugs -The Giving of Medicines - Electricity and :\ledicine - Anatomy and Ph y siolo gy- Ph y sical Culture . -General Diseases - Infectious Diseases-Diseases of the Heart , Blo od, Digestive S y stem, Urinary System, Respiratory S y stem, Eye and Ear, Skin, Nervous System, Ductless Glands - Vitamin-Defi ciency Diseas es - Diseases due to Impaired ;\letabolism - Dis e ases of the Bone - Diseases of the Joints, etc. , etc.

FIRST AID.

D u rin g th w ee k e nd ed c to be r 9t h, th e se r vices o f th e G lasgo w . t. A ndr e w 's Am b ul a r cc Associat o ns \V aggo n s we r e r e qui s it io n ed 3 4 2 times ; 1 7 5 fo r acc id e n ts a nd 1 6 7 for illn esses r eq uirin g h os pit a l r e m ova l.

A ll ca ndid a es who t oo k A. R. P. e xa min a ti o ns in conn ec tion with th e R oss in g-t on Ambulan ce and Nursin g Di vis io n s, S.].A. B., cl a sses , w e r e s u ccess ful. Dr ] Hart, o f A rmthorp e, w as h e examin e r a nd upt. F. G. Glo s op t he in st ru c t or.

EDITOR'S NOTE. - Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the continuation of Major Norman Hammer's article on "Notes on the Nursing of War Gas Cases" has been held over until next month.

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Interested." Publlsbio, Office: 46. C.QOOD Street, S.C

The section on First Aid constitutes a complete manual of "First Aid " work. The chapters on " Fractures," "Dislocations and Sprains," and " Bandaging and Slings," have been written by one of the foremost medical authorities on the subject, and are profusely illustrated with X-Ra y and other photographs and diagrams.

AN OPINION.

Mr. A. Squires, Melton Street, Nottingham, writes :-

" 'Th e Family Ph ys ic ia n' is a w o rk ne e ded in Ambua nce Di v isions. I fi nd none to compare with it, a nd I have re co mm e nd e d y our book to all our men int e r e ste d in FirstAid work. I ca nno t obtain anyth n g lik e it for the price c harg e d. "

SEND FOR PARTICULARS.

To The Caxton Publishing Co. Ltd., 46 Clun House, Surrey Street, London, W.C.2 Please send me, free of charge, full parti c ulars of "The Family Physician."

Name end this form in unsealed e n velope (t d. stamp) or a postcard.

Address V.i

Three teams competed for the annual ambulance competition of the Durham Count) Bran c h of the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, which was held at Gateshead. Dr. Steedman, of Blythe, was the judge, Ferryhill and District suppl.ying the winning team,

THE diagnosis and treatment of a fractured wrist (Collis Fracture) was recently dealt with by Dr G. R. H. \ Vrangham in the " \ Vestern Area Gazette," as follows :-

One of the commonest fractures that we, as first aiders, have to deal with, is that of the wrist, known as Collis's Fracture . This is a fracture of one of the bones at the wrist (the radius). The cause of the fracture is nearly always the same, fall ing on the outstretched hand and arm. The force of the impact is transmitted from the palm of the hand through the large lower end of the radius up the arm, to the body.

It may be noticed in passing, that the two bones of the arm are similar but reverse. The ulna is larger above than below, while the radius is larger below than above. The upper end of the ulna forms part of the elbow joint, but the lower end takes no part in the wrist joi n t. This latter joint is com posed of the bones of the hand articulating with the lower end of the radius.

It will be seen, therefore, that the radius is the bone to break when too much force is applied to the outstretched hand. The break is nearly always one inch to one and half inches from the joint. The upper fragment is forced into the lower fragment forming a typical example of an impacted fracture. The deformity caused is known as a dinnerfork deformity, on account of the side view being the same as that of a fork. The lower fragment is forced upwards and backwards. The upper displacement is seen if the two pointed lower ends of the bones are compared (these points are known as Styloid processes).

Put out both arms of the patient with the palms facing each other. Then with your thumb above and your middle finger below, feel the pointed ends of the bones. On [he normal side the Styloid process of the Radius will be lower than that of the Ulna. On the fractured side the two will be level

If a fractured wrist is left without being set the great disability is the patient's inability to grip things tightly. Try for yourself how hard it is to grip things with the wrist bent backwards, as is the case with a Collis's fracture. I n order to grip firmly the wrist must be straight or bent slightly forward.

Tht. surgical treatment of a Collis's fracture is first of all disimpactation of the two fragments . This must be done under anesthesia. Then the lower end must be pulled downwards and outward towards the little finger. This will restore the normal lie of the bone. Two splints must be applied, one below and second above, or a Plaster of Paris bandage, to keep the two pieces in place. I mmediately the patient recovers from the anes-

thetic he is made to move h is fingers. The splints should be taken off each day and a l ight massage applied to the forearm, wrist and hand After thc fourth day the patient is encouraged to move his wrist while the sp l int has been removed for the massage At the nd of two weeks the wrist is capable of being used for l ight jobs, and the splint may be left off after three weeks.

Recovery is slowe r in older people than in younger, and the after effects are greater. The worst of these is Arthritis in the joint This is most fel [ when the weather is cold or wet

There are many ways of treatin a a Collis's fracture, but this method has been found to give good resu Its.

This article has dealt with the surgical aspect of a fractured wrist, and is intended purely for the interest of first aiders and not for first aid treatmen t.

The Hospitallers' Clu b.

AT the fir t meeting of the 1936 37 session, ommander R. 1\1. Tabuteau, Go\ ernor of H. r. Prison, PentOlwille, g-a\·e an intere ting- addre on I' Pri on from wi hin." The _peaker drew ;l vi\·id picture of the prison, its surroundings and its inmates, giving hricf descriptions of the way in which pri oner are taug-ht to be a credit and not a failure, to the community. He abo spoke of the excellent \Vork done by prison \·i itor, profe or , instructors, etc., \\'ho gi, e their time voluntarily to a "istth prisoners in g-aining knowledge. Among- such in truction was that on first aid, the instructors including member of the Club. Commander Tabuteau also spoke of the ROjal Discharge Prisoners Aid Society and the good work carried on by the Committee and friends, and appealed to members to assist in that work.

McBride endorsed the speaker's remarks, a did 1r Wells who, tog-ether with Mr. 1cBride, is among the first aid instructors.

/\. formal \ ote of thanks proposed by the ecretary and seconded by Mr. Milburn, was carried with acClaJll;llion. A collection for the R. D. P.A.S. resulted in the cxcc.!c:nt sum of £3 5s. 6d., which was gratefully acknowledged by the Governor.

At the business meeting which followed, the President, Burman, who presided, called upon the members to stand in memory of the late 1r. Atkins. Mr. Wells, the Secretary, gave particulars of forthcoming events.

Welcome was extended to Mr. Florey of Rhodesia, who was on a visit to England,

Congratulations were extended to Mr. H. Langley Jones, a former member of the Club, on his promotion as Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John.

AUS ;'f IN FOR AMBULANCES

W here I nvestmen t Value is most important of all

The private motorist has gi ven the lead. Now Hospitals, Town Councils and Public Authorities are investing too. The reasons are clear. If depenchbili[y in running, road stability, economy of nlaintenance and all the other Austin traditions are of value in a car, b071) l//li l'/) II/ore so are they in an Ambulance?

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A USTIN

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Qu eries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4·

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue at the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this colurr.n is t he 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

O PERATI \ 'E TR EATl\lENT OF CHOKING.

F. (Gospo rt) .- lf I had to r e nder first aid in a case of Choking and it was impos sib le to r emove th e cause an d , if medical ass istan ce was n ot immediately available, would I be sufficiently qualified to perform the operation for t r achcctomy ?

Your problem sets out a critica l emergency for which t here is apparently only one solution an d it is one which 1 ha\-e had to face twice only in my lif e. So 1 h ope that you will never ha ve this experience. Of co ur se, everything dep e nds on your co nfidence in yo ur own powers of diagnosi s and yo ur own skill in actio n: but yo u must remember that, for a n untrain e d person, opening a patient's larynx is not s u ch an easy and simple pr ocess as yo ur imagination pict.ures. On the cont rar y, you must know just \vhen and just where the incision should be made.

Some textbooks i n the early d ays of the A mbulan ce 10 veme n d escr i bed for such eme r gences a method of openi ng the larynx by a sm'3. 11 transverse s lit in the h 01l0w which is situated in t he middle line imme diately below " Adam's Apple" and of keeping the ope nin g patent with the bent e nd s of a co uple of hairpins

This in str u ction ne7.'er found a place in our Te xtbo ok, clearly because it was felt that it would tend to favour Meddlesome First Aid, which in ci dentall y might give rise to some cautic commen t s in the Coroner's Court. Furth e r, it is a truism that s u ch actio n, which in the very exceptional circ umstance s might be safe a nd justifiable in the hand s of a few experienced fi r st aiders, would be d ec id e dl y unsafe and most unjustifi ab le in those of the vast majority of persons for whose ben efit the T extbook was written. So there, as in the June 1925 a nd the Decem ber 1932 is s u es of FIRST AID, I must perforce lea\ e yo ur problem. In sho rt, howeve r, would you dare risk it ?-N. CORBET FLE TCHER

H OWLER.

D .S (East London).-In a recent exami n at ion the surgeonexaminer asked a can didate to describe the structure of the heart, a nd received this answer :-" Th e Iz ear! z's a comical bag, divided in to Jour sma ller bags by a Jislzy petition." I do not know how far this answer affected the result, but sho uld a dd that t hi s ca ndidate was among t h ose who also ran, although n ot with success.

Good! Next, please! !-N C.F.

COMPOUND FHACTURE OF CLA\' JCLE

D.J. (Ccernarvon),-As 1 read your answe r to the query pub-

lished und er above title in the August issue of FIRST \ID , I wondered ho,v you would compress the subclavian artery if the fracture were compl icated by injury to this vessel. As I do not know how this can be don(', I shall appreciate your kind help.

Everything d e pends on the position of the fractured ends. If, as is usually the case, the e are felt to overlap, the ou ter fragment being the lower (Textbook, p.66), then you can compress the subclavian artery in the o rdin a ry w ay Of course, you would prote ct the wound from in fec ti o n with some antiseptic dressing-e.g., boracic lint. - N. C. F.

FROi\! PAUl OF UA ND

"V.T (Port Dinorwi c).-( l ) Will you kindly exp lai n to us to what injury does the T extbook refer \\-hen at the botlom of page 106 and top of page 107 it r ea d : " Pressure lIlay bt! applied to Radt'al a1/d CInar arlt!J t'es by cutting a cork and Sl'Cllrt'lIg by a ll glit /J(l1ltiagt', etc." ? seeing that the n ext paragraph goes on: ., To a rre t hX11l0rrh age from palm of h an d etc." There a re no il1stru ct ion s as to u se of s u c h a tourniquet.

(2) In a recent competition, the paticnt w as s upp ose d to be s ufferi n g from a wound with arteria l b lee din g in palm of hand. 'ollle teams placed a tourniquet of cut cork on R adia l amf 'Ina r arteries whil e othe rs placed the tourniquet on the Brachial a rtery "Vhi c h treatment was correct? Rule 5, P age 9-+, tells us to apply comp r ession on the pressure point next to the wound on the heart s id e . In thi case would n ot the R a dial a nd Ulnar arter ies be co rre ct for tourniquet, though this is going lo m ake it dimcult to lie the bandage" over knuckles and wri t, pa s the tWll en d s round the wrist, etc."?

Y our valuable reply will be greatly esteemed and appreciate d .

(1) Clearly the in str u ct ions quoted by yO U refer to those cases in which there is a wound ot the palm accompanied by b ccmo rrha ge from the P a lm ar Arches and in which for onc reason or another direct pre _ Ul e i contraindicate d

(2) 1£ in the c ir c um stances named by you the tourniquet is to be left in position for a time, then it must be applied to the pressure points of the Radial and Ulnar arterie If, however, the compression is to be a temporary mea ure on l) while the wound of the palm is being examined and treated, then it is ofte n mor e co n venient to apply di gita l pressure to the Bra chia artery. Such action allows g r eat r freedom duri n g the examination and treatment of the \\"ou nded pa r t and so facilitates r apid y in the handling- of the case and remo va l to medi ca l ai d .-N C.F

'NO UND OF ABDOMINAL \VALL.

E. S. (Enfield).-In the treatment of a wound in the fronl wall of th e abdomen, with prot u s ion of bowel, the Textbook (p.124) tells u s to place hot ""ater bottles to both sides of the patie nt' s body. W e take it that t his is done to counter the effects of shock. it has been suggeste d, how eve r, that the hot water bottles would in c rease the h ;:e morrha ge , which it is ass um e d would be of a serious nature with such an injur). Your ruling on this point will b e much appreciated.

The proper use of hot water bottles in th e circulllstances named would not, in my opinion, incur any risk of increased h cemo rrhage; and the treatment of Sho c k is a most vital d e tail in the handling of the patient and hi s (or her) injury. -

N.C.F.

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USES OF COLLODION.

J. r. (Camden Town). -I read with tbe query published in the Aug-u t is ue FIRST All) and your repl), thereto.

Apart from the fact, ho\\' "er, that the use of collodion i outside the scope Qf first aid, is it not true that the u e of thi - preparation is dangerou except in the hands of a medical man, seeing (1) that bacteria as the bacilli tetanu and we chia multiply rapidly Without air, and (2) that as collL1dlon seals the wound [t forms an ideal breeding ground for these germs?

It is true.-N.C.F.

CO.\lPRESSIOl\ OF FE:lIORAL .-\RTERY.

P.S. New Zealand).-Your reply to the query published under the above title in the Jul" issue of FIRST AID was 1110st interesting and Please tell me w hen you would expect first aider to attempt compressIOn of the FE'moral Artery.

The Textbook gives no intructions with reference to compression of the Femoral Artery; and neither do I !_ N.C.F.

TREAnlE1\'T OF STINGS.

].r\. (Bournel:nouth). - I was interested in the query which :vas published under the above title in the September Issue of FIRST AID. Your readers will probably like to know that we of the South bourne Nursing Division, S.] .A. B., on duty at the Boscombe Beach Hut get any amount of these. cases. They are caused by the wee\' er fish, are very pa1l1ful, and occasion great distress. vVe have found that the most effe c ti\'1! treatment is a bicarbonate of soda bath as hot as can be borne is usually obtained in about twenty to thirt;' mlOutes.

Your letter is much appreciated because it relates the results of practical experience. - Forgive me if I point out that a "as hot as can be borne" is not good treatment because It may cause further injury to the skin whereas a bath" as hot as can be borne comfortably" will give the all the relief which you desire. Probably, however, thiS IS what you do in actual practice.

As a matter of interest to readers of FIST AID, I may add that the members of the Nursing Divisions of the Bournemouth Corps, S.J:A. B., have ill the past ten years treated 19,927 cases dunng the summer months at their Beach Huts in Bournemouth, Boscombe and Durley Chme. - C F.

ETIlICS OF FIRST AlD.

D.:i'1. ( Teath Abbey).-Having taken up first aid for the past few years, I telt puzzled when being present at an accident where another ambulance man stated that the patient had received a Pott's Fracture. Having endeavoured to be thoroughly efficient as far as the Black Book is concerned, I wondered if the ambulance man I-:ad not exceeded his authority, with perhaps the in tentwn of showing some superiority over others who confine themselves strictIy to the Textbook.

Also, if the am bulance man was in order, I should hke to know where we are to decide between the duties of a first aider and the medical man

I appreciate your views on the matter, and at the same time thank you for past guidance

If the facts be as you stale, then let us forg ive him! He \Va only w:l.nk in g!! - C. F.

HUMOl1R IN l\l[).

\V. P. {r?rOnlO, Canada). - A short time ag-o a lad, who was VI Illng the Exhibition here, called at the .\mbu lance tation to see one of our members in the Toronto Corps, S.]. A. B. Overscas. The latter had recently been fir t a!der al a Boy Camp and had given little U{lks on first ald. The lad reported that, after our man had returned home, one of the boy had been bitten hy a snake; and he was promptly asked if he bad r ndcred fir aid. He answered that he had; apd, when a"ked again if he had placed a constriction round the (lrfccted limb he answered-" ure! I placed a cOlls/rieliOll as Ilea,: the !t eart aJ' possible-n/rlzt round lzt's cltt's! .' !

Good! Next, ple(lse ! ! C. F.

-\PPLICATIO OF TllO:llAS PLINT.

F. S. (Hoxton). - I n watching a demOnSlfntion of the applicattOn of the Thomas splint I noticed that the limb ",as ele\'ated and ti d to a suspension bar. The demonstration wa for a fracture of the Femur. Please will you tell me why the limb is elevated in the Thl)mas Splint and nol in the ordinary treatment as set out on p.p. 73:7-+ the Textbook. Your kind explanation of thiS POll1t wtll be appreciated.

If the limb be not elevated, ho\\' can it he slipped the flng of the Thomas Splin l? N. C. F.

TREATi\lENT OF PorSOl\ING.

G. C. (St. Pancras).-In the treatmenl of Poisoning- reulting from the bile o f a venomous snake or from ' an O\'erdose of morphia administered by hypodermic would the administraLion of an emetic be of any senice:) Can the emetic have an)' eO'ect when the poison is already circulating in the patient's ySlem or does it me r ely act on the gastric juices of the tomach? Your kind help will be appreciated.

T?e emetic is g-i\ en solely a a measure for evacuating the pOlson from the stomach. COil equently it would have no effect in the cases named by you. - N.C.F.

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

EDITORIAL :-

5.J. (\ B Oversea

St. J oh n \mbulan ce.-\ ociation

Christma Greeting ard Extracts from the l\lanual of Instruction for the Royal Naval ck Berth taff

S. ]. A. B. H eadquarters an d District Reports

Port of Bristol :\uthorit)'

Notes on the Nursing of \V a r Gas ases ...

Police Ambulance N e ws

Coming Eve n ts Railway Ambulance e \\" St. J ohn R.N.S.B R.

The H osp italler s' Club

The First C h apte r of the ,. Bl ack Book."

Massage as a Pr o fe ssio n Our ur ses' Pa ges

Col li e r y, mbulan ce New s

QUERIES AN D ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS ;_

Poisoning by Calcium Carbide

EDITORIAL.

INCREASE In the number of S.J.A.B. Divisions and personnel is conOVERSEAS. tained in the Annual Report of the Chief Commissioner, St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

There are now 565 divisions, 386 am bulance and 179 nursing, an increase of 25 since the last report. During the year, 50 new divisions were formed but disbandments, merging and adjustments accounted for 25 divisions being lost. In one instance, eleven divisions were merged into one, and four others formed to make one unit. Tbe actual loss therefore, was but 10 divisions.

A net increase in personnel of 437 is reported, the total now being 11,604 men and 3,900 nurses. The Cadet Branch of Brigade Overseas also shows good progress. Twenty-one new divisions were registered and the personnel increased by 114. The strength is now 1,608 am bulance and 1,376 nursing, a total of 2,984.

Many instances of excellent work done by Brigade mem bers at major catastrophies are given, including the Quetta earthquake on May 31st, 1935, when over 12,000 dressings were dealt with and 1,400 cases evacuated.

Awards presented during the year include 162 Service Medals and 106 Service l\ledal Bars. Other awards include 12 Grand Prior's Cadet Badges, 586 adult efficiency and 984 cadet efficiency awards in addition 101 proficiency bad ges were presented to cadets.

Reports from the Dominions are incorporated in the Report and make very interesting reading. Thus from Australia we learn that all senior officers in New South Wales have recei ved instruction in anti-gas measures. In l\1alta the same subject has also received attention, surgeons attending a special course on "Medical Aspects of Chemical \.\1 arfare."

From all parts the tone of optimism is present; the work of the Order being carried on i n the spirit which we at home know so well.

St. John Ambulance Association EXMOUTH.

To inaugurate the ne,,, amb ulance service at E xmouth a church parade of Brigade members was held 111 Holy Trinity Church, Exmouth, when o\'er 100 members from lo cal and surrounding- di"isions were on parade under the command of Counly Surgeon T. 11. Preece. Also on parade were representatives of local organisations.

The Rev. T G. Shelmerdine (Vicar of Littleham-cumExmouth) gave an inspiring address.

Following the service, the parade were the guests at tea of Sir Garbutt Knott, Bart. (President of the Centre).

The annual meeting of the Centre was held on vVednesday, October 7th, when it was announced that Sir Garbutt Knott, Bart., had given a handsome for annual petition among teams of Brigade 111 Devon. ?Ir Garbutt intimated that he would g Iv e a replIca to the W111ning team each year.

Mr. Harry A. La"" (chairman) presided the The secretary(Mr. W. J. Perriam) submitted hiS report, stating that marked progress had been made 1I1 every department. Additions had been made to ,the garage buildings and in January last the Exmouth "C. D. C. had asked the Associatiell1 to take over the ambulance work of the district. This had been agreed to and the service came into operation on October 1st. The Counc.il had handed o\ er their ambulance and a permanent driver had been engaged. The Centre's own ambulance had carried 61 patients and travelled 1561 miles dur ing the year.

The Town Briga de Division, under Supt. H. S outhwell had increased its numbers, whilst the Police and Fire Division, und e r Inspector R. Holmes, had become a live force.

During the year 137 cases r ece iv e d attention and, in addition, 104 on the beach.

The continuous and generous support of the Centre's President had been officially recognised and, in May last, he was invested with the insig-nia of Commander of the Order of St. John. Amb Officer J. Matthew s was at the same time invested as Serving Brother of the Order.

The financial report was presen te d by Mr. A. L. E. Berlyn (treasurer).

Sir Garbutt Knott handed to County CommlsslOner H. J. Vick the new trophy, which Mr. Vick g-ratefully acknowledged.

Before the m eeti ng closed Mr. Vi ck addressed those present on the work of A. R. P. DAGENHAM.

A grand variety concert was Leld on Sunday, October 18th at the Gaumont Palace, Chadwell Heath. in aid of and a grand concert it was in every sense-support, artistes, arrangements, etc.

In the unavoidable absence of Capt. W. Goodley, M.C., Commissioner, Mr. E. Howard, Supt. Dagenham Division, presided at the opening ceremony, supported by Mrs. Howard (Centre Secretary) and others. He put forward the aims and objects of the Association and Brigade, giving particulars of the work done in both branches. Mr. Howard tendered

thanks to the directors of lhe Gaul110nl Palace for placing the building at lhe Ccntre's disposal, to 1\lr. T. II. Holl!day, the manager, for arranging th e programme, to the artistes, and to all present for their upport.

1\1r. Holliday said he was always pleased to assist such a worthy cau e, and was of the opinion that credit was due to 1\1r. Bartlett (tr eas urer) fflr the imm e n se amount of work he had done to make the eyent so successful.

vVithout mor e ado the concert tart d, with Rupert Hazel as comoere. Ian)' stage and B. B. C. tars perfomed to the appreciation of the audicnce, which number d some 1,700 persons.

Among those present wer e Mrs. Goodley, Dl s tn ct s.tafT officers and Brig-ade members from numerous surroundll1£; divisi o ns.

Turses from Fairl op Nursing- Di\'ision and Illell frolll Dagcnham Divi ion acted as attendants.

HULL.

Dr. K. H. Beyerley. who judged thc team (est of the "Carvcr" Cup competition, ga\'c S(1mC valunblc nd\'ice to competitors. IIe drew attcntion to thc fact that were not placed on the stretcher the corrcct way and team.;; did not realise that it was nece sar)' to ha,"c fl)ur folds of bl anket beneath the patient and t\\'o on top. Ir c followl'd this up with a d emonstration as in tructions on pages 210 and 211 of the T exlbook.

Lack of prompt covering of wounds to pI' ,ent contamination ; incorrect handlin g of a compound cOl1lminu(cd fracture by failing to takc a "nrm grip" above. and bela.,\ the fracture; failure to introduce a back pllnt to n\'old mO"ing the leg (he s ugge st d thnt point of the splint should be introduced under the knee 10mt and then gent Iy moved sideways under leg and foot); lack of understanding as to nature of Greenstick fracture that it io., bt III and reguires at ext r emities of bone on side and in centre on other side; failure to r cali e tha a bundle ,)f newspap e rs make a good of a b l;:nket to la)' patient d own o n, were other hlnl.s g-Iyen by the Judg-e Illuch to the appreciation of th e competitors.

Ch r istm as Greet i ng Car d s.

FOR members of the Order of St. ] ohl1, the .'tores Department at St. John' s Gatc have in to k 0>11e excellent Christmas cards.

Two are" Order" cards, being reproductions of two of the twenty-two pictures hanging on the ''''alls of t. John's Gate. They show nav a l activities of the productions are in colour and arc works of arl 111 exg ul s lt e dcsign. Prices are 6/ 6 per d ozen,. post free; a nd addresses can be printed on a speC ial flap at nomll1al price. They may be purchased members the and the Brigade undel regulatIOns goverl1l11g the weanng- of the Order's tie.

For the Brigade proper there is an excellenl " Regimental" card. The front is a cluster of draped flags, in colour, symbolising- the origin and of the ment, together with the Badge of the Brigade. InSIde IS slotted to take two sizes of photographs , so that units may insert pictures of local interest. There is available a splendid photograph of St. John'S Gate which can be purchascd with the cards.

Prices are 3d. each, or 2/ 6 per dozen, without the photograph or 4d. each and 3 6 per dozen with the photograph all post free. Name and address can be added at a nominal charge.

Early application to the Stores Dept. SL John's Gate London, E C.1, is recommendec;l.

Naval Sick Berth Staff.

*

Extracts trom the Man ual of Instruction FOR THE Royal

(Con!L'71ued /rom page 84.)

(6) TIJE EXCRETORY SYSTK\1.

Excreholl is the separation of the waste matters from the blood and their removal from the body.

A process of slow com bustion is constantly taking place in the body, and impurities and waste matters are bei ng formed. These i m puri lies are water, carbon di-oxide and urea.

The O,:!?,alls 0/ Excrehon are the lungs, the skin and the urinary oraans.

The Lu ngs excrete carbon di-oxide and water, and are described under Respiration.

The kin consists of two layers, the Epidermis or cuticle, and the Dermis or true skin.

The l!-Jn'dermz's consists of several layers of cell, the surface ones being fiat, hardy and scaly. These outer cells are being constantly rubbed off, and the cell beneath them become hard and scaly to take thei r place. I t is thickest on those parts exposed to pressu re, such as the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. The surface is perforated by small holes known as pores, which are the open i ngs of the sweat glands.

The Epiderm is con tai ns no blood vessels or nerves, and is used to protect the sensitive Dermis under it.

Thc Dermis is touah and elastic, and consists of two layers. The outer layer, lying directly under the Epidermis, has minute eminences called Pap -dIce, which are very sensitive, and form the organs of touch. Each papi Iia con tai ns a nerve ending. The inner layer of the Dermis consists chiefl)' of fi brous tissue and fat.

The Dermis is connected to the underlying parts, such as muscle or bone, by a layer of connective tissue called the Subcutaneous t-t'ssue.

lIIucous Memb7;ane is the tissue lining the respiratory tract and the alimentary canal, and is continuous with the skin at the lips, nostrils, and anus. It is composed of epithelial cells and secretes lVlucu,s

*Reprinted by perl111SSl0n of the Controller of 11.1\1. Stationery OJ1ice. Copies of the manual can be had of H. M. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, or any branch, price 4/5d. post free.

ApPENDAGES OF THE SKIN.

The Skin contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails.

The Sweat, or Sudoriferous glands, excrete the sweat. They are minute coiled-up tubes, with an opening on the surface of the skin.

The Sebaceous glands, or fat glands, are found in most parts of the skin, they are especially abundant in the scalp and face, but absent in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. They secrete an oily substance, which lubricates the skin and the hair.

Haz'r is found on almost all parts of the skin. Each hair consists of a root and a stem, the root being the growing part of the hair. The base of the hair is embedded in a follicle.

The Naz'ls are modified epiderm is.

The Functzons of the Skin are :-

(1) To act as a protective covering for the body, keeping the underlying parts from injury, and bacteria from entering the body.

(2) To contain the organs of touch.

(3) To excrete waste products by the sweat glands. Perspiration is continually going on, but is not visible except when excessive, as the moisture evaporates from the surface of the body as soon as it is excreted. Sweat contains water, and a small amount of carbon dioxide and urea.

(4) To regulate the body temperature. The evaporation of the sweat cools the body and so keeps the temperature constant. Excessive or visible sweating is called Diaphoresis, and is caused by heat, exercise, fever and certain drugs called diaphoretics.

THE URINARY ORGANS.

The Urina7Y Organs consist of the kidneys, ureters, b ladder and urethra.

The Kidneys, two in number, are situated at the back of the abdomen, one on either side of the vertebral column.

Their shape is characteristic. The outer border is convex; while the inner-towards the vertebral column-is concave, and presents a deep fissure, where the blood vessels and ureter enter and leave

Each kidney is about + inches in length , 2 in breadth, 1 in thickness, and weighs abo u t 5 ounces. It is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsu le, on removing which the surface is seen to be smooth and reddish brown in colour.

To study its structure the kidney must be cut longitudinall y from the convex to the concave border. In the centre is a cavit y called the P elv z's, from which springs the ureter. Projecting into this cavit y are the cone shaped apices of several Py ramids, which are surrounded b y the cortex

On examining sections of the kidne y under the microscope, it is found to consist of fine tubes which spring from little tufts of blood vessels. These tubes run one into the other, and finally open into the pelvis of the kidney.

The cortex contains the tufts of blood vessels, and the pyramids the larger tubes.

The Ureters , two in number, are the tubes which carr y the urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The y spring from the pelvis of the kidney and run downwards in the abuomen to open in the bladder.

The Bladder is the reservoir for the urine. It is a hollow muscular bag lying in the pelvis in fron t of the rectum. The muscular tissue is i nvoluntary. The interior is lined with mucous membrane.

The F u ncti on o f th e Kidney s is to excrete urea, salts and water, which together form the urine. Urea is a waste product formed in the liver a n d muscles, and passed in the blood to the kidneys, where it is excret e d. The urine passes down the ureters to the bladder , which, when full, is emptied through the urethra in the act of Mz'ct u ri1£011

Urine is a pale straw coloured fluid, acid , and having a specific gravity of from 1015 to 10 2 5. The avera g e amount passed a da y is 50 ounces. it is more watery and abundant in cold weather, as less w ater is excreted by the skin.

(7) TH E OR G AN S OF THE SPECIAL SENSE S

These are the Skin, Tongue , Nose, Ears and Eyes.

The Skz'n, Tong ue and Nose have already been descri bed.

The Ear is the special organ of the sense of hearing, and is divided into three parts-the e x ternal, middle, and internal ear.

The E x ternal Ear consists of the Pinna and the External Meatus or Aud£tory Canal

Th e P£1zna is composed of a thin plate of cartilage covered with skin, and its use is to conduct sound into the External Meatus

The E x ternal JJtfeatus, or Ear Hole, is about 1 inch in length, and extends from the pinna to the ear drum. It is lined with skin, contains hairs and secretes ear wax.

The Mzddle Ear is a small cavity in the temporal bone. It is separated from the external ear by the Tympam'c lIfe 'mb1'ane, or ear drum, wh ich is a piece of mem brane stretched across the external meatus . The middle ear opens into the back of the throat by a tube called the Eustachion Tube. TherE: is, therefore, air on both sides of the ear drum. Conneccing the ear drum with the i nterna l ear is a chain of three littl e bones, called the Ossicles. The middle ear also connects with some air cells in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

The Internal Em' consists of a central cavity which communicates with the three semi-circular canals, and with a spiral tube like a shell, called the Cochlea.

Hearz'ng. - Sound approaches the external ear in the form of waves, which are collect e d by the pinna and pass along the external meatus to strike the tympanic membrane- the t y mpanic m e mbrane having air freel y circulating on both sides is able to vibrate. If the Eustachian tubes become blocked up, as in a cold in the thro a t, deafne s s ensues, because air cannot circulate freel y on both sides of the d ru m, and the latter can not vibrate.

The vibrations of the drum are carri e d acro s the chamber of the middle ear b y the ossicles to the cochlea, where delicate nerve e ndin g s [rom the auditory nerve transm i t these im pressions to the brain.

The semi-circular canals are not connected with hearing, but g ive knowledge t o the br a in of the position of the head.

The E y e is the special or g an of th e sens e of sight.

The E yeball is g lobular in shape, and li es in a bon y cavit y called the orbit, surrounded with fa t. I t has three co a ts - the Sclerotic, th e h o roid, and the Retina . The Sclerotz'c, or outer coat, is composed of tough fibrous tissue.

It covers only the posterior five-sixths of the eye, the anterior one-sixth being occupied by the Cornea.

The Cornea is continuous with the sclerotic, and is com posed of transparent tissue, which allows the rays of light to enter the e y e.

The C/wroz'd, or middle coat, consists mainly of :: mall arteries, and veins carr y in g blood to the eye. It covers only the posterior five-sixths of the eye, the anterior one-sixth being occupied by the iris.

(To be contz'nued.)

We are prepared to supply Ambulan c e Se c retaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St.• London E.. C .-.

St. John Ambulance B rigade

rJeadquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports.

No. I ( Prince of Wales 's) District.

\ VESTERX ARE \.-A " c r y c nj oyable eve ll111 g

\\ as spent by oye r 250 membe r s a n d f ri end s at t h e 5th a n nua l oe ial of t h c \ Vc tern Ar ea , h cld on Tuesday, O cto b c r 7t h , at Cax t on II a ll v\ rcstmi n s t e r. A ll guc t \\ c r e r ccei\'cd by A sst. Co m m iss ioner 'W a rr c n a n d M r s. \\ 'a n 'e n wh o w elcomed officc r s of the District incl uding A sst. Comm i ssione r Cap t. Fe n ton (Centra l Area), L ady DIst r ict upt. Miss vVal k e r) District O ffice r s, Bu r ton, G r ecn, a n d P asco, w h o wc r c accompanied by t h ci r ladlcs, Lady D ist r ict O ffice r s )'l iss G r ind ly and )' lr s :MacFa d dcn. A rca Offi cc r s p r escnt inc ludcd Co u nty ur geo n G. 1\.. 11. \ V r ang h am ) D i , t ri ct Officers F. Cla r idge and F " l r atto n a n d L ady Dist r ict Officer RobinIa, \ i cOllnlc ' .:'-lo11ntga rr et. \\ a held in the Main II all to 11111 IC supplicd b) the" .\ l elwnian " Band, Amb . Officc r ] . O w c n s 70 (Royal Borough of Ken JJ1 gton) Diyi ion acting <t .' master oi ceremonics ;\1r. \\ arrcn prcsided at the supper intcn a l and) after g i \ ing the 10) a l toast. brokc a \\ ay j rom prccede n t by addrcsslng the gatheri n g , lI e r cacl a letter f r om the.: Co III 111 I ' IOller rcg r LllIng h is inab i li t) to h e present, a n d al o one fr0111 P ll.: r. 1\1r. \V a r rcn exp r essed hi s thank to the officer ' and all rank for the exce llent r e n It to appeal jor l1 e\\ member'. lI c had a ked fo r 250 and already 3()0 had bcen enrolled. Hc refcrred to th c dutil'') to he undertaken ncxt ycar, but w as confident member" \\ ould earn these out 111 the successf ul way that pa dutlc had be'cll done. Dancing cont111ued until a Jat hou r ; and cong r atu latIon are due to the organiSI n g committcc fo r such a splendId c\'Cl1ing,

LF.':\TR \L RE.\.-Tu thi L \ reCl ha fallc n t h e h o n o ur of the first rca AR.P. Cour c of :0Jo, L D i , t r ict.

OInC ixt)' member attended the cour c \\ hich \\ Cl h elel on aturda) s, October 2-+ th . 3 1 t) O\ embcr 7t h a n d 14 t h at 1 1, Aldersg ate 'treet.

Capt. FcnLon ( sst. Commis iu n c r ) ga yc a s h o r t ope nl11g add r e a n d was y e r y pleased to see 0 m a n y p r e e n t. . o r ps upt. A E. \\ c ll s (A. R. P Offi ce r ) \\' a t h e a n d he w as a si ted, as lcct ur e r s by 1\ Ie' r .

E. 'vV. J ackson) C E. Bo w c r) ] tandingfo rd, L. F. Elvin ,

L. All um and G L ishman

As t h e r esu lt of t h is class it is h oped to a u gme n t t h e n umber of Grade 2 in t ru cto r s.

K\S T l1.\1\1.-0n a tur day, O cto be r 17t h ) t h e a nnu a l a nd I nt er Di st ri ct Compet i t io n [ o r the Jaco bs lI ve r Ch allenge C up a nd m eda l s, was h e ld at L at h.o m R oa d S ch oo l, E ast Ham. E ig ht t eams comp e t ed , h e b e ll1 g :, t est) Ca p t. F. E Ben d ix (A s st. Co m m lsslO n e r ), Dl st n ct. Offi ce r s C. J. Fi tc h a nd H a in e ; v Iva. y oce, Dl stnct O ffi ccr C. E Bo w e r ; indivi d u a l p r act Ica l, Co r ps S u pt T. E vVa ls lcy tag in g of th e t. eam tc t w a s excellent. On t h c ro o m compct ito r s fO lln d th ems elv e in a typ ic a l co untr ysi d e sc en e co mpl cte with f a rm e r's h Oll e t w o dogs, fe n cin g a nd a y e r y r ca li t.i c h ay ri ck , g:r a co v e r ed th e a r c n a fl oo r.

Th c fa r me r h ad been" ce le br ating" and sta r ted c h asin g ima g in a ry ca t s a n d dogs Up t h e h ay r ic k he went but o n e n deavo urin g to ta k e a ca n of tea h e s li p pcd and fell h eav il y sp illin g th c b o ilin g tea o ve r h i s fo r ea r m. Th i s was t oo mu c h fo r o n e of thc fa r m h a n d s w h o fell f r om hi s j ob of t h atc hi ng a r oo f a nd s u stai n ed a f r actu r ed co ll a r bo n e Th e f ar me r o n exam in ation was fo u nd to be s uff e r in g alco h o li c p o isoning, h aemo rr hage f r om l eft ea r, f r act ur ed l e ft fi b ul a, d islocated l eft elbo\\' and a se y e r e sca lde d left fo r ea r m Th e r e w as a lar ge n umbe r of i nterested spectato r s i ncl u d in g th e Comm issione r , Capt. Goodley and l1r s. Good ley, Di s tr ic t Offi ce r G r ee n and :'1r s G r een) L ady Di s tri c t Offi ce r l\lrs. Morri s h, th e D e pu ty :\1r s A . Ta y l o r , Co un ci ll o r B o ul twood and :'lr s . Bo u lt\Vood)

:'Ir s. H a r pc r , Co r ps S u pt. Smith (A. R .P O fficer) and ot h e r s

A t th e completion of the tests the result was an n ou n ced as f o ll o w s : I , East Ham (Co r pls , Muddle, T udo r , Ptes, Gibba r d, Poo ley and Bax), -+ 3n points; 2, Sout h cn d , 43 01; 3 , Beckton 4261; 4) \ Ve t H am. 5, Ba r king, 3941; 6, D age nh am, 37 71; 7, R oyal Ar senal, 8, F a ir lop, 222i

Capt Good ley p r ese nt ed t h e J acobs" Cup to East H am; t h e" E dith vVa r d" Cup to outhe n d ( ru n n ers up), and t h e "Cadet A mble r 's" Ch a llenge S h ield to Cade t Malc \\' ho w a the wi nne r fo r 19 36 Other p r e e n tations in cl u ded t h e Sen ice ),ledal to Carp I. \V. S t u tchb ur y and S e n i ce Ba r s to Supt . A . E. A. A m bl cr, ta ff -e r gt. Hi cks a n d Pte Canham T hc organisation and arrangements we r e made by S u pt. A mb l e r , a sisted by A mb. O ffi ce r :' I orris h , and is to be co n g r a tul atcd on p r o 'idi n g a setting \\ hich leit not h ing to be imag in ed.

G.R \Ys - On O c t obe r 21 st, a v c r y en j oyable evening was g l" c n to G r ays Amb u la n ce and X ur ing Cadets in the H a ll. Cadet s came p r epared fo r a good time and It \V a eVIde n t b y th e look on thei r faces that t h e ir ex pecta ti o ns w e r e f ully r ea lised L ady u pt. 1\lrs. Hary ey w a s a ve r y capab le ),1. c., ass ist ed b y L ady Ca d et upt. Mrs. L a n g , and Cade t Offi ce r J ac kson. A y a ri et y o f game s , \\ i t h a few dances in bet w ee n , w e r e k een ly fo ll o w ed by t h e boys a n d a i rls t h e bo ys b u n ca tin o co n test) t h e h at t r i m m i n a com p et;t iOl; and O Gr a dy , in wh ic h a ll pa r ticipated ca u a g r eat deal of amu seme n t.

Tim e fl ed 0 q u ic kly t h at it \\' as not possib l e to i nc lu de a ll t h e it ems arra ngcd , a nd at 10 .1 5 the ocia l came to a clo s e Th e eage r an d h ap p y \Y ay wi t h \\ hi c h a ll nents w e r e f o ll o \\' ed amp ly r epa id t h o e wh o h ad o r ga n ised t he m ee t1l1 g .

No . 4 ( L E nO N AND L EYTON TONE) DI VI SION - A co urs e o f lec t.ur es on " Fir t Aid t o t h e In j ur ed" \\'ill b e h eld at G ooda ll R oad S c h oo ls , L ey to n , E.10, co mmencing vVedn e day, January 6 t h) 1937, fo ll owe d by a co ur e of Nursin a " le c t ur es. F ur t h e r pa r t ic u la rs can be obtamcd from A m b. Offic e r P J effries, 7 1 el by R oad, L ey tonston e, E.11.

o. 20 DIVI SIO N -T h e a nnual c hur c h

FlttST

parade held on Sunday, October 25th, at the Trinity Presbyterian Church 'was a great success.

Asst. Commissioner Dr. W. Arthur Rees, was in charge of this, his first since his promotion, parade supported by County urgeon T. ]. Hollins, Diy Surgeon Noel Farman, and Diy. upt. F. e. Flatman.

ome l30 member were present being led by Di trict Officer e. T. Osborn with Lady District Officer 1Irs. 1IacFadden in charge of the Nurses.

District Headquarters \vas repre ented by District Officers Green and Roust.

The service was conducted by the Rev. J. Chalmer Lyon.

Following the service the parade was inspected by Dr. Corbet Fletcher)' Surgeon-in-Chief, \vho congratulated the members on their smartness, and later took the salute when the parade marched past and proceeded on a short route march.

o. 44 (ACTO);" Al\l) HAr-nIERS1IITII) Dn'lsION.-A fine muster of men, nurses and cadets of the Acton and Hammersmith and neighbouring Diyisions parade for the annual church parade, under Supt. T. Appleton. Headquarter's Staff was represented by District Officers Claridge and Standing ford, Corps Supt. \iValsby and others.

The parade, headed by the Shepherds Bush ilver Band, marched to the Primitiye Methodist Church,

fecting and deoderising the interior and has accommodation for two stretcher cases. The adj listable stretcher ha Loma rubberized hair heel and pillows.

Among other toasts was that of "Our Visitors" which elicited an eloquent response from Mr. T. E. Naylor, J.P M.P.

No. 87 (SHOREDITcrr) Division.-On Monday, October 19th the "Record and Honours" Board, presented by Mr. Arthur T. Parry, J.P. (Divisional President) was unveiled at the horeditch Town Hall by the Rev. M. G. Davis (Vicar of All Saints).

The Division paraded in the Entrance Hall) under Amb. Officer A. C Harris, being inspected by the Mayor of Shored itch (Collncillor W. Davies) J.P.) who was accompanied by Capt. Fenton (Asst. Commissioner), County Surgeon Russell Steele, District Officer 1cBride, Diy. Surgeon Dr. Charzen, 1\1r. A. T. Parry, the Vicar of Shoreditch (the Rev. R. L. Pelly) and others.

The Vicar of Shoreditch presided over the ceremony and asked the Rev. Davis to unveil the Board.

The Rev. Davis said he had great admiration for the work of the Brigade, the members being ready at all times to render assistance without reward.

A 10.

"The 114th Division." The Division was formed in 1930 and registered in 1933, and he was very proud of the efficiency and the interest taken by members. Every year had seen a 100 per cent. pass in examinations. Now the Division had just completed an A.R.P. class and he hoped for a similar pass in this subj ect. They were looking forward to a visit of inspection by their Assistant Commissioner. Mr. Deadman thanked the wives and sweathearts of the men for their assistance in allowing their menfolk to carry out the duties.

Sergt. J. Mann replied in a humorous way. The Division were very fortunate in having two fine officers and great credit was due to Dr. Watson and Amb. Officer Deadman for their untiring services.

Capt. White Knox, responded- to the toast of "Our Guests" proposed by Dr. Watson. He was very pleased to be present at this his first annual dinner in Southern A rea. He was a stranger in the Area but he wished to get among the Divisions not only on official occasions but during social functions. The Division was indeed fortunate in having such an excellent Surgeon and Officer-

Dedication of Acton and Hammersmith Oi\ ion' 'ew Ambulance.

The need for a new ambulance can be gleaned from the following records of the Division for last year. Public duties, 5,279; cases treated, 1,468; accident and remo\'als

Grays Cadet Division.

Hammersmith where the Rev. W. Schofield conducted the dealt with by the old ambulance, 66; miles covered, 1,071. service. The minister's address was concerned with" do- Extra calls for ambulance and men were covered ing good" following the example of the Good Samaritan. including Royal Garden Party at Buckingham Palace, The large congregation included the Mayor of Acton Royal Flower Show, race meetings at Ascot, Epsom, (Councillor T. e. Mercer), the Deputy Mayor of Hammer- Hurst Park, Sandown and Kempton Park, boat-race, smith (Ald. A. Belsham) and Sir Marshall Hays, J.P., Hendon Air Pageant, and the funeral of Earl Beatly. M.P.

Following the service the dedication of the new ambulance of the No. 44 Division took place before a large gathering outslde the Church. The increasing activities of this Division necessitated the purchasing of the new ambulance, the cost of which was raised by dances, whist drives, etc., and the kindness of donors.

The new ambulance is a 27 h.p. Vauxhall, coachwork by Messrs. H. Lomas, Ltd., of Manchester built to the requirements of Supt. T. S. Appleton. It 'is of all-cream colour car:ies a special illuminated "accident" sign. Its eqUlpment mcludes means for heating, cooling disin-

No. 68 (CITY OF LONDON) Division. The annual dinner and concert of this Division was held on ovember 7th, at the Old Bell Restaurant, Holborn, Div. Supl.

T. W. Wells being in the chair.

Some 45 members and guests were present and passed a most enjoyable evening.

Mr. H . H. Gibbons, Chairman of the Amalgamated Press Athletic and Sports Club proposed the toast of the Brigade to which Dr. N Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-inChief, r esponded

Mr. Parry, in response to a vote of thanks for his presentation, said he was very pleased to do his bit to show his appreciation of the Division's self sacrificing work. He was certain that they had saved many lives by their voluntary services.

The Mayor also expressed his appreciation of the work carried out by the Brigade and referred to the excellent work done by the late Supt. Hatley.

The Board is of highly polished oak, consists of five panels, surmounted by the Badge of the Brigade. On it particulars are given of National, District and Divisional competitions, officers of the Division and distinctions gained by members.

No. 114 (L.e.e. TRAMS) DrVISION.-The first annual dmner of this Division, held on October 28th, proved a great success. A gathering of about 70 was presided over by Dr. W. G. Watson (Div. Surgeon), supported by Mrs. Watson, Capt. A. e. White Knox, M.e., M.B. (A sst. Commissioner), Amb. Officer G. e. D. Deadman (Officerin-Charge) and others

Following the loyal toast, Mr. Deadman proposed

in-Charge and he hoped to take an early opportunity of inspecting the Division. He greatly appreciated the hospitality extended to him.

Thanks were extended to CorpI. Munday, Dinner Secretary, for his excellent efforts in arranging such a success ful event.

At the request of Amb. Officer Deadman all present stood in silence to the memory of Mr. Townsend, founder of the Division.

Mrs. Watson then presented awards as follows: " Jones" Efficiency Cup (Privates only), e. H. Ebbs; "Watson" Shield (Privates only) also to e. H. Ebbs. The runner-up in each case was Pte. F. e. Brewer and to him a special consolation medal will be given, being the gift of a visitor present. Also presented were awards gained at the annual examination.

Dancing followed the dinner) Corp!. Preston carrying out the duties of M.e.

No. III. District.

NUNEAToN.-During the construction of a new main

No.1 H (L. C. C. Trams) Division, First Annual Dinner.

in ..I. uneaton eyen men were affected by gas and had it not been for the prompt scryices of thc Brigade, a very serious state of affairs would havc occurred. As it was one of the affected men 10 t his life.

Corp Officer Bonham and Supt. Harris did yeoman seryice applying a rtificial respiration) in addition to these two officers several men left their work to render assistance.

At a rec e nt J uneaton Town Council Meeting the l\layor (Councillor T. L. Liggin) paid tribute to the serYice rend e red; as al 0 did the Coroncr at the ub cquent inque t on the man who died.

No. IV . District LANCASHIRE.

AccRINGTox.-Teams from East Lancashire competed at Accrington on Saturday, October 31st, for the beautiful challenge cup presented by the late A sistant Commissioner Dr. Pim.

The judges were Corps Surgeon R. J. Clarke, oral; Divisional Surgeon J. S. Cooper, practical; Corps Supt. Millington, uniforms and pouches} and Corps Officer Hodgkinson, stretcher drill.

The results were declared as follows :-Brierfield, 385L )J elson} Burnley" B," 34n; Padiham, 33-+; Accrington, and Burnley" A,"

On Saturday, October 2-hh, the following ursing Divisions were repres ented in the competition for the silver cup presented by Assistant Commissioner Dr. R. Clegg; Accrington, Burnley' A" and "B," CaIne} Brierfield, and Rawtenstal!. The judges were Div. Surgeon P. H. Stewart and Lady Distr i ct Supt. 11rs. E. Tweedale. Accrington ursing DivislOn were declared the winners, and in the junior competition) for the cup presented by thc late "Mrs. Clegg, Burnley Cadet Division obtained the premier place.

BURXLEY.-At a social gathering at the Colne Road Headquarters, awards were presen ted by Mrs. Davids on, wife of one of the DiYlsional Surgeons, in the absence of 11r. C. H. Stafford, General l\lanager of the Burnley, Colne and Nelson General Transport Committee.

Arthur Dickinson, the Centrc Secrctary, prcsented a very pleasing report and mentioned particularly the work among Cadets which had been yery successful and of inestimahle value during the ycar. He also rcferred to the Presidency of Lord Shuttleworth, who had occupied that position for 52 years, and in which he had taken a very real interest.

Corps Supt. Colburn paid tribute to the work of the Centre Secretary, spoke of the growing strength of the Corps and the work entailed in the Brigade in Air Raid Precautions.

The "Dickinson" Cup was presented to the team led by Corpl. J. 11ills, Corp!. Cleggs' team obtaining second place, and Sergeant Connell's team 3rd. The Individual prize for N.C.Os. was won by CarpI. J. l1oorhouse, and Pte. W. Ashworth received the one for privates.

H ASLIXGDEN.-Recently Mrs. Tweedale, C.B E., J.P., Lady Distric t Supt. No. 4 (Lancashire) District} was presented with an inscribed fountain pen by the Mayor of Haslin gden (Councillor W. F. Thacker) as a token of appreciation from the members of the Air Raid Precautions Class, of which she has been the instructor.

LrvERPoOL.-On Friday, October 30th, the Liverpool

AID.

:K orth Ambulance and Cadet Division held a Cadet parents' night and de pile the inclemant weather over 50 parents attended. Diy. -llPt. J Tahernacle the proo-ramme which included a Cadet team compctll1on, of prizes and re-e.xaminatiol1 awards.

Four teams competed in the competition and only elevcn marks separated first and fourth teams. o. 2 team, captained by orp!. F G Barlow, gained first place \\"ith marks, No.3 leam, captain, ergt. Long, being econd with 129.

Councillor C. R. Clare. Div. President, e.xtenclcd a hearty welcome to thc parents and Offic e rs of the Lin rpool Corps, and \Va of the opinion that the} \\ auld agree with him that the boys \\ ere being trained in a \\ondnful ser"ice. He wa proud to be a ociated with such an that was g-i\·ing sllch nl1 tinted service. particularly in the north end of Liverp ool. Ill' referred to the Torth Division" Road first aid hut \\ here 206 cases had been treated -ince the opening of the hut in , \pril. 1935. The Division \\ a growing' in strength and he \va pleased to learn that they now numhered 60, with. in addition. 37 Boy Cadets. Mr. Clare then presented the priZL. to the fir t and second teams and annol1ncl cl that h e \\ as () plea ed with the \\"ork that h e \\'ou1d g'ive a fountain pen to each m embe r of the losing- teams.

Supt. Tabernacle a oc;ated hill1s el f \\ ith tile rCllla rks of the Prcsident and appealed to the parents to the boys to maintain their interest in the \\ o rk. They were fortunate in the sen'ices oJ: t\\O such capable o fficers as Cadet upt. J. II. Parry and 'add Officer II. Farrington, hoth of whom were po se sed oj infinite patience.

The members greatly appreciated the presence of the following Corps Offic ers: Dr. \Y. Cairns. eRE.. CO\.

D. C. Leyland Orton. T.n :-'I.R.C. ., Corps Off1cer \\T. E. Searl, Lady Corps Offi cer :\Ir :-'1. Rail i. :\1. Rella sis. 11iss E. A. Craig, and others.

Both Dr. Cairns and Col. Orton 0 f the yalue () f the Cadet movement to the Dri.!.?:ac!e and wcn' hoth extremely pleased to haY e \\'itne sed tlch fine .\\'o rk of the Cadets in the North Division.

On Octoh e r 28th, the LiYcrpool Central Diyi . iOIl. the oldest Diyisi on in the Corps, and the Transport Diyisiol1 (the latest addition to the Corps) held a comhine dancc at the Grafton Rooms, where O\'er 500 people \\ cre pre ent. It was a great Stlcce s and among tho e present were Col.

D. C. Leyl a nd Orton, (Corp Surgeon and, 11pL). Hon. Corps Secretary \\T. E. ea rl. 11r. John Roherts (A ociation Secretary). 11r. W. J. Grace (President, Ccntral Division) and others.

Supt. F. C. Williams (Central) ane! Snpt. J. Anthony (Transport), were responsible [or the dance.

LYTIIAM, ST. ANNEs.-H ea rtiest congratulations are extended to Councill o r and Mrs. C. H. Riley on their appointments as Mayor and 11ayoress of the Boroug-h of Lytham, St. Annes. Councillor Ril ey is the President of the Lytham Diyisions and for many years has been an ardent supporter of the work ()f the Brigade.

MANcHEsTER.-The ninth annual officers' dinner of the Manchester and Salford Corps at the Victoria Hotel, Deansgate was attended by ahout 150 memhers and guests. Corps Surgeon Capt. N. W. Rawlings presided and among other guests were the Lore! Mayor, the Lady Mayoress, and the Commissioner.

Fopowing the toast of His Majesty The King, the Soverelgn Head of the Order, the Lord Mayor proposecl that of the Venerable Order ,of St. John and spoke with pride of the work performed by the members of the Corps ('It all seasons. Lady Dist r ict Supt. Mrs. E. T weeoa 1e ah l y

FIR::) T

responded, and Dr. Marion Maxwell Reekie proposed the toast of the Gl1ests to which the Commission<:r, i\lr. 'vV. G. Smith, replied. lIe congratulated the Corps on their efficicnC), and rdcrred to the \\ ork 1n Air Raid Precautions that had beLn and \\ as stilI being carried out.

Dr. W. F. Jackson proposed the toast of the Brigade and in respondin g County Officer J. A. K. Fearns, of the County of Cheshire, spoke of the need for further practical \\ ork in A.R.P. and that local authorities should construct decontamination centres, for respirator drill \\ as not sufficie nt to attract new memhers who desired to take up thls work.

Corps Supt." Taylor announced that a Doy Cadet of the J\rd\\'ick Division had ohtained thc rcquisite CertificaU: s for the award of thc Granel Prior's Badge, a statcment which \\as rcccin'd with applallse.

On the of the :\farch of the Unemploycd 30 memhe:rs 01 the Manchestl'r and alford Corps. undn Corps Officer Fox and Lacly "orps Miss IIal iday, periormed admirahk \\ ork in attendinJ' to a larO'c numher of "uffcrers.

Two cktachlllLllts of marchers arri\"cd which nece .sitatcd the contillgent of first aiders l)eil1''- t ransierrec\ quickly from one: part of the City to the 150 cascs \\'lre treated hut ielrtunately there \\"l'rl' JlO serious cl)ll1plications

SOl'TITl'OHT.-A large CTO\\ d 0 f supporters and \\"ellwlshl rs attcnded the en'ice organised hy the.outhp(Jrt (lrps on Sunday, OCtOI>L r 11 tho whell the nl'\\ :llCltor ambulance carriag'c was dedicatcd h\· Canon ans1, handed. over for service to Corps f hl' sen'lce \\ ;15 conducted hy Canon Harst on and prayers were led by the T{ e\·. Canon '. S. an:1 the RC'\'ercnds G. Barbcr, C. E. Tames." and J. L<:\\'lS, rcpre.enting the variouo.; in thl tOW11.

There \\as an e. cellent paradl' kd J1\- the British Le;':'lOl1 nand aile! amollg' thOSl lHl'Slllt \\ cre, the :\Ia\"or h(.) pre lCIed. the Comlllis. i()l1n ilir. \\'. C. Smith. the Corps President. Eg-all, S.B.St.]., Corps Supt. lIo1t and Yewcla1\, ancl Corps and Divi ional Officers.

St. A ""Es.-A yer} uccessfnl merican tea and autullln sale was held rlCL'ntly in aid of Drig-ade funds the Amhulance IlLaclquarter", St. Annes. The nm es 111 of the stalls sold various household Jams and clke O! their 0\\'11 making. Se\ eral Items werc up for .'lllCtlOll alld there wcre many g·ame. and \\'hlc1: he!ped the funds con idcrahh and plovldec1 an l11tcre SIde line during' the afternoon.

OBITlL\RY .-Tw o well kn()"'n amhulance workers Corps \V'. \\'illiams of Oldham. and }.Ir. B. H' \tVorswlck. Pres1dent ()f the Padiham and District pa sed away early tllis 1110nth. \Ve e.xtcnd to the hereav cd relatives our \'ery sincere sympathy.

N o. V. D is trict

NO·dITINCnAM.-The First Aid Station annually eql1lppe and staffed by the Nottino'ham Corps on occaSlOn of the f' h'::' , goo. e aIr, \\ lch was held this year 011 1st,. 2nd. and 3rd, ag-ain demonstrated the ::cesslt y for tIllS f o rm of Puh1ic Service. The tation s opened on Monday, September 28th, when the showmen began to arrive, and remained open unti S unday,

A I D. 11

Octoher 4th, when the fairground was cleared. Durin<r this pcriod 338 cascs were recorded but furtunately nonc ()f the pati<:nts rcceived seriolls inj ury, the majority consisting of faints, minor cuts and grazes. A proportion of the patients wcre the showmen themseh'es \\·ho revarious injuries in the course of their and ln many cases shewed their appreciation of the treatment gi ven by subscrihing- to the funds nf the C()rps. The Fir t Aid Station \\-as staffcd mainly by of the ursin,!; Division of the Corps, whilst the fair\\ as patrolled by memhers of the Ambulance Di\'isions. The arran!-!cments \\'cre under the supcf\'i ion of Corps A. C. \Veller and Lady Corps Supt. E. Pabn ,g, WIth the as istance of Corps 1Jr. H. G. Parker a nd other officers.

During the three davs of the Fair a childrcn's creche as in years hy Lady District Officer \tV Gib on. was staffed by officers and members of the Di\'i ions, where, in addition to lo oking after younger children \\-hilst their elde rs "i ited the fair a of temporar!iy ., lost" chi1dr<:n were salely entertal.lled untll claImed 11y their guardians. expreSSlOns of appreciation of their efforts were received hy the members 011 du ty at the creche, which is no\\' looked upon by the public a a regular institution at the fair.

On Octoher 15th, a ucces ful whist driyc and dance organised the Club, )Jotting-ham Corps, wa held at the Greyfnars Hall, :.\Totting-ham. \\'hen about 400 people attended. The arrangements \\'ere in the capable hands of CpI. L. :\lorland. the Hon. Sec. of the Club the :\1.Cs. being 1\Ir. G. Stroud for dancing and T for the whist drin.

The .e.O's. Club a1 0 arranged an outing to Black]19° 1 on Sunday, 19th, which \\'as attended by 6::> .and fnend. The parly left ::\otting-ham at 10 a.m. arnvmg at Blackpool 2.30 p.m. Tea \\'as taken at \\Tintcr. Gardens, and was folIm\'ed hy a motor coach drive_ to Vlew the illt,lmination after which the party \\ tree. to folIo\\" thelr O\\'n inclinati ons until the return whIch left at 10 p.m arriving back at Nottingham 111 the ea rly hour of morning.

No. VI. District .

An officers' conference was held in X ewcastle/Tyne on Saturday, October. 24th, and attended by nearly 140 and l\'ursll1g officers. A number of point concernl11g the work of the Brigade \\"ere discussed'- The conference \\-as honoured by the presence of the Assistant .(Dr.. \ V. C. Bentall) who gave an 111 plflng talk on All- Rald Precaution work. conference \\ as foIIO\\'ed by an officers' dinner. at whIch the Lord ::\layor of < Te\\"castle and the Actin;' Lady l\Iayore s we!"e .the principal o-uest , together \\"ith a llul.nber of other dlstmguished ,isitor. The toast of the Brwade. proposcd hy Sir Thomas Oliver (KniO'ht of Grace) was replicd to by Dr. Bentall that;f the'?; Civic Autho:ities" was. proposed by the Rev. H. G. Hasting of the Order) and the Lord ::\layor, in rcplYll1g. pald a tnbute to the work of the Brig-ade in the CIty; "Our .Guc ts," proposed by County Officer H. Crace (Sernn.g Brother) were represented, in reply, by County Counc1l10r 1\1. J. l\Iail and ::\1r. J. R. Andrews.

A most enjoyable evening \YaS spent, to \yhich the enterta111l11ent proYided by Messrs Tames 111ir. \ Villiam IIendry and A. Hall, greatly cont ri6 u ted.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught'.s) DistrIct.

ADDIscoMBE.-The fifth annual service of the Addiscombe Division was held on Sunday, October 25th, at St. 1Iildred s Parish Church. Amb. Officer Scott was in charge of the parade with a detachment of nurses under 11iss O. Livingstone.

The Vicar (the Rev. Dr. C. \V. Budden) welcomed the members from the choir steps and, in his address, referred to the fact that the Division's ambulances had already this year travelled some 6,000 miles and carried nearly 800 patients; rendering first aid during same period to some 3,000 cases. For all you a r.e domg, continued the Vicar we thank you and we glVe thanks to God Who has upon you those gifts which you use in his service.

The Lessons were read by Privates Beadle and J. Lock.

HER:>''E BAY.-Some 110 men, nurses and cadets paraded at the King's Hall, on Thursday, October 29th, for the annual inspection which this year was carried out by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief).

The inspecting officer was received by County Surgeon F. C. Cozens, Lady District Officer 1\1iss May, the Chairman of the Council (Councillor W. S. Pullinger), Councillor E. R. Pitt (President), the Clerk of the COlmcil (11. A. H. Edwards) and others.

Supt. A. Keeler was in charge of the parade, assisted by Transport Officer A. R. J. Creasey, Lady Supt. Miss M. Reynolds being in charge of the nurses assisted by Nursing Officer Miss A. Reynolds, and Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Honey. The Girl Cadets '\' ere under :l\1iss H. Bentley and Miss A. Indermaur whilst P t e. vVilIiams was in charge of the Boy Cadets.

After inspecting the ranks, the pouches receiving great attention, Dr. Corbet Fletcher took the salute at the march past and then a display of stretcher and gasmask drill was presented. This was followed by individual tests which included every phase of ambulance work; particular attention being paid to artificial respiration.

In his address to the parade Dr. Corbet Fletcher said that, as he expected, he was perfectly satisfied with everything he had seen. Herne Bay had a complete St. John family, thus there was hope for the future as on the Cadets rested the prosperity of the work. He had nothing but praise for the work he had seen and his report to the Chief Commissioner would be that all is well with Hearne Bay.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher referred to the assistance received from the Urban Council, and that they were fortunate in having two excellent first aiders in Dr. Cozens and Dr. Hamerton and other officers doing yeoman work.

The Surgeon-in-Chief also referred to Transport Officer Creasey as " the man without whom we cannot get far," and stated that so far this year 362 removals and 39 road accident cases had been dealt with by the motor ambulance, which had travelled 5,269 miles. Since the opening of the first aid post, members had carried out 62 duties and attended 22 cases.

In conclusion Dr. Corbet Fletcher repeated his thanks to the Urban Council, to the doctors and those in charge, and all f.or the wonderful work they were doing.

CouncIllor Pltt expressed thanks to the Inspecting Officer. He was very proud to be associated with the Herne Bay Divisions; and mentioned that he had promised to give a cup for competition, the trophy to be presented at the annual meeting of the Divisions.

Councillor Pu1linger offered his congratulations to

A I D.

the Herne Bay Divisions which were the smartest he had ever seen. The services they renderd were greatly appreciated and he would the movement all the possible support he could.

Port of Bristol Authority.

The annual first aid competitions were held on Otcober 17th, when fjye teams. three from the Authority one each from the [ alional Smelting- Co., and John Robinson and Co., competed. Dr. J. A. L. Robert was the judge.

The test was the treatment of a man lying in a trench g-assed, and a f1Jrther patient who had fallen into the trench sustaining- severe injuries.

The result was 1st, Port Authority team No.1, 139 points 2nd, o. 3 team, 136 ; 3rd, John Robin on's team, 128; 4th, No.2 team, 119; 5th, National Smelting Co.'s team, 102.

Alderman E. 1\1. Dyer (Chairman, Port of Bristol Authority) who presided oyer the function and also the supper which followed, stated that 91 men the examinations in :'IIarch last as ag-ain t 77 the pr0\ IOU" year. The had obtained 3 certificates, 2 \'oucbcrs, 5

Notes on the Nursing of War Gas Cases.

By MAJOR NOR !JAN HAMMER, M.R.C.S.

(Concluded jro7l1 page 69).

NURSI G TREATMENT OF BLISTER CASES.

The Eyes may be affected by the vapour and by the liquid. Immed'l'ate and thorough washouts with water, normal saline, or mild lotions, will hel p to minimise damage. (\Vash out the eyes at Ollce, even it is with water from the water bottle or a stream).

sufferer that the eye-symptoms, which are so distressing him, will subside. She will be ordered to wash out the eye frequently with warm water or with the mild lotions referred to (i.e., normal saline, weak solutions of potassium and sodium permanganate). A drop of medicinal paraffin is placed between the eyelids to try and avoid sticking. If the discharge from the eye is yellow and " mattery," eye irrigations with weak silver sol utions will be ordered by the M.O.

Further procedure for eye cases are matters for the doctor and will not be deal t with here.

Nurses should note that the eyes of mustard patients should be bandaged only if espec£ally by the surgeon

The Sk£n.-Burns start as itckmg redness

TVestl'rn Daily Press c..", Bristol J.hrror Plz%graplz.

Port of Bristol Authority Competitions in Progres medallions and 39 labels. The staff of the 1\ ational Smelting Co. obtained 7 certificates, 3 vouchers, 1 medallion and 5 labels; of John Robinson and Co., Ltd., 2 certificates, 1 voucher, 1 medallion and 6 labels. Eight members of the Bristol City and Marine Ambulance Corps were also successful.

At Bristol Centre, S.].A.A., annual competitions three Authority teams entered. No.3 team won the" Mather" cup and was second in Novices' contest; No.1 team secured second place in the" Beavis" cup competition and third in the" Laving-ton" cup contest.

Concluding- his remarks Alderman Dyer mentioned that up to March 31st last over 1000 cases were treated at the docks surgery and 205 patients removed by the ambulance.

Presentations were made to Drs. Gorham and Burgess and Messrs. H. Owen. A. E. B. Hitchin, and S. J. Austin in appreciation of services rendered during the past vear.

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' (8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all interetited." Publtshin& Office: ,46, CaoDon Street, E.C.,..

Anti-Gas :::'chooJ, Falfidd.

Left-Correct Method of Wearing Protective Clothing with Respirator.

Top right-Working in Protective Clothing H.S. Compound.

Bottom right-Decontamination by Hosing of H. S. Substitute, Small Pressure of \Vater at First.

A minute drop causes a condition which makes the sufferer, by the time he reaches the Nurse at the hospital, present a picture in which the eyes are inflamed, and the lids and conjunctiva swo ll en, with much discharge. Swelling increases, and cornea l ulceration occurs. This condition may lead to severe and permanent damage to the eye or not-according to the thoroughness and rapidity of the immediate first aid treatment.

In hospital, the Nurse should reassure the

which can be relieved with calamine lotion, evaporating lotion, or solution of pot. pemang. Both dusting powders and certain ointments have been recommended.

Blisten.--Note that when the blister bursts or is opened, the ra \V surface exposed is very tender and painful, and is very liable to get secondarily infected with any germs that may be about. They may be emptied at hospital under strict aseptic precautions. The surgeon may

order dress i ngs or applications to form a the raw surface (e g., the pack acid solution). Drip-irrigation is sUItab le If :'l.gns of in fection appear. Later stimu lating app lIc a tIOns such as Scarlet Red ointment are useful to promote healing.

NUfsinO' Note.-Use lint and not ga u ze Never use oiled silk Of any similar material which pens up the discharges.

J/ose, throat, lungs -Rel ief is afforded by inhaling Friars Balsam and iVlent hol, from steaming water.

A warm alkaline nasal douche may be POURED through the nose three times a day. (KOT to be sniffed up by the patient). Nurses must be taught how to do this.

Police Ambulance News.

:'I1ETROPOLITAN.

The continued of members once again compelled two eliminating contests to be held for the" Parsons" Shield competition. These took place at Peel House ?11 October 27th and 30th, the judges being Capt. F . E B.emllx, R. C. S., L. R. C. P. (team) and Dr. M. 1\1. Scott

The tests set for the first date ",-ere of an InterestIng nature. The teams had to deal with a man suffering alcohol poisoning and fractured clavicle with hremo.rrhage from ear and forearm. The individual tests dealt \Ylth c u t throat (attempted suicide) and slashed. left ; a chJld who bad scalded his throat and foot \\,Ith bOllmg water; and the identification of poisons together with treatment of a person having been struck by lightning.

The second day's tests were also very mtel'estll1g. In the team test the teams were gi"en the very same card as the one used in the first tests and it was only by correct questioning that competitor.s were able to diagnose apoplexy. Otber injuries were bleedIng from. and left. ca.lf. and fracture of humerus involving elbow JOInt. For the Indl\ 'ldual tests Nos 2 and 5 had to deal with dog bite and frarture of lo\\'er third of humerus; ·os. 1 and 4, abdominal wOUl:d with protrusion; o. 3, a viva the pulse m certain conditions and the formatIon of a JOIl1L

At the conclusion of each day's tests the judges addressed the competitors, giving advice for future Bendix emphasised the importance of finlsi1mg one tillng first. Every man in the team should be as good as tl:e leader and be able to carry out treatment whilst the captam is completing the examination Dr. Scott ran through his tests and emphasised the need of readl11g' the card carefully.

Both doctors, hOl,,\ ever, were pleased WIth the hIgh standard of efficiency shown.

In the unavoidable absence of Mr. G. Abbiss, Supt. Smith announced the results. The following teams, being the first five in each contest, will compete in the final to be held on I\'O\' ember 25th: Y, G, V, Thames, T, F, S, P, W, X. Inspector James carried out the dutie s of secretary, members of the Force assisted by the City Police, acting as stewards.

NORTH EAST AREA.

On October 27th, eleven teams from the No.2 District

AID.

competed for the "Palmer" Police Trophy in the R a ilw ay Institule at York.

The judge were Dr. J. Beverley (team) and Dr. F. S. Hardy (individual), and ome very good work was presented by the competitors.

carboro u o'h was the successfu l team, g-all1lng 211 marks, follow:d by East RicJing, 204 ; Sunderland, 199; North Riding, 196t; York, 194.

The Chief Constable of York (1\1r. H. H. Herman) was in charge of arrangem nts.

Coming Events.

T he Editor will be pleased to recei\e particulars 01 coming events f( r inclusion (free of charge) under thi heading.

NO\,E;\IBER.

forth-

21.-Eastern Area, No.1 Oi tricl, S.] .• \. B., " EcJith Ward" Shield ur ing Competition.

21 & 22 . - .J .A. B., A,II England .\. R. P. ourse of In truction, Great Central Hotel, London.

25. -Red Cross Ball, Gro \'enor House, Park Lane.

25 -Metropolitan Police "Par OIL" Shield Competition Final, Peel House.

26.-City of London Police Annual Competitions, Snow Hill Police Station.

28. -Annual Dinner, B. R. C. S Blood Transfu!:iion en icc.

28.-Annual Dance, Hospitallers' Club, Cora Hotel, London

28.-Eastern .\rea, TO. 1 District, " Charles '-ltatham" (:\Iassey Preliminary) Competition, tratford.

l.-Red Cross Bridge Tournament, 57, Princes Gate, .W, 7.

3. - Great Central Section (L.;\. E. R.) Final Competitions, l\1arylebone.

5. - " Barber" !'Ilemor ial Shield Annual Competitioll, Bi r coates, near Doncaster.

5.-Annua l Officers' Dinner, No. l (Prince of Wales's) District, S.lA. B., Gt. Central Hotel, ;'Jarylcoone.

6.-Gravesend Division, .J.A B. Concert, ;, Iajestic Theatre.

11. - Hospitallers' Club Meeting, Bonning-toll lIotel, London,

13. - No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) Districl, Ofliccrs' and Friends' Church Parade, Priory Church, Clerken\vcll.

16. -Ley ton and Leytonstone Division, S.] \. B., " Evans" Cup Competition.

19. - Lee and Lewlsham Depot, South l\letropolitan Ga Co., S.]. A. B., Dance, East Greenwich

19 & 20.-S. J .A. B. All England A.R.P. Course of Instruction, Great Central Hotel, London.

Burton L. M. S team was successful in winning the "Lord and Lady Burton" Challenge Bowl at the ann u al competit ion held on October 31st.

March Urban District Council have rrov id ed two blankets for the use of ambu l Rnce men, and a first aid box in Robin Goodfellow's-lane recreation ground

Ratlway Ambu/aJtce News.

Great Western.

The annual report of first aid work on the Great Western Railway for thc twelve months cnded June 30th, 1936, discloses a year of atisfactory progress in all phases of thc movcment. The number of successful students during the year was 7,520, an increase of 129 over prel'iOllS t\\ elve months. There has been a increase in ncw mcmbcrs, 7--\-7 as compared With 657 In 193-1--5. The examination results under the centre for the past len ) ears is given in the following table.

Year Ce rtificate Voucher Medallion Labels

1925 1.517 l.2U6 1,126 3,341

1926 1.0-+9 9-1-6 865 3,670

1927 717 ()8-+ 771 4,167

1928 1, 57-1-

employees, or ten per cent. of the total staff, are qualified ambulance workers, and that of this number nearly 7,000 have taken four or more first aid examinations For the purpose of the census no man was regarded as who had not taken an examination during the prevlOUS five yea rs.

CHIPPE r IIAM .-A t the Rail\\ ay Inn, Chippenham, Mr. W. Pellow, Div. Loco. Supt., presided over a large gathering of members of the Chippenham and Melksham ambulance classes on October 10th. Examination awards and a number of gold efficiency medals, were presented by Mr. R. G. Pole) Div. Supt. The toast of "The Great \lVestern Railway Ambulance Movement" was proposed by Mr. E. Dibdin, Goods Agent, who, describing the work as a real Christian one, stressed the importance of skilled assistance for mino r inju ries, which could thus be prevented from becoming serious NIr. Pole congratulated the Chippenham branch on its membership of 51, and paid special tribute to Dr. G Laurence, lecturer.

The" Athlonc Bowl , a silver trophy awarded to the Di\'isi onccllrlng the largest proportion of recruits to the movement, "va \\'on by the Central \Vales Di\'ision.

A s usual the annual competllions attracted a good entry 292 tcam participating, 112 In the advanced class and 180 Il1 the beginner cla s.

At the final competi t ion the '\\ indon team were SlICCC " ftll in winning the premlcr trophy, the .; Directors" hield, the FiJlguard Harbour team (runners-up) the Carvcll" up. The la tt er team were the winners of the \Velsh Inter-Raih\-ay Competition and were awarded the t. Harry \IV ebb " Cup

Three further trophIes ha\'e been presented to the Great \Vestern Railway ambulance moyement during the year. 1Ir. :dorris, late Div. Supt., Gloucester, ,vas the donor of a silycr cup to the Gloucester Corps and his brother, 11r. ]. R. Morris, Div. Supt., Che ter, presented a challen g e hic1d for competition in his Division. A challenge hield was also given by lr. D. Spurrell Davies) Assistant Traffic Ianagcr. Osv,'estry, to first aid competitors in his Division.

A large number of reports were received during the year, many of which were in respcct of accidents sustained out.side railway On the selection of the Company's ChlC£ Iedlcal Officer, a number of gold, silver and bronze and certificates were awarded in exceptiona lly merItorious cases.

The steady maintenance of first aid know l edge is by number of men holding the Company's Efficlency award. Durin o the twch'e mont h s no fewer than 420 gold medals 15 years' efficiency, 114 bars (20 years' efficiency), 93 quarter century medals, and 24 lJars (30 years' efficiency) have been issued. The number of the Company's cfficieJ1cy av,ards to date IS :-15 year meclals-2,242; 20 year bars- l ,102; 25 year meda l s-422; 30 year bars-100; 35 year bars-8.

A census of trained ambulance men taken throuo'hout the lin e in Octob er, 1935, disclosed t1;e fact that 1:>9, 362

Sw ANSEA.-A pleasing incident at the annual conference of class secretaries held at the Central Hotel, Swansea on October 12th, was the presentation to Mr. E. O. ] ones, who on retirement from the Company's service r esigned from the office of Divisional Secretary of the Swansea Division, of a wallet of treasury notes. The presentation, which was a mark of appreciation of the good work done in the Division during Mr. ] ones' secretaryship from 1917 to 1935, was subscribed for by the ambu lance wo rk ers a nd divisional officers, and was made by Mr. C. E. Bird of the Landore Central class.

CARDIFF.- The Lord Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman G. Fred Evans, J.P., presided oyer the annual concert and presentation of awards organi ed by the Cardiff ambulance classes at the City Hall on October 1st, when among those present were Alderman \ V. Pethybridge, Councillor ]. Ferguson, Mr. F. G. Wainwright, Div. Supt., Mr. W. E. Baines, Div. Loco. Supt., Mr. A. W. Hollingdale, Div. Engineer, Mr. F. A. Cartwright} .11r. B Board, Div. Amb. Secretary, and Miss F. Moore, Ladies' Class Secretary. A number of go ld efficiency awards were distributed by the Lord Mayor, and examination a\\'ards gained by members of the men's and women's classes by the Divisional officers.

BR EcoN.-Membe r s of the Brecon ambulance class held their first annual supper at the George Hotel, on October 3rd, under the presidency of Mr. J. L. Morgan. Councillor W. J. Bevan, J.P., oistributed examination awards, and thanked Mr. LJew Jones for the work he had put into the mOYement. The m usic al programme arra n ged by Mr. Frank] ones was much appreciated.

BARRY DocKs.- The annual concert of the Barry Docks class took place at the Railwaymen's Institute on October 3rd, the chai r being taken by the Divisional Docks Engineer, 1\1r. M. C. Harris on. No fewer than 63 examination awards were distributed by 1\1r. D. J. J ohnson Superintendent, Cardiff Docks Police, who also presented a number of gold efficiency meda ls and bars.

AID .

london, Mid la nd a nd Scottish.

At a recent census taken by officials of the Company revealed that there are over 2-1-,000 employees of the L.1I.S. qualified to render first aid, including 4,551 in Scotland. This total is 11 per cent. of the total number of staff employed in all departments. The highest percentage obtained in any department is that in the Police where 534 have passed an examination out of 666.

Every year some 11,000 men and women employees pass a first aid examination, the Company encouraging all members to take a practical interest in ambulance work, stimulating interest by competitions, etc.

BROAD STREET.-One of the mo t enthusiastic classes held at Broad Street had a fitting conclusion when 11r. A. L. Castleman presented awards on October 27th.

For the District Office, Broad Street and Haydon quare Goods Stations, there were 58 awards covering from first to thirty years service in the Ambulance moyement.

The District Goods 11anager congratulated each recipient and called attention to the need of the 1\lovement, which was particularly eyidenced on that day, as when a name was called for an award it transpired that the member was away at hospital, having accompanied one of the staff "who had, unfortunately, met with an accident.

The Secretary, Mr. \V. J. Edgson, was suitably thanked for the work he had performed during the session.

DERBY.-Mr. O. E. Kinsman presented 10 certificates, voucher, 6 bars and 1 medallion, gained in a recent examination, to the motive power department class. }.Ir. Kinsman congratulated the men and spoke of the value of first aid work.

He also presented a table cigarette lighter to Dr. Thrift, subscribed for by men of the class in recognition of his services as surgeon-lecturer.

EDGE HILL Loco.-A very enjoyable evening was spent on October 6th, 1936, when the annual distribution of awards and prizes was made at the smoking concert held at the R.A.O.B. Club Room, wavertree.

The District Loco. Supt. Mr. E. Crossley took the Chair an? Mrs. Crossley presented the awards, inc1uaing long serYlce gold medals to Messrs. L. Knight, T. Crook and J. Kennedy. The cup and first prize was won by Mr. L. Knight and the second prize by Mr. Crook.

Mr. Crossley, in his opening remarks made a strong and earnest appeal for more members of the staff to interest themselves in Ambulance work and assured them that. so far as personally was concerned they would receIve every aSSIstance to become efficient first aiders.

Mr. Kamm, assistant to the General Ambulance Secretary, apologised for the absence of Mr. Hill who through unavoidable circumstances, was unable 'to present. In his remarks he referred to the increase in the number of successful first year candidates and said that he would like to see this progress in recruitment maintained.

The CI De Vere Shortt" Cup competition was held at LIme Street Station, Liverpool, on Saturday, 10th, and was won by the Edge Hill Goods Team WIth a total of 216 marks, working on a handicap of 12.

The Liverpool Exchange No. 2 Team were second with 17l! marks-handicap 17. The judges were (team test): Dr. T. J. Coakley; (individual test), Dr. T. P. Garry.

OTTINGHAM.-A competItIOn in connection with the -ottingham Railwaymen's Ambulance League was held on October 25th, the Nottingham Loco. learn again being successful in winning first place. They now head the league table by a margin of points. The goods department team are fifth on the table.

\VILLESDEN.-The annual concert and presentation of awards was held recently, the chair being taken by 1\1r. J. A. Picknell, supported by Mr. E. Bullard.

Mr. E. orton, secretary, said that 108 awards had been obtained, an increase of 12 over the previous year, and the membership of the centre had risen from 63 in 1930 to its present number of 128. Mr. Torton paid a striking tribute to the Chairman and thanked him for supporting the movement in such an enthusiastic manner.

Mr. J. A. Picknell said that he very much appreciated all the kind things that had been said about him and mentioned that the secretary had been given the highest a\\'ard the L.l\I. offers for first aid work for a\'ing the life of a guard who had had his arm cut off by a train on the lines near Harlesden station. lIe had abo been of great assistance in a case of illness which occurred at VJillesden.

1\1r. Picknell stated that Dr. Pater on had now been the class lecturer for 1-1- years and had shewn such practical interest in the class that it \\ as a pleasure to follow him.

Mr. Picknell also referred to the honour gained to Mr. P. Harman, who had been made a erving Brother of the Order of St. John.

The awards were graciously pre ented by Mrs. J. 11unk and included L.M gold long ervice medals presented to 1\lessrs. Cashmore, Collins and John, and the 25 years' gold bar to l\Ir. A. Foster. The doctor's prize for the best first year men \\ ere a\\'arded to )'les r . Richardson and Morton.

london and Nort h Easte rn.

GREAT CENTRAL SECTION.-The preliminary competition was held at Sheffield during the week ended ovember 7th, and as a result the following teams will contest the final competition to be held at Marylebone on Thur day, 3rd-Ne:v Holland Ferry, Gorton Works, Duk1l1field, LangwIth Loco., and Sutton-in-Ashfield, Tuxford Loco., last year's winners, dropped to 12th place. Altogether 39 teams competed, one less than last year, the judge being Dr. J. Beverley.

EAGLES CLIFFE CLAss.-A social evening was held recently when Mr. Man, District Goods Manager, Middlesbrough, presided. The awards were presented by Mr. J. Taylor Thompson, District Engineer, Darlington. Dr. Sacco, the lecturer, emphasised the need for ambulance work among railwaymen and also the general public.

IpSWICH.-The 56th annual dinner of the Ipswich No.1 Division was presided over by Mr. G. B. Hennessy, Loco. Supt.; supported by Mr. G. Baker, c.E. Dept.

Mr. W. H. Brown, secretary, in his report stated that steady progress had been made. A team entered the G.E. competitions and finished 21st, out of 31 teams. The Division had lost, through death) an old member, Mr. E. E. Thompson.

Mr. E. Chalk and Mr. G. Baker received their 25 years' and 20 years' long service medals, respectively. At the close of last session 28 members sat and passed their examination.

MARcrr.-Mr. W. F. R. Webb presided at the annual meeting of the March Railway Ambulance Corps which was held on October 12th. IIe was supported by Messrs. S. S. Dicker (secretary), G. Brewin (Chairman, March U.D.C.), J. S. Collingwood and E. C. Cottage.

11r. Dicker submitted the 45th annual report. The Goodley" cup had been won by 11r. 1'. H. Clingo for the first time, and they were again indebted to Capt. Goodley \\'ho gave his valuable time to judge the competition.

The "Rothschild" cup was won by Mr. S. Jennings, and the "Permanent \Vay" cup by Mr. R. Westwood. Dr. J. A. IIislop judged the first competition and the First Officer J. R. Croft, the second.

Two teams entered and were successful in being placed first and second in the Cambridge District Officers' hield competition, whilst March "A" gained the right to compete in the G.E. competition final.

During the past 12 monlhs nearly 900 cases had been treated and long ser\'lce awards had been presented to

)'Ie rs. A. Reltun and J. R. Crofts, gold bars, 25 years; Me rs. J. S. Youles, J. F. English, and E. W. Tolliday, gold bars, 20 years; Messrs. A. G. Gamble, and G. W. Chaplin go Id 111 edal , 15 years.

?'I1r. Brcwin presented the awards and spoke in appreciation of work carried out by the members.

TllORl'£.-Thc anllual pre 'entatiun uf cl\\'ard::, to members of the Thorpe Di\'i iOIl took place la t month, '\1r. C. \V. \Vadlcy, presidinO', supported by Sir Charles [htho, .\J r. C. \\'. Wadley, ,\1r. G. C. Gooding (District Pa senger l\lanag-er) Ip wich), Capt. R. E. Lawler, (Asst. r.Ianager), Capt. W. Goodley (ambulance secretary, G.E. and G.c. eCllOns), 1\1r. \V. C. Hunt (treasurer), Mr. P. 'taples (secretary), and other officials. Others pre::,cnt incll1ded 1'. O. Mein (the ambulance secretary of the G.E. Section), J\Ie rs C. Jolly and Taylor.

The secretary reported that all members were sucat the rc-examination. In the competition arena \\ as placed 4th at Ipswich, 9th in the G.E. round .runners-up in the I( Cooper" cup competltlOl1, and \\ l1111erS of the "Wivenhoe Town" Ambulance cup.

cur presented by ir Clw.rles Batho for individual, practlcal oral had been won by C. VV. WIth 11r. 1Illler one point behind.

Sll- Charles Balho presented the examination awards and also his cup to Mr. Wadley. He stated that he had had two replicas made, and one for the present holder and other for Mr. Sparkes, 1935 winner.

SIr Cha.rles, on behalf of the Division, handed to Mr. Stygall a stiver smoker's stand and ash tray, a sm.all appreCIatIOn of the \,,' ork he had done durin cr IllS ChaIrmanship of the Division. b

April 22nd, 1937, the Southern Railway have remodelled their Divisional and Final Competition arrangements. It is proposed to hold the competitions commencing Monday, March 1st, as follows: Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and Women, at Brighton; District No.5, at Salisbury; District No.6, at Exeter.

The probable date of the Southern Final Competition is April 6th, 1937.

Over 300 members of the S.R. staff attended a very interesting lantern lecture entitled "Nature as a First Aider," which was given by Dr. R. B. Duncan, at the Chapter House, London Bridge on October 9th.

Dr. Duncan commenced by explaining the qualities required in a good first aider, and from that went on to explain the wonders of Nature, given as a preventative or remedy for damage actually done.

At the conclusion of the lecture a hearty vote of thanks was given to Dr. Duncan, who, in reply, stated that it was a pleasure to do anything for the "good of the cause."

GUILDFORD.-There was a very large attendance at the annual concert and presentation of awards of the Guildford Railway Ambulance class which was recently held in St. Saviour's Hall.

Among those present were 1\1r. E. A. Richards (\:V el fare Asst. to the General Manager) and Mrs. RIchards, Mr. T. Long (Loco. Foreman, Guildford) who presided, and 11rs. Long.

The awards gained by the successful candidates "were distributed by Mrs. Long, who was presented with a bouquet by little Miss L. Luck.

.1\Ir. Long he wished to impress upon young men, partIcularly rallway employees, that they 'were following an occupation in which there were many dangers, and they could render no greater service to their fellows than to be able to give them first aid if the occasion arose. The ability to render first aid could only come by experience, and he hoped more would be done at Guildford to increase the membership.

Mr. A. Barrow, District Secretary, thanked 1\1r. Long for presiding, and 1\1r. Richards for attendinO'. He sa.id that the Gui.ldford class started about 15 ago WIth a membershIp of 13 and to-day they would total 50 strong.

T\1r. Richards congratulated those who had received awards and said that a knowledae of first aid was a factor. The qualification brought them into contact WIth suffermg they \,"ould not otherwise haye experienced; softened their hearts' and he could answer for it, gave a joy of service on'ly those who had a knowledge of first aid could appreciate. He urged them to make the forthcoming class at Guilclford the best eYer.

SOUTHA.l\lPTO DocKs.-The awards won during the summer classes held by members of the Southampton Docks District were presented recently at their headquarters.

The function was made the occasion for presentino' to A. J. Abrahams the gold medal of the Centre passmg examinations 21 years in succession. Other mem?f the class S. pallas, and Mr. J. Boucher) were reCIpIents of speCIal certificates testifying to their having completed no less than 30 years in the Ambulance Movement.

Owing to the Coronation Celebrations and to the fact that the Inter-Railway Final wil! be held on Thursday,

Mr. F: Wentworth Shields) O.B.E. (Docks) Engineer) who was mtroduced b.y Mr. E. Uzzell, Chairman of the Docks Centre, congratulated the men very heartily and

expressed the regret of J\Ir. E. J. 1\Iissenden at his inability to attend.

A vote of thanks to 1\1r. \Venlworth - hields proposed by 1\1r. T. 11urray, and seconded by Ur. R. Thorn, was heartily ratified.

REDBRlDGE.- The tenth annual competitions organised by the Redbridge Centre \ycre held on 7th, when 32 teams, a record, competed.

The judges were Drs. R. B. DtU1can and J. Stanley Davies, Mr. R. Gillingham being the secretary.

Mr. R. P. Biddle, Docks and 1Iarine l1anager, presided in the absence of Lt.-Col. Gilbert S. Szlumper, Asst. General J\Ianager. The Chairman read a telegram from Col. Szlumper expre sing regret at his inability to be pre ent, wishing them a successful competition, and thanking 11r. Gillingham, the hon. secretary, and his colleague at Rcdbridge Centre for their work in connection \yith it.

The results \yere announced by 11r. E. A. Richards which were: Group 1: 1 (Red bridge cup and prize presented by the Rants. and Dorset Bus Service Co.) Eastleigh Carriage \Vorks J: o. 1, 125 points; 2, Eastleigh Loco. No. I, 117; 3, Eastleigh Running Sheds, ] 15; Group 2: I, Bournemouth Goods) 113: 2, Poole All Grades, 109; 3, Eastleigh Carriage Works, No.2, 104.

The prizes "ere pr e sented by l\Irs. Szlumper \"ho received a b o uquet from Edna Peckham.

)'Irs. Szlumper said t hat ambulance \York had a particular interest for both she and her husb a nd, and they were proud of the men who put in so much \y o rk to reach a hiCYh standard of efficiency.

St. John R.N.S.B.R.

DURI;-{G the last war members did such valuable \York that the Brigade A.uthorities were asked to continue this Reserve, and to-day 1,275 men are ready to place their services at their country's call.

We were therefore, very surprised that Surgeon RearAdmiral J. R. uir in his book (( Years of Enu mance," which deals with the earlier part of the \var, thought fit to include a statement regarding the R. N. S. B. R. of the Brigade, which, to say the least, casts aspersions as to the efficiency and appearance of that body.

The author states (( of our usually highly trained sick berth staff were available and their places taken by a very new detachment of the St. J 01111 Ambulance men, whose knowledge was confined to scrappy First Aid work. They were difficult to handle, had not the least concerlion of discipline, and were only controlled by their elderly meek sergeant. They were dressed in their own rig, which included a white shoulder strap supporting a white pouch in which they kept their pipes, tobacco and letters from their best girls "

It is apparent that Admiral was unaware that each member must pass an annual re-examination in first aid, and further, is compelled to undergo one week's special aining each year under Naval Orders.

Bya strange coincidence, in the earlier part of 1914, Surgeon Commander R. W. G. Stewart of the Admiralty, conducted an inspection of 1,000 members at and in his report testified to the smart aprearance of the men and to the efficiency shown in first aid.

We cannot reconcile ourselves to the statement of the author, in face of the inspecting officer's remarks, made but a few months previously.

As readers are well aware, the membership of the R. N. S. B. R. is in addition to ordinary Brigade duties and is undertaken by members in the true St. John spiritvoluntary, with service to others before self

The Hospitallers' Club.

ALTIlOUGIl the L ovem ber meeting was held on Friday the 13th, it was by no means an unlu"cky day.

The speaker on this occasion was lr .•\. Lomas (of H. Lomas, Ltd.), \\·ho ga\ e a lecture on "Ambulance Construction" accompanied by lantern sliJes. He drew attention to \yheel bac;c, width of ambulance, engines; and was of the opinion that a 20 h. r. engine was the minimum for comfort. The liues depicted ne\\" and up-to-date ambulances in cuntrast to those of man) years ago, load ing devices, incl uding Lomas, Hurst's and Carter' ,i n terior anu exterior designs, stretchers, which coultl be adapteu to any required position, heating- arrangements, fitting!>, equipment, and many other items which combine to make an iut-al ambulance.

The discussion which followed \\ as \(:'r) intere ling, many members giving their experiences with their own am bulance sen·ices.

In reply to a question, :'Ilr. Lomas "ug-gcsted the follcn\'ing equipment for an acciucnt ambulance: two first aid outfits, double set of splints, a "Sparklet" or "0.'o\ ox" resuscitator, poison cabinet, saJ\'age equipment, 11(',\\ r jack, blocks, hack saws, saw, axe, and a goodearchlight.

?\lr. H. Langley Jones, a founder memher, Illlt "former" member as was stated last month, proposeu a yote of thanks to 1\1r. Lomas for his most interesting- and informative lecture. The speaker also emphasised the importance of ambulance drill. ;\1r. Liddell seconded and the proposition was carried unanimously.

There were many \ isitors presect, tho Pre!>ident, :'Ilr .•\. J. Bowman, welcoming Chief Fire Brigade Onicerc; L. Cah l) (Coulsdon and Purley), H. Coles (Homsey), J. C. TWl' eddale (Ilford), L. Smith (Wood Green), J. \. Breece (Engineers Dept., cot land Yard), \lr. H Luckton (Leicester S.J.A.A.), 1\lr. J. D. Rutter (GuiIJford), \1r. A. E. \\'iudicombe (A. R. P. Officer, Herts.), '\lesrs. T. E. Forbes anu T. I-I. Burgess (Ware).

lL was c nnounced that the annual general Illecting woulu be held on January 15th, 1937.

The First Chapter of the "Black Book."

A SHORT PAPER BY F . G. V..; A IT.

" WELL begun is half done," is an old but very true proverb. How many of us would settle down to read a book and miss tJe first chapter?

This chapter is the most important part of the book; by it the author introduces U S to his s ubj ect or descri bes the characters around whom he has written, and finally leads us to the finer points. Often it is not until we have read further into the book that we real ise that the first chapter was in itself full of the finer points

This applies to the little book we all know so wel l as the "Black Book," as much as to any other It lays down for the first aid student the very foundations of it principals and outlines the \\hol subject. Yet how many confessions have I heard that the first chapter has only been" skipped through very quickly," or even missed altogether! k a good many first aiders what is first aid, and the varied will be both interestin a and often amusing . I turn to the" New English Dictionary" and it tells me that "first aid is assistance rendered to an injured person before a doctor come ."

intelligent and efficient treatment. In other words, to make a sufficient diagnosis for the purpo se falling within the province of the first aid student.

2. To decide the character and ex tent 0/ the treatment to be given, and lastly ,). To apply the treatment most suited to the circumstances until professional help is available.

The book goes on to tell us to notice the position assumed by the patient (this should not be thou ght less ly altered) and if there is more than one patient we must so discriminate that the pressing needs of each will receive prompt attention . \Ve must look for signs; diligently and tactfully seek the symptoms and history.

\V hat is the difference between these important beari ngs on the case? Signs are those things which can be noted by the direct use of the five senses

1. Sight 2 Touch; 3. Smell; 4. Hearing; 5 Taste.

By the use of sight we see pallor or congestion.

\Ve may smell gas or " bitter almo nds 'J (as in prussic acid poisoning).

\Ve may hear the crack of a bone.

\Ve may taste a little of any substance that has been left, that may be thought the cause of some illness (a lth ough I have made this analogy to the sense of taste, it should never be practised).

The Lady Hospitallers' Club held its monthly meeting at Northampton lnstitute on Saturda) afternoon, o\ember 7th. Irs. George King- lecturing under the authority of the ,\linistry of Ag-riculture and Fisheries, an interesting address on "1\'ational Mark Produce: From CouIllrysitlc to Kitchen."

There was a feeling of sorrow cast 0\ er the meet ng when the President, Miss Tuck, regretfully announced to the members the sudden death, on Friday, :-';O\ cmber 6th, of :\lrs Oakes -J ones, the Vice-President. After this announcement the members stood in silence for two minutes, as a tribute to her memory.

The Club is open to all Officers of Nursing Divisions, who should apply for particulars to !\Irs. V. E. Woolford, 15, Tyrone Road, East Ham, E.6.

SOC I ALE V E N T S.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

A a lad in the B. L.B. I was taught first aid from a little red book, al1d I became very fond of the subject at an early age. I nell remember that on the top of the v ry first page was written : " First Aid is the emergency treatment in cases of accident or sudden illnc!>s, rendered by persons lrained, using materials at hand, pending the arrival of a doctor " I still prefer this definition of first aid, because it is simpler, and to my mind covers the ground more fully than does the "Black Book" which says : " First aid to the injured is a special branch of rractical medicine and surgery, by a knowledge of which trained persons arc enabled to afford skilled assistance in cases of accident and sudden illness.,'

You may rightly ask' \Vh at is the difference '? -each of these defin itions mean the sa me thing. " Perhaps they do, but if you read them again carefully, I think you will agree that my little red book g ives the fullest definition with the added words: " using mat e rials at hand, pending the a rrival of a d o ctor," both of which are import ant factors to the first aider.

Having satisfied ourselves as to what first aid really is, there are several things to think about before we start the treatment, and I have these marked in pencil in my "Black Book" as Three Essentials:

1. To dete1'nzine th e llaizwe of the case requiring attention as far as is necessary for

The" Three Essentials" marked in my book appear at the bottom of page 11 (being the first page of Chapter 1) and so proves how necessary it is to start making pencil notes and underlinings early to help in making a real study of the subject.

If you have not alrea d y started to do so, make notes the next time you read you r book. \Vrite down in your own wo rds how best it will help you to remember. (One call often remember what one has actually written better than what one has only read).

On the bottom of page 12 I have written " Symptons." \\ hat "sims to" the patient. This remark may not be grammatically correct, but its meaning is ne ve rtheless true, and helps me now to answer the question: what is the difference between these important" bearings on the case?"

Signs are those differences from the normal conditions that we see. Symptons are those sensations the patient feels. \Ve see swelling. The patient/eels pain.

In conjunction with the signs and symptons we have as a g uide the history. This may be obtained from the patient himself. He may be able to tell you that he is liable to some sudden ill ness; a bystander will tell yo u that he heard a scream and saw the patient fall. The sum total of the information gained by the signs, s y mptons history provides a solid basis for your diagnosis.

Next we come to cause and effect, and to the

1 HE LADY HO PIT.-\LLERS' CLl'B.

first aid student the doctrine that all things are due to the agency of a casual force, at once asserts i tsel f.

Cause we know to be the power immediately P roducin cr an effect, therefore zfwe know the cause, b it is obvious that we can draw a conclusIOn as to its probable effects. In our particular study however, we have to go a step further and bear in mind three important points :-

1. That a cause may have more than one effect. (Two or more injuries may result from one accident).

2. That the effects may be direct or indirect. A patient may as the result of heart weakness (direct effect). In falling the patient may further injure himself (indirect effect). But, most important of all :

3. The cause may still be active! (A rope round a man's neck will impede breathing as long as it re17zains there).

I once knew of a first-class competition team who did all that the judge wanted them to do, and would have dou btless won the trophy, but for the fact that not one of its members thought of removina the cause of the accident that was occupying I:> thei r atten tion-a piece of orange peel.

They had not obeyed that important lawRemove the patien t from the cause, or the cause from the patient.

1t is useless to try artificial respi ration in a gas-filled room with the gas still on !

A good first aider should possess the abtlltles of a aood detective; by using his powers of b observation and being able to record In hiS memory the importance of apparently small details surrounding the case, such as the sources oj danger: moving machinery, slippery objects, etc.

Possible (lues.-A broken ladder, escaping gas.

The Help Available.-Anybody at hand who is capable of assisting, and the importance of procuring professional assistance. (This needs tact and discretion).

The Appliances Available. - Here am reminded of my little red book again: "Using materials at hand." These may be in plenty, or nothing bu t the actual resources of the patient and helpers may be forthcoming.

The Shelter.- This, according to the circumstances, can be anything from a hospi tal to an um brella, or even an extra wrap.

Means of Transp01't A vaz'lable.-A twohanded seat is just as much a " means of transport" as an ambulance. The length of the journey, the patient's injuries, the nature of the ground over which we must pass; all these need consideration. What we have to do IS to carry the patient to some shelter, and make arrangements for proper after-care.

A I D.

Throughollt this short paper I have endeavoured to keep to the sequence of the Chapter we are dealing with, but here I want to pass on to the" Principals of First Aid" with which it closes. You will find there are twelve in all each of them vital in itself, yet complete as a whole. Vve are told that the directions given throughout the book are intended as a standard of treatment, but it may be sometimes impossible to carry out the exact treatment owing to the lack of appliances, or under some special circumstances. It is then necessary to " comply with the principals of treatment in the best manner consistent with those circumstances. "

One cannot fail to note the importance of these principals and I make no apology for direct reference to the book for these.

1. Death is not to be assu med because signs of life are absent. (Signs of life may often appear to be absent to the layman, but it is better to treat a dead body than to allow a living person to die fur want of first aid).

2. Remove the cause from the patient-or the patient from the cause. (\Ve have already noted the importance of this,)

3. Severe hcemorrhage must receive the first attention, no matter what are the other injuries. (I have a pencil note in my book with a query, as to whether asphyxia would countermand thIs.) Then the question arises would there be hcemorrhage of any severity while asphyxia is pres nt?

(A good point for debate I think.)

4. Air.-Fresh air is very necessary If the air passages are obstructed, these must be freed at once-and then the book tells us II if breathing has ceased prom pt measu res must be taken to resto re it."

5. Rest.-A restful pOSition of the body assists tht> vital functions. Support the injured part to prevent further (!he use of extra pillows is often overlooked In thIs respect.)

6. Warmth.-If you do nothing else but cover your patient warmly, you have done no harm, and you have always done some good. After any accident the patient's temperature is lowered, and the words" treat shock" may be as important as the initial treatment itself.

7. \iVhen the skin is broken the wou nd should be promptly covered. l!se a, clean for this. If the wound IS pOisoned It IS most Important to prevent the poison spreading through the system.

8. Po£sons swallowed should be got rid of, or, when this is inexpedien t, neutralised. (Chapter 12 on poisons goes into this very fully.)

9. The best means 0/ transport must be studied, and provision made for the proper after care of the patient.

10. Removal oj clothtng.-It is important to remember not to take off unnecessary clothing,

but it is useful to know that we should remove the coat from the sound s£de first. Shirt or vest slit down the front and remove as the coat. If it is necessary to cut off any of the clothing we should slit up the seams, if by doing so ,we can reach seat of the injury, rather than cut 111tO the material.

11. Stz'mulants.-M uch has been said on this subject, and what suits one person will not suit another. Apart from spirits (under which heading I have brandy for '( poisonous wounds" and ,( prussic acid poison i ng") there is to be found in every home a teapot and tea, if not coffee. We can;ot go far wrong on these providing, of that the patient is able to swallow and there IS no sian of hcemorrhage external or internal. I have first aiders use sal volatile indiscriminately, and personally favour this least of all. \Ve must not overlook that the application of smelling salts to the nostrils acts as a stimulant. (It took me a 10nO' time on one occasion to get a kindly old lady to from applying smellin a salts to the nostrils of a man who \\' as su[feri ng very defin itely from apoplexy.) Heat, being a torm of energy, may also be obtained by friction of the limbs.

12, Throughout his 7uork, the first az'd student must Oil 110 account take upon himself the duties and respollsi bi I ities of a doctor. Th is important sentenc sp aks for its If. \Vhen it is necessary to send for a doctor written particulars are safer than a v rhal message.

I hav alway felt that the II qualifications of a Erst aider " h;uld have closed the first chapter, as these would have been remembered easier at the end and would have embodied the whole.

'You will remem ber that there are eight of these, one for each point of the cross of St. John; and now, having gone over the first chapter, I submit them to you as a final note. Each point speaks for itself and needs no further comment here' as first aiders we should be observant, tactful, dexterous, explicit, discrimin::tting, persevering, and sympathetic.

Whichever of these virtues we may lack I feel that every first aider possesses the last of them, for what sends us out into the world to perform our good works, to all and sundry irrespective of creed or race, man, woman, or child, in time of need, but the sympathy in our hearts for those who have" fallen by the way."

A woman once said to me after an accident (' It was a mercy you men were here," and after all is not mercy the sister of charity?

The Table II of War Gases which appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to cc First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

Massage as a Profession.

MASSAGE as a therapeutic agent has progressed during the last few years in the most astonishing way and is now prescribed for conditions as far apart as pneumonia and diabetes.

The profession holds out a lucratIve and interesting career to enterprising and ambitious men and women, especially those who have acquired a knowledge of anatomy and physiology during their study of first aid

\Ve have recently had the opportunity of studying the methods of scientific training employed by the Smae Institute of Leatherhead. This Institute, which is, incidentally, the oldest established Massage Society in the country, has maintained a worthy standard for nearly 20 years, and has a remarkably \vell organized and highly qual ified staff to teach massage, man i pu lative therapy and medical electricity. The general qual i ty of the studen ts' papers, textbooks, charts and diagrams, proves conclusively that no effort has been spared to treat the su bjects ina con vi ncing manner which must appeal to all serious minded students.

Few, if any, training schools offer such postgraduate facilities as this Institute. An interesting example is the unique service which is available to all araduate members, who are at liberty to call b for "case sheets" on any conditIOn, Injury or disease which is treated by physiotherapy. These papers contain the etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of over a thousand various conditions and cover a wide range of disease.

Constant research keeps members in touch with the latest methods of treatment, which are published in the Institute's own journal, "The Physiotherapist. "

Any reader of FIRST AID desiring to enter the profitable field of Physiotherapy is advised to get in touch with the Smae Institute, whose advertisement appears on page 131.

VISIT TO INDIA.-The Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, Colonel J. L. Sleeman, c.B., C. l.G., C.B.E., 1.V.O., left England, on Friday, ovember 13th, on an inspectional tour of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas throughout India. He will also inspect in Burma, Ceylon, Singapore and Hong Kong. It will be remembered that he represented the Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, His Royal Highness The Duke of Connaught, KG., in a 52,000 mile tour of the Commanderies of the Order of St. John in Southern Africa and New Zealand, and the Establishments of the Order in Australia, Colombo and lalta during 1935-1936 ; a tour that fini hed in June and which earned the highest commendation of His Royal Highness Tho Duke of Connaught, K.G.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

No. 1. DISTRI CT, S.J.--\.B.

O\ving- to the Coronation of H. i\J. King Edward VII I taking pla:cc in ;\lay, t C)37, it ha been found necessary to put fonyard the date of Brigade Final Competitions, and, consequently, that for the tests to decide which teams shall represent the District thereat.

The "arious competitions for women members of No.1 District will therefore be held as under ;, ursing Bowl, Preliminary, Saturday, January 23rd, 1937, at 2.45 p.m.; Final, Saturday, February 13th, 1937, at 2.45 p.m.

1\1acRae Cup for Nursing Cadets, Saturday, January 30th, 1937, 2.45 p.m.

The District Finals will take place at the orthampton Institute, St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, E.C.1, on Saturday, February 27th, beginning at 2.15 p.m. This year the final of the Brook's Efficiency Competition will also be held at the orthampton Institute on February 27th.

0.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

COMPETITION AT BOURN Ei\IOUTH .-The annual competition for the Compton Cup, open to teams from Nursing Di\'is ions in Hampshire, was held at the Bournemouth Corps Headquarters on Saturday, October 17th. Sc\'en tcams competed.

This year's team test \"as judged by Dr. Morse. A maid was supposed to ha\'e had ar. epileptic fit, and fallen, cutting her head. Tlwre were also home nursing anel first a id bandaging tests. T,,'o Sisters from the Boscom be Hospital conducted the home nursing examination, and Dr. John judged the first aid bandaging.

The winner of the Cup was Meyrick A team, 197 marks, with Southbourne second, 194 marks.

Following the competition, Southbourne Nursing Di\'ision entertained the competitors and "isitors to tea.

Among those present were A. Tennyson Smith, C. 1\1. D., County Commi!"sioner, and Lady District Officer 1\1 rs. Ha

V.A. D. INSPECTION AT PARKSTONE.-On Wednesday evening, October 21st, the St. ] ohn Ambulance Hall, Parkstone, presented a scene not unlike that in a war-time hospital, when V.A. D. Dorset SO, under Commandant Mrs. G. Candy, and V.A D. Dorset 100, und e r Commandant Miss L. Lever, were inspected by Lieut-Col. G. Benson, and Lieut.Col. P. Woodward.

An air lock, as a precaution against a gas attack, was fitted in the entrance to the hall, while a display of different types of first aid was giYen by the members of the detachments.

Lieut.-Col. Benson said the members were well up to standard in their work. He stressed the necessity for qualifying for mobile membership of the V.A.D., as in the event of war, trained nurses would have to be called up from the hospitals, and mobile memhers would take their places.

o

3 DISTRICT, S lA.B.

COMPETITION AT COVENTRY. - Dr. R. H. D . Laverty judged the team test and Corps Supt. W. A. Jennings the viva voce at a competition for ursing Cadets held at the Coventry Ambulance Hall on Saturday, October 10th,

Foleshill Senior Cadet won first place and the Kalker Cup with 171 marks. IIolbrooks were econd with 152-1 marks, and City of Co\' ntrr third with I S1 §.

of DISTRJ T, S.J..\. B. E:-"CIIANGE NURSING Dl\ ISJON, LI\ 'ERI'OO I CORI'S. .-\ happy e\'ening was spent hy members and their friend at Divisional Headquarters on Tue day, October 13th. The Commissioner, \\'. G. Smith, Esq., O. B. E., attended, and presented awards gained during- the past year. He also handed the Sih'er Cup for IIome Nursing-, compcted for a nnually by memhers of the Division, to .-\mbulance Sisll'r

E. Lythgoe, the former holder, Ambulance Siskr D. Phillip, receiving- a small trophy in its place. Lad) orps upl. Dr. Margaret Joyce a ked the Lady Di..... up\.:'1[ rs. ] ones tl) accept a mall gift from the of the J)i\ in appreciation of her ef\'ice. Both these ladiesubsequently "'ere the recipients of bouquet of carnations. Refreshments and dancing brought the e\'e ning to a close.

This is a comparati\'ely new Di\ ision, ha\ ing heen formed in 1934, but it alread) ha a member-,hip of o\er forty, t\\'enty-six of whom hold th e Re e;uscitat ion Certificate of the Royal Life aving ocicly.

PRESTO' ;\l 'RSl t'-:G DI\'ISIO:-:, PRESTO," CORI'S. Dr.:'.1.

A. Gla s presided al a presentation of awards and certiflcales, gained by members of the Division, last month.

1\lrs. Riddle, Pr esi dent of the Division, congratulated them on the number of awards gained, which included forty-t\\o Air Raid Precaution Certincales t\\'cnt)-one certIficates for Grade 2 Instru cto rs in .-\ir Raiel

She also r efe rred to the lo ss they had all su taincd by the death of the Corps' Presid ent, ,\V. \\'. Gallowa), a true friend to all in the Preston orps.

Besides service chevrons and certificates, 1\lr:-.. Riddell pn::>se nted Servi ce l\ledals to Lady Supt. l\li..,s 1'11. E . llen, Co-Operative ursing Di\' ision Ambulance. islers E. E. Pye and H. Leigh, Co-Operative i'ur ing Division. . \1 0 hars to Sen ice l\Iedals to Lady Ambulance Oflicer 1\[is:-. 1\[. Pearson, Preston" A )\ ;\ursing- Division; Ambulance Sist r D. Ainsworth, High School Nursing Division.

No.5 DISTRICT, S.].A.B.

V.A. D. INSPECTION AT LElws.-At the inspection of V.A.D. 198, formed from members of the Burley and Kirkstall Nursing Division, held at the Y. i\1. C.l\.., Leed, on October 22nd, Major Sno\v -was the Inspecting Officer on hehalf of the War Office. He was accompanied by BrigadierGeneral Sandys, C. B., C. M. G., County Controller for the \Vest Riding, Mrs. Kitson and i\Irs. Geldard.

A combined Clearing and First Aid Station for gas and other casualties had been formed by dividing up a large room. Thanks to the members, the various sect ions were fully equipped with necessities, including air l ocks, bins for contaminated clothing, a shower bath, clean clothing, and identity discs.

Besides nursing- members, there was a door-keeper, motor drivers and clerks on duty. Twenty casualties were brought in on stretchers and by other methods, and at once received attention from the nurses. The work was examined by Major Snow.

The visitors were very nterested in models showing a c bild with fractured an11 and eyes arrected by mustard gas, and also in Air Raid Precautions for animals.

Gcneral Sandys expressed himself rleased with the administration of the detachment, and with the ","ark as a whole.

INSPECTION AT RIPON. - The annual 101l1t insrection of Ripon V.A.D. and the Ripon and Kirkb't Malzeard

Di\ isions was held at the Drill Ihtll, Ripon, on Saturday, October 10th. :'.Iajor A. R Ross, R .. \.:\1. c., inspected on behalf of the War OOlce, accompanied by Brigadier-General \\'. Sandys, County Controller for the West Riding; and Dr. E. II. Lodge, S.J .•-\. B., County urgeon, l\liss Atkinson, \s i tant County Controller, :\lrs. Dalton, Vice-President, and '-lIre;. Sandys were also present.

The detachment paraded under 1\1 iss 1\1. E. Herdman, the Commandant; Rip o n ;\urr"ing Di\ ision under 1\liss L. IIerelman, and Kirkby \lalzeard Di\'is ion (winners of the :\Iounl!.;arn:l Cup), under '\Irs. II. E. Horton.

Dr. E. II. Lodg-e presentt:d en'ice ;\I e dals for 15 years' enicipnt sen-ice in till' 8rig-ade to :'Iliss \1. Hunter, i\liss \. Jennings and Troller; and the Bar to the en icc 0Iedal to I[ iss ;,,}. Bairslo\\'.

;\0. 7 S.]..--\. B.

;\l 'I{SI:\'(; DJ\ ISIO'. The Hopton" Cup, pre:-.entcd by :\Irs. E. IIopton (1f JIampton for thl' fir..,t time lOl1lpeteli for teams from the Di\ ision on Thursda\. Oct oher 22nd.

Thl';c were four entrie and the jlldg-ing wa undertaken b\ Dr. (, D. Tulli s and II r. B. G. Scholcfield. The patient 'in till.' kam test hhd to be treated for apoplexy, injury in the reg inn of the tC'lllple, and fractured ankle. The cup, and the medal. g-i\'l'n by the 111 rp"/ord Times, \\ ere presenkd to IIerdord I. C ,. tl.!am, the \\ inner, by Col. Sleeman, C.B .. e.:'.l.G, e.n.E., \1.V .O., Chief Comllli of he Brig-aelL' O\er"eas. H e congratu lated all the mcmher ... their sharL in the wondertul w or k of the Order \\'h ich hI.! had "cen all O\ er the world. He also thanked the judg-cs.

Dr. Tullis saiel he \\'a s agreL abl) surprised at the calm war in \\ hi c h the tcrrms carrieJ out their work, co nsideringthat some of them were new to cl)l1lpctitions. He r cm inded the competitors of the ug-linc s of granny knots and hm\ us eless 1011" handa<res wcre

Mr. the standard in the indi\'idual tests to be \'ery good. But the competitors followed the book word for word, and did not u e their 0\\,11 intelligence. Ile had noticed the same tendency in practice. He had also found that no on knew on which side of the ankle the tibula and fibula came.

Those \\'ho saw the competition included the Dean of Herf'ford, \\'ho kindly took the chair, the layoress (Miss Lily JamE'), Irs Cnderwood, !\Irs. Hopton, Dr. l\lac Gregor and Dr. Bulman.

No. 8 DISTHI T, S.J.A. B.

HOVE URSING DI\'ISION .-The Annual Inspection of the Hove ursing and Nursing Cadet Divisions was held on Thursday evening, October 15th, in the Crypt of St. Agnes' Cburch, Hove. Commissioner E. A. Ricbal-ds conducted the inspection and saw a demonstration of drill, bandaging and stretcher work.

In a few words at the conclusion, he congratulated the Division on the standard of their work. \Vhile there were a few rough edges that could be smoothed off, there \vas a m.arked improvement, and progress had undoubtedly been made. The great joy of service was adequate repayment for the time they gave to the Bril5ade.

Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser accompanied the

Commissioner at the inspection. There were also present Miss A Field Comber, late Lady Div. Supt., and Mr. Noble, Superintendent of the l\mbulance Division.

The Hove Divisional Headquarters were temporarily transformed into a hospital ward on the afternoon of Saturday, October 31st, the occasion of the annual V. A. D. inspection. There were five patients, members of the Nursing Cadet Division, one of whom was supposed to be suffering from diabetes, one from pneumonia, another from jaundice, a fourth from cardiac trouble, alld the fifth from a badly fractured leg.

Major S. O. Dolan, R. A. C Rayal Herbert Hospital, \\'oolwich, conducted the inspection, assisted by Col. H E. \Veekes, O. B. E., County Director and Controller.

An up-to-date feature of the demonstration ,,,as the decontamination station for the victims of a gas attack. i\1l the precautionary mea ures necessary for the treatment of the cases were indicated. A nurse, clad in protective clothing, was in charge.

A _ case of scarlet fever, isolated in a room above, and first aid treatment to a casualty concluded the display.

The COlllmandant, 01rs. Humphrey, was in charge of the parade, assisted by Nursing Officer Sister \Vorseldine Clnd Quarterma ter ;\liss Fra er.

The Inspecting Officer was pleased with all he saw and congratulated the members on their efficiency.

RAi\JSGATE V.A.D. IKSPECTION.-A large number or people were interested spectators at the V .•-\. D. inspection carried out by :'Ilajor Da\'idson at the High-street, Drill Hall, on Tuesday, October 24tb. Among them were Lieut.,Col. Pre Oliver, County Controller of V.A. D., Lady District Supt. 1\lrs. Falwa ser, Alderman H. Stead (Mayor of Ramsgate), F. Butler (Chief Constable), :'I1rs. Butler, 1\lrs. Dye, and :'IIr. J. S. G. Langley.

:'IIajor Davidson began by the detachment on parade under Commandant Blinko. Next be inspected their treatment of cases needing first aid, bandaging and massage, and also the im'alid diet and medical appliances sections. He aften\'ards examined the nurses orally.

The treatment of a drowning bather, including the use of the" ): O\ OX " oxygen apparalu , was well carried out, but perhaps the most spectacular display of the afternoon was the" air raid. "

I n one corner of the ball a realisti c model of a wrecked house had been erected, " hilst in the centre of the Boor ,,'as a full-sized model of a first aid station with an air lock leading from the street.

,\Vith a terrific crash a bomb burst on the building, and flames shot up from amongst the ruins. Into the street taggered an inj.1red man, groaning, fighting for breath owing to the eRects of poison gas. In another part of the street a girl fell screaming to the ground.

As the injured man collapsed, nurses wearing gas masks and carrying first aid equipment marched through the air lock. The man's mask was adjusted, his cuts dressed, hi fractured limb splinted and he was carried carefully into the station. The girl, who was more panicstricken than hurt, was fitted with a mask and assisted to the decontaminating section. All c.ontaminated clothing was removed from the patients, the man's injuries were redres ed and he was put to bed.

Addressing the detachment after the tests, Major Davidson said; "As a \Var Office representative, I should l ike to cong-ratulate you all upon the extremely fine demonstrations this afternoon. From the mobilisation point of "iew I should ha\'e absolute confidence in staffing any army hospital \\'ith your detachment." He had been greatly impressed by the practical demonstrations that had bf'en given, especially with the gas cases The use of gas masks was one of the main things they had to teach the general pub ic.

Col. Pye Oliver added his praise. and pointed out that the Ram l{ate detachment was No.2 in the county, and h ad an hunoured tradition behind it. He had a l ways felt that Thanet was quite a centre of V A.D. and St. John Ambulance Brigade work.

No. 10 DISTRI T, S.J.A.B.

IrS\\'ICH NURSING CORPs -A large gathering of past and present members met at the Crown and Anchor Hotel, on October 2 th, to celebrate the twenty-first birthday of the Ipswich N ur ing Corps.

The chair was taken by Lady Corps Supt. Miss Hossack, and others present includ ed the District Commissioner :\[ajor Hossack. who was the first Corp Surgeon; Corp Surg-eon Dr. Weiner, l\liss Hagger. A. R. R.C., a former Lady Corps Superintendent, and other past and present CoriJ and Divisional Officers.

After the loyal toast had been honoured, the Lady Corps Supt. g-ave the toast of the Brigade, coupled with the name of their first Corps Surgeon, who "vas their present Commissioner. She mentioned that the Ipswich ursing Division was formed in 1893, but, owing to its growth, it was reorganised in October 1915, three divisions being formed of its members and called the Ipswich ursing Corps. They now had another section and a Nursing Cadet Division.

Among early public duties performed was that of the Coronation in 1902. when the surgeon and three officers went to London. During the war the surgeon, Dr. Hossack, was the 6rst medical man to go overseas from that town, and he was followed in October, 191 f, by two V.A D.'s from the DIvision. Another V.A.D., Miss \Voolnough, who was with them that evening, was mentioned in despatches while in France.

In reply, the Commissioner reminded the members that they must not glory in the past only, work had to be done no'w and an example set to those who would follow them. He cong-ratulated them on the number that held the A. R. P. certificates and expressed his best wishes for their future success.

THINGS SEEN--

At a recent inspection the inspecting officer wore a striped shirt, the cuffs of which were showing below his coat sleeves.

During another inspection an officer was wearing yellow coloured gloves instead of the regulation brown tan.

At a recent meeting convened to call attention to the need for a St. John Division in the district, the Chairman fainted thereby giving a practical demonstration of the necessity for an ambulance unit.

AND HEARD.

Ten thousand men and nurses of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade will line the route of the Coronation procession-and the services they provide will cost the taxpayer nothingMajor Darvil Smith (S.J .A. B. Secretary).

" If it had not been for them there might ha ve been more than one decease. " - Nuneaton Coroner on work performed by S.].A.B. members.

Of an officer who, on arrival at his destination, was preparing to change into uniform when he fo u nd he had forgotten to pack his trousers! A local officer of similar girth came to the rescue, so all was well.

Colliery Ambul : nce News.

CANNOCK AND LEACROFT COLLIERY AMBULANCE SOCIETY.

The annual compet ition of the above Society \\'as held recently, seven teams competing.

Judging was in the capable hands of Dr. D. T. l\lcAlI1sh and l essrs . S. Davies, A. E. Payton and W. Greenfield. Councillor Jonathan Hunter (managing director) presented the prizes and expressed hig-h appreciation of the men's interest in the work. He also spoke of successes O'ained in mines rescues activities and mentioned 1hat among tile trophies on view was the Coal Owner' Challenge Cup won by Cannock and Leacroft.

The result was 1st. '0. 3 team, 200 ; 2nd 0, 6 team, 192 ; 3rd, No.7 team, 171. Individual oral test, P. Guy.

DURHAM, CLEVELAND A 0 WEST1\IORLAND DISTRICTS LEAGUE.

The Committee responsible for the annual competitions of the above leagu e are anxious that the number of teams competing- will show a substantial increase over previou year. when 78 entries were ;eceiv.ed. .1\lr. T. Greenland Da vies, H. M Inspector of MlI1es. IS chaLrman, :\1r. Georg-e Watkin, of Murton. being secretary. ;\lr \\'atkin is wellknown in the ambulance world. haying completed 52 years of voluntary service to the movement, and he has been secretary of the Leagu e for 14 year

The two trophies competed for are the" Donald Bain" and" Elizabeth Bain " Shields, the fLlrIner for teams of senior men and the latter for teams of junior men who have not previously competed in any of the senior competition. Di visional competitions are held at \'ariou centre and the dates fixed a r e as follo\\ s.

" Donald Bain" Shield Divi ional competitions, January 23rd 1937. "Elizabeth Bain" Shield Di\'isional competition;. February 6th. 1937. The final of both competition ' will be held at Durham. on Saturday, February 20th. Teams wishing to enter should make early application to Mr. George vVatkin, Hon. Secretary, Park View, :'\lurton, Co. Durham.

Extensions to the headquarters of the hepshed . }. A. A. were opened on Saturd ay, November 7th. by Dr. H. :\1. Foston. County Commissioner G. F. Browne and Dr. T Bell were the larg-e gathering.

T wenty-two teams competed in the annual compelit ions of the Bolsover S.J.A. B. "Raynor" Cup contest. Sheepbridp'e and District were first. with Ireland Colliery No.1 and Wath fain No.1 third. Dr.]. B. 1cKay was the judge.

After a lapse of 14 yea r s. the Vickers-Armstrongs-Armstrong, Whitworth Corps, S.J.A.B., has revived its interdivisional s hi eld competition Riversid e Division, attached to Elswick Worl{S, were successful, with Close Works Division runners-up.

The annual competitions of the Beccles Divisions, S.}. A. B., was held on October 23rd, with the following results :-" Tedder" Cup, for nurses, Miss D. Hamby first, Mrs. C. Bennett runner-up. " Copeman" Cup, for men, Mr R. Elliott, first, Mr. C. Bennett, runner-up.

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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Qu eries will be dealt wi h under the following rules:[. - Le tt er s co n ta in in g Q uerie s must b e m a rk ed o n th e to p le ft ha nd c orn er o f the envel o pe " Q uery, " a nd a ddressed -FIRsT A D 4 6, C an n on-s t ree , L o nd o D, E. C. 4.

2. - All Q uer ie s m ust b e a cc om panie d by a " Que ry Co up on " cut fr om th e cu rre nt ssue o t th e Jou rn al, o r, n cas e o f Q uer ies from ab r oad , from a r e ce nt issue.

Te xt b ook to whi c h r et e rence may be made in this column is t he 38th 1I928 ) Editio n of S .J .A.A. M anual of F i r st A i d.

POISONING BY CALCIU:\1 CARBIDE.

E. H. (Dartford).-A discussion has arisen between two of us, both members of the Brig-ade, as to what would happen if a person swallowed a quantity of Calcium Carbide from a lamp. 'Would the patient become asphyxiated? \\ hat would the treatment be? Your reply on this point will be greatly appeciated.

If a person s\\'allowed a piece of Calcium Carbide, acetylene gas would be formed; and this would give signs and symptoms similar to those associated with poisoning by Carbon Monoxide. Carbide Poisoning, hO''''ever, is so rare that no one seems to have had occasion to deal with such a case. In the January 1931 issue of FIRST Am, hOI.\'ever, we published a letter from Dr. J. \V. Loos of the University of Leiden, HoIland. I n it he told us that he once had to treat a child '",ho had swallowed a piece of Calcium Carbide. He, therefore. advised first aiders to administer glycerine or alcohol in large quantities and to remove this from the stomach without the use of water which would set free acetylene gas, a very potent poison. In such an emergency, while waiting for til€' glycerine or alcohol, I would tickle the patient's throat with my t\,vo fingers and hope that thereby I would make him vomit.

The treatment of Carbide Poisoning was much discussed in these columns from May 1929 to ovember 1933, since when there has been silence. Now I am wondering who started it again in Dartford and in Maida Hill.-N CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATlON HOWLER.

L. R. (Charlton Park).-In a recent examination a candidate was asked to define a splint; and she replied- "A spl£nt is anything wlziclz flexes a fracture.l" The surgeonexaminer asked her if she knew what" Aexes " meant. Being re-assured on this point, the examiner merely said-" Very well.l" When the results were published, it was found that these had gone very ill for this candidate! !

Good! Next, please !

BICARBONATE OF SODA.

H. B. (Swindon).-I find that many students of first aid confuse the term "baking- soda" used on p. 128 of the Textbook with "baking powder." I n these circumstances suggest substitution in the next issue of the term" bicarbonate of soda," a term which is unde r stoo d by all.

Your suggestion is du l y noted and approved -N.C. F

WOUND OF ABDOl\JINAL "VALL.

"V. J. (Carnarvon). -Yo u r rep y to the query p u b lisbed in the Octobe r iss u e of FIRST AID was 1110 t interest i ng a n d instr u ctive Now I shou ld l ike to ask another question on the same point. The Textbook (p. 124) gives u s t h e treatment fu ll y when &c., are readi ly available for t h is condition. How should a first aider render treatment to such a case on a stormy day in a slate quarry when no dress ings are available and the hospital is ituated two mi les aW::lY ?

T he circumstances named wou ld give free p lay to the " resourcefu lness" (p 16) of the first aider who would have to act in accordance with the instructions laid dO " 'n in R ule (d) on p. 15 of the Textbook. Incidentally, I have sever;;!1 times read of an ambulance man sacrificing- his shirt for a patient for the purpose of imprO\·j ing amI dressings . I hope, however, that the aid 5hirl was a clean one !-:\T. C. F.

PERFORI\IAI\CE OF ARTIFICI /\L RESPIRATIO N

H. B. (Swindon). -1 understand that a new dition of Firs!

Aid to the Injured is in contemplation; and I tru t that it will not be considered pre ul11ptious on my part if 1 venture to suggest one or two points in connection therewith for your consideration.

You will no doubt remember m)' writing you a a description of two varying methods of pl!rforllling- the St. John Prone Pressure method of artificial respiration which obtained among first aiders in thi and asking the favour of your decision a to whith was correct. The two method and your decision were established in the [\ l arch, 1936, is ue of FIRST AID.

Those, however, who h::ld practised the incorr ct method continue to do so, cLlnsidering the wording of pp. 143-5 of First ,4 z"d 10 111(' ju tilies them in so doing. Others, who follow the method, ,, hich has your approval, are equallr confident Ihat the Textbook justifies their course.

This seems to show that the pre cnt wording i capable of two interpretations; and I am assured that it is differently interpreted in other di tricts al o. This is probably due to economy in words in order to a\'oid too large a text book; and 1 venture to suggest that the position be clarified by introducing a few additional words which ,,·ould obviate, or at least reduce, the probabi lity of misconstruction in so \ ital a maller.

May I, in due deference, make the following suggestions :-

After the word in the last line on page 143 delete the rema inder of clause (a) and substitute"lean forward slowly, occupying three seconds in doing so, thus g-radually increasing the pressure on the lower pa r t of the patient's chest until the maximum pressure (straight downward) is reached at the third second, thus driving air out and producing expiration."

Fo r clause (b) substitute-" \Vithout pausing-, draw your body back to the retired position, occupying two seconds in d o ing so, thus relaxing the pressure gradual y . D o not remove your hands. This produces inspiration. "

C lause (c):-After "minute" add" the rate wi ll, of cou r se, d etermine the length of the term 'second' in clauses (a) and (b) "

May I say that the need for clarifying is emphas ised by the fact that even doctors are puzz e d , and whe n acting as j u dges in ambulance compet itions give full marks fo r both methods?

I n v iew of fata li ties reported in the press a n d stated by co r o n ers at the inquests as d u e to crus hin g of in te rn a l organs by excess i ve press u re in a p p l icat ion o f artificia

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respiration, you are no doubt considering the ad\ isability of g-i\'ing- ome indication aq to the amount of pressure to be used, I believe Dr, Schafer recommendt'd "about 60 I\..,s, " for an adult patient.

Your admirable criticism of the method of artificial respiration as pres nted in the Textbook is published becau,se, until the revised issue appear, it merits the careful attentlOn of all intere ted in fir t aid, It is, however, an open secret that in the next edition of the Textbook the original Schafer lethod will be restored and \\'ill replace the St. ] ohn Method; and that in this matter the Association and the Royal Life aving Society will present identical instructions. Incidentally, ha\'e never heard of fatalities being- caused by first aiders (or being debited against them ever_in courts) as the result of their performance of artihcial respIration, Your statempnt that some lay readers of FIR T .-\10 deliberately ignore my rulings on \'ariou points is well kno\\ n to me, becau e in my wanderings up and down ,the country 1 have se\'eral times been told to m)' face by hrst aiders that they always read my answers even though they continue to with them. Perhaps these artless individuals wondered why I smiled when they tohl me so \\' ere they heartless? I do not know; but 1 still smile as I write !- T.C.F.

POSITION OF HA 'OS TN ARTIFICIAL RESPIR.ATION.

].". (Romford),-I am writing on behalf of some of the members of the Dagenham Division, S.lA, B., to ask your ruling on the method of applyi?g Sch afer's Artificial respiration. One member 10 partIcular asserts that the method has been changed. He says that, instead of placing your hands over the lower ribs as in the Textbook you place your hands over the patient's shoulder blades and press down hard \Vill you please let us know which is the right course to adopt?

Your member is mlxmg up his methods; and he is thinking of the Holgar Neilsen Method ""hich was first des c ribed in the May, 1935, issue of FIRST AID, and whi:.:h teaches hat must be made on the shoulder bladf's. The method des c ribed in the Textbook is known as the St. lorn Prone Pressure 1ethod and requires pressure to be made on the lon'er ribs, the operator's hands being so placed that the tips of his just touch the lower angles of the shoulder blades. In the Schafer Method pressure is made on the loins and is exerted mainly in the space between the 10'Nest ribs and the crests of the iliac (or haunch) bones.

For all examinations and competitions conducted on the authority of the Textbook, the St. ] ohn Method must be practised, even though it is now almost universally agreed at home and overseas that the Schafer 1ethod gives the best results and approximates most nearly to natural breathing.-N. C. F.

FIRST AID FOR BURNS.

P,B. (Rotherham).-The question of how best to render first aid in cases of severe burns was recently raised at an inquest; and the coroner supported the suggestion of a house-su rgeon that, in his opinion, the best thing to do \vas to wrap the victim up warmly and to send him (or her) as quickly possible to the hospital. We shall be grateful for your observations on the newspaper cutting which I enclose.

I t seems to me that the house-surgeon was gi ving advice to people who, being untrained in first aid, often act strangely

in such mergencics. To those who have been trained, however, 1 give the adv ice to fo l low the instructions set out in the Textbook, especially with reff'rence to the treatment of Shock. In such ca e it often pays to delay the removal to hospita l for a brief period until he (or she) shows signs of responding to such treatment. After all, with severe burns it is the Shock which usually kill the patienl.- .C.F.

TREATMENT OF CARBIDE POlO ING.

D. W (l\laida Hi ll ). - Being a fir t aider I was asked the following question :_CI \Vhat would you do if )OU were called to a person who had taken Calcium Carbide, medical aid not being readily a\'ailable? "

Knowing the eITect of water on the above substance I replied that I should gi\'e the patient olive oil, alad oil, or medicinal paraffin whichever was available and then try to make the patient vomit by putting- two fingers to the back of the throal. Your observatinns on the above question and an wer will be g'reatl) appreciated.

In view of the rarity of cases of Carbide Poi oning and of the absence of definite in tructions as tCl treatlllent in the Textbook, I consider that your answer was to be commended. Nevertheless refer you to the answer on this matter previously given to another correspondent in thi issu - F.

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IDEAL HEALTH

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SICK BERTH STAFF

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INFLAMATION

HAEMORRHAGE

WOUNDS

FRACTURES AND DrLOCATIONS

POISO S

GENERAL 1 URsr G BANDAGING

FEVERS

GENERAL DISEASES

ANAE THETICS

PHARCIIACY AND DrSPEN-

ASPHYXIA SI G

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THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B M.R.C.S. "As a work of ref e ren ce, the book will be excremely useful and shou ld be in the library o f all ambulance workers. "-F IRS T AID. Pl'lce, 3

T GOODING. Wi th P reface by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. '1. net post free. A CATECHI"M OF AIR RAID PRECA UTTONS

Que!'tions and Answers in Air P aid Precautions. the Protecrion of the Civil Popuh.tion in Chemical Warfare. Firc:t Aid. and Nursing of" Gas" By NORMAN HAMMER, M.R.e.S.

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A booklet to aid those Interested In Ambulance and Stretcher Work Pl'lce 2d. each, post tree. Plrst Aid," 6, Cannon Street, London, E C FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

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The dietetic value of Oxo IS recognised as bemg superior to home ... made beef... tea. Readil) digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUickly and easily prepared .

IlaT AID

:Jnbeptnhtnf Journal for tl)e an6 3aul"sing

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID Is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestio ns for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at I he address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily tor fJublication) by the nam e and address of the Correspondent.

The Perfect Fluid Diet

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD ., 46, CANNON STREKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 elegraphic Address-" Twenty-jour, London. Telephont-City 37IO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

EOITORIAL ;-

Greetings

t. John .\mbulance Association

Fittings.

The most up-to-date and scientific in the world.

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR

( Pat. No. 380963).

Th5s new patent Ambulance Gear offers many unIque advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter.

The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified

Street, London, W.I.

for an y new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.

wh ic h is free for the ask· ing, describes this Patent Stretcher ElevatlOg Gear, which is a triumph i n compactness and scient ific design,and the whole range of Ambulance FurOlture and FIttIngs.

Extracts from the 1anual of Instruction for the Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff

S.] .A. B. Headquarters and District Reports Reviews

The Hospitallers' Club

Priory for \V ales

S.] A. B. Overseas

Coming Events

Police Ambulance News

l\lemorial to the late I iss Hoare

Detailed Marking Sheet No. 49

Railway Ambulance News

Colliery Ambulance News

Our Nurses' Pages

Home Service Ambulance Committee

Public Health Congress and Exhibition

Ambulance News Cutting-s from the Press

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS ;-

Treatment of Fractured Jaw

Examination Howler

Suffocation During Sleep

Use of Petrol for Wounds ..

Treatment of Fractured Pat ella

Fracture of Both Legs

Humour in First Aid

Treatment of Burn s

Treatment of Sprained Ankle

EDITORIAL.

We extend to our readers

GREETINGS. at home and abroad our cordial greetings for the Festive Season and best wishes for health, happiness and prosperity during I937. To members of the Medical Profession who so largely contribute to the success of this Journal, we take this opportunity of saying " Thank you for your help in the past and we look forward to your continued assistance in the future."

The present year has been one of continued and expanded activities. During 1935 we had the Jubilee celebrations to contend with, but 1936 saw an even greater, and a very much sadder, duty which had to be covered. \TV e refer to the funeral of His Late Majesty King George V. Not only on the actual funeral day but during the days of lying-in-state marvellous voluntary work was undertaken by first aiders. Air raid precautions also have been the cause of extra study. This subject is now well to the fore and already some 40,000 members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and many thousands of British Red Cross Society members are holders of A. R. P. certificates. In spite of these extra duties and increased study the usual duties at numerous functions have been carried out with the efficiency which is the keynote of the voluntary ambulance worker.

In regard to ourselves we shall not rest content on the kind letters it has been our pleasure to receive from readers all over the world. l\lany have expressed their appreciation for the educational contents in each issue and for these expressions of satisfaction we say " Thank you." It will be our aim to make FIRST AID an even more indispensable Journal to those whose vol untary services we so much admire.

Whatever the Chassis .,J" " use Carters' Ambulance iIIl

And so we close this year with the good old fashioned wish--

St. John Ambulance Association

OXFORD.

Dr. \V. E Audland presided at the annual meeting of the Oxfordshire County Centre, supported by Lieut. -Col. H. F. N. Jourdain (hon. treasurer) and Mr. H. Hinds (hon. secretary).

Marked progress was made during the past year and, according to the annual report, the number of awards !:{ained being nearly 100 oyer the previous year. A special class ,vas again held for the Oxford City Police and the ounty Constabulary.

The chairman said the report was a matter for congratulation, and he paid tribute to the work of 1\[r. Hind. SHEFFIELD.

The annual dinner of the ambulance class of the English Steel Corporation Ltd., was held on Saturday, November 21st.

1\1r. A. B. 'Winder, managing director, presided, and after referring to the increased progress of the firm, paid tribute to the sen ice being rendered to the firm bv the ambulance class under their hon. secretary, Mr. James H. Laing.

Mr. Basil Gray (Supt., Grimesthorpe Works) suggested that something should be done to reduce the number of minor accidents in the works. At Grimesthorpe 3,000 accidents, mostly of a minor nature, were treated in the year.

Dr. J. Eric Stacey paid tribute to the work of the ambulance class, stating that for the actual first-aid treatment of a works' accident the advice may be better from a doctor, but the application of the dressing and splint is better done by an ambulance man than by a doctor.

Ir. J. H. Laing, in his annual report for the year ended October 31st, said the personnel of the ambulance class now numbered 103. Cases including redressing , numbered 31,514. The subject of the protection from poison gas during air raids had been taken up, but little progress, as yet, had been made. The class was now in its 50th year and would attain its Jubilee in August, 1937.

The following competition prizes and trophies were presented by Mr. A. B. Winder.

Individual: Elementary Section.-1, T. E. Eyre; 2, J. Green; 3, J. Freeman.

Advanced Section.-1 , J. H. Bedford; runner-up, VV. Pinder.

Special Advanced Section.-1, J. Pearce; runner-up, A Giles.

Team (departmental).-1, Grimesthorpe (S. Vawser, captain) 2, Maintenance Dept. (A. Giles, captain). " Douglas Vickers" Shield.-1, A. Gile!:>' team; 2, W. Pinder's team.

vVELLI GTON, NEW ZEAL.--\. , D.

.\ccording to the annual report of the Wellington Centre, 29 first aid, 7 home nursing', 14 preliminary first

aid, 5 preliminary home nursing, 3, preliminary hygiene and -+ cooking classes were held, an increase of eleven over the previous year. Eight hundred canuidates qualified, this bing an increase of 201. An excellent result indeed.

Railway ambulance work is increasing and first Rid posts suggested to the vVellington Automobile Association.

A a result of broadcast talks the work of the Association has become better known, and the ledical Comfort. Depot cuntinues to grow.

The training in anti-gas measures is recei\ ing attention and s.ince the issue of the report, instructions have commenced

The Blnod Tranfusion ervice is under the auspices (1f the As ociation and continues to give excellent services to the various hospitals in the City and suburbs.

Co-operation with the Police Department also continues with satisfactory results.

The Visitation of Col. J. L. Sleeman is also referred to together with other items of interests.

An interesting item is the number of certificates gained since the formation of the Centre in 1885. These include 7,405 first aid and 100 home nursing by men, and ,221 orst aid, +,212 home nursing and 2+ home hygiene by nur es. I n addition Junior awards, in three years, number over 700.

The report concludes with review of reports from ubcentres, all of which give e\'idence of incr a ing- acti\ ity.

THINGS SE E N--

At a recent Investiture it was noticed that an olllcer \\"a wearing a soft collar and no medals, only ribbon

A competitor applying pressure on the brachial artery, to stop hccmorrhage from palm of hand, after ha\ ing diagnosed a fracture of the humerus.

An officer going on duty and ackno\\'ledging whilst still continuing to pu,lr at a cigarette in hi mouth.

A N D HEARD .

That at the recent disastrous fire at the Crystal Palace, the NOf\yood and Crystal Palace Divi ion, S.J.A. B., were fortunate in that their headquarters escaped damage. L'nfortunately the 5 ur ing Division were less fortunate and lost all their possessions.

That a District Officer in a certain district is being taken to task for making footling criticisms about his superior officers.

" 1 am often asked how members manage to get time orf to do public duties, and frankly I have to say I do not know. " - Sir ] ohn Duncan, Chief Commissioner, S.J. A. B.

" First aid is a most important thing, and every member of the Force should make himself proficient. "-Sir H u gh Turnbull, Commissioner, City of London Police.

The Table II of War Gases w hich appeared in o ur August, 1935 i s su e, can b e had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/- per 50 , post fr ee . Applicat ion s should b e sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid ," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C'4.

Extracts from the Man ual of Instruction FOR THE Royal

Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(( 'un/lulled froJ/l pag c //.1.)

The Iris is a circular pigmented curtain, and lies behind the cornea.

It varies in colour in different people from light bl ue to dark brown; in the cen tre is a round hole called the PUPl'l.

The iris contains muscles which can increase or diminish the size of the pupil.

The Rehlla, or inner coat, consists ot the terminal branches of the optic nerve, which are spread ou t over the in terior of the eyeball.

The Optic erve leaves the back of the eye and pierces the sclerotic and choroid coats, and joins the brain through a gap in the back of the orbit.

I n the interior of the eyeball are the lens and two fluid called Humours.

The Lens is a transparent body, convex on either side, like a magnifying glass, and suspended behind the pupil. It is elastic and its thickness can be altered by the contraction of a muscle, called the Ciliary Iuscle.

The lens divides the eyeball into two cham bers The anterior chamber is the smaller, and contains a thin watery fluid called the Aqlleous Humour The posterior chamber forms about four-fifths of the entire globe, and is filled with a transparent jelly-like substance, called the Vibeolts Humozl7'.

Vzsion. The eye is a camera. Rays of light, after passing through the lens, are focussed on to the retina, and the impressions of form, shape, length and colour there produced are conducted to the brain by the optic nerve Rays of light from a distant object pass through the lens and form a sharp inverted image on the retina . If this object were brought nearer, the image would not be focussed on the retina, and would appear blurred. This, howeve r , is prevented by the lens becoming more convex, again sharply focussing t he object on the retina, and the nea r er the object is to the eye the more convex does the lens become. Th is changing of shape of the lens is called Acc01nmodation, and is brought about by the ciliary muscle.

Cameras are fitted with a diaphragm, by

*Reprinted by permission of the Conlroller of H M. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H. 1\1. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, or any branch , price 4/5d. post f r ee.

means Jf which the aperture over the lens can be made larger or smaller, and so regulate the amount of light which passes through the lens. It is found that the smaller the hole the sharper the Image.

I n the eye th is action is brought about by the iris, which controls the size of the pupil.

The pupil becomes larger when shaded from the light, and when looking at a distant object.

The pupil becomes smaller when exposed to light and when looking at a near object.

The Appendages of the Eye include the eyelids, the conjunctiva, the muscles of the eye, and the lachrymal apparatus.

The Eyelids are two folds of skin and mucous membrane, which, when closed, protect the eye from injury.

The Conjunctiva is a thin layer of mucous membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelids, and is reflected over the surface of the eyeball.

The Orbzlal .1.1Iuscles are six in number, and lie inside the orbit.

By their combined action the eye can be rotated in any direction.

The Lachrymal Apparatus cons ists of the lachrymal gland, which secretes the tears, and the ducts which conduct the tears into the nose

The Lachrymal Gland is situated at the upper and outer angle of the orbit. I t has several small ducts, which open on to the conjunctiva between the eyebalJ and the upper lid The t ears pass over the front of the eyeba ll to the inner angle of the eye Here may be seen two little papillce, one on each eyelid, and at the apex of each a small opening These are the openings of the lachrymal ducts, which unite and enter a canal called the Nasal Duct, which leads the tears into the nose Tears are alway s being secreted, but a r e n ot vis i b le, as they are carried away by the nasal d u ct When t here is excessive secretion, the duc t s c annot carry the tears away quick l y enough, and they ove rflow on to the cheeks

(8) TIlE GENERATIVE Sy TEi\I. Male Organs of Generation.

The Penis is a pend ulous organ suspended from the front and sides of the pubic arch. I t conta i ns the u r eth r a.

"A ?\Ierry Christmas and a Happy New Year."

I t IS corn posed of three cylinders of tissue containing spaces \vhich, when filled with blood, cause the organ to become erect. Two of the cylinders, the Corp01'a Cavernosa, lie side by side on the upper surface of the penis. The other cylinder, the Corpus Spongz'osUln, lies on the under side of the penis, and through it runs the urethra. The end of the penis is bulbous and is called the Glans, in the extremity of which is the opening of the urethra , called the l1Ieatus.

That part of the skin of the penis which covers th e glans is called the Prepuce or F01"es kz'n. It is attached to the under surface of the glands by the Framum.

The Unthra commences at the front of the base of th e bladder, passes through the prostate gland, under the symphysis pubis, along the under side of the penis, and ends at the meatus. It is about 8 inches in length and is lined with mucous membrane.

For surgical purposes the urethra is described as consisting of two parts, the posterior urethra, lying beween the base of the bladder and the root of the penis, and the anterior u1'e thra, lying in the penis.

On the floor of the urethra and just in front of the prostate gland, are the two openings of Cowper's Glands, and on the roof are the numerous openings of L z'ttre's Glands.

T he Prostate Gla n d I ies at the base of the bladder and surrounds the beginning of the urethra. It is about the size and shape of a chestnut.

The Scrotum is the pend ulous skin covered sac, which contains the testicles.

The Testz'cles are two oval glands which secrete sel1zen. Semen contains spermato zoa, the male ge rm cells that fertilize the female germ cells or ova.

L ying behind each testicle is the Epz'didymis, whic h is a coiled tube along which the semen passes. It is continuous with a tube called the Vas Deferens, which runs from the epididymis into the abdomen, through an opening in the groin, called the Ingu 'inal Canal, and then opens into that part of the urethra, which is surrounded by the prostrate g land. Connected to each vas deferens is a pouch called the S emin al Vesicle, wh ich lies at the base of the bladder and acts as a reservoir for the semen.

The Ductless Glands. These are the Thyroid, the Suprarenal bodies, the Pituitary body, and the Spleen. As far as we know, these glands produce secretions which are absorbed into the hlood, and are necessary for the nourishment of the body and for the maintenance of its general tone.

The Thyrozd consists of two oval bodies lying on either side o f the trachea, joined across the trachea by an isthmus. It produces a secretion which is necessary for normal growth.

The Suprarenal Bodies are two small masses

about 1t inches long, lying on the upper end of each kidney. They produce a secretion known as Adrenalin, which constricts blood vessels and keeps up the general tone of the body.

The Pitu ztary Body is a small oval mass attached to the base of the brain and l y ing on the sphenoid bone. It produces a secretion known as Pituitrin, which stimulates involuntary muscle, and it also furnishes some substance which promotes growth.

The Sple en is a flattened oblong organ of a dark bluish red colour, which lies in the left side of the abdomen, close to the cardiac end of the stomach. It is about 5 inches long and weighs about 7 ounces. This organ is composed of a network of connective tissue, enclo s ing cells, which are bathed by the blood. The spleen appears to act as a blood filter, removing any foreign matter, and destroying- old red blood corpuscles.

CAVITIES OF T H E BOD Y

There are three large cavities of the body.

(1) The Cerebro-Spinal Cavity.

(

2) The Thoracic Cavity or Thorax.

(3) The Abdominal Cavity.

The Cerebra-spinal Cav ity is bounded by the bones of the cranium and by the bony canal of the spine.

It contains the following important organs :-

(a) The Brain.

(b) The Spinal Cord.

The Th01"aC£c Cavity is a cone-shaped space, commonly called the Chest. It is bounded behind by the dorsal vertebrce, in front by the sternum or breast bone, at the sides by the ribs and their cartilages, and below by the diaphra g m.

At the upper end is an opening, throu g h which pass the trachea or windpipe, the <:es opha g us o r gullet, blood vessels and nerves.

It contains the following important organs :-

(a) The Heart and large blood vessels.

(b) The Trachea and Lungs.

(c) The CEsophagus.

The Abdom£nal Cavity, or Belly, is generally described in two parts, the Abdomen Proper and the Pelvi5.

The Abdomen Proper.-This cavity lies below the diaphragm, and is almost entirely surrounded by muscular walls, except for the spine behind, and the lower ribs above.

It contains the following important org-ans :-

(a) The Stomach and Intestines.

(b) The Liver.

(c) The Pancreas.

(d) The Spleen.

(e) The Kidneys.

(To be contz'nued.)

St. John Ambulance Brigade

H eadquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports.

Brigade Headquarters.

!\. lll'\\ Bri"ade Order recenLly heen i slled which cCtnccls Special Brig-ade Orde r s A.R.P. o . 1, dated Octoher, 1935. and AR.T Ko. 2, dated April, 1936.

The nc\\ 13.0. (Jut the whole of the work to be undertaken by B rig-adc members, gi \' es particul ars 0 £ training: for Crac\c 1 and Grade 2 instructors' certificate, with syllabus; training for Brigade personnel. and the general public.

For Grade 1 certificates the examination consists of a \\ ritten paper () f four questions. an oral test of not les than five questions and a lecture tet to a ' certain whether the candidate is able to impart knowledge to a c1as evcnty-five pCI' cent. of marks under each heading i necessary for a pas Grade 2 certificate· fo])o\\ 011 similar lines except that IlO written paper IS required. \\'lth appro\'al a Grade 2 Instructor may it for a C;rade 1 examination but will not be calkcJ upon to pa the oral and lecture tests.

The definItion of the .R.P. Auxiliary Reserve is L'mbodied in the Brigade Order together with instruction, the enrolment and the undertaking of uch membe r s.

Saturday and unda)" i\To\"e11lber 22nd and 23rd werc hu} days for ncarl) 275 member of the Brigade who yisited London for thc ixth All-England .R.P. Course EnthLl .· ia 111 secmed to be thc kcvnote at this course and it \Va eyident that every 111cmbe-r present was eage r to learn all that could he learnt in the time at disposal.

Dr. \V. C Bentall (A.R.P. taff Officer) presided over the mecting and was assisted by 11r. E. R. Tweh e (A.R.P. taCf Officer, Derby hire), Dr. J. Fenton (Eastbourne), 1\lr iN. H. Harris (Walton & \ Veybridge), A. M. vVorfolk (Caterham) and 1\.1r. C E. Bower (A R.P. taff 1 o. 1 District) as lecturers.

The Chief Commi ioner) ir John DUllcan, add res ' ed the members saying it was a great pleasure to be present to welcome them. lIe referred to the commencement of the work and the A.R.P. Auxiliary Reserve and paid tribute to Major Darvil-Smith (Brigade ecreta ry ) and 11r. H. J. Wriggle worth (Asst. Secretary) w h o were responsible for the excellent arrangements) and to thc lecture r s for their attendance. ir John concluded hi short speech with the words "Your work is a g r eat example to the Gene r al Public."

The Course ran smoothly f r om beginning to the end thanks to the organisat ion ca rri ed out behind the scenes by the Headquarters Staff.

M r. Joe Grossman (B ritish International Pi ctures) once again gathered an all sta r cast fo r the Saturday Eve nin g Conce rt at which the Earl of Scarbrough and other members of the Ord cr we r e present. The artistes included Bebe D anie ls, Jun e Clyd e) Margaret Bann er man, A E. Nickolds (an old Brigade member) and many other Film, Stage and B.B.C stars.

Sir Pe r civa l W ,ilkin on (Secretary Gene ral) on b ehalf of those present thanked Mr. Grossman for the splendid entertainment and the a rtistes for their services. Sir Percival a lso r eferred to t h e g r eat wo rk of Mr. and Mrs. Maxwe ll for the Ord er.

Following the last lectu r e on the Sunday evening, Dr. Bentall thanked the a udi ence for their attention) his

lecturers fo r their assistance and Headquarters taff for the exce ll ent arrangements.

On behalf of the visito r s Ian F ra se r (Northern Ireland) in a few we ll- spoken words asked the Chairman and lecturers to accept the best thanks of all present for the trouble taken and the knowledge imparted.

No. I ( Prince of Wales's) District.

The Annual Officers' D inner was held on Saturday, December 5th, when a record gathering spent an enjoyable time.

Captain VV. Goodley, M.C (the Commissioner), presided, supported by many members of the Order, Police, L ocal Authorities, and others.

Following the loyal toasts, Asst. Commissioner Capt. F. E. Bendix proposed "Our Guests." He referred to the affection and respect all members had for Sir Percinl \ Vilkinson (Secretary-General); and the firm but kindly eli cipline and guidance which had endeared Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissione r ) to eyery member of the Brigade. "One whose efforts had been really grand and worthy of admi r ation" was the speaker's welcome to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon- in-Chi ef).

Capt. Bendix referred to the closer co-operation between Police and Brigade and welcomed Sir Hugh Turnbull (Commissioner, City Police), .i\Ir. G. Abbis (Deputy Asst. Commissioner, Police)) and other members of both Forces who took so great an interest in first aid.

H e would have liked to make reference to all guests present especially the ladies but they, of course, speak for themselves Capt. Bendix concluded his toast with an exp r ession of re gret at the absence of the Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior).

Sir Percival Wilkinson responded in a pleasing manner and said he had been ague t at every annual function since its inception and he great ly appreciated the gene rous spirit of hospitality which existed at them. Such functio ns did much to cement and bind together the closer relationship between the members.

S i r Hu gh Turnbull also responded. H e assured those present that the work done by the Police in company with members of the Brigade could not be carried out efficiently but for the valuable assistance of the Brigade. Hc thanked No.1 District fo r the efficient help gi\ en during the past year and wished them every success in the future.

The toast" The Prince of W ales's Dis t ri ct and the President" was proposed by Sir John Duncan. It was a pleas ure to h1m to propose the toast as it gaye him the oppo r tun ity of t h anking the district for the work carried o ut during a most strenuous year. The work in the Metropolitan Area was increasing eac h yea r but it was gratifyin g to him to know that every duty h ad been effi ci €ntly carried out. He was often asked how it was that members were ab l e to do all the duties but he was still un able to answer the question.

Sir J ohn r efe rr ed to the Air R aids precaution work which th e Brigade h ad taken up so enth usiast ically and he wished to especially thank District Officer Bower fo r the yeoma n work he had done. He all ud ed to the fact that many Borou g h a uth o riti es w e r e much behind in drawing

up their local scheme. Thi \york, continued ir J 01111, \\ ill improve the importance and prestige of the Brio·ade.

Ref e rring to the Commissioner, John said that \\ords failed him to expre his appreciation on the work done. It wa a yery noble work and Capt. Goodley could not be thanked enough for his maryellou service

Mu ical honour greeted the Gommissioner on his ri ing to re pond. He wa he said, proud to be the Comm i ioner of uch a district and assured Sir Tohn that en' ry man and ,,-o man was proud to sen'e unde;' his (Sir J o hn' ) command.

The strength of the district on ovember 30th wa approximately 8,500, new recruits ince Januan 1st numhering 1796. Duti es con red numbered 1,27-+ whilst 27261 case had been attended. On the occasion of Kin o' Geo rge funeral 7,735 casnaItie "were dealt \yith one o'clock. He wished to exp re s his thanks to all members for their upport.

. -r:he public had hown their appreciation by contnb ut1l1g generou ly to the annual flag at which nearl" £-+.000 had been collected.

The Di trict had 10 ·t, through r es ignation, three excellent officers, nam ely, Dr. Lund, Dr. Kendall and District Officer Piers.

Re ga rding A.R.P. \\ o rk oYer 2,000 certificates had

.

included Di trict Officer and 1\[r Fitch District Officer and ilIrs. Haine , Lady District 1\[rs. Jorrish, District Officer from Headquarter, and Dr. Dubash, from Bombay.

upt. Ambler proposed "Our Guests and Visitors." lle was pleased to \\ ekomc Boult\-vooel, their new vice-president, al 0 thc ;..rayor and Uayores and other distinguished friend. He apologi ed [or thl' absence of Dr. McKettrick.

The l\Iayor, in respon C. said he always appreciated ambulance work and referred to the marvel lOlls work carried out by the Brigade. lIe paid tribute to the \\ork of the local Divisions.

Capt. Bendix also briefly replied and ga\'c the toa t of" 0 8 and 15 Divisions" who were not only efficient in the ambulance \York but aloin running-ocial c\·ents.

Cotmcillor Harper thanked the diyi ion for their hospitality and congratulated them on their great work during the past week. IIe wa ol1ly too happy to do all he could to assist them. :'IIi s \Valkcr al 0 added her praise on behalf of the N nrsing Department.

Amb. Officer Morrish, \\'ho acted as toastlllCl "te r) ga \'c that of "The Chairman." They \\'erc pleased to welcollle him and were glad to have the henefit of his service.

Councillor Boult \\'ood in reply aid he hac! taken a

A.R.P. practice by members of Stoke Newington Division, under Supt. L. Herbert. been IS ued to members of the d istrict, 166 courses had been held, 88 ambulance and -+1 nursing divisions were fu lly tral11ed and 179 l11structors' certificates had been gai ned.

Ca pt. Goodley concluded his speech by thank in o· the Drigade Secretary, Association S ec retary, Stores :'IIanager, his A sistant Commiss i one rs and District Headquarters staff and last but not least his District Treasur er (Capt. L. L. Franks) \\'ho had arranged so admirable a function.

Dancing then followed until 12 o'c lock, Distpict Officer Burton carrying out the duties of master of ceremonies.

EAST HAl\L-Th e joint annual dinner and dance of the East Ham Ambulanc e and tll-sing Divisions was held on aturday, O\'ember l-+th Councillor G. W. Boultwood, J.P. (vicc-president) presided supported by ilIrs. Boultwood, The :'IIayor and ilIayoress (Alderman and Mrs. Barton), Councillor and Mrs. Harper, Asst. Commissioner Capt. F. E. Bendix and :;\Ir Bendix Lady District Supt. Walker, Supt. A. E. A. Amble;, Lady Supt. OgIlVie, and others. Other guests present

great interest in their work for the pa 1. fe\\ )ears amI mentioned that his wife wa a member many year ago. H e congratulated the team \\'hich hac! rccently won the East Ham and District Competition.

Dancing then followed \\ith District Officer Kemp as ill. e. The pupils of 1\ I is Gordon, 0 f Wallhamstow, provided an exce llent cabaret which wa greatly appreciatcd.

WEST HAl\I.-The anllual competltlOn lor the Charles Statham" Challenge Trophy, which is also the Eastern Area t. Massey-Mainwaring" preliminary, wa held on atm-day, November 28th.

Eight teams competed) the judges being: Capt. F. E. Bendix , Asst. Commissioner, and District Officer Fitch (team), Dr. e. Homi (individual), Dr. J. Ross (vi'l'(1 7'OCC) and District Officer Haines (Uniform).

The team test was well staged to represent a busy thoroughfare and a shop, fully equipped, was depicted. The teams witnessed a taxicah drawing up outside the grocer's. shop fro:n which alighted a farc, who, as he was the dnver, suddenly staggered backwards and

F IR S T

collapsed. The taximan got very flurried and hindered the teams as much as possible until knocked over by a cyclist. The passenger was found to be suffering from apoplexy; arterial and venous h<emo.rrhage the right knee, fracture of humerus mvolvmg elbow Jomt and shock whilst the driver had a fractured patella and shock.

At the conclusion of the tests the Assistant Commissioner presided, the results being annollnced by Supt. A. G. Ash, who was responsible for the arrangements, as follows: I, West Ham, 3551 marks; 2, Dagenham, 346£; 3 Southend, 322!, O t her teams in order of merit being Woolwich Beckton, Barking, East Ham, and Ilford.

Supt. 'Ash said it was a pleasure to have Capt. Bendix present not only as a but as the Assistant Commissioner and thanked hIm and the other gentlemen who had acted as judges.

Capt. Bendix, who presented the prizes, criticised the

AID. 143

and both gentlemen congratulated the teams on their high standard, special commendation being given to the Dagenham team under the leadership of CorpI. H. W. Blower.

The Southend team occupied the second place with Barking and Romford tying for the third place.

A course of A.R.P. Lectures for the general public will commence on Friday, January 15th next, at the St. Marylebone Town Hall. Fee for the course, including textbooks, charts, etc., 3s. 6d.

The lecturers will include District Officer Bower, Corps Supts. Jackson, Standingford, Wells, Allrnn, Div. Supt. Elvin and Amb. Officer Lishman. Full particulars can be obtained from Div. Supt. W. M. V. Allen, 58/5 Division S.J.A.B., Western District Post Office, W.l.

work done. All injuries had bcen depicted and to get the correct diagnosis it was essential that the examination was thorough. He wished the West Ham team every success in the final.

Referring to the other Area competitions he was pleased to announce Councillor Boultwood (President, East Ham Division) had presented two trophies, the" G. Boultwood" and the" Grace Boultwood" Shields, which he hoped would be an added incentive to teams to enter. He thanked Councillor Boultwood most sincerely for his generous assistance.

SOUTIIEND.-At the annual competition for the" R. A. Jones" Challenge Cup competition held on Saturday, November 19th, Dagenham Division, for the third time in succession, were successful in gaining first place.

The competition is open to Brigade and Red Cross teams in Essex and this year eight Brigade teams and one Red Cross team competed.

The judges were Capt. A. e. White Knox, M.e. (Asst. Commissioner, Southern Area) and District Officer Haines,

N o. IV District . LANCASHIRE.

SOUTHPORT.-The Annual Church Parade of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the Southport Corps was held at All Saints' Church on Sunday. The Service was conducted by Canon W. E. Harston Morris. The parade was in charge of Corps Supt. L. Yewdall. The parade, which was about 60 strong, was headed by the British Legion Band.

PRESTON.-Mrs. H. Riddell, President of the Nursing Divisions of the Preston Corps, distributed the awards and certificates to members at their Headquarters, Chapel Walks, on Tuesday night. Congratulating the Corps on its outstanding long list of awards she referred especially to the Air Raid Precautions Certificates, adding that while it was hoped that such measures would not be needed, it was well to be prepared.

Dr. M. A. Glass presided, and among those present were Dr. Hugh Riddell, Capt. E. F. Millington (Corps SuVt.) and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Howard.

The" Records and Honours" Board of the No. 87 (Sboreditch) Division, presented by 1\1r. Arthur T. Parry, J. P., Di\'isional President.

LrvERPoOL.-About 800 people attended a dance in the Grafton Room. Liyerpool. organised by the Central and Tran port Diyi ions of the Liverpool Corp. A feature o f the eYell111° \\-as the Cuban Cabaret. The guest. included Corps urgeon and Supt. Colonel D. C. Leyland Orton and Corps Officer ( ecretary) \\'. E. earl.

ROCllDALE.-).Ir Tweedale) Lady District Supt., No. -1- (Lancs.) District, was one of thc speakers at a conference at Preston on \\'edne day of repre entatins of non-county borough and di trict council on air raid precaution

ACCRIXGTOX.- The Accrington Drill Hall \yas gaily festooned with yari -coloured pennants) enhanced by a rcvoh-ing crystal bowl \\'hich reflected pot of brightlyhued light, when the 3-1-th Annual Ball ,va held. :i\lr.

J. A. Sunderland and hi De Luxe Orchcstra supplied a \yell-balanced programme of old-fashioned and modern dance, \\'hich delighted the large patronage. Refreshments wer e en'ed during the e,'ening. The duties of 11.C. ,,-ere efficiently performed by the Officers and of the Corp.

No. V. District.

XOTTIXGHA)1.-At the invitation of the Vicar, the City Ambulance Division arranged a Church Parade at t. Xicholas' Church on Armistice Sunday, which was also attended by officers and members of the Ambulance and Nursino- Divisions of the Nottingham Corps. The ambulance members paraded under the command of Corps Supt. S. Ibbotson) who was accompanied by Corps Supt.

A. G. "Teller and the Corps Surgeon, Dr. G. H. Parker.

The Parade was headed by the Tew Basford Salvation Army Band and marched to the Church, where the officers and members of the K ursing Diyisions were assembled under the command of Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Paling. The Service was conducted by the Vicar, the Rev. S. who delivered a very appropriate address. The Lessons were read by Corps Surgeon Dr. G. H. Parker.

After the Service) the parade re-assembled outside the Church, and the Ambulance Divisions returned to Friar Lane for dismissal.

POXTEFRACT_-The first meeting in the district to draw the general public's attention to protection from gas attacks was held on Saturday, Tovember 14th, and arranged by Corps Supt. T. C. Amery.

The Deputy Mayor (Ald. T. P. Brindley) presided supported by local and surrounding Brigade officers and others.

The chief speaker was Dr. W. C. Bentall) O.B.E. (A.R.P. Staff Officer) who said the object of the meeting was that they might freely discuss together the work which was being done throughout the country in relation to the educational propaganda of the air raids precaution scheme of the Government.

The speaker placed before the meeting a concise but lucid survey of the arrangements dealing with the Home Office suggestions and recommendations.

Questions on numerous aspects were asked which intimated that the meeting had done good.

Ald. Brindley in proposing a vote of thanks to Corps Supt. Amery, announced that in recognition of the helpful work of the Pontefract Corps in the South Kirkby Colliery disaster on August 23rd, 1935, the Order of St. John had presented to the Corps a VelIurn Vote of Thanks,

yote of thanks to Dr. Bentall was heartily carried on the call of ReI', A. E. Duckett, seconded hy Dr, Sullivan. and supported by upt. Amery-

Thursday, Novcmber 26th, the palding Di"ision held a sale of work at which the palding Toe H gave a concert.

One item of gr at <ll1111 ement was that giyen by two monocled young men \\ 110 drawled through a song- on al1lhulance \\'ork. Complete \\ ith the" Old chool Tie" they impersonated the \\'cstern Brothers and we give belo\\' a part of their ong whicll, although we cannot print in full, contains some sound advice.

Don't ah\ays imagine that YO"C can clo be t.

If a eloctor's arrived there before all the re t

Don't order him off 'cos you've pa ed your Fil--l Te t.

It let the side down. chap) it let the ide clo\\ n

If trOll!!, acid's heen drunk In- a l1li tahn dietetic And the state of the patient is truly pathetic, You \\on't get full marks if you giYC all emetie.

It lets the ide down, chap, etc.

1£ to treat an e lectric shock case you a pire, Don't try chafer' method, hot brick, \\'arm attire, And hot -tea-and then find that he' till on the wire' It let the side down, chap etc.

H a patient ha fractured hi' ja\\ \\ itll rough play

Don't fix it with handage in such a "ay

That as oon as you\'C finished, he <,ay : .; It' O_K."

It lets the side down, chaps, etc.

vVhen the patient has broken hi arm 011 SOllll: cohble.:;. Look for unnatural movement and shape-'illC11 as l1()h1>k'5 But don't \\a\-e it about ju t to ce if it wohhlc-.;

Tt let the ide do" 11, chap. etc.

\Vhen arteries seycred all efforts repul e, And the patient's lifc-strug gle hi body com td e. Don t spend an hour tr) ing' to di co\'er his plll"t'

Tt lets the ide down. chap, etc.

No. IX. District.

PEXZANCE.- The anllual in pection of the Penzance Division was held on Tuesday, November 2-1-th, County Officer Dr. R. H. Hadfield heing- the in. pecting officer. He complimented the men on their mart appearance and tressed the nece ity of con tant attention and practice in order that the high tandard always et by the Diyision migh t be maintained and improved.

After inspecting- the cadet divi ion, Dr. Hadfield expressed great pleasure at the high standard of knowledge and efficiency shewn by them, which reflected much credit on their instructor) Cadet Officer VV. H. Maycock.

TOTxEs.-On \i\Tec1nesday, November 25th) at Bridgetown Parish Room the annual inspection of the Totnes Corps under the command of Supt. Wheatley, was carried out by County Commissioner H. J. Vick.

The divisions represented were Totnes (with their cadets), A hprington and South Brent.

No. X. District.

Hertforclshire have taken up A.R.P. work wholeheartedly and Corps Officer A. G. Widdicombe (A.RP. Officer) is to be congratulated on his efforts in this direction. He has already issued three circulars of many pages and these have been written in such a way as to every member.

FIR S T

The first circular dealt with organisation) appointments, A.R.P.A. Reserve, etc., and a column on ".Gossip." This latter item appears in each is ue and some "hort, pithy pars 011 and other !he other ci rculars give pubhclty to vanous questions reo'ardill'" the work and wc are pleased to note that the County Council ha circularized all Area Councils to the effect that they are. requested to co-operate with the Brigade in the fO:,matlOn ?f classes for the general pul1lic. Also.a g:rant IS to be given by the County Council to cover all 111 Iclental expenses.

NORWICII.-The annual competition for the" Cook" Cup open to teams of no\ ices .from Torfolk Divisions was helcl in the Lads' Club, on Decel!lber 5th) five team competed. The result \\ <l:s a wm orwl_\h Lads' Club team. the full result La?s Club :.Jon\ ich ity 791, Yarmouth 18. henngham (01) 'N'on\ ich Corporation sn. The winning team compnsed .'erg-cant J. Hag-g, Privates ,. Howe, A. Rowley, R. Waterson, and R. Tash.

T. II. Dain (Chief Con table and PreSident of the City of "Norwich Corps), who prcsented the Cup, congra'tulated all the team, and. thanked Dr. Gentle for j udging the team. and. the "anous other helpers. Dr. Ccntle paId trtbute to Corp upt. S. E. R. cott l or prcpa ring such a plendid te t and the ( nrpnratinn team on their performance at then first entry.

Reviews.

,\IR RA.ID PRECAliTION IL·\. DBOOK OF

II. \1. OO"ice: c\dastral House, IZing way, London. PI ice fid. posl Sd.

This is No. + of the series of A.ir Raid Precautions Handhooks produced by the ,\. R. r. Department of the Home Ofl"ice ; and it is intl'nded to sen'e two purpo es-(1) to explain the general principle g-o\'crnin!.:' the methods of counteracting contamination arising- from war gase and (2) to form a textbook for th training of the neucleu of the Decontamination en'ice, whether the e belong to the public services pro\'ided by local authorities or to the decontamination squad organised by public utility undertakings or factories.

This handbook does not repeat the general description of \-var gases, their characteristics and effects, which is contained in A R. r. Handbook No. 1. That handbook is, therefore, needed by e\'ery reader of this book to g-i\ e him the basic knowledge of war gases.

The first three Chapters serve as an introduction to the subject and tell us the meaning and significance of decontamination, the general principles involved and the special duties of decontamination squads The last four Chapters set out in detail the actual methods of decontamination of the roads and open spaces, of buildings and contents, of vehicles and of factories. The handbook closes with !lve brief but u sef ul Append ices, tabulating the equipment required and the methods of decontamination already described.

The actual methods must be learned by the personnel to whom would fall the duty of putting them into practice. The work would necessarily expose these men to danger from the gas; and consequently it is essential that, before they start to learn about decontamination, they should first learn how to protect themselves from injury. To this end the>' must study A.R.P. Handbool, No.1 on personal pro-

tt!ction against gas and so acquire information which is not cnntaine-cJ in this handbook.

rnUM THE PROVISIONS OF THE PHARMACY A TD POISONS ACT 1933 (PRACTITIONERS Al D HOSPITALS).

r f. Stationery Office: A.dast r al House, Kingsway, London Price ,d. net.

This 20 paged pamphlet has been issued by the Home Office with a \·iew to assisting duly qualified medical, dental and veterinary practitioners (referred to 111 the memorandum as "jractitz'oners") and persons in control of hospitals dispensaries and similar institutions, to ascertain the main requirements of the \-,oisons law with which they are specially concerned. It docs not deal with the requirements of the Dang-erous Drug-s Act applying to those poisons which are al 0 dangerous drugs.

The rnemoradum is di\'ided into two parts. In the first it sets out in a series of paragraphs the changes in the law concerning poisons, the substances subject to restriction, the requirements affecting dispensing practitioners, the method of obtaining- poisons and the form of prescription for such poisons. In the second part the memorandum details in similar fashion the special provisions for certain types of institutions, the supply and storage of poisons in institution and the ways in which institutions may leo-ally obtain poisons.

The Hospitallers ' Club.

TIlE Club's annual dance was held at the Cora Hotel on Saturday, December 5th.

About 106 members and friends enjoyed dancing to the music of Harding's Band.

During the upper inten'al the President, Mr. A. J. Bowman, expressed the thanks of all present to 1\1 r. Stallard for the excellent evenin.g he had arrangeu. Mr. Bowman zreeted old and new fnends and hoped' he ,,"ould meet them all again on the occas ion of the annual dinner to be held at the Connaught R ooms on Febmary 20th, 1937.

The "Absent l\lembers' Remembrance" was read by Mr. Stallard at 8_1S

On Frida\' December 11th, the Club had as its speaker 1\11'. F. E. Co;r'ing-ham, F. C.S. (of Messrs. Reckitt & Sons, Ltd_) who gave a'n interesting address on "Chemical Antieptics and their uses in First Aid."

He referred to Nature's antiseptics, fresh air and sunlight, and instanced cases where antiseptics bad used from the earl iest times. l\lany famoLls men and their works were brought before the meeting and the speaker explain.ed why chemical agents are used. The commo? antIseptICS were mentioned and their advantages and dIsadvantages discussed.

lembers asked numerous questions on certain aspects of the lecture, to which :\lr. Corringham replied. :\. unanimous vote of thanks 'was extended to the lecturer, with the hope that on a later occasio n, the Cluh would ha\-e his presence:

P rz ory for W ales .

FIRST VISIT OF H. R. H. THE DUIm OF KENT AS PRIOR OF THE PRIORY FOR \VALES.

Members of the Priory for \\Tal es accorded an enthusiastic "'elcome to H. R. H the Duke of Kent, KG., K T., who took the first possible opportunity since his accession to the office of Prior of personally identifying himself with the acti"ities of the Priory by attendance at a Meeting of General Assembly in Cardiff, on Friday, November 6th, at ,,,hich his Royal Highne s held an Im'estiture of Members recently admitted to or promoted in the Order.

By the kindness of the Officials of the National 1useum of \Vales, the Reardon Smith Lecture Theatre proved an admirably appropriate setting for a function which has been described generally as dignified in its simplicity. Iembers of the Chapter, in the picturesque black mantles of the Order, occupied the platform, and in the front seats of the main body of the hall were the Lord l\layor (Alderman G. F. Evans, J.P.) and members of the Cardiff City Council, whose colourful robes formed a striking contrast.

In an address of welcome, the Sub-Prior, the Earl ot Plymouth, P. C., said: "There can be no question as to the beneficient sen'ices to be rendered by Your Royal Highness as a result of your gracious acceptance of the office of Prior, not only in furtherance of the humanitarian objects of an Establishment of the Venerable Order, but also by promotion of the highest interests of the people of this Principality, with whom His l\Iajesty The King has been peculiarly identified over a number of years as Prince of Wales.

.. Immediate proof that His Majesty's keen interest in the \-Velsh people has in no manner been affected by His accession to the Throne is to be found in his forthcoming tour of South Wales: but a realisation that the more intimate relationship might one day haye to be modified influenced His Majesty, when Prince of Wales, to interest Your Royal Highness in the affairs of his Priory. The first fruits of this wise prevision were evidenced by the welcome appointment to the post of 'Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for \Vales of Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent, whose Patronage of our Nursing Services has given the greatest possible pleasure to all ranks of the Brigade and assures a progressive future in numbers and efficiency to the Women's Units.

" It was not long before the death of our late beloved Monarch called the first Prior of the Priory for Wales to the throne, in virtue of which succession King Edward VIII became Sovereign Head of the Order. His Majesty was graciously pleased to exercise his royal prerogative by sanctioning the appointment of His Royal Brother on the submission of the Grand Prior, H. R. H. The Duke of Connaught, KG., with the happy result that there was a but a short interval before the Priory once again found itself under the guidance of a Prince of 1.he Blood Royal.

"Steps had already been taken to establish a close connection between Your Royal Highness and the Order by your admission in the grade of Bailiff Grand Cross, whereby you became cognizant of the inner purposes and conversant with the outer ceremonial of the proceedings and functions that find such a suitable historical setting at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, the ancient home of The Order in England, of which our own Commandery of Slebech in Pembrokeshire was at one time the most powerful and wealthy appendage.

" In carrying on the traditions of the Royal Family in this respect you have equipped yourself to direct the

destinies of the Priory for V','ales, which will look to Your Royal Highness to inspire emulation of that devoted sense of duty and concern for the public welfare which is preeminently characteristic of all member of the House of ""Vindsor. "

The Duke responded in the following words ;-

"I am very proud of the honour that has been conferred upon me by His lajesty, as Sovereign Head of the Order, in sanctioning my appointment as Prior.

"I am fully aware that fhe King, when I rince of \-Vales, has set me an in piring example of leadersllip in controlling the fortune of the fir t E tabli hment of the Venerable Order to be set up under the 'harter granted by my grandfather in 1907,

" Eyer since Queen Victoria issued the initial Charter in 1888, and constituted herself and her successors Sovereign Heads of the Order, it has been the privilege of my family to be closely associated with your fine \york.

"Secondly, the Commissioner for Special Areas has made a grant up to .£S,OOO-to be earned on the basis of a pound for a pound-for the erection of ambulance halls of presc r ibed dimensions in localities where no adequate facilities exist.

" This wise provision will serve to guarantee continuity to Divisions having no security of tenure in the absence of a home of their own; and sets the seal of permanence upon the stimulus imparted by a fvrmer grant of .£5,000 towards uniform and first aid equipment.

(( I thank you, :'IIy Lord Su b- Prior, for your welcome, and under these happy auspices I will now proceed to an Investiture of those whom His l\Iajesty has delighted to honour. "

Following the reading of the "Exhortation," the Prior invested one Knight of Grace, one Chaplain, Command=rs, sevenLeen Officers (Brother), four Officers (Sisters), twenty-four erving- Brothers, three erving Sisters; and presented nine Vellum Votes of Thanks-the names being

AID. 147

T he majo r ity of the Units in Wales are studying the subject; an d the availabi li ty of a supply of gas masks on loan to the Prio r y for issue to classes for limited periods will remove one of the greatest hindrances to progress in this connection. It is a happy reflection that in many cases the association of medical men with thE' A. R. P. Courses is leading up to their permanent identification with the Priory in the interest of Ambulance Work generally.

AMBULANCE HEADQUARTERS.

A welcome announcement made by H. R. H. the Prior was the allocation of a grant from the Special Areas Fund, up to a maximum of '£5,000 to be earned on a .£1 for a .£1 basis for the purpose of erecting Ambulance Halls in those parts of the Special Areas where Ambulance Divisions neither own nor have been able to hire suitable accommodation for their work.

While many Divisions benefit by facilities provided by

"

1\ly brother, when Prince of \Vales, a ked me to bear in mind the possibility of concerning- myself with the afTair of his Priory at some future date, and I \\'a only toc pica eel to ha\ e the opportunity of carrying out hi wi hes by becoming your Prior.

":\1)' wife, who is the Lady Superintendent-in- hief for the Principality, and I nov: look forward to a long and happy association with you in promoting the humanitarian work of the Venerable Order through the only Priory that as yet exists in the British Empire.

"The keynote of the future of the Grand Priory is to be found in its title, c. \\ ithin the British Realm' for it exists to co-ordinate the acti\ ities of our ambulance work hy means of Bailiwicks, Priories and Commanderies.

"With this in view we must look fonyard to the extension of an Imperial headquarters round the home of the Order at St. John's Gate-an extension capable of focussing the attention and commanding the allegiance of our membership.

" I feel that the future has great beneficient rossibilities, and I sincerely hope to see the Priory contributing its full share to the development of ambulance a c ti\'ities.

"I well realise the value of first aid, home nursing, motor ambulance transport, and similar means of alleviating suffering in the case of accident and illness, and I know that thE' need for assistance in such everyday occurrences i untortunately becoming more and more urgent.

" Statistics prove beyond any doubt that the toll of life goes far to counterbalance the curative methods ot our excellent health services.

Of what use is it that the birth-survival rate, and normal expectation of life, increase so long as the death-rate and accident figures are swollen abnormally by the ravages of modern life?

"The ambulance worker is a most necessary link in modern health service, and therefore I should like to commend him to the approbation of the general public. For, too often his services are taken for granted, and the public are ignorant of the striking fact that such services are entirely gratuitous

I am very glad to be able to make two announcements as a practical contribution to the present problem of distress

" First, the cost of conveyance of cases by our am bulance cars in respect of those carried for the Public Assistance, and other Committees of County Councils and local Authorities, will be reduced from 1 / 3d. to 1/- per mile with a minim u m of 7/6d. per journey.

Plwlogra}ll b), courtes)'] l TTTestern lJIail ...... South TVales J\Tews

Visit of H.R.H. The Duke of Kent, E..G., KT.

H R. H. The Prior re ponding to the address of welcome at General Assembly, No\ ember 6th, 1936. announced by the Principal Secretary (the Hon. John H. Bruce). The care taken by His Royal Highness to speak to each one was encouraging 1.0 the Investees and pleasing to all present.

Colliery Companies and other organisations, the lack of suitable accommodation has been a keenly felt need in many localities.

The Cardiff Centre of the Priory, of which Alder11lan G. 1". Evans, J. P., then Lord l\layor, is Chairman, was prou d to. undertake the organisation of a Ball which His Royal HIghness the Duke of Kent attended; and great cred it is due 1.0 the OfJi.cers and Committee for the success of t h e arrangements. Nearly 800 guests attended and to everyo n e's delight the Duke took part in a " Paul Jones," after dancing with his Hostess, the Countess of Plymouth.

A. R. P. ACTI\ ITIES.

A further meeting of the Chemical \Varfare Sub-Committee of the Priory was held in Cardiff on November 27th, when an offer of a trophy for annual A. R. P. competit ion was accepted and rules to govern such contests were drawn up.

T he new headquarters of the Gosport Corps, S.J.A B., we r e d eclared open by the l\1ayor on Saturday, December 5th.

At the ann u al dinner of the Bedminster Down Di\'ision, Bristol Corps, S. J. A.B , Amb. Officer H. Croker, Di\ Secreta r y, was presented with a barometer by his colleagues in appreciation of services rendered.

The Inter-Divisional first aid competition of the Breconshi r e Constabulary, was held at St. l\lichael's Hall, Brecon, o n Sat u r d ay, November 21st, when Brynmawr gained first p lace, followe d by Brecon and Y stradgynlais.

S.J.A. B. Overseas. CEYLO:\.

On September 25th, His Excellency the GO\'ernor inspected O\'er 300 officers and men of the Ceylon Police Corps and later pre ented l\leritorious Certificates to In pector D J. A \Yijemanna and Sgt. 2178 v\'. N. de Ah\'is. Service Bars for 20 and 15 years ervice, and medals for 10 years enice were also pre ented.

His Excellency presented the Inspector-G ene ral's Challenge Cup to the Bor Ila team; the late Dr. A. C. A. Fernando's Cup, for artificial respiration, method, to the Foreshore team; Dr. D. D S. Outschoorn's Cup, for sergeant or constable scoring highest marks at the re-examination, to P. S. 807 S. S. Raju.

Sixteen teams and three teams of Police Boys' Brigade g-a\'e a demonstration of first aid. This was the occasion that the boys had given a display in public.

His Excellency, addressing the parade, the members and said it was a great pleasure to see such smart men and such good work. He was sure that it was great pleasure to the Inspector-General, Sir H L. Dowbiggin, to see that the work he had put in for so many years had borne such good fruit.

He took the opportunity of ho\v much he appreciated the great ad\'ance in proficiency, attributing the fact to the personal influence of the retiring Inspe ctor-General.

The Gm'e rnor noted with pleasure the number of men who had recei ved St, John medals. The work which they had done was very satisfactory and it was a great asset to have such a large number of intelligent men efficient to render first aid.

In the first aid competitions Professor F. O'B. Ellison, 1\1. D. (Asst. Commissioner, S.].A. B. Overseas), Dr. S. T. Gunasekera (Act ing Director of ;\ledical and Sanitary S ervices), Col. Frank Gun'lsekera, O. B. E., Capt. ;\1. S. W. Bi dee, R.A. 1.e., Dr. F. Keyt, and Dr. Milroy Paul acted as judges.

RHODESIA.

The annual competition for the" Birchenough " Shield, presented by the Chairman and Director s of the Rhodesia Railways, Ltd., for competition between ambulance civisions of the Rhodesia Railways District, S.].A. B. Overseas, was held at Bulawayo on October 24th and 25th, when five teams competed.

On the first date individual practical and viva voce tests were given, the judges being Drs. W. F. McGladdery, J. ]. F. Russell and Wakeford. The practical test dealt with a fractured left clavicl<:, whilst in the "iva voce competitors had to answer three questions of a general nature.

The team test followed on Oct. 25th, wh e n Drs. K. 1\1. Rodger and G. R. Ross were the adjudicators. The teams were supposed to be on duty at a gymnastic display and notic ed a boy, whilst jumping over the vaulting horse, full heavily. U pan examination it was found that he had susstained a simple fracture of both bones 4 inches below knee, a compound fracture of fibula about 1 inch above ankle joint, all on left side, injury to right wrist, and shock The scene was realistically staged by District Officer 'vV J. Rastall.

The work done was of an excellent standard, the result being: 1st, U mtali, marks; 2nd, Living tone, 316; 3rd, Bulawayo, 4th, Broken Hill, 297; 5th, Beira, 270. Individual prize presented by the Railway Administralion, Corp!. C. H. Coakley of Bula\,vayo.

The trophies and prizes were awarded to the winners (It a su ndown party which followed the completion of the tests.

AID.

Capt. H. Allen (Asst. Comm issioner), in the unavoidable absence of 1\1r. H. Chapman, C. B. E. (Commissioner), presented tlle awar d s ,

On beha lf of the oHicers and members of the Broken Hill Division, the Assistant Commissioner also made a presentation to Seri!t. E. Watkins, in appreciation of his services to the Broken Hill Team and Division ince 1931. Other prizes, gained in a local first aid competition, were presented to Ambulance Si ters H Baldock and H. "lantis, of the Bulawayo Nursing Division.

The competitions were witnessed by a large number of the public, and tho c present includt::d the \layor and l\layoress of Bulawayo (1\1r. D. foIlaciOlyre, I'd.P., and 1\1rs. 1\1acintyre), 1\1r. ]. H. Cook (Town Clerk) and Cook, and numerous oflicers and members ot the divisions.

On :\londay, October 26th, the annual ambulanc conference was held at the Railwar Headquarlc:r OJ1ict: , Capt. H. Allen presiding in the absence ot the Commissioner. Matters discussed embraced a \-a riet)' ot subjects relating to the movement on the Rail w-:tys.

Coming Events .

The Editor will be pleaseu LO recel\ e particulars OJ forth· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

DECE:\IBE R.

25.-Christmas Day, A Ierry Greeting to .\11. ]ANCARY.

l. - A Happy New Year.

9.-Southern Area, No. 1 District, S.] .. \. [{ .. \l11bulan ce Com peti tions.

1S. - HospitalJers' Club Annual General Jl eeting.

16. -Eastern Area, o. 1 District, .]..\. B. Competitions, East Ham.

16.-Southern Area, No. 1 District, .J,,\.8. :\ursing Com petitions.

16.-vVestern Area, 1 0. District, .J.A.B. :\ur:.ing Competitions, Memorial Hall, Flood- lreet, helsea.

23.-Durham, Cleveland and vVestmorland Ambulance League, "Donald Bain II Divisional Competitions.

28.-Fairlop Nursing Division, S.J.A. B. Annual Dinn er

30.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, Cadet Competitic1lls. FEBRUARY.

3.-Stratford, L. E. R., Ambulance Challenge "hield Competition.

5 -Central Area, No.1 District, S.]. A. B., i\nnual Social.

6.-Durham, Cleveland and vVestmorland Ambulance League" Elizabeth Bain II Divisional Competitions_

6 and 7.-S.]. A. B. All England A. R. P. Course of J nstruction, Great Central Hotel, London.

13.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, "Sleath ,ent" and 1 ursing Bowl Competitions Finals.

13.-" Coroner Graham II Ambulance Shield Competition Final, Sunderland.

19. -Ar: nual Dinner Barnet Division, Salisbury Hotel, Barnet.

20 . -Hospitallers' Club Annual Dinner, Connaughl Rooms.

20.-Durham, Cleveland and Wesmorland Ambulance League Final Competitions, Du r ham.

Police Ambulance New s.

CITY OF LO DON.

For the fourth time ill succession the "C 1I Di"ision tea m, under the leadership of crgt. Harvcrson, were declared the winn e r of the" \ldermen's II Cup, at the an nual competition held on Thur day, l\'O\ember 26th, at Snow IIill Police Four teams, one from each Division, competed ill tcst el and judged by Carl. i\. C. White Knox, ;\1. c., 1\1. B., Ch. B.

The team te t \,-as taged to rcpre ent a speedway lrac k and teams were informed that a rider and his machine had crashed through the railings, the machine into names. On examination the patient was tound to ha\e su tained burns on the face and hands, small contuio n O\'er right tempI, fractured left hand, fractured rig-hl femur with bone protruding through trouser Ie;..:, antl Im:l11orrhage.

Fifteen minutes \\ere allotted lo Lomrlctc the test and a \'e ry high, tandard of efliciency was shown by all teams.

The indi\-iclual tests had similar setting-s, but in this ca e the patient had Llstained a fracture of the elbow and a sprained ankle. 'ix minutes wa s the time limit, but "cry few competitors completed the test and the standard of work wa not so good thal in the team test.

The re ult was announced by 'hie! url. Booth afollows: 1, "C" Di"i..,i on, 3<'1 ; 2, " B II Di\'iion, 334-; 3, " A" Di\ isioll, 305; of, "J)" Di\ istoll, 289_ I ndi"idual test: 1, P. e. 99 Pri or, 4-9 roints.

ir Hugh Turnbull, Commissioner, the "Aldermen's" 'ur to the winners and the" ully" Trorhy to P.C. Prior, and congratulatt.>d nol only the winners but all on the ,\'ork done. First aid, said ir Hugh, "as a 1110:-.t important thing and it \Va up to e\'e ry member to make him -e lf proficient.

Cart. \\ 'hitc Kn ox, in reply to a ,ote l)f thanks rroposed by Sir Hugh, ':>aid that the team test had been excellent I)' done, but in the indi\'i dual te ts the mark were rather lo\\'. This was due to Lertain lhing - uch a time wasted, onl), applying two bandages for the fractured elbow, the making of the angular splint, and the treatmenl of the ankle out of doors and again on reaching shelter. It was, ho\\'e\'er, a pleasure to ha\ e had the opportunity of the judging of the competition.

Sir Hugh Turnbull announced that Sheriff Polli tze r had offered two additional prizes this rear and these would go to the winner of the individual test and the runner-ur. It ,,'as found that three competitors had tied for the second rlace and Capt. \\,hite Kno:\: offered to gi\ e a further test to the e men at a later dalc.

\mong those prescnt were CnpL Davison (ASSl Commissioder), Dr. Gibbons (City Police Surgeon), Dr. Duncan, 1\lr. D. G. :\Ionleilh (Competition Secretary, S.].A.A.), Goodley (Colllmissioner, No. 1 District, S.]. A. B.), 1\laJor (CI:i('£ Stafr Officer), and COlllmander Emery (of the Clly SpeCIal Constabulary), 1\lr. F. H. Sully, donor of the individual trophy, and others.The stewards included Inspect o r Mumford whil ergt. T. Rose was lhe competition secretary.

On Friday, November 20th, P.e. l;eorge Lear, of " B II Division, was invested with the insignia of erving Brother of the Order of St. ] ohn. .1-). e. his first aid \\'ork by taking his 111 1907 JoininR the 0.13 (Kings Cross G.N R.) S.j..\,B., in 1908. HE: did duty at King George V recei\'ed the Brigade medal. On joining the In 1913 he left the Brigade but his interest in first a id dId not cease He has been a competitor i n all

A 10. 149

competitions run by City Police and successfully lead his team in the initial "Aldermen's II Cup competition. P. C. Lear has been an instructor at the City Specials' classes, in addition to the regular force, for many years.

P.e. Lear served with H.Y!. Forces from 1519 to 1919, in Egypt and Palestine and was present at the capture cf Jeru alel1l.

Once again" Y II Di,-ision were successful in winning the final of the" Parsons II Shield competition, which was held at Peel House, on 25th.

The judges were Capt. H. A. Fenton, L. Jl.S S.A. (team), and Capt. R. V. Steele, 1\1. B. (individual).

In tbe team test competitors bad to deal with a man who had heen hit on the right arm with a life preserver and had also received a llea\ Y blow on the front of the jaw. The patient was supposed to have been unconscious, with fractured base of skull and fractured right humerus.

The individual tests dealt \vith resuscitating a man who had been taken from a canal with wound on ankle; arterial h ccmorr hage from right palm and fractured right leg; and describing ,'arico e veins, their causes and al 0 treatment.

At the sub equent presentation of prizes George .\.bbiss announced the results a follows:-

1, "Y" Division, 277 6, " S II Division, 24-6-&

2, "G" 266t 7, " F 'J

3, "V" 258§ 8, "TA " 239

4, "P" 258 9, «X" 235i-

5, "\V II 251b 10, "T" 225t

Hi g he st individual aggregate, " G " Di,-ision.

Sir Philip Game, Commissioner, presented the " II Shield to the winning team and the Placque to " G 1I Divi ion. ir Philip said he was grateful to Jlr. A.bbi s for bringing him along. He congratulated "Y" Division on winning the shield and" G II Di\ ision on winning the Placque. He wa sure that first aid \ytiS of great value to the men in their \,-ork with the general public.

Sir Philip paid tribute to Sergt Holbrow who during the pa t eight years had trained nearly half the total force in first aid

The doctor gave useful criticism and both congratulated the competitors on their efficiency.

Inspector James \,-as the competition secretary, whilst the stewards were mem bers of the letropolitan and City Forces.

On o\'ember 20th one of the most \Yell-known men in the Force was im- este d at St. John's Gate with the insignia of Officer of the Order of St. John. vVe refer to Sergt. 15JC O. John F_ Holbrow, wbo for man\, years ha been the am bulance instructor at Peel House, training school of the Force.

He look his first certicate in 1910 and instructed the " G II Division from 1922 to] uly 1923, when he was tranferred to Peel House. Since that date he has been responsible for the instruction to nearly eight thousand students successful in obtaining awards of the S.J.A.A. He has also helped in the training of teams and, it will be remembered, that the" F" Di\'ision were the winners of the" Pim " trophy in the earlier part of thi year. In 1930 he was admitted as a Sen'ing Brother of the Order of St. John. Sergt Holbrow, after completing 26 years'sen' ice with the Force, retired on l\'o\'ember 29th, and we wish him good health in his retirement

i50 FIRST

At the close of the "Parsons" shield competition reported above, a pleasing ceremony was performed by D/ R. B. Duncan. On behalf of the Doctor-Lecturers at Peel House (Doctors Duncan, Harris, White Knox and Bendix), he asked Sergt. HoI brow to accept a wrist 'watch as a mark of their appreciation. He hoped it would tick away many

AID .

Det a iled Ma r'king Sheet No. 49.

TEA1\1 TEST.

CARD OF I TSTRUCTIO Ns.-On a fine but very cold afternoon you four on your wa) home when you observe at the end of a b!1I1d alley a man lying on the ground with a ladder across h IS chest. You know that a telephone, stretcher and ambulance box are obtainable from an office which is 200 yards away. No other help allowed. Time limit 15 min s

STAG! TG OF TEsT. - Patient to be lying- on his back with lad.d er across chest. Face' Oushed. Breath alcoholic. Bright red stains on left palm and G'round. Broken electric bulb. Flask of whisky in breast b pocket. Electric lamp cleaner outfit.

:'lode of approach on patient

Sympathetic inquiry (.\'0 rep'y)

Remove ladder clear of patienl

Note blood and glass on ground

Send for first aid equipment forthwith

Immediate digital compression of Brachial and Relllo\'al of broken glass to safety ,..

Careful examination of Left 'Jppe r limb ...

For fractu\es, dislocations, &c. (.YOlll:' prneJ/l)

Of wound 111 palm (D,'ep-,I{lass in it) ...

Control Radial and Ulnar arterie

Paint own fingers and wound with .dressing and bandage over hand

EXamll1atlOn of Face: Colour (Flushed)

Of and Face for Ha.!1l10r rhage (.VOll£,)

For brUlSf!S and other injuries (.Volle) breathing (TendenC)' to snore)

1'\ ote ( low an:i/ull) ; Temperature (Raised)

of health and happiness and thanked him for all the assistance given during his term of office.

Sergt. Holbrow, in reply, thanked the doctors very much.. It had always been a great pleasure to assist them at their lectures and he hoped that the members of the force would always make themselves efficient in the work.

Memori a l to the late Miss Hoar e.

It is proposed to raise a memorial to the late 1\1iss Margaret Hoare, of North End, Hampstead.

A number of relations and friends have decided that the best form a ca? take. is a c?l1ection for the HampGeneral Hospital, m .Mlss Hoare was actively mterested for many years; and It IS hoped to raise sufficient money (.£ 500) to endow a cot.

An a has issued over the signatures of Lady Bertha Dawkms (Chairman, Queen Mary's Maternity Home)

1\1rs. MacFadden (Lady District Officer, No. 1 District: SIA:B.), Rev. H. T. Carnegie (Chairman, Hampstead Dlstnct Nursmg Association), and Mr. Howard B. Figgis (han. Hampstead General Hospital).

MIss was an active member of the St. John Ambulance Bngade for many years and was appointed Lady Superintendent of the Hampstead ursing DiviSIOn m 1912. In 1924 she became Lady District Officer Northern Area, No.1 District, a position she held until 1932 when she was placed on the Reserve She did excellent work during the Great War.

. Lady.District Officer Mrs. MacFadden, whose address Is.2c, .Belslze Grove, N. W. 3, will be pleased to receive contnbut.lOns from members of the Brigade who wish to associate themselves with the memorial.

Razlway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

TROWBRIDGE.-Members of the G.W.R. Trowbridge ambu l ance class held their annual concert and presentation of awards at the Trades and Labour Club on December 3rd, ,\','hen 1\1r. A. C. Drew, station master) presided. The large company pres ent included Mr. Sidney Smith and 1\lrs. P. L. Tayler (Trowbridge Councillors)) local officers and c1as offiCIals. 11r. R. G. Pole) Div. Supt., congratulated the. on its 24 members having passed the eXaml11atlOn, and partlcularly commended the winners of efficiency medals. The awards \'v'ere distributed by Mrs. Pole, ho was made the recipient of a bouquet by Miss Richman. The G.W.R. "Safety" song, "A Ii nend 111 eed/' formed part of the concert programme.

and bars were also distributed. Mr. L. G. Morris Asst. Div. Supt., who presided expressed his pleasure 'at the continued steady progress of ambulance work at the station.

Exam1l1atlOn of Pupils ( h;l{lztl)' unequal)

If respond to touch and light (,Yo)

Test if one side body more limp than other (1'('s) ?ote odour of breath (.-l1colzohc) for other possible injuries (.\-one)

Find whisky bottle in pocket

Protect patient from cold ground

Keeping patient's body and limbs warm

Head and shoulders raised head 10 side

Obtain cold water from office

Continuous application of same to head

No smelling sails to nostrils

Support left hand ill St. John sling

Telephone hospital for ambulance

Prepare, test and place stretcher

Loading on stretcher

Carrying to ambulance and loading

Report at Hospital: Apoplexy and wound in palm with arterial hcemorrhage and glass

Take charge of ladder and lamp outfit

General promptness and efficiency ------

PORTH.-Thc annual concert of the Porth and Ferndale classc took place at the Congregational Church Hall on 0\ ember 17th under the chairmanship of Mr. Frank £\'a115, Director of Messrs. Thomas & Evans) Ltd. Among- the audience \'vcre members of the Cymmer and. Lewis Brigades and a contingent of the L.e" 1.S 1\Ierthyr Cadets in uniform. Mr. J. E. Alexander dlstnbuted class a wards and cfficiency medals. On behalf of the class members presen1ations were made to their respective lecturers, Dr. Clarke of Porth and Dr. :\IcSweency of Ferndale. The gathering closed with the \\'elsh Kationa1 Anthem.

TEYL,,:-\D.-Councillor \V. E. \i\1inter, station master) preSided o\'er the annual presentation of ambulance awards to members of the eyland class at St. Clement's Hall 011 21st. Among others present was Lord :\Icrthyr) Chalr1uan of the Neyland Urban District Councll, who refcrred to the recent investiture at Cardiff B.R..H. the .Duke of Kent. Mr. T. J. Thomas gave an ll1terestl11g reVIew of the year's work.

GLOUCEsTER.-The seventh annual competition for the "Leslie Boyce" City ambulance shield was held at the Connaught Rooms, Gloucester, on November 24th, when .teams competed, L.M.S., G.W.R., Gloucester City, Red Cross and Gloucester Wagon Works. The ajJudlcators were Dr. M. J. Evans and Dr. N. H. h ettlewell, both of Bristol, who were responsible for work 3:nd individual tests respectively. Fo r the fourth tIme durmg the seven years of its existence, the trophy was won by the G.W.R. tea:n, the results beina- as under :-1, C!.W.R., 310 marks; 2, L.M.S., 259; 3, City,. 229. The shield was presented by the Shenff, G. Trevor Wellington, and indiVIdual by MISS Sprague. Following the contests the Committee were entertained to dinner, during which the Vcllum Vote. Thanks awarded by the St. John Ambulance AssoclatlOn was presented to Dr. Haines.

R. G. Pole, Div. Supt.) presiding at the smokmg concert and supper of the Bristol ambulance class at the Cadena Cafe on November 26th) said they were yery proud of the fact that Bristol was the largest class on the Great Western Railway. He particularly congratulated them on the number of gold efficiency awards gained by members. No fewer than ten were to receive medals for. 15 years' efficiency, and ten others for even longer penods. Mr. F. R. Potter) Supt. of the Line, presented the awards, and made a special appeal for the younger men to take up the work. Reports of the year's work were given Miss W. V. Smith and Mr. E. E. Jakeway) class secretanes.

CIIALFORD.-The Painswick Inn, Stroud was the cene of the social gathering of the Chalford District class on J" ovember 12th, when R. H. Taysum presided and \,vas supported by Sir Harry Waters Messrs. H: \Villiams, Div. Supt.) F. E. Wake, J.P., W: E. J. Perks Di:". Secretary, ot.her officials of the Company. 1\1/ \Vllhams, \';ho dlstnbuted examination awards and efficiency medals) mentioned that last year on the G.W.R. system no fewer than 7)520 awards were presented and included in that number were 659 gold medals for ranging from 15 to 35 years. The gatherinG' was preceded by the annual meeting and election of class

london, Mid land and Scottish.

A. C. Adcock presiding at the re-openmg of the Claims Office class and presented the awards gained during the last session.

Dr. S. Johnston, in response to a speech of thanks from the Chairman, congratulated the members on gaininO' the" Bedford" Shield and the L.M S. Temperance Mr. J. E. Matthews, District Amb. Secretary, referred to the good work done by Mr. A. E. Berwick, the class secretary, who has been a successful leader in the District Com peti tion.

DUDLEY PORT.-The annual distribution of awards) at which Mr. S. Roberts presided, took place recently. The following awards were presented by Councillor A Parker, J.P : -11 certificates) 1 voucher, 1 medallion, 29 labels.

M ISS

The "DECORATOR S ' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE " ( 8d month ly ) Is TH E trade paper for all Interested. " Office ; 46 , Cannon Street. E.C

NEWTON ABBOT.-Mr. A. W. H. Christison, Div. Loco. Supt.) presented class awards to 75 members of the Newton class on November 6th) and congratulated them on theIr success and particula r ly on the fact that 16 were new members. A number of gold efficiency medals

LEICE TEl,.-The presentation of the awards for the session 1935/6 took place on ovember 5th. Mr. D S. Inman made the following presentations :-Dr. Binns, a gold mounted umbrella; Mr. Doxey, 15 years' gold medal; Mr. Bould, 20 years' gold bar; Mr. Nicholls and Mr. Tanfield, 25 years' gold bars; 3 certificates) 3 vouchers, 3 medallions and 41 labels .

Mr. Inman paid tribute to the good work of the

Sergeant J. F. Holbrow.

The" 1\1rs. L. Price" Cup, offered in the annual COl11petition of the Nuneaton Nursing Division, S.J.A B., was won by irs. Florence Harris with 92 marks, Miss Kathleen last year's winner, being runne r -up with 85, and

Emma Burdett third with 76.

Ambulance men and appealed for more men to take up the \York. He also mentioned that as a large number of ladies were employed at Leicester it would be c reditable if a Ladies' Cia s could be formed.

The secretary, in propo ing a yote of thanks to Mr. Inman for making the presentations, made special mention of the fact that )'1r. TIlman had giyen to the class a silver cup for annual individual competition with the hope that it ,yould increa e the interest and keenness of the members.

The cup thi year had been won by Mr. Hayes, to ,,,hom a replica was also gil-en. The runners-up were Mr. BrieL and 1\lr. l'\or\Yood.

LEYL \:'1).-The Chorley and District Competition for the t. ,. Shield was held on ovember 21st at Leyland. Doctor \Yrio'ht and Unsv,'orth acted as judges. The re ult was Leyland L.)'I.S. 22H points, Coppull L.M.S. TO. I 2131, Chorley L.1\I.S. Ko. 1 209. The Shield was presented to the winner by Councillor R. Clayton, the prize being distributed by 1\lr. R. E Clayton.

).hLLHOUSES & ECCLESHALL. - \iVhen presenting a\\ ards to members, i\1r. T. Fellows stressed the imp o rtance of tcam ,york.

)'1r. F. Taylor presented Mr. J. Bagshaw (late class secretary) with a chiming clock, and referred to 11r. Bagshaw'S promotion to headquarters at Euston . Four members were presented with the long service gold medal for 15 years' service. They were Messrs. J. Gibson. H. E. Ansell, H. unn) and F. Sanderson.

NOTTI);GHA)'L-Despite the fact that the ottingham Loco. team v,ere defeated by the Colwick Traffic (L.N E.) in the Railwaymen's Ambulance League on X oyember 22nd, they still hold a commanding lead of 21 points over their nearest rivals. The Goods Department team are having rather a lean season so far and are second from bottom of the table.

PRESTox.-Seyere fog preYented many members from attending the smoking concert held recently, at which awards \, ere presented for the previous session's work.

1\1r. J. Dickinson acted as Chairman and distributed the following a\vards: -25 years' bar, R. C Unsworth; 15 years' gold medals, W. Hodson, J. Trayner; 50 labels, 3 medallions, 2 vouchers and 1 certificate.

On behalf of the class members, Mr. Dickinson presented a chromium-plated smoker's stand to Dr. A. S H olden, class tutor, who recalled that he had been giving lectures to railway ambulance classes for 27 years.

RHYL.- The results of the recent examination in connection with the Rhyl ambulance class showed that three members qualified for the fifteen years' long-service gold medal presented by the L.M.S. centre. They were )'lessrs. F. 1. Webb (Traffic Department), J. Bartley (Traffic Department), and H Mold (Carriage Department). One member, "0.1r. J. Parsonage (Locomotive Department qualified for the twenty years' long-service gold bar.

SUTTOX OAK.-The annual distribution of awards to successful members took place recently Supt. A. Warren presided, and Col. R. Jackson presented the following prizes :-14 certificates, 7 Youchers, 9 medallions and 29 lahels.

\VOLVERTox.-Kearly fifty ambulance workers and

four doctors were among the company attending the annual dinner of the No.2 District, Wolverton, held 011 November 14th, at which Mr. J. Purves., J.P., acted as chairman.

The toa t of "The President, Wolverton Ambulance Centre," was proposed by Mr. A. Felts who referred to the great help 1\1r. Puncs had given to the movement. Toast to the "L.1\I. Ambulance Movemcnt," the Medical Profession" and the t. \\"olycrlon Ambulance Teams" followed. Amongst tho e present wcre Drs. Bull and 1\laO'uire and Mr. Kamm.

london and Nort h Ea stern.

"0.Iany intere tin o fact' are revcaled bv the Annual Rcport of the Special Ambulance Comn1iltcc on the progre of Ambulance Work on lhe London & Korth Eastern Railway during the year ended eptl'lllbcr 30th, 1936.

The total staff employed by the Company in 1936 \Va 171,798, against 171,339 in 1935. The number of Ambulance Award gained reached a figurc of 6,392 compared \vith 6,296 last year, whilst the railway cia ses formed numbered 333, an increasc of 22 on the previou' year. It is of interc t to note that 10 ladies' classes were formed during the period under review, an incrcase of 3.

The number of gold medals and bars awarded wa 135 and 73 respectiYely, makinO' a total since inception of 1,132 medals and 889 bars.

The number of teams taking part in Competitions held under the Company's auspices lIas 213, an increase of 6 compared with the previous year.

Grateful thanks are expressed to Ambulance sccretaries, class and other officials, for their a i lance to thc Ambulance Movement.

ORTII EAsTERK ARE,\.

It has given great satisfaction to the Raih\ a) Ambulance members of the North Eastern Arca to he able to record the encouragement which has he en extended to two well-known ambulance workers.

At an investiture of the Gand Priory of the British Realm of the Venerable 0 rder of St. John of J crusalem, held at St. John's Gate, London, on 1 oyember 20th, l\Jr. John Forrest, Stores Issuer, \Vest Hartlepool) and 11r. John H. Wilson, Warehouse Foreman, Stockton, were invested as Serving Brothers of the Order. The Investiture being made by the Earl of Scarborough.

During November many class presentations of awards were held throughout the N.E. Area.

The Witton-Ie-Wear class held their fifth annual dinner in the Railway Hotel. l\1r. S. W. Timms presided.

Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presented to the class secretary, Mr. A. E. Robson, the Company's IS-year gold long-service medal. The Chairman referred to Mr. Robson as a veteran in the movement although only 35 years of age.

Dr. G. Caldwell presented the awards and stated it was one of the pleasures of his life -to lecture to such an interesting body of men. He referred to the good work performed hy 1\1 r. T. Brown, thc class instructor.

The presentations Lo members of the North Road class took place in the Co-operative Hall, Darlington.

Mr T. B. Hare, District Supt. and President of the

F 1RST

Darlington District) presided over a gathering of about -+00 and congratulated the members on their 100 per cent. pass. He urged all to obtain at least one new recruit to join the class.

Mr. R. A. Smeddle, Works Manager, presented the (l\'vard, whilst Mr. S Cooper, Centre Secretary, also congratulated the class and hoped they would have a 'iuccessful session.

1\Ir. W. 'tanding, the cIa s secretary, was responsible illr the arrangement.

The presentation of the Hull East class awards took place ill the L. & .E.R. TIL titute, Hedon Road, on Tuesday. l\oyember 10th.

7IIi. Lamb, Assistant Yard presided and COI1the members on their succcss during the last session and hoped they would ha\ e many new members during the prc ent session. )'Irs. Lamb presented the a WCI rds.

:'II r. S. Coopcr. Centre ecrctary, spoke on the activities in the ·orth Eastern rea and thanked all for their help during the la t session. and hoped this cla.ss, which \\ a cntcring upon its second year, would meet WIth 'itill further llcce . The arrant:'cl11ents were In the ahle hands of 1\Ir. '\lar. hall. cla s 'ccretary.

A _ ocial evening and dance in conncction ",ith the ]lfL entation of awards ohtained by the Tewcastle Police cIa' \las held in the Literary In titute, Gateshead. on Thursday, NOYCl11ber 12th, at which a large number of friends attended despite t.hc bad weathcr.

During the intcryal Inspcctor \V. \Vilson. the Chairman. called upon upt. \V. Charlton to present the awards to the ucces. ful tudent'i and hefore doing so SllPt. Charlton congratulated the memher and tressed the need for a knoll of first aid.

'\fr. Cooper. Ccntre ccrdary, presented the L.X.E.R. long- en ice gold medal to 'Mr. R. Brown and remarkcd that he wa hopeful {)[ the 1936/37 session hreaking all preyioll record in the North Eastern Area. The arran(?,cments were ably carried out by the clas ecretar), T\I r. II. murthwaite.

The TYllC Dock Ambulance clas awards were presented at a ocial held on aturday, Noyember 14th. The proccedings opcncd \\'ith a tea ,\'hich in turn was followed l>y the prcscntation. an entertainment and a dance.

)11'. \V. II. Dickinson. President, presided and COI1the member and teams on their successes.

1Ir. L. Ballan. District upt., presented the " Lumsden JJ Bowl to 1\Ir. \"1. Sinton and the" DickinsonLeigh" Cup Lo l1r. R. Plater. The certificates, vouchers, and medallions were presented by 1\lr. S. A. Finnis, Dock upt., whilst J\Ir. F, L. Johnson, Editor of the SOlltli Shields Ga::;ette, pre ented the labels, and also the " Gazctte" Cup to "0.1r. E. H. \Vhipp and the "Currie Grant" hield to 1\1r. R. Plater.

1\1r. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presented a longservice gold medal to 1\1r. H. Carr) a gold bar for 20 years to Mr. E. Church, and a 30 years' gold bar to Mr. D. Plews, also the Horden, Hetton, and South Hetton Cups to the Tyne Dock team.

Mr. J. Burrows is the class sccretary and he made all arrangements for the fl1l1ct;on.

The fifth Aunual Ambulance Competitioll for the Hull District Officers' Cup was held in the Lecture Hall, Paragon Statloll) on Noyember 21st.

A I n

Five teams entered for the contest and a large company saw the trophy and silver medals go to the Dairycoates team with 203i marks, the runners-up being Paragon o. 1 team with marks.

Mr. J. S. Harper, District Supt. and President of the Hull District, presented the Cup to the Captain of the winning team.

The judges for the competition were Dr. . Jennings, Dr. H. P. Milligan, and Dr. F. Deacon, who spoke of the high standard of work that had been performed, and congratulated the teams concerned.

,:\11'. Harper again urged all present to obtain new members to the various classes in Hull, and from information he had received he had great hopes of the membership being considerahly increased during the present session.

)'1r. \\-. Tixol1, the Hull District Chairman, said howsorry they all ,yere that 11rs. Harper was unable to attend and on behalf of the Council asked Mr. Harper to accept a bouquet of flowers for 1\lrs. Harper.

The arrangements in connection with the competition \\ ere in the able hands of J\Ir. G. H. Oakes, the District Secretary, and his Committee.

SOuTHERK AREA.

The final competitions of the Great Central Centn: \\cre held on Thursday, December 3 I'd, when the fi,'c leading teams of the preliminary round presented the111sel\'Cs at Station to decide the champion team. Col. 11. 1IacEwan, D F.C, T.D., was the judge, and in the individual test set the following case. A man rushes forward and explains that he has hurt himself. On examination it was found he had a wound from palm of hand and a fracture of middle third of humerus, all injuries on right side. Five minutes were allowed to treat the case which was really ample time providing competitors did their work in an efficient manner. On onc occasion, hO\\'Cyer, we noticed that digital pressure wa placed on the Brachial after the fracture had been found. In the team test a man, in rushing to catch a train, had tripped and fallen on the ground. Breathing was ab em and he had sustained \voll11d on head with depressed fracture of skull, compression, and fracture of right patella. On being found that breathing was absent some team lcaders forgot Rule 1, General Rules for Treatment of Asphyxia, but subsequently remembered and found a piece of apple in the mouth.

Capt. The Hon. E. B. Butler-Henderson) President of the Centre, pre ided at the prize distribution and called upon Capt v\'. Goodley, 1\1.C, Centre Secretary, to announce the re ult which ,,,as as fo11o\\'s :-1) Dukinfield, 368 marks; 2, New Holland, 327; 3, Gorton Works, 291 ; -1-, utton-in-A hfield, 5, Langwith, 2'+7 Highest incli\'idual: J. Eaves, No.2 of Dukinfield, 80 out of 105

The President presented the Championship Shield and other prizes to the members of the teams, and said how pleased he ",as to be present. He had noticed the great keennes hown by teams and on previous functions the interest in the work had been manifest by all members

During the year -1-6 an of two, oecn held and 9-1-5 awards gamed. Sl11ce the formatIon of the Centrc the total number of a\vards was 13,179. Twenty-four gold medals for 15 years' service and 8 bars for a further 5 year had been presented to members making a total of 297. Three members of the Centre had heen inl'estcd \vith the crying Brother of the Order 1\1r. Butler-Henderson concluded his remarks by extending good wishes f01: the future and thanks to those to whom the Centre was l11debted.

Col. addre ed the competitors. Whilst the team test was) on the whole, well done, he was disap-

pointed in the work displayed in the individual test. There was far too much saying what would be done but unless it was really done no marks could be given. The judge briefly ran through the tests pointing out where mistakes had occurred.

The presentation of awards to members of the tratford (G.E. Section) Division took place on November 12th at a concert held in the Mechanics' Institute.

Mr. S. L. Baister, B.Sc. (Loco. Works Manager), presented the awards and he "vas supported by Ald. Tom Groves, J.P., M.P., Mr. T. O. Mein, Dr. W. Benton, Capt. \V. Goodley and others. The awards included 17 certificates, 12 youchers) 11 medallions and 99 labels. The lectures were giyen by Dr. Benton.

Since the last presentation three members have been admitted to the Order of St. John as Serving Brothers. They are Mes rs. \Villiam Broom (clerk), Albert Ager (iron moulder) and Charles Raney (machineman). The Di"i ion haye now 5 members ,,,ho are holders of this rank.

During the past session 27 practices were held with an ayerage attendance of 47.

So uther n.

The annual concert and presentation of a,vards to members of the Reading class was held recently, Mr. E. G. Blackman, station master) presiding.

The chairman emphasised the urgent need for keeping the ambulance work on the railways to the front and appealed for more of the younger men to join the movement.

11rs. L. A. Thorman presented the awards and was the recipient of a handsome bouquet. A bouquet was also handed to 1\1rs. Blackman.

Thanks were accorded Dr. l\lurphy for his services as lecturer and to the Borough Chief Constable for use of room.

11r. A. \V. Johnson presided at the annual concert and presentation of awards of the Yeovil class, supported by Dr. Gee (lecturer), Mrs. Gee, who presented the awards, 1\1r. F. J. Hancock (District Secretary) and Mr. A. C. Gooding (Class Secretary).

The chairman commented on the efficiency of railwaymen in general in ambulance work and referred to a recent fine performance of first aid by local railwaymen. He was pleased to note that the number of first aiders on the Southern Railway was steadily increasing.

The awards presented included 7 certificates, 4 vouchers, 4 medallions and 23 labels. Some of the recipients of the labels had no less than 37 years' service to their credit.

Dr. Gee, in reply to a vote of thanks proposed by Mr. Hancock, said he had a very high opinion of the Yeovil class.

A J01l1t Southern Railway and Great Western Railway ambulance dinner was recently held in Barnstaple. This was the first time the two companies had combined for such a function and proved very successful.

Mr. W. E. Neil (Loco. Foreman, Exeter) presided and Mr. De Pury presented the Southern awards. Certificates of merit were presented to Messrs. Cording, Capp, Rice and Galliford.

The following members of the S.R. staff have qualified for the Long Service award :Bronze Medal (7 years)-David E. Finch, Clerk, Goods, Bricklayer's Arms; Ernest W. Jones, Porter, Eltham; Edward A. Fox, Carman, Bricklayer's Arms; Wilfred P. Lunn, Clerk, Dockmaster's Dept., Southampton Docks; Edward J. James, Loader, Nine Elms. i1ver Medal (14 years)-John G. King, Motorman, elhurat; \Villiam G. Bright, Fireman, Stewarts Lane.

Colli ery Am b ul a nc e Ne w s. LITTLETO COLLIERIES FIRST AID OCIETY.

The annual tea and pr sentation of pri;tes was held at the Central Hotel, Blackfords; C. Davies (vice-pre ident) presided. He was supported by Dr. D. lcAinsh, lr. R. Walmsley, 1r. P. pencer, l\lr. H. Astley. Mr. H. .\. Spencer (Secretary, Cannod:: hase Coal Scheme), 1\1r. D. Round (Society Secretary) and others.

The chairman said the Society was formed in 1924, largely due to the efforts of :'Ilr. R. \Valmsley, with a membership of 20. This year the member hip numbered 192 and no fewer than 1,473 worker at the Littlpton 'ollicries had attended the classes. The first year, four teams entered for the Cannocl{ Chase Coalowner' hield, but since then the championship had been won on four occasions. Eight years ago a junior section for boys was inaugurated, and in the first year a team from the Littleton Collieries fini hed in twelfth position in the coalowner open competition. 'ince then however, better positions had been obtained. There was also a junior indi\'idual competition. A cup had al 0 been given by the Littleton Collieries, Ltd., to be held each year by the team obtaining highest place in the coalo\\'ner open competition.

Medals \yere pro\'ided by the colliery officials and others interested, for the teams ecuring fir t and second in the Coalowners' Shield competition, out of the Littleton teams entered. Silver medals were presented by the chairman to G. Humphries, R. "\ddison, J. J. Walker and 11. Dyson, and bronze medals Lo P. Pritchards, B. Whilton, R. Heaford and]. Black.

The Society was indebted to Drs. Hutchinson, and McAinsh for their kindness during the past year.

l\Ir. Walmsley appealed for new members and emphasised the importance of continued study. The ociety had won the Cannock Chase hield as many time as any other Society and was first to win the indi\'idual cup.

The Chairman presented the awards, which induded home nursing and hygiene certificates and pendants.

YORKSHIRE COLLIER1ES Al\IBULA CE LEAGUE.

The trophies and medals won in the final of the above League's competition for first year men were presented at Doncaster, on Saturday, K ovember 28th.

Mr. Q. J. Phillipson (Manvers Main Collia)' Co.) distributed the trophies and said that a high standard of efficiency should be maintained in collieries in view of the many accidents.

Mr. H. J. Humphrey, H. M. Inspector of Mines for Yorkshire, presided over the gathering. He was disappointed with the entries this year and he hoped they would do everythihg in their power to encourage the work.

The results were: "Lane Fox" Shield :-1, Wath Main, 402 points; 2, Dinnington Main, 389; 3, New Monckton, 365.

" Embleton" Cup, for individual work :-1, H. Phillips (New Monckton), 89 points; 2, E. Benton (Dinnington Main) and J. Horton (Wath Main) 81 ; 3, Milnthorpe (Hatfield Main), 71

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

O. 1. DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.

A familiar figure will be missed from District Headquarters now that 1\1rs. Horton has resig-ned from the post of secretary to the Commissioner.

Irs. Horlon has held this position for 18 years under three Commissioners- 1r. Winny, Lt.-Col. Brooks and Capt. Goodley-and many, besides her chiefs, have been grateful for her rearly help. In February, 1927, she became a Serving iter of The Order.

l\1r IIorton carries with her in her retirement the best wishes of all in TO. 1 District who came in contact with her.

E,\STERN AREA.-The annual competition for the " Edith \\lard" hield took place on Saturday, November 21st, at the Lathom-road chools, East Ham. Teams from Barking, East IIam, Grays, Fairlop and Bromley-by-Bo\v Xursing Divisions competed.

The scene staged wa the interior of a house. A child left in bed with a cold, gets out, slide down the bannisters and fall in the hall, sustaining- a simple fracture of the ribs, and a wound 011 the with venous bleeding. The mother, hearing- the cry, ru hes to her assistance, but in doing so scalds her hand, and calls for heir. The nurses, while attending to the child, discover that she is also suffering- from mea Ie

Thi test was judged by..:\sst. Commissioner Capt. F. E. Bendix, who had realistically faked the injuries and the measle He was assisted by Lady District Officer :'Ilrs. l\lorrish, who judged the home ing, Dr. Kendall, former Assl. Commis ioner of Eastern Area, who took the individual practical tests, and Dr. "'hiting, County Surgeon, who (rave marks for the viva voce. Lady District upt. Miss Walker judged uniforms.

The winning team was \Vest Ham (Lady Amb. Officer Miss Amb. isters s Houghton, Miss Tomkinson and MISS \Vest) with 4671 marks, followed by Bromley-byBow, 4321 ; Fairlop, +2 ; Barking, 421 ; Grays, 4051.

There was a large gathering of interested spectators, ar:lOn.g whom were Capt. Goodley (Commissioner of No.1 Dlstnct) and Mrs. Goodley, His \Vorship the 1ayor of East Ham, Alderman Mrs. Taylor, r. and l\lrs. Boultwood, Dr. Thor:nas, Dr. Dubash, Lady District Oflicer (Reserve) Miss Curtis, a.nd officers of neighbouring Divi ions.

DUring the afternoon, the Commissioner presented a sliver cake stand to Dr. Kendall, on behalf of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, on relinquishing his command. He als? presented a cheque to Dr. W. Benton, J. P., on his retirement from the position of uro-eon of the East Ham ursing Division. It was a gift frobm the members of the Nursing and Cadet Divisions. Both recipients suitaby responded, Dr. Benton mentioning that he intended purchasing an electric stove.

At the conclusion, Dr. Kendall presented the trophies to the winners as follows :_

.' Adamson" Bowl for highest individual marks in the competition, Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Moore.

Ea.st Ha.m Divisional Trophies.-" Papworth " Cup for !'Irst A.ld, MISS Houghton; " Davie" Cup for Home Nursmg, MISS Chaplin; " Edith Ward" Bowl for Improvisation Miss West.

Barking Divisional Trophy.-cc Leftley" Cup, Miss Stringer.

East Ham Nursing Cadets.-" Edith Ward" Shield for First Aid, N. Bax; " Morrish" Cup for Home Nursing, E. Twose, "Margaret Eaton" Shield for teams (improvising), Cadets E. Twose, M. Read and J. Giddings.

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. COMPETITION AT CHELTENHAM.-The annual competition between teams from Nursing Divisions in Cheltenham was held on December 3rd, at St. Luke's Hall, when five teams entered for the tests. So keen was the competition between the entrants, that the judges, Dr. Grace Billings (team test), Dr. Andrews (individual first aid), and Dr. Hilda May (individual home nursing), had a difficult task in adjudicating, and at the end only a very few marks decided the trophy winners.

Among the large audience were Dr. Barrett Cardew (County Commissioner), Lady County Officer -'1iss Faber, :\lr. Lewis and Miss \Vood, Dr. and Mrs. Pollard, Dr. and Mrs. Bruce Wallace, Mrs. Hodder (Hon. Secretary, B. R. C. S.) and many others.

In the team test, the nurses were supposed to be on duty at a garden fete, and in a nearby cottage an accident occurs. A father and son are attempting to carry a heavy trunk upstairs when the lad slips and fractures a patella. The father struggles with the trunk and at the top of the stairs collapses, and is found to be suffering from rupture.

The prize winners were :-

" Shield "-Central Nursing Division, 104 marks.

" Shewell" Cup-Cheltenham Nursing Division, 102.

Individual Senior Cup-:\lrs. Palmer, Central l\'ursing Division, 194.

Runner-up (also awarded a cup), l\Iiss Wiggins, 193.

Individual Junior Cup- 1iss Trimmer, Central Nursing Division, 197,

Individual Recruits Cup- 1iss Doxsey, Cheltenham Division, 163.

" Carrick" Cup for attendance-0liss Doxsey and Miss Davis (Central Nursing Division).

At the prize giving ceremony, Corps Supt., the Rev. C. Cousens Petch presided and introduced Mrs. Sleeman, who presented the awards. He hoped that her husband, Col. Sleeman, Chief Commissioner of the Brigade O\'erseas, would have a successful tour of India.

Irs. Sleeman expressed her pleasure at being present, and hoped she would be able to help again in the future. An omnibus vote of thanks to those who had assisted with the competitions ,,,as moved by Dr. B. Cardew.

SALE OF

WORK

AT

\VINCHESTER.-A

\'ery successful sale of work, organised by the Winchester City Nursing Division, was held on Decem ber 3rd, in the Red Triangle Hall, being opened by Miss Garbett, sister of the Bishop of Winchester. On the platform for the opening ceremony were Major A. Tennyson Smith, County Commissioner, Lady County Officer Miss Hayes, liss Garbett, 1 rs. Spencer Lawson and Mrs. Barker.

Major Tennyson 8mith, who took the chair, said it

always gaye him the greatest pleasure to be associated with the work in \Vinchester because he found the greatest amity existing- between the Ambulance and Nursing Diyisions, and was struck by the efficiency, keenness, interest and intelligence displayed by the members. He was surprised and delighted at the number of hours members of the Nursing Division had put in at the Infirmary, they giving up practically the whole of their spare time to this good work. The Brigade did not plead for members, but did put these matters before the public that perhaps they might realise it to be their duty to help in this glorious work.

The Brig-ade had to rely upon the result of flag-day and such-like efforts for the necessary funds to carry out its great work. One of the objects of the bazaar was to help the scheme initiated by the \Vinchester Di\,i ion to form an endo\\'ment fund for the County org-anisation, towards \yhich they had already raised £100. He could assure them that such a fund would be of inestimable help to him, and on behalf of the county staff he thanked the \\ inchestcr Division for their magnificent thought and deed.

He then asked !\liss Garbett, whose presence, he said was a very great honour, to declare the ba zaar open.

:\liss Garbett said she was very glad to be there to su pport the Nursing Division in \Vinchester. As the years went on, the work steadily increased. New claims had been put upon it through the large number of road a c cidents, and i ll the future there might be further responsibilities in connection with air raids. At the present time they had twenty-fiye trained members and some forty cadets. They helped at the Infirmary, accompanied women to hospital, and did all kinds of useful wurk. All ga\ e their seryices \ oluntarily, and so they had a special claim on the support of the public.

1rs. Spencer Leeson proposed a vote of thanks to Miss Garbett, and said that they had promised to raise £200 for the County Fund. They had already raised £100, and the proceeds of the bazaar would go towards the remaining balance and to the T ursing Divisional Fu nds.

In the l\liss Edna Churchill and her pupils gave an excellent display of dancing- which was much appreciated.

• o. 3 DISTRI CT, S.]. A. B.

DuDLEY NURSI 'G are extended to Miss E. Ollis, Lady Superintendent of this Di"ision, upon whom the honour of Serving Sister of The Order has heen conferred.

Miss Ollis has had forty years' association with the \\'ork of the Brigade, haying passed her examinations in 1897. It was not until 1915, however, that a Nursing Di\ ision was formed in Dudley, and she joined t hree months after its formation, becoming its third Superintendent in 1920. She is still as active as e\ er, and has instructed a large n umber of classes in am bulance work.

With her two brothers, ex-Supt. C. Ollis and Supt. W. Ollis, the three together have a record of over 100 years' Brigade service between them.

No.5 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

NOTTINGHAM CORPS. - The City Nursing Division, which was registered on ovember 18th, 1915, and is the senior ursing Division of the Corps, recently completed twenty-one years' service as a unit of the Brigade, and celebrated the occasion with a Supper and Dance at the Mikado Cafe on November 14th.

There was a good attendance of about 160 officers and members of the Nottingham Corps with their friends, including Mr. A. B. Gibson, J.P., Asst. Commissioner; Lady District Officer Miss Gibson; Dr. A. la Touche Darley, County Surgeon; Corps Surgeon Dr. Parker and Mrs. Parker; Corps Supts. A. G. Weller and S. Ibbotson with Mrs. vVeller and Mrs. Tbbotson; Lady Supt. Mrs ,

Paling; Lady Corps Of1leer Miss Oldfield; Di\,. Surgeons l'lajor Cohen and Dr. Denham; Mr. and 1\1rs. H. C. RatclilT (former Corps Officers), and Lady Div Supt. 1\1rs. Wyse and 1\ l r. \ Vyse.

Dancing, interspersed with items by the Nott i ngham City Police Concert Partp, was enjoyed before and after the supper, at which the As i tant Commissioner presided. The health and prosperity of the City Tursing Division was proposed ill a humourou peech by Dr. Parker, to which Lady District Officer liss Gibson, \\,ho \\'a a former member and later Lady Supt. of the Division, replied on behalf of the Division.

Lady Div. Supt. 1\lrs. Wyse very gracefully expressed her aprreciation of the attendance at this function, and thanked all those who had contributed to the uccess of the e\·ening.

The evening closed with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.

;\0. 9 DISTRICT, S.].A. B. PORTLAND NURSI!\'G and their friends spent a very happy evening on December 2nd, when they held a \vhist drive and dance at the King-sway Hotel. The hall was decorated with a Chri tl11tlS effect by l\Ir. Mitchell.

The company present included ;\lr. ami 1\lrs. II. J. anSOl11, l\1ajor and !\J rs. SRnsom, Dr. 1'11. J. aunder, Dr. Cooper, Dr. Colin Forbe ;\1r. and l\lrs. Da\ ison, the Re\,. and Mrs. Hurley, and Father Carter.

During the evening memb e r in uniform paraded 11cforL 1\1rs. H. J ansom, who presented the ,(ward

YORKSHIRE V.A.D. 36 York

;\0. 1 team were the \\ inners ot the enior women's competition in the V.A. D. Finals, held in Harewood Barracks, Leeds, on Saturday, November 21 t. They were a\\ ardec1 the" Bingham' Cup. Acombe took took cond r lace Eig-ht teams competed, while fifLeen entered for the bedmaking competition. The re ults were announced by Brig-adier-General VV. Sandys, County Controller, as follow:-

1, 1\0. 36, York No.1, 6'S; 2, 1\0. g , \combe, 84'6; 3, No. 78, Lecds 10 .1,84 3; -I, No. 36, York ;\0. 2, 1',. Junior Women. - 1, Ko. 238, Barnsley, 59 6 2, \\'akefield 2, 59'5. Wakefield o. 2 WOll the bed making competition with 90 marl,s.

Senior vVomen.-Bedmaking, I o. 232, choles, 37 mad<:s out of a possible 40.

Brig.-General Sandys read a telegram from the Prince s Royal asking for the results of the competition to be communicated to her.

The past year's work had been satisfactory, he said. They now had 46 branches with 1,180 members, hn increase of 40 members over last year. An unfortunate fact was that the competitions were slowly losing interest, especially in the events for men. He hoped for an improvement next year.

Colonel A \.-Vear, one of the judges, said the standard of work in the competition had been high. It was the duty of everyone to know, not only what the effect of poison gas was, but how to deal with its victims. It was a matLer which everyone should know in these days, whether they belong to the V. A D or not. When we were threatened with gas from all over the world, it was the duty of all to make themselves proficient in dealing with" gas II cases.

Mrs Birkbeck, another judge, also referred to the hig h standard of work at the competition. It was the duty of a ll to make themselves efficient in every way, and members of the V.A. D should study the subject of Air Rn,id f'reC(l4ti005

horoughl)', ::'0 that they could ever uphold the hono u rab le name of the St. John .-\mbulance Brigade.

G. C. Kelly, wife of Kelly, presented Lhe roph les and cu r to (he wi nnerf;.

B. R. C. COMPETITIONS AT AI{L NDEL.-Arundel detachment of the Chichester Division wa succes ful in winningthe" lIay" Cup in the competitions held on aturda), Togeth r \\' it h the runners-up, Bogno:RegiS, they will repre ent the Division Rt the forthcoming County contests to bc held at Brighton.

The l\layor and layoress of Arundel, Cr. and Ir s Grea\'es, watched the oral and practical te ts.

For the team test, an imaginan' accident in a cafe in which one waitres broke R knee-ca'p and cut her wrist' on broken cro c kery, and another fainted, tested the skill and kno\\ ledg-e of til contetants.

The judges were , \lcxandcr, team work; :'IIi (t eams); Dr. Pearson, first aid home nursing- (indi\ iJual).

F I'R S T

immons, uniforms Dr. Butcher, home nursing (individual) ; :'Iliss Shaw,

The point awarded were: 1, ,\rundel 450t; 2, Bog-Ilor Reg-i'i, 3, lidhurst, 4,' Chicheste r , -tOSk; 5, LilLlchRll1pton, 383.

AIR R \11) PRE LE Tt HF. AI LEATHERHEAD.-org-ani d by the Voluntary Aid Detachments of the BrItl h R dross oci.?lY, were attended by about 100 women. who came from a far afield a East Grinstead Epsom and E her. The course included tIOns 111 u e of. protecti"e clothing- and respirators. Gas mask drIll \\'(1 gJ\'cn by erg-t. \Vhite, 5th Battalion, East urrer Regt. close of the course, 38 candidates sat for the and all were succe ful, ome with distinction. FIrst certIficates were obtained by 32, advanced certificates by four, and two member won proficiency badges. It is hope? th; U 'ceo ful candidates will form the nucleus of an AIr Raid r recautlon Re en e for the district. The 'ounty Director of the 'urrer Branch of tile

B. R. C , I\'ho is Counly Org-ani cr for Aid 'Raid has WrItten congratulating the cRndidatcs on their succes

(Divisional news and competitions, social, interestII1g duties, le.ctures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Ister, cl(I The Editor, FIRST AID, 46 Cannonstreet, London, E. C. of.

FOUI\'D. - Large ilver Medallion No. 40136, on the l11ain Donca ter- elb) RORd O,vner can obtain same by application to Corps Officer ,\. \\'. F R "' ree, ockside House, Askern, near Doncastsr.

->----<-

C On the occasion of the annual meeting of Peterboro u gh entre of the S J A A D lIT 1\ • C ." r. V 1arshall, ChaIrman of the entre \Va prese t d h I ' n e Wit a eather bound volume, a u toby 220 mem bers, and an oak sectiona l book case With book ends.

A FEW OF THE MANY ADVA NTAG ES OF OUR SPECIAL COACHING SERVICE

• • • • • • •

You ca n g a n an ex p e rt kn o wledge of ANATOMY PHYSIOLOG Y , SWED ISH MASSAGE A ND CAL ELECTR ICIT Y with o ut drudgery, in the easiest a n d m os t e co nomical manner.

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COUPON - POST . NOW

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Address F.A Dec., 1936

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cop fes of this Jourllal for members. Apply to the Cannon St., London E.C.4. A I D. 157

Home Service Ambulance Comrnittee.

i\t the end of September 1936, there were 145 of the Committee's ambulances in the Country and 218 affiliated stations, making a total of 363.

During the September quarter 3 ,638 patients were carried, bringing the total number of cases carried up to Septem ber 30th, 1936, to 1,6 3,18-1-. Of this number Devonshire, with 8 Committee and 21 affiliated yehicles, carried 351,118, Lancashire, \V., with 1 Committee and 3 affiliated \'ehicles, being second on the list with 215,098.

The report for the September quarter draws attention to the Ministry of Transport regulations regarding glass windscreens and windows on the front of "ehicles and the fittingof efficient windscreen wipers.

Decontamination of vehicles and gara g es subje c ted to mustard gas is fully dealt with.

Public Health Congress & Exhibition.

The above was held in London during the week commencing November 16, and some features of interest to first aiders \vere shown.

The Austin l\lotor Co., Ltd., exhibited two ambulances -one 20 h. p. and one 18 h. p. The former was a fever ambulance, being supplied to the Bognor Regis U. D. C., mounted on a special chassis giving a low loading level. It was fitted with a Lom a s stretcher and had detachable white washable rubber co vered seat cushions and headrests. The stretcher was self-locking and it was possible to move the foot of the stretcher towards the centre gangway and thus allow easy loading and unloading.

Also exhibited on this stand was the well-known double elevating stretcher gear manufactured by Messrs. Carters Ltd., of London.

On the s t and of the Ford Mo t or Co., Ltd., v:as exhibited an anti-gas van, the first to be shown. Mounted on a 5-C'Nt. chassis it had accommodation for gas masks, a " Novox " resuscitator, a "Sal v us" breathing apparatus, protective oilskin clothing, a lifp-line and rubber boots. This exhibit created a good deal of interest, more especially as local authorities are now t aking up air raid precautions.

Another exhibit was an ambulan ce on a Fordson ambulance chassis of 106 in. wheelbase It had a spacious bod y and was equipped with Lomas stretchers and highest quality fittings. Mr. A. Lomas, of lessrs. H. Lomas, Ltd., was present to answer questions regarding ambulance construction.

Vauxhall Motors Ltd., exhibited two ambulances - one a Bedford-de-Luxe model and the other a Vauxhall 25-h. p. model. The former was an ideal car for local work with accommodation for two stretcher, or one stretcher and four sitting cases. The seat on the off-side contained a collapsible shelf and in a second was ready to take the second s tretcher. The foot of the fixed stretcher swung in and allowed for easy loading and unloading. The equipment included stretcher, Dunlopillo stretcher bed and pillow, medicine cabinet, splint locker, etc.

The Vauxhall had a Lomas" S" type body with full equipment by Lomas Ltd. There were twelve different interiors to choose from and the whole had a very pleasing appearance.

Clement Talbot, Ltd., were showing a special lowloading motor ambulance, 20'9 h. p. I t was of the twostretcher stretcher type wi th the stretcher platforms on tubular pedestals. One stretcher was of all metal with spring mattress, &c., and the other of the folding emergency type. There was a special compartment for a " NovaK" resuscitor, splint cupboard , &c.

Ambulance from News Cuttings the Press.

The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of gene ral interest for inclusion in this column.

TRAPPED IN Rn'ER UNDER TRI CYCLE.

\Vhile John Leith, of Windsor, was pedalling his icecream tricycle along the towing-path at Eton yesterday the machine skidded into the river and Leith "was trapped beneath it in ten feet of water.

Two men in a holiday camp punt immediately dived in. They were expert divers, and after several attempts managed to release Leith and get him to the bank. He wa was seriously injured and taken to Windsor Hospilal.Daily ilIail.

DOG'S BARK SA\'ES I\L\S T ER

Attraclect by the barking of a dog, re cuers at Ilfracombe, Devon, yesterday discovered the animal's master, 1\1r. H. Venables, unconscious on a rock some distan ce from the shore.

He had dived into the sea from a r o ck and stru c k hi s head on another, but had been able to climb ba c k on to the first rock before losing cons c iousnes

Three men who \-vere impressed by th e d og ob\'iou excitement secured a boat and rowed out to the ro c k.

Throughout the rescue the do g- barked uncea s ingly, and when the rescuers brought its ma s t e r a har e it le d [he way to lr. Venable's home.-Dairy 5ikelclt.

TRAPPED l\1A ES C AP E S F RO:'.! FREE Z ER.

Tearing his way with a meathook through the " al1 of freezing chamber in which he was impri o n ed, a m ea t packer at Auckland, New Zealand, has s aved him s elf frolll being frozen to death.

Mr. M. Hampton, an employee of the Auckland )[e a t Company, Ltd., entered the free zer to read the th e rm o met e r, and pulled the door to behind him.

When he had finished h e tried tu oren th e door It had locked itself and he was trapped.

He saw a meathook on the floor, and used it to attack the wall, which was made of wood and compressed cork. It was about eight inches thiclc

After working for two hours, he reached the outer lay e r, when the noise of the blows was heard and the door opened. Standard.

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The annual ambulance competition of the vVarwickshire County Police Force was held on Tovember 26th, when Warwick Headquarters team were successful in winning the cup presented by the Chief Constable of the County (Commander E. R. B. Kemble).

3' e

Nine teams entered for the "Gertrude" Cup competition held under the auspices of Cwmtillery Ambulance Class, and was won by No. 9 team under W. Screen, captain. Individual prizes were won by 1. Stokes W. Readingl E. Watts and Norrpan Jones,

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Que ries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

I. -Letters con tainin g Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

z - All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Co up o n " cut from the current issue 01 the Journal, or, in case of Que ries flom abroad, from a recent issue.

3. - The Textbook, to which relel ence may be madt in this colun n is th e 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. M anual of First Aid.

TREADIEl\T OF FRACTURED r\\\,.

B K. (Cricklewood).-At Di\"isional Practice this week I was asked what I would do in a case of a Fracture of the Lower Jaw if the patient showed sig-ns of vomiting

I replied that I would remove the bandag-es by slipping them off, supporting the lower jaw with the palm of my hand, and turning the patient's head to the sound side.

r was told that I was wrong,. and that r should have remO\-ed the bandages by untying them. Thi s caused considerable debate, and your kind ruling will be greatly appreciated.

As the act of vomiting may take place suddenly and without much warning, I prefer your method, because it can be instantaneously effected.-:'\". CORBET FLETCHER.

Ex ull ' ATION HOWLER.

M. R. (Cannon-street). - In a recent examination I asked a candidate to define artiflcial respiration; and I was amused when she replied :-' ( It is a means of bringing ba ck to a pat£ent who is already d ead and gone .I "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

SUFFOCATION DURIl\G SLEEP.

N.R. (Cardiff).-l\ot long ago I was told that a young man had heen found dead in bed with his face buried in the soft pillows, and that at the inquest a doctor had stated that death had been hastened by fatty degeneration of the heart. \,yill you please tell me if this is a common occurrence?

Infants are sometimes asphyxiated in this way during sleep; but it is an extremely rare cause of death in a dult s The lesson apparently is that people with weak hearts should not use large soft pillows for the support of their heads during sleep . --N.C.F.

USE OF PETROL FOR WOUl\US.

P. B. (Coventry). - Recently I heard it stated that in an emergency petrol could be used for the treatment of wounds, and that in factories where petrol had been introduced for this purpose the number of re-dressings had been considerably reduced. Your advice on this point will be very welcome.

Petrol is certa inly an antiseptic, a nd is used by so me s urgeo ns for the preparation of the s kin previous to operation s Further, to some exte nt, it will contro l bleeding. The ch ief drawback to its us e, however, is that il may prove a n irrit a nt ; but this is negligible if, as h as been claimed, petrol can be relied up on to ward off tetanus in motor accidents in which wounds are contaill in ated by soi l from the road - .C.F.

TREATl'IlENT OF FR ,\CTUREU PAI'ELL /\.

A. H. (Liverpool).-Al one of our Divisional Practice a discussion took place with reference to the application of bandage with Fractured Patella. 0 please telJ me if, aftpr app lying bandage for patella, you must pul! the bandage on to the patella, cross in figure-of-eight figure and draw upward, or if you I11U l just lie the bandage in the ordinary figure-of-eight position O\'er the patella.

Your difficulty i somewhat dillicult to under land; but your first s u ggestion seems to correspond more c losely with Rule 5 on p. 76 of the Textbook, the instructions of which, to me, a r e perfectly clear.

The point is that the bandage mu t be 0 lied thal it encircles and controls the patella, v,·hich is a mall quasitriangu lar bone. - N . C. F.

FRACTLJRES

OF Borll LEG.

H. vV. (New Barnet). At a recent Divisional Practice then; was set a test case in which it wa a sumed the patient had fractured both legs.

I had to attend to the injury, and having uflicient equipment and another first aider to help, I pro ceeded to treat each leg separately, whilstm)' assistant steadied the limbs. T his meant I had four splints, with bandages above and below the fracture and abo\"e the knees tied around each leg separately, and the t\\'o leg finally secured by a broad bandage round both knees and a figu r e-of-eight round the feet.

Was my method of treating this supposed InjUry correct? I should greatly appreciate your comment upon this point, as I ha\'e read and appreciated your answers to correspondents in FIR T AID.

To me your treatment was perfectly correct and coincides with the advice which I have always given. When you have to d eal with two or more injuries in the same individual, treat them separately if you can. Then the Joctor who receives the patient can expose, examine and treat each without disturbing the others until he is ready so to do. In other words, such action faci litates the work of the doctor.

-N C.F.

IN FIRST A lU.

E. S. (] o h an n esbu r g, S. Africa) - Herewith 1 enclose the mat king s he et u se d in the recent Peacock Trophy Competition, which is only open to recruits. A Lady Divisio nal Superintendent, di scussing the test with one of her girls, said :--" Surely Y0It could see tlwt her (ac e 'loa.)" flushed!" The competitor at once replied :- '" J 'es, I did note the flushed face oj tlte patt'ent; but, thinkmg that she had put on too 7Iluclz 1'01tge, I dt"d not l£ke to be personal.l.l" I thought that yo u wou ld enjoy this Th ank you. I do e nj oy the joke; an d in my turn I ad d -" Good! Next, please.l .I" - N. C. F.

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THE.\Ti\IEKT OF BeRNS.

1'\. O. (l:3odiam). Herewith a cUlling taken from an evening newspaper during a recent yisit to London. It seems to me that old world methods of treatmcnt still ha\ e til ir ad\ ocates.

" .-\ famous doctl r in Vienna declares that honey i one of lhe be t remedies for cuts and burns and other injuries to the human body. He has tried it out with thou and of patients that he has been called upon to treal, and not once has it proved a failure.

I as-ree with you. - N.C. F.

Letters to the Editor .

\\ 'c are in 110 way re:,pllll:>ible for the or th statements math::, by

D. W. (:\laida Hill).-As a reader of FIHsT .-\[[) I ha\'e appreciated the columns in yuur Journal allotted to "Queries and .-\ns\\"ers," and have gained much from them. I seek your kind a istance in the following :-

(1) Whil t practising for a First Aid Competition I was asked by my instructor to attend to a patient suffering from a sprained ankle. The patient \\'as in his Own home and all necessary appliances available.

I rested the patient on a cou c h, remo\'ed the shoe and sock and applied cold dressings to the joint. When cold failed to gi\'e relief I applied warmth ( hot towels).

\Vhen the test finished my instructor said that it was necessary to apply a bandage to the foot and ankle in the same manner as described under Treatment oJ Sprain ed A nkle out of doors. As I consider that my treatment was complete and correct and the bandage unnecessary I would be \'ery grateful for your decision on the subject.

(2) During the discussion which followed the test much stress was laid on the words" treat as above" (Page 84). To " ' hat do they refer?

(1) On your statement of facts your instructor was at fault when he told you that you should have applied a bandage.

(2) The instructions are a bit muddling because the Textbook sets out the treatment of sprained ankle in three stages-first indoors, then out of doors and again indoors. Consequently the words" treat as above" refer to the first stage or opening section. -N. C. F.

VVOuND OF THIGH WITH ARTERIAL BLEEDING.

D. W. (i\laida Hill) -\Vhen dealing with arterial h;:;emorrhage from a wound in the thigh (there being no fracture present), we must remember Rule 2 (Textbook p. 93) of General Rules for Treatment of a Wound Accompanied by Arterial H;:;emorrhage (viz. elevating the bleeding part). vVould it be satisfactory to support the limb in a flexed position similar to that shown in Fig. 59 (p 109) or is the and proper elevation in such cases to have the limb supported in. a manner shown in Fig. 60 (p. iii)?

A middle position is indicated; and the lower limb should be kept well (and yet comfortably) raised, being neither flexed at the knee joint, as in Fig. 59, nor elevated to an extreme degree as in Fig. 60. - N. C. F.

W h e n you write to a ny o f o ur A d ve rtis e r s kin d ly menti o n FI RST A ID. It dose n't c os t yo u a nyth ing and it p leases the Ad ve rtis er s, and U s.

'T. JOHN RE ;\1 \ atlenlion bas been drawn to a n !\·icw of a buok "Years of Endur:1IlCl,," hy Surgeon Rc.u· .\dlllir:t1 J. R. luir, contained in tile l)\clllber of FII{ST [\11). The publi hed extract frolll the book, whi 'h your revie\.\'l r rightly criticised, docs not in any way the onlci;.t1 view-which i incidentally my own of the R. N \. S. B. Resen e. The ervice of this enicicnt re en c wcre greatly appreciated during the last war, and there is e\ er\, reason to uppose thilt in any futurc emergency it and devotion to duty \\'ould to the sallle ;lcl\ antage.

I am, ir , Your obedient !:Ien (lnt, BA!:IIL JLu l., Director-General of the T Admiralty, London, S. \V. 1. Dec. 11th, 1936.

10ther comments on the abo\ e are una\ oidably held over un[il llur

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MANUAL of INSTRUCTION for the ROYAL NAVAL SICK BERTH STAFF

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mFLAMAT[QN GENERAL NURSING

HAEMORRHAGE BANDAGING

WOUNDS FEVERS

FRACTURES A!"'1D DIS- Gfu'<ERAL DISEASES

LOCATIO S ANAESTHETICS

POISONS PHAR.\fACY AND DISPEN-

ASPHYXIA SING

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Cijgbe lnheptnhtnf 3/ournal for tl)e Ambul ance nub )j!u rsing

FIRST A ID is published on the 20th of ea c h _m on th. T he Annual Subscription is 35. 6d post free; single copies 3 d •

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work

In all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaming to the Movement and also welcomes sugg estions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the add ress below and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be 'accompanied (no! necessarily tor fJublication) by the name and address of the CorrespondenL.

Subscriptions, Aclvertigements and other business Commun,ications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the PublIshers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STRRKT, LO.TDON, E.C.4. 7 degraphic A ddresr-" Twentv-joln-, Lo,zdo1'l. Telephone-City 37IO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

Em :1 I),),

Extracts frolll the \lanual of 1nstructil)J1 for the Royal Naval C,ick Berth Stall

Too \lan:- :\lc<Ld...,;

.J .A. B. IIeadquarters and DisLricL RCpOlls

First \id Tele"i se J

Police ,\mbulancc

Coming E"cnts

Letters to the EJitor ...

\\'imblcJon \mhulanc(' Festi\·al

Priory for \Vales

The Lady Ho pitallers' Club

S.J.I\. B. O,-er eas

Gas Poisoning- in Civil Life Road Pas . eng-er Transport Amhulance Association

Railway Ambulance e\\"s

Our urses' Pages

The \Vay They Have in the .-\rl11)'

Indication of Carbonic Acid

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS ;State of Pupils with l\poplex)' Examination Howler

EDIT ORIAL

and Descriptive Leaflets.

CHARL ES HURST, LIMITED, Montgomery Street, Belfast.

1937

NEARLY three weeks of the new year will have gone l)efore these words are published, but let us spare a momen t to consider what is in store for us as members of the ambulance army.

First, we have the annual courses of instruc tion on the various aspects of our work. The examination must be passed and our efficiency earned.

Com petition teams must further en tef for extensive training to prepare for area competitions and thence on to the district finals and, perhaps, the national championships. To win the" Blue Riband" of their organisation is the aim of every team Only one however can be successful, but like good British sportsmen, the losers applaud their colleagues success, at the same time registering a vow that next year

Then will come the event of the year. The Coronation will, we believe, be the biggest duty ever undertaken. The experiences gained and the lessons learned from past duties will stand us in good stead, and we know that the work allotted our ranks will be carried out \vith the usual efficiency.

After the Coronation the 5t. John Ambulance Brigade will be holding its Jubilee Celebrations. Iem bers from all parts of the world will take part in the numerous functions which will, we understand, include an investiture by H l\I. the King, a serv ice in \ Vestminster Abbey and a competition open to teams at home and abroad.

I n spections, road patrol work and the usual pub li c dut ies w ill a lso receive our attention and a ll too soon a no ther year will have run its course,

Extracts from the Manual of Instructi on FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff . 0'

(COlltiUIlCd Ji-olll page 1';0.)

For medical and surgical purposes the anterior abdominal wall is divided into nine areas by means of four crossing lines. Two vertical lines are drawn upwards from the centre of the groins. Two horizontal lines are drawn, one from the lowest border of the ribs, and one between the highest points of the iliac crests. These areas are as follows :-

Right Hypochondriac.

Epigastric.

Left Hypochondriac.

Right Lumbar. Umbilical.

Left Lu m bar.

Right Iliac. Hypogastric.

Left J liac.

The Pelvis is surrounded by a bony wall, and has a floor composed of muscles. It contains the follO\ving organs :-

(a) The Bladder.

(b) The Rectum.

The space between the anus and the genitals is called the Perineu77z.

SIGNS OF DEATH.

1. A lteratzons in Appearance.

The skin is pale, the eyes sunken, the nose pir:ched, and the lower jaw falls.

2. Cessat£on of the l-ieart's Action.

The pulse cannot be felt; the impulse of the heart's apex against the chest wall cannot be felt; the heart's sounds cannot be heard on placing the ear to the chest.

3. Cessatz'on of Circulation.

This can be tested by tying a ligature round a finger. During life the end of the finger becomes blue; in death it remains white.

4. Cessation of Respiration.

Hold a cold mirror in front of the nose and

*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H. M. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H. M. Stationt:;ry Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, or any branch, price 4/Sd. post free.

mouth. In life the mirror will be dimmed by moisture, but not in death.

S. Alteratio7ls ill the Eye.

The pupil dilates; the cornea is insensitive and becomes hazy-like frosted glas

6. Inc? easing Coldness of the Body

The body tern peratu re falls at the rate of nearly two degrees per hour. If the temperature were rising at the time of death it may continue to rise for a short time afterwards.

7. Rz'gor JJlortz's.

This is caused by a hardening of the muscles of the body.

I t comes on in from two to fou r hou I's after death, and lasts from one to three da} s.

8. Post-mD1-tem Stainillg.

In a dead body, the blood falls by a ravity into the most dependent parts, u ually the back. The skin becomes dull red or purple in patches, which should not be mistaken for bruises.

9. Decompo.\'iholl of the Body.

The first sign of decompositioll )ccurs in the skin of the abdomen, which becomes green in colour. This occurs in temperate climates in about two or three days. Decompo ition is the only absolutely certain sign of death.

BACTEH IOLOGY.

Bacterz'ology is the science which deals with the study of bacteria, sometimes called germs. or microbes.

There are many varieties of bacteria, and they exist in enormous numbers everywhere, in air, water, soil, clothing, and in various parts of the body. They may be either the friends or foes of man. With the former we are not directly concerned, but many of them have a useful role in nature, such as the bacteria which act on the soil or sewage and those normally present in the human intestine, which, as long as they remain there, seem to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.

The harmful or pathogenic bacteria, that is those capable of producing disease, are, however, very important in medicine and surgery.

It is now known that many of them are the actual cause of certain diseases, such as Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Typhoid Fever, and many others, while the whole system of modern surgery based on the knowledge that it is the entrance of germs into a wound which cause it to fester or become poisoned.

Bacteria are very minute, single celled, vegeta ble particles, which differ considerably in shape and size, but are all so tiny that they can only be seen through a microscope.

For life and growth they require food (protein and carbohydrate) and moisture: some need oxygen, others will not grow in it (anaerobic bacteria) . :\Iany grow at air temperature, but most of the harmful bacteria only flourish at body temperature (90'4 degrees F.).

They multiply by splitting into two, and subdivide so rapidly that in 24 hours a single bacterium has become many millions.

\Vhen conditions are unfavourable to their growth, some varieties form spores, which are very resistant to heat, cold, drying, or antiseptics. This formation, as it i called, serves to tide bacteria over adverse conditions, and when material containing spores is again placed in favourable II rrou ndi ngs, the bacterial form is resumed . All pathogen ic bacteria are killed by boiling in water for twcnt} minutes and by anti':ieptics if properly applied; sunlight is fatal to many of them. 'pores, however, are only killed by prolong d boilillC'l'.

Bacteria are distinguished by :-

1. Their shape :-Cocci (round), Bacilli (stra ight rods), Spz'l-£Llce (curved rods), Spirochetes (corkscrew shaped).

2. The way tbey grow on various substances known as culture media.

3. \Vhether they move or not when examined in a drop of fluid under the microscope.

4. Th ir colour when stained by appropriate methods.

The commonest method of staining is known as "Gram's lVetlwd." Some bacteria can be stained by this method (Gram-posz'tz've) , others cannot (Gram-negat£ve bacteria).

Pathogenic bacteria may enter the body ;--

1. Through wounds of the skin or mucous membranes. The germs of suppuration (staphylococci and streptococci), tetanus (lock jaw), enter in this way.

2. Through the air passages, e.g., the germs of Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, and Diphtheria.

3. Through the alimentary canal, e.g., the germs of Typhoid Fever, Cholera, and Dysentery.

In spite of the widespread presence of bacteria only a comparatively small number of people become infected.

AID. 167

This is due to the fact that an unbroken skin or mucous mem brane is itself a safeguard, while a healthy body can not only prevent bacteria from growing, but can even destroy them.

If, however, vital i ty is lowered by exposu re to cold, starvation, excess of alcohol, improper feeding, or if the bacteria are particulary virulen t or numerous, then the body cannot resist them effectually, and disease results.

When disease producing bacteria invade the body and find a suitable site to grow in, they commence to produce poisons called Toxins, and it is these toxins which give rise to the symptoms of the disease.

Aniz'toxins are special substances produced by the body, whIch act as antidotes to toxins. Varying amoullts of antitoxin are manufactured in every disease, but in some cases they are insufficient and antitoxic serum derived from animals is injected to increase the amount.

Antdoxic serum is made by inoculating an animal with the toxins of certain bacteria, e.g., the horse with di ptheria toxin. By grad ually increasi ng the dose of toxin, the animal becomes insusceptible or immune to it. This immunity is due to the antitoxins which the animal produces to neutralise the toxin. \\Then the antitoxin has sufficiently developed the animal is bled, the clot separated, and the serum tested and put into glass flasks, containing different doses.

It is this serum which is injected into the patient, and helps to neutralise the toxins of the particular disease from which he is suffering.

A Vaccine is an emulsion containing bacteria \\ hich have been grown in the laboratory and then killed. The dose is reckoned in millions of bacteria, the vaccine having been made so as to contain so many millions in each cubic centimetre. \-\Then these dead organisms are injected into the body they cause c::ertain substances to be formed, which are hostile to the dead organisms injected, but also to the living ones causing the disease.

Sepsz's means the presence of septic organisms. Asepsz's means the absence of septic organIsms.

Antzsepsis means the prevention of the growth of septic organisms.

From these nouns the adjectives Septz'c, Aseptic and Antisepiz'c are derived. The word Antz'septzc is used also as a noun to indicate a a chem ical with antiseptic properties.

Sterzlz'sation is the process of killing bacteria.

INFLAl\Il\IATION.

Inflammation is the succession of changes which takes place in living tissue, when it is injured or invaded by bacteria, provided that the injury is not so severe as to at once kill the tissue. Changes in tile Tis sues.

After an injury has occurred, or bacteria have

i l1\'aded the tissues, the blood vesse ls of the part dilate, and morc blood flows to the part. This cause local redness and heat. The blood stream then flows more slowly and may stop.

Before it stops, however, recovery may take place the \'essels contract and the part returns to its normal state.

Should the blood stream stop, blood plasma then passes through the walls of the capillaries into the tissues and causes swelling and pain. \\'hite corpuscles also escape through the walls of the capillaries.

The essential feature of this process is the accumulation of white blood corpuscles, which destroy organisms, remove injured tissue, and generally protect the body from infection. The increased blood supply, causing the redness and heat, is for the purpose of conveying as many of these corpuscles as possible to the tissues.

\Vhen the white blood corpuscles that have escaped into the tissues die, they form pus.

Inflammating may be acute (sharp and .sudden), or chronic (long drawn out).

ACUTE

Causes.

(1) Germs.

(2) injury.

(3) Extreme heat and cold.

(4) Electricity and X-Rays.

(5) Chemicals, such as Acids, Alkalies and Blistering Agents.

(To be contz"nued.) ---.-.---

Too Many Medals?

\VHE)," the ambulance movement was in its infancy there were but few honours, the press threw no bouquets at the members of the movement, and industrial undertakings looked with small favour at the little band of enthusiasts who then raised the first aid standard and were largely responsible for keeping it flying. There were, in fact, "more kicks than ha'pence)) for the am bulance worker. In those days there was indeed a fine spirit in the movement. Men there were of all grades who were out entirely for the work itself, for the privilege of ministering to suffering, of serving their fellows, often at the cost of time, trouble and expense to themselves, with no applause and no publicity.

The first aid movement has come into its own. Nowadays all the world knows the uniform of the " St. John" man. The railways and large industrial undertakings encourage the acquisition of first aid knowledge with concessions, competition prizes and efficiency medals. And the question

A 10.

arises: are we not perhaps a little in danger, with all these rewards, of losing that fine a l tru ist ic spirit which we so much admire in the vete r ans still with us? In the plethora of competitions and prizes may there not be a tendency to pot hunting? Have we too many medals, and have not the number reduced the value of such awards in a movement which springs from a spirit of self-abnegation? All such forms of recoCTnition were surely introduced to foster the movement, a means to an end, but they m:=ty hecome an end in themse lves if we do not pull up in time. \Ve can have too much laudation at public presentations, until there is danger that a spirit of "See \\ hat a good boy am I ! " may spoil the finest altruistic movement the world has ever seen.

It is good for any movement periodically to take stock of its position and to see whether it is keeping to the true standard. Those who have to do with the organisation of any ambulance centre would tell you, were they quite frank, of instances where an otherwise excellent first aider has become disgruntled and thrown the whole \\ork up because some bonour to which he consider d hi mself entitled did not mature. Admittedly such a one was not an ideal ambulance man, but he might have been but for the system of awards which obtains.

Their are times when we are inclined to think it might have a strengthening- inDuence on the whole movement if a good deal of the present system of awards, medals and trophics cOldd be swept away, at all events for a tirlle, and \\ e could return to the days when the invitation to join the ambulance ranks could be c1arioned forth in some such spirit as the call of Garibaldi to his soldiers: "What I have to offer you is fatigue, stru CTgle and death; the chill of the cold night in the free air, heat under burning sun; no lodgings, no munitions, but forced marches, dangerous watch posts, and the continual struggle with the bayonet against batteries; those who love freedom and their cou n try will follow me."

The true am bulance worker is one \\' ho, seeking no reward in money or \ond, promotion or profit, serves his fellows in times of emergency Let us see to it that that ideal is kept forever to the fore. It is customary to speak of ambulance work as a Samaritan-like movement. The Good Samaritan did his job at some danger to himself, without any incentive of medal or honour, or any thought of press publicity. There are, and a ll honour to them, still numbers of men in the movement to - day who do their job and make no f u ss about it, who have never known any mater ia l recognition, but have the priceless knowledCTe of b true serVIce rendered to their fellows. Such men are still the strength of a movemen t which we a ll des i re to see maintained in its highest idea ls.-

St. John A mbulance Brigade

H eadquarters and D z's t rz'ct I-?eports .

B rigade Headquarters.

D \TE: lJec. 19th; TnlE: 1 1.22 p.m.; PUCE: Ccntral IIotcl} London. SCEXE: 200 persons S111g

"God 'ave The King "-thus brmgmg to a close the Saturuay en:l1111g conccrt at the seyenth A.H..P. Course of In truction. .

For oycr thrce hours "v'as" was forgollcn: tIll madc pussible by noted of Film) 'tage n.Rc.'. iame who contribule to the sncccs of the CYC11lng Some came-wcll not to scon as one artiste pnt it," ay what IS tlus .rag ( lll;l a 1L\V minutes quiet talk on the work oj the Bng:acle ,mel-could yuu keep them from c. going-on." One 111lght Llsl a' well tr) t() arrest the Thamc·. uch cX[1rlsslons as ,. marycllous," } extraordinar) ," \\erc used by thcse world famcd .artlstes \\ hose intruduction to sllch yoluntar), work" lctt them sl,\l1dill!.!." :\()t hein!..:: ts" reproduce the CO\Tect acrenh, hnt appreclatlOl1 hy s,uch film star::, a ],I)d la Ruque, JUIlC Clyele, John lImc,. Sycl c1earh shu\\ cd ho\\ the work of the Dflgacil: i1l1prl' s;ctl Then.! werc many other notcd lJericH-llIers as Margcn! lIolmes (fa\l1ous ior "Ghosts "), .\iegall Thoma :'IIladi (the bCClulJiul l\.us 'Ian ::)lJIgLr) , }Jori - Palml'1'. Elisse H.Llnah and other too numerous to mcntion. \\ e 11lU t h')\\-C\er, mLntion Ernest Pottinger, the Hand-bell exponLnt. OnL Ill. Vl r k11ll\\s whcre talent lics and Emit:" IS in thl.. Dl:jlartmLlH at_ St. Gatl'. IIi::, rLlldcring- oj the Interl1ll:ZZU tro111 RU::-'licClnCl was excellcntly clotH! and drt;\\' great applause from the <luuil' nce. Of course' Our Joe" (i\Ir. Joe Grossman 0.1 the llrili'h Intcrnational Pictures Ltd.). 1l1U be mentlOlled.

To him \\-as accorded thallk for pre enting sl1ch a Illar\ ellol1s array of talent. It j' not kIlO\\ J1 by all but illr. (;rossman i' a member of the Brigade and commenced h1'; actiyities about 25 Ycar' ago at) we bclic\c, Southall, \\ ht:rc a division is till strongly flourishing. I:Iis alJlc \vay of introducing the artistes, and gctt1l1g ncl at them, is so charactcristic, that in itsclf kecp the fun going.

By the forco'oin o one be uncleI' the lInpresslOn that n'o work done at the coursC. but that i' far from the truth. Ask any who attended whether the) had ' pent such an e'\.ilausliyc timc on a 'unday afternoon as they did Oil Dccember 20th when '. Teacher ,. Trotter, \\,jth his awkward squad} put them through gas mask drill! Tweln hOllrs of lectures, no matter how interc till o the subject, in a clay and a half is good going but apart b from the cducational idc, thc coursc did much to cement the friendship of the Brigade. :l\1r. II. C. Else, at the conclusion of the coursc, thanked the lecturers for the untiring efforts which had becn given in such a lucid and understandable way that all could readily grasp the subject.

Dr. W. C. Bentall (A.R.P. Staff Officer) was the Chairman, supported by Mr. E W. Jackson, Mr. \V. J. oble, :Vlajor Torman Hammer, l\Ir. W. J. B. Trotter and Mr. C. Bower as lecturers.

No. I ( Prince of Wales's) District.

SOUTHER ARE,\. The Area Ambulance Compctitions took place 011

aturday, January 9th, at PclhamRoad don Five teams entered for the" Massey and six for the" Osborn" competitions with the folloyv1l1g

Iesults :-

" Massey :\Iainwaring "-lst, 19/2 (Greenwich), 177; 2nd, 19/4 ([{orman Road), 168; 3rd, 1?/6_ (Lee_ 149; 4th, 100/3 (Bricklayers' Arms), 14J; Jth, 4J (?\orth Camherwc1I), 122 . _ " Osborn "-lst, 19/4 (:\orman Road), 1/4; 2nd, 19/2 (Grecnwich), 171; 3rd, 122 (Eltham), 4th, 19/6 (Lcc Depot), 1461; 5th} 45 (:\orth Camberwell), 120i; 6tb) 99 (Lambcth), 106.

The judges \yere County Surgeon} G. :1\1. Stoker. District Officer) L. 11. Smith for the competIhon and Asst. Commi sioner Capt. A. C. \VhIte Knox and ilIr. G E. Craft for the second.

At the complction of the tests the Asst. CommIsslOner announced the results and presented the Area Cup to lhc " :\Ias e)' :\1ainwaring" \yinners. Although the tests had becn some\\ hat curtailed, Capt. vVhite Knox: was ure the bt:!:Jt teams had been placed first. He wished them gooc! luck in the District finals.

No. 23 ( TORWOOD \XD CRYST.\L P,\L\CE)

On Decembcr 16th this division held its annual d1l1ner at the King's Head Hotel. Dr. C. A. Ensor, Diy. urgeon, prcsided.

After expressions of loyalty to the K1l1g, Supt. J. S. Harber proposed c. The \risitors" and Asst. Commis ioner Capt. \Vhite Knox and il1rs. Whlte Knox. Ilc also commendcd Amb. Officer Gladden and the men for their splcndid co-opcration and complimented Pte. C. J. F. Collins on the excellent arrangements of the e\'Cnill 0-.

C;'pt. \Vhite Knox congratulated the Diyi'ioll on its 'pirit of hospitality and complimented the host on the function.

Dancing and concert items followed which ,nre enjoyed by all present.

BARNET.-FolJo\\ ing a meet1l1g held last month a cadet di\' ision to be attached to thc enior Di\'i ion, has been formed. :\1r. G. Faulkencr ha he ell appointed Cadet Officer \\ith }'Ir. G. 1I. Hornett as hi a istant.

DAGENIIAlI.-Thc reports rc:cci\ ed at the annual o'cneral meetina- of thc Dagenham Diyision discloscd that record year l1as left the diyi ion in a strong position. The member hip increa ed by 23 and no\\' stands at 75, all ranks, and already probable ne\\' members are attending probationary meeting.

Duties carried sho\\' a remarkablc 1l1crease, and durina- 1936 amounted to 2 -1-2-1- (during 1935 thc figure \"as 1,708), including at cincmas, sports motor-cycle racing, football grounds, and other occaSlOns where laro'e numbers of the public foren'ather.

The of ca es attended by members during the year was nearly six of which one-quarter road O:"cr 109 road. accIdel:t were attended from the roadSide FIrst AId tatlOn mallltained by the Division at the Beam RiYer Bridge, "here

attendance of members is continuous from 3 p.m. on aturday to 10 p.m. on Sunday each \Veek-end during the year, as \yell as on the Easter, \iVhi tsun. and AUgllst Rank Holidays.

The financial po ition is well maintained, and the ocial life of the diyision \yell kept up.

A guard of honour formed by members of the Dagenham Diyision lined the approach to t. Chad's Church, Chadwell Heath on Saturday, January 2nd, when 11iss Dorothy Joan, eldest daughter of l\Ir. and 11rs. Eric Ho\\'ard was married to l\Ir. Harold Frederick Mulligan, youngest child of l1r. and Mrs. Frank l\Iulligan.

The event was almost an all-Brigade affair, as Mr. Howard is superintendent of the Dagenham Division, )'1rs. Howard is Lady Ambulance Officer of the FairIop :0:"ursing Division, whilst the bridegroom is Ambulance Officer member of the Dagenham Division and also Cadet uperintendent

A reception was held in the Church Hall and attended by fifty guests including officers of the division.

SOUTHALL.-At the dance held last month, arranged by the Entertainment Committee of the Ambulance and -ursing Divisions, over 100 were present including Dr. A. B. Brook (late Div. Surgeon), the Medical Officer of Health, local doctors and their ladies, Vice-Presidents, Supt. J. E Taylor, Lady Supt. Miss Lewis and several Borough Councillors.

In the absence of Asst. Commissioner Warren and Col. J. J. Llewellin, Supt. Taylor, asked Dr. Brook to present the badge and certificate of appointment of Hon. Div. President to l\Ir. Collins, \\'ho for many years had supported the Division as a Vice-President.

Dr. Brook spoke in appreciative terms of the work that 11r. Collins had performed for the Division.

11r. Collins, in accepting the Badge and Certificate of Office, said he regarded the work of the Brigade as a wonderful work. The members cut out self interest and spent hours of their time looking after the sick and injured. He thanked the doctors of Southall for the help they gave and referred to the excellent service rendered by Dr. Brook over a number of years. He also appreciated the great work done by Supt. Taylor. No. II I. District.

BIRMIKGHA1\L-The 11th annual Christmas party of the Birmingham N.C.O.'s Club was held on January 2nd, when 150 guests, of whom 87 were children of the members, were present.

Corps. Sergt.-11ajor A. W. Drew, Chairman of the Club, presided and welcomed Asst. County Commissioner, Col. Sir Bertram Ford and Lady Ford, County Officer E. Elliott and Mrs. Elliott. It was, he said, always a great pleasure to see Sir Bertram and Lady Ford at the Club's functions.

Sir Bertram impressed upon the members that the 'wearing of the Brigade uniform was a privilege only granted to those who were prepared to sacrifice the time in the service of Humanity and to uphold the traditions of the Order. After congratulating the Club on its success, Sir Bertram announced the resignation of Capt. Henton White as the County Commissioner

This "bomb-shell" somewhat damped the spirits of the members present and a message of expression of gratitude and love was sent from the meeting to Capt. Henton White for the many sacrifices he had made.

Father Christmas (Sergt. T . Hooper) arrived complete

A I D.

\\·ith toys etc., which were distributed to the yo un ge r guest before departing to the ir homes.

The catering arrangements were carried out und er the supervision of Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Frew. Capt. F. Pratt, the new HOll. Secretary, worked very haru to make the event a success, ably assisted by his wife, and other members carried out their allotted tasks entertaining the children

Two dances have been arranged, February 20th and March 17th, also a visit to the Aldershot Tattoo on June 12th.

Mr. F. Pratt, the Hon. Secretary, \vould like to correspond with other N.C.O.'s Clubs: address is 8, Triangle , AlIens Road, Soho, Birmingham.

DUDLEy.-Corps. Officer E. Lakin, who was recently ilwested a Serving Brother of the Order of t. J 01111, took his first certificate in 1897 and has retained his interest in the work eye r since. His Brigade activities commenced in 1912 when he joined the Dudley Division. in 1916 he assisted the formation of a Division at Tipton and promoted to Sergeant in that division. Promotions to Ambulance Officer and later to Superintendent followed, until 1935 when he became Corps. Officer.

In addition to first aid awards he is the proud possessor of the Seryice Medal and Bar, War Service Badge and Air Raid Duties Certificate, issued by the Brigade, Home ursing and Hygiene Pendants. He has rendered much service continually since 1926 and as Instructor and Secretary to detached classes, ",hich include police, firemen, works classes, girl guides, etc.

NORTIItUIPTON.-The annua l competltlOn for the "Marquis of Northampton's" Cup took place at the Ambulance Hall, King Street, on Saturday, December 5th. Five teams entered and were judged by Dr. W. H. l1aquire (team) and Dr. J as. 0 rr (individual and vi \ a voce).

At the same time teams from Kettering, Northampton, Towcester and Wellingborough Divisions of the Northants County Constabulary competed for the" Pim " Cup elimi·nating competition.

In the team test competitors had to treat a lorry driver and his mate after having been involved in a crash The driver was found to be suffering from inj uries to head and complained of pains in the left thigh, which was badly grazed, and which he was unable to move. It was subsequently diagnosed as a fracture of the pelvis. The mate was found to be bleeding from cuts over the eyes and also on the face and, in addition, suffering from a fractured left collar-bone.

After a keen and interesting competition the judges placed the teams as follows :-lst, Northampton Borough Police, 186 marks; 2, Northampton Division County Constabulary, 181; 3rd, Headquarters Division S.J.A.B., l7n; 4th, We edon Division S.J.A.B., 119; 5th, Towcester Division County Constabulary, 114!

Northampton Division was also placed first in the " Pim" eliminating contest, followed by Kettering, Wellingborough and Towcester.

The prize for the best individual work was won b y Pte. G. Clue, of Headquarters Division, S.J.A.B., who scored the maximum number of marks.

County Officer W. H. Percival presided at the pr esentation of prizes, which was carried out by the L ady District Officer, Miss L. Mawby, M.B.E., in the absence of the Lady Mayoress. Those present included Miss Percival, Lady Corps Supt. Miss K. Bradford, A.R.R.C. Lady Supt. Miss E Cowley, Supt. H. 1. Edwards and Mrs . Edwards, Mr. John Williams on, O.B.E. (Chief Constable Northampton Borough Police), Supts. Afford,

FIR S T

Williams anel Norris of the Police, l\Irs. E. J. Hayward a nrl :\1r5. W. E. Edwards

At the conclusion tea was provided by Mrs. Bland, ass isted by memhers of the Headquarters Nursing Divi sio n. The arrangements for the competition were made by Corps upt. \V. E Edwards, 1I.B.E., and Corps Secretary E. J. Hayward, assisted by officers and members of the 1 orthampton Headquarters Division.

No. IV. District

L\l\T\SlIlRE:.· Congratulations are extended to the fo llowing mcmbcrs of the Brigade \\ho have ueen adm itted to the Order: -Corps Surgeon R. J. Clarke, Co rps urgeon J. D. Aitken, Colne, Div. urgeon J. lIacKenzie, Lytham ,t. Annes, Div. Supt. J. Sumner, Thornton Cleveleys.

MOREC\\tI3E.-When Supt. orman addressed the Chamhe r of Trade on Air Raid Precautions he also took the opportunity to appeal for support for the Brigade. The ambulance maintained hy the Divi iOll is the olll\' onc in the to\\ n hip, and, he stated, that in 1934 thc' \'Chicle carried a patient a clay and covered 4,000 miles, in 193- this \\ as increased to one-and-a-quarter a day \\'ith a of 5,000, and 1936 was well up to the a verage of the Diyi ion attended regularly at the places of entertainment and had over 300 attendances at the Corporation Baths since they were opened.

LYTII.DI.- a Jl1ectl11g- at the Lytham IIeadquarters the Ma)or (Jf Lytham AllllCS presented a second bar to the :'1 'da l to Ambulance Officer G. \Yebster, :1l1c1 a en'ice to Corp1. J. E. Rig-g,

In congratubtim; the recipients the said he was Ycry proud of the Diyj ion and did not know what the country would elo without the very useful services rendered voluntarily bv the men and women in the:sc days of speetly mot-;,)[ traffic.

An oak clock \\'as also pre entecl to Prtyatc Mather OIl the occaion of his marriage.

Thanks were accorded to the Mayor and to \I derman. harman who presided.

FLEE1.wooD. - J\t the Fylde Ambulance Competition held at Fleetwood, the Thornton-Cle\ eleys team led by CorpI. Hold worth obtained first place and recei\'ecl the "IIill" hield; the "Ho Kom Tong" Shield and " I\Iary Hill" Cup awards for second and third places were won by Fleetwood and Preesall respectively.

BURNLEy.-A charming and unexpected gesture of appreciation of the voluntary work done by the Officers of the Brigade marked the Burnley ursing Division prize giving at the Burnley Headquarters.

After the trophies and certificates had been distrihuted by Mrs. John Thornber, one of the members of the Division, Miss Ormerod, came forward with two bouquets, and presented them to the Lady Corps Superintendent) Mrs. Green, and the Lady Divisional Superintendent, Mrs . Ander on. Miss Ormerod explained that she received so much help from the Officers that she wished to show publicly her thanks and appreciation. Mrs. Ker, wife of Dr. Ker, one of the Divisional Surgeons presided. Service Medals were presented to Lady Supt. 111s Hickman and Ambulance Sister Mrs. B. Lloyd.

A dancing- display was given by Miss Petit's dancers and Mrs. Leeson sang.

A I D. 171

No.

V. District. CASTLE-l).:>iDER-LY.\1Jo:.-l\lr.

j. R. \Vlcks, A.l.S.A. (hon. auditor) presided at the annual concert and presentation of awards of the Newcastle-under-Lyme Division, supported by Supt. W. H. Dukes and Amb. Officcr H. G . Porter.

Eleven certificates, ten vouchers, five medallions and fi fteen labels were presented by the chairman, who congratulated the Division on its efficiency and the officers on their progressiveness .

An excellent concert was given, which included monologues, by Corps Supt. W. H. Hughes, songs, duets on guitar and banjo, etc.

Pte. N. Daires and Pte. S Viggars were responsible for the refreshments, being assisted by other members of the division Supt. Dukes voiced a vote of thanks to the artistes for their splendid services.

POXTEFRACT.-The annual competition for the " Sides" Cup for individual work by members of the Pontcfract Corps. and the "1\lrs. B. Corfield" Cup for the nurses, was held on Saturday, December 5th.

The judges were County Surgeon T. C. A. \\ ectnal1l (Hemsworth) for the men and Corps. Surgeon B. Hart (Armthorpe) for the women. They placed the competitors in the follo\\'ing order :-

,. ides" Cup and :-lst, Staff-Sergt. G. Keith (Hems\\'orth); 2nd, Pte. G. \Valker (South Kirkby); 3rd, Pte. J. Ainrre ( outh Kirkby). The second and third tied in the competition but after an extra test, Pte. \Valker \\'a placed second.

"l-Irs. Corfield JJ Cup and ).1ayoress' '0.1edal: -1st, '\l11h. Officer )'lrs. Smith; 2nd. AI S 11iss Pringle; 3rd. AI _ Cunningham; -+th, AI S l1is \\' right, all of Pontcfract.

Corps. Surgeon \V. F. Sullivan, of South Kirkby, presented the trophies.

No. VI. District.

DURIIA.\L-Eight teams competed in the final for the Durham County Bronze Shield which was held last month.

The judges were Dr. J. ).1ain Russell and Dr. C. Bainbridge and their placlllgs were :-lst and Bronze Shield, Dean and Chapter, 318 points; 2nd, 11urton Colliery, 296; 3rd, Hetton-Ie-Hole, 295.

Dr. Russell complimented the teams on the high standard of \York and stressed the importance of competitors first ascertaining- whether the patient's life was in danger from haemorrhage, suffocation or special injury.

The Dean and Chapter team will represent the County in the No 6 District finals to be held on 1Iarch 6th, at Newcastle

N ORTIIUMBERLAND.-The final of the County competitions were held on Saturday, December 19th, when \i\Toodhorn Division were successful in the Bronze Shield and will compete in the District final. e\Vcastle were second and Carl, third.

In the" Palmer" Trophy competition, open to colliery divisions only, Woodhorn were again successful with Carl second and Ellington, third. All three teams belong to the Ashington Coal Company's Corps.

No. VIII. ( Duke of Connaught's ) Oistl'ict.

O\'cing to greatly increased \york, No. 8 District administrative service has been re-organised as follows:-

KEXT.- Thi county has been divided illtO three •\rca. as fo11o\\'

J. o. 1 ARE.\.- \Vest of Chatham in the 110rth and \\ est of Tunbrido'e \Yells in the onth (including both to\\11S). taft: b A t. C0111111i sioner: 11ajor Clifford Brazier, Northfiect; County Surgeon: H. J. Hoby, ., L.R.c.P., Chatham; Dislrict Officer: \V. Hancox, Chatham; A.R.P. Officer: B. Anwell, NorthHeet; Lady Di trict Officer: 11iss D. Hubbard, Rotherfielel.

1\ o. 2 AREA.-\Vest of Fayersham in the north and \\'est of Lydd in the south (including both lO\\l1S) Staff.

Asst. Com1l1issioner: John Day, 11. 13.E. :\Iald tone: County Surgeon: H. A. Madwar,_ L.R.c.P., L.R.c. ., C.heernes ; District and A.R.P. Officcr: B. Beaumont, ittingbourne; Lady Di trict Officer: :\lrs. K. lIay, "\Vateringbury.

3 ARE \.-East of Faversham in the north and Appledcre in the south. Staff: Asst. Commissioner: F. C Cozens, :'I.B., B.Ch., Herne Bay; County Surgeon: J. R. Hamerton, :'I.B.; District Officer: G .. Gore, Dover; Lad) District Officer: i\Iiss L. Curzon SmIth.

SURREY.-This county will remain as before-east Surrey and "west Surrey-with the following staffs:-

EAsT.-Asst. Commissioner: Hamer Russell; County urgeon: Lt.-Col. C. H. James, C.LE., Reigate; District Officer: E. J. Prew, Addiscombe; A.R.P. Officer: H. Brooks, Coulsdon; Lady District Officer: Lady Peters, A.R.R.C, Hascombe.

\YEST.-Asst. Commissioner: J. P. Fla\' in. \Y nrce ter Park' District Officer: Capt. P. Ellis, Cobham; A. R r. W. H. Harris, \Valton; Lady District Officer: Lady Peters, A.R.R.C

SvssEX.-As in the past this County is divided into t"o. the staffs being:-

E T.-Asst. Commissioner: Vacant; County Sur: John Fenton, ::\I.B., B.Ch., Eastbourne; District Offic e r: C. Milton, Hastings: A.R.P. Officer: A. Donald J an is. Hailsham; Lady District Officer: Countess Drassey, Battle.

\YEST.-As t. Commissioner: D. Bryce, J.P., Horsham; County urgeon: C. E. \Vhitcher, ., L.RC.P., Hove; District Officer: \V. J. Trotter, Chlcheter: A.R.P. Officer: \Y. Nohle, Brighton: Lady District Office r: Dr. Helen Noakes, East Grinstead.

CHA.'\;'KEL ISLAxDs.-The staff is :-JERSEY.-Counl)

Surgeon: J . A. Hanna. ::\l.R, RCh.; District Officer:

O. L. Aubin. GUERxsEY.-District Officer: Capt. Geo, A. Steele.

The Di trict Headquarters Staff will now be Commissioncr E. A. Richards; Asst. Commissioners: Major H. F. :0f oble and A. B. 11cl1aster, District Lady Supt.: Mrs. C. A. Falwasscr: District Officer: H. J. \Y riggles\yorth· Lady District Officer: Miss H. l\lay; District

Ofnce:s: B. Wells and C. Chaplin as District Record Officers; Corps Supt. F. ::\i[iles (Ashford) for special duties' District Officer J. A. Borne for Cadets. Specific instructions have been issued regarding procedure of Competitions, inspections. road seryire, etr.

N o X. Distri c t.

Hertfordshire A.R.P. Circular X o. 4 was issued lasL month a nd c J1lt ai ns ', he names of nine officer \\ ho passed th e ir Grade 1 instructors' examination and six members \dlO gained the Grade 2 certificates at the examination held in Xo\'ember last.

Reference is made to the terms Ai l' Raid Precautions" and (C Firsl Aiel in Chemical Warfare" ancl, we agree \\ ith the County Com111issiol1C'r for Hertforelshire,

AID.

that the latter term is the onc which should be used \\ he11c\'er possible

Under the Gossip" page, written by A.H..I. 'talT Officer \Viddicombe, the following interest ing note l' pllblished:-

.. I was a ked the other day if 1 had seen a report that Blue Cross Gas \Va being used in the fighting- for ::\Iadrid and if this was a new gas, no mention being made of it in the Handbooks or at Lectures. In ca e others have seen the report and are wondering- the ame thinO' it may interest them to know that Dlaukreuz (" Blue Cro;s") was u eel by the Germans in Jyly, 1917 irritant properties of SII1111ar l1bstances (Blaukreuz Dlphenyl-chlorarstnc pIllS diphenyl-cyanarsine ,or I. ethyl were rccog-nisecl in 1880. OWl1lg to the sohd compounds a \:er) much heavier bursting rharge than IS uSl1a! was and it \\a used only ill fIT. shcll'i. A 10nCl'l1trallOIl (1 t 1/20.000 is cffectiye."

Fir st Ai d Tel ev i se d.

HISTORY was made in the ambulance wL)rld, ancl more especially in the t. John .\mbulance Brigade, l)n Friday, January 8th, ",hen the first di rlay of ambulance W(lrk "a. televised from Alexandra Palace.

Throuo'h the courtesy of the General Electric (l Ltd., of l\lagnet House, King-sway, the rion ers of televi..,ion rC'cci\'ing, I was able to " look in " at the and I must the artistes on their xcellcnt Cart. A. C. \\lhite Knox, .-\ sl. of i\o 1 District, deputised for Dr. N. Corbet I'letcher, urgeon-InChief, as the COl11l11entator, \\'hilst the actual \\ork was d0ne by District Officer E. T. ;\[ ilburn ( ecretary to urgeon-inChief) and :\lilburn.

The scene \vas thal of an orc..linary kitchen with "mother" bu y at the gas-cooker. uddenly cril'd out for "daddy" as she badly calc..lecl her left forearm. "Dadd)" quickly arri\'ed on the scene, and in a bu slike manner soon prepared the correct solution of baking soda and applied the neces ary dre sings. \Vhil t this wa going on, the commenlator exrlained the action of the sol ution, why stri ps were arplied, and so on, and a.lo answered questions as to the treatment of shock whIch "daddy" carried out.

Son Philip, a young latl, wa ent to telephone for the doctor, and in his hurry to get back he fell heavily and fractured his forearm. Once again, as an excellent first aider, "daddy" came forward and put up a splenc..lid fracture.

After this, Mr. and 1\1rs. Milburn described the triangular bandage and its uses; demonstrated how sling and dressings could be improvised, also splints.

All too soon the prog-ramme came to an end, but its educational value was such that I was pleased to learn that this was but the first uf a s('ries, the next di play being on ] anuary 22nd, and will deal with road accidents.

One can visualise in time to come a central station where one lecturer will leclure to hundreds of classes at a time; by then, perhaps, the vexed queslion of mixed classes wil l have been settled.

However, television is in its infancy, but there is no reason why local divisions should not arrange a display on first aid and so interest the general public.-G.E.C.

W h en y o u wr ite to any of our Advertisers kindly men ti o n FIRST AID It dosen t cost yo u anything and it plea se s the Adver tis ers and Us

Police Am bul an ce News.

POLICE FIRST ,\ID COl\lPETITION.

The final ('ompetltlOI1 for the" Pil11" Trophy will take I ce at the Cl'!ntral Hall, \Vestminstcr, London, on Fnday, 26th, ",hen the slIccessful dislrict teams will battle or the championship.. ,.

On this occasion tile Judg-es will be Dr \ r. Lakm, 0, for the team It!sl, and Dr. D. \N. :\. Bull, of S " l Stratford for the indi\'idual tesls, Both Judg-es are l)l1) '. ,'11 I wl'll-kno\\'11 in compel ILion Circles and competitors \\,1 lave o he at their hest to deal with the tests set them.

Durin,r thi<; month the di<;trict eliminating conte tare t .·t11r Ill'ld"'antl alrl'au\, a "sensation" h<ls been caused by )\.:1 '" '." D' " :\1 t t i1l'! failure of last )ear' WlI1ners, < 1,\ISlon, ropolilan Pnlicl'!, to qualify for the final of the 9 DIstnct. At the time these notes were prepared only one result h all bCLI1 recei\'ecl ; also the c) District preliminary round ..,lIh. These were a<; follo\\'s :-

;\0 1 Di..,lricl. , TIll' clitrict preliminary w a Iwlc..l on Friday, ] anuary 8th, at Pre;ton. The we r e Dr. 1. (;. (tL'llms) and Dr. \\. H. Pallett \ duab); the sl:crl'lary being- .\1 r. E. H. Holmes (ChIef ( 111<,table of Blackp0(1).

Liverpool Cit \ Pt1lice :\ o. 1 tcam (Sergt. 17 " F " Hampl) n captain, 17-+ "K" Tandy, 319 ",\" :\Iarkham, 1S0 " D" Parr), 10l) "B" Cook anti 5-+ "F" Fearby, rt:s crYL) \\'Lr0 atljuclg-l'd tile winners \\'ith 319 points, followed b y Stal\'bridgc BM()ugh Police with Liverpool. 1 \\;ill the district in the tinal C0Illpellll.on.

The \Ll\ or of I n · tl)J1 (Cllullcillor ] ames Harn on) p resented the" ,\lolIl)) " Cup to the winning teal11 and the " i\Iajor Cran Shield to tlJe runners-up.

Last war this district \\'a<; rcpresenlec..l by LI\erpoul 'll. 2 tl'<LI;1.

\0. q District. l)" ing to the number of team entered it was again nl:Cl'SS,lry to have l\\'o prelil11innn competitions. These wcre helLl on January 6th and that Peel House, and o n hoth occasions thl judg'c'i were Dr. H. A. Fenton, for the te am tesb, and Dr. R. V. Stet'le, for the indi\·iduals.

On the firsl d,lte thirteen teams cOI1l(ll'tei and it was re markable t haL with such a nUI11 her 0n h -10 l11<1.rks septlrated t he flrsL and last tcnll1s. It was on th"i" oeca ion that the h olders of the" Pim " trophy were

The team test, although perhaps somewhat easy for such e xperienced team<;, '\'as that of a man \\'ho \\'hilst riding- hi motor cycle had skiddetl, and the competitors found the patient with the machine lying on top of him. The injuries were simple fracture of the rig-ht femur and sprained right s houlder and all teams did \\·ell. In the indi\idual tests the co mpetitors \\'ere set the following :-Nos. 1 and 2 had to t reat a man for a fractured left arm, arterial hccmorrhage on left cheek, and shock. Nos. 3 and -1-, a man with arterial h ;:emorrhag-e from the femoral, fractured left cla\'icle, and s hock; No.5 had a vi\'a \'oce on the name. of the organs a nd description of the circulfltion of the blood. In the first two te ts all materials had to be impro\'i cd and it ,vas interesting to nole the dirferent methods USed by the competing t eams.

On the second elate tweh'c teams competed and again in the individual tests the judg-c required improvisation. Nos. 1 and 2 dealt with a patienl who had a simple fracture of the rig-ht ribs, wound on back of hand and sprained right ankle; Nos. 3 and 4, a man who had a simple fracture right patella, ha-morrhage from Brachial artery, and shock; whilst [ o. 5 had to give the signs, symptoms and treatment of dislocations

A I D. 173

and the treatment for a vertical punctured wound of abdomen. The team test was as follows :-

CARD OF I NSTRUCTION TO TEAM.- Your team is about to practice in the gym at Peel House. You have a stretcher and haversac with you If anything- happens on the stage, act as you think fit. Time limit 15 minutes

STAGING OF TEST.- Ian in overalls on stage, <?n. a shorl ladder fixing a spot light. There is a lides down ladder and does not move. He IS restll1g- on his righl knee.

INJURIEs.-Left hand burnt, face pale, rig-ht knee swelling and irregularity over patella.

TEST.

Method of approach, stetcher and haversac., switch off current

Does he respond to questions (no)

Examine the breathing (no)

Place the patient prone, face downwards

Arms fully extended, face turned to one si?e.

Hands in correct position on back, arms ngld

Correct timinE; 12 to 15 times a minute

Undo tight clothing

Send for doctor and am bulance

Promote warmth ."

Examine for other injuries :-

Colour of face (pale)

Pulse (weak) ... ".

Cpper limbs (no signs of fracture)

DiscO\-er burn left hand

Prepare soda solution, one dessertspoonful to pint water

Place hand in solution in bowl

Prepare lint soaked in solution ,-\pply to hantl, CO\'er with \\'001, bandage lightly Examine lo\\'er limbs, right first as he fell on that ThiO'h correct, find swelling of knee lrre:gularity O\'er patella, ',"

Is patient responding to artifiCial resplratlOn (yes)

Regulate artificial respiration to pa!ient's breathing

Prepare splints and bandages, obtall1 cold \\'ater ""

Apply splint to back of knee , ..

Bandages round thigh and leg

Patient now breathing

Turn patient on his back, head to one Side

Apply bandage to knee cap

Apply cold water bandage

Raise lower end of splint

Do not raise head and shoulders on account of shocked condition of patient ."

Ambulance at door, man to be carried to it.

Prepare stretcher

Test stretcher

Place in position, and prepare to load

Lift patient, special care right leg

Load tretcher

Lift stretcher and move by side steps to edge of platform Nos. 1 and 4 descend to floor, stretcher then carried forward ..

Supported in front by 1 and -1-, the edg-e resting on edge of platform

Nos. 2 'and 3 then descent to floor, grasp head end

The whole move forward by side steps. \Vhen clear 10'wer stretcher

Lift stretcher by ordinary method, proceed to entrance General m ethod and leadership

Total 150

As the resu lt of the two competitions the following qualified to compete in the di strict final which will take place later i n this month ;-C it>, Police, "A" and" B " tam.,

" 1,"" G," "E.," "TA," "\V," "J," "S," " V," " N )) and 'I X " divisions.

The secretarial duties \vere efficiently carried out by Inspector James.

Co min g Events .

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or forthcoming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

JANIJARY.

23.-Durham, Cleveland and "Vestmorland Ambulance League, II Donald Bain)) Di\'isio nal Competitions.

28.-Fairlop Nursing Division, S.J.A. B. Annual Dinner.

30.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, Cadet Competitions. 30.-Devon County, S.J.:\. B. Competitions, Torquay.

FEBRUARY.

3.-Stratford, L. T. E. R., Ambulance Challenge Shield Competition.

3. - York District, L. .E.R. Annual Competitions.

-f.-Annual General l\[eeting National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association, Birmingham.

S.-Central Area, No.1 District, S.J.A.B., Annual Social.

6.-Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Ambulance League" Elizabeth Bain" Divisional Competitions.

6.-l\liddlesbrough District, L. N. E. R. Annual Competitions.

6 & 7.-S.J.A.B. All England A.R.P. Course of Instruction, Great Central Hotel, London.

13.-No. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) District, "Sleath Gent" and Nursing Bo\vl Competitions Finals.

13.-" Coroner Graham)) Ambulance Shield Competition Final, Sunderland.

13.-Darlington District, L.N.E.R. Annual Competitions.

17,-Newcastle District, L.N.E.R. Annual Competitions.

19 .-Investiture, Order of St. John.

19.-Annual Dinner Barnet Division, Salisbury Hotel, Barnet.

20.-Hospitallers' Club Annual Dinner, Connaught Rooms.

20.-Durham, Cleveland and Wesmorland Ambulance League Final Competitions, Durham.

20.-Annual Social, B. R. C. S. Blood Transfusion Service.

26.-Police National First Aid Competition Fillal, Central Hall, Westm inster.

27.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District Final Competitions, Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell.

27.-Leeds District, L N. E. R. Annual Competitions. MARCH.

3.-Hull District, L.N.E.R. Annual Competitions.

6.-First Round Yorkshire Collieries II Wood)) Shield Competition.

6.-Gedling Colliery Ambulance Class Competition.

6.-Annual Dinner South Met Gas Corps, S.J.A. B.

6 & 7.-S.J.A. B. All England A. R.P. Course of Instruction, Great Central Hotel, London.

13.-Wimbledon Annual Ambulance Festival.

17. - G.E. Centre, L.N E.R. Final Competition, Stratford.

20.-N. E. Area, L. E. R. "'Wharton» Shield Com petition, Gateshead.

A I D.

Letters to th e Edi to r.

\ Ve are in no way responsible for the opinion expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondcnts.-EoITOR.

ST. JOH I R.N.A.S.B. RESERVE. DEAR SIR,-

Under the heading of" t. John R. .,\. I read with disgust the extract from the book "Years of Endurance» by Surgeon Rear Admiral J. R. Muir. As a member of the Resen'e, serving in many places, I wi h to state that the S. B. R. men did wonderful work at horne, abroad, and at sea. Does Admiral Muir know that the medic;:J1 rersonnel "'as comprised of a surg-eon and resen'e men only in many of our ships? Does he also kno\\' of the many important posts held by our boys?

I think it was in 1916 that Sir \\'illiam :-':orman \Va appointed Medical Director General at the Admiralty. ]u t prior to his appointment he stated that the R. r\. B. R. men were a body to be admirtd, and by their kill and perseverance much had been done to minimise ulTering-. That does not sound like " crapry" Fir t ,\id. One must remember that these men \\' re mostly ill the Re se rve before the outbreak of \Var. They had actually \'olunteered to serve in the e\'ent of war, and many left good job to do their country's bidding. They may hav e been just a little strange at first (clothed as they were in Brigade unifo:ms -often bought at their o\\'n expense), hut they soon reronded to the call and made themselves enieient in a totall\' difTerent kind of work, and we found that man} of them had pa ed a Specz'aZ Advanced examination for First \id and Nursing-.

There are many ex-naval surgeons Ii, ing to-d<l), \\·ho could testify to the ability of the S. B. R. men.

If the author has any mi cone ption of the t. John Ambulance man or woman, I would lik e him to make a trip with me on any Saturday afternoon to visit sOl11e of our duty posts. I think I could COl1\ ince him that vcr) real and important First Aid is performed without anything scrappy.

The Brigade has. is, and alway will be a very u eful, well-trained and well-disciplined body of men and w omen, who often put aside their own rlea ure for the sake of others, and I do not hesitate to say that we command the respect of the general public wherever our acti\ itie function. It is gratifying to kno\\' that there are 1,275 men no\\' in the R.N.A S.B.R. God forbi::! that their service will ever be required, but should the occasion ari e there is no doubt that they, like others, would do their be t, and thereby add yet more laurels to a wonderful body of men.

Yours faithfully,

J. HARBER, Div. Supt. (Late R.N.A.S.B.R.)

Wimbl e don Ambu lan ce Festival .

WE have received from the hon. secretary of the above particulars of the 1937 event, which, it is hoped, will have a record entry.

There are events for men and women team tests, men and women individual tests, also men and women junior tests. The latter is open to those under 16 years of age, but there are n0 restrictions in the other classes.

The final competitions will be held on Saturday, March 13th, the preliminaries being held in the evenings during the weeks immediately preceding that date.

A prospectus, giving rules and conditions and entry forms can be had free on application to Mr. Denis H. Carty, hon. secretary, 14, Malcolm-road, Wimbledon, London, S,W.19.

Przory for Wales.

IN'JER-RML\\ 'AY CO l TEST AT CARDIFF.

Selected teams of the Great Western Railway Company ,llld London, Midland and Scottish Railway Company met at the City Hall, Cardiff, on Tuesday, December 1st, to compete in the Annual Competition organised by the Priory for Wales for the" lIarry 'Webb" Cup.

The Lord :'Ilavor of Cardiff (Alderman Herbert Hiles, J.P.) extended a 'civic welcome to repre.entatives of the Companies and other who witnessed the competitions, which were judged by l'I1ajor A. W. Anderson, 1\1.B., Ch.B. (Assistant urgeon-in-Chief for \Vales), Dr. N. M. Lewis a nd Dr. ]. Walker.

The Principal C'crecta ry (the Han John H, Bruce, D.L., ].1'.) announced the result as follows;-

ambulance man and congratulated all teams on their interesting demonstration of ability to render first aid.

Mr. J. Storey, Abergavenny, proposed thanks to the Lord Mayor and Lady Iayoress for the enC(lUragement afforded by their attendance, which was seconded by Capt. S. T. Beard, O.B.E. ; Mr. N. L. 'Wallis, Abergavenny, expressed thanks to the judges, which was seconded by A. W. Hamer, Swansea; and Alderman G. F. Evans, ]. P., referred to the good offices of the Priory for "Vales in organising this annual event, his remarks being endorsed by :\lr. J. Owain Evans, C, B. E. TEA"'1 TEST.

Your team is waiting- on a railway platform when, as the train comes in, and just before it stops, a passenger opens a carriage door. The door strikes a ma n on the

A. R. P. Display organised by the Commissioner for Brecknockshire, Lieut.-Col. C. G. Cole-Hamilton, l.G., D. S. O. (Chief Constable), in connection with Fete at Pen pont.

On right a Council lorry bridging crater made by hig-h explosive bomb; gas in treet. On left, a house fired by incendiary bombs is being extinguished by Fire Brigade. The general plan of the Air Raid was that of a village which had made preparation for an expected attack. First Aid and decontamination posts had been provided, ambulance men and nurses were standing by with ambulance cars, the Fire Brigade was at hand and the Highway Authority had its gang of road worker ready with lorry and equipment. The warning bell rang and an aeroplane (lent by the Cardiff Aeroplane Club) circled round, swooped down and dropped its bombs, causing a fire which almost consumed the village and deadly gas fumes which created many cases for first aid parties.

Brynmawr L.l\1. C S. R., 271; Fishguard Harbour, G, W.R., 269; berdare High Level, G.vV.R., 26+; Swansea Victoria, L.l'Il.&S.R., 257; LIandudno, L.M.&8.R., 25 + ; Pontypool Road" A," G. vV. R., 250. Thus the victory of the Brynmawr L.l'I1. S. team breaks a four years' seq u ence of s uccess of G. W. R. teams The Lord Mayor presented th.e and a canteen of cutlery to each member of the wlOnlOg team, while the Lady Mayoress handed chromi u m to t!le members of the Fishguard Harbo u r team HIS Lordship referred to ever-increasing need for the trained

platform causing him to pitch fonvard against the waitingroom wall and swinging back, causes the alighting passenger 'to stumble; his right leg and thigh between the running-board and platform. They are 111 the pos i tion you find

DETAILS OF lARKING. Captain takes charge of situation, and directs bystanders to keep back 1 Details one bearer to attend patient at wall 2

\\'irh two bearers upen'i es removal of other patient from danger

:\Iethod and care of rcmo\'al of this patient

0:l)tes he is consciou', and per uade him to keep quiet end one bystander to inform stationmaster; one to engine dri\'er and guard, ami one to take names and addresses of other pas enger in the compartment

Keep him flat, and note no ob\'ious hcemorrhage.

Enquiry as to doctor on train or platform (none)

Is a doctol- ayailable (no) '"

Is there a hospital in town (yes)

.--\d\'ise stationmaster train can proceed

Enquir), " ' hen next train due (25 minute)

:-\sk tationma ler to c lear platform and phone fM ambulance, etc.

Enquiry from patient as to pain (over right buttock)

,\n) other pain or injury (no)

I\'ote position of right foot (lying on outside)

Enquire if he is able to lift heel from ground (no)

Is there any shortening (yes, one inch)

1 there sw'elling over hip (yes)

Can he mo\'e other leg from ground without pain (yes)

Enquire if he can pass water (yes) ... ..

Decide fracture of neck of right femur

Detail two beal-ers to put up fractured femur

Captai n g-oes to other pat ien t

Bearer gently dra\Y5 down foot level with other

Tie two feet together

]{em o\'e any articles from trouser pockets; notifyingpatient-what and why

plint to outside of lcg and thigh. "Length"

umber and type of bandages

Order of applying and tying

Keep warm \\'ith rugs, etc. Gi\'e hot coffee, tea, Oxo o r milk

Captain notes hcemorrhage and wound of forehead other patient

Paint fingers with Tincture of Iodine. Bearer has done same colour, character and amount (dark red, steady flo",', and fairly

Decides" Venous hcemorrhage "

Type of v;ound (contused, lacerated, bone exposed)

:\ny crack or irregularity to be seen in bone (no)

Any foreign body in ,,,ound (no)

Is it ob,'iously dirty (no)

Paint wound and surrounding skin with Tincture of Iodine

CO\'er with clean, dry, absorbent Pad and fi rm bandage ... .. ..

Does patient answer questions (no)

Do pupils react to light and touch (yes, slowly)

Examine mouth for false teeth (none)

Colour of face (pa le)

Keep head low and turned to side. Loosen clothing

Character of breathing (shallow)

Character of pulse (quick and feeble)

Pupils of eyes (equal)

Any blood from ears, mouth or nose (yes, nose)

Wipe away with clean piece of lint

Decide" He is s uffering from Concussion"

Further examine patient

Head, lower jaw, nose, shoulder girdles and upper extremities (nil)

Chest. On examination pain is elicited and irregularity felt over left middle rib

Any bright red frothy blood cough<:'d up

Decide" Simple fracture of rib"

Apply two broad bandages round chest

Position an d method of applying

Place left arm in large arm-sling

Exam ination of spine, peh'is, abdomcn and lower extremities (nil)

.\t end of 15 minutes patient vomits. Vomited mattcr will be shown. Captain will notc it has hCl'll \'o mited and contains flwd and blood

TIe will make a more complete examination of abdomen (nil) -'

\\,ill conclude" Blood has rUIl do\, n from nose into stom ach " 3

Keep patient warm with rugs, etl". 2

Gi,'e nothing by mouth 3

Keep careful watch for signs of cOll1pre'osion ...-+

Load both patients on to prepared and tcsted stretchers G Remo\'e to waiting- room if ambulance Ill)t arrived 2

TL)tal 150

HE ,\l)l]c \RTEI<

The Hospital LibraI'\' Sen'ices introduced into the thrcL major Institution in last year are proving of considerable benellt. The Prior) supplemented its rcgular sen'ices at Christ mas b) a sl1l'cial contribution of bLh)ks collected for the Childrens' \\'ard , whicn were \'ery gratefull) received by the :'Iledical Superintendent.

The Committee set up b) the Prior) fllr \\',lIPs, with the approval of the St. John .\Illhulance . \ssl)ciation, to undertake the revision of the textbook on ;\id ill is the cOll1pktion of its task. \t the end of this month the '\Iedical Sub-l'ol11ll1ittle will be meeting under the chairmanship of .\ \\'. \nder:->on, B., Ch. B., to finally appro\'e the draft cllaptC'r prior to cirl'ulating the l\Iedical section to the SUh-Clllllll1iLlee whicll has been drafting- the technical pl1rtion, undt'!' the chairmanship of Profes or George Knox, iI!.l. '\1. E., F. (J. S Expert opinion has been broug-ht to bear UPL))1 e\ cry aspect of the subject of Fir t ,\id in :\Iincs ; and it is hoped that lhr result will prO\'idC' an arcl'ptable !)olutil)n of the Illall\ problems which ha\'e arisen ( n such cl)ntro\'crsial pl)ints a;, for instance, the treatment of fractun:d spi 111'.

The Lady Cluh.

TilE Annual General l\leeting of the Lau) Hospitallers' Club was held at Northampton ln stitute on Saturd,w, Januan 9th. The Treasurer and ecrctary rcad tllLir reporl", which were accepted by the mec·ing-. The cOlllmittee and club's officers were then el£'ctc.d as follows :-

President: l\lrs. l\lorrish; Vice President: rs. \\'ebber ; Treasurer: liss Emerson; Secretar): !\frs. \\'oolford; Committee: tlliss How es, l\li ss Tuck, Baxter, Vicar)" Mrs. Ogih ie.

The club, which is for socia l intcrcour'>c, and the promotion of good fellowship between the Lady \mbulance Officers of 1\0. 1 District, is open to all ranks of officers in the Nursing Oi \ isions.

The committee hopes that a ll new officers will become members and so meet the older ones. In this way they will not meet as strangers when On Public Du t). The meetings are usually held on the first Saturday in the month at orthampton Institute, Sl. John-street, C1erkenwell. The annual subscription is 5s., and prospective new mcmbers requiring further particulars s hould write to the Secretary, tllrs. vVoolford, 15, Tyrone-road, East Ham, E.6.

Doe s y o ur colleague read FIRST AI D , if not , send us his addre s s an d w e will post him a copy.

2

S.J.A. B. Overseas.

'I'm: 1936 Repnrt of the Ceylon Police Corp!>, Brigade Overseas, makes intcresting reading and reflects great credit on al l concerned and on the I nspector General of police, Sir Herbert Dowbiggin, who was re ponsible for its foun dation, and who, to the regret of all ranks, retired at the end of the year.

Before the instruction of the Ceylon Police in first aid \\as started in 1912, it wa a frequcnt occurrence for an injure d man to hleeu Lo ucath, eithcr at the scene of stabbingL1r on the long carl journey to hospital, owing to lack of proper alt ntiol1. _ The issue of a.n .order that it was the duty of C\'en Poli c Ofllcer to help an II1Jured man would not have been in these circumstances, bel ause, in addition to he \\ ill to render sen'ice, there wa required the knowledge I1l'CCS ar\, to make that en'icc errecLh·e.

To -meet tile'-;c dilliculties, therefore, the In pector Gcnl'ra l con'oulted '\lajor Robert Blackhorn, the General Secretary of the Association in India; and, on his advice, he ook in 11)12 to affiliate thc ) Ion Police Corps to the BrigaJ(' and thcreby fLlflllcd the fir t Police unit of Brigade On.'rSl'Hs. \t its incl'ption the Corps numbered R Officers anJ 124 other ranks; and each year ha \\ itnessed a steady inC! case until Septembl r 24th, 11).16, " h en 42 Officers and 1, qOt) other wcrc enrolled-a trul) remarkahle incre,tse!

In'otruClion in tirst aid, in s\\ imllling and in life aving in w,Ller, is to-Jay, pMt of the in truction which every Police OtliCl'r undLrg-oes on flrst apfointmcnt ; and no Constable is pn)1l1l')h'd to the rank of erg-eant unless he holds a first aid c('rlificatc. 'onstablcs who ha\'e not a sufficient of English to reaJ the rexthook arc Lrainl'd how to act in certain urgcnt londitions, such as in ensibility, asph) xia and poisoning.

Si\ty-one per cent. of the PolIce Force to-day hold 11rtaid certificate' ; and, in \'ie \\, of fact that only men of good are no\\' being enlisted, it is hoped that in cour e of time c\cry member will he qualified to rcnder I1rst aid in any emcq;enC).

Th", RLplli records with pride that 269 members of the Police FOlce 11l)lcl the Con picuou en'ice :\Iedal of the Urder of t. ] ohn and that mel1l bers hold the fir t Bar (and a further 9 the second Bar) to the Sen ic :'IIedal. Two members this y ar won the Co\ eted :\lcritoriou Fir t .\id Certificate which i given by the [\ssociation for exceptional work in rendering- fir t aid and in saving- life-a nd is held by three other mcmbers another proud record!

The Corps is also anlliatcd to the Royal Life Saving Society. Consequently all members of the Force are taught not only to swim but al 0 to put into rractice the \'ariou methods of rcscuing- drowning persons, including the u e of he " life line." l ine me mhers of the Force have received awards from tht:; Royal Human Society for saving life from drowning-4 bronze medals, -+ testimonials on vellum and 1 cerli!1cate.

Every Police Station in Ceylon is equipped with a stre tcher, a first aid box and a hamper containing the ambulance materia l most likely to be required in an emergency

In the City of Co lombo the Police have two horse-drawn ambulances while motor ambulances for use in accidents are maintained by the Co ombo Municipa l Council. In Colombo a mot()r ambulance launch has been provided by the Port Com missioner.

On tl l ay 30th, Colone J L. S leeman, C. B., C. tlLG., Chief Commissioner of Brigade Overseas, ,,,hile on his Inspectoral To u r of 50,000 mi les through South Africa, New Zealand and Au stralia, arr i ved at Co lombo. He witnessed

a demonstration of first aid by eig-ht stretcher teams and examined the appliances used by the Corps for purposes of life saving-; and he afterwards expressed his complf'tc sat isfaction.

The Report eulogise the several aid books which have been compiled by Dr. Corbet Fletcher; and it ends with a list of exceptional cases treated by members of the Corps to whom we tender our cong-ratulations on good work well done. In conclusion, we offer to the Inspector General, our best wishes for the future; and we hope that, even though his guiding hand is to be withdrawn, the Ceylon Police Corps may continue to flourish.

INDIA.

Saturday, December 5th, was a red letter day for the Bombay Corps, beLau e on that date the Chief Commissioner of the Brigade Colonel J. L. Sleeman, carried out his first inspection of the Corps.

Xearly -+00 members, including 75 nurses, paraded in the compound of the Elphinstone High School, a featurE' being the presence of /mrdall women of the :\Iuslim 0:ursing Division.

On his arri"al, Col. Sleeman, who was received by Capt. H. S. \.Vaters, Di trict Supt., inspected the various Divisions under the command of Supt. D. F. Panthaki (Parsi Di\'ision), accompanied by Asst. Commissioner G. Wile and District urgeon Dr. F. X. Kapadia, :\1r. \.Viles said the Colonel's presence enabled the Corps to realise that they were part of that great army of peace which throughout the Empire was giving its services voluntarily to help the sick and the suffering. The organisation in India was young in year. The Parsi Di\'i ion, the oldest in India, was formed in 190-+, but the ancien, traditions of the Knights of the Order \yere being foIlo\yed in the old spirit. They had on parade only tho e Di\'isions of the Bombay District that worked in Bombay City.

The riots and cowardly assaults had giyen the Brigade opportunity for much de\'oted and unostentatious help to injured men and women. EYer), Di"ision according to its means had its ambulance squad on duty in some part of the cit\,. .\n a\'erage of 86 men were on continuou duty. O\'er 700 person injured during the "black" week \,'ere either gi\'en first aid or were remo\'ed to hospital.

Col. leeman, who ,,'as greatly impressed by the smartness and discipline of the members, said he had seen more wearers of the Service i\Iedal on this parade than he had seen at any other single Corps during his tour of inspection in the British Empire,

He wa delighted to find that members did not obser\'e any distinctions of caste or creed in its work and congratulated the Corps that a Divi ion of i\1 uslim purdalz women actually administered first aid to both men and \yomen.

Bombay, continued Col. Sleeman, possessed in the person of the Governor of Bombay, one \\'ho took a keen and sympathetic interest in their work and one who had the honour of being- a Knigbt of St. John. The en'ice rendered during the riots not only pro\'ed a recommendation of the work for which thE; Brigade exi ted but also indicated the existence of a spirit of Brotherhood.

After the in pection, Col. Sleeman paid a yisit to the Lady \Villingdon Building of the Parsi Division.

RHODE IA

The annual inter-provincial competItIon for the" Selborne" Shield was held at Bloemfontein on r\o\'ember 21 t, when U mtali team, which I-ecently won the" Birchenough " hieId, repre ented the Rhodesia Railways District but were

unfortunately beaten for the first place by the narrow margin of one-fifth of a mark. This was the tenth time a team from Rhodesia had competed and the po ition gained by Umtali w a s the hig-hest y e t attained.

Ambulance Officer J. L. Barnett, captail1 of the team, was successful in winning the trophy for the best indi\'idual ,, ork.

Team, oral and ind l\'idual practical tests were set, the C mtali team being second in the first two and third in the l a t.

Cape To\\ !) ,, ' er e th e winners with 220 + 5tlls mark, ollowed by Umtali Johannesbur g , Bloemfontein, Usakos nd Vryheid.

Gas POisoning in Civil life.

By GEOFFREY BEWLEY.

OF all forms of poison, taken either acciden tally or deliberately, carbon monoxide is by far the most common, and the number of deaths from this cause is increasing rapidly. In the last fifteen years the increase is more than 400 per cent, Carbon dioxide, sulphuretted hydrogen, and many other gases may cause poisoning, but are relatively very rare.

CARBON MONOXIDE.

This is a colourless and odourless gas, which forms an explosive mixture with air. It is found in coal gas, and this accounts for its popularity as a means of suicide. Other poisons are hedged round with regulations and numerous Acts of Parliament to restrict their sale, but carbon monoxide, one of the most dangerous of all, is on tap in almost every house. Coal gas is formed by the dr y distillation of coal by heat in the absence of air, and contains about 6 per cent. of carbon mono x ide. In its pure state it is not very dangerous. Gas as delivered to the consumer in most places contains an admixture of "water gas." This is formed b y passing steam over red hot coke, when a mixture of gases containing 40 to 50 per cent. of carbon monoxide is formed. Water gas is cheap to prod uce, but is a serious source of danger to the consumer.

A('cidents occur through defective piping and leaking taps. Another accidental cause is due to the gas being tu rned off at the meter and the occupants of the room failing to turn off the tap when the light goes out. When the gas is turned on next morning, its escape will probably not wake up the sleeping occupants and they will be overcome.

Ge y sers and any other forms of stove, if fitted without a vent pipe, are always a potential source of danger. I t is not necessary for there to be a direct escape of gas for poisoning to take place.

Another source of carbon monoxide is the ex-

haust of a motor car. W hen the engi ne is warmed up and the m ixtu re properly adj usted, there is little danger, as carbon monoxide is only produced when the amount of air supplied to the engine is relatively deficient. In cold weather the use of the "strangler" in starting the car enriches the mixture, and if a car is left running in a closed garage to warm it up, carbon monoxide will be formed and render the atmosphere dangerous in a short space of time.

In the body carbon monoxide unites with the hcemoglobin of the blood much more readily than oxygen. Thus, if a little carbon monoxide is present in the air, it will be picked up by the hc:emoglobin at the expense of the oxygen, and this action will continue until so much hcemoglobin is united with carbon monoxide that the amount left to carry oxygen to the tissues is i nsufficien t for the needs of the body, and death will ensue. An amoun t as small as to 1 per cen t. in normal ai r will prod uce a fatal resul t.

The symptoms caused by this ga are headache, dizziness, weakness and mental torpor, \\ hich may prevent escape from a aas-laden atmosphere, although the danger is realised and the means of escape are easy. These symptoms go on to coma, convulsions and death. If recovery occurs, permanent mental and nervou chang s may be found.

In mild degrees of poisoning, where there i no loss ot consciousness, it is sufficien t to remo\' e the victim to the open air and to ke p him at r t. In pure air the carbon monoxide is grad u a ll y d isociated from the hcemoglobin and exhaled. In severe cases consciousness is lost alld the breath in CT may be irregular or have ceased completely. In such cases the loss of consciousness is clue to want of oxygen in the brain, and it is essential to remove the carbon monoxide from the blood as rapidly as possible and to replace it with oxygen, as prolonged oxygen want will cause irretrievable damage to the brain.

Artificial respiration should be employed unless the breathing is normal, and a mixture of oxygen with 5 per cent. carbon dioxide should be given by inhalation. \Vith this mixture the percentage of hc:emoglobin combined with carbon monoxide can be reduced from 60 to 10 per cent. in twenty minutes, whereas with pure air onh it would take seven times as long. If it is possible, bleeding and transfusion with live human blood should be employed, as this procedure directly removes the hc:emoglobin combined with carbon monoxide, and replaces it with fresh hc:emoglobin. After recovery takes place, com plete rest for several days is necessary.

S U LPHURETTED HYDROGE •

This is a colourless gas with a smell of rotten eggs. It is not found normally in sewer gas, which indeed is harmless if the sewer is properly

ventilated. Should a sewer, however, become blocked, many gases are given off, but the toxic effects of such gas are due to the sulphuretted hydrogen which it contains. Two parts in a thousand will cause death, but its presence can be detected in very much greater dilution, one part in ten thousand, owing to its penetrating odour.

Some of us can remember the accident which occurred in Dublin in 1905 during the work on a sewer. Three workmen, one after the other, were rendered unconscious by an escape of foul sewer gas. A policeman went to the rescue, but failed to re-appear. Another man went down, and he, too, did not re-appear. To the rescue of the five men now below in the sewer, a sixth man descended. He was able to fix a rope around two, who were hauled up before he became unconscious. Yet another volunteer descended, who succeeded in getting [our of the unconscious men to the surface before he uccumbed. It took seven more men, each in his turn, to complete the work of rescue. The policeman and one of the workmen lost their li\ es, and the other. were eriously ill for a time, but recovered.

The symptoms of poisoning and the treatment of cases are the same a with carbon monoxide. D]OXIDE.

Carbon dioxide may be found in deep wells and excavations, in brewer' vats and in the neighbourhood of lim ki I n and brick ki I ns. I t is also one of the con Lituents of "after-damp" in coal mines. I t is not poi onous of it elf and is on I y dangerous when oncentrated, when it prevents the normal excretion of carbon dioxide from the lungs. The test of 10\\' ering a lighted candle into a well to ascertain whether the air is respirable or not is most misleading, as a candle can burn in an atmosphere which contain a percentage of carbon dioxide dangerous to life. Poisoning by carbon dioxide is treated with artificial re piration ar:d oxygen inhalations.

OTHER GA L.

Many other gases may cause poisoning, but they are chiefly found in chem ical operations in laboratories and in various trade processes.

Arseniuretted hydrogen is a very lethal gas, which may be given off in the production of hydo· gen if the materials from which it is generated are not pure.

Phosgene is formed by the heat of the flames, when carbon tetrachloride is used in extinguishing fires. Recovery from its effects is usual.

The fumes of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and ammonia will all cause capillary bronchitis and broncho-pneumonia, often with a fatal result. These serious symptoms only come on some hours after the fumes are inhaled, and for this period the feels nothing amiss once the primary lrrltatlOn of the fumes has passed off. Ammonia

is commonly used in r:efrigerators and accidents have resulted from the bursting of these appliances. Other gases may cause poisoning, but are extremely rare.-Irz'sh Ambulance Gazette.

National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association.

TilE annual general meeting of the above will be held at the Birmingham Corporation Tramways and Omnibus Department Social Club, Upper Priory, Corporation-street, Birmingham, on Thursday, February 4th, at 2.30 p.m. Business to be trans a cted will include election of officials, \,enues for the Area preliminary "Stirk" competitions, &c., and a cordial invitation is extended to any member of a Passenger Transport Undertaking to attend the meeting.

At present t\.venty-two l'ndertakings are affiliated to the Association, which is still growing and gaining ne\.v members.

Each year a competition is held for the" Stirk " trophy, and in this connection preliminary competitions take place in the North, South and :'IIidland areas, the winning teams entering the final. The :\Ianche ter Corporation Transport Department have this year undertaken to make arrangements for the final competition, which will be held on July +th .

A ny Passenger Transport undertaking intErested in this As sociation can obtain full particulars and book of rules from the hon. secretary, :'Ilr. D. Hardy, 129, Somer"ille-road, Small Heath, Birmingham, 10.

THINGS SEEN - -

At a re cent foothall match at Newport the referee" sent oA'" an ambulance man who was on duty.

A television on " First Aid for Accidents in the Home" which \\'as radiated from Alexandra Palace and gi\ en under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

An O\'erseas monthly ambulance journal \\ hich in one issue contained three articles reprinted from FIRST Am. Our educational articles are well sought after.

--AN D HEARD.

The funds of the British Red Cross Society ha\'e benefited to the amount of just over £1,+84- from the Red Cross Ball held at Gros\'enor House during TO\ ember.

That Captain ,y, Goodley )\J.e, Commi sioner 1\0, 1 District, S.J.A.B., and Centre Secretary, L.N.E.R., has been ordered Lo rest by his medical ad\'isor. 'Ye \"ish him a speedy recovery to good health.

l\lany expression of satisfaction at the way the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade Headquarters' tair arrange for the well-beino- and the excellent organisation 011 behalf of those who attend the inten i\ e A. R. P. courses held in London,

The Frinton and \V alton R. D. C. have recommended that a suitable site be allotted to the \Valtol1 and Frinton S .J. A. B. for the erection of a first aid dre sing station on the promena de at 'N aHon,

Ratlway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

SLOUGH.-Examination awards and gold efficiency rnedals were presented to mem bers of the Slough am bulance class at the Royal Hotel, when the success of the year's working was celebrated by a dinner and concert on December 10th. The gathering was presided O\'er by lr. e. A. \\ arner, Station l\lastf!r, who is president of the laugh G. vV R. Ambulance Division, and among those present were 1r. C. T. Cox, Divisional Superintendent, Dr. Frank 100re, lecturer, and Irs. l'Iloore, and Mr. A. C. B. Pickford.

Special tribute was paid by the chairman to the services of 1\1r. 1\1. J. House, class secretary. In presenting the a'wards, 1\lr. Cox referred to the early days of the movement and he had recently had the pleasure of presenting number one 35 year efficiency bar, eleven of which awards had been awarded.

An excellent concert was given by the Thomas Gray Parents Association Follies and Accordian Band.

BRINKwoRTH.-The annual dinner and presentation of awards to members of the Brinkworth class "vas held at the Three Crowns Holel, Little Somerford, on December 10th.

Captain B. R. Turner presided and distributed certificates and gold efficiency medals and bars.

The toast of the" St. John Ambulance Association" was proposed by Captain E. 1\1. Scott l'Ilac:kirdy, Supt. of the l'Ilalmesbury St. John Ambulance Brigade, and Dr. B. L. Hodge, responding, spoke of the good work accomplished by its members.

vVESToN-SUPER- IARE -The annual social of the vVeston-super- 1are class was held at the Queen's Hall, on December 2nd, when lr. A. V. R. Brown, Assistant Traffic Superintendent, presided, and was supported by l\1essrs. W. N. Pellow, H. N. S. Edwards, J. P. Burgoyne and A. e. Napper (class secretary dnd instructor).

Mr. apper presented his report of the year's work, all 39 members of which had been successful. TO fewer than 30 gold efficiency awards were held by members of the class. Tribute was paid by the chairman to lr. Napper's services and also to the good work of the instructor, Dr. Clutterbuck. Mr. Pellow distributed class and efficiency awards.

The Swindon Concert Party contributed humourous and vocal items.

london, Mid land and Scottish.

A SHBouRNE.-Nlem bers of the Class held their annual dinner on December 11th. There was a company of about tifty over which Ml'. G. W. Thornhill presided, supported by Dr. Q. Madge, Mr. ]. Hughes (hon. secretary), and othcrs

Dr. I\ladge presented six certificates, four vouchers, and thirteen lab els

The toast of the "L.M. S. Railway Company" was proposed by Mr. C. Earl, Mr. J. Stone responded. The h ealth of " The Visitors," was given by Mr. C. Grime, and acknowledged by Mr. A. R. Fairclough. Mr. P.

Hall toasted 'c The Chairman," and the health of tht: host and hostes , Mr. and Mrs. Casson, was submitted by (he chairman.

BLAcKBuRN.-An annual competition for district departmental team wa h elel on Decemher 3rd The teams competing were: Great Harwood, who look first place, Blackburn Traffic No. 1 second, Dlackburn Ambulance Class Tcam third, Blackhurn District Engineer's fourth, and Blackhurn Traffic TO. 2 fifth.

The highest possible marks for team and individual tests were 245) the first team scoring 191 and the second 186.

Dr. Sykes of Burnley and :'1r. Colhorlle, Corps "upt. .J.A.B., Burnley, "werc the judges.

Th e event createc! it great deal of interest among t the staff, and a large number attended a spectator.

.l\1r. W. Hepworth acted a Chairman, and in hi", remarks, commented on the enthu iaslll shown in Blackburn for ambulance work, and the de ire of tile Raika:Company to increase the number of taff traincd In First Aid.

The prizes were presented by J\Irs. Bentley.

DERBY.-A rag and bone merchant, \\ hile ull his round with his barrow, was struck on the jaw and knocked into the gutter by another man. lIe had been drinking whisky and eating, and the blow made a picce of bread stick in his throat, cau ing asphyxia. Injury was also inflicted to his hand by a broken bottle.

This situation faced teams in the Locomotive Department's annual competition held recently. vVatch ed by the judge, Dr. G. B. Thrift, five teams from the different shops had to tend the i11 jured man before he was remov cd to hospital.

The result of thc test was that o. 8 hop's TO. 2 team scored highest points, 216 out of a po ible 350, and so won a silver challenge cup. l,Iembers of the team, G. Morley, L. H. Barker, R. Thompson, VV. tewart, and J. Hickton , were awarded wristlet \\atche No. 18 Shop followed closely two point behind, and members of the team, ]. A. Brown, 'V. Farley, C. Fosher, W. Deacon, and H. TW1l1icliffe, received hal f d1l1ner- ets. There were 2S competitors in the senior individual competition for the" Sir Henry Fowler" Chailcnge Cup. Only three points separated the winner and the entrant \vho was third.

In addition to holding the cup [or a year Pegg (No. 16 Shop) rec e ived a shaving cabinet. C. v\Tillis. ( o. 8 Shop), who was second, was a,vardec1 an amhulancc box, and H. Hunt ( o. 16 Shop), who was third. won a fountain-pen and pencil.

J. A. Brown (No. 18 Shop) was the winner in the junior section and his prize was a travelling case. were six entrants in this competition.

Dr. J. Barlow Schofield was judge for the individual sections.

HINCKLEY.-On December 3rd) the Local Police prescnted Foreman Preece of the Goods Departm ent, Hinckley, with a Westminster Chime Clock in appreciation of his services to the Police Ambulance Classes. The presentation was made by' Supt. Mason, who

FIRST

paid trilmtt: to 1\1 r. Preece's efforts. Mr. Preece suitably responded. This yt:ar thL HInckley Pollee oi>tall1ed thll-d place ill the L eicester County Area Police Competition. Foreman Preece is secrLlary of lhe L.i\I.S. Ambubnce class al Hinckley.

l o ndon a nd No rt h Ea stern.

The dates for (he Districl Ambulallce Competitions ill till' .'\ ortb Eastern Area have been arranged as iullo\\ s : - York: Wedncsday, February 3rd; Middlcsbroug"h: Saturda), l ' ebruar) 6th; Darlington: Saturday, Fl'iJruar) 13th; 1\C\\ ca tIL: \\'cdncsday, February 17th ; Leeds: :-;atllnla), FclJruary 27th; IIull: vVcdnesday, :'I1arch 3rd.

'1 hl \\ hartull' 'hield competitio1l, upe11 (0 the til toct l'('I1I[Juiti(Jl1 \\ innc:rs. is to he held at Gateshead Oil Saturday, March 20th.

The filial uf the Easkm Celllrc compet itions \\'111 he held Oil ::'IIarch 17th, at tratford

Tht· anl1ual C( llllpl.:lltiull lur lht: Gl()rUe ) acksoll OJ \llIl1o rial Trophy was held in "underland la:t Illonth. I hl. C01l1petltlull. \\ hich \\a startul four )-ears ago, is til enco urage ambulance work among rail and road lransPIJrl em plo) eeS.

This YUH t\\() rail\\a\ and two lTorthern General TraIl-port' Company teams' cOlllpeted, the result heing a win for the l;recllefielcl Loco. tLam. followed by Ben• hdl11 tation. ?\.c;:r . .'\'0. I and l. -.G.T. TO 2.

])1'. \\ '. "llll rnslclL :'[urray, uf Xorth hield, judged till: individ ual tests, ",hil t the team te \\as judg-ed by ])1. t:. garton. of East I301don. ](,hl1 \\,illis. amlllilance secrL'lary. 1Iiddlesbrough DIstrict. pn.',·cntcd the trophy and medal to the winning (t a 111 :ll1d runners-up.

Cuul1ctllur C. B. TYrrell, of Gate head, Chairman oj thc C()ill)lltltiol1, presidccL

The annllal cUm petition for the "] ack Scot" \Iullorial il\"cr Challenge CUll, pre ented by J\1r. and :\lr C. 'cot, for indi\'iciual competition among member (J f (he 'Yood ford and Hinton L..l. -.r-:.R. CIa s was held recentlY.

Dl:. A. A. IIo)le and illr. \\ Irons were the judges and ul11e \ ery cxccllent ,\ ork \\ as dOlle.

Thc result \\ as : -1 t, .l\Ir. C. J. IIollis, 176 point : 2ml, I\:[r. L. Shea ley (holder), 165; 3rd) .l\1r. E. J. Locke, 161.

Dr. Hope said it \\ as a tonishing how few mistakcs were made. The competitor ans\\ cred \'Cry \\'e11 indeed. and the standard was very high. lIe paid tribute to l1r. Irons (cia s in tructor), who. hc aici, did 0 much \\'ork for the class.

1\Ir. Irons said that in the practical lest, kill \\'Cl sh()\\ n in clean ing and handaging the scalp wound, and in (he control of arterial I)leeding.

Owing- to Mr. C. Scot, the donor, being unavoidably ahsent, ::\11. Reg Adams, a member of the class, presented hc cup to the \\'inner, and congratulated him.

11r. Hollis expressed thanks for the cup. which he wIll hold for l\\ elve month, and the replica, also o'iyen by ?\1r. and Mrs. cot. Mr. Irons thanked all who had taken part.

Southern.

The Chatham and District Compelition lor tht: District Shield and c. Gower" Cup was held recently at Chatham.

The judges were Dr. Holey and Major oble, who IJut h commented on the general excellence of the work done.

The trophies were presented the winning tcam, trained by the district secretary, hy Mr. C. Rogcrs, in the absence of Sir Robert Gower, the membcr of parliamcnt for Gillingham.

The cumpetition for the Ramsgate Borough Cup was held in the Centenary Hall and 'won hy the Southern Railway Division 1 o. 1 Team. The prizes were preented by Alderman Mrs. F. Dunn.

Dr. Boulden, \vho judged the team test, said he would like to congratulate all the teams on the fact that they all saved the life of the victim of the c. air crash" and added that after seeing the work of the competitors he would never fear to take a flight which might involve a sudden landing near Ramsgate.

The" Crichton" Cup Competition was held recently in the Buffet Lowlge at Xo. 103-4 Sheds) Southampton Docks, and re ult e d in a win for the outhampton Docks .. A team. :'lr. Biddle presented the cup and prizes.

Dr. Clayre, in replying to the yote of thanks, con,rratulated the teams on having reach ed uch a high standard, and said he wished more men would take an acti\"e part in that movement of chivalry" Fir t Aid to the Injured."

The award gained by members of the Fayersham Class were pre en ted recently by Lady Alexander. The awards included fi,'c 30-year certificate and four 21-year gold medals, and Carriage Examiner O\\'en received the Compa ny's Certificate of Merit.

At a recent Meeting of the Centre Committee the undermentioned members of the Southern Railway taff \\ ere awarded the Company's ::\Ieritoriou Long ervice Certificate :-E. S. Davey, Guard, Horsham; E. '1'./ tempt, tation Foreman. Poole; A. E. :'Iaindonald. Loader, Nine Elms; R. vVinter, Dock Porter, Dover G. Proy\', torekeeper, Fratton; H. G. Breed, Porter-Signalman, Hayant.

Surgeon Vice-Admiral Sir A. Gaskell and lr.]. W Dodge have consented to become President and Vice - President, respectively, of the Fareham St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Exmouth St. John Ambulance have receiyed another gene r ous g ift from Si r Garbutt Knott, Bt., of Court Land, Exmouth, their president. A cheque for £500 was received by the hon. secretary ( lr. W. J. B. Perriam) last month.

Every penny s pent on advertising create s prestige , standing and reputation for the firm that spends it. It may not be discernable in immediate results , but the effect is certain and the power cumulative.

O u r

CAMP FOR DIYISIO 5.

Nurses' Pages.

COM PI L ED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

A camp will be held for the nursing personnel of the St. John Ambulance Brigade this year at Rossall School, between Fleetwood and Blackpool, from July 31st to August 7th. The nearest railway station is Fleetwood. The cost per head, inclusi\'e of board and lodging, for the week will be 37s. 6d. for officers, and 35s. for members. This is less than the charg-e made by the school authorities this year, but The Order ha most generously consented t pay the extra charge of 7/ - per head.

Rossall School is most delightfully situated, being actually on the seashore. The private beach belonging to the school, of \\'hich those attending the camp haye the use, can be reached from the courtyard. There is a pri\'ate chapel, a beautiful dining-hall, comfortable sitting-rooms, and the ,,'indows of most of the bedrooms look right out to sea. The food is excellent. There are also tennis courts, large playing fields and a swimming pool.

There will be lectures and a certain amount of practical work each day, but as it is realised that man\" members \\'ish to combine work ,,"ith pleasure, making this their holiday, plenty ot free time will be given in which they -nay follow their own pleasures.

Regulation indoor and outdoor uniform is essential. For lectures and practical work the plain grey camp oYerall with black tie and belt and soft white collar is recommended, as it is most comfortable. A. paper pattern of this in sizes 3-+, 36, 38 and -+0 inch bust measurement can be obtained from the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief's office, price 6d. each, or the overall can be bought ready-made from the stores and the usual firms. The white straw camp hat can be obtained from the Stores Dept., St. John's Gate, by tbose members who desire to ha\"e it. 1\lufti may be worn during free time. Those attending the camp must provide their own soap, towels and bedroom tumbler. Any officer or member who owns a gas mask should take it with her.

Cookery classes will be held. Those who wish to attend must provide themselves ""ith an oven cloth, tea towel, small pan, tablespoon, fork and knife.

All applications must be accompanied by 5 / - deposit, wbich will be forfeited if the officer or member cancels ber application after being accepted. The balance due must be sent direct to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief to reacb her not later than July 17th. The full payment for the week will be due unless an applicant cancels her application not later than July 23rd, except in the case of sudden illness, when a doctor's certificate must be submitted. The work in connection with the camp will be very much facilitated if those wishing to attend will apply as early as possible. Application should reach the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief's office by June 30th at the latesl, but any received after that date will not be refused unless the camp is already filled. TO application will be considered after July 24th.

Official application forms can be obtained by Officers in Charge of Divisions from the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief. They must be made out in duplicate, and forwarded by the Officer in Charge of the applicant's Division to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief at St. John's Gate, London, E.C.1.

FOUND.-A bronze medallion, 0.6804, Amy Sedgwick, in Queen's Road, Tunbridge Wells. If the owner will apply to Ladv Ambulance Officer Miss Ellison, 22, Molyneux Park, Tunbridge Wells, it will be returned to her.

I\o. 1 DISTRICT, .J.:LB.

Courses of lectures have been arranged as follows :-

"First t\id to the Injured," at District IIeadquarlers, 10, Briset treet, Clerkenwell, beginning Thursda), January 21st, at 7 p. m, Lecturer, Dr. ]. Stanley Davies. Fee for the course, including thc cxamination for the S.J.A.l\. cerLil1cate, 3 6d. Applications for enrolment to be made to Lady District Officer 1iss;\1. R. 1\1. Tuck\\ ell, 296, Leigham Court Road, W.16.

"First Aid for \Vomen," lecturer, Dr. J. \\'. Litchfield, B.1\1., at t. P t r's Church Room, Elgin Avenue, Paddington, commencing on Thursday ('\ ening, February 11 th, at 8 p. m. Fee for course 3 6d., including examination. Candidale wi hing to enrol are asked to be at St. Peter's Church Room, Elgin Avenue, on Thur dar evening, February 11th, at 7.30 p m. For further information apply in writing- to Lady Div. Supt. :'IIr Gitsham, -+7, Chippenham Road, W.9.

II First Aid in Case ," at Toynbcc Hall, Ct)l11mercial Street, beginning on Thur day, 4th, at 8 p. m. Fee, including the examination, J 6d. Those wishing to enrol kindly apply to Lady Di\,. 'upl.:'I1 iss I rael, 213, Vicarage Road, Ley ton, E.10.

ERRATA.-In the la t is ue we ga\'e \Ve...,t Ham <1<, the winners of the" Edith \\'ard" Shield, when, in fact, Ea::,t Ham Division were the winner. \\'e apologie to the latter team.

[ o. 2 DISTRICT, S.J ,,\. B. :\IILTON I\URSING DI\ ISION. - .\ successful dinner held on December 15th, presided over by Lady Oi\, Supt.

1\1rs. Nellthorp, who warmly welcomed the ( hid gUl' h, Lady Corps Supt. 1\lrs. Fulljames, i\l. B. E., Di\ urgel1n Dr. F. 1'1. Norway, and iter Notting-ham.

During the evening several presentations were made. These included gifts from members of the Division to i\l rs. Fulljames, Dr. orway, Sister Nottingbam and 1\1 r'i. Clark for valuable help generously given throughout the : ear.

1\1rs. N elltborp was also asked to accept a hand ome bedside reading lamp and clock from her member, with a sincere hope that her health might improve.

A Challenge Cup given by thc Ladv Divi ional Superintendent for competition among the members was won for the first time by Miss Q. vVoodford alld 1\1 iss 1\1. Olding, weo had tied for first place in the test Both they and the runner-up, Mrs. J. Dunn, received silver pencils, the gift of Mrs. Nellthorp.

At the conclusion of a most enjoyable evening, 1\1 iss 1\1. Prestow, Divisional Secretary, proposed a vote of thanks to Mrs. N ellthorp for so kindly giving the trophy for COI11petition.

No.3 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. COMPETITION AT PETERBOROUGIl. - Teams from six Nursing Divisions took part in an inter-divisional competition for the "Shrive" Cup, given by Miss Shrive, of The Pantiles, at the Dujon on Sunday afternoon, December 6th. Dr. Elliott and Miss Stansbury of Oundle kindly acted as judges.

The results, with the number of marks gained out of 100, were :-1, Headquarters Division "A," 83; 2, Headquarters

B " 82 ; 3, Iller, 77; -+, Werrington, 5, Reeves, 6.6 ; 6, lellows, 53. The winni!lg team conslsted Lady S t 1\ liss Davis Amb. Sisters MISS Pace, MISS 1arnoLt up .' d 1 II D' 'and iVlrs. Evan. The forme e ows IV1S10n was competing for the first time.

The com petilors had to treat a f sku.lI and f tured arm of a patient wbo bad been II1Jurcd In the where the crowd made a nuisance.. then had to take him home, where hi motller, With a VIOlent scream, promptly fainted. The ?\[ayorpss, 1rs. Hall, who was accompanied by the Deputy l\1ayoress, 1\1 rs. Hayward, attended to present the prizes, amI wa inlroduced by Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. I\Iilton. S' 1 rs. Milton mentioned that the A.mbulance Isters ,, ere often called upon to do emergency work, and wben the recent explosion OLcurrecl at the City T:lllperance Hotel, Lad), Div. Supt. :\li. s IIall, who was pas JOg, rendered first a id to two ca es. They were also allowed to help at the hospital and thus relieve the nurse there.

.\fter she had pre ented the cup and. repltcas. to the winnin<Y team the expressed her Jl1terest In nursng of 'kind. he congratulated them all on their (' lliciencY and quickness. It was so useful to know what to do in of an accident, and above all not to lose one's head. ilton thanked the 'IIayore s and Deputy :\layoress for allending" and also Dr. Elliott and l\liss Staflsbury who had judged 'the tests. ill rs. econded this, and the vo te wa<; carried with acclamatIOn.

"0. 5 DISTRICT, .J \. B.

ROTIIERII:\:\I URSI 'G annual general m e lting wa held at House, Tuesday e\ening, Dt cember bth. The La?), Dlv. Pre 1d e nt, I\lr5. F. Knight, :\1. B. E., J. P., preSided. Lad\ Di\'. upt. :\lis Buckle, re\'iewing the work of lh e said that in addition to taking duty at fetes, children , port, etc., many members had helped friends a nd neigh hours in ca es of accident and ickness. Teams frolll the Diyision had entered for c0l11petl110nS at Sheffield, l' oningham, and \VombwelI, had .done \\:ell. A go od report had been receivcd after the' .A. D tnSpectlOn. , Reports of variou branches of the ,,\:ork were g ven. :'olr. \\ ard said that the ur tng DI\ ISlon s branch of the Hospital Linen Leag-ue had had a successful year, a nd thanked all hose who had contributed. liss Braitb,,'a ite spoke of the \\'ork of the A. R. P. class of which she is the lecturer.

The tatement of Account showed a balance in hand of £127s. 10d. on the year' working. The garden party l:eld during June and the annual whist dri\'e had together realised £3-+ -+s. 2d., and i\Icmbers' ubscriptions had amounted to £15 is. Od.

Thanks were expre sed to Dr. H. R. Elliott, Dr. ]. Crook, Sgt. G. Hughes, gt. Fox and Sgt. 1\1iles for their help as lecturers or examiners during- 1936, and ,:lso to t.he Lady Div. Supt., to the officers, and to .\. Sister 1\llss Braithwaite, the .\. R. P. lecturer.

No. 8 DISTRICT, S.]. A. B.

TUNBRIDGE "VELLS NURSI G DIVISION.-On Wednesday, Decem ber 16th a successful Social was held at the Divisional Headquarters, 'Lady Ambulance Officers liss Ellison and Miss Hubbard acting as joint 1\1.c.

There was a beautifully decorated Christmas Tree, with presents for the members of the Ambulance and Nurstng Divisions and their friends, these being distributed by Father Christmas (Miss Hubbard) and Miss Ellison. A whist drive, games and competitions-a hat trimming competition for the men causing great amusement-were held

INVALUABLE TO FIRST =AIDERS

In spite of its name I( The Physician" is a book which will be found tnval uable by all connected with First Aid or Ambulance work.

The Editor, Douglas Hay Scott, M.B., Ch:B., is a l ecturer in First-Aid, Hygiene, Home NursIng, Anatomy and advanced Physiology at College, LO ,1don, and First-Aid Commandant, Surrey Cadet Brigade Formerly h.e was C.ounty Director British Red Cross Society, City of Dundee,' and Lecturer and Examiner in First Aid and Home Nursing, St. Andrews Ambulance Association He has taken great care in compiling this work and has been assisted by other wellknown medical men to ensure that the information given is absolutely authoritative.

SOME OF THE SUBJECTS.

First Aid-Home Nursing-Hygiene-Drugs -The Giving of l\Iedicines-Electricityand Medicine-Anatomy and Physiology-Physical Culture General Diseases-Infectious Diseases-Diseases of the Heart Blood, Digestive System, Urinary System System, Eye and Ear, Skin, System, Ductless ficiency Diseases - Diseases due to . ImpaIred l\Ietabolism-Diseases of the Bone-Diseases of the Joints, etc., etc.

FIRST AID

.

The section on First Aid constitutes a complete manual of ,e First Aid" work . The chapters on " Fractures" "Dislocations and Sprains," and " Bandao-in'g and Slings," have been written by one of the foremost medical authorities on the subject, and are profusely illustrated with X-Ray and other photographs and diagrams.

AN OPINION.

Mr. A. Squires, Melton Street, Nottingham, writes ;(The Family Physician' is a work needed in Ambulance Divisions. I find none to compare with it, and I have recommended your book to all our men interested in Fir.stAid work. I cannot obtain anything like it for the prIce charged."

SEND FOR PARTICULARS.

To The Caxton Publishing Co . Ltd. 46 Clun House, Su r rey Street, London , W C 2 Please send me, free of charge, full particulars of (I The Family Physician."

Nanle end this form in unsealed envelope (td stamp) or a postcard.

Ad dress U.2 ·····.·················

during the evening. Dancing to the music of a radiogram and the singing of Auld Lang Syne brought the happy event to a close.

TO. 9 DISTRICT, S.].A.B.

BARNSTAPLE NURSING DInsIO,.-The annual nursing di"i ional competitions were held at the Congregational choolrooms on Monday e\'ening-, December 21 t. The judges were County Surg-eon Dr. K. G. W. Saunders, Drs. Hoerman, Dickenson and Killard-Leavey, and Sisters helton and Lovetthole from the North Devon Infirmary.

The trophies were presented by the layoress to the following successful competitors :-" Lady Kennedy" Cup, team No.1, consisting- of Miss Shadwick (captain), liss Perkins, 1\1rs. Furseman and 1'1r:;. Pickering. " Martin" Cup, 1\1rs. Furseman (leader) and 1'1iss Corney. "KillardLea\'ey" Cups, Senior, !iss Gerry; Junior, lrs. Pickering.

The Barnstaple Nursing Cadets competed in Exeter on aturday, December 12th, in the County Cup Competitions and won the II Tho:nas " Cup for first aid and home nursing at their first attempt. Exeter were runners-ur.

The B::lrnstapble team, consisting of T. Corney, R. Spiller, D. Pearson N. Leamon (captain), with F. Youldon and 1\1. Cutcliffe as reserves, are to be warmly congratulated on their success. ---._.---

The Way They H a ve i n the Arlll Y.

By B.M.H.

V1HAT fun they have in the Army! Having been a temporary member of the Anti-Gas Vling of the Small Arms School at \iVinterbourne Gunner, I have corne home full of gas-literally and figuratively-and, I hope, with a satisfactory report. Adventures started in the train, where Brigade and Red Cross members fratern ised over tea. The chief question seemed to be, Have you brought your goloshes? I hadn't, but can well imagine that they are often necessary for the" hikes" over the Plain when weather is wet.

I had not been long in the hotel, when a motherly (or should I say fatherly?) army sent the Adjutant to know if Brigade members had arrived, and did we know how to get out to the camp? Having assured this worried-looking official that we would all arrive in time, and that we could find the bus unaided, I found others had arrived at the hotel. One of these had a car, and kindly acted as chauffeu r for the week.

Work started early, with a soothing talk from the C. 0., Major Westrupp Having made us feel quite happy, he charmed us by telling us we had three exams to pass. O ne in dril l the next day, another later in which we had to lecture our squads and a "written" to end up with. A versatile officer this. He later taught us how to make omelettes, and might make a fortune on the " Halls."

We then filed off to our sq uad rooms and OUf

Sergt. r nstructors fitted us with respirators, which were ours for the week.

Our Tank Sergeant's motto appeared to be " Watch me," and we did, with that exam hanging over our heads. However, it went off quite well.

\ Ve tried to imitate the army style and drilled our little sq uads in ou r most professional man nero According to our optimistic sergeant everyone of us was very good.

Lectures by Major Twigg filled a good part of the program me. He was ou r particu lar men tor and never seemed ti red of an wcri ng questions and begging us to suck a Zube !

They have a quaint sense of humour at \Vinterbourne Gunner. \Ve were taken out for a long hike up a road and told to scramble up a bank. Having arrived, rather breathless, a supply of phosgene was promptly let loose. \\Te certainly needed those Zubes! \Vhile still coughing, we were marched on and were suddenly struck in the eye, apparently by a flying beetle, but really only by tear gas. A short respite and more walking, this time through a nose irritant. This had no effect, so we wen t back to the mess and had coffee and cakes.

The demonstrations were quite the best part of the course. l\lany of these \\' re "run" by Capt. McMurtrie-an honest man, if God wills (to quote himself). For our instruction - and his 0\\11 amusement-he did various conjuring trick. TIe let off bombs full of purple an aeroplane to spray the road with a red Ouidturned a stream of chlorine on somc hreau and water and then turned them hlack with mystic words and an unknown chemical. lIc produced flames in a little tin with mustard gas aml bleach powder and burnt a Hepplewhite chair in the middle of the l-'Iai n.

Capt. Holmes Tarn had a deceptively melancholy look, but apparently loved a noise. \Ye went hiking with him too and heard strombos horns and other un musical instru ments warn i ng us of approaching gas.

Little was left to our imagination. \\Te saw decontamination centres and first aid posts and learnt how to undress personnel and wounded. To spare our blushes the latter always wore football kit- but things were so thoroughly realistic that one held one's breath and wondered how far realism was going.

The practical work was most thorough. We really did repair respirators, and we really did gasproof doors and wi ndows. VI e really did go through gas and we really were raided.

Somehow the gas chamber reminded me of a slaughter house. Each under our shepherd we were herded outside, COlI n ted and then marshalled in, wearing respirators.

Behind a glass screen-looking rather like something in an aquarium-sat Lieut. Dawson,

A FEW OF THE MANY ADVANTAGES OF OUR SPECIAL COACHING SERVICE

You can qualify a a i\lasseur in the comfort o.f yo.ur home, in your spare time, and \'err considerably add to your effiCIency 10 FIrst Ald.

You call an expen knowledge of A ATO:\lY, PHYSIC?LOGY :\1,\:\'1 PUL\TIVE TRE.\ TME T without drudgery,

who manipulated various witches which hea t ed the litt le C. A. P. sausages Here the mela n chol), Capt. Holmes Tarn enjoyed himself mak i ng us do a little P.T , toe-touching, etc., while he ta l ked to us. Then out of the slaughter house and an i nvitation to walk through without respi r ato rs . \ Ve all accepted the invitation, some r a n , so m e walked with stately dignity, but aga in o ne had that smack in the eye, causing blinding tears A kindly sergeant was posted at the exit to " fie ld" us if we missed the step!

Truly the army has an odd sense of humou r. \ Ve hiked back to the cam p and were prom pt l y sat in rows on hard benches and photog raphed The" lecturettes " kept some awake at night, but, again, according to our optimistic se r geant, we were very good. \ Ve each had to talk fo r t en minutes on a given subject. Some we re old hands and airi ly asked the judge if he could hea r at the back of the hall; some confes.sed it \vas thei r fi rst lecture; some looked aloofly over the heads of their audience; some gazed coyly down at their apparatus, and one little, but excellent, lecturer was lost behind the high desk.

The last day recorded the greatest th r ills . I n the middle of a talk by .Major VI estru p p there was a whirr of an aeroplane overhead and the building was shaken by a series of explosions and fi ll ed with acrid smoke. I issiles hit the roof and walls. Respirators were promptly put on. People scrambled under the tables, while others rushed to shut windows and fasten the gas-pro0f curtains.

After a few minutes bombardment, the" All Clear" was given and we hurried out to see the damage . A squad of men in a lor: r y had caught it badly, one man being wounded and l y i ng in a pool of mustard. His gallant companions ran fo r a stretcher and carried him to safety so fast that they nearly jerked him off The road and the lorry were duly decontaminated and shell holes we re filled in and we went off to lunch

\ Vho arranged the menus? We had fish pie to stimulate our brains and mince pies for a wish most appropriate, as we t hen had ou r second thrill, the w r itten examination O n ly an hou r an d a half, and our brains seeth i ng w i th informa t ion. Quite impossible to get it all o n paper. We wrote at express speed till we ached and all too soon it was time to hand in OUf papers

Then a scram ble of farewells to our i nst ru cto rs and each other and a rush for the London tr ain

We reached home, with tired br ains, b u t a fee lin g that it was a ll thoroughly wo r th w hi le, an d t hat we were very I ucky to b e one of the chose n s ix t ytwo.

We are p r epared to supply Ambulance Se c retaries and others with specimen cop i es of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, P IRST AID, 6 Cannon St., London E.C.

I nd ication of Carbo n ic Acid.

O XYGEN IN RE

By D R. l\IED K . TIlIEL, Ko ni gsbe r g .

THE ad mini s t e ri ng of carbo ni c ac id in 6-8 pe r ce n t. b y s im u l taneo u s oxygen inha lat ion is one of th e m os t effe c t ive m eans of effecting t h e respi rat ion ce n t r e and the ' vaso m otory cen tre. 0 the adm i ni ster in g of it is indicated in any case where th r ough po ison i ng a complete stand till of tbe r espi ra ti on and the peripheral circulation has occ u r r ed . The use ought to take place at CO po isoning and at po ison i ngs by central narcotic m eans as morph ia, opiates, and inhalation narcotics . A c ont ra i ndication against the administeri ng is carbonic acid poison i ng-however rare The use of this means by drown i ng or suffocation by hang i ng or strangu lation may be que tioned, as the cond i tions here seem to be very much like that of carbon ic acid poisoning.

An abso l ute necessity for the administer i ng of this means does not seem to be at hand as we in a se ri es of physic, practicable intra - muscularly an I i ntravenous ly, dispose of methods by means of which we are able to achieve not only similar, but perhaps even bette r results by simultaneous use of 02 .

However, these methods can only be expected to be of some use in so far as they are em plC'yed whi l e the heart is still active For only through t he circulation of the blood does this means reach the p lace where i t mu st produce its e[[ect.-Extract from lecture given at the fourth I nternational Congress of Life Saving and First Aid in Cases of Accident.

At the annual meeting of the \Vellingborough Centre, S·lA.A., the l\larquis of Exeter was electetl President in succession to the late Mr. Owen Parker who had he ld the office since 1923

3' E

Hafod won the fifth annual com petition for the North Wales Coalo'Yners' Ambulance Shield held at \Vrexham last month Eight teams competed, the judges being Dr. Glyn Evans and D r. Brock. l\lr. W. J. Charlton, Divisiona l Inspector of Mines for the North Western Division, presented h e award s .

At a meeting in Berwick, presided o\ er by the Mayo r (Councillor P Spowart), it was decided to form two divisions of St. J ohn A m bulance Brigade, one for men and the other for ,,"omen. The meeting was add r esse d by Dr. P W. Maclagan, Medical Officer fo r Berwick, who out l ined what the formation of di v isions entai led.

T HE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

A lew of the Subjects treated : -

First Aid

How to Treat Accidents

Influenza, Colds, etc.

Measles, Mumps

Treating Diseases by Water

" Herb" Root and Salt Remedies.

Corns and Warts

The Diseases of Men, Women

Send Coupon or postcard for ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET FREE and

Children,

THEI R CA U SE AND TREATMENT, \vith complete instructions on First Aid, the science of hygiene ,

The 500 illustrations and full-page Plates and tbe Anatoffil cal showing tbe Organs of the Human Body.exactly as tbey overlay each other makes the reading matter more easily underst?od

THE Y O UN G WIFE and the experienced married woma n will find all they want to know made clear.

M O THERS who wish their daughters to develop naturally will find exactly the teaching they need.

W O MEN OVE R 4 0 will find theu difficulties regarding health frankly discussed.

There are hundreds of subjects of value in all . The. muscles, .teeth , digestion, hair, food value, Ju- Jitsu, phrenology . How to dIsease , from appearance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, perspuatlOn, etc

Dieting for Disease

Treatments for Beauty

Physical Culture

Exercises for all Purposes

What to Do in Emergencies

Treatment for all Skin Diseases

How to read Symptoms

The Lungs

Pleurisy

Hygiene, Anatomy,

The Principles of NurSing

Invalid Cookery

Surgical Diseases

Brain and Nervous Diseases

Diseases of Old Age

Diseases of Infancy

The Principles of Phrenology

Shingled and Bobbed Hair

Diseases of Hair and Head

Adenoids

Sleep, Beds and Bedding

The Eye, the Ear

The Throat, the Nose

The Chest, the Heart

The Stomach, the Liver

The Teeth, the Muscles

I nfant Welfare }

The Expectant Mother

Happy Motherhood

Homoopathy

Neurasthenia

Anatomical Models

Family Medicine Chest

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED

cc Very pleased and delig.hted with same . They are " I h a ve gained in each of the 8 tes.t exam- 1 inl tha I in a ti ons • t he knowledge of which I attribute to written and explained so pay am everyone who studies them must understand, and, agam, the III usyour volumes, I have yet to meet my defeat in AMBULANCE trations are so true that anyone who had no EXAMINATIONS." • I d' th

"I am delighted with ( The Household Physician,' and as knowledge at all about the partlcu ar Ise!1se e full d' '11 t tes would surely recogOise It when I am an ambulance man I can appreciate them to theIr est lagram I us ra extent. They are wo rth twice their cost." seen on anyone."

over a period will produce the al11e effects as a b ig r u s h from a main artery for a brief spe ll t i me.-N.C F

Queries and Ans \Ners to Correspondents .

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on tbe top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID

4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E. C.4.

2 -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot the Jnumal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3. - T he Textbook, to which reIelence may be made in this column is the 38th lI9z8) Edition of S.J.A.A. of First Aid.

STATE OF PUPILS WITH ApOPLEXY.

J. B. (Stroud). -I hm'e heard the follo\ying question asked in class many times, but it has neyer been answered to the satisfaction of the pupils :-

" In Compression and Apoplexy, is the pupil of the eye dilated on the same side as the injury, or on the opposite side? "

Perhaps you will kindly enlig-hten myself and many others on the point.

Immediately after the onset of signs and symptoms of Apoplexy (or Compression) the pupil on the affected side is usually contracted and therefore smaller than the other pupil.

As the pressure inside the skull ri es, the pupil on the affected side dilates until it is widely dilated and fixed. This pupil, therefore, becomes gradually more dilated than the pupil on the normal side.

If the pressure inside the skull rises further and the patient survives, the pupil on the normal side also dilates until finally both pupils are widely dilated and fixed.-N. CORBET FLETCIIER.

T. B. (Stroud).-\Vhen we ha\ e to treat a wound on the Head, Shoulder, Ilip, Hand and Elbow, I am curious to know why for these conditions th<.; Textbook in tr u cts us to fold a narrow hem in the bandage inwards instead of outwards, which would be easier and press mo r e evenly on the part.

This instruction \\-a originally adopted with the idea that the inward fold of the triangu lar banuage wou l d he l p to retain a dressing (especially a linseed mcal poultice) in position or at least to prc\'\. nt it slipping olT the part affected. - 1\. C. F.

THEAr;-'IEt-.T OF \\'Ol NDS.

C. "an H . (RoUerdam). -..: \s a Dutch doctor much int rcsted in first aid and a constant reader of FIRST \ Jl), I note that in your country there is an instruction for Ilrst aiders to iodi ne their fi ngers before touch i ng a \You nd. 1 cannot nnd thi in lruction in \ our Te"\.tbook i and I \'ery much doubt if such instructiol1 is reall) a good one. r shall, therefore, be grateful if you will inform me when and where the instruction has heen publi hed. Perhaps, when I hayc rcccin:d your repl), 1 met) ch<lnge my opinion.

The instruction is to be found in Rule 3 (a) of our Textbook where it has figured for man) years and in cveral editions.

Of course, I agree that, if we doctor to adopt the plan, the iodine would soon cause SC\'ere irritation of our fingers. To the first aider, howe\ 'e r, such npplication would only be occasional, and so the erred would lluickly pa s. Ne\'ertheless, I prefer (and pin my faith to) methylated spirit as a means of preventing contamination of a wound by the dresser's fing-ers.- '.C.F.

CSh OF PETllOL FOI{

G. C. (Surbiton).-At a recent .-\. R. P. examination this guestion was gi\ en to one of the candidates: "How would yon dtColltaminate personnel: The examiner could not refrain from laughing when the candidate in all seriousness replied: "Boil some oj them and burn the rest.' "

Good! Xext, please! !-X.C.F.

COI\TROL OF .-\RTERUL DLEEDli\'G.

D.]. (Bridgend).- There has been considerable diversity of opinion in our Di\ ision as to the treatment of fractures of the leg in the region of the knee joint ·when these are complicated by injury to a blood "essel bleeding.

Is this hCEmorrhage of sufficient sC\'crity to merit the application of a tourniquet to the femoral artery or i.s it the case that such hCEmorrhage controls itself after a certain pressure has been reached in the leg?

Your kind reply will be much appreciated.

It depends which artery is involved. If this be the main (or pop1iteal) artery then the application of a tourniquet to the femoral artery will certainly be indicated. If this be a small branch artery, then continuous loss of arter ial blood

E.G. (Battle).-Your Queries and Answers column ahyays interests me ; and was particularly interested in ) our reply publi hed in the December, 1<)36, is ue of FIRSl AID under the abO\'e heading-. appreciate that the application of petrol is not recommended by the Text-book; and that its use must, therefore, come under the of " Re ourc.: " or possibly" Descrimination." In "iew of the fact that many petrols now contain lead in some form or other, its application to an open wound must be considered dangerous, apart from the fact that it is highly inflammable.

Please note that I do not presume to question your opinion or authority; but I shall be glad to have yo u r views on the above point.

The use of petrol as an emergency app ication for wounds was first suggested in an article w hi ch was co ntributed by Dr. G. Arbour Stevens (an aut h o r ity on the subject) and which was published in the J une, 1929, iss u e of FIRST AID.

The disadvantages of petrol to which yo u refer mig h t operate if there was a daily application of petrol to a wo und which was being kept open. As, however, pet r o l is o nl y suggested as an emergency dressing on the same lin es as Methylated Spirit, I fail to see that a u g h t but good ca n result from such u sage -N. C F.

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THE POCK ET SPARKLET

EXTENSION WITII CO;\DlI 'UTED FRACTURE.

D. K. (Ferryhill) -ln the Jul y, 1936, i sue of FIRST .-\Jl), you answered, under the abo\' titl, a query from A. L. (Cre\yE') in which he complained of a renalty of 10 marks imposed upon him in a competition tor applying extenion to a comminuted fracture of the leg.

This has cau ed a great deal of discu sion at o ur team practices; and we are of the opinion that the penalty was justified.

A.L. state that the Text-book gi\·e no definite instruction on the matter, but I refer him to page 5-1where it says that a comminuteJ fracture" r eq uires spec ial care in handling," and also to page 56 \vhere one of the objects of the First Aid Treatment of Fractures is "to guard against further aggra\·ation."

I think that you will agree that, to be obvious to the first aider, the limb with such an injury would be in a serious condition. Consequently I ugge t that extension by a Jayman would sen·e no useful purpo se and that the best treatment in such circumstances would be, based on actual pra ct icE', to apply as much padding to the limb as possiblE', place a third splint along the back of the limb thus forming a "box splint," and ha\'e the patient cOlweyed to the nearest hospital, always bearing in mind the foregoing instruction" special care in handling."

\Ve would \yelcome your criticism of this idea and thank you for past help gained from your columns in FIRST AlD

You have put up a very pretty argument, and you have imagined a very ob\·ious injury whiclJ would give plain indications to the first aider to proceed with E'xtra carefulness, although it is possible that it might nol ha\'e been so obvious. You ban' also backed your argument '>"ith Textbook references which detail ins t ructions referab le to the treatment of all fractures and not of comminuted fractures alone. NO\\', imagination apart, v:as the injury thus shown (or indicated) in the competition ·whence this query arose?

As it obviously was not, then our correspondent on his statement of facts fully established his plaint, because the Textbook does not forbid first aiders to apply extension to comminuted fractures. At the same time, I confess that I wish that it did! I n other word, my ruling, given in the July issue of FIRST A.ID still holds ! C. F.

ABUSE OF SAL VOLATILE

O.J. (Old Rent Rd. ) -1 hope that you will conside r the enclosed letter, taken from a recent issue of a widely read weekly period ical, of sufficient imp ortance to include in this month's issue of FIRST AID and deserving of comment.

Though you cannot give the matter wider publicity than that enjoyed by t he said periodical, your paper circulates amongst those who are influentially interested and able to get things done. In my eyes the matter is a serious one

« Owing to the atmosphere of a crow d ed 'bus in which I was travelling to-day, a woman in the sea t in front of me became fa int.

« When the dri ver was told, he produced a bottl e of sal volatile from his first-aid box and told the woman to drink some

« I was able to snatch it from her in time and explained that the proper dose of this stim ulant is about fifteen drops in half a wineglass of water, and that if taken raw the consequences cou ld be se rious or fatal. "

If an individual, unaccustomed to the u se of alcohol,

A I D.

were to sip sa l volatile or brandy, the r es ult mi g ht be mo s t uncomfortable, but I d o n o t think that t ley "would be serious or fatal." So tile iss ue not quite as vital a the writ e r of the leller sugg-ests.

The incident, however, s an interesting commentary on the fact t ha t the law compe ls a flrst-aid outfit Lo be carried on e\·err public transport vehicle, hut, strange ly, d oes not insist on the dri\·er or conducto r having training in the u se of the co nt ents - N. C. F.

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STRETCllER D RILL.

E. S. (On('hal1). - ln the Textbook, page 1<,)2, we ha\ 'e order No. 5 « Lower Stretcher Prepare tretche r ." Does this mean one or two commands and does the stretcher r emain on the knees or is it placed on the ground aiLer the transve,-se straps are un buck led, the poles sC'parated and the traverses straightened.

On page 198 , order No, 13, we ha\e an entirely different movement to that conta in ed in order ;\0. S. A clar i fication on the e instructions would be of g r eat value.

Th e fir t query brings to lig-ht a \ariance bet\\een the Textbook and the official Drill and i be t answered by reference to the latter pag-e 83, para 57. The cor r ect order is « Prepare Stretcher." If \\ ·e can \"i..,ualise a stretcher team arriving at a case it will be more ea oJ to understand the Immcdiately on arri\'ing-, o. -Ibearer doubles out with No.2 bearer to asccrtain the nature of injury and the need or otherwi e of a Iwuld a stretcher be called for, o. -I- bearer will g-ivc the order « Prepare Stretcher. "

The preparation of the must then be clTeeted with as little delay as pos ihle, and, in practice, \\"e Ilnd that this may be done by the bearers in atooring po ition holdin g the stretcher on their knee \\·hile manipulcli ing the transverse straps and the tra\·er e bars.

Nos. 1 and 3 bearers IllLlst test the stretcher before joinin g lOS 2 and -+ for attention to the patient.

The' (Lower tretcher" order referred to on page 1 in the First Aid l\1anual refers to the lo\\"ering of a loaded stretcher on arriving at their destination \\"ith tlll:ir paticnt.]. ·WARREN.

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'laT AID

'llDbe Journal for nub 3}lttr'$ing

No. 512.-VoL. XLIII. FEBRUARY, 1937.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d •

I ts aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Arucles and Repor ts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to tre Editor at the add ress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necersarily tor fJubli cation) by the name and address of t he Correspondent.

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The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified 125, 127, 129. Great

for an y new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.

IT.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STRKKT, LONDON, E.C.4·

7 eleg-raphic Address-" Twentv-jour, London. Telephom-City 37IO.

CONTENT.5 OF TH I S N I'\1BEI{

EDITORIAL :-

Too l\lany :\ledal

t. John Ambulance A sociation

St. Andrew' \tnbul ance. \ soc iatio n

Extracts from the l\lanual of In trueti(lI1 for the Royal i'\aval iek B e rth Starr 195

S. J .A.B Headquarters an d Di trict R epo rt 197

The Hospitaller' luh 20 1

Priory f or W ales 202

Coming Events 203

Police Ambul ance News 204-

S.}.A. B. Ove r seas 206

Railway Ambulance New s 207

British R ed Cro s oc iet)' 209

Our Nurses' P ages 210

Apprec iation of Brigade A. R P. Courses 2 1-+

Amb ulance News Cuttings from the Pres

Q UERIE S AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :-

Difficulty with Disb e lie\'e r

Examination Howler

Treatment of Concus s ion

Formation of Angular Splint

Tre a tm e nt of Strangulated Herni a

Treatment of Convulsions

Death from Mental Shock

Animal's Saliva an Antiseptic

Poisoning by Calcium Carbide

EDITORIAL.

TH E article which appeared in

Too MAl'.'Y our Jan uary issue under the MEDALS? heading" Too Many Medals? " has created a good deal of interest, and we have received numerous letters from readers, some condemning the statements made, whilst others are in agreement.

There is, we feel, some truth in the statements of our contributor that in many cases too much inducement is given in the endeavour to obtain new members to joi n the am bulance movement. This is more noticeable in the ranks other than the uniform branch.

Members of Divisions or Detachments have to make their weekly attendances at drill, attend for public duty, and year in and y ear out, keep themselves efficient in every way. These men and women deserve all the encouragement that can be given in the way of cups or other trophies, as competitions are a definite meansto ensure efficiency in practical work.

There are, however, others whose interest in the work ceases directly the examinations are held; who make no attem pt to keep themselves efficien t during the time between the last and the next examination, but who receive certain concessions and inducements from their employers.

These mem bers can not be called active members of the ambulance movement. Agreed, a man is better because he has taken an examination, but take away the inducement and see the effect. Our numbers would certainly drop, but those left would be the true ambulance workers; those who think not of re\vard but the alleviation of pain.

Th e" II amilwn " Cup \\,<1 \\ 'o n by Thurnsco c Di\'isio n at the a nnu al competition. of the Dearne Valley Corps, S.]. A. B held on aturda y, February 6t h Dn rnburgh N o 1 "vere second and \\' ath No.1 third.

triumph lD compactness and scientific design,and tbe wbole range 01 Arubulance Furntture and FlttlDgS. a- WRITE FOR

This illustration shows the clear gangway for loading the lower st retcher when only one case is being carried.

St. John Ambulance Association

BRISTOL. -The fifty-sixth annual report of the Bristol Centre was presented to the members on Jalluary 26th, when Dr. H. G. Kyle, Chairman of the Centre, pre ided.

l\1r. Egbert A. O. \Vebb, the hon. secretary, in presenting the report, said that +5 classes were held during the year-3+ in fir. t aid (19 male and 15 female) .and eleven in home nursing (3 male and 8 female). The classes included those of the Brigade, 1\1. V. T. c., City Police, Factories, Schools, Port of Bristol Docks Authority and Collieries. The number of successful candidates was 656 and a considerable number of new members have been introduced into the ,'arious divisions of the City of Bristol Corps. 1\lr. Webb also referred to the annual stretcher competitions held in July last, for which fifty-four teams entered.

The Bristol Centre, which was founded in 1880, has now issued about 20,000 certificates and the w()rk carried out by its members is aptly described by the Bishop of Bristol as "Exactly the work of the Good Samaritan planted in the City of Bristol."

During each succeeding year the Centre has increased its activities. An ambUJance corps was formed in 1890 and in 1897 the late Mr. C. Beavis presented a cup for annual competition. To-day, sis: cups and 30 medals are offered at the annual competitions.

IpSWICH. -At the annual meeting of the Ipswich Centre, held on January 25th, appeals for increased financial support were made.

The l\Iayor of Ipswich (;.\lr. Victor Smith) presided, supported by the Mayoress, Dr. J. F. C. Hossack (Chairman of the Centre) and others.

The l\layor paid tribute to the unobstrusive work of the Association, behind which was a tradition of voluntary service given without expectation of reward. He distributed 171 awards, including 108 for first aid and i-2 for home nursing.

In the unavoidable absence of Miss Bohun Coulcher, Hon. Secretary, Lady Corps Supt. Miss Hossack presented the secretary's report. This referred to the loss sustained by the death of Dr. S. O. Eades. The three motor ambulances had dealt with 701 cases, the mileage being 9,598. It would soon be necessary to purchase a new ambulance. In the Brigade work it was stated that the call for members and the number of public duties undertaken had been greater than for any previous year. All members of the Ipswich Corps had passed instruction in A. R. P. duLies during the past year.

Dr. Hossack referred to the number of men and women throughout England who were giving their services voluntarily in the ambulance work. Commenting on the work in connection with air raid precautions he said that preparation was the best safeguard against attack.

LINCOLN. -A charity matinee was organised by Lady Monson at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln, on January 13th, in aid of the funds of the Lincoln County Centre, and proved a great success. The money raised is to replenish the sick room stores at the various centrE:S in the County.

The theatre was loaned free of charge by Mr. F. J. Butterworth, and the Ross and Quayle Repertory Company gave their services to present" Yellow Sands."

The matinee was under the patronage of the Earl of Yarborough, the Earl of Ancaster, the Earl and Countess of Liverpool. the Bishop of Lincoln and Mrs. Hicks, and the Dean of Lincoln and Mrs. Mitchell.

WATFORD.-The annual Watford District ambulance competition was held on Saturday, January 9th, arrange-

A I D.

ments being- carried out under Supt. L. D. WhiLe, of the Watford S.].A.B.

Cricklewood were declared the winners of the" Watford Tradesmen's Association" challeng-e Lrorhy with points, followed by L. 1. S. "A" team with 136. In Lhe individual test M r. H. Ireland, of Cricklewood, won Lhe "B. ,\. Thorpe" challenge cup, !\II'. L. Parsons being the runner-up.

The l\Ia),orcss, who Wt3S accompanied by the '\layor ( ouncillor H. Coates), presented the awards, after which the l\layor paid tribute to the excellent services rendered by the Brigade in Watford.

Thanks to the judges, Drs. A. ta\'e ley Gough, J . Buchan.a n, H. Glynn Hall and hor 1\1. Rohertson. were expressed by Supt."White.

St. Andrew 's Alnbul a nc e A sociation .

TIlE necessity for the e tablishment of further ambulance stations in the suburbs of Glasgow was pointed out on January 13th by Colonel D. J. :\Jackintosh, hairman of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, when he opened a new sub-station in Ardnish-street, Drum0yne, Go\'a n.

The A.ssoc iation, said Colonel l'Ilackintosh , opened their headquarters in To rth-street, Glasgow, in 1929, free of debt. The work, hO'Y\>ever, was rapidly increasing, and the Council of the Association felt that if all the demand made on the ambulance services were to be overtaken, they must consider the establishm nt of branch tation in JilTerent parts of the city.

The new su b-station was the first of the branches, and it had been erected to uppl)' the requirement of a larg e area in the south side of the city.

The new building, whid; was erected at a cost of '£3,500, has accommodation for three ambulance \\'aggon At present two wag-gons and four officers will be stationed there durin g the day, and throughout the night there will be one waggon and two onicers.

The "Careston" Cup, the blue riband of Forfar ambulance work, has been won by 1r Doug-las Gray, Forfar Ambulance Section, the runner up being lr.]. Allen, holder of the trophy.

The team test for the Salver was won by R. Robertson (captain), H. Bowman, E. lathieson and W. Lister. Mr. Henry's team was second.

The arbiter was Mr. Andrew \Vebster, of Perth.

At a recent examination held by the Path head and Sinclairtown Section all members were successful.

Dr. Crawford, the examiner, complimented Commandant T. S. Galloway on the splendid work ot his Section, and gave some encQuraging advice to first year students. He also complimented Dr. Wishart who had been the Section lecturer.

Mr. Galloway thanked Dr. Crawford for his serv ices, also Dr. Wishart for the time and work devoted to the Section.

E v ery penn y s pent on ad v erti s ing creates prestige, standing and reputation for the firm that s pends it. It may not be discernabJe in immediate results , but the effect is certain and the po w er cumulative.

Extracts from the Manual 'of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Co71t/Jl1Ied /1'0111 page 168.)

Signs and Symptoms.

There are four cardinal signs of inflammation. Pain, Heat, Redness and Swelling. In more seve re cases there is also a rise of tern perature and quickened pulse, scanty and high urine, loss of appetite, a furred tongue, constIpatIOn and headache.

Treatment.

A. Local.

(1) Remove the cause, if possible.

(2) Keep the part at rest.

(3) If the inflammation is due to infection by bacteria, apply heat such as fomentations and poultices. This increases the blood in the part so that there are more whi te blood corpuscles to attack the bacteria, and it also relieves pain.

(4) Apply cold, such as ice or evaporating lotions, jf the inflammation is caused by lOJury; this diminishes congestion of the part.

(5) Incisions are made if pus has formed.

B. General.

A nourishing diet, and rest in bed, are ordered. 1£ the inflammation is due to germs, purgatives are given to hel p get rid of the toxi ns.

CIIRONI I TF LAMMATIO T.

Here i nflam malory changes in the tissues take place much more slowly than in the acute form, and abscesses are rarely formed, except when the condition is due to tuberculosis.

Causes.

(1) An acute attack may become chronic, owing to the cause not being removed.

(2) Certain conditions causing prolonged irritation of the tissues, sllch as Syphilis, Tuberculosis, Rheumatism, Gout.

Signs and Symptoms

Generally these are the same as in the acute form, but not so marked. There may be no pain

*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H M. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H M. Stationtry Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C 2, or any branch, price 4/ Sd. post free.

or rise of temperature The tissues may slowly break down with the formation of pus, or the swelling may become permanent from the formation of new tissue.

Treatment

(1) Remove or treat the cause.

(2) Apply counter irritants, such as Mustard, Iodine, Cantharides, etc.

(3) Bier's treatment.

(4) Cupping.

2, 3 and 4 are described under "General Nursing . "

Suppuration means the formation of pus, and is due to bacteria.

If the suppuration occurs within a definite circumscribed space ir is called an Abscess, but if it is diffused among the tissues it is called Cellulzlis. An Abscess is therefore a localised collection of pus, usually accompanied by symptoms of acute inflammation, -i e., pain, heat, redness and swelling. The pain is throbbing in character and the swelling is tender on pressure. If two fingers on opposite hands are placed on a swelling containing fluid and one finger is pressed down, the other finger feels a distinct wave-this is called jluctuatz'onand may be detected over an abscess . In time the abscess usually makes its way to the surface of the skin, or mucous membrane, and is then said to " point." The skin becomes thin, and the abscess breaks through.

1£ suppuration occurs deeply in the tissues, or in the cavities of the body, the cardinal signs of pain, heat, redness and swelling may be absent. The symptoms arising from the absorption of toxins, namely, fever, headache, thirst, a dirty tongue, and scanty urine, will be more or less marked

The fever will be of a Septic type.

Another indication of suppuration is Leucocytos£s This is an increase of white blood corpuscles or leucocytes in the blood.

The number of white blood corpuscles in a definite quantity of blood is counted with the microscope. This IS called a "white blood count. "

If the white blood corpuscles are much more numerous than normal, it suggests that suppuration is taking place somewhere in the body

Treatlllent.

(1) App l y fomentations-these increase the blood supply and reliev the pain.

(2) \\Then pus is present, the abscess is at once opened A knife with a curved blade, called a Syme 's knife, is commonly used.

(

S ) Keep the wound open by means of a drainage tube, so that the pus may easily escape.

(4- ) Continue applying fomentaticns every four hours until all the pus has escaped.

A Cold Abscess is a collection of pus caused by the Tubercle Bacillus. The chief sign is swelling. The treatment consi::;ts of either draining off the pus with an aspirator or opening the abscess and scraping away the abscess wa ll with a Volkman's spoon

In Cellulitis there is a dusky, boggy and tender swelling of the skin, with no definite margin. Toxic symptoms are often very severe, and the condition ma y rapidly become fatal.

Treatment.

Free incisions are made, followed by fomentations, or continuous hot antiseptic baths for the affected part.

As the result of imperfect healing of an abscess a sinus or fistula may form.

A Si nus is a narrow track open at one end only, and leading from the site of an abscess to the surface of the skin or mucous mem brane.

A Fistula is a narrow track open at both ends and leading either from one hollow organ to another, or from a hollow organ on to the surface of the skin or mucous mem brane. For examp l e, a track may lead from the bladder to the rectum, or from the rectum on to the skin.

Treatment of these conditions consists in slitting up the track, scraping its interior with a sharp spoon, and packing it firmly with gauze, so that the wound heals from the bottom.

Ulceration - An ulcer is a gradua l loss of tissue on the su rface of the ski n or mucous membrane, caused by inflammation.

Ulcers may be divided into two groups.

(1) Simple ulcers.

(2) Specific ulcers.

1. Simple Ulcen Cau_\es.

(a) Suppuration.

(b) Injur y

(c) Imperfect circulation.

(d) The action of chemicals, heat and X-Rays.

Tr ea lm ent

(3) Clean the ulcer with boric fomentations.

(

3 ) \N"hen clean, dress with a simpl e dressing.

(4) If the ulcer becomes s lu ggish, Bier' s treatment may be app li ed, or it may be stimulated with various lotions.

A Bedsore is a ver y impor tant form of si mpl e ulcer.

\"'hen a patient, especially one suffering fro m paralysis, is kept in bed for a long time, the circlation becomes imperfect in those parts which ar e most s ubjected to pressure, such as the buttock , heels and shoulders. A patch of skin become s red and then dusky in colour; it dies and come away in the form of a black slough, and an ulce r remains.

2 Specific Ulcers.

These are caused by some specific conditioll such as Syphilis, Tuberculosis or Cancer.

Syphilitic ulcers are d alt with und Syphilis.

Tuberculous ulcers generally follow a 1 abscess. On e form, called Lupus, occurs on th nose and cheeks, and is treated by Finsen Liaht ulcers ma y occur on any part f the body. They are treated by operation.

Necros":s is the death of tissue "en masse , not cell by cell, as in ulceration. The dead par is called a Slough

Dead bone is called a Sequestrum Gangrene is the term appl ied to the death 0 the whole, or part of a limb or oro-an.

Causes.

(

1) Severe injur y

(2) Very acute inflammation.

(3) In tense cold or heat.

(4) Interference with the circulation, b ) li ga tur e or tourn iq u et.

(5) Bad circulation in old people. Thj :, usually commences in the toes, and is calle d Sent-Ie Gangrene.

(6) Diabetes. This commences in the feet, and is called D":abetz'c Gangrene.

(To be conHnued.)

St. John Ambulance Brigade

Headquarters and Dzstrz'ct Reports.

Brig ade Headquarters. The final competit ions for the '( Dewar," '( Perrott" and other trophies will take place on Friday, April 9th, ,It the Hotel Great Central, London.

t thc tim the c notes were written three televisions of first-aid work had been given. The first, as r epo rt ed last month, dealt with accidents in the home; the second wit h road accidcnt -, the commentato r being Dr. W. C. Henta ll, A i tant Surgeon-in-Chief; whilst the third dealt with accidents in sport, including sprained ankle, frac:ure ol patella, cla\'icll', hand and humerus, and also arte rial h€Cl110rrhage from the forea r m. Dr. N. Corbet Fletc her, urgeon-in- 'hid, \\-as the commentator on this oeea ion.

\\'c arc indebted to the General Electric Co., Ltd., of way, London, the pioneer of television receiving, for the opportllJ1itic. () f " looking'-in " on the programme. The next te!e\'i ion \\ ill. \\ e under tand, deal with accide nt - in officl' ane! iaetory.

\Ve extend to Col. Charles J. Trimble, C.B., C.M.G., V.I)" T.D L.R. -.(l our incere t and deepest sympathy 011 the 10 _ of hi · wiic. Col. Trimble has himself been very ill and \\'e ",i:h him a speedy recovery to health.

No . I ( Prince of Wales ' s ) District.

\\-e are plea Lel to learn that the Commissioner, ('apt. \\ ' . Goodley, is no\\' about again and feeling t hL benefit of hi cniorced rest. Capt. Goodley L pcrhap 0111..: of the harck·t \\ orker in the cause of fir aid. In addition to bl..:ing Commissioner of a most im portant eli trict of the Brio-ade, he is Ambulance Secreta ry of the Great C ntral and Great Eastern Cent res of the L.l T.E.R., and of the 1. & G.l Joint Railway.

Capt. F. E. Bendix. A t. Commi sioner, Eastern Area, al a recent dinner referred to the Commissioner's illness ancl urged all member to assi t Capt. Goodley by doing til they could to minimi e his work. We know that thi <lP l)cal will not fall on deaf ears.

The final competition of the o . 1 District competi!io ns will take place on aturday, February 27th, at the t\o rthampton Institute, Clerkenwell.

The ambulance divisional team in the finals are as to llows :-

Central Area had not been decided; Ea te rn rea \\ ill 110t be represented.

At the annual social of the Central Area, held on February 5th, at the Shored itch Town Hall, a presentation was made to Dr K. F. Lund, the late Area Asst. Commissione r, as a mark of esteem in which the members hold him.

The presentation took the form of an easy armchair and was made by Supt. Palmer (No . 13 (King's Cross) Division) and Lady Supt. Miss De La vante (No 6 X (Hospita l Saturday Fund) Division). Both spoke in appreciation of the wo rk done by Dr. Lund in the Central Area and wished him many years in which to enjoy his retirem ent.

Dr. Lund thanked the members for their gift which would always remind him of his pleasant association with the Central Area. His wife, who was unable to be present, lVished to associate herself with his thanks.

Some 400 members and friends were present at the function and had an enjoyable time. As usual, a short concert was given, the artists taking part being Miss Hilda Bertram, Miss Peg Penelope, Miss Ward-Cowding, Mr. Jack Richards, Mr. Jack Powe and Mr. George Webber, who arranged the programme so much appreciated by all present.

Capt. H. A. Fenton, who was accompanied by and Miss Fenton, welcomed all present.

Among the guests was the Mayor of Shoreditch, Lady District Supt. Miss Walker, members of the District taff and others.

Area officers pre ent included County Surgeon Capt. R. V. Steele, District Officer T. McBride, Lady District Officer M. M. Masson, and Corps' Supt. A. E. vVells (A.R.P. Officer).

The duties of master of ceremonies for the dancing were carried out by Supt. H. R. vVoodgate, No. 108 (Euston) Division.

At the Ea tern Area preliminary competitions for the " Osborn " and (, l\Iountgarret" events, held on Saturday, January 16th, a surprise result was announced of the latter competition. Although this is for bed making, and the winners usually repres ent the area in the 1\0. 1 District Finals, this year the runners-up will be the official representative because a team from Dagenham Ambulance Division walked off with the first prize.

This is, we believe, the first time that men haye hown the nurses how bed-making should be done and ,ye congratulate Dagenham Diyision upon having a team ,yith enough" pluck" to enter a women's sphere.

(

1) Keep the pa rt at rest, and elevate it (if a limb)

The Table II of War Gases which appeared i n our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form a t the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applic ations should be sent, together with remittance, t o " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

I, l\Iainwaring" Competition: o 87 (Shoreditch), Central Area; o. 88 (West Ham), Eastern Area; o. 20 (Hampstead), Torthern Area; No. 19/2 (Greenwich), Southern Area; o. 77 (Padding ton), W este rn l\r ea

" 0 born" (improvised) competttlOn: o. 108 (E uston); o. 88 (West Ham); No. S6 (Cricklewood); ),;'0. 19/4 (Norman Road); and No 70 (Royal Borough of Kensington).

" innis" (Dri ll ): No. 56 (Cricklewood); 19 / 1 (Old Kent Road); o. 70 (Royal Borough of Kensington). At the time of going to press the team to represent the

" In the" Osborn" competition West Ham was placed first, followed by Woolwich Arsenal and Dagenham.

Councillor and Mrs. Boultwood presented their trophies, two handsome shields, to the winnin o teams. One i to be known as the" George Boultwood" Shield and awarded to the winning team in the" Osborn' competition; and the other "Grace Boultwood" Shield to the winners of the "Brooks" (nurses) Efficiency tests.

The Dagenham Division received the "Curtis" Cup.

FIRST

DAGENHAM.-SUPt. Eric Howard presided at the annual dinner and dance of the Dagenham Division, held 011 Thursday, February 11th and at which over 100 members and friends spent an enjoyable evening.

After the loyal toasts, Cadet Supt. Mulligan proposed c. Our Gue ts " He welcomed 1lrs. L. F. Evans, J.P., Chairman, Dagenham D.D.C., and referred to the cordial relations which existed between the Council and the Division. He extended a hearty welcome to Dist. Officer and Mrs. Haines, al 0 officers and members of neighbouring divisions.

Mrs. Evans, in reply, said that as Chairman of the Council she greatly appreciated the work of the Division which was done without thought of reward. The movement needed no publicity as the work was in itself an advertisement. It ,vas a wonderful ,York and a religion in itself

District Officer Haines submitted the "Dagenham Division," and gave a message from the Commissioner who sent his best wishes. The Division had done extremely well in competition ,, ' ork and it was always a real pleasure to visit them. He congratulated the Divisi on on its most excellent Cadet section, which was a credit to them; and on having a superintendent like Mr. Howard \\' ho worked so hard for the cause.

Supt. Howard in reply thanked District Officer Hain es for the nice things said but without the rank and file the Division could not exist. The congratulations were due to the members for their loyalty to the Division. He thanked the officers and men for the co-operation they gave him. Referring to public duties Supt. Howard stated that only on ten occasions out of the 2)42-1- carried out, had he been let down by members and those were due to illness Already 4 officers and approximately 42 other ranks had volunteered for Coronation duty.

11r. Howard referred to the new" Records Plate" on view which gave particulars of competitions won.

Before dancing commenced 1Irs. Evans presented the Divisional Trophy to Pte. L. A. Heath, the runner-up being Pte T. Gibbs; and the" Cadet" Cup to J. Simpson. Cadet Blower was the runner-up.

Mrs. Howard presented the" R. A. Jones' Cup" and replicas to members of the divisional team (CorpI. Blower (captain), Ptes. Gibbs) Roberts and Bell), and also a replica to CorpI. Deacon who had acted as reserve.

As a memento for winning the "Sleath Gent" Cup two years in succession the Division presented a silver watch to CorpI. Blower and hoped he would be successful again this year.

CorpI. Blower) on behalf of past and present members of the team, asked Mrs. Howard to accept a gift as a small appreciation of the work she had done in training them so successfully.

Mrs. Howard, who was taken very much by surprise could only say "Thank you very much."

During the evening a message of good will was sent to the Commissioner and Supt. Howard announced that Mr. C. A. Single, Mine Host of the Church Elm Hotel, had presented a new trophy for competition among junior Cadets.

SOUTHALL.-N early 150 were present at the dance arranged by the President and two Vice-Presidents of the Southall Division (Mr. e. F. Collins, Councillor Creesey and Mr. G. Standley) which was held on J anuary 13th. A very enjoyable time was spent but it was unfortunate that the President was unable to be present owing to illness.

Several presentations took place during an interval. Dr. A. B. Brook, who had made the journey from Woking, invested Mr. G Standley with his badge, as vice-president. Mr. Standley, in acknowledgment, ex-

A I D.

pressed his interest in the good work th at the Brigade is doing in the town.

Supt. J. E. Taylor presented CorpI. S. Tilley with a fountain pen on behalf of the Ambulance Division in appreciation of his ten years' services as entertainment secretary, and Lady Supt. Miss Lewis handed Co rpl. Tilley an attache case from the Nursing Division as their token of recognition of his work.

Cabaret items formed a pleasing interlude; and spot dance prizes were awarded. A basket of fruit won by Mr . J. Scott, c.c., \'\ ho handed it to the Matron of the Isolation Hospital.

VVU,IBLEDON.-A most succe sful dinner and dance was held by the No 17 (Wimbledon and Merton) Division, in conjunction with No.7 N (Wimbledon) Division, on January 25th. Div. Supt. e. W. Hipkins presided and amongst those present were the l1ayor (Ald. J. Holland Abbott, J.P.), and 1\Iayoress of Wimbledon, 1\Iajor H. A. Crowe, O.B.E. (Deputy Mayor (vice-president o. 17 Division), Lady Roney, J.P., and Lady Twyford, both of whom are vice-presidents of the Nursing Division; Major W. E . Hicks, D.S.O., M.e. (A.R.P. Officer for Wimbledon), Asst. Commis ioner Capt. A. C. \iVhite Knox, M.e., Lady District Supt. Miss \Valker, District Officer L. M. Smith, Lady District Officer l1iss Grindley, and Mrs. 1\IcCaffrey.

The Chairman, proposing the toast of tc The Yisitors," welcomed friends of the divisions and thanked the Iayor for allowing the function to be held at the '.coWll Hall. The cordial relations which existed between the local Town Council and the Brigade was the result of the work which the divisions had performed for many years in the district. Supt. Hipkins a sured the Mayor and 1\Iajor Hicks that the divisions would assist to their utmost the schemes which the Council had drawn up in connection with Air Raid Precautions.

The Mayor, in response, stated he was always glad to attend a Brigade function and expressed thanks for the good work carried out by the members.

Major Crowe proposed the toast of "The Brigade." It was, he said, an honour to be a vice-president of such a fine organisation. From experience, he knew the amount of work which Supt. Hipkins and Lady Supt. 11iss Leane had put into their respective divisions-divisions which were a credit to the Brigade.

Capt. A C. White Knox, in reply, thanked the 11ayor and Major Crowe for their interest in the Brigade, and referred to the large number of cases dealt with each year in the No.1 District. He was pleased to attend the function to witness the social side of the divisions' work. Dancing followed and the function was voted the best of the annual functions organised by the No. 17 Division, which Division extends thanks to the Nurses for their co-operation.

No. II. District.

BouRNEMouTH.-During last year 4,546 cases were treated by members of the Bournemouth Corps. Of this number 2,954 were dealt with in the ambulance huts on the sea-front.

Transport dealt with 1,652 cases-over 200 morc than in the previous year; whilst the membership has increased by 54.

On Wednesday, January 20th, the annual social and dance was held and attended by County Commissioner Major A. Tennyson-Smith Asst. Gounty Commissioner Maj or C. G. H. Morse, County Surgeon Dr. F. C. Bottom l ey, County Offic er Major F. O. Chappell, Lady

FIR S T

County Officer 1'r. F. E. Hayes, and Lady Corps. Supt. i\I r . McCall.

Corps ecretary A. J. Cuff was in charge of arrangements, Diy. Supt. IT. W. Hoare acting as M.e.

\\ ' ITNEY.-Increased activity ,,,as reported at the ann ual meeting of the Witney Division, held on January 28t h.

All increa e 0 f 51 cases over the prcviolls year was a nllounced hy Sergt.... ollis, hon. secrdary, the number carr ied heing' 2-1-3. Onr 100 public du t ies had been perfo rmed at llllIl1<:roU events and 120 attendances made at the Witney Cinema Supt. J. e. Che terman, in his report, welcomed the new Counl\' COl11mis,>ioner, Dr. C. Gardiner-Hill, and Dr. Purcell. of \\!itIlt), who has succeeded Dr. Cumbo as Divisional I I e referred to the departure of Amb. Officer Howard, nm\ superintendent of the Woodtock Division.

Referencc \\ as al 0 made to the serie of gas lectures conducted by IIoward at the beginning of the year, and to the present series.

Dr. Cardiner 1Ii11 presented the" Chesterman " atten(lance bo\\'1 to 'o rp1. II. l;. Busby.

The COIllmi. ioner referred to the fine work being done and hoped 'ollle of the member' would be able to hoa t in the future of a long a record in the movement as , upt. ('he terman. who has 3-1- years to hi credit. The Division deserI'Cd eyery cong-ratulation anc1 ha always iJeen one of thL hrig-ilt spots in the County.

\\'OODSTOCK.-t)r. F. Be\'an (County Surgeon) presideJ at the annua1 meeting of the \Vond ·tock Divi ·ion held on January 19th.

The secretaI') , \\!. \\'lllo11O'hlJy, reported that clllrill'T 1936, 103 journey had blen made by the ambulance with a mi1caQ,e of 2,316; the number of patients ea rn ed heing 107. The '(,! figure were an increa e oyer 1935 by 27 journey., 30 patient, and o\,er 600 miles. In addltlOn to the re111m'a ls. road accidents accounted for a further 20 journeys, 23 patient, and a mi1cage of 379. These figure shQ\\Ccl a light decrease oyer the previous flgllrc. The number of first-aiel ca es reported had been mall; and thrre had heen 46 drills during the year.

The treasurer, Pte. ]. R. Bolton, ubmitled the accounts, \\hich were atisfactory.

upt. Ho\\ard commented on the fact that a man wearIng a black-and-\\ hite tIni form seemed to him to be a sign that he ha made him elf efficient in the science of first aid. He emphasised the necessity of regular attendance at practice and drills, and congratulated the Division that it was so well served by its secretary and treasu rer.

Dr. Bevan congratulated the treasurer on the financ ial state of the Divi ion. He hoped to make arrangements soon whereby the Division ,,'ould have a divisional surgeo n to fill his place.

The question of permanent headquarters was brought up by Supt. Howard. Such an acquisition would increa e the efficiency of the Division.

No. III. District.

ORTIIAMPTON.-To celebrate the jubilee of the Northampto n Corps, which wa formed on May -1-th, 1886, a dinner was held at the Town Hall) Dr. Leslie W. Dryland (Co mmissioner o. 3 (Eastern) District), presiding

Some 183 members and friends ·were present, includl11g the Mayoress of Northampton (Mrs. G. W. Beattie, J.P.), Mr. S. Perkins (Deputy Mayor), representing the

A I D. 199

Mayor, who was unfortunately unable to attend, La?y District Supt. 1\Ir5. \V. H. Ree\'es A.R.R.e., Lady DIStrict Officer 11i5s L. :\la\\ by, M.B.E., County Officer W. II. PerciYal and Percival, Dr. J as. Orr, Dr. \V. H. -:'Iaquire, Diy. Surgeons Erich Shaw, and J. Corps Supt. \\T. E. Edwards. -:'1. RE Lady Corl?

}'Iiss K. Bradford, A.R.R.e., and officers of the dlY1SIons. Others present included past mcmbers, one being )'1r. Gcorge Phillpot, one of the orig-inal memb<::rs of the Corp. Dr. Orr proposed "His vVor hip the -:'layor," to \\ hich Councillor S. Perkins replied. He expressed regret that the Mayor was unahle to be present o"ing to State duties. Mr. Perkins referred to the work of the Order of t. John and ,,:a s pI eased to see -:'Irs. H. Reeves and -:'liss L. l\Iawby, two of the original members of the ursing Division, pre ent.

)'1r. Frank Adnitt (late Asst. Commissioner) proposed the" • Torthampton Corps." He referred to the early days of the Corps and to the fact that during the Great "Var the Corps dealt with 188 convoys and handled 22,773 \\ ounded soldiers. To -day the Corps consisted of fiye clivi ions with a personnnel of about -1-50. -:'lr. Adnitt paid tribute to the enormous amount done by Corps Supt. \V. E. Edward.

Replying to the toast, Corps Supt. Edwards said that the Xorthamptol1 Corps was one of the oldest in the country He welcomed seyeral members, who althouo-h not now actiYe, still took an interest in the work. He referred to many present who were pioneers of ambulance work in N" orthampton and al 0 mentioned the late -:'Ir. T. H. \\!oolston and the late -:'Ir. \V. Harvey Reeves. Corps Supt. Ed\\ ards mentioned the names of present members who had many years' service: Sergt.-llajor Hines (joined in 1889), Pte. R. A. Taylor (1896), Amb. Officer J. Butler (1897); he himself would soon complete 44 years' service, haying joined in 1893.

During 1935 the im'alid transport carried 2,675 patient, coyering- 15,896 miles, and he wished to thank the members for their seryices in this direction.

Other toasts included "The Chairman" and "The Profession." In replying to the latter, Dr. Eric Shaw tre ed the need of new young men.

VVELLIXGBOROUGII.-Sergt.

\V. J. L. Gotch. in addition to holding the Service l\Iedal of the Order, is also the proud posse or of the long service and good conduct medal of the R.KS.B.R., in which he holds the rank of Leading ick Berth Attendant, and the long sen-ice medal of the Special Constabulary. Sergt. Gotch has en'ed in the \Vellingboroug-h Headquarters Diyi ion for 19 years and is now transport officer for the town He ha acted as class secretary and social ecretary for the Division; and in addition been instructor and examiner for local companies of juyenile organisations.

No. IV. District CHESHIRE.

The officers of Cheshire held their annual dinner at Altrincham, on Saturday, January 16th) Capt. P. Reay, Asst. Commis ioner, presided, supported by County Officers \V. A. ]. Cotter, \V. Dale, and Mrs. Darlington, President of the Northwich Division.

The fayor of Altrincham (1\Ir. \V. \V aterhouse), who was accompanied by the Mayore s, welcomed the officers and spoke of the magnificent work the Brigade was doing in Cheshire.

The toast of "The Order" was giYen by 1\1r. Nixon and replied to by Mr. Cotter, whilst the " County Staff"

\\as submitted hy Sl1Pt. Clarke and responded to by Connty Officer Dale.

[<,01l0will the dinncr dancillg: and musical itcms werc en joyed unti(midnight. <

- During the C\ ening: a telegram ",a.s recclved .from the Connty Commi _ioner. Col. \\. ha1l1l10r, who 1S recuperating after an illness. at Coh,yn Bay.

Thanks werc to Amb. Officer A. \\'eedall for the excellcnt a rl'angemcnts made for the function.

No. V. District.

Great satisfaction has been expressed In the Donca ter area of the recognitlOn made by His l\Iajesty the Kino' in his ew Year Honours List of one of t}1e most first aiders in the di,trict. \Ve retel' to Dr. Bernard Hart, ,,,ho received the Order of the British Empire.

Dr. Hart is honorary radiologist at the Doncaster Royal Infirmary and \"as a pioneer in X-ra} research. He suffered so severely from X-ray burns that he has not been able to undertake any active work in this direction for ome years.

Dr. Hart i the popul<:r Corps Surgeon of the ham Corps and will ha,-e completed 13 years' servIce in this capacity in August next. He was recently appointed A.R.P. Staff Officer for the. Area of No. 5 Di triet. Dr. Hart rece1Yed h1s first-aId certificate 36 years ago and in 1G3-l- 'yas awarded the insignia of Sen-ing Brother of the Order of St. John.

The Bullcroft Corps held its annual dinner on January 30th, when }1ajor H. J. Humphreys Divi ional Inspector of l\1ines) appealed to young people to join the movement when they started ,york at the collieries.

Corps Supt. J. Criddle presided over the function supported by many officers and friends.

District Officer W. Still proposed the toast of the "Bullcroft Main Corps," to which the Chairman replied. Corps Supt. Criddle referred to the work of the C?rps during the past year. Nearly 2,000 cases had recelVed attention. and the work of A.R.P. had been taken up. The members had maintained a high all-round standard but he would like to see more members.

Corps Surgeon F. O'Gorman proposed " Our Visitors" to which 'l\1ajor Humphreys replied. He spoke of the good work that the Corps was doing and the high standard of efficiency it was maintaining. It was, ho\,-ever a matter of concern that more young people were not 'taking up ambulance work. The new activities of the Corps regarding air-raid precautions was very commendable.

Mr. J. H. Allcock, who through ill health .had had to retire from his position as agent at the Coillery, and to whom both Corps Supt. Criddle and District Officer Still paid tribute to his work, the a\yards which, in addition to certificates, medalllOns, etc., mc1uded the " Edenfield" Cup (individual competition for Nursing Sisters) to A./S. L. Shaw; the" J. W. Allcock" Shield (individual, men) to Pte. B. Barton) and the runner-up medal to Pte. W. Cole.

Corps Supt. Criddle presented to Mr. D. J. e. Macaskill (manager, Bullcroft Main Colliery) with a rescue medal for five years' service. Other presentations included a case of cutlery to Sergt. S. Ayrton for 15 years' mines rescue work, and two certificates to Div. Supt. J. Bullard-one for A.R.P. instructor in the Brigade and one on his appointment as a first-class instructor in AR.P. from the Home Office.

A I D . No. VI. District.

D \RLINGTO .-The first annual dinner of t11e Darlington Friendlv Societies Di\ ision \\ as helel on February 11th ",hen Di\-. -SllPt. T. Pobins. :1\1.:1\1., llpported by F. P. \Vilson, J.P., County and <;=ouncillor J. H. Taylor, 1< .R.C.V.S., :1\1. C. , DlVlslOnal PreSIdent.

After the loval toast Lady Diy. SupL A. G. Gardner. Darlincrtoll N Di\ i5io11, proposed that of the .. Friendl.., Societies Di\.ision " to \\ hich. Councillor Taylor replied. I Ie spoke oi the work earned out 1w the Division and saHl ho\\ proud he "a to be as 0dated "ith so willing a bod} of men. the enning the COUllty C0l11111iss!0.ner presented LOllllcillor lor, on behalf of the DI\'ISI011, wlth his President's J1aci!.':e.

:\Iusic and singing bruught the en:nll1g to a successful do e.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's)

Oist.-ict.

BRIGlITOX.-The second annual dinner of. the Brio-hton To\\'n Division was held last month, upt. e. Leslie Huerhcs presiding'. The histon- of the Di"ision from its formatlOll III 191. and that their worJ· llot yet fini hed. .I-Ie thanked the mcmhcr for their support; the !l1cclical officers, Dr. Drynan and Dr. 11ackil1l1oJl: for. thel r able sen-ice. and Councillor ::\ichol1s 1M h1 pracl1cal help during the past year.

Dr. Mackinnon replied and stated that only une failed in the recent class examination. He pre. ented the C Leslie Hughes" Cup to the winning team of the inter-section competition, led 11}' Corp!. L. anclerson.

ClIICHESTER.-'fwo ncw a:nbulances. acquired b\ the Chichester Dn I..:ion. were dedicated by Bi hop H. K. South\\ ell, on Sunday.) 30th. e included the :\layor of ChIchester (CounCIllor 111 Napier), the :;\Iayoress. the Deputy 1Iayor _ (CoLlncIllor e. D. Herniman), the Town Clerk orr. Ienc Dank ). members of the Chiche ter Division under Amb Offieer Percy, and the V.A.D. under s. Pero\n1l:. Also present were of thy "\ <;t. Commissioner D. Bryce. DIstrIct Ofhcer \V. J. B. Trotter. District Officer \V. T.• Tuble. the 11atron and 1 Turses from the Royal \Vest St;ssex Ho<;pital.

Bishop S(mth,,-ell spoke briefly on the of the Order and dedicated the vehicles, one of which \\ as a gift of ::\1r. \\Tal ter Shippam, a Chichester philanthropist.

No. IX. District.

The Devon County Ambulance Competitions were held at Torquay on Saturday, January 30th, when Exeter Police were successful in gaining first place, thus becoming the holders of the "Marcus Hare" Challenge Cup for the ensuing year. Torquay came second and were therefore the winners of the "Dr. IIoreman " Challenge Cup, competed for the first time a,nd a rded to the runners-up in the test, Paignton bemg thnd. The first two teams will meet teams from Cornwall and Dorset on Saturday, March 20th, to dec.ide which team will represent No. 9 District at the Bngade finals.

The judges were Dr. V erniq uet, of Kingsbridge (team), Corps Supt. R. Godfrey, of Exeter, Co.l. Rowland Ward (individual), and Col. e. L EllIS (U111forms). County Officer G. W. Hingston was competition

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s('cretary, local arrangements being carried out by Corp1. A.. r. \Vcastern (TorCJuay Divisional Secretary).

Prizes were distributed by Mrs W. Rowland Ward.

ST. IVEs.-The annual dinner was held last month, ;\lr. Joshua Daniel, J.P., presiding. The guest of the {veiling \Va Mr. W. G. Pape, O.B.E. (Staff the Chief Commissioner) who presented a pres1dent s to the Chairman, and vice-president badges to Ir. \V. R. lIollow) c.e., and Mr. E. II. Best, J.P.

Before dinner was served the company stood 111 s knee as a token of respect to the memory of the late :'Ill'. VI/. Herbert Lanyon, president of the Division for 16 nil'S; Dr. J. M. ),Ticholls. one of the founder memhers of the Brigade in Cornwall; and the late Capt \V. Guppy.

Capt. vV. F. Nicholls proposed the toast" of Order of t. J oh11 and the County of Cornwall, to whlch Col. \V. Blackwood (County Commissioner) responde? lIe paid trihute to the St. Ives Division which he sald had excelled it elf in more ways than one. The men m:re doing splendid work and for a town of its s ize they had the. tronge t di\ isioll in the County Rcferrmg to count v Col. Blackwood mentIOned that there \\ 23 dl\ i 10115 with a strength of 477. First aid had been rendered in 16.508 case. and there had been 2.736 removals by ambulance with a mileage of 45,676. I'oad dccidl'llts totalled 306, ",ith a mileage of 4,017. 1 hll-e \\'L're in addition nine nursing di,-isions with a pns()l1nel ()f 138. The memher. had attended 1.106 cases, 1-1 rUl1()\,als. and 18 road accidents. There were al 0 41 Ilursin,! cadets and 99 amhulance cadets, making a total trel1!(th in the County of 755.

::\[r. r. J. Chelle\\', proposed the toast of ,< Our Cue L," and referred to the honour of ha \'ing an officer fro111 hcadquarter present.

Pape, replying. said that he had he en asked to CO 11\ (\ to the lYes Di\ i -i( n the personal congratulations ·of the CI11<.:f Commi -iu11er (Sir John Duncan). St. lYe wa one of the olclest cii, i Ions in Cornwall, having 1>ec11 formed in October, 1902. and the Chief COl11ll1isi(Jl1cr had asked him to convey tu tIle members his high appreciation of the valuable work which they ,nrc rendering.

John Daniel paid tribute to the work of the Di\ i. ion. Be always admired the rank and file of the Dl\'ision and in SuPt. Care they had an excellent leader, an efficient and conscientious worker. and Ol1e who ",as evcr ready to be of sen-ice.

Supt. Care, in reply. said the men did what was required of them; they did not want accidents or removals but when they did occur the residents of St. Ives could rely on the ambulance being at thei r service.

Mr. Gerald Cook welcomed with great pleasure members of neighbouring diyisions, to which Supt. Smith (Penzance) and Supt. Lanyon (Redruth) replied.

The first open annual competition for the " Huskinson " Challenge Shield, under the auspices of the Gedling Colliery am bulance class, will take place on l\la r ch 6th. The competition will be ba ed on general first aid work.

At the annual competitions of the Ashing-ton Coa l Company's Corps, held on aturday, February 6th, vVood_ horn "A" (Amb. Officer Ferguson, captain) 'won the Challenge Shield, followed by Carl. Drs Bonar an d Bainbridge and Corps Officer Nixon Grey the j udges.

The Hospitallers' Club.

TIlE annual general meeting was held on January 15th, :\1r. A. J. Bowman, the President, presiding.

The Secretary, :\11'. A. E. \Vells, presented his annual report, which showed that the was now 112. The Club had lost 2 members by death Better atlendances had been made during the session; and some excellent speakers had addressed the members. The annual dinner and the social had been E'xcellently carried out. Greal progress had been made by the Club and Mr. \Vells concluded his report by thanking the mem bel'S for thei r assistance.

The Treasurer, F. E. Stallard, reported on the Club's fina'lcial standing. A good discussion ensued, after which thE' figures were unanimously carried.

Messrs . Kemp and Rushmore, the auditors, congratulated the Club on having such an excellent treasurer \vho kept the books so clearly.

The election of officers followed and resulted as follows: President, Mr. ,\Ibert E. \Vells; Vice-President, J. E tandingford; Trea urE'r, :\lr. F. E. tallard; Auditors, :\ I essrs. Rushmere and Hodges; Committee, :\fessrs. Lang-ley J ones, Green and Bettison. :\11'. Bettison undertook to a si t with secretarial duties.

:'III'. Bowman, in im'esting- \ \ Tell s with his badg-e of office, said that he was sorry his year of office was oyer but that \ Tr \Vells was a worthy successor. He congratulated :'.lr. Well on his appointment.

:\lr. \Vells, returning- thanks, said it was a g-reat honour and also a great pleasure to work for the Hospitallers' Club. The social side of the Club did much to a ist in their work and he looked forward to meetinqmernher- on the occasion of the annual dinner and other functions.

The roll call was taken, the Pra\'e r of Remembrance heing read by the President.

A vote of thanks was extended to Bowman, also to other officers and members of the Committee, for the trouble undertaken on the Club' behalf.

THE LADY HOSPITALLERS' CLUB.

On Saturday, February 6th, about 8ixty memhHS and friends made a tour of St. J obn's Gate and St. John's Church. 1\1r. Fincham, the librarian of the Order, conducted the tour.

T he Church was visited first, and after giving- a short account of the history of the Order in connection ,,-ith the Churchand "Gate", [\lr. Fincham took the members round the Church and Crypt. The party then \yent to the "Gate" to visit the l useum, Library and Court Hou8e l\lr. Fincham announced that the Order was pleased to invite the members to tea . T his concluded a \'ery interesting afternoon. and a fter a vote of thanks had been extended to l\Ir. Fincham a n d tbe Ord er the pa r ty dispersed.

SOC I ALE V E N T S.-

The attention of the general public to your needs can be attracti v el y arranged by purchasing copies of the Post e r advertised in this Journal for your Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

P rzory for

HEADQUARTER TOTES.

The Priory has sustained an irreparable 10 s by the death on February 1st of Ir. Hugh l\lun'ay Ingledew, a Knight of J u tice ot the Order and Honorary Solicitor of the Priory for \Vales. 0 Honorary Officer has contributed more to the de\'elopm nt and progres of the first Establishment of he Order of t. John than this prominent Cardiff Solicitor, \"hose name will be indentified for all time with that of the late ir Herbert Lewis, K B. E (first Principal Secretary) as co-founder of the Priory for \Vales, He was well equipped-by direct contact with the work of the Association and Brigade in addition to his professional knowledge and capacity as a practising- solicitor-for membership of the Sub-Committee ",bich was appointed to confer wi[h the .\uthorities in London upon the Scheme drawn up for the formation of the Priory. Such delicate drafting, as is always needed in up a new constitution, particularly ",' here it invo!\'es the relationship between a parent body and its offspring, made the sen'ices of a first-rate solicitor indispensable; and it is not too much to say that a large measure of the functioning of the Priory's constitutional machinery must be placed to the credit of 1\1r. Ingledew.

On the establishment of the Priory, Ingledew accepted the office of Commissioner of the City of Cardiff Centre, ""hich he held until 1922 haying placed the Brigade work on a sound footing in this area and presented a Cup for annual competition '\\ ithin the Centre.

After a movement to acquire ambulance halls on the part of local Di\' isions was initiated, l\Ir. Ingledew as Honorary Solicitor was indefatigable in drawing up legal documents and giying advice both to Priory Headquarters and local Committees.

On the death of the late Sir Herbert Lewis, the universal esteem in which i\lr. Ingledew was held in the Priory and by the Brigade recei,'e d expression through his appointment by the Sub-Prior as Acting Principal Secretary to tide over the difficult interregnum until the appointment of a permanent successor. This involved hours of his time over a period of six weeks when be laid aside his important business concerns to deal with Priory work in an entirely honorary capacity.

1\1r. Ingledew's services were recognised in June, 1918, by his appointment as a of Grace; and his promotion to the grade of Knight of Justice in 1931 marked Headquarter recognition of outstanding services.

A grant from the Special Areas Fund towards Amb'llance Halls had recently created a considerable call upon his services; and ,"vhen it was pointed out that this grant would involve extensive negotiations in respect of each of the halls to be erected or acquired with grant aid, he expressed a desire to continue such services in an honorary capacity.

All members of the Chapter and Committees of the Priory feel the loss of a colleague and leader, whose integrity of purpose and charm of manner had endeared him to all with whom he came into contact.

There was a large and representative attendance at the funeral service held in St. John's Church, Cardiff, on Thul'sday, February 4tb, when his deyotion to the work of the Order of St. John ",as strikingly evident. The of the Priory (H. R. H. the Duke of Kent) and the Order of St. John were represented by Sir John W. Beynon, BarL, C. B.E., Knight of Justice, who was conducted to a specially appointed seat by the Vicar, Cannon J A. Lewis, and the Hon.

John H. Bruce (Princiral S('cretar), and COl1ll11is ioner fo r \Vales). The ub-Prior (the Earl of Plymouth), wa rcpre ented by i\lr. E. ]. L. Brooke, the l. John ,\mhulancl Brigade by i\lr. A. G. E. J. Fudge, the ity of Cardi n' Centr e of the Priory by Alderman G. F. E\ 'a ns, J. P , the Glamorga n County Centre by i\lr. Theodore Gibbins, J.P., and !dr. 1) i\l. E,'an -Bevan, J.P., the entre by ;\lr R. \\Tilson Bartlett, J. P., F.S.A .-\., the Borough of 1'\e\\'pol Centre bv Dr. S. i\lcCorlllnc and the Rhondda C 'ntre b, Captain T. E. Richards, J P. Other rerresentati\e of Priory for Wale included Profes or George Knox, l\1. 1.;\1. E., F.G.S., 1\1r. C. T. Hurry Riches, Dr. \\'. Edmund Thoma lr. T. E. mith, ir \\'illiam Jenkins, ;\l.P., J,P., I, Robert J. Webber, J. P., Captain Lionel Lind ay, M V. O. O.B.E., Sir William H eager, D.L., J.P., .\ldcrl1lan \\ H. Pethybridge, J.P., \\'. J. anton, :\11'. E, ans, l\lr. J. Ownin ans, C. B. E., :\\ r. B. Turner, i\lrs. Bevan LJe\\'ell) n, :'Ill'. H G. ;\ladlc) represl'nting Cartain J. Care}, O. B. E.

The following OfTicers of the Brigade acted as Pa l Bearers :- Captain T. E. Richards, J. P., Dr. .:'IT ( 'ormat Dr. Edgar Llev\ 'e llyn, Captain 1< P. Rohalhan,:'I1. ., \1 J. H. Davies and i\Ir. B. E. i\Iaberl\·.

Among the floral trihute was' a benutitul token from the Order of St. John in the form of the eight-pl)intl.'d cross, a similar noral design from the Priory for Waks, and rhaplet from the oOlcers and members of the Cit, of arditT Centre.

Increasing demands continue to be made upon the coordinated sff\'ice of all1hulance cars op rated b} the PriM) , which conveyed 16,236 ca es, il1\'o!\'ing a lOtal mileage of 279,535 during 1936-2,.198 more than the removals carried out in 1935. ince the eUing- up of the 'en' ice in 191>' a total of 103,781 cases hav e been carril'd.

It is encouraging to learn thal despit the ad\·er..,l· conditions prevailing in many of the indu trial area, th strength of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in \Vale s, recorded at December, 1935, as 12,480, i. likely to be a t least maintained in the report for 1936. \Vhile the carel for employment takes its toll of diyi ' ional membl'fshir, ne\\ units are springing up; and last year the tration of thirty-four Divisions will add to the total strength.

The Brigade in Wales will be gratified to learn that the Priory has been invited to send a contingent of one hundre d officers and men (in proportion of one Officer not above th rank of Divisional Superintendent to every twenty-tl,'e rank and file) for duty on the occasion of His Majesty's Coronation on May 12th. A Sub-Committee of Commissioners and Ass istant Commissioners met at Priory I-louse to consider methods of se lection; and while each of the n i neteen Centre s of the Priory will be given representation the allocation \vill be made on the basis of 1 per 70 senior mem bers within each area.

The Commissioner for v:.'ales has appointed A. R. P. Officers on the recommendation of the Commissioner of the

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va rious districts; and the training of Brigade personne l s proceeding A satisfactory number of Omcers a r e qualifying as Lnstructor and are now 129 Grade 1 an d 138 Grade 2 on the Priory Register.

The recent approval of the award of the following Sen'ice l\ledals and Bars by the Grand Prior on the recommenda tion of Chapter-Gcneral, bring the total issue of meda ls to members of the Brigade in \-Vales on completion of fifteen year' en'ice to 580.

S ER "ICE 1\1 ED,\ LS.

Cardiff Centre. County Offic r D. J. Francis. Glamorgan County Centre. Corps 'upt. (deceased)

G. H. B. James, Abera\on Corps; Corporal George Phippe n, Ogmore Vale Di\ ision.

Rhondda Centre. Lady Di\,. Supt. Jane Payne, Ll\\')npia :\'ursing Division; Sen;ear.t .\Ibert E. Po I""el I , Fernhi ll Di\ ision.

Boroug-h of ;\lerth} r T) dill Centre.- ergeant Frederick Edwards, Trel1arris Oi\ i5ion; Pri\ ate Evan E\'ans, \bercanaid Divi ion. \Jonmouthshir> Centre. Privates Austin Coggins a nd William Edwards, Oakdale (Blackwood) Division.

FIRST B \I{S (2U YEAR ).

Clamorgall Count} Centre. County Oillcer ;'dorgan Weeks Lad, Count \ OITicer Fanny )1. Riches, Corp :'Ilajur Thom'n<; If. BL'nndt, Bridg-cnd and District Corps; James Perkins and \\'illiam Parker, OgmorL' V'lIe Di"ision .

Cardifr Centre. Count\' Ollker Da\ id J. Francis.

Borough of \lerth) r T)dlil 'o rps ergeant \I,ljl)r \\ortr} n C;rit1iths, TcllY \'alley Corps.

:'IIonll1.Juthshire CenlrL. Ambulance iter Flo ie "'illiams, Pont) pOl)1 1'\ur..,ing Di,·i.,ioll.

H 11'\ I) R\HS (25 YE \RS).

Borough of 'Ilerth} I' T) dill CClltre. County urgeon Richard Ryce, 'orps Treasurer Thoma Da\' ies, Taff Yalley Corps; Di\ i."ionill upt. Enoch Jones, ,\bercanaid Di\ision; .\l11buhlllce Ot1iccr Jl)hn Lewis, '\[prth:-r Borough Di\ ision; .\mbulancc Olllcer Frederick \\'. Ilansrombe, Troed\rhiw Di\ ision.

C-lal1lofj;an Count) Ll1trc. County OOlcer Richard Ilewer

Cardin- Centn'. Cl)Unt\ Onicer David J. Francis. Borough ()f :\e\\'port 'Cenlre. Corps 'ergeant i\1ajor Phillip T. ;\larshall, :\'c\\'port (;\Ion.) Corp.

THIRD B \RS (30 Rhondda Centre. County OOlcer Thoma J. Evan.

ROAD TR ,\NSPOH r

The third meeting of the Cardiff and District Road J ransport Anlbulance Competition Committee ",as held at P riory House on Janunry 29th, v:hen 1\lr. N. J. Young, (tenera l lanager, County Borough of I'\e\\'port Electricity a nd Tramways Department, presided. t\ report \n1.S presente d on the 1936 cOl11pt·tition which was held at the County Ha ll, Newport, on June 3rd, and the Pr i ncipal Secretary (the Hon. John H. Bruce) expressed appreciation on behalf of the Priory of the excellent org'lnisalion of this contest, t hanking the Chairman, Young-, and 'ec retary, Mr. H. Gou ld, for their valued services.

A Newp.)rt team repeated its sucCess ot the previous )ear and secured the" i\lrs. Cornelius GriOltbs" cup for a Lime; and the Committee unanimously decided to Invlle the present Ofllcer to continue in ollice for a further twe lve months. The next compelition w ill be held on

Wednesday, June 16th; and the Secretary will be comm u n icating with a l l undertakings operating within twentyfive mi l es of Card iff.

Coming Events.

T he Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 forth· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

FEBRUARY.

26. -Po l ice lational First Aid Competition Fillal, Central Hal l , \Vestminster.

27 1 (Prince of Wales's) District Final Competitions, [ orthampton Institute, ClerkenwelL

27. Leeds District, LT. E. R. Annual Competitions.

27. -Finchley and Southgate Nursing Divi ion Dance, Church Hall, Friern Barnet.

MARCH.

3.-Hull District, L.N.E.R. Annual Competitions.

6.-First Round Yorkshire Collieries "Wood" Shield Competition.

6.-Gedling Colliery :\mbulance Class Competition.

6. ,-\nnual Dinner outh Gas Corps, S.J.A. B.

6 & 7.-S.J.A. B. All England ,\. R.P. Course of Instruction, Great Central Hotel, London.

13.- Wimbledon Annual Ambulance Festival.

17. - G.E. Centre, L.N.E.R. Final Competition, Stratford.

i. - G. ;\. Centre, L. E. R. Final Competition, Li\ erpool Street.

20.-N. E. Area, L.:\'. E. R. "\-Vharton" Shield Competition, Cateshead.

20.-No. 2 District, S.J.A.B Competitions, Cheltenham. 23.-Finchley Division, S.l.A.B., Annual Dinner, King Edward's Hall, Finchler.

APRIL.

3. -Semi.final Round, Yorkshire Collieries "\'iTood" Shield Competition.

3.-No. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District, S.J.A.B., Final Competitions.

6.-Southern Railway Final Competition, Cannon Street.

7.-L. '.E.R. Group Competition.

9.-St. John ,\mbulance Brigade, "Dewar" and "Perrott" Shield Finals, Great Centra Hotel, London 22.-Inter-Railway Shield Competition, \'i'harncliffe Rooms, l\larylebone, London.

An averag-e of five accidents per day were dealt with bY members of the Parke ton L. 01. E R. Ambulance Division during last year.

A lecture on II First Aid in Road i\ccidents," arranged by No 26 Stirling V.A.D., was de livered by i\1r. Henry Wade, president of the Ro) al College of Surgeons, on February 6th, at Larbert.

Does your colleague read t::IR5T AID , if not , send us his address and we will post him a copy.

Police Ambulance News.

PuLICE X.\TIO:\.-\L FIRST .-\10

The eliminating rounds have now been held in the di tricts, and in mo t instances last year's finalists failed to gain a place thi year. As stated last month, the holders of the "Pim" trophy, \IF" Divi ion, .\Ietropolitan Police, failed in their preliminary eliminating round, and the holder of the "Pohce Re7.'l·e7.0" Cup, Birmingham City No.2 team, ,,,ere also on the 10 ing side. There therefore, every re? on to expect a r:ew nanlE' to be engra\'ed on the trophy thIs year.

The district results were as follow :-

:\0. 1 District. Li\ erpool City "No.1 team. (Report of the competilion 'were gi\'en last month.)

o. 2 District. Tweh e teams competed on January 26th at York, before Dr. J. K. A. Beyerley (team) and Dr. F. S, Hardy (individual) ; I\lr. Harry H. Herman, O. B. E., Chief Constable of York, being the competition secretary. Scarborough, last year's finalists, were beaten into socond place by York, who scored 206 points against 195. No. 3 in the indi\' idual tests were set the following :-

X ame and describe the course of the arteries of the upper limb

The ribs fall, the arch of the diaphragm riscs L e ening th capacity of the chest

And forcing out the air

In the capil laries of the lungs the air g'ivcs 01'1' OX) gcn of the blood

And recei\ es from it carbonic acid gas, heat and water

Purifying and changing the colour of the blood to bright red

20

No. -+ District. The en . ation of this District competition was the defeat of Birmingham o. 2 team, holders oj the "Polt'ce R£,7.'/e7.0" Cup. The) \\ere beaten by Uirl11ingCity o. 1 team, who cored points Woh'erhampton team \\'£1 third with 2U1. Thirteen teams competed this year a again t sixteen on the la.l occasiL)n. The judges were Dr. F. II. Edward, of hre\\ sbury, and Dr. E. D. Tullis, of Hereford. Ja. Campbdl, Chid onstable of Dudley, was the competition secretary.

The test set :\ o. 5 was as follows:

CARD.-Thi man bas been shot by a riHe hullet \\ hich ha passed throuoh hi right houlder joint. There is no serious bleeding. Treat him. Timc allo\\'ed, () minute

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fourth. 1\11'. ,\ S. I3cesley, Chief Conslable of Folkl'slone, acted as competition sel retary.

1\'0. 7 District. Tlrree tcams compcled at Taunton on Januar) 26th hefor? Or. 1\ G,orhal1l, of Bristol. 1\1r. F. R. Ilulchings, ,\SSlstant Chref Constable of Devon, was the competition y. .Last) result this year, Plymouth CIty ?erng the wInners WIth ;llarks, follo\ved by b.cter Clt)' \\'Ith 199, and Balh CIty with 18+.

o. 8 District. The result of this District 'om petition was a win, ft)r the second year in su"cession, for Breconshire, \\ ho sClln:d 372j mark.., out of a total of -+00. In the indi"iJual tcst::-. tlli.., lVHm dropped only 7 marks out of 200; :\l). 1 and, TO. + gaining full marks, whilst :\0. 5 lost hut n n e The tealll also gained highest numbl.r at marks in the team test. GI,ullort;allshire l\l). 2 wcre second and ,\lonlllouthshire thirJ.

Ten teams competed, the judges being Dr. H. Sheldon, ot Southpl)rt, and Dr, John \\ elsh, of Chester. '\1r. Frank Da\ies, Chief Constable of Shn;w:"bury, \\'a the chief :"te\yard.

9 District. The final eliminating competItIOn wa held on January \\ hen t\\'dve teams, from the prelim inariL'i, pres\.. n lL'd lhem se IVL'S '(\ pt. F. E. Bend ix (team) and Dr. ,\1. .\1. <"COll (individual). The tests set were of a high and nature. alld tc-. t eJ to lhe full the kno\\'leug..: of the 'I hroughout the day oflicers of till' Cit\ allJ \letfl)j1Lllitan \\ itnl'sseLi the work done and 11 uf..:'h Turnbull (Cl)rnmi::-. iOIll:r), Capt. D{l\ iS l)n ( \sst. Chill Supt. Booth, Chid inspector Gre n and Dr. Gibhons, of llle City Police; Colonel Drummond (Deputy Cl11lllllissioner), ,\11. G \bbiss Commissioner), Fergusl1n (Deputy _\ st. CommIssioner ), and man\ superintendL nts ot the 1\letropolitan For cl'. The gath0ring was also pleased to welcome Sir Perci v.Ll \\'ilkin:-.on ( eU'elary (rellcntl of the Ordl'r of John ), :'Ill'. D. G. .\lL)nteith (Colllpetition Secr-etary, .J. r\ \.), \Jr. (1. T. FL). "On (Commandant), anu .\lajor Chalk ( Chid StaIr Ollicer) of thl: ot London Special Const ,tbular)

At the cL)rnpletion of the test Sir Hugh Turnbull announced thl! rl!sults ;lnJ l'ongT:ttulated the willncrs. "G" Di\ ision (:\letropl)lit u n) were first with points, followed h) "\1" Ui\i iOll, _60 ; Cit) PL)licL: II 13"

Papidly to scene of accident 1

Immediately to patient warning him not to move 2

Steady patient and prl..'vt!nt further mo\'ement 2

l\t request of C.1.D.O. leader will detail one member to assist

And instrucl him to :-

Bring equipment and stretcher from Station 2 otif} hospital 2

,\rrange ambulance if possible 2

1nSlruct mem ber to exam ine re\"ol \ er and bag-possible sources of dangel 3

Where do you feel the pain 1

Ho\\' do you feel 1

1\ ote-earl \' torn and blood-stained trou ers 1

Detail mer{lber tJ steady and support left lower limb fr0111 no\\' onwards 3

Colour of face (pale) 1

1. \\ ith great care, place patient in recumbent position J

Turn head to side and maintain 2

2. ndo tighL clothing 3

J. Ensure fresh air 1 of. Arrest Hc:cl1lorrhage :-

Rapid but complete, examination for hcemorrhage 4

Disco\'er small wound front of lefl leg 2

Examine lett lower limb for signs of fracture 3

Does bone protrude (no) 2

Does wound lead down to bone (for you to say) 2

State compound fracture 2

Do not elevate limb 2

E pose wounds 2

Is blood brighl red, spurting from heart side :-

(a) Front of leg (no, \'ery slight) 3

(b) Calf of leg () es) 3

A \oid direct digital pre sure 3

Indirect D. P. p. p. 10-properly applied and maintained -+

For speed in arresting- hremorrhagc 4

Careful application of tourniquet - having due regard to line of femoral artery, and size of pad 6

Foreign bodies (no) 1

Obviously dirty (no) 1

Tincture of Iodine-o\ er and around both wounds 2

Dressings lO hoth wounds 2

Pads of \\'oL)1 to both wounds -+

3 District. Dr. F. S, Hard)" of Sheffield, and Dr. J. J. Hue)" of lexborough, judged the work of eight teams at the competition held at Doncaster. J. Clayton, Chief Constable of Doncaster, was the organising secretary. Leeds were placed first with 186 points, followed by Yorks \\l.R. "A" with 185, and Halifax 175-b-, Yorks W.R. " B ", last year's finalists, were fourth. The test set '0.-+ individually was :-

No. 5 Di trict. Teams from Colchester, Cambridge County and Borough, ble llf Eley, Gl. Yarmuuth, East SuAolk, St. Albans and Luton mel at l'ee! Ilnu:>c, London, on February 3rd, for the Dislrict Competition. LlCol. :\1. ,\lacEwan, D.F , T.O., '\1.8., judg-edthe te,ll11 test, and Capt. R. Ingham Hyder, 1\1. R. C. "., L. R. '. P., those in the indi\'idual section. .\Ir. I3. \\'. (Chief Constable, Great Yarmouth) wa the competition secretary, assisted by Inspector James and other members of the Metropolitan Force.

In the team test competitors had to deal \vilh a patient who had been attacked by a dog and had tumbled and fallen heavily to the ground. On examination, competitors a fracture of 11th and 12lh ribs, invohing kidne)s, Il1ternal h&morrhag-e, dog bite on left forefinger and wound on left wrist.

The individual tests included cO'llpound complicated fracture of right leg, alcoholic poisoning and compound of nose, with smashed denture and sprained right WriSt.

Great Yarmouth were again successful 'with 359-i marks, followed by Cambridge County, 329 ; and East 303.

No.6 District. Held at Brighton, nine teams competed before Dr. A B. Leakey and Dr. W Benton. Ao-ain last year finalists were defeated. This) ear Kent, gained 152 points, will represent the District. The runners-up were West Sussex with 133, Brighton following with 129. R e igate, who represented the District ast year, were

r Perci\ al presented the "Turnbull" Cup to the \\ inners, and to the co-operation and friendl) spirit ",hich existeJ between the Police and the St. John .-\mbulance Brigade.

Both doctors l'{mg-ratulatl'd the team!' on thdr drarts, but were of opinion lhat thl!re was [l)01ll for impro\'ement.

r. G. ,\bbiss, in the una\ oiclablc absence of ir Philip Game, thanked Sir 11 ugh for his hospitalil y. Inspector J allles was the competition secretary.

The team te t set in this competilion \\ as as follo\\'s

A constable on beat duty had his suspicion aroused by the tcalthy actions of a man \\'ho had just Idl a car park carrying an attache case. The man attacked the COil table, first hitting him a \'iciou blo\\' \\'ith a stick and then firing a revolver at hil11. .\ C.I.D. oJ1'icer Jashed to the re cue and overpowered the man, anJ blew his whistle for a sistance.

The marking sheet was as follo\\'s :

CARD. Il is a nice summer e\'cning. The time is 10 p.l11. Your station i about a 1 mile awn), and it adjoins a General Hospilal. No.1 (or 3) is on beat duty, and o. 2 (or 4) is on patrol duty. You ha\'e just met and are exchang-ing reports. A shot is heard, but you are undecided as to the direction from \\ hich the sound proceeded. (Competitors had to remain at their posts until signalJ d by the judge.)

Bandage lightly 2

Relax tourniquet (bkeding recurs) 1

Tighten tourniquet 2

5 \rrangements for medical aid-anticipated.

6. General Examination of Patient.

Pulse-Correct method 2

Rate (rapid) 1

Strenglh (\\'eak) 1

Breathing-Rate (quick) 1

Depth (not stated in book) 1

Accompaniments (sighing) 3

Regular (irr gular) 1

Odour of breath (as it is) 1

Head-back, front, \'ault, sides (no) -+

1\'ose and ear (no) 3

Mouth (no) -+

Eyes-Objection to tOLlch (yeS) 1

Bloodshot () es, right) 2

Noting and stating contusion of right eye 2

Pupil -Size (normal) 1

Equality (equal) 1

Fixed (no) 2

Skin-Cold (ye ) 1

Clammy (yes) 2

Trunk and Limbs (no to all except left leg) 15

Comparing upper limbs for limpnes (no) 2

Special Treatment for Shock-Early... -+ Sprinkle-hot and cold 2

The finalists this year will therefore be Liverpool City 1, York, Leeds, Birmingham City 1\0. 1, Great Yarmouth, Kent, Plymouth City, Brecon hire and "G" Division, :\Ietropolitan Police.

The judges, as announced last month, will be Dr. A. T. Lakin, of and Dr. D. IN. A. Bull. The " Pim" Trophy and prizes gi"en by the Order of St. John will be presented by Sir John Simon, Home Secretary.

BIR \ll1\GHA::'Il SPECIAL CO l STABL'LARY.

The "B" Division (North Area) held their annual competition for the Challenge Cup on October 25th, 1936, the winner uf the first prize being S.C. "B" 163 G. H. Franks, followed by S. L. "B" 100 G. Price and S. L. "B" 4-3 C. H. A special prize for the best member who had never won a prize was won by S. C. "B" 186 E. James. Tile judges were ?\Iessrs. F. C. Smith and W. E. DePoiy, of the S.J.A.B.

On Sunday, January 17th, after the Drill Parade, the presentation took place in the Library, Ladywood Police Station. The meeting- was presided over by Commander S. C. Taunton, 1\1. B. E, supported by Chief Sub-Commander T. Goode, O. B. E., Supt. F. G. Cartwright, Commander W. J. Proctor, Sub-Commanders H. Bannister, A. Taylor and Ex.-Officer 1\1r. T. Brittain.

l\lr. Brittain presented the prizes and congrat ul ate d the winners. Commander Taunton thanked ?\f r. Brittain for his continued and invaluable assistance given to the Di\ isional Ambulance Class and presented a frame photograph of the team, winners "Proctor" Chal lenge Cup 1935, to Supt. Cartwright, who said how pleased he was that the "B" Division had won the cup, and said that the photograph would be hung in the library.

Commander Taunton also thanked Sub-Commander H. Bannister (instructor) and Section Leader C. G. Marsh (assistant instructor) for their continued assistance in the ambulance class. S. C. J. vV. Tavlor was a lso thanked for giving the framed photograph and assisting in the competition.

AID.

The "Proctor" Challenge Cup Competition for 1936 resulted in a win for' 'D" Division with 170 points, "B" with 159 being second, and "C" with 138 third. The judge were Capt. J. Henton -White, l\I.D. (County Commissioner), and Dr. E. \V. Parse), (County Surgeon) .

Hospitals, Midwifery and Public Health Ex 11 ibition and Conference.

THE 27th of the series " 'il l be held at the New Horticultural Hall, v\'estmin ter, during March 1st to 5th.

A meeting to organise an Anti-Gas and Air Raid Precaution Section was held recently under the chairmanshtp of G. Clark Trotter, E g., 1.0 ., D.r.IL, F.R E., at which representati"e from the Home OITice, ?\Iini tr} of Health, Royal ]n titute of Public Health, In tilute of Hygiene, British Red Cro s Society, the t. John ,\mbulance Brigade, Women Public Health Officer .-\ sociation and the Royal In titute of British Architects decid0d that til'" .'ectioll should be of an entireh' uncommercial nature, ub-sections as follows: Refuge Projected helter ; Fir t .\id Room; Individual Exhibit, including Poi on Ga es and their Antidotes; J nforl1lation Bureau.

The programme of the e sion for the 1\ ursery and l\lidwifery Conference is no\\' completed. The Public II alth Conference for Sanitan Onicer, Health -isitors, chool Nurses, et..:., will be under the presidency of \\ '111. Gunn, M.D., D.P.H., enior .\ssistant l\ledical Officer of the Corporation of Glasgow Public IIealth Department.

Tickets admitting to the Se sions will be sent free 011 application to any anitary Ollicial, Health Vi itor, '-,chool Turse , etc. Delegates may be appointed by Council. It is ad\'isable that early application for ticket hould l1e made to the ecretary, 40, IIolland-rark, \\'.11. Reduced \\ill be granted by all Railway Companie

S.J.A. B. Overseas. RHODESIA.

ON December 7th members of the Bulaway :\ursing Di\'ision held a Home Nursing Competition. Fifteen members competed, the judge being l\liss :\1. vVilson, Sisler Tutor (London), of the Memorial Hosrital stafr. ine competitors gained at least 90 per cent. ot the mark, the flrst three being Mrs. VV. \Volbuter (95 per cent.), :\liss Grace Hannaford (94 per cent.), and Miss i\1. Moore (93 per cent). Ii \Vilson commented favourably on the general standard of the work.

During the past year annual rou tine work has been carried out, including the best season in competition work. It is hoped that dUl ing the present year further progress will bc' made in Rhodesia, which has an unbroken record of over ten years. The assistance of twenty-f1\'e doctors, either in lectu ring or examining, is greatly appreciated by the members. Without their guidance, advice and co-operation the District could not function, and it is hoped that the doctors will not only continue their services, but also make use of the Brigade whellever opportunity occurs.

The transport and blood transfusion undertaken by members are becoming better known, as is also the knowledge of first aid and home nursing t hroughout Rhodesia.

Raz/way Ambulance News.

The Inter-Railway Competition.

The final competition for the Championship. hicld and prizes offered hy the Order of St. John, Will take place on Thursday, April 22nd, at the Wharncliffe Rooms, \Iarylebone, London. .

The judges will be Col. W. Archlbald, M.D., Ch.B., V.P.B., of Luton, and Lt.-Col. M. :MacEwan, D.F.C., T.D., M.B., of Ipswich.

The preliminary competition for the ungroupe'd rail\\'a) s ",ill be held on March 19th, at t. John's Gate, London, the judge being Dr. )'I. 1\1. of Four teams \\ ill compete-il1. & G. . J 01l1t, 1\letropolltan (L.P. T.B.), Che hire Lines Committee and . & L.M.S. Joint (Som'rsel anci Dor.set); the \\ Inn 1110' (' nterillO' the final tn c()ll1pl'le ae:aJllst two reprc entatl\'e of uf the four raih,ays.

Great Western.

CO,\[PETITIOXS.-Thc di"isional ambulance competiions, which arc in progress throughout the line during hi month attracted an cntrv of 266 teams, of \\hich III 'arc in the \ch-a nccd eetion and 155 in thc BcO'inncr" cetion. The Semi-final (climinating) round ",iii be held at Bn tol. London. TIirmingham and J\ewport on :-'larch 9th, 12th, 16th and 10th rcpecli"ely, the Juclgcs bcin;,; Dr. S. of • -c\\ port and Dr. W. J. Crawf()rd of Southall.

HONOURS. A. <L rccllmmclltlatioll made by the C;reat \Ve tern Rail\\"a) Ambulance Committee, the follo\\'ing mcmber: of the LdT ha, c been selected a Serving Brother, of the Ordel- of St. John of J ern alem :R. H. Polc, 'tation Traffic Dept., Brierley 1rill; \.. Ll1nbnck. Carpenter, Loco. Dept., Caerphilly; D. C. DaYlc', Slg'nalman, Traffic Dept., Llangaclock; A. Ainge, Signalman, Traffic Dept., E. H. .:\Titchel morc, Signalman, Traffic Dept., Tiverton J unctlon; \V. E. \Vea\,cr, Guanl, Traffic Depl., Stourbridge Junction; T. C. P. Collier, Chargeman, Loco. & Car riage Dept., Lai ra; R. Goodall, Bodymaker, Carriage Dept., \Vorc(ster; A. J. Bobbett, Goods Guard. Traffic Dept., Barry; J. L. Collins) Passenger Guard) Traffic Dept., Barry.

Tn'ERTOl .-The annual dinncr of the Tiverton amb ulance clas, \\'11ich took place at the Palmcrston rrotel on Janu ary 22ncl, was presided o\'er by 1\1r. \V. J. E. Ellwood, chief clerk. AmonO' those present were 1\lr. R. W. Higgins, Div. Supt., 1\1r. C. J. Challenger, District Goods Manager, and local officials. 11r. HiCYO'in , presenting the examination awards, referred to the fact 100 per cent. successes had been gained by the class. Flfty per cent. of the staff at the station were members nf the class, but he still appealed to new members. An c:<cepent musical programme) which included community S1l1g111g, formed parl of the proceedings.

CUESTER.-The annual competltlOn for the challenge cups presented by Dr. W. Lees and Dr. G. Harrison to the Chester G.W.R. ambulance class, was held on January 31st. The winner of the "Lees" Cup (1st place) was Mr. N. F. Jones, and the winner of the It Harrison" Cup (2nd place), Mr. G. H. Dorricott. Dr. G. of Gresford, who adj udicated, remarked on the effiCIency of the work. The result was announced by :l\1r. J. A. Martin, Div. Ambulance Secretary, who expressed his appreciation of Dr. Harrison's assistance at the competition A vote of thanks to the doctor was proposed by :\1r. ::.J. F. Jones and seconded by :\1r. Dorricott.

PLY;\IOuTII.-The new .:\lemorial trophy, the" R. G. odder" Cup, which has been subscribed for by members of the Plymouth Ambulance Diyi ion in memory of their late Diyi ional Secretary, Mr. R. G. \"v'as competed for on February 3rd at Plymouth in the adyanced conte t and was awarded to the runners-up, the Laira team, with a total of 174 marks. The" Astor" hield, premier trophy, was won by St. Blazey, with a total of marks. The trophies and prizes were pre ented to the winning teams by Mr. E. Lake, Divisional Engineer. 11r. J. H. Tippett, Div. Secretary, presented )'lrs. X odder with a replica of the" Nodder" Memorial Cup as a token of thc kindly thoughts and affections the men had for Mr. odder

TAUXTox.-A" ards were presented to member of the ambulance class at the staff dinncr held at Deller's Cafe on January 30th, when 1\1r. H. A. Alexander, Divisional Engineer, presided and was supported by the Mayor of Taunton, Councillor F. C. Spear, and local officers of the Company. The presentations were made by Mr. H. Adams Clarke, taff A sistant to the General Manager, who was accompanied by 1\1rs. Adams Oarke. l\Ir. R. \V. Higgins, Diy. upt. commenting on the success of the movement in the Taunton district, said that all raih\-aymen on the operating side and in the sheds should haye a knowledge of first aid, and further, he thought that no motorist should take the "L" off his car until he held a first-aid certificate. 11r. Adams Clarke, congratulating the class on its progress, said they owed a great deal to their lecturer, Dr. '\'inckworth, their secretary, Mr. Quantock, and the Taunton" father of the moYement," Mr. J. Paul. The presentations included, in addition to examination awards to the Taunton and Martock classes, a number of gold efficiency medals. The dinner was followed by a dance.

london, Mid land and Scottish.

BIRMI TGIL\'M.-The re ult of the Divi ion I competition of the Birmino'ham District was: 1, Curzon Street Goods. 154; 2, Redditch, 1-t-8t; 3, New Street .l o. 3, 146!. Ten teams competed.

GLOUCESTER.-The N n .=; Di tricl Competition \\'Crc held at Gloucester with the following re ults. Division I.-I, Gloucester No.1; 2, Bri tol Loco;

3, Bath. Six teams competed. Gloucester No. 1 were awarded the Challenge Shield for the eighth year m succession.

Division 11.-1, Gloucester No.4; 2, Fishponds No.1; 3, Bristol i\Iotiye Power Filling Staff. Six teams competed; the Silver Challenge Cup being awarded to Glouce ter No.4.

'OUTHEI\l) .-The Camden Goods c, A" team won the " Pre ton" Cup and the championship of Section I, Divi ion I, of the Southern Area of the L.M.S. held at the annual competition on Tuesday, February 2nd.

Dr. J. Findlay and Supt. J. P. l\lay, who deputised for Dr. Sells. were the judges.

The points were awarded as follow: Camden Goods .r A." 181; Commercial Road. St. Albans rr A," 162; ele\'en teams competed.

The trophie , \"ere pre en ted by 1\1rs. May, wife of upt. May.

london and North Eastern.

NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

The Half-Yearly ),1eeting of the Darlington District Council \Yas held in the Co-operatiye Hall. Darlington.

A I D.

Tomlinson; and a 25-years' bar to Mr. J. H. R. Wickham. Mr. Cooper remarked how pleased he was to make these presentations, owing to the fact that the recipients had been personally known to him for a considerable number of years, and thanked them for their assistance which had been so willingly given in various ways.

The Half-Yearly Meeting of the Leeds District Council, was held in the District Superintendent's Office, Leeds, on Wednesday, January 13th, which was presided over by Mr. J. Steele, the President of the Leeds District.

At the conclusion of the business, the Centre Secretary, Mr. S. Cooper, presented the long service gold medals to Mr. G. Birkinshaw, Fitter, eville Hill. and Mr. J. Nettleton, Loader, Starbeck.

The presentation of the l\1onkwearmouth class 1935/36 awards, took place la t month, and was attended by a large number of members, their wives and friends.

Owing to the una,-oidable absence of Mr. L. BalIan, District Superintendent, the chair wa ably taken by Mr. A. J. Johnson, Mr. Ballan's As i tant, who congratulated the class on their 100 per cent. pass, and hoped that they ,,"ould meet with equal ucce s thi e ion. )'1r. J ohllSon aid how pleased he was to know that eight

The York District competitions were held on L<'cbruary 3rd, \\ hen SIX icams competed before Dr. C. D. Wilson, of and Dr. E. :B. Appleby, of N ewcastle, who acted as Judges. York Police welc placed first WIth marks, followed hy York arriage & Viagoll. Monk Fryston, 120. J H Long Service awards were presented to Mr. . . Torvill and 1\11'. W. Poulter.

SUUTHERX /\.Iu:,\.

T Ill' annua.l c(Jtl1petitlon I'llI' Ill:' i\or\\ icll District Officers' hicld. was held at the Al1wyn Hall. ?\orwich. ()Il Januar) 23rd.

The judges were ::\Tr. S. J. \Varrcn, \ st. Commlssicmer No. 1 District, .A.B. (team), and Mr. C. J. Fitch. Ddrict Officer 1 TO. 1 District. S.rA.B. (indi\·ldl1al).

In the team test competitors witl1(, sed a man alight from a tram. slip and fall, striking a shop window which was hroken. The illjurie were fonnd to be cut through ear and hand. and a strained muscle of leg.

The re 111t was: 1. ich. 258 marks (possihle 380): 2. Yarmouth. 233: 3. Lowe toft. ]95: 4. Brandon, 177: 5. The ford. 165.

The Shicld and oak hiscuit harrels were presented to the \\innil:g t(':1111 hy 1\[r. H. 'V. C. Drury. \\'ho was District. uperllltcndent at the time the competition was inaugurat.eel. whn cxprcsc.d his pll'a -u re at being- present once III. E. F. Grcenfielrl, Di:trict presidul. supported hy l\Ir. II. R. Statham. Goods and senger ':\fr. H. G. Rampling-. Asst. District Supt.. and ),fc R. D. Brown, Secretary for the competition.

:\fr. GreL'lIficld the ;lppreciatioll of the district offIcer ill the continued Interc. t cli. played by the members of the amhul nce. di\'isinl1s in the district tlndn their control, hut emphaslsLd the mce ity of new memhers in oreler to main III the n\1mher of amhulance men ()11 the rail\\'av. was made to the absence of Capt. \V. Goodley, who lla undertah'l1 the judging of the competition for a 11\1111her of vears h\1t was unahle to do so on this occ;Lion owing' to ickness. alld the chairman remarked that it was the hope of all present that he would soon he able to resume hi' \\'01'1- ill the ambulance world.

A 10.

Blshopsgate "C ,. (290), by ., A," 285; BIshopsgalL "]J , and Pnntl11g Works D tied with for fourth place.

Thl.: Shield alld prizes were presented by Mrs. A. G. Smith, wife of the DistrIct Electrical Engineer) Norton Folgatc, and a.mong thosl.: iVlessrs. S'. L. Baisler, J. I. HIll, J. J. Rogers, 1. H. Seaton} A. G. Smith, C. P. Parker, and Mr. and Mrs. L. P. Parker. .

British Red Cross Society.

TilE first eliminating round of the women's r'Stanley" Shield competition will be held on 6th, whilst that for the men will be on March 13th.

The :\"ational V.A. D. Training Camp will be held at :\"ort!1\yood Park, Sparsholt, near \\'inchester, from Friday, 21st, to Friday, ] une 11 tho

DC"RlI COlJ:-1TY. -l' nder the auspices of the B. R. C. a series of lectures on Air Raid Precautions bas been given to officers of the Gateshead amI District Boy Scouts Association by the .\ssistant County Director, the Rev. P. D. Beckwith. Twenty-£l\'e candidates presented themselves for and only two failed to pa.ss.

Un Janu ary 22nd the ;'Ilayor of Gate head presented certificates to the succes ful students at a meeting O\'er which the Di trict Scout Commissioner, :\1r. J T. Corking, presided. It was decided to enrol the member in an A. R. P. Resen'e. This was the first class held in Gateshead.

GLOCCESTERSlIIRE COlJ:s'TY.-At the annual meeting of the Count\" Branch held on Saturday, January 30th, :'\liss :\Ilen Director), in her report, stat<!d that member..,hip in the V.A. D. in the county totalled 499, an increase of 35 over 19J=i. The mobile membership was 123.. The ambulances at Stroud, L"dnev and Cheltenha.m carried 1,-+94- ca e during the increase of 141, and the aggregate mileage was 13,279.

Sir Harold Fawcu , Director-General of the B. R.C.S., congralulated the County on its excellent report.

Sl·FFOLK. -The \\'enhaston of the Haleworth i making good progress.

Stratford District Competition in Operation. on Saturday, January 16th, at which some 70 delegates from the 25 classes attended.

The District Chairman, Mr. A. Lockey, presided, and welcomed the President, Mr. T. B. Hare (District Superintendent) and the delegates from the various classes.

The President congratulated the district on their success during the 1935/36 session, when 599 students had been successful in passing the necessary examination in First Aid, which was an increase of 64 over the preceding session; he hoped for further progress during 1937.

Mr. S. P. Thompson, District Secretary, gave an excellent report for the period under review.

Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, on behalf of the Divisional General Manager, Mr. C. M. Jenkin Jones, presented the long service gold medal to Messrs. E. T. Hamilton, H. Hogg, T. W. Miller) H. Richardson, E. Wade, and F. Wilson; a 20-years' gold bar to Mr. A.

new members had joined the class, and he himself hoped to receive the coveted certificate, as he also was taking instruction in first aid.

Mr. J. Watson , in a very pleasing manner, welcomed the visitors.

Mr. A. E. Armstrong, District Secretary, gave a report of the progress the class had made in recent years, and thanked the class secretary for the great work he had done, which was reflected in the class membership.

Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, gave a very interesting report of the 1935/36 session, and stated that he had every confidence of the present session breaking all previous records for, up to date, 1,400 books and bandages had been issued to 153 classes, which was a considerable increase in both cases on the previous session. Mr. Cooper presented tqe following awards :-Five certificates, four vouchers, two medallions, and 17 labels.

Mr. C. H. Lamplugh, Gass Secretary, is to be congratulated for his splendid arrangements.

Tn response to a yote of thanb to the judges. proposed hy the captain of the \\ inning team, Mr. \Varren said rail\\aymen were among the C'xperts in amhulance work. He stre scd the yalue of competitions in the 1raining of men.

The sixth allnual competition for the Stratford Di trict Officers' Ambulance Challenge Shield, was held at the G.E. 1\Iechanics' Institution. tratford, on February 3rd, when nine teams competed.

The judgcs \\ ere Capt. F. E. Bendix (team), and Messrs. A. R. IIare anc! H. Pain (indivic1ual).

Th.e te.st dealt with a patient suffering from alcohohc pOlsonmg, bleeding from cut ear, arterial haemorrhage from left upper limb and fraclured cIayicle.

In the individual tests, os. 1 and 2 had to deal WIth a person \\hose clothes had caught fire and who was sever.ely hurnt about the legs, whilst Nos. 3 and 4 hac! a patient who had been bitten by a mad doO".

The competition was closely contested, theO result bel11g a win fO.r Bishopsgate rr A," who gained 290i marks out of a pOSSible 400. Only half a mark behind came

On January 11th and 12th an examination in A.R.P. was held, the examiners being Asst. Commandant \V. E. Holmes, Suffolk 45 (written papers), and Commandant H. F. Ebbs, Suffolk 45, and :,\1 r. \V. E. Holme (practical). Thirty-nine entered, there being but £lye failures.

The annual meeting of the \\' eldon Diyision, S.]. A. B., was held on January 18lh, when it was reported that 132 remo\'als were undertaken last year, with a mileage of 3,455.

The competition for the "Burton" .-\mbulallce Shield, held on January 31st, was won by \Volyerhampton. The judges were Drs. Hayelock Lowe and \\T. Murdock.

We are p r epared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this JourDal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID. 46 Cannon St.. London E.C.

O u r Nurses Pages.

COMPI L ED BY AMBULANCE SIST E R..

1\0.1 DIS TRICT, .J.A B.

, (events open to teams frol11 ); urslng Dl\ lslOns) will be h e ld on February 27th. The folluwing Divi sions will repr ese nt the five Areas of No. 1 District ;-

, Competition. H ampstead ( o rth ern); East Croydon (Southern); Temp le (Centra l); Ea t Ham (Eastern) ; Harr ow (Western)

" "Competition. Finchle\ and Southo-ate ( i\ orthcrn) ; South il1 etroro li tan Gas Co. (- out h e rn ) ; Ci\'il en ice (Cent ral ); East H am (Eastern); Harr ow (\\'estern).

" Br ooks" Efficiency. Fin c hl ey a nd Southgate (1\orthem) ; East Croydon (So uthern) ; East Ham (Easte rn)' Ea lin g (vVestern). '

The following-letter ba been recei\'ed frol11 1\lrs. H o rtoll, late Secretary to the Co III 111 issioner :-

"_ I, throug-h your col umns, express my thanks to the officers from whol11 I ha\'e received so man," kind letters fllJlo\\'ing my rC' ig n ation a Secretary to the Commissioner of o. 1 D.istric t, and to which I ha\·e been unable to reply o\VJI1g to slckness

" It is nice to know that one's work i app r ec ate d by so many. It has ah\'ays been a pleasure to me to help out in Lhe many difficulties that arise from time to t im e."

EASTERN AREA

:\. course of lectures for \\'omen on Fir t Aid to the Injured will be g-i\'en at Whitehall Place School (g round Infants' Dept., Forest Gate, E. 7, on Tuesdays from / to 9.30 p. m., beginning February 23rd Dr. F. 1\1. Hog-g- the lecturer. r:ee the course, including the eXamJl1atlOn, 3 6d. All InquLrles shou ld be made to Lady Supt. 1\1rs. Strathern, 10, Claremont-road, E.7.

FAIRLOP :\'URSING Dl\"ISION.-This Division held it s Second Annual Dinner <'.t The R ed H ouse II ford on J anuary 28th. The g-uests, who included Commissioner F. E Bendix, Lady District Supt. Miss 'Walker, D.lstnct Officers H aines, Kemp and Bower, and Lady Dlstn.ct Officers Robinia, Viscountess 1'10untg-arret an d Mrs. i\1ornsh, w e re received by the Divisional President, Cr. A. \Y. Green, J .P., KC.C., Mr s Green, and Lady Di v. Supt. Mrs. 1\1. Browne. invested Mr. Green a nd 1\1r. W O. White, nce-presldent, With their badges of office and accepte d on behalf of the Fairlop Division the "Green" Cup presented by the president.

1\1rs. Browne proposed the toast "Our Gu ests)) and paid tribute to the assistance received from the d octors and n1 atron of the hospital, also from members of t h e D ao-e nham Ambulance Division und e r Supt. H owa rd. She t o absent friends, mentioning espec ia ll y the Mayor of Ilford and the Commissioner, Capt. W. Goodley.

Capt. Bendix replied, some of the ach ie veof the Division during the two yea l-s it h a d been in eX istence. [t n ow had a numerical st ren gth of 32, and it s members had attended 384 cases during 1 936. Tw enty-fo ur ;nem bers held A. R. P. certificates, two had passed as Grade 1 Instructors and th r ee as Grade 2. H e comp lim ented the members on the number of duti es carried out an d said he saw no reason why the Fairlop Di\'ision should not become

the be l1ur in g di\'i sion not on ly i n No.1 Di st ri ct but a so in the whol e of th e Brigade. Capt. Bendix also referred to the illn ess of Capt. Goodley and ::l.sked that hi s burden b li g htened as mu c h as po ible.

Lady 1'10untgarret a l '0 responded, as..,uri n g them of her deep intere st in their work altho u gh s h e was no longer connect ed officially with Ea Lern Area, and expre sed h er pleasure at the increased member hip of the V D.

During the even in g the As istant Comll1i ·sioner sen ted a r ep li ca of the i\ursing Bowl, won at the last oi trlct Final Competitions, to I\liss Parrott, and replicas of the " Curtis)) Cup (Eastern Area Bed-making Comp tition) to 1\1rs. Grace and l\1r 1\1 ulligan.

Capt. Bendix wa asked to accept for the and 1'1r . Goodley a ba ket of fruit from thc Divi ion.

R ep lying to the toa t l'f "The Chairman," propo,>ed ill exce ll ent terms by Lady Amb. Olncer \1 rs. II oward, Cr. Green said it ga\'c him great p leasure to be their Prc ident, and sa id he would do hi be t to help the ollicel"s to makc thc Division a happy, u cful and on.;anio..,atiun in lIford.

Th e dinner w as followed hy a dancL' and some 130 persons spent an enjoyable time at a well-arranged fUl1ct iOI1.

\V ESTERN AREA.

26 ( R OYAL BUIWL'l,11 Ot RICIJ:\IU:>.ll) DI'ISION - The Annual Gcneral l\1C'eting- \\as held 011 January 27th, the President, i\ld S. \\ r. Gladwell, J.P., being in the chair. Others present included thc Hon. Gilbert Coleridge, l\lr. Sand rson, J.P., Chairman of tilL Ro,al H ospital, Capt Eden, Secrctary- upt. of the hospital, the 1'1atron, Asst. Commi sioner S. J. \\ 'nrren, Lady District Officers Lady l\lountgarret and ;\liss Tuckwl.1I, ;lnu , upl. Bettles.

Th e Annual Report showed that 70 public and ho'>pital duties had been performed during the) ear, and 461 case,> treated by the members, and the meillbershir increao..,ed by s ix, the Division now being 34 strong.

The members were very grateful to their surgeoll, Dr. Douglas Gordon, who, besides gi\'ing lectures on lirst aid and home nursing to association classes, had given lectures an d sho\\'n X-ray plates on matters great interest.

A cou rse of lectures on \. R. P. had been given by ,'upL Bettles, and 18 members and olle senior cadet had gained ce rtifi cates, also four outs id e l11embers Iwd pa sed the examination, three of whom had joined the Division.

Th e winnpr of both Divisional competitions was \mb. Sister W. H o ll ands. Amb . Si ters Filkins and \\' e tern had won the" U loLh " cup for bedmaking.

Th e l\ledical Comforts' Depot at Brentford still continued to serve i ts purpose. The Cadet Division \\ as carryin g on happily und er Cadet Supt. 1iss and no\\' had a membership of 22. Th e" Grange" Cup for flrsL aid was won by Cadet 1\1. Bcttles, and the Juni or C up for Cadets und er 14, h y CadeL J. linard.

Ald. Gladvvell a pol og·ise d for the absence of the 1\1 ayor. Th e latt cr had int ended to speak o n the subj ect o f air raid precautions. He him self did n ot know what was th e p osit ion in Ri c hm on d, hut the members of th e Bri ga d e h ad don e their s h are in preparing for protection and r e nd e rin g assistance should an a ir raid occur. He proposed a vote of thanks to th e Lady Superintendent and h e r staff.

This was seco nd e d by \lr '1-.,T. Sanderson, J.P ., who made a public expression of thanks on behalf of the h ospi tal to the

FIRST

members of the member s of th e Di vis io n for the great help they had r e ndered from time to time.

Lady Distri ct Oillc e r lountgarrl'l welcomed the m e mber s frol11 I s lew or th, and hop e d that when they bad passed their exa minati o n s th ey would add a new Division t o the rapidl) growing \V estern Area. She congrat ul ated the Ri c hm on d Di visio n on it s record of work, and in being acco rd e d Illunicipal s upporr.

i\SSt. Com m issioner S. J vV a rr en sa id th ey ..\,er e pleased to welcome ,\ Id. Glad well back after his cruise, an d also a Ill'W friend in 1\1 iss Tuckwell. H e co n grat ulatcd Ri c hmond Divi s ion on its splend id rC'pnrl.

2 DISTRICT, S.J •\ B. B \TII l\l.'HSI;-.Ir; DI\·ISlON. - The 29Lh ann u a l ge ner a l mecting was hl:IJ at the .\l11bulance H eadquarters, Bath, last month. Dr. Knowles, Di\" Surgeon, was in the chair, and was supported by Dr. Baker, urgeon, V \. D. Somcrset 128; Lady Di\,. Supt. Miss. hoesmith, :\Iiss Paul, and Lad) Ambulance Of1icer F. St. Le Wilkin son. atisfactory reports were prcsenteu b) the secretary and treasurer, and thesc were unanimously auoptcd.

Voles of thanks \\ ere accorded to the doctors and l)nicer for hL'lp and inLerest in the Di\'is ion g-i\'en during the Year.

'Ca nteen \\'ork had been continued at the Ro)al enited IlospiLal, and hl:lp had bl!cn in the wards at the Orthopedic Hospital. ])utie held bl!en undertaken at many IlKal c\·cnts.

First aid lecture'> by Dr. Baker and home nursing- ones hy :'Iliss Paul had had \L'ry satifactory eXClll1in1.tion results.

The Di\ ision had ,tI tenucd lectures on air raid precautions by SupLrintendenL of Lhc A.mbulance Division The re ult of the examination in the subject was not )ettoha nu, but se\'eralmembers had Ljualilled as A R.P. instl

On January 2"tl! a parade ·en·ice for the members of The OrJer, ,\ ... .,ociation and Brigade in the ount\" ot omero..,et was helJ in Bath "\bbe\ The Lord Lieutena;,t of the Count\' and the Count\ o"l11l11issioncrs addressed the members the senicL' il{ the Recre,ILion Ground.

On J ul1e 13th the \ D. in'>pcction was held by Col. and 011 l)ctohcr 6th, the 'ount)' COl11l11i sioner made his annual inspection, \\ hen .\l1lb. Sister \l iss Tracy recei\'cd the Sen'icc :\ll!dal. 'atisfaCIO r) reports had been received on both occasions.

010. 5. oISTl{'I 'T, J \.B.

CE'TR.\L NCRSIl':G 01\'1 ION, LEEDS CURl's.-The death of Lady .\mbu lance OOlcer _ Palfreyman, on J a nuary 2nd, at the age of 7 1 , has robbed this Di\'i ion of a h ar d and enthusiastic \\"orker. h e was one of the founder. of the Division which \\' a formed ove r 25 years ago, and \Va of the V . .\. D. a well as Storekeeper of the Division. During- the war he \\ "as a V.A. D. at St. james's Hospital, Leeds.

The funera l took at " rood h ouse Cemete r y, a nd attended by a number of Brigade members who took th iS last opportunity of paying respect to one they had kn own and loved .

SIlEFFIE D NURSING DI \' ISION.-l'io n ee rs of the six ursing Divi sions which now omprise a n integ-ral part of the Sheffield Co rp s, the Sherfield ursino- Divi s ion h as just reached it s Silver Jubil ee. In of tbis, a Corps Parade S e r vice was held on J anua r y 17th at St. George' Church.

The parade was und e r the com mand of Assistant Com missioner H. C. Else, ·w ho the l esso n during the service.

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In hi addre , the R e\". Fountain said that in e\" ry way the Nursing Division was now prerared and equipred for any demand that might be made on it sen·ices. During the rast quarter of a century many big \'e nture had failed, many grandio e scheme had faded out, but the Division had proved to be of increa ing usefulne The reward of its members was the joy of seeing others h e lped or encouraged.

Arnong- those who were at the service were Lady Di trict Officer :'I[iss G Corps and Di\ isional Officers.

On the following evening a dance wa held in the Cutlers' H a ll. Corrs Officer \-\T A. Browne rre ided, in the regrettable absence of A<,sistant Commissioner Else.

The chairman said that, in 1924, 528 dutie harl been rerformed by member of the Xursing- Division and 213 ca es treated; la t year, 2,156 duties had been undertaken and 1,262 cases had been treated. lo w the member were interesting themselves in air raid precaution work.

Outlining the \\'ork o\'er 25 years, :'Ilr. Bro\\'ne said that in 1912 28 members had enrolleu. There was now 41 on the rt.:'g-ister, all beinf! membE'rS of the V -\. D. During the war, 174 members had joined the Di\"ision, 120 of these serving at home or abroad. One member "vas mentioned in despatches; two \"ere granted permission to wear A.1\1. on their houlder straps, and four recei\'ed army stripes. The names of two, rs. \\'iBis and Hartman, are inscribed on Panel X o. 5 of the Oak Memorial Screen erected i n York ;\linster in menloryof the women of theEmpire who gave their lives in the Great ",Var.

Three members who joined 25 years aRo \"ere till on the roll, and two of Lady Di\·. upt. :.'IIr Windle and Lady Ambulance Officer :\1iss Daniel, had been awarded tile Vellum Vote of Thanks in recognition of their services to the Brigade.

Presentations of black attache cases, bearing the white cross of the Brig-ade, for use on public duty, were made by G. Ashberry to the members of- the Division, and Mrs. Windle was asked to accept a barometer in recognition of 2 5 years' service, and as a token of the members' esteem and loyalty.

6 D ISTRICT, S.].A. B,

D ARLIl\GTON NURSING DrYISION. -The annual presentation of a,,'ards was made at the Divisional Headquarters, Darlinr;ton, last month Among those \\'ho attended were Commissioner F. P. Wilson and :\lrs. \Vilson, Lady Starm e r, Cr. Scott (deputV-J1ayor), and Dr. Kent. Div. Surgeon.

Dr. Kent presided, and said he was pleased that Lady Starmer ha d consecented to become their Divisional President.

The County Commissioner presented Service Medals to Lady Div. Supt. Nurse Gardiner and 1\lrs. Christian for 15 yea r s' efficient service in the Brigade. He also handed Lady Starmer her badge of office.

Cr. Scott spoke of the good work done by ambulance people in Darlington, and said he was very pleased to find the Corporation employees forming ambulance classes.

Dr. Kent proposed votes of thanks to Lady Starmer, the County Commissioner and Cr. Scott, which were carried unanimously.

After the awards had been presented, these including 20 first aid labels an d home nursing pendants, 1 medallion, 14 first aid and home nursing certificates, and 16 A .R.P. certificates, dancing and games were enjoyed

On Monday, Janu a r y 18th, a party was held in the headquarters, which was enjoyed by about 50 members of the ursing Cadet Division.

Lady Starmer attended and relalL'd 10 the yo un g people

the hi story of the St. J ohn mo vement, telling thcm that they s hould be proud to be members of such all ancie nt ancl honourable oq.;anisntion. h e then pre ented the rrizes and also 15 fir t aid, 12 hyg-icne, 7 homc nursing-, <lnd 1 adult Iwme nursing- certificates.

DURllA;\! CITY NURSING DIYISION. - A team from this Di\'ision won the "Palmer" Cur at the County Competitions held in Durham on Saturday, January 23rd. They will no\\' meet the \\ inners of l\ orthumberland, East Yorks and North Yorks. ,ect ions of l\o. 6 District in the final com peti tions.

Owing to illness, teams from the South Shield and Consett Nur ing Di\ ision had to withdraw, and th county championship itself into a match bet ween Durhan"l Cit) and Dean and Chapter Colliery, Ferryhill. The former \\'o n with 293 points out of 400, their opponents gaining- 121.

;";0. 8 DISTRICT, S.]. \. B. BRIGIITO:-,r NURSING .-On aturda,', Januan' 16th, a successful party was Ileid at l'nion IIall to celebrate the twenty· fiL t anni\'ersar\, of thL formation of this Division. There was a larg e attendance. and an enjClyable e\"ening- \\'a spent in dancing- and amusing' ganlL'S, f,)r ,,"hi c h prizes were awarded. "Iiss QueLnic Fowler (g-l1Id medali5t) ga\'e some humorou. r ecitations

.-\. decorated birthda\ cake, illuminated with t\\'enh -one candle, was cut, and wcre presl'nteo tCl Lad): Di\,. Supt. l\liss H. Theob ald, \1 iss \ndre\\, Di\. '('cretary, and Lady .\mbulance OOicl'r ;\liss V. Beaumont.

Among- those present were lhe County urg-eon, Dr. E. \ Vhitcher, Mrs. \Vhitch er, Corp Supt. Dr Drynan and DI-ynan, and Dr. (J. \\ "aucbope

HA:'IIPSTEAD DI\ 'IS ION, B. R.C.S.

The :'IlaY0ress of Ham rstead, :'II rs. G lo\'('r, took the chair at the Annual General \leeting· llj the IIamrstead Division held la st month at the Hampstead High School. On the platform were also rs. !'II it", (hairm<ln llf the Divisional Comm illee, 0! iss D. F. Robinson, Oi\. 'l'c rctaryand Commandant, V \. D. London 130, and ;'Ilis.., TI L. Stebbing, Commanclant V .\.D. Lonoon 150.

Among items of special interest in the rerort was the election of l\lrs. Stoney Smith as a "ice-president of rhe Division; also of i\liss E. imons as a honoral'\" memher of the Society to mark the aprreciation of that' bod" of her daily voluntary \\'ork at U ni \'ersi ty ColJege IIospital - for over 14 years.

The following- appointments were m ade :-\lrs. Fernau , anti-g-as officer; 1iss Loosely, quartermaster; :'IJ iss Coombs, section lead er

The collection on Red Cro s Dav was better than in previous yearc::, being £116 10s 8d. After a share of the County expenses had been deducted, half thc remainder was returned to the Division and the following grants "'cre made :-Hampstead District Nursing- Association, £5; St. Columba's Hospital, £5 ; Pont St. Day N urscry, £2 ; British Red Cross Societ)'s Camp Dispensaries for Hoppickers, £4.

Notice was given that a course of lectures on anti-gas precautions and first a id for air raid casua l ties was to be given at the High School on Tuesday evenings, and it was hoped that residents of Hamp stea d would attend these and enrol in the Air Raid Precaution Reserve.

Items (Divisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page shou ld be sent to Ambula n ce Sister, de> The Editor, FIRST Am, 46, Ca nn oqstreet, London, E.C.4

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Appreciation of Brigade A. R P Coupses.

" _-\.LL road lead to London," road and r a il certa inly did 011 Februarv 6th, for an on loo k e r nC'ar the Hot I Great Centnd would seen m any ,·i it ors arri"ing there.

\\ 'hat w as the attractio n a nd wh o w ere they -: N o indicati0n of their bu inc s ; but a brief ,'isit into the Grand [)inino- Hall revealed that these were .J.A.B. s urg-e ons, office rs, men a nd women a rri\ ' in g to lea rn h o \\' to put the kn o\de d ge of A. R P. to their m e mb ers and ultim ate ly to the ge n e r al pub li c.

Taking a seat, we found each member w as provided with a satchel the necessary books, pencil a nd notebook, and a badge of the Ord er's colo ur s.

On the table we sa\\' \"hat looked to a chem istry professor's stock in trade, but we soo n fo und that these were very capably handled by lr. J ackson, who got hi s ub ject across to his hearers in a "e r y in te r esting manner.

The cha irm an was Dr. vV. C. Bentall, Asst. Surgeon in Chief of the Brigade and A. R. P. Officer, an d hearing his open in g welcome and remarks one felt g uit e at home and assured of a good time.

T he party of about 200 was divided in to t\\'o pa rti es, each of whom wa conducted by Col. Hunt to inspect two of the GO\'ernment's Reet of 40 gas vans

Mean\1\·hile, Dr. Bentall was recounting his expe r ience in India, showing how the St. J ohn movement was progressing there, what a large body of membe r s the r e are in that continent; all of which make us realise what a l a r ge family the St. J ohn family is.

vV e may think we are an excellent body in this country and the only ambulance people of note, hut \\'e soon found that the parable of the Good Sam aritan has many adherents elsewhe r e.

Drs. Bentall and H iscock, Col. Hun t, Col. Collins, and :'IIessrs. J ackson and Bower covered the whole course of 10 lectures on Saturday and Sunday in a very ab l e manner, and when the first named gave his concluding lecture and remarks on the Sunday e\·ening there were many who would have liked to have another day with him.

" _-\'11 work and no rlay, etc.," is an old saying. Th ere has been mu,h gas about Gas, but a peep into the H all on Saturday night at 8 p. m. would have revealed what a happy family gathering there was.

We saw that Sir Percival \Vilkinson, our "?\T . C. F. ", Ir. Fincham of the Gate, and several others had joined the company; but what was the cause of all this merriment?

Tone other than that the one and only Joe Grossman, of British In ternational Pictures, Ltd., had come up with a whole army of great artistes to r emove all traces of Gas and brighten ur the family with m u sic, humour and song.

Drs. Bentall and Hiscock co uld ta lk o f T ea r Gas, but even they now had to take back seats in the a udi ence

How well J oe and his party succeeded wo uld have been seen by a visit at 11. 50 p. m. to hear a nd see a pa rt y of 2 50 all joining- hands and s in ging Auld Lang Syne. No or dinary concert this; it ,vas a g r eat s ight an d not easi ly forgotten; all rank, etc., forgotten-docto rs, n ur ses, St. J ohn men an d women, all as happy as co uld be.

Sir Percival Wilkinson led the way in express in g the great appreciation of all the company at the g reat kindness of J oe and his band in providing such a first class concert.

Th e cheering showed how great was the arprec iat io n , and what a l ot J oe does for the movement.

T he inner man was not fo r gotten, for the management of the H ote l , to their great c r edit, saw to it that the multitude was we ll cared for in every way.

Th e Course is a very intensive one; the lect urer s were very capab l e men, but thanks are specia ll y due to the ca re and foresight of Brigade H ea dquar te r s (Major Darvil-

Smith and Ir. \Vri gg les \\' o rth) in their arrangements, a nd more especially to the great c h a irm a n s hir of Dr . Be ntall ,"ho se ect ur e w ere r(,ally m a t e rpi ece

Be tw een l ect ure w e found what a r ea l h appy famil y w ere there - from EnglRnJ, Ir e land, V\'a le and I Ie of Ian. \\ 'e saw railway ambulance compet to rs reco unting- comretltlO n of recent years, but n ow they were on a different erra nd ; s ur geo ns and officers w erf' discussing how th e ir Divisions w ere runnin g, etc.

At th e l ea \'e of und(lY c\'eni n g (lnd morning we found thnt many Ill'\\' friend hips h ad I)('('n formed a nd f ull y realised the g r eat \'alue of such gat h er in g", for the main t h eme h ad been. and was for the futu r e, the Good of Hum anity.

A nd 0 endf'd the 8th i R P. Course; may there be many more such gathering

Those \\'ho have not yet taken the Cour e are exhorted to go an d learn for them eh'e ; they will get a wekome, and there's really need for far more students and h e l pers - \V E.T. ._

.

Ambu1ance from News Cuttings the Press.

The Editor invites Reader s to send newspaper cUllings on maller of general interest for inclusion in this column.

DANGERS OF HOT " 'ATER Born ES

A hot-water bott le that hurst in the cot of a thrce-da\sold baby at a Surrey nursing- home caused the child's death. This was revealed at the inque ye terda),. A nur e said that soon after she rut the bottle in the cot he noticed a pool of water there and found the baby badly scalded.

A verdict of .\ccidental Death wa recorded. - l r 'el'l.:{II Dispatch.

H ORSE KILL :'IIOTORIST

A motorist was killed near Blackpoo l on aturday night when a horse which his car had struck reared and smashed the top of the car with its front feet.

The motorist, 1\lr Albert Hallam, aged SO, of Mansfie ld , was returning from Blackpool after a visit to see the illuminations there with a neighbour. The car wa at the head of a stream of traffic on the Kirkham by-pa between Blackpool and Preston, when three hor es arpear d on the road, h av in g, it is believed, strayed from a Ileld.

H a ll am's car struck one of the hor es, which at once reared and, pawing the air with i ts f r ont feet, ma h d the top of the car and inRicted serio u s wound to Hal18.m's head with its hooves. Hallam died before the arrival of an amb ulan ce, but his passenger was only slight ly lVlorning Post.

BALL KILLS BATSMAN.

Tra ge d y ended a c ri cket ma tc h yesterday between Ecclesh ill (Yorkshire) a nd Idle, on the Eccleshill ground.

On e of the opening pair for Ecc1eshill, 1r. G. A. Moore (age d 24), had bee n batt in g fo r about five minutes when he was struck by a ri s in g ball. He co ll apse d imm ediate ly a nd was ca rri e d to t h e s id e of t he field, where h e di e d within te n minutes.

It is und e r stoo d that the ball fractured a rib, which pi e r ce d his h ea rt.

Th e mat r, h was abandoned.-Sunday P iclo ria I.

General Principles of IIealth.

Personal Hygiene.

Health of the Community

Hygiene in the Home.

Food.

Diagnosis and T reatment.

Anatomy and Physiology.

First Aiel.

The Healthy Mind. Home ursing.

ursing as a Profession.

Constitutional Diseases.

Infectious Diseases.

Blood and Circulatory Diseases.

Diseases of the Respiratory System.

Diseases of the Alimentary System.

Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System.

Diseases of the enous ystem

Diseases of the Skin

Diseases of the Eye

Diseases of the Ear.

Intoxications.

Occupational Diseases.

Diseases of the Locomotor System. Tropical Disea'ies.

Surgery.

Diseases of Women.

Disease of Children.

2,500 Illustra t i o ns .

22 Colour P l a tes.

Two Fully Coloured Anatomical Models (one

AN AUTHORITATIVE WORK OF THE GREATEST VALUE TO READERS OF THIS JOURNAL THE NEW PEOPLE'S PHYSICIAN

Written by Medical Experts and Edited by DOUGLAS HAY SCOTT, M.B., Ch.B.

This new and up-to - date compendium of home medicine is one that will prove of the greatest interest and value to every First Aid worker. In addition to being a reliable medical work for the layman, it forms a complete and authoritative work of reference for all engaged in nursing and First Aid work.

Informed with the latest scientific knowledge and practice it covers anatomy, physiology, general principles of nursing and First Aid - general treatment in emergencies, bandages and bandaging, hremorrhage, fractures, dislocations, sprains, burns, scalds, electrical injuries, poisons and poisoning, carriage of the injured, anti-gas precautions, first aid in gas attacks, etc.

Diseases of all kinds are fully described, together with their symptoms and treatment. A whole section is devoted to tropical diseases. Surgery is dealt with in a section of its own, as are also diseases of women and children.

Other interesting articles deal with sex, psychology, beauty culture, care of children, scientific cookery, exercise, diet, etc.

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Queries and Ans'Ners to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules;-

[. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope "Query," and AID 46, Can nun-street, London, E. C. 4.

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue at the J(lurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The Textbook, to which reIelence may be made in this column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid

DIFFICULTY WITH DISBELlE\,ER.

A. F. (Desborough).-A young lady (\ovith whom I have dealings) is quite unconvinced that a break and a fracture are one and the same. N ow she has reached a higher step, for I overheard her tell someone who had had a tooth extracted that (as it wouldn't stop bleeding) it wasn't bleeding and that it was worse than that, it was hremorrhage !

In spite of her disbelief, I still believe that a fracture z's a break, and that hremorrhage is bleeding. It would be interesting if you could tell me how to convince a person like that. I've given it up as a bad job.

In the circumstances I should do as you have done. After all this is a free country and everyone is entitled to his (or her) opinion-nelll. con.!!- CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HO\\·LER.

D. K. (Ferry I add the following to your apparently endless collection of " Howlers" ?

At a recent examination I asked one candidate what his tr('atment would be in a case of Poisoning by a Corrosh'e Alkali, to which he replied that he would give an acid antidote When pressed as to the nature of the solution, he hesitated for a long time and then burst out :- " 1 would giv e PruJsic Acid.l"

Good! ext, please! !-N.C. F.

TREADIENT OF CONCUSSION.

A. H. (Great Yarmouth). - An interesting an; ument took place recently between the instructors of two ambulance classes with reference to the treatment of Concussion of the Brain. One maintains that in this co ndition the patient's head should be kept low and the feet raised, while the other says that the head should be kept low but that the feet should not be raised

Your rulin g on the point would be greatly appreciated by the members of the two classes and myself.

Boto instructors and the Text.book (Rule 1. b, p. 155) are wrong because the head and shoulders must be lowered! It is usel ess to lower the patient's head only.

Your second instructor is also wrong when, contrary to the definite orders of the Textbook already quoted, he teaches his class that the patient's feet must not be raised. Here again I would prefer to substitute "lower limbs" for "feet"

A 10 • in this Rul e of the Textbook. Nevertheless, by ralsmg the feet you do rai c the lower limbs, and so limit the blood flowing to these parts. Thereby more blood is available for the rest of the body, including- the brain which, by reason of the Concussion, is in urgent need of more blood. - N .C. F.

FORi\lATION OF ANGULAR SPLINT.

N.E. (Durham).-Would you please inform me if there is a rule in tying two splints together to form the right angle splint of elbow joint as shown in the Textbool(?

In all demonstration of forming the e splints together I have never seen a method such as there is tying a reef knot" right over left, left over night."

In case of an accident we need to be dexterous. i\Iaybe it is my failure to grasp the correct method.

The method shown in Fig. 37 of the Textbook is perfectly easy-since it consists of transverse turns on one side of the angular splint and of diagonal turns on the other, the knot being tied on the diagonal turns. A little practice will soon g ive you the desired dexterity.

By the way, tying reef knots by rule of thumb ( righ t over left and left over right-horrible sound !) i a confession of failure to carry out )'uur qualifications as a first aider. ]t were more in accord with the principle of fir t aid to tie knots by the exercise of your senses of sight or-wh n necessary-of touch. - .C.F.

TREATlIIE T OF STRANGULATED HER1'J.\.

G. (Dave nham). - Although I have been a member of th B. R. C. S. for 5 years, I only knew of FIRST 10 las t October. ,5:ince then I have received each issue and have gained considerable benefit.

1 should appreciate your kind reply to the following query, and thank you in anticipation.

At our recent examination the doctor asked me ho\\ [ would treat a person with a Strangulated Hernia. I replied that I would lay the patient on his back with limbs raised; avoid handling the swelling; and trea t for shock.

A fellow member of our Detachment says that I contra dicted myself when I applied the cold compres s and treated for Shock as the latter requires the application of warmth. As we could not agree your kin d ruling would be much appreciated.

Your treatment was quite correct. Had you applied ; fomentation to the hernia, you would have aggravated th e strangulated hernia by drawing more blood to the part.N .C.F.

TREATMENT OF CONVULSIONS.

G C. (Surbiton).-l was asl{ed the other day how I woul d treat a patient who was suffering from convulsions

The Textbook (I-" 157) tells us the seve ral condition s which may be associated with conv ulsions; but it says nothin g about the treatment of conv ulsions in til t Chapter on Poisons. Please tell me how we should a ct in such circumstances.

Turn to p. 166 where Rules 1 and 2 set out clearly th e way in which a patient should be handled during a convulsive fit (be this due to Epilepsy or any of the other causes named on p. 157)! - C. F.

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DEATH FROi\I 1"!l ENTAL HOCK.

P. B. (vValsall).-Herewith please find a ne\vs c u tt in g which reports the strange case of an elderly man who r ecently died from the shock of a mistaken belief that he had taken poison. At the inquest a doctor stated that as the result of a post-mortem examination he co uld find ab olutely no e\' idence of poisoning; that the supposed poison (which the man had swallowed) tasted like water and had become ineffective through degeneration; and that the deceased had died from heart failure due to shock. Your comments on this interesting case will be much appreciated.

The causes of shock are mental and physical; and the case reported emphasises the importance of the forme r in producing sudden depression of the neryou system (see Textbook under "Shock," p. 161), especially when the patient is in a debilitated state from old age or other infirmity. A fatal issue consequent on mental shock is not a common event.-N.C. F.

STIWCTURE OF PULl\IO ARY VESSELS.

B. C. (Cardiff).-I am much puzzled by the fact that the Pulmonary Artery carries venou blood \vh ereas all arter i es (other than this) tra n smit purc or arterial b lood. Your exp lanation on this point will be received by members of our ambulance cIa

The Pulmonary Artery is rig-htly so called because it has the stmcture of an artery eYen though it carries enous blood. If this were not so, and if there were no marked muscular tiss u e i n this vesse l, it would be impossible for the heart to pump its veno u s blood into the lung circulation for purificat ion

For a like reasun the four Pulmonary Veins are 0 called by reason of thp,ir structure and the arterial b lood contained these vessels is drawn into the left auricle, partly by the suction action of the heart. -N. C. F.

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TREATl\IENT 0[' IIO CK.

M. T. (Bristol). - Please tell me how the app li cation of heat t o an unconscious patient tends to o',ercom hock when the patient, being unconscious, cannot feel the warmth.

ANIMAL'S SALI\ A AN ANTISEPTIC.

G.C. (Surbiton).- The following cutting tal{en from the Irz'slt A ttrsing and Hospital TTTorld is fonyarded because it may interest other readers of FIRST AID besides myself.

" It is uni\ ersal knowledge that an animal's first reaction to a wound is to lick it, and that this licking helps considerably towards the healing.

"Dr. Herman Dodd, professor of hygiene at the University of Tubingen, has found that this licking instinct has good bacteriological justification. E:-cperiments were conducted whereby cultures of bacteria were made on a medium to which animal saliva was added and again on medium to which no animal saliva was added. In the' non -saliva culture the bacteria grew and flourished, but failed to thrive on the 'saliva' cultures.

" It appears, therefore, that in addition to keeping out dirt and hair fr0111 a wound by constant licking, the animal is also applying a very effective antiseptic "

We thank YOll for your letter and newscuUing which is most interesting.-N.C.F.

Shock is a depression of the Nervous y tem which expression in loss of body-heat and, when severe, in loss o f consciousness. If this loss of heat proceed beyond a ,ertain point, the Vital Functions cannot continue their inter-action; and death must result. The feelings of the patient, therefore, Me immater ial to the object desired but, if the patient is conscious, they are valuable, because, when he tell us lhat he feels warm and comfortable, then we know that wc ha\ e established the re-action for which \ve aim in our treatment of Shock. C. F.

-------.---.------

THINGS SEEN .-\n ambulance man endeavouring to open a bottle of smelling salts, without uccess, whilst altending a ca e on public duty.

A competitor in a recent competition attempting to top arterial ha::morrhage from a wound in the right leg b) applying a tourniquet on the lejt femoral!

Pocket "First Aid" Ready Reference.

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MANUAL of INSTRUCTION for the ROYAL NAVAL SICK BERTH STAFF

BAND

POISONING BY CALCIUM CARBIDE .

J. U, (Warrington).-The members of our Works Amb ul ance Class were very interested in your reply to a query published in the November, 1936, issue of FIRST AID under the above title. In it you state that Dr. ] W. Loos of Holland advises lSlycerine and alcohol in large quantities.

Now we understand that alcohol in large quant i ties is a poison and so we wondered if the Carbide would negatiye the effect of the alcohol and the alcohol negative the Carbide

As there is a g r eat amount of Calcium Ca rb ide u sed at our works, your ruling on what is meant hy a large quantity of alcohol wi ll be appreciated.

It were easy to dodge the issue as the Textbook does on p 77 if only because, in my opinion, both doctor and first aider should be chary of advising patients to take alcohol. In these circumstances I am firmly persuaded that first aiders should stick to the medicinal dose of one tablespoonful of brandy diluted with equal parts of water, for adu l patients.-N.C. F

At a recent competition the judge, a istrict Officer, forgot his first aid training and informed the competitors that a compound fracture did not require splinting!

AND HEARD

"In these days of massacre on the roads there was never a time when the services of the ancient Order of St. John of J erusalem was more needed."-Bishop H. K. Southwell, D D., C. LG.

That the R oss Division of the St. John Amb ul ance Brigade have received a legacy of about £200, which will assist the proc urin g of headquarters.

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H FIRS 1 AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

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Questions and Answers in Air Paid Precautions. the Protection of the Civil Population in Chemical Warfare. "Gas" Fir!'t Aid. and Nursing of" Gas" By NORMAN HAMMER.

w, and should reach him before the 12th of each month an d must be accompanied (not necessarily tor publication) by the nam e and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communicati o n s con nected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

1 eleg-raphi c Address-" Twentl'-/our, London. Telepho ne-City 37IO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

EDI TORIAL :Coronation Day Duties 221

lIe r ?\lajesty the Queen and t h e .]. A B.. 222

Roya l Visit to l. J ohn's Gat 222

St. \.ndrew's _\1l1bulance A sociaLion 222

1 Tat ional Road P asseng-er Tran porl _\mbu lance \ssociatioJ1 222

Ext racts from the l\lanual ot I nstrucLion for the Royal Naval Sick B e r th S tarr

S. ] .A. B. Headquarters and District R eports

Po lice Amb ul a n ce News

Br itish Red Cross Society

Th e Hospitallers' Club

Pri ory fo r Wales

Co lliery Amb ulan ce News

Co ming Events

Rai lway Ambulance New s

S.]. A. B. Overseas

Ou r Nurses' Pag es

QUE RIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :-

Poisoning by Creosote Examination Howler

F ra ct ured Arm and Bleedin g Palm

Injury to Spl ee n by Fractured Ribs Meddlesome First Aid

EDITORIAL.

ON the occasion of the CoronaCORONATION tion the largest duty ever underDAY D UTIES. taken by the voluntary first aid service will take place. For months past the route of the procession has been studied, the personnel required carefully gone into, and the important question of stores debated. Arrangements are now fully completed and we are able to state that over 7,000 mem bers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, under the command of Captain W. Goodley, M.C., Commissioner, No.1 (Prince of Wales s) District, will be on duty. The majority of this number will be drawn from the No. 1 District but, in addition, members from other districts will assist in carrying out this tremendous task.

The route has been divided into nine sections, and there will be .23 dressing stations and 67 first aid stations staffed with Brigade personnel. On this occasion a different method is to be introduced for the application of first aid and will be on the Army lines of advanced and base stations.

In addition to the Brigade personnel, the British Red Cross Society will have on duty 700 officers, men and woman, under the command of l\J ajor-General Collins, County Director for London. These members will staff three dressing stations, and first aid posts in Grosvenor- place and Green Park.

The general public can have but little conception of the sacrifices to be made by mem bers to cover this duty, and the time and money spent before hand to ensure that there are no repetitions of former failings. The duty will start as early as 5.30 a.m. and continue for some twelve hours, but we are convinced that as usual the voluntary army of first aiders will carry out their duties to the credit of their organisations.

He ... Ma jesty The Queen and th e S.J.A. B.

IT is officially announced that Her 1ajesty The Queen has gratiously been pleased to retain her appointment as Commandant-in - Chief of the N ursing Corps and Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Her lajesty, who is a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John, has held her present appointment since 1928, and has always taken a

A I D. St. Andrew's Ambulance Association .

The annual competition of the L i Lh District (L. E. R. ) Ambulance Section of the St. Andr w's Ambulance Corps for the Inter-team Cup Look place at Leith, entral tat ion

The arbiters were Drs. Gunn, \. G. mith and Ang-u s vValker. The tests consisted of Oral, Pra tical, and Transport, 10 minutes being the time allotted to each subiect.

Six teams entered and the Cup wa won by ",\" team (J oh11 Paterson, captain, Agnes Hogg-, G Robinson, J. Elliott, and A. Stoddart) "vith 236i mark. "F" team (.\ Dorward, captain, Mary haw, D. latheson, ,:\. Cameron and F. Barr) were the runners-up with 235 mark.

After the competition the efforts of the teams werl criticised by the arbiters, and some hints passed ",hi cl should pro\'e to be useful in future competitions.

"I.;; The Cup will be presented to the winners at the Anllua l General l'leeting on April i-th.

The Methil Section held its annual At Ilomc la sl 1l1OIltl i when over 250 members and friends attended.

1\1r. T Stenhouse, president, pre ided, and welcom e d all guests.

:\lr. Dugald Baird, general managcr, \\ em)' s oal Cc Ltd., presented the certificates, medallions and \'oucher an d congratulated the members of the eCLion upon th sp lendid work they were

1\1r. James l\lorri on behalf of the. ectinn, a keel Dr to accept a forehead torch in recognition of h i se rvices as lecturer during the past year.

Dr. l'i\lillan suitably acknowledgf'd the gift, and thl n presented a long service medal to Ir. Fr eel kene wh o ft r nine years had carried out the duties of ecretarv an d treasurer for three years, but owing to heaILh r eason's ha u been compel led to gi\'e up these office.

Ex tracts from the Man ual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Continued froJll page J()().)

Gangrene caused by cutting off the blood Ipply may be black, dry and shivelled, or soft, mOIst, and greenish black. The moist form soon becom es septic. It is treated by keeping the part d ean, dry and "Ivarm. Amputation of a limb may be nec essary.

Frost Bite is caused by excessive cold, especi ally when accompanied by a wind, which causes the superficial blood vessels to contract, and the p' lrt may die from want of blood. It usually a acks the ears, nose, cheeks, fingers or toes. '[ le part affected becomes dull white, or if not p oper ly treated, gradually turns black and forms [. s lough .

Treatmen t.

The part should be gently rubbed with snow o r ice-co ld water, and on no account should the rn tlent be taken into a warm room or near a fire be fore tbe ci rculation has been re tored.

(b) Venous Hcemorrhage. The blood escapes from the veins, and flows in a continuous stream from the end of the bleeding vessel furthest from the heart. It wells up from the bottom of the WOll nd, and is dark red or pu rple in colour.

Many people suffer from Varicose Vei ns. In this condition the superficial veins, usually those of the leg, become dilated and twisted, and may burst. As the veins become dilated their valves cease to act, so that when hcemorrhage occurs, the blood will flow from both ends of tbe vessel, and death may occur, unless the bleeding is promptly checked.

(c) Arter£al Hmmorrlzage. The blood escapes f rom the arteries. It spurts from the severed artery from the end nearest the heart in jets, which correspond in time with the beat of the heart. It is bright red in colour. This is the most dangerous variety.

Arterial hcemorrhage is further classified according to the time at which it occurs, thus :-

H.:'.1. the ,Queen (when Duchess of York) in the unIform of Commandant-in-Chief.

keen and active interest in the work. On numerous occasions she has presented the challenae trophies and prizes at the Brigade finals, and .such occasions has expressed her great apprecIatIon of the voluntary work carried out by the Brigade person nel.

We are further informed that Her Majesty has expressed the wish to take the salute at the review to be held in Hyde Park next ::via),.

Royal Visit t o St . John's Ga t e.

O. Friday, March 5th, Queen Mary, accompanied by the Earl of Athlone, and attended by Dowager Countess of Airlie and Lieut.-Col. Sir Reginald Seymour, visited the Chancery of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.

Her visit lasted about one and a half hours.

Her Majesty, who is a connoisseur showed ' great Interest in the exhibits in the Museum and also in the Priory Church.

The annual whist dri\"e and dance. and presentation (f certi6cates, organised by the Glcneagles tation ectioll, W i! held last month.

Mrs. J. T. Gunn, Deansland, pre ented the a\\aru 5. including that of the best first year pupil to Duncan Scobie Councillor John Paterson, l\Jarjohn, pre idcd o\er 11 . function and stated that, since the inception of the class i 1932, considerable progress had been made under the cour" of lectures by Dr. J. T. Gunn, whose interest and enthusias l'l h ad done much to stimulate the keenne of the 111 mber

Na tional Road Passenger Transp of" Ambulance Association.

The preliminary contests for the "Stirk" trophy wi ll be held at the following centres through the kindness of th e Corporation Transport Undertakings :-

1idland Area - Burton-on-Trent, Sunday, Ma} 30th

Northern Area.-Sheffield, unday, May 9th.

South and South lidlands.-Cardiff, Sunday, May 9th

The final competition will be held at Manchester, 0 11 Sunday, July 4th, when the 6rst two teams in each an ';! will compete.

Entries and fees must reach the Hon. Secretary, :'II f D. Hardy, 129, Somerville-road, Small Heath, Birmingh am 10, not later than April 30th.

The competition is open to any transp ort undertaking-, and prizes are given to Area winners and and second teams in the final.

Rules of the Association w ill be sent free on applicati on to the Secretarv.

If the part has already become gangrenous, a ntiseptic dressings should be applied.

Oil of turpentine has been found to be a useful app lication in all stages.

H E.

IIcemorrhage, or bleeding, is the escape of b lood from the heart or blood vessels. ( '(luses.

(a) Injury or trauma, as in wounds of all kinds.

(b) Disease (1) of the vessels tbemselvesAneurism, Varicose Veins (2) in neighbouring tissues, causing erosion of the vessels, e.g., Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Cancer.

Varieties. According to the part of the circuh tory system involved, hcemorrhage is classified ctS :-

(a) Cap£lZary H C8morrhage. The b I 00 c.1 esca pes from the capillar ie s . I t oozes from the \\ho le surface of the wound, and is brick red in colo ur. This is the l east dangerous variety.

.*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H. 1. Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H.M. watlOn rvry Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, .C.2, or any branch, pr ice 4/ 5d. post free .

(1) Primary Hamzorrlzage is bleeding which takes place at the time of the injury.

(2) Reactionary Hmmor1-/wge is bleeding which recurs within 24 hours (usually 5 to 6) and is due to recovery from the initial shock. As shock passes off there is increased cardiac activity, and vessels (usually capillaries or small arteries) which had ceased to bleed now begin to do so again. Reactionary hcemorrhage may also be caused by the slipping of a ligature after an operation.

(3) Secondary Hmn20rrlzage is bleeding which takes place later than 24 hours, but rarely within seven days of an injury It is always due to epsis breaking down the clot which closes the end of the wounded vessel.

Situation. Hcemorrhage may be (a) External. (b) Internal.

(a) ExterJ.'al Hm77Z01-rlzage. The blood escapes on to the surface of the body Blood will be seen, and in mild cases no other signs may occurs, but if hcemorrhage is severe, the patient shows symptoms of shock. In the case of reactionary hcemorrhage the bl00d will he noticed soaking through the dressing.

(b) Internal The b lood escapes

i nto (1) one of the cavities of the body (abdomen, chest or skull) ; (2) the deep tissues (extravasation).

At first blood may not be seen at all, and the condition can only be recognised by the symptoms presented by the patient; later blood may be coughed or vomited up, or may be observed trickling from ear or nose (fractured skull), or may appear under the skin.

Signs of Internal Ha3morrhage. The skin becomes pale, cold and moist, the pulse feeble and rapid, the respirations shallow and sighing, and often characterised by a distinct gasp for air, known as "air hunger"; the pupils dilate and the temperature falls below normal. The patient is restless, complains of thirst, and finall y becomes unconscious

SPECIAL FORl\lS OF H lEl\ IORRHAGE.

(1) Ha3moptysz's, or coughing up of blood from the lungs. This may occur in cases of Phthisis, Pneumonia, or in wounds of the lung. The blood is frothy, and usually bright red in colour.

(2) Ha3matemesz's, or the vomiting of blood from the stomach.

This may occur in cases of Cancer of the Stomach and Gastric Ulcer.

The blood is usually intimately mixed with the contents of the stomach. If it has been in the sromach for some time the blood becomes dark brown in colour, and resembles coffee grounds. Remember that blood may be coughed up, swallowed and then vomited.

(3) Epz'staxt's, or bleeding from the nose. This is usually due to injury, but may occur in Nephritis, Heart Disease and Enteric Fever.

(4) Ha3maturt'a, or the presence of blood in the urine. This may be due to injury or disease of the Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, or Urethra .

(5) Melaena, or the passage of dark coloured blood from the bowels. This is generally due to hcemorrhage from the stomach; the blood is altered during its passage through the intestines, and escapes as a thick, black, tarry-looking substance.

(6) Ha3matoma, or a local collection of blood forming a swelling.

Shock or Collapse. Is a state or condition of depressed or vitality occurring after :-

(1) Very severe trauma, e g ., large lacerated wounds, crushes or blows on the chest or abdomen (lung, liver, intestines may be ruptured), head injuries, extensive burns, severe hcemorrhage.

(2) Prolonged or extenstve operatz'on.

(3) Great emotz'onal dt'stres s.

(4) Severe electric shock.

The damage thus caused is not confined to

the injured part, but also involves the nervous system, depressing or exhausting some of its vital centres. The vasometer (sympathetic) nerves to the heart and blood vessels are partly paralysed, and the circulation of the blood affected so that it tends to collects in the large deeply-placed veins, especially those of the abdomen. The patient, as it were, bleeds into his own abdominal veins, leaving the more superficial veins half empty and collapsed.

The symptoms of shock are very similar to those of internal hcemorrhage, yet not a drop of blood may have been lost (e.g., electric shock, burns).

This may seem strange, but it must be remem bed that though there has been no actual loss of blood, its normal circulation has been interfered with, so that the vital organs which require blood are deprived of it just as effectually as if hcemorrhage had occurred.

Shock ma y (1) Cause immediate death from heart failure; (2) Gradually lead to a fatal issue; or (3) Reaction may occur.

The latter is usually ushered in by vomitting, and is accompanied by a gradual rise of temperature, return of colour to the skin, and an improvement in the pulse and respirations.

Remember (a) Shock diminishes sensibility to pain, hence after a severe injury the patient who does not complain is probably the more seriously hurt. (b) Internal hcemorrhage resembles shock very closely, and if present, intensifies it. (c) The shocked patient lies in a drowsy, placid condition; the bleeding patien t is restless and gaspi ng for ai r ; neither are unconscious (t ill late) and both complain of thirst.

Faz'ntt'n{[ is a tern porary and mild form of shock, due to diminished blood supply to the brain.

ARREST AND TREAL\IE T OF H jE,\IORRHAGE.

In many cases of mild hcemorrhage the bleeding stops naturally, due to the contraction of th e coats of the wounded vessel, and clotting of the blood in and around its divided ends . The onl y treatment necessary in such cases is a clean dressing and bandage.

Severe cases, however, will require further treatment, viz.-

(1) First aid, or immediate treatment.

(2) Surgical, or later treatment.

(To be contt'nued.)

Every penny spent on advertising create s prestige, standing and reputation for the firm tha t spends it. It may not be discernable in immediate results, but the effect is certain and th e power cumulative.

St. John Ambulance Brigade

Headquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports.

Brigade Headquarters.

BRIGADE FINALS.-As anllOlll1Cl:U month Lhl: final comp etitions will take place on Friday, April 9th, at the Hotd Great Central, London.

H.R.II. the Duchess of Gloucester, Dame Grand Cross 01 the 0 rder, has kindly consented to present the championshIp trophies and individual prizes to the successful com petitors.

All good things come to an end, and the last of this seaso n's intensive All-England A.R.P. Courses was held 011 March 6th and 7th, at the Great Central Hotel, Lond on This course followed on the same lines as those pre., ously reported, with Dr. "V. C. Bentall in the chair, a ')Isted by Dr. John Fenton, Me srs. E. \V. Jackson, \ '. ]. Noble, C. E. Bower and W. J. B. Trotter as lect urers.

Saturday evening was again taken ave: by l\Ir. Joe Gro ssman (of the British International PIctures), 'who prese nted an all-star programme for the of the visito rs. These concerts Improve on each occaSIOn and no one but cc Our Joe 0' could arrange such an array of t,tlen t. The spontaneous cheering after Sir Percival Wi lkinson had formally proposed a vote of thanks. to him was evidence of the popularity and regard whIch mem bers of the Brigade have for Gro man. \\ C look back and think of thc first AllEng land Course, held during July in 1935, compare vith this the ninth COllr c, they bear no cumpanson.

Those \\ hu work behind the scenes at headquarters, f\IaJo r DarvIl-Snl1th ( ' ccretary) and \ (.\sst. 'ccretar)) are worthy of our congratulatIOns on most excellenl way in which the e Courses are The re are numerous items to think about, but each receIve ':lC required attentlOn and many present expressed to Headquarters' Staff their thanks ('ome were amazed) for the trouble taken to make their \ it a happy, comhrtable and enjoyahle one.

Even during the lectures the fell()w feeling displayed h the lecturers helped to carry the Course to its success!nl conclusion.

One cannot portray by the pen the happy comradehip which exists at the \'ery commcncement of these Co urses. Each member looks upon the other as a brother and sister, new friendships are new outlooks oi)tained' but all too soon the finale arnves and members ret urn their respective home with a memory ,,'hich \\ III linger for all times.

No . I (Prince of Wales's) District.

COMPETlTIONs .-The District Compet itions were bro ught to a close on Saturday, February 27th, when Area teams competed in the various team tests. A larger gathering than usual thronged the gallery the Northampton Institute and followed with much 1l1terest the work done.

The Commissioner, Capt. W. Goodley, M.C., preSIded at the subsequent presentation meeting, and took the sal ute at the competitors' march past.

Capt. Goodley introduced Sir Percival Wilkinson,

Secretary-General of the Order, and Lady whu had so kindly graced the function with her presence. Addressing the competitors, Capt. Goodley congratulated the winners of the Area competition. He was pleased and proud of the work done in competitions .no t only in the finals but in the Areas, and hoped the time was not far distant when all members of the No. 1 DIStrict would become as enthusiastic as the competitor s of that day.

He referred to the lon g and strenuous duties to be undertaken during the Coronation and. was sure such duties would be carried out effiCIently and WIth credit to the Brigade.

Capt. Goodley announced that H.M. the continuing as Commandant in Chief of the Nursmg DIVIsion and had expressed her wish to take the salute at the parade in Hyde Park to be held during May. The No.1 Division Inspection would be held on June 5th, and he hoped that a record parade of 5,000 would be present. The results were announced by District Officer Bower as follows:-

:-1, Shoreditch, 468; 2, Paddington, 410; 3, West Ham, 409.

" 0 born" (Improvised) :-1, Cricklewood, 220; 2, . Met. Gas (::\orman Road), 175; 3, Euston, 158. innis" Efficiency:-1, Cricklewood, 327; 2, S. :'IIet. Gas (Old Kent Road), 3101; 3, Stoke Newington, Sleath Gent 0' Cup (individual) :-Sergt. G. Kirkham, Eu ton Division.

., William Neill '0 Shield (Boy Cadets) :-C. 15, Hendon.

vVestem Area A Commissioner S. J. Warren, was awarded the .. Rideout" Cup for securing the greatest number of awards.

Lady Wilkinson presented the awards, heing thanked by Capt. Goodley.

ir Percival responded on behalf of Lady vVllkmson. [t \\-as a real plea urc to come and to pre ent the prizes. He had ne\'er seen a team of cadets like the winners to-clay, three of \\ hom were wearing the Grand Prior Badge.

Capt. Goodley announced that the winners of the " 1Iassey" and .0 MacFadden 0' (nurses) trophies ,,:,ould represent the District in the Brigade finals, and WIshed them every success.

( ursina' results on "Our Nurses' Pages.")

PRESEI TATIONS.-At a meeting of Headquarters' Staff, on 1Ionday, February 22nd, Capt. W. Goodley, M.C., the Commissioner, made presentations to Dr. Kendall, late A t. Commissioner, Eastern Area, and 1Ir. S. B. Piers late District Officer and Storek eeper.

Capt. Goodley r eferred to his first meeting with Dr. Kendall ill 1924 in the Eastern Area. Dr. Kendall was never known to be cross and all members of the Eastern Area were very fond of him. The Commissioner hoped that the rays from the cut glass electric lampstand would shine on Dr. Kendall for many years to come.

With rea'ard to 11r. Piers, it was, said Capt. Goodley, unnec essary I:>to go into details of the 40 years' service in the District. In the stores department he had done

work and his collection of thc history of the would be of service to those who came after. Mr. had endeared himself to all members, and in a king hIm accept a gold wristlet watch) Capt. Goodle\ expressed hlS great appreciation and hoped many hour-s would be tIcked away. in Capt. Goodley al 0 presented 11r. PIers WIth hIS fifth Service Bar. J.?r. in reply, aid the gift would occupy a prom111ent .pOSItIon in his consulting room and would be an remembrance of the happy times spent in o. 1 DIstnct.

J\I1r. Piers also expressed his thanks and retcrred to assistance given him by the members which enabled hIm to carry out his duties.

Before the meeting closed Asst. Commi'sioner S. J. \Varren said how pleased they were to have the Commissioner among them again.

AIR RAID PRECAUTIOxs.-On Friday, February 26th, the. Lord l1ayor of London opened a gas-proof 1'00111, whIch had been fitted in collaboration \vith the Hom e Office, the City Corporation and the No 1 Di trict of the S.J.A B. It is the first permanent exhibition of its kind. Fr?m 10.30. in the morning until 7.30 at night, members ot the Bngade are present each day to exp lain t o the ge.neral public how easy it is to convert an ordinary room mto a refuge room should the occasion arise.

BARN'ET.-The fifth annual dinner of the Barnet Division was held on February 19th, the President, C r. Chas. T. Beard, presiding over the function.

Capt. A. e. White Knox) M.e., :N1.B., Ch.B., proposed the toast of the" No. 42 (Barnet) Division" and referred the early association of the Division) which was formed 111 1903. He traced the work done in the early days and saId how much was due to Mr. Huggins. After the war M.r.. assisted by Mr. Hawkins, kept the DIYlslOn g0ll1g and to-day it was a flourishing unit of the Bngade. He congratulated Mr. J\1artin-Smith on hi s having that day heen invested as a Serving Brother of the Order. The Division, continued the speaker, had always 'been fortunate in their officers and congratulated Supt. Hawkins on the good work he carries out and also the members of the Division

Referring to A.R.P., Capt White Knox emphasised the fact that first aid was the essential part of the Brigad e and that this should not be sacrificed for the sake of the new work which the Home Office had asked them to undertake.

Supt. Hawkins thanked Capt. White Knox for the way he had proposed the toast. To-day the Division was 34 strong and a Cadet Division of 24 boys had just been started. Between 400-500 cases had been treated during the year and 22 members had gained their A.R.P. certificate, whilst others were awaiting their examination. He referred to the assistance given by Amb. Officer Hobbs and Sergt. Harris. More suppo r t had been received from the general public, and it was the speaker's hope that the Division would, in the near future, have its own headquarters.

District Officer Standingford) in the unavoidabl e absence of District Officer Osborn, proposed "The President and Vice-Presidents ," to which the chairman and Mr. Quayle replied, expressing their appreciation of the work carried out by the Division.

Capt. Stanmore Lewis proposed "The Visitors," mcntioning District Officer G. e. Green and Mrs. Green, J\t[r. Fincham (Librarian of the Order), and officers from snrrounding district.

District Officer Green replied and on behal f of the Commissioner congratulated the Division on the work they were doing. He gave particulars of the duty to be carried out by the Brigade at the Coronation and men-

tiollcd that the No. 1 District inspection had been fixed for J lln c 5th

G. Ibans Diyision) also replied Beiore dancll1g \\ as cOJllmenced, Mrs. Chas. T. Bcard presented awards and diyisional prizcs to the sllccessful members.

'\tV edncsday, FebrUiU) 2-1-th, a dance \\ as held III Faula\\ 11 Hall, which received the llsual "'ood support of the general public. 0 Those present included thc or and Mayoress

B. Hamblin, J.P., and l1rs. IIamblin), Count)

\V. CatJo\\':, W. R. Clements, J. cott, G. A. Crecsey, upt. J. E. Taylor, Lady Supt. MI s LC\\I , Amb. Officer II. S. Kin g, Lach Amb. Officer Crook, and other Prizes werc given for numerou' dances and were presented by the l1ayores ' , \\'ho was herse! f the winner of one priz e.

Councillor C. A. l'n:cse), "icc-president, thanked C. J. Hutchinson for the efficient \\ a) hael carried out the dutie of M.e.

\Vn.IBLEDOX.-Oll Friday, Fcbruar) 12lh, some 300 ladies were im·itcd to an At Homc " by the 5. demonstrations of the us e and the filting oi clnhan ga ma. k \\'ere given.

Thi Gas At I-Iomc ,. is thc 11rst oi Il· kind to be held in thi' and tho c allen<ill1g the i UI1Ctioll had a 1110 t interesting' and in trllctive time.

vVing-Command er 'teel Perkins, of the Home Office, gave an add r e s, after which members of the Brigadl. including Div. upt. IIipkins and six men, Lady Div Supt. Leane and four nur es, carried out the demonstrations.

Capt. A. e. vVhite Knox, M.B., Cll.B. (Asst Commissioner) and J\lrs. \Yhit e Knox) \\ erc among- tho L present.

Xo. lU7 (YORb.. RU\D, L.X.E.R.) DrnslUx.-.\ social enning, held at the Divisional IIeadquarter , on aturclay, February 6th, pro' cd a great succc. conccrt, arranged by 1\1r. Acrell, and gi\ en by thc Gay extcttc" under l\Iadge \Villi s) \\'a thorough l y cnjoyed hy a large audicnce, including- officer and members of Diyi ions.

In the inten-al) 1\1r. T. mith, Di"i ional Pre'ic.lenl , took the chair, supportcd by Lady Di trict l1Pt. )I! vValker , and District Officers G. e. Green and T. thc awards gained by member. during" the yea! being kindly presented by 1\Ii \Valker.

Congratulations to the Diyi ion 011 its progre s il 1936 and words of encouragement to thc memhcrs wen given by thc Chairman, Mis Walker, and the Distri ct Officer s

All present werc vlea ed to h ea r that ,'upl. II. 11. Dye was making good progress as a co m 'a l 'sce nt after his recent illn ess.

N o. III. Di s trict .

BIRMI.KGIIAM.-By the death of Serg-l. v\,illian Parkcs, the Brigade has lost an old and faithful member

He was the oldest serving member of Mitchell' and Butler's Division, having joined at its formation il l 1906. H e was promoted to corporal in 1909 and sergcan t in 1921 and carried out his duties with distinction to himself and a credit to the monmenl.

Sergt. Parkes was the senior N e.O. 0 f Birmingha n Co unty, and was the proud possessor of the Seryic l :V1eda1 and two B ars. Before the war he was a memh e!

FIRST

of a successful competll1011 and later assisted in training. He was also a popular member of the Birmingham N.C.O's Club.

For services rendered with H.M. he was ,1\\ arded the 1914 Star, Victory and General Service \!cdals and also the Territorial Long Scrvice Medal. The ambulance movement paid tribute to one whose for others wi11 be a lasting testimony, at the j11ne ral, which took place on Wednesday, March 3rd.

DUDLEY.-Three mcmbers of onc family in Dudley havc a combincd service of ovcr 100 years in the Brigade Jnd each have received recognition by the Order of St. 10h11.

. Lady Vivo Sl1Pt. Miss Ollis, Dudley Nursing Di ,-ision: o!Jtained her first ccrtificatc in 1897 and numero us subseque nt certificates for cognate subjects latcr. She joincd the Brigade on the formation of the Tnrsing Divj-.;jol1 in 1915, and <;uhsequently, 111

A I D. 227

Northampton and County Master Butcher's Association.

Mr. H Wallington has been a very active member of the Northampton Division during the past 21 years. The Parade was. in. charge of Div. Supt. H. Edwards; Amb. Officers e. Pltkll1) J. Butler, F. Whiting, and 40 N.e.O's and men were present. was led by the Divisional Band, recently upplted WIth new bugles and drnms, under Bandmaster W. George.

No. V. Di strict.

NORTH BIERLEY.-Services rendered to the amhulance cause were recogI:ised on Friday, February 19th, when Supt. Henry Hc.wItt and Lady Supt. Miss K. I. Briggs, of the. North Bler!ey and Nursing Division respectlvely, were ll1vested WIth the insignia of Servin cr Brother and ?erving Sister of the Order of St. John. b Mr. HeWItt has 2-1- years' sen-ice in the BriO'ade and was promoted his present rank in 1927 after as sec retary for eIght years.

Briggs, after 14 years as ambulance officer ,'vas promoted to Supcrintendent and Treasurer in 1931' Both members are holders of Gracie 2 A.R.P. certificates.

OTTIXGHAl\I.- atisfactory progress has been made hy the Corp in the subject of Air Raid precautions.

At the end of 1936 the ambulance Divisions of the Corp had a total of five Grade 1 and 22 Grade 2 instrucand 52 ccrtificate holders. The nursing personnel one 1 and 22 Grade 2 instructors, and 27 certIficates, makll1$' a total of approximately 28 per cen t. of the Corps hold111g A.R.P. qualifications.

Thn'l n:tl:r,ln oj till: L)f1gade upt. Ollis and Di\·.

! {)20. became ib third Superintendent. In 1930 Mis Ollis rLl'li\ld the 'ervicc :\lcdal and a Dar in 1935. She '\<1S prL slI1lecl with. a Jubilee Mcdal in 1935 and in i\ovcmher. 1936, was 1l1ycsted as a ,en-ing Sister of the Order (If John. '

Ex-Corps upt. Olb Dudley and District Corps hecame interested in 1895, th rough the influence of latc Chief Supt. T. later, thc fOl;ndcr of the move')lcnt in Dml1ey, in 1892, and continued actively until 1932, \\:hen hc resigncd hi<; command owing to untoward IIe i , the holc1l r of Queen Victoria's DIamond JubIlee J\1edal, the outh African Medal struck hy the Order of St. John, King Gcorge V Cor'onation :\Iedal, and the Service l\Iedal and four hars of the Order. In 1920 he was admitted a ' an H onorary Sen-ing Brother the Order. Mr. e. Ollie; till takcs an unofficial interest In the work.

Div. upl. W. Ollis joined the Dudlev Division in 1906, and in 1933 took command of the Division. H e possesses the KinO" Georrre V Coronation Medal the Serv ic e l\1edal anl'four h;rs, and last year was im:estcd as a Servl11g Brother of the Order of St. John. He also possesses a Grade 1 A.R.P. Tnstructor's Certificate. Each of the a1)ove have been cno-acred in teachin o and n:any Juvenile and add ltlOn to theIr Bngade duties.

NORTHAMPToN.-The Northampton H.Q. Division recently attended a Church Parade, held at St. Giles' Church.

They were invited to take part in this annual service hy Mr. H. Wallington, the retiring president of the

Officers of the Corps had attended courses held in London, whilst one Div. C;un.;eon had attended a cours e at Falfield, o-aining a First Clas Home Offine Certificate.

The eliminating round in connection with the annual compet ition for teams from the otting-hamshire Area Ambulance Diyisions, \\'as held on February 27th, at Bath treet Schools. }.lottingham. and the Drill Hall, Forest Town, Mansfield. The tests set at each headquarters were identical and consisted of a team and individual oral tests.

The first four teams at each headquarters qualified to compete in the final. which was held on Sunday, February 28th, at the University College. when the followinO' team met: Bentinck Colliery Mansfield Colliery Teversal Colliery, Kirkbv. Corporation Passenger Transport, Stanton Cinderhil1. and Mapperley (Nottingham Corps).

The final competition also consisted of a team and indiyidual oral tests. The team "accid ent)) was assumed to have occurred at a fair, and the "patient" was seen to he lying on his side and appearing- to be retching. The teams were informed that cc the patient i a YOU find him Render Fir t Aid." Questioning- the "patient" elicited the information that he complained of pain in the abdomen and had vomited, and examination disclosed a swe1lin!; in the right g-roin. no hcemorrahage, face pale. skin clammv , pulse 100. J 0 other injurv, the correct diagnosis bein!; hernia. -

The result was declared as follows :-1st NottinO'ham Corporation Passenger Transport. 121 m;rks: 2nd. Cinderhill, 118; 3rd , Stanton Ironworks, lln.

The judges were :-Dr. G. H. Parker, Corps Surgeon. Nottingham Corps (team), Dr. A. ta Touche Darley. County Surgeon (oral), Corps Supt. A. G. Welle-r, Nottingham (uniforms). The competition arrangements

were made by Corps Officer C. Lewendon, Nottingham, and Div. Supt. H. A. Went, Mansfield.

District Officer G. E. Hardy deputised for Capt. P. Muschamp, District Officer in charge, Nottinghamshire Area, who was unavoidably absent, and announced that the winning team, in addition to holding the "Area" Cup for the next twelve months, had also qualified to represent the Nottinghamshire Area in the No.5 District competitions, to be held at Sheffield on March 20th, where he hoped they would be equally successful. Members of the winning team were each awarded a chromium-plated combined cigarette case and lighter, and the runners-up Cinderhill team, were presented with the "Hutton" Bowl, which they will hold for the year, with Fountain Pen and P encil sets for the individual members. District Officer Hardy also tendered thanks to all the Officers and members who had assisted with the competition arrangements.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) Disttict.

AnDIsCOMEE.-District Officer E. J. Prew presided at the annual meeting of the Addiscombe Diyision, held last month.

The most successful year the Division had ever had was reported, and this position was due. it was stated, to the happy spirit of co-operation which exists between officers and men.

During the year, 2.686 cases were recorded, 966 patients were transported over a total of 21,514 miles by the motor ambulances) including- 105 free (necessitous) cases over 1,400 miles. Anoth e r new ambulance was added to the fleet of cars.

All members were successful at the annual examination; public duties were well maintained, while the incorporation of A R.P. into their sphere of activities had proved both instructive and useful.

The John Jetton dressing- station, under Amb. Sist e r G. Prew, had assisted over 560 cases. while the medical comforts depot, recently opened at the divisional headquarters, was doing good work.

The divisional and motor ambulance service accounts show a very satisfactory position, though it was pointed out that the upkeep of the ambulances requires a constant influx of funds.

CHERTSEY.-An inspection and presentation of awards was held by the Chertsey. Addlestone and Egham Division last month, when the Div. Surgeon, Dr. J. D. B. Vaile, carried out the inspection.

Supt. R. J. Gristock was in command and drills, demonstrations, etc., were carried out to the satisfaction of Dr. Vaile, who remarked on the smart appearance of the members.

Mrs. Gristock distributed the awards, which included the Cup (presented by Mrs. Gristock), for the best record of the year, to Pte. W. Hooks.

In proposing a vote of thanks to Mrs. Gristock, Dr. Vaile said the Cup would be awarded annually to the best all-round man in drills, duties, etc. He also appealed to the young men of the district to join, and so make the Division worthy of Chertsey. It was very necessary that they should know proper methods of first aid and air raid precaution work.

The ladies' section is progressing, and already 14 members have passed for their first year certificate. They should be of great assistance to the Division.

It was stated that 117 cases were treated by the Division last year and duties were undertaken at the funeral of King George V and at various local functions.

Police Ambulance News.

POLICE NATIONAL FIR T AID COMPETITION.

LIVERPOOL AGAIN UCCESSFUL.

The interest taken in ambulance work by members of the Police Forces the country was amply displayed at the "Pim" Trophy Final helel in London on Friday, February 26th.

Throughout the day a large audience followed the display of the teams, and at the com pletion of each test applauded the work done.

The judges were Dr. A. T. Lakin, of ranchester (team and o. 5), and Dr. D. '\tV. A. Bull, of tony tratford (Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4) ; and at the end of the day both criticised the work of the competitors.

THE TESTS.

The scene of the team test depicted an electrician and his mate working at a street" feeder pillar." No.2 of the team was patrolling- his beat and noticed the men at work. Suddenly an explosion occurred, the electrician being flung intn the street. The other members of the team were at the Police Station, t mile away. The max.imum marks obtainable and the details were as follows :-

Full marks will only be awarded when the work is actually and correctly done.

the pillar will receive a shock and be rendered unconscious. He must receive correct treatment, for which marks will not be g iven, and must not resume physical or mental activity

wit h out the consent of a doctor.

Capta in takes control and instructs 1

No.2 to carryon with treatment 1

Whe n possible, to examine the head ... ... 1

To k eep a careful watch on the pulse and breathing... 2

,Tot to fan the patient 2

.; to examine the eyes 2

To re port any changes at once 1

One man to steady and support the lower limbs as found 2

One man to cover t he patient warmly 2

Exa mination of back of trunk (no signs of injury found) 2

Exa mination of back of lower limbs (no ign<> of inj ury found) 4

l:xa mination of)eft upper limb 2

AID.

Ring pad applied

Bandage lightly

EXAMINATION OF EVES.

Easily opened (if correctly tested, no)

Bloodshot (if correctly examined, no)

Respond to touch (if correctly tested, yes)

Are the pupils dilated (if correctly tested, no)

Are they equal (if correctly tested, yes)

Do they react to ligbt (if correctly tested, yes)

Testing unconscious state

Can he be roused (yes, with difficulty)

Report to captain that patient is in a state of stupor, which may deepen into coma

Loosen clothing about neck, chest and waist

Exercise watchful care on breathing pulse

Pulse-Rate (quick)

Character (weak)

Breathing-Character (shallow)

Odour of breath (as found)

THE MESSAGE

Written safer than verbal

Whereabouts of the patient

Nature of the accident

Help wanted

Materials

Ambulance

Electricity to be cut off

If the staff at the police station are asked to the ambulance and the electricity.

l"ommencing treatment

REST OF TEAM ARRIVES.

attend to Extra 4. 2

If the electrician's mate is asked to come back and help 1

Keeping back a crowd (no crowd; the road is up) 1

REPORT TO THE CAPTAIN.

What he saw 1

What he has found out 1

What he has done 1

Explicitness ... 1

Inquiry re electricity 2

If the electricity is not' C switched off," anyone touching

Li\ erpool:City Police Team.

')eated (from left) P. C. Chief Inspector

J\1ackenzie, Sergeant Hampson (Captain), fro A. K. Wilson (Chief Constable), P. Cook. tanding: P. C. ' Parry, Fearby, Tandy.

BURN OF LEFT PALM.

Pro mptly ('over with cotton wool

Who le cloth bandage lightly applied

Careful handling of the limb

Plac ing a blanket on the road

Carefully turning patient on his back

W't h all the assistance possible

Spec ial care of the right upper limb

Exa mination of the head completed WOUND OF RIGHT SIDE OF FOREHEAD.

Size of wound (as indicated) 1

Obv iously dirty (yes) 1

Bleeding (yes, slight) 1

A oiding further contamination 2

Disc rimation in the use of iodine Extra 4

Cove r wound prom ptl y 1

I eport to captain 1

No t to apply direct pressure (stated) 2

Pos sibility of fracture (stated} 2

No t searching for a fracture (intentional) 3

1 2

letropolitan " G " Division Team at work in the Team Test. A competitor is seen speaking to the Judge, Dr. A. T. Lakin. The electrician's mate stands idly by.

Examination of front of trunk, groins, fork (no signs of injury found)

Examination of front of lower limbs (no signs of iniury found)

Examination of right upper limb (no signs of injury found)

Test for limpness (none)

Temperature of body (as found)

CARE AND CONSIDERATION FOR THE PATIENT during the examination, shown by-

Promptly covering all wounds

Not uncovering the patient unnecessarily

Not leaving the patient uncovered

Steadying and supporting injured limbs

Not moving limbs until sure that signs of fracture are absent

No signs overlooked

No symptoms mentioned

Careful and sympathetic handling-

Testing unconscious state

L patient consciou (yes)

Rea uring patient with encouraging \yords

Caution re physical and mental actidty

Patient state : "1 cannot see anything-e\'erything seems blurred" then after a slight pause-" :\ly right shoulder hurts and cannot rai e my right arm."

Broad bandage round eyes, applied lightly

Steady and upport right arm

Fracture at shoulder joint suspected

Broad bar:dage round limb and trunk

Correctly passed, correct position, COt reet knot

Small arm sling, both arms

The patient \yill say, ,,,hcn anyone atLempts to move his right leg: C C Oh! rig-ht knee hurts! II

Bruised knee suspected

Ankles and feet tied together __ _

Figure of 8 bandage

Correctly passed, correctly lied in correct position

Broad bandage round both knees

Correctly passed, correctly tied

MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.

\Vritten message safer than verbal

Staling nature of the case

Stating whereabouts of patient

Stating if going to move him

Stating destination

Stating route to be traverseu

If the captain exercises his discretion and decides that, owing- to the nature 01 the injuries and the condition of the patieIlt, he will take the patient to medical assistance instead of sending for it, the team will recei\'e full marks allowed for sending, and 10 extra marks.

Decision to take patient to hospital. Extra 10

Has the doctor arrived (no)

Has theambulan,e arrived (if it ha been sent for: Yes)

Where is it (at the end of the street)

What is the road like (Ie,-el)

Prepare and test stretcher

Blanket on the camas

Correct position of bearers

Correct support of patient

Care of injured parts

Careful lifting of patient

Providing the stretcher

o. 4 resuming his position

Slowly and gently lowering patient

Examination of patient and dressings

Stand to stretcher

Lifting stretcher

Not using slings (intentional)

No. 2 to collect any property or material

If the doctor is sent for, and the patient is removed before his arriYal, and no message is left for him Deduct 10.

Transport, safe, speedy, and steady

Halt steadily at ambulance

Lower stretcher slowly and

Head of patient one pace from am bulance

(The team will not be required to load into the ambulance).

C":areful watch during transport onGeneral condition of patient Any dressings that have been applied

Close watch, examination, and frequent inquiry on-

ing Illessage for doctor H I

Total dl'duction 21 '

The indi\ ic1ual tests \\-cre of an exacting nat l.!fL" a follo\\'s ;No.1 was walking in the country and fl)und H 1110tOIcycle stuck in a hedge. On looki ng: O\'l'r the hL'uge III noticed a man lying facL chn\-n\\ ards in a shallow dill"1! i 1 which was \.\'ater_ I njurie present \\ l're a dislnratcc shoulder and Sl ere shock. passing (,trill Cdrl \\"a.., ulili"l'( for cOtweying the patient tn hospital.

_- 2 and 3 were lln duty at a rail\\'il\' gl)()ds yar d where, aluable at,ticles wcre being ul1luaded into a \-all

One of the crates O\'ert urncd <-Ind knl)c!.::etl dl)\\'n a pMll:'T . pinning his left leg underneath it. III the Ill'rll'r cauL;ht his chest against another crate_ EXillllin,llil)1 brought to light fractured left and a cOll1plicat\.'u fractur e of righ t ri bs_

• TO _ 4 \\"as called into a house ll) abo\' \\'ho had had a fit and had fallen on the floor Illar the t1rc6Iacl'. lIe foull u the mother and another child in a statl' llf panic. Injuri l were epilepsy and a possible fracture of thl' bl)l1es pf the hand_

1\0. 5 had to state whaL instructions the first aid :\lanu a' gi,'es \.\'itb regard to the application Llf "plints alld bandag-l in the case of a simple fracture of the right kg. PRESE:\T \T10N OF :\\\'ARI1S.

:\1ajor-General Sir h'or pllillips presided at the sub:-,\.quent prize distribution, supported b) Sir Perci\,t1 \\'ilkin son (Secretary-Gpneralof the Order of St. John), CuI. Pero\\-n Sir Philip Game (Commissioner, '11etrorolitan Pulice), Si r Hugl' Turnbull City of London Police). til t judges, and others.

The Chairman welcomed the Home ccretar), Sir J ohl1 Simon, and thanked him for his rresence. It was satisfactor to know that most of the Policc Force'> held e'\rtminalions 1 first aid, and the speaker referred to the first real contac hetween the Police and the St. John ,\mbulance Brigade 0 the occasion of Queen Victoria's Jubilee. Sir 1\ .)r expressc thanks to Dr. Lakin and Dr. Bull, for judging the competitions, to and I\Irs. :\Iaxwell. of the British Internation c. Pictures, Ltd for the great assistance rendercu by stagin ;::the tests, and to members of No 1 District and all who had assisted as stewards_

Sir Percival Wilkinson announced the result, which W(l." as follows :-

1. Liverpool City 31 5. Gt. Yarmouth Borough 279

2. Leeds City 6 Kent Constabulary 276

3. Birmingham City 7. II G" Division I\ l ctro 269 ,

4. Plymouth City 290 g. Breconshire 9_ York City 220

Great applause greeted the anno un cement that Liverpo ol had gained the premier award-the handsome II Pim II trophy.

FIRST

13efore making- the presentations, Sir John Simon said il ,\:\5 his rleasant dut) to come to this annua l prize g-t\"lnghL'cause il rerrescnlc:d the co-operation bl'l wt:.'en the Order of St. John and the police forces of the cOL1ntr), and he was ,rlad that he had his 0\\ n special and intimate relations with hoth. He had great admiration for the work of the Order and stated thal the IIome Office had heen interested in the tllo\-ement e'er since the S1. John .\mbulance Association had taken up and protlloteu the competitions for thc police ten yc:ars ago. Sir John contrasted the work of today with 111<lt of times gone by_

Referring tn air raid precautions the Home Secretary S lid that the whole of the l\ktrnpolilan Police \.\ ere now fullr traincu and more than SO per Cillo of thc provinc ial pL lice.

Ill' congratulated the wintlers and all teams on their nth usiastllJUD(,E'S

Dr. Lakin cot11menced hi-, remarks \.\ith " It might be bctk r lo be polite than rcally truthful.·' Onc big fault \\'as IIMt teams would look at him instead of attending to the patil:nt The ratil'nt was. he C'mphasised. the first and only consideration_ II e referred to the lack of confldence the captains had in thcir ALl. 2' , anc.1 much time was wasted by ) '0. 4 glling" over thc ground alreauy Ctwered. A team of four eliicient men, all doing their job together but wht!n the} hnd n l"aptain dictating and doing- nearly all \\"llrk himself, they gd a sic.1e and, usually, with a side ; , tea d of a team, the)' did not get really good wllrk_ He appeale d to teams to do their W0rk in the same \Yay iobs \\cre tackled in the strL'l'l.

Dr. Bull \Hitl's : "The praclical work was donc fairly ati faclorih', but t111'111bl'r of all tC:tIllS Wl'n: ,,1(1\\' in their Jiag-no:-. i_. "In\\' in tl1l'ir methud of treatment, till' rL'..;ult being- lhat thc) did tll1l L"omrlete theIr treatment I'efore lime called.

" It mll t be reIllLt11hcrL'd that :tn examiner watches the treatme nt llf a casL' -t:ry cl'1 ely and the competitor may nut r ali:-; l' 1 hat he ha uhtained marks f\)r \\ hal may not ha\'c been 111L'l1til1l1ed h\' hil11.

" In future I "\\-\l11ld (1) talking and (2) a <juil"kcr cxamination which will k:ld to lluicker treatment cltld hence l1l\lrl' l11<lrks."

Bt'itish Red C,"'oss Society.

Hi _ :\iajest} tIll' I,-ing has bC'\.n plL'ased to gra nt his patronage tl) the '-JOLiet \ _

Her Queen has' heen gTacioush- pleased to ass ume the oflice ot Prc..,idenl of the Soc iet ,-_ . . H. R. II. thc ))ukc of Gloucc ter jl(lS sig-nified \vtl l,ngncss to ben)llle 'hairman ()f the Council of the

II. R. II. the ])u( hc..,,, of Glollcester has conscnted to beco me a member ot the Council of the Society.

The Princess Ro\ -,d, Commandant.ill-Chief of British PdC e " ross Detachments. has graciously promised to present till' Stanley II Shields to the uccessful teams at the finals of th.c Society's national competilions in first aid and home at the \\'harncJiITc Rooms, London, 011 \\'ednesday Apn l 14th '

, . For the second year in sllccession Brig:lton Detachment (Susse x 13) won the Sussex Count) C01111;etitions, held last and thus \\'on .the (' l\'orfolk" cup and the right to r"p te_ ent.the County tn the II Stanley" hield competition I) The Ludges \'"ere Col. E. T. Inkson, of Chichister and r\ E D f I' . 1 1' " rynan, 0 )rtl;lton, and Dr. Venn Claydon \\ 10 set the team test.

AID 231

The Hospitallel"s' Club.

150 members and friends spent an enjo) able e\'ening- on Saturday, February 20th, at the 18th annual dinner of the Club, at "'hich ;\fr. Albert E_ Wells (President) presided.

After the loyal toast, Dr. \V. C. Bentall O. B. E., Assl. Surgeon -in- Chief S. ] B. A, and A_. R. P. Staff Officer, proposed II The Hospitallers' Club" in his own inimitable way. He was \'ery much stnlck by the wisdom of the founders in choosing such all excellent name for the club, and for using as their badge a drawing of Sir Thomas Docwra a Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, whose name was outstandinl{ in the history of the Order. The ocial equality of the Club and the outstanding success attained during the past 17 years was to be admired. He wished the Club continued success during- the next 17, or e,en 117, years.

The President replied, and thanked Dr. Bentall for his kind words. The Club was founded by a few officers who overcame the opposition which faceJ them. To-day the Club \nl growing-, and monthly meetings were held at which lecture were gin'n on diverse subjects. He informed Dr. Bcntall that of the 10 original members of the Brigade who went to Salisbury Plain to receive A. R. P. instruction, se\-en were members of the Club.

:'Ilr. \\'ells also referred to the branch of the Club ft)rmcd by Dr. IIa\\ kins in South Australia, and mentioned that an enquiry had been recei,cd frol11 Sister Parry of l\'ew South \Vales. He welcomed among those present members of the Brigade from O\'erseas.

:\lr. J. Standing-ford (Vice-President) proposed "The Guests," mentioning especially r. \\'. J Jordan (High COlllmissioner. Go\ernment of e\\' Zealand), Dr. H. H Bashford (Chief :\ledical Oflicer, General Post Office), and Dr. Bentall.

:\1r_ Jordan, in reply, stated that he ,,'as pleased to be prL'sent, more especially as he and the President ,,'orked together some 30 years ago in the Great City of London_ He went on to describe the \\'ork of the people in e\\' Zealand, in which country the ,,"ork of the Order of St. John was ,-ery acti\-e.

Bashford also replied and eulogised the \\ork of \\'ell '. He reminded Dr. Bentall that he had attended an .\- R. P. Course in London and that he could not 1'a s a hnystack or geranium \\'ithout thinking of the in tructions n:cei,-ed. Dr. Ba hford joined \\'ith Jordan in thanking the Club for theit- hospitality_

The toast of "Our President" was proposed by 1\1r -\ ]. 13o\\-l11al1, who referred to 1\1r. \Vells' numcrous activities in the Association and Brigade. He was founder of the Po t Office Centre, joined the Brigade 25 years ago, fou nded the 586 Di\'isioo, attended A. R_ P. Cour e at Salisbury Plain, and is the.:\. R. P. Of1icer for the Central ,-\rea. lIe joined the Club in 1926, and since 1932 had carried out the arduoliS duties of sl:.cretary in a most conscienl"ious and excellent manncr. -

1\1r. "\\ 'c ll , in reply, said he had only done a spot of work which he was happy to do_ Thanks were due to ;'I1r5. \\'ells tor the assi tance she at all times g-a\'e him. He would be unable to carry out the duties of Club were it nol for the great help received from the members includinO" 1\1r. Stallard and the Committee. The club which IXC\-ailed made his work a pleasure, and there was nothing he liked better [0 do than to assi t such a fine bod) of men who belonged to the Club

During the e\'ening a splendid concert was gi,-cn by well-known a r tiste, for which thanks were due to :'Ilr. F. E Stallard in arranging sLlch an array of talent·

Przary for Wales.

WELSH BRIGADE FINAL COMPETITIONS.

The teams to represent the Priory for Wales in the Brigade Finals were decided at Cardiff on Saturday, larch 6th, when competitors who had won their way through sp.ries of eliminating contests organised within the various Centres of the Priory, took part in the annual com petitions for the " Llandinam" Shield and "Arthur Griffiths lemorial" Cup, which are regarded as the vVelsh Brigade Finals.

A record number of spectators assembled at the City Hall. During the course of the competitions, which commenced at 11.0 a. m., the visitors included Dr. Edgar Llewellyn and Col. C. G. Cole-Hamilton, C. 1.G., D.S.O., Commissioners of the Cardiff and Brecknockshire Centres, Assistant Commissioners Captain S. B. Turner, 1. R. C. S., L.R.c.P., J. H. Davies, Captain F. P. Robathan, M.C., F.tR. Hortop and G. L. Davies.

The adjudication was undertaken by :-

:\len.-Drs. Urban larks, H. B. Pierce and F. J. Rees (Individual Practical) ; Dr. C. G. 1ackay (Team) ; Captain Taliesin E. Richards, J. P., 1\1. E. (U niforms).

Women.-Drs. S. lcCormac and J Prosser Davies (Individual Practical) ; Dr. A. :\1. Robertson (Team); liss

E. C. King (After-care and Nursing) Mrs. 1\1. F. L. Paskin (Uniforms).

The marks obtained were as under :-

" ARTHUR GRIFFITHS MEMORIAL" CUP (\NOMEN).

Order of Total Merit. Team. Centre. Marks.

1 LIanelly Carmarthenshire 337i

2 Barry City of Cardiff 288t

3 Builth Wells Brecknockshire 280!

4 Cwmaman Aberdare 276t

5 Pontnewynydd Monmouthshire 256t

6 Cwmavon Glamorgan County 238t

" LLANDINAM " SHIELD (MEN).

Order of Total 1erit. Team. Centre. Marks.

1 Tredegar Monmouthshire 317t

2 Kenfig Hill Glamorgan County (West) 309 !

3 Barry Dock Cardiff 300i

4 Clydach and District Brecknockshire 286

5 Naval Collieries &PenYlSraig Dist Rhondda 281t

6 Treharris Borough of Merthyr Tydfil 274t

7 Bargoed & Dist. Glamorgan County (East) 258t

8 Duffryn Aman Aberdare 256t

The Principal Secretary (the Hon John H. Bruce, D. L., J. P.) presided at the presentation ceremony, at which the judges offered some helpful criticisms. Dealing with the After-Care, Miss E. C. King suggested that more importance might have been attached to bed making and the method of reception of an accident case: Dr. A. M. Robertson referred to the general disregard of the pulse.

The Lord Mayor (Alderman Herbert Hiles, M B. E., J.P.) and Lady Mayoress (Mrs. Hiles), who presented the trophies and prizes, were given a warm welcome; and his

Lordship's encouraging remarks to the successful teams-to bring to Wales the great honour signalised b) acquisition of the championship trophies for ambulance work within the whole of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Home- must have inspired the Tredegar Ambulance and Llanelly ursing teams to the greatest height of endeavour.

The Principal Secretary announced that this year, in addition to the gift of the usual monetary prizes, the Priory had undertaken to meet the railway fares of both teams competing in London and though the decision referred to 19:17 onl)', it was hoped that the financial position would render simila r action possible in future years.

Thanks to the Lord Mayoc and Lady ?\1ayores!:: \Ver proposed by Colonel C. G. Cole-Hamilton and se co nded b) Capt. T. E. Richards; and appreciation of the services of the judges was expressed by Lady Di\,. (i'.lis s) E. G Harries, LIanelly Nursing Division, and Corps Supt. J. Leach, Islwyn Corps.

"ARTHUR GRIFFITHS 1EMORIAL" CUI' TEST.

You art; called to render first aid to a lad \\' ho has been knocked down by a motor-car 10 yards from his own hume. You find him in a position similar to patient. rIe hi s bleeding from a wound of the forehead and het a great pain on the right side of the chest and severe swelling of the lef t knee joint. Treat and remove to his home, where you \\Till make preparation for examination and treatment by th(; doctor on his arrival and for the continuous nursing uf th e case.

DETAILS OF TEST.

Collect equipment ...

Form squad

Advance to accident

Arrange for control of traffic

Captain instructs units to case

Observ e position of patient

Observe surroundings

Colour of face (pale)

Examination of pulse (rapid)

Observe respiration (exaggerated left side)

Feel temperature (lowered)

Examination of head (wound of forehead)

Examination of eyes, ears, nose and mouth

Presence of fracture of skull (no)

Conscious state

Examination of spine and scapulre (nil)

Control left leg

Examination of arms

Examination of chest (fracture of rib, right side)

Examination of pelvis

Examination of right leg (nil)

Examination of left leg (query fracture 0f patella)

Control legs (tie together)

Turn gently on his back

More complete examination of injured parts

Control hremorrhage of head

Disinfect wound

Dress wound

Apply cold to head

Posture head

Apply bandages to cheek

Com presses if necessary

Posture patient

Apply back splints

Ban dages

Cold compresses

Genera l treatment of shock

Trans port to his home

Sp(e d

Reso urce

Unity of squad of work

Instr uction by captain

AFTER-CARE AND NURSIN(,.

Preparat ion of bed

Receptio n of patient

L:ndress ing, and putting patient to bed

Han dling of patient

Preparat ion of patient for examination by doctor

Report to doctor

Co llecting and dressings

,\p plication of dressings (economical)

Ob jecti\'e, and ubjecti\"e symptoms

.\£le r nursing care

Ge neral appearance, and efficienc\'

HE\DQC,\RTER l\OTES.

It wa at a meeting of Council held at Prio ry House, on larch 2nd, that the Sub-Prior, the Earl of Plymouth, P.c., acting (In behalf of H.R.Il. the Prior, had appron;d the appointment of :\lr. 'orman Inglede\y, a part ner in the firm of I ngledew and ons, to succeed his late brothe r as Han. Solicitor, an immediate appointment to the vaca n cy ha\'ing be\.!n rendered ucsirable by the legal wu rk in\'o!\'cu ill the allocation of the grant received from the \rea Fund to\\'ard the acquisition of ambulance halls. It i vcry appropriate that the great work so ab ly undertaken by the late Hugh :\1. Ingledew, who responsible for the urafting of the original constitution of the Prior) and the mooth working of its technical machinery can be continued by one who has been in close aso ciation \\ itll him in Prior) mallers. :\11'. Norman lngledew \\ dS admitted to the Order in the grade of Ofllcer in 1933 as a Personal Esquire to hi · late brother, a Knight of ] ustice of th Order.

The appointments in the t. John Brigada approved by the Ambulance included the following medical nominations: Dr. Rhys Paton, as County urgeon, Carmarlh0ns hir e; Dr. H. \Valson as Corp Surgeon, Pontyclul1; Dr. A. B. Pugh as Dh'isional urgeon, Brynna and Llanharan; and .or. Mar) largaret t\lcKenzie Llewellyn, who by appOll1tme nl to the Penarth ursing Divi ion is following the exa mple by her father, Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, who ente red upon Brigade en ice in a similar capacity in 1914, an d now holds the important ollice of Commissioner for CarddT.

Sanction ",as given to the registration of the Llwydcoed and Duffryn Aman Cadet ursing 111 the Aberda.re Centre, where the membership of the Bngade equals 1 In 80 of the total p::lpulation of the Va lley.

!3rigade in Wales will be supplying a contingent for a rev Iew 111 Hyde Park to be inspected by Her Majesty the Commandant-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Dlvls lOns of the St. John Ambulance Brigade on Saturday 22nd. "

Plans for orgal:ising Cadet Camps during the coming sum mer were consIdered; and the Glamorgan Territorial Army Association's offer of the Hutments at Barry Island, over four hundred t. John Cadets enjoyed a week's holtday las t year, was gratefully accepted.

Colliery Ambulance News.

DURHAM, CLEVELAND AND WESTMORLAND AMBULANCE LEAGUE.

On Saturday, February 20th, the final senior and junior competitions were held at Durham, the judges being Dr. W. F. J. \Vhitley, :'Y1.0.H. for Northumberland, and Dr. W. Hudson, of Bedling-ton, in the senior event, and Dr. D. F. O'Kelly, of Boldon, and Dr. A. vVoodward, of Sunderland, in the junior tests.

;\lr. T. Greenland Davies, Chief Inspector of orthern Area, presided a t the presentation ceremony, supported by Mr. D. R. Brooks and \V. G. Grace, of i\.lessrs. Dorman, Long and Co., Ltd.; \V. Goodenough and P. Smallwood, of the Consett Irop Company

H. S. Scott, t\1r. W. \Vainwright and 1\1r. H. S. Stephenson, 1\1.1\1. Inspectors of :\lines; Mr. G. Watkin, of ;\lurton, secretary of the Leaguc; and 1\lr. VV. R. \Vilson, of Durham, the former secretary.

The Chairman regretted the absence of Col. Sir Frank Simpson, due to indisposition, and announced an alteration in one of the rules of the competition whereby in future two mem bel'S of a pre\'iously successful team will be permitted to compete instead of only one.

He also emphasised the importance of the danger of neglecting trivial injuries, and instanced three cases where lives were lost under these circumstances.

\Vainwright announced the results, \-"hich were :-

Seniors. -" Donald Bain" shield and gold medals, Dean and Chapter, 305 points; 2nd, Crookhall, 293 3rd, Cbilton, 282; 4th, l\lurton, 274; 5th, Eppleton, 271. " Heath" cup for stretcher work, Eppleton. "Dillon" cup, Chilton.

] uniors.-" Elizabeth Bain" shield, South 234 points; 2nd, •orth Skelton D, 231t; 3rd, Horden, 216; -ftll, Bowburn, 20-+ ; 5th, 0iortb Skelton C. 193t.

Mr. \Vatkin, before presenting the trophies, referred to the origin and history of the St. John 1\lovement and recalled that soon after Major Hutton visited the North and held lectures in 1881, first aid classes were soon established in the district.

Dr. \Vhitley addressed the competitors, drawing attention to errors made by them.

YORKSHIRE COLLIERIES AMBULAI CE LEAGUE.

As the result of the first round of the" vVood " shield competition, held at six centres on 1\larch 6th, the follo\\ ing teams ",ill compete in the semi-final round to be held on April 3rd :-.

Pontefract TO 1, Snydale, Fric1dey No.2, Sharlston \Vest A, Grimethorpe, 1\1altby 1\lain, Denaby 1\1ain No.1, Rossington Main '0. 1, \Vath lain, Barnboroug-h TO. 1 and No.2, Altofts \Vest Riding No.1, Primrose Hill No.1, Ardwarke and New Stubbin o. 1. Seventy-three teams competed

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers and Us

THE HOLl\ISIDE At\D SO TH MOOR COLLIERIES, LIMITED.

The annual inter-pit ambulance competition in connection with the above was held at South 1\1oor, on Saturday, February 27th.

Eight teams competed for the hand ome silver cup and medals presented by the Directors of the Company The Hedley Pit and Craghead Busty teams tied with 246 marks each, and an additional test was given by the adjudicators, Drs. ]. Russell and C. Bainbridge, with the r esult that Craghead Busty Pit were declared winners and Hedley Pit runners - up.

A public meeting was held after the competition, Mr. Ba il adler, l\Ianaging Director, presiding, when the awards ,,'ere made by I rs. Basil Sadler.

The members of the teams were as fo llows :Craghead Busty Pit.-]. Keers (captain), c. Colling"wood, ]. Riddle, J. Shambley. F. J. Keown (Resen·e). South l\loor Hedley Pit.-J. Simrson (captain), L. H Hardy, J Postle, E. Tuckerman. 1. Hutchinson (Reserve). The medal for the highest individual marks was won by \N Coulson, of the Craghead Surface team.

Hospi tals, N1I rsi ng, Midwifery and Public Health Exhibition and Conference.

THE 27th of the series v;as held at the New Horticultural Hall, vVestminster, from larch 1st to 5th. There were many exhibits of interest to first aiders-notably the Air Raids Precautions Section.

Here was depicted gas masks, protective clothing, models of aid and decontamination posts, and also how to prepare a refuge room, windov.·s, etc.

An air raid shelter was also exhibited by Buildings, Ltd., of Hoddesdon. This compriscd of an airlock entrance to the building provided with lockers, etc., and an air conditioning plant which contained actuated charcoal and other substances found in the Service container. The whole was constructed with corrugated iron which the builders suggest should be covered with earth to the thickness of 2 feet 6 inches.

Other exhibits in this section inclueled Phantomyst anti-gas apparatus and air-conditioning plant by Andre (Components) Ltd., of Putney; gas masks and protective clothing- by Siebe, Gorman & Co., Ltd , of Westminster Bridge-road, London, together with their "YandellHend(:;rson," "Novox," " Novita," &c., resuscitating outfits. An exhibit of Continental gas masks, protection for baby's cot, air-filtration and ventilating unit, by the Carrier Engineering Co., Ltd., of Buckingham Gate, London.

i\lessrs. Reckitt & Sons, Ltd., displayed their modern germicide, " Dettol," which has found so much favour with the medical and nursing services. ,. Dettol " obstetic cream and ., Dettolin" mouth wash and gargle were two other lines exhibited by this firm.

Pearsons i\ledol Ltd., exhibits inclu d ed aseptic ointment, which eliminates the charring, staining and irritating effects so frequently associated with iodine, but which is more potent than iodine and can be applied to exposed tissues.

Many books on nursing and allied subjects were exhibited on the stands of Messrs. H. K. Lewis & Co., Ltd., and Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.

The St. George's Hospital oxygen tent, manufactured by the Tor Equipment Co , Ltd., of Croydon, created a

great deal of interesl among visitors, a did a l so exh ibi ts of the BritIsh Oxygen Co., Ltd., which included the" Queen Cha rl otte's" gas air apparatu and the w II-known' 'Sparklel" r esuscitato r. ---

Coming Events.

Th e Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 forthcoming eve n ts for inclusion (free of cbarge) under this heading.

MARCH.

23 -Finchley Division, S.lA.B., ,\ nnual Dinner, King Edward' Hall, Finchley.

\PRIL

3 -Semi·nnal Round, Yorkshire Collieries "\\'eod" Shield Competition.

3.-No. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District, S.J \. B., Final Competitions, Brighton.

6.-Great vVestern Railway Final Competition, Paelding-ton.

6.-Southern Railway Final Competition, Cannon treet. I.-London and r\orth Eastern Railwa) L,roup Competition.

I.-Annual Dinner, Croydon Di\ ision, '.] \.8.

9.-Sl. John .-\mbulance Brigade, "Dc\\ar" anJ "Perrott" Shield Finals, Greal Central IIotel, Lonelon.

11. - Annual Competitions Special Cnn!>tahulary, Peel House.

H.-British Red Cross Society" Stank)" hielels Finab, \\'harnclifTe Rooms, London.

16.-L ondon, Midland and Scottish Railway Fin,tll oillpelition, Blackpool.

2t.-Final Competition" Sir William SIllith" Cup, Cily llf London Special Constabulary.

22.-Inter-Railway Shield Competition, \\·harnditll.! RI.IOIIlS, Marylebone, London.

24.-Final Round Yorkshire Collieries II Wooel" 'hielel Competition.

28.-Birthday Social outhgate Ambulance and outhgate and Finchley :N ursing- Divisions, Royalty fIall, outhgate.

28.-,\nnual Dinner, .\ddiscombe Division, S.] ,,\. H.

The Castleford Division of the Yorkshire Collieries i\mbu lance League held a dinner at Pontefracl, on Saturday, March 6th. Major H J. Humphreys, Doncaster, H.l\1. Divisional Inspector of Mines and Chairman of the League, appealed for wider interest in ambulance work

SOC I ALE V E N T S.- The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by pill'chasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for yOill' Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

Raz/way Ambulance News.

6reat Western.

CU;vll'ETITWNS .-The semi-final round of the Compa ny's competitions, which takes place thIS month, will the eight teams to contest posses ion of the Direc tors' Shield, "Carvell" Cup and prizes at the final com petition, which will be held in the General Meeting Ro om, Paddington Station, on Tuesday, April 6th. Th<.: al'j udicators will be Dr. '. J\lcCormac, of 1\ cwport, and OI. W. J. era wford, of Southall.

J!OU':\D O.\K.-},lL:mlJLrs ui tllL Round Oak ambulance cl< 5S hdd their allnual dinner at the Round Oak Steel vYo rks Social Club, on Fcbruary 9th, whcn 1\1r. A. J In "all, Assl. Di \. Supt., prcsided and presentcd examinatio n awards He congratulated the class on making 100 per cent. SUCC( ses c\'er since the year 1930, and referred to the recent honour bestowed on theIr secretary, Mr. R. H. Polc, by the Order of St. John of Jesusalem in hi .ldmi· ion as a 'erving Brother of th Order.

:lIHE. SHUHY. -T hc dl\ blUllal ambulance prcsenta1(,11 fill' cIa 'eS ill the Chester Di\ ision took place at hury on Fehruary 15th, the function taking thc iorm of a dinnl:r, whcll \1r. ]. R. Diy. Supt.. pres ided uyer a lar<fc ooathering- of ()fficers (J"Ul.'"ts and nC 1l1bcrs of the :-- Thl: of \\ a " ':\1r. F. R. Potter, uperinlcndent of the line, who made the IlrlS entat iOllS \ lan.!c numher of gold medals and bar · for 15, 20. 23 and 30 n:ar ambulancc ef6.cicnc\' \,-en j) "l sentcd in addition tl; tllC e.:-;.aminati()ll a \\ a rel.Pottc r abo hanckd the" Dr. Ll"C '" ChallengL Cup and the .j])r. Ilarn Oll" Cup to their rcspecti\ l: .\Ic -srs. _T. F. and C. II. Dorricott. ::\lr. \[I) rris said llll' -])i\ i:;inll contillued to mak atioidc lIJry -F3 1111'Il1hcrs haying gained awards ( thl. past sl".; i"ll, n whom -1-3 \\,crl' 6.rst year men, 'lIH I the () f <jualiflec! 1111.'11 in the Traffic Depart1 lln· \\'Cl" 22. :'lr. I),,[[cr said he had pl.r on nally taken a hI Cll intLTl'st ill till' 1l100'elllelll fur man\ ' Years. and "dc rred to the excclknt work carried (Jut b): it- mcmber III cong" rat111alL'd "\1r. \Torri" Oil hI recent admis ion til the Order oi :l. Jllhn ,lS a 'crving Brother, anli thanked \lr. J. .'\. 4\lartlll, Vi\. Secretary, fur hi lung- St;r\ ices to the m()vell1ent.

GI.Ol.'CESTER.-The Combinecl Amhulance

l o rps held <1. dinner at the Spread Eagle Hotel, 011 Feb ruary 27th, to celehrate its ih'er Jubilee. Mr. H. 'Yll liams, Div. Supt. and Prcsident of the Corps, preand \Va ' supported hy the Deputy Mayor (Mr. Matthews, T.P.), the City Memher (Mr. H. Leslie Boy ce) and a large- number of the Company's officers and SUpp orters of the ambulance mo\ emcnt. Mr. Williams \\ deo ming the guests. referred to the loss sustained by the in the resignation of its secretary, Mr. W. H. J. Dal11ell, who had acted in that capacity for a quarter of a cent ury. 11r. Leslie Boyce said that during the 25 years \If thc Corps' existcnce members had received 2,212 :1\\ ards f()r examination, in addition to 116 medals and har s for 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 years' efficiency. The two hl) lders of the 35 year awards were 1r. W H. J. Daniell an d Mr. C. T. Drinkwater. He complimented the Corps 111 having among its members three officers of thc Order III St. J oh11, five Serving Brothers and one holder of the

Vellum Vote of Ihanks uf the Order. A number of gold efficiency awards \\ ere presented by the Deputy who also handed the "Alice Whitley" Cup for exceptionally efficient first aid rendered during 1936 to Mr. J. II. Dee, and the "S. Morris" Cup to Mr. A. Symonds.

PLYMOUTII.- The Plymouth ambulance class celebratcd the success of the year's \-\' ork by an entertainment at the To\vn Hall , on February 20th, when Mr. E. Lake, Divisional Engineer, presided; Mrs Lake presented awards gained in the recent examination. Among the presentation were 9 gold medals, awarded by the Company for 15 years' first aid efficiency, and three gold bars for 30 years' efficiency Those present included Mr. E. W. Gould. Docks 11r. S. Pearson, Asst. District Traffic Manager and Mr. L. ::\10 rr is, Asst. Loco. Supt.

London, Mid land and Scottish.

The annual report of the L.::\I.S. Ambulance Centre fur the year ended June 30th, 1936, \Vas issued last month and contains thc following information:-

AWARDs.-Just oYer 8,000 first aid awards were !!,"aincd by mcmbers, the actual figure being 593 les than the previous year. This decrease is due, to a large extent, to the fact that many classes started late in the year had not held their examinations before June 30th. the year 466 teams entered thc District Competitions for men. Of this number 60 took part in the preliminary competition to select the nine team to compete in the Championships, Crcwe 'Yorks (::\lachine Shop) being again successful in carr) ing" urf the premier cl\\·ard. Crcwc al 0 \\'on the England y. Scotland International.

In the women's tests 19 teams competed, and a prelil11inan' round was held which resulted in two team from and t\\'o for London contesting the final. Glasgow "B" was the successful team. In the InterRailway Final, L.::\LS. teams were placed third and sixth. LONG SERVICE A w.\RDs.-Since the formation of the Centre, 2.758 Sen-icc Iedals for 15 years' service han becll awardcd; bars for 20 years ' ; 608 for 25 years; 202 for 30 years: 37 for 35 years, and 3 for 40 years Tn addition) 1,67-1- medals and bars havc been awarded L.M.S. employees in Scotland.

HoxouRs.-During the year recognition of ervices rendered han been awarded by the Order of St. John. The e h()nours include one Officer. 22 Serving Brothers, \\ hil t 11 members recei\'ed "cllum Votc of Thanks. GEjXER.\L Gilbert S. Hill, the enerO'etic General Ambulance Secretary, places on record the inva1uable help given by members of the 1edical Profession, the l10n. District Secretaries, District Committees, Class Secretaries ;lnd Instructors, and V,TeHare Supervisor. He alsl) voices thc appreciation of all mcmbers of the continued generous assistancc pro\'idec1 hy the Railway Company, and pays trihutc to the courte y _ hown and the assistance given by Official of the St. John Ambulance ssociation and the Priory for , ;Vales.

The TInal of the 1937 competitions will be held in the Winter Gardens, Blackpool, on Friday, April 16th.

FIRST

During the past month the District Competitions have been held, the winning teams going forward into the preliminary round of the champlOnship contest.

ACCRINGToN.-The annual presentation of prizes and awards was held on February 10th, over 100 railwaymell and friends being present. The first half of the evening was spent in playing whist.

In addressing the gathering, Mr. W. Maudsley congratulated the Accrington No.1 team on gaining the first place in No. 19 B District Ambulance Competition that day at Clitheroe, thus winning the .. Dean" Ambulance Shield for the fifth year in succession.

The prizes for the ,. Hayhurst " Ambulance Cup competition were presented to the winners by Mr. W. Mason, as follows :-lst prize and" Hayhurst " Cup, Mr. ]. S. Allan, C. and W. Dept.; 2nd, Mr. H. Eccles, Accrington 3rd, Mr. T. E. Savage, Traffic Dept., Huncoat; 4th, Mr. R. 'vVhalley, C. and W. Dept. A long service gold medal for 15 years service was presented during the evening to Mr. H. Haywood, of the C. and W. Dept., Colne.

HORWICH.-The distribution of awards for 1936 to members of the Loco. Works Ambulance Corps was recently made the occasion of a pleasant social function.

The presentations were made by 1\1r. D. Williamson, who offered his congratulations to the Machine Shop team on bringing the Shawcross JJ Cup back to Horwich.

Mr. ]. Rankin, chairman of the Loco. Corps, presided, and said it had been a very successful year. In :May a class of 14 had been formed under Dr. W C. Rigby, and 12 of these had passed. Under Dr. Bradshaw six had sat for vouchers, six for medallions, and 50 for labels, and there had been no failures. By winning the . Shaw cross " Cup the Machine Shop team had qualified for the final for the L.M.S. Shield.

The awards were :-St. John Honour: Honorary Serving Broth er ]. Woods; Long Service Gold Bars: J. E. England, P. Lee (35 years), E. Makin (30 years), G. Alcroft (25 years); 12 certificates, 6 vouchers, 6 medallions, 50 label awards.

london and North Eastern.

NORTH EASTERN AREA.

The 1937 District Competitions have now been held, the results being:-

YORK DISTRICT.-Six teams competed, York Police gaining the District Shield, which was presented to the winning team by Mr. F. E. Harrison (Asst. Engineer, York). Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presented a Long Servic e Gold Medal to Mr. J. H. Torevell, and a 20 years' Gold Bar to Mr. W. Poulter.

1\fIDDLESBROUGH DIsTRlcT.-Middlesbrough team were successful in winning the District Shield, which Mr. K. P. Walker (District Goods and Dock Manager, West Hartlepool) handed to them. Eight teams competed.

DARLINGTON DI STRICT.-Sheldon were placed first. The District Shield and Cup was presented by Mr. R. A. Smeddle (Works Manager, Darlington).

NEWC ASTLE DISTRICT.-Ni ne teams competed, on February 17th, at Gateshead. Tyne Dock "A" team were adjudged the winners and received the District Shield from Mr. L. Ballan (District Supt., Sunderland), who also presented the "George Jackson" Trophy to Newcastle Central team, the runners-up.

Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presented the Long Service Gold Medal to R. G. Armstrong, 20 years' Gold Bars to Messrs. J. Allison, J. Bradley, J. Watson, and 25 years' Gold Bars to F. Fox and G. W Tweddl e

LEEDS DISTRlcT.-Held at Harrogate, on February 27th, the Lady Mayoress of Harrogate, Mrs . H. Bolland, presented the District Shield and Cups to the successful team s Cross Gates team were placed first out of the 10 teams which competed.

HULL DISTRICT -Nine teams competed at Hull, on March 3rd, with the result that Hull East (Drypool) were placed first and received the District Shield from Mrs. J. S Harper

It has given great satisfaction to the ambulance members of the North Eastern Area to be able to record the encouragement which has been extended to a well known ambulance worker.

At an investiture of the Grand Priory of the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem, held in the Chapter Room, at St. John ' s Gate, London, on February 19th, His l\1aj esty the King was graciously pleased to sanction the admission of Mr. Matthew Harrison, Teemer, Blyth, as Serving Brother of the Order, the investiture being made by the Earl of Scarborough, Sub-Prior of the Order.

SOUTHERr AREA.

GREAT EASTERN SECTION.

During the first week of this month the preliminary round of the 1937 competition was held, with the result that Parkeston "A, " Bishopsgate .. B," March" A," Stratford Printing Works "A," Cambridge, King's Lynn and Parkeston " B Jl qualified to contest in the final compdltion, which was held on ·Wednesday, 17th, at Stratford. A report of the latter contest Will appear next month.

GREAT NORTliERN SECTIO:\.

The annual competition of No. 1 District (London) for the" Liddell Steel" Bowl was held on February 27th, when four teams presented themselves before Dr. J. Stanley Davies.

The result was :-lst, King's Cross Loco. (Shed). 190; 2nd, King s Cross District, 3rd, King's Cross Goods, 182; 4th, King's Cross Loco. (Shops), winning team, a130 successful last year, compnsed ot Messrs. T. Dickenson) R. Ockenden, H. Marriott, W. Sheen (captain) and R. Pickworth, will represent the district in the G.N. Section final competition.

Among those who witnessed the work done wa.s F. Warriner (District Supt.), Mr. J. F. Sparke (Dlstnct Loco. Supt.), M1'. W. J. Kirby, and others.

Mr. Sparke, in the unavoidable absence of }vIr. T. Smith (C.N. Centre Secretary), presided at the subs e: qucnt presentation ceremony and had the pleasure 01 presenting the trophy to a team from his own department. The chairman also proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. D avies and to 11r. H. \V. Harvey, District Secretary, who was responsible for the arrangements.

Dr. Davies gave a criticism and some comments on the work, and some useful hints for future reference.

No.2 District.-Ten teams competed in the District Compe titions, held at Liverpool Street, on February 19th.

Capt. F. E. Bendix judged the team test and Dr. J. Stanley Davies the individual tests.

The result was :- lst, Hatfield 1, 23M pomts; 2nd Tew England 1, 228!; Hitchin, 222.

At the conclusion of the tests, Mr. T. SmIth, Centr e Secretary, spoke generally of p:ogress of movement and complimented the DIstrIct on entenng ten teams. He also urged the necessity for further progress and stressed the fact that fresh recruits could best be won by the individual efforts of regular first aiders. He also took the opportunity of thanking the doctors for judging t h e competitions.

FIR ST

The District Shield was presented to the winning Learn by Mr. W. E. Green, District Secretary

The judges reviewed the work done by the teams, uw ing at the same time some practical and helpful advice. /:> No.6 District.-The West Riding competition took V1ace at Leeds, on Thursday, February 25th, when teams tro m Lofthouse, Ardsley Loco., Ardsley Shops, Leeds Le ntral, Dewsbury and Drighlington competed The judges were Dr. O . D . Ballinger, of Shipley, and Dr. A Anderson, of Leeds.

The result was :-lst, Drighlmgton, 265!; 2nd, Lofthouse , 3rd, Ardsley Loco., 247!,

The Officers' Shield was won by the Drighlington team , who will represent the District in the G N. finals, the ., Crowther" Cup by the Lofthouse team and the Read" Cup, for the best team in the team test, other than the first two teams, by Ardsley Loco. The competitlOn was witnessed by a large crowd including various District Officers of the Company, Station Masters and Agent s. Sir Ronald Matthews, G.l Centre President, presented the trophies and prizes and complimented the teams on the way the work he had seen had been performed. He also paid a tribute to the judges.

The G.N. Centre Secretary, Mr. T. Smith also came from London to witness the competition.

The Distnct Supt., .M r. D. Gracie, was the Chairman, and 1\1r. A. Brown, District Coods Manager, moved a vote of thanks to Sir Ronald Matthews, which was seconded by 1\.1r. D. C. Fletcher, District Loco. Supt. The arrangements were made by the District Amb. Secretary, Mr. F. Longbottom.

the last ten y ears 258 new members had passed through the W a terloo clas s. The ambulance movement was one that deserved every encouragement, and he once again desired to make it known that no effort would be spared by the Directors and Officers of the Company with a view to f u rthering the work. He paid tribute to the services of Dr. Duncan, who had been the lecturer to the class since its inception.

WIMBLEDON -The awards gained by the members of the Wimbledon class were presented by Mrs. Stanley Davies (wife of the honorary lecturer to the class), on the occasion of the annual concert) which was held at the William Morris Memorial Hall, Wimbledon, on Wednesday, February 17th.

Mr. Geer (Station Master, Wimbledon) occupied the chair at the presentation, and paid tribute to the efforts of Mr. Makepeace and the members of the Committee in bringing the class to such a successful conclusion. He stated it was unnecessary almost for him to emphasise the value of a knowledge of first aid to the injured. He had personal knowledge of the instances where not only had suffering been relieved, but life had been saved by members of the S R. Ambulance Centre in general, and the Wimbledon class in particular, and he had nothing but admiration for them in this connection. He wished those members of the staff who had not qualified could realise the real joy there was in being able to render assistance to a fellow creature suffering from illness or accident. The members of the class may rest assured that they had his full support.

Doctor Stanley Davies was the r ecip ient of a gift from the members of the class as a slight appreciation of all his help, and in reply he expressed his pleasure and thanks for the support which had been accorded him. He got unbounded satisfaction from lecturing to the Wimbledon class, and hoped that it would be his privilege to be associated with them for many years to come.

WATERLoo.-Thursday, February 11th, was a gala night at the Brunswick Institute, Vauxhall, when the members of the 'vVaterloo ambulance class and their friends attended on the occasIOn of the annual concert and presentation of awards.

11r. Gilbert Szlumper (Asst. General Manager), presided, and was supported by Mrs. Szlumper, Miss Szlumper and most of the Chief Officers of the Company.

During an interval in the concert, Mrs. Szlumper handed the a\vards to the successful candidates and was herself the recipient of a sheath of flowers from members of the class.

Mr. C. Hatch (Capt. of the Waterloo " A" team, which won the Inter-Railway Shield again in 1936) proposed, in a delightful little speech, a vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Szlumper for attending . Mr. Szlumper, in reply, stated that both he and Mrs. Szlumper had the ambula nce movement at heart, and were anxious to do every thing they could to further the work. They all knew the high standard which prevailed on the Southern, and it was a source of great satisfaction to the Directors and the Officers that a team from that (the Southern) during the last 16 years, secured the Inter-Railway Shiel d on 11 occasions. That was a record no other Comp any could approach.

It was worthy of record that since the Centre was for med in 1925 no less than 37,000 first aid a\vards had been issued. This was a very creditable figure, but the perce?tage of staff holding first aid qualifications was still not h1gh enough. It was the earnest wish of the Directors that the ambulance movement should progress, and he asked the Chief Officers and their departmental assistants to take a personal interest in bringing to the notice of those .for whom they were responsible the real value of first aid knowledge It was interesting to know that in

The District Competitions have been held this month and the two leading teams in Group 1 will compete in the final competition to be held on Tuesday, April 6th, at Cannon Street Station.

Metropolitan line (london Tran sport)

The annual competitions of the Metropolitan Line Ambulance Centre were held on Saturday, March 6th, when four teams competed for the Championship Shield. The judges were Capt. A. C. White Knox, M C., M.B., B.Ch. (team) and Capt. F . E. Bendix, M.R.C.S.) L.R.c.P. (viva voce). The individual tests were held on 1\farch 3rd, being judged by Capt. Bendix.

In the team test the teams were in the room where the accident occurred and actually witnessed it. It was the Club Dining Hall, where an electrician was at work fixing an extension to a lamp holder. The teams noticed a flash and saw the man fall from off a pair of steps. Everything they required was in the correct place in the building (the first aid equipment in the locker, hot water bottles, etc , in the rest room, hot and cold water, tea, etc., from the canteen), and had to be fetched by the members or by the manageress, excellently undertaken by 1\li s Kean. Miss Cairns was the rest room attendent. Inj uries to be treated included burns of the eyes, fractured clavicle, sprained right wrist, fractured left patella, br uise on forehead and shock.

The viva voce test was to describe and demonstrate how a tournequet could be improvised, whilst the individual dealt with a man who had slipped from a pair of

steps and sustained fractured ribs, and wound on back of hand.

1\1r. George Hally (Operatin?; lVlanager) presided aL the subsequent presentation mecting and welcomed Mr. ]. P. Thomas (General Manager, L.P.T.B. Railways), Mr. and Mrs. Rawdon-Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Morkill and others

The chairman announced the results which were:1st, No.4 team (captain, G. vVa1dock); 2nd, No. team (captain, W. Edwards); 3rd, No.2 team (capta111, W. Hughes). Individual: 1st, Harden ( o. 2 team); 2nd, W. Hughes (No.2 team); 3rd, A. Stokes (No.3 team).

The Championship Shield and individual prizes were presented by Mrs. Morki11.

Mr. Thomas, in a short speech, saId It was a pnvllege Lo be present to witness the work done He wished cyery success to the movement.

Capt. White Knox referred to the work done and pointed out where mistakes had

During 1936 this Centre obtamed 151 awards 111 first aid 6 o'old medals for 15 years' service, 2 gold bars for 20 and one bar for 30 years. During the year ended September 30th, 1936, 2.271 cases were treated.

M. & G.N. Joint.

The Ambulance Shield Competition of the aboye committee was held at King's Lynn, on Thursday, February 25th, when four teams competed. Dr. \V. Benton) of London, was the judge, and the following te ts \",ere sct. o. 1 had to deal with a man suffering from a reYoh'e r wound in the right chest; 1 o. 2 had to give the of asphyxia and the treatment; as. 3 and 4 had a pat1ent \\'ho had cut his right foot whilst bathing; and o 5 had to classify certain poisons, state if emetics should ?e given, and give the treatment for presumably strong aCId. The team test was set near a station on which the team were waiting for their train due in 15 minutes. The day was very hot and teams observed an elderly carpenter fall from thc roo f of a bungalow to Lhe ground. The patient, on examination) was found to be uncons.cious and suffering from sunstrokc, wound of left brachlal artery and burst varicose vein.

At the presentation which followed thc tests, Capt. W. Goodley, M e. (Centre Secretary). introduced. Col.

H. H. Maudlin (Supt. of the Eastern SectIOn and of the Centre) and Mrs. tIaudlin. Others 111cluded Mr. G. Sutcliffe (District Supt., Cambndge) and Mrs. Sutcliffe, Mr. H. R. Statham (District and Passenger Manager Norwich) Mr. ]. P. Alhx (D1stnct Goods and Passenger Manager, Cambridge) Mr. e. P. Parker (District Engineer, Cambridge), and Dr. K. F. Lund.

The result was announced by the secretary as follows:

1. Sheringham, 301; 2, :YIoulton, 286; 3, Norwich, 278; 4, Cromer, 254.

Col. Maudlin expressed his great pleasure 111 be111g President of the Centre, and also his regret that Mr. R. B. Walker, the late president, and Mr. Goff, t he ecretary were unable to be He referred lO. t.he Centre's success in the past m thelr work, competItlVe and otherwise, and the speaker ment.ioned .that a team representing the Centre obtained fif t h place 111 the Railway Final. He hoped that the work would eont111ue and lncrease as time went on.

Mrs. Maudlin presented the shield an.d prizes.

Mr. Sutcliffe thanked Dr. Benton for h1s good serV1ces to which the doctor replied, giving criticisms on the work done.

AID.

Capt. Goodley, ill the course of his remarks sugo'csted that Lhc shicIc! and cup compelilion should be and in f ulurc be g'ivcn for individual marks.

S.J.A. B. Overseas.

NE\V SOUTH WALE.

We have receiv ed a "ery interesting letter fr0111 Supl. ,\. ]. \Vingat e of the Goulburn District :\l11bulancc Sen The Sen'ice covers a radiu of 130 miles, 5 Itll10USll1e ambulances - each capable of com eying three stretcher cases and two sitting patients -a nd are filteu wiLh the latest appliances, including the modified "Thoma " splint, resuscitating outfit, hot and cold water and l)ther surgll.:al requirements.

The staff consists of a and 5 permanent officers assisted by 22 volunteer dri\ 'e r bearer'. The work includes all accident ca es, transport of illness -i nfectious or otherwise, maternity, convale cent, etc. The ollic rs are trained in first aid, home nur ing, hyg-iene, fumigation, prematernity, camp anitation and running motor repairs, in addition to esecuti\'e and financial organisation. \ permanent officer must sen'e 3 year on the ,olullteer "talT before being appointed and further years of sen'ice before gaining promotion..

The Goulburn statIon, \\ hleb cost £,4,000 c;.;cluSI\·l! of vehicles, is kept up hy annual. ub,.,cription and I aym nl fM

FIR

S T

gate's letter but unfortunately it IS not possible to publish it in full. We do, however, thank our correspondent from Overseas for his most interesting letter and hope for further letters from readers abroad.

01r. Wingate would lik e to correspond with Superintemlents of Di,isions at home to exchange views on ambul,u1Ce work. The Editor will be pleased to furnish Mr. \ri ngate's address to those interested.

RTIODESIA.

During Deccmber, 1936, examinations were held on fOUf occasions, the result being seven lad ies gaining advanced IIrst aid ;-tnd home nursing awards, three fir t aid certificates ;-tnd t\\'o preliminary c<'rtificaLes, whil t ten men gained (lLhance d fir t aid awards and five the certificate.

Upl. G. W. Chase, of the C mlali Di\ ision, in his ;-tnnual report on the work of hi di"ision for the year ended Dl!cel11ber 31st, 1936, stated that in 1,O+f instances first aid \\'.IS renderl:d, public duties "'cre Glrried out regularl)" and that there was one request fora blood tranfusion. Reterring to naLi\'e classes ;\lr. Chace reports that tudents take their instruction, en serit'llsh', and instanced occasions when their knowledge had been pu't to practical u e.

:'Ilel11bers of the aIisbury ,\mbulance Di"i ion who facilitate d the careful of a slretcher case into an ambulance. il1\'oh ing diOiculties, have received a message of thanks. ._.----

The :'IIaY0r of L wi ham, Councillor J. Hetherington, preented the award to members of the Lewi ham Di\'i ion, S. J.:\. B., at a CL)\lc\.:rt held on February 24th.

Col. C. ]. Trimhle \'is itcd Colne, on Fehruary 11th, and presentL'd sen ice mellal and bars to members of the Brig-ade, also .\. R. P. certificate

• E

HallIe; Di\'ision, S.J. :\ . B., held a concerl on :unda)" ,\Iarch 7th, at lhe Regent Theatre. "\ large audience was present and the di\'isional fund should benellt to a considerab le extent.

"Will it Slnart?"

N 0' it won't smart. Not if it's Sphagnol peat ointment . For Sphagnol is soothing and cooling from the very fi r st touch. The secret is the antiseptic peat distillate which you only find in Sphagnol. Always carry a tin with you when you're on duty. Of all dressings Sphagnol is • to the skin.' Sphagnol costs 1/3 and (extra sIze tlI1) 2/ 6. In case of difficulty write tv

Goulburn Ambulance Station.

rendered. A person subscribing 10 6el. per year is entitled to free service for self and dependents. The calls attended during 1936 totalled 5,432, milage CO\ ered being 57,834.

The Goulburn Section is bUl one of the 64 districts covered by the New South Wales Ambulance TransporL Service, which last year attended about 750,000 calls and travelled one and a half million mites.

Referring to the s ubj ect of "Laymen Lectures," Wingate, who is also Superintendent of the Goulburn Division, S.].A. B Overseas, writes" when it comes to the p.-actical work the trained service officer is the better man to demonstrate the application."

1\1r. Wingate is also of the opinion that the subject of Asepsis is not impressed enough upon the student, and emphasises the importance of washing and scrubbing of hands and the use of clean dressings.

Many other interesting items are included in Mr. Win-

The ollicers of the r\ orthern Area of Derby hire, S.] \. B., held their fir t :'lIe s dinner on Friday, February 19th. :'Ilr T. \\Tell, Chief Can table of Chesterfield the ' itrst preSident, presided.

3' E

The annual supper and social evening of the Southbourne Di"ision, .] .A. B., was spent on larch 4th. The <l\\ ards gained at the examination "'ere presented to the men and cadets during the evening.

The annual dinner and social of the Bedminster Divisio n, No.1 Bristol Corps, S.lA.B., was held on February 24t h, when it was announced that the Division was the first in the Corps to take an J\. R. P. course. ::!I

Eighteen competitors took part in the annual individual com petition of the Peterborough Centre, S.lA. A., held on Sun day, February 21st. Drs. F. C. 10rO'ar. and D. Wjf o Son Judged the tests and awarded fir t place to C. R. Bullard, of \tVest,vood Works.

Peat Products (Sphagnol) Ltd., Dept. F.1., 21, Bush Lane, London, E.C.4.

READY FOR USE IN TEN SECONDS!

From this handy dressing strip you ca n cut any length of dressing required. on an elastic adhesive base, the antiseptic gauze (medicated with bls m u th subgallate 2-3 per cent.) runs the whole length. NO BANDAGING REQUIRED S ze , It n. x I yard , 1/3 each. S ze 2t n. x I yard , 1/9 each. Size, 3 in. x , yard , 2/- each. From all

DRESSING

ADAM, ROUILLY

Human Articulated & Disarticulated Skeletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pelves & Fretal Skulls, Upper & Lower Extremities, Feet, Hands & Loose Bones of every description. Anatomical Models & Wall

O u r Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

1\0. 1 DISTRICT, S.].A.B.

Representatives of f\ur ing Divisions of the five Areas of o. 1 District met at the Torthampton In titute, Clerkenwell, on Saturday, February 27th, to decide tIle winners of the \ arious trophies.

The results were :-

" MacFadden. "-1, Harrow, 292-1; 2, Temple, 27-+! ; 3, Hampstead, 252!; -+, East Croydon and Addiscombe, 228i ; 5, East Ham, 222.

3' e FINClILEY AD OUTHGATE RSING DI\·ISION - This Division held a most enjoyable dance on Saturday. February 27th, at Fricrn Barnet Church Hall. ,\mbulance onicer till well acted as 1'11. c., and the 111 u ic was provided by the leltonians Band.

District Olncer and Irs. G. C. Green, Div. Surgeon Dr Reid, Div. Supts. Taylor and Collins were among the company of over 150 who spent ajolly time.

"

l\Iountgarret."-1, Civil Sen ice, 90; 2, Finchley and Southgate, 69; 3, East Ham, 66i; -+, South 1\1etropolitan Gas Co., 58t; 5, Harrow, 57!.

" Brooks'" Efficiency.-1, Ealing, 105 ; 2, Finchley and Southgate, 101 ; 3, East London, 89; of, East Ham, 81; 5, East Croydon and Addiscombe, 78.

Harrow Nursing Division will now represent the District in Brigade Finals for the" Perrott" Shield.

DAGE:\HAM N URSI TG DI\ ISION.-The 8th annual dinner of this division was held on 1arch 6th. Lady Div. Supt.

1iss E. Swann presided, supported by Capt. \V. Goodley, M. c., Commissioner, and Mrs Goodley, Asst. Commissioner Capt. F. E. Bendix and l\Irs. Bendix, Councillor Irs. L. F. Evans, J.P., Chairman, Dagenham U.D.C., Lady District Supt. Miss ·Walker, District Officer Haines and Irs. Haines, Lady District Officer 1\1rs. Morrish, Dr. H. Wyers and Mrs. Wyers, Nursing Officer Miss Kekwick and officers from neighbouring divisions.

Capt. Bendix, proposing the toast of the Division, said they had a wonderful superintendent who was a loyal and efficient member of the Brigade and who was doing all she could to further the work. Miss Swann was supported by a large number of members who all had the same ideas Unfortunately, owing to professional calls, the division had been robbed of the services of Dr. Wyers who had rendered great assistance in !-he past. Capt. Bendix assured the division that their work ,vas highly satisfactory and paid tribute to the services of 1iss Kekwick.

Miss Swann, in reply, said that the work of the division could not, and would not, have been successfully carried out had it not been for the loyalty, sacrifice and support of the members. So long as the Eight-pointed Cross existed so would the virtues and qualities of charity, chivalry and service remain.

Miss M. Pomeroy proposed cc The Visitors," especially welcoming the Commissioner after his illness.

Captain Goodley briefly replied and paid tribute to the loyalty and service of the members of the division.

1rs. Evans also replied and said how pleased she was to be present. She could think of no greater work than that carried out by members of the Brigade, which was, as she had said on other occasions, a religion in itself.

cc The Chairman" was proposed by Mr. T. O. Mein The work of the division was, he said, based on all that was best and highest in the Christian faith

A course of lectures for women on First Aid to the Injured will commence on Monday, April 4th, at King George Hospital, Five Elms, Dagenham. Lecturer will be Capt. F. E. Bendix; fee 3/ 6d., including examination. Further particulars can be obtained from M i5s Swann, 23, Henley-road, Ilford, Essex.

No.3 (EASTER) DISTRICT, J.A. B. Kettering Headquarters Nursing Division held itS annual competitions for the " r. J. Clark" Cup (home nursing team work), the " 1\ \. Thorntom " Cup (first aiel team work), and the "E. Smith" Cup (individual \\'ork), on Thursday, February 4th.

There were four teams competing, and the judges were Dr. Summers (first aid), ister Fox, General Hospital (home nursing, bedmaking, etc.) and Pte. \V. JIewitt (individual work).

The winning- team was composed of Ambulance .'i ters L Walls (leader), F. Lawrence, R. 'pencer. The individual cup was won by Amb ' i ter G. Ste\ enson.

The Division held its annual social in the Lahour Institute, on Saturday, February 6th, when th rc were about 150 present, 'A ho thoroughly enjo\'ed the programme of games and dance arranged for their amu ement.

No 3 (WESTERN) DISTRICT, S. J. A. B. COMPETITION AT \VoRcESTER.-Three teams entered for the annual competition for the "Da\ ies" Cup, open to Divisions in South \Vorcestershire.

Dr. C. Petvin Porter acted as judge, and placed the teams in the following order :-1, Malvern, 1921 marks out of a possible 230 ; 2, Droitwich ; 3, Worcester.

Dr. Porter asked the competitors to remember that the essential difference between an examination and a competition was that in the former certain questions \,, ere asked of which they had knowledge of given fact, whilst in a competition test such as the one that had been given that afternoon, that knowledge had to be applif'd.

0.4 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B. Lancashire, Cheshire, Cumberland and Westmorland were represented in the competitions open to Nursing Divisions in No.4 District, which were held at Heywood on Saturday, February 20th.

The results were :-

Individual Home Nursing Test. - 1 and Lytham Vase, Miss E. Timm (Burnley), 2 and Lancashire Cup, tie between Miss Bassett (Blackburn) and Miss Lawrenson (St. Annes), 3, Mrs. Rothwell (Todmorden), 4, Black (SL. Annes).

Girl Cadets' Squad Competition.-1, tie between Bury A and Preston; 2, Bury B ; 3, Rochdale.

Girl Cadets, First Aid and Home ursing.-1 and Challenge Shield, Birkenhead Central; 2 and Trimble Cup, tie bet veen Todmorden and Preston.

Over 200 nurses, members of St. J ohn V.A.D. in Cheshire, paraded at Dukinfield on Saturday, February 20th, and were congratulated on their efficiency by the

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SMAE I STITUTE LEATHERHEAD

in spect i ng ...,fficers, Co lo n el J oh n son, Colone l Leyla nd O rto n a n d Co one l Oakes.

T he inspecti n g officers w ere gi \'en a c ivic r ecept ion at the T own Hall by the M ayor who was accompanie d by the l ayoress. T hey afte r wards proceeded to the Co u nc il S choo l where 1\ l rs Tweedale, the Assistant County Co nt r oller, was i n command. The salute wa so u nded by membe r s of the vVelJington St r eet Boys' Brigade Band, w ho also played for the march past.

Keen interest was h own in the competitions for h ome nu r si n g and first a id, and in a n anti-gas demonstrat ion stage d i n o n e of the c lass rooms.

T he c h a ll enge c u p for the best disp lay of home nursing was won by a team from Port Sunlight, Du kinfield being runners - up. In the first aid test, Dukinfie ld gained fir t place

Among the onlooke r s were Colonel Challoner, Lady Counly Office r Dr. G. ;\ 1. Brice, W illiams (Pres id ent of the talybridge Nursing Di\ ision), 1\£rs. G Hinc h cliffe and l r. H. R yder (Vice - Presidents of the Dukinfield Tursing D iv is ion), Cr. an d :\ rs. C. 1 • Fitton, Ir s. H. D B ri ce, M r H R yder, Mrs. T Clayton, lr. <lnd l\ lrs. Bridge, and :'I1iss H. B r ice.

No. 9 D ISTRICT, S.].A. B.

Competin!! in the Deyon County competitions held at the Public Hall, Paignton, on February 20th, a team from Paignton 1\ ur ing Division-Lady Ambulance Officer ;\1i s Garland, Ambulance Sisters l\ I iss Golding, 1iss Hopper and I rs. Sarson-were again awarded first place. Four teams entered and ", ere awarded the following marks ;1, Paignton, 323 58 ; 2, Barnstable, 313 5 '8, 3, Torquay, 2 2 5/ 8 ; 4, Exeter, 270 5/ 8.

Paignton gained another victory in the bed making test with 58 points. The individual competition was won by :\1rs. Inch of Exeter. For the bedmaking, Paignton received the cc Shillitoe" cup, and :\lrs. Inch gained the " Vick" trophy

Paignton and Barns t able will now compete in the District Finals at Exete r on March 20th.

This was the first time the 1 ursing Divisions had had the oppo r tunity of competin!5 for the trophY!5iven by Lord Mamhead, who also presented a sh ield to the winners of the team test.

T hose actin!; as judges were Dr Sawdon (first aid), Dr. Winifred Heal (after-care), Dr. R Gray (indiv idual) , Sister Butler, I atron of T orbay Hospital, an d Miss Q uarmby, l\1atron of Dartmouth Hospital (be d -making).

Dr. Sawdon, commenting on the work of the competitors, said that it was excellent. The test was a little too simple, and led some into forgetting small th ngs that in the or d inary way they would have r emembered

Dr Gray also gave a good report of the efficiency of t h e ent r ants, and pointed out the necessity of aski n g q u estions.

T he other judges also expressed satisfaction with the work of the teams.

T he prizes were presented by Mrs. Spanton, to whom Co u nty Officer G W . Hingston proposed a vote of thanks . Repl ying, on her behalf, Mr. Spanton, Chairman of the Paignton Council, said that winning shields was not the o nl y work they had to do. They in Paignton knew that t h ey co u ld count on a p r ompt r esponse in a ll cases of eme r gency, and ha d come to look upon the B r igade as a ve r y im p o r tant part of the essent ia l public services in that tow n. Lad y Corps Supt. Miss Wood exp r esse d thanks to Lo r d Mamhea d , Lady Supt. Miss Whitehead (Paig n ton Nurs ing Divis ion), a nd also to the judges and stewards.

A n un us u a l sce n e was prese n ted in the S he ll ey H a ll , S hewell Congregatio n al Church, 011 Saturd ay, F eb r uary 20th) an d so rea l istica ll y were "accidents" staged t h ere,

AID.

t h at it was diffi c ul t to r ea li se t h at t h ey we re mere ly ar r a n ged fo r th e pu rpose of B ri gad e co n tests i n first ai d a nd h ome nur s i ng. Fi ve tea m s co m pe t e d , t h e m a rk s ga i ned be in g ;-1, Pl ymo u t h Cent r a l, 32 4 2, S h erwe ll , 32q; Pl ymouth Cooperative, 307.

Cou nt y S ur geo n a nd Ir s. vVard de erved p r a ise tor the manne r in wh ic h they ar r ange d t h e settings

Co l. vVar d an d Si ster H Han ey judged the team test, a nd D r. N ora h Goodbody the n d iv id u al.

Th e p ri zes were presented by t h e Lady I a),oress, rrs.

Litt leto n , a nd , i n introduci n g he r , County Commis ioner

1\1r H ed ley Mi ll er sa id her presence gave civ ic recognition to the wo rk the amb ul ance sisters wer carrying out.

;\ lr . L itt leton, who was presented with a hook dea ling w ith present-day acti\'it ies of the Order of St. J ohn, expre ed a dmir atio n of t h e ambu a n ce \-vode

A comprehens i\ e vote of thanks was proposed by 1\l r". Beckly, A rea Vice-President, who said that if she had her life o\:e r h e would orfer herself a s a cadet.

No. 10 DISTRICT S. J .A B.

In the Suffo lk ount)' Compet i tion s open to Tursing D ivisions, held at Ipswich on Saturday, February 20th, Dr. Faulkner v' Tright, as isted hy Dr. J. F. C. IIossrlck, act ed as judges.

There were three entries, and \ir Duties Di, iion ",as suc,:essful in winning first place Ipswich :\ I ok d came secund, and Aldeburgh third.

The winning team \\ as pr sented with a Cup hy Lad ,: Dist r ict Superintendent Ii s Porter.

DEVON COUNTY COM PETITTO s, B. R. C.

The first aid tests for the annual count) were set at the Drill Hall, Exeter, on \\' ednesdav, Fehru,u 24th, when members of the B.R.C ... from all-o\'erDe\ O;l competed.

The results were ;-

First Aid and Home Nursing.-1, Ta\,jstock (Devon 10), 838t; 2, Plymouth (Devon 8) 814 ; 3, Torquay (Devon 22), 798.

Cooking - 1, Tavistock (Devon 10), 40 ; 2, Plymout h (Devon 8), 401t ; 3, Seaton.

T he Dowager Lady Amory, County President, presid ed and referred to the keen interest taken by :\lrs. Edward 5 wife of the County Director, in Red Cross \\'ork in De\ on They were particularly grateful for the new trophy she ha d given

D istr ibuting the awards, Dame Beryl Oliver congratulated the Tav istock detachment on its successes and expre se d the hope that she would see this team in the finals in London

KENT V A. D.

On Satu r day, February 13th, Colonel the Marques s Camden, G C. V 0., Lord Lieutenant of the County of Ken t, took the chair at a B R C S. meeting held at Beckenham a t which the Ma r chioness Camden, C. B. E., President of Ken t V A. D., presented gained by Kent 86 and 88. Th e former detachment won the "Camden" Shield and wer e congratu lated on doing so after being seventh last yea r , an d t h ird for each of the two p receedi n g ones. The latter wer e awa r ded the Kent Cup for having made the greatest progres s du ring the past year.

After a n i n spect io n of the detachments on para d e, th e A n n u a l Co u nty Re port was read by Assistant Co u nty Cont r oll er Miss Batten, O. B. E.

D ame B e r yl Olive r a d dressed the parade and emphas ise d the nee d for ant i-gas traini n g. If another wa r were to tak e p l ace, po ison gas wo uld n ot be the on l y danger. T he ) wo ul d a ll have to k n ow how to ave r t and dea l with pa n ic.

Th e n fo ll owe d the p r ese n tatio n of bars, badges an d ce r t ificates, a nd votes of tha n ks to La d y Camde n th e C h a ir ma n

TH E HOUSEHOLD PHY SICIAN

A few of the Subject s treated : -

First Aid

How to Treat Accidents

Influenza, Colds, etc.

Measles, Mumps

Treating Diseases by Water

" Herb" Root and Salt Remedies.

Corns and Warts

Dieting for Disease

Treatments for Beauty

Physical Culture

Exercises for all Purposes

W hat to Do in Emergencies

Treatment for all Skin Diseases

How to read Symptoms

The Lungs

Pleurisy

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

T he Principles of Nursing

Invalid Cookery

Surgical Diseases

Brain and Nervous Diseases

Diseases of Old Age

Diseases of Infancy

T he Principles of Phrenology

Shingled and Bobbed Hair

Diseases of Hair and Head

Adenoids

The Diseases of Men, Women

Send Coupon or postcard for ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET FREE and Childr en, THE IR C A US E AN D TR EA TM ENT, with comp lete ins t ructions on F irs t Ai d, th e scien ce of hygiene, etc

The 500 illustra tions and full-p age Plates and th e A n atomi cal Models showing the Org ans of the H uman Bod y exa ctly as th ey o v erlay each other makes t he reading ma tte r more easily under s tood.

THE YOUNG WIFE and the experienced m a rri ed wo ma n will find all they want to know m ade clear.

MOTHERS w ho w is h their dau g hters to develop n at u rally will find exa ctly t he teachin g they need.

WOMEN OVER 40 wi ll fi nd their difficulties r egarding h ealth frankly d is cu sse d.

T here are hu n dr ed s o f subj ects of v alue in all. The muscl es , tee th, digestion, h air, fo od v alu e, Ju-Ji ts u, phrenolo gy . How to dia g nose di sease, fro m appe arance of head, face, t o n g u e, throat, chest, perspiration, etc

Sleep, Beds and Bedding

T he Eye, the Ear

The Throat, the Nose

The Chest, the Heart

The Stomach, the Liver

The Teeth, the Muscles

I nfant Welfare

The Expectant Mo t her Happy Motherhood

Homrepathy

Neurasthenia

Anatomical Models

Family Medicine Chest

375 Prescriptions , etc., etc.

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUN D R EDS RECEIVED

" I have g aine d in each of the 8 test exam" Very pleased and delighted with same. They are inati o ns t h e knowl e dge of wh ich I a ttribut e to writ ten and explained so plainly that I am sure everyone your vo lum es, I have yet to mee t my defea t in A M B ULAN C E who stud ies them must understand, and, again, the IlIusEXAMINATIONS " tratio ns are so true that anyone who had no « I am deligh te d w ith C The Househ old Physi cian,' and as know le dg e at all about the particular disease the I am an ambulance man, can apprecia te th e m to thei r full est di a gr am illustrates, would surely recognise it when

Q u er ies and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under th e following rul es:r. -Letters containing Queries must b e marked on the top eft hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addr essed-FIRsT A ID 46, Cannon.street, London E. C. 4.

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Q ue ry Co u pon" cut from the current issue of the Jou rn al , or , i n case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which re!eren ce may be made in this column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S. J. A.A Manual of First Aid.

POISO ING BY CREOSOTE.

S. F. (Hungerford).-\Ve shall be glad if you will tell us the correct treatment of a patient who has drunk a quantity of Creosote. Is Creosote a corrosive or an irritant poison?

Creosote is obtained by the distillation of beech tar. It has the same action as Carbolic Acid and cases of poisoning are treated on the lines set out for poisoning by Carbolic Acid on p. 175 in the Textbook. Burns of the skin should be treated by bathing with rectified or methylated spirit which dissolves out the Carbolic Acid.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAr.IINATION HO\\'LER.

G. C. (Surbiton) -At a recent examination a candidate was asked how he would decontaminate personnel. He excited much amusement when he replied: "Pttl them t'n in a bin and put the lid on quick I"

Good Next, please! !- N.C.F.

FRACTURED ARM AND BLEEDING PALM. (Leyland).-In the December issue of FIRST AID reference is made to an indiyidual test in which a man has to _, be treated for a wound of the palm of the right hand and a fracture of the right humerus in the middle third. 0 detailed marking sheet was given and we shall be grateful if you will tell us how such a patient should r be treated.

(1) vVe discussed the test at our Divisional Headquarters recently, and two methods were suggested. First, seat patient and loosen his clothing so that you can get the patient to compress his subclavian artery and arrest the bleeding while the operator dresses the wound, treats the fracture, and supports the upper limb in a small arm-sling. Secondly, seat the patient and get him to apply pressure on the radial and ulnar arteries while the operator dresses the wound, treats the fracture, and supports the upper limb in a St. John sling.

(2) As the patient has loss of power in thlO: upper limb, would it be best to treat the wound with fingers straight or in the manner described in the Textbook on p. 107 and in Fig. 58?

(1) The reference to the test is incomplete since the variety of wound and of fracture is not named. Further, from its character I have reason to believe that this was a

A I D.

test for two bearers and not for one, as the mem of your Division apparently imagined when they disc u sse d its correct so l ution.

Though no reference is made to the degree of shock present, it is reasonable to suppose that a patient with the injuries named (which we will accept as a wound with arterial bleeding and a simple fracture) might faint or develop a greater or less degree of shock at any moment. Consequently, it would not be good first aid to expect him to compress his subclavian (I cannot imagine such a patient doing this !) or his radial and ulnar arteries.

Clearly the more serious injury from the first aid viewpoint is the bleeding palm, which demands priority in treatment. One bearer, therefore, would compress the radial and ulnar arteries while the other would treat the wound as laid down in the Textbook, as far as the hand is concerned. This done, the bearers would combine to control the fractured humerus with splints and bandages, after which they \vould complete their job by supporting the upper limb in a St. John sling for the reason given at the outset of my reply.

(2) I cannot appreciate what loss of power has to do \-vith the position of the fingers in the treatment of arterial bleeding from the palm. Of course, you would treat in the usual way, which allows better control of the hremorrhage by reason of the relaxation of the strong layer of fascia in the palm.-K'".C.F.

INJURY TO SPL EE:\' BY FRACTURED RIBS.

G. F. H. (Broomsgrove).-In a discussion as to the organ s which may be damaged following injuries to the ribs one member of our Ambulance Class maintains that the spleen could not be so injured because of its po ition. He supported his statement by producing an anatomical chart which showed the plccn just abo\'c the pelvis.

From Fig. 30, on page -1-9 of the Textbook, I gather that the spleen is placed behind the false rib and so may be injured as the r('sult of fractures of those ribs.

vVe should be grateful if you would soh'e this problem for us and we thank you in anticipation of your kind hel p.

The spleen lies along the 9th, 10th and 11 th rib on the left side. In Fig. 30 on page -1-9 of the Textbook only the lower tip of the spleen is 110\\'n. The main bulk of the organ lies ab07.·e and behind the point marked" 10" in the diagram.

The spleen, therefore, may be wounded following fractures of the lower left ribs. This fact is pointed out on page 64 of the Textbook.-N.C.F.

l\IEDDLESOME IRST AID.

C. M. (Harrogate).-The attached newspaper cutting is taken from the Yorkshire Post of February 11 tho There is a lesson to be taught therefrom consequent on the alleged desire of the ambulance man's desire" personally to give an anaesthetic.)) This, in my opinion as an old Brigade surgeon, is not to be encouragoo and constitutes what you so rightly stigmatise as Meddlesome First Aid. Herewith the cutting :--

"Ambulance men meet with some queer adventures.

A speaker at the West Yorkshire ambulance competition for railwaymen, which was promoted in Bradford yesterday, proved this by telling the story of a Cleckheaton young man and an adventure which he met with when holidaying at Bridlington last year.

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"The young fellow was cruIsing on a pleasure steamer in the bay when a passing trawler bound for Iceland signalled that a eaman on board had met with an accident and a k d if a qualified first aid man could be sent aboard.

"The lad from Cleckheaton volunteered and went aboard the trawler to find that one of the men had crushed a finger. 'It will be a painful job for the man and I shall have to an anre thetic,' he to ld the captain

" The captain said he had no ana:sLhetics \\ 'iL h him and was aL a loss what to do. Suddenly he had a brainwave. \Valking up to the injured seaman he struck him on the jaw with a sledge-hammer fist and then told the Cleckheaton lad to carryon.

" He made a success of the job, but if that's the kind of local anresthetic they ha\'e at Bridlington not many people will require first aid there ."

Many thanks for your letter and news cuttillg Of co urse I agree wholeheartedly with criticism and conclusions. -1.C.F.

A 10.

Myself: "But there is no ice kept there."

R ecruit: "Tlzen tlze luz7.'resac /s /lui l'qu'-pped. "

Good! N xt, plea. e ! !-N. C. F.

TREAnlEt\T OF FRJ\CTURED

A. H. (Yarmoutb).-In the treatment of Fracturc of IIul1leru,> close to the shoulder we arc told on page ()8 of the Textbook to apply a bandage round limb and body and then to apply a small arm-sling.

When tile fracture is ncar the middle of tbe shaft and there are no splints available the instructions on page 69 of the Textbook are that the arm shall be secured to the side by !\\ \) broad bandages. In this casL' hould the small arm-sling be applied first or shl)uld th arm be secured before the arm-sling is appli d ': If the arm-sling has to he applied lirst, I hould like to know the reason for the diO'erencc in treatment sime in both cases the arm has to be secured to the side.

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SHOCK IN ApOPLEXY.

\V.J. R. (Plumstead).-In a case of shock or internal hremorrhage the face is pale, the pulse rapid and weak, respiration is rapid and sballo\';', and the skin cold and clammy.

In the case of Compression due to Apoplexy, ho'vveyer, the face is flushed, the pulse slow and full, breathing is stertorous, and Lhe temperature of the body raised.

Since the signs of Shock are absent in Apoplexy, are we right in assuming that shock itself is absent?

I shall appreciate your kind ruling on this point.

On p. 161 of the Textbook \,;'e read that shock is "a condition of sudden depression of the nen'ous system resulting from, and occurring immediately after, h<emorrhage." Further, the Textbook points out that shock" may last only a few moments."

On tIle same page we are told that signs and symptoms of Compression of the Brain" may not appear at once, but may be delayed for a time."

In a case of Apoplexy, the patient undoubtedly suffers from shock immediately after the onset of the hremorrhage into the brain. The typical signs of Apoplexy g radually develop and, owing to the peculiar nature of the disease, mask the typical signs of shock.

It should be borne in mind that, although Apoplexy may be suspected, the diagnosis cannot be made with cer-: tainty until the typical signs have developed By that time the signs of the ini tial shock will have disappeared.-N.C. F.

HU"lOCR IN FIRST Am

\. H (Yarmouth}-Here is a contrihution to your collection of Ho\.vlers in the shape of a series of guestions which I put to one of our re cr uits and his astonishing answers

Myself: "What would you do if a lady fainted in a c in ema where you were on public duty? "

Recruit: "Supply plenty of fresh air."

l.yself: "But the c inema is full of people."

Recru it: "1 should clea1' them all out."

Myself: " Her nose is bleeding because she knocked her face iL1 falling. What would you do? "

RecruiL: "I sbo uld apply ic e to her nose "

:'Ilyself: "\Vbere would you get the ice': "

Recruit: "Out of my havresac."

It seenlS to me that if the arm-sling i applied first to a fracture near tbe middle of the there would be much unnecesary movement wben appl) ing the bandages round limb and body because t he bandages would haw to be placed uno r the arl11- ling.

1ay I thank you for all the information \\ hiLh 1 have obtained in the past from your Quer) Column which I always study very carefull).

In Lhe treatment of Fracture of r Iumerus close to the shoulder the Textbook on page () in truLl u ,a ) ou rightl) point out, to apply a broad bandage round limb and bod\ and then to apply a small arl1l- ling-.

Vhen the fracture is near the middle of till.! h.lft (Te'tbook, page 69) the arm-sling is applied lir:,t and thcnplints are applied.

If, however, splints are not H\'ailable we arC' told ll) " secure the arm to the side by two broad bandages." It clear from the order of the in truction in thl! Textbook tllat these bandages are to be applied o\er tile so lhat thL' unnecessary movement which you mention is Cl\'oid\.!u. .C.F. -

OUTDOOR OF J)1 r.OCXI Ill. ·S. C.C. (Surbiton).-In the treatment of a dislocaLil)n out-oldoors, would it be wrong- to appl) cold <lnJ, when this fails to give relief, warmth, as for the treatment of patient under hclter ':

The Textbook does not advise local treatment of a di..,location out· of-doors for Lhe following two reasons:

(1) It is one of the principles of first aid (Textbook, p. 19) that every patient must be kept warm <tfu.:r an accident.

(2) A patient should be rel1lo\-ed to hospital or to his home with the minimum of delay.

If local treatmenL out-of-doors were contell1platcd for a dislocation of, say, the elbow or the shoulder, it would be necessary to remove some clothing. Thereby the possibility of shock would be increased.

Further, there would be delay in procuring the necessary hot or co ld dressing s and timc wasted before the patient was removed to shelter.-N. C. F.

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HAEMORRHAGE BANDAGING

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Plar AID

Journal for rb¢ Ambulanc¢ an6 3}lul"sing

No. 514.- VoL. XLIII. APRIL,

NOTICE TO READERS.

AID is published on the of each month. The Ann ual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work if' all its branches, the Edi to r invites Readers to send Articles and I tp orts on subjects pe rtaining to the Movement and also welcomes gg estions fo r Pra cl ical Papers.

All Rep o r ts &c., should be a d dressed to the Editor at he add ress below, and shou ld reach him before the 12th of each month, 1 mUSl be accom panied (ltot necessarily jor nublicatio n) by the r me and address of th e C orrespondent.

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7 elegraphi c Address-" Twenty-jour, London. Te!ep hon!- City 37 IO

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

ED ITORIAL: -

Firt \id on th \ ir

St \ndre\'. 's \mbulance \ ociat ion

The Queen's Deputy

St John Ambu lance Brig-ade Jubil ee

Ex tracts from the Manual of Instruction for the Royal i\'aval ick Berth Staff

St John .: \ mbu lance Brigrtd Final Competition:, Wi mble don \mbulance Fe ti\ a l

S J \. B. Headq uarters rtn d District R epo r lS

Le tters to the Editor

Prio ry for "Vales

Po lice Amb ul a n ce N w s

ev iews

ai l way Ambulance N e w s

Co ming Events

Bri tish R ed ross . ociet),

O ur Nurses' P ages

QUE RIES A ND ANSWERS TO CORRESPO DENTS ;-

Ca rbon Dioxide in Resu sc itation

Examination Howler

Fract ur es of Clavicle and Humerus

Treatment of Bleeding Palm

Co mpound Fracture of Lower Limb

Treatment of Acid Poisoning

Dilution of Iodine

Treatment of Opium P0isoning

Abdominal Wound with Internal Bleeding

Use of Thomas Splint

EDITORIAL.

A FEW mon ths ag 0 we referred FIRST AID ON to the fact that first aid had THE AIR. been televised for the first time. Last month, however, we listened with interest to a talk on first aid which was broadcast on the National programme and followed, a few days after, by a further talk on actual treatment.

The first tal k dealt with the use and the necessity of the genera l public having a knowledge of first aid; how it could be applied to numerous accidents; how on many occasions first aiders had been the means of saving limbs and even lives by their prompt attention to the injured person or persons.

The second talk, given but a day or two before the Easter holidays, gave the treatment of certain injuries; but the five minutes allotted to this talk was far too short.

The speaker on both occasions was Captain A. C. \Vhite Knox, 1.C., M.B., who is a lecturer of the St. John Ambulance Association, and in his first talk he gave listeners the names and addresses of the Associations to whom application could be made for instruction. On enquiry we found that almost by the next post the St. John Ambulance Association, the British Red Cross Society, and the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association received letters from all over the country asking where such instruction could be obtained. This in itself shows that the talks have done a reasonable amount of good, and on future occasions, which we understand will be before the Whitsun holiday, we feel that more still will be interested in the subject.

One criticism we would make is that with the adven of th e light evenings classes will be somewhat at a s tandstill; and so we hope that the exper iment will be renewed later in the year, say, September o r October, when the season is ahout to be again in full

This illustration shows the clear gangway (or loading the lower stretcher when only one c;tse is being carried.

St. And ,,'ew's Atnb ul anc e Ass oc iation.

The oldest competition of the Association, the" Gowan" Cup competition, open to teams from Gla gow and the \Vest of Scotland, was held on Saturday, r-.larch 6th, \yhen 28 teams competed. Each team \\''3.S examined in general knowledge, practical work and transport, the arbiters beingDr. Thomas G. Rennie, Dr. C. \V. F. Greenhill and Dr. Wilfrid H. Scott.

The g-eneral knowledge questions included: vVhat I1lU cles form the prominence of the calf of the leg? \Vhere is the \-omer bone, \,"hat is it shapE'? Define anabolism and katabolism. \\'hat constitute the excretory system?

\\'hat is a sprain, how \yould you treat it? \Vbat are the sig-ns and symptoms of concu sion? "'hat is hernia, in \yhat form does it occur? Describe the cerebellum, what are its functions? \Vhat is a Pott's fracture, \,'hat type of \'iolence causes it? De cribe the os innominatul11 ?

In the practical work teams had to put up a Pott's fracture of the left leg and a contused wound on the occiput; apply digital pressure to arrest bleeding from the right palmer arch; treat for a fractured se\-enth rib.

The transport section tests included the forming and prO\-ing squad; load stretcher and wagon with patient suffering from transverse wound of the abdomen; one bearer to make a rug and pole stretcher; three bearers to load an unconscious patient onto stretcher and two to unload.

After such an exacting test l\Iossend L.1\I. S. R. team was placed first with 279 points out of 300. l\lotherwell

L.:'II.S.R. (Xo. 1) scored 275, and Hurlford L.:'II.S.R. 274-{.

The arbiters, in their reports, complimented the teanls on their high efficiency but, although the work \.\'a on the whole, excellently done, little things that count in competition work had been omitted and therefore marks were lost.

The" Hannah" Shield, competed for annually by the Eastern District Section of the Association, was \\'on by Larbert L. S. with 170 marks. The com petition, for which H teams entered, took place at Falkirk.

Grangemouth L.l\1. S. (169) were second and Grang-emouth No.2 (166) were third.

The Shield was presented by Mrs. Allan Hannah, Larbert, wife of the donor, and Dr. vVilfred H. Scott and Dr. A. L. Cowan, both of Glasgow, were arbiters.

A record entry of 18 teams took part in the competition for the" Nairn" Cup yirtually the championship of Fifeorganised by Kirkcaldy and District St. Andrew's Ambulance Association. The winners, Ladybank o. 1 team, won by a fifth of a. point from l\Iethil a.nu District. The adjudicators were Drs. Cra\\'ford and Scott, Kirkcaldy.

---._.----

The Qu een ' s D e pu ty .

IT is officially announced that Her Majesty the Queen, who is Commandant in Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions of the St. John Am bulance Brigade, has appointed H R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester as her deputy.

The Duchess of Gloucester is a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John and is the third member of the Royal Family to hold an official and active appointment in the Brigade.

A 'D. St. John Ambul a nc e Brigad e Jubilee

A we have already announced the Jubilec of the Brigade will be celebrated this year and, immediately after the Coronation, functions will take place at which represcntatives from all parts of the British Emrire will take part.

The first one of note will be an afternoon party at St. James's Palace, given by H . R . H. the Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John; th is will be followed by :May 21, Empire competitions at Great Central Hotel, Marylebone, London, at which Princess Alice, Countess of A thlone, will present the prizes.

22nd, Review in IIyde Park, at which Her l\1ajesty the Queen, who is Comm.1nc1ant-inChief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions, has expressed her desire to take the salute at the march past.

l\1ay 23rd, Service at t. Paul's athedral al which the Duke and Duchess of Kent have expressed their intention to be present.

May 25th, Investiture at Buckingham Palace by His 1\lajesty the King, o\'ereign Uead of the Order of St. J oh n.

29th and 30th, ir Raids Precautions, Course of Instruction at the Creat Central IIotel, London

On Friday, 1\lay 14th, an official reception of Overseas members will take place at St. John's Gate.

\!\T e look forward with interest to the meetin g of members from Overseas, and already we hav' had the pleasure of discussing first aid with t\\( Brigade members who have come over \\'ith th e Australian Army continCTent.

Full reports of the proceedings at the variou functions will be reported in our subsequen issues.

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Ex tracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(( ulI/nlllt'ti /rulI/ page 1-'/.)

(t\) FIl{';;l-AII) '1'IU': \'T:\IE. 1' OF EXTEH;-\ \L II. L\IORRIJ AGE.

(\) Prompt action is required especially In CclSC S of from a large artery For exa mple, bleeding from the femoral artery will pro \ e fatal in a few seconds, unless promptly trea ted.

en If ina lim b, elevate the wou nded part.

(3) Aprly digital pressure (z'.e., pressure with the thumb or fingt:rs). (0) Directly over the hlee ding point, but preferably b,' a clean pad pr s sed firmly ver the wound. (b) Close to the wo und, bct\\'ccn it and the hcart, if the hcemorrha ge i arterial, or on the ide awav from the if the h<ernorrhacre is venous. .,/

(+ ) Do not gi \'e sti m ulan ts.

(5) Keep the patient absolutely quiet and make him as comfortable as possible.

(6) Send for a Icdical Orficer.

(7) If hl.cmorrhage ceases, dress and bandage the wound.

Ca pillmy licelllorr/zage.

This usually stops if pressure by means of a le an pad and bandage is firmly applied. If not, rt. member the possibility of the patient bein CT a ble eder, i.e., he suffers from a disease known b as

*Reprintcd by permission of the Controller of H.l\1. Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H.l\1. St,ationr::ry Offlce, Adastral House, Kings\\'ay, London, \ \ .C.2, or any branch, price 4/Sd post free.

ARTERIE' \\'H1CH

Hcemophili3., in which the clotting power of the blood is diminished.

Digz'tal Pressure.

Owing to the fingers becoming tired, digital pressure can only be kept up for about a quarter of an hour, unless relays of helpers are available

If hcemorrhage persists, other methods (tourniq uets or forced flexion) must be adopted to con trol it. Digital pressure has the great advantage of being immediately available, and in severe hcemorrhage where saving life is the primary factor, should be applied at once. Many cases of bleeding can be permantly stopped by this means without recourse to other methods. It should be tried in preference to mechanical measures, and must be done while these are being improvised or obtained.

ilIetlwd oj Applyzl:g- Digzlal Pressure.

(1 ) Always apply as near the wound as possible. In the limbs, above the wound if the hcemorrhage is arterial, below it, if the hcemorrhage is venous (z'n varicose vez'ns both above and below).

(2) Find the position of the artery and feel for its pulsation. If the artery cannot easily be found, press eli rectly over the bleeding poi n t (preferably with a clean pad).

(3) Press the artery against bone, and not against soft tissues, such as muscles.

(4 ) You will know you are pressing in the right place if the hcemorrhage stops.

(5) Try if possible not to infect the wound, bu t don't let fear of this preven t you attern pting to stop the hcemorrhage.

AN BE CO lPRESSED.

Parl wounded. Line of artery. Point at which cOl11pre sed. :\lethod of com pression.

Te ll1ple, fronl and tn p of the head.

Back of the head.

Temporal. Occipital.

Runs upward in front of the ear to suprly the side of the head.

lmmediately in front l)f the rae

Digital pre sure, lhen a pad O\'er the artery firmly fixed, by a bandage.

Runs upwards behind the ear to supply the back of the head.

Half-vyay between toid process and the external occipital protuberallce.

Digital pressure, then a pad over the artery fixed by a bandage.

Part ""ounded.

Face below the eyes.

Neck.

FIRST A 10. ARTERIES WHICH. CAN BE COMPRESSED

Name of artery.

Facial.

Line of artery.

Runs upwards from the neck across the lower jaw to supply the face.

Common Carotid. Subclavian.

Shoulder and Axilla.

Upper third of the ann.

Passes up the side of the neck from the Sternoclavicular JOint to a point midway between the angle of the lower jaw and the 1astoid process.

Runs outwards between the clavicle and the first rib lying on the latter.

Point at which compressed.

One inch in front of the angle of the lower ja\\'.

inches above the Sterno-clavicular joint backwards and in wards against the transverse process of the 6th cervical vertebra.

Behind the centre of the clavicle downwards and backwards against the first rib.

Method of compression.

Digital pressure, then a pad on the artery secured by a narrow fold bandage.

Digital relays. pressure by

FIRST

St. John Ambulance Brigade Final Competitions.

AID. 253

Lower two - thirds of the arll1.

Forearm.

Hand and wrist.

Axillary. Brachial.

Runs outwards from behind the clavicle to the outer side of the axilla.

Runs down the inner side of the biceps muscle from the axilla to a point 1 inch below the elbow.

Ditto.

Brachial.

At the junction of the outer with the middle third of the axilla.

The centre of the inner side of the arm outwards and backwards against the humerus.

Bend of elbow inner side of muscle.

under biceps

Digital pressure, with bOlh thumbs, or with the padded handle of a door key.

Digital pressure, then place a large pad in the axilla and bandag- e the arm tightly to the side.

Digital pre sure, then as for the axillary, if unsucce sfu) aprl) a tourniquet.

Digital pr sure 01 forced flexion.

Ilhough reverting somewhat to the earlier date for th final COl11pdltlOll , there was no appreciable falling off In attendance, neither was the interest Ie s keen than Oil previo us years. JI1 fact OIlC might say that the Great L\: ntral Hotel Oll April 9th had one of the largest gatherJIl!·S of Brigade personnel than ever before. Also t he tests \vere excellent, straightforward fir t aid, al' lUst, it might he said, sImple for sllch all event, hut It as the simplicity which found the faults of the teams. Th L stagi ng too) was of the best, 110 imagination being ic t[tured. There was an actual <.:xpJo ion in the women's tea m test, spJintcrlllg of glass, fire and the attendance oj the fire hrigade and police all 111 correct order. In the men's team test. there was the moving lift, the :tl'lb ulance at the factory ill iact CHr) thing- that ,\nu l<..l have been there In all actual Cll c. \\ ' hilst on the mCI' s te t mam team'> lost marks by l'lltlea\ ouring to load t\\O strclch"er (elses III all amhuJanc which only held one Here clicrimlnatioll \\ as nece sary. One patient \\a suffcrtng- from hllrIls on left hancl and. implc fracture I) forearm, whilst LhcLcuIlcl patil'Ilt had a fractLlrc

Surgeon No.2 District; Bearers Nos. 1 and 2" Lt.-Col. C 11. James) CLE.) F.RC.S. and J. Hanna, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O.. both County Surgeons No 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District; Bearers Nos. 3 and 4) G. H. Shaw, M.B., D.P.H., Corps Surgeon o. 3 (Eastern) District and J. A. L. Roberts, L.RC.P., M.RC.S.) Div. Surgeon No.2 District. Uniforms: Capt. W. Goodley, M.C.) Commissioner o. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District and Major W. H. F. Noble) Asst. Commissioner o. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District.

Nurses :-Referee: W. C. Bentall, O.B.E.) F.R.CS. (Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief). Team: First Aid, Col. C. H. S. Redmond, T.D., M.B., Ch.B., A st. Commis ioner 1 o. 4 (Lancashire) District and Capt. S. B. Turner, M.R.C.S., L.R.c.P.) Asst. Commissioner) Wales; Kursing cction, Miss 1\1. W. Coulthurst, Matron, R.A.F'L .S. Practical Tests: Officer} Col. C H. L. Hammerton) CM.G., D 0., L.R.c.P. & S., County Surgeon No. 5 Di trict, and Major]. F. P. Gibbons, O.B.E., 1I.B., B. ., Corps urgcon No.3 (Eastern) District; Sister 2) Mis C;. 1\1. B. Atkin, UniYcrsity College Hospital; Sisters 1 and 3, Miss E. Saunders, Sister Tutor, Royal Free Hopital; Uniform, 1\Irs. C. FaJwasser and Miss A. M. \\ -a lker, Lady District Superintendents of o. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) and o. 1 (Prince of Wales's ) Districts rcspccti"ely.

Thigh.

Leg.

Front of foot.

Radial. lJlna. Femoral. Popliteal.

Anterior Tibial.

Runs from a point 1 inch below the bend of the elbow to the radial (thumb) side of the front of the

Runs from a point 1 inch below the btnd of the elbow to the ulnar (little finger) side of the front of the wrist.

The artery corresponds to the upper third of a line, drawn from a point midway between the anterior-superior spine of the crest of the ilium and spine of put.is to the inner condyle ot the knee.

Along the middle of the back of the knee (ham).

Rllns between the tibia and the fibula to the centre of the front of the ankle.

1 inch above the wrist, in line of arteries.

(1) Digital pre sur. Both artcri mu t bl: compressed, onl lhutllb for each.

Sale of foot.

Posterior Tibial.

Runs down the back of the leg under the calf muscles, then between the inner malleolus and the heel to the sole of the foot.

(To be conlinued.)

(a) Against the pubic bone in the centre of the fold of the groi n.

(b) Four fingers breadth below the fold of the groin.

(2) Forced flexion at th e ell,ow joint. pressure, usin g both thumbs, one place d over the other, and the fingers of both hand s grasping the thigh th en apply a tourniquet.

Centre of the ham against the femur.

Centre of the front of the ankle, with foot raised.

Behind the internal malleolus, with the foot raised.

Digital pressure, or forced flexion.

Digital pressure, then a pad and tight banuag e round the ankle.

As for Anterior Tibial.

ot t he pcJ\'lS and bruIL of forehead. \\'hich onc should hen c he en the stretcher ca e is not far to see. The competitions were under the direction of the Ch id Commissioner, -ir Tohn Duncan, a sisted by Dr. Fletcher, Surgcon-in-Chief, and l\Iajor P. G. l:l11th, CB.E. Brigade-ecretary and County (o mm ISS10l1er, Bucks. The Competition Secretary was t. Commissioner H. A. J. Wrigglesworth, Asst. Brigade and No.8 (Duke of Connaught's District). (We \\ lJke to take this opportunity of congratulating Mr. \\ ngglesworth on his promotion to A sistant Commissl Oller; a more hard working member of the Brigade would he hard to find.)

_ The judges were :-Men-Rcferee, Capt. A. C. White J nox, M.C, M.B., Ch.B. (A st. Commissioner No. 1 (!)rince of Wales's) District; Team: F. L. ewton, M.D., e h.B., County Surgeon o. 3 (W cstern) District; and Cap.t. R. V. Steele, M.B., B.S., County Surgeon No. 1 (Pn nee of Wales's) District. Practical Tests: Officer S. Hunt, M.B., B.S,) County Surgeon o. 2 Istnct, and A. P. Gorham, M.B., Ch.B.} M.R.CS.} Corps

Great excitement prevailed round about 4 o'clock, when H.RH. the Duchess of Gloucester, who has been a ppointed a Deputy Commandant-in-Chief of the ursing Corps and Divisions by H.M. the Queen} arrived at the Hotel accompanied by Miss Era Sandford.

The Duchess was welcomed by the Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior), Sir Percival Wilkinson ( ecretaryGeneral), ir John Duncan and Lady Perrott (Lady and inspected a guard of honour tinder the command of Capt. Fenton, Asst. Commissioner No. 1 District.

PRESENTATION OF TROPHIES.

The Earl of Scarbrough presided at the subsequent presentation function and welcomed Her Royal Highness on her first appearance as the Queen's Deputy. He explained the competition to the Duchess and referred to the forthcoming- Brig-ade Jubilee.

Lord Scarbrough also referred to the fact that during the last two years strenuous duties had been undertaken, and on the occasion of the forthcoming Coronation the

t. John Ambulance Brigade Finals.

H. R. H. The Duches of Gloucester presenting the" Perrott" hield to the Herne Bay Nursing Division, and the" Dewar" Shield to Wolverton Team.

largest duty e\'er undertaken would be co\"ered by Brigade personnel. The Order had every confidence that with Capt. \V. Goodley in charge, the duty would be carried out ill an efficient manner.

Lord carbrough also briet1y referred to A. R P. work and to the great a istance rendered by 1\1 r. and Irs. and :\1r. Joe Gro sman of the Briti h International Pictures.

In conclu ion the Sub-Prior humbly congratulated Her Royal Highne s on her ol1"ice and expre sed gratefu l thanks for her presence to distribute the awards.

Sir] ohn Duncan then announced the rc ults, which '\'ere as follows :-

PERROTT" CHALLE GE SHIELD.

A I D.

1\1 E 's TEAM TEST.

THE TE TS.

CARD OF INsTHu cT IONs. - On a Saturday afternoon you are on your way to an A. R. P. Demon tration ; and you ha\ 'e been told to meet your Ollicer at the Warehouse where he i!> employed as ambulance attendant. As you enter the basement of the empty building you obsen'e t\\'O men engaged in repairinO' the lift, which is not working sati factorily.

You know that the hospital is half a mile away and tha t a stretcher is available at the vVarehuuse. If anythin g' happens, act as you should.

•\ CTION OF TEST. -i\n electrician is stan ding in the lif tshaft repairing the lift while his mate is outs ide working th L' controls. uddenly there is a nash and the electrician fall to the ground with a burn of his left hand caused by electri l current. His mate at once enters the lift-shaft and bend over the patient.

As soon as team takes charge the electrician" mate walks away to report to the lanager. Fi\'e minutes lat er, or alternatively when the lift- haft is cleared, the sound of a 1 electric motor heard and the lift begins to descend. I ml11 ediately he hears this, the mate (unobtrusively) returns tl' collect tools, enters the shaft, stumbles on his face, and I caught by the descending lift across hi hips, his legs bein , within the lift-shaft.

At this moment the manager arri\ e and, working the controls, succeeds in raising the lift a short di tance to the sound of the electric motor.

"Corbet Fletcher" Trophy (runners-up): Hull (Kingston)

" Chalmers" Trophy (highest individul aggregate): Herne Bay.

"The Lady i\Iountgarret l) Cup (Bed making) Herne Bay.

" Ellis" Cup (best officer) Amb. Sister N. E. Wiggins, (Cheltenham).

"DEWAR" CHALLENGE SHIELD.

STAGING OF TEsT.-Arrange a working lift; and on onL' side thereof an Ambulance Store Room in full , iew audience. In this place stretc her, two rug, ha\ rcsa dressings, bowls, telephone, etc. Vi its to thi r00m wi l occupy 3 minutes.

At outset separate team, placing Oflicer in the tOI' Room and team at entry of war hou Hand Card of Instructions to Officer and also to team.

Arrange for assistants as electrician, electrician' mat l', and manager. Electrician lies on his back, fully consciou and sustains burn of left hand and simple fracture of rig I forearm. His mate lies on his face, fully con ciou thoug r badly shocked, and sustains a simple fracture of pelvis and bruise of forehead. All injuries to be represented on patien t. Ambulance to be available.

NURSES' TEAM TEST.

CARD OF INSTRUCTJONS.-On a Saturday afternoon you are on your way to an A. R. P. Demonstration and you ha\ L been asked to meet your Officer at the house of some of h I;!' friends.

" Dewar" Challenge Shield: Wolverton.

"Symons Eccles" Challenge Cup (runners-up): Hereford.

"Trimble" Trophy (highest individual aggregate): Shored itch and Hereford tied.

" Ellis" Cup (best officer) : Amb. Officer S. Webber (Wolverton).

So once again Herne Bay urses have demonstrated their efficiency, and Wolverton, who has represented the No. 2 District on many occasions, has wrested the championship from TO. 8 District.

Congratulations are due to all teams on the grand show. Only one team can win the first prize, but to have won preliminary and District finals shows interest and efficiency in the worle

Her Royal Highness g raciously presented the trophies and individual prizes to each competitor, adding her con-

You know that this house is next door to a billianl saloon, of which the husband of your Officer's friend is th l proprietor; and that your Officer has arranged for stretch er and full equipment to be available at the house for a competition practice on 10nday morning.

If anything happens, act as you should.

ACTION OF TEST. - Test opens with an explosion whic h damages the large plate glass window of the billiard saloon

The policeman on his beat at once rings the fire alarm wit h the result that two minutes later two firemen appear on th e scene.

Immediately the explosion the proprietor staggers ou t, falls down the tront steps and rolls on his back under th e window of the saloon. The firemen warn the team that th e remaining plate glass may fall out at any moment, thi s actually taking place 8 minutes from the start. The polic eman is busy with notebook and tells team to do their bes for patient, who explains that he was attending to the ga s stove and refuses point blank to be taken to hospital.

FIR S T

If patient has not been removed when further fall of g-Iass occurs, he will be adjudged as having been hit with a large piece, which causes lacerated wound of head and fracture of skull with compression. These injuries must be trea ted, though no marks will be given for the extra ""ork. At the outset, the Officer is placed in house with the prop rietor's wife; and the team is actually knocking at the door when the exrlosion occurs.

OF TEST. -Arrange scene as billiard saloon \\ ith larg-e plate glass window (broken and unbroken) \lext door arrang-e house with bedroom (this with removl.b le front) Each building has separate door with steps to pave ment. \1 0 arrange fire alarm post at edge of arena Arrange for assistant as rroprietor of saloon, his wife, a policeman, and t\\'o uniformed flremen. The patient i ful ly conscious and sustains a lacerated wound of right hand with "enou bleeding and simple fractures of Jeft leg and of right collar hone. He is in his shirt sleeves and is lying on his back. \1I injuries to be represented on patient.

At the outset the bedroom is in disorder as it is being pri ng cleaned. The bedclothes, however, are folded and n:ady for u e. Give card of instructions to Officer and also tn tea m.

I 'D I\'lDlJAI. \Sf) DUAl. PIUl'TIC'AL TEST"'.

OFF ICER OR \[E\IBER-I"l-CII \RGE ( mhulance and Nursing team ).

CARD OF l:-:STRL'CTIO:-:S. -You are visiting- your married iste r and her t\\'o children; and at this moment you are in the sitting-room of her hou e You know that, except for your, el\'e the house i. cmpty and that your sister has a medili ne-chl.!c;t. If anything happens, act a you see fit.

HE\RER Nos. 1 \'m 2.

C \RD OF 1:'\ TRUCTIONS. On a aturday aftern .on you two are on your way to do duty at a football match and have a ha\'resac. .\s you pa a hou e a woman ru he out and asks your help. hl.! tdl you that live minutes ago her husba nd swallowcd the contents of a poison bottle. Act as you ee fit.

BEARERS 0, 3 \:\0 4.

CARD OF INsTR l'TION!;.-On a . aturda), afternoon you two are returning from duty at a football match and have ha\ resac. .\' you pa a public garage you hail your ffle nd, the manager, who i - peaking to one of his workmen the edge of the pit. If anything happens, act as you see fit.

O. 2

CAR? OF INSTRUCTIONS.-You are spending your Christmas Holtdays with a friend who has a little girl, 7 years old. Late night, before you have gone to bed, your friend co mes your bedroom and asks you to come and help her. She explall1s that .she was awakened by her little girl's cough and heavy breathll1g, and that she is alarmed because the child has never had croup so badly in previous winters. ou know that there is a telephone in the house; and gOI.nK to the patient's bedroom you find that the fire is stIll altght and that a kettle of water is on the" fire.

SISTEHS Nos. 1 AND 3.

C: ARD OF INSTRUCTIONS. - This girl has recently been suffenng from pneumonia, and is IlOW nearly well. She has, however, not yet been out of bed. Her lunch is ready in the next room; and you have been asked to give it to her.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers and Us.

AID. 255

Wimbledon Ambulance Festival.

The final com petitions of the above were held on Saturday, March 13th at St. Mark's Hall, Wimhledon, when a large audience witnessed the efforts of the finalists. Those present included the layor and Mayoress (Alderman J. S. H. Abbott, J.P. and Mrs. Farquharson), Lady Holland, and Col. Hope-Carlton, I.C. (OIC Medical Cnit, Cniversityof London O.T.C.), who presented the championship cups and certificates at the close of the tests.

Four short plays, performed by the \Vimbledon Players, introduced each test and a very interesting and instructive evening was spent.

The first test was for the Womens' Individual prize and the scene represented a room behind a butcher's shop. The butcher's assistant, whilst cutting up meat, had sustained a wound in the abdomen, with bowel protruding, internal hremorrhage and shock. Miss A. Houston and Miss D. Percy, both of the South Metropolitan Gas Co., were placed first and second respectively.

In the womens' team test, competitors had to deal with a man who had a fractured scapula, fractured thigh, injury to the stomach, and a second patient who had a stroke. The South Metropolitan Gas Co. team were placed first, with .Actonians " B" runners-up.

i\lr. L. McDermott (City of London Police) won the ,\len Individual test, the runner-up being :\1r. N. "\\ '. l\lcLean (Brighton Police). Both competitors had to deal with a patient \\'ho had been asphyxiated by pressure, had a wound on back of head, and fractured ribs involving the lungs.

The mens' team test was contested by the "Mitre" team and" F" Di v ision Metropolitan Police; the latter team gaining first place. In this test, a man was suffering from compound fracture left forearm, sprained ankle and poisoning by an irritant liquid. A second patient \yas a woman who fell and disclocated her shoulders.

This year's contests attracted a greatly increased number of competitors in the mens' sections, 41 competing for the individual cup and 17 for the team event, almost double that of the previous year.

Dr. D. A. Belilios (Chairman of the Organising Committee) presided at the prize distribution and paid tribute to the assistance received from numerous persons.

The judges in the preliminary and final contests were Drs. E. B. Rayner, E. J. Selby, 1\1. Scott, D. K 1uh'aney and J, Po\\'ell-Evans.

Posters for Publicity.

FOLLOWING the request of many users a new size has been introduced in the Stock Posters advertised in this Journal. In addition, owing to increased demands, we have been able to reduc:e slightly the price of the small poster from 2/6 to 2/3 per dozen, post free.

The new size is a double-crown, which measures 30 in. by 20 in., and we feel sure users will find this a very acceptable size, and the price (3/3 per dozen, post free) very reasonable .

The three sizes now available are: Large, 40 in. by 23 in.; Medium, 30 in, by 20 in.; Small, 20 in. by 12 in; the prices being 4 / -, 3 / 3 and 2/3 per dozen, post free, respectively.

Remittances and orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.CA.

St. John Ambulance Brigade

H ea dq uar t ers D zstrz'ct R eports. Brigade Headquarters.

On March 23rd, at the Municipal College, Bournemouth, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief, addressed members of the Bournemouth, Lymington and Poole Corps on I( An Evening with the Text Book"

For over 90 minutes the Surgeon-in-Chief held the attention of a large company, over which Major A Tennyson-Smith, M.D., e.M., Commissioner of Hampshire, presided.

Asst. Commissioner 11ajor C. H. Morse proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. Corbet Fletcher} this being seconded by County Surgeon F e. Bottomley and received with acclamation .

Lady County Officer Mrs. Hayes was also present, together ", ith other senior officers.

DRESS REGULATIONs -H R.H. The Grand Prior has approved the following recommendations of ChapterGeneral :-

That the frock coat, the wearing- of which by Superior Officers is optional) be in future as follows, and that those in possession of the present pattern be allowed to wear it out.

FRocKco AT.-Black cloth, double breasted, with standup collar. Plain sleeves with two small buttons and buttonholes at cuff. Two rows of buttons, six in each row down the front at equal distances 8 inches apart at top and 4t inches at bottom. Flaps behind 10 inches deep, with one button on each flap and one on each side of the waist. Lined skirt reaching to the knees.

No . ( ( Prince of Wales 's) District.

FINCHLEY.-The annual dinner and dance of th,Finchley Divislon was held on Tuesday, March 23rd, wben Lt.-Col. J. W. Abraham, O.B.E., D.L., J.P ) in the unavoidable absence of the Mayor, presided over the function, at which some 220 members and guests were present.

After the loyal toast, Supt. J. W. Taylor proposed "The President and Vice-President." He referred to the work of the Division and announced that the Division had held three general public courses in A.R.P. work, one for the Fire Brigade and one for the hospital staff. T he family had another offspring about to be registered, that of the Friern Barnet Section under the charge of Mr. F. W. G. Dines. Supt. Taylor read a letter from the Commissioner, Capt. Goodley, advising- him that Amb Officer Stillwell had been promoted to Corps Officer while on A.R.P. work at Headquarters . The Division would miss the active work of Mr. Stillwell, but they were pleased one of their members had received recognition.

Supt. Taylor regretted the absence of the Mayo r , the President, through illness. Col. Abrahams, vice-president, had been connected with the work of the D ivision for some years and they were pleased to have him and Capt. Cleveland Fife and Mrs. Fife with them.

Col. Williams, responding, said the presidents and vice-presidents were but figure heads: the officers and men did all the work The Mayor, although absent, thought a lot of the work done ,by the division, and on

behalf of all present, a telegram of good wishe would be sent to him. Col. Abraham congratulated Supt. Taylor on the increased strength of the Division. During the past year 1,530 duties had been efficiently carried out and 725 cases treated, a very creditable performance. He also congratulated Supt. Taylor on his recent admission to the Order of St. John as a Sen'in O' Brother-no one more deserved the honour.

"The Ladies and Visitors" was proposed by Div. Surgeon J. D Holmes in a delightful, pithy speech. He mentioned Capt. A. C. White Knox (Asst. Commissioner, Southern Area), District Officers Osborn, Green, Standingford and Claridge and welcomed members from neiO"hbouring Divisions.

Capt. Knox responded and said that the ladies did some remarkable work in the Brigade, and sacrificed many hours by allowing their menfolk to g-o ahout their Brigade business. He would always rememher the happy times spent with the Division. All officers and men had great regard for Supt. Taylor who has done, and \\ as still doing, great work

Dr. A. A. Turner, M.e. (M.O.H., Finchley), also responded. It was only a short while since he hac! taken an interest in the work of the Brigade when, as M.O.II. he had taken up A.R.P. He did not know what would have happened but for the assi tance given hy the Finchley Division. He ioined with Capt. W'hite Knox in expre<;<;ing thanks to the Division for their kind ho pitality.

The Division presented to every lady present a little gift in the form of Coronation Souvenir hrooches.

Following the dinner, dancing and games continuec1 until a late hour; Corpl. A. G. Harley actin.g as :1\r.c.

The 13th annual dinner of the L onc1on Post Office Corps was held on March 13th. Corps Surgeon B. L Steele, who was accompanied hv Miss Steele. presided. supported by the Mayor elnd Ma yo ress of St. 1arylehone. Asst. Commissioner Capt. H. A. Fenton, Dr. K. F. Lund, Countv Surgeon Capt. R. V. St ee le Lad\' District Supt. Miss Walker, District Officer T. :1\1cRride. Lacl\ District Officer Miss Masson, Coros Supt. A. E. \iVell s (A.R.P. Officer), Dr. Cove-Smith. Mel ior A. V. Ste\' e ns. D.S.O., M.e.. A.R.P. Officer, St. Marvlehone, Mr. G. T. Archihold, Controller e.T.O., Mr. D. Burdon, Postmaster W.D.O., and others.

Capt. Fenton proposed the toast 0 f the Corps, congratulating- the memhers on their continued expan ion: two new Divisions ha"ing heen formed during the past year. and another in prospect.

Corps Supt. Humphrey thanked Dr. Fenton and announced that during the past year 2,000 duties were u n dertaken and 7 ,000 cases treated.

Amh O fficer Broom proposed It Our Visitors" and expressed pleasure at the presence of Dr. Lund, who was the fi rst surgeon of the P.O. Corps.

No. II. District.

T he district finals were held at Cheltenham on Saturday, Marc h 20t h , when the County winner competed for d ist r ict hono ur s

There was a large audience, among whom were Lord and Lady Bledisloe, the Mayor and Mayoress of Cheltenl1am, County Commissioners and many distinguished members of the Order.

The men's team test was that of a man who had fallen off a ladder, fell on his assistant and both sustained ill Jurie s.

The men's results were: 1st) and" Oxo" Cup, Wolverton (Bucks.), 30n marks; 2nd, Packers (Bristol), 302; 3rt! Cheltenham (Gloucestershire), 29n; 4th, Eastleigh 285.k; 5th, Bat;,bury ,Oxfordshire), 27n; 6th, Swindon (Wilts.), 25l!; Ith, BrIdgwater (Somerset), 240; 8th, Readin.g· (Berks.), 221. ..

The trophies were present by :1\1rs. DarvJl-Sm1th, who wa') cordia lly thanked by Dr. A Barrelt Cardew, the Co unty Commissioner for Gloucestershire.

!\1ajor Darvil -Sm ith, the Brigade Secretary, expressed his pleasure at the excellent arrangements made by. the l')c al Divisions, and said the success of the competItlOns \\ as due in no small measure to the efficient work done hy the officers.

No. Ill. District.

The annual inter-Corps competition open to Division :11 t he Birmingham County area, was won by Mitchells ncl Butlers' Division of C Corps. This Division had be 1 succcs ful on six previous occasions.

Sir Bertram Ford, County Commissioner, who pre.( cd the" Colonel Vlilk inson " Cup to the winning team. con gratulated it upon its efficiency, and spoke highly of the work done hy the other competitors, particularly in Jl-tc junior section of the contest.

The results were: enior-l, Mitchells and Butlers (C Corps). 342 points; 2, Saltley L.M.S. (A Corps), 299 po:n ts; 3, Smeth\\ ick (B Corps). 263 points. Junior-I, Sme thwick (B Corps), 255 point ; 2, 1edical Mission ( Corp ), 250 points.

The judge were Di,·. Surgeons K. A. BoughtonTho mas (lnel D. T. 1icol, and County Officer G. Kingsnorth. The competition, \\'hich hcgan early in the winter wit h contests hetween the various Divisions in each Corps. was organised by County Secretary E. Elliott.

No V. District.

ASKERN.- A very happy was held on atur da y, March 13th to celehrate the 21st year of the life of th e Askern Division About 180 members and friends of the Askern Main Corps met at tea , and among those pre sent were eight of the original members.

Corps Supt. G. Morgan presided, whilst Mr. W. Lle welly n Jones, Corps President, presented first-aid and nursing awards and service-chevrons.

Mr. W. E. Priestly, who has completed 21 years' srr yice as a mines' rescue worker, was presented with a ca nteen of cutlery, and Mr. J. Hodgkinson, of the Askern Brigade, received his 8-years' har. The 1937 Llewe llyn Jones" Ambulance Medals were presented to Messrs. H. Rice, J. Machin, F Alder, P. Davey, and .1 . H. Dixon; prizes for the 1936 Welfare Shield Compet ition to Messrs. T. Hayes, H. Sherwood, L. i\ <;quit h, and J. Machin, of the A kern Division. the runner - up prizes to Messrs. Asquith, T. H. S. Canning, and T. A. Coburn, of Sutton DIVISIo n. A silver cigarette case was nresented to the Corps Secretary (Corps Officer A. W. Free) as a mark () f appreciation, and he also received the A.R.P Grade 2 Tnstr uctor's Certificate. The Nursing Division Supe r intenden t (Miss Goodman) and the Division Secretary (Mrs.

AID. 257

Padfield), were presented each with a gold. wristlet watch by M r s Llewellyn Jones The Corps Pres1dent expressed appreciation of the ambulance movement in Askern and of the appointment of Corps Surgeon D. as Honorary Serving Brother. The President mentlOned particularly Mr. G. S. Davies (the first Divisional Secretary, now Superintendent of the Bullcroft Mr. S. Smith (who has 21 years' unbroken serV1ce Il1 Askern).

Dr. D. Malloch said he regarded the honour pa1d to him as one also to the Corps. He moved, and the Vicar of Askern (the Rev. W. e. S. Rutter) seconded) a vote of thanks to the entertainers; and thanks were accorded the chairman, on the call of Divisional Supt. D. E. Edwards, of the Askern Division.

11th annual officers' dinner of the Pontefract and District Corps was held last month) Corpl. Supt. T. e. Amery presiding, supported by Mrs. Amery, the Mayor of Pontefract (Councillor T. J. Sides, J.P.), Asst. Commissioner H. e. Else, and Mrs. Else, Asst. Commissioner Dr. K. H. Beverley, County Surgeon T. C. A. Sweetnam, Lady District Officer Miss Ashbery, Corps Surgeons F. \V. Sullivan, W. D. Dyson and B. Hart, O.B.E., Corps Officers \iV. R. Wigglesworth and e. Hornby, Lady Corps Secretary 11rs. E. e. Robinson and Corps Secretary VV. Banham, who made the efficient arrangements.

After the loyal toast the Mayor submitted "The Pontefract and District Corps." He had great admiration for the Brigade and recalled its formation in the district. He paid ,yarm tribute to Dr. G. \V. Blomfield, of Pontefract, as one of the first medical men who gave his knowledge to members, and stressed the sacrifice entailed by the work both to members and their wives. Referring to A.R.P , the task of teaching the public of Pontefract would descend on the shoulders of Brigade members.

Asst. Commissioner Else, in response, described the Ponteiract Corps as an exceedingly good one, and the head of the Corps as one of the best little chaps who ever joined the Order. No.5 District was going ahead due to the fact that its members realised the meaning of discipline. Mr. Else also referred to the duties to be undertaken by members in London at the Coronation. Corps Supt. Amery also responded. During the past year, 916 drill had been held; a tremendous amount of public duty undertaken; nearly 2,000 cases treated; and 103 road accidents. A.R.P. was going on quietly but quickly, and special meetings had been held T.he spea.ker congratulated Corps Secretary Banham on h1S appomtment as Officer of the Order of St John.

"The Mayor, Corporation, Local Councils and Visitors" was proposed by Mr Banham and responded to by County Cr. Bradley, who was presented with a President's Badge.

Div. Supt. J. Cunliffe proposed "Our Honorary Surgeons" and expressed pleasure at the promotion of Drs. Beverley and Sweetnam, and congratulated Dr. Hart on his decoration of the O B.E. All three doctors briefly responded.

During the evening, Asst. Commissioner Else presented Service Medals to Sergt. W Greaves and Pte. H. Worsfield, of Pontefract; Second Service Bars to Corps Officer Wig-CYlesworth and Amb. Officer Widdowson, of Featherstone, and First Bar to Amb. Officer J. Corfield, of Feathers tone.

The Corps Efficiency Shield was presented by the Mayor to the Hemsworth Diyision; and the Cadet Efficiency trophy to Featherstone Boys.

The new Efficiency Cup, presented by the Mayor of

Pontefract for competltlOn among- senior Divisions, was won by Pontefract urses. Corps Supt. Amery announced that thc cup would be called the" Lily Sides" Cup, after the and the Uayor had promised to provide another trophy next year for the ,< youngsters."

No. VI. District .

The No. 6 District Finals were held in the \Vestgale Road Schools, Te\ycastle, when teams from Durham, Northumberland and the North and East Ridings of Y ork'hire competed.

In the District Challenge Shield, the winning- team was Billingham (North Yorkshire, Le.L), followed by Dean and Chapter (Durham), Paraaon (Hull Corps), and \Voodhorn (Torthumberland). The highest individual score was that of Sergt. J. J. D . Kerry (Dean and Chapter) and he was awarded the "Hammersley J ohnston" Cup .

The {( Gibbon" Bowl, open to teams of which no member had previously held a district trophy, was won by Dean and Chapter, followed by Paragon (Hull Corps), Billingham, and Ellington (Aslington Coal Co. Corps).

Hetton-le-Ho1e Division won the "Palmer" Trophy open to teams in which all members are employed a miners, Woodhorn Division being runners-up.

The first social function, a whist drive and dance. of the newly-formed Novocastrian Division, Newcastleon-Tyne Corps, was held in the Heaton Assembly Rooms. Newcastle-on-Tyne, on Wednesday, March 24th. About 150 members and friends were present, including Supt. J. R. Logan, Vickers-Armstrong Corps and Corps Officer e. G. Blacklock, N ewcastle-on-Tyne Corps.

A telegram congratulating Div. Supt. Hair, and wishing the Division long life, was received from Corps Sup t T. R. Midgley, who was unable to attend.

It was announced that Mr. S. Smith, J.P., a local husiness man, had agreed to become Honorary President of the Division and had sent a cheque for £ 100 to provide uniforms and equipment. This was a hombshell. especiallv to the Superintendent, as the Division was without funrls and in a district where funds were very hard to obtain.

Many prizes were given for whist and spot dancing, these being presented to the winners hy Corps Supt. Logan.

No. VIII. ( Duke of Connaught's ) D istrict.

Brighton was the venue for the final competitions of the No.8 District, and the Southern Railway did their bit to make the function a success by the excellent service of trains from all parts of Kent, Surrey and Sussex.

The first two teams from each area competed in the final, which was run under the supervision of District Officer H. J. Wrigglesworth.

The judges were: Men-Asst. Commissioner Major W. H. F. Noble (team), Lt.-Co1. C. H James (officer), Drs. J. R. Hamerton and Tohn Fenton (Bearers). CadetsAsst. Commissioner D. Bryce (team), District Officers e. Milton and W. l B. Trotter (individuals) .

Tn the men's team test, competitors had to deal with an electrician who, in fixing a pendant, fell from the step" and crushed his head against the piano. He was fmmd to be sufferinj?: from a fractured jaw, fractured c1aviclt' ?nd impacted fracture radius, all on right side.

The officer had a case of cut foot with sand in wound the bearers, working in pairs, had to attend patlent who had slipped and struck his head on the kerh-

stone. T h e in j u r ies were wound on forchead and swelling of calf, r ight leg .

At the conclusion of the tests, the COI11mi sioner, E. A Richards) presided at the pre entation Illeeting- and announced the results as fo11o\\'s :-

I\1en's-lst, Brig-hton Police, 527 9 marks; 2nd Worthing, 440.3; 3rd, Ashford Railway \ Vorks, 423.6 . Thirteen teams competed. Trophies-" Three Counties" hield, " Sir 'vVm Gentle" (County) Cup, Dr. Locke Ctq (indiyidual aggrcg ate), Brighton Police; ,< Cotton" hield Worthing; "East Kent" Bowl, Ashford Railway Works , "Dame Wills" Cup, Faversham; .< Onslo\\' " Cup, Guild ford, S.R.; " 1'.lartin- \ Villiamson " Cup, Reigate; .< Brighl helmstone" Cup, best officer in the competition, Hasle mere.

Boy Cadet -1st, Fo1kestone; 2nd, Siltingbourne; 3rd Hastings, S.R. Eight teams competed. Trophies-" 1'.lr<; Richards II Cup and "Mdlasters" Cup, Folkestone ; " Hinckley" Cup, Hastings, S.R.

Mr. Richards referred to the fact that last yea r th e District was successful in winning both "Dewar" an c " Perrott" trophies, and he paid tribute to Horsham amI Herne Bay for the honour thcy had hrough t to No. t' District. He wished Brighton Police and Herne every success in thi year's final.

The trophies and prizes were gTaciously presented h: Mrs. E. A. Richards.

DEAL AND W ALMER.-An appeal for wider public support was voiced by the Divisional '.urg-eon, and carnestl .endorsed by the Town Clerk, at thc Annual Dinner o f the Deal and \Valmer Division held on March 4th. Th ( IVIayor of Deal eCr. J. G. Tooms, M.I.e.E.) pre ided, sup ported by Lady \Vollaston, the Rev. Canon Tonk, O.B.E D. A. Daniels (Town Clerk), 1r. R. M. BOllrn (Treasurer), Supt. Webb, M.:l\L (K.e. Police), Insp t. Gomar (K.e. Police), Dr D. A. Davies CDi\. Supt. Pocknell, and Amh. Officer Gage (Deal and \\Talm c.r Division), Dr. S. e. H. Lane (Div. Surgeon), and Sup ". Cocks (Betteshanger Diyision), and rcprcsentativC's fro m the Victoria Hospital, Fire Brig-ade and British Legi oll (Women's Section), etc.

The toast of "The Deal and Walmer Division" wa given by the Mayor who, afLer expressing apprcciatio n o f the work the Division was doing in the town to-da, referred to the enormous importaricc of thc work might, in these times of international trouble and distres s, be called upon to do to-morrow. In closing, he paid a glowing tribute to the services of Dr. Davies and COll grat1!lated the Division on having a Divisional Surgeo n of hIS stamp .

Long service medals were then presented by the May o to Supt. Pocknell, Amb. Officers Gage, Sergts. Hinds an Hambrook, Corp1s. Sabine, Moat and Minter, and Pte s e. Cox and Curling.

Responding to the toast, Dr. Davies said he wa s now particularly addressing the public. A new ambulanc e having every comfort, had just been purchascd at a cos of £750 , and he appealed for more subscrihers to thL ambulance scheme, whereby for a minimum annua l sub · scription of one shilling they could have the services o r the amhulance free within a three-mile limit. In 193 6 3,200 people took advantage of this scheme, which hrl. (l provided them with £230. This year they needed to dl eyen better. Dr. Davies referred in terms of apprecia tlOn to the work of Transport Officer Wickens, whos e absence he much regretted. Mr. Daniels suhmitted th toast of the "Ladies a n d Visito r s" and in t h e cours p of his remarks said that the D ivision carried on a important work in the dist r ict, which was not appre ciated as it sh ould be. He was ve r y m uch st ru ck by

FIR S T

what the Doc t or had said about the number of sub'icribe rs to the ambulance scheme. They had about 3,000 'lnd yet in the Borough the Bu r gesses numbered over 12000. He asked the public to think what the Division do with another 9,000 shillings, and appealed to the m to come up to scratch.

Alderman e. U. R. Cavell responded in a humoroll \'('in , and added that the Division \\as as great an a set to the town as the Fire Brig-ade.

A dance) with a cabaret by the Deal Playcrs, C0111[ll€.ted the programme) and the committee are to he congrat ulated upon. the organization of Stich a successful and (njo ya hie [unctiOn.

No IX D istrict

Exeter \\as the venue of the o. 9 District Finals ht.ld on aturday, :l\larch 20th

EIght tealw competed in thc men's te ts, the judges b('mg County 'urgcon Dr. :l\Iorton Palmer (team), Dr I. G. \V. Sdunder' and \\'. J. Palmer (individual); ( unt y C01l111l issioner H. J. Vick and Asst. County Cc mmi siol1l.r E. Hoerman (uniforms).

The result was-1st and Smerdon" Shield, t. g, lzey, 3..j.n marks; 2nd and .< Lennard " Cup, Portland, ,..j.8; 3rd, Poole, 4th, Exetcr City Police, 5th, PI) mouth Central, ; 6th, Torqua), 303!; 7th, Liskeard, 8th, Raih\ay, 265.

The trophies were prc.sented by the deputy l\Iayores (. irs. H. e. Rowe) at the subseqllent presentation meeting, ttt which Coullty Commissioncr II. ]. \ -ick presided. werc made by COllllty Officer G. \Y Hin u ton. of PaigntoJ1, Lady County ,'lllll. MISS Hardie T l'k 'o n, 'orp' Supt. C. J. Edward , and Lad) Corp lIpt. F. K \\ ood.

Le tters to the Editor.

\\'e are in I'll) \\:1) re"pon..,iblc for exprcs ed, or statCL11ents maJe, by orrespl)ncknt. -EDiTOR.

T)O :"11.\

1)1 \" m,-

On r ading the article' 'Too :\Icdnls," by A. '. C., 10 )l) Ur Januaq issue, I wa tempted to ask my elf whether it was intended a deliberate challenge or \.\·hether the write r set down his own hone t cOLwiction .

If the latter be true, then surely it must not be allowed to go unchallenged, for it is puerile to suggest that the S J.A. B. and other kindred bodies are in danger becausE' member' are becoming imbued with a spirit of s Ifglo riGcation and are developing the" pot-hunting" habit.

It certain ly is custOlJllllY to speak of ambulance work as d. sama ritan-like mov ment, and it i ridiculou to infer that the receipt of a meda l or cup-to earn \-\'hich has entailed co nsiderably more hard work t han is demanded by B ri gade ru les-makes professional worker of us all.

It cannol be den ied t hat s u ch a colossal vol un tary as our own needs something to in terest and to ke ep Its members together Lo ne first a iders ""o ul d be a da nger to the community, b u t as an organi ed body we pe rform an inva l uab le service to the public. The drills and we attend are an attempt to brido'e this gulf, b u t in ttme they tend to become rather a bore a nd it i here that pernicious system of "medals , c u p; an d a wards" proves Its usefulness.

A I D. 259

We a r e taught that competition work imp r oves our efficiency, b u t is it not also a method to keep u') interested i n the work, for those who a re competito r s will strive to reach thei r goa l, whilst their pals will keep up their attendances in orde r to encou r age them.

,< A A.C." would impress upon us that there was no system of a,vards or praises from the Press for that little boely of enthusia ts who first raised the First .\id Standard and who were largely respon ible for keeping it flying. would \'enture to expres the opinion that were the system, which has built the mo\'ement to its present st rength, to be abandoned, our numbers ,,,auld immediately fall and the Brigade would once mo re become a small banJ of enthusiasts.

Yours faithfully, C. B(;sH.

DEAR SIR,

I have read with much interest the article ,,,hich appeared in your January issue headed "Too :'Ilan)' :'Iledals." Tbere is, no doubt, a great deal in what your correspondent say, and I End myself wondering wbether the large number of awards in the sbape of medals a nd prize offered as an inducement to people to take up first aid work are not resulting in our getting to the position where it is a case of << quantity" instead of << quality," whereas, of course, the rever e hould be the position.

I candidly confess that as a Centre ecretary of oyer thirty years' experience, I am worried at times becau e I feel that we are not getting the same standard of "'ork a exi ted in my early days, despite all the a,,'ards which are offered, and it undoubtedly is a fact that more than ever there is a spirit of "\Vhat am I going to get out of it" when an approach is made to a man to join the A.mbulance who has not pre\ iously taken interest in the \\·ork.

I am entirely in accord with your corre pondent's point of view in empha ising that tIle true ambulance worker is one who seeks no re\\'ard in money or kind, but is one \\'ho e sale desire is to sen'e his fello\ys in time or emergency .

I pay tribute to the thousands of ambulance \\'orker who sti ll come under this latter category, and if your correspondent's article has tlJe effect of bringing home to even one person the joy to be experienced from haYing rendered a sen' ice ,,·ith no thought of fee or reward, then it will ha\'e served a u eful purpose.

Yours faithfully, <lONE OF THE OLD < BRIGADE '"

The semi-final round of the ,< Wood" Shield of the Yorkshire Collieries Am bulance League ,,-as held on aturday, April and as a r esult the following teams will contest the fi n al to be held on aturday, April 24-th, at V/ath-on-Dearne: Altofts \\ Test Riding, \\ ath Main, Pontefract Collieries, New St u bbin.

SOC I ALE V EN T S.-The

attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

Przory for Wales.

RECORD YEAR'S CLASS RESULTS.

The continued rise in successive years' class results, from a total of 2,500 awards issued in 1919 to 15,837 within 1936 or 4-6 more than the 1935 figure, indicate that, while classes have been springing up in greater and directions year by year, there :till remain fresh. fields 10 which the potent seeds of first aid and home nurslOg have yet to be sown. Such an inference becomes apparent upon a closer examination ot the table. of figures below, which shows an increase of 1.60 10 SeOior First Aid Certificates and 23 Home NurslOg Certificates. Further. the total of 956 classes examined or re-examined is fifteen more than the 1935 figure. The record of awards gained does not take into account the growing number of cadet members who for the sake of economy are being reexamined for Brigade efficiency in place of the Brigade Surgeon's examination for Preliminary Certificates.

Monmouth, in which connection the usual competitions will take place on Friday, July 23rd. .,

As in former years, the Priory for Wales IS .responslble for organising the ambulance contests a.n? duties.. Entry forms for the following Eisteddfod competitions, which take place on the 2nd and 3rd of August, be obtained from the General Secretary, Eisteddfod Office, 1achynlleth, who must receive entries by May 1st :-

1. The" Lady Lewis" Cup of the Pri?ry for. opens to teams of 5 men recog!:llst::d First A.ld Certificates with monetary pnzes of .£ 10, .£ 5 and £1.

2. "Lady Bute" Cup of the .ror open to teams of 4 women recognised FI.r t A.ld and Home Nursing Certificates, With monetary pnzes of £3 , £2 and £1.

3. The" Isca" hield with prizes of ,£3, £2 and £1. and a special medal presented by the Eisteddfod Committe e

Home NUlsing Hygiene

Most of the County Councils in Wales include First Aid and Home Nursing in the subjects for study in Evening Continuation Classes, but the entrar,ce fee of 4/ - appears. to be a hind race in the case of the G lamorgan EducatlDn Authority whose ambulance have dropped from ??, with 777 successful students \0 1932, when the Council s own awards were abandoned in favour of those of the Association, to 48 with 539 students in 1936.

Great Western Railway classes in Wales were attended by 3,432 students, of whom 2,992 obtained awards, 54.more than in 1935 and of the 688 students of L. M. S. Railway classes in 606 were successful as compared with 586 for 1935.

Mention might be made of efforts calculated to disseminate a practical knowledge of first aid and home nursing knowledge among the women's institutes and clubs organised under the South Wales and Council of Social Service. Though only elementary 1Ostruction has been given in these directions, which does not affect the figures in any way, there is every possibility such a preliminary introduction impl.ant a tion to master thoroughly a subject With which every woman should be familiar.

COMPETITION ANNOUNCEMENT.

Ambulance competitions will be a feature of the two popular Welsh National Gatherings, viz. the Royal National Eisteddfod to be held at Machynlleth during August Bank Holiday week, and the Royal Welsh Agricultural Show at

to each member of the team winning the fir prize, for teams of boys belonging to certain juvenile org-ani under 18 years of age, resident in \Vales or l\lonmouthshlre.

4. The "Gwent" Shield, with prize of £3, £2 and £1, and a special medal presented by Eisteddfod Committee to each member of the team \\ lnnlOg the first prize, for teams of girls belonging to. juvenile organisations, under 18 year!:. of age, reSident 111 vVales or Monmouthshire.

5. The" Dr. R. D. Thomas" Cup, presented bv the Commissioner for Montgomeryshire, will be awarded to the men's team from the counties of Cardiganshire, lerionethshire, Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, obtaining the highest number of marks.

FIRST

r ecognised Society. First Prize £3 0 Od. Second Prize £ 2 0 Od.

3. "Arnallt Jones" Shield, open to teams of St. John Boy Cadets in Wales and Monmouthshire, the members of w hich must hold a "First Aid" Junior Certificate of the O rder of St. John. First Prize £2 10 Od. Second Prize £ 1 10 Od.

Entries, accompa nied by a postal order for 2/6d. entrance fee must be sent to the Secretary, Royal Welsh Agricultural Sh ow Offices, \lonmouth, by July 3rd, 1937.

Poli ce Ambulance News.

PO LICE ATIONAL Fl RST AID CO 1PETITION.

This month we are publishing the marking sheets of lh te sts given to TO. 1 and Nos. 2 and 3.

0. i. - You are walking in the country and at a rightl d ed hend of the road you notice a motor-cycle stuck in the h edge. Looking over the hedge you see a man lying face downward in a shallow ditch, in which there is water. His c lothes are wel. Examine him and render first aid. T;me allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when you receive this l'a d

N o l e by lh J - Competitor and patient each to IUl\e o n e large handkerchief in their pocket. After five min ut es to be told that a farm carf _ with dri\'er is coming along- the road. taging to represent hedge and motorC\cle Envelope in patient' pocket giving his name and rddress.

Rap idly hasten to patient 1

Gent ly a nd \\ ilh great care move him from ditch 1

La\' him on his back 1

lIe'a d turn ed to one side 1

'ole if he is breathing ()e ) 1

'at ur e of breathing ( hallow)... 1

Co lo ur of face (pallid) 1

Odo ur of breath (nil) 1

State of pulse (rapid) 1

P upil of eye (equal) 1

Do they react to ligh( (yes) 1

If eye balls touched does patient object (yes) 1

Does he respond if poken to (no) 1

Co nc lusion arri\ ed attate of stupor (Yes) 1

U ndo clothing around neck 1

C ndo clothing around chest 1

U ndo clothing around waist 1

N ote if any hcemorrhage is seen (no) 1

E xamine scalp, temples, back of head for injury (none) 2

E xamine ears, nose for hremorrhage (none) 1

E xamine mouth for blood (none) 1

E xamine upper limbs for fracture or dislocation-

A I D. 261

Lower limbs (none) 2

Find envelope in patient's pocket giving his name and address 1

Judge: A farm cart is passing along the road.

Stop passing cart and ask driver if he can take the patient home (yes) 1

Instruct driver to form a 2-handed seat 1

Carry patient on 2-handed seat to cart 2

Load into cart

Keep head low 1

Knees bent 1

Accvmpany home, carry indoors with driver's help and lay him on sofa

Cover warmly and telephone for doctor 1

Carefully watch patient 1

50

Nos. 2 and 3.-You have been detailed for duty at a Railway Goods Yard, where crates containing valuable articles are being unloaded from a van. One of the crates overturns, and a porter who is trying to get it into position slips, and is knocked down by it, his left leg being pinned underneath it. In his fall he catches his right chest against another crate.

He cries out, saying he has great pain in his chest and left leg.

There is a telephone and a First Aid haversack in the goods yard office, and there is one bystander. Render £:st aid. Time allowed 8 minutes, beginlling when you recelve this card.

NOTE BY THE JUDGE.-Patient to be lying on his right side, with a box across lower part of left leg. One bvstander allowed. Telephone and ambulance haversack in goods yard office. Site of fracture of leg to be marked by sticking plaster.

Hasten to patient... 2

Tell him not to move 2

Obtain help of bystander 2

One competitor to take charge of left leg and not let go 3 Deduct 5 marks if leg not held.

The other competitor and bystander to move crate from leg 2 end bystander to fetch ambulance haversack 1

On his return tell him to telephone for doctor 1

And ambulance 1

(Bystander away 3 minutes.)

Examination of left leg.

Is there any pain (yes, patient is crying out with it) 1

Where (2 inches above ankle) 1 Swelling (yes) 1

Irregularity of bone (yes) 1

Deformity (yes) 1

Unnatural mobility (yes) 1

Crepitus (yes) 1

Latter two not to be sought for 2

Is there any bleeding (no) 1

Conclusion-simple fracture of left tibia (yes) 1

Maintain support of left leg 1

2

1

,

6. The" Mrs. J. C. Ashton" Cup will be to the women's team from the counties of Cardlganshlre, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, obtaining the highest number of marks

The programme of events at the Royal Wel.sh Agncultural Show at Monmouth includes the folloWlOg three contests :-

1. Silver Challenge Shield, open to teams of men in Wales and Monmouthshire, the members of which must hold a "First Aid" Certificate of a recognised Society. First Prize £3 0 Od. Second Prize £2 0 Od.

2. Silver Challenge Cup, open to teams of ladies in \\-'ales and Monmouthshire, the members of which must hold a "First Aid" and "Home Nursing" Certificate of a

Right - Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, wrist and hand (none) 2

Left-Clavicle, scapula (none) 1

Examine Humerus-

1. Deformity of shoulder joint (yes) 1

2. Swelling- of shoulder Joint (yes) 1

3. Is joint fixed (yes) 1

Diagnose dislocated shoulder... 1

Make no attempt to reduce 1

Place left arm in small arm !>ling- (handkerchief) . . 1

Tie arm to side wIth a broad bandage (handkerchief) 1

Further examination for injuries.

Left radius and ulna, wrist and hand (none) 2

Ribs and sternum (none) 1

Pelvis and spine (none)

1

Examination of right chest

Any pain (yes) 1

Is it sharp and cutting (yes) 1

Especially on deep breath (yes) 1

Is breathing short and shallow (yes) 1

Position of pain (middle of right chest) 1

Is patient coughing (yes) 2

Is there froth in his mouth (yes) 2

And blood (yes) 2

Is blood bright red (yes) 2

Diagnosis-Complicated fracture right ribs 2 (Byst,,!-nder returns. Judge: Doctor will be here in 5 min., in the meantime treat the patient. Ambulance will arrive in t hour.)

Treatment of left leg.

A friendly com petition between the City of London Police, "J" l\letropolitan, and City of London Special Constabulary, was held at the Headquarters of the latter Force on 'Wednesday, March 24th.

Capt. A. C. \iVhite Knox judged the work and set a test with himself as patient and a scrutineer taking notes of work done.

Those present included Sir Hugh Turnbull (Commissioner), Capt. Davison (Asst. Commissioner), Chief Supt. Booth, Chief Inspectors Hayes, Lucas and Green of the City Force, Supt. Martin and Chief Inspector Challis of "J" Division, Sir Dudley Pryke, Major Chalk (Chief Staff Officer), Commanders Emery and Craft of the City Specials, and Commandant Dawe of " J " Division Specials.

Chief Supt. Booth presided over the supper party which followed. He said he was delighted that Sir Hugh had been able to witness the competition, and welcomed the members of the " J " Division and Specials.

The result of the competition was 1st, City Police" A ", 2nd, City Police" B ", 3rd, "J" Division, 4th, C. L. S. C.

This competition was the third of its kind, and it is hoped to arrange similar functions in the near future.

METROPOLITA '.

On Saturday, April 3rd, a competition for the" DaltonSagar-Musgrave" Challenge Cup was held at Peel House, between members of the "c" Division Metropolitan Regulars and Special Constabulary. A twenty minutes team test was given and judged by Captain F E. Bendix.

Members of each team were invited to join in a sing -song in the gymnasium at Peel House, when suddenly one of the party mounted a chair placed on a table, in order to toast " C "Division. The chair slipped and he felJ to the ground, sustaining a fractured leg, strained biceps muscle, compound

AID.

fracture on the forehead and n wound on the back of the band.

Tbe competition resulted as follows :-1, Tottenham Court Road Station; 2, Vine Street Station; 3, Special Constabulary; +, Great l\Jarlborough Street Station.

At the conclusion of the contest Commandant agarl\lusgra\'e presented the trophy to the winning leam and in addition, a clock to each member of the team.

Supt. Dalton thanked Captain B ndix for hi "err valuable assistance and in the course of his remarks stated he hoped the competition for thi Cup would continue annually and that by the experience gained it would as ist in regaining possession of the" Pim " Trophy.

Some really excellent work was done at the II F" Di,ision Inter Sub-Divisional competition for the ":\lajor Tomms" Cup, held on Thursday, April 8th, more epeciall)' as the competitors were all no\'ices. This Di\ ision is ende2 vouring to get togethl!r some re ene for the I'\ational team, and after witnessing the above competition we can say that they have already succeeded in this respect.

Dr. R. V. Steele set and judged team and indi\ idual tests and was agreeably surprised at the effort of the competitors.

Each member of the" Pim " team undertook to train a team and one could see the of exoerienced COI11petitors in the work; but it will not be long before the new members will be knocking at the first team's door.

At the close of the competition, 'hief 1n rector Brigg::" who acted as competition secretary, thanked Dr. kele for his great and also that rendered b) the "tewards including In pector James, G" Di\ision, and ergt.:ant Wheatle\' , Peel House.

Dr. - Steele congratulated the competitors on the efficiency and keenness, and quickly ran through thl' tl'sh pointing out wbere slight error had occurred.

The result was: 1st and" Tomms "Cup, l11l!dab and prizes, Notting- Hill Gate, 228 mark::. out of 260; 2, Kensington" A," 220 ; 3rd, Ham mcrsmith " :\," 217 ; 4th, Kensington "B," 5th, Hammersmith "H, " 6th, Chiswick, 196. Highest individual pair, P. C. 's LakL and Ed,,·ards, Tos. 2 and -+ of Kcnsi ngton "B " team.

The trophies, m dais and prizes were rre::,ented to thl! successful competitors b) Supt. D. Stewart.

THE

Revie w s. :'IIAI T POI l TS FROl\l THE OF CHE:\lICAL W.\RFA.RE

A PECT.

By K. Shallcross Dickin 011, 1\1. R. C. S., etc. London: John Bale, Sons & Curnow, Ltd. Price IS. net.

It is said that the best way to master any subject is tt) compile your own textbook. Dr. Dickinson evidently is a firm bl:liever in this dictum, becau e he presents this bookleL, which consists of blank pages with printed heading- and sub-headings only, and is so designed that students may write down the main points for themselves. By Lhis means facts will certainly be more easily memorised and an intelligent grasp obtained of the possible consequences of Chem ical Warfare

The sub-headings for the War and Non-War Gases cover (1) description, chemistry, persistency lind meLhod of USt, and (2) toxicity, injuriES resulting, signs and symptoms, treatment and decontamination, ample space being available for the insertion of notes under the different poinLs. In the same way sub-headings figure in the pages available for notes on decontamination, gas-proofing a room, characteristics of modern aircraft, bombs and respirators

Ratlway Ambulance News.

The In ter- RaHway Com petition.

The prelIminary rOW1d for ungrouped Railways \\ as Ildd at St. John's Gate, on March 19th, and judged by Ur. M. 1\1. Scott, of London.

The result was-1st, Cheshire Lines Committee, marks out of 4UO; 2nd, M. & G. N. J omt 302, 3rd Mdro politan Line, L..P.T.B., 4th, S. & L.M.S: J (Some rset and Dorset), 28n. Cheshi re Lines Committee, together with representa.1 e of the Great Western, London Midland and Scottish ; nd Londo n and North-Eastern Railways, will therefore LOlllpct e In the final competitlOn to he held on Thursday April 22nd, at the Gt. Central Hotel, London.

We st e r n.

'1 hL Company's final cumpetltlOn, beIng the contest IH.:.wec n the eight teams selected from an onginal entry 01 26.b, took place at Paddmgton un Apnl 6th. The adjud Icators were Dr. S. McCormac, of ewport and ..)r. W. J. Crawford, of Southall who J uduld the' team dnli II1di\ Idual work resjJecllH:ly. The test: \\ ere excell.!lltly staged, team tc:st n .: presentll1g a lorry ll1volved III a level accldull, \\ hIle the l11divldual work udutle d aCCide nts II1 the Zooluglcal Gardens and to a teL jJd:ssLIl.ge r. L?unng the day, llumerous spectators from ad pa rts 01 the ll11L, watched the work of the competitors \ HII keen interest.

1 he Chairman U1 the COllljJall) SIr Ruben Horne IDE L C 'd d •• .,.r-.. preSl e u\ er the subsequenL presentation 01 tlward s, and, was by. Lord IJal mer Deput)

l:ha mnan, Sir Ralph Cope, ChIef Accountant, .l\lr. P. l.drpmae l, Chid l:.ngillcer, 11r. C. R. Dash wood, Assistant (Jener al Mallagl.'r and other officers of the Company.

ThL result uf the was announced by the Le ntre Secretary, MISS C. A. Ault as follows--1st DIrec tors' Shield Cheltenham 151 2nd ., 11 " C ,2" l:. up, Newport High Street, 145; 3rd, Palgnton, 141; 4th,. Barry, 133t. Other teams in order of merit were\\ IOdon, Plln1l1g, Aberdarc and St. B1azey.

Sir Ro.bert Horne said he thought it was to the good Iha t the DIrectors' Shield should be won by a team who had not hitherto had that honour. He referred to the fac t the G rea t vy estern Railway might be called the .PlOneers of I11dustnal fi.rst aid, the first railway class havmg been held at Paddmgton station in 1878, since hen 150,000 members of the staff had qualified in first (l11d There was no movement, he said, which the directors lad so much at heart.

h Sir Robert then presented the' trophies and prizes to t e firs.t four teams) and the" Butt" Bowl for the hio-hest place m the Beginners' class in the competitions 0 was awa rded to. the Aberdare team. An important part 01 the proceedmgs was the presentation of gold silver and me?als and ce,rtificate av.:ards by Chairman r exceptlOnally effiCient first aid rendered durinO' the ye ar 1936) as under ;_ 0

11 GOLD MEDAL AWARDs.-James Davies (Porter) Wind1111 End; Percy C. Inch (Guard), Stourbridg e J

SILVER MED,\L AWARD.-J Ohl1 E. Morris (Signalman), IJeterston.

BRONZE MEDAL AWARD.--Thomas Parratt (Carriage Cleaner), Taunton.

CERTIFICATE AWARDs.-Samuel H. Goodacre (Clerk), Noel Eschle (Moto r Driver), Neath; Thomas Pardmgton (Ticket Collector), Paddington; William J Martm (Ganger), Honeybourne; John H. Woollam (Signa}man), Borth; Frederick Lean (Signalman), Falmouth; Michael J. Green (Lengthman), Nelson and Llancaiach; En:r.ys E. Jones (Platform Porter), Llwynpia; Thomas J. WIllIams (Guar?), Treherbert; William G. James (Shunter), HIgh James J. (Porter SignalBnmscombe; RIchard W Elmes (Stores Issuer) Southall.

G. H. Iles proposed a vote of thanks to the a?Judlcators, and Dr. McCormac, replying on behalf 01 hllnself and Dr. Crawfor?, gave an interesting resume on the. work of the competitors, together with some sound adVice.

A v?te of thanks to. the Chairman on the motion of Mr. G. :S. Hodder (whIch was carried with acclamatlOn) and hiS acknowledgment, brought the proceedings to a close.

london, Mid land and Scotti sh.

BROMSGROVE.-In order to show their appreciation of IllS sernces t? the class, members recently presented Ur. Auld With a chromIUm-plated inkstand. 1\1r. J. Howorth handed over the gift and said how much benent the members had obtained from Dr. Auld 's lectures.

Dr. Auld, suitably thanked them for the present, after Whlcl-:, the certificates and vouchers gained at the last cxal11lOalIon were presented by Mr. T. L. \Villiams

CU.\TBURl\.--The annual dinner and social nenlOg \\ as held recently, about ?O persons being present.

After an excellent dmner certificates were presented the stu.dents of the past year by Mrs h.lchards. ThIS was followed by a yery pleasant social programme.

Short speeches :vere made during the evening by Mr. B aybutt and Richards, and a cordial invitation was gl\ ep Lo all rall\\aymen to join the class next winter se SlOn.

The secretarial duties were carried out by Mr. R. Seagar.

DERBY.-As a mark of appreciation of services to the Corps, W. S.t. A . John, medical lecturer, was presented WIth a pIece of Crown Derby china and M J. w :Va gg and W. W . Gilbert with monetary gifts. E. who over the gifts, referred to Dr. St. John s valuable services to the Corps.

Proposing the toast of "The Corps" 1\Ir P d h 90 1\. ugson mentlOne t at members passed the examinations in 1936. The toast of "The Guests" was proposed by Mr

W. Sinclair and Mr W. J. Blake proposed the health of "The Chairman."

LEICESTER.-The local indiyidual ambulance competition for the "Douglas Inman" Trophy, recently presented to the Leicester ambulance class by that gentleman, took place on Sunday, ]\larch 14th, and resulted as under:-

1, C. R. Hayes, 2, J. D. Popple, 36L 3, H. Clarke, 3:!-: nin e members competed. Possible 50.

london and North Eastern.

The Group Competition \\"as h eld on Wednesday, April 7th, when the winners of the North Eastern, Great Central, Great Eastern and Great orthern competitions met at J\Iarylebone to decide which two teams should represent

AID.

Mr. T. Smith (G.N Centre Secretary) proposed a vote of thanks to Capt. Goodley who had arranged the competition.

ORTH EASTER AREA.-On Saturday, March 20th, six teams, winners of the District Competitions, competed for the" Wharton" Shield and the right to compete with the winners of the other centres in the L.N.E.R. Group COI11petition.

Dr. R. A. Dench, of York) judged the tests and in the team test competitors were faced with two patients. Onc was unconscious and breathing had ceased whilst the other was in a state of stupor and suffering from a componnd complicated fracture of left leg and cut jugular vein. In the individual tests No. 1 and 2 had to deal with a man suffering from internal haemorrha ge into the stomach and collapse; ro.3 to state" What is Asphyxia?" and to treat a man overcome by smoke; No.4 with a patient Wll0 had su tained a dirty wound with arterial hael1lorrha cr e, :2 inches aboye left car; whil t o. 5 had t() examine ant!

FIRST

Mr. Willis has had a notable ambulance career. IIe first took an interest in 1902 and is still actively associated with the ambulance movement, having passed 35 consecutive annual examinations . He was class secretary f r om 1902 to 1930, and has acted as District ecretary since 1918 In addition, Mr. Willis served as Chairman of the (Jcnera l Council of the orth Eastern Centre for a term ()f three years. He received a Vellum Vote of Thanks for his services from the St. John Ambulance Association in January, 1922, and is a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. 11r. Willis has been a very valued member of the 1 Torth Eastern entre and spent a great deal of his leisure t ime in furthering the obj ects of the Association.

GREAT Ei\STE1Df SECTIOI .-At the final of the G.E. competition, held at tratford on \Vednesday, 17th, Parkeston " A,' for the fifteenth time, were ad judged the winners of the championship cup. Bishopsga te "13" vvere second, being but 3<l marks behind the wi nners, the actual marks being 262i against 25n. :t ratford Printing \Vork {( I" March, Parkeston {( B/' C;L I11hridg-c and King's Lynn followed in that order.

Capt. A. C. \ "hite Knox, M.C., ]\1.B., Ch.B., judged the team test in which competitors had to deal with a at il'nt \\'ho, in mcndin<Y an electric light cable, fell from ,\ lL-p laduer. 011 cxamination the patient \Va found to he sulTering" from hurn both hand, bruisc on forehead,

AID. 26 5

Medals for 15 examinations and 15 bars for a further 5 years. Since 1929 the number of Gold Medals awarded members of the Centre was 220 and 191 bars. The movement continued satisfactorily and its success was due in a large measure to the assistance given by secretaries and first officers of the Division, to whom the thanks of the Company are due Col. Maudlin also referred to the excellent work of the Centre Secretary, Capt. W. G. Goodley, M. C.

Sir Gerald Talbot, K.C.V.O., C.M G., a Director of the Company, presented the championship cup to Parkeston; the "Mein" Cup to L. Hibberd, of Bishopsgate (highest individual); and prizes to each member of the teams.

Capt. Goodley, in thanking the stewards, who included District Officer Haines and District Sergt.-Major Elam of the S.J.A.B., mentioned that Mr. Hibberd was also captain of the Brigade team and in 1935 won the" Ellis" Cup for the best leader.

GREAT NORTHERN SECTION.-" You are called to a patient who, while working in a goods shed, fell feet first on to the concrete floor 20 feet below. There is first-aid equipment in the shed and a telephone in the canteen adjoining Glass is represented by fragments of white paper. Act." This ,vas the card in the team test of the G.N. Section" Officers" Cup competition, held at Liverpool Street on Thursday, 18th.

Upon examination, competitors found that the patient was severely injured, suffering fr om fractured base of skull, concussion developing into compression, impacted fracture middle of both femurs, fracture middle left radius and ulna, arterial haemorrhage palm of left hand haemorrhage from \vound in neck involving right carotid artery, fragment of gla s embedded in right eyeball. In spite of such an accumulation of injuries, each of the teams finished their work well within the allotted 20 minute, and in a yery efficient manner.

ir Ronald l\Iatthews, President, presided at the prize distribution. The teams present represented the ix districts into which the G N. Centre is divided, and each had won its district competition.

The final competition had been judged by Dr. ]\1. 11. cott (team) and Dr. Russell Steele (individual) and Sir Ronald hoped they would favour the competitors with their remarks on the work done.

Birmingham Ga ze tte photograp/,.

Presentation of County and Corps Shield and prizes by lr. J. F. Brook, District Passenger Manager, at the final of the Birmingham L. M. S. District Ambulance Competitions, Division 1.

the Company in the Inter -Railway and England versus Scotland competitions .

The judge was Major J. Orton, M.D., who set the following tests. For teams, a cyclist had fallen off his machine during an epilectic fit and sustained a fractured forearm and was suffering from shock. Nos. 1 and 3 had to deal with a man who had fallen on a live rail, was unconscious, not breathing and had burns on legs; Nos. 2 and 5 fractured left leg and bleeding from right hand; No.4 hleeding from tooth socket.

At the completion of the tests Capt. W. Goodley, competition secretary, announced the following result: 1st, Parkeston, 241 marks; 2nd) Tyne Dock, 225i; 3rd, Dukinfield Works, 214l; 4th, Nottingham Victoria, The first two teams will represent the Company in the forthcoming competitions.

A vote of thanks to Major Orton was proposed by Dr. McBride to which the judge repli ed.

treat an unconscioLls patient suffering from morphia poisoning

At the completion of the tests Mr. S. Cooper, General Ambulance Secretary, announced the results as follows: 1st, Tyne Dock (Newcastle), 285 marks; 2nd) polic e (York), 260; 3rd, Micldl esb rough , 247; 4th, Hull Eas t Drypool, 23n; 5th, Shildon (Darlington), 226; 6th, Cross Gates (Leeds), 21 H .

Mr. C. M. Jenkin Jones, Divisional General Manager York, presented the cc Wharton" Shield) medals, and the {( Hornsby" Ambulance Challengc Cup to the success ful teams.

On March 6th, Mr. John Willis, District Ambulance Secretary of the Middlesbrough District, retired from the services of the Company, after 45 years activity on the railway

sprained left wrist, fractured left !co' ancl rio ht forearm a nel shock As the inj urie \\'cre faked and t he actual accident witncs eel by cach team the judo-e was there for marking only and did not questi;ns. . Capt. F. E. Bendix, ]\l.R.C.S., L.R.c.P., set and Judged the following individual te t: -" Your patient is a fireman who has fallen fr0111 the tender of a locomotiyc engaged in operations. He is suffering from ( 1) a fractured pelVIS, (2) a clean wound of the rio-ht side o f t.he forehead with capillary haemorrhao'e no foreIg n bodies, (3) a depressed fracture of the skull beneath this wound) (4) a clean wound, with venous haet?o rrhage on upper surface of left foot, with no foreign h.odles, (5) apoplexy Render first aid in detail." In allottmg marks the correct order of procedure was considered.

H. II. Maudlin, President, presided at the prese ntation function, and stated that in the year ended Septe n;,ber 30th last, 109 certificates, 84 vouchers, 84 mecia lhons, and 649 labels were gained; also 12 Gold

The result of the competition was :-lst, ottingham Victoria) 297 marks; 2nd, Drighlington, 3rd, Doncaster, 295; 4th, Hatfield, 2941; 5th, Boston, 285; 6th, King's Cross Loco., 2651-

The Nottingham Victoria team would, continued the President, represent the G N Centre in the Group Compctition) and he wished them the very best of luck.

Thirty-eight teams competed in this year's competitions; 952 awards were gained by members, a decrease of 132; 127 Long Service Gold Medals for 15 years' efficiency and 95 bars had been issued to the Centre.

Thanks were extended to the Medical Officers, District and Class Secretaries and Instructors, and also to ?Ilr. T. Smith, the Centre Secretary, for the time and trouble taken on behalf of the movement.

The judges then gave their criticism on the work which had been done very efficiently. Dr. Scott emphasised the fact that there were four men in a team and each must do their share of the work. Dr. Steele was pleased to note that haemorrhage received first attention in his tests

Sir Ronald Matthews presented the Championship Cup to the winning team and individual prizes to the members of a ll teams.

Parke ton' 'A" Team receiving the G. E. Championship Cup from Sir Gerald Talbot.

Southern.

By the narrow margin of H points, Waterloo "A" team were successful in again winning the Directors' Challenge Shield at the Southern Railway finals held on April 6th. Horsham No. 1 were the runI?-ers-up, and these t\\"o teams will represent the Company m the InterRailway Shield Competition.

As is usual the team test was excellently staged and portrayed a country scene. In fact realistic was the setting that one almost thought of gomg for a nice country walk on a real summer day. The teams were set an unusual test, which was as follows: "Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, are supposed to be out walking and ha:r e stopped to view the scene in front ?f them. .They witness what occurs and act accordmg to thelr senses. The team were seated and noticed two men working on a stile, which had just been One having finished his job went on his \'!ay, whllst the other has a talk with a woman and then ensued a " lovers' quarrel." The man loses head and attempts to cut the woman's throat and on observing blood running down her neck and "';rongly assuming that she is in a serious constates his intention to commit suicide. He proceeded to the stile, taking from his pocket a bottle labelled Lysol," making believe to from it, but actually throwing it over the other. slde of the stlle: He th.en jumped the stile and in domg so falls heavlly and hes

interest the work done and gave unstinted applause at the completion of each test.

The individual tests, following the usual custom, were held in private.

Ir. G. S. Szlumper (Assl. Gen. rresided aL the subsequent prizegiving ceremony, accompanied by Mrs. Szlumper, and supported by many officials of the Company.

The Chairman announced that since 1925, over 37,000 members had presented themselves for examination, an average of over 500 new members per year; and he was pleased to say that there appeared no sign of the interest flagging. During the last ten years, 266,000 cases had received attention, an average of 500 a week. lIe referred to the recent accident at Battersea and announced that the first man was on the scene in seven minutes. The services rendered on that occasion were of inestimable value and the Directors and Officers of the Company to pay high tribute to the work carried out.

The number of teams entering the competition this year was 113, a slight drop on last year owing to the fact that the competition was being held earlier and therefore the beginners' teams v.. ere unabl e to enter.

The Women's Competition had been won IIY Southampton" A" team.

In conclusion, the Chairman wished to express thanks to all who had made the function such a success, and referred to the fact that a team from the Southern had won the Inter-Railway Competition on 11 occasions out of 16; and in addition had been second on three occasions during the same time.

The result of the competition was announced by I\lr E. A. Richards, the Centre Secretary, as follows: - I t and Championship Shield, Waterloo , A," 27H; 2nd , Horsham No.1, 270; 3rd, Exmouth Junction No. 1, Other teams in their order of mer it "ere :-Ashforci Works" A," Barnstable No.2, ew Cross Gate o. 2 Southampton Central No. I, Faversham, Waterloo" B," Bricklayers' Arms o. 1, Eastleigh Running hed No. 1, and Hove.

Mrs. Szlumper graciously presented the trophies and prizes, and was herself the recipient of a bouquet handed to her by Miss G. Aitken, leader of otlthampton" A " team.

Com ing Events

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars ot fo r Lh· co ming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

APRIL.

22. - Inter-Railway hield Competition, Wharncliffe Rooms, Marylebone, London.

Round Yorkshire Collieries <C Wood" hield Competition

2)), Birthday Social Southgate Ambulance and Southgate and Finchley Nursing Divisions, Royalty Hall, Southgate.

28.-Annual Dinner, Addiscombe Di\'i ion, S.J.A.B. \IAY.

1.. - Padiham Ambulance and Nursing Divisions' Coronation Fair.

l. "Good <"'amaritan" Trophy final, Sth. Tet. Gas Co., East Greenwich.

Annual ompctitions Barnoldswick Cenrre, S.J.A -\.. Nightingale Anniver ary.

16.-Annual inspection Norfolk Divisions, .J.A. B., Senmore Parle

1 .- l. John .\l11bulance Brigade Juhilee Celebrations, Carden Part), l. James' Palace.

Ll St. John Ambulance Brigade Jubilee CelebraLions, Competitions, Gl. Central Hotel.

22 St. John .\mbulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations, Re\ ie\\,. Hyde Park.

2' - t. 01111 .\mbulance Brig-ade Jubilee Celebrations, Church Parade, l. Paul's Cath draJ.

25. t. John .\mbulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations, Investiture by II.:\1. The King.

29 1.: 30. - St. John .\mbulance Brig-ade Jubilee Celebrations, -\.. R. r. Course, Gt. Central Hotel.

JUNE.

:'I1rs. G. S. Szlumper presenting the Championship Shield to Waterloo" A" team.

in agony in the road. This was the signal for to act, and they did this very promptly. On exammatlOn, the woman was found to have a wound on the front of the throat not involving any of the main vessels and was in an hysterical condition. The man was. found. to ue suffering from an impacted fracture of the thIgh and severe shock. Many teams treated for pOlsonmg, but an examination of the bottle would have shown that the stopper had not been removed and that none of the contents had been taken. The nearest town was three miles away; an A.A. hut i mile in the other direction containing a telephone and certain ambulance material.

The actors and actress in this scene are deserving of O' reat praise for the way in which they played their parts.

1'he woman was a real nuisance to the teams, and it seemed that too much time was spent on her instead of looking after the more serious man patient.

However the onlooker can easily criticise; but there can be no that the huge audience fnllowed with

A vote of thanks to the judges-Dr. G. S. Phillips , of Gwauncaegurwen, and Dr. K. J. L. Scott, of Woking (team) and Dr. F. C. Cozens, of Herne Bay (individual)was proposed by Mr. Trott, captain of Horsham team, and responded to by Dr. Phillips and Dr. Cozens, who hoth criticised the work done.

Mr. Hatch, captain of the winning team, propos ed thanks to Mrs. Szlumper for her presence and for pre senting the prizes, to which Col. Szlumper replied.

Mr. W. Nettleship was awarded first prize at the annual examination of first-year students at the Silverwood Ambuclass. He also wins the Yorkshire Collieries'I\mbulance League Medal for best first-year man. Messrs. Oates and Norman \,vest were second and third respectively.

Ev ery pe nny spent on advertising creates presti ge , s tan ding and reputation for the firm that spend s it. It ma y oo t be discernable in immediate re s ult s, but the effe c t is certain and the power cumulati ve.

A I D. 267

sented to the Suffolk Branch for East Anglia for the eliminating round of the" Stanley" Shield, went to Norfolk this year.

The Commandants' meeting at the Council Chamber of the County Hall, Ipswich (kindly lent by the East Suffolk "ounty Council). was well attended. Air raid precautions was the main subject discussed, and Commander A. R. B. Phelp, R. N. (Air Raid Precautions Organiser for the East Suffolk County Council), gave an interesting talk.

The attendance at the Newmarket Gas Class has risen to 90. The lectures are being lSiven by Gaptain e. A. Kitchen, R. M. (Air Raid Precautions Organiser for Hampstead).

Dr. E. C. Cordeaux has been appointed Assistant Commandant to Dr. Borham (Suffolk/35, South wold). He has trained in A. R. P. work. Mr. Slipper, late Inspector of Pulice, has also been appointed Assistant Commandant.

An appeal has been launched by the Mayor of Reigate (Lt.-Col. Dudley Lewis, D.S.O., M.e.) for funds to enable provision to be made of a hut for the use of the Reigate V.A.D. (Surrey/58), The estimated cost is £950, and when the requisite amount has been raised the hut will be used for instructional purposes and stores

The date of the annual competitions of the Barnoldswick Centre, S.J.A.A., has been altered from May 1st to May 8th.

Mr. Leslie Pollard, of Bolsover, a member of the Bolsover Colliery St. John Ambulance Class, is one of the selected four workpeople to r eceive official invitations to the Coronation celebration.

5. No.1 (Prince of \\'ale 's) District Annual Inspection, Hyde Parle

8.- British Red Cros ociety Flag Day.

lO - London and North Eastern Railway England v Scotland Competition, Glasgow.

British Red Cr o ss Soci et y.

The annual report of the County of London Branch reveals steady progress. There are now 1,521 members a nd probationers, of whom 529 belong to the mobile catego ry, and will be available as reserve for the medical forces if mobilised in ("ase of national emergency.

The courses of lectures were attended by 3,852, compared with 1,716 in the previous year. Examinations held were 77, compared with 58 in 1935, and 2,250 candidates t ook them.

There were twenty-eight courses of lectures in first aid in chemical warfare, 2,430 attended, and 1,232 took the e"{amination.

BRANCIl. - - The "East Anglian" Cup pre-

The annual dinner of the Lo u ghborough Division. .J .A. B., was held on April 1st, when Councillor Freeman, Deputy Mayor, presented 2S men and 16 nurses with their air raid precaution certificates

During this year the Birkenhead Corps, S.J.A.B., comes of age. The Nursing Division intends to hold a dinner on October 16th, at which all past and present members are invited to be present.

The annual meeting of the Twickenham Division, S.J. A. B., was held on March 22nd, when Assistant Commissio n er S. J. Warren addressed the meeting, emphasising the importance of A. R. P. personnel.

The ann u al ind ividual efficiency cup competitions of the Stamford S. ]. A.B. was held on April 1st. The "Burghley" C u p, for sen iors, was won by Pte. W. McWeeney; and the " An ley H awes" Cu p, for juniors, was won by Pte. L. F. Do bbs.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Se c retaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St., London E. C

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J. A. B.

In the District Final Competitions held at Cheltenham last month, the test open to nursing teams who had gained first places in the County competitions was won by Cheltenham, who thus gained the" Whittaker" Cup and the right to enter Brigade Finals.

Viscount and Viscountess Bledisloe, President and Lady President for Gloucestershire, attended, and Lady Bledisloe kindly presented the silver bowl, her own gift, to the Cheltenham Nursing Division as winners of the Gloucester Cou n ty Competition.

No.5 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

NOTTINGHAM AREA.-The annual competitions for the "\Vinifred Gibson" Shield and the "Birkin" Cup were combined this year, and held at Bath-street Schools, Nottingham, on Thursday, 1arch 18th. Seven teams from the Nursing Divisions competed for the trophies.

Each team was given a team, practical and bedmaking test, for which the judges were :-Corps Surgeon Dr G. H. Parker, Nottingham Corps, team test; Div. Supt. F. Wilson Moulds, Nottingham, practical; Mrs. A. E. Wood, S. R. N., C.M.B., I.S.T.M., bedmaking.

In the team test, the members were called upon to deal with an accident in which a man had sustained a knife wound severing the brachial artery. During the course of the treatment, a workmate of the injured man collapsed, and also required first aid treatment. The bedmaking test for Nos. 1 and 2 consisted of making a bed for a patient suffering from asthma, who could not lie down. Nos 3 and 4 were required to change the bottom sheet of a patient in bed with a bed-rest and knee pillow

The result of the competitions was as follows :-

1, Nottingham City No.1, 191 marks; 2, Mapperley, 184 ; 3, Nottingham Central No.1, 180 ; 4, Basford, 157 5, Nottingham Central No 2, 6, Nottingham City No. 2, ; 7, Sutton-in-Ashfield, 139.

The trophies, together with individual awards to each member of the team, were presented to the winners by Mrs. G. H. Parker.

WEST RIDING, YORKSHIRE.-The competition for the "Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret" Cup was hel d at Rowntree's Cocoa Works, York, on Saturday, March 13th.

Eight teams entered, and the contest was a keen one. Dr. H. E. Lodge, Wetherby, judged the team test, Dr. Taylor, York, the oral, and Lady District Officer Miss Ashberry, uniforms.

The results were :-

1, Wetherby, 159! out of 200; 2, Acomb No.1, 158t; 3, York No.1, 158! ; 4, York No 2, 147t ; 5, Acomb No.2, 147i; 6, Rowntree's, 14 4! ; 7, Ha r rogate, 143i ; 8, Barkston Ash, 128t.

The Cup was presented by Irs. Sandys, wife of Brigadier-General W. Sandys, County Director of V.A. D., ana. chairman for West Riding. In addition to the trophy, each member of the winning team was presented with a pewte r Coronation tankard to mark the fact that they won in Coronation year.

No.7 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

The District Final Competitions for Nursing- Divisions from Shropshire and Herefordshire were held at the Town Hall, Hereford, on Saturday, March 13th. The 1st Shrewsbury Nursing Divi ion B team won the District Shield and also the" Exham Memorial" Cup for the hig-hest individual marks, and will compete for the "Perrott" Shield in the Brigade Finals

The membf'rs of tile winning team were Ambulance Sisters D. Lloyd White (leader), Frank, L. L. Woollam, M. E. Edwards and G. Paton (reserve).

The judges were: team test, Dr. Siddons and Sister James; individuals, Dr. Lubran; cadets, Dr. Caldecott. They awarded marks as follows :-

1, 1st. B, 214; 2, Hereford A, 186; 3, 1st. Shrewsbury A, 171! ; 4, Hereford B, 171 ; 5, 2nd. hrewsbury, 164t ; 6, Oswestry, 162; 7, Market Drayton, ; 8, Ross-on-Wye, (leximul11 2-1-5).

At the same time, a competition wa held for nur cadets of the district for a silver cup, kindly presented by Lady Forester, wife of the President. Trowbridge were successful after a tie with Hereford, their individual work being- the better. Ross-on- \Vye were placed third.

This was the first occasion that the Fore ter Cup had been awarded, and Trowbridge are to be congratulated on their success.

The prizes were presented by the l\Iayor of B dford, lr. Luard, who welcomed the teams, and spoke of the great heritage handed down by the old knights of the Order of St. John to their descendant, the men and women of the St. John Am bulance Brigade.

The Commissioner for Hereford, County Surgeon Dr. MacGregor, County Officer Dr. Edwards and others were interested spectators.

HAY NURSING DI\ ISIO .-The Committee and members of this Division were entertained to supper at the \\'y e Hotel on Friday, larch 19th Lt. -Col. C. G. ColeHamilon, C.M.G., D.S.O., attended, and present d certificates gained in the recent home eXoldl1ination to Miss K. V,Toodley, Mrs E. Fowler, Miss 1. Parry, l\Iiss Z. D obell, Miss L. James, Miss C. Davies and l\liss B. Jone , and a first aid certificate to Miss L. James.

The Hon. Mrs. Alistair Cooper, Lady County President, on behalf of the class, presented Nurse Morgan with a chromium plated hot water jug for her service as instructres s during the session.

No. 8 DISTRICT, S. J .A. B.

On April 3rd, nine teams from Nursing Divisions of the Dist r ict entered for the District Final Competition, and were awarded the following marks :-

1, Herne Bay, 362; 2, Maidstone, 325; 3, Redhill and Reigate, 306 ; 4, Dover, 304 5, Seaford, 293 ; 6, Tunbridge We ll s, 293; 7, Guildford, 292; 8, Cobham, 278; 9, Gravesend and Northfleet, 270.

Mrs. Richards, wife of the Commissioner, kindly presented the trophies and prizes to the winners, the" Cotton" Shiel d to Herne Bay and the" Chill" Cup to Maidstone.

FIRST

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A competition for Nursing Cadets was also held, the teams being placed in the following order ;-

1, Folke tone; 2, Ramsgate ; 3, Cranleigh 4, Crawley; S, Hastings; 6, Chatham; 7, l\Iaidstone ; 8, Guildford. Folkestone Nursing Cadets were presented with the " l\lrs. Falwasser" Cup.

In addition to the above, the County trophies had been won by: Herne Bay (" Decies" Cu p), l\laidstone (' Nurses' " Cup), Redhill and Reigate (" Onslo\v " Cup), Seaford (" Sir \\'m. Gentle" Cup), Guildford (" Ethel Deane" Cup); Folkestone Nursing Cadets (" Reynolds" Cup), Cranleigh (" Blades" Cup), Crawley (" ussex" Cup).

No.9 DISTRICT, S.].A.B.

Seven teams from Devon, Cornwall and Dorset competed at the Castle St. Hall, Exeter, on Saturday, l\larch 20th, in the District Final Competitions open to Nursing Di,-isions.

The judging "vas carried out by Dr. Toogood, County Surgeon for Cornwall, team test; Sister Rabett, home nursing and bedmaking; Dr. Helen Bumstead, after-care; Dr. Carter, individual tests; Lady COUllty Supt. 1rs. TO\\'nsend, uniform.

In the team test, the scene presented was that of a kitchen in which an explosion had occurred. Near the gas stove the door of which was hanging loose, was a mantel, 1'1 h II piece on which were some ornaments, w 11 e t e patlent lay stretched out on a mat with her head resting on a coalA box of matches was by her side. There was al 0 provided a kettle of boiling water and an old newspaper.

The marks gained were :-1, Weymouth, 301!; 2, Paignton, 296; 3, Barnstaple, ; 4, Sherwill, S, Redruth, 248 ; 6, Plymouth Central, 230i ; 7, Poole, 230.

In the unavoidable absence of the Mayor and l\layoress of Exeter, the Deputy Mayoress, Mrs. H. C. Rowe, presented the" Burn" Shidd to Weymouth and the "Ellis" Cup to Paignton, the County Commissioner, 1\lr. H. J. Vick, presiding.

COUNTY OF CORNWALL COMPETITIONS .-The County competitions for the Nursing Divisions and Cadet Nursing Divisions of Cornwall were held on Saturday, March 6(h, at Truro.

Redruth Nursing Division won the County Cup and the Blackwood Cup for bedmaking, and Falmouth won the cup for the runners-u p.

For the first time, the Cadet Nursing Divisions entered. The " Townsend" Shield, presented by the Lady County Supt. Mrs. Townsend, Dame of Grace of the Order, for annual competition among them, was tied by Hayle and St. Ives, each team securing 144 marks. In addition, they received individual prizes presented by Dr. Franklin Townsend. Cadet Nursing Divisions who entered were St. Neot (attached to Liskard Nursing Division), Hayle, St. Ives and Falmouth.

Mrs. Ivens-Knowles, C.B.E., who spoke of the value of the work done by nurses and cadets, distributed the prizes.

Amongst the judges were Miss Eden, Matron of the Royal Infirmary, Truro, and Dr. S. ] ones, of Hayle, Lady County Supt. Mrs. Balsdon was a very helpful judge of the cadet team tests.

Mrs. Townsend reported that the work of the Nursing Divisions in Cornwall has been highly satisfactory during tile past year, and that most of the .N ursing had tqken up air raid precaution work wIth great enthusIasm.

[RISH FREE STATE DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.

The annual competitions for Nursing Divisions were

held in the Brig'ade Hall, Dublin, on Saturday, March 13th , Lady District SuPl. Miss Blandford, being in charge.

Results were as follows:

Irish Women's Challenge Cup-1, Harcourt, ; 2, City of Dublin , 172; 3, Dun Laoghaire, 170. J DI A. T. l\IcKay, a sisted by Asst. Com. A. J. lacWdllal1l first aid team test; l\lis Stokes, home nursing team test , District Officer G. \V. Belton, individual first aid ; Di trict Officer 1\1 is Overend, uniform

II Overend " Cup for Home Nul'. illg Harcourt, 80 re cent. Three team entered.

"Dr. Webb's" Cup for Novices 1, Headquarter s, ; 2, IIarcourt, (Judges, Dr. A. J. O'Sulliv an assi;ted by upt. T. Crowley, first aid team test; Mi ss Saunderson, home nursing team test; Supt. J. Smurt hwaite, individual first aiel.)

" Overend " Cup for Horne Nur ing in the above COI11petition-Headquarters, 100 per cent.

The "pectators included Sir John Lumsden, Dr. Bent all , Air Raid Pre ca ution Staff Officer from London, Dr E. \Vebb and Ir. Seton Pringle.

AT ORTIIALu:wrO:>l.

Six teams entered from the Counties on alu ·day, March 13th, in an eliminating conte of th "StanlL'\ " Shield Com petition.

Difficult te ts in oral and practIcal \\'ork re oulted In a decided victory for East Lancashire, the team \\'ill go fOf\\'ald to the semi-final.

Officers from the l\Iilitary Hospital, Catterick a III were the judges; - Team test, TIiggin ; rractic Ci , Captain Swier; oral, CapL l\lacfarlane. They II followino- marks :-1, East Lancs., 832; 2, Durham, 3, North Riding, York s ., 779; 4, S:heshire, 5, Northumberland, 766 ; 6, \\ est Lane ., I08!.

V.A.D. INSPECTION AT CHISLEIIURST.

V.A.D. Kent 60, raised by the B.R.C.S., had it-, annu ,}1 War Office Inspection on larch 12th.

The detachment has 42 member, of Wh0111 18 al t' mobile. Most of them were on parade.

The Inspecting Officer said that in every branch of th etr work they had been first class, the detachment heing one f the best he had ever insp ected. The members appeared be very keen, and the Government be proud of detachment of this size and state of efTiclency. He ccgratulated them, too, on their p:oportion .ot mob members, a very g-ood number consldenng the ddnculty If fSetting people to join this class.

Colonel C. Pye Oliver, County Controller an? congratulated the detachment on tbe praise It had JU t He could not help but be impressed at every sta fie of the demonstration. He wished, also, to congratulate t he members on winning the "Yoland" Shield at the Cou n \' competitions. He was told that they had gone <l; further in the contest, and hoped they would WIO tl I, Stanley" Shield again this year.

Items (Divisional news and com petitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc .), for. this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Ed1tor, FIRST AID, 46, Canno nst reet, London, E. C. 4.

For the fourth year in succession the Colches tci Borough Police" A " team were successful in gaining t:1e first place in the annual contest for the Colchester Amb u lance Challenge Cup. Colchester S.J .A. B. were secon d The Mayoress (Mrs. Gerald C Benham) presented th " awards.

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B. R. C. S. CmlPETITION

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Que rie s will be d ealt with under th e following rules :-

1. -Letters c ontaining Queries must b e marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addr e ssed-FIRsT A ID 46, Cannon·street, London, E. C.4.

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Cou pon" cut from the current issue of the Joumal, or , in case of Queries from ab r oad, from a re cent issue.

3.- The T extbook, to which rerer ence may be made in this column is the 38th P928) Edition of S.J .A A. Manual of Fi rst Aid.

CARBON DIOXIDE RESUSCITATION.

A.H. (Barnsley).-I have read with interest the articles in FIRST AID on the use of Carbon Dioxide in resuscitation. It occurs to me that this remedy could be easily produced, if needed, from some common substances and that it could be administered while artificial respiration is being performed. If a saucer of lemon juice, orange juice or vinegar be placed near the patient's mouth and baking soda or washing soda be added a little at a time, a steady evolution of gas could be obtained. Another method "vould be to sprinkle effervescent health salts, sherbert powder or baking powder on to water. The gas would stay on the floor by rea30n of its high density, and c'Juld be deflected towards the patient's mouth by means of a piece of paper or cardboard suitably bent round the saucer. Do you think this procedure would be of any use in a case of asphyxia where a doctor recommends CO 2 but delay in obtaining a supply is dangerous? Or would it be meddlesome first aid, worthy of only-" Tut! Tut //?"

Carbon Dioxide is only effective as an aid to the resuscitation of asphyxiated patient, if it is administered in concentrated form. Consequently your suggestions, ingenious though they be, would a\'ail nothing in such emergencies. - N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMlNATION HOWLER.

J. W. (Whitchurch).-In a' recent examination I asked one candidate to tell me how she would distinguish Stupor and Collapse. To my intense amusement, she began her differentation thus: "Stupor is a jorlll oj stupidity ." When 1 interrupted her and asked if she rcally meant what she had said, I was amazed to hear her repeat her" stupid" statement.

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

FRACTURES OF CLAVICLE AND HUMERUS.

W.e. (Lydney).-Our ambulance class would like to know how to treat a man suffering from Simple Fracture of left Clavicle and Compound Fracture of left Humerus.

With such a combination of iniuries, shock will almost certainly be pronounced, and the patient will require removal on stretcher. Of the two, the Compound Fracture of Humerus is the more serious from the first aid view point and demands priority in treatment. rn these circum-

A I D.

stances I woule! concentrate on its treatment and content myself in keepinO' patient recumbent and the left upper limb in close contact with his body, ",: hereby the dang-ers of agg r avating the Simple Fracture of C avicle are e iminated. -N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF BLEED! G PALr.1.

B. R. (Southampton).-I have read with interest your reply on the treatment of Bleeding from palm of hand in the March issue of FIRST AlD. N ow, supposing that there is definitely no fracture of hand or limb and that there is se\ ere arterial bleeding from the palm, I ask if you would apply a tourniquet to the brachial artery whilst the wound is being examined and treated, or if you would prefer to have some one else compressing the radial and ulnar arteries " ' hilst you treated and bound up the wound in the palm. Meanwhile, 1 thank you for your kind reply.

If tW0 bearers are available, 1 am of the opinion that your second line of action is the correct one. The application of the tourniquet to the brachial takes a minute or two, whereas digital compression of the radial and ulnar arteries arterie can be made without loss of valuable econds and is immediate in its action.-N.C.F.

CO;\IPOU I) FRACTURE OF LO"'ER LI;\I13.

G.S. (Coseley).-lt has been a long standing- argument in our Division as to whether we should apply a figure-ofeight bandage to the feet in the ca e of a Compound Fracture of the Lower Limbs. \Ve think this bandage would tend to apply extension, and 0 be ontrary to the rules set down in the Textbook. Your opinion on this matter would be greatly appreciated.

While I question seriously if we can exert any degree of extension by applying a figure-of-eight to feet and ankles, I am firmly convinced that the advantages thereof are than the potential disadvantages, and that the figure-of.eig-ht bandage round feet and ankles will secure more complete fixation of the lower lilnb. After all, the warning- in the Textbook against the application of ex· tension to compound fractures is directed against deliberate traction applied to the lower fragments. In other words, if with such fractures I could bring the two feet more or less into opposition without exercising active traction, I should then tie the feet together, as best I could, by applying a figure-of-eight bandage round feet and ankles.-N. e. F.

TREATMENT OF ACID POISONING.

A H (Barnsley) - (1) Many so-called stoma.:h powders contain metallic carbonates and magnesia. Could these be used to neutralise an acid if the recommended neutralising acids are not available.

(2) I have read that if Oxalic Acid or Salts of Sorrel is known to be the poison it is better to give chalk or whitening and not magnesia. The two former yield an insoluble product with this poison whereas magnesia yields a soluble product, more readily absorbed. I mention these points in case you think them worthy of circulation among first aiders.

(1) Needs must when the devil d r ives! At the same time you know that the carbonates are not now advocated in the Textbook in the treatment of Acid Poisoning, because, brought into contact with acid, they let loose carbon d ioxide

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which may aggra\"ate the patie nt 's con diti on and \\"ill ce rtainly increase his discomfort by di tending his s toma c h.

(2) Your information is correct; a nd the adl1linistration of potash, soda, ammonia or of carbonate of potash in ca:.C's of Oxalic Acid Poisoning should be clYoided.-N C. F.

DILUTIO OF 10DI1\E.

.1.S . (Bo\\ es Park). - e\ eral colleag u es and I have been discussing the advisability of applying I odine to large wounds without Ilr t diluting to a certai n extent with water, as, ",hell applied « neat" it causes the patient pain, the latt('r being especially evident when the patient is a female. As we ha\'e alway used the Tincture without dilution, we would apprec iate your ruling in this matter.

I n an emergency, the possibilities of obtaining ste ril e (or recently boiled) \-\ ater are somewhat remote. Consequently I \\ ' ould ad\'ocate your trict adherence to the instructions of the Textbook even when the \\'ounds are large.

The protests against the use of Iodine are increasing in violence; and recently in a medical journal a doctor has been asking for the introduction of Friars Balsam as the first aid remedy for treatment of wounds Evidently he did not know that our discarded tbe latter in fa\'our of Iodine. In my opinion, mo t of the disad,' antages of Iodine result from its mode of application; and these would to all intents and purposes disappear if the Iodine were always painted once over wounds and surrounding skin and a ll owed to dr y before the dressings were applied.-N C .F

TREADIE1\T OF OPIUM POISONH:G. ,\. II. (Barnsley) -In regard to Opium Poisoning we are instructed, on p. 175 of the Textbook, to give 10 grains of potassium permanganate in a tumblerful of wate r ; and I find that even after five minutes constant stirring they are nowhere near dissolved. May I suggest the instructions of the Textbook should include" powdered " potassium permanganate as in Treatment of Snake bite (p. 133) and « warm or lukewarm water"? Since hot strong coffee is recommended, warm permanganate would surely do n(1 harm, and the crystals would be more completely dissoh·ed. In an actua case there would be a tendency to administer crystals hurriedly placed in water and given immediate ly. T he undissolved crystals cannot be seen until the glass is drained, due to the intensity of the colour of the solution. Do you think that sufficient permanganate disso l ves instantly in the circumstances named to render the solution strong enough to allay the effects of opium?

The fact that all the permanganate crystals do not dissolve at once in cold water is well kno\1.'n. This, however, does not necessitate any alteration in the instructions of the Textbook; and, of course, an efficien t first aid er would ensure that his patient only drank the solut ion, leaving the dregs in the glass. Any possibility of insufficient dosage is anticipated by the instructions to repeat t he q u anlity in half an hour.- C. F.

plicated by the prcscnc0 of internal Tr eat m e nt for the formcr is patient on back with knee!:>, h ead a nd s hould ers raised, whil t for the lattcr the head a nd shou ld ers are l o w ered \\,il1 you p lea e give your opi nion on t h e treatment to be given: l\ I any thanks for yo ur assistance on past occa!:>ions

Your question is incom plcte, because you uo not :.ay \\'hether the wound is transverse or vertical. i\ sUll1ing, howe\'er, that i t i:. trans\'cr e, I am of opinion that in the .: ir c um tances named th head and shoulders 'illould be kept nat in view of the intel nal bleeding and the as ociated disturbance of the heart's action while the knees should be bent, to approximate the 0dges of the wound and to pre\ cnt possible constr iction on the protuding intestine by the abdomina l muscles. In other word, both conditions arc grave and cause us to adopt a middle course con i tent with the efficient treatment of each. - N.C. F.

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T.S. (Blackpool).-l should be extremely obliged to )OU it you will settle the following knotty points for us :-

On page 228 of the Textbook, the Thoma!:> plin l can be used for any fracture of the Ieg-. If the bOIl L' protrudes, how can you apply the Thoma plint \\ ilhout disturbing the bone? Some of us contend tha t you should fasten the knees, but putthl:! leg- in "plil1t in exactly the position that you finu it, and fat0n the foa of the injured leg to the sound leg in \\'llate\er poitio ll you find the injured leg. For no maLLer how caref J I you are, the action of the mu c1C's on till..! injured Tibi will help to draw the bone in the wound. Will YO L please tell us, from a practical point of view, ho\\ \\l should handle a Fractured Tibia, bone protruding, It,!., in a bt!nt position, with or without Thomas rlint? ". await your reply and thank you in anticipation.

The Thomas Splint being re ' en ed ( for fir!>! aid unit trained to work tog-ether and elluipped with suitable appl iances," it follows that its application would be effected unduthe instructions of a medical officer who \\'ould settle al1\ problems such as you raise. For this reason, its descriptio; } is included in an .\ppendix to the Textbook.

In ordinary first aid \.\'ork you must of course :.tick t l the instructions of the Textbook, for which reason you suggested method of trealmen t is a pprO\ ' ed. - 1 C. F

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Journal for tbe -A.mbulance an6 3Jlut'sing

\lo. 515.-VoL. XLIII.

NOTICE TO R.EADER.S

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1 elegraphic Address-" Twenty·jour, London. Telephom-City 37IO.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

ED TORIAL ;-

Golden Jubilee of the .J .•\.B.

The St. John A.mbulance Brig-ade-Some otable

E\'ents in its Hi tory

S. J -\.B. Headquarters and District Reports

Ove rseas A. R. P.

" Blue Cross" Gas

St. John .\mbulance Brigade Final Competitions

,\rt ificial Re piration by Apparatus

Co lonel J. L. leeman's Return

Pri ory for \,vale s

P') lice Ambulance Tews

Pa ilway Ambulance News

Br itish Red Cross ociety

Dea th of lajor J. F. C. Hossack

llos pitallers' CI u b

O ur Nurses' Pages

Co ming Events

Rev iews

QUE RIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS ;-

Treatment of Heart Attack ...

Examination Howler

Hremorrhage from Internal Organ

EDITORIAL.

'VE have already referred to GOLDE:\! J UB ILEE the celebrations arranged in OF THE S.J.A B. connection with the Golden Jubilee of the Brigade.

During this month numercus functions will take place at which members At Home will be joined by representatives from Overseas, all under the one flag irrespective of class, creed or nation.

Overseas mem bers will incl ude those from Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, South Africa, Zanzi bar, etc., and some 400 representatives have made the journey to be present.

We welcome these members to England more especially as we are, at the same time, celebrating the Coronation of our beloved King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Both their Majesties show the greatest interest in the work of The Order of St. John and the St. John Am bulance Brigade. Evidence of their interest, if such were needed, is given in the Investiture at Buckingham Palace by H.l\I. The King, and the review by H.l\I. The Queen at the parade to be held in Hyde Park, two of the functions arranged.

The Brigade work to - day is a service which is of the greatest national im portance. Too much stress cannot be placed upon the fact that it is a voluntary service, and that no grants are received from the Government or local authorities for the work carried out. To outsiders these facts are hard to believe, but those who work under the flag of St. John are ever wiIIing to carry out the duties undertaken by their organisation.

Fifty years is a long time but the growth of the Brigade ha:3 proved its worth, and will be carried on by those who think of Service before Self-to give not to receive, who ever keep before them-

Pro P£de-Pro Utzl£tate H01ninzmz.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade.

SO ME N OTA BLE EVENTS IN IT S HI ST ORY.

TO-DAY we salute the memory of those pioneers who, in 1887, formed a " civilian organisation for civilian needs and as army and navy reserves." This was called the St. John Ambulance Brigade and was in fact an offshoot from the St. John Ambulance Association, which had been established ten years previously.

Such names as John Furley, Sir Edmund Lechmere, William J. Church Brazier, Sir William MacCormac and Dr. Sam Osborn come to the minds of those who know the history of the Brigade as the founders of an organisation which, to-day, has a membership of 100,000 men and women throughout the British Empire. Our pioneers could not have foreseen that from a membership of twenty to thirty which quickly grew to two or three hundreds the organisation, which was much ridiculed, would have risen to such numbers and that numerous authoritiesVi! ar Office, Home Office, Civic Boroughs, etc.would ask for assistance from it. Nevertheless to-day we have no greater example of its usefulness than the Govenment's request that the Brigade should undertake instruction of the general public in Air Raid Precautions.

Consider the names already mentioned-J ohn Furley, the pioneer of the present day stretcher and much other ambulance equipment; Sir Edmund Lechmere, to whose memory the St. 10 hn Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem is a standing tribute; William J. Church Brazier, who assisted the Director of Ambulance Department and afterwards the officer in charge of the Brigaqe and who became eventually its one (and only) Chief Superintendent; Sir William MacCormac, afterwards the first Medical Officer-in-Chief of the Brigade Dr. Sam Osborn, first Chief Surgeon No.1 District, for whose trophy members of No. 1 District still compete annually; Dr. Symons Eccles, who was the first Honorary Surgeon of the St. John's Gate Division, the first centre of the Me.trop?litan Corps, and who gave the trophy whIch IS to-day the award for the runners-up in the" Dewar" Shield Final. To these and others is due the present high standing of the Brigade. Of the insults which members of the Brigade endured when first they endeavoured to alleviate pain and suffering, " Body Snatchers" was but one of the mildest phrases used!

Undeterred they carried on, going about the

work in a quiet and unassuming manner, which attitude is still in evidence to-day, until the publi c realised that the St. John Ambulance Brigade wa s an organisation 'worth y of su pport.

The first Official Public Duty was undertaken at Queen Victoria's Jubilee, when 50 me n estabished three ambulance stations along th e route and dealt with 200 cases. Duties were als o undertaken at other Jubilee Celebrations; and th services of the Brigade were recognised by ,....uee r Victoria who awarded Jllbilee medals to 10h Furley, Dr. Sam Osborn and other members O L duty for that Jubilee.

To-day the country is divided into 10 District s with two extra Districts in Ireland; but at fir s there was just the St. J oh n 's Gate Di visio n though other Association Corps quickly forme d up, so were formed the and Provi n cial Corps. Gradually, however, the membershi r increased and the country was divided into it. present state, the Districts being split, whe n possible, into Cou n tie::,.

In 1889 the first General Regulations we r issued and the first list of Corps published.

Jul y 1890 saw the first Review of Iidla m Divisions, under the command of urgeon Maj or G. A. Hutton and Stuart Wardell. Genera Viscount Wolseley inspected 1,670 men on para de and watched with great interest their display 0 ambulance work. I ndeed, in his speech at th e close of the parade he forecast the useful ness 0 the Brigade to the State should war arise!

One month later the first Annual Camp 0 Instructions was held at which members from t h Metropolitan and Provincial Corps attended.

The honour of forming the first Nursin g Division in the Brigade is due to the Oldha m Nursing Corps and, in the Metropolitan Corps, t o Dr. A. C. Tunstall and Miss Blye Bourke, wh o established the unit which, now known as the N o. 1 (Stoke Newington) Division. Both units ha ve an unbroken record of service to the present da y.

On St. John's Day, in 1892, Chief Surgeo n Sam Osborn, accompanied by Lord Amhers t, Secretary General, and other members of th e Order, carried out the Inspection of the Metr opolitan Corps. This was the first occasion o n which the Brigade uniform was seen.

To Dunedin, New Zealand, fell the honour of

SOME SUPERIOR OFFICERS OF TO-DAY.

Top. -Dr. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief. Lady Perrott, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief. Centre.-Colonel C. ]. Trimble, Inspecting- Officer No. -t- District.

Colonel G. A. l\loore, As istant Chief Commissioner. Bottol11. -1'vIajor P. G. Darvil-Smith, Brigade Secretary.

Colonel C. 1. Ellis, Inspecting Officer, \Nest Counties.

Dr. W. C. Bentall, Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief and A. R. P. Officer.

establishi ng the first Corps of the Brigade Overseas. This was in 1892.

During 1893 many important events took place.

The first Royal Revie\V was held in Windsor Great Park where over 400 men paraded and demonstrated their skill and knowledge before H. 1. Queen Victoria, who expressed her appreciation of their efforts; the first Commissioner was appointed, Colonel E. T. Thackeray, V.C., with Chief Supt. Church Brazier as his principal assistant the first public duty by members of the l\letropolitan N ursi ng Division, in uniform, was undertaken; the" Symons Eccles" cup, originally called " Brigade Challenge Cup," was presented and was the forerunner of the numerous trophies which are now competed for annually.

To the Colne Corps, Lancashire, fell the honour of possessing a permanent Ambulance Hall in 1892 which, in 1894, was followed by a similar" home" for members of the \Vellingborough Corps.

The first Annual Report of the Commissioner was issued in 1894 and gave the strength, all ranks, as 4,706.

On March 9th, 1895, the first Conference of Officers was held at Northampton and, on looking through the list of names of those who attended, we notice many who to-day are still with us and taking a keen interest in the work. At this Conference the uniform of the Corps was adopted for all Corps and Divisions.

Also in 1895 the first five Deputy Commissioners in charge of Districts were appointed. It is noteworthy to recall that Co1. (then Dr.) C. J. Trim ble was one of these and that he is to-day stilI attached to the same District (No.4, Lancashire). Regulations received revision and warrants of appointments for officers were introduced.

!larch, 1896, saw the appointment of Sir William YIacCormac as the first Medical Officerin-Chief; and in April of the same year Assistant Commissioners rank was instituted to render help to the Deputy Commissioners.

To commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee the Association ""'organ ised three com petitions in 1897, that for the Brigade being won by St. John'S Gate Division. Also this year Sir Thomas Dewar, Sheriff of London, presented a shield, no\V known as the "Dewar" Shield, for annual competition, and in commemoration of the Diamond Jubilee.

During the Diamond Jubilee celebrations the Brigade did public duty, and along the line of route some 95 ambulance stations were established. Cases treated numbered 1,349, whilst a further 1,764 cases received attention at other functions. I n recognition of the work done by the Brigade Queen Victoria created the Commissioner, Col. Thackeray, to Knight Commander of the Bath,

and awarded Diamond Jubilee medals to all officers and members on duty.

In Us98 Colonel C. W. Bowdler, L.S.A., was promoted from Deputy Commissioner, No.1 District, to Commissioner of the Brigade, Co1. Sir E. T. Thackeray having resigned.

The first awards of the Conspicuous Service Medal were made by the Order during the same month. Later in 1898 the standards of efficiency was fixed at 12 drills, annual re-examination and attendance at annual inspection.

The year 1899 witnessed the outbreak of hostilities in 'South Africa; and within 12 days of the War Office appeal for trained volunteers 78 members sailed for South Africa. In allover 2,000 members, about a quarter of the totol strength, served in the A.M.C.

In 1900 the Naval l\Iedical Department invited the Brigade to provide reserves for the R.N.S.B.S.; and the War Office invited the Brigade to form five Bearer Companies. Also the title of the head of the Brigade was changed to Chief Commissioner.

At the funeral of Oueen Victoria over 700 men and nurses of No."" 1 District treated 1,305 cases whilst on street duty.

Sir \Villiam MacCormac died in December, 1901.

The services of the Brigade members at the Coronation of King Edward VII and ""ueen Alexandra were recognised by the award of King Edward Coronation medals.

In 1903 I nspector-Ger:eral Belgrave inn is, M.D., who had served as Commissioner of No.1 District, succeeded Col. Bowdler as hief ommissioner, and enrolment for R.N .. B.R. began.

Also during this year the first Juvenile Unit was formed by Sutton-in-Ashfield (Nottingham) Division.

In 1905, consequent on ill health, hief upt. Church Brazier retired after 20 years' devoted service to The Order.

March, 1906, the deletion of " Ietropolitan" from the No. 1 District. In 1907 recruitment was introduced for the Military Home Hospitals Reserves.

The Brigade at Horne had now a reported strength, after twenty years, of 13,865 men and 2,203 women. Brigade Beyond-the-Seas, 1,157 men and 863 women.

And so through the years the Brigade gained in strength and also established itself more and more with the police and local authorities, who relied upon the members in time of need.

(To be contt'nued.)

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SOME

No.4 (Lancash ire) District. E. A. Richards, No.8 (Duke of Connaught's) District. Major]. F. C. Hossack, No. 10 District. Captain W. Goodley, No.1 (prince of 'Wales's) District Centre. lajor A. Tennyson-Smith, County of Hampshire. Lieut.-Col. W. B. Cockill, Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland. Col. Sir Bertram Ford, Birmingham County. Lieut.-Col. C. "\tV. Eames, County of Shropshire. Bottom.-W. T. Atkinson, East Riding, Yorks. Lieut.-Col. W. Blackwood, County of Cornwall. Stanley Emberton, Counties of Northumberland and Durham. C. Gardiner-Hill, County of Oxfordshire. (More photographs next month.)

PRESENT-DAY COMMISSIONERS.

Top. - W. G. Smith,

St. John Ambulance Brigade

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District.

NEW CRoss -On Monday, April 19th, the New Cross Division held a social and supper, at which nearly 250 members and friends were present.

Capt. A. C. White Knox, 1\1. c., Asst. Commissioner, who was accompanied by 1\1rs. White Knox, presided, supported by Mr. W . Green, M P. for Deptford, District Officer Smith, Miss Grindley, Dr. and Mrs. Clein, Dr. and Mrs. Henriques, Div. Supt. W. H. Webb, and others. Sir Wm. \Vayland, President, Dr. Stanley Davies, and others, sent letters regretting their absence.

Supt. Webb said how pleased they 'were to see the Assistant Commissioner and Mrs. Vlhite Knox present. The Division was keeping up its efficiency and members prepared for any calls that might be made on their serVlces.

Capt. White Knox thanked the Division for its invitation and kind hospitality. He welcomed the guests on behalf of the Division and praised the work of the Divisional Surgeons. The speaker also referred to the Coronation duties which would try the resources of the Brigade.

1\1rs. White Knox presented 17 vouchers, 6 medallions , and 64 labels; also 10 certificates, 1 voucher, 26 labels and two seven-year Bronze Medals, to Messrs. F. Bishop and F. Wiles, to members of the Southern Railway Class of which 1\1r. W. J. Lyons is class secretary.

Amb. Officer Ball and Mr. A. C. Lassiter, vicepresident, are to be congratulated on the excellent arrangements made for the function.

TOTTEl:'HIAM.-On April 3rd, the Tottenham and Edmonton Ambulance and Nursing Divisions' annual dinner was held with Mr. R. J. Bradley, President, who

Councillor Mrs. E. A. Young, J P., proposed the toast of the Ambulance Division and spoke in appreciative terms of the work done by the members. Supt. Middleton responded and referred to the actiyities of the Division during 1936. They were now 53 strong and had carried out 2,025 duties and attended 76-1- cases. He thanked the men for their loyal support and paid tribute to the assistance giyen by the ursin g Division.

Lady Supt. Miss Parish responded to the toa t of the ursing Division, giYen by Sergt. Baker, whil st Councillor Payne re ponded on behalf of the Cadet.

Councillor Mrs. Youn g presented the following trophies :-' Rotary Club" Cup, H/S. Rushbrook; Squad. Shi eld CorpI. mith, Ptes. Keef e, 'vVest and Cann; Nursing Division Cup, A/S. Mrs. l\Ienlove; "Payne" Cup, Cadet Bishop, replica, Cadet l\Iiddleton.

Dancing followed the dinner, which was oro-anist:d by Pte Venables, Pte. Ambridge acting a master of ceremonies.

OUTIIER RAILWAY CORPS ( outhern).-On aturday, April 2-1-th, members of the Corps took part in a ga o demonstration held at Bricklayers' Arms tation.

Gas masks 'we re i ued out to memb e r of th L' ambulance and nursing divisions and after testing sanlL members entered the Home Office Mobile Gas Chamber which was in attendance. r-.lembers of the general publIc were also invited to don masks and take part in the proceedings.

Later a squad of men dre sed in protective clothin gcarried out a series of decontamination, including a wall a crater, and planks of wood which had been pIa h eel by mustard gas. Durin g these proceedin gs a \Vom al came rushin g along \vith face bleeding and mask dis arranged. Members of the ursin g Division quickl y approached, re-fixed the gas mask and attended to the injuries. After the decontamination the method of undressing the protective-clothed men was described.

Altogether a most interesting time \Va spent. Corps Supt. A. J. Green was in charge of operations, whil t Sur·. Hirkin (Willlhledon), ::lnd Inspector Fn-l , er ::Ind Sergt. Ward, of the Metropolitan Police, greatly assi tcd in the explanations needed. Lady Supt. Mi s Pierce wa<; in charge of the nurses.

FIRST

Officer J. Bonham, Supt. W. H. Harris, Lady Supt. Mansell, Cadet Supt. II. Smith} Lady Cacl<:t Supt. A. Young, and others.

The Chairman urged members to increase the sense o f the importance of til e work amongst their friends and tl· llow workers. JIlcreased traffic had resulted in increased ac cidents, and it was nece sary for l:veryone to havt: tr aining. He \\ as pleased that the Dlvisions had taken 'IP training in A.R.P. work.

The Mayor presented the following awards:.. Mayor's" Cup and Pte. II. Grantham (winner of Junior Cup, 1934 and 1935); runner -up medal (given I>y Corps Officer Bonham), CorpI. A. J. Varden; 3rcl me dal (ginll by Supt. Harris), Sergt. E. T. Corbett; Jul1ior ,. Cup and Medal (under five years' service).

Pte \V. Taherner; "Mayor's" Cadet Cup and Medal, Co rpl. Gibhnns: runner-up medal, Cadet 1ors. In additio ll the awards gained at the re-examination were also prc cntecl . The presented the Nursing- award, includ: -" MaYMe ' " Cup and replica. 1\[rs. Florence Ha rris: runner - up, I\Tic; Kathleen Kenning; :\1ayoress " (tl( kt Nursing- CLIP, Jean Young winner): second .lwa rd, h) ITill: third. Elsie 1l1sley.

Dancing'. cle.. follow('d, at which Corhett 1'\,1.('.

No. IV. District

LIVERPOOL.- ThL anllual competitiun for the" List er CliP to ok plact.: on Saturciay, April I (Jlh, \\'hell six (,lItl; r ed. rhl' judO'es were Dr. \V. :"lurray Cairns 'Co rp'i Sl1r!..!l'()Il) and Dr. \Valla cL ITa) (Vi\. Surg-con). cnd til team let \\ a that of the teams, whil I iuund a motor cvclist. in a countr\' Ianc-, h in!.!, ,t Iwap I)f road I;Ht,d. Each Illl Ill1Jlr had b, l:lL'h. ht.:ing ti1t.:J r sole equipment, an A.A. klcpllOl 1L' \\ as I \\'() milts a\\ a) ,lnd a running hrook \Va:. nta rll),.

The injuril s-head, complicated fracture of leg and ot h e r ill-illS. provcd to the audience, \\ hich numhcred srl11l l: li() (lnslllls, that even without llis full equipment a ./lIhn member is a very u eful per on to have in oi accidcnts.

The re.'ull wa a \\'in for Edge Hill .) team, (If Pte. . Tfolnll's, CorpJ. T. rasher, Pte. (;. Lawton and J. ILlrri'oll. \\ith ergt. A. J. Treanor leader, marks Exchange, last year's WIl111erS , were econd with 228 marks, \Vest Derby, new ell trants, being third.

AID

283

ship had given a donation of £250 to the new appeal for [ unds.

Col. D. C. Leyland Ortoll, T.D., M.R.C.S., Corps Superintendent, spoke of the past year's work and said that the Corps had a strength of 1,288 (838 officers and men, 235 nurses, and 215 hoy and girl cadets), compared with 438 nine years ago. There were 27,667 public and 582 hospital duties, whilst 4,690 cases had received attention. Removal of patients numbered 125, whilst the mileage covered was 1,18l.

The Hon. Secretary, Mr. J. Roberts, spoke on the work done in training memhers of the unemployed men's clubs and said that as a result of this training a number of men who took the Association Certificate had been able to get jobs. No V District.

On Friday, April 2nd, 1937, a very successful meeting was held in the Chesterfield Borough Police Recreation Room (hy kind permission of Mr. T. Wells, Chief Constahle), of the members of the newly-formed Ambulance Officers' Mess of o. 5 District (North Area).

1r. T. Wells, Chief Constahle of Chesterfield, who is also uperintendent of the Chesterfield Boroug-h Police Amhulance Division , and the first President of the Officers' )'1ess, welcomed the members to their Headquart ers. He stated that the idea of forming the Mess was in order that all the Officers of the Area could meet, get to know each other, discllss and bring into being anything that

South 1etropolitan Gas Co r ps 19 / 2 Division Compet ition Team.

at last year's function ini t iated the "Headquarters' Fund," and during the year pr esente d the Divisions with a site for the building, pre ided.

Mr. Bradley remarked on the pleasure it gave him to work with the Brigade. He reg-retted the fact that the Middlesex County Council did not g rant the Brigade a g rant from the Sunday Cinema Fund, and also the loss of the services of HIS. Rushbrook, who had acted as secretary of the Building Fund.

Courses of lectures on "First Aid to the Injured ,. will commence on Friday, May 28th, at the Town Hall. St. Marylebone, W.1. For women the class will be hel d at 3.30 p.m., with Dr. M. M. Scott as lecturer, whilst the class for men will commence at 6.30 p.m., lecturer Dr. C. Preston Ball. Full particulars can be obtained from Div. Supt. W. V. M. Allen, 58/5 (w.n.o.) Division, Western District Post Office, W.1.

No. III. District.

NUNEATON . - The annual presentation of cups given by the Mayor and Mayoress to members of the Ambulanc e and Nursing Divisions was held last month Dr. G H. Macdonald presided, and amongst those present was the Mayor and Mayoress (Counci ll or and Mrs. T. L. Liggins), Dr. and Miss K . S. Wi lli ams, Corps

,( Ours is one of the greatest wholly voluntary ser\, lees in the country." Thus did John Duncan, Chief Commissioner, refer tn the work of the Brigade at the a nnual meeting of the Li\'erpool Corps, held on April 22nd a nd at \\'hich the Lord Mayor (Alderman VV. Denton) preslded.

John also referred to the Brigade Jubilee and the honour hestowed by the Queen in underto rev.iew the parade in Hyde Park. .The memher.shlp, contmued Sir John , was growing e\'ery year. ThlS year there were over 4,000 more than last, which p roved that the work was both necessary and apprcwtted . The necessity was further emphasised when Sir John stated that thanks to the fact that a certain colliery had a lar ge Corps of the Brigade, the Company had been able to save Ud. per ton on the coal raised. He also referre d to the Coronation duties.

Lord Brocket, Corps President, stressed the public Ignorance of the voluntary terms on which the BriO'ade workec!, whilst the Lord Mayor annollll(,ccl that his

First '\leeting of the No.5 Distri ct A.rea Officer' i\less.

coule! be done for the benefit or improvement of Brigade work. They w ere, he continued, gathered together as brothers to discuss these matters in a friendly spirit.

Asst. Commissioner H. C. Chambers, of No.5 District, wa present, and thanked the President for his kind remarks and his warm welcome to the members of the Mess at this, their first meeting.

Refreshments were served and later the members were entertained by a Cinema Show of films taken hy the Chesterfield Borough Police Photographer, Police Contable Saunders-who also took the photograph of the members of the Mess present.

HARPUR HILL. - The annual dinner and presentation of the individual cup of the Harpur Hill Division was held last month, Mr. D. Marsden- Jones, President, prcsidinO'.

Mr. L. G. Sewell presented the cup and gold medal to B. Mellor; silver medal, F. Stadem; bronze medals, T. Robinson and J. Sutherland. Mr. Sewell referred tn

H eadquarters ana D z"strz'ct R eports.

the ya1ue of the Brigade to 1.c.T. (Lime) Ltd., and C011g-ratu1atcll the winners and the Brigade Oll it martnes ; ntl cfficiency.

ood aid the function \\"a an opportunity of 1layil1\?," a. their g:uests tho e gentlemen who ,,'ere intu'cstec1 in the Di\ isiol1, He assured '\1r. • (''' ell that thcy l()()ked fon\ anl tll his presence on uch occasions ami the memhers proud of the fact that the :.\Iayor oj !iu 'tOil lDr. \Y. hipton) "as ahle to l)e present. J-Ic tonk thc opportunity of trihute tn \111h. Officer for the excellent sen ices rendered during: the past year.

Thl' )'fanll" expn.'.sld his pleasure at he111g present. a memhe'r of the medical sen ice he appreciated th· \ a1\1(" of firs t aid a carried nut by the Di,ision.

No. Yilt. (Duke of Connaught's) DIsh-let. •\DDIscmIBE. - OYer 100 member ancl fricnds \\ ere present at the annual dinner of the Diyision held un April 28th, and at \\ hich Councillor A. L. Bodding-tOll prLslded.

Pte. Fred Kin,.!.· proposed The Order and ;\0. 8 Di trict," that the Di trict \\as one of the 1110, t SUCCl fn1 e it \\ a· led rightly al the head. ince '\1r. E. L\' Richards t o ok oyer in 1929 the 11l1m 1llrS had incrca cd. and all members held him in es t eem.

Coml11lssioner Richard, in re ponse, paid trihute to the ,,'ork of the Addisco m be Diyision, referring to the ia c t t hat many mc:mbers had gained certificates in A.H..P. \sst. C o mmis ioner Hamer Russell, in a most eloquent s p Lech, pr o p o sed "Th e Addiscombe DiyislOn." He reierreel to the \\ onderful report of the DiYision, \\ hich s h o\\ ed that 2,686 ca es had been attended during 1') 35. P eo ple did not pr o perly appreciate the ,, ondcrful ,,·.ork d o ne, a nd thcy sh o uld be told of the yolunta ry serYlces r en dered hy the Brig-adl'. He was proud to he the Assistallt Commissioner of such a District that l1as Diyisi o n ' like that of Ac1discombe.

District Officer Pre\\ responded and referred to the c arlin days of t he Diyislon, paying tribute to the as istd l1C C recei n c1 from st. Commissioner Alre (l ch thi year 2-+ new members had been placed in L1 l1 i to rr;:l s a n (( it \\as clue to the men, and nurses under '\Iiss that the work was carried out s o e fficiently, Ref e rring to Coronation duties. assured the '\I a yor that they \yolJld undertake any asked qf the m Tn conciu ion, :,\11'. Prew paId tnhutc to the l!,"reaL as i tance rcceiycd from '\lrs. Pre\\".

, Col. E. :.\1. Cowell, Surrey County Director RR.S.C., In rlspons e to the toast " Our Gu e st ," proposed 11y Serg t Pre\\, dcalt with A R.P. in Cr o ydon and referred to the harmony \\ hich existed between the Brigade and B.R.C.S.

The of Croydon (Alderman Peters) also rcp1ied, paid tribute to thc efficiency of the Diyision and deplored the apathy of the man in the street. Ill' \\ ished tl1em the hest of prosperity in the future and congratulated them on their efforts in the past.

C(Jl111cillnr ),Iaycock proposed "The Tur ('s," Li R()s e proposed ,. The Chairman." sayin g that C0l1l1 c il1or hael he1pecl in ways too numerous to PlL nt; n n. Councillor Bodding-ton brieO), replied, Tt \\ as a p1ca"ure to elo anything to further the work () r the Divisio1l.

/\. 11lu"ical interspersed the speeches, the artist( s Flnrcnr(' \\'('111)('1' (soprano), \Vinnie'

AID.

Holman (enterlainer), Ernest Pollinger (hand-be!l soloi t), Robert Tocl (tenor) and \'j lIarcourt (accompanIst).

DO\ EH.-The third annual dinner of thc lJo\"er \\ as held on pril 21 t, the of lJ()\ er (Ald. (;. :\orman) l)resicling. Othcrs preSl:l1t included the )'la)mess, :'lar5ha11 II. 130lt (Chid Constahle) and noll. Di trieL Officcr G. Core, Lt.-Col. D. L. 1 Lamilton, 1h. C. P. K. Toland, Dr. CertrlHle Toland, Corp" '-lIjll. 1<. \\. Fox and other

The Chairman proposed the" 51. John Amhl1lallcL' Brio·ade" and aid the 11rigacJe san'd the ratl'payns a amount oi ;\s chIC! citizeIl (Ii t1ll' to\\ n he thanked the 1)0\ l'r Corps for the sen iLL's n'ntiered: the work was real1) \\"()Illkrful.

District Officer Core thanked thl' :'\layor alld \'elltured to ay that the outside \\ orld did n()t know per cent. of \\"liat they did. It \\ a-.; ,I olulltary their slogan being· Sen-icc, ,tnd 110t lIe tonk llw opportunity of his h:;l\ e () f thl 1)()\ cr and expressed deep appreciatl(lli and thank:; to ,l h. :\ leholl. Corps Supt. Fox, and oAlccrs oi the lor the 'upport gi\Tn him during- t11c period he was prl\ 1 leg·ed to work \\ ith thL'm.

II. Bolt. Chief l'on tallle. prIIjH\!'u 1

The Doyel' Corps" and expressLtI hIS jll'l"s l1wl thank< fnr their as tallce to all Cla'il Cit the thc past year no less than 1.!)()() C,I"L'i had helll attended in the and the Pohn apprl clatl d wha l they had done. On 60 during- past year I "as ncee ary to call upun thL to gl\ l' ;tsw tanl'l in eriou l)-injl1red patil'llt'>, and thl y all wcrl'd the calls in a ,"cry Cjuick and efficient scrnce. I Ie hOPlll their membershIp \\ ould increase, and urged (lL'!lpk of the to\\ 11 to join the Drigade.

Corps Supt. Fox said that the ml:mhl r ·donl en;1 him to carn- out hIS joh. Ill' .\Ir. (,m e on his appoi"ntment. t o .\.R.P. tIll Cnrps \\"a..., working· on thl uhject, and they prllj)osed to g'i\'l a 1.'()Il:!' of kctures to the pulllic. They \\ allted 1f)(J jll' r,,;OIL III " the Brigade A.R,P. Resl'rve so that they III I )[)\"l r (Ilul d completc their schemc.

After dinner, dancing and g alllD completed a l'r) enjoyahk function.

No. X. District, CnEDIsFoRD.- The annual dl1111l r <tlld COllcnt I)! thl: Chelmsford Amhulallce and ])1\ ISI01lS \\'as hl ld 011 April 2-+th, Co!. 13. II. IIughes-RL'ckill, \' ice presHiL-Ilt. prcsiding·.

)'1r. H. Langley JOlll'S, Commissioner for I h proposed the toast" Chelmsford Amhu1ance and :\urSlllg Di\'isions." The Di\ isioll bad hacl mally difficulties, the chief of thcm being lack of upport. gl1t tlll' I )i\'lSI011 had stuck to it and success in c()1l1pctiti\ e \\ urk, and shcl'r "Tit they carried on and were to be heartil\' cCllll!,"ratl1Their ambulance sen-icc tra elkd al)()ut ll,()()O mi1cs last year, and 900 cases had been dealt \\ ilh. On.c amhu1ance, ho\\e\'er, \\as not c()nditi()n, and It was up to thc citizens of Chelmsford to help the Diyision in acquirin c" a new \'ehi , le The C0111Illis"iollC'r referred to the work of the _:ursing Di\ isinn and to the succcss of the Cadet Section. Hc al- C()Il).!;ratl1latl'd thL Diyision upon winninl!," the County C\"l)' Supt. \V. E. ill reply, reg-ret ted that throl1gh inc1isposition their Presidcll[, Brig.-Cen. J. T. \Vigan, \\;t" unahle to be present. At the 1110111cnt the Division \\ as clear of debt, with its own headquarlers ancl current expenses paid. IIc t11<lnkec1 Col. IItw:hes- Reckitt, Dj \'. Surgeons Whitley and Camp'>, a11d J)iy. Tre;ts\1rer Ta\'cnwr for their services,

FIR S T

Lady Supt. Mrs, Warren proposed" The Visitors" and hc r..layor of Chelmsford (Alderman }. O. Thompson, a.u.E., D.L., J.P.) extolled the virtm's of the Brigade \\11ich had 1)ccJ1 modestly concealed. Thcy \,"ere messenger s n i merc)" setting a wonc1edul example, deserving 0 f pu bli c support.

" The: Chairman" was proposecl hy Amb. Officer Bar be r, and Col. IIl1ghc -Reckitt replied.

B 1L\I:-lTREE.-The funeral of Alfred Ll1clgater, lat S uperintende11t of the Draintrce Di\isiol1, took place oil • r tunIay, ),[areh 27th, at the Braintree Cemetery, iol lc.' \ a ser\'icc at the Congregational Church.

T he service \\'as cunducted hy the H.e\'. A. Ray, \V110, in all a ddres , said in the of Braintr eL' ha d lost a graci()us per. ona1ity. IIi':i dutie a· a jo tlfna Ji:,t and author brought him into contact" ith rich an d 'w ()r, and unicarned, old and young, ane! he \\" c....Jl hi· way tn the heart of pcople ill all \\alk· of liil'.

L\ 'l1()l1g" the congregation \\'ere reprcscntati\'es o f the man} hodies with which )'I r. Ludgater \\as COil11L"t d. OAlcll"s of thl' fro111 Braintree, Chelmsio rrl a nd Jlalsll'ad, headed the frol11 the hOll e t( hu rch and later i rom churc11 tn cemden, and me11

0' tht, Braintree Di\'i""1CJ11 actld a hlarer".- Sup!. ;\. Lt' Ie k r u1Jtailll d hIS certificate in lRRK assisted in 10r111ill hc liral11trl'l' I )i,isio11 " ith thl hllp ()f the Braintree Cr )r)c r a tin :Ilcil,ty. appuinted Its fir...,t Superintendent 1\ (' 't Jrd, 1l)3(1, ilild to Ihl n er\'e • -on'lllbl" 20 th. lll33.

Over" eas A.

R. P.

By \\'. C. O.H.E., F.R. '"

R P. '.:1' to thl! 'hid ClHnmis ioner, \-;si"tant hid tl) the S.J. \.8.

T o :mH n:l'ein'd L'nquiril's fn)111 our \'l'rscas Di\'i i,ln. relati"J> to .\ R. P., ant) to <In..,\\"cr them, has becn one of the rl ebu res of this ol1ice, and the .\ir Raid PrecaLions \\'ork is ur ri new links in the chain lwlding "in joilltl) tog-ether in : t. J L)hn .\mhulancL' Brigauc the old flag of T IJ' Order.

1 hese thing·s ha\'e d 1ll1inatcd leIters which we h(1\"c rCl'I'1\ CU, \ i%. :-

(1) Instruction,

(2) Ollicinl Certi(lcate for In trllctl)rS,

(3) Equipmenl, a nd n few "tips" on lhese uhjects may help sonIc of our coltC[ h LIes from O\'l'r-;ca ( I) Ills/rllc!lUli. In Jul), 1935, the Brilish IIomc Olllcc ash.J the t. John ,\mbulance Brigade and the Briti h Red ere., Society if ther would undertake the uppl)' of \ o)unta ry )" rsonnel for thc stafTlI1g" of First .\ic.1 Posts in the e\'cnt of ,\Ir Raids, and also Lo be for the training of th e!-, neral public. ('Jur Chief ComIlli "ioner honoured us b.) 'cepting the responsibility, and with great foresight inSI S ell .on the training of instructors as our first task, and fo rth\\ lth this was undertaken so Lhat in twelve 1110nths \\'e ha d the t raining examination of in:;tructors On a hl.gh stanean.l. Our Grade 1 instructors "vere olliciall), by the IIome Onice for instructillg" and cxaminII1 g .not only our own members but clas es for the general Pu h lIc,o.rganised by municipal [lnd coullcils, and also for onlclals of outside oro-anisations necdin"· an instructor's cen ificate h h

I Our next job was t he instruction of m'l r 70,000 I11CI11ers throug h out this country, <tIlU o\'er 2U 000 h a\'c now tal -e n their training.

A I D. 285

And now we are busy instructing the general public at the request of public bodies, municipalities, large stores, ant! the slaffs of factorics and work hops, all of whom thc Home Officc have asked to get trained in A. R. P.

(2) Officia2 Ct!rlificales for .ln s/ructors. Our Grade 1 Certificate and the GO\'crnment Anti-Gas School at FalfielJ are the two certificates recognised at present for examiners and instructors. .\£ter speci,d enquiry at tlH' Home Office, I al11 authorised to state that the same grade of in truction and certificates may be taken by our Overseas mcmber.

(3) The supply of respirators and protective clothing is a little more complicated; but for the purpose of this article, 1 ascertain from the Home Office I hal the correct procedurc for our O\ erseas unils is to Ilnc.1 put fr0111 their local governor or gO\'crn1l1ent whethLr applicaLion should be made to the Dominion or Colonial oni«'s or to olhl:r Crown agents in London, and when the reLlui.,ilion for equipment is put through these channels, the ,-\. R, P. Dcpartment of the Home Olnce is prepared and desirous lo sUI'ply what is needed

,\lany of our colonial colleagues will be taking the pecial course in A R. P. arranged for them at the GrC":-tt Centra Hotel, :\farylebone, where \\"e have arranged for all inten i\'e course for Instructors on Saturda\· and Sund;l\ :'I1a)' 29th and 30th. .\11 needed lilerature anc.1 method procedure will be presented to tho e ,yho attend, and details may be obtRined from the Brigade Secretaryal Sr. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E. C.1.

For those who may be unable to attend this course, our pecial Brig-ade Order 671 gi\ es all details of the ) Ilabus of instruction, both for instructors, rank anc.1 Ille and general public. This may be obtained at St. John's Gate.

The subject of Air Raid Precautions is not a "\\'ar Stunt," but a national educational propaganda in which 1110 t of the Europeans have made themseh'es proficient; and note the grammatical can truction: "PrecRutions" is the noun and "Air Raids" the qualifying adjecti,'e! igns are in e\·idence that this knowledge is spreading to "outposts of Empire," and if \\'e in the Homeland can be of any as istance to you O\'er eas, honour us by u ing us, please.

"Blue C•.,oss " Gases.

WE ha\'e recei,'ed frol11 Dr. \\'. C. Bentall (A. R P. Staff Ollicer, .J \. B.) the following in answer to que tions from member "'ho read in a London daily newspaper tbat "Glue era s \\"altzes through an ordinary gas mask like a through an open \,'indo\\'."

"The so-called 'Blue Cro s' gases are arsenical smokes to which \\'e rder as snE'ezing gases or sternutators or nose irritants. The position of afTairs in relation to such an exlract as you send me fr0111 the Dez/h .1It"rror is dUl: (0 Lhe fact that (luite a of unofficial -1l1anufacturers are turning out gas respirator which ha\'e not been uhllilkd to the Go\'ernment Derartment for their ollicial recognition as up lo standard E\'ery respirator which has the stamp on it is guaranteed 100 per cenL protection against the so-called' Blue 'ro s , but you can easily understand that any manufacturer may uppl)' the retail trade with anything they like from a toy that is u E'kss for anything up to the most perfecL type, but unle s they ha\'e been submitted for GO\'ernment recognition, lhl: Government can take no responsibility for uch all' without special legislation.

"For your information and propaganda, the Go\'ernment ba oreered to all manufacturers to teo L any re pirator they are prep are d to pro luce, and if it is up to standard they will be allowed to stamp it with the GOH"rIlmcnt l11(trk. This news should be widel" broadca t."

St. John Anlbul a nce Brig a de Final Co III peti t ions.

Last month we gave particulars of the competitions and the results. Since then we have heard many expre sion of appreciation of the etc. The realism in the ,yomen's team test was such that on two occasions when the men were at work, at the other end of tbe room, they had to be restrained from rushing to the nurses' assistance when the crash occurred in their team test, having taken the fake for the real thing.

Colonel C. H. S. Redmond, T.D , Ch.B., who iudg-ed the nurses' team test, ,,'rites :" The task of a judge in any part of a competition is no light one. He has to ha\"e in mind the team whose luck in the draw brings them before him la in the day, and he also has to take care that he knows his test "'ell and does not fail to award marks to the team who come before him first in the day, when such marks have been earned. Nor must he let his composure be ruffled should any team miss an important point or bothpr him with unnecessary questions.

" For the 'Perrott' Shield Team Test the selection of t \\'0 judges ensured that all teams got a 'fair trial' and nothing was overlooked in awarding marks . All teams displayed a good knowledge of first aic. Praise must be gi\'en for neat and correct application of bandages. Too often one sees bandages (applied by experienced first aiders) put on in such a way as to b e useless or a source of discomfort to the patient. The presence of a granny knot in such a competition might be excused and not put down to ignorance: even so it is a cause of marks lost.

" In any competition it is important to realise the serious nature of an accident c:!nd equally important to make sure there is no further source of danger to the patient, to say nothing of the members of the team. In the team test for the 'Perrott' Shield Competition several teams failed to realise this. Consequently the patient received further injuries which Ilad to be treated but no marks were a\varded - this was a penalty.

" Except in an emergen c y Brigade nurses are not permitted to carry stretchers though they must know how to do so. Accordingly, in the test, all teams made good use of the heIr available to place the patient on a stretcher. Se\"eral methods were employed but in each case the instructions were clearly given and care taken to see they were carried out. I was impressed by the method of one team who employed the' human stretcher' to lift the patient on to the stretcher.

" The staging of the team test was very well carried out and left nothing to the imagination of the team. Even though the preliminary explosion startled several of the team, it did not detract from their vVe ha ve also received our usual contribution from " B. M. H." "which is this year headed :-

ON WITH TIlE MOTLEy-A DREAM.

May I tell you of a strange dream that came to me not long ago? It was an odd dream, in which the National Competitions and Bertram Mills' Circus-at that time in our town-became inextricably mixed.

A young cadet and I form part at a large audiencelarger than any I l,ave seen-of all sorts of people of all ages Many old friends I see-former rivals in the Ring whom now one loves to meet again, for it is only with these that we can fight our battles once more. Others I see, some of whom have lent a helping hand in the past, and yet others, who formerly flourished the whip, but now have to leave me in peace in my golden chair. Yes, I have a ringside seat and an excellent view of the arena.

Look , there is the Ring Master - or ic; he a Mayor - cer-

A I D.

tainl), he has a corporation. He stands a ide to watch thc pprforman 'c, and one fee s a twinge of regret, for a las it is not the tall, familiar \\"ho used to watch ""ith a quiet confidence, sure that his how had been so mou lded that the most timid performer could act hi turn with a minimum of fear. We mi him, but feel sure that the lure of the sawdust will draw him back to watch again. He will, like u,> , hm e regret for the past that i gone, but take pleasure in seeing that others are there' to carryon the traditions h e built up. So our sigh change to a confident wish that thl new layor-no (bother that corporation). the Ring ;\ l aste r may devise these entertainments for u for man) ears ( 0 come

Now the show is !:;oing to start. Up goes a numberlook in your programme. Oh, yes, we rem mber these, th e) always give a good turn. Tn comes a conf,d nlteall1, led Iw its attendant The leader is eparated and shut in ,I cage. That \\'ill hake tile others. Hea\ cn.,! what a din Thank goodness this explosion, shattering of an d leaping name i but a dream!

1\ly cadet bombards me \"ith questions Yes, :'\[ary, they arc real actors. 0, the policeman i not real look at his feet, they are not large enou!:;h. Yes, r. Eb(rl'e, ;t you call him, is a 1110 important person You an qui tl right, he ought to be in uniform. Yes, all the ll,)\\ n" J \ bel(lng to him. Oh, :'I1ary, do \\atch in-.tl'ad of talk.

Strong men, these clo\\'ns. Cllrr) that L1 cphant on a stretcher tweh' e time in one day. I \\"onu l.' r ·' the elephant enjoys it? \Vh)' does that ll1an walk n\lc1l1t much, you ask? I really don't know, pl, ,> ihl) h is tOt full of gas to sit down! Hush, don't make pcrs,)nal remarks can see that he wears his decorat ions in the \\ rong llrU l'l. Yes, 1 wish he would keep till too, tle i al"'(1)s spoiling- our view . All ri!:;ht, we will go and see the side ... h t1\\ <;.

I this a trapeze act? What a height Ihe) perform at. i verr simple trick this, but th height "telllS to Cl)nfu some of tIle performers. :,\lary, don't hl' so critical. O. course you ne\'er looked like that bah) and of courSl' ye,u weren't doubled up in a cradle much too mall for YOLI. \\ remember doing this trick our elves a few years ba 'k, hut \ • certainly had a more beautiful baby. Come \[a r), this is the inten al and you can watch the circus feed. Th o noisy ones ha\'e finished their tricks. Thosc quiet olles j u t aren't hungry, you see thcy h ,l\ en't performed yet. I e:qll'l·t their tummies do feel funny in ide - mine ahnl.Y., did. \\'I n' did you say? Is thal the Circus Queen? Yes, I Upp l you could call her lhat, she is certainly holding court. l)1 course you like her, we all do. That one owr there? O b, she's just the Wardrobe You .,ay the one \\1 111 glasses reminds you of a hen with c hicks. he's the tar), Bird, and they always ha\"e a worried look. Here are two tall male Spcretary Birds, they have the same anxi oL., look, as though all the worries of the Circus are theirs. Bac · again we go to the arena. Here cOllle the Secretary Bird I) arrange and re-arrangc chairs, like men doing jig-s a \' puzzles, trying to fit in the pieces. Ye, the lion is st ill prowling. Be quiet, Mary, you must not hope his new sh oe''> will make his feet ache

A silence falls, and we all wait for the entrance of t he Fairy Princess. Here she comes - stand up - no, false alarn , sit down again. Here she really is - stand up. As sh L enters, it is really as thoug-h a breeze sweeps across a field (, corn, for, as she passes, her progress is marked by curtseyin gbowing figurcs, who rise to gaze with s i ghs of admirati on for the trim little figure almost dwarfed by her tall soldie rh escort.

Last is the grand march past of all the performers Bright-eyed they come, settling comfortably in the ir chairsbut I remember we had to stand all the time Gaily th ey advance to receive from gracious hands the reward of man y ho u rs- nay, months-of ha r d tra ining. I think when we received our awards we d id it more gracefu ll y Some of these bob in unison, some wobb le on one foot, some bob on p

FIR S T

af((' 1 the other. We were rehearsed by a Ho ly Terror-b u t I miss her touc h to-day

;\nd so the circu ends. The throng-s depart but onc li ng"L rs yel, reluctant to leave old friends, till a stern parenta l voil'c shatters our vision: "Hurry up, trains won't wait wilde ) OLI dream."

At t ific ial Re spiration by Apparatus.

Ih COLONEL E. 1\1. COWELL, )).S O., D.L., F. R S.

.\ ER important raper on the "Applical ion of \rtificial Rc pirat ion " was rc.>ad in :'Ila)" 1936, at Amstcrdam, by C P. l ro\\"dcn, of the London School of Hygiene and a l \Iedicine, on behalf of the Royal Humane Society.

In discu..,ing the fundamental considerations, lajor (ro\\ de n pointed out that the ner\' cells of the highe t can onl) witllstand depri\ ation of oxygen for 8 minutes.

\ no tllcr impl)rtant point i.., that in addition to introducin a n adequate supply of oxyg-en to the lungs, it is impurta nt Itl k ep till' patient ..,utTiciently \\"arm, be,- ause the ,lvailab il ity Ilf L)xYg"l'n to the tissues depends on Ihe temperature of the blood.

G i\ 'c n a nll'L1wd of artificial rcspiratil)i1 which ventilates til' lung s adequately, the \ (tlue of the system del' nds on

II ere, again, the treatment was sound, i.e., movements of the diaphragm to ventilate the chest and warmth.

About 1850, Dr. Bowles taught a "squeezing of the with the patient l\,'ing on his stomach, followed by r oiling nn to the right side and raising the arm."

In 1857 Dr. larshall Hall described a similar method, which was adopted by the Royal Humane Society. Before this time the onicial practice consisted in applying warmth only.

In 1858 the greatest advance was made by the publication of a paper by Dr. Silvester (not Sylvester), whose method soon supplanted Marshall Hall's.

In 1869 Dr. Howard's method was but was never very popular.

In 1862 a Committee of the Royal Medical andChirugical ?OClety of London was appointed, .and issued several reports 1Il the next SO years. In 190-+ Its last report was issued under the chairmanship of Professor chafer, describing the method no,,\" known under his name.

This technique is now well known, the results obtained however, depe?d the ski!) and physical strength of the operator. It IS ddfIcult to keep the patient warm, and a heavy man cannot be upended. The ventilation must be commenced if the appears dead and kept up for several hours If necesssr)" WIth occasional pauses to see if the patient will breathe by himself.

If. the cen.tre is O\ er supplied with oxygen, breathlllg wIll not start, since the act of respiration depends on the pre ence ot a certain amount of CO 2 in the blood.

:'\. recenl case occurred in Ireland where the casualty

On in r.eadil:es On and stretcher fixed into position.

Centre. - fhe Tdter In operation with an oxygen admini tering apparatus \\'11 h e r it is (1) ea!-> ., to learn, (2) eas) to apply, (3) cas. to maintain, and (-I) unlikely to injure or chill the patIen t.

BI'IEI· HISTORIC\!. RE\ IJ,;\\.

Chine e h;l\c treated apparently dn)\\'ned people for by upending them and jerking them up and down. IS. drall1s the water out of the chest, moves the diaphragm, and I S a perfectly sound method.

Dr. Stephen Bradwell, London 1633 in the first book writte n on First Aid, described a similar treatmen t.

(1) "Turn the feet upward, head and mouth downward, and so hold by the heels that the water ma\' come o ut."

(2) "Let others help forth the "vater by strokino' crushing and driving his belly and stomach reasonably' hard."

" If in co ld weat h er let all be done in a warm room before a good fi reo "

after five hours effort, and in 1858, Dr. Silvester CIted a case where a man, after being 1-+t minutes under water, recovered after 8 hours' treatme nt.

ARTIFICIAL RE PIRATION BY l\IEANS OF ApPARATUS.

In 1932 and .1933 Dr. F. C. EYe, of Hull, published two valuable papers 10 Tile Lancet on "Actuation of the inert diaphragm by a gravity method."

The Eve·Riley Rocking Stretcher was devised to allow the patie?t to be p.ostu r ed, head and feet down alternately, thus movll1g the dIaphragm and ventilating the chest.

The :ocking stretcher ha now been improved on by the lIltroductlOl1 .of the" Tor Tilter." This consists of a portable, collapSible frame, mounted on wheels if desired which will take any type of stretcher and, by its double link' action, produce the required chanrres in po ture with ,'ery little efTort on the part (If the operator. Moreover, the patient can be kept warm by placing any type of sto\"e beneath the stretcher.

Th e patient is treated by Schafer's method unti l he is

THE TOR TILTER.

rut on and secured to the tilter. .\n airway tube, such as :\nie-thetist USle, is if the ratient is deeply uncl)ILcious.

Recl.?l1tly a ca e of intril. cranial was kept ali\'c for t" hours by tilting. The indication for this type of artificial respiration are :-

( 1) F/rsl .Ud.

(a) Treating the aprarently drowned,

(b) CO poisoning, coal-gas, etc.

(c) Head injuries, with cerebral compression.

(2) of the Resjiraholl \ 'ervolls D/s(!nsl's.

(a) Diphtheritic paralysis.

(b) Anterior polei myelitis.

The Tilrer is aloof \'alue in emptying the lung's Llf !luiu 01- pu in abscess of the lung, acute ot-dema of the lungs. In phosgene or chlorine poisoning, wherc the patient is dn)",ning in his own secretions, this method of draining til.; patient with his head down hould be \'e ry \ aluRblt'. A. sta y rod is attached to enable the fraIlle to be li;-.;.ed \\"ith the pa'tient's bead at any height required.

In coal gas poisoning, oxygen and CO can be administercd \\-hill;! the patient i being tilted.

RESL'LTS OF V ARIOl;S :\lETllODS OF \RTIFICAL RESPW \TIOi". tables are taken from :\lajor Cro\\'den's paper already referred to and published in "De SRmaritaan" .-\ug., Sept., Oct., 1936.

A I D.

\Vherever asrhyxia casualties may he expectcd, a train ed personnel should be ready to dea with cases.

Bathing beachcs, swimming bRths, ca 'ua ty departmcnt of hospitRls, fire tations, police stations, mines, etc" should be provided with men well trained in Schafer's metho t!,

The "Tor Tilter" arfords R simple method of supplement ing Schafer's method. Tilting can he carried out by I ss highly trained indi\ iduals, with little exertion oyer periods of time, and \Viii produce approximately twice the \'entilation possible by allY other method.

---.

.----

Colonel

J. L. Sleeinan 's Retu tlil.

On Friday. ;\Jay 7th, Colonel ). L. "Iceman, Chi>( Commissioncr S.].A. B. O\'er!:tea, was \\ 'eJcomc d back ) London Rfter ha\ ing tra\'ellcd some 37,SOO miles incl' Ie kft England on l\'o\'cmber 13th lal on a tour of insrecfi o .

He was Illet at Li\'erp )ol-street Station by Sir Perci\ I Wilkinson (Secretary-Cl'neral of The Order), 1\1 rs. Lance t Dent (Lady Supt.-in-Chief, 'ur ing· Di\ ision'> O\'(:'rSC <1 I, Capt. .\. Cahu ac, l\1.c., l\1r. .\lpheu Williams (COl 1mandefY COl1lmissioIh r, outh .\frita), 1\11' .• \. ;\1. \ndl:r s( n (District Supt., COIllmander)" South .\frica) District Ulli l r E. i\1. Raymond (lIong- Kong). The Brigade contin1-;L1 ll from Hong Kong tnH'elled by thc sall1c train, as also diJ District OOlcer Sir William E. D. henton.

Col. Sleeman lc'oked lit and well after his great , al1d in an inten'iew with a representati\c of AIIJ sai d' "The inspectional tour of Gibraltar, \lalla, .\den, Jnd , Burma, Ceylon, 'ingapore, and lIong Kong has been ,l magnificent success. .\Imost ever) wherc I ha\ witnes s I wonderful ambulance senice being done by Estahlishll1LrW of the Order of St. John. The tour included 114 in"'pcction , 182 peeches and addre es, 114 banquets and ci\ ic re Cl'rtions and 197 conferences. I am glad to be home ag ain although I would not ha\ c Illis cd seeing such \, onder tul work for al1ything', From (he Vi ceroy of 1nc1ia dL)\\ n\\,aru I han' recei\'ed the utmost hospitality and alHl recei\ ed the warmest of welcomc frol11 all I havc mel."

- .--

TABLE II r - In certa in cases, i.e., head injurie s, it is to avoid increasing the pressure of blood to thl' hrain, In these cases a "half tilt," led dO\\'n only, will give auequate ventilation. Before. IIalf

OF C\RRYli"G OUT PROLOi"GEJ) ARTIFICAL RESPIRATlON.

The methods abo\'c described involving the use of arparatus, can be carried out for se\ eral days until a 1110re elaborate apparatus is obtained. Alessrs. Siebe Gorman and Co., Ltd., have a\'ailable, either the Bragg-Paul Pulsator, or the Drinker respirat.or. The former consists of a rubber bagband passed round the waist and rythmically inl1ated by an electric pump (1935).

The latt er is an airtight metal box enclosing the patient exc<"pt the head. An electric blower alternately reduces and restores to normal, the pressure in the chamber, thus ventilating the chest by means of inducing movements of the diaphragm. This has been in use since 1931.

CONCLUSIO" S.

The subject of Artificial Respiration is all important and desef\'es the closest attention.

It \\ as at the annual of thc Di\isiol1 S.].:\.13., that o\cr 300 case.., \\l're treated duri nh' la st year and more than 600 hours put in on road patrol.

The Brightoll Towil Di\ ision, .J \.B., held a !o>ociall'll Saturday, April 10th, at whi c h a large number of I1lcmber " and friends spent an enjoyable evening.

After the annual re-examination of Nc\\'Castle Cit y Division, S.].A. B., the Di\,. Secretary, ;\lr. Laws, was tl " recipient of a copy of "History of the Order of t.] oho ., and a leather attache case, as an appreciation of his wor!for the Division over a period of 15 years

FLAG D AY P U BL ICIT Y . - Th e attention of ge n eral public to y ou r nee d s c an b e attracti vel y arrang ed by pu rchasing copies of the Poster ad v ertised in this Journal for your Flag Day and other activities. Samples will be sent on reques t.

Przory for Wales.

I-I IL\Dl]U.\ rnEH 0'1 ES, \ report Oil the strength of the St. John \mbulancc Brig, lul' in \\'ales, presented to the monthly meeting of the J\11l bulancl' Committee of the Priory for \Vales, which met l111 .\pri l 20th under the Chairmanship of the Director of ,\lll buIRllcc, Professor George Knox, ;\1.1.;\1. E., F. G. S., "ho wed all increase in personnel 01 -+6 on the pre\ ious year's Dcspite the depll,tion of strength consequent upon til", rClllO\ al of man) unemployed llleI1lhcls from the Special .\ eao;, the Illcmber..,hip has the unrrecedented total of 12,524. This Jig-ure comprises 6,660 men, 1,360 \\'oman, I, ,S + hoys and 1,120 girl, fill of ¥. hom are maintaining 1I1ic icIlCY in Fir·st .\id and Home l\'ursing- by allnual rc_lllil lilicatilln ; and are rendl'ring \ oluntary service daily both a" ul1its of a di'iciplinl'd, uniformed bod) and as pri\'ate ·ndividuals. .\ number of the baH: ,l lifetime's k·isurc to Sl'n iCL ill the Brigade, the co\'et Lu \ledal it warded lIn command l)f the SO\ crei!{n for tiftl.l; n ) Lars l,nicil'llt Brigadc scn ice 11m ing beLn issued to 57\) \\'e:!slJ mel11bers, while 27-+ hold Bars for 20 years, 83 C oml Bars 011 Clllllpletilll1 of 25 ycars, lJ lhird Bars signify30 anu 1 a fourth Bar.

wl,1come ,lnlh)UnCcmcnl is the allocation l)f a grant of .(25() frl)I11 the (;eorge's Jubilee Tru'>t towards Cadet Camp ing in \\' ,llcs. \It lady there is c\ cr) indiLation that a success ful Camp can be orgallised for Girl Cadr'ls froIll the \\'C'C' k COI11J1h.llcing :\ugu:.t 7lh and onc hundred boy cadets will llCCUp)' and l1utIllenh at Barry I..,hnd, placed at thL Prior)'s c.Iispo al b) the generosity ot the GlaI11llJ'M'an TerritoI iet! .\rm)' :\ssociation, for three or fOLI r subsequent \\'ceks, CllTording to the I1UlllbL'r of l·ntries. Last year 35lJ Cadl,ts enjll)'cd a wcck's camping holiday ul1liL r ideal cl)ndititlt1s ; and the re;,ultant L'nthusiaslll not only [l)1' but for the Cadet :\IO\ct11cnt generall) ellCll LlI ages tilL' PrilH), Ltl rcgard the Camp as all annual n:s pol1sibility.

linc nf l\\che Sl'at in \\'estIllin..,kI .\bbc\· for the Co rt)I1:ltion allotlL'd hy the Earl to t. ]l)hn \ mbuLlllcC Brit: ;H.lc was allocated to the PI -iLlr) for \\'files. 111 \ ie\\ of ib distil1ltillJl as the Llltle'iL l' nit of the Brig-ade in \\ ,des, the l'ri\'ikgc was extended to the Dowlais Division, reg istercd in 1:::>lJ7.

Captain S. B. Turner, l\1.R , L.R.C.P., hasbccn by the Chid Commissioner of the Brigade to join the Panel of Examincrs fllr marking' the Grade 1 1 nstru cto r EX<lm inatiqn Papers, Nine Grad'e 1 E'(aminers on the Priory Roll \\'ill attend a Course at the Ci\'ilian Anti-Gas Schoo l, Falfield, from \ugust 23rd to September 4lh. It is prorose d to organise an (lch'anced course in Cardiff in the \utumn for Grade 1 Instructors, of whom there are 156 in \Vales, in order to maintain the necessRrily standard require d among- this class of 1nstructors who are recognised by the Home Office.

Colonel \V. T. vVoous, D.L., D,S.O i\l.c., Assistant Director of Transport, presided at the quarter ly meeting of the Transport Committee on Apri l 27th, when a report on

the services rendered durinR 11)36 was submitted. The increase of 2,398 cases and 30,557 miles on tht; 1<JJ5 figures and the advancing results of succeeding }e(lIS sUlllmarised below, emphasises the g rowing importance of the work consequcnt not only upon the rising number of road accidents but also uron the growth of hospitfil and nursing providing means for the better treatment of the sick find injured than can be obtained at home, which is lan;el) responsible for the greater mobility of the invalid. .-\. further grant of £1,000 was rccei\'ed trom the: :'Iliners' \\'elfare Fund; and the Priory gmteful1yacknowits indebtedness to such annual grants for the extension of the sen ice, which now consists of 18 stations and 22 cars.

The stations are supported by 26 Colliery Companies, at the rate of one shilling- per man per annum, in respect of -+3,000 men employed in 68 companies; and eight oLher companies emplo) 900 men. This contrad relieves the owner of his statutory obligations as to the provision of ambulance tran port for the purpose of cOI1\"e ying- sick or injured \\'orkmen to hospital or home in a manner full) apprO\'ed by the :\]ines Department, An unlimited call upon the service is secured to the \\-orkl11en and his dcpendents in case of accident or sickness necessitating remo\ al by ambulance by a weekly contribution of one penny; and 62 colliery lodg-es with an ag-grega;c membership of 62,000 and 57 other bodies, cevering 4,500 indi\'idual are subscribing at thi rate. In thirty districts private individuals up to a total of 3,400 are contributing on the penny per week basis, which is subject to a reduction by half in the case of the unemployed, old-age pensioners and widows of sub cribers, while the non-sub cribing Brigade personnel are charged at the rate of 9d pcr mile. \ further reduction was made in the usual hire cbarges of 1 3d. per mile, \"ith reductions for journeys of mer 100 miles, to public health sen'ices who are now called upon for pay Illent at the rate of 1 - per mile.

0 effort is spared to elenlte tbe sen'ice to the possible le\'el. Eyery yenr new methods and new de\·ices for securing the comfort and well-being of patient'> are strinm for ; eyer)' p"ltient is an ifldi\'idual problem to the dri\'ers and attendants, who fully qualilied ambulance men el1lployed for day and l1ight sen ice.

SU:lIl\L\I{Y SER\'ICES RENDERED.

Year Cases Carried. ;\lilcage.

1919 1,000 20,000

1920 2,()o6 45,191) :t

1921 1,3, 6 25,99+l 1l)22 1, l)56

1l)23 2,2<)4

1t)24 2,X24 50,536

1925 3,149 5l),S45

1026 3,297 63,b31

1C)27 3,l)02 7 ll ,736 1028 -+,533

1929 5,09-+ l)6.-+lJ )

1lJ30 5, tt)7

1931 7,41 b 141,81-+

1932 ,,,070 1 ub, 4iu

1933 (),105 193+ 11,51 222,366

1935 13, 38 2-+" l)71i 1936 16,236 27t),535

Y A.D. PROGRE s

The St. John V.A.D. strength in \ Vales has bee n a u gmented by the registration of two new detac h ments in Brecknockshirf.', viz., Brecknock 22 and Brecknock 24 wlt h :\[rs. 1. ;\.. tevens and 1\lr 1\1. F. L. Paskin respective y as Commandants. This addition to V. A. D. personnel i n the County, which can boast as being the first in. \ Va les to establish a ' t. John V.A.D., \'iz., Brecknock 20, IS largely attributable to the intere t of the newly appointed County Controller, the Han. :'Ilrs. Alastair Cooper, who has \'isited all the 1 ursing Units in the County in company "vit h the Commis ioner, Lieut-Colonel C. G Cole-Hamilton, c.l\1.G., D.S.O.

During the past fortnight the four Female and the one :\Iale '-oluntarv Aid Detachments in Glamorgan \\'E're inspected by Johnson, of the \\ 'estern Comma n d, who was accompanied by the County Controller, Colone l ,\. \\'. Sheen, C. B. E., T. D., l\1.S., and .\s istant County Controller, !\Iajor W -\nderson, 1\1. B., Ch.B. At each inspection a demonstration in Air Raid Precautions was an important feature, meriting the expresed appreciatio n of the Inspecting Officer.

ABERDARE COMPETITIONS.

Jn connection \vith the .-\berdare General Hospital Fete on June 19th, there will be an open com petition for teams of fi\'e men for the" DIoffat" Shield and monetary prizes for the first three teams and a competition for cadets for the J. A. Price" shield and prizes. Entries should be submitted to the Secretary, 1\1r. George T. Jones, 10, Foreman's Row, Abernant, Aberdare. •

Police Ambulance News.

CITY OF LONDO 1 SPECIAL CONSTABULARY

The annual competition for the individual championship was held on April Bth, when 2-1- members competed. The iudges were Capt. A. C. \Vhite Knox, M. C., 1\1. B., and Capt. F. E. Bendix, :\1. R. C. S., L. R. C. P., Senior and .-\ssistant 1\1.0. respecti\ ely, who set a practica l and a viva voce test.

The winner Sergt. A. G Churchill, A Division, followed by Sergt. Quick, C Division, and A/ Sergt. Canning, D Division.

On the same evening the viva voce test for the "Sir \V111. Smith" Cup competition was held, the marks gained being brought forward to the final, which was held on Apri l 21st. On this occasion team work was given as instituted last year, namely, two teams working at once on specific injuries time, neatness and correct method being the deciding features.

Some most interesting- work was witnessed, especially in the final round, when competitors had to load on to a stretcher a patient suffering from a fractured spine, simple fracture right shoulder blade, and capil lary h zemorrhage from wound on forehead. The winning team took 7 minutes 20 seconds to carry out the wo r k, and the liftinf{ of the patient on to the stretcher was a great credit to them.

At the supper which followed Divisional Commander J T. Hayton, presided, supported by Chief Supt. Booth, Capt \V. Goodley, i\Iajor Chalk (Chief Staff Officer), Divisiona l Commanders Wade, Walters and Sir Dudley Pryke, Chief Transport Officer Iarcus-Smith, Quartermaster Brown, Commanders Emery and Craft, and others.

Capt. White Knox announced that liD" Division No . 1 team had won the competition, "C" Division being the

A 10.

r u nners -u p The winning team comprised A / ergt. Canning, Scrgts R u ttC l- and Chapman, and i\ / Sergl. Derry 1\1r. Hayton p r esented each member with an individual memento, a lso the ,I IcRea" Cup to Scrgt. Churchill a s the indi\'idua winner.

1\lETROPuL1T.\ SPECL\L o ST.\13UL\RY.

On S u nday, ,\pril 11 lh, nineteen team::; cDl11pelecJ fOI the "Gollin" Cu p and th "t. Clair" eu p at t he com petitions held at Pee l House.

The j u dges were Capt. .\. C. While Knox (tcam), Capt. F. Bendix and Capl. \V Goodie), (indi"iclual), 'tnlf I n<,pector Luclgate bei llg the competition secretar)

The team test \Va et at a dirl track, \\,here it riJer ha d su tained a fractured right femur, bone pn1truding throug h trouser, fractured left hand, and a contuion of right templ e. Nos. 1 and 2 had to deal with a man sulTering from fra r t ur ed left leg with wound, hernia, and sprained left wrist o. 3 with a man who had fallen off a bus ancl su,>lainl: t, wound, with venous 1!1 back of hand an t! shock No. -I- to describE; in detail how an inscn ihle patien l should be examined in order to en ure corre -t adclition al treatment No.5, II \Vhal is a disloc,ltion, which join t are most commonly dislocated, describe in del.til !'>ign :-., symptoms and first aid treatment of a dislocation."

After a most interesting competition, \\'alter .\llcll , K. B. c., Commandant-in-Chief, presided, and annoullced lll l; results as follows - 1st and "Gollin" Cup, "P" Oi, i<;ion , 277 marks; 2 and liSt. Clair" Cup, "V" Divi<;ion, 3, "S" Division, 230.

Sir \\Talter expressed thanks to the judc"es, who, ll turn, addres ed the competitor, on the work done.

Thanks were also extended to Insp(!ctor Ludt.;'ate an d bis staff, and to Supt. Smith and at Pet>1 House tlll allowing the competitions to take place,

Sir \ Nalter gave particulars of the work tiline hy til l.' members in first aid, and said lhey o\.ved a debt of gratitud > to Commandant Brown, Director of First ,\id and \ir Rai d Precautions, on the great interest and <lllWUl1t 0 time he put into the work.

Out of the nine competitions' 'P" I)i\ ision ha\'e hee r successful on five occasions and •'5" Di\' i ion on the othl l four.

The first of a of annual competitions between til l. sections of "T" Division was held recenlly for the cup pr e sented by Inspector E. B. D. O'Rourke. Or. H. -\. Fento n acted as judge, and a number of staff, Di\ isional and se ltional officers, together with others interesled in the work witnessed the display.

Twickenham were declared the winners, followed Ea ing and Sunbury.

Commandant E. W. Roe, 1\1. 13. E., presented th e trophy an d also first aid awards.

The Table II of War Gases w hich appeared if' our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free . Appli cations should be sent, together with remittance, to "First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E,C'4'

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Int er-Railway final Competition.

FO R the 12th time since 1921 a team representing- t h e Sl1 uthern Railway g-ained the premier award at t h e final c-lJl llpetition, held ll11 April 22ml, at the Gl. Central Hotel, Lo ndon.

Throughl)ul the cla) a number of spectators foJJo \\('cl with grl'at inlerest the team' acti\ities, applauding the work <It the conclu ion of each event.

This competitioll, in addilion to being the o ldest C0111p'l ition run by the l. John .\mbulance Association, is ,d\\'a ys a happy meeting- ground for old competitors and n il\\'a\' ambulanc workers. The side of such evenls doe. nlu c h tn fostu t hL sj>rit de corps which exists between rl'pre scntati, l.!s of all lines, and we \\ ere rlea ed to meet .,L'll'C L)f our olde I readers (one fro111 the first issue) at this 'ca r'::, gathering.

The sellillg' of the team te t was the entrance to a railway wilh ttlllbulan( ' e '>talion, fish '>hop, etc., in close proxi mil} , all rl alisticall} ..,taged and left little to be illwg in e d The individual tc to., were, a ' usual, again

6 L. N. E. (Tyne Docks)

341

7 L. N E . (Parkeston) 340 Southern (Horsham) 332

l) Great Western (Newport) 317t Maximum 478

Thus \\'aterloo A repeated their of last rear and received the Challenge Shield from ,\1 r. R. :\ 1. Hollandl\lartin, who also handed the "Corbet Fletcher" cup to Crewe l\ l achine Shop, and individual prizes to the members of each team.

Col. Perowne proposed an omnibus vote of thanks to '\1r. Ho ll and-i\ l a r tin, :\ l r and :\11's .\Iaxwell and '\If. J. Grossman for staging the tests, to the juuges for their excellent services, and to all stewards and others who had assisted.

H e referred to the importance that raih\ ays placed in first aid and the assistance and incentive the officials gi\ e to thei r employees to take up the work

Mr. Ho land - .\la r tin said how grateful he was for the irw tation to be present and wished he had been able to see more than he had. Ambulance work was most important and should be known by men, women and children . The perils of the road "\'ere great and it was essential that speedy treatment be given The railways were always interested in ambulance \\'ork and they saw in it a way 'of protecting those who travel by rail. Mr Holland-:'IIartin referred the recent accident at Battersea and the good work whIch was done by the ambulance 111tl1.

Lt.-Col. \\ '. [\rchibald, T. D., 1. D., of Luton, \\'ho judged t h e team and No.5, and Lt.-Col. :'II. MacEwan, D.F.C , T D., .\1. B., of Ipswich , who judged Nos. 1, 2, .) and 4, both thanked the St. John Ambulance Association for the invitation to judge the competition

The captain of the \ \'aterloo A team ex pres ed to FIRST .\llJ his extreme pleasure at his team again winning the shield. He was of the opinion that the most important item of the tests were correct diagnosis

TIlE T ESTS

\ \'atcrloo • '.\" Team Wilh Shick!. \Y. Smith, II. Silllmon, E ...\. Richards, (Centre Secretary), F. ;\. C. Merritt (re erve). eated - c. Hatch (captain), J. Simmons.

o! except for cree n This pa r t of the compe tItIOn. S, In our opinion, the most important part of t h e Lo mpetltlOn, as competitors are tested indl'7,idually an d even best captain cannot assist his team other t h an O'a ini ng full marks in his OWI1 test. We the r efore do t h at he lter, staging be employed.' , ::...

1'1 Colonel J. T: W. Pel-owne, V D., T.D , IIosp ita ll er of 1e Order, presldecl at the ubsequent presentation of supported by 1f. R 1\1. Holland-l\ l artin, C. B , 1alrman of the Southern Ra ilway and officia ls of ot h er Itnes.

I Sir Perciva.l Wilkinson, Secretary-Ge n era l , an n o un ced t 1e res ul t as foltows :_

.\s \\'e have already stated the team test depicted an a station team had been attending a first aid practice al:d were Just leaving when a motor - cyclist rushed up and 1I1formed them that he had run into a man wheeling a hand-truck. On examination the man was found to be suffering from a complicated fracture of the pe l vis, T he motor-cyclist was unhurt. leither doctor nOlan ambulance was available, but a hospital was -f00 yards d istant down the h il l. T ime allowed was 20 minutes.

Th e ind i vi d ua l tests were:- TOS. 1 and -I- were called to to a p l.atelaye r was struck by an engine while sh u ntl11g operatIOns w ere 111 progress He was fl u ng clear of t h e lin e and found to have a compound fracture' of the right leg and a foreign budy in the left eye. First aid matedal was a\'ailable and also a bystander.

No 2, while on d u ty on a railway platform, saw a passe n ger alight from a train, stumble, and fall on to the p lat fo r m . T he pat ie n t h ad a dislocated ank le. Firs,t aid m ate ri a l w as avai lab le N o.3 aw a m an d r in k something out ot a bottle and

fall down. The bottle was found to contain vermin killer. Fir t aid material was available.

No.5 was required to render first aid to a man "'.ho \\'a splashed on both legs with acid fro.m a Jar which fell off a passing lorry. First ald materIal was available and al 0 a

Time allowed was 8 minutes in each case.

JUDGES' CO;\Ii\lENTS.

Team te t by \V. Archibald, T.D., l\I.D:, of :--:-

The standard of work seen at Inter-Radway CompetItions becomes higher each year, and this was no exception. Indeed, it is becomll1g difficult to find out, by the means avaihble, the defintte superiority of one team o\'er another.

There were no <, snags" in this year's task, and what was very impressi\'e in the \\'ork of all the was the thorouo'hness of the examination of the patient and the in his comfort and wdfare. One definitely outstandincr point was accorded, namely, the diAerence in the teams regards the preparation of materials and the application of the remedial measures. .Some teams were lacking in method, and allowed the to all round the patient. The ideal, of course, IS to a VOId lItter of am' description, and to avoid disturbing the patient any than is necessary. The team should see that the patient is put, as far as they are able,. at ease, out all the Jl107}elllenLs with as little nOis e as posslble Some teams overlooked this point, and the patient suffered.

One other point deser\'es mention. \,"\Then bearers are changed en route, no is)' orders and the.': military", stam ping of feet on taking up the new pOSltlOns are lIable to produce :-

(a) Hurtful results to the patient, who may be disturbed, and

(b) The dust raised by stamping feet IS very llkely to settle on the stretcher and dressings, and cause trouble later on.

This was the most useful point arising out of the test, and some teams would occupy a much higher position in the final list if they de\'oted more time to the developn;ent of team work on the lines of quietness. Of course, In the artificial settin a and in full \'iew of spectators, the No. -l's naturally wish orders heard, but at the judae is there to record the team's work, and IS 10 a posltlOn 10 all points earned,

Individual tests by Lt.-Col. ;\IacEwan, D. F. c., T. D., B., of 1pswich :-

On the whole the work was wcll done, The only criticism I have to make is that the differE'ntial diagnosis between a sprain, a fracture and a dislocation was rather hazy in most cases. .,

In the poisoning case, secondary ald, that IS a doctor, must be procured as soon as possible and a good of competitors ha\'e yet to learn that in a of poisoning, artificial respiration or the of a n emetic cannot be done except between the convulSlons. Very few also realised the tremenclous collapse which follo\\'s as a result of extreme muscle exhaustion.

Practically the only criticism of the fracture with arterial hccmorrbage, is that many competitors applied a ligature instead of applying a tournilluet.

Great Wes t e rn.

annual social g;athcring anel prcsentation of awards organised by the G.vV.R. Birmingham Diyi ion, took place on April 9th when ;\'1r. VV. E. IIart, Di\'isional'uperintendent) pre s lded, supported by the ::\Jayor of L eam ington, Alderman C. H. Southorn, and

uther of Council. A. oJ efficiency awards granted by the lompctny fOJ b, -0, 30 and 35 years' sen'ice were hy 11r. 11. 0- dal11 '> Clarke, Stan A' 'i ·tant to the Gl'ncral i\lanagl'l, \\ h (1 referred to the jact that ncarly 2 -1-00 ()l thl tall were already in posscs iun of the l.:J-!,'car. T\yo competition trophics, " Ba,lltock " CyP 101: ach'anced worker, and the I' ellx 1< ello\\? Cup fO' heo inners wcre by ;\lrs. Cl.arkc to , till :tarford Road and \\'edne bury teams .. Clas" a\\ ard' were distrihuted to 01 clas ' by 1.1r. II. S. 13. \\ hilley, l?l\' ISIOllal EngIneer, an to th ' Southern H.oad and tratlord -oll-r \ \'on clas l'" 11 , ),11'. F. K. 1 dley, (;oods

CllELTEXlL\:\I.-The Ro) al \\ ·L1 I. lIall: \\,as the scene of the annual tor thc J Player" hickl) open to ot t!1C Ch<J.ten}1:,1111 C1.\\, .l. , ambulance cia s, 011 .\pnl L,ll Dr. Han'ey, team te t, and Enc luart 1 tt) lUI, LdI t., llldi\'idual \\'o rk. ., ;\11'. L. 1. A. Cal1,l\\ ay, D1 tnct Cloods :\lanagl'r, presided 0\ e; the prOCCl'd11l 0S, and ,among', presen t \\'ere Dr. Allman PO\\'l'll and local officers n t the :\1r. Calla\\ ay referred to tIll' nt, Cheltenham team in \\ inning thl: 1)1 rl'ct()r.... hldd. l:h result of the contcst \\ a' a :-1::.t, 1:. 1. \\ 'i lliams' team; 2nd, :\1r. II. JenkIns 1 he shlel and prize \\ ere 11) Jean ,l also prcsented thc Cup gl\'lll hy. Dr. .\I1111<l11 1 (J\\ l:11., Jo the most \\ ork dUrIng th\,; year to Gorlon captain of the .team \\ 11l1111,lg trophy. \\ 'i ll1am, dlstnlmtcd eX,1l11lnatlo'1 awards to successful I11cmbcrs 01 thl: class.

-TOlJR BRlD GE.-Examination award:., U}l\\ ,:rds oi. If) 111 number, \\ 'ere presented to 111(1111)er5 01 thl ambulancc class at thc annual heltl at he Hotcl on April 16th, when :\lr. I·. k. Pelle). 1)1 'tm Goods :\lanager. prc idld. and Dr. T. J. Il'cturd , and rcprcscntati\ 'c5 of thL local \\ en: th large company present. The Chalrm.<ln. \\h" thc company that thc clas heLll III lXI'::>teIlc,e • I vcar congratulated t\\ 0 ot, Its memher:,. :\[lSSI s. I: l. Inch and J. Da\'il' ·, un ha\,1l1g hcen the lOIl.l pallY's gold mcc1al for l'xccptinnall) Gr._.t, aI, I rendered during thl year 1936. An .J11tere,stl11g ll',ltt1ll in the proceedings \\as the prc cntat lon ot, a ,cut gla . bo\\'1 to Dr. ;\lurphy. Cia s. dl!:>lnlJlltl'd .h :\11'. A. J. 1nsall) Assistant D1\ ISlona! \\ In also presented a numhcr of gold efilClcncy mec1ab.

\VEy:\lOlJTll.- The v\ 'e) mouth Quay. and \\ l') mou : 1 Station ambulance. c!asscs held a C()11l.1mll'(\ of awards at thc ClIl tOil liotd on AprIl .\11. h.. J. Bardoot, District Coods :\1anagcr, prcsldcd, and \\'a '> supported by the :\layor of \Vcymoulh, Cou.nctllnr i, Biles, ;\11'. H. A. G. Stc\'en, J.P Dr. and officers of the Company. The pre \\ macle by :\1r. R. G. Pole, Divisional I also distributed a large nl11111)er of gold efficlcncy Reports on the prog;rc.ss of the classes .were gl\'el} I.)) the respective secrctanes, J. Badey v\. -I Bellamy. :\1r. Pole congTatu1ated Wcymouth on Its goo l v,'o rk. A prescntation was made on hehalf ?f the W C) mouth Quay class to Dr. Cooper, and of a cIgarette caSL to 1.1r. Bellamy.

PENz \xcE..-The annual competition for the " Bolitho" Shield, open to in West Cornwall. place at Penzance, on Apnl 28th, wIlen fOllr tcams co peted. The adjudicator \-vas Dr. J. P'. S. Ward, Tavistock, who c test provided the competitors WIth ()

FIR S T

patic nts to llc dealt with intelligently and promptly. The result \\ as as jollo\\ s :-1 st, Truro Loco., 72 marks; 2nd, Truro Traffic, 70; 3rd, Sl. IYCS, -I-l1l, Pellzance, 52. till' "ullsequl11t fUl1ction was heJel at the \ 'L''Sll'rn Jlotel, \\ hen i\1 r. E. Lake, Di "isional pr-csidc d. :\lrs. Jlolitho presentcd the challenge shield to ;'ll' \\ inlling- team, and cOllgratulated them on their succc::,s.

\\'ORCESTER.-Thc :\1a) or of \\'orcestcr, Lady Atkins, a't l'IHlcd at thc Cuildhall, \\'orccster, un Aprii 28th, to Irl':-'1I1t competlti o 11 trophil", prizls and cfficiency

<l1l' dals to 1llt'111lJl'rs of the \\'orcester C.\V.R. Division.

.\1 1'. R. J. i\rm:trong, J)i\ 'isiolla l LOCOJ1loti\c 'uperIntl'l1 dcl1t, presHlcd, and \\ as supportl'd I)y the 1J 19h Sheriff, ,\ lrs. Martin l\ucklc. :\liss Ogll\'}, :\lr. 1 r. j. Peacock, Ui\'i'iional :\1r. J. A. \\'arren King-. District Coods and local officlak Examination

a\\a nls lor llle11lhns of the \\ 'o rcl'ster and adjaccnt

cla s-.es \\ l re rihlltcd by the 1r An rl'port o[ the )Tar's progrcs \\ as hy I'.

}\:lIIIIEI\ \II;\STER.-:\lr. J. 1\. \\ arrlll (;(1<)( 10..; :\lall:l:":-lT, prl'iided (1\ l'l' an ultilu,>ia'::>lic

III ;.1l1111daIlCl \\orhrs Illllle I{at1\\(lv llcll lInlcl, Kidderrnilltl r, (Ill \pr l; list, Whl'l1 LXtlllJl(latioll J\ 1l1li111ll'r., (It lhl' j ridlknlllnstl r and IIarlll'lJt1f\ cla<;es ,'erl' distrlhuted 11\ lh. n. X. :\liks.

1 ctllrl r. whe, abo -prllllted a llumber () f l'fficicncy

'l<ldak A was made to the I Iartlehl1ry class ecrc[;l1'\'. :\1 r. T. Oil his rUll!)\ al to \\ 'o rc\' tlr. ;;11<1 tocd.;: the iorm (\[ a cal o[ pipLs.

lon don , Mid l a nd a nd Scottish.

L.:\L .-On Frida), April 16th , the \\ Illter Gardell·. \\ as thl' \ l'llUl' (Jt the final cOl1lpetitioll 01 the \ ll1illllaIlCl' Cl'lllrl'.

The larL:l' hall 1'()(1111 \\ as tl1r1ll'cl into a LakLland ,CU1C \\ ith rl'all"tll' cril'ct. and LhroL1L:hol1t thl' da,' the IarL:lst (ll tlw:-'l interested i;l the L.:\l.S. -work \\itll lssed the n;lll linalth at \\01L.

The teams Wl'rl' .11ppClSL I to be hikinL: ancl each ,a rnld a stick. and :t pockl'l first-ald kit. Their '\ ttelll}o 11 \\ a:-. atlr;lclul IJ) <.,cre:tllb iDr help. and Oil rl':tl' hlllg- S:l'l1l' of tlll' accltiLllt foulld a man, ,ho ut -I-U, I) InL: Oil till L: rnulld unCIll '>ClIl\lS and sufferin!-! fllt11 a IJrtIISl' tIll thl' kit temporal 1 (Jill \\ ith of a racturcd ],;ISl'. fraclllrc.:d shai hl1l11l'rl1<", hlccdll1 " t rOlll rl;.!lll pal11l al1d ira c:llred ng:lt 1·l'111Ur.

\\ as a 11 ikcr\ h;\ \ rsack containing' a \\ atcrproof shll t, ,\ .ttl·r houle. '>plnt ..,[0\ e, coil ()f j'()}le. and also nearhy \\ere COll\'l'nil:11tl) placed t\\(1 ·tout poles. The paliellt ,as ClccOmp;tlllul all hystl'rtcal \\ omal1. \\ ho reiused (J Iea\'c him. She k11l \\ that the I1l';trl'st house \\ as, with d ll'icpholle, .) 1l11ks <l\\';l\ ane! that no roati\\'(l\ \\as rca rer.. 1\11 Slgl1S and !:»:lllllt011lS \\ ere representcd 011 thl patll'1lt, so that it \\ <IS Ul111CCC sary til ask the judge, ])r. A. Dench, of York, any qtfestions.

I here \\'ere al a individual a1ld \ i\ a \·occ tcsts, l ud g'ccl 11) Dr. T. J. Coakley. of Li\erpool. ancl Dr. C. ['orsyt l:. of Neslon, respcctinly; the lests taxing the l'01l1pe tltors' knowledge to thc full.

Among tho e \\ ho witne sed the work wet · thc ::\layor of Blaekpool (Ald. \V. S. Ashton. J.P.), the ),layor of L} tl:am Annes (Councillor C. II. Rile), J.P.). the Or ot Flcct\\'ood ( lei. \-\T. E. T.P.), the ::\1ayor of Blackp?ol (C;ol111cillor E. Holt, J.P.) ,11c1.0 f!1ccrs of the L.l\I.S., I11cll1dlJlg l.[r. G. L. Darbyshire (Ch le1 Officer, Labour and Establishment), 1\1r. Ashton

A I D. 293

Davies (Chid Commercial 1.Ianager), who was accompanied by 1\1rs. Davies, and olhers.

J\1r. Darbyshire presided at the subscquent announcemcnt of results and presentation of a\vards.

He congratulated the teams and others 011 the time and trouble taken lo learn first aid quite yoluntary and without pay. Railwaymen \- ere always expert ambulance men and dealt \\ ith far more accidents on the roads than on the raihvays. lIe referred to the greal 10 s of Dr. It \\'y 'e, )'l.B.E., who died the prCYious day. The numbers of the were kccping up. Up to the end of the ambulance year (june, 1936) 3,495 fiftecn-year medals had heen awarded) togcther with 1,790 bars for 20 ycars, 888 for 25 years, 335 for 30 years, 86 for 35 years, and 11 for -1-0 years. :\1r. Darbyshire also refcrred to other ambulance activities on the L.:\LS., including admissions to the Order of t. John, :\leritoriolls ca es, etc. The re ult of the competition was: -1st, :\Iayficld, 381 marks; 2nd, Crewe (:\lachine hop), 369i; 3rd, Edge: Hill Goods, 361. Othcr teams werc Crcwe (Coppe:r Shop), Camden Goods, uttoxeter, \Volverton, Bri tal Loco., and Accrington Traffic 1, \vho were placed in that order. Ashton Davies graciously presented the trophies and prizes.

Dr. Dench replied to the vote of thanks to the and gave an in tructiYe criticism on the work done. :\1r. G. Hill, Gencral Ambulance 'ecretan', \\-as re pon ible for the arrangements, \\hich proved r to be o£ the highcst possible.

The cighth final competition for \yomen'::, teams \\,a held at Eu ton on ::\lay 3rd, when thc lour leading teams at the preliminary competition, competed for the Championship Cup.

The j lldges \\'ere Col. \Y. Archibald, :\I.D., of Luton. and Dr. \\'. Duncan, of Linrpool, who thc tcam and individual tests rcspectively.

For the team te t the competitor had to attend a maie! who. \\ hilst carrying a hea\')" bucket of coals, passed a team pipe out of which stcam i uee! from a leak at

Sir Josiab Stamp Presenting tbe Championship Cup to CIa go\\' <<.-\" Teal1l.

the lC\' l'l of her head. She fell to the o'rotlnd, trikin" her against a tal?lc On examination the was to be .'u[ferlng hom burn of the face, COI1ell lO.n \\'lth from a calp \\'0 t1l1d , fractured right WIth arterIal haemorrhage aboye ankle. and all teams (ltel remarkably well.

The . indiYidual te 'ts , including "iva "oce, \\ 'e re of an exactll1g character, but again the competitor' \york was worthy of praise.

Mr. Darbyshire presided at the presentation ceremony, and gaye particulars of the work done by the women members of the ambulance movement on the L.1LS.

The result was again a \Yin for a team from with 319 marks. was econd with 304, London B. third, 28"', and London A. fourth, 243!. The winning team comprised 1\1. Reid, \V. Richards) B. Grant, S. Kinloch (Captain), and 11. Campbell.

Sir Josiah Stamp presented the cup and indiviuual prizes, and expressed his pleasure at being present at the function. The L.M.S had the largest llumher of first aiders of any organisation in the country and the directors watch with great interest the work of the \\"omen memher

1\Iiss Catto expressed thank to Si r Josiah for his presence and for the interest he takes ill the work.

Dr. Archibald replied on behalf of the judges and said that the \York \\as perfectly done.

Those present to witness the competitions included

D. G. Montieth (Competition Secretary, S.J.A.A.).

J. H. H. Hender on (General Secretary, S.A.A.A.), 1\11'. Lazenby ami other officials of [he Company.

Briti sh Red Cross Society.

The final competitions for the "Stanley" shields were held at the \\'harncliffe Rooms, !Ilarylebone, on \\ 'ednesday, April 14th, when a large gathering "vitnessed the work of the finalists.

Both team tests were staged and the parts acted well by the various men and women.

For the \\'omen's test the scene rerresented was a bungalow to wbich an addition was built. An errand boy had collided ",ith a ladder causing- a workman to fall off it and sustain a fracture or dislocation of cen'icle spine, whilst the boy himself a fractured right thigh

The second \yorkman, with \\·h0111 the boy also collided, sustained a ruptured internal \'iscus. Treatment had to be administered in 30 minutes, including- preparing- beds to receive the patients. Doctor and ambulance were nOl available and the hospital was 15 miles away.

The men had to deal with a man who had been stabbed in a brawl and had sustained a wound on forehead, stab wound in chest, in\'oh ing- lung, and also a stab wound of femoral artery. A second man was also attacked and competitors found lhat he was suffering- fr0111 a cul throat involving the trachea. Twenty minutes was allowed for the test.

During the afternoon H. R. H. The Princess Royal, Commandant-in-Chief, was welcomed by Sir Edward Stewart, K . B. E., M. D., the Deputy Chairman, and Dame Ber) I Oliver. Her Royal Highness witnessed two teams of men and two of women at work and followed with greal interest the competitors' acti\·ities.

Al the subsequent presentation of awards the results were announced as follows :-

Wornen.-1st, Kent /60 (Chislehurst), 836 marks; 2nd, Angus / -t (Brechin), 794; 3rd, Denbigh 12 (Colwyn Bay), 755. "Evelyn vVren" cup (for best leader), tie between :'lEss J. D. Duke (Angus/ i-) and Miss A. Merton (Kent / 60). "G_ E. Morgan" (for best member), M iss O. Kenworthy (Denbigh 12).

Men.-1st, Notts , 15 (Kirkby-in- Ashfield), 786 marks; 2nd, Glarnorgan 33 (Barry), 773; 3rd, East Lancashire / 33 (l\lanchester, Longsight), 727 ":-.rargaret Gordon Harker" cup (for best leader), tie between S. Cla r kson (E. Lanes 33) and W. Hardy (Glarn 33).

It will be seen that for the second time in succession Kent / 60 gained the highest position in the women's test; and Notts 1S repeated their successes of 1934 and 1935.

A I D.

The sh ields a nd medals w ere presented to the s u ccessf ul competito r s by the Comma nd a nt -in-C hi f, who ofC red her congrat ulati ons to the winners and the individual members.

\ very high standard of work w as disrlayed by most teams, a the marks gai ned a ptJ y show.

Death of J. F. C. Hossack.

\V E much to announce the death of l\Iajor James Francis C ark Hossack, F. R. e. S. (E.), COlllm iss ion er No. 10 District, S. J .A.B., which took place lHl 10th, at Ips\.\'icb ; through, we under tand, blood poisoning' of the wound he received during- the Great \\'ar.

:'Ilajor Hossack had gi\-en forty years' !:>ef\ to the Brigade, which he joineJ in 1 S97, and throug-hout hi!:. continuous service carried out the principles of the Order of St. J ohn.

Born in :'Ill-ljor completed his education at Edinburgh l' ni\ersit.' and the of Surgeons. After serving on board as a :,hir's doctor be returned to Edinburgh and taught in the .\natomy cllool and acted as house at the ho pital.

lIe settled in J p wicll in 1897 and tlK)k rarticular in X-ray treatment.

During the Great \\'ar he renden:d great sen iLe in France and Serbia e!:>peciallyat alonica, and he recei\ed many honour for his sterling- work.

In NO\'ember, 1921, he appointed Commissioner of I 0. 10 District, and he ",as the proud pt1S essor of the I nsignia of Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John.

1\ l aior Hossack will be greatly missed from Brigade circles and we offer our deepest condolences to his famil.' on their great loss.

The photograph \\ hich appears PI1 page 2RJ in thi issue had already been printed before the news had bccn COlweyed to u .

The Club.

0' :\larch 12th the 'Iub had a itspeaker E. \\T. '. B. E., \\'ho gayc an intereting lecture l)(l the IIome Sen ice .\mbulance Committce. ;\lajor Paget, wbo is DirE'ctor and Secretary of the Committee, dealt wilh the inception of the Service and how its work had increased fr0111 year to year until for the year ending December 31st, 1036, O\ er 150,579 cases had been carried, the total since the inception being nearly one and three quarter mil li ons He also refe r red to the l obile X-ray Service and other important work which the J oint Council had undertaken.

At the Ap ril meeting Capt. .\. E. Reed, Chief Officer of the L.e.e. Ambulance Service, gave an llu strated lantern lecture on the Amb ul ance Serv ice under his cont r o l. It is we ll known that the L. C C. Se r v ice is the l argest of its kind in h e co un try, and members of the Club were k ept fully interested in the description of its working, which includes invalid transport, etc , in ad diti on to slreet acc id ents

Each lecture was fo ll owed by a discussion at w hi ch members, themselves in many cases in charge of amb ul ances, contri buted.

The Apri l meeting concluded the season's sess ions, but mem bers are asked to book the date of the followi ngfunctions: Next October 8th; A nnual dance, October 23rd, Cora II ote l.

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\\'ESTERN AREA.-Lt.-Col. F. R. B. Skrimshire, R.A. :'11. C. , carried out the annual \Var Office inspection of the V.A. D., formed by members of :\To 64 (Ealing) ursing Di\'i ion, on Tuesday, April 9th.

-\mong- those present were Lady District Officer Robinia, ViSC0untess l\lountgarret, O. B. E., Coullty C,ntroller for :\liddle ex, Cr. E. H. Brooks and County Councillor :'IIrs. Brooks.

Thirty-six members and thirteen cadets took part in the demonstration of practical work, five of them showing what they would do in gas warfare. Lt.-Col. Skrimshire inspected each section and questioned thE' members on their methods.

After the inspection, Lt. -Col. Skrimshire cong-ratulated the detachment on its splendid turn-out, its eluciency and the way ill ,\ hi c h his questions had been answered. The standard \\ <IS good.

Yiscountess :\lountgarret made an appeal for more mobile members, and a vote of thanks was accorded the inspecting officer.

O. 3 (EASTERN) D[STRICT, S.]. A. B.

l\1ARKET HARBOROUGH NURSING DI\'ISION - The first annual dinner of the Division was held in the Harborough Ambulance Hall, on April 21st. Lady Di\,. Supt. I iss Nicholson presid ing.

:\lrs. 1\la)'cock paid a warm tribute to the Lady Supt. and said that the mem bers of the Division were anxious to assist at the local hospital.

The Division now had a membership of oyer 50, and through the generosity of the to\>\'nspeople, the sum of £50 had been raised by a flag day, which sum had helped considerably in pro\ iding uniforms.

Classes were being held in Air Raid Precautions, and the Di v ision already felt it had justified its existence.

Lady Div. President l\Irs. Barwell Ewins kindly pre s ented certificates and medallions gained during the year.

3 (WESTERN) DISTRI CT, S.].A.B.

BURS LEM l\URSINC D[\'lSION. - An inte r esting- ceremony took place at the Glowes Memorial Church-room last month ",hen l\lrs. A L <;! es, President of the Burslem Nursing Association, presenteJ the certificates gained by members of th e Division in the recent home nursing examination

1\1rs. Lees referred to the value of a knowledge of home nursing, and said that the Brigade was performing a useful s e rvice in educating its members in these matters.

l\0.

4 DISTRI CT, S.]. A. B.

LI\ ERPOOL CORPs. - In present ing a beautiful sih'er cup, on April 2 hh, to the Liverpool Corps for annua l c0111petili o n :l.lll mg its Ilursillg l\lr. C. PLlrter, of the South Ambulance Division said that he did n o t think the public appreciated sufficiently the useful \\'ork done by the Sc. J ol1n nurse, the training received and the efficiency attained. If the occasion arose, they wou ld find th e Brigade nurses a real asset. Where crowds co ll ected, their attendaIlce had been most valuable and their work very creditable. He had great pleasure in handi n g t he Silver Challenge Cup to Lady Corps Supt. Dr. M. Joyce for

annual among the various I\ursing Di\' isions of the orps. It would be known as the" Porter" cup, and the subject of the te tS would be home nursing-.

The first competition for the cup look place that same afternoon, and was won by a team of two (\ l s Kavanagh and ;\lrs. YoulLon) frol11 Li\ erpool St)uth ur ing Division Thirteen (eams entered.

The judging was in the hands of Dr. i\larg-arcl J 0) ce and Dr V. Foley.

No.5 DISTRICT, S.J A.B. SIIEFFIELD DI\ ' IS[O - Thc annual gencrnl meeting was held at headquarters, 0n April Hth, \\ hen Assistant Commi ioncr H. C. Else pre idcd.

Lady Div. upt. ;\lrs. ]. Windle said that :\Ir. was instrumental in forllling the Di\ i ion 25 ycars ago, and it was a great pleasure to ha\'e him in the chair.

The secretary's report howed that there \\'ere 41 mem bers, all of whom wcre Y. A. D.' . Awards gained during the year included. enice \leJal Bars for 2S yearS' enicient service by i\. t ? r :\1 rs Willoughby; for 20 years' service by "Lad) Supl. :'lr · Windle. Service l\ledal for 15 years' by the Di\ torckeeper 1\1rs. Hilton and A. Sister :\lrs. Chappell. Fifteen labels and pendants, fi\'e medallions, three fourth sen iCl' chevrons, three second service chenons, and three lirs t sen ice chevrons .

The total number of duties carried out ",as 2,756 , 1,262 cases being treated.

:'Ilr. Else congratulated the Division on its elTi c ienl \ and splendid achievements. They were a credit to I\o :, District. He was vcry glad to be present.

It was announced lhat the" Else" cn, ient tronh) had been av;arded to the Division for 100 per cent. efliciency.

No.9 DISTRICT, S.J.A B. \VEYl\10UTlI DJ\ ISION. - .\ pleasant social evening was held on April 27th, during which a presenta t ion of awards l?ained in the pa t year took place. For this th e Div. 1\1r. II. J. anSOIl1, occupied the chair, supported by Dr. Rodier Heath, County Commissioner, and others.

The chairman welcomed the guests, and expressed hi s appreciation of the work performed by the mcmber of the Division.

The present streng-th of the Division wa 18. A mos t capable member had been lost by the death of 1\1 rs. Dine.

During the year, 23 private cases and 77 cascs on public duty had been treated, and members had giH: n assistance at thE Weymouth and District Hospital.

Financially the year had been a successful one, lhe ba lance in hand at its close being £25.

Awards Rained were kindly p r esented by Mrs. A: V. Hurley, these including 7 first aid certificates, 4- medallion s and 10 label::; and reIlJ;wts.

Dr. Rodier Healh thanked the members for their keenness, and said that although none of (hem were required for duty in London on Coronation Day, Lhey would represented at the Empire Review by H.l\ I The Queen, 111 IIyde Park, the service at St. Pau l 's Cathedral, and at other events connected with the Brigade Jubilee Celebrat ions.

The remainder of the evening was enjoyab ly spent in danc i ng- and music,

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Fill in, cut out and post the Coupon for a free coPY of the booklet" Therapy as Profession. "

-MAE INSTITUTE LEATHERHEAD

No. 10 DI TRICT, S.J \. B.

Ir ,,"ICII NCRSI 'G ADET CO;\IPETlTIOl\S. - Two COI1lpetitions were held on ,\pril 25th, the hrst of these be ng a team test in which three teams took part. The judge was Lady Corp upt. iss Ho ack, and the ca es to be t r eated were a patient ufTering \,·ith fractured forearm and Rrazed knee, and other with grit in the eye and a gr:1zed elbow. The \\'inninf; team \\'a led by Cadd Peggy Blake.

The econd tE' t \"RS in bedmaking, judged by Lady upt. DRrwin. The winners were adets O!i\'e Garrod and :\"anC\ Cornish.

Fa\' l1urable l':OlTIlI1ents were made on the standa r d of \\'o rk sho\"n.

[RTSII FREE STATE DISTRICT

The competitions for the \\'omen's InJiviJual Cup \'as held at the St. John Ambulance Brigade lIall, Dublin, on .-\pril15tl1. There were entrant.

The cup \Vas \\'on by ,.\. Si ter B. :'I f. Dickenson, Harcourt Nursing Di\'ision, with 208 mark. The shield for the novice competitor ,,·ith hig-hest marks was gained by .-\. Si ter R. ig-g-ers, King-sto\\'n Di\ ision, v:it h 206 markc:; ; A Sister \f. City of Dublin Nursing Division, came third \\'it h 202. In tllis competition R minimum of 85 per Gent. of the total number of marks allotted h::LS to be gained to qualify for either cup or shield.

The judg-es wE're Dr. C. Pugin f r J. H. Coolic::Ln, F.R.C.S., :'Iliss :'I1el\'i11e, Queen's Institute nf 0i"ursing, ;\Iiss ;\L Comyn, A. R. R. C., and Lady District Officer iss O\'erend.

] tems (Divisional ne\"s and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, ptc.), for this rage should be sent to Ambulance ister, ,'0 The Editor, FIRST Am, 46, CRnnonstreet, London, E.C.4.

Coming Events

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars o r forth· coming events fnr inclusion (free of cbarge) under this heading :\IAY.

21.-St. John Ambulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations, Competitions, Gt. Central Hotel.

22. - St. ]0 h n Am bulance Brigade J u bi lee Celebrations, Review, Hyde Park.

22.-Liverpool Corps S.J.A.B., Flag Day

23. - St. John Ambulance Brigade J ubilee Celebrati ons, Church Parade, St. Paul's Cathedral.

2S.-St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade Jubilee Celeb r ations, Investiture by H. M. The King.

29.-Joint Rally, St. John and B.R.C.S. Personnel in Pembrokeshire and Ambulance Competitions, Hean Castle, Saundersfoot.

29.-Annual Inspection, by the Commissioner for Wales, of Brigade Units in <;::armarthenshire Centre.

29 & 30.-St. John Ambulance Brigade J ubilee Ce ebrations, A. R. P. Course, Gt. Central Hotel. JUNE.

5. - No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District Annual Inspection, Hyde Park.

S.-Annual Inspection of Units in Caerphilly County Ar ea, Glamorgan Centre, by the Commissioner for Wales, 8.-British Red Cross Society F lag Da '

A I D.

10.-London and North Ea tern Rai lway Eng-land \ Scotland Competil ion, Glasgow.

12.-No r lh Linco ln shire Branch B. R. C. S"

12.-Ann u a l Inspection, Pontypool and Di tr iet Corps.

16.-Ca r diA· and District Road Tran port \l11hulance COl ll. petition, Tewport, I\ l on.

19.-Powel l DufTryn ,\ oeiated Collieries (Wc<.;tcrn .\rl',) Inter-Colliery Competition. Penyg-raig.

19.-" Ald. vVhittaker" ,\mhulancc Shield Open Con 1. petition, Halifax.

1 Counly .\rea Inspection by Commic.;c:;il)l10r for \ Vales.

20.-Li\'erpool Corps S. J \. B., Church Parade, St. Luk l''s Church.

26. - Brighouse Hospitals' Committee .\l11hulance Cl)l11pl,ti. tions

27. - Surrey Rnd Sus ex .]. .\. B. County I n'>pect ion.

27. - Eastern Area, No.1 District, S.J ,X H., Church Para d , \ Voolwich

27. Presentation of Colours and 1n pe ct il)1l of Kent B. R C hy II. R. [ I. The Prince'S,> Rl))'al, Canterbury. JL'r. Y.

4. - National Road Pas enger Tran port .\l11bulance .\S .lleiation " Stirk" Trophy Final Cl)mr titioll, \[anehe slL'r.

4.-Kent County .]..\. B. Inspection, Dll\er.

1D. - EIland Demonst ration and Gala .\mhul.ancl' Cl)fl) Iwt'tions.

Reviews

GAS-A Synopsis of Defence

HOW WILL YOUR DIVISION COMMEMORATE THE CORONATION?

By John Fenton, l\1.B.,

n.Ch., B.,\.O., D.P.II. London: Dale, Reynolds L' C()., Ltd., 46, Cannon Strl , E.C.4.

P1'I'Ct' nel, post lId.

Within the com pas of 43 rages Dr FcntCln out to classify all facts and details connected \\'ith the acti cn of war gases, the treatment uf casualties and the metho d:; of protection open to individuals and communities; and he obtains his objects in praise\.\'orthy fashion. To do this il manner helpful to students who are required to maste r 1 immense quantity of detail, he condenses hi material a](1 sets it out in a systematic and concise form II ec fn II I padd ing.

The book opens with a description of technical ter s and of the various methods of ·att::Lck from the air. It tll n deals, chapte r after chapter, with the war gases as primarily affect eye, nose and skin. Then, after a carl' ld l analysis of certain non-war gases, its chapters out the steps by which individual and collective protecti on may be attained. Its final chapter deals brieny with t he organisat i on of Air Raid Schemes on the part of lo cal autho ri t es.

Th e book is well printed on good paper; and the t ype leaves not h i n g to be desired by students. In short, \\'e co rdi a ll y commend the book to o u r readers who, after i n g its contents, will hnd the subject much less difficult th a n t h ey a n ticipate d and w ill duly record their thanks to the Dr. F enton who, as the Deputy Medica l Officer of Health of E2st b o urn e a nd a Co u nty Surgeon in the St. Jo hn Amb ul ance B r iga d e, is an accepted author ity

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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelupe "Query," and addressed-FIRST AID 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4·

2. - All Queries mus t be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 01 the J()urnal, or, in case of Queries flOm abroad from a recent issue.

3.- T he Textb ook. to \\hich retelence may be made in this column is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

TREATMENT OF HEART ATTACK

A. F. (Kettering)-I met a person (non-first aider) who as:<ed me if I should raise the head and shoulders of a patient sufferino- from a heart attack. I cautiously replied that it would depend what the case was like.

Then this person went on to relate that she was present when a woman had a allack .and died soon afterwards. "Vith her head raIsed breathIng was much easier: but an officious person insisted that the patient ou o- ht to he kept flat. This was done, and breathing difficult immediately her head was lowered.

I said that in such a case I should raise the head and shoulders, but that no rules could be laid down to fit every case, and that common sense was needed to ascertain the particular rules in our Textbook which applied to a particular case.

Your kind ruling will be much apprecIated.

Your answer was perfectly correct because there are varying causes of "heart attacks. "

Of course in all such cases you would carry out the instructions of the Textbook (p. iSS) and place your patiellt recumbent with to one side and with head and shoulders raised (or lowered) if the patient's face was flushed (or pale). Further, if you found that the recumbent position caused increased difficulty in breathing, you would raise (and sup.: port) the patient in a semi-recumbent position in the hope that this position would give relief.- CORBET FLETC HER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

R. D. (West Kensington).-Not long ago I was conducting an examination for Association certificates. Among the candidates was a man who was decidedly weak. As a final test I asked him what he would do if he were called to a woman who had just been pulled out of the water and was not breathing. You may imagine my surprise when with an innocent and confident smile, he replied :-" IJ 1 had it wzlh me I should give her some artificial respi1ation! !" I did not recommend him for the certificate of the Association.

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

H A<: MORRHAGE FROM INTERNAL ORGANS.

L. D. (Newstead}. - A few members of our Division were discussing some ambulance problems; and, as we did not arrive at any satisfactory conclusion, we decided to ask your help.

In the treatment for internal hremorrhage we are

A 10.

instructed to "sprinkle cold water on the face; hold smelling salts to the nostrils." As these are, apparently, stimulants, why are they included in the treatment for uncontrolled hccmorrhage?

Like you, I have been puzzled as to the reason why til e Textbook recommends us to stimuhte patients sufferin g from Hremorrhage from an I nlernal Organ-not Interna l Bleeding, please! Indeed, my experience confirms th e wisdom of what I was taught as a student - namely, t o withhold all stimulants with Hcemorrhage and Hea d Injuries.

Perhaps, ho\yever, the methods named are less likely t o be injurious since they are indirect stimulants, actin g through we sens()ry nen·es of the skin and of the nos e respectively.-N.C. F.

A COMPETITOR'S PLAI:-IT.

S.P. (Worthing). - " How do the ph)" ical cau es of shoc1 · act?" This was a question given at a recent Rai\wa j Ambulance Competion. \Vhen the question waS give n to me and I had seen the ans\\·er requir d, I wondere d if it would have been more appropriate if it was give l to medical students rather than to first aid worker I shall look forward to haying- y()ur opinion of th i question and what an wer you would ha\ e gi\ en f rO il a first aider's point of "ie\\ In my \'ery humbl l opinion it i no honour for a doctor to Iloor " a tea m or an individual with te ts or questi o ns which ar e entirely beyond their scope 1 may add that out o f a possible 40 points the highest obtain d was 9 poin t-> and the competitors included a recent winning learn ill the" Dewar" Shield ompetition.

While I agree that, on your tatelllent of fact, It certainly looks as if someone has badly blund red, yet un t you submit the detailed ans\\·er, whi c h you ay ou ha H seen, I cannot pass any judgment.

Unfortunately, some judges rely on their memor il when preparing tests for c o mpetitions condu c ted 011 t.h manual of the Association, whereas those of u who reall s that" memories are fleeting" alw a ys write up the del ails 0 our tests with the Textbook laying open before us at th page which deals with the question or practical test und er preparation.

-

N. C. F.

PAD FOR FRACTURED CLAYI LE.

H. B. (Sheffield).-At a recent Divisional Practice a di scussion arose over the" pad in armpit" in treatmen t for Fracture of Collar-bone.

One member m:tintained that four inches w a " width of pad and that length did not matter so lon h as too much did not project behind or in front of th e body.

Other members argued that four inches was th e length and that the pad should be approximately tw o inches square, as four inches down side of trunk an d inside of Humerus would not allow pad to act as fulcrum , besides compressing the Brachial Artery.

Your valuable ruling on this point will be gratefull y appreciated.

The Erst suggestion is the correct one. In the treatment of Fractured Clavicle we make use of one of the thre e kinds of levers; and for this purpose the pad is the fulcrum the humerus is the lever and the shou ld er is the weight to be moved. The essential things, therefore, are the height of the fulcrum (2 incbes) and the bearing surface for the lever (4 inches).

Of course, the Textbook describes a pad s uit ab le for an

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average man, and expects you to modify it for a woman or a child. Practically, the pad should be of the same size as the patient's clenched fist, and three triangular bandages are required to form a pad "about t\\'o inches thick and four inches across" (Textbook, Rule 2, p. 67).-N.C.F.

CARBON DIOXIDE IN RESUS lTATION.

B.B. (Coventry).-\Vith regard to the use of Carbon Dioxide in resuscitation, I have been struck by the fact that a soda water syphon might be used. 1 have tested the following plan and found that it works.

The soda water syphon is inverted and the lever pressed. A small squirt of soda water comes out, followed by a stream of Carbon Dioxide. If the exit tube is held close to the face I think that a stream of the gas, in as high a concentration as that from a " Sparklet," used in the" open" method, will be available.

Do you think that this is a good idea, or only worthy of the waste-paper basket?

Carbon Dioxide is only e/fectiye as an aid to the resuscitation of an asphyxiated patient if it is administered in concentrated form. Consequently your suggestion, ingenious though it is, would avail nothing in such an emergency.N.C.F.

FRA CTURE OF SHOULDER.

L. D. (1 ewstead).-Anothcr of our unsolved problems was :When a fracture occurs at the tip of the what is the correct treatment?

(a) To apply bandages as in the case of a fractured clavicle, or

(b) To treat as "when the fracture is close to the shoulder" ?

Meanwhile we thank you for all your valuable assistance.

The term "shoulder" is too vague a term fl,r first aid purposes; and the dictionary tells me that it is " the part of the trunk between the neck and the free portion of the arm."

In other words, first aiders should decide in cases of all such injuries whether the fracture invol ves tile shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula) or the head of the humerus and treat accordingly.-N.C. F.

WOUND ANn CONCEALED BLEEDING.

J. R. (Birmingham).-Having been a reader ot FIRST AID for a number of years and derived much benefit from its coments, may ask for your advice on a problem which has cropped up between the competition men of the " A " Division of the Birmingham Police?

A man has a transverse wound of the abdomen (front wall) without protusion. He has also a complicated fracture of the right lower ribs causing injury to the kidney with concealed ha:morrhage (or, as the Textbook calls it- h Ge morrhage from an internal organ).

The Textbook tells us to give nothing by the mouth with the wound to the front wall, but with the internal h Ge lTIorrhage we are told to give sips of cold water if the patient can swallow. We are divided in opinion as to whether in the circumstances we ought to give the patient sips of cold water.

Your ruling on this point will be greatly appreciated.

Your patient is suffering from two grave injuries, neither of which from the first aid point of view can be regarded as less serious than the other and each of which

can easily be ag-gravated by meddlesome action. In the se circumstances I consider that it would be good first aid to with old the administration of sips of water and to rely on the other items laid down in the Textbook for the treatment \If hGemorrhage from an internal organ. - N. C. F.

HUMOUR I FIR T AID.

I. R. C. S. (Wellington, New Zealand}. - During a rec ent examination of Cadets these questions were asked and anc;wered by the junior member as follows :-

Examiner: " Place your hand over your heart."

Cadet (indicating precordial area): "Oh, th at's here, isn't it? "

Examiner: "That's right, onny. Now do )"lU know ""here your l,idneys are? "

Cadet (again indicating the correct sites) : ""\ s r."

Examiner: "\Vell done! No\\" do you know wh re your bowels are? "

Cadet: "No, I am 110/ cerlaln al Ilzis mOJllt "', because [mov e Ilz em Iw/cc a day.' "

Good! Next, please! !- N.C F.

RATE OF HEART BEAT.

N. B. (Cardiff).-On p. 6 of the Textbook we ar told 1 13 t the heart contracts at the average rate of 72 tiOlL a minute; and that its rate incr ease a the po iti or is changed" from the lying- to the itting and, still Oll ·C, to the standing position." Plea e tell u s for whicl of these three po ittons the rate of 72 times a minute hLlltis good.

For each of us there is an rate of heart bl'at. The rate of 72 times a minute is a sumed "on the la\.\' of averages" to be normal when we are resting quietly- lhat is, without mental or physical exertion - in the itl lng position. The rate usually drops a little wh en we Ii d \' 0 (68) and rises when we assume the erect po ition (7 N.C.F.

- The annual OPEN Ambulance 'om petit ion for a i Challenge Cup and valuable prizes will be held on aturd i June 26th, 1937. Entry forms and particulars on applica tion to Ambulance Officer James R. Saunders, 4, Indu st rial-st re et, Brighouse, Yorks.

ELLAND DE JONSTRATIO L1-

lance Competition for the "Dempster" Ambul a ce Shield will take place on Saturday, July 10th, 1937. F '5 t three prizes to the value of £10 ; if more than 20 entr ·es four prizes. Three special prizes will be awarded to ti le individual competitors gaining the highe s t number of rna ks outside the prize winning teams. Entries close July 7 h, 1937. Open to all teams, Association or Brigade. En tr y forms on application to H. Horsfall, 30, Eiland, Yorks. Cheap fares L.M.S. Rly. N.B. -EIl C1'l d Brigade will not com pete.

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1 elegraphic Address-" Twentv/our, London. Telep lzone - Ci ty 37 fO

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER

EDITO RIALF if ty Years of .'en"ice 30 5

( ol d e n Jubilee Celebration of the to J ohn Ambula n ce Brigade 306 rhe Co ronat io n Out y 3 1 1

Co min g Eve n ts 3 11

The t. Joh n Amb ul a n ce Bri gade - ome Nota bl e E vents n i ts Hi story 3 12

t. J o h n Am b u lance As oc iat i on 3 1 6

5 .J.A.B H ea dqu a rt e r s an d Di s tri ct R e p o r t 3 1 7

The Lady H o - pi ta ll e r s' lu b 319

- Ta tonal R oa d P asse n ge r Tr a n pu r t A mbul a n c e Assoc iat io n 3 1 9

P riory fo r W a l es 320

R ai l way Ambul a n ce 32 1 ur T ur ses P age s 32 -1-

S. J.A.B. O ve rsea 326

QU ERIES A ND A N S \v E RS T O CORRESPOND E N T S : -

Mem b e r s o f D e w a r Compet ition T ea m s 328

Exa minati o n Howler 328

A bd o min a l \Vound and Con c eal e d Bl ee din g 328

T r eat m e nt of Poi s oning- by Prussi c A c id 328

R es pon s ibili ty fo r Stre e t Acc id e nts .. . 32 8

Di ag n os s of A po pl ex y 3 28

Tr eatm e nt of Bl ee ding from Stom ac h 33 0

Co mpl ic at e d Fra c ture of Clavicl e 330

Humour in Fir s t Aid

33 0

Tre a tment of Poisoning 330

EDITORIAL.

LO N DO saw many functions FIFTY Y EA R S durin g the month of Ma y , but OF S E R\- I CE to us the most interesting were those which formed the celebrations of the St. John Ambulance Bri g ade Jubilee. Reception, afternoon part y at St. James ' s Palace, Competitions, Ro y al Re v iew , Royal Investiture, Air Raid Precautions Course , all had a place in the celebrations and each received its full quota of praise.

Never in the histor y of the Bri g ade has it received such publicit y as during the month o f M a y. On numerous occasions the excellent w ork done at the Corona t ion, when nearl y 10,0 00 cases were treated, w as given full credit in the press together with a short histor y of the Brigad e To-da y , the general public realise more than ever the great self-sacrifice of leisure and mone y which members freel y make to prepare themselves for any emergenc y and for the alleviation of pain and suffering.

Fifty years, each successive y ear witnessing an increase in activities, has proved the need for voluntary ambulance workers. At every street procession, sports meetings, at theatres , at camps, will be seen the now well - known and respected uniform of the St. John Am bulance Brigade. On the roads, in hospitals, and even in the air, service is carried out without thought of personal reward other than having saved injured persons hours of suffering and in hundreds of cases their lives_

Long ma y members of the Brigade be spared to carryon their voluntary work for the benefit of mankind.

Illustration shows the clear gangway for loading1;] the lower stretcher when only one case is being carried.

Golden Jubilee Celebrations of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

THE long awaited celebrations are now events of the past; but al though over they willI i ve for ever in the memory of those whose privilege it was to take part in the numerous functions.

The fact that the Jubilee was celebrated in Coronation Year added interest to the proceedings, and enabled many mem bers of the Brigade Overseas to participate.

Again T. M. the King and Queen, during their busy and important time, paid tribute to the work of the Brigade by taking part in the celebrations.

It has been a most interesting feature to discuss ambulance work with members from Overseas and the difficulties experienced in other countries. The miles some members travel to attend classes, the difficulty in obtaining funds, the distances whi::h are covered by the ambulances were but a few of the subjects touched upon. Others included two which have been much discussed in the columns of this Journal-Lay Lecturers and Mixed Classes.

Unfortunately, illness prevented the Earl of Scarbrough, the Sub-Prior, taking part in the celebrations. The Sub ·Prior has expressed his disappointment, and members of the Brigade AtHome and Overseas wish him a speedy recovery to health.

The numerous functions were all well attended; and the members from the British Empire will treasure their visit to St. John's Gate and their inspection of the historical buildings of the Order of St. John.

Praise must be given to the staff at the headquarters of the Brigade. They worked hard to make the functions successful and their endeavours received their just reward as each and every event went off smoothly and without hitch.

Every member of the Brigade Overseas received on their arrival an envelope containing invitations and programme of the numerous events, also a brochure which fully illustrated the work carried out by members of the Brigade all over the world. We congratulate those responsible for its production.

A short report of every function follows.

The celebrations commenced with a reception of Overseas members which took place in the panelled Chapter Hall at St. John's Gate on Friday, May 14th.

Some 400 persons were welcomed by the Earl of Shaftesbury (Director of Ceremonies), deputising for the

Earl of carbrough (Sub-Prior), and the Earl of Onslow (Almoner) All parts of the Empire were represented, inc1udinO" Australia, Canada, Ceylon, Hong Kong, India , Malta, N"ew Zealand, outh \frica, Rhode ia Uganda, Zanzibar and Sudan.

lany members of The Order were present, including Sir Percival vVilkinson ( ecretary-General), Lord Rockley , Sir John Hewett (Bailiff of EgI ), \-\ hil t the Brigade wa s represented by Sir John Duncan and Colonel J. L. leeman, Chief Commissioners Brigade At-Home and O\ er ea respectively, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief), olonel G. A. l\1oore, Colonel C. I. Ellis, Captain \V. Goodley, and others.

Colonel E. J. King, the Librarian, and Ir. Fincham conducted parties o\ er the historical buildin(Y of t. John 's Gate much to the plea ure of the vistitors.

GARDEN PARTY AT ST. J.\;\IE 's PAL" E.

It was unfortunate that the \\'eather on l\[ay 18th w as not of the best. This somewhat spoiled the garden part} gi"en by H. R.H. the Duke of 011 naught (Grand Prior 0 The Order) nevertheless it was an enthu iastic gath rin g, the uniforms of On'rseas member prominent again t the black and white of those At-Home

Owing to indisposition the Grand Prior wa not able t o be prpsent but he sent a message hi extrem L disappointment and much regretted his inabilit) to be presen to welcome the members.

Prince Arthur of Connaught deputised fM the Gran d Prior and he was accompanied by the Earl of r\thlone, Lad y Patricia Ramsey and members of The Order.

The band of the Grenadier Guards rendered music al items in the garden.

BRIGADE FIL:\lS.

Quite unexpectedly the Coronation film was included in the programme of special films shown at the R gal Cinem a l\larble Arch, on Wednesday, l\Iay 19th.

The three Brigade films dealing with Air Raid Precautions proved of great interest, whil t "Our Cavalcade, " being a summary of events in the history of the Brigade and of the numerous occasions on which mem bers had rendered valuable service to the public, was of histor'ical value and paid tribute to the pioneers of the movement.

The Sub-Prior, the Earl of Scarbrough, opened the film with a foreword, and many of the senior officers were shown on the screen.

This film is not yet completed as the Golden Jubilee functions are to be added, thus making a complete history of the Brigade for fifty years.

EMPIRE COMPETITIONS.

On Friday, May 21st, the first aid competitions ""ere held at the Hotel Great Central under the direction of Sir John Duncan and Colonel J. L. Sleeman, assisted by Captain A. N. Cahusac (Chief Secretary Ambulance Department and Staff Officer Brigade Overseas) and Major P. G. DarvilSmith (Brigade Secretary).

Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) was Chief Judge with Dr. W. C. Bentall (Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief) as the Assistant Chief Judge.

The judges in the Ambulance tests were ;-Team; Capt.

The Royal Review.

I1.:\1. The Queen received by the Earl of Shaftesbury. Sir John Duncan and Colonel J. L. Sleeman inspect-

H. R. H. The Duke of Kent, at St. Paul's Cathedral Service.

Canada (Winnipeg) team at work in the competitions.

ing their respecti\ e units.

Sir John Duncan presenting the Colours to: District upt. Anderson (Secretary, Commander), of South Africa) ,

A. C. \Vhite Knox, i\1.c., LB. (Asst. Commissioner No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District), assis.ted by F .. Bevan, B., B.S., County Surgeon No.2 District. Indl\'ldual Practical: Bearer No.1 T. J. Nicholl, F.R.C.S , Corps Surgeon No.8 (Duke of Connaught's) District Bearer No.2 G. H combe, .1.B., Ch.B., County Surgeon No. 4 Dlstnct

Bearer No.3 Lt.-Col. \\T. Archibald, LB., Ch.B., D.P.H., Coucty Surg-eon No. 3 (Eastern) District Bearer No.4 (leader) W.O.F. Sinclair, i\1.B., B.S., D.P.H., County No.3 (\\ estern) District

The work of the Nurses was Judged by :-Team Test: Ella Webb, 1. B. E., 1. D., District Surgeon, Irish Free State District, assisted by J. M. Russell, M B., Ch B., Corps urgeon No.6 District. Individual Practical: Sister No.1, l\lajor \V. H. F. Tobie, L. 1.S S.A., Asst. Commissioner No.8 (Duke of Connaught's) District; Sister No.2, .W'. N. Booth, LB., B.S., Divisional Surgeon No. 10 Dlstnct; Sister o. 3, F. H. Edwards, l\1.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S., County Surgeon No. 7 District; Sister No. 4 (leader), Lt. -Col. J. P. S. \\'ard, T. D., ;\1. R. C. S., County Surgeon No.9 District.

The Competition Secretary was 1\1r. H. A. J: worth (Asst. Brigade Secretary) and as usual hIS orgamsa· tion was of the highest standard.

Throughout the day there was a large gathering pre enl lo follow t he \\'ork of the competitors. We were greatly struck by the manner in which memb.ers from ca rried OLI! their work and by the effiCiency of theIr treatment.

The staging was, to some of the competitors, which they had never encountered before and many pralsed the realistic scenes so admirably staged thanks to Mr. John 1axwell Chairman of British International Pictures Ltd., and John laxwell. Thanks are also due to Clarence Elder and i\lr. Joe Grossman, of the Elstree StudiOS, for the personal supervision in the making and erection of the set pieces.

On our travels around the vanous rooms we dIscussed competitio ns with the \'isitors, who discribed how. tests in their country differed from those at home. Instan.ce, railway competitions are held on. the actual whilst it is not uncommon for competItors to be taken 1I1to the Australian Bush and told to make a stretcher by chopping dmvn trees coverino- with bracken, etc. One must remember the differences;:"> in environment of those residing in countries abroad and of this country to realise that first may be hundreds of miles from the nearest hospital.

The tests, as already stated, were excellently staged, and the Men's Team Test represented a house in proce!'s of erection with a carpenter busy sawing wood on the first platform. The man was talking to another was carrying a hod of bricks up a ladder holdlOg.1O hiS hand a large sharp chisel. On the of the n;ld-day whistle the man on the ladder turned qUickly, dropplOg the chisel and the bricks on the poor unfortunate carpenter below. On examination it was found that he was suffering from wound of head with capillary hremorrhage, amputation of fiuger wilh arterial h;:emorrhage, simple of fibula (four inches above ankle) and concussion of bralO. Most teams quickly found the injuries but some were at a loss as to how to remove the patient from the platform.

The Individual Practical Test for the men was that of a man who had fallen heavily to the ground from some steps and had sustained fractures of tibiGC

The Nurses' Team Test represented a counlry scene with a family camping in a field. The hushand proceeded to light a primus stove and having done so towards .his car. Suddenly an explosion occurred and the wife on rushlOg out of the tent tripped and fell between the tent ropes and a box. The daughter following tumbled headlong across her mother's legs onto her outstretched hands, striking her head on a brick. The daughter, on examination, was found to be totally unconscious as a result of a bruised forehead and

A I D.

concussion, and suffering from a simple fracture right clavicle and lacerated wound of palm of right hand. The mot her and father were both uninjured but the latter proyed a very excitable person.

The Individual Practical Test had a similar setting as the men's but in thi.;; instance the man had sustained a fracture of the pelvis with shock

During the afternoon H. R. H. Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, V.A., who was accompanied by the Earl of Athlone, was received by Earl of Shaftesbury, deputising for the ub-Prior, Sir Percival Wilkinson, Sir John Duncan, Colonel J. L. Sleeman, Lady Perrott, and Irs. Lancelot Dent.

Her Royal Highness inspected a Guard of Honour formed by members of No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, under the command of Asst. Commissioner Dr. Rees, and then accepted a bouquet of Oowers presented by Lady Corps Superintendent Miss I. L. Anderson on behalf of the Soulh African Nursing Contingent.

After having witnessed teams at work, Princess Alice proceeded to the \Vinter Gardens for the announcements of the results.

The Earl of Shaftesbury gave a warm welcome to Her Royal Highness and expressed, on behalf of all present, hi s grateful thanks fllr her presence at such a busy lime.

He r-eferred to the ill-health of lhe Earl of carbrough and the Sub-Prior's disappointment that he was pr vente>d taking part in the Jubilee Celebration.

Referring to the work of the competitors Lord bury stated that the judges \.vere of the opinion that it wa s well up to standard.

Sir Percival vVilkinson announced the results, which were as follows :-

AMBULANCE.

1 England (Wolverton) ...

2 South Africa ( o. 1)

J Australia (West Australia)

-+ England (Hereford)

5 S:;uth Africa (No.2) ...

6 lrish Free tate (Duhlin)

7 Canada

8 Canada (No.2)

"Sir John Duncun" up - England (vVolverton).

"Col. J. L. Sleeman" Cup-South Africa (No.1).

" Earl of Scarbroug-h " Cup (highest individual) - Corpl. Nicholl, Bearer No.1 England (Wolverton). NURSING.

Marks

England (Herne Bay)

2 South Atrica (No.2)

J South Africa (No.1)

-+ England (Hul1)

5 Canada (Vancouver)

6 Hong Kong ...

7 New Zealand (Wellington)

8 Canada (Winnipeg)

\) New Zealand (Auckland)

" Lady Perrott" Cup-England (Herne Bay).

" Mrs. Lancelot Dent" Cup-South Africa (No.2).

" Earl of Scarbrough" Cup (highest Amb. Officer Miss Flockhart, Sisler No.1, South Afnca (No . 1).

Once again teams from South Africa headed the O\'erseas contingents. It may be remembered by some that on the occasion of the competitions in connection with Centenary Celebrations of the Order of St. John, ill 1931, teams from South Africa gained the highest number of marks of Brigade Overseas teams.

Princess Alice presented the trophies and commemorative medallions to all members of the teams, including the

r , thoe of the winnin!{ team being in gold, whilst the J'u 1l1ers-ur were in ilver, and the re t bronze.

Commemorative medallions were also presented to the i t1ge s and to th Competition Secretary.

Her Royal IIig-hne5 aid it was a g-reat pleasure to be .t ,;oc iated wilh the \l,!ork of t. John and it was great joy to :ler to have had the opportunity of presentinl{ the prizes. It wa an added interest that the Golden Jubilee had fallen Jur ing Coronation year.

The Earl f .'haftesbury announced that the ;\layor of St. lebone, who had been an interested visitor, had been gre atly truck by the work of the nurses from Hong ,lll d he propo ed to present them with a peGial cup. Lady r u ncan al 0 expre sed her intention of presentinr- a cup to the \Vest Australia team.

TilE RE\'IE\\'.

On aturday, l\lay 22nd, in Hyde Park, for the first ti me in history a Queen of England holding an appointment in the Brigade carried out a Review of mem bers.

Over 5,000 were on parade, repre enting every county Ir Eng land as well as vVales, I reland and all parts of the Br it ish Empire.

Prior to Her Majesty's arrival Sir J ohl1 Duncan and

H. R. H. Princess Alice, Duchess of Athlone, arriving at the Competitions to present the awards.

':01. J. L. leeman inspected their respective units and expressed their pleasure at the smart parade.

Lord Shaftesbury, deputising for the Sub-Prior, received Her Majesty, who is Commandant-in-Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions, and conducted her to a specially prepared dias, when the Royal Salute was given. Whilst the parade was preparing for the march past the following were presented to Her Majesty: Dr. "t\. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief; Commissioner S. W. l\Ialkin, No.5 District Captain W. Goodley, Commissioner No.1 District; the Hon. John H. Bruce, Commissioner for vVales Lady Perrott, Lady uperintendent-in-Chief At-Home; 1\1rs. T\\'eedale, Lady District Superintendent No. 4 District; Irs. Falwasser, Lady District Superintendent No. 8 District; 1iss Walker, Lady District Superintendent "t\o. 1 District; Robinia, Viscountess l\lountg-arret, Lady District Officer No. 1 District; District Superintendent A. J. Wilkinson. Australia; Lady Corps Superintendent Miss E. Hudson, Canada; Cadet Surgeon Dr. Dubash, Bombay; and District Officer A. ]. Inglis, South Africa. Her 1ajesty spoke to Dr. Corbet Fletcher on the increasing work of the Brig-ade, especially during the Coronation and its celebrations. The Surgeon-in-Chief replied that the Brigade and its surgeons were proud to do

Earl of Shaftesbury welcoming members of Brigade Overseas at the Reception.

their duty, whereupon Her t'.lajesty remark d " At least you have the satisfaction of knowing lhat your efforts are g r eatly appreciated."

O\ erseas Contingents headed by the No. Dlstnct Band led the march past, No. 2 District Band heading the Nursing Battalions At-Home with No.5 District Band also in attendance. For the first time a Company of Surgeons, led by the Surgeon-in-Chief, took part in a march past.

In the special enclosures members of The Order and relatives of mem.bers on parade witnessed the proceedings whilst thousands of the general public thronged the surrounding parts of the parade ground, pathways, etc. and heartedly applauded the contingents as they impressi\'ely marched past the Queen.

After the Revie\v Sir John Duncan received the following telegram from Her Majesty :-

"Please convey to all ranks of the St. John Ambulance Brigade my appreciation of their smartness on parade this afternoon. It was most gratifying to me to see the Overseas Contingents so well represented and as Commandantin-Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions of the I was particularly pleased to see so many nurses taklOg part in the Review. I would also ask you to convey to all the members who were on duty my admiration of their splendid services on Coronation Day.-Elizabeth R."

CHURCH PARADE

The Duke of Kent, who is Prior for \Vales, attended the Service held in St. Paul's Cathedral on Sunday, May 23rd.

Led by the Chief Commissioners of Brigade At-Home and Overseas over 2,000 members marched to the Cathedral, the procession being headed by Overseas Units.

The Duke of Kent was received by the Earl of Shaftesbury and by the Chapter of the Cathedral.

A representative Chapter General of The Order weanng their robes formed a procession behind tl]e Choir and proceeded to their places in the Chancel of the Cathedral.

The Rev. S. A. Alexander, M. A., Canon in Residence, gave the address and referred to the work of the Brigade as being the admiration of the whole world.

Earlier in the day members of the Brigade Overseas placed wreaths on the Cenotaph in remembrance of those who lost their lives in the Great War.

THE INVESTITURE.

One hundred and twenty-nine honours were invested by H.M. King George VI, Sovereign Head of The Order, at an investiture held at Buckingham Palace on Tuesday, lay 25th

Wearing the scarlet uniform of a field-marshal with the ribbon of The Order of St. John across his chest, the King first decorated the Duchess of Gloucester and the Duchess of Kent with the insignia of Dame Grand Cross.

The Hon. John H. Bruce (Principal SE'cretary and Commissioner for Wales), the Viscount Craigavon, M. P. (Prime Minister, Northern Ireland), N. Corbet Fletcher, :\1. B., LR.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Surgeon-in-Chiet), Capt. W. Goodley, 1.e. (Commissioner o. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) District), Allan Travers Lewis, K. C. (Hon. Solicitor, Commandery in Canada), James Ernest Macpherson Commandery in Canada), John 1axwell (Chairman, Associated British Picture Corporation, Ltd.), and Frederick Keenan Morrow (Commandery in Canada) were invested with the insignia of Knights, whilst the Hon. Malik Sir Firozkhan Noon, K. C. 1. E. (High Commissioner for India) received the insignia of Associate Knight.

The insignia of Dame was invested on Mrs C. M. Dalziel Williams (Lady District Supt. Cape Province District).

ine Commanders Associate Commanders (Sisters) twenty Officers

(Brothers) were invested, two (Brothers), four Commanders (Brothers), six Officers (Sisters),

A I D.

fifty-eight Serving Brothers, one Associate Servi n g Brother, fifteen Se r ving Sisters and one e r vice Medal.

VlSTT TO PALACE OF WESTMINSTER.

On Friday, May 28th, members trom Overseas we re entertained to tea in the Royal Gallery of the House of Lords by members of the Order who are mem bers of th e House of Lords or the House of Commons.

The guests were received by Lord Onslow.

A. R. P. COURSE.

On Saturday and Sunday, May 29th-30th, an A. R. P Course for Overseas members was held at the Great Central Hotel.

At the commencement of the Course ir John Dunc an, Chief Commissioner At-Home, presented Brigade Colours '0 the Transvaal District as a personal gift, with the hope th It the members would guard and respect them in the same W hy in which they and respect their honour.

District Supt. A. 1. Anderson ( 'ecretary, Command l r of South Africa) accepted the gift and said it was a gr c It honour to do so. The colour would be retained anu cherished by all members in the Transvaal Di trict.

Sir John Duncan also handed to the Captain of the \\ \ Australia competition team the cup kindly presented by L a y Duncan.

The course of in truction, over which Dr. \V Bentall, O. B. E., (A. R P. Staff Officer) presided, commen ced with an introducticn by \Ving ommander Hod 011 (Un 1 r Secretary of State for Air Raid Precautions), followed b) an inspection of Mobile Gas Van. The lectures then commenced on similar lines to tho e reported or. previ ous occasions.

Dr. Bentall had as his fellow lecturers I r. E. \". Jackson, F.C.S., A.M.LE.E., Dr. John Fenton, :'.1r. W J. Noble, Mr. C. E. Bower and 1\1r. J. B. Trolter, 11 members of the Brig-ade At-Home.

At the close of the first day's lecture 01. Sleeman introduced the Mayor of t. t'.larylebont, who pre ented to the Hong Kong nursing team a ilver cup as a memento of tire competitions. Miss Fok thanked the :'Ifayor for his kindn c Col. Sleeman, on behalf of t'.1r . l\1ax\\' 11, pre ente d a cup to South Africa No. 1 nur ing team. liss ;\[a son, leader of the team, accepted the trophy and returned tha nl"

Once acrain 1r. Joe Grossman (of As ociated Br iti h Picture Cor;oration Ltd.) presented a complimentary \,ar ty performance on the Saturday evening. During the inte n"al Sir Percival Wilkinson addressed the gathering. T l is course, he said, v. as the last of the Golden Jubilee Cele hf'ltions, and he wislled all members" God speed and a h ar")" voyage home" and hoped they would carry back with th l'Ol pictures of a happy time spent in Enghnd.

Sunday was spent in studying treatment of skin etc., and also respirator drill.

0'1 completion of the course Dr. Bentall thanked hiS lecturers, whilst Col. Sleeman, on behalf of Brigade Over eas, thanked Dr. Bentall and his staff for their excellent lectur es He also wished to thank the staff of St. John's Gate, inclu ding Major Darvil-Smith and Mr. vVrigglesworth of Brig ade At-Home, Capt. Cahusac and Mr. Quilter, of Overseas St aff, and District Officer W. G . Pape, who had handled t ie publicitv side of the event.

Mrs. Dent seconded the vote of thanks and referred to the self-sacrifice of the lecturers.

OTHER EVENTS.

On May 24th representatives from all parts of t he Empire took part in a Re-Union Dinner and Dance held at the Wharncliffe Rooms. The guests were received by Mrs Lancelot Dent, supported by Co l. J L. Sleeman and othe n Mrs. Battye (Staff Officer to Mrs. Dent) was r espons ible for the organisat on of the function Col. proposed "The Ambulance D iv isions Brigade Overseas

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lI e cll uld not speak too highly of the magnificent work they had do ne. vVherever one went in our Empire Overseas one f(l und members of the Brigade carrying out that nob le worL with the same high spirit of service.

Irs. Dent also addressed the gathering, giving welcome to th . Overseas nurses . She referred to the great assistance recLi\e d from Capt. Cahusac and 1r. Quilter, and paid a well -deserved tribute to Irs. Battye.

I rs. Henderson (Canada), who brought over the first V.A D. 's from Canada durinR the Great War, said that the men,be rs wished to gi\ e t'.l rs. Dent some tangible appreciali on of their esteem and affection . r\ member frOIll each of th e Do minions grouped themselves behind Irs. DenL's chair a nd in this setting 1\lrs. Henderson presented her with a beat t ifully eng-raved sil\"C'r salver, around which was in scr ibe d the words: " outh Africa, Australia, Canada, In d 'l, ew Zealand, :\lalta, Hong Kon!;, Rhodesia." Mrs Den a lso received a beautiful bouquet of red, while and blue Ilo\\crs

;\ [rs Dent thanked the members for their which she grC'at l) appreciated.

l )n \londay, \fay 31st, photographs of Brigade Oversea me mbers \\ ere taken in the Chapter Hall at St John's Ga ".

Co l. Sleeman l'xpre sed thanks to 'Ir Percival \VilkinCa pt. Cahusac and :'II r. Quilter for all they had done to makC' t he visil ot the members a memorable one.

Di. tri e t upt. A. ;\1. Anderson ( outh Africa Com111cl0l1l r ,\) Col. Iceman to accept from m mbers of the Bri. )\Lrulo.; a litt1l: token as an C'xpression of the loyalty the\ h,l d for him HIlLl ThL Order.

• Co l. lCt:m tll, who was taken by '>urpris0, said it was a p lea'>ure to him to ace pt tbe gift (gold studs and cuff linl). He woulLl trea , ure them at all times in memory of the wo rk done by all under the !lag of t. John.

T h e Co r on ation Du ty .

Tm duty CI Lr undertaken by I"oluntary first aiders \\a tha L o n Coron.tLion Day, ",hen some 7,000 members St Jo hn \.Illbulance were on dut).

In a ddition to the Brigade personnel, 700 men and \\'01 11 of the British Red Cros ociety and 20 members of t1 L .\ndrc\\'" Ambulance Association al 0 did duty The \1 hole of till! route was divided into nine sectors call co ntaining aid posts and dressing stations, together \\ It 1 ce r t ain ambulances.

Ca pt. \\'. GoodIe;, ., Commis ioner No.1 (Prince \ 'a les 's) Distri c l, S J \.. B., was in charge, and he and hiS sta ff are to be congratulated on their excellent arrangemcnts 0 that thcre should be no misunderstandin cr on I t lc pa rl of any member a twenty-four page booklet, compl r>e with scale map, was i sued to every officer beforehand. T his g a\'e particulars of general arrangements, dress, treatt o f patients, transpnrt and store together with detailed li st of sites of statiol1s, onicel-s in charge, surgeon::;, ambulan, es available and the number of personnel to be on duty.

E very sector was in the charge of a Commissioner or Assls a nL Commissioner wiLh a Senior Surgeon and Senior Ofilce rs in attendance.

early 10,000 cases were reported of which 2-+8 were sen') us whilst 162 were transported to hospital. The weaLher was responsible for the smallness of the of cases treated the majority of which ,,,ere of a mll10 r c haracter due to the long wait; had it been hot and oppress ive the casualy list would have been much larger. E\'cn so all eventualities were covered and the personnel wou ld have been ready and able to deal with all and sundry.

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For this duty representatives from all parts of the British Isles, including Ire land, Scotland and \Vales and the Channel Islands, were present and allotted certain portions of the route praise was given by the Authorities for the excellent manner in which the duty was carried out and for the voluntary service rendered to the general public.

Coming Events .

The Editor will be pleased to recei"e particulars ot forthcoming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

JUNE.

20.-Li\ erpool Corps .J.A.B., Church Parade, St. Luke's Church.

2S.-London, Midland and Scottish Railway International Competition, Glasgow.

26.-Brighouse Hospitals' Committee Ambulance Competitions

27.-Surrey and Sussex S.J .A. B. County Inspection, Brighton.

27.-Ea tern Area, No.1 District, S.J.A. 8., Church Parade, Woolwich.

27. - Presentation of Colours and Tnspection of Kent B. R. C. S by H. R. H. The Princess Royal, Canterbury. JULY.

-t.-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association "Stirk" Trophy Final Competition, -t.-Kent County S.J.A. B. Inspection, Dover.

10.-Elland Demonstration and Gala Ambulance Competitions.

i8.-Combined Inspection of Torth \Vales Counties at Chirk Castle, by permission of Lord and Lady Howard de \Valden.

21.-Cardiff and District Road Transport Ambulance COllllJetition, ewport, 7\lon.

23. - Ambulance Competitions, Royal \Velsh Show, mouth.

2-t. - No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, S.J.A. 8., Flag Day.

2-t. - Caernarvonshire Centre Competitions at Penrhyn Castle. by invitation of the Centre President, Lo-rd Penrhyn.

2S-Aug. S.-Surrey Branch, B. R. C. S., Men's Camp.

31-Aug. 7.-S.J.A. B. Tursing Personnel Annual Camp, Rossall School, Blackpool.

AUGUST.

2.-Ambulance Competitions, Royal National Eisteddfod, 1\Iachynlleth.

7.-" St. John Ambulance" Day in Cardiff

The Table II of War Gases which appear ed in our August, 1935 issue , can be had in p age form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post fre e . Application s should be sent, tog ether w ith remittance, to "First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade.

SOME NOTABLE EVENTS IN ITS HISTORY.

(Continued from page=280.)

I?\' 1909 No. 1 District was honoured with the designation of Prince of ,,,rales's Corps with the privilege of wearing the plume of feathers as a collar badge in recognition of the work done by the Brigade generally and by No. 1 District in particular during the previous 21 years.

On the occasion of King Edward's funeral and the Coronation of K.ing George V and Queen l\1ary the Brigade again undertook duty and recei ved Royal recogn ition.

In January 1911 Inspector-General B. Ninnis resignect the post of Chief Commissioner and was succeeded by Colonel Sir James Andrew Clark, Bart., C.B., C.M.G., who had done service as Second-in-Command of the Brigade; and on February 21st Lady Perrott, R.R.C., was appointed Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions and Lady Commandant-inChief of 'Vomen's V.A Companies. lVIajorGeneral James C. Dalton, R.A., was appointed Commissioner of Brigade Overseas, which title was altered to Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas in 1912.

On July 22nd, 1911, the first Royal Inspection of any District was held; H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, inspecting 1,136 mem bers of the Prince of Wales' s Corps, No.1 District. Also on parade were representati ves of Brigade Overseas.

During 1911 training in Hospital Nursing for members of Nursing Divisions was instituted bv Lady Perrott. -

On June 22nd, 1912, and as the direct result of the Royal Inspection of the previous year, a Royal Command Review of the Brigade was held in \Vindsor Great Park where 15,000 members paraded before T. M. King George and Queen Mary.

After being established 25 years the Brigade at Home had a strength' of 18,679 men and 4,644women, whilst the Brigade Overseas numbered 2,444 men and 1,026 women.

Mrs. J. C. Dalton was appointed first Lady Superintendent-in-Chief Brigade Overseas in 1912; and during 191 oS a conference of 200 officers of Nursing Divisions Brigade at Home and V.A.D.'s, was held at St. John's Gate, Lad y Perrott presiding.

On the outbreak of the European War th e Brigade Reserves of the R.N B.R. an d l\1.H.H.R. were called up, whilst the eigh t Bearer Companies Reserve of the Brigade offere d their service. Space will not permit full detail s bei ng given of the great sen'ice rendered by th e Brigade during the \Var. It must suffice to record that by December 31st, 1915, apart from thos e who joined the services direct, the Brigade ha d supplied the Naval Authorities wieh 3,412 men , the .i\Iilitary Authorities with 15,995 and in oth Lr directions 651 qualified and di ciplined ambulan ce men. 1\Iany were the honours and a\\ards gain ed by mem bers i ncl ud i ng n u merou foreign clecor,,tions. Duties were al 0 undertaken hy those at home during Air Raids and valuable s rvice II the transport of sick and wounded soldiers \\ ac;; rendered. The St. John Ambulance Briga de Hospital was opened at Etaples and contained 5 2C beds, its upkeep being met by subscriptions fran members and friends of The Oruer, anu its ta ff being recruited from Brigade personnel. Th then Chief Commissioner, 01. ir Jam s A. lark , was first in command of the IIospital and \\' a succeeded by Lt.-Col C J. Trimble, omlllissione r No.4 District, after the first year of its establi.shment until the end of the \Var. Throughout th L whole period it was staffed by members of th EBrigade. Col. Si r J. A. Clark and 01. C. J Trim ble were created C.1\1. G. and C. B. for thei r services at the H ospi tal.

On October 14th, 1915, Dr. L. 1\1. Frank Christian Jied. He was for some years (1910until his death) honorary medical correspondent to FIRST AID; and he was succeeded in this respect by Dr. Corbet Fletcher, who did not join the Brigade until the following year.

During the Sinn Fein Rising in Dublin, in 1916, the efficiency of the then No. 12 District of the Brigade was fully tested over a period of 24 days.

On July 1st, 1916, Stuart \Vardell died. He organised the first Royal Review in 1893, and was Deputy Commissioner of No.5 District for 21 years.

Jan uary 1st, 1918, saw Dr. James Cantlie created Knight Commander of the British Empire. On November 7th of the same year Col. C. W. Bowdler, C.B., L.S.A., died. He was the first Deputy Commissioner of the Brigade and subse-

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quent ly Commissioner for Special Services, 1neluding Brigade Reserves and organisation of Brigade Overseas.

Duri ng the \Var period 4,512 mem bers served \\ ith the Navy, 17,474 with the Army, 4,964 with t h e V.A.D.'s through the Brigade, 1,077 members losing their lives. About 500 honours and decon tions were awarded to members including those fr om foreign governments.

At the cessation of hostil ities the Brigade \ hich bad increased its membership from 29,560 i ] 1914 to approximately over 65,000 in 19l 9, se ttled down to its peace-time labours; and the r rst pu bl ic d u t\ of note was the Victory on Ju I y 19th whcn 1,200 mem bers of No. 1 District I ned the route and did duty in the Royal Parks. members were on duty for 30 hours, while L1v er 8,000 casualties were treated.

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its own Standard. Also in June and July, 1921, 180 members of No. 12 District did duty and rendered valuable assistance in the Irish Rebellion.

Lady Perrott, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, presented the "Perrott" Shield for annual competition among Nursing Divisions, the first such contest taking place in 1922.

In 1922, Colonel G. A. Moore was appointed Deputy CI1 ief Com missioner, and the first B. O. regarding Cadet Divisions was issued by the Chief Commissioner. At the end of the year, the Brigade at Home numbered 30,238 excluding 5,492 of \Vales.

The death of Dr. Heaton Clark Howard, one of the earliest surgeons of the Brigade and cofou nder of FIRST AID, occu rred in :\larch, 1923, and of Dr. J. :\1. Carvell, originator of the St. J oh n Arm Sling, in April of the same year.

On CI tember 2-1-th ir John Furley died and 1 great pioneer wa lost to the am bulance movement.

:\Iajor- General r R. Havelock Charles, Bart, was appointed Chief Commis ioner Brigade O verseas, in Jan uary 1920 and the first Railway District, ' outh Eastern and Chatham Railway, was formed in February of the same year with E rnest A. Richards as the Com missioner.

As was expected the mem bersh ip of the Brigade showed signs of decreasing and at the end o f 1920 the strength was given as 41,337 in Engand and Ireland, with 5,000 in \Vales. The titles " N ursi n g Officer" and "N ursing Sister" were r eplaced by "Lady Am bu lance Officer" and " Am bulance Sister."

The year 1921, saw Mrs. Lancelot Den t appointed Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Brigade Overseas In the same year, No. 12 (Irish) District, were the first to carry the Brigade Standard, being followed in 1924, by No. 4 (Lancashire) District , and in 1929 by Central Area (N o. 1 District) which was the first Area or County to possess

In December, 1923, Col. Sir James R. A. Clark resigned his position as Chief Commissioner and was succeeded by Sir Percival \Vilkinson, Secretary General of the Order, as Acting Chief Commissioner.

The British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, in 1924, demonstrated once more the heights to which the voluntary services of the Brigade could rise. Over 90 hours of duty was covered each day by 80 to 100 members drawn from all parts of the Country, but mostly from the No.1 District. At the 1925 Exhibition si m ilar du ties were undertaken.

During the General Strike of 1926, members of the Brigade throughout the Country did duty; a detachment was under canvas in Hyde Park, under the command of Asst. Commissioner Dr. MacFadden, assisted by District Officer T. McBride. A further camp was stationed in Regents Park under Asst. Commissioner Dr. Corbet Fletcher, assisted by Corps Supt. A. F. Hall.

On May 28th, 1926, Sir James Cantlie died.

F. P. \\ 11",111, :,\, rLh Riding of York hire. lIerlwrt j. Vick, ::\orth, East and Devon. Hedley V. 0liller, Plymouth, S. \\'. De\ol1 and 'orn\\ull. :'Ilajor]. Orton, [\0.3 \\'. Dislrict.

To him more than to any other doctor was due the creation of first aid as a science.

At the Brigade Finals Competition in 1926, the "Corhet Fletcher" trophy was awarded as second prize in the Nursing Competitions. This trophy was presented to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher by readers of FIRST AID "in appreciation of services to the Jouma! and the Ambulance l\Iovement, 1908-1926." In the same year, Col. C. J. Trimble was presented, by the members of the No. -+ District, with a handsome Shield to commemorate his .31 years as Commissioner; and this trophy was accepted in the following year as a special prize for the team gaining highest marks in the individual tests in the" Dewar" Shield Competition.

Exhibition where 10 men per day were on dut y from May 14th to October and treated of,5 29 cases.

The returns for 1929 showed that 454,6 26 cases received atten tion, whilst 212 am bulanc es operated by the Brigade removed 46,571 patien b covering 526,814 miles.

H.R.H. The Duchess of York, now Quee n Elizabeth, presented the awards at the ""Pin al Competitions for the first time as Commandant-il1Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions. Colours, joint gift of Acting Commission er Major A. Hammersley Johnston and the Distri ct Secretary, were ded icated and presen t d to the N o. 6 District on June .30th, 1929.

A manual ror cadets, '" Juvenile f\lanual "w as issued this year and proved of gr at interest and

During 1930 the Brigade lost through d eath two energetic officers - Coun ty om m issio I1cr Major A. R. F. Exham, f\l.D. ( I\'o. 7 Dlstri ctl and Asst. Commissioner J. R. l\lacFadd en O.B.E., M.D. (No.1 (Prince of \Vales's) Distric t who had been actively connected with the Bri gad since 1903

Road accident service had now becom e a main feature of the Brigade's work and, in 1930, 550 first aid posts were established throughout t he country during the summer months.

No. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) District obtai n ed new permanent headquarters. This Distr ict suffered a severe blow by the death of l\liss Edi th Bourke an original member of the Brigade.

Among the numerous dutie!:> undertaken by the Brigade duri ng 1930 was that of the lyin g -i nstate and the funeral of the airship R10l victlIll S

During 19.31 l\Iajor-General ' ir Perci val \Vilkinson resigned his appointment as Acti nh Chief Commissioner, to which he was appoint ed in January, 1924; and he was succeeded by General Sir John Duncan, K. C. B., .:\1. G., C.V.O., D.S.O.

H. J. Wrig g lesworth, Assistant Brigade Secretary.

In se t. - I a n Fraser, Northern Ireland District.

During February and March, 1927, the first Broadcast Talks on first aid were arranged by Sir John Lumsden, Commissioner No. 12 District and were radiated from Dublin.

In April, 19 28, H. R. H. the Duchess of York accepted the appointment as Commandant-in-Chief of the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade at Home and Overseas. It is worthy of note that Her Royal Highness on her accession as Queen intimated her desire to continue to hold this rank and appointed H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester as her deputy.

During 1929 duties were undertaken at numerous important events including the Schneider trophy contest, the funeral of General Bramwell Booth, and the North East Coast

The death of ir \Villiam Bennett, K \ ' .0 ., Surgeon in-Chief, occurred during 19.31 ; Colon el C. 1. Ellis, C.M.G., T.D., M.D., being appoint ed to take his place. Mr. W. Harvey Reeves (Co mmissioner, No .3 E District) and l\Iajor A. Hammersley Johnston (Acting Commissioner, No. 6 District) also died during 19.31.

On the occasion of the Bentley Colliery Liisast er on November 20th, 19.31, yeoman service w as given by Divisions of the Brigade in the vicinity i and also at the funeral of the victims, when over .300 cases were attended.

During 1931 the Order of St. John celebrated its centenary, which included many events a t which members of the Brigade and Overseas took part. H. R. H. Prince Arthur of Connaught carried out an inspection in Hyde Par k when 4,041 members were on parade.

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Once again No.1 District lost through death t\\o oriO'inal members of the Brigade, Miss Blye Bo urkeband Dr. Henry Bird.

By the end of 1932 the strength of the Brigade At -Home, including Wales, had risen to 44,92.3 me n, 1.3,167 nurses, and 9,097 cadets.

In January, 19.32, Col. C. J. Trimble was pla ced on the hid Com issioner's Staff as Ins pecting Officer after haVIng served as Commis sioner No. + District since 1895. Mr. \lV. G. Sm ith was his successor.

In i\larch, 19.32, a scheme was undertaken to tra i n the person nel of No 1 (Pri nce of Wales's) I is trict in air raid precaution, and two classes of i. s truction were held and attended by 33 officers a'ld 7 senior .C.O.'s. An advanced course was hd d at the dlisbury Plain Anti-Gas chool during JLIn e at wh ich 10 officers attended. These mem-

AID. .315

Nursing personnel, one at Herne Bay and the other at Rossa!l School. Cam p duty by the nurses had now become an established part of the work and many cam ps had the attendance of trai ned person nel.

Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks, M.D., resigned his position as Commissioner No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District in June, 193.3, being succeeded by Capt. W. Goodley, M.C.

Amongthe important duties unjertaken during 1934 was the opening of the Mersey Tunnel by T. M. King George V and Queen Mary on July 18th. During the day 1,175 cases were treated.

The total number of cases attended by Brigade members exceeded half a million, the actual number bei ng 5 2.37

The first Air Division of the Bngade was

be rs in turn acted as lecturers and instructors to th e person nel and by the end of 193.2 fourteen ( asse s had been completed.

saw Dr. . Corbet Fletcher (Asst. Co mmissioner, No.1 District) appointed to Asst. "u r g eon- in-Ch leE.

At the Dartmoor Prison mutiny members of t'le Plymouth and District Ambulance Service r excellent service to the prison authorities in attending the injured.

During 19.3.3 membership of the Brigade incre ased by 2,481 men, 999 women, and 1,449 ca dets, whilst the number of cases dealt with was 47 1,731, an increase of 10,000 over the previous ) ear. Road Service also showed great increase; an d at the end of 19.33 there were 196 perman en t roa dside first aid huts.

Progress was made in training the personnel .)f No.1 District in A. R. P. work. 193.3 saw the institution of two camps for the

founded at Ipswich, in June 192-+, and is known as Air Duty Division No. 1.

Two camps were again held this year for Nursing Personnel at which some 110 members attended.

1935 saw the largest duty yet undertaken by the Brigade. At the Jubilee of King George V. and Queen l\Iary 3,387 members of No.1 (PrirJce of Wales's) District and 59.3 of the No.1 (Duke of ConnauO'ht's) District lined the route of the and treated 9,081 cases. I n addition numerous other functions and state drives were attended at which a further .3,628 cases received attention. Also during this year the Home Office asked the Brigade to undertake the training o! the O'eneral public in A. R. P. work, a request qUIckly to by the Chief Commissioner. \Vithin a matter of two weeks an instructor's course was held in London and, by the end of 1935; 1,100 had attended subseq uen t extensive courses held in

:\lr Lancelot Lady uperintendent-in-Chief Overseas. C o unty. L. W. Dryland, Nortilamptonshire.

London. S i r John Duncan wisely insisted that the whole of the Brigade personnel should be trained in this work before the genera l training of the public commenced.

The personnel of Ambulance Divisions had, by December 19 35, reached the fifty-thousand mark (50,277 ) whilst the nursing personnel totalled 15, +23 and cadets 1 2 ,437.

At the com peti tion finals in 19 35 two cu ps were presented b y Col. C. 1. Ellis (Surgeon-inChief) for the best leader of Ambulance and Nursing teams.

Only one camp for the Nursin o- personnel was held durin 0- 1935, that at Rossall School where over 150 mem bers encam ped.

19 36 saw the death, in Januar y , of King Geor g e V. who, in 19 09, when Prince of \Vales, gav e the pri v ile g e of wearing plumes to the MetropolItan Corps. At the Lying-in-State members of the Brigade did g rand service and, on the day of the funeral dealt with over 7,000 casualties along the route in London and a furth t r 416 cases at \Vindsor.

I n A pril of the same year, owing to the growth of A.R.P., the Chief Commissioner appointed \V. C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., as his St a ff Officer for Air Raid Precautions.

In June Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher succeeded Col. C. 1. Ellis as Surgeon-in-Chief, the latter being placed on the Chief Commission's Staff as Inspecting Officer for the \ Vest of England. Dr. Bentall ( A . R.P. Staff Officer ) was later appointed Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief.

On June 4th the Chief Commi s sioner formally presented the Bri g ade Colour, the g ift of Major A. Tennys o n-Smith ( County Commis s io ner ) , to the Count y of Hamps :1ire.

The first Camp for Cadets of the Prior y for \Vales w as held at Barr y Island, some 400 taking advanta g e of the facilities offered.

The first Conference of District and County Sur g eons was held at St. John's Gate on October 10th under the chairmanship of the Surgeon-inChie f (Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher)

No. 1 ( Pri nce of \Vales's) District lost, by retirement, a g ood friend in District Officer S. B. Piers, who joined the Brigade in 18 8 7.

A B.O. was issued in October, 1 36, stating the work of the A.R.P. Scheme and the examinations standard.

We now come to 1937. The work done this year is still in the minds of the mem bers and need no rec 2.Jling to memory.

(These dates have been extracted from "St. John Ambulance Association, its History and its part in the Ambulance Movement," which was compiled by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, and from back copies of FIR S T AID since 1894.)

St. John Ambulance Associatio n

H U LL. - The til t competItIon for the "Coronation " Cup, pr e s e nted by 1r. \N. E. Twinbam se c retary of t h e " Carver" up c omp e tition, wa held on a turday, l\1 ay 29th , when ele\'en team s as embled at th e IIull Te c hni ca l C o ll e ge.

The judges wer e Dr. J. 1\1. Hermon (t ea m), Dr. L. F. \Nil o n and Dr. E. D e arn (individual)

The t e am t es t de a lt with a m a n wh o h a d fall e n thr o u gh an open trap d o or into th e ce ll a r of hi hou s e. H e was found to be un co ns c iou s, but th e pr o bl e m o f h o w best t) brin g him up th e s t e ps a nd through a d oo r ap e rtur e of 3 f l. x 4t fl. t a x e d the in ge nuit y o f mo st ca pt ai n s . Th e result s w e r e ; 1 s t , Dairycoa tes ( L. N. E. R .) point s ; 2nd, P a ra go n K o 1, 1 6 7 ; 3 rd B m u!-:h P o li cc 1 64.

Indiyidu a l. - 1, P.C. F a lga t e ( Broug h P o li ce ) , 2 , B a rk e r (Bridlin g t o n P o li ce ) , 3 , P C. Smi h (Brou g h P o li ce , 4, P.c. Huddl es t o n e (Drilli e ld ), S, P.c. D ic kin o n (Br ou!.., 1 P o li ce ).

Th e" C o r o n a ti o n I) Cup a nd th e ind idu a l p r izes w e h a nd e d to th e winn e r by C o un ty C Ol11l1li s io n c r \\ I Atkin so n H e co n g ratul a t e d th e terL l11 S wh o h a d ta l-: e n Pel rt and s tr es s e d t h e n ece it \' of a wiel e kn o \\ le d ge llf fir t £l it.! Y m e mb e r s o f the ge n e r a l pu b li c 1\1r. G. H. O a k es ( Di s tri c t e cr e l ary, L.;\ E .R .) pre s id e d; Supt. Huddl e to n e ( D e puty C hi e f Co nl abl 'J e xpr ess ing thank s t o th t:: d ll n o r of th e c up, \\'h o i a l o tlt e s ec r e t a ry o f th e co mp e titi o n , a nd i\Ir. -\tkin o n fo r pr e e n til g th e pri zes.

Posters fot" Publicity.

FOLLOWING the request of many users a new has been introduced in the Sto ck Post rs adv ctised in this Journal. In addition, owin g increased demands, we have been able to red ULC slightly the price of the small poster from 2/ 6 t') 2/ 3 per dozen, post free.

The new size is a double-crown, \\'hi c'1 measures 30 in. by 20 in., and we feel sure u ser s will find this a very acceptable size, and the pr ic e (3 / 3 per dozen, post free) very reasonable

The three sizes now available are: Lar ge 40 in. by 23 in.; Medium, 30 in, by 20 in. ; m all 20 in. by 1 Lin; the prices being 4 / -, 3 / 3 and 2 /3 per dozen, post free, respectively.

Remittances and orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd. , 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretar ies and others with specimen copies of this Journal f or distribution among their members. Apply to t he Publishers, FIRST AID, 4 ri Cannon 5t .. London E.C .

St. John Ambulance Brigade

Headquarters ana Dzstrz'ct jr ejJorts.

No. I (P rince of Wales 's) District.

\Ve offe r 0 11r co n g r atu lat ions t o Di strict O ffi ce r '. E Bo\\ er on I1.:\I. T he K n g co n fe r r i ng th e U RE. UpOIl him :\lr. Bowe r i s the A R.P. Office r of • TU 1 (Prince uf \\' e " ) Di tr ct and h as 'pe n t ma n y hours Illaking himscI proficient ill thi' s u bject.

On Thm day. :\ [ a ) 20th. at Di triet H eadquarters the Capt. \\' Coodley, :\ 1. (", pn,:sl1llec1 I.J2 Coro nation :\ I ec!a l s and the recipients on th ei r gnod fo r tu n e.

n 1 (ST. JOIIX'S (; ,\n:) J)[\ ISI()x. - This <1iyj ion cc'eb ratcc! its 50th :tllnivc r ary b y hold in g a Ju bi ee D nn er 011 :\ la\' 20th. at ':\ 10nico Resta ur ant.

:\Iajor Lachlan :\lac1ean. O.RE the Hon. Prlsident, pr id ecl and alllong th' di':linguishl d \\lre Dr . :\. Cor 'Ll FlLtchl r. Sllrt;C()I1-il1 - Chicf. (·apt. \\ '. Coodle).

C'l.11 1111SIUIH: r, 'oI11l11andcr H. Pirie Cordon •\ :-.t. C0111Ill' lOiler Capt. II. \ Fenton. Lad) ])i lnct Supl. :\Ji ' s

A 1. \\ alker. :\ 11. 11. \\ Finch:ll11. \ :-'slslant Lihrarian of T hl Or ILr. Brigade On: r L'Cl: was rLprlSL'nteci IJ) If sail 1)1' India. lJr. I I. IJ o\land. ()f 1 II t ralla. and Ilugh C,lllll'r()ll' C,{ l'anacla Th e pi "(' nce al<;() nf three ()f t11l' [cllir past if rl11 l'd all Illtlrelilll,: link with till' ealh da\' s of th e - " IIltl'rl S{ in!.:: \\ rl III and t hl' Di\'isi()ll [lcei vcd nn its C;()lden luhilee. Each guest \\as pre l'ntec1 \\'ith a sOtln'nir hooklet of the hisloJ'\ of the Dl\ Isioll which contains mall\" items nf 11 tPrc st. -\\'e congratulate the Di\ i:ioll on this product: n which shotll d pro"e a permanc ll t rcco r d of the 111 1. iOll's ad i\'illl' s.

Xo. 88 ( \ VEST I I.D I ) )i \'IS Io'\. - i\11lC In!.!, the gUl'sts at tl nL t annual di n ner nf the \ \'est IIam Di\ IS1011. held 011 8th, \\Cre IhL :\]a\or (tnd :\Ia\orl.s of \\' c-;t Ham (1 11111Ssioner Capt. \\ ;. C()odll\'. -:\I.c.: Asst. COl11miSIOll er Capt. F. E. Dendix, orne-ers Fitch and Heinc.

The 01111l1i iOllcr r esponded for The V isitor , " pro posed by Amh, Officer \\ i nne1d. a n d t()uched u pon thL' wo rk clolle by the members of the Di\ ic;ion during t h e past yea r \\'hen 11 27 ca e \\'e r e atten d ed lw thC111. The 5t1 11 t h of the D i \'ision. incl u cli n g the Scctioll \\ "as (wer 101. Capt. Good In r eie rr ed to h e 10 s of :\lr s a n 1 concl u ded by \\ is h i n o' t h e m e n c y c r v s u ccess in t h e f ut u r c MCapt. B e ndi x proposed , Th e W e t II am Di\' i s io ll," had w atc h e d t h e \\ o rk o f the D i vi s io n with kec n In te rest a n d w as Sur e h at wi t h u c h l o y a an d efficient nJ r n u nde r him S up t. A h \\ ' o ul d fo r ma n y yea r s t o co m e 1)[, ablc t o k ee p up t h e h igh t a n da reI of e ffi cie n cy. S u pt. A s h in r ep l y g'ave a s h ort r es l1ln c of t h e hi sto r y of the Di v io n whi c h fo rm ed in 19 1-1- in ce \\ hen i h ,1( g r o wn in s tr n gt h. H e t h a nke cl t h e me mb er fo r loy al upp o rt a nd w o rk a nd th e compe ti t io n eam III g a mIn g th e pr e limin a r y a w a r ds. lI e h o p e d t h at n e.·t

yea r hey wo ul d b rin g hOl11e the actua l awarcls Supt. A s h co n side r e d , with due modesty. h at \\ Tcst II am was h e b est in t h e Bri ga d e A mb. Offi ce r Dun more projJo ed T he G u ests." Th ey we r e p l eased to sce Dr Robe r tson present Th e :\I ayo r of \V e t H am Ald :\lr D. P a r sons, J .P , ill r ep l y she h ad watc h ed \\ ith keen intc r cst for somc yea r the \\'o r k of t h e D iy ision \' thin the Bo r ough. h e r efe rr ed to the occa io n 0 f the Hunger Marche r s at Canning' Tow n when s h e h ad been surp r iscd to find memher of the B r igade in attendancc attending to t h e cut anJ h istered feet of the h e hoped that h e D iy j io n wo ul d p r o Ye e,'en mo r e uccessf u i n t h e f u ture tha n t h ey had i n t h c past.

T he cvcni n g \Va b r o u ght to a close by a conce r t ginn hy " The L earne r' Conce r t Party. "

O[;TIIC.\TE.-The ann u a l birthday social and dance of the Ambu l ance and the Fil1c h ley & outhgate :\ ur Diyi ion \Va held at the Royalty H a ll So u thgate.

Ahout 270 member a n d gue t were p r e ent i ncluding the Mayor and :\layores of out h gate. :\ l is :\ l anth i er, :\1 1S Deacock, Commandant B.R.c. Corps O ffice r S. J. Stil1wLll. Di \ ,. Su r geon D. " - Reid, Lady Diy. Surgeon :\1r'>. L. " "c tlake and :\1 r. I 'e('nrs Thomp all Dancing continued until midnight. under the able dirLctJOn of Pte. T h orndike. \\·ho. a 'i'lLC.. \ \'as rc pan ible ior a number of no\'el and origina dances.

The p u pils of :\1is5 Dorice Sparro\\ proyided <2n e xcdknt Caharet entertainmcnt.

,. I thank YOU not onh for the im itation to earn' out the in pection - hut al 0 for the good \york done the yea r ," aid Fielcl-:\1a r ha l ir Claude \ \' Jaeob.

G.c.D.. K.C. .1., K.C.:\I.G aftc r ha\' i ng carried out the annual in pection of Xo. 1 (Prince of \\ ra l e s) on ."atun:ay. June .:; th, In Hyde Park.

A reco r d nUlllbe r of memhe r \\'e r e on parade and presenled a smart appea r ance o n a hot su n ny afte r noon.

S i r ClamIe \\ -. J acob , c arr y i n g hi Fielcl- :\ Iar h a l' s hat.on.\ \ a rece i Yed hy Sir Perc i ya \\,il ki n on ( ec r cta ryGe n e r a l ) Col. G. A. {-, l oore ( A st. C h ief Commi o n e r ). a nd D r. X Corhct Fletc h er and e co r ted to t h e al n ti n g base. H e r e. after thc Gene r al Sa lu te a n d t h e X atio n a l A nthem h ad heen p l ayed. by t h e band of H :\l. \\ ' e l h G u a r d, Capt. \\' Goodley. :\L C.. the Cornmi ione r. was p r e e n ted to t h e In pecti n g O ffice r. r C la u cle t h e n ca rri cd o u t the in peetion, bei n o' in tere ted in ma ny of t h e deco r atio n s \\' o rn by me m be r s of h at h Am bu lan ce a nd J ursin g rank s He e xpr e e d great p leas nr e at the ir appeara n ce R et urnin g to h e a lu in g b a s e th e I n pect i ng Offi ce r too k t h e a lu te at h e ma r c h pa o f me n. nur se, c a d et s amb ul a n ce a n d r oael pat r o l s

Th e m a r c hi ng whil t n ot up t o " Gua r ds" ta nd ar d \\'a s goo d , e p ec i a ll y a t h e m e n m arch ed in com p an y c o lu m n.

Amon g t.h e in te r e ted \'i i to r w e r e rep r e s e n tati v es of t h e Bri gade Ov e r ea s a n d th ey \ \'e r e g r eat l y s t r u c k by

the number on parade (nearly -1-,500), martnc " and llcat11(' S of uniform and the llumhcr ot recruits who were ill 11111 ft i.

No. II District.

The Brigade in Somerset ha suffered a great 10 by the death of their Coun t y COl11mi ioner, Mr. John Cox, ,,,ho pa ed away on aturday, 22nd. Cox commenced his ambulance career when quite a young man ,, ith the Barton Hill (Bristol) stretcher bearer squad, became sergeant subsequently, and retained that rank ",hen the Brigade was re-organised

In 1906 he returned to his native town, \ Vestonsuper-Mare, started a division and ubsequently became Superintendent. On the formation of the present Corp, he \\'a eleyated to Corp rank. During the Commisioner hip of Col. Cary, Mr. Cox was appointed County Officer and later became the Commi ioner for Somer et.

At the funeral, which took place on Thur day, 11ay 20th, nearly eyery divi ion in the County was represented, in addition to members from neighbouring counties, representatiYes from the British Legion, British Red Cross, and other organisations.

The bearer squad was composed of Brigade Officers, the Brigade Flag conring the coffin on which rested the d e ceased's cap and sash.

The photograph which appears on anothe r page in this issue had been prepared before the sad news reached us.

Box..--It was with great satisfaction that members of the Box Divi ion learned that the Hon. 11rs. Shaw has been admitted as Officer of the Order of ] ohn and also that she has accepted the position as Hon. President of the Diyision.

SOUTH BUCKS CORPs .-The annual report for the year ended December 31st) 1936, has recently been issued and gives particulars of the work carried out during the 12 months.

The three ambulances of the Corps attended 445 accident cases, 828 invalid cases and travelled 13 225 mi.les; a magnificent performance. Twelve hono;ary dnyers are avallable together with members of the Ambulance and nursing divisions.

Public duties have been undertaken at functions too numerous to mention in detail whilst practically the whole Corps (cadet excepted) are now trained in A.R.P.

The Corps has four ambulance diyisions, with a personnel of 143; tl\'O nursing divisions, with a personnel of 44, whilst three boy and one girl cadet divisions have a strength of 120.

The finances are in a satisfactory condition.

No. IV. District LANCASIJIRE.

Over 2,000 members of the South East Lancashire Corps took part in the annual inspection and competitions held on Saturday, ] une 5th, on the Swinton Rugby Leaguc football ground.

The inspection was carried out by Col. C. ] Trimble) c.B., C.1I.G., V.D., T.D., whose connection with the movement covers over 50 years, being accompal11ed by thc Mayor and Mayoress of Swinton a nd

Pcndlel1tlry ( Iderman and Mr PoLls) and Lad) l)isllJ '2 L , tlPt. 11 rs. T,, ccclalc.

Col. Trimble al 0 took the saluk at the march ]l a s!.

The result of the competitions werc :Mcn: 'cction A-I, 1\1ump ; 2, Todmorc1el1. Sect 0 11 11-1) Crompton; 2. Atherton. Sl'Ctioll C-l, T) ldcsl l) : 2, Denton. Section D-1, Radcliffe: 2, Ferranti (Oldha m) Section E--1, Fail worth; 2, Ra\, ten tall. urse : Section A-I. Hindley: 2, 13ury. Sect 111 B-1, Heywood: 2, Rochdale. cction --1, llury; 2, A hton.

Girl Cadcts: 1, Todmorden; 2, Ralllshotiol11.

Boy Cadds: 1, Tottil1gton; 2, Cra"·s],a,,hooth.

No. V. District.

On May 30th a pre entation was made to Mr. ,A. J Gibson by COl11mi siOIler S. \V. on behalf of e Tottinghamshire Area, in recognition oi the 20 ye ar s served as A istant Commissioner of the Area.

The presentation took the form of a handsome : o'id silyer casket and scroll and in asking 1\1r. Gib 011 to ac el pt the gift :,\Ir. referred to the brilliant work car l'i d out year after year by the recipient.

In acknowledgment, :'Ill'. GJI) on aid no one cu .\1 appreciate hi feelings at the break111g: of an assnci ahm that had lasted 20 years ancl IJeen marked all the" hile by sweetest harmony, All he had clone had heell w'h the object of maintaining the pre tigc and dignit.> of Ihc Order. He also referred to the l1C\\ .R.L. work, remarking that he \\ as \'ery proud of " Toltingham's n p.ltation in this connection.

Asst. COl1lmis ioner II. C. Else, and Count"

A. La Touche Darl y expressed the thank · oi tIle to the Commissioner) and added trihute to C;ib q 11. ,,,hile thank to the chairman, Capt. P. J. P , who succeeded :'Ill'. Gibson. were yoicecl 11\ L. vVarci-\Yalters.

In the preliminary round for the " " Cup. presented to the Nottingham Corps for annual competitio n by Major H. Spaight, late Corps llrg-e o n and 'uperinLel1 liL t of the Corps, held on unday, 1Ia.> 9th, t am rl prtsenting Bulwell, Cinderhill, 1Iapperley and Rad flml Divisions of the Tottingham Corp qualified for the final competition.

The final competition was held on thc For t. ottingham,on Sunday, l\Iay 30th) ,,,hen the four succ e ful teams were called upon to deal ,,,ith a supposed a C'ident case in which a lorry driver receiyecl se\'ere fa cia l burns, the treatment of which was complicated by ihe occurrence of an attack of epilepsy in the same pati lnt. whilst his mate, in running from the fire, tripped and sustained a fractured leg.

The total of the marks awarded to the Teams she" cd that the winners were Mapperley, with 105 marks, the runners-up being Bulwell) with 98 marks. Radford w ere awarded 8St and Cinderhill 7-1- marks.

The competition was judged by Dr. 11. Houston (Di v. Surgeon), and the "Spaight" Cup was presented to t he winning team by the Lord Mayor of Nottingham, COUl.l eillar E. Purser, a former Divisional Superintendent 111 the Nottingham Corps, who had been an interested sp eL'tator. Individual prizes were also presented to ea ch member of the winning team and the runners-up, and t 1 c Lord Mayor warmly congratulated the winners on th e; r success and also the other teams on their excellent displ ay of practical First Aid treatment.

The competition arrangements and the staging- of t ht'

FIRST

t c- .t, which \\ as very satisfactory. \\ ere carried out llllder th e sL1penisiol1 of orps Officer (R) F, arrier.

A deciding test \\ as also heJeI to determine th\.: final r es ult of the: Ambulance Leaguc Competition, which has ble n carried on dl1ring the winter months. in which Ci nc!Lrhill ancl 11apperley Divisions ticd for the premier p< sitJOI1. The result of this test adj lIdgccJ Cinderhill

D \'lsio!1 to he the winners of the League" Cup, 1\ ith 1(1 3 mark, \\ hil"t 1Iapperle) as runners-up, \Iit h 981 m;"rks, were awarded the" Officers" Cup. The pre entation of the c trophies, with illdivi.(ltnl awards to the tesl teams' members, was al 0 earned out by thl: Lo re! 11ayor.

J. thc presentatioll of the competition trophies an d awards, tbe Lord 118yor abo prescnted service medal rib hons and warrant to Corps Officer C Lc\\enelon) Amh, Offi cer F. arrier) crgt. C. CarriLr and orp!. F. Gilbert, (f the 1\ottingham Central Divi'ion.

In making these presentations, the Lord ?\layor aiel that he klllW) from 111 0\\11 knowledge, that thLSe. awards 1)1' se rvice In thL :1. John Amhulance were not t"\'e: n Jig' htly, and that each recipil nl hael completed more i'la n fiiteen efficient sen'ice in the Drigade. Th,; c ompetltiolls and pr e sentation 1\ ere watched by a ;a r ::,- c and interlste:d (1'0\\ <1 of spectator, 11110ng t whom \ ere :\lr. i\. B. Ciboll, J.P. (IClte i\ssl'>lant Commissioncr • r a). A:st. C()lllmi :c.iollC'r J 1. C. El e. rlli o i • '", 5 District and Di lriet Officer 1\' G. \ d le r .onc! J)r. (;. If. Parker, Corps :llrf.;l ()ll, :\ottingham

C rp

Til COllnecti()ll \\ ith the anllual competiti(J1l for the (;ihs llll all llilllinalion comp<:titiol1 wa held 01l

"Un cl e'l l " , thl of wllich \\'crc Dulwdl, ( .r rill·g tnll. 'City all,l :\fapperl ) Dil isi r) l1s. The e iour

I .1111 c Ollllll't ed in thl final compllitHJll for the trophy.

I, : 1 ( Ill th L 'oaing h;Jm. Oll ,unday, June 6th.

Fllr the pUrpl)Sl' () f thi C01l11Jltit10ll. each team ",a

•• lIed upun tn render firt alcl to t\\'o workmell. ,,-orking on 1 i.o l:lt t:d hllilding'. nnc of whom uppo ed to have yc red two fingLr of his left hanel. "htlst he other man. it tn hi assl ·tance, lipped and su taincd an ankle l' ;u ry \\ hich rtr/lllrul trt :1tlllcnt :1<., a suspected"

fl<lct urc

The te t 1\ a \1 ell stag-cd under ideal weather conditi)Jl a ncl "a \\ atched hY llumerOl! and interested spectato rs. The judge, "ho al 0 prcpared the te t, was Dr. J. I f. Franci s, 0 i ;'\rnold. and the re 'lllt of the markings \':.' as iollo\\'. : Buh\ ell, 85 marks: );otting-ham City, 80

I .ark s: 75 marks and 74 mark.

The .. Gih 011" ,hielcl ",as presented to the Buhycll tL: 11 hy A. lL Gib 011, J.P.) '"ho gaye the hield to t' ?\Tottin,e:halll Corp in 1921 for annual competition. Gihsoll congratulated not only thc \\'inning' team, l)ut al. () all the other competitor on their performances, and Illtn tioned that this \\a his first public appearance in con n ection with the t. Tohn Amhulance Bri<l'ade since he r elI nquished the positio;1 of As istant Commissioner for th Xottinghamshirc Area on December 31st last. 11r. G bson also handed miniature cups to the members of the \ 1 in ning team and the City Divi ion team a runners-up.

District Officer 11iss W. Gbson accompanied 1Ir. GIbs on 011 this occasion.

The competition was also attended hy Corps Officer (R) F. Carrier, who capably carried out the arrangements, al d Div. Surgeon and, upt. Major J. Cohen, Radford DII'i sion.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly me nti on FIRST AID. It doesn't cost you anything and it plea ses the Advert isers and Us .

No . VI. Di s trict.

SJIIRDIOOR.--A succcssful Suppcr and Vance was held on May 1st, at 1\ hich oyer 200 \\'ere prc ent, the occasion taken to present the a\\ arcls earned by l1H:mllers of the Shiremnor Division during the past year <.! nd to gil'c it hearty .. semi-off" to th( : Ilew ursing Di I'lsion which has just been formed.

:'Ilr. H. Gregory presided. and the guests included Lady County Officer )'lrs. Anderson, Corps Supt. Bo\\er, Div. 'lugeon Dr. Forgie and Forgie, and Lady Amb. Officer Pearson of vVhitley Bay, ,,-ho has taken a great interest in the formation of the X ur ing Division.

Mrs. Anderson presented the Xursing Awards and Dr. Forgie those for the men, which included 16 A.R.P. Certificates, as well as a Grade 2 Certificate to Div. Supt. Gibson.

Corps Supt. Bower congratulated the Dil'ision on it progre s.

The Lad y Hospitallers ' Club.

Ox Saturday afternoon, 11ay 29th, the members of the Lady Hospitallers' Club spent a pleasant afternoon at the Glebe House, Pem bury, where they were the guests of l\liss Rideout, former L ady District Superintendent of No .1 District.

The party travelled from London by coach, ar r iving at the Glebe House at about 4 o'clock, where they we r e warmly welcomed by liss Rideout and Miss Cli rtis. The weather was ideal, and tea was se r ved on the beautiful lawn . The time passed all too q u ickl y, and at 7 o'clock the party left once again for London

National Road Passenger Transpol"t Ambulance Association.

TilE eliminating competition for the c, Sti.rk" trophy have now been held with the following- results :South 7\lidland Arca -The Birmingham and 1\lotor Omnibus 0., Ltd., and the Birmingham Corporation Tran port Dept. gai ned first and second place at the Area competition held on 1\1ay 9th, at Cardiff, under the auspices of the Cardiff Corporation Transport Dept., and will compete in the final. Six: teams competed and thanks are due to the CardifT Transport Committee and Mr. \,illiam Forbes, 1\1. Inst.T., general manager, for the hospitality extended Northern Area.-Held at heffield, on 1\ l ay 23rd, when nine teams competed, the three leading teams ",'ere Huddersfie ld Corpn Transport Dept., Corpn Transport Dept., and "We t Yorkshire Road Car Co., and these g-o forward to the final.

The competition was held on the sports ground of the Sheffie ld Transport Corporation and a large gathering wit n essed the work.

The final competition will be held on Sunday, J u ly 4th, al 1\ ranchester.

1\l iddleto n Park (Leeds) team \Yon the" Corfield " cup competition, held on Ju ne 5th, at Featherstone The judge \Vas D r. E. B l omfield, of Pontef r act.

Przory for f/f/ales.

PLANS FOR ROYAL VISIT.

In vie\" of the gratifying news that Their Royal Highnesses the and Duchess of Kent are honouring Priory with a visit on October 19th and 20th, 1937, the annual meetings of Chapter and General Assemhly usually held in June have been postponed. As Prior, the Duke will hold an Investiture of l\lember of the Order on the Roll of the Priory; and though details of the programme have not yet received approval, the Duchess will fulfil her first engagement as Lady uperintendent-in-Chief of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade in \Vales.

CADETS CAfiIPS, 1937.

All CRdet Di\' isions in \.Vales l1a\'e received details of the Camp which i being organised at the Glamorgan Territorial Army Association Camping Ground and Hutlllents at Barry Island, Glamorgan, from Saturday, Augu t 7th to earl)' September, for not more than 100 cadets inclusi\'e of officers at a time.

A grant has again to be acl{f1owledged from King George's] ubilee Trust in respect of the pro\' ision of equipment; and it is intended to provide pillo\Vs in addition to the trestle beds with mattresses Rnu three blankets per cadet as available last year. An allowance will be made to reduce the cost to the cadet to 8 / - for the week. A camp Commandant will be appointed for the week with an Assistant Commandant and eight Officers; and every party of cadets travelling to and from Camp mllst be in charge of an Officer or cadet o\'er 16. The first week, August 7th to 14th, will be allotted to Cadet I\' ursing Divisions; and tbe following weeks, commencing August 14th, 21st and 28th are available to Cadet Ambulance Units, while it may be possible to arrange for a continuance of Cam p from September 4th to September 1th, provided the leadership is available. An estimate of numbers must be rendered before June 26th, in order that adequate arrangements may be made for the use of the ground during specified weeks; and the date for receipt of final applications is July 5th. Officers selE::'cted for the various duties will meet Rt Priory House prior to August 7th to draw up rules, etc.

JU"E1'oILE ORGANISATIONS DISPLAY.

On the occasion of the visit of Their Majesties Kina George VI and Queen Elizabeth to Cardiff on July 14th, Display and March Past by Juvenile Organisations is being organised in the Cardiff Arms Park by the Cardiff Juvenile vVelfare Council. All cade.t Di\ isions in vVales have been Riven an opportunity of rendering a return of cadets \.\'ho desire to take part in (1) the Grand March Past and (2) an Ambulance Display.

ROAD TRANSPORT AMBULANCg COMPETITION.

The Cardiff and District Road Transport Ambulance Competition Committee met at Priory House on June 4th, under the Chairmanship of Mr. J. YounR, C. B E., General Manager, Newport Borough Electricity Department, to decide on the action to be taken regarding the holding of the annual competition for the irs. Cornelius Griffiths Cup arranged for V.lednesday, June 16th, as only three entries had been received. It was agreed that so few entries would not justify the amount of effort and money involved; but as

the Representative of the Caerphilly U. D.C. pr sent at the meeting stated that his Undertaking would guarantee to enter a team if the competition could be postpClned a month it was fInally decided to hold the competition nn \Vednesday, July 21st.

All undertakings \\'ithin a radius of t\\'ent)-fl\ e mile s frolll CardifT are invited to partiripate in hi event; entrie s for which should be ubmilled immediately to the Honoran Secretary, l r. H. Gould, Newport Borough Department.

RHONDDA FAC!! CORPS CO}'IPE fl riO1'\'.

The Rhondda Fach orps held competitions for 11 II r'>e<." men and cadets at the Du rrryl1 chot)ls, Ferndnle, on \I a\ 29th. Among those pre ent were the COl11l11i inner for Rhondda, Captain Talie in R.ichard , J.P, ant.! ;\Ir T. John, J.P., I.E., who referred in terms of \.\·C1rlll(' prni e to the excellent work carried ('Iut hy the Brig-ade.

The competition for the "Dr. Glan\ille ,'dorris" - hil'l d was \\'on by l\laerdy, \\'ith a total of l11arl.;s. TIll captain of the team was Corporal ]0 eph RC'ynold , :\li s" Irene James captained the Ferndale nurses tam. \\'ho \\'o n the Mrs. Morris-Thomas Shield, with a total of mark s. The Dr. E. J :\lorris Cu p for B o y CndL'ls \\ ' as \\'on b\ l\ O. I Tylorstown team, captained b) 'Cadet Robert \\ h I scored 154 marks. 1 o. 1 F rndRle Girl Cadet.... I am captained by 1\li s Eleanor i\[organ \\'on the P. PL!ndn Cup, scoring- 137 mark.

The comparatively new subject for Instruction, \ iz., Ai r Raid Precaution, is beginnin g to take a regular place il Brig-ade functions; and the rrl:'sentations carried out Iw th e Commissioner included A. R. P. certificates gnined b , Sergeant Frank Tinkham, Lady Di\ isional uperintendl'n l l\liss Cathleen Jones, Ambulance Sisters l\li Beatri c \.Villiams, liss l\latthews, Ii s :\larRaret ]. Da\ ies, i\li -, Doreen Leach, Irene Jones and Esther :\forgan.

FORTHCOi\llNG COl\lPETIIION.

The Ffaldau Institute and Garw Division nnnoullce s that the date selected for the annual competitions tor eni or and Cadet teams is SRturday, her 25th. Entry form s and full details can be obtained from the Secretary, 1r. ;\ E. Lovesy, 84, The Avenue, Pontycymmer, Gla01.

ORI1 (JAR\'.

Members of the Priory for Wales learnt with sorro"v on Saturday, June 5th, of the death of Lord Kylsant, wh o rendered exceptional service to the work of the Order in Wales in the office of Sub-Prior from 1922 to 1931 and formerly when Sir Owen Philiprs, as Acting- Sub-Prior to the late Earl of Plymouth, P. C., G. B. E., C. B. Tht! Priory W':lS represented at the funeral by its Principal Secretary and Commissioner for vVales, the Hon. J ohn H. Bruce, D.L., J.P.; and among the floral tr i butes was a design of the eight pointed cross of the Order in white carnations, bea r ing the following inscription ;-" In proud and grateful memory of the Sub-Prior of the P r io r y for Wales, 1922-1931, on behalf of all members on the Roll of the Order of St. John in Wales,"

Razllvay A fflbulance JVews. Great Western.

Cow ;,\JEll\I.I J-;T:-.· OUTI);c.- The :\layor of Swansea ((' JlIl1ciJlor Richard I]enry) accorded a civic reception to tIll -1-00 Creat \\'t'5tn11 Raih\ay amhulance gold medallist5 and t hcI r \\,1 es \\ ho gathertd at Swan ta on aturday, J Ule 5th, for their fiilct'nth annual (JuLing. The medallis s, \\ ho incll1ded men oj all grades 111 thl: crviee and c\ r y part of thl' S)sll'lll, mct for luncheon at the orth I IOll:1 under the prl'sicll'nc) oj :'1r. J. T. Eci:n lll1ds, Assl tal1t Dock Manat;cr, \\hl'11 among the g-I " t s \\ ere thl' :'1<1) ()r and Mayorl''>s, :\1 ISS C. A. Alllt , A l hlllance Centre and local ufficials of the CI n ptlny. ThL Chell rman cOll\'cYl'd mes ages 0 COI1alld \\ ishcs from ;,\1 r. J. F. Lean late PrInc ipal "\,, , tant to thl' Gl'llcral :'Ianag-cr. 1\1r. II. Clarke, .'tarr .\ssistanl, and :'Ir. \V. C. Chapman, la;e Cc n t n : .'lcn tar). ,tlHI referred to the pride felt by tr' ( ;rcat \\ l' l rn RaIl\\ ay ill Ih C;old :'Iedalli, t the "c1d l'l' hrethren" nf thL 1l1()\ e1l1ent.

The :'Ia) Ill'. \\ tllC party, invitee! them to \ i 't t he an:ea Ci\ ic Centrl'. \iter lunchcon the part) l'lllharked for a motor tour fOl d tIll' (;()\\'l'r coast. and hac! the pri\ ill'!!."e of beingc )Tl luclL:d round the 1\ IC entre, \\ here the famol! Hr 11 p a ne]:.., \\ \.! l' l' 1l11lch aclmi red, and th e ll1eclalli t :11 ) e qll c lltly as .l' lllhlce! i()r tea at the :'lack\\'orth lIotel.

'I'hl' \ \ hrilc cri thl arrangemellt: ior thIS most popular 01 a llnll a l \\nL In th e hand: of J. LOll C' , I) yi iOll a l \I11I111bncL :ccrda[\' and hi allk ommittee.

\\ nu ar l' til IlL C(ll1!,!'rattllalL'd ell; their c:\celknt orL:ani atio[l.

I ', \DUI:\ (;T():\. - Thc Paddi lUll \\'() 1l1l' 11 am hlllance h e ld their allllual lHescl;tation of a\\ard aL thc anle ) IIl tllute r11l :\[ay 11th, \\ hen Dr. H. lanncll- h Fuller, (;.\\,.f'. hi l'! :'1cellcal Officer. who 11ad acted as th c ir lecturer, pn: Icled and pr e sented cxamillation a\\ar d. Ill' congratulated the and th e ir ecretar)" R. Oil the iact that 100 per Cent. of the n 1'111 her had hceJluccesfu1. and that the Padding-tun \\ )[.ll Cll tcam had the Bcginncrs' C0111]ld l tlO Jl trophy. the ,. Frank Potter" Shield, for the sl"o n cl ) c ar in 'llcceSSlOIl. H\.,,, as sorry to learn that ss :' Iarh \\ as resigning from the ecrctary hip owing to a ddl t i <:ll1al duties a a -sistant clivi ional ccrctary. A prc entation of a camera was made to her In the members In a ppreciation of her servIces. •

OSWE.STRY.- The l\layor of Os\\,cstry, Councillor T. J onc s, presided over the annual distribution of awards to the Oswe try ambulance cIa s on l\lay 14th, and congratulate d t h c members 011 t heir Stll'CCSS Rnd particularly the lOco motIVe team Oil winnin o the" Loxdale " Shield in the dl\ i sional contests. l\lr. J. \V. Enser, District Traffic who made the presentations, said they must have hem Impressed by the fact that as many as 9,"00 casualties 1 r e dealt with in London on Coronation day. Ambua[lc e work was royal and loyal service. He was proud of the fact that the <.:las - had achieved 100 per cent.

success, and that the Central Wales Division had won the .. Athlone " Bowl for the hig-he t percentage of first year men for the whole of the G.YV.R. system. The awards included a number of gold efficiency medals, and competition prizes, which were presented by 1Ir. F. W Harris. ;'\lr. J]. Benbow, class ecretary, presented his report, and Dr. Johnson wa thanked for his "alued sen'ice as class IcctLHer.

HOXO\.iRS.- The iollowing members of the Great \\ c tern Railway staff ha"e been honoured by the admi ion a erving- Brothers of the Order of St. John (J f J cm alem a the re ult of recommendations made by the Central Ambulance Committee:-

C. H. IIes, Dock ;,\1anager' Office, wansea, Di"i ional Amhulance Secretary, outh vVales Dock Di"isloll Mr. G. Parsons, Traffic Depa rtment, X e\\'port, :'lae gla

:\1r. H. J. Colburn. Docks Department, Port Talbot.

The of Thank of the Order of t. John h:1 been a\\'arcled Lo the following for exceptional rendered to the mo"ement: A. J. \Vebb, Traffic Department, Strouc!; :'Ir. A. \V Jordan, Police Department, Barry Dock ; G. Payne, Goods Department, Yeovil.

A elected number of G.\rV.R. ambulance ,yorkers \\ ere inclucled in the 1m e titur e held by Hi :\1ajesty the I\.l11g at Buckingham Palace on 25th, in connection \\ ith the Jubilee celebration of the t. John Ambulance Brigade. Among' these '\'ere :'1r. G. A. Burgess, Locomoti\ Department, Old Oak Common, \\ ho \\-as admitted as an Officer (Brother) of the Order, and L. G. Bretsch, Di"isional ecrerar) of the windon Ambulance Di\ ision. a <; Sening Brother.

london, Mid land a nd Scottish.

CUE.STER.-:\1r. L. C. Brittlebank pre ided over the n : ccnt l.nnual Dinner and moking Concert which wa attended by the Mayor (Alderman R. Mathewson) who proposed the toast of the" L.l\I. Ambulance l1oyement." .\Ir. L C Brittlebank rcsponded and mentioned the fact that thi \Ya the section' third annual dinner. 11r. A. J. .:\ Ioore ga n L11(' toa t of Our Visitors" and referred to the presence of the :'layor, Alderman lIatthe\\'s Jone , the Chief Constable, and :'Ies rs. Bairstow) Duncan, T. \\ illiam5 and Cook.

The chairman pre s mted Dr. \Vel h with a long service gold medal in recognition of his services during the last 30 year and the following awards \\'ere dIstributed by the Mayor: F. P. Kin man's " Shield-I, C. & v\'. Dept; 2, Engineering I o. 3; 3, Engineering No. 1. Seniors-I, 'y\'. J. Green (" Johnson " Cup); 2, A. YVycherley; 3. \V, R. J aggard and N. Penny. Intermediate-l, R. W. pratt; 2, R. H. Haglett; 3, Y\T. 1\1oore. Junior -1, C. E. Antrobus; 2, E. Cro 3, F. Jones. Dr. y\Tel h' Prize-C. E, Antrobus Chester Good pecial I rize-Glyn YVilliams Mr. and 1\1rs. R. 1\1. J one Prize-I. H. H. Lee; 2, L. Baker; 3, E. Cross. 15 Years' Gold Medal Awards-C. E. Noble, H. Carter} V. White.

DERBY.-The di tribution of a\\ ard to mcmber of the Derby L.1I.S. Offices Ambulance s took place at the Railway Institute, Derby, on i\lay 26th.

:'1r. \\ -. J. Blake, \iVelfare Supervi or, pre ided, accompanied by Dr. Mandell Coate, 11edical Officer, who prcented the awards' Dr. Charles Penny, the cia lecturer; J\Ir. T. Burnham. the cia _ instructor; and :'1r. R. Hi'lop, the ecretar\".

The chairman said that the succe ot the cb wa largely due to the continuity of service of Dr. Penny and :\1r. Burnham

Both had assisted since the formation of the cla s , which also had the interest of Dr. 11anuell Coates

Before pre enting awar ds, Dr. M ande ll Coates handed a pencil to Dr. Penny and a walking stick to Mr. Burnham ill appreciation of their services.

LUTo:N.-Fifteen member recently competed for cups given by Mr. Harry Rixson for first aid efficiency The winner were: Senior-1\1r. A. J. Keech, 53 points; and Junior-ilIr. C. A. Roughton, 31 points. Dr. Archibald, class l ecturer, was the adjudicator.

Proposing a vote of thanks to 1\1r. Rixson, 1\1r. P. Grace said winners' names would be inscribed on the cups and the donor's name \\"ould long be rememuered.

A presentation to Dr. Archibald was made by A. D. Harrop on behalf of the class.

"'ARRI:XGToN.-The Bank Quay Clas recently held their annual distribution of awards. 11r. G. R. Parker acted cl.s chairman and the following were distributed by l\Ir. S. J. \ iVhitehead: 8 certificates, 7 vouchers, 4 medallions, 37 labels, 20 yea rs' gold medal (\Vill iam Stevens), " Sir Peter Rylands" in dividual merit Cup (11r. John Knight).

London and North Eastern.

The annual Scotland versus England competition was held at the headquarters of the St. Andrew s Ambulance Association, Glasgow, on Thursday, June 10th, when the two leading teams of each country met in friend ly rivalry. The arbiters were Capt. A. C. White Knox, :'I.c., LB. (London), and Dr. J. E. McCutcheon (Glasgow), Mr. R. S. Beveridge (ambulance secretary, Scottish Area) being the competition secretary

In the team test competitors found the driver of a motor car pinned beneath the vehicle "with his head, ri ght arm and shoulder immersed in water in a d it ch. He was unconscious, apparently drO\Y11ed; suffering from c ompound fract ur e of both bones, ri ght fore-a rm, and a f r actured pelvis

The individual tests we r e : No.1 and 2) dealt with a maid suffe rin g from foreign body in both eyes, capillary bleeding wound above nose, fracture right r adius and hysteria; No.3 and 5) an electrician with burns both h ands and fractured right patella; No.4-a man s uff e rin g f rom iodine poisoning and fracture ri ght hum erus. In add ition a sho rt viva voce was given on the tests.

Some good work was 'witnessed and a very close competition enslled.

At the subsequent meeting :'1r. G. Mills (Divisional General 1anager, Scottish Area) presided, by Mr. C. :'1. J enkin J ones (Divisional General Manager, N E Area) , the judges, Dr. McBride (Medica l Officer), -:'lessrs Beveridge, Cooper, Goodley, and Wright (Centre Secretar i es), Mr. C LOl11? ' - (Secretary

pecial Ambul ance lOl11miLlee), 1\1r. J II. II. Hend e r soll (General ecretary, .A.A.A. ), Mr. T. O. fein, Mr. \V. R. Ferguson and others.

The Cha irm a n an n ounced the r e nIL as follows: 1s t Tyne Dock, 328 marks; 2nd Dunfermline, 310; 3\'{1 Harw ic h and Parkestol1 296; -tth Aberdeen, 248. ThI S wa the firs t occa ion Tyne Dock team had been succes sful althouo-h on two previoLls occasions they occupied second place.

1r. 1\li11s said how much the L. .E.R. appreciate d the exce llent work d one by the competitio n and the tim e and l eis ur e all ambulance men gave up to prepare themselves for accid e nts.

Mr. J enkin J ones presented the championship shiel d to the winners and propo ed a hearty vote of t han ks to the St. An d r ew' Ambulance Association for the hel p given in running the competition.

1\Ir. H ender on as urecl tho e present that the A 50 ciation was deliO'hted to give their services.

In reply to thank extended to the lldg-es by Dr. F. McBride Capt. vVhi te Knox congratulated the call petitors o n their very hi gh standard of efficiency. 11(' al 0 ref erred to the fact that he o-ained his first all certificate with the t. Andrew's As ociation (in 1907 ; a fact which Mr. Hender on quickly confirmed.

Ollt of the eleven competition now helel Eng-l and ha been succe sfll! on eight occasion

The underland L.X.E.R. Di trict :'uperintcmle nt' Office l\Ien' ambulance clas and the Sunderla nd L.'[ .E .R. Ladies' ambulance clas held their fir t annu al Dinner at the Palatine IIotel) undcrland. There wer e a large number of guests including Dr. J. Rusell Corfi dd and Dr. J. R. Beal, lecturer to the clas es, al 0 Dr. Thorp, Mr. S. Cooper, centre ecretary, J\Ir. • Armstrong. ewcastle District ecretary. Both classes reported 100 per cent. llCCC se in t he examinations and 1\1r. Cooper, centre ecretary. p nsented 2 certificates, 9 voucher and 2 medallion to " ladies' class) and 3 certificates, 9 voucher and 13 labels the men.

1\1r. L. Balian, the Di triet llperintendcnt. und erland, presided and presented the "Ricl,arc.lson" up t(l

1\1r. A. J. Johnson, winner of t h e class competition. t he second and third places being gained by :\Iessrs. C. T Hudson and T. Hopper, to whom medals were awarde d. Mr. Ballan also presented tokens of appreciation to the lectur ers, Drs. Corfield and Beal. and to the lacl il instructor, Mrs. H augh. and the men's instructor, J. S. Richards on.

11r. K. P. Walker, District Goods and Dock :'Iana gl'r. presided at the Smoking Conc<.;rt of the West IIartlep onl c las s s up ported by }\(r. and :\lrs. vVainwright, :\1 r. Armstrong, 1\1r. S. Cooper (centre secretary). 1\Tr. \ \'i1li s (district sec r etary), and others .

:\1rs. Wainwright presented the awa r ds

Mr. Walker presented to the cla s a framed phot o g r ap h of M r. J. Forrest, who is at the retiring arre, and r.lr S. Cooper presented 1\1r. Forrest with a miniature of th l' insignia of Serving Brother of the Order of . t. J oh11 . w i th w hi c h h e hael r ecent ly been invested.

R ecognition of 50 years' service to the St. J oh ll Ambulance Association given by Dr. J. H. Gilbertson wa s made at the annua l Dinn er of the Hitchin L.N.E.R. clas s and H itchin Division, S.J.A.B., an offspring of th l former.

Mr . T. Smith) Centre secretary, presided and pr esented the cl ass awards.

i-.lr. F. IIill) who has been the class secretary for 30 ye al s, asked Dr. Gilbertson to accept a pipe and case as it sm all token of esteem, affection and appreciation of his wor k. Dr. Gilbertson, sa id Mr. II ill, as lon g ago as 1886 was associated \\ ith the ambulance mo\'ement and had h Ull lecture r to the rail\'vay cla s for 51 years. H e had a lso be en associated with the B ri gade work in IIit chill for a llu mher of years.

Dr. Gilbert o11,,in lcdgmentaid it was a great pkas lIre to \\ ork w1th fClllwayme n. II e had always been hacke d up \\ ell by hi clas . H e g r eat ly appreciated t h e kill el that had prompted them to make t h c pn<'; l i1 t,lliol1.

Southern.

The pr sClltation of ambulance awards to members of t he :'Iaid tOile cIa s \\ as held l ast month ir Gilbert pre 'id1ng o\,er the function.

Lady Mellor pre entccl the a\\ ards. The chairman paid trihute to Dr. Laird who had l,!'in n sometime at inconvenience to himself and ::1 0 to :'fr. Hall, the in trllctor. )

Graham, \\ife of the Director and General IIant and Dor ct Motor en'ices, Ltd., prel'lte el ambulance (1\\ anI to memhers of the Redbrielge ,-l1 s

• E. IIight. (Di\'i ' ional uperintendcnt, Southamp.( n C entral) preSIded ancl welcomcd :\1r.) :\lr and Miss (Jra ha11: and rl'ferred to the f£reaL upport and enco llr age1l!ellt TIYI n trJ amhulance work by :'Ir. Traham.

\ prizc of a g-olclmolll1t d fountain pell, given hy \1 L. (,raha111 to the candidate ccuring the highest ?f marks 111 the examination, \\'a won hy G. C. \\ ate rbrIdge.

)'1r. P. I!arJO\\_ (.'tatiul1ma ter, Rcdhill) pre ided at t1" pres c ntatlOn 01 a\\ ants to memher' of the Redhill anel Durking cIa ses.

II. I IUl1nc) IH:lI (cIa ecretary, Redhill) tated that ..)/ pases had heen ohtained and 1n addition 12 pas eel at Ire thanked Dr. Chan for hi o-reat tance and hoped memher \\ ould increa e the number cd the class.

)1r. E •\. Richard ' (ecretary. .R. Centre) pre ented a\\ ards and t.o the recorel of the employee 01 the _ ol1thern Rad" ay 111 the competition world. H e app ealed to more YOUI10 men to take up the work, and 1\lr. II ullneyhell on the success of the e )' 1r. RIchards also paid tribute to the \Vork done dmino' the past 24 years by Dr. l1stey C hay e. b

Sir Thomas Gardiner, Dire cto r-G neral of the Post OfJ ice, presented awards to the Post Ollice Corps, S ]. A. B., II Golds mith 's Hall, London, on ;\Ionday, 1\la)' 31st.

The annual E the " Rowe" cup was held a t E t S xe er, on aturday, May 29th, the judge being Col. J. P. S. Ward. Exmouth Jun c tion Loco. S. R. \.vere first WIth Exeter City Police second; ix teams entered. -=---<;-

The 1 ewcastle Tramway (Haymarket) Division, S.!.A.B ., won th e drill competition for the" Ann Elizabeth M . 1 Sl emona lleld, competed for annually by the TynS lde ambulance di\ isions, on Saturday, Jun e 5th.

Albert Calmette, 1863-1933.

THE world of science sustained an irreparable loss by the death of Dr. Cal mette, for it is indebted to him for some of the most remarkable discoveries of modern times. Apart from his research work, he was the veritable animator of the Pasteur Institutes at Saigon, Lille and Paris. Like Pasteur, whose fervent disciple he was, his ambition was to place bacteriology at the service of industry and medical technology.

His name will for ever remain attached to three of the most decisi ve conquests achieved in the art of healing. Thanks to Calmette's snakebite serum, thousands have been saved from one of the most horrible of deaths_ Through the establ ish men t of pu blic heal th dispensaries, efficient guidance has been given to the campaigns against tuberculosis and an kylostom iasis, and all the other scourges which menace the health of the community. Finally, by his discovery of the B -C. G. vaccine agai nst tll bercu losis, Cal mette pa ved the way to a revol ution even greater than that which the world owes to Jen ner. \Alhen it is considered that one au t of every six or seven persons develops clinical symptoms of tuberculosis at some stage or other of his existence, that two million human beings each year to the 'I \\' h ite plague," that mill ions of pou nds are spen t on aid to the tubercular; only then is it possible to realise what such a discovery as the CalmetteGuerin vaccine means to humanity. This discovery was the fruit of twenty years of patient research.

Calmetl.e's death, at the very height of his career and in the midst of his labours, was a real calamity. For his collaborators, and for those who looked to him for help and healing, his loss is irreparable.

- He was among the first to realise the immense paten tial i ties of the Red Cross as a factor in pu blic health. His participation at the Cannes Conference which, in 1919, drew up the peace-time programme of the Red Cross, his regular attendances .at the meeting of the l\1e9ica1 Advisory CommIttee of the League of Red Cross Societies and his ol:casional contributions to the Bulletin, bear testimony to the genuine which he felt in the work of the Red Cross. The world Jost in him a great scientist whose name will be handed down reverently to posterity.

FLAG

DAY

PUBLICITY.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Flag Day and other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

A most \'aluable little book on Air Raid Precautions has recently been published by the proprietors of FIRST AID, ,the author being County J, Fenton, Deputy 1\ edlcal Officer of Health, County Boroug-h of Eastbourne, vVhile the matter clo ely follows the teaching of the official text-book, it is presented in note form, lea\'ing out none of the essentials, while omitting all " packing."

For the student tudying for the A. R. P. e:-.aminations, this work will be found most useful; and the instructor ""ill find therein the framework ready to hand on which to build forthcoming- lectures.

There is an excellent fore,,\'ord by Or. \ V. C. Bentall, Air Raid Precautions Staff Offi-::cr to the Chief Commissioner. The price of the book, 1/1 post frcC', tring" it ",ithin reach of all.

1\0. 1 DrsTRIcT, S.J.A B.

EASTERN AREA.-On Friday e\'ening, lay 7th, the annual inspection of the V.A. D. composed of members of the East Ham Tursing Division, was held at the Town Hall. The inspection was carried out for the \\'ar Office by Capt. Candole, R.A. r."l. C., of the Royal Herbert Hospital, Woolwich, and Col. Troup, County Controller for Essex Others present included Lad.\' District Officer 1\1rs. MacFadden, Assistant County Controller, Lady Distr ict Officer 10rrish, and l\Irs. Boultwood, Vice-President of the Division.

The detachment \\'as under the command of Lady Ambulance Officer 1\1rs. Woolford (Commandant) and Lady Div. Supt. Ogilvie (Assistant Commandant).

An air raid and gas casualty \\'as st<lgE'd. Respirator drill and the treatment of phosgene, tear and mustard gas cases was demonstrated, as well as practical work in first aid and home nursing and the use of the Thomas Splint. There was a display of invalid cookery, the work of the members and probationers, tastefully arranged on trays.

At the conclusion, Capt. Candole cong-ratulated the mem bers on their efficiency, and said how pleased he was to see so many probationers.

1\1rs. also expressed her pleasure at being present, \-"hile Col. Troup emphasised the need of increasing the strength of the detachment.

\i\'ESTERN ARJ;!:A.-On Tuesday evening, 1ay 4th, Assistant Commissioner S. J. Warren visited o. 55 (Southall) Nursing Division and inspected the members under Lady Div. Supt. Iiss Lewis, and the Cadet Nursing Division under Mrs. Bailey. After the inspection he kindly presented a number of certificates to successful members.

The annual inspection of the V.A. D. from No. 26 ( R oyal Borough of Richmond) ursing was held at Di:'isional Headquarters. The InspectlI1g Officer was 1a)or Sayers, R.A. M C., who was accompanied by Co lonel Rennie, County Controller. The was rerresented by Lady District Officer Miss Tuckwell, and Assistant Commissioner S J. Warren.

lajor Sayers was very pleased with all he saw and congratulated the unit, at the same time appealing- fo r more mobile members.

After the inspection, Mr. Warren presented Cooke r y certificates to successful members of a recent class.

No. -+ DISTRICT, S.].A. B.

BLA KI'OOL NURSING DI\'ISION -Assistant Commissione r W. H. Gastall, O.C.l\ l. , B.Sc., carried out the annual inspection of this Division.

The members were under the command of Lady 01\'. upt. l\lrs. Kelsall, who welcomed the In ?fficer , and also the l\layoress who honoured the DIVISIon With her pre ence Practical first aid and home nursing were demonstrated , a well as gas mask drill. There was also an allracti\ L di play of invalid cookery.

The Assistant COllll11issiont'r said ho\\' pleased he was t tl find the Division so eflicient, especially in tile matter of .-\ir Raid Precaut ions. The \\'a 8 strong, -+1 member s being V.A. D's., 12 of whom had joinec mobile section

Forty members held the A. R. P. certdicate, two w:n, Grade II instructors, and Lady .\mbulance Officer \\'olstencroft held Grade I certillcate. ,\ cia s was no\\' 111 progress for training other in this subject..

After the inspectiol1, the la) ores certificate s gained in the recent home nursing- and. ex pressed her admiration of the \Vorl" the] 1\ 151011 wa dOII1I,., She said how necessary it \Va for eVery woman to underg c a course of training in the subjects taught to the She a.lso mentioned the fine work done by the :'Iledlca l Comforts Depot run by the Di\ision.

PRESTON CORPs. - The ;\la\ or and :\la)oress of Presto! were present at the annual in of the ur ing Division s of the Preston Corps at the Chapel \\'alk II adquarters 0 1 June 1st.

The members paraded under Lady orrs upt. Moore, and marched past before giving a demonstration ('If practical work.

."

T Following his inspection, A Istant Comlllt: lOner \\. Gastall said that the Preston Corps \\'a carrpng out all Its duties in a very creditable manner.

During the evening, a King George Coronati on was presented to Corps Surgeon T. H. C Derham by Colonel Trimble vVarrants of olllCe were hande d to Lady Corps upt. l\liss Moore a nd O fficers Miss Fieldin a and 1\lrs. White. s h.. h I I' 0 I " received the I' \\'ood " Rose Bowl, and t le er lam C u p. The" Tou l man " Cup and Cadet Efficiency wer e won by J oan Evans, a.nd the winners of the cadet prizes wer e M. Garth, V. Murray and !\t. Singleton.

The Corps was pleased to welcome District Officer J Becconsall, of the Commandery of lew who wa s visiting this country for the Coronation and] ubdee of the Brigade

No 5 DISTRICT, S. J. A. B. HARROGATE V.A.D. INSPECTlON.-On Wed n esday, 5th, the V.A. D. formed by the Ha r rogate D i vis ion had Its annua l inspection, when 33 mem bers of the tota l of 37 were on parade.

The Inspecting Office r s were Major-Genera l T ab u teau, D S.O., R.A., M.C., and B r igad ier-Genera Sandys, C.Bci , C.M.G., County Controller, for the War Office; a n d La y District O ffice r Miss Herdman fo r the Bngade . . 1

After the inspection, the members were give n pr actlca

Where service must be lasting UNlrAILING

fn o r d inary mo tori ng , b rilli an t b ut un ev e n performance is a poor substitute for last ing dependa b ility. In am b ulance wo rk, it is no s u bst it ute at a" In other words , a car should be a soun d investmen t - b ut an am b ulance must be . The 18 h . p . and 20 h. p. Austin A m bulance give, year - in year- o ut, unfailin g henc e their popu larity w it h large hosp ita ls an d munici palities. Ru nning- cost s an d ma int e nanc e -cos t s are except ionall y low : hen ce their po p ularity w ith n u rSi ng-ho mes an d s ma ll hosp itals And they hav e be en d e signed a nd im pr ove d in coll a borati on w ith doctors and hosp ital boards: hence their u p-to-date eqU i pment, ven t ilati o n, sus pe ns ion, ar rang e ments for e as y loading and easy cleaning , etc. W ri t e fo r catalogue an d p ri ces, o r ask us fo r a demonst r ation.

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Body of best English ash and oak, aluminium-panelled durability and easy cleaning. Semi·elliptic, zincInterleaved springs on non,lubricated shackles for the patients' utr:nost comfort. Wider unobstructed' doors for quick entr y and exi t of stretchers. Tr iplex toughened glass through ou t Ample venhlatlOn. Full and o ff ici3.lly approve::! interior equipment. Special fillings as required. P rices on application.

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THE AUSTIN MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, LONGBRIDGE, BIRMINGH AM

FIRST

or::! 1 te ts by Ge n era l T ab u t a u , w ho later a id th at their work wa of a \'ery h ig h sta n da rd

A g r::!tifying report w as g i\'en by B r ig.-Genera l S a nd ys \\'ho them on their gene r a l s m art n ess a nd efficiency.

Herdman, w ho had been unable to in pect t h e detachment for 2:; years, was astonished at the inc r ease in membership and efficiency shown.

8 DISTRICT, J .A B.

£'\STBOURl'\E 1\ L.:R Dl\ ' ISIO N. - T he smart ness a n d efficiency of this 1\ ursing Divi ion we r e ac k nowle d ge d i n high terms by Lady Distr ict Officer Cou n tess Brassey a n d ;\liss E. T anner, Matron of the L eaf Hosp ital , at t h e a nnu a l inspection which took place at the R aih,'ay \V elfare R oom 011 Thursday, i\lay 27th. The Nu r sing Cadets w er e a lso in pected and they, too, ,,'e r e complimented on thei r progress

The members gave a demonstration of transpo r of injt.:red persons, followed by first aid and roller bandag in g :\fter expressing the pleasure the "is it afforded her, Tanner spoke appreciatively of the a sistance gi\'cn at the Leaf Ho pital each week by members of the Di \,is io n Their work at the ho pital was of a h igh standa rd an d t h e help they were gi\'ing far exceede d t h e expectat i ons of the hospital authorities. he was s u re she co u ld find room fo r more members to attend.

Countes Brassey congratulated the members on the ir excellent turn-out. They were a credit to the ir office r s

Earlier in the evening, the nursing cadets were inspected and gave a display of practica l work u pon which they were warmly complimented

HILL DETA ClIMENT, B.R.C.S

1\l iss Martin, matron of the \Vood Green and So u thgate Hospital, recently examined this detachment of the So u thgate Division of the B. R.C.S . in home nursing. Twenly-seven ladies sat for the examination and the results just to h and show that all passed the practical written and oral tests.

This pleasing result has led to the definite register i ng of the first detachment of the Society in this Borough, the loca l President being the -\lderman H erbe r t\Vauthie r , J. P.

Following the home nu r sing course, a large n u mbe r of members sat for their first examination in first aid i n chem ical warfare, and again the number of passes ,vas most gratifying. In this particular branch the detachment was inst r ucted by Commandant 1\lrs. D H Deacock.

Items ( D ivisional news and competitions, social, nteresting duties, lectures, etc ), for this page shou d be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Edito r , FIRST AID, 46, CannonStreet, London, E.C 4.

S.J.A. B. Overseas.

TO. 3 DISTRICT (BO?\lBAY)

.\ccording- to the annual report for 1936 there are now 10 Ambulance, 2 Nursing, + Boy Cadet and 1 Girl Ca d et Divisions, the majority of which are situate in Bomhay an d it is proposed to organise these into a Co r ps

Capt. H. S. Waters, I. M. S. , was ap p oi n te d D i st ri ct S u per i ntendent duri n g the yea r.

Ceremonial parades an d in spect i ons we r e h e ld o n Ap r il 4th, when H. E. Lord Brabo u rne, Governor of Bombay, carried out the inspection; on August 30t h , when Si r Ernest Burdon, K.C., I.E., G S.S. J. the Chief Commissioner for India, inspected the Bombay Divisions for the first lime since his appointment. On Decembe r 5th Colonel J. L. S leeman, C.B., C M G Chief Commissioner Br igade Overseas, inspected a parade of the Bombay Div isio n s.

Durin g t h e co mmun a l ri ots m e m be r s of th e Bom bay Di v i io ns atte nd ed 72 7 cas s a nd pu t in 2, 4 62 h o ur s of du Ly. O ver 1, 700 w e r e d ea lt with by th e Di s tri c t. Com p e tili o n s, camp o f in s tru c ti o n , a nd th a nk s fo r ass ista n ce r e nd e r e d co n cl ud es th e r e por t.

On \ pr il 10, 1937, L o rd B r abo u r n e, Gove rn o r of Bombay, carried o u t h is t hird and l a t in spec t io n of the Corps.

Th e in s pect io n took p lace in t h e co m poun d of th e E l p hin sto n e H igh c h oo , 1\ 11'. G. W iles, Asst. COl11mis io n e r , Di s t r ict Sup t. Ca p l. H S \V ate r s, a nd r ece ive d t h e Gove rn o r o n hi s a rri\'a l. l\lr. \ V il es r e po r te d to lI is E xce ll ency t h e w o rk of the Di vis io n s a nd r efe r re d to t h e new bu ilding to be estab l ished in co njun ct ion wi h the R ed Cross

L or d Brabo urn e, after distrib u ting 'en'ice I edals and Ba r s a nd co m pet i lio n prizes, congratu lated the members on the d isp lay g i\ en d u r i ng the proceedings

Hi Exce ll ency r efer r ed t o the que tion of a new building a nd appea led to t h e ph il anthrop ic citizens of BombR)" to com e forward an d he l p lI e a lso pa id a glo\\ ing t r ibute to th e B ri'fade fo r t h e fine e r vice rende r e d during the la CO/11ri ots.

R HO D ES I A.

The an n ual inspection of the Bula\\'a)0 \ mbulance Cln J Nu r sing Divis ions was conducted by Commis ion I' H Chapman, C. B. E., who was accompanied by I\ ' t. COll1missioner Capt H. Allen, District urgcon.\. ;\ l ay, D ist r ict S u pt. A. Morgan, District Onlcer \\ ', J Rastal l and Corps Ofllcer \T \ u stin.

Th e r e was a good turn out of member'), \"Ctrious dr ill m ove m ents performed and br ief tests held.

Th e pre ented \'arious gain ed d u ring the past year and also a St. J ohn cane to Pte. \\ St u art who ""as adjudged the martcst Il1RIl on pMade.

The second competition between the Cllisbury a nd Bu lawayo Di\ ision was held during Ea ter wh en the forme r team ga ined points against 174J.

Asst. Comm issioner Capt. H Allen announced th e resu lts, 1\1rs. Allen p I e enting the rrizes.

A spec ia l prize was awarded 1\ l rs. \ \'. de Villiers (captai n, Sa lisbury team) fo r he r excellent control of team; the I'c st individ u al prize to M r s \ V. \ \'olhuter, of Bula\\,HYo.

FOUND - S mall si l ve r medallion 1\0. 412869; sm al: ilver me d allion, made into a brooch, No. 32l'l723. Owner ,; can obtain same from Ambulance Orlicer W \ \'. Brigt;s, b 7, Adela id e -st r eet, B1ackpool.

Messrs. E and S Li \ ingstone, of 1 6-17, Teviot-pla cc, E di nburgh, 1, have rece n t l y issued a new catalogue of 1edi ca l Nursi ng and Scient ific Books, cop ies of which Illa be obtai n ed free on app l ication

The an n ua l inspection of the Sout!1\\"o ld ;\ l en's and Women's Detachments, B R. C. , was h e ld on Jun e 3rd , L t.-Co l. W L. E. F r etz, K A.l'r l. C. an d Mr Copp in g-Ilill, Asst. Co un ty Director fo r S u ffo l k, be in g t h e in specting office r s.

I n th e an n ua l competit io n fo r th e "Stewa r t" c u p at Wombwe ll, o n Sat urd ay, Ju ne 5t h, a team represe n t in g th e Worsboroug h N us in g Di vis io n , won first p lace h o n ours.

T he compet ition was staged in Kin g's-roa d Schoo l s un der the dir ect io n of [ rs. Di cke n so n , o f t h e vVombwe ll Nu rsing D iv is ion.

" Will it smart? "

No, it wo n'l s m a r t. N ot if it' s Spha g no l pea t o in t m e nt. For S ph ag n o l is a nd coo lin g fr o m th e ve r y fi rst to uc h . T h e sec r et is th e a n t isept ic peat d isti ll a t e which yo u o nl y Gnd in. p h ag no l. A wars ca rr y a t in w i t h

\O U when yo u r e on du ty. Of a ll dress in gs Sph ag n o l s kindest to the sk in. phag n o l cos ts 1/ 3 and (ex tra s iz e t in) 2 -.

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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Qu eries will be dealt with under the following rules : -

I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the cnrrent issue at the J nurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-Thr: Tex tbook, to which relerence may be made in this column is the 38th \1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid

;\lEMBERS OF DEWAR TEAl\IS.

J. P. (Weymout h).-Will you please tell us the number of Officers or N.C.O's. allowed in teams competing in the Dewar Shield Competition? vVe, the members of th e Division, have al\\'ays been und e r the impression that only one Officer or C. O. was allowed; but looking at the photograph on page 253 of the April issue of FIRST AID, we note that the winners of this year's competition, namely, the Wolverton Team, appear to have an Ambulance Offi ce r and a Corporal in their team.

Unde r a ruling made subsequent to the publication this year of the Conditions of the Dewar Shield Competition, a Corporal may be substituted for one Private, with the sanction of the Chief Commissioner.-N. CORBET FLET CHER

HOWLER

R. D. (Kensington}.-In a recent examination I asked a candidate how she wo uld treat an infant who \"as in a fit. You may imagine my amusement when she r eplied in all seriousness ;-" Subm erge the in/ant in a bath oj hot wafer and run hoi-foot fo?' a doctor! II You may not be surprised to hear that this ca ndidate made other stupid mistakes and was not awarded the first aid certificate of the Association.

Good! Next, please! !- N .C. F.

ABDOMINAL \V OUND AND COl'\ CEALED BLEEDING.

D.A. (i\leasham).-I would lik e you please to dear up the following point. In you r answer to a query published, under the abo\'e title, in the l\1ay issue of FIRST AID you gave instru ct ions that ice to suck or cold water to drink should be administered in an injury to the kidneys accompanied by concea led bleeding. On looking up p. 123 of the Textbook I note that under" Treatment of Injuries to Kidney II the instructions a re to keep patient quiet until the doctor arrives and to app ly col d over the painful or injured part an d that there i s no mention of giving such a patient ice to suck or col d water to drink.

As you have looked up the T extbook, I suggest that you again look at my answer to this query. Then you will find that you have misread my ruling- which, in point of fact, read ;-" In these circumsta nces I cons id er that it would be

TR EATMENT OF POISON I G BY PRUSSIC ACID.

P.L. (Wellington, New Zealand).-Please tell me if it is good first aid to admin i ter an emet ic in a case of Pru ss ic Ac id Poi oning?

Prussic Acid is a potent ner ve poison. vVh eth er swa llowe d , inh a led or applied to broken skin or mu cous membr a n e, its efferts on the Brain Centres, which cont ro l breathing and circ ul at ion, may be a lm ost instantaneous a n d death may take place in a state of collapse within wo minutes. Th e efTects depend entire ly on the potency of the solution of Pru sic Ac id.

If, however, life can be pre erved for half.an-hour, th ln , the e limin ation of the poison being as rapid as its absorpti l n, reco\'e ry is almost certain. Prus ic Acid is not a Corr os e Acid; and administration of an emetic mu t be immed i te provided that the patient is c(lnscious and able to swallo\\'. N.C.F.

RESPO SIl.lIUT\ · FOH rREET \ cUnl':Nl

F. H. (l\l aesycwmmer}, - On looking through Illy back II 11bers of FIRST AID I was much interested in your ans :e r to the query published under the above heading in he J ul y 1936 issue From your statement of fact I tf {e it that a police officer (whether a qualified fi rst aide r or not), as the representative of the law, i the right per n to take charge of an emergency in the stre t or pu l'ie place and that in this capacity he has the right to tr a doctor in a simi lar manner.

r WJuid also like to ask two que tion - Wa it fdi r to c riticise adversely the claim of the first aider t W.t the patient should be placed "head first" in h e ambulance when there is no mention in the T('xt b l1 k of an ambulance which requires patient to be l oal ed " feet first"? Again did the policeman have the r i -hl to interfere with their treatment of the case when I,e accident happened (and was treated) in their own sl'd and not in the street o r a pub li c place ?

As I stated in my answer to whi c h you refer, the po Cl' officer is the right person to take charg-e of an emergen c. in the street or other publi c place; and Ill" is within hi rights if he sees fit to overrule first aiders in their treatn nt of cases. I cannot however, imagine any police ofi l er attempting to interfere with the treat ment suggested by a m e di ca l practitioner; and in point of fau , I have before now intervened in a street emergency a nd, introducing myself as a d octor, I have corrected treat mlnt which was being administered by a police office r to the patient's disadvantage.

Next I deal with your specific questions. First, you do not make it clear whom you credit with "criticisi ng adversely the claim of the first aiders." Certainly I did not as you will realise if you re-read my answer. Further, the T extbook is not concerned with possible types of ambula nces an d describes the method of loa ding su it ab le to that most common ly us e d. eco ndl y, the police office r ev identl y had the right to exercise his a uthority because the first aid ers obeyed him. Though the fact is not stated in the r epor t, 1 took it that this officer was a railwa y p olicema n. -N.C.F

DIAGNOSIS OF Ap OPLEXY.

J.C. (Finchley}. - In a recent competition our team test card read as follows ;-

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AID.

" On a cold winter's night a man staggered in the strept and fell. You are called to the case. Render first aid."

Upon examination of the unconscious state, we found the following contradictory signs and symptoms. The face was liltslled; the eyes bloodslzot; the pupils equally dilated and fixed; the breath smelt strong(v of a/co/wi; the pul e was lull and slow; the breathing steri07'olls; there was no hmpness of the body, and the temperature was raised. The man was neither old nor young-age 4S.

At the end of the test (15 minutes) the pupils \"ere still equally dilated and fixed. Can you tell us in what edition of the Textbook we would find the above? There were 25 marks fo:- the diagnosis of Apoplexy. One team guessed right and won the competition by one point. The judge said the patient was not and never had been suffering from the effects of alcohol. ]f there is a delayed action of the pupils in Apoplexy, why does not our Textbook tell us so? Do you think the above a fair test of our merits as good simple first aiders? We welcome your opinion on this point and \ve thank you in anticipation.

The Textbook, on p. p. 161 and 162, classifies Alcoholism under the causes of Collapse and g-i\ es the signs and symptoms as giddiness, tendency to fall, rapid and "veak pulse, quick sighing and irregular breathing, palE: face, and cold clammy skin. Consequently, I cannot see that you have any cause for complaint! !

As a fact, the picture given is typical of Apoplexy in its early stages, during which dilatation of pupil and paralysis of one side of the body are not necessarily present. The Textbook description of this disease is, thetefore, faulty beca use it reacts " is "whereas "may be" is more true to life and Apoplexy!

By the way, you seem to have erred in that you pinned yo ur faith (and your diag-nosis) to one solitary sign-to wit, the reaction of the pupils. Remember that "one swallow does not make a summer" and that one sign does not make a composite picture of the emergency. In brief, on this occasion yo u shared the misfortune of the young house physician who now and again makes the same error, wins a startling paragraph in the evening press and gets into trouble with the coroner! !-N.C.F.

rR EATME T OF BLEEDING FROM STOMACH.

A. P. (Ontario, Canada).-Please explain for me the reasons why the Textbook on p. 116 tells us to "give nothing by mouth" in all cases of bleeding from stomach. Bleeding from the stomach may be due to ulceration of the stomach wall. ConsequE'ntly is to be given by mouth lest you bring about increased activity of the stomach muscles and aggravate the bleeding already present, even if you do not actually precipitate perforation of the wall and escape of the stomach contents into the abdomen, whereby the srock, associated with the bleeding from the stomach, would be vastly increased.-N.C.F.

COMPLICATED FRACTURE OF CLAVICLE.

W. R. (Barnsley).-What treatment should I give to a man suffering from a Complicated Fracture of the ltEt Clavicle with the broken ends penetrating the Subclavian artery? Your answer on this problem will be greatly appreciated.

If you cannot slip your thumb behind the broken clavicle and the subclavian artery against the first rib, I

fear that the patient is beyond first aid. Of course, you will have to keep up digital pres ure until you succeed in obt ain_ ing medical aid for your patient. - N. C. F.

HUi\[OUR [N FIRST \ro.

P. N. (Northern certain member of an Am bulance Division had an exalted opinion (not share d by his colleagues) of his capabilities of a first aider. One day he was boasting that he owed all that he wa s in this respect to his Divisional Surgeon. This rem ar k opened the way to the Wit of the Division who r arred out :- " IVI,y not scnd lzilll a postal orderjor sixpf'1lce and settle tlze account P" Alas, since that day those have not spoken to each other!

Good! ext, please!

!-N.C. F.

TREATl\IE 'T OF POISOl\Il\ G

A. O. (Burton-on-Trent). - In a recent Colliery Ambu lance Competition in this district one of the questions in the viva-vocp section wa :-

"This man has taken a dose of linim ent in mistake for cough mixture, how would you tr 'It him? "

Most of the teams were puzzled; and some ot the competitors sa.id that this quesli0n could n N be answered from the Textbook. fyown opinion is that the question was perfectly fair and that the an swe r should be based on the General Rules for the TrE'at n nt of Poisoning (Textbook pp. 172-174), s ince the que s on did not state what kind of poi on was conta ined in 'li liniment.

Your opinion is 'quite correct, and the question a good one. I n a case of poisoni ng- by mou th the mai n i sue to a first aider is the state of the patient's lips and m outh, whether burned or not burned. On this fact depend s both the diagnosis and also the appropriate fir t aid treat ment. Only when you know the actual poi on, can you admin i fer its reputed antidote. - N.

C. F.

E LLAND DE IONSTRATIOl': AND GALA. -Anlhulance Competition for the "Dempster" Ambu lance Shield will take place on Saturday, July 10th , 1937. rir t three prizes to the value of £10; if more than 20 enl 'iE's four prizes. Three special prizes will be awarded t o the individual competitors gaining the highest number of m arks outside the prize winning teams. Entries clo e July 7 h, 1937. Open to all teams, Association or Brigadl'. Er ry forms on application to H. Horsfall, 30, G('or" -s treet, Eiland, Yorks. Cheap fares L. 1.S. Rly. N.B. -Ellnnd Brigade will not compete.

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There a re c hapter s on ;-

INFLAMATION GENERAL NURSING

HAEMORRHAGE BANDAGING

WOUNDS FEVERS

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INDEX.

Air Raid Precaution Decontamination and Cleansing Station, 16.

Air Raid Precautions, 72.

1 EWS CUTTINGS FROM THE PRESS ;-

Bee Upsets Car, 39.

Boy saved by Window Sash, 39.

Dangers of Throat Tablets, 39.

Drove Express 'with Fractured Arm, 39.

Kitten Kills Sleeping Baby, 39.

:Alan Pulled from Live Rail, 39. Shock for First Aider, 39.

American Red Cross, 214.

An Excellent Competition Record, 332.

A.R.P. Equipment, 125.

A.R.P. Personnel, 186.

A.R.P. Staff-Work for Rankers, 67, 125.

A.R.P. "Train "-ing Unit, 179 B

Birth of Scottish Air Ambulance Service, 42. Blood Transfusion in T ew Zealand, 261.

British Red Cross Society, 293.

Changes in the ew S.J,A.A. Textbook, 194, 222. Circulation, 35. " C1ydebuilt" Stretcher, The, 66. Colliery Ambulance News, 10, 41, 74. Commercial Transport Exhibit io n, 123 .

"YIarking Sheet, No. 50, 71.

Devon V.A.O. Becomes Air-Minded, 74. Drunkenness, 63.

Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Districts Ambula.nce League, 126, 228.

EDITORIAL ;-

Annual Report of the B.R.C.S., 1.

Annual Report o f the S.J.A.B. Overseas, 81. A.R.P. in the Home, 221. Cost of Road Accidents, 249.

Greetings-and Wishes, 137. Is A.R.P. Ousting First Aid? 277. Looking Ahead, 25.

1tIixed Classes, 165.

Salute to Surgeons, A, 109. S.J.A.B. Annual Report, 305. Unity is Strength, 193.

Why Learn First Aid? 53. ExaminIJ.tion of a Patient, 158,

INDEX.

AMBLILANO. EWS ;13arnicy W.R. Divisioll, ] 74. City of Birmillgham Special Cunstabulary, 125. City of London, 151. City of London Special Constabulary, 15, 125, 316. Metropolitan, 15, 124, 151, 260, 294. North Riding Constabulary, 174 Police National Competition, 1938, 174, 205, 234, 259, 315. Stockport Borough, 174.

}' ,r of Bristol Authority, 120.

1'('\cTfCAL POl TS:-

Child trangled by Safety Strap, 186. Dangers of Camphor, 43. Life by Freezing, 43.

Lives avec! from Drowning, 43. 'oldier Bitten by Adder, ] 6.

Extracts from the :Man ual of Instruction for the Ro;..a \ aval Sick Berth Staff, 27, 54, 138, 166, 250.

Gas in Tabloid Form, 43. Gas Poisoning, 42.

Home Service Ambulance Committee, 152 Hospitallers' Club, The, 112, ]52, 202, 223, 256. Hospitals, Nursing, 1Iidwifery and Public Health Exhibiti ol and Conference, The, 242.

Infection of Fingers and Hands, 179. International Red Cross Conference, 16th, 27Q

l-:ing'. Birthda} Honours, 31-1

Lady Hospitallers' Club, The, 112, 223.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; A Record? 40, 72, 156. Absence of Divisions, 40. Lowest Medallion Number, 156 Posting of otices in Lecture Rooms, 261. Promotion in the Brigade, 40. Too Many Medals, 40, 72. Visits to the London Hospital, 156. Winterbourne Gunner Ant-Gas School, 261.

Fire Brigades Association, Surrey District, ]53. Road Passenger Transport Ambulance A sociatioJl 3, 214, 281, 308.

New Ambulance of the S.J.A.A. Invalid Transport, 270. New Competition for London, A, 178. New Textbook of the St. John Ambulance Association, 190.

Order of St. John, 3, 316. Our Nurses' Pages, 14, 44, 69, 100, ]28, ] 54, 182, 210, 238, 266, 296, 324.

Pen-Friendships, 167. Phosgene Poisoning, 174.

Poisonous Pl?,nts, 200, 230, 268, 293, 300 .

Schafer's Artificial Re piration, 300. Shock from Abdominal Injury, 274.

Signs and Symptoms of Epilepsy, 132.

Silvester's Artificial Respiration, 300. Smelling Salts, Use of, 274

Student's Error, A, 78.

Surgical Spirit for Iodine, 218

Swelling of Tissues of Throat, 216. Thanks to the Doctor, 104.

Tourniquet to Forearm, 246

Transport in Case of Fractured Ribs, 76.

l'. lll cess Mary's Royal Air Force 1·ursing' en-ice Reserve, 214.

Points of chafer's Method, 2. I' riu ry for \Vales, 8, 33, 61, 91, 11 , 145, 172, 201, 229, 257, 2 7, 313.

Q ll lIIES AXU ·...,\\'EI1S TO CORRESPONDl-.NTS ;- -

J\uuuminal \Vount! With Fractured Thigll, 160. \ction of Tillcture of Iodine, 188.

Action \\iLll SL'\ t:reu Femoral Artery. 7b.

, \dmini t ration of Hot Pack, 244.

J\dmini tration of Oxygen, 246.

Administration of Permanganate, 328.

Aids to Lccturers, 190.

J\rmsling for \\ 'ound of Arm, 132.

Arterial Bleeding from Burnt Palm, 244

A phyxia "ith Arterial Bleeding, 106.

Bed for Operation Ca e, 76.

B ites of nakes and Rabid nimal., 21K

B rigadt: Final- and the Textbook, 190. Causati()ll uf l \ir Hunger, 78, ( hanging of 1.0>\\ t:r hed, 76.

Co mpreslon of Facial Artery, 48.

I lefinitlOn of Pressure Point, 300.

De c:iptiol1 of \1 tificial Respiration, 1()()

I \[arkin g Sheets, 302.

I llagram of. charn's ?\lethocJ 246

1 "aminatiol1 J awler, 20, 48, 76, 104, 132, 160, 1 8, 210, 24-1, 272, 300, 328.

F aulty heet, A, 24-1.

Fracture of Fcmur and Cru hed Foot, 244 .

Fractured Clavicle and Di located Elbow, 160

Haemorrhage from Internal Organ, 106, 188, 216.

Humour in First Aid, 50 78 104 134 162 18 21 246 274, 328. ' , , , , , ,

Iodine in Treatment of Wounds, 48. Length of Spinal Corel, 104 Loading on Stretcher, 272.

:'1 ethods of Artificial Respiratioll, 330.

:'11xed Poi ons, 134.

:'Iovements of Head, 48.

Observation on Team Test, 328.

Onset of Collapse, 132.

Onset of Compre sion of Brain 104.

Physical Causes of Shock 20.

Poisoning by Calcium 20.

Poiso nin g by Pru sic Acid 274.

Poisoning by Sodium 160.' with to Stomach, 134

PosltlOn of Bearers, SO.

Profuse Bleeding with Severed Limb 78. Clothing CA.R.P.), 218.

Quahficahons of a First Aider The 76

Quantity: Blood in Body, 272, 30z'.

ResponSibilIty fol' Street Accidents 22 Rhythm of Schafer's Method 302'

Ring Pad Use of, 132. ,.

Scald hy Sealing Wax, 272

Treatment by Proxy, 106. of Aspirin Poisoning, 330. Bleeding from Nose, 216. Burst Varicose Vein, ]88, 32R Camphor Poisoning, 10-4, Concussion, 302. Cyanide Poisoning, 218. Dead or Dying Patient, 272 Fractured Arm at Elbow, 76. Fractured Arm, Involving Elbow, 78. Fractured Elbow, 216. Fractured Forearm, 216 Fractured Leg, 272, 328. Fractured Patella, 106. Fractured Pelvis, 50, 190. Fractured Spine, 132, 216. Fractured Sternum, 162. Fractured Thigh, 302. I nfantile Convulsions, 78 Lung Irritants (A.R.P.), 162. :Mild Chlorine Poisoning, 246. ;-'1 uscular Strains, 188. Oxalic Acid Poisoning, 328. Poisoning, 162. Seizure, 50. Sunstroke in Competition, 20, 48. Team Test, 188. Venomous \\'ounds, 330. " \Vounds of Fingers, lOot.

153.

Tunstall' First Aid to the Tnjured and Sick, 153.

Shock-Its Causation and Treatment, 18.

ature and Treatment, 278.

Andrew' Ambulance As ociation, 3, 146.

John Ambulance Association, 26, 82, 195, 315.

John Ambulance Brigade Finals Competition, 280, 307.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS AND DISTRICT REPORTS :-

Brigade Headquarters, 29, 56, 85, 113, 168, 196, 224, 252, 282, 309.

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District, 4, 29, 56, 85 1 113, 140, 168, 196, 224, 252, 282, 309.

No II District, 4, 57, 87, 115, 169, 225, 253, 284, 310.

No. III District, 4, 29, 57, 115, 142, 169, 197, 225, 310.

No. IV District,S, 58, 87, 116, 143, 225, 254, 284, 310.

No. V District, 5, 30, 58, 88, 170, 198, 225, 254, 284, 311.

No. VI District, 6, 30, 89, 116, 144, 170, 198, 226, 255, 285, 311.

No. VII District, 31, 58, 116.

No . VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District, 6, 31, 59, 89, 116, 144, 171, 199, 226, 255, 285, 312.

No. IX District 32, 60, 117, 226, 255, 286, 312.

No. X District, 32, 60, 90, 117, 199, 227, 286.

Irish Free State District, 286.

Northern Ireland (Ulster) District, 60.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, 13, 90, 158, 173, 279.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Surgeons' Week-End Conference, 110. St. Marylebone Open Competition, 205, 233, 256.

Talent at St. John's Gate, 202 .

T.C.P. Antiseptic, 281. Tea for Burns, 209. Thomas's Splint, 288.

Up-to-date First Aid, 96.

Wimbledon Ambulance Festival, ]95.

Illustrations.

Decontamination and Cleansing Station, 16.

Bnstol Centre S.J.AA Annual Competitions, 26.

Bristol Docks Annual Competitions in Progress, The, 120. New Ambulance of the Invalid Transport, S J.AA, Exterior and Interior, 270.

POLICE :-

Brighton Borough Police receiving the CI Pim" Trophy ,

PRIORY FOR WALES:-

Brecknockshire Centre Cadets at the Annual Inspection, 91.

Bruce, The Hon. John H., 33.

First holders of Grand Priors Badge in the Welsh Priory, 9. Fudge, M r. A G. E. J., 33.

Headquarters of the Priory for Wales, 201. Jones, Dr. D. Rocyn, 33.

Lewis, Lady (Herbert), 33.

Llanbradach Division, A.R.P. Class of the, 8. Penyrheol Divisional AR.P. Unit Inspection, 34. Pontygwaith Ambulance Hall, 313.

Priory Nominees at the Civilian Anti-gas School, Falfield, 62.

T.R.H. The Duke and Duchess of Kent in Cardiff 118 119. ' , Welsh Inter-Railway Ambulance Competition, 145.

RAILWAY AMBULANCE:-

Inter-Railway Competition: Crewe Works, L.M.S. , receiving championship shield from Sir Josiah Stamp, 317.

G.W.R.: Shrewsbury Women's Team, 320.

L.M.S.R.: Interior of AR.P. Lecture Coach, 179. London "C" Team receiving Women's Championship Cup, 321.

Wolverton "A" Team L.M S. Championship Winners, 290.

L.N.E.R.: Bishopsgate "B" Team Receiving the G.E. Championship Cup, 263. Kings Cross Loco Team Receiving the G.N. Officers Cup, 263. Presentation of Special Meritorious Awards 265.

S R.: Horsham CIA" Team Champions of Southern Railway, 291. Shield presented by Sir Herb e rt \Valker, 66

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE:-

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District :Col. J. T. Woolrych Perowne inspecting the Parade at the opening of the Harrow Div. New Headquarters, 114.

Laindon and District Division, 85.

No. 47 (Willow Walk) Division, 37.

Pasco, District Officer George Sydney, 29. Southall Division, Annual Dinner, 141. Stallard, Supt. F. E., 196.

Ware, Supt. N. J., No. 13 (Kings Cross, G.N.R.) Divisi on, 142.

No. II District:Bedminster Down Division, 57. Fareham Division, 253.

Pepler, Supt. Box Division, 87.

No. III District:London Brick Co , Ltd , Corps, 148. Northampton, Dedication of New Ambulance at, 143 .

No. IV District:-

Liverpool Corps Officers' Mess First Annual Dinner, 143.

No. V District:Baker, District Officer R. H., 285. Fenton, Corps Supt. M. B., 285. Leeds Central Y.M.C.A. Division Competition Team, 284.

Members of Armley and Wortley Division at Armley Feast, 59.

No. VI District:Coulson, Amb. Officer G. A, 285. Hetton-le-Hole Competition Team, 311. New Headquarters of the Dean and Chapter Colliery Division, 88.

Novocastrian Division, 144.

No. IX District:Parkstone Nursing Division Competition Team, 326.

No. X District:Annual Dinner of the Letchworth Division, 227.

First (Ipswich) Division, 89.

Surgeons' Conference (S.J.AB.) Dinner, 111.

Walmsley, Richard, 10.

Watkin, George, Secretary of the Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland District Ambulance League, 180.

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of A mb ula nc e \ Vo rk if tll its branches, the Ed i to r invites ],eade rs to send Ar ticles an d I'e ports on subje c ts pe r tain ing to the M ovement a nd a lso w elcomes !; 19gestions for Pract ical Papers.

All IZeports, ,c., s h ould be add r essed to the Ed i tor a t t he d dress below, and should r e ach h im befo re the 12th of each mo n t h, nn d must be accom pani ed (Jlol Jlt:CeHar lj' for pllblication) by t h e r. me and addre's of the Co rre spondent.

Sub;c riplions, A d\'erti,ements and other b u ine s Commu n ic a ti ons c '1necled with I 1 R ST A I D sho ul d be for wa rded to the P ubl sh e rs D LE, I E\-NO L D S & Co., L TD. , 46, CA'\'\O'\; fREET, Lo :mo;-.l E.C.4 Teltgra/,Izic 'iwa l),-jflur, LOJldon."

7i. ltpl,om- ClI)' 37 J (1.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

E mTORIA L :-

:\nnua l R eport uf th e B. R C

P rincipa l P oi n t of 'c h afe r' l et h o d 2

"'rder of t. J o hn 3

• ,tliona l R oa d Pa se n ger T ran po r l ,\ lll b ul a n ce

,\ssoc iat io n 3

S t. ;1ndrc w 's \m bu la n ce. \ oc iatio n 3

• . J . A.B . H ea d q u a r le r s a nd Di tri c t R e po rt of

I riory for \,v a les

Lollier), ,\m bu la n ce e w s

Rai lway A m b ul a n ce e \\ '

S.] B. O ve r seas

Our N ur ses' P ages

Police A mbul a n ce N e w s Com in g E vents

\ir R a id Pre ca uti o n D eco nt a min a ti o n a nd Cl ea n s in ,r

S tat io n '" Ca u sa ti o n and Tr ea tm e nt

QUERIE S AND AN S WERS T O CORRESPOND E NT S _

Tr eatm e nt of Sun s troke in Comp e titi o n

Examination Howler

Ph ys ical Caus e s o f Sho c k .. .

P o iso nin g b y Ca lcium Carbide

R es pon s ibilit y for Street Accid e nt s

V a ri e ti es of J o int s

Rev ie ws

EDITORIAL.

D CRI 'G 1936 the V.A. DeAN NeA L R EPORT tachments increased by 26 (2 2 OF THE B.R.C.S. women, 4 men), the total personnel being 2 2,8 24 against 21,989 of 1935. Red Cross Detach men ts also increased by 14 women and 11 men, bringin g the total to 20 2 , with a personnel of 4114, an increase of 335 over the previous year. Air Ambulance Detachments now number five, with a personnel of 4 2

\iVith this increased personnel, it was now possible to give additional a5sistance to the general public, and durin g 1936 numerous functions were covered at which e x cellent service was rendered b y the mem bers.

Considerable progress has been made in the special trainin g and organisation in preparation for defence agai nst aerial warfare. By the end of 1936 members had g ained the following awards: 15, 22 0 elementary certificates, 2 ,81 2 advanced, 7 proficiency b a d g es, and 15 9 bars. I n addition, 51 officers qualified as First Class Instructors at Falfield, and 3 8 at \iVinterbourne Gunner, seven of the latter passing with distinction.

The Clinic for Rheumatism dealt with 103,147 attendances, which figure is the highest over any previous y ear. The accommodation available was taxed to the uttermost.

The calls on the Blood Transfusion Service increased by 514, with an average of 100 caIls per week. There are now 3 2 affiliated services in the provinces, and these answered 904 calls.

In the Junior section the approximate membership is over 31,000, including Links abroad. The annual report deals with the general services of the Society and reports from the County Branches, Overseas, and the financial statement is also included.

Principal Points of Schafer's Method.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., LB., tIl.R.C.S.

IT is an open secret that in the next edition Schafer's of Artificial Respiration will replace the St. John Prone Pressure l\lethod which figures in the present edition of the Textbook. In view of this fact, the Editor has asked me to summarise the principal points connected with Schafer' Method, which I now take pleasure in doing.

A.-Position for Pe1jormance of Artificial R espiratt'on

To turn an asphyxiated patient into the prone (i.e., back upwards) position which is essential to the performance of Schafer's Method, you should act as follows ;-

(1) Stand at the right side of the patient;

(2) Cross his left leg over his right leg;

(3) Extend both his upper limbs along the sides of his body;

(4) Place your left hand at the side of his right cheek;

(5) Grasp with your right hand his clothing at the left hip; and

(6) Pull patient smartly over into the prone position.

N. B. - If you take post on the left side of patient, carry out above movements but substitute " left" for" right" and vice versa.

B.-Schajer's Method of Artzjicial Respzl'atz'oll.

To render artificial respiration by Schafer's Method you should act as follows :-

(1) Make no attempt to loosen or remove clothing;

(2) Immediately lay patient in a prone (i.e., back upwards) position, with his head turned to one side so as to keep his nose and mouth away from the ground. No pad is to be placed under patient's head or chest nor need his tongue be drawn out, as it will fall forward naturally. If there are weeds and mud in his mouth, clean these away quickly with your fingers;

(3) Extend both his upper limbs above his head to their fu II extent;

(4) Kneel across or at side of patien t so that your knees are opposite the mouths of the patient's pockets (z".e., at level of pelvis) and sit on your heels;

(5) Place the palms of your hands on the patient's loins, one at each side, your thumbs being parallel on either side of the spine in the small of the patient's back and your fingers extending over his lower ribs;

(6) Bend forward, keeping your upper limbs straight and stiff so that the weight of your body falls on the wrists and makes firm, steady, down-

ward pressure on the loins, and counting slowl y 1, 2, 3 ;

(7) Swing your body backwards, counti ng slowly 1, 2 ;

(8) Pause and repeat these moveme nt s alternately 12 times per minute.

Notes.

(1) It is important to get into a comforta bl e position before commencing the movements. F you are uncomfortable when you sit on your hee L and place your hands on patient's loins, the l quickly move your knees forward or backwa rd until your comfort is ensured.

(2) The weight of your body pressing do" nward compresses the patient's abdomen again st the ground, drives air and water out of his ch s and so produces expiration whereas dra\\ing ba c and relaxing your body produces in pirati OI .. Your el bows must be kept stiff; and the mov emen t must be carried out by a rbyth m ic swing oi your body forwards and backwards.

(3) These efforts to restore life must be continued until the arrival of a medical pract l tioner, because a case has occurred in which li t has been restored after artificial respiration ha d been rendered for eight hours.

(4) \Vhilst artificial respiration is beillCT don e, other useful steps may be em ployed, such as th application of smelling salts or snuff to patient 's nostrils, or flicking patient with a \\ et towel to excite respiration still further.

(5) \Vhen natural breathing begins, regul atl the movements to correspond with it.

C.-ActtOn after Resforatz"01l 0/ Breathillg.

After natu ral breathi ng has been re-establ ish eu you should take steps to promote the circulati o n and to keep the patient as warm as possible, as follows ;-

(1) Take steps to remove patien t recu m be nt (on stretcher, if available) to home or shelter, b Lt never let him walk any distance, however short;

(2) Place him in bed, wrapped in war m blankets (which are more efficacious than rugs ) o r other covering;

(3) Promote warmth by hot Oannels, h Ol water bottles and hot bricks (wrapped in flannel ) applied to his feet, limbs and body;

(4) Rub patient's limbs energetically toward s his heart;

(5) Give hot tea, coffee, or meat extract) bu t first test his power to swallow

(6) Apply to the front and back of his ches t large (but light) poultices or fomentations whic h will serve to assist his breathing;

(7) Encourage patient to sleep and keep him in bed till the doctor arri ves ; and

(8) Watch him carefully for some time to se e that breathing does not again fail; and, if it does , immediately re-commence artificial respiration.

FIRST Order of St. John.

TIlE Grand Priory in the British Realm of the V nerab le Order of the Hospital of St. J oh n of J t: us alem held its an n ual festival on Th ursday, Jl1e 24t h. The anniversary service was conU\ by the Rev. E. J. Percival, ub-Dean of H!:l Iajesty's Chapels Royal, and the sermon was p rea ched by the Bishop of Durham, a , ub-Prelate of the Order, to a crow 'e el conaregation.

The members of the Chapter-General, prec de d by the hair of His :\Iajesty's Chapels Ro\' al and the haplai ns, wal ked in procession the Chancery at St. J oh n 's Gate to the C11ur ch.

rHter the service the General Assembly of the Orde r WciS held ill the Clupter Hall at t. John's Gdte , Lieut.-General Alymer Hunter \Veston, the Chan ellor, presiding.

L e tters \\en.: read from H.H..II. the Duke of Con naught, rand Prior, and :\Iajor eneral the of Scarbrough, Sub-Prior, regretting their in bility to be present on account of their recent inJisro sition.

\Iajor-General Sir Per ivaI \Vilkinson, ecr and Di rector of the Am bulance Depa rtment, alonel J. T. \V. Perowne, Chairman of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital at Jerusalem Colonel E. J. King, the Librarian, lajorne ral 'ir John Duncan, Chief Commissioner, t. Jo hn mbulance Brigade At Home, and Col. J. L. leeman, hid Commissioner, St. John } m bulance Brigade Overseas, reported on the w rk of their respective departments during the yea r.

The Chancellor, in replying to a vote of th n ks for presiding, said the absence of H. R. H. thl Grand Prior and of the ub-Prior was areatly by all present, who wished them both a Sf re dy return to complete health. IIe was very gl d to hear such favourable reports of the work of the Order during the past year. IIe heartily cong ratulated the heads of the various departments cc..n cerned.

N tional Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association.

TilE final of the annual competion in connection with the above Association took place on Sunday, July 4th, in 1\I, nc hester.

The maximum number of marks obtainable for the oral, pr,lct ical and team tests was 615, and the competition resul ted as follows :-

1, Midland "Red" 10tor Services, Traffic Dept., 571 Il1::tr ks; 2, otting-ham ':o rporation Transport, 510; 3, Wa lsall, 501 ; 4, \Vest Yorkshire l\Jotor Services, 477 ; 5, BIrm ingham Corporation Tran port, 469; 6, Huddersfield Corpo rat ion Transport, "H8; 7, Manchester Corporation Tra nsport, 445.

AID 3

Alderman Sir William Davy, the deputy chairman of the Manchester Corporation Transport Committee, was present, and Mr. O. C. Power, Birming-ham, President of the Association, presented the "Stirk" trophy to the Midland " Red" team on behalf of the donor. According to the rules of the Association, the manager of the transfer undertaking winning the trophy automatically becomes the President, and 1\lr. Power, therefore, maintains the office for another year.

Alderman Sir William Davy commented on the usefulness of the Association, and warmly congratulated all teams upon the work, study and self-sacrifice that had been put into the movement in the past, and trusted that their efforts and enthusiasm would continue.

St. Andrew's Ambulance Association.

TlIEIR l\Iajesties The and Queen have been graciously pleased to grant their Patronage to the St. Andrews Ambulance Association.

This message was conveyed to members at the annual general meeting, held on July 2nd.

Sir John Stirling :\Iaxwt>lI, Bt., who made the announcement felt that the honour would be greatlyappreciatt>d by the people of Scotland, and more especially by those connected with the ambui;:lnce movement.

Dealing \vith the annual report, the chairman referred to the large increase of cases dealt with during 1936. In Gla g-ow alone 20,928 patients received attention, and in c rease of nearly 1,500 oYer 1935, the total calls numbering 47,422. The Association has now 60 Branches throughout Sc ot land and all run a motor ambulance service and nearly 50,000 patients were carried.

The Aeroplane Ambulance Service, instituted in 1933, dealt with 42 patients who were brought from remote islands in Scotland to Glasgo\\' for urgent treatment.

Referring to the work of the Ambulance and Nursing Corps, Sir John drew attention to the voluntary services of the members at many public functions.

Over 9,000 certificates of proficiency in first aid and home nursing were awarded during the year. The chairman emphasised the necessity of drivers and conductors of public motor conveyances, and also pri\'ate \'e hicles, being trained in fir t aid.

Road patrol work has been developed and proved most serviceable.

Much prog-ress was made during 1936 in Air Raid Precautions. In addition to the lJ1edical profession 245 officers of the Corps have qualified as instructors and over 3,000 members have received instruction.

In conclusion, Sir John referred to the help received frnm numerous persons, especially the Ladies' Auxiliary who organise collections.

Colonel Mackintosh, Chairman of the Council, referred to the growth of work carried out by the Association duringthe last 25 years. In 1912 there were only 20 Branches against the 60 of to-day; only -I- ambulances in Glasgo,, against 15 ; only 6,000 cases carried against 21,000.

FLAG

DAY PUBLICITY.-The

attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Flag Day and other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

can

attention of the general public to your needs

be

St. John Ambulance Brigade

H e adqu a rt ers and District Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District

The fifteenth Annual Church Parade 5eryicc of the Central Area \\a held on unday, July 4th, at 5t. Clement Danes Church, tram!'

The \Y. Pennington BIckford, conducted the en'ice, the ermon being giYCl1 by the Rey. A. Lombardini. The fir t Ie on \\ as rcad hy Col. J. T. \Yooln'Ch Pero\\l1e (Hospitallcr of the Order)., \\hilst Dr. T. Corl)ct Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Church) read the second.

After thc scryice the paradc, nl1mhcring some 250 members, wa in pected hy PerciYal \ ilkinsol1 ( ecretary General and Dircctor of mbulance), accompanied by the urgcon-in-Chief and Coloncl PerO\\Ilc. A large congrcgation watchcd the proceedlllg-

Xo. 70 (RoY,\L BOROL'CTI OF 17th annual supper and dance \\ 'as held at Seater's Rc tanrant, Kensin o'lo n, Diy. Supt. \\T. A. Sier; presiding. Thosc present included Asst. Commissioncr \Varrcn 11 \Varren, Supt .• tan ley and Bro\\'I1, WIth thellladies, and Capt. and 1Irs. Jouret.

The Diyisional trophie and a\\"ard \\'c re presentcd to the ucces ful mcmbers by 1\1rs. \Varren.

Ko 85 (E.\LIXC) DIYI IOx.-On Sunday, June 20th, members attended diyine seryice at St. Thomas's Church, Hanwell. The lIayor and Mayoress of Ealing-, and othcr members of the Council were present as \\"as Asst. COI11ml SlOner . J. \VarreIl, Di trict Officcr Claridge; Burton, Grccn and :\IcBride.

The later inspected the parade and took the salute at the march pa t.

No. 89 (L.P.T.B.) CORPS .-The annual prescntation of awards to member of the Corps was helel at Baker Street on vVednesday, June 23rd.

This was the occasion the President, 1\1r. G. Hally, had had the opportunity of addressing the members. He thanked them for the honour they had con ferred 011 him.

After the distribution, 11r. H. W. Fruc1iam lectured on (. The History of the Order."

Asst. Commissioner \Varren, who was accompanied by District Officer F. Claridge., outlined the po sihilities for extension of the Corps

No. II District HXMPSIIIRE.

The annual inspcction 0 f Hampshire County was held at Aldershot on Sunday, J1111e 27th, when nearly 1,000 membcrs paraded under A sL Commis ioner 1\Iajor C. G. H. :Morse, vvith County Officer Maj or F. O. Chappell as Brigade r.Iajor. The Tursing Divisions Girl Cadets were uncler thc command of Lady County Officer Mrs. Hayes.

The inspcction \Vas caninl oul hy COllllty C01l1mi ' sioller :Jlajor A. Tenny on-Smith, C.:\I;, and accompanied hy ?-.Iajor-Gcnnal Uowell (Gelleral taU. Alder hot Command), Col. n. Frascr and the or of Alelershot ( lel.]'\ orth).

Follo\\ing the in "pectiol1 I.Io\\ ell, z.t the requc t of the Commissioller, presenled to Lady Corp Officer '\[iss \Viloll, Lady \m\) OffiC l :\li s Phillip _ and Pte. A. (;()llld. A. 1 Cull was unable to he presenL til H'cel\ l' 111.., Ilr..,t har.

The paradc thl'n procecded to tIll' al (;arrisll ll Church, Major TClln)un-.'mith till' '>:lllIk as \l1 l meml)crs left the ill pecti()n ground.

Thc A sistant Chapluin-CellC'ral, tIll' I{l \. \ l;'itch, O,B.E., K.ll.e" gavl' thl' acldrl'ss, pral'>lllg til t work done hy the Rri£?,ade.

Tca \Vas later sen lei and ll1emlJl'rs rl'lul'I1cd to thc lr homcs after a 1110",1 fUllctioll. :'Ilany t(II advantage of the l'x cclkllt s('n'icc prcl\ idl'd I»)," th l Southern Railway \\ hich addeci til thc SIIl'Cl'S S III 111 Illeeting.

Ll.- '01. '. L. ])Ulll1, C. I.E. (J \ss t. County XortllCrt1 Area) \\:t'i rlj)llll,>ihk a rrallgCll1el1t

'r III 111 i fllr 111

No. III District.

On Sunday, July 11th, the annual inspe ctio n of th e Birmingham County was held in the grounds of th · Birmingham University.

Some 920 oOlcers and members of the Ambulan c Divisions were insrected by Dr. Corbet Fletcher (SU I g-eon-in-Chief), whilst Lady District Surt. lis A. ;\1 \Nalker (No. 1 District) inspected about 360 nurses wh ) paraded in the Grand Hall.

Col. Sir Bertram Ford, T. D., D. L. (County Commissioner), 'v\. as in charge of the parade, and those prese nl included Earl of Dudley (President of the Centre), the Lord Mayor of Birmingham and Capt. 1- A. Henton \\-Thite.

After a searching inspection, in spite of the wet dri zzl weather, the Surgeon-in-Chief presented awards whic h included 8 Service Medals and 15 Bars including 4 for thirty years' service.

On behalf of the officers and men of the County Si r Bertram Ford presented to the late County Commissioner Capt. J. A. Henton White, a silver coffee service, the tray cf which bore an inscription paying tribute to the 34 work he had given to the Ambulance Movement. S Ir Bertram also made a presentation to County Surgeon E. W. Parsey in appreciation of his untiring service to the Movement.

A Vellum Vote of Thanks was presented to Corps Offi cer A. E. Beech by the Earl of Dudley.

The parade marched past the inspecting officers, Dr. Corbet Fletcher taking the salute. Included in the mar ch past were 15 ambulances, four of which were 4-deckers.

The inspecting officers expressed their satisfaction on the turn-out and on the march past which was most impressive and excellently done.

FIRST

anllual church parade of the Dudley dnd riet Corps \\ as helel Oil Sunday, J unc 27th, when I SO 1lll'Ill1>ers paraded.

\11 \\ as carried out uy County Officer II. \\ho was accompanied by Corps 'upt. A. \ \ri nho\\', Corps Officcr E. Lakin, J. \V. Bourne, and J. A. I I; nis.

()fnCl r..., prl's cnt included Corps II. \ dIll, AR.P. Ofllcer B. Dunn, Supts. v\'. Ollis (Dudley), ( J)a\'ils ('tuurIJridgc), J. vVatkil1s (Brierley Hill), r. Ta j lor (. elhcrton), r. \V. E\'il1sol1 (Tipton), II. Mills '( L) d, Capl. G. JI eathcock, 1\1.l\\. (1-1.E,C., 'j'. ptn l1), P. C. Dl'l1ndt (Midland" Reel" Black Country), r (1\ Supts. :\Iis E. Ollis (Dudley), Mis, \Yakefield (Ki li\ er), and Lady mh. Officer s IIarri (Tipton).

J. I r. .'tockdalc (Diy. Prcsidcnt), \\clcol1lcd thc l!'1 hlrS at the Trinit\ t Church, the sen'ice conducted hy thL -Re\'. J. Opic rm 011. He spoke 011 th l' magniflccllt work dIJne h) mllllber. of the Brio'ade

\\ho \\ tn' L'nnc;tanlly ready at all manncr ()f times and ea. 011 Aftl'r the St 1'\ iCL thc parade marched III the rls tiL:ld \\'hul :\T 1'. :tockdale cnng'ralulall'cl the Curps d: 'ts \\ ()rk. \\'IlC'l1n r hL hac! a ked for the sen'ice of '1' 'l1h ns till' kindness and cn-opcration of the Brigade 11'lt' rLliL\ cd lilt' difficult ie'\ anc! trnuhles. Corp.., Supt. "\ \'oint! the 'orps' pleasure at th( I'rl'SlllCr nf (Ilunty Officer. ch(dit·ld.

1 <llll1lWI ill \llCtlO11 uf the )rthalllptul1 orp:-; \\'a' helel on J ll11L 27lh \\ hen 36 ". ·lhers. Iwadl'd hy the Corp Band (Bandma ter (' ()rg e) marched fmlll the :'IIarht quare to the Terri• ) ia l lIeadquarter.

The IllSPl'l'lioll WitS carricd out hy County (om111: "in ncr Dr. L. \\ ". J)rylanc1, \\'ho \\ as accompanied by ('ll111 ty Olliecrs \\. 11. Perciyal anci F. Holgate mith, :'1 H. E., Lady DIstrict ,'upl. Uar\'c) Reevcs, •. 1<. 1< C., and Lady 'oullLy Officcr l\liss E. 1\Iawby.

The COlllllllSsiolll'f inpectcd all rank and after careiull) thl.: practical work donc, took the salute a he march pal.

Addrcs. ing the parade Dr. Dryland expre sed himself \\ ti l pleascd , ith the mu"tLr) their uniforms, cquipmenL nd the practical \\ ark carried out. He empha ised the IlU d of !.d\'ing extra. alicnt ion A.R.P. as, in the event of lllllrO'cneies ari'ing, mcmbcrs of the Brigade would be called upon to provide per. onnel at fir aid and other Corps up!. \V. E. Edward, M.B.E., \Va in charge of the parade) a isted by Corps Officer E. J. Hayward <11 cl Corps Scrgt.<\[ajor G. Hinc

The divisions all parade and the officcr in command \\'L1-C Headquarters ('lIPt. H. 1. Edward), Borough 1;( ern pectoI' F. pcncc), DaycnLry ( ergt. Gibbon ), L rl s Barton ( crgt. \V. Lord), Towcester ( upt. R. E. Srl1lto n ), Wecdoll ('upt. C. Jones), Cadcts (Corpl. H. 't n rk)

, Thc ursing- Divisions paraded under Lady Corps SllPt. Mi s K. Blandford, A.R.R.C., as follows: Headqya rlcrs (Lady SupL 1is E. Cowley), Ca tilian (Lady Mrs 1. J cnning), pcncer (Lady SliPt. Mrs. S. Daventry and Cadets (Lady upl. Mrs. E. I. Shaw), tcr (Lady 'upt. 1iss R. Beale), vVeedon (Am h. Irs. A. E. Goff), Cadcts-Headquarters Cadet 'upt. [is W. Howe), Towcestcr (Lady Am h. Officcr Miss K. Oldham).

AID 5

No. I V D is t ric t

LANCASHIRE.

WARRINGTON. -Abo ut 240 members of the Ambulance and Nursing Div:sions of the \Varrington Corps were inspected by Col. C. ]. Trimble, C.B., c.l\l.G., Inspecting Officer on the Staff of the Chief Commissioner, on the \\ra rrington Cricket Field at Arpley. He was accompanied by the Mayor and Mayoress of Warrington (Councill.:::r 1- T. Cooper and Miss Dorothy Cooper) and A Asst. Commissioner \\'. H. Gastall.

After the inspection Col. Trimble addressed the Divisions, saying he had always recognised Warrington as being a leading town in the promotion of ambulance work because such a keen interest was taken in it. He stressed the importance of artificial respiration in ambulance work. He was very much impressed with the smartness and tidiness of everyone on parade, including the Nursing Cadets. He expressed his thanks to the l\Iayor and l\1ayoress for their rresence, saying that the fact that they had shown such an interest in the inspection was a great encouragement.

Ll\'ERPOOL-Thc annual Church Parade of thl.: Livcrpool Corp took place on Sunday, June 20th, at St. Luke" Church.

On parade \\'e re 1,000 men and nurses and headed by the Imperial Band they marched to the Church. The leader (Exchange Divi ion) Bugle Band \\ as also in attendance.

Corps Surgeon Murray Cairns read the lesson, whilst Canon J. H. Jordan (Vicar of Allerton) preached an excellent sermon 011" ervice."

Follo\ving' the sen'ice the parade marched past, accompanied by thc City Police Band, Alderman \V. Denton (Lord of Liverpool), taking the salute. Those pre ent included the Countess of efton) \V. G. mith (Commissioner), the Chief Constable of Livcrpool, Corps upt. Col. D. C. Leyland Orton, Lady Corps Supt. Dr. Margaret Joyce, Mr. John Roberts (Secretary, S.J.A.A. Centre), I\I r. C11ar1c Porter, Dr. evins, and others.

POULTON.-On the occasion of the annual Church Parade of the POlllton-le-Fylde Divi iOIl, the ne,,tandard, a gift of 1\Ir . A. Dyer, wife of upt. Dycr, \\"a con ecrated

The Rural Dean and \ricar of Poulton (Re\' \Y. Mellon) conducted the ceremony, A t. Commi ioner \V. H. Ga ta11 r eading the lessons.

Supt. Dyer ,,"a in charge of the Ambulance Divi 1011 with Lady upt. 1\Ir Plant in charge of the nurse,

No. V D istrict

LEEDs.-The 37th annual report and ca h account for the year ended December 31st, 1936, clearly shows that the Leeds Corps continues to do good work for suffering humanity.

At Lhe end of the year there \\-ere 11 Ambulance, 8 ursing and 6 Cadet Divisions, thc personnel being 22 surgeons, 56 officers, 331 N.C.O's and men, 235 ambulance sisters, 48 boy cadets and 44 o-i rl cadets, a total of 6+-+ adults and 92 cadets, The Leeds Corps have 3 men in the R.N.A B.R., 63 in the 1\LH.R.; and 166 nurses in Lhe V.A.D.

Regarding Ai r Raid Precautions, 48 urg eons and o ffic e rs have passed as instructors and they are imparting their knowledgc to the rank and file.

Ul11erous duties were und ertaken, including that at

t. George's Church CrJI:lt,. wl:ere two nurses are on duty eyery night to attend to mJpnes, etc., of the men acc.ommodated there for the night. early 4,000 case.s receIved attention. The total number of ca es dealt WIth by the Corps was 12,508.

Many successes were achieved in the . competltlOn arena, which speaks high for the enthusIasm of the members. £ 00 k

The cost of running the Corps is 1 per wee and an appeal for funds is incorporated III the report.

NOTTll GHAl.I.-The Nottingham .and Stanton Ironworks, Staple ford, and Eastwood the Annual Church Parade, to t. Peter s} Nottmgham} on Sunday June 27th.

The Divisions, numbenng 182 officers and men, marched to the church headed by the ew Basford Salvation Army Band.

The Nursing Divisions assembled outsIde the church comprising of 60 officers and nurses. . .

The parade was under the command of Dlstnct Officer A. G. 'Vell e r, with Corps Officer C;. Lewendon, M.M., as Adjutant, the Nursing bemg under the charge of Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Palmg.

Dr. H. F. Parker, Corps Surgeon , was m commapd of the 1 ottingham Corps, with Corps Officer F. Carner (R). The service was conducted by the Rev. T. A Lee, who referred in his address to the work of the Bngade during and since the Gr e at War, and the members on their proud record of voluntary serVIce.

The Lessons were read by the Ven. H. V. Turner, Archdeacon of ottingham, and the Lord Mayor .of ottingham (Coun. E. Purser) who attended the servIce accompanied by the Lady Mayoress.

After the service the Lord Mayor took the salute at the march past of Ambulance Divisions.

Prior to the dismissal , the Ven. H. V. Turner (Hon. Corps Chaplain to the Nottingham COTPs) presente? a Service Medal Bar to Dlv. Supt. A. ton Division, and congratulated recIpIent on hIS record of over 20 years' Brigade ServIce.

District Officer Weller congratulated the officers and men on their smart appearance and excellent attendance.

No. VI District

NEWCASTLE.-On June 28th members of the newlyformed Novocastrian Division demonstrated .how they would deal with victims of a gas attack. ThIs. was for the benefit of their President, Mr. Samuel. SmIth, who had looked in at their headquarters whIlst a practIce wason. Mr. Smith, who recently made a grant of towards the equipment of the Diyision} was accompamed by Capt. Richard Embleton (ChaIrman, Newcastle Watch Committee). The Div. .Surg.eon Commander Whately Davidson, presented hIm WIth hIS badge of office as Divisional President.

Mr. Smith said he was very proud of hIS appomtment. He extended his generosity by offering to pay for the equipment of another 17 men.

Supt. Stanley Hair, in thanking SmIth generosity , which now totalled £160} saId that durmg hIS 16 years in the Brigade he had never known such generous gift.s .to be showered upon an ambulance division. WIthm the next few months, thanks to Mr. Smith's latest offer, he would be able to tU.rn out not only 40 fully trained men, but also fully eqUIpped. ?uty. Supt. Hair also thanked Capt. Embleton for hIS VISIt.

Major Gavin Mtlir, M.D. (Class Lecturer, SJ.A.A.),

AID

spoke upon the fine qualities the men who had passe d throuo-h hi cIa ses. In all hIS travels he had not foun d an like the St. John.

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District CHANNEL

ISLANDS.

The annual in pection of the J.ersey Division carried out by Commissioner E. A. RIchard J nne Itl i accompanied by Asst. Commissioner H. J. W ngg1c wort h Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, County urgeon J. R. Hanna, and Dr. H. L. Shone (President, S.J.A.A. Centr e).

There were on parade 112 officers, men, \'Yomen a nd cadets with District Officer Aubin in charITe; upt. J. L Lynn 'Lady Supt. 1Ii s 11. 11. Mess e n 'y, Cadet 'V. i. Irving and Lady Cadet Supt. K. M. Pn a g' beino- at the head of their respectIve dIVISIons.

Following the inspection} Mr. A. Cautanche, of Jersey, who had on the day pre: IOu been present u with his badge of office as PreSIdent of thc J erS t Division, took th e alute at the !l:arch pa t. 1f r Cautanche, who accompanied the BaIlIff, \Va pre-;en t ed with a bouquet of carnation by Cadet Joyc e Jesty

All branches of fir t aid work wa dcmon trat ed 1 ) the inspecting officer and his staff.

The Bailiff con g ratulated th e pa rade on I' exceedingly fine turn-out and referr ed to the honour ca ll ferred upon him as President.

Commissioner Richards paid tribute to the work 01 the Divisions. He had been impressed by the o- reat p n gress made by all ranks.

Mrs. Falwasser and As t. Comml .lOn e r Wn gglt .worth also add res ed the parade, Dr. Han n.a expressed thanks to the visiting offiCIals for th clr presence. k

It is worthy to note that Jersey members are rna '1Il g" themselves efficient in A.R.P.} and hav e already 5 Gr ad e 1 Instructors, 10 Grade 2 and 18 certificated member s

The fourth annual inspection of the Guern s Divisions was held on Wednesday, June ?th,. when 0 men women and cadets paraded under Dlstnct Offi L r Capt. G.' A. Steele.

Commissioner E. A. Richards, accompamed by. A s." t. Commissioner H. J. Wrigglesworth and Lady Dlst r t Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, carried out a searching and help ful inspection.

At the conclusion, Mr. RIchards stressed the Imp ol tance of artificial respiration and gave every encour agement to the members to "stick to your work WIth Efficiency as a watchword."

Altogether it was a and visitors loud and sincere in theIr admlratlOn not only of th f parade but also with the thorough ar:d J?ethod s 0 the inspecting officers and No.8 Dlstnct effiCIency.

On Sunday, June 13th, Guernsey's gift to the Divisions of a new ambulance was presented and de dIcated before a large crowd.

The Brigade under Capt.. Ste.ele was first Inspect ed by the Bailiff before proceedmg" mto the Town ChuT ch where the Dean of Guernsey preached an apprapn at 1 sermon extolling the services rendered by the loea Divisions.

The Bailiff handed the dedicated ambulance to .CoJ!lmissioner E. A. Richards, who on behalf of the DIst nc t said how much the gift was appreciated and expres se d the hope that the local divisions would u.se the con:reya ncd to the utmost for the benefit of the SIck, suffenng an needy in Guernsey.

FIRST

Those present at the service inclll?ed. Asst. Commissioner H. J. Wrigglesworth} Lady Dlstnct Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, Dr. A. V. Rose, Amb. Officer J. W. Dear, Transport Officer F. W. Bush} Cadet Supt. Marquand, Lady SllPt. Mrs. A. S. Blicq, Cadet Officer Mrs. Trueman a nd others.

SURREY AND SUSSEX

Once again the Corporation of .Brighton inv!ted the Su rrey and Sussex Units to hold theIr annual ReVIew and Ch urch Parade in their town and this took place on S unday, June 27th, when some 1)200. were on parade.

The Mayor of Brighton, CouncIllor John ROlltley, J. P presided at the official and welcomed to he town Lt.-Col. Sir James HartJgan) K.C.B., C.M.G., S O., Director-General Army Medical Service, Comis sioner E. A. Richard and his staff. He had • lm iration for the self-sacrificing work of the Bngade v'Jo were always efficient without thought of reward. T le ir action was an inspiration to all and an example to everyone.

Sir James Hartigan tated that the work of the I3 Ig ade was essentially a work of peace, but one must be p repared for emergencies. II e referred to the work of members during the war.

Commis ioner Richards thanked the Mayor and Co rporation for their hospitality. The .ser:,ices of ·he Brigade were freely glyen and the organIsatIOn was an a et to any social en-icc of any Borough or Town.

The parade was drav,,-n up in five battalions along tl-c l\Iadeira Drive, and on arrival of the inspecting t e General Salute and It The King" having been given t e inspection commenced.

ir James was accompallled by the s t. Commissioner Wriggle worth, and Lady DIstnct p t. Mrs. Falwas er. Other officers on parade included A istant Commissioners J. P. Flavin and D. Bryce, J.P.

After the inspection the parade marched to the D me, the inspecting officer taking the salute as the men} v 1111 en and cadets marched off.

At the Dome a service was held conducted by Canon Jc h n C. H. How (Vicar of Brighton) who also gave an in sp iring address.

Subsequently tea was served in the Corn Exchange \\ he re the inspecting officer add ressed the parade

It was, he said} a great pleasure to have carned out th e inspection of such a splendid turnout and he conthem all on their smart appearance.

Three cheers were given to Sir James after which I-J e parade dismissed and wended their way home, many aking advantage of the augmented service provided by h e Southern Railway.

KENT.

Some 1,750 members of the Kent Units visited Dover on Sunday, July 4th for their annual inspecl ion and Church Parade, and many travelled by the special services provided by the Southern Railway.

The inspecting officer was Admiral Sir Edward R G. R. Evans, K.C.B., D.S.O., Commodore-in-Chief of the Nore, accompanied by Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady S upt.-in-Chief.

The Corporation of Dover gave the Brigade a civic welcome, and at the 'Official luncheon the Mayor (Alderman G. M. Norman) J.P.) referred to the work of the B.rigade and the great assistance the local division had gWen in A.R.P. organisation.

. Sir Edward Evans said it was a great honour to be mVlted to carry out the inspection on the occasion of the jubilee of the Brigade. The work of the \-ll1its was lt ke good wine-it needed no htlsh,

Commissioner E. A. Richards thanked the Corporation for its kindly welcome and referred to the work carried out by the Kent units during 1936} when 12,913 cases were treated, 17,955 ambulance removals, miles covered by the ambulances, 1)95 road attended 1 223 nurses at hospitals and 20 road-sIde posts manned.' He paid tribute to the Police and Press for the great aSSIstance receIved f;om them. Mr. Richards also referred to the successes gamed by the Herne Bay Nursing Division in the competition arena.

The inspection was carried out along the Promenade, the inspecting party consisting of Admiral Evans, Lady Perrott, Mayor of Dover, Commissioner E. A. Richards} Asst. Commissioners Major W. H. F. Noble, and H. J. Wrigglesworth, Lady District Supt. Mrs. C. Falwasser, and others.

From the inspection ground the parade marched past Si r Edward and proceeded to St. Mary's and St. James's Churches where the preachers were the Dean of Canterbury and the Rev. A. Sargent respectiyel'y.

Speaking to Lady Per!ott, CommIssIOner RIch<l;rds and others after the inspectIOn and march past, AdmIral Evans referred in eulogistic terms to the way in which the Brio-ade Cadet movement was progressing. He remarked on the fine bearing and physique of the elder boys and girls and w<l:s particularly by the live and supple way in whIch they conducted theIr march past.

He also praised the marching of the men and women. After the church service) tea was served at four centres and each in turn was visited by Admiral Evans. He talked to many of the members and gave a short address of appreciation, which included one or two am using stories.

Before leaving Dover he mformed Fwst A1-d that It had been "a highly satisfactory display, reflecting great credit on all concerned. I was particularly impressed with the cleanliness and bearing of the Kent units, which took part in the review} and I consider it a high honour to have been invited to carry out the inspection and take the salute."

On Monday, July 12th, the Maltby Main St. John Ambulance Brigade Silver Prize Band radiated a programme of music on the Northern Regional wavelength.

The annual inspection of the Stella Coal Company Corps, S.J.A.B., was carried out by Dr. W. F. Whitley, Northumberland County M.O.H., on Saturday, July 3rd. E

The annual parade and inspection of the Mid-Durham Corps, S.J.A.B., was held on Saturday, July 3rd, at Brandon Colliery. The salute was taken by County Commissioner Stanley Embleton.

It is proposed to repeat the success of last year and hold a church parade in September for Catholic members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, the Commissioner's permission having been obtained. Supt. J. E. T aylor, 3, Warwickroad, Southall, Middlesex, who arranged last year's event, will be pleased to hear from any members interested

Owing to heavy pressure on space it has been found necessary to hold many jtems until our next issue,

Priory for Wales.

R ECOGNIT JO FOR WELSH MEl\lBERS.

The li st of promotions in and admissions to the Order of St. J oh n, gazetted o n St. John's Day, included the following r ecom mend ations of the Priory for Wales :Knigld (from Com mander).

Professor George Kn ox, 1\1. 1. 1\1.E. F.G.S., Radyr, Glam., Director of Ambulance, Assistant Treasurer for ·Wales

COJllmander (Brotlzer) jrom Officer ( Brother)

Hugh S ydney Cann, Sketty, Sw a nsea, Ass istant Commissioner, Borough of Swansea Centre.

Lieut.-Colonel C. G. Cole-Hamilton, C.M.G., D.S.O., Brecon, Commissioner, Bre ck nockshire Centre.

J ohn Harries Davies, T y lorstown, Glam., Ass istant Commissioner an d Secretary, Rhondda Centre.

Theodore Gibbins, ]. P., Neath, Chairman, Glamorgan County Cent re.

Edmund L. Hann, Pontyclun, Glam., R eg is t rar.

Georg-e Thomas Guest, Assistant Commissioner, D er, bighshire Centre.

George John Rowlands, County Offic e r, Borough of Newport Centre

Captain Sydney Booth Turner, M. R.C. ., L.R.c. P ., Assistant Commissi:mer, Caerphilly County Area. Officer ( Brollze1).

]. Owain Evans, C. B. E., a rdirr, I ember, Ambulan e Committee.

Colonel H e nry Cecil Ll oy d H O\-"ard, M. G., D .8.

J P., D. L. , Commissioner, Flint hire Centre. Charles H. K ee n, 1emb e r, Fin ance Committee.

Officer (Sisler) fro III Sl'rVhll{ isler, Mi ss Ev e ly n H ar rie s, Lady Div. Supt., Llanel h Divi sion.

li ss Berlha Pri ce, L ady County Offi cer, Carmarth e _ shire Centre.

1i ss Esther Ree s, Lady Corps Su pt., Llanell), Cor p".

A. R. P. Class of the Llanbradach Division, with its instructor, County Officer C. E. Palm e r.

Dr. Charles Ernest Salt, Chirk, Denbigh, Commissioner, Denbighshire Centre.

Sir Robert J. Webber, J. P ., D.L., Cardiff, Member of Chapter.

Sir Evan Williams, Bart., ]. P., D. L., Pontardulais, Chairman, Carmarthenshire Cent re.

C01JZ17lande1' ( Siste?) from O(Jicpr (Sister ).

Mrs. L. Cornelius Griffiths, Cardiff, Member of Ambulance Committee.

Th e Countess of Pl ymo u th , wife of Sub-Prior of Priory. Officer (Brother) from S e1'7)inf] Broth er.

Dr. Jolm Wilf ord Cooper, Surgeon, Kenfig Hill Division.

Mrs. S. B. Turner, Lad y County Officer, Caer phi lly Count y Area.

Serving B rothe1'

Thomas Ackery, In s pector of Stores , Aberavon

William Powell Bodman, S ec r e tary, Lower Rhon dda Corps.

Arden Henry Coppage, County Officer, Brechnockshi Jc Centre.

Arthur Dav ies, County Officer, L1antrisant and Dis tr ict County Area.

Benjamin Evans, Supt., Maesteg Central Divi s ion.

Thomas Hartshorn, Corps Treasurer, South \,va les Border Corps, Brynmawr.

FIRST

Ebenezer Thomas Howe, Corps Trea s urer, Lower Cynon Valley Corps.

James lng s, upt., Ponllottyn Division.

Phillip Thomas Jenkins, County Treasurer, Monmouthshire Centre.

William John Ledbury, Corps Inspector of Stores, Blae n clydach.

William J a me s Little, Corps Treasurer, Islwyn Corps.

Robert Iltyd Ni cho ll, Assistant am missioner, Bridgend County Area.

J o hn Charles P a rker, Corps Tr eas ur e r, Upper Cynon Valley Corps.

Alfred Jam es Pow e ll, orps In s p ecto r of Stores, Newport (I\ I o n.) Corps.

Dr. John Phillip Pr ell, Corps Sur g-eon, Dulais Valley Corps.

orman C. Ri c h ard, Assistant Commissioner, Bedwe llty County Area.

Dr. Andrew 1\1 orlon R obe rt son, urgeon, Ynysfeio

D l\ isio n Edward \Villi ams, .\ssistant Commissioner, Cae rnar vo n"h ire Cent re

Dr. Tud or \Villi arn , Assista nt Commissioner, Pontypr idd County Ar a.

rL lhull / 'o/es oJ T//(wks.

Lieul.- olone l John Edward H. D avies, D .S.O.,

I. R. C. ., L. R. P ., Representative ["'::ni ght on Chapte r

Da\ id J ITrey , Group \gent, Amalgamated Anth ra cite Co llierie Ltd., ;\mmanford.

1\1rs. Bland), J enkin, Pre ident, L1anharan Division.

David Jone';, hief te\\ ard, .\ma lgamate d Anthracite Co llierie Ltd. (. \mhul anr om petit ion ), .\mmanfo rd.

The Ri ghL lI on. the Earl of P owi , Pr eside nt, f ontRo mer) hire Centre.

David ] ohn Thoma, lI on ;\lember, ;\laesmarchog Di \ision.

REPORT OF ;\[0. TIlLY

Profe sor Georg-c Kn ox, l\1.l.l\1.E., F.G.S., Directo r of ,\m bulance, preidcd at the meeting of the Ambu la n ce Commi ttee held at Prior) IIou on Jun e 29t h ome i III portan t promotions on the N u r si ng id e w e re

1 lc luLkd in the li st of 35 l'Ippointme n ts in the Brigade to .\ hich appro\'a l \Va gi\ J1, \ iz , Ir Bickerton Edwards, .a dy ount)' upl., Pcmbrokeshire Centre; Hamilton ngledew, Lady County Supt., Rhondd a Centre; 1\1rs. 1\1. H .lewellyn, Lady ounty upt., :trmart h e n shi re Centre; nd 1 rs. 1orris-Thomas, Lady County Officer, Rhondda

Ce ntre. The registration of the following new Di visions is Indicat ive of the progress of Brigade work in W ales :-Colbren Amb ul ance (Brecknockshire) and Cesarea

\ mbu la nc e (Cae rnar vo n s hir e) ; Abersychan Nursing (1\1onn out hshir e); Trinant and Waunllwyd (l\lonmouthshire)

Ca d et Ambulance; Brecon N o 2 Cadet and Sennybridge

Cadet Nursing Di\' isio.ls (Brecknockshire) Bl ae navo n Cadet ursing (Monmouthshirf") and Abe rcwmboi Cadet Nursing (Aber d a re).

Dr. T. E. James , Surgeon of the Clydach Vale Divisions a nd an Honorar y Life Member of the Prior y, was appointed to the Examining Staff. In thi s connection the Surgeon-inC hief of the Bri ga de in Wales, Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., r epo rted arrangements made for a conference of Bri ga de S urgeons at which the question of appoinlments to the E xamining Staff as well as other matters affecting the Medica l aspect of Brigade \tV ork will be d iSCllSSf"d. I t was noted that during the months of April and Maya total number of 325 examinations and re-examinations for Association awards had been arranged by the Priory.

A report by Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., Commissioner for Monmouthsire on the conduct of the Welsh co ntingent of one hundred Brigade members who partici-

pated in the Coronation duties in London \-vas read and in connection with the representation of the Brigade in Wales at the Review by Her Majesty the Queen on the 22nd May, and Service at St. Paul's Cathedral cn the 23rd 1ay, the Committee expressed thanks and appreciation to Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge, Assistant Commissioner for Wales, who took command of the Welsh personnel.

Captain L. Twiston Davies, J. P., D.L., F.S.A., was appointed to fill a vacancy for a Priory member on the Welsh Home Service Ambulance Committee, which is r ep r ese ntati ve of the Priory for Wales and British Red Cross Society, while it was agreed to co-opt the services of Mr. P. T. Jenkins, H. M. Inspector of Mines, Monmouthshire,

Sergt. B. G Pointer and CarpI. R. Wiffe n, Fishguard and Goodwick Cadet Division, the first two cadets in ""ales to gain the Grand Priors Badge.

on the Ambulance Committee, in place of 1\lr. T. Ashley, recentl y transferred from the Swansea Division to the S cotla nd Mines Insp ect ion Division.

vVith a view to giving effect to the special recruiting campaign instituted by the V.A. D. Council to increase the V. A. D. strength, the County Controller of Voluntary Aid Detachments in Glamorgan, Colonel A. W. Sh ee n, C. B. E., T. D ., M. S., had invited the Priory to n o minate a Female Assistant Controller for the County; and the name of Lady County Officer Mrs. S. B. Turner was unanimously approved for this appointment.

Th e Council of the Priory, which met subsequently under the chairmanship of Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C. B.E., considered the programme for the visit of Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent, on October 19th and 20th. A small sub-committee was appointed for the purpose of appointing a Committee for organising the Ball on that occasion.

In response to a request from over a hundred qualified Instructors on the Priory Roll, of whom there are now 246 Grade 1 and 212 Grade 2, it was decided by the Chemical Warfare Protection Sub-Committee to organise a Refresher Course in A. R. P. in Cardiff on a week-end in September. The sele ction of nine Brigade officers for attendance a,t a

Course at the Civilian Anti-Gas School, Falfield, from August 23rd to September 4th, was confirmed.

A. R. P. AT CARDIFF.

VIVID

Realistic demonstrations of Air Raid Precautions and Gas Attack treatment were given Sunday afternoon, July 'fth, when the annual inspection of the Cardiff City Centre was held at Cardiff Arms Park. Aeroplanes from the CardifT Aeroplane Club co-operated, and their circling over the ground was heralded by loud siren signals and a display of well-simulated panic. Members of the" public" were seen to fall writhing from the effects of a variety of noxious gases, and members of the Brigade with gas masks and a panoply of clothes and apparatus dashed to their assistance. The" sufferers" were rushed on stretchers to the emergency base (the Arms Park Pavilion) to the accompaniment of sympathetic applause from a large company of spectators \,\Tho had gathered to witness the demonstration. The work of the squads was prompt and effective, and sho\\Ted clearly the valuable services which the Brigade is competent to render in times of emergency.

The parade, which comprised the two Corps within the City of Cardiff Centre, \'iz., Cardiff and District and Barry and District Corps, was inspected by the Hon. John H. Bruce, J.P., D.L. (Commissioner for Wales), who was accompanied by Mr. A. G E. J. Fudge (Assistant Commissioner for "Vales), Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., J.P., 1. D. (Surgeon-in-Chief for "Vales), A. W. Anderson, Ch.B. (Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief for 'Vales), and Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B.E. (Assistant Lady Supt.-inChief for Wales).

The U had previously marched from M useumavenue to the Arms Park, under the command of Dr. Edgar Llewellyn (Centre Commissioner) and Capt. F. P. Robathan, 1. C., Assistant Commissioner, accompanied by the Melingriffith and the St. Saviour's prize bands.

The Hon. John Bruce distributed service awards to a number of members, and supporting him at the saluting base during the march past were the Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman Herbert Hiles, M.B.E., J.P.), Mr. O. Temple 10rris, K. c., i\1. P Alderman G. Fred Evans, Lady Lewis, the Chief Constable of Glamorgan ( 1r. Joseph Jones), and other officers of the Brigade.

This was the first occasion on which the parade had been open to the public, and a crowd of between 2,000 and 3,000 witnessed the spectacular display.

Colliery Ambulance News.

LEICESTERSHIRE AND SOUTH DERBYSHIRE COLLIERIES.

The annual competitions of the above were held on June 5th at Ashby, Drs. Davison, 1itchell-Innes and Silbey being the adjudicators, their placings being ;Shield; Cadley Hill, 168 marks; Snibstone, 166; Granville, 164 ; fourteen teams competed.

Cup: Whitwick, 146 marks; South Leicester, 145; Measham, 142; five teams competed.

H. M. Inspector of Mines (Mr. Shooter) presented the awards at the subsequent presentation meeting, over which Mr. J. S. Stevens, manager, Measham Main Colliery, presided.

Does your colleague read FIR.ST AID, if not , send us his address and we will post hi m a copy.

LITTLETON COLLIERY.

The First Aid Society of the Littleton Collieties has los t a popular member by death. Mr. Richard Walmsley, under-manager, in an heroic attempt to save the lives of three employees, was overcome by the dreaded firedamp and, together with the other three men, died.

lr. Walmsley was well known among mining Communities, and no one was more \vholehearted in the cause of safety in the mines than he. One of his greatest interest s was that of the Collieries Ambulance Society, of which he wa s chairman and instructor. His work in this direction had been recognised by the Order of St. John, to which he ha d been admitted as a Serving Brother. In 1922 he received the medal and certificate of the Royal Humane Society fo r rescuing a man pinned under a mass of debris

Railway Ambulance Ne ws.

I n te.'- Hdil way Co m pet it ion , 193 7.

TEST ;\lARKING SIIEET.

Card. - You haH! been attending a first aid practice at tl Railwa} "lalion and ar(' just I a\'ing. ,\ molor cyclist, \\ 10 i unhurl, rushes up and tells you that he has run into a ma n wheeling- a hand-truck on the approach road to the slatio n, aOll lhat his cycle fell on him. lIe lifled the cycle reporting- to you. There are two bystanders. The we ,t her i cold and windy but dry. tretcher and first aid mate rial in First .\id locker 30 yards away. Hospital -l00 ya rds di tant dO\o\ 11 the hill. ct as you should. Time allo \\' ed, 20 minul , when you receive this card.

Judge' Note. - Patient i lying on hi back, face very p. Slain of petrol from C}cle close to patient, also lighted eil lrc tte which has fallen from lips of patient. and bin lie r by. Shunting- pole a\ ailable. Ice at shop close by, and \\ater at station tap.

Prom pt approach to patient

Prom pt removal of cigarett

Pr()m pt spreading of saml 0\ er petrol stain 3

:'Ilake certain cycli t i unhurt 2 . d ise him to r sl... 2

• TO t1 teration 0f po ition of palient befure examination 4 r p back by tander 2

Is pa s ing tranic a danger (no) 2 h Doc tor available (no) 2

I Am bulance (l\'ailable (no) 2

Send for stretcher, first aid materials, and blankets 2

E. nm ination of Patient.

Spea k to patient (feeble reply)... 3

Enco uraging words J

'lell him to lie quite still 2

Ar1\ visible ba::morrhage (no) 2

2

3

Gently lay him in position giving most ease

Flex or straighten legs as desired by patient 3

Head low, 3 ; head turned to one side, 3... 6

Empty hip-pockets and take charge of contents

Broad bandage round hips

Tight enough to support the parts, but not too tight... 2

Bandage knees together

Bandage ankles together

Is cold water available (yes, tap near by)

Keep patient warm as possible and protect from wind

Any ice available (yes, fish shop round corner)

Send for ice, 2 ; gi\'e ice to suck, 2 iPlace ice pack on seat of injury 'f

at 12 minutes from start states tr.at patient is com pletel y unconscious.)

Carefully raise legs and bandage from toes to hips

from fingers to shoulders

2

2

2

2

2

Mr. Richard ·Walmsley.

At the funeral service, members of the class formed a guard of honour, and the presence of so many colliery representatives and officials of local organisations was evidence of the great esteem in which they held the deceased.

NOTTS. AND DERBYSHIRE COLLIERIES

AMBULANCE LEAGUE.

The final competitions for the "Wright" and "Portland" Shields were held on June 19th. The judges were: Drs. A. G. Davison, W. J. Lawson, Black and Hurst, the results being ;-

" Wright" Shield: 1, Ireland Colliery, No.1, 222 marks; 2, Grassmoor No.2, 218 ; 3, Cresswell Colliery No. 2, 217 ; twelve teams competed.

" Portland" Shield: 1, Grassmoor Colliery No.1, 176t marks; 2, Glapwell Clothing No.1, 173 ; 3, Bolsover Colliery No.2, 173. Glapwell and Bolsover tied for second place, and in a further test Glapwell obtained first place. Ten other teams competed.

"Nottingham Hospitals Jl Cup (for the team gaining most marks in the" Wright" Shield team test), Grassmoor No. Z.

Ac; . bystanders for information (tlH'Y only saw him run into) 2

Ar r visible deformity (none apparent) 2

E a mine scalp (normal) ... 2

E a mine face (pale, no injury) 2

E. a mine ears (normal) 2; examine mouth (normal) 2 i-

Any false teeth (no) 2

Any bleeding from ears, nose, etc. (no) 3

Con dition of pupils (normal)

It ndition of breathing (quick and laboured) 2

Con dition of skin (cold and clammy) 2

Con dition of pulse (rapid and weak) 2 of upper limbs (no injury) ... 2

E:. a mination of chest (no injury) ,.. 2 of back (as far as possible) (no injury) 2

E.{amination of pelvis (marked swelling) 3 of thighs (no injury) 2

E. a mination of legs and feet (no injury) 2

Is patient calling for air and restless (yes) '" i-

Ca n patient move lower limbs (with pain and difTiculty) 6

Is h e able to pass water (yes, a little) ... '" 3

Is. t he urine bloodstained (yes) 3

DIa gnose fractured pelvis 5

Tre atment.

Un do all tight clothing , 2

Kee p good air space round patient 3

2

Great Western.

CHALFORD.-The annual competition for the challenge shield presented by Dr. Edwards for Chalford and district G.W.R. ambulance teams) took place on Saturday, June 26th, when three teams competed. Dr. A. V. Dill acted as adjudicator, and among those present were Mr. R. H. Taysum, President, Mr. \tV. \ ""iles, Vice-President, l\Ir. W. E. J. Perks, Div. Amb. Secretary, Mr. F. Drinkwater and Mr. A. J. Webb, Class Secretary. The team test was a stiff one, bristling with possibilities of mistaken diagnosis, and was dealt with promptly and with efficiency by the several teams, and followed by individual t e sts, The results were announced by Mr. Taysum as follows :-1st, l\Ir. Barnes' team, 121 marks; 2nd, l\Ir. M. R. Worsfold's team, 106; 3rd, l\Ir. Gubbins' team, 105.

The trophy was presented to the winning team by Mrs. Viles, and Dr. Dill complimented both teams and individuals on their standard of work. Mr. Perks) congratulating the Chalford class on their efficiency, paid tribute to their secretary, Mr. Webb. -

AMBULANCE TROPIIIES.-Three additional trophies

haye r ecently been pre ented to the Great Rapway Ambulance Centre. 1Ir. A. \V. H. Chnst1son, D1v. Loco. Supt., ewton Abbot, is the donor of a cup for comp etition in the Plymouth and Exeter DIVI lO11S. This trophy will be known as the " tison Cup."

The Swindon Diyi ion has been gIven a new SlIver cup, to be known as the" Coronation .Cup," .by anonymous donor, \\"ho wi he to express hIS admIratIOn of the ambulance moyement and hi appreciation of the services rendered by Swindon members. The e two trophies will be competed for in the Diyisional competitions next spring. The third trophy, the" Higgins Cup," is the gift of 11r. R. \V. H. Higgins, Diy. Supt., Exeter, for the encouragement of recruits to the ambulance movement in the Exeter Division.

London, Mid l a nd a nd Scotti sh.

On Friday, June 25th, the 9th International.Ambulance Competition between the three leading teams 111 Scotland and the three leading teams in England was held at the headquarters of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, Glasgow.

The adjudicators were Dr. F. Greenhill, of Glasgow (team), Dr. W. Duncan, of Liverpool and Dr . T. G. Rennie, of Glasgow (oral). Ir. G. S. Hdl was the competition secretary.

Among those who witnessed the work done was SIr Robert and Lady Bruce, John Ballantyne (Chief Officer, Scotland, Mr. H. W. Moore (Div. Electrical Engineer), Mr. Jas. Wilson (Soliciror), Mr. V. Gee (Div. Accountant), Mr. N. Phillips (Operative Manager), Ir. W. J. H. Campbell (Div. 'Welfare Supervisor), Mr. E. Baker (Scottish Ambulance Brigade Secretary), and other officers of the COI:l pany; Col. D. J. Mackintosh (Chairman of the Council, S.A.A.A.), Mr. J. H. H. Henderson (General Secretary, S.A.A.A.), Col. W. Arc:hibald, M.D., and others.

Mr. Ballantyne presided at the subsequent presentation meeting, Mr. Henderson announcing the results as follov.-s : 1st, Mayfield, :Ylanchester, marks; 2nd, Crewe Machine Shop, 472; 3rd, Mossend, 458t; 4th, Motherwell, 5th, Dundee West, 438; 6th, Edge Hill Goods, Liverpool, 418t.

The Chairman referred to running of the competition since its inception and congratulated the winning team on the day's performance. At the same time he expressed the Company's appreciation of the enthusiasm displayed by the employees in first aid work.

Lady Bruce presented the cup to th::! winning team and individual prizes to the members of the first and second teams.

Sir Robert Bruce proposed a vote of thanks to the St. Andrew's Ambulance Ambulance for their great assistance and to the judges for the hel p rendered.

Col. Mackintosh and Dr. Greenhill replied.

The tests were of an exacting nature, especially that set for the teams. A miner had been buried by a fall of debris, and competitors had to crawl on their hands and knees through a passage way to enter the clearing. After baving rendered aid to the patient, who was unconscious and suffering from compound fracture of buth bones of right l:g and fracture of both bones of left leg, the teams were reqUired to carry the patient through the passage, which was not wide enough to take a stretcher fully opened. Most teams, however, did their work well, and there was little to choose between them. The individual and oral tests also tested to the full the knowledge of the competitors.

Out of the nine competitions now held, seven have been won by England and two by Scotland.

The annual ambulance outing of the London Distri ct Goods Manager (1\Ir. A. L. Castleman), was held o n June 29th, at Head stone Lane. . . .

There were ambulance compebtIOns for teams, 111 which eleven took part, and individuals. The entr i es f a. the latter event numbered 27. Other events include d cricket, tug-of-war, etc.

The team test judges were Dr. Ro efic1d (stretcher ), Dr. Renwick, assisted hy Ir. G. Kirkham (indi,,!dua l' The individual competition judges were 1Irs. MIlburn , Messrs. Calder, Jordan, almon Crossley Mr. S. A Purves, in the absencc of nIr. 1IIlburn. earned out duties of competition ecretary

Those present included Mr. and Mrs. Castlema n. Messrs. M. Hewitt, \V. O. Davis, Tandy, Viner an d Nixon.

Camden "A" were declared the winner in the tea l test with 119 marks; Broad Street "A" were second, 10 and Commercial Road "" third with 9n.

The individual \\'inner were: Senior -1 t. 1\Ii Campany, Accounts, Camden, 981; 2nd, J. Woo e, Accounts Camden, The novice prize went to P. Hicks, Somers Town.

Mrs. Castleman presented the prizes and also t h" " Castleman" Trophy, he t individual in the area, t" H. E. Salisbury, of Camden. DurinO' the afternoon all orche tra. uncler i\Ir. Ben '() , of Broad Street, rendered llUI11Crou itcm and all pre el young and old, wcre thrilled by 1Ir. Alberl \Varhy, of tl c Magician'S Club.

ABERGAVENNY.-The annual presentation of awards 'o the staff of the outh Wales Di trict was held on J U !1( 14th. Mr. N. L. "Vallis presided and ,vas supported h) Messrs. e. H. Tait, J. G. Hi hop and others.

Mr. Tait presented the following award :-11 Cer tificates, 2 Vouchers, 2 Medallions, 37 Labcls; Gold Bar (20 years), Mr. J. T. Harries.

Major Lucas, on behalf of the handed to G. W. Parry, the class lecturer, a fountall1 - pen and pe nCIl in case in recognition of his services.

REDDITCII.-Thc annual concert and presentation of awards took place on June 16th. In his speech, Ir. H. J akeman, the chairman, drew to the increas Jr;; successes of the class, who had achIeved excellent resu lts in various competitions.

The following awards were presented by Mr. G. E. Whitmore :-3 Certificates, 3 Vouchers, 2 Medallions a nd 15 Labels.

On behalf of the cIa s, Mr. Whitmore presented D r. Burne, the class lecturer, with a syphon holcler in appr eciation of his work for the movement.

London and North Eas tern.

The annual competition for the beautiful" Barthol omew Bowl" (presented by the late e. W. Bartholome\\ M.r.e.E.) was held in the grounds of Hinton Hou sl. Woodford, at the invitation of Capt. the Hon M. Palharn on Saturday, July 3rd.

As is usual, 12 teams who had competed in the pr evious G.e. Centre preliminary competitions took part.

Capt. W. Goodley, M.e. (Centre Secretary) acted. as team test judge, Dr. e. J. L. Wells) of Banbury, takm g

cl1 arae of Nos. 1, 2 and 3, and Mr. H. F. Towers, of R ug by, os. 4 and 5, individuals.

The team test concerned an accident in .the of1 ce of a larg e store, where a workman, '''' hll.st a safe had been through safe. fallmg on hI:n, caus ing a fracture of 11ft leg, spramed Wflst allJ a hernIa.

The work 0 £ the teams was of a high order though one detected slight slips fr?m the usual good form of some of the teams-probably thlS may ?e acco.unte<.l for by the hc:tt which hac! been very oppressIve dlll.-l11g the foreno()l1. Cum petitors and spectators alike the welcome cool 1l1 g breeze which favoured the event 111 the afternoon.

The re un of the competition, as declared by Mr. \Y. E. IIobb, ecr tary, was as follows:-

1 ew IIolland, 262 mark ; 2, Grim by, 254; 3, 25l.

1Irs. Lest r Read, of Thorpe, pre ented the Ba rtholomew ' Bo\\ I to the New Holland team; the , Pe lham" hic1d (presented by Capt. the Hon. 1. P< -h am) to the hy tcam, and the Henderson" pr zc to the Iml11J1lgham team, who The ew II la nd and Grimb)' team al 0 recclyed m1l1Iature cups a' mementoes of the event. to the Tuxford and Dukinfielcl .and 4th rc. pecti,' ely) ha"ing WOI1 prize in dUrI ng the past fiye year they "'ere 111eIJO'lbie for the "f'u tler IIl'l1der on" prizes.

A yote of thank to Capt. Pelham for his kindnes in pT n tding- the vcnue of the evcnt, acting as a gracious h(l't. and hI \\ hole -heart d upport of the event, and also t;, 11 k · to the judge, was propo ed by W. Bromfield, of lh ! Te \,, IIolland team second cI by G. Pimpertol1, of the ) 11 by team, and enthusiastically supported by all pree nt.

;"Ir. G. \Vood , of Ill1l1lingham, proposed a vote of than ks to the lIon. Eric B. Butler Henderson, President ('If he G.. entre, for prm'iding- the 3rcl prize, and to tllr: . Le ter Read for pre entinO' prizes to the \\ inners.

Capt. Goodley, in his remark) said that his test was a s imple traightforward one, with inj uries plainly t" r ked. The work was done fairly well, but he desired t( d raw attention to the nece ity of competitors stickinO' to t he Black Book eycry time, tressing strict attention tt) t he in truction re tran port, etc. lIe al 0 drew ,t'tc. ntion to the excellent sen'ices of the team patient. The teams shov';cd their appr ciation by their cheer.

Dr. "Veils also commented favourably on the indi\'i' lual side of the work.

The Sl1cce s of the competition reOected very great cre dit on the Hon. Secretary, 11'. W. E. IIobbs, who, we lL Ull, ha been working- continuously in the Ambulance 1 1 0Yement since 1893-truly a record of devoted and \t'l selfish service, and we wish him many years of health an d strength to continue his fine work.

Mr. Hobbs was ably supported by Miss Pratt, of the Su perintendent's Office, Messrs. Ward and Gardner as t i 11ekeepe rs, Mr. T. haw as marshall, and the Misses IT obbs and Patterson as sheet stewards.

One heard on all sides expressions of pleasure at the ret urn to good health of Capt. Goodley.

Capt. Pelham drew attention to the fact that as Commi ssioner of No. 1 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade, the major portion of the excellent ambulance arrangen ents for the Coronation, etc., had devolved on Capt. Go odley, and called for three cheers for him.

Thus ended a great day of pleasure and instruction) an d one looks forward to 1938 for a continuance of these ga therings of ambulance workers.

S.t1.A. B. Overseas. BO\1 BAY CORPS.

The 23rd annual report of the Parsi Division for the year ended December 31st, 1936, contains many iterrs of interest and records the excellent work done by members during the year.

Nearly 800 calls were ansv.·ered, IIlY olvlng over hours. Removals numbered 614, and assIstance was given to 423 injured persons. In addition 185 at sports meetings, public functions, etc., were earned out, and on numerous occasions the Brigade were able to render val uable assistance. On the occasion of the Bombay Riots members gave splendid service. Members were on duty from October 15th to 21st, and altugether 215 casualties were attended, of whom 10+ were serious and had to be removed to hospital, and 270 persans removed from danger zones. The total number of hours put in by members was nearly 1,000.

The membership of the division now totals 125 all ranks.

During the year inspections were held by the Governor of Bombay, the Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, and the annual event by Asst. Commissioner Wiles.

Competitions were held for numerous trophies, and two teams entered the event open to all - I ndia.

The Cadet Division, now in its 11 th year, has 33 Juniors and 12 Seniors. During 1936 the members attended the annual camp of instruction, whilst two teams the all-India competitions, gaining runners-up and third places. MALTA.

On Friday, June 18th, a meeting was held at Auberge de Castille Valeetta, at which Supt. Capt. J. Abela presided. activities of the l\1alta Corps during 1936 were summarised and reference made to the wonderful reception gi yen to the Corps representatives at the Brigade Jubilee in London

The necessity for reorganising the Corps was stated by Capt. Abela, and the among other items, training, publtc duttes, competitIOns and organisation.

RHODESIA.

New courses of instruction have been organised at U mtali, Livingstone and Gatooma. Public duties were undertaken at various centres on Coronation Day, and appreciatiye reports have been received.

The Buluwayo Ambulance Division attended the lemorial Service to the late Sir Henry Birchenough, G.C.l\1.G. The Nursing Division \-vas also represented.

FouND -Bronze Medallion No. 398117. Owner can obtain same on application to District Officer C. J. Fitch, 10, Briset-street, London, E. C.1.

Spalding won the final of the Lincolnshire St. John Ambulance annu3.1 competition held on June 27th at Lincoln, and were awarded the "Lambert" Shield. Grimsby were the runners-up.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE S ISTER.

No.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

The Principal of the Ley ton Technical College has arranged for a Course of Cookery for the S. J. A ..-\. Certificate to begin on Saturday afternoon, September 25th, at 2.30 p. m. There will be 12 lectures of 2 hours each before Christmas, and 12 in the New Year. The text book, price 3/-, can be obtained at the College. Fee for the course, including the examination, 7/ 6.

As there are only a limited number of vacancies for students-not more than 1S-early application should be made to Lady Div. Supt. l\liss linot, 508, Lea Bridge-road, Leyton, E.10. Such a small number of students can be accommodated, that only those should apply who intend to take the whole course.

N. 8 DISTRICT,

S.J.A.B.

HOVE AND PORTSLADE NURSING Dn'ISION.-A concert in aid of Uniform Fund was held in the Glebe Hall on Wednesday, June 16th.

The chair was taken by the Rev. H. T. Mogridge, and during the interval awards gained by members of the Division were presented by Mrs. l\lo'grigde.

Dr. Parry and Dr. Willan spoke of the work done by the Division, drawing attention to the need of more financial support, especially as a great deal of the training of workers for Air Raid Precautions was undertaken by the St. John Ambulance and 1 ursing Divisions.

An Inspection of the Voluntary Aid Detachment formed by members of the Hove and Portslade Nursing Division of the Brigade, took place at Divisional Headquarters, the Inspecting Officer being Major Bridge, RA.M.C., of Woolwich.

A hospital ward had been arranged with the cadets as patients. The cases treated included scald on chest, fractured femur (with Thomas splint), nephritis, fractured forearm, hemiplegia, typhoid fever, acute rheumatism, whooping cough, lime in the eye, and fractured clavicle. The various methods of making a room gas-proof were also demonstrated, and an interesting display of invalid diets was on show.

Major Bridge expressed his satisfaction at all he had seen, and was pleased to see so many new members

B.RC.S. TRAINING CAMP.-The National V.A.D.

Training Camp at Northwood Park, Sparsholt, has just closrd down for 1937. It is held annually for a period of three weeks and is open to officers, members and probationers of British Red Cross Society Detachments and of the Society's Voluntary Aid Detachments. Indoor uniform is worn every evening and for ceremonial parades, and plain dark blue overhauls with black tie and indoor cap for work and lectures. The entire camp is organised and run by B. R. C. S. members, and the cost per day is very reasonable, 3/ - for officers and 2/ 9 for members and probationers.

Northwood Park is a very large house, capable of accommodating about 250 members at a time. Last year

some 620 oihcers and members pa sed through the cam p. Courses of instruction are given in first aid in chemical wa rfare, infant and child welfare, hygiene and sanilation, an J first aid. .-\n examinination is held at the end of ea ch course.

On Sunday, 1une 6th, the Church Parade was held, an d this coincided with the Empire Thanksgiving ervice at Winchester Cathedral, when the Very Rev. Dean In gl. preached the sermon. After the service, the Empire dekgates watched the V.A. Detachments parade in the southe rn part of the close, and the march past at which ::\[ajor-Genera

F. D. G. Howell, D.S.O., M.C., Deputy Director, ledi cal Services, Aldershot, took the salute.

V.A.D. INSPECTION AT BRlGHTON.

The valuable work the British Red ross ociety i'i doing, particularly in preparation for any national emergen C), was demonstrated at the War Office Inspection of tI ll': Brighton and Hove (Sussex 40) Detachment held at S t. Nichola,>' Hall, Brighton, on Saturday, June 19th.

The detachment, which has now a membership of 40 was inspected by l\lajor J. M. MacKenzie, O. B. E., 1\1. C R.A. i.e., of Woolwich. Among those present were Colon e H. E. Weekes, County Controller, and Mrs. vVeeke Eastwood, Assistant County Controller, Dr. Townshead, of Bognar, and 1iss Gore-Brown, R e., Deputy President.

After inspecting the parade, l\1ajor MacKenzie wilne s ed demonstrations of the various activities in which the deta c hment is instructed.

He said he was exceedingly satisfied with the wid e knowledge displayed, and was particularly pleased with th e anti-gas demonstration led by Miss Trousdale, the Gas Officer. In this the precautions taken during a gas attac k and the speed with which a gas mask could be fitted on th e head were shown.

A further insight into the work of the detachment wa s given in another rOom which had been transformed in.to a hospital ward. Here patients were treated for vanou s injuries and ailments. Electric apparatus for use in th e ward was in charge of Mrs. Hanly; the preparation and cooking of invalid diets was demonstrated by Mrs. Bellarb y and Mrs. Towner and Miss Marketis, a qualified dispenser, explained the uses of the various herbs on view.

On June 27th the Church Parade of the local units took place at the Chapel Royal, Brighton, the Rev. Raper, Vicar, preaching the sermon. Having specially commended the valuable service given by men and women who dedica ted their spare time to the help of their fellow men and on the road and on the beaches, he spoke of the way 10 which those unable to serve, as it were, in the front line, could further the work by financial support and practical interest.

All the units in the Brighton and Hove DivisionSussex 13 Men's Detachment, and Sussex 40 (Hove) and Sussex 56 (Brighton) Women's Detachments-marched from New Road to the Chapel Royal for the Parade, a?d after the service marched past in the Pavilion grounds, Gore-Brown, Deputy President, and Colcmel de Salts, Assistant County Director, taking the salute.

Lady Eva de Paravicini, J. P., and Mrs. Sanderman v.e re two of the Vice-Presidents who attended the Church P arade.

0

84 (STRETFORO) DETAClIMENT, B.R.e.S.

On Sunday, June 27th, the Red Cross !\10vcment and IT a ny other activties in tretford lost a loyal and valuable \\ )rker by the death of Irs. Elizabeth B. Darbyshire.

1\1 rs. Darhy hire joined this branch of the British Red Cross ociety in lay 1913, and was awarded the A.R.R.e. in August 1919 for long and continuous service during the war at the Cricket Pavilion Hospital, Stretford. In July, Ir 23 , she was appointed Commandant of the detachment.

She was presented with the long service medal by H R .H. The Princess Royal in 1\lay 1933, and retired from (ffice as Commandant December 1935, retaining the rank of Hon . Commandanl.

:'I1rs. Darbyshire was widely known for her services to otht r s a friend to those in need. Her cheery disposition, her never failing- effort to help her members, never complain ing in spite of the pain which she often endured, will long be r e membered a examples of ervicc, Love and

\£ter a service in the Parish Church, she was laid to rt'it a t l. Paul' - Kerc;al, her coffin being borne by six 111 'Ill be r of :-\0. 57 Dl:tachment.

It ems Divisional news and compelitions, social, interestill duties, ptc.), for this page should be sent to . mb ulan ce . isler, c / o The Editor, FIRST Am, 46, CannonIreet, London, E. C.-+.

Police Ambulance News.

l' Y F LO;-{OO,\, PE [AL CON T.\BULARY.

Great sati faclion has been expressed by members of tl fi rst aiel and ambulance section on learning that H.l\1. t'- E King- has sanctioned the admi ion of the Commandant, G T. Foxon, Esq., O. B. E., to the Order of t. John with the rank of Ollicer.

The Chief Honorary OHicer, Capt. A. e. White IT no x , l\r.C., has al 0 received a further honour, haying been pr mated from Officer lo Commander of the Order.

METROPOLITA I

The third annual competition open to teams of the" I" D'v ision, regulars and specials, was held on Monday, June Jun e 28th, when Capt. A. e. V\'bite Knox, I.e., M.B., and 1\11'. G. E. Craft, of FIRST AID (individual), adJud icated on the work of three teams.

In the team test a supposed case of attempted suicide sta.ged, the patient suffering from gun shot wound on ng ht Side of face, complicated fracture of right ribs, compo und fracture of right forearm and profound shock.

The individual tests were: No. 1 describe a dislocation and the treatment, etc. ; Nos. 2 and 3 had lo deal with a ma n suffering from burns on both hands and a fractured fig ht leg; Nos. 4 and 5 a patient with severe bleeding from nos e, foreign body in both eyes and fractured forearm.

Supt. Cole presided at the subsequent meeting, suppor ted by Supt. Dalton (now of "c" Division), joint donor of

the Divisional Cup with Commandant Dalton (specials), Commandant Brown (Director ot Ambulance), and others. The result was :-1st, Southwark, 229 marks; 2nd, Kennington Road (last year's winners), 224k 3rd, Specials, 183.

Capt. White Knox quickly ran through his test and congratulated the competitors on their high standard of efficiency. lr. Craft also addressed the competitors, and agreed that the standard of work was high.

Commandant Matthews presented the cup to the winning team.

upt. Dalton thanked the judges for their great assistance, and referred to the high position "1\1" Division obtained in the "Pim" trophy eliminating tests. ] nspector Fraser was responsible for the arrangements.

Coming Events.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 forth· coming events for inclusion (free of cbarge) under this heading.

JULY.

21. -Cardirr and District Road Transport Ambulance Competition, ewport, 1\1on. 23.-Ambulance Competitions, Royal Welsh Show, 1\1onmouth.

24. - N o. 1 (Prince of vVales's) District, S.].A. B., Flag Day. 24.-Caernarvonshire Centre Competitions at Penrhyn Castle, by invitation of the Centre President, Lord Penrhyn.

25 -.- \ug. 8.-Surrey Branch, B. RC. S., Men's Camp. 31 - Aug.7.-S.].A.B. Nursing Personnel Annual Camp, Ro saIl School, Blackpool. AUGUST.

2. - Ambulance Competitions, Royal National Eisteddfod, Iachynlleth.

7.-" St. John Ambulance" Day in Cardiff. SEPTE;\lBER.

11.-Annual Inspection, Liverpool Corps, S.l.A. B. 11.-Annual Competitions, Bricklayer's Arms Division, S.J.A. B. 12.-Annual Church Parade, Western Area, No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District, S.]. . B., Ealing.

The Chichester Division, S.J.A.B., have acknowledged the work of their late uperintendent, Mr. W. ]. B. Trotter, now promoted to District Officer, by the gift ot an oak bureau, contributed to by all ranks. 11'. H S. Falconer, Vice President, made the in the presence of a full parade.

Preliminary arrangements have been made to organise a division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in connection with the Cannocli: Chase Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association. The proposed brigade, which is expected to be inaugurated early in October, will haye its headquarters at the County Mining College, Cannock.

Air Raid Precaution Decontamination and Cleansing Station.

By ALBERT J AS. JENNER, Chief Surveyor to the Battle Rural District Council.

THE Station illustrated was designed for the use of men engaged in decontamination work, but it will be seen that it is suitable for First Aid as well as the cleansing of clothing, etc., belonging to private persons.

No.3 where they have to step into a tray contai ning "bleach" (chloride of lime) and brushes a re provided for scrubbing the boots before enteri ng the Undressing Room B.

[NoTE.-If a man's clothing was bad ly splashed with liquid gas he would pass throu gh the yard E to the Hosing Shed F, where hI s clothing be washed down before pa ssing through Airlock No.7 to the Undressi ng Room.]

A long form is provided in Room B and it is railed off at either end in order to keep one side of

FIRST AID

Sh ower Room C which is fitted with warm showers, "as h basi ns, soap, towels, etc.

H a man's skin has come into contact with gas he can receive treatment by passing through Airlee k 6 to the First Aid Room K. When the men have washed they dry themselves and go to the Dressing Room A where they don clean vest, pan ts , socks and their own personal clothing, and the n to the Rest Room 0, where refreshment can b o btained before going off duty via Airlocks 2 ald 1.

All contaminated clothing and articles are n moved to the Hosing and Airing Shed F, where t1 y can be washed d0wn before going to the Boiling Room G or the Steam Decontaminator H.

The Steam Decontaminator has two doors and is bu ilt into the wall between the rooms H and I, a Id it will be observed that these two rooms are a ),so lutely isolated from one another when one dv or o f the machine is closed. It is mos[ important t hat under no circumstances whatsoever must both de ors be open at the same time.

After cleansing, the cl r thing is sorted, entered i r the record book in the office and returned to the Ie ke rs in Room 1\ or dispfitched elsewhere vIa rloc k No.9.

The men engaged in Rooms I and J do not ro me in contact with those working in E, F, G and 1I an d it is not ne e sary for them to use protecti ve 1< th in g

\Vater and bleach is available in the open yard }. or the d e con tam i nation of veh icles.

A m o del of the tation is under construction an d this will contain in addition to the rooms shown on t h e plan :-

1. A standby electric light plant (petrol driven )

2. A boiler for supplying hot water and for heati n 0- rad iators.

3. Emergency cold water storage on roof.

4. A forced draught airing room.

All floors must be impervious to moisture and walls shoulj be treated with acid resisting r a lnt.

The four quarters of the floor area in Room C Sh ould slope t) the drains (gullies) as shown by the ,l o tted lines, with a view to preventing water from o ne shower running over the whole floor area. ---. _.

, Don't! You're hurting me!'

Se e to it that-as often as possible- any antiseptic dressing for the skin is soothing as well as antiseptic. Such a dressing is Sphagnol ointment, which contains an antiseptic distillate of peat, and which is cooling and comforting from the first touch. Always have a tin of this kind-to-the-skin ' ointment ready to hand. costs 1/ 3, and (extra size tin) 2/ -.

Entry is through Airlock No.1, through to Airlock No. 2 to the Dressing Room A. This room is fitted with lockers and each locker contains a full set of protective clothing and clean underwear. After donning protective clothing the workers go on duty via the way they entered the building.

the floor clean. The Station Staff (U ndress ers ) take off the mens' protective clothing and place it in airtight metal bins. (All bins are removed vi a Airlock No.7 to rooms F, G and H for the cle ansing of the contents and clean bins are provi de d immediately).

The men are now devoid of all clothing a nd passing through Airlocks 4 and 5 they arrive in th e On returning from duty they enter Airlock

A Garden Party was held by the Southport Corps, S. J.A. n., on June 19th, in aid of funds. The Mayor and i\ fa Y:J ress (Coun cillor and Mrs. H. W. Barber) were present, the function being held in the gardens of Mrs. Sidney R. Pnr k.

The annual parade Einspection of the Banbury D"lV lslon, S.J.A.B., was held on Sunday, July 4th, at Addt'rbu ry on the invitation of Col. H. E. du C. Norris, the Presiden.t. Dr. C. Gardiner Hill, County Commissioner, wa s the Inspecting officer.

Peat Products (Sphagnol) Ltd., Dept. F.5., 2 I, Bush Lane, London, E.C.4.

Portman Printing Service

(Proprietor L. R. ALLUM.)

Offers

All Units of The Brigade and British Red Cross Society SUBSTANTIAL DISCOUNT on their PRINTINC requirements.

Shock-Its Causation and Treatment.

AC CORDIN G to our little "Black Book," Shock " is a condition of sudden depression of the ner v ous s y stem resultin g from and occurring immediatel y after injury, or h ce morrhage. It m a y last only a few minutes, or may develop into collapse." Such are the facts; but what, as the result of the injur y, actually t a kes place to bring on the condition known as Sheck?

C AUSA TIO OF SHO CK.

To fully understand this subject one must be con v ersant with the human organism, which is made up of a vast quantity of different characteristic cells welded together. The size of these cells is such that some hundreds could easily be accommodated on the head of a pin. Their life is a ver y short one, b e ing but twenty minutes. Owing to this action the whole structure of the body is changed every seven y ears as the result of the new cells replacin g the old.

The cells obtain their nourishment (air, food, drink, and warmth ) in the foIlowing manner. The red corpuscles of the blood, which we have learnt are oxy g en-carriers, convey pure air to the cells and collect in e x change, as one might sa y , carbon dioxide· from them. This, in turn, is carried along the circulation back to the lungs and purified. The blood stream also supplies food and drink in a similar manner; but it is when the blood. stream is slowed up or stopped that the condition of Shock becomes evident.

What causes the blood stream to slow up or stop is a question one might w ell ask. Some consider that the loss of blood from a wound may be the cause, but how about cases of fractures in which there is no apparent disturbance of the blood stream?

The salient fact is the loss of heat in the body, which causes the signs and symptoms of the condition.

Cold definitely slows down the circulation; and a cold application on an artery will halve the size of the vessel, thus causing a slowing down of the flow of blood. Such an application may, if continued for any length of time, cause clotting of the blood in the arte r y. It is, therefore, this fall of body heat that we have to combat.

TR EA TME NT OF SHOCK.

In competitions we invariably hear members of the various teams say: "I will treat for shock" ; but only too often this is done in a manner which would not, in fact, facilitate the patient's recovery.

Covering a patient with one layer of blanket is of little use if the part in contact with the cold ground is neglected. Let us consider an actual ' ase, as follows ;-

A patient is found lying on the cold grou nd . The heat of the patient's body is gradually sap pe d away by this contact; and more and more co ld blood is being passed into circulaton. This p rocess in time causes a slowing up of the bl oo d stream; and if continued it will subsequen t ly result in the capillaries becoming congested. It is, therefore, ou r lob to lessen the incidenc e of shock by the of the bod y heat and by the application of warmth.

First, we must place something between the cold earth and the patient's body. It is m o re important to have an underneath protection t h l n merely one over the patien t, because the longer ve let the cold ground withdraw the body heat frem the body, the less chance there is of the patie n 's recovery. Further, to apply warmth over t 1e body only feeds the cold ground. There f( re under protection should receive our first attenti o1. As a rule in an emergency blankets which s er ve to retain the body heat are not immediately a v a 1able. This, however, should cot delay 0 Ir treatment. Newspapers, which like blankets <I re non-conductors of heat, afford a splendid mean s of improvisation. Again, a coat, a door-ma t, a curtain, or any other such article ma y pro ve of service in an emergency.

Secondly, the covering of the body requ i es our careful consideration. Do not just pla ce a blanket singly over the patient. Rather fol d it two or three times and keep the patient covered as much as possible whilst attending to the ac t l al injuries. Do not wait until all the injuries h a -e been found and treated before covering the p o r victim. This seems a favourite method of t r ee tment with some competition teams and were I t he judge I would heavily penalise the team wh ir h acted in this manner.

The method of placing blankets on t . e stretcher introduces another and a most import a 1t point. 1£ possible have four thicknesses of blan k et under the patient as well as four over him. T his can be carried out by three blankets and o n ly requires a little practice for perfect results. If o n e blanket only is available I should not hesitate 0 place this, folded in three, under the patient rat h e r than merely covering the patient with it.

Thirdly, the application of hot-water bot tl es and the giving of hot drinks are valuable aids in our treatment, because they actually transmit h ea t to the patient's body; and these as laid down 10 Textbook assist the recovery of the patient. Th es e items, however, are seldom forgotten in co mpetition and practice. It is the protection fr om loss of heat from below which is more of te n neglected; and this occurs not so much fr om forgetfulness as from the fact that the first ai d e r has not been correctly taught the actual causati o n and the proper treatment of- Shock.-B. B. DALE

COU PON PO ST NOW

To The Secretary , The SMAE Institute , Leatherhead

Please

N.4ME

booklet tells you how you can be co me a trained Swedish operat o r Massag e and Manipulation.

in Jo i nt

IL t e ll s yo u how yo u ca n ga in a n ex pe r t kn o wledge of Ana to m y, Ph ys io logy, Sw e di s h M as s a g e, and M edi cal El ec tri ci ty with o u t drud ge r y , in the ea s iest a nd mos t e co n o mi ca l m a nn e r.

I L t ell s you how you ca n g ain t he Institute's Diploma , s t art a p ri va te pr ac tice of your 0\11. nand add co ns id e r a bl y t o yo ur in co m e

B y m ea n s of o ur uni q ue s ys t e m of tui t ion any pe r so n o f ordin a r y in tf' lligen ce can ma s t e r the C our es a nd yo u ca n qualify as a la s seur in the ::o mforL of yo ur hom e , in y our s pa r e t ime

Th e r e ar e no Lex t-books to buy, no examination F ees and you can pa y th e moderat e tu.ition fees b y e as y inst a lments.

You can c onsidera bl y add to y our efficiency ill First Aid, and rem e mber, "An in \'e stment in kn .:n.vledge pa ys the hi g h e s t int e r e st. "

Fill in, c ut out and post the Coupon for a fr e e copy of the b o oklet" lanipulati\"e Therapy as a Profession. "

S MAE INSTITUTE LEATHERHEAD

Queries and Ans'Ners to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with undel- the following rules :--

l.-Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top ldt-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.4.

2.-AIl Queries must be accompanied by a (( Query Coupon" cut from tile current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3. -The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. of First A.id.

TREATMENT OF' Su STROh:E IN C01-.1PETlTION.

A.B. (Cleethorpes).-ln a recent competition the following circumstances prevailed. A team of first aiders was walking along a country road when they obse rved two cyclists laid in the roadway. On examination one was discovered to be a victim of sunstroke who in falling had caused his companion also to fall. In so doing the latter sustained a wound on the forehead with arterial bleeding and a fractt.:red base. Both were unconscious, TO. 1, the sunstroke patient, being in a state of stupor and the other going into coma. After treatment, 1 o. 1 recovered sufficiently to complain of pain in his ankle, which was discovered to be sprained.

Opposite to this scene 'v\ as a house, the nearest telephone being 1 mile distant and the hospital 3 miles. In the house was a person who would and could deliver a written message. The judge required tl]e captain to send one of his team on one of the cycles to the phone. This would have taken 8 / 10 minutes actually, as the man had to return also. Do you think the teams that kept their skilled assistance with them acted correctly or do you agree that the skilled man should be sent on the journey to the telephone? In the test if the member ·was sent only 1 minute was deducted.

Also, certain teams removed the No. 1 patient by the three handed seat, whereas the judge wanted the teams to use a single helper, namely the Human Crutch method, for which he gave 21 marks. According to the Textbook persons who have been unconscious for only a short time require special care and attention. Would you not use hand seats in such a case when no stretcher was available? Of course the patient had been shaded; but he was only conscious a few minutes before being taken to the house whilst awaiting the ambulance.

The ambulance arri-,ed whichever messenger was sent! Do you not think criticising very adversely for using this man, and for using hand seats was very much against our teaching, and likely to do more harm than anything else? Also can you see any new thing which we should have learnt as first aiders and which s ll ould be the aim of all who run competitions? Or do you think it a competition we should do best to forget altogether?

Meanwhile we thank you for any reply which you see fit to send.

Inquests on competition tests lead nowhere and are not to be encouraged. At the same time I agree that on your statement of facts you have some grounds for complaint a nd that, were I the judge, I should have preferred the teams to

retain their skilled helper in the special circumstances of th e emergency and to remove the sunstroke patient to the hou se hy the human stretcher method.

Of course, I agree also that competition te t s h ou ld always be practica l and consi t of representation either of actual or possible emergencies. In these circumstances it is amusing to learn that a cyclist could proceed one mile to a telephone, give his message and return in o/le lIlinutt .' Howe\·er, the judge's deci ion is final; and that is all w e get out of this inquest on YQur competition tc. t !- N. CORB £- r FLETCIJER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

M. R. (Cannon-street).-In a recent examination T pointed I a clinical thermometer which wa lying on the tab l before me and I asked one candidate what it W ?-i called. You may imagin e how amused wa ,,·hen sh replied :-" _1 picnic barometer."

Good! Next, plea !!- .C.F.

PIIYSICAL CAUSES OF SnOCK.

P. (Worthing).-In the lay issue of FIRsr AlI) I su i mitted to you a question \vhich was given at a reee Railway Ambulance om petition and which read "How do the physical cau es of hock act?" reported that out of a possible 40 point the highL t obtained was 9 tJoint and that the competitors inclu-i ld a recent winning team in the" Dewar" hield Co mpetition. I suggested that the que lion was 111 or.' appropriate for medical students than for fir t aid \Yorkers; and I asked you to pass your opinion.

In your reply you declined to pass any judgme nt until you had seen the detailed answer which I now take pleasure in sending you and which reads a follows

Y OUR AMBULANCE STUDIES WITH A KNOWLEDGE OF SWEDISH MASSAGE

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I shall now look forward to your very help ful remarks which I can assure you my fellow memb ers and myself thoroughly appreciate.

(' The proof of the pudding is in the eating" and t l e proof of a competition test is in the detailed marking she d. Now I am wondering wbat you bave to grumble agains t in this marking sheet which includes nothing but what is in the Textbook. It seems to me that on this occasion YGU who were competing were flummoxed unjustifiably by tile setting of the question; and that subsequently you failed to appreciate an excellent classification of the causes of Sh ock In short, I co uld wish that the latter were as well deta iled on p. 161 of the Textbook. -N C.F.

POISONING BY CALCIUM CARBIDE.

J.G. (Hoxton).-Please wi ll you tell me how to treat a person who has swallowed a piece of Calcium Carbide such as is used in lam ps? Owing to natural moistu re in the stomach, the Carbide will give off gas i and if

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liquid is it will help to make more gas. At least I think so, though I may be wrong.

This query has appeared and has been answered on numerous occasions during the past few years, the last occasion being in the November 1936 issue of FIRST AlD.

If a person swallO\\'ed a piece of Calcium Carbide, acetylene gas would be formed: and this ,,"ould gi\ e igns and symptoms similar to those associated with poi oning by Carbon Monoxide. Carbide poisoning, howe\'er, is so rare that no one seems to bave had occasion to deal with such a case; but in the January 1931 issue of FIRST AID, a doctor advised first aiders to administer glycerine or alcohol in large quantities and to remove this trom the stomach without the use of water which would set free acetylene gas, a very potent poison. To d this doctors would use the stomach pump, whereas first aiders would ha\"e to rely on tickling (or otherwise irritating) the back of the patient's throat.-N . C. F.

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STREET AC ClDENTS.

J. G. (Hoxton). - As I was reading your interesting reply to a query \\ hich was published under the aboye title in the June issue of FIRST AID, I remembered a personal experience with a policeman about \\ hich I should like to tell you -

One day when I was going home in Brigade uniform after a public duty, I ,, ' as called to a street accident. Shortly after I had starte d to treat the patient, a policeman arrived and asked me what were the injuries. \Vhen I told him, he promptly replied :" Carryon, St . John! TVe can trust you to do your job.l.l "

To me it was a pleasant thought that the policeman thought so well of the efficiency of the Brigade.

I agree; and I congratulate you, because from your story it is clear that you were, in fact, doing your job efficiently.-N.C. F.

VARIETIES OF

JOINTS.

J. H. (Norwich). - At a recent ambulance meeting \-\'e became divided in our opinions of the two joints in which the clavicle plays a part; and we would much appreciate your ruling on this matter. Are both joints movable?

Is there a freedom of movement in one or more directions, even if that movement is slight? Or are the Joints fixed, that is do the sternum and clavicle meet to form a solid joint? Also, do the clavicle and scapular form a solid joint?

The dictionary tells us that a joint is " the place where two or more things meet." In anatomy we speak of the meeting of two or more bones as joints of which there are three varieties-movable, immovable and yielding Examples of movable joints are to be found in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle and so on, of immovable joints in the unions of the bones of head and face and so on, and of yielding joints in the symphysis pubis, between the body of vertebrre and so on.

In other words, the ioints which unitt the clavicle with sternum ;:lnd scapula belong to the last named group and "give way" slightly in response to violence Olherwise, fractures of the clavicle would be even more frequent than they are !- N.C.F.

W h e n yo u writ e to a ny o f o ur Adve rt isers kindly m e nti on F IRST AID It d o esn't c o st y o u a nyt h in g and it please s th e and Us·

AID Reviews .

A CATECHISl\I OF AIR RAID PRECAUTIOi\ S

By i\Iajor lorman Hammer, 1. R. C. London; John Bale, Sons & Curnow, Ltd. Price IS by

post IS. ld.

We welcomed wholeheartedly this little hook when it was first published in September, 1935, and \\ 'e extend ill1 equally cordial welcome to its third (and revi s ed) editi lln which has just been issued and has undergone certain mi nclr alterations to bring it up-to-date. "Ve note with int e re t that i\lajor Hammer has adopted our sugg-e lion and a d ded an index:. This is Illost comprehensiyc and i so that readers can add extra references as and \\ here de s ir ed.

The book is based on the ever-popular system of questions and an wer ; and it is needless to add I hat the 125 questions which it contains are prdctical, antI al 0 th at the answers are con c i e and correct. Consl'l]uenlly it w ill appeal to all inter e sted in the subject of Air Raid Pr ecaution<: , whether members of the Brigade, of which '\l ajl'r Hammer is a County Surgeon, or of the Red ero<.;'> o c iety and it will prove most u eful to those who are qualify in g- a'i instructors.

Within a compass of 113 page the whole of thE' official manual is well and truly covered, and the chid points are stre s s ed by a clever se ries of comparati\ c tabl e, which will help to fix them firmly in the memories of th os who study the book for s ubsequent u s e either in tIlt' examination or in the lecture room. La s th, the book is of a ",ize \\ hich can be c arried c omfortably i;' the pocket, and it is printed in clear type and on good paper.

FIRST AID QUERIES \ND AN SWERS

By A. T. Lakin, ;\I.B., eh B. London: L.M.5. Raih.o ay lliaga ::: in e , Euston Hou se, Euston, N.vV.1. Frz'c e 2 d b)' p osl Jd.

During the past two years Dr. Lakin has answ e r ed a number of queries on first aid in the ambulance secti o n of the L. lJI. S. Railway llIaga s in e Thes e have been coll ect d together and are nov; available in a nl'at pocket-size pamphlet, which will prove very interesting and most instru cti \;! to all readers of FIRST AlD.

As we would expect from one who has devoted ')0 many years to the advancement of ambulance work am ong railwaymen, and who is a past master of the science and art of first aid, the answers are concise, correct, and 11111 ch to the point. We did, however, detect one mistake, nam e l.,:, the misspelling of " Silvester."

The usefulness, however, of the pamphlet in an em e r gency is somewhat spoiled by the absence of a Tabl e c,f Contents and an Index. These, we suggest, will incr ease considerably the value of the book if included in the n ext edition, which will surely come, and that quickly!

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T his p ublication provides a complete gen er a l a c count of first - aid and nursing practic e It g ives in c oncise form a r e vi e w of the anatom) and physiolog) of t he human fram e and deal s also with bacteriolog y and t he vari o us types of di s ease and ill - health and their treatment.

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stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter.

The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified 125, 127, 129.

for an y new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.

FIRST AID

:Jnbepenhtnf Journal for rbe Ambulance am)

NOTICE TO READERS.

Flk T AID is publish ed on the 20th of each month The Anr I Su bscription is 35. 6d. post free ; copies 3d. its aim and object being the adva ncement of Amb ulance Work in at: its branches th e Edito r invites Reade rs to send Ar ticles and Rep')Tts on subjects pe rtaining to the M ovement and also welc omes sugnestlO ns for Pr actical Papers. All Re po rt s , &c., should be addressed to the Edito r at the address bel ow and should reach him befo re th e 12th o f each month, and must be accom pani ed (not n ec ess ar i ly lor p u blicatioll) by tbe na e and of the Correspondent.

Sub<c ripl ions, Advertisements and other busin ess Itions connect ed with FI RST AID should be forwarded to th e Pu bhshe rs. D -\L E, REYNO LDS & Co., L TD ., 46, C A :"':\O:\ STREET, Lo DON, F. C.4. Telegrapltir A d dress -" Tweuty-/ollr, L ondon."

TeltplllJlle - C )' 3 7 fa

EDITORIAL.

ALTHOU G H these lines are being penned whilst the thermometer AHEAD. is in the" 80's," we cannot forget that in but a few weeks the winter session will again be with us and we shall be called upon to don our winter clothing, as it were, in first aid.

During the summer months first aid has, in the mai n, consisted of read patrol, attendance at sports meetings, galas, etc. ; and whilst such calls are excellent for practical experience, we must not lose sight of the fact that new members are required to take the place of those who have now laid aside their uniforms after years of selfsacrifice.

This coming winter will see a growing activity in classes, not onl y on first aid and sundry subjects, but also on Air Raid Precautions.

Most members of the ambulance movement have assimilated a knowledge of A. R. P., and it is now time to push along with classes among the general public. We know that many such classes have been held, but hundreds more will be required before all the men and women in the street can be taught how to protect themselves and their homes against such warfare.

These A.R.P. classes will greatly add to the prestige of the ambulance movement, and at the same time gain many members to the Auxiliary Reserve, eventually, we believe, increasing the ranks of first aiders.

As members of the A.R.P. Reserve the general public are not compelled to be fir!'it aiders; but we feel that when it is noted that only an armlet can be worn against the first aider's uniform, many will enquire how to become fully fledged members. Therefore, A. R. P. classes should be excellent medium for recruitment.

St. John Ambulance Association

BRISToL.-At the annual competItlOns of the Bristol Centre, held on Saturday, July 17th, the Lord Mayor took the opportunity of praising and thanking the men and women of Bristol who sacrifice much of their spare time and pleasure in order to equip themselves with a sound knowledge of first aid.

An interested crowd of spectators watched the various com petitions, at the close ot which Dr. H. G. Kyle (Chairman of the Centre) presided at the subsequent presentation ceremony, supported by the Lord layor (1\1r. A. F. Moon), Mr. R E. Bush (Vice-President) and Mrs. Bush, Major Norman Burgess (County Commissioner, S.J.A. B.), the udges, 1\1r. Egbert A. O. Webb (han. secretary), Mr. W. G. Hawkins (hon. treasurer), and others.

The Chairman stated that the entries were not so numerous this year, but the work had been excellently done.

AID

and both referred to the high degree of proficiency di splayed.

The following members of the medical profession wer e the judges :-Drs. H. G. Kyle, Balch Green, F. C. Jenkins, J. V. Lucas, J. Morton Evans, D. Hall Beatson , C. C. Lavington, N. S. B. Vinter, A. V. Wells, J. 1\. Lan s on Roberts and S. Datta.

The tests included stretcher work, team work, improvisation and oral examination.

PLYMouTH.-The annual report of the Plymouth and District Centre and the Ambulance Service ha s recently be"n issued and sets out a year of progress.

Excluding Brigade re-examinations, 396 pa sses w c.re recorded in va rious subjects, the Bri ga de ga ining a fur tl er 430.

During the year 610 road accident case and 1, 303 ot1ler accidents and sudden illnesses were carried, entailing a In leage of nearly 10,000. Fire calls were answered on 279 occasions, 33 patients removed from ships, 7 lif eboat calls

E t racts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Continued from page 252 .)

SII It LD no hel p arri ve, or if it is necessary to re n av e the patien t, other methods of arresti ng ha. o rrhage must be adopted, viz. :-

(a) Pad alld Bandage. Thi5 will be found us efu l for bleeding from the scalp or ?u t Will se ldom be sufficient if a large artery IS d \ Ide d. For venous and capillary hcemorrhage It usua lly all that that is required.

(b) Forced Flexion. This can only bp employ ed at the elbow and knee joints. It is therefor lim ited to the ontrol of bleeding below those po us A i plac d in the bend of the joint, th l, 1m b forcIbly n xed and fixed in this position by 'le ans of a bandage. Th is is a very painful method.

cane. Through the cane runs a piece of cord knotted at each end.

After the tourniquet has been buckled round the limb the narrow piece of webbing is twisted by ?f the cane-on the same principle as in the ImprovIsed tourniquet.

When sufficient pressure has been exerted to stop the bleeding, one end of the cord is passed under the buckle to prevent the cane unwinding.

Bristol Centre, S.J.A .A Annual Competitions. " Th e vVestern Daily Press & Bristol M,'r rol''' photograplzs.

On left: Judges and officials, Drs. J. V. Lucas, S. Datta, D. Hall Beatson , Mr. W. G. Hawkins (Treasurer), Dr H. G. Kyle (Chairman), C. C. Lavington, Mr. Egbert A. O. Webb (Secretary), Drs. A. V. W e ll s and N. S. B. Vinter. On right: A team at work in one of the tests.

The results were announced as follows :-

"Beavis" Cup (team, certificate holders) : 1, L. M.S. Loco. No.1, 182; 2, G. W. R. Pilning, 175; 3, Port of Bristol Authority, Ne. 1, 165.

(I Mrs. Squires" Cup (team handicap, medallion holders) : 1, G. W. R. Pilning, 380 ; 2, L. M.S. Loco No.1, 350 (handicapped 39); 3, Port of Bristol Authority No. 3,340.

"Novice" Cup: 1, Fishponds L.M.S., 151; 2, Clifton No.3 , 150; 3, L.M.S. Loco. Novice, 147t·

"Horace Walker" Cup (handicap, women) : 1, Nursing No. 1 "B", 146i (handicapped 3); 2, Nursing No.1 "A", (handicapped 5i) ; 3, Clifton Nursing, 139.

« Mather" Cup (Novice, men or women) : 1, W Butler & Co., 150 ; 2, L. M.S. Loco. Novice, 142 ; 3, John Robinson No.1, 138.

II Cyril Lavington" Cup (Improvisation, men or women) : 1, L.M.S. Loco. No.1, 204; 2, G . W.R. PiIning, 199; 3, Port of Bristol Authority No.1, 197.

Mrs. Bush presented the trophies and medals to the successful teams.

Major Norman Burgess appealed to first aid enthusiasts to find time to join the Brigade, and referred to the A. R P. Reserve.

Dr. Datta and Dr, Lucas addressed the competitors,

answered, 14,764 invalid removals (mileage 57,442 ), 8,.f9 2 crippled and invalid children carried under the Open Air Schools' service (mileage 12,109), whilst first aid cases in casualty rooms and aid posts numbered 1,051. Such is briefly the excellent work carried out in thi s important Devon town.

Great assistance was rendered by the Brigade pers onnel (ambulance and nursing) in supplementing the activiti e!> of the small professional staff of the Ambulance Servi ce. It may be mentioned that this personnel now numbers n early 400, and in addition 180 cadets.

A Penny-per-Week Ambulance Contributory Se[ vic e is in operation, new members being registered each mont h.

Cord ial relationship exists between the Association a nd the Police Service. In the P lymouth City Police F orc e nearly 270 qualifications have been gained. Mr. G. S. L owe (Chief Constable) hopes to have periodical refresher cou rses to maintain the standard of efficiency.

Air Raid Precautions have also received attention, a nd in the « Garrison Area" the Brigade has 38 Grade I instructors, 5 Grade II instructors, and 25 classes have been held. We congratulate Plymo u th on its magnificent progress during the past 26 years, and wish them further success es ill the futllre,

(c) Tourniquets. A tourniquet is an instrumel us.ed for comp:essing arteries, and can only be pp lled to the i1mbs. Being a mechanical cor rtva nce it is very difiicult to estimate the am u nt of pressure exerted by it, and great care m l t be taken not to injure veins and nerves when ap lly ing it.

T he various kinds of tourniquets are :--

(

1) Improvz'sed, some hard substance, such as cal k o r stone, is folded in the centre of a narrow fol d tr iangular bandage or handkerchief, and is pl ace d over the artery. The bandage is tied with sI1g le knot round the limb, and a piece of stick the n placed on the knot and a reef knot tied over It. O n twisting the stick the bandage will constrI ct the blood vessels in the limb. One end of th e sti ck must be secured by means of another ba nd age

(2) St. John Tournz'quet. This is now the sta ld ar d tourniquet for aeneral use in the Navy. It co ns ists of a webbing strap which is buckled ro und the limb. On the inner side of the strap is a cork pad which must be placed accurately on the On. the outer .surface is sewn a narrow, I ut st out strIP of webbmg, having in its centre a oop th rough which passes a short piece of hollow St .* Rep rinted by permission of the Controller of H 1\1 atlO Offi . . St r nery ceo Copies of the man u al can be had of H M waco;t;ry Office, House, Kingsway, London: , or any branch, pnce 4/Sd. post free

.

(3) Samway's Anchor Toztrnt:quet consists of a pIece of stout indiarubber tubing, having a metal catch shaped like an anchor attached to one end. It. is by stretching the rubber tubing and wtndtng It at least twice round the limb. It is fixed by passing the end round each fluke in the anchor.

(4) Pet£t's Screw Tourn£quet. This consists primarily of a piece of webbing strap, a pad, and a screw. .The main artery alone is compressed, IS less. danger of damaging the tissues With thiS tourniquet than with those mentioned above.. This tourniquet is found in the major operating case of surgical instruments.

Wizen applying a tourn£quet pay pm tzcular attentzon to these rules.

(1) Apply the tourniquet over a piece of lint or bandage, never next to unprotected skin.

(2) Do not exert more pressure than is just sufficient to stop the bleeding.

(3) See the pad presses directly over the artery.

(4) After the tournequet has been on for half an hour loosen it gently and slowly, being prepared to tighten it again should the bleedina recommence. Never keep a tournz'quet appI£ed longer necessary, not only does it cause pain and swelltng, but gangrene of the limb may occur.

(5) If bleeding does not recur do not remove the tournz'quet, but leave it loose on the limb.

(6) If a case with a tournequet on is removed from your care, always attach a label to this effect and stating the time it was applied.

(B) INTERl AL HA!:MORRHAGE.

(1) Lay the patient down and keep him absolutely quiet.

(2) Raise the feet.

(3) Apply wa r mth to the extremities.

(4) Apply cold externally over the part where the bleeding is taking place, if this is known.

(5) Send at once for the Medical Officer.

(6) On no account give stimulants.

(c) SHOCK.

(1) Keep the patient warm with blankets and hot water bottles.

(2) Keep the head low and raise the legs.

(3) Give hot drinks, such as sweet tea, coffee, or beef tea.

(4) Give one drachm of Sal Volatile in one ounce of water.

FIRST AID TREATl\IE T OF SPECIAL FORl\lS OF HlEl\fORRHAGE.

A.-Hcemoptys-is.

(1) Keep the patient absolutely at rest.

.

(2) Slightly raise the head and shoulders, and turn the head to one side.

(3) Allow a good supply of fresh air.

(4) Give ice to suck if available.

(5) If the bleeding side is known, incline the patient to that side.

(6) Send for a ]\'1edical Officer.

B. - Hcematemesis.

Treat as above, but do not give anything by the mouth.

C.-Epistax£s.

(1) Undo all tight clothing.

(2) Seat the patient in a chair with his head erect.

(3) Apply cold water or ice to the nose or back of the neck.

(4) Do not allow the patient to blow his nose, or Firmly pinch the nose for 5 minutes.

D .-Hcematuria.

1£ this follows injury, damage to some part of the urinary system has occurred.

(1) Keep the patient quiet.

(2) Do not allow him to pass urine.

(3) \Vatch for and treat internal

(4) Send for a Medical Officer.

E.-Melcena, and Hcemorrhage from the Bowel. must not be confounded with recent from the bowel, such as may occur in Enteric Fever, or with bleeding piles.

In all cases of bleeding from the bowel, lay the patient on his back and keep him quiet. Report to the Medical Officer.

F.-Hcematoma.

Apply firm pressure by means of a bandage. G.-Reactionary Hcemorrhage.

(1) Do not remove the dressings.

AID

(2) Apply sterilised wool and a bandage over the whole of the original dressings, and repo rt to the Medical Officer.

(3) If internal, apply the general treat ment mentioned under that condition, and send for a Medical Officer.

SURGICAL OR LATER TREATME

T.

SO far only first aid treatment has been considered. Further treatment will depend on (1) how this has been carried out (2) the conditi on of the wound and blood vessels (3) the general co ndition of the patient.

In some cases nothing more will be req uired than to make sure bleeding has permane ntly stopped, and to apply a fresh dressing to the wound.

In others, the arrest of may '1ot have been complete, so that the Iedical O t';ce r may find further treatment necessary 'l his usually consists in looking for and securin g by artery forceps any bleeding point; in some cases it may entail enlarging the wound or ev.en forming an operation (as in cases of Int ernal

Havin a secured the cut end of the blee dll1g b vessel it is twisted (in the case of small ves sels) until the forceps come off. This is know n as treatmen t by torsion.

Laraer vessels are tied 01' lz;;atu,red by me1ns of of silk or catgut, after which the are removed. The wound is then stitched (If necessary) and dressed, after making sure nothIng else requires attention.

Occasionally stypttcs (substances app lie d locally to stop bleeding), such as very hot or water adenalin, turpentine, alum, hamma melis, are or /uEmostati.cs (substances injected subor intravenously), viz., morphia ,. ca lcium lactate, or coagulating serums may be given. Paquelin's cautery and the galvano cauter y are sometimes used. After severe benefit is often derived by introducing a quantity of salt solution into the system. This is ter med salz"ne injuSt·on.

The solution is made by adding a teaspo ol1!ul of common salt, or two tablets of sodium chlonde compound to a pint of water. This is sterilise d by boiling, and then cooled to a temperature degs. Fahr., by standing the receptacle conta lO lI1 g it in cold water. Cold water must not be add ed to the sterilised solution.

(To be contz'nued.)

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It doesn't cost you anythin g and it pleases the Advertisers and Us

St. John Ambulance Brigade

H ea dqua rt ers and Di st ric t Repo rts.

Briga de Headquarters

The 'u rgeol1-in -C hicf gwe l10tice that the Annual C( nie n:nce oj District and County Surgeon will take place in the Chapter Hall, at l. Johns Gate, at 2.30 p.m., Oil 'sat urday, OctolJcr 16th.

It is proposed to follc)\\ up the Conference with a \Veek-cnd Cour c, open to urgeons of all ranks in the Brigade. Thi would con'i t of a cries of addrl' e and eli cmsion· on yariou. subjects connected with the medical \vork of the Brigade. and commencing after tea on :aturday. October 16th (on which evening thc.r· might he a llprcon' Dinner), it would end about ;>.11 next day.

\ the \\'t:ck-cnd ourSe can only be in tituled if a ·utt" ill1t nllll1h( r of those intere ted g-i,·c carly notice of tlH.ir mtenti()n to attcnd. the urgeon-in-hicf a k Corp' and DI\ ioned urglOJlS throl1ghout the Brigade to communica te at once "'lth their Di trict County Surgeons w"'o \\'ill be kept posted with the progress of arrangemellt. The co t (including hote] accommodation if reql1irl'd) \\ ould he cOll1parati\"Cly small and will be allnou Ilced later.

N o. I (Prince of Wales's) District

The ambulance movement as a whole, and No.1 (Prince of \\ ales's) District in particular, has lo st an enthusiastic me nber and one whose service covered twenty-one years, by the death of District Officer George ydney Pasco, who passed away suddenly on Wednesday evening, July 28th.

Mr. Pasco joined the \,valtham stow Corps in January, 1916, being appointed Corps Officer in 1923. On April 12th, 1932, he was promoted to District Officer at No.1 District Headquarters, and placeJ in charge of the Cadets. 1\1r. Pasco went about his \vork in a quiet, yet efficient manner, which endeared him to those with whom be came in contact. His work was recognised by The Order on July 20th, 1924, when he was admitted as a Serving Brother.

Mr. Pasco was an enthusiastic member of the Hospitalle rs' Club, of which he was a past-president, and was a Fellow of the Zoological Society.

The body of the deceased lay in state in the Priory Church on Tuesday, August 3rd, when many of his colleagues and members of the Brigade paid their last respects.

The interment was at the Golders' Green Crematorium, Where Brigade members, including No. 1 District HeadqUarters Staff, attended.

We offer our deepest condolences to Mrs. Pasco on her great loss.

H ,UIPSTE.\D.- TO 20 (Hampstead) Division held a succe sful Garden Fete, Fun Fair and Dance) at 't. 'tephen's Church Garden and Hall) on Saturday, July 17th, in aid of Divisional funds.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) opened the Fete and was supported by Dr. Arthur Rees (Assistant Commissioner in charge of orthern Area).

During the afternoon several well-known artistes presented a cabarct, which was greatly appreciated.

About 120 friends attended the Dance in the evening which was led by thc Pearl Dance Band.

A uccessful treasure hunt was also arranged and was won by Miss Betty Barrett.

The function was organised by Pte. A. Buzzel.

A course of instruction for men in First Aid to the Injured will be held at the Aldersgate Ward School) 181, Aldersgate treet, E. C.1, commencing '.Vednesday, eptember 22nd. The course will consist of 12 lectures, ix of which will be given by a surgeon; fee, including examination, 3s. 6d. Applications to Mr. F. W. Bishop, 208, Downhills Park Road) N.17.

No. ill District.

The Annual In pection of o. 3 District (Western) was held on the Racecourse, vVarwick, on Sunday, July 18th, Colonel C. ]. Ellis, G. I.G., T.D., M.D., being\ the inp pecting officer.

Between three and four thousand members were on parade and over 100 divisions were repre en ted, and included in that number were those of the Dudley and District Corps, under Corps Supt. A. vVindow, assisted by Corps ecretary E. Lakin, Corps Sergt.-]\.lajor H. vVebb and A.R.P. Corp Officers C. Ollis and B. Dunn.

Following the inspection, Colonel Ellis took the alute at the march past, after which Canon Claude A. H. Ru ell, M.A., T.F.C., conducted the drumhead service.

J\lARK.!!.'T HARBOROUGII.-The annual inspection of the 'larket Harborough Ambulance and ursing Division was held on July 8th) in the grounds of "The Hill," at the invitation of J\lr. Howard Symington.

County Officer Atkins and Lady County Officer J\liss Partridge were the inspectin o officers; Supt. C. H. Maycock being in charge of the men and Lady Supt. Miss icholson of the nurses.

The inspecting officers critically inspected the work and expressed themselves a satisfied with the work done.

Di trict Officer Atkins presented the Men's Divisional Cup to thc winning squad and thanked 1\1r. Symington for lending his grounds.

No. V D istrict

On Sunday, ] uly 25th, the triennial in pection of the T orth Area, o. 5 District was held at Chesterfield, Asst.-Commi sioner H. C. Charribers being in charge of the parade, Lady District Officer Mrs. G. E. Wood, l\I.B.E., being in charge of the nursing divisions.

An air-raid precaution demonstration was included in the work done, ,,,,hich created a good deal of praise from the large number of visitor.

Asst.-Commissioner H. C. Else, deputi ing for Commi sioner Malkin, was the inspecting officer, accompanied by Lady District Supt. l\1r Birkbeck.

Following the inspec t ion, 1J1arch past and demonstrations, Asst.-Commis ioner Else presented Seryice Medals to Pte. ]. Piper (Bolsoyer), CpI. l\1. . Fletcher (Chesterfield). CpI. A. Hollyoak and Pte B. Cooke (Sheepbridge); and 1st Bars to e rgt J. VV. "\Vatson, CpI. T. ]. Woodward and Pte. J. T. v"\ rai nwrig!1t, all of the Sheepbridge di\'i ion. Lady Supt. 1\lrs. H . Barrett and Lady Amb. Officer P. Pogson, of Cresswell ursing Division, rccei\'ed Seryic e lIedals from Mrs. Birkbeck.

The inspecting officers addre ed the paradc, cong ratulat ing those present on their fine display. A word of praise was also extended to thc cadets.

At a luncheon for officers and friends, Asst. Commi ioner Chambcr aid how pleased he was ,,:ith the pa rade and thanked eyeryone for their co-operation.

BRADFoRD.-Asst. Commissioner Dr. 'lV. vVest'Yatson inspected over 300 officers and members of the Bradford Corps, on ] uly 8th.

The parade was under the command of Corps Supt. S. Firth, assisted by Corps Officers P. Thorne, P. P. mith and F. Bland. Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Bruce was in charge of the nursing diyisions, assisted by Lady Corps Officer Mrs. Sacard.

Dr. West-Watson was accompanied by Lady District Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck, and both expressed satisfaction on the parade.

Service Bars were presented as follows: Third Bar, Corps Supt. S. Firth and Corps Sergt.-Major J Hill; First Bars, Corps Officer F. Bland , Div. Supt ]. Rush, and Amb. Officer Gray.

Mayor of Bradford (Ald. G. R. Carter) pald high tnbute to the valuable work done in the city by members of the brigade.

ARMLEY AND WORTLEY DIVISION.-The annual report of this diyision, which was registered on April 4th, 1892, and is one of the oldest in the North of England, has just been issued.

During last ycar a record number of cases, 905, received attention, making the grand total since 1919 of 9,038

For the nineteenth year in succession duty was carried out at the Armley Feast, 51 persons being treated. qther duties included children's sports, public demonstratlOns, galas, amusement centres, etc

In addition to first aid awards, 26 members hold the Home Nursing Certificate, 22 of whom hold pendants; 8 are holders of the Sanitation Certificate and pendants; 9 hold Home Hygiene Certificate and Pendants; and so the division has rt: he proud distinction of possessing every certificate obtainable.

Six members are holders of the Service Medal: Sup t. E. D. Glover, Amh. Officer W. E. Pemment StaffSergt. R. M. Wilkinson, Sergt. V. C. Goodison, H. Taylor and J. Barron, M.M. Some of these have also receiyed bars for further service.

Included in the report is the financial statemen t Supt. Glover thanking tho c who hayc a sisted during past year and oliciting rcnewed help.

t mcmbers of the Corps were being in pected by A t. Commis ioner Dr. \t\' es t\\'atson, on two occasions men were called I rom the rank · to put their knowledge into practical u c. The fir t to a person rescued from thc Rivcr vYhade and th e econd to a man bitten by a dog.

The inspecting officer was accompanied by Distri ct Officer T. ] Allen and Lady District Officer 1\lr:; Geldard.

ervice 1Iedals were prescnted to Lady upt. )'1r 5 E. "\Yhite ( hipley), Lady upt. l\1i F. r owther, La(h Amb. Officcr Mi s L. Lees, and AI S. 1\1. Yeado: (all of Guiseley).

No. VI District

CRAGIIEAD.- vV e have received from Cadet upt. E T attrars, of the Craghead Cadet Division, the report of services rcndered by one of hi ho) :-

"Cadet Campion and three other boy wcre playin g when one of the boy jumped oyer a fencl', slipped am! fell on a broken g la bottle, cycring raciIal and ul m arteries Hearing thc boys houting h) tericall), Ca mpion ran to the cene and immediately applied prc<;ur c abo,'c the WOlU1d, at the same time askin(Y the boys t o seek help-instead they ran a way. Seeing t\\'o men Iw a ked them to lift the boy over the fenct: \\ hik he ti ll maintained pressurc. The e men then ki t him ane! h e carried the boy about 300 yards up an incline to a bu stand. The driver and the conductor helped to put a t()UrI1l quet on the brachial pressure point and they orfered the m a ride, but the boy thought he could manage to walk. They set off but the boy nearly collapsed whIle Campiul was half carrying him. A policeman came on the _' ce!1 ( and put the boy into a bus and took him to ho pi tal ",here he had nine stitches inserted. After the operation th e l\Iatron and Surgeon said that Campion had Sen ed th l boy's life and that he had done a noble deed."

We add our congratulations to Cadet Campio n Whilst lads such as he exists the work of the "Eigh tpointed Cross" will continue to flourish.

CIIAPEL-LE-STREET.-The first annual ' upper all ( soclal of the Chestcr-Ie- treet Brigade was held 011 Jul y 28th. Councillor]. Mills (Chainnan Chcster-Ie-Strcc t U.c.) presided.

M.rs. (wife of Dr. l\IacFarlane) pr csented first ald awards, whdst the scrvices of Dr. 1\IacFarlan L were recognised by the presentation of an inscrib ed barometer.

At. thc invita tion of 1\1r. and Mrs. W. Ropner an mspectlOl1 of the North Riding Divisions was held at Thorpe P.errow !{all, Bedale, 011 Saturday, July 17th. The mspechon was carried out by Colonel Ropn er, M.P. for Barkston Ash, and County Commissioner F. P. Wi lson.

Following the inspection, demonstrations of bandaging, drill, carrying patients and artificial respiratlon wcrc carried out and, in addition, A .R.P. de-contamination, thc demonstrators being in fu lly protective clothing Colonel Ro p ner presented Service Bars to Supt.

FIRST

F a\\ ce tt and Sergt. Jackson (East Cleveland Division), cal h having served 20 years. Amb. Officers Swinnertoll and Reaclman were unable to be present to receive their Bar 'S.

EAST CLEVELAND DrvISION.-This division lost by deat h an excellent officer and member when Amb. Officer J. \ \' Readman passed away on July 29th, following an O]l l ratlO n, Amb. Officer Readman was well-known and highly rc pected in ambulance circles in the North Riding. He secretary of the East Cleveland Diyj ion from it ill( ption in 1915 until quite recently, when ill health com pelled him to re ig-n, and was competition secretary for thc Bricrade in the North Riding for a year. In ad tion he reprc ented the Skinning-roye Iron and Steel We rk on the Korth Riding County Centre S.].A.A. (I] mittee.

.\t the funeral, ounty Commi sioner F. P. 'Vilson, J.I . ,.upt. Knaggs ( 'Vhitley) and mcmbers of the East IE eland Amhulance and ursing Diyi ion, under Amb. Officc r .1 \\ innerton, paid thei r last respects.

At a carnival and gala, held on AugLlst 7th, in aid rd t he Bratton Cottage Hospital, the East Cleveland ision, under upt. J. \\'. Fawcett, gave a di play of hI' aiel.

The quad dealt \yith road accidents, bcing called to aU n d a motor cycli t who had had a fall and sl1stained a mpollnd fracture of ri ght leg-, hones protruding, and ampu tated left hand. A ccond squad g'aye a demonstraIi J1 ho\\ to deal with a man a phyxia.te'd by make fume. '1" ( Eye-Riley Rockin[!, Stretcher \\ a in thi cene.

A large crowel witne cd the elclllul1<;tration and also ",h \\ cd great interest in the new motor ambulance run h.\ th e division.

r-... VII D istrict

The Hon ]. H. Bruce (Commissioner for \Val es) out the annual inspection of thc hropshire DIVI SIons, on Sunday, July 25th.

This was under the command of County C0111Lt.-Colonel C. VV. Eames) D 0., T.D., County OffIc er T. R. Forrester Addie being adjutant

Mr. Bruce, inspecting the parade consisting of amb ulance, nursl11g and cadet battalions, expressed his pl ec; surc at the smartness of the parade.

Headed by the Shrewsbury School 0.T.e. Band, the par ade marched past the in pecting officer and proceeded to St. Chad's Church, where the Rev. M. Hollis gave a ser mon.

Those present included the Mayor (Ald. C. Beddard), Cramty Surgeons F. H. Edwards and W. H. R. Pooler L(1d y Co unty Officers Mrs. E. R. Andrews and the Lad; F or este r. The nursing and cadet units were under the com mand of Lady Supt. Miss H. Corser,

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District

.!?ARTFORD - unday, July 18th) was a "red letter"

111 the history of the Dartford Divisions. On that ( ffia,tc the new motor ambulance was dedicated and the () c I' 1 1 la open1l1g of the magmficent headquarters was C d.

AI])

The proceedings were attended by the Mayor and Mayoress C?f Dartiord (Councillor and Mrs. Alec Webb), Canon Elhott Marshall, R.D., Miss Marie Serena, the donor of the new headquarters, Sir Percival Wilkinson of. the Order) and Lady Wilkinson, CommlsslOner E. A. RIchards, Asst. Commissioner Maj or Asst. H. J. Wrigglesworth) Lady Dlstnct Officers :M1SS May and Mrs. Hubbard, Div. T. S. Cockrane, Supt. Broobvell) Lady Supt. MISS ]. S. Anderson, members of the Council and representatives of other local organisations Members of surrounding divisions also lent their support by their attendance.

At the dedication of the new ambulance the Mayor said the old ambulance had travelled 25,000 miles and removed 2,000 patients. Since the formation of the division in 1931, members had attended over 2 000 accidents and cases of sudden illness and 735 :oad accidents. At local hospitals nurses had put in 2,641 attendances.

Lady vVilkinson performed the opening ceremony of the ne\\- headquarters and Commissioner Richards preided at the meeting.

The Chairman said it was impossible to express all he felt in regard to Miss Marie Serena's gift to the Dartford Diyision, which would now have at its command a truly magnificent building in which members could advance their knowledo-e and perfect their public service.

Sir Percival vVilkinson, on behalf of The Order, accepted the deeds of the Serena 11emorial Headquarters to be held for the use of the Dartford Division Sir Percival outlined the growth of the ambulance work and thanked s Serena for the great gift. erena, in a charming speech, first thanked Wilkinso.n. for the building and Canon for CJ 1V1l1g God s blessinO' to the house. Her heart's de ire had been and she trusted that the headquarters would be of use in renderinO' assistance to those in need of first aid and nursing service.

IIoRSHAM.-Whilst participating in the fete in aid of fund, held on July 22nd, members of the IIorsham DIVISlOl1 were called away to convey a patient to Gloucestershire.

The fete was a great success and included many items whlch drew O'reat applause. The Horsham and District Iotor Cycle and. Light Club staged a motor cycle gymkhana, other ltems bell1g races for women and childrcn, gymnastics, whist drive, etc.

QUEENBOROUGII.-On Sunday, August 1st, the new of the Queenborough Division ,,'ere offiCIally opened before a large audience.

.Headed 1;>y. the Division Band, the proceSSlOn, conslstl11g of Bngade Units, the Mayor and Corporation, Fire Brigade, etc., marched to the ne" bui lding, w hich had been erected by voluntary labour and subscriptions.

The Queensborough Division, .under Supt. H Fagg, formed a guard of honour outslde the new buildino' which was dedicated by the Vicar, the Rev W, H. B.A.

County Surgeon Dr. H. A. Madwar handed the .G R. Stevens) the key and after dec1anng the bl11ldl11g open handed it to A t. Commissioner John Day, who accepted it on behalf of the Order and then handed it to Supt. Fagg.

The May o r said that the building would be a

memorial to the loyalty and voluntary service of the Queensborough Division to the cause of humanity.

On entering the building, Asst. Commissioner Day UllYeiled a framed portrait of County Surgeon H. A. 1Iadwar whose labours, he said, had been mainly responsible for the new headquarters.

No. IX District

Organised by Corps Sergt. Major A. Parkin, of the S.\V. Devon, E. Cornwall and Plymouth County Staff, a very successful revival of the County Ambulance Cadet Competition for the "Sloman" Cup and the gold medal presented by the late 11r. Arthur B. Dale (Editor of First Aid "), took place at the Ambulance Hall, Plymouth, on July 23rd. The judges were Lt.-Colonel J. P. S t ephens \Vard, County Surgeon,. and County Officer T. D. Perkins, with the co-operatIOll of Corps Officer C. M. Ball, Staff Officer for Ambulance Cadets. County Commissioner H. V. Miller, O.B.E., presided at the subsequent function and paid tribute to the officers and members deyeloping cadet activities.

Lady Humphreys, Officer of the Order) graciously presented the trophies as follows :-" Sloman" Cup, Plymouth Central Cadets; Dale" Gold Medal, Cobourg Street Public Central School Cadets first team. Prizes were also awarded to indiyidual members of three teams and Cadet Cecil Duggua, of the Public Central School TO. 2 Team, won the special prize for the competitor with the highest percentage of marks.

Brigade personnel in the Plymouth Port anel Garrison Area were well represented at the night CoastDefence Exercises last month, when Air Raid Precaution were tried at certain important Southern ports.

During the night of the "black out" in Plymouth a fleet of seven ambulances stood by at four stations, their crews wearing respirators and, in some cases} steel helmets and protective clothing. Nurses were on duty as well as men and several private car owners co-operated.

The model gas-proofed room at the Notte Street, Plymouth) St. John Ambulance Station created a lot of interest.

Between 1.0 and 2.0 a.m., after the "raiders" had been over the Port) the Admiralty telephone exchange was supposed to be demolished, and the St. John Ambulance parties were transported to the scene as fast as was safe in the darkened streets. Supposed casualities had to be located by " clues" given by chalk marks found with the help of hand lamps.

The Divisions at Tavistock and Saltash (towns also in the Plymouth garrison area) very effectively organised their ambulance work and some quite realistic night practice was carried out, including systematic message transmission with the Central Watch Room of the St. John Ambulance Service, adjoining the Plymouth City Police and Fire Headquarters.

On July 9th a combined jubilee inspection of the ambulance, nursing and cadet divisions in the County of Plymouth, South-West Devon and East Cornwall, under the command of County Commissioner Hedley V. Miller, O. B. E., was carried out by Colonel C. 1. Ellis, who deputised for Colonel J. L. Sleeman (Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas), whose absence through illness was much regretted.

A great crowd witnessed the ceremony and th e inspecting officer was accompanied on his round by th e Lord Mayor of Plymouth.

The Chaplain of the Forces (Rev. S. J. Squires), an d the local Ambulance Chaplain (Rev. E. Marshall Moyle ), conducted a brief re-dedication service.

After the inspection a social gathering was held at which nearly 400 officers and members of the Brigad e together with prominent supporter, Mr. W. Edwin Beckl ), M.C., B. Com. (Chairman of the Association), presidin t-. Colonel Ellis in his report to the Chief Commission er paid high tribute to the efficiency displayed and co ngratulated Commissioner Miller and his officers on the meticulous care with which every detail had been work ed out beforehand.

No. X District

BEccLEs. The annual field day of the Divis.ioI: was hel? on July 18th at Benacre Park} by k llld permISSIOn of SIr Thomas Gooch, Ba rt.' upt. W. l. \Vatts was in charge with Lady upt. Miss E. Ted der at the head of the nursing persollnel. i!dct Officer A Piper and Cadet Mi s L. Robin o n \nre 111 ch argt of, Boy and GIrl Cadets respecti\ d). The Bun ga\ Drvislon, w1der Supt. B. II. 13ex.field) and a contil1 CT e l' from Yarmouth Division, t:nder Supt. Ogle by, were (I present.

Acting County Commissi o ner Dr. Fryer, who \\d'i accompanied by Lady Di triet 'upt. Mrs. Porter, Di n'l Officers F. E. T ethercoat and J. E. Death ane! L ac\ County Officer Mis L. Parker, inspected the parade ;II cI took the salute at the march past. Dr. Fryer later r rf' sente.d Mr. C. L. Hamby with his hadge of OffiCL .\ PreSIdent of the Beec1e Di\ i ion, Dr. II{J\\ ard F. r with his warrant as yice - Pre 'i dem, and :\Ii ':i Tcd d( r with her \\-arrant as Lady DiyislOnal :upcrJlltcndent. followed an examination by Di v. 'urgeon I-I. C. Wood-HIlI, J.P., and Dr. Warner the cadets actin O' s patients. ;-,

In .the aftern,?on Commander A. R. B. Phelp (Cou llt) AIr Rc:1d PrecautlOns qfficer for East Suffolk) organi scl1 dem.onstratlon and later gave a talk on ga'i 111 aIr raId'S, WIth special reference to the afterno o n operations.

The field day concluded with a drumhead service conducted by the Rev. L. W. Wingfield (rector of Benacre).

• Althol:lgh marred by frequent rainstorms the gard cll fete orgamsed by the Beccles Division realised about £ 50 to divisional funds.

Mr. C. L. Hamby, President, kindly placed "Hom cfield," Ballgate, at the Division's disposal and he w as responsible for the great.er part of the arrangements.

Th,ere many SIde shows and open-air dancin g 111 the Illumll1ated grounds in the evening.

LowEsToFT.-Mr. Ernest Taylor, for 17 years supe r 1l1tendent of the Lowestoft Division, died On Saturday, July 24th) at his home.

Mr. Taylor had a long association with the Briga de , being the holder of the Service medal and bar. His wo r k was recognised a few years ago by The Order conferrin g the honour of Serving Brother upon him.

At the funeral members of the Brigade formed a guard of honour.

Priory for Wales.

After a postponement from June 16th to permit of the entry of a fourth team, the third annual competition for employees of pas nger en'ice undertakings in Cardiff and Di trict wa held at Newport. ;\lon., under the Chairmanship of :\1r. N. j. Young, :\1. B.E. , General :\1anager, County Borough of Newport Electricity and Tral11\.\'a)s Department, on July 21 t. The \\' re Dr. C rban wansea; Dr. G. \V. Parry, r\bergavenny; Dr. j. 1\1. Wilson, .\berdare; and Dr. ]. r. ]. Jenkin, Griffithstown, whose award v.ere as under ;Order of ;\leril. 1ndi, idual. Practical. Total.

\\fe tern \\' bh, .\berdare 314 113 427 Cardiff Tran port Dept. 273 r\cwporl EIl'ctricil) and 378t Transport Dept. 2-1b 117 363 {'. D. 255

too frequently; and many of the employees carry small O.1tfits at their own expense.

The team test set by Dr. Jenkins, given below, was an appropriate illustration of a situation with which the driver or conductor of all types of public service vehicles should be competent to deal ;-

"You are travelling in a bus when you see a cyclist skid on some loose gravel and thrown to the side of the road where he lies sLil1.

"Iniuries.-Bruised side of face, gravel rash on face, hands and knee, a cut over rig-ht tibia, slig-ht ha'morrhage, bone protruding, slight bruise lett side of head, cerebral hremorrhage. "

DETAILS OF TEST.

top bus

Rapidly get to accident

Careful examination of the situation

Rapid examination of patient

upcrior Officers of the Priory for Wales.

From left: The Hon. John H. Bruce, J. P., D. L. (Comrni sioner for Wales); lr. A. G. E. J. Fudge (Assistant Commissioner); Lady (IIerbert) Lewis, O. B. E. (Assistant Lady Supt.-in-Chief) ; Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C. B. E., J. P. (Surgeonin-Chief).

It was a sati factory result inasmuch as the trophy was secured by an Aberdare team for the first time after having been held by ewport for two years in succession, while the entry of the Caerphilly team marked its debut into competition work.

The Mayor of Newport, Alderman 1. C. Vincent, presented the" Lallie Cornelius-Griffiths " bowl, congratulating Aberdare team on its success and paying high tribute to those responsible for the development at the Ambulance Movement.

The Hon. John H. 8ruce, J.P., D.L. (Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales) thanked the Chairman for his unfailing support and mentioned that but for the generous interest of the Corporations of Cardiff and Newport the event would have fallen through.

The development of ambulance work among road transport workers is difficult to prornote, particularly in view of the absence of legislation requiring first aid requisites to be provided on all types of public service vehicles. Instances of the need for such provision, however, are occurring far

Speak to patent. No answer

Examine patient in sz'tu

Hc:emorrhage? None seen

Face? Pale Pulse? Quick Respiration? hallow

Pupils? As they are. Proper ex;:)mination

Examine head. Slight bruise left side

No cut or bleeding

Face. Gravel rash left cheek. ..

Arms and hand. Gra\"el rash on palms

Legs. Gravel rash on right knee.

Cut over right tibia, slight hc:emorrhage, bone protruding

Body. No injuries

Carefully support leg

Support head, and watch face, breathing, etc. Remove cycle Hospital? Two miles away ,

2 3 2 4

CARDIFF AND DISTRI T ROAD TRANSPORT Al\IBULANCE COM PETITION.

Doctor not available at present

Lay patient on back, head to one side

Lower head and shoulders

Undo tight clothing

Ice and cold water to head

Fresh air

Keep patient warm

Carefully watch pulse, respiration, and coloUI-

Face now flushed (in 12 mins.)

Pulse full and slow

Breathing stertorous

Pupils? as they are (uneven to be found)

Discharge from nose or ears? No

Body temperature raised? Yes

Raise head and shoulders

Lower feet

Steady and support leg properly

Clean fingers

Foreign bodies in wound: 1\0

Assistant Director of Transport, presided at a meeting of tbe Motor Ambulance Transport Sub-Committee of the Priory on July 29th, at which the working of the Transport ervice during the past quarter was reviewed.

The growing importance of this work, consequent not only upon the increasing- accident toll but. also extension of hospital and institutional nursing facilIties, IS reflected in the persistent rise in the number of .cases carried and mileatYe tra\ elled year by year; and dUrIng the three months June 30th, 4,4-98 removals were efTected, involving a total mileage of 73,048, these figures being an increase of 702 cases and 7,4-65 miles 011 the June quarter of 1936.

A further reduction from 1, - to 9d. per mile was agreed in the charo-e for removals undertaken for the Health Services on of over 100 mi les.

The Committee confirmed contracts made With l\Je r.

D. J. Herbert Ltd., for Cincoed Quarries; l\1essr Turners Asbestos Cement Co., Messrs. Demolition and Constru c tion

The Han. John H. Beuce (Commissioner for WC'des) inspecting the Penyrheol Divisional A.R. P. Unit.

Clean dressing Bandage

Apply splints to outer and inner side of leg

Secure with five bandages

Clean all gravel rashes with iodine

Clean dressings

Triangular bandages

Send proper message to hospital

Prepare stretcher

Load stretcher

Taking special care of head and leg

Lift stretcher

Carry to bus

Load stretcher into bus through emergency exit if necessary

Keep head up and feet down watch over patient en route Directions to driver

to hospital on arrival. Diagnosis, etc.

smartness and efficiency

Colonel W. Talbot Woods, D.L., D.S.O., M.C., the

Co. Ltd., St. Athan and Messrs. Brynhenllys Anthracit e Colliery Ltd., and with Colliery Lodges at Brunant, Lower Gilfach and Y nis. At the end of last year there were 25 Colliery Companies subscribing at the rate of one shilling per man per annum in respect of 43,000 men employed in 68 collieries and eight other companies covering 900 men. This contract relieves the owner, in a manner fully approved by the Mines Department, of his statutory obligations as to the provision of ambulance transport for the purpose of conveying sick or injured workmen to hospital or home.

An unlimited call upon the Service is secured to th e workmen and his dependents by a weekly contribution of one penny and 62 Colliery Lodges with an aggregat e membership of 62,000 and 57 other Bodies, covering 4,500 are subscribing at this rate. In some thirty areas, private individuals up to a total of 3,400 are contributing on a similar basis, which is reduced by half in the case of the unemployed, old age pensioners and widows of subscribers.

COMPETITIONS AT THE N AT/ONAL EISTEDDFOD AND ROYAL WELSIl SHOW.

A full programme of ambulance competitions was carried out on the first day of the Ruyal National Eisteddfod at Machynlleth ; and no less than sixteen medical men were

FIRST AID

throughout the in deciding the comparative 1l1 ef'ts of the teams from PolIce Forces of several counties q uarrymen, colliery workers and railwaymen on the de housewives, shop assistants and others among the n ursing teams.

The" Lady Bute " Cup of the Priory went to the Builth W ells S.J . A.B. Nursing team, in charge of Miss D. M. Price. Welshpool No.1 team B. R S. came second and ,Velshpool S.]. A. B. Tursing team third.

The Llanrug Girl Guides in charo-e of 1iss Lily \\ illiams secured the" Gwent" hield. b

The" Dr. R. D. Thomas" Cup for the team from Ca rdiganshire, lerioneth, lonrgomeryshire and Radnorh ire gaining the highest marks in the open competition, \ a s won by Bryneglw)'s Quarry Ambulance Team, in h arge of 1\lr. David R.. Roberts.

Another cup, pre ented by :\[rs. ]. C. Ashton to the team from Cardi'Yanshire, Merioneth, l\!ontg-omeryIme Radnor hire gaining hig-hest mark in the open o m petitIOn was awarded to INel hpool No.1 Red Cross

Te am

Th e " Lady Lewis" Cup of the Priory, for which there we re fifteen entrants , was \\'on by the l\lonmouthshire

Po lice team, with S ]. A B. team second and 8 re con hire Police t\mbulan ce third.

Th "lea" 'hield open to teams of boys under 18

.\'a won by the Trl:.harri s Division Cadets, with Dyffryn Cadet team ccond, and Fishguard and Good wick t hI rd

\l the Royal \\ el h Ag-ricultural ociely's Annual Show

a t ?\Ionmouth, the three cu tomary contests \\'ere arrancyed sa tisfactorily; and the follov. ing teams were

lass 1, ilver Challenge hi e ld for teams of men in and lonmouth hire holding recognised first aid ce rtIficates, for which ther e were six entries, won by the 2\lonm outh hire Police team, with Pont) pool Road G. W. R. l earn second.

Class 2, ilver C'halleng-e Cup for tealns of women :, warded to the Denbio h 10 V.A.D., with lonmouth 10 '·. A.D. second. b

lass 3, " Arnallt Jones" Shield for Boy Cadets of the t. John Ambulance Brigade, won by Fishguard and Goodw ick adet Team, with vVaunllwyd team second.

The trophies were presented to the winning teams in t he Main Ring by the :'.Iayor and l\layoress of !'Ilonmouth, Councillor the W a and 1\1 rs. Jones. The iayor t ook an opportunity of referrIng- to the services rendered bv t he voluntary personnel on duty during the whole period of t he thr.ee.days show, which had been ably arranged by the CommiSSIOner for Monmouthshire, Captain S. T. Beard, B. E. Two fully equipped tents were erected in the and the duties were undertaken by twelve Units of he BrIgade and the local Detachment of the British Red C ross Society. Treatment of a total of forty-three cases fortunately none serious, was recorded.

On July 10th Miss Dorothy Perfect and her pupils presented "Punch Bowl" at the Wimbledon Theatre in a id of the funds of the Wimbledon Ambulance and Divisions. An excellent entertainment was given. those present were the Mayor and Deputy-Mayor, Captain A. C. White Knox, M. C. (Asst. Commissioner) and Mrs. \Vhite Knox, and Lady District Officer 1iss Grindley.

We are prepared to suppl y Ambulance Se c retaries an d other s with specimen copies of this Jourllal fer di stribution among their members. Apply to the Pu blishers , AlP, 46 Cannon St .• LOQ4op E.C .

Circulation.

By WILLIAM HUGHES, B.Sc., M.R C.S.,

RETUR TING from an early morning call and finding FIRST AID in my post bag, I glanced through my copy and noted that the old timer" \Vhy does the pulmonary vein contain pure blood" is still turning up I therefore penned these few notes which may be of assistance.

1. The right side of the heart always contains impure blood.

The left side of the heart always contains pure blood.

2. There is no direct communication between the two sides of the heart.

3. Each side of the heart is divided into two portions (a) a pumping part (ventricle) (b) a recei ving part (au ricle).

4. An artery is a vessel conveying blood away from the heart.

5. A vez'n is a vessel conveying blood towards the heart.

Having got these facts firmly rooted in your mind, you cannot go wrong, no matter at what site in circulation you start; e. g., trace the path of a blood corpuscle at present in the small veins.

I would suggest that one should reason out the answer like this:

The veins contain impure blood back to the heart (because of definition 5), so the small veins unite to form large veins, which ultimately lead to the receiving part of the heart (auricle), impure blo?d, therefore right side of heart, i.e . , right aUrIcle. Before It can be used again it must be purified and therefore it must be pumped to the !ungs by the pumping part of the heart (ventricle), Impure blood, therefore right venticle.

Purification takes place in the lunas therefore it must be conveyed there by a ' taking blood away from the heart-the Pulmonary Artery.

After purification it must return to the heart to be used again and is conveyed to the heart by a vessel bringing blood towards the the pulmonary vez'n. It must go to the receiving part of hear t (auricle) and it is pure blood, therefore It must go to the left side of the hearti e., left auricle It must then go to the pumping chamber to be sent around the body, therefore it must go the left ventricle. Thereafter, aortaarteries - cap illaries-veins, where we started from.

The valves separating the auricles from the ventricles are the mitral and the tricuspid.

The bishop carries a mitre and he is never in the right, so the mitral valve is on the left side of the hear t and the tricuspid on the right.

I hope this might be of little help to those w h o are prepared t o reason things out qnd not to leq r n thi n gs pa r rot fqshi o n,

Railway Ambulance News.

I nter- Railway Co mpeti t ion , 19 3 7.

DIVIDUAL

Kos. 1 A TO 4.-You are called to a platelayer who was struck by an engine while shunting operations were in progress. He was flung clear of the line. You have a first aid havresack with you, and there is a refreshment room and telephone at the station near by. There is a bystander.

JUDGE'S

No.2. -A passenger, while alighting from a train , stumbles on to the platform and falls; he cries out with pain.

There is first aid kit in the Porters' Room and a Refreshmen t Room and telephone near by. Treat the case. Tim allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when you receive this card. JUDGE'S Note.-Patient lying on back. Swollen righ ankle.

Any visible signs of hremorrhage (no)

Ask patient where he feels pain (in right ankle)

Caution patient to keep still

A k if patient has pain anywhere else (no)

Examine ankle

Is there loss of power in t he limb (yes)

Find fixitv of joint .. .

Find deformity

Find swelling

l!, it numb below the seat of injury (yes)

Support limb in position which gives ease

Take patient to Porters' Room

Remove by Human Crutch

On arrival rest patient on couch in most position

A porter has arrived)

Is pain severe and sickening (ye )

Remove shoe and sock

Send to Refreshment R00m for ice or cold water dressings and apply frequently

Does cold now cease to relieve pain (yes)

Cover patient with blankets, hot water bottles properly covered and tested. lTndo tight clothing. Give

No. 3.-You see a man drink something out of a bottl e and fall down. There is a bystander. First aid material is available and there is a refreshment room near by. Trea t the case. Time allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when yo u receive this card.

JUDGE'S NOTE.-Patientlyingon his back in convulsions

Find bottle labelled" Vermin Killer)) and preserve it

Send for a doctor immediately

Is patient breathing (no)

Is he in convulsions (yes)

Is the body arched (yes)

Decide cannot do artificial respiration at present

Are the lips burned (no)

Is there any froth coming from the mouth (no)

What is the colour of the face (livid)

Has he bitten his tongue (not as yet)

Protect tongue

Send for material and prepare emetic (tablespoon of mustard to glass of lukewarm water or two tab lespoons of salt to glass of lukewarm water) 2

Has he vomited (no)

Wait for convulsions to pass off 2

Send for and cover patient with bll3,nkets ,..

FIRST

Se nd for and apply hot water bottles-covered and tested

I "'epare receiver for vomit (At half time. Judge: Convulsions have passed. )

1 u rn patient on his face

1\" ms extended

Tu rn patient's head to one ide

Art ificial respiration correctly performed (patient IS now breathing)

artificial respiration to correspond to patient's breathing (he is breathing properly)

Ge ntly turn patient over

Te st ability to swallow (patient swallows)

Civ e patient emetic (he vomits)

I re sen e 'om it nd for and gi\e milk, raw eggs, strong tea; or cream and nour beaten up together

Tre at collapse by rai ing feet, bandaging Iimhs, etc.

1 ag-no i : trychnine poisoning

AID -

Use encouraging words

Make patient lie down and steady limbs

Carefully remove clothing

Except where it sticks to skin

Send bystander to bakery for basin of hot water, spoon, and baking soda

At once bathe parts with solution of baking soda (one dessert spoonful to 1 pint of warm water)

Exclude air

Apply strips of lint soaked in baking soda solution

Treat shock

Send to bakery for blankets and keep warm till ambulance arrives

Give hot drink (from bakery)

Steady legs and tie to£;ether

Send for doctor and ambulance

Care and efficiency

S.J.A.B.

Ca ptain \. C. White Knox, :'I1.C., l\1.B. (Asst. Commissioner) and District Officer Clifford after in pecting the Di\,is , ::n.

Judge: To what group of poisons does this belong? Gre a t We st er n. ms wer: Convulsant group of narcotic poisons 3

Total 50

No. 5.-0n your way home from a first aid practice you 1o ti c0 a lorry laden with large jars of commercial sulphuric cid oroceeding along the street. Just after you have pas sed the lorry you hear a shout, and on turning round you fin d that one of the jars has fallen off the lorry and that a pas ser-by has been splashed on both legs by the contents. T he accident happens just outside a bakery, and you are carrving your first aid havresack. There is a bystander. Treat the case. Time allowed. 8 minutes, beginning when yo u receive this card.

JUDGE'S TOTE.-Patient sitting on ground and calling out that he has acute pain.

H asten to patient... 2

Ca refully remove to safe distance from spilled acid, care to avoid contact with acid 3

W arn bystander ;3

TRAWSCOED AND LLANAFAN.-At the Church Hall , Llanafan, on July 30th, members of the G.'\V.l3-. ambulance team and Llanafan clas met to recelye theIr trophies, prizes and other awards at the hands of the Earl of Lisburne. The gathering, which took the form of a supper and concert, was presided over by Mr. J. W. Enser, District Traffic l\lanager, Oswestry. who congratulated the Trawscoed team, and its captain, Mr. J. C. Blayney, on their success. He referred to the progress made in the Central Wales ambulance division, 16 classes haying been held, and 327 men having successfully passed their examination. No fewer than 98 of its members held medals for 15 years' efficiency. 1\1r. Enser appealed for further recruits to the movement.

The Earl of Lisburne presented the Trawscoed team with the "Cambrian 1/ Shield and" Y twyth I) Cup \von in the divisional competitions, together with directors' prizes, consisting of suit cases. He also presented a special certificate for exceptionally efficient first aid to 1\1r. Emrys E. Jones of Tewtown, and gold efficiency medals to members of the class. Examination awards won by

No. 47 (Willow Walk) Divi ion,

AID

Llanafan class were distributed by the vicar, Rev. J. Jenkins) who paid tribute to the excellent work accomplished by the class. The County Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Chief Constable Steven J ones, spoke of the increasing interest taken in the moyement in Cardiganshire, and said he considered first aid work ,yas inyaluable in remote country districts where doctors ,';ere less easily ayailable than in towns. The musical programme rendered during the evening was of a high order.

OLD OAK CmI ION.-At the conclusion of the annual general meeting of the Old Oak Common ambulance class, held on July 22nd, 1\1r. J. Snook, class secretary, presented examination awards to successful students, and thanked them for their support during the past session. Arrangements were made for the organisation of the class for the autumn session and Mr. Snook made a special appeal for new members for the \,> inter practices.

london, Mid land and Scottish.

CHESTER.-At a recent meeting of the Permanent vVay Section of the Engineering Department, Inspector R. F. Phillips presented members with awards gained during the 1936-37 season. These consisted of 6 medallions, 7 bars, 5 vouchers and 5 1936 certificates.

Inspector Phillips also referred to the success with which members had met in local and district competitions and said that 30 prizes had been gained by the department in the course of two s·easons.

CREWE.-Gifts consisting of a silver cigarette case and a holder in a silver case were recently presented to Mr. Alfred Brookes by the men of the North Steam Shed to mark their appreciation of his services. Mr. W. E. Blakesley also handed to Mr. Brookes the gold label for 35 years' service to the Ambulance Movement.

Mr. Brookes was awarded the Serbian Cross of Mercy by King Peter I for his work in Macedonia during the Great "Var and in 1929 received the Serving Brother of The Order of St. John. He also holds the Brigade long service medal bar) L.M.S. gold medal and bars for 30 years ambulance work, and the L.N.W. silver medal.

Mr. Brookes is secretary of the Steam Sheds Welfare Committee and in that capacity has been responsible for raising considerable sums of money for charity.

HUDDERSFIELD.-Sir Errunanuel Hoyle recently distributed awards gained by members at the proficiency examination held last March. The awards consisted of 31 labels, 4 medallions, 1 voucher and 5 certificates. Messrs. H. R. Brown and Robert Drake received gold bars (25 years).

In recognition of his services as lecturer, Dr. Ingham was presented with a leather shirt and collar case by the Chairman, Mr. S. Muff.

STAFFORD.-The individual competition for the II Thomas Howard" Silver Cup brought the 1936-37 season to a close. The test was set and judged by Dr. Charles Reid and the winner was Mr. R. J. Polly with Mr. H. Taylor (holder) occupying second place. Mrs. Howard, who gave the trophy, also provided a silver miniature for

the winner. Seven certificates) one medallion and twenty labels were won by members during the season; Mr. A. Holmes received a gold mcdal for long scrvice.

london and North Eastern.

The General Ambulance Secretary of the North -' Eastern Area (Mr. . Cooper) has recently issued hi s annual report for the year ended June 30th, 1937.

During the year 167 classes were formed as follows: Darlington District, 25; Hull District, 21; Leeds District , 13; Middlesbrough District, 25; Newcastle District, 50 York District, 33. Unfortunately 10 of these were unabl e to be examined before the year was completed, but in spite of this the number examined (157) con tituted a record for the area.

The number of awards gained were :-648 certificat e, 410 "ouchers, 289 medallions and 1,810 label, making a total of 3) 157, an increase of 289 over the previous ye ar. We note with interest that the number of first )e ar students shows an increase of 127. Since the formati on of the N.E. Area a grand total of 53,844 awards hav e been gained.

The district returns for cases treated give the follo wing figures: Darlington, 27,661; Hull, 13,575; Leeds, 5,626 · Middlesbrough, 6,199; Newcastle) 11,401; York, 12,174. making a grand total since 1896 of over one and thre e quarter millions.

Competitions were well supported, the District eve n. being won by Tyne Dock team, who gained second pla ce in the Group Competition, seventh in the Inter-Railwa y, and crowned their efforts by gaining first place in th e International competition. Mr. e. M. Jenkin Jone s, Divisional General Manager and President of the Area presented to each member of the team a photograph o f the presentation of the shield at the last event. Since the last report 25 long service gold medals hav e been gained, also 8 bars for 20 years, 7 for 25 years, an d 2 for 35 years.

Mr. Cooper concludes his report with sincere thank s to the Centre Chairman District and Class Secretaries, instructors and others for their valuable help.

"Ve congratulate the North Eastern Area on its excellent year of progress and wish them further honours in the future.

IPswlcH.-Members of the L.N.E.R. No.1 Division spent an enjoyable and interesting afternoon at A?bey Oaks, Sproughton} by kind invitation of Lord Woodbndge who presented the awards gained durig this year.

Captain W. Goodley, M.e. (Centre Secretary) and Mr. G. B. Hennessy (Loco. Supt. and President) both expressed thanks to Lord Woodbridge for his kindness and the interest shown in the movement.

The Hon. Secretary (Mr. W. H. Brown) reported that all members who sat for the examination passed.

Southern.

The Southern Railway Centre Committee Certificates for long and meritorious first aid service have been awarded to: Porter G. A. Scott) Ramsgate; Dock pOlier H. W. Ince) Newhaven Harbour; R. Pullen, LengthIl:1an, Balcomb; Plumber A. W. Mitchell} Clapham JunctlOn; Collector F. Cox, Canterbury; H. Freakes, Stationmaster, Polegate; Lengthman G. Franklin/ Droxford.

FIRST

CANTERBURY.-The awards gained by the members of t'. e above clas wcre presented recently by 1\1rs. Harrison (w i[e of the Clas Lecturer). After the presentation Mrs. H arrison spoke on thc cause of First Aid," and said how pleased she \\"as to be with the mcmbcrs once again.

During thc evening the Masqucraders Concert Party ITa c a \'Cry enjoyable performance.

LONG. ER\'ICE.-Thc undermentioncd members of thc '1 uthern Railway "tari have satisfied the requirements 0 r he for no Ie s than 30 years in succession, and a peclal award has been made to them in connection • 11(' re\\'ith: George II. hippendale GanO'er Mitcham' Frc de:rick Hopkin, "cnior Dock 'Folkestone: 'a nuILI A. Bromley, Guard, Tonhriclge; John' Tod, ma n. lade Green; Arthur \V. '."ood, Fitter, Ashford \ro rks; (harlc II..J. Ticholls, Painter Ashford \Vork t,r lllst]. Pre\\', \Vest Croydun'; Arthur A. "VeIls: Gu ard, Crystal Palace; IIarry IIllnneybell, Driver, Recl11111 ; Clement \\r. Selden, Signalman, Chilworth; !fred C;o ddarcl. tore mall. Lancing' \\'orb: Arthur An ley, • fo tonnan, Crystal Palace; ha rles \Vood, Signalman, Cro whurst: Frederick abinc. Guard, Deal ; Joseph Ho lness, Porter, haring eros ; Theodore Palmer, Parcels F? rcIllJn. IIolllorn: John !10dnin. Lengthman, \\ (}ml; Peter P[}vett) rl1ard, Ram.gate; FrederIck

\Ya tso.l1. Henry In pector, 1 onbndO'c; \\ dlJal11 • c\\'man. Guard 1 onhrtclo-e' Charles ,fe rcer. FIrelighter. Tonhric1ge: Reuhen It' Kimher, ig- nallllan. hih\orth.

Ambu 1ance from News Cuttings the Press.

Th e Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column.

lAN P LLEO LIn; RAIL.

A mental patient from Holloway Sanatorium, who was \ Ith an attendant, was seen to come in contact with a live r il on the outhern Railway line at Virginia V\'ater 'italion. 1e':11bers of the station taff, putting on rubber g lo\'es, pu lled hIm from tht: rail. The man was unconscious, but rec overed afte r artificial respiration had been applied, and he taken back to the sanatorium suffering from burns to hls feet.-Evenz'7zg Ne71.ls.

AID 39

KITTEN KILLS SLEEPING BABY.

While a four-month-old boy lay sleeping in his perambulator, a kitten jumped on the pram and nestled on the chi ld's face.

When the mother went to visit the child the kitten jumped off the pram and ran away. The baby was unconscious. Restoratives failed.

At the inquest a doctor said the child had been surfocated by the kitten lying across the child's face. The baby's arms were held down by coverings and he was unahle to push the kitten away. - Daz'l.y Mirror.

Boy SAVED BY WINDOW SASH

A four-year-old boy, of Kentish Town, London, climbed on a sewing machine at his home to look d::>wn on the street two floors below, when he toppled forward through the partly-opened window.

He seemed certain to fall to the ground-but at that moment the window sash dropped and trapped him by the legs. As he hung partly out of the window, he was seen by a policeman, who ran into the house and released him being none the worse. -Jiol'nillg Post

BEE UPSETS CAR.

A bee was the cause of a saloon car overturning at \Vombourne, near \Vol verhampton. The driver was temporarily blinded because the bee got between his glasses and his face, and in trying to get rid of the bee he brushed off his He and his two passengers were slightly injured. -S711lda..J1 Express.

SHOCK FOR FIRST AIDER.

An ambulance man at Sittingbourne (Kent) who was attending to a man in a state of collapse, had a disturbing experience. He was undressing the patient and had difficulty in taking off one of his shoes.

Tugging at it and giving an extra hard pull the shoe would not move and to his surprise the man's right foot came a way in his hand. Not daring to look inside the shoe, it took some time for the relati\'es to con\'ince the am bulance man that the foot was artificial. A stilT dose of brandy revi\'ed him.- Dnz'l,y JJ.li1'r01'.

DA GERS OF fHROAT TABLETS.

Loose potassium chlorate throat tablets in the pocket of a Biggleswade rate collector's clerk, suddenly ignited as he put on his coat to leave the office yesterday and his clothes burst into flames.

DROVE EXPRESS WITII FRACTURED ARM.

Driver G. Williams, of Crewe, was standing at the co ntrols of the L. M. S. Aberdeen express as it roared northwards At Chelmscote, three miles south of Bletchley, he suddenly received a smashing blow on the arm. HIS arm was fractured; it had been struck by the mail· bag a pparatus .

\Villiams stuck to his post, however, and took the expr: ss on to Bletchley. There a relief driver was obtamed, and Williams was taken on to Crewe and then to hospita l.

Last July Driver A. Peacock had his ann broken by the apparatus at Hitchin when driving- the L. N. E. R. • cottlsh express.-fJailJI Sketch.

A coIleague who works with him, threw the office mat round him and put out the blaze, but the patient was badly burned on the arms and legs. It is thought that the tablets must have rubbed against a safety match box. A warninais issued by the chemist selling them that friction causes to ignite.-Dai& J1fi'rror.

Every penny spent on advertising creates prestige , standing and reputation for the firm that spends it. It may not be discernable in immediate results, but the effect is certain and the power cumUlative.

Letters to the Editor.

\Ve are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.-EoITOR.

TOO fAN\, MEDAL.

DEAR SIR,-

was much interested to read the article in your January issue headed "Too l\lany l\1edals," for in my opinion what is stated therein badly needed saying and those who haye the best interests of the ambulance mo, ement at heart will be grateful for that contribution. The writer has certainly said what many of the older workers in the mo, emenl haye felt for some time past.

As an ex Centre Secretary (who held office for nearly 20 years) I should also like to associate myself with the views of "One of the Old Brigade" and perhaps we older workers "iew with apprehension the present plethora of rewards, prizes, medals, etc., and see in it the germ of possible deterioration in a voluntary movement founded on self-abnegation.

Another correspondent in your April issue appears to haye misread or misunderstood the article, for he reads into it sompthing that it does not express-for surely it is a warning that the continuance of the existing policy of rewards is rather contrary to the splendid spirit of the movement. He would, I think, find little support for his contention that the movement has been nurtured on " awards and praises "-at any rate in its infancy, or that without them it would perish.

As cc One of the Old Brigade" so well points out, it is quality that is preferred to quantity, and it is surely better to have a somewhat smaller and more efficient force composed of workers who have joined the ranks tor what they can giv e rather than a larger body inAuenced by what they may get out of it.

think your original contributor wa." like myself and others, seeing a danger in a tendency which applies possibly only to a minority, but one which if allowed to grow would be detrimental to the whole organisation whose best interests we have at heart.

Yours faithfully, cc VETERAN."

ABSENCE OF DIVISIONS.

DEAR SIR, -

May I, through the only medium available, express my surprise to find there is not a single Division in connection with St. John, and only one B.R.C.S. Detachment, between Gloucester and Bristol, a distance of about 36 miles.

That long stretch of country, from the standpoint of ambulance service, is woefully neglected. Is there none in that very large area responsible for the formation of ambulance and nursing Divisions.

I frequently receive visits from mem bers of the S. J. A. B. who have recently come to reside in the district, expressing their very keen disappointment in not being able to attend Divisional practice, and keep up their efficiency in the Brigade. There is a large number of male and female members of the S.J. A.A. residing in the area who are anxious to become members of the S.J.A.B., but it seems there is no desire on the part of those in authority to take the necessary steps to meet these requirements. During the short time I have been residing in Stroud, I have exerted myself in the face of great opposition, and have nearly been successful on more than one occasion, in forrninf) Divisi9ns in the locality,

AID

but have had placed in my path insurmountable obstacles from sources where I shoult.1 have received encourageme nL and assistance.

I have been an active member of the Order for the pas, 40 years, and naturally love the work. I am still willin cr to do all in my power to assi t in the formation of In the district.

If this should meet the eye ot others who are interested perhaps they will take the teps they think necessary to the needs of this neglected area.

Yours faithfully,

J. C. BArGE.

Corps Officer (Transferred ) A RECORD?

Colliery Ambulance News.

CA NOCK CHASE.

T he final of the annual Colliery ambulance competition or g",l1i sed by the annock Chase Centre, S.]. A. A., \-vas held at ne County 1\1 ining College, Cannock, on Saturda\', Ju l. 17th.

AID 41

THOR E COLLIERY.

The annual competition of the Thorne Colliery Ambulance Corps was held last month, nine teams competing. Dinning-ton Main, with 15+ marks, won the team test and the cup, follo,ved by Pontefract with 151, and Houghton Main, 1+9.

After a tie, H. Wood won the individual competition. Dr. E. E. Parrett presented the cup and prizes.

DEAR SIR,-

Will you please tell me if this is a record. I think it is, at least in Monmouth.

Mother, father and four sons all holding- First .-\ id Certificates; I also hold Home ursing- Certificate. - Y ours faithfully, ( Irs.) L. Wlll n:.

PRO fOTION IN THE BRIG \DE.

DEAR SIR,-

Here we have another case of history repcating it e f.

I had occasion, recently, to turn up FIRST :\m d ated January 1930, and there found a letter concerning" Pr omotion in the Brig-ade." It might have been ,.. ritten in conn ection with the Division here, where a member of three or four year's service has been "promoted" directly to Ambul ance Officer from the ranks. This over the heads of corporals, three sergeants and a stafT-sergeant, all of wh ol11 helped to teach him first aid, and any of whom could dou ble his years of service.

But then, his pocket is deeper than their's and that' s a'i that matters!

I'll not elaborate on knowledge of regulations, sion of certificates, ability to train recruits, experience In drill, attendance at camp, organisation of public duty squa d, etc., or it will be too much like a repetition ·of the le tter mentioned above, although every item applies equally wdl to this case.

To my mind the scheme is all wrong, and I ventur e to suggest, ought to be stopped. Things like this tend rath er to lose members than to gain them.

If a man is wil1ing to sacrifice his time (1 won't snv "spare" time, as much of it is given up at personal inc onvenience) to the cause of first aid, then surely he should be allowed one of the" plums" when any are going. J ust because most of the prescnt day first aiders are working m er, it should be no reason why they should be looked upon a<' " nobodies" when promotion is available. The cause wo uld fare badly without them-then why not play the game by them ?-Yours faithfully,

"BRUSH

BURN "

The Table II of War Gases which appeared ro our August, I935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Appli cations should be sent, together with remittance, to "First 46?

London1 E.C·4·

O f the original entry of 54 teams, 11 teams qualified for th e n al competition. Two tests were set, one by Dr. D. T. Ie 1s h of Chesl) n Hay and the other by Dr. F. L. Richard of \ lIsal!. Collieries" E " team obtained fir t place with pe r cent. of marks thus gaining the ., Centre" hield an d a s et of silver medals. The team consisted of captain ]. "oo dall, .\. Hale, Robert \\'oodall, S. Broome and Re· na ld Woodall, paticnt. This team obtained premier hOI u rs in the }ear 1934.

Coming Events.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or forthcoming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

AUGUST.

.

T he second place \Vas obtained by \\'al all \Vood Colliery \n tl per c Ill. marks, and wa - awarded the" Payton" CUI nd a et of bronze medal.

hird place was obtained b) Littleton Collieries" D," 80 r r ccnt. marks, and so (rained the" Jonathan Hunter"

I

lei

Hi lt o n ;\[ain junior team obtained 4th place with 79 per cen- I:larks This team won the junior competition in the prclll lllilary tests and was a warded the Cannocl Chase and al l ;\liners' \ssociations' Cup and silver medal ' In the Ju ni) ' ection, Cannock Chase Colliery No.8 Pit, received broille medals as runners up.

t\ shield ih er medal ,,,ere gained by C. IIolgate Collieries) for obtaining first place in the indi"idual comp't ltlon, and a pecial prize gi\en by \'. Parry, B.Sc., was to .\. Edwards (\\'e t Cannocl\: COlliery)

\V IJ. o btalOcd econd place in the I ndi\ idual Competition.

. l n enting the award Jonathan Hunter, l\lanag- Director of Cannoek c Leacroft Colliery and President of Ie Cannock Chase Centre, expressed the appreciation of th e. 'o al owners', miners and public generally, for tlle work men were doing, and he appealed for an increasIn g n umber of young people to take up the work.

!\Ir. F. G. Peake, l\1anaging Director of \Valsall 'Wood Co e d b < ryan a mem er of the \mbulance Committee propos,d a vote of thanks to lr. Hunter.

Tea was served to competitors, officials and friends in th e College Hall.

FOUNTAI:--J & BURNLEY'S, LTD.

J Teams from various collieries competed on Saturday ul) 24th, for the "Lad)' Sutherland" Am bulance Shield: Eac h team consisted of t"vo experienced and two first year men -

The results were :-1, Woolley Colliery D team, 82 pom ts 2, Woolley Colliery C, 70; 3, Wharncliffe Woodmoo r Colliery F, 61.

2 (first year men) : 1, V. Edwards, 19 points; , oxforth, 18 ; 3, C. Lister, 17.

wh' l Mr. ]. Booth presided at the presentation ceremon)

1 st Mr G H L' I d th E" t h" ltt ewoo , managerial staff, presented rop les and prizes.

Does

se n d your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, us his "nd we Will post him a co py,

28.-" Barker" Cadet Challeng-e Shield Competition, Li, erpool.

11.-.lnnual Inspection, Li, erpool Corps, S.]. A. B.

11.-Annual Competitions, Bricklayer's Arms Division, S.J.A. B.

11. Barnsley S.J.A. B. Annual Con, petitions.

12. -Annual Church Parade, \Vestern Area, No.1 (Prince of \\1 a les 's) District, S.J A. B., Ealing.

25. -FfaldaJl I n:>titute and Gar\\' Division (Priory for \\Tales) Annual Competitions

26. - Church Parade, Catholic members, S.J.A.B., London. OCTOBER.

+. - Thurcrott Annual Competitions.

7 to 9. -N ational "Safety First" Cong-re s, Park Lane Hotel, London.

8.-Hospitallers' Club 1\leeting, Bonnington Hotel, London. 16.-.\nnual Conference District and Count)' Surgeons, J. A. B., Chapter Hall, St. John's Gate, London.

Binding Copies of FIRST AID.

KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound.

Send your copies for the last Volume (July, 1936, to June, 1937) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free.

Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free.

Binding Cases only, 2s 9d. post free. DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4,

Gas Poisoning.

IT is apparent that the general public are still not aware of the dangers incurred by the running of a motor-car engine in an enclosed building, or the use of geysers without proper outlets.

Carbon monoxide poisoning and coal gas poisoning still claim a number of victims.

To carry out efficient treatment, it is necessary for the first aider to recognise the symptoms quickly.

Carbon monoxide gas is lighter than air, and is therefore dangerous in enclosed or badly ventilated places. The most common instance of today is the exhaust gas of motor engines; but it can also be given off in any form of com bustion, from coke or charcoal fires. Many cases have also been recorded of persons travelling in an enclosed motor van becoming overcome by this gas.

The great danger is the insidious onset of the effects of the poison, which is colourless, odourless and non-irritant to the breathing channels. Often the first danger-warning is that the limbs fail in their action, and the patient quickly becomes unconsciOUS.

The effects of the poison being insidious the symptoms appear gradually. The patient will experience headache, giddiness, feeling of sickness, which may be followed by vomiting, shortness of breath, and his mind may become confused. Further exposure will cause loss of power in limbs and muscles, while the patient will become unconscious-respiration will fail and death will ensue.

When the patient is breathing, remove at once from the affected area into the open air; undo all tight clothing; keep the patient at rest in a recumbent position; cover with warm blankets; if able to swallow, give hot stimulants and apply friction to the lim bs towards the heart.

In severe cases where the breathing has failed or is failing, artificial respiration is of the first importance. Get the patient into the fresh air and commence work immediately. When breathing has been restored, carry out the treatment given for the less serious case.

Patients suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning should be kept under observation for at least two hours; a nd all serious cases should be removed to hospital at the first opportunity in an ambulance.

In coal gas poisoning, the patient experiences throbbing of the head, a feeling of drowsiness, a heaviness of the limbs and a desire for sleep. The patient has a congested face, bluish lips, dilated pupils, and a shortage of breath on even a slight exertion. After a time, he passes from stupor into coma, and eventually death.

AID

Artificial respiration is the first line of tre atment after removing the patient from the gas la dt'n area. After the restoration of the breathing, rest, warmth and hot stimulants are the next consid entions. Undo all tight clothing, ensure plent y of fresh air. Keep a watch on the patient and arran ge for transport by am bulance to the patient's ho me or to hospitaL-G. E.C.

Birth of Scottish Air Aillbulan ce Service.

THE Scottish Air Ambulance Service was in stituted by the St. Andrew's Am bulance Associa tion on Sunday morning, May 14th, 1933, when a wireless message from a Coastguard Station in Islay was received at the Headquarters of the Association asking that an aeroplane be sent to transport to Glasgow for u rgen t operation on patient who was critically ill.

The then Assistant General ecretary of the Association (Mr. James H. H. Henderson, ,vho is now the General Secretar y) at once got in touch with the Managing Director (1\1 r. T. C. wo rd) of the Midlands and Scottish Air Ferries, Ltd., who in a few minutes improvised an air ambu lance plane by removal of the passenger seats.

The plane left Glasgow half-an-hour after the receipt of the call from Islay; and, with the patient simply lying on the floor, it lande d two hours later at Renfrew Aerodrome, whenc e a motor ambulance of the Association carried the patient to hospital for operation. From this unexpected beginning dates the Scottish Air Am bulance Service, the initiation of which stands to the credit of the above named officials.

Next year the Association designed a stretcher (which folds up when not in use ) .t o ht into an aeroplane for the conveyance of and presented it to the Company. In 193J , the la.tter transferred its responsibilities to the and Scottish Airways, Ltd., which to thI.S (hy combines with the Association by a plane as and when required, the journeys be lOg completed on ambulances of the Association, and the patients being accompanied, when neces sary, by its trained attendants. .' d

Air Ambulance SerVIces, whIch by 1933 ha been in use in Australia and other parts of the world for some years, were particularly to the conditions in Scotland, with its and remote highland areas in which factlltLe s steamer rail and road transport are infrequ ent.

, . d h the If proof of such a service be require , t en . records of the Andrew's ASS OCL:6 tion show that 10 1934 22 patients, In 193 5 -d patients, and in 1936 42 patients were transpo rte by air to Glasgow from all parts of Scotland

Gas in Tabloid form.

By J. A. HANNA, 1.B., B.Ch.

T - ear:,

E - yelid pasl11

- pparent blindnes:,

R - eassure patient

G as mask 100 per cenl.

\ pply soothing lotion

S - top going to F. A. P., etc.

;\ on-per i tent - dourle

- icknes

'E - adache

l; - cncral derre s ion .\ - r enital ') - mokes

r - ain and pneul110nia

I { oarCI1\!:,:,

G

7'\ E

F

o oX) g-I.: n defi c ien c y - T RET Ii E R ce nl.

h 1l1<l k 100 per oXlrcl11cly falal on-persistent fTc Cli\c 1 ,000 2 l1linulcs.

10 ., 50,000

70, UUU Lachr,) malor

Choking

II

L i\itlit\'

o ,-}g-en deficiency

REST

I - nllamalion of lung s :"J - nn-per istent

E - fTecti\c 2,000 2 minutes

10,000 - 10

:\1 u:,tard smell

U - s soap and water

S - ulphur derivative

T - erribly per istent

.-\ - prl}' bleaching pa te, etc.

R - are ly falal

D - elayed action

0- ilskin clothes

I - mmediate treatment

L -. eave blisters

L - iljuid

E - mits vapour Wash with water

1 - I11mediate action

S - ymptom of arsenical poisoning

1 - rritant

Terribly persistent

E - vacuate blisters

The an nual inspection of the City of Gloucester DiviSIon S J A B C ' ., was earned out last month by County 1'0I;111ss ioner Dr. A. Barrett Cardew, M.e. Div.-Supt.

Cla rk was in charge of the parade.

AID 43

Practical Points.

The Editor invites Note; on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column.

DANGERS OF CAMPHOR.

was reported the death of a boy (aged 2) after eatlf1g a pIece of camphor, which is incorrectly regarded by some people as non-poisonous. In this case the mOlher that .her so n had swallowed the camphor, but took notIce un.tIl arose urgent symptoms for which first aId and mec.llcal aid were of no avai1.-P.B., Bradford.

LIF E SA \'ED BY FREEZING.

Though col d is a recognised means of checkinah ccmo rrrhage, it does not often happen that it severe bleeding, as in a case recently reported from the London Docks.

An (aged 19) was working with other men on shIp, which had come from the Argentine. When he did not return after the dinner hour, a search of the ship was made. About eighteen hours passed before he was discovered unconscious in the hold, close to one of the refria-erators. His body was stiff, and the coldness of the hold Ilad and congealed the se\ ere head wounds he had received. Otherwise he might have bled to death. He was rushed to the hospital near, where he recovered in due course. - L.H., East Ham.

LI\ ES SA ED FRO:"l DROW 'ING.

Recently there occurred in this town an action which ?y reason of the bra\'ery of the rescuer, is worthy of a 111 our J ourna1.

1iss Siladys Cuttell, a cafe waitress, dressed in her WIth cap and apron, jumped 20 ft. from the pier le.tty to. two sisters (aged 16 and H) who got into dIfficultIes whde bathing at Lytham St. Annes last night. he swam through heavy seas to the girls and held on to th:nl unti! lifebelts were th rown to her. Then, holding the. llfebelt 111 one hand and with one girl clinging to \\:alst and the other to her shoulder, she swam back to the pier and helped them to scramble along the ironwork to the shore.

A large holiday crowd cheered Iiss Cuttell from the pier and promenade.-l\I. N., Lytham St. Annes.

As a result of the house-to-house and street collections held on Saturday, July 31st, the funds of the Newha\ en Division, S.l.A.A. , received £39 11s .fd.

3J E

The Surrey Mid-Eastern Area of the British Red Cross Society held a rally of air raid precautions personnel in the grounds of the Epsom College last month.

3 E

Irs. H. A. Bell, Commandant of the Lincoln Deta c hl1Jent, B.R.C.S., entertained members to tea on August .fth, and afterwards Mrs. Hadfield, of Alford, presented first aid certificates.

3' E

Sir Walter Womersley, Assistant Postmaster-General presented the medal of the Order of the British Empire 1\1r. Joseph Woodcock, a postman, at Norwich, on August 5th. Mr. Woodcock is Assistant Coml1Jandant of the Norfolk No.7 V.A.D. and is the oldest servincr member of the British Red Cross Society in Norfolk t'o

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE SISTER.

S.]. A. B. NURSING PERSONNEL CA;\IP.

I\lembers of Divisions from all parts of the country assembled in glorious sunshine at Rossall on Saturday, July 31st. i'llrs. Tweedale, Camp Commandant, and l\1iss Sutcliffe Quarter I\laster, had been hard at work Since the iJrevious d;)' allocating rooms, cubicles or beds in the various dormitories. The joyous re-unions! the finding- of one's own particular corner! the unpacking! the dressing for the evening meal! Time indeed seemed to have Aown. After dinner a whist drive was held, and the nurses \<:ere delighted to have Lady Perrott amongst them she kindly the prizes.

On Sunday, one hundred nurses attended 8 a. m. Communion and after breakfast there was room-inspection and drill. In the afternoon three special trains took the nurses to Fleet\\"ood for the Drumhead Service there the Vic:u of Fleetwood gave a splend ld address and ;619 was collected to send to the Hospital at Jerusalem. The music provided by the Rochdale Cadet Band certainly helped the members to step out in their march on the promenade, King Sol making his presence felt. The nurses returned to Rossall fully appreciative of the good fare provided for tea. ing a concert was held. There was also community smgmg and with the singing at "The day Thou gavest, Lord, has ended" and the National Anthem, we came to the end of a perfect day. The swimmers, in charge of :\lrs. Beyerle)', thoroughly enjoyed their exercise on the beach, .all agreeing that the sea-\.vater was most refreshIDg and 111vigorating-a true tonic!

The training commenced in earnest on Monday, Sgt. Frank Gilbert of the Loyals giving lectures on Anti-Gas and Chemical Warfare; Miss R. 1\1. Smith (writer of Cookery, the authorised text-book of the S.]. A. A.) taking Cookery; and Pitter-Bailey, Camp Matron, and Mrs. White, Camp Sister, taking charge of the wards and theatre. The ward work was very popular, many bemoaning the fact that as they wanted to work for A. R. P. and Cookery certificates, they could not also be wi!:h Matron. Although the weather was indeed generous and warmth prevailed, at. the services of 1\lrs. Beverley and Miss Cave as plaOists for dancing were in great demand. The private bathing pool (sea water) was available in the afternoons and as this was a veritable sun-trap, bathers gathered there and basked to their heart's content. Miss Aspinall-Dudley kindly gave tuition to would-be learners of swimming.

Tuesday was the long night when members could dine out and remain out until 11 p. m. if they wished, but quite half the Camp preferred to stay at Rossall. Wednesday atrernoon 1rs. Richardson (I.F.S.) gave a lecture on First Aid in Midwifery in the evening Mr. Allen of the Imp eria l Chemical Co. gave a lecture on Rescue Work from Gases other than \\'ar Gases. Thursday evening there was a fancy dress ball, many wonderful dresses being worn.

Topsy, Influenza, Chinaman, "A Sister to assist her," "The Animal of the Future" (wearing- gas mask), and the Irish Sweep were among-st those receiving prizes. Dancing was enjoyed, the Palais Glide being a favourite and the Noble Duke of York also added to a happy evening

On Friday Colonel Trimble took the Inspection in the morning. When the march past was taken, eight nurses

formed a choir to sing the Brigade march as there w as no band to provide music. I n the afternoon there examination in A.R.P., A.R.P. II, and A.R.P. 1, daJor l\lackenzie and Capt. Rawlings being the examiners. Baker examined forty-four Looken tudent; the cil hes prepared by them sampled by the rest of the Cam p a nd received great praise. .'

A cigaretle-case was presented to Sgl. a cut lylass vase to Ir. Tweedale, a reg to l\latron, reading lu mp LO the Quarter l\1aster, a chee e board and knife to :'I Ii Smith ;nd chocolates to Sister and the wimming 'upervisor, 'small tokens of to the splendid the Camp. !iss Jawby, 1\1Iss O\'crend and ,1 rs. r , sKin rendered valuable help on the starr. At the break- L on Saturday, most of the nurse would 0111) sa) ".\u R ") ir ," havin a spent such a happy time that the) ionkeJ fon\ d to a next year; tlleir 100' e for" :'Iladam," the (a mp Commandant, increase with the passage of time!

No.2 DISTRICT, -.].A. B. BOURNE;\lOUTII N URSIN(, DI\ ISIO=--. - This Di\'i iL. ha lost one of its most de\ oted members the d t. t il of 1\1 rs. K. E. Boother tone.

Joining the Brigade 22 year ag-?, and the war at the St. ] ohn i\mbulance Brigade Hospital 11 she had gi\'en rontinuou ser\'ice ever 5 11 ce In all forms of work. he spent many hour s 'ver ) week at the First Aid Po t the 10\ alid om forts Dep l and helping at first aid and home nursing classes, and fre q e otl)' accompanied patients in ambulance. he was Is o a mobile member of Rants. 68 Voluntary i\id Detachl1l L'1t.

The interment took place at Bristol on Saturda ]uly 31st. A large number of officers and members atte r a service held earlier in the day at the East Cliff ongreg a Church, Bournemouth, to pay their last respect to a \,t lue co ll eag ue.

PORTSMOUTlI N RSING DIVISION. - The Fifteenth Annua l Divisonal Competition for the handsome shield presen ted by Lady Pink, was held last month, Lieut.-Colonel N or man White, V. D., acting as judge. ble

Before announcing the result, Col. White gave val ua criticism which was much appreciated by the membe rs I The' winner for this yea r was l\1iss D. ] Crook , WIt 1 l\1iss T. Long runner-up. on A vote o f thanks to the judge was heartily accor de d the motion of Lady Div. Supl. Miss Job.

e in

PORTSEA NURSINC DIVISION. -After 2S years' ser vlC. the Brigade, Lady Div. Supt. Miss M. E. Birch b as JUs resigned. held

To mark the affection and esteem in which she IS were by those with whom she has worked, presentation s t made to her at a social gathering held on July 27t h't Divisional Headquarters. These took the form of an el ec. kettle and toaster from the original Portsmouth NUfS JO

FIRST AID Tilne proves it to be a SOUND

The test of any investment is stability: steady and lasting return Tor your money. That is why so many hundreds of hospitals and pUblic bodies, large and small, use and recommend the Austin Ambulance. They can depend on it. It has never let them down, either in an emergency or over a long period. Which in tu rn means low mai ntenance-costs. But the Austin Ambulance is not only de pendable. It is speedy. It is safe. It is par ticularly comfortable thanks to its fine suspenSion-system. Loading and unloading are easy. So is cleaning. And both models, the 18 h.p. and 20 h.p., are eqUipped with every offi Cially-approved fitting. We shall be glad t o send you price list and specifications and t Q arrange a demonstration.

A Few Special Features of Austin Ambulances: Body of best English ash and oak, al u mi n iu m panelled for d u rabi lity and, easy cleaning. Semielliptic zinc - interleaved springs on non - lubricated

Oshackles, for the patients' utmost comfort. Wide, unob, structed doorway for quick entry and exit of stretchers. Triplex toughened glass throughout for safety. Ample ventilation. Full and officiallyapproved interior equipment. Special fittings as reqUired.

FIRST

Diyision, handed to her by Lieut.-Colonel N. White, V. D ., in the absence of Lady Corp Officer 1\lrs Fulljames, 1. B.E. and a handsome cut glass electric table lamp presented by Lady Ambulan ce Officer l\lr Bailey and a bouquet of flowers presented by l\liss Scaddan, from the Portsea Nursing Division.

Miss Birch joined the Portsmouth Nursing Division in 1911, and \vas made Lady Ambulance Officer in 1922. Ten years later she was appointed Lady Divisional Supt. of the Portsea Nursing Division, which position she has ably filled until her recent retirement

No. 8 DISTRI CT, S.J.A. B. COBHAM NURSING DIVISION -The first annual inspection of the newly -formed Cobham rursing Division was held at Brigade Headquarters on Tuesday, July 13th, when Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, accompanied by Lady District Officer Lady Peters, visited the Division for this purpose.

Complimenting Lady Div. Supt. Irs. Briggs on the smartness and efficiency of the members in first aid and drill, Mrs. Falwasser said that ne\ cr be fore had she seen such a high standard in so young a Di\' ision.

The com pany was afterwards entertained by 1rs. Brigg s at the Cinema Cafe, when votes of thanks were a ccorded the hostess for all the work she had done in connection with the formation of the Di v ision

The best wishes of all the members were extended to the Divisional Treasurer, Miss Church, who is leaving on marriage.

Hm'E AND PORTSL ADE N URSIN G Dn l ION.-Although threatening weather caused a last minute transfer (If the stalls from Aldringt o n Rec t ory grounds to the Glebe Hall, ther0 was a cheerful atmosphere about th e " g arden)! fete held on Wednesday, July 21st, in aid of the funds of the funds of the Hove and Portslade Nursing Division.

Even the grim figure of Teddy, sitting on a stool near the door clad in his gas-proof clothing and wearing his gas mask, seemed to be offering a welcome. (Teddy is the lay figure on which the members practice bandaging, etc.).

The fete was opened by Lady Eva d e Paravicini, J. P., Vice-President of the local B. R C. S. Division. She was welcomed by the chairman, Colonel G. Marshall G r iffith, County Air Raid Precautions Officer.

Lady Eva said that she was particularly pleased to take part, because she felt that there should be good feeling and co-operation between the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade and the B r itish Red Cross Society. T his is certainly fo u nd in Hove, where Red Cross members assist the St. John nurses at the Fi r st Aid Hut open daily on the beach opposite the Western Lawns bandstand.

The memberShip of the Hove and Portslode N ur sing Division, including Cadets, is about 50. All had worked hard to make the fete a success, so that a good sum sho u ld be raised to help meet the expenses of equipment and dressings, as well as the upkeep of the local headquarters and the beach hut.

No.9 DISTRI CT, S. J .A.B.

News has been received that Lady S u pt. Mrs H A. Hastings, of the Sherwell N ursing Divis ion, has been promoted to the rank of Lady Corps Supt. on the staff of the County Commissioner for Plymouth, South -West Devon an d East Cornwall.

Mrs. Hastings gained her first aid certillcate in 1915, late r qualifying in the St. J ohn Nursing Course. She did St. J ohn voluntary aid work du ring the war and was t h e Founder-Supt. of the Sherwell N u rsing Division, one of t h e

most act ive S t. J o h n Un i ts in t h e vVest of E ng la n d. She is a Serving Siste r of t h e Order of t. J o hn of J er u sa lcm and ho lds the Order's Scrvice Medal an d Bar for long an d efficient mem bership. She is a member of the Committ ee of the Plymo u th and Distr ct Ambulance Serv ice and a n exceptionally pop ul ar officer.

V.A. D. CAMP IN SCOTL\ D. - About 300 V.A. D.'s hav e just attended a camp h eld at the Aerodrome Park, EliE' They came fr om a ll parts of Scot land, fr0111 Caithness an d A r gy ll , Glasgow, Dundee and Edinburgh, and a lso fro m London, Surrey, Oxford, Notting-hamshire, \ Vales an d Belfast, and were all under the command of 1rs Adair , Assistant County Director for Ayrshire.

On July 30th, General Sir Charles Grant, G O C. in-C. , Scottish Command, pa id a visit of inspection, and saw all the members at work after the march past.

During their two weeks under canvas, each mE'mb er had to take her turn a mess, canteen or kitchen ord e rl r, an d the whole work of the camp was done by the V A. D 'so Lectures in Ilr aid, home nursing, camr cook e r y, infant welfare and air raid precautions were held, but was plenty of off-duty time. Each afternoon \Va free wh en sea bathing could be in, or trips could be mad e by car or bus to St. Andrews or to e e the ricturesque li ttle church and haven of t. Monan. ount r y impromptu concert s , or special lectur e occupied the e \eni nghours, and lights out was sounded at 10.45

All enjoyed their stay thoroughly, although some s leeping out for the first tim e in their li, es. Luckily the \"eather was kind.

Items D:visional news anu competitions, social, int e r estin g duties, l ectures, etc . ), for thi page should be e n t to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST .\10, 46, Cann onstreet, London. E.C.4.

The Countess of Sefton, on unda)" J uly 2 5 th, open ed a new first aid hut at the l\laghull Cro Roads. The h ut was a gift to the West Lancashire 43 V. A. D. of the Briti sh Red Cross Society by 1\1 rs. Hutchinson, Hon.-Command ant of the Detachment.

3' E

The annua l inspe c tion and demonstration of th e Eas ington, Harden, Blackhall and Sholto n Division s, S .]. A. B., was he ld at Crindon Park, near B lack h a ll Rock s, on J u ly 17th. County Commissioner Stan ley Embert on inspected the parade.

The l\ I ayoress of Droitwich ( I r s. J. G Dowell) presented a wards to the Droitwich Division, S. ]. A. B., on Jul y 1 5 th. Mrs Dowell congratulated each r ec ip ient and spok e in high te r ms on t h e un selfish fo r m of pe r sona l servi ce performed by t h e membe r s

SOCIAL EVENTS.-The attention of t he general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Flag Day a nd other activities. Samples will be sent on reques t.

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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents .

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :--

i. - Letters containing Queries must be markE:d on the top ldt-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon ,I cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.].A.A. Manual of First Aid.

VARIETIES OF JOINTS.

A. F. (Mansfield).-Further to your reply to the query published under the above heading in the July issue of FIRST AID, I shall be pleased if you will inform me of the particular name of the vertebral joints-that is the variety under which they are classified, namely, ball and socket, hinge, &c.

If you re-read my ans\\'er in the July issue, you will see that the vertebral joints are therein stated to belong to the yielding joints-that is, those which permit of slight movements-and that the movable joints include those of shoulder and hip (ball and socket), elbow and ankle (hin ge) and so on.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

G.c. (Surbiton).-Herewith I send an amusing joke which was perpetrated recently during the examination of a class of young ladies for the first aid certificate of the Association. The surgeon-examiner asked a candidate what was the first thing she would do if one of the young ladies present were taken suddenly and acutely ill. He was greatly amused when she replied-" Send jor a doctor and make him com/01'table!"

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

MO\ 'EME NTS OF HEAD.

P. R. (Coventry).-Recently some of us were discussing how the movemer.ts of the head are effected. As we could not agree, we decided to ask you (1) if the turning of the head from side to side was carried out by the axis and atlas in conjunction with each other or by the neck muscles and (2) if in turning the head the othe r vertebrae also turn. Your kind ruling will be much appreciated.

The side to side movement of the head are carr ied out by the neck muscles through the axis alone and the nodding movements through the atlas. In other words, if you have really worked for your examination or your re-examination you will use your axis freely, whereas if you have not d one so you may have to make free use of your atlas! ! The main function of the other cervical vertebrae is to support the head.-N.C.F.

AID

TREATl\IENT OF SUNSTROKE IN COMPETITION.

A F. ( lansfield). - In your reply to the query publish ed under the above heading in the July i ue of FIRST AID you advocated the removal of a sun troke patient b; the human stretcher method. As congestion extends to the brain and spinal cord something may be said in favour of the of the patient by the two-hand ed seat. As a guide to future competitions please tell me if the two-handed seat is definitely wrong?

The Textbook on p. 165 tells you in your treatment of Sunstroke to "adopt the general rul es for treatment of Insensibility." On p. 155 it tells you in your treatment of Insensibility to "lay patient on his back with hi he ad turned on one side and with his head and h o ulders rais ed if his face is flushed."

In these circumstances I take it that it is absolute ly contrary to the instruction of the Textbook to remO\'e hv two-handed seat a oatient who is unconscious as the re sult of Sunstroke.-N F.

10m E IN TREATMENT OF \VOUNDS

H. A. (Walthamstow). - Do you consider the application of Tincture of Iodine ::Idvisable in the case of an exten" e wound such as ""ould probably require Slit hing \d On sub equenlly altend"d to by the doctor? \Ith ough In ac co rdt-ln ce \'vith ourTextbook's i n truclion and a a member of the Brigade, L have u d Iodin in all such caSt",

I have been informed by members that thi is inadvis al le -a wet dressing being better treatment. The rea SO'1S given are that the corrosive action of the drug interferes with the stitching of the wound, a nd, secondly, the Shl.:k which is occasionally produced.

While I realise that the fonner may be correct a d, from experience, that lhe latter is often the case, yet lills method seems unsatisfa ctory treatment to me owin ,.{ to the fact that no attempt is made to ste rili se the wo und and, furthermore, that sterile water is frequentl) unobtainable in an emergency.

When, as a member of the Brigade, you are called unon to treat a wound, you have no option in the matter. You must paint it with Iodine as part of your treatmen t 111 accordance with the teaching of the Textbook which contr Is the instruction of members of the Brig-ade (C lau se 228, Brigade Regulations) and consequently the treatment gien by members.

Your suggested "wet dressing" is positively bad ft st aid and contrary to the Textbook. Further, prelimin ary painting with Iodine will not in any way interfere \\ith subsequent stitching of wound if the doctor, who takes charge, considers that such a step is indicated. Inde ed, 1 suspect that most of the cases in which Iodine sets up se ver e irr i tation are the result of the abuse of Iodine, which, contrary to the instructions of the Textbook, is only too often kept constantly applied to wound on a piece of lint or cot tonwool. If the Iodine were always painted once over a wo un d and allowed to dry before the dressing was applied, I ques tio n seriously if the outcry against its use would be as loud or as persistent as it is to-day, although it is unquestionable that certain extremely rare individuals possess an idiosync rasy against Iodine. - N.C F.

COMPRESSION OF FACIAL ARTERY.

P. N. (Southport) -Please tell me if there is any other way, apart from digital pressure, of compressing the facial artery in cases of severe arterial b leeding. It has b ee n suggested that a small pad may be p laced on the pres su re point and kept in position by the bandage for lower ja w.

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Your ruling will be appreciated, especially as I doubt the efficacy of the latter suggestion.

Remembering the free intercommunication between the right and left facial artery and the need in many cases to apply digital compression to both pressure points if we would control arterial bleeding from a \,'ound on either cheek, I question seriously if the pad and bandage method will succeed. evertheless, you might give the method a trial, should the necessity ever arise. -N. C. F.

TREATME'T OF FRACTURED PELVIS.

G. C. (Surbiton) -Do you not consider that in the loading of a stretcher with a patient suffering from a Fractured Pelvis the same methods should be used as for a Fractured Spine? I am of the opinion that if the pelvis is fractured the coccyx might be involved and, therefore, that the patient would actually be suffering from a fractured pelvis and spine, although a first aider might not be there to diagnose both.

Your assistance in this matter would be greatly appreciated.

The need for special care during treatment and transport of cases of Fractured Spine arises from the fact that the broken fragments of the vertebrae may be dislodged and press on (or otherwise injure) the spinal cord. As the latter ends at the second lumbar vertebrae (Textbook p. 153) I can see no reason why a case of Fractured Pelvis should be removed as for that of a Fractured Spine.

Certainly a Fractured Coccyx falls within the category of Fractured Pelvis; but all the cases which I have seen of this injury ha\'e walked into my consulting room These patients would certainly have objected to being removed as for Fractured Spine.-N. C. F

HUMOUR IN FIRST AID.

1\1. R. (Cannon St.). - l noted with amusement that on p. 4 of the July issue of FIRST AID there is a glorious example of " Humour in First Aid," since in a report of a Church Parade you are described as " Surgeon-inChurch." Now I wondf:'r what you said when you saw it ! "

Good! Next, please! !- N.C.F.

TREATl\IENT OF SEIZURE.

W.W. (Kettering).-A few days ago in the evening time, when it was nearly dark, I was called to render first aid to a young man who had collapsed in the street outside my home. A messenger was sent for a doctor. Meanwhile, with the help of neighbours, we removed the patient to his home which was almost immediately opposite the scene of the emergency and placed him on a sofa with his head and shoulders well raised.

In a very short time the doctor arrived, and after a careful and exhaustive examination he diagnosed the trouble as a "slight seizure." Then, Sir, I was astou nded to hear the doctor ask if there was any whiskey in the house and to see him administe r a wineglassful diluted with an equal quantity of water to the patient who fortunately was able to swallow.

Well now, Sir, was that whiskey and water good for the patient? In my mind I thought it altogethe r wrong, seeing that a "seizure" means hcemorrhage more or less into the brain; I shall, therefore, look for\\'ard to reading your views on this problem in treatment.

AID

You seem to have erred on three points, as jollow:. ;First, even a doctor cannot in all fairness criticise th e treatment administered by a collea<Yue in any given em e rgency, simply because he (or she) does not know the rtctu al circumstances and findings. Much less then should a fir st aider seek to criticise the treatment of a doctor. Incidental h I was amused at your remark about" the pati e n't who fortunately was able to swallow.))

Secondly, "a seizure" signifies mer I)' "a sudd en attack"; and in medical terms it is usually taken to indi ca te a condition in which there is more or less - omplete los s of consciousness with or without convulsive movements. Co nsequently I am wondering why you have confused a seizu re with apoplexy or a stroke.

Thirdly, the Textbooli does not attempt to lay d o w n treatment other than first aid which is purely preventi ve. With reference to the use of stimulants it in tructs firs aiders to "defer administration of alcoh o l until the arri \cli of a doctor)) (p.20). In other " ords it anticipates the V l;. action to which you take exception !- N.C.F.

POSITION OF BEARERS.

R. R.H (Crewe).-May I ask for enlightment on the foll owing apparent contradictions ;Order No.8, tretcher Exercise 1. "The b arc r then disengage, rise, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 turn to the left, No -+ to the right and stand to stret c her " , •0 mention is made of any of the bearers changing positions until Order No.9, the latter part of which r ertds : " No. 2 will turn to the left and 0. -+ to the r ight stepping alongside No. 1." 1 cannot understand thi: and ask your assistance.

A Iso Stretcher Exercise No. II says; "To lift th> patient one bearer placing himself on the injured sid e in a line with the patient's knees, raises and uprort s t lower limbs, while the other two kneeling on opp osile sides of the patient, near his hips, facing each ot hc.r, pass an arm under his back and thighs, locki n their fingers ." Reference to diagrams R7 al d 88 however show that the third bearer is supporti n legs and thighs and the other two appear to be suppo rt ing shoulders and buttocks. Which is right the dir etions or illustrations?

Our First Aid lanual has been compiled by a CO l1'mittee of Doctors who have (rightly) given to the treatment of the patient.

The drill may be better studied from the" Manual of Drill and Cam ping for the St. John Am bulance Brigad e, ,. issued by the S.J.A.A. Order No. 8 in stretcher exercises shews the bearers facing the patient as in Fig. 83, and it is when the bearers move from this position that No.2 will turn left, and 1 o. -+ turn right, stepping up alongside No.1 bearer.

The second query may be more easily answered b y a practical demonstration. The task which falls to Nos . 2 and 3 bearers in this exercise for lifting with three bearers is that of taking the weight of the trunk of the patient m ost efficiently, and this will in practice be found to be with t he bearers locking hands under the patient's shoulders, a n.d under the patient's buttocks, as far apart as possib le. Th iS will prove to be the most comfortable for the patient a nd less fatiguing for the bearers.

The chief guide in all first aid treatment must be t he care and comfort of the patient. The efficiency of a ny method, may only be decided by actual practice -S.J.W -

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

E r O RIAL:-

Why Lea r n Fi r id 53

E. ra ct5 f r om the 1\ 1a nu a l of ] n t ru ct io n fo r t h e Roya l N ava l ic k B e r th S taff 54

'.' \ , B. H ea d q u a r te r s a nd Dist ri ct R e p ort s 56

Pr·ory for W a le 6 1

Dr lI1 kenness ". 63

R dw ay Amb ul ance Ne w s 6 5

T h "Clydeb uil t" t retc h e r 66

A , p, tafT W o r k fo r R a nk e r ", 6 7

Ou Nurses' Pages 6 9

Co n ing Eve nls 7 0

De'a iled I\I a rkin g Sh eet, N o 50 71

Le te rs to t h e E di to r , , 72

Air R aid P r eca u t io n s ." ,., 72

Dno n V.A .O , beco m es A ir-Mind e d 74

Conie ry Ambul a n ce N e w s 74

Q l''':R IES A ND A N SWE R S TO C ORRESP OND E NTS :-

Act io n wi t h S eve r e d F e m o ra l Art e ry." 76

Exa mination Howler 76

Tra n s po r in Ca s e of Frac tur e d Ribs., 76

Trea tm e nt of Frac tured Arm at Elbow 76

The Qu a lifi c ation s o f a First Aider 76

Bed fo r Opera tion Case 76

Cha ngin g of Low e r Shee t 76

Ca usation of Air Hun ge r 78

A Student 's Error ." 78

H um o ur in First Aid 78

T rea tment of Fra ctured Arm In volving Elbow 78

P ro fus e Bleeding with Severed Limb 78

T reat m e nt of Infantile Con v ulsions 78

EDITORIAL.

IT is always a source of conWHY L E ARN jecture among members of the FIRST AID ? public as to why others give their time to make themselves proficient in the science of first aid; even paying for such knowledge without thou g ht of return.

To the uninitiated , it is impossible to fully describe why we do it; why we pa y for the tuition; why we give our services free; and why we make these calls on our time and money a real pleasure.

Recentl y we read the report of a coroner's inquest on a woman who had been recovered from a pond, apparently drowned. Had, however, remarked the coroner, anyone with a knowledge of first aid been present, the woman's life might have been saved. Further, the coroner stated that to be equipped with such knowledge was a mark of good citi z enship.

We agree - good citizenship, but who is to give a lead to the millions. We of the voluntary ambulance army do our best to spread the interest in the movement. It is not possible for all to join the uniformed ranks, but the fact that many have taken the trouble to gain a knowledge of first aid makes them better citizens.

In another recent case, aSt. John Cadet saved the life of a playmate by the application of efficient first aid. There are organisations in addition to the juvenile sections of the ambulance associations which include first aid in their teaching; but greater benefit would result if the subject was included in the curriculum of every school throughout the country-a scheme we have advocated for many years.

Whydoit? We cannot say, other than the fact that by our knowledge we may save life, lessen pain, and, further, be of service to mankind. These three points are enough-but let us all endeavour to gain more recruit,$ A.nd SO swell our ranks.

Ex tracts from the Manual of Instructi on FOR T HE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Continued from page 28)

SALT solution may be introduced into the body in various ways :-

(a) Into a Ve£n.-A bandage or lightly applied tourniquet is fixed round the upper arm to make the veins prominent. The largest vein in front of the bend of the elbow is exposed by a small incision through the skin, and a metal canula, connected by a piece of rubber tubing to a glass funnel, is inserted into the vein. The whole apparatus must be carefully sterilised. The canula, tube and funnel must be filled with the saline solution before the canula is introduced, otherwise death might occur should any air get into the vein. This apparatus is supplied in the Service Afloat instrument chest in an oval japanned tin case. At least four pints of solution should be prepared.

A sharp hollow needle may be used, instead of the metal canula. The vein is punctured through the skin and has not to be exposed, as in the case where a canula is used.

(b) Into the Subcutaneous Tissues.-The solution is introduced into the loose cellular tissue, under the skin of the breasts, axillce, or flanks. The above apparatus may be used, except that a sharp hollow needle is substituted for the canula.

(c) Into the Rectum.-A tube and funnel are required: the solution must be run into the rectum very slowly, otherwise it will not be retained. The funnel should be held only a few i nches above the level of the anus. The solution should be given warm (100 degs. Fahr.).

(d) Into the Per£toneal Cav£ty.- This method is used only after abdominal operations when shock has From two to four pints of the saline solution are poured into the a bdominal cavity before the wound is closed.

Of recent years blood transfusion has been freq uently used in the treatment of severe hcemorrhage. About one pint of blood is obtained from a specially selected pers o n, known as a 'I donor," and injected intravenously into the patient.

TREATMENT OF INTERNAL HlEMORRHAGE. Blankets, hot water bottles, or some form of

hot air cradle, will be required to keep the pat ient warm. The head must be kept low and the foot of the bed raised. In severe cases the limbs sho uld be bandaged from below, upwards, and artifi cial respiration may be necessary. Saline infusion and the facilities for giving it should be prepared.

Shock. Surgical treatment is similar to that for internal hcemorrhage.

Sometimes adrenalin is added to the sa line solution, or injections of pituitrin or camph or oil are given. The abdomen may be compressed With a tight bandage. Inhalation of warmed ox ygen may be tried.

Fa£ntz1zg. The patient recovers rapidly if his head is kept low and his feet raised.

VJO U NDS.

Th ey are very liable to become septic, and heal by se co nd intention or granulation.

(c) Contused Wounds are produced by crushin g, or by blows from blunt instruments.

Examples :--A wheel passing over the body, or a heavy projectile dropping on the foot. They cl os ely resemble lacerated wounds; the surrot nd i ng parts are bruised and the tissues are li abl e to die.

(d) Punctllr-ed Wounds are prod uced by narrow, poin ted instruments, as in stabbing. The depth is gn ate r than the width, and there may be very little externa l hcemorrhage. The great dangers are the po;:,si bility of injury to internal or ga ns and of sepsis

(e) Gunshot Wounds. - This term is applied to \f ounds inflicted by an explosive weapon. Such w ,u nds may be lacerated, c ontused, or punctured. Pein or shock may be severe, especially in shell \V m nds.

(1) Bullet TVozmds.- "\iVhen a bullet enters the bo ly without striking an y thing in its flight it u5u3. 11y causes a punctured wound. hould, however , it touch any hard object, It b co mes altered in shape, and the re s ulting wound w.11 then be lacerated as well as punctu red.

ments of shell, or p ieces of clothing, are frequently found in them.

Extensive shell wounds are a very serious form of injury, and may be associated with severe hcemorrhage and shock

CO DITION OF WO U NDS.

(A) AsepNc. (B) Infected (or septic), and (C) Poisoned Wounds.

(A) If no germs gain entry it is caIled an Aseptt'c or clean wound The best example of this type of wound is that made by the surgeon's knife, operating under favourable circumstances.

(B) Injected Wounds are caused by the entrance of:-

(1) The germs which produce pus (or sepsis).

(2) The germs of some specific disease, e.g., Tetanus, Anthrax, Syphilis, which are introduced at the time of injury or subsequently.

_

1. A Wound is a cut or tear in any of th e soft tIssues of the body caused by violence.

2. An Abrasion, or scratch, is a slight in jury involving the skin only, usually caused by a glancing blow.

3. A Contus£on, or bruise, is a crushing o f the soft tissues without a break in their surface. The part is more or less swollen, tender, and of a dark colour. In a day or two the colour chang es to violet, then green, and lastly yellow. These colours are due to changes in the blood whic h has escaped into the tissues (ecchymosis). In some cases the hcemorrhage produces a Hcema to1lla. Internal organs may, however, be contused wit hou t much external injury.

Wounds are divided into five varieties:Inc£sed, Lacerated, Contused, Punct ured, and Gunshot.

(a) Inc£sed Wounds are clean cut, an d are produced by some sharp instrument. The bes t examples are those made during a surgical op eration, or suicidal cut-throat. Hcemorrhage is free , and the wound gapes. They heal easily, un less they become septic.

(b) Lacerated Wounds are produced by tea ring, as may result from machinery accidents. Th e edges are ragged, pieces of the skin or muscle be torn away, and the wo u nd gapes. The re IS usually little hcemorrhag e , b u t often severe sh ock.

Having entered (he body, a bullet may either c( me to rest in it or pass right through. In the fi st ins tance only one skin wound (t he entrance wou nd) will be seen i in the second two skin woun ds, the entrance and exit wound s . Bullets n- 1)' also pass through adjacent parts of the body, such as the arm and chest, in which case several 51 in wounds will be visible. The entrance wound is usua lly circular, with its skin edge tucked in i th e weapon has been fired at close quarters there J11ay be scorching of the skin or clothing. The ehit wound may be similar to the entrance wound, but is usually larger, with its skin edges turned out. Sometimes it is large and irregular, with por tions of tissue projecting from it, especially if the bullet has struck a bone. Injuries will occur i 1 the bullet track between entry and exit wounds, tJ.e ir severity depending on what organs or tissues hav e been wounded.

(2 ) Shell Wounds are due to fragments of exp loding shell, or to splinters torn from anything tha t has been struck by the shell.

The explosion of bombs or mines causes a sim ilar kind of injury.

The damage sustained is very variable in ch aracter. Small fragments may cause punctured or slightly lacerated wounds. Large irregular fra gments will produce severely lacerated and con tused wounds, and may carry away large areas of the tissues, or even an entire limb. This type of wound nearly always becomes septic, and frag-

(1) I f pus producing germs have gai ned entrance, Suppuration or festering (z'.e., the signs and symptoms accompanying the multiplication of these germs) takes place and the wound is said to have become septic. In mild cases the infection may remain confined to the wound, but in more severe cases some form of " blood poisoning" may result.

This may be :-

(a) Saprce1n£a, or Toxcem£a, in which the toxins produced b y the bacteria alone circulate in the blood.

(b) Septiccemia, in which both toxins and bacteria circulate in the blood.

(c) Pycemia, in which abscesses form in differen t parts of the body, the bacteria being carried from the original focus by small detached blood clots.

A very serious form of septic infection is that known as a Post-Mortem Wound. As the name implies, the infection is introduced while examining a dead body.

(To be conl£nued.)

The new ambulance hall for the Dean and Chapter ColIiery Ferryhill Ambulance Division was officially opened by Mr. Goodenough, general manager of Donnan, Long and Co., in the presence of a large crowd.

At a demonstration ot anti-air raid precautions at Glasgow Central Fire Station, held on August 30th, l\lr. John Akers Illmed the proceedings. The films will be used by the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, of whi ch l\1r. Akers is a member, in their A. R. P. instruction.

St. John Ambulance Brigade

Headquarters and District Reports .

Brigad e Headquarters

SURGEONS' CONFERENCE.-As announced last month, the Conference of District and County Surgeons will take place in the Chapter Hall on Saturday, October 16th, commencing at 2.30 p.m.

The suggested Week-End Course, which is open to all ranks of Surgeons in the Brigade, has created considerable interest, as is shown by the numbers of received. It is, as yet, too early to make any defimte statement, but it is urgently desired that those who would like to take part will communicate at once, if they have not already done so, with their County Surgeon, or direct with the Surgeon-in-Chief at St. John's Gate if the position of County Surgeon is vacant.

The Surgeons' Week-End is planned to include addresses and discussions on matters connected with the medical work of the Brigade. It will commence on Saturday, October 16th, at 3.30 p.m., with a tour of St. John's Gate, this being followed by the opening session of the Course at 5 p.m., and by a dinner at 7.30 p.m. On the following day there will be a morning and afternoon session, rhe latter finishing at tea time.

A.R.P. INSTRUCTORS' COURSEs.-The Chief Commissioner has made arrangements for week-end courses to be held at the Great Central Hotel, London, on the following dates: September 25/26, October 30/31 and December 11/12, 1937; February 5/6, March 26/27 and April 23/24, 1938.

The time-table and syllabus for each course will be identical, commencing on the Saturday with lunch at 1 p.m., the first lecture to commence at 2 p.m., and the last at 6 p.m. On Sunday, the first lecture will be at 9.30 a.m., and the last at 6 p.m. Subjects to be covered are: Saturday-Introduction; Nature and Properties of War Gases; Methods of attack from the air; Effect of weather on gas; Classification and types of War Gases; Blister and injuries produced, and treatment; Protection of eyes, nose and lungs by respirators, and fitting of same. Sunday-Gas 01amber with respirators; Protection of the body by protective clothing; Decontamination; Protective rooms and air locks; Respirator drill; Poisonous substances not used as offensive agents; First Aid Posts; A.R.P. Casualties Organisation.

The number attending the Courses is limited and nominations must reach the Chief Commissioner not later than 15 days prior to the course.

The fee for each course will be 35s. which sum includes meals from lunch on Saturday to dinner on Sunday, and sleeping accommodation on Saturday night and breakfast on Sunday morning. If the sleeping accommodation is not required the fee is reduced by 8s. 6d. Each member attending the course will be supplied with a satchell in which will be found textbooks, notebook and pencil.

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District

The second annual Catholic Church Parade will take place at the Church of Saints Peter and Edward, Palace

Street, \rVestminster, on Sunday, eptember 26th, all address will be given by Re\,. W. Higgs.

Col. J. L. Sleeman, C.B., C.1I.G., C.B.E., M.V. O., 1I.A. (Chief Commi ianer Brigade Ovcrseas) will inspL ct thc parade.

To facilitate scating arrangements, mcmber::, desir ingtu attend should notify Supt. J. E. Taylor, 3, \Va f\\ick Road, Southall, Middle ex, as oon as possible. The pard 'L will assemble in the Gallery space, adjoining Ecc1 estOIlroad Bridge, Victoria Station.

A course of lecturcs fur men ull First Aiu \\ ill Lc given by Dr. D. S. Todd- Whitc (Div. Surgeon) at Go oda!l Road School, Ley ton, E.1 0, commcnCl11g \ Vcdnc sud.), October 6th, at 7.30 p.m. Particulars can l>e oht ained from Amb. Officer P. Jeffries, 71, clby Road, Le ylonstone, E.11.

District Officcr T. McBride (Ccntral Area) ha ' bl Lli appointed Assistant County Controllcr for thc Counl y o! London of the mcn's Voluntary Aid Detachment.

::.Jo. 15 (HEN"DO ) CADET DIvIsrON.-Members of this Division again chosc Salcombc, South Devon, for th cir annual holiday and training camp, held from July 30th to August 14th under the supervision of Cadet Supt. F. II Hurford.

The historical old Castle Farm was the sile of the camp, and throughout the whole period the wcather was of the best, many hours of tropical sunshine being experienced.

Since the Division 's last visit the famous windj am 11lcr, the Herzogin Cecilic, had been wrecked in Starholc .Day and the remains could plainly be seen. A mutor trip to the vessel was arranged and photographs wcre taken.

Friday of the first week a coach tour of South Dc \ on "vas arranged. Th c fi rst stop was Bllckfast Abhey , the only Abbey in England to have again arisen from ash es; the monks have spent many years rebuilding it. From there the tour continued to Dartmeet, where lunch was served. On again over the open roads of Dartm oof, throug1h Princetown, through Tavistock to Plymouth to partake of tea. A visit to the Eddystone Lighthouse, the Hoe and the town concluded the stay in Plymouth, a1ld the tour completed with a two-hour run back to camp.

Second week was harvest time. The boys spent ma ny days assisting the farmer and experienced exciting tim es endeavouring to catch the rabbits scampering out of the corn. Rabbit soon appeared on the daily menu.

In between various forms of training the surrou nding district was fully scoured. An invitation was recei ved and accepted to the Annual Village Green Dance at Batson, one of the oldest customs in tlhe district.

On of the last evening a farewell camp fire was arranged to which the farmer and his family, and many people from the vilage, attended. Community singi ng,

FIRST

'fame s and individual items quickly passed the time away. The event concluded with a vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Prowse for the very enjoyable and memorable camp spent on their land and with them.

Saturday morning dawned; members said bood-bye to the ir friends; the return journey to London commenced, alld memories of a splcndid time lingers yet.

No, II District

BEDMINSTER DOWN DrvlsION.-Five members of this Di\ ision are on duty each week-end, night and day, at thL roadside first aid tent which has been erected at Luls gate Bottom on the Bridgwater Road. The tent is fully equipped for any casualties and although opened but a while 41 casualties have received treatment.

This is, we believe, the first and only tent service in

AID 57

The Divisional Secretary (Mr. H. G. Baker) had felt obliged to resign his position owing to ill-health. He had founded the Division and, said Dr. Taylor-Young, they would find great difficulty in filling his place.

The Mayoress presented certificates, medallions, labels and A.R.P. certifications in addition to the following competition awards :-

Superintendent's Medals: Sergt. ]. Wheble, Ptes. P. J. Pearce, L. J. Newbury and W. J. Chalke.

« Baker" Cup: Ptes. L. J. Newbury and W. ]. Chalke.

(C Rambridge" Cup: Messrs. Norris, Pearce, Wheble, F. Kirkbride and Footman.

« President's" Medal: Pte: E. G. Norris.

In recognition of his services, Dr. Taylor-Young was presented with a silver salver from ' the members of the Division.

Bedminster Down Division.

Jlembers on duly al the Roadside First Aid Tent at Lulsgate Bottom, Bridgwater Road.

a.ld around Bristol, and we congratulate the Division, \\ hi ch is not yet four years old, on its initiative. The service, which will continue every year from Ap nl to Octobcr, is run with the knowledge of the ,'um erset Police and A.A. patrol, arrangements having hee n made to takc mcmbers to any accident by car or moto r-cycle.

annual meeting of the Salisbury was .on August 20th. Mr. T. Herbert Gray (1 rCSldent) presldl11g, suported by the Mayor (Major M. Rawle nce), and the Mayoress, Lady District Officer Mrs. Batty, Dr. H. S. Taylor-Young (Div. Surgeon Supt.) alld others.

Dr. Taylor-Young seconded the welcome to the May or and Mayoress expressed by the Chairman, and also \\Clco med members of the Nursing Division. He cono-ratnla ted the. o.f the (C Rambridge" Cup and lShe. competltlOn had Improved the standard of work in ah sbury.

N o . ill D i stri ct.

The annual parade and service of the North Worcestershire Corps was held on Sunday, August 15th, at Blackheath.

There was a good muster on parade with Corps Supt. Alderman D. M. Chapman in charge, assisted by Corps Secretary F. Lightfoot. The various divisions on parade were: Stewarts and Lloyds, who arranged the parade (Supt. D. H. Williams); T. W. Lench's (Amb. Officer T. C. Lench); Langley (Supt. C. Greaves); Rowley Regis (Supt. H. S. Bennett); Oldbury Nursing (Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Hopins).

Headed by the Excelsior Works Band (T. W. Lench, Ltd.) the parade marched to the Parish Church where the Vicar (the Rev. R. H. L. Keays) conducted the service and also gave the address.

At the close of the service, the procession was re-formed, and proceeded by way of Cocksheds to the schools, where Alderman Chapman thanked the members for their presence.

AID

\YOLYERILU,IPTOX.-At the Royal Agricultural Show held this year at \i\Tolverhampton, the ambulance dutie were under the control of County Officer Morris Ch ri stopher; Corp. Surgeon J. \Vells was in charo'e of the medical personnel, and Corps Supt. F. G. Jackson in char :e of the ambulance units. Corps ecretary H. \Yatkins, sacrificing a week of his holiday, was all :l::y each day.

The nur ino' ide of the work was undertaken by the Bu hbury Nursing Division, under Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Delaney, and two detachments of the B.R.CS.] under the Hon. 'vV. H. Littleton (Staffs 66) and Mrs. B. Cribland (Staffs 20). It is of interest to note that this was the fir t occasion that the Brigade and B.R.CS. worked together and it is hoped that it will not be the la t.

Y"arious turns of duty were arranged by the Division of the \Volyerhampton Corps. The medical side was r epre ented by Corp Surgeon J. Wells] Div. Surgeons

J. H. Richmond (\Volverhampton)] A. Bryne Quinn (Bushbury)] W. L. Reid (Willenhall)] D. Waddell (Co eley) and Dr. E. Pringle] B.R.CS.

The Ambulance Divisions] and those in command] which did duty were: \Volverhampton (Supt. F. B. Coley] Amb. Officers VV. Hughes] G. Watterson and S. Brick); Bushbury (Div. Supt. F Lockley, Amb. Officer Lench); V/illenhall (Supt. G. H. Wilcox); Wednesfield (Supt. H. Price); Thompson Bros. Bradley Bilston (Supt. H. Osborne); Coseley (Supt. G. Wilkes). Corps Officer H. Knight was also on duty; cadets were supplied by the Bushbury Cadet Division.

The personnel was kept busy most of the time, and 260 cases were dealt with.

A letter of thanks has been receiyed from the Committee of the Royal Show.

No. IV D is trict LAXCASHIRE.

FLEETwooD.-On August 29th Col. C J. Trimble]

CB.E., carried out the annual inspection of the Ambulance .[ ursing and Cadet Divisions , Supt. T. R Bailey being in command.

After the general salute, the inspection and the march-past, there was a display of first-aid work] which included bandaging] stretcher cases] a gas case and hospital work.

For the first time the work was explained to the public as it was completed.

This was done by Col. Trimble] Supt. Bailey] and Dr. S. Newsom.

Afterwards Col. Trimble congratulated those taking part in what he described as " a most efficient display "

The :Mayor of Fleetwood (Ald. W. E. Simpson) presented long service medals to three members of the Fleetwood Division] Sergt. Grimshaw and Corpls. Cook and Swarbrick.

Among those with Col. Trimble at the saluting base were the Mayor and Mayoress of Fleetwood, Ald. T. Clegg and Ald. T. Cardwell] J.P., Coun. C F. Dent, the Vicar of Fleetwood (Rev. S. G. Stanton), Mr. and Mrs. ] ohn Bell and Mrs. G. B. Brewster.

PRESTON.-The annual report and balance sheet of the Preston Corps, for the year ended December 31st, 1936, has just been issued by Corps Supt. E. F. Millington.

The year's work shows a continued progress in all branchcs and many expressions of thanks for services r endered have been received.

Public duties increased and more calls were mad e for the transfer of sick to and from their homes. Ca ses attended by the nursing personnel at public duli es numbered oyer 600.

Air Raid Precautions claimed much time in train il1'" and scyeral members have qualified as instructors. b

The Corps lost its Pre ident by the dcath of Mr. W. W. Galloway] J.P., who had held the position inc e 1921 and wa the donor of the .. Galloway" Challeng e Cup. His place ha been filled by Div. IIu gh Riddell, Chairman of the PI eston Centre, S.] .A. 1\lajor A. E. Rayner, O.B.E., M.D., has to become a vice-president. The Corps also lost through death Dr. F. 'vV. Collinson, J.P., and Dr. J. Eccle. Irs. How ard ha taken the office 0 f a "ice-president on her re ignati ol\ of the po ition of Lady Corp upcrintcndcnl.

The report al 0 contain report () f competition :, in pections, lectures and other data appertaining- to th e Corps' work. The e how the uscfulnc s of the Briga de in Preston, and we congratulate the memhers on their effort during the past year.

No . V District

ARMLEY AND \ ORTLEY DIVISIOx.-For the 20 t', succes ive year member of thi Di\ i ' ion erected an ambulance station at the Arml e y Fea·t to deal with casualties that usually happen where cr o\\ tis gclthcr. Each year some 60 cases receive attention, this year's figu re being 68, which is clcar proof of the ll ' dulness of the seryices rcndered.

The station COll i ted of l\\ a huts (kindly loaned by 11r. Walter O. Walker, President of the Division). O ne was arranged as a mall hospital fully equipped wi th splint, bandages, dre ing and other appliances for al.)' emergency. The other hut was u ed a a tarE depot.

Forty members of the Diyision altendcd in r elay , night and day, and during the buiest periods of the fe l! nurses from the Leeds Corp a i ted.

The station wa under the charge of ' upt. Edw ard D. Glover, being assi ted by his yery \\ illing and e n ergetic officers and men. Amb. Officcr A. Ii:. Ferguson , w ith Staff Sergt. R. M. Wilkinson] Sergl. \ ' C. Goodison aml other member, erected the station, fixed electric light, etc., whilst Messrs. Baker and Hodgman acted as starkeepers. Amb. Officer W. E. Pemment had his respec tl\ e charge.

Dr. ]. E. Rusby (Div. Surgeon) inspected the tat ioll and expressed his entire satisfaction on the arrang ements.

The first patient was suffering from a sprained ank le, the last an inj ured thumb. Four persons were sent to Leeds Infirmary.

The Division worked in conjunction with the Poli ce, so that it was possible to obtain the Leeds City Amb ulance without delay.

No. VII District

The annual field day of the Hereford District VI as held on August 29th amid the beautiful surroundings of Dinmore Manor, through the courtesy of Mr. and Mr s R. H. Murray.

The morning was devoted to combined exerciseg and drill.

After lunch] visitors arrived and standing before t he grand old Chapel of the Knights Hospit.allers of St. Jo hn 9f ) the Rev. L. ]. B. Snell (vicar of H oly frImty, Hereford), preached to a congregation of about 300 members of the Brigade and their friends.

The members of the Brigade then marched t.o the

Te1lnis Courts where County Commissioner Dr. r. W. Mac. Gregor, and Lady County Officer Mrs. E. Hopton] accompanied by Viscount lIere£ord, 1\1r. R. H. Murray, Di\. Surgeon Walker and Dr. Logan] ack, inspected the para de.

Among the guests pre ent were Dr. and Mrs. G. D. Tl1 ll is, Mr. ]. S. Willox (assistant secretary to the Herefo d hire .J.A.A.), the Rev. and Mrs. L. J. B. Snell, MI a nd 1\Ir G. R. 'vViIliams and 1\1rs. C Walker.

After tea the guests were entertained to a display of trctc her drill and first aid, Riven by three squads of the Hereford Ambulance Cadet Division, uncler the superyi Io n of Cadet. Officcr II. J. Harris. This wa followed h) 1 11 examination for .CO.'s of the Cadet Division by the Co unty Commissioner and Dr. Logan Jack.

The and 'ommanc1ery Chapel of the Order \\-erc open to all vi. itor for in pectiol1, and everyone took full aclyantagc of their ho t ' ho pitality.

AID

In addition to members of the Eastbourne Division, under Supt. Burnage, detachments from Hastings, Hailsham and Lewes attended. Headed by the Hastings Drum and Fife Band, the parade marched to the Ordnance yard.

The Mayor] who was one of the instigators of the formation of the Eastbourne Division, expressed on behalf of the town appreciation of the excellent work done by the Brigade in Eastbourne and the willingness of the men to give their services for the benefit of the community.

Asst. Commissioner Wricyglesworth] on behalf of the Commissioner, thanked the citizens of Eastbourne for providing the magnificent ambulance which, he felt sure] expressed the high estcem in which the movement was generally held.

Supt. Burnage stated that, with the aid of the new ambulance the division would be able to carry out their

A detachment on duty at the Armley Feast, upt. E. D. Glover (fourth from right) being in charge.

Owing to iUnes " upt. G. N. Bullock (Hereford) wa 1I1 hlc to be present, and at the in tance of Mr. Murray a ttc r of sympathy \\ as sent to him which was signed by al ,los t eyeryone present.

A happy incident was the presentation of a cheque t? the H?n. an.d l\Irs. R. T. l\Iorris, by the County thl bC111g a wedding gift from the member of the Bngadc, \\ho all have the highest csteem for the hdPPY couple, who have done such great work for the during pa t. year.

No. VIn (Duk e of Connaught's) District

EAS TBOURNE.-On Sunday, September 5th, the new am bu lance of the Eastbourne Division was dedicated by Warner 111 the of a large gathering, which r;1 c].l: ded. the Mayor ]. Wheeler)] Sir James J UI\ Comml SlOner H . ]. Wrigglesworth, Martl11 Wdllamson, l\Irs. Sydney Smith Miss Smith • rs. Farr) and ']

operations far better than in the past. He hoped that before long Eastbourne residents would provide headquarters where the activities of the members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions could be carried on undcr one roof.

After the dedication service the parade, led by the l\Iayor, attended church service, Canon "Varner giving the address.

RYE.-On Sunday morning, August 8th, outside the Town Hall, Rye, the new Rye motor ambulance was dedicated by the Vicar, Prebendary ] ohn Fowler in the presence of a large gathering.

.The o.f the new ambulance has been raised by publIc subs.cnptlOn a!1d as one of the principal subscribers, Lady ] OWltt of \i\Tlttersham officially handed over the vehicle to the President of the Rye Division Alderman ]. 1\1. ] enkin s.

The new am?ulance reP.laces one which was presented to the Rye HospItal some S.IX ago by the late Lady 1\lcllwralth. The new vehIcle IS the last word in ambv/

Armley and \VorLley Di"ision.

lance design and fitted with eyery convenience and comfort.

It \\'ill be ayailahlc day or night, and if de ired, a member of the Brigade will accompany the ambulance.

No. IX District

REDRUTH.- 11 exhibition of the Replica of the Cro\\,11 J e\\"cls (kindly loaned by the Dail)' Sketch) was held in the lounge of the Regal Cinema (by kind permission of the proprietor) from Augu t 11th to 17th , the proceeds going to Diyisional fund.

The opening ceremony on \Vedne day Auo ust 11th, \ya performed by 11r. Ju tice Hawke, \\ 110 poke highly of the work of the Brigade in Redruth and District.

Li e ut.-Col. V\-. Black" ood (County C0111l11i sioner), l.Ir. Harry Rich (President) 11r. .Tame Gla son and Ex-County Commissioner E. Troun all (yicc - president ) and Lady County Officer Mi H. Gryll (Red ruth) also participated at the ceremony.

upt. C. C. Pello\\'e (Red ruth) was assisted by the following officer from neighbouring Divisions: Lady upt. Mrs. Thomas (Redruth ursing), upt. R. Jory (Illogan), Supt. S. T. Bowden and Amb. Officer Peters ( tithians and Carnmenellis)

The proceed for the \\"eck \\-as £26 -ts. to th e larg-c increase in the work and llumerical strength of the r.)i\ ision. the present headquarters at Clinton Passage haye heen found inadequate anel a l1e\\ headquarters is to be erected at Ba et treel, on a site of ground very generously given by 11r. and S. T. Bartle, of Redruth.

vVork has commenced on the building, and when completed should proye a great asset to the ambulance moYement in Redruth. The Diyision will also be the possessors of a large and up-to-date ambulance statIon.

No. X District

BRAIXTREE.-On Saturday, Augu ' l 24th, the ne\\" ambulance hut of the Braintree Diyision, which is situated on the main Braintree-Coggeshall road, was declared o pen by Edgar Roger, wife of the Dean of Backing. The Dean of Backing, Chaplain of the Order, 1l1spected the parade and consecrated the hut.

G. T. Bartram, O. B. E.) j. P. (vice-president) addressed the members) congratulating them on the usefulness of the service they were prepared lo render.

HOLT.-At the annual meeting of the Holt Diyisioll the Diy. Secretary (Mr. A. H. Colman) announced tha t the Daily l11irrol' Tokens had brought in £30 and that of the £600 required for a new ambulance £320 had been obtained without any public appeal. At the annual examination all members had satisfied the examiner. The cc King" Cup was won by Pte. B. W. Elsclen and the " Moulton" Cup by Pte. B. S. Cooke. Both these and also last year's winners, were presented with spoons by l\I r. H. W. Moulton, \\"ho presided oyer the meeting.

Northern Ireland (Ulster) District.

It was with pardonable pleasure and enthu iasm that the officers and members of the Brigade looked forward

AID

to the firsl \'i it to the City of Belfast of Their Majesties the I ing and Queen since their Coronation.

Elaborate arrangements had been made by the Commissioner and Assistant Commissioners, and oyer 200 member of the mbulance and Nursing- Diyisiol1s wcn allocated to posts along the route through which the King' a ncl Queen would pa

t the City Hall Her 11aj csty inspected the member s of the British Legion, at the conclu ion of which tht Commi sioner for N Orlhern Ireland, 11r. Ian Fraser, and R. Sinclair, were presented to Their Maje ties. Thc following. eJ!-ior Officers of the were al 0 pre· entcd: Dlstnct urge on R. VV. 1\1. tram, Asst. Co III III isioner D. Parker, A. VI. Mann, W. Allen, Lady Distri ct Officer 1\li s B. \i hitaker, County Officers .i\I rs. L. Kirkpatrick, 'vV. \Vilton Rnd G. John Lon. Ia n Fra er a ked perIni SiOll to pre ent fiyc 'enior Officers o f the Briti h Red Cro society, and the following- \\ er e duly pre ented: Dr. J. ::\lacinto'h, i\Iajor D. i\Ic\ -icker ::\1r. J. c. Hamilton, ::'IIi lIen and l.frs. E. J\1cComb e: ftcr \ ery mixed summer wcather the day of th e Royal Vi it opened heautifully fine-enhancing the 11L;tut y of the City Hall anel the magnificent decoration. A th·c clay progrc sed the heat became more intense and a ' a re ult member of the Brigade had a bus) lime. lhe City Hall "here the crowd were memb cr..; O! .A.I? .and B.R S. were 1m lly employed as :\1ctll11 aIler \'Ictlm fell 11.11c1er the reL) s of the sun and Ileat. Man)" \\·ho had \\ ell ted for hours \\ ith nothil1 °' but f\ hurried light I>I'cakiasl, made the \\ ork uf the Dri, r,ll\ all arc1uous one . It i . computed that het\\ een 2,090 peOI?le received fir t aid throughout the day, and theIr erVlce \\ ere lle\"er more appreciated.

On the following day the Commissioner, 11r. I an Fr.aser, receiyed the following letter frolll the Pri lr.c Lord Craigcl\'on :-

"Dear i\Ir. Fraser,

I houlcl like to tah: the OPIHJrtllllitv after departure last en.'ning to l'xpre to you the gTa.tcful appreciation of Clur em l rJ1ml'nt for the h t:lp \\ I11Ch \\'a so willingly ancl efficiently al'furded yester day hy you and you.r able hand of assi tants from the '- t. Jo11n \mhulan ce Bngadc and the Briti h eros SOCll t\.

I on all side nothing' hut praise for the manner in whICh your difficult ta k \\ a carried out and I sho uld be g-Iad if you would kindly COIWCY am It:dgn l.;'lt and warmest thanks to all who contributed so materi a]'" in making the Royal Vi it Olle \\ hich will Ii \'c lOll " in th'c memories of the people of (I teL Your \'cry \ CRAIGAYO ." • ,

There were no seriolls with the exceptioIl (If two or three heart ca es reql1lnng: attenlioll, and a mem orahle visit, which will live long in the memories of Uls te r people, concluded al ahoul 8 p.m., when Their 1fajes t i 5 amId lhe thnnclerou cheer 01 thousands of the 10) ,t1 subjecls, went aboard the Royal Yacht to return to England.

Priory for Wales.

A'R RAID PR EC'\(J nONS.

T i lE selection of nominees for the trictly limited number of rl Lces at the Civilian Anti-Gas School, Fallleld, allolted to til 1. John Ambulance Brigade in y\lales is by no means Cil'; ). pite the strenuous nature of the course, it is sur prising- to nnd large numbers of bu ) persons prepared to sac rifice holidays in Dreier to take advantage of the opporun ity. The Priory \\'a ofrered nine places this year; and a l )ut one hundr d of the Grade 1 I nstructors in "Vales, in Illany Brigade Surgeons, applied for attendance. I \\as I1nall) decided to accept the applications of n\ e of the '1 uperinlendants of Rescue Stations in \Vales (the P?rIntendant of the !_oughor Re cue Station having to d c1 l11e on acc()unt of dIne who as ,\ R. P. Officers in tht ir n :spccti\'e localities arc rendering \aluable assistance in t he training of Brigade in Air Rai<.l Precautions and Jour Grade 1 I nstructor elected according to rela tive Importance of the area concerned, the need for ':m ulating .\. R. P. and other con iderations. A( co rdingl) tile following (flicer took the course from \ug- u t 23rd to 'l'ptcmber -+th, and at the moment are I ok ing forward to the notification of result::, : Dr. Tudor \\ 'illial11:-, .\ sistant Pont)rri ud County Ar a. [ r. TI10l11as ] ones, .\. R. P. Oflicer, Pontarda\\'e County .\ L l. Corrs ecrctary E. \\'. anderson, Barry and District er rs.

Ambulance Oflicer T. L. Dct)'ment, [) ardiff City

G. Grinlths, :\line Re cue 'talion, Abera1l1an. Supt. D: .\1. Jonl> \1 'tatior., Brynmenyn. Supl. C. i\l. h,lttO, :\llllC Rescue 'lation, ::\ew TI degar.

Supt. J H. Thorne, .\line Re cue Slation, Dinas, 1\ t ho \\'. T. \\'inoofll, .\Iines Rescue Crumlin.

To meet a dc<"irc expre sed by a number of Brigade Oillc er who ha\c lJualified a<.; Grade 1 or Grade? InstruclOrs a)ll? are anxious to keep their knowledge up to date, the r rt(l r) ha arranged a \\'eek-end Refresher Cour e in A. R. P. 011 25th and 26th al the ity II all Cardiff. The )ll catlOns for attendance numbering clo f' on one hundred, In ude many Brigade Surgeons who have not yet gualified fa as Grade 1 Instructors; and a com prehells l\ e syllabus has been prepared by the Priory's Headq u tr ter A. R. P. Slafr OfTicer, Captain B. Turner, ., L.R.c.P., who will be a.si ted in the lecturin o by l: r., Tudor \Villiam s, who has just returned from a a t I a ltield, and Dr. Elliott T. Glenny, one of the 1\Iedical r uctors appointed by the Home Office for the instruction l'oc tors and nurses in the South \V ales area, who has k ItlJ ly placed his serv ices at the Priory's disposal for this pu rno se.

the importance of Air Raid Precautions. An appeal was to Secretaries to bend their energies to the popularisalion of class work in this vital subiect in the interests of WOJ Id. by. initiating A. R. P. Classes either alongside those In First Alld and Home Nursing or as a subject for subsequent study. It was pointed out that class students can be usefully en rolled as members of the A. R. P. ,\uxiliary Reserve of the, t. John Ambulance Brigade

PRIORY HEADQUARTER ::\OTES.

The first Conference of Brigade Surgeons within the PrIory, convened by the Surgeon-in-Chief for Wale.;, Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., J.P., "yill be held in Cardiff on Sunday morning, September 26th, when many important matters affecting the medical aspect of Brigade \york \vill be discussed.

.\n immediate response is being recei\'ed to the appeal to members of the Order in \Vale for contributions towards aT 1\!el11orial to .the memory of the late Mr. H. 1\1. Ingledew, Kl11ght of Justice of the Order and Honorary Solicitor of the Priory. The memorial will take the form of a Tablet to erected .in.the Church of St. John the Baptist, Cardiff, by klI1d permiSSIOn of the Vicar and Church <.yardens.

;\1embers of the Priory are eagerly anticipating the first of l!. R. H. the Duchess of Kent as Lady-SuperII1tendent-II1-Chlef of the Brigade in \\'ales, who will accompany His Royal Highness the Prior on hi second visit to the Priory on October 19th and 20lh. for the Pri?ry Ball \\"lIich their Royal Highne ses will attend at the City Hall on October 19th are well in hand, and the joint secretaries, :\lrs. C. H. Keen and Dr. Edgar Llewellyn ha\"e had a most unen\'iable ta k in allotting tickets. The proceeds of the Ball are in aid of Priory funds; and e\ ery care has been taken to ensure that those actively as ociated with the Priory'S work shall ba\'e had an opportunity of reguisitioning tickets.

At General Assembly to be held on the followinO" morning, H. R. H. the Prior will hold an Investiture of of. the Orde.r on the Roll of the Priory, while Her Royal Highness wIll present a Standard to the Brigade in \Vales.

During the half-year ended ] une 30th, 1937, t he B. R. C. S. Transfusion Service answered 2,665 calls. The membership at that date was 2,-+83.

In aid of the funds of the local B.R.C.S. and S,lA B., a dance was held in the "hurch Institute, Chipperfielu, on Friday, August 20th. Mrs. O'Kelly distributed aw a rds during the interval

F' In .a recent circular Lo the Honurary Secretaries of Irst Aid and Home r\ursing Classes, of whom there are o nc in \Val es, drav.:ing attention to the need th e. t he. su bmlsslon of .lh e. reglst:r 0: attendances with to for eXaI1ll11atlOl1S, since It has been decided .lltsgua ldy any examinees who have not taken the preSCri be d lectures, the Priory took the opportunity of urging

The distinction of being the first Cadets within the Brigade in \Vales to qualify for the blue riband of Cadet efficiency belongs to two members of the Fishg-uard and Goodwick Cadet Divisirm, viz , Cadet Sergeant B.' G. Pointer and Cadet Corporal R. Wiffen.

Cadet Superintendent G. H. E. POll1ter, who was the proud recipient of the Grand Prior's Cadet Badges on August 28th, thus fulfils an ambition to which he has devoted commendable enthusiasm; and "'hile the two successful Cadets have won the a ward on their merits they owe much to the encouragement afforded by their Cadet Superintendent, whose leisur e time has been almost wholly taken up by ambulance work since the formation of the Cadet

FIRST AID

U nit in 1932. The Division is particularly fortunate also in having a Surgeon in the person of Dr. L. H. Terry, who for many years past has made the study of am bulance work a lively interest in the Fishguard and Goodwick area.

ST. JOHN CADET CAi\IPS, 1937.

The Cadet Camps instituted in 1936 with the aid of a grant from the King George's Jubilee Tru t, from which source a final sum was allotted to the Priory this year, have been re,Jeated in 1937 at the same place, viz., the well appointed hutments at Barry Island, by the kindness of the Glamorgan Territorial Army Association, where a total of 100 cadets can camp together with comfort. The first week, August 7th-14th, was occupied by the Girl Cadets, who enjoyed an excellent holiday under the unstinted care and able organisation of Lady County Officer 1\1 rs. S. B. Turner

Superintendent-in- hief for Wales, who was accompanied by Lady County Superintendent 1\lrs. Hamiliton Ingledew. the Hon John H. Bruce (Commissioner for Wales) and V. (Assistant S.ecretary); Dr. Edgar Llewellyn CommissIOner for Card 1fT ; Dr. S. B. Turner, Assist ant Commissioner, Caerphilly County Area; Assistant Commi s _ sioner F. R. Hortop, Barry; and Divisional urgeon Dr. ]. L. O'Flynn. Lady Divisional Superintendent Mrs. H. 1\1. King assisted at the camp on several days; and members of the Barry Hill Division helped to prepare the camp. Th e girls returne? to their homes in all part of Glamorgan , Brecknockshlre and l\lonmouth, on August 14th, 6t an d happy and all looking forward to renewing the friendship s made with members from other districts another year.

Equally good weather favoured the three camps for Bo'\ Cadets on the subsequent weeks, terminating on aturda )', September 4th. Three hundred boy, many from som e the most distressed areas of South \-Vales, benefited by a

Drunkenn es s.

By J. G . FORBES.

FIRST

AID

(Extracts [rom a Pajer gt"ven to members of a .f. A. B. Division. )

Nominees ot the Priory for Wales at the Civilian Anti-gas School, Falfield, August 23rd-September 4th, 1937.

From left, sitting: Dr. Thomas Jones, CwmlIynfell; l'vlr. A. T. Winborn, Crumlin Dr. Tudor Williams, Cilfynydd.

Standing:

1\1r. C. M. Kitto, Tredegar ; Mr. D. 1. Jones, Brynmemin ; Mr. T. H. Thorne, Porth; Mr. T. L. Dayment, Cardiff; Mr. E. W. Sanderson, Barry; Mr. G. Griffiths, Aberaman.

and her capable Assistant Commandant, Lady County Officer Miss E. A. Gravenor, who were in charge of the first Senior Nursing Camp as Commandant and Assistant Commandant respectively in 1936. While the primary object of the Camp, to provide a holiday home for cadets in return for services rendered during the course of the year, was fulfilled, every advantage was taken of the opportunity to raise the standard of ambulance activities, to the extent that sixteen out of eighteen of the older cadets qualified for A. R. P. Certificates at an examination held on the last day; and between happy times bathing and -"isiting local beauty spots, lectures on "Bed Making," "Camp Etiquette" and other similar subiects were listened to with interest. A particularly popular outing was a visit to Porthkerry Park, with tea at Porthkerry Rectory, at the kind invitation of 1\1 rs. Henry Gethin Lewis, who gave the an excellent time and was herself entertained in return with an impromptu concert from the girls.

Visitors included Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., Lady

bracing holiday; and County Officer A. Blandford, Monmouthshire Centre, kindly took charge as Command ant during the whole period, assisted by a willing band of Cadet Officers.

Captain J. F. Trezise, of St. Michael's, Bristol, cele· brated his 80th birthday on August 26th. Captain Tr ezise was co-founder of the Bristol City and Marine Ambul ance Corps 37 years ago.

Eo

Fifty St. John nurses formed a guard of honour a t the wedding of Miss Phyllis Turner, elder daughter of Dr. S. B. Turner and Mrs. Turner, of Bargoed, to Mr Eger to n Whalebone, son of Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Whalebone, of Sutton, Surrey. Dr. Turner is Assistant Commissioner in the Caerphilly County Area, Priory for Wales.

A LCOHOL is a substance which has many uses. It is used as an an tiseptic for the skin and for surgical in struments, the best antiseptic strength being 70 per cen t., and not pure or absolute alcohol; it is often used in hospitals to harden the skin and so p revent the formation of bedsores; many sufferers fro m sleeplessness find that sleep comes better after a O" lass of hot whisky and water at bed-time because <.l'its depressant action upon the higher centres; i+ is also used in concentrated form, such as neat rr and y, to produce i m portan t reflex stimulating dfects on people who have been bitten by a I isonous snake, or those suffering from prussic Li d poisoning. These stimulating effects will o t be produced by drinking beer as there is only per cen t. of alcohol therei n, whereas in wh isky, gin or brandy there is about 50 per cent. Alcohol is very easily absorbed by the stomach nd so its effects on the body are quickly produced. [ 1 small doses alcohol is beneficial if the person \ h o has taken it is not concerned with trifles, and he may be able to make a speech with more confi(e nce. This feelin rr of well-being is due to the c..cp ression of inhibitory impulses coming from the I ra in. In large doses this central nervous def ession is continued, and the depression obeys the La w of Dissolution, that is to say: the higher fac ulties which developed last in the evolutio nary scale, those which raised him above the 1-. vel of an ape, are the first to be depressed and so y regular sequence until we get to those functions \ h ich are first developed, and which are the last t be influenced by alcohol. Thus the power of :ud gment is abolished very early by alcohol. This L so while the imagination, the emotions and the po wer of speech are unaffected, but soon the power f imagination goes, the person loses all command ove r his emotions and he cries and laughs without rea son at all.

He next begins to lose control over his speech an d he talks incoherently and thickly; soon after he cannot talk at all but can only make a noise. l\Iu scular movements which are not as highly dev eloped as those of speech are next affected, del icate lately-developed movements such as wri ting or feeding himself are for a time perfor med inco-ordinately, but soon they are paralysed. Next the muscular movements develop ed before these are implicated, and the patient can not undress himse lf or walk straight, and inco-ordination of these movements soon passes i nt o inability to do them at all. Next the activity

of the reflex centres of the spinal cord is abolished, and the patient passes his motions under himself. Then the respiratory centre becomes paralysed, breathing is difficult, the face is livid, and the patient finally dies from respiratory failure. If alcoholic coma lasts longer than 12 hours recovery is unlikely The depression of the reflex centres of the spinal cord accounts fQr the fact that injuries which would kill a sober man may not kill a drunken one, for the heart and respiration, owing to the general central depression, are not reflexly affected by the injuries.

There are many complications of alcoholism, but the one you may be asked to treat is Delirium Tremens. This condition usually occurs in chronic drunkards, but it may also occur in people who are sensitive to alcohol and who have had only one or two glasses of beer. The symptoms of Delirium Tremens are :-Disturbed sleep talkativeness; lack of concentrating power hallucinations shakiness of the hands; the lips and tongue tremble when the patient talks, and the hallucinations become more definite and more frequent in addition the face is flushed, the pulse is quick, soft, and at first full, but later it becomes small and feeble. The first aid treatmen t of such a case is to send for a doctor, keep the patient quiet and warm, and to remove all objects with which the patient may do himself or persons nearby any injury.

That alcohol is a food cannot be denied, for the weight of the body may be maintained if a large quantity of alcohol be taken, even if the rest of the food in very small in amount. It spares both fats and proteins and is a food which can be absorbed without previous digestion. There are cases on record of very sick persons being kept alive for several days or even weeks on nothing but brandy and water, but some authorities say these persons would very likely have lived if they had had just water alone. Alcohol should not be substituted for other foods because only 10 cubic centimetres or about ! teaspoonfuls of alcohol can be oxidised by the body in an hour, and so all the rest of the alcohol drunk is carried about by the blood to the brain, and if in sufficient concentration will cause intoxication.

The first aider occasionally comes across a person lying comatose on the pavement, and he has q uickl y to decide the cause of the patient'S condition. There are about 20 causes of coma, but many of them are outside our province, so I will not confuse you by including them in my list. The main causes of coma are therefore :Apoplexy: Compression of the Brain Concussion of the Brain Alcoholic Poisoning Post-Epileptic Coma; Opium Poisoning; Heat-Stroke; and Hysterical Coma.

In Post-Epileptic Coma there is usually a

history of the patient having fallen to the ground with a scream and of being in convulsions ever since.

In Opium Poisoning you may find needlepuncture marks on the arms or legs, and the pupils will be " pin-point" in size.

Heat-Stroke only occurs in hot damp atmospheres and is characterised by sickness, fainting, thirst, flushed face and a quick bounding pulse.

Hysterical Coma is not a true coma at all, the breathing is never loud, the pupils react to light, and the patient. usually a girl, resists attem pts to open the eyes.

In Concussion of the Brain there is usually some indication of a head injury.

Coma due to Compression of the Brain usually follows on Apoplexy or Concussion. It is characterised by a slow steady fall in the pulse rate and may not come on until some hours after the head injury.

In Apoplexy, as you know, the face is flushed, the breathing is stertorous, the pulse after being barely perceptible at first is full and bounding, one side of the body is more limp than the other, this unilateral limpness can often be noticed in the face as the mouth is pulled over to the unaffected side and distorted; the pupils are unevenly dilated, but this is not constant; in addition, the pupils are insensitive to the light of a pocket-torch, and if you lift the upper eyelid touching the eyeball with a clean finger will not cause reflex blinking, and finally the body temperature is usually above normal.

In Alcoholic Coma, however, the face is usually lived, but sometimes it may be flushed; the pulse is small and feeble; the skin is cold and clam my; breath ing is stertorous; the tern perature of the body is below normal (although the patient may say he has never felt so warm before); the pupils react slowly to light and in addition blinking can be caused if you raise the eyelid and touch the eyeball; finally, the Black Book says the pupils are dilated, but most medical authorities say this is only because attempts have been made to waken the patient, and that if you are the first person to attend a comatose drunkard you will find the pupils contracted. Now if you waken the patient the pupils will dilate, but within 5-20 minutes afterwards the pupils will be contracted once more as long as the patient has not been disturbed. A useful tip in testing for drunkenness is to press hard in the little hollow on the eyebrows called the supra-orbital notch in which lies the supraorbital nerve. This notch isl -in. on either side of tbe nose, and pressure there will usually bring round a drunkard, temporarily at least.

The difficulty in these cases of drunkenness is in finding out if there is any injury to the h€ad and the brain caused by the fall to the ground.

AID

lVlany cases have been reported of policemen leaving what was thought to be " another drunk" in a cell all night, and on looking at him next morning finding the drunkard dead from a cerebral hcemorrhage caused by breaking one or mor e bones of his head when he fell.

If you are called on to treat such a case ei the r outdoors or indoors it is advisable to keep th e patient warm, and do not forget this means puttin g a blanket or coat underneath the patient as well a s over him if he is lying down, and turn his head to one side to stop vomited matter or saliva frorr being inspired. Then send for a doctor to com e as soon as possible. and, while the doctor IS coming, make a note of the pulse-rate very fiv \.! minutes to help the doctor decide if there is an ) brain injury or not. In addition, car fully examin e the patient and look for signs of apoplexy or of alcoholic poisoning. Abo\ ' e all never diagno se drunkenness because one of the signs is positi\· 1 or even because two of the signs are posi ti ve, b ut only decide the cause of the coma is due 0 alcoholic excess if the face is livid, the pupils a re changeable in size and they react slowly (0 ligh t, the wt:ole body is limp, the skin is clammy, a nd the breath smells of alcohol.

Finally, having diagnosed drunkenness, if tl e patient is conscious you can give an emetic su h as lukewarm water, salt and water, or mustard ar d water, so that the patient is sick and vomits up the alcohol in his stomach. If the patient .s u nconcious do not attem pt to bri ng him rou nd )' giving him sal volatile to smell, as t he case turn out to be one of apoplexy a disas t r would occur, as owing to the stimulation of t l e heart there would be another cerebral hcemorrha f,e. Unconscious drunkards are usually taken 0 hospital, where a stomach tube is passed into t t e patient, and the alcohol i siphoned out of t l,e stomach, the pulse is carefully taken every fi 'e minutes, and various tests are done on the patie nt to detect brain injuries. If the patient is j us t drunk he will usually waken up very soon a nd have no knowledge of his previous state.

The Aag day held by the Birkenhead Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade realised tIle sum of £L J. Inclement weather and a shortage of helpers were mai nly responsible for the slight decrease on last year's effort.

The Table II of War Gases which appeared in our August, I935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Appli cations should be sent, together with remittance, t o " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

Railway Ambulance News.

Great We stern.

35 YEAR EFFICIEXCY AW \RDs.-In connection with thL ncw G.W.R. gold efficiency har, which was inaugurated L -; t ycar, for ycars' amhulance sen·icc. ior attachment t, thc Quartcr Century :1\J t:dal, thc following members of till: taft ha\'e hccn a\\ arclecl thc bar during- the pa .'. Dolton. Depot lila tcr, Oxley I dlllg \\ llllall1 II. J. Daniell. Yar<l Foreman. Glotlcestty : Charks T. Drinkwatcr, Brake-sctter, Gloucester; Hiney C. Barnctt, Clcrk, Paddington: Frank Pa engcr ,uard, Brilol; Jallle Johnson, Examiner, Bn slal; Evan O. Jone , .'ig-nalm<tn. Lanclorc; \\ illiam J. nC -an, Platform Ill . peclor. S\\ an ca High. tree! : Charles lIo pkills. ub-GalH! Lr.::': t:\\ [1(lrt: \Yilliam IIardin L()ckmit h. ::':c\\'port: Jamc C. Ford Charo cman"" Fitter Tunncl J Lcwi G.' Repairer: Franc!. Evan incioJ1' Geon" s. Eng-illcman. Uld Oak Common; ja per '1. a piL'hc!rn. For(,ll1an. 9ld Oak ommon; Gcorgc (;nc!c;,.

Je kel (olkctor. Lea 111 IIll; t nn : (hark: E. Tone. Iwpcc i ()r

;- a lTnrd Road; Frank \T. Smith Ce()rge E. \Valtcr, Fitter, tarford Road: \\ dltam, TT: Tea l;·lc,.:\fesscnger. Erne t

:

!n hl ,:-;. Eng' llll man. Bnstol: mbro e Thorne. Black mith.

I tll1 lllol1; Arthur C. Engine Cardiff;

,1uh n IT. \hrahams, Ignalman. hifnal: George A.

B 'as le)" Portcr , Padding-ton. The Company' llleda.1 tor fi ftcen years' amhulance efficiency wa ' 1,1 t l l ll ll' d In th e year 1921. and thes' memhers are the flr tn :lChll' \-1' the eli tinction of holdine: the bar.

a of rccommendation made by II l,reat \\ RaIlway Ccntral Ambulancc Committ . ,t he lIlg membcrs of the staff hayc bcen admitted

;1 1 r?f the Orde.r of t. John of JeruR. L. \\Jlham. Engll1cman. 0 wc try;

J: \\ lib, In pcctar. Truro; Mr. F. H. Xorthcott

; I l\,C\\ tall bbot. in recognition of a long perioci \! .. cr: lce to the movement. The \TelIuIn ,tc at 01 thc Order has heen awardcd to :\1r.

\

\. I-I.ookll1", Pas engcr Guard. Pcnarth. al 0 for eryice

Cr c nng a long pcriod of years. CYril Roo-ers

T 1' naIman, has received thc Vellum of a nk of the Pnory for \Vales. 1\1r. RoO'ers who is Officer of the St. John Amhulance B;iO'ade at \ ,' uphIlI)', h?ld the 25 year efficiency medal of Great \ tern Radway and the .J.A.B. Bar for 25 )'ear l icc.

l ondon, Mid land and Scottish.

t OI k BUSIIBURY.-The ?th annual distribution of awards 24 place at a smokmg conccrt on AuO'ust 16th when labels, 3 vouchers, 5 certificates and (15 tc Irs), to Messrs. A. Brown, W H. bCarter and Ii } hgoe, were presented.

Dr. .1\'. Byrne-Quinn was presented with a Rolls razor 111 r ecogl1JtlO ll of his services as Class Lecturer,

GLASGo\v.-The L."\1.S. Glasgow (Women's) Ambulance ection resumes its meetings at 302, Buchanan Street, on Septemher 30th.

Following the course of lectures in first aid, the examination for ccrtificatcs, etc., will he held in December, and thereafter team practices will be commenced for the L.1\I.S. Women's Amhulance Competition, which is helel in the spring of the year and which is open to women employed at all centres. The cup is at present held by the Glasgow Section.

During recent year the increase in numbers and the enthusiasm of the mcmbers have been encouraging and it i hoped that there will he many new members this cason.

Intending members should communicate with the Secretary, Miss Jean D. Ritchie. Costing Section, Locollloti, c Accountant'_ Office, 318. Parliamentary Road -

GUZEBl:RY.-The Kenyon CIa recently held their first distribution of awards. "\1r. H. Lawton acted as chairman and the following were distributed by ,,\11'. \\'ard: 13 certificatcs, 1 ,-ouchcr, 6 labels, 15 years' O'old mcdal, E. Roberts.

In appreciation of his eHices a lecturer. Dr. J. H. Young wa presented with an electric clock.

LL.\::\I)O\-ERY.-The presentation of award recently p'lace to \\ ho were succe iul in passing the first clleI examInatIOn conducted hy Dr. T. \V. Lawson. L1aJ:g-adock. The following: awards were di tributed: 7 ccrtlficates, 1. ,"ollcher, 11 thircl and subsequent year labels. The chan wa taken by ::\1r. \\ T. J. Bound. ,,-hil t the presentation \\'erc made by 1\11'. O. J. Maggs.

PLODDER L.\XE.- The distribution of ambulance a\\-ard took placc on August 19th.

:\Ir. R. A. ay pre ided and Dr. J. H. chofield. the clas lecturer, pre ented the followin o awards: -+ tificates, 2 medallion. 30 labels; long sen-ice gold label (20 to Mr. \tV ell , the Hon. Secretary. and gold medal (lj years) to J. N. Stephen on.

Southe r n.

:\Ir. E. A. Richard, S.R. Ambulance Centre Secretary. announces. that during the 1936-37 session 3,235 awards by of the Company, a e ot -+6 agalJ1 t thc 193J-36 fio-ure. This decrease I due to thc fact that many who obtain their are of .the opinion that they know all that there I _ t? know-whIch is far from the true fact. To be cffiClcnt constant practice and yearly examination are ary and 1\Ir. Richard hopes for increased numbers dUring the forthcoming e ion.

DrSTR1CT SmF:LD.-\Vith a "iC'\\' to stimula.ting inter-

est in the ambulance movement throuo·hout the South r11 Railway ir Herbert \Yalker. General lHanao-er) ha presented a very hand orne ' hield which i to be awarded annually to the di trict showing the greate t increase in proportion to the number of staff employed in the district. The basis to be used to enable a deci ion to be arrived at in this connection is to award: Certificate candidates, 5 points; voucher candidates, -1-; medallion candidates, 3; label candidates, 2; for eyery competing team, 10.

fo.rd class. fO.f many years and 11C will he greatly m1ssed III the dIstrICt.

His services to fi r st aid were recognised by the Order of t. John in 1924, when he was appointed an Esquir e and again in 1934) when he was promoted to thc rank o f Officer.

At the funeral, which took place on cptcmber 10th many members of the Guildford and urrotlndin o· cla s paid their last respects to his memory b

The "Clydebui It " Stretcher.

A newall-metal stretcher has recently been placed o n the market by Iessrs. Cockburn and Co. Ltd., of 13 0 Howard-street, Gla gow, C.1.

The conventional stretcher is liable to deteriorate throu gh prolonged storage; the canvas is ea ily soiled, and wh en soi.led is cleansed with difficulty. Further, it readily absor bs pOlson gases of the mustard type, and if thus contaminated becomes a source of grave danger.

T.he " tretcher (patent applied for), ho w.

IS deSigned to ob:'late these seriou defetts. Be in g entl.rely of ?'letal,. It can be stored in any dry pla ce for an Indefinite penod Without deterioration. Further be in rT non-absorbent i.t will not .be readily flUids or gases. Even If contaminated the decontaminati on would take but a minutes and the stretcher would a gain avadable. It IS therefore of great interest to those who will have to arrange local A. R. P. stores.

The" Clydebuilt)) Stretcher is soundly constructed of materials of great strength but yet is no heavier than tht' standard wooden stretcher. An ad \ an tage is the steel w ire bed, which makss it very much more comfortable for the patient.

Already the stretcher has bef'n introduced to the \\'ar Office, the Home Office, the London County Council and other authorities. Readers wishing to obtain further particulars should write to the manufacturers mentioni no" FIRST AID.))

A. R.P. Staff-Work for Rankers.

POINTS FROM O FF ICIAL P BLICATION. AND LECTURES

By E. E. HAMMER

J as orga n isat io n and contro l are necessa r y I n orde r that pub l ic services, t he Fire Br igade and th e Police, may function efficient ly in t i mes of st re ss so are they for proper value to be obtained fr c m the co - operati ve work of first aiders .

This was recognised and exemplified in the ex e llent tactical handling of the first aid personne l o n duty at the Coronation, when large numbe r s of me mbers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, m' ny of them strangers to London, were enabled to g ive good value in service based upon a splendid PI' -organisation, and with efficient command from c t ral and subordinate first aid control headq J

The Brigade, with other first aid bodies, is form ing part of the Nation's machinery for Air I , Id Precautions, and throughout the country its mt mbers are becomin cy trained, and are helping to tral n others, in the tech n ical detai Is of the rather sp c ial kind of first aid that the possibility of ch mical warfare in vol ves.

In towns and localities, Divisions of the B 'g- ade are as isting local municipal authorities t com plete thei r local schemes of protection and pI caution by making themselves responsib le for find ing and training personnel for two main first aid jobs-First Aid Parties and the staffing of r· irs t Aid Posts

AID 67

though we al l agree in hating the idea of war, st i II we are prepari ng a protective and precautiona r y se r v ice against the risks and dangers of war, i n the same way that we combine to take protective and precautionary steps against the r isks and dangers of other disaste r s we all deplore such as plague, or fire, or flood.

This being so, it is reasonable to suppose that many of us now serving as ordinary members of first aid organisations may, 111 the unhappy event of war, be called upon to act in a superio r capacity, privates or ambulance sisters becoming N.C.O s; N.C.O s becoming officers ; and junior officers senior officers overnight.

So let us run over just what official publications tell us about the administration and coordination of the first aid services in air raid precautionary schemes. First, let us be clear in our minds about what the various parts of the first aid services are and what they do.

1. FIRST AID PARTIES.

(a) Nwnbers

These parties, which the official No. 1 advises should be provided in centres of population at the ra te of 12 to 15 per 100,000 head, each consist of 4 men (There seems no reason why women, if robust enough, should not serve in firs-t aid parties.)

Th e number of points gained will be worked out on a pro r a ta to the number of men employed 111 each dlSt[]ct as recorded in the latest census available.

The district surrendering the Shield at the close of the year wj}] receive a Bronze Tablet for exhibition as a permanent record in exchange.

As President of the centre since its formation Sir Herbert's interest has unfailing and the progress of the centre has been the dIrect result of his keen interest and support. The gift of the shield is further evidence of his real desire to encourage first aid among the staff of all grades in the Service.

Although Sir Herbert's retirement as General Manag er necessitates his resignation as President of the centre his name. will for ever be associated with the work of ,. FIrst Ald to the Injured" on the Southern Railway.

The Redbridge Challenge Cup Competitions will be held at the Coliseum, Southampton, on ovember 13th next.

We much regret to announce the death of Dr. W. G Rogers on September 7th.

Dr. Rogers was lecturer and examiner of the Guild-

Binding Copies of FIRST AID .

K EE P y our Copies o f F I RST A I D clean and tidyhave them bound.

Send y our cop ie s for the las t Volume (Jul y 1936, to June, 193 7) and w e w ill r e turn sam e bound in an attracti ve cas e of le a t h e r cloth, wit h the title of the publication in g old l e tt e rs on th e front and side and th e eight pointed cros s o n fron t, for 6s., post free.

Complete Volumes can be s uppli e d at 9s ., post free.

Binding Cases only , 2s. 9d. post free. DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., L TD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C .4.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not , send us his address and we will post h im a copy.

This implies the necessity for organisation anJ control. For these to be efficient, thought rr s t be taken on matters of function, routine, C ,·o peration and tactical handling.

Official publications, notably Az'r Raid PreC(lu Nons 1I l emorandzt1n Nztmber 1, which deals \\ It h organ isation as apart from tech n ical detail (\.h ich is taught in A . R . P . Handbooks), discuss t he role, in an emergency, of First Aid Parties, First Aid Post, and Casualty Clearing and Bas e Hospita l s .

It may be thought that it is sufficient for the r.::ln k and fi l e, and for ju n ior office rs, to have a s ou nd kn o w le dge of t ech n ica l de tai I (ac tu a l first a id , the act u a l ste p s in the cl eans i ng of the pers on a fte r conta m i n at ion, t h e d econt a m in ation of m ater ia l, a n d so o n ) wi th o ut bothe ri ng abo ut wha t is r ea lly a k i nd of s t aff-w or k (the orga n isat ion, coo rd inatio n a nd c on tro l o f a ll t h e various parts o f t he first a id machin e r y w hi c h ca r e f or t he casu a lt y a nd see him s afe l y ho me o r to hos pita l. )

T h is i s r a t he r a s hort- s ig hted v ie w, f or a l-

It is recommended that, additionally a central rese?"'ve of parties, amou nting to 20 per cen t., or one fifth, of the number arrived at by the application of the" rate per population" scale, should be raised and trained and in action be at the disposal of whoever is in command of the town's first aid services. This means in fact that parties must be provided at the rate of 12 pI us .3 or 15 pI us .3 per 100,000 population; that is 15 or 18 parties per 100,000.

This total number of parties may be divided into shifts according to local conditions. It is not, so one gathers from lectures and publications, the i ntent ion that this scale of 12 or 15 pe r 100,000 should be regarded as one shift and have to be multiplied by three, for example, if three shifts are considered locally appropriate. This number is to be div£ded into shifts .

It is further taught that the reserve of parties shou l d be a reserve of part£es and not of individuals -i.e , tak i ng an i maginary town of 100,000 popul ation and having parties at 12 p er 100,000, i. e., fo r th e town, then the additional central reserve equiva l ent to 20 pe r cent. would be one-fifth of 12 parties =.3 parties, and not one-fifth of (12 x 4) me m b ers of pa r ties = 10 members or parties .

(b) Depots / Stat£on£nf{ of Part£es.

\ i\T i th th e excep t ion of the cent ral reserve, the fi r s t a id pa r tie s w ill be stationed in what are called

The beautiful new Shield presented by Sir Herbert Walker, K. C. B.

" First Aid Parties' Depots," which will be sited according to the p lan locally drawn up, in the manner most convenient for the tactical use of the parties. In this siting, such matters as ready summoninG, ease of access to places where their services are likely to be required, co-ordination with vehicle-depots and with first aid posts, will be considered.

In the case of county boroughs, with less densely populated rural or semi-rural areas surrounding them, the reserve may be used at the discretion of the officer in command to form mohile first aid parties to send to rural areas in the locality, if they should happen to incur casualties in excess of what their own, naturally less numerous, first aid personnel can deal with. This may happen if aircraft, beaten back by active defence measures, are scuttling for home, and drop their load of bombs to lose weight and increase speed or height for escape.

First Aid Parties' Depots should have accommodation for sleeping and for preparing food, as well as facilities for changing into protective clothing before a tour of duty, and for its proper removal according to routine drill, after a spell of action, with, of course, arrangements for the routine care of the eyes and washing of the whole body. One man at least, according to the number of parties allotted to each Depot) must act as u ndresser and be prepared to deal with minor injuries.

(c) In Action.

In action, the role of the First Aid Parties is to deal w£th casualties on the spot. They form a most important part of the first aid system, and their members must be thoroughly trained, of a high grade of intelligence and Capable both of rigid self control (in circumstances naturally tending to excitement and scurry) and of wise and unrattled discrimination.

If First Aid Parties fail in these respects, their failure is felt all through the first aic..l system. First Aid Organisers, have your best and soundest "old hands" in your First Aid Parties. Their job is highly responsible.

We have said that they deal with casualties on the spot. This im plies that on arrival at a scene of disaster they must first rapidly" appreciate the situation." They must spot the position and number of casualties; must form a decision as to which cases call for priority of attention (e.g., urgent hcemorrhage); must arrange their work, if necessary under the direction of a selected leader, so that their numbers are used economically and wisely; must make their diagnoses, and their decisions as to treatment, in each separate case; must carry out whatever treatment is decided on as being expedient in each case in view of the condition of the patient and of the surrounding circumstances; and finally (and very important this is)

must decide as to the disposal, whether hom e (perhaps with ad vice to see a doctor or attend at hospital later), to the First Aid Post, or direct to the Casualty Clearing Hospital.

The method of removal must be considered alone, walking supported, by hand carriage, by stretcher man-hanuled, by am bulance vehicle sitting or as a stretcher case.

The official A. R. P. Memorandum No. suggests that all cases which require urae nt surgical or med ical atten tion shou Id go d i to the Casualty Clearing Hospital by ambulanc e and first aid workers will of course not forget that cases suffering from the effects of lung-irrita nt gases, however slightly they may eem to bL affected, are to be spared all exertion, to be stretcher cases from the outset, and should go direct to the Casualty Clearing Ho pita!.

(d) Importance.

First Aid Parties may have to work in con junction with rescue parties, in which event intelli · gen t co-operation wi II hel pin many ways. (For example-in assessing priority of release; in ing attention to cases before and during relea se' and in helping to see that further injury is no t caused to cases during the process of release ).

They must work in conjunction with th e drivers (and possibly attendants) of ambula nc vehicles; with Air Raid \V ardens (who will be o f great assistance in the initial appreciation of th e situation and in other ways) and with the police Their observations during their" appreciation " and work may be of help to decontaminati o n squads. Their calmness and efficiency will hav e a moral effect on the general popu lation.

From this brief outline of the work of Firs t Aid Parties can be seen how important it is th a t members should be thoroughly sound men or women. Discrimination should be their watch word. Failure in discrimination will do tw o things; it will tend to disorganise the whole fir st aid system of the town; and it will seriously and adversely affect the prospects of their cases.

(To be continued.)

A garden fete and baby show, organised by the Ci ppenh am and Burnham Division, S.J .A. B., was held on Wednesday, September 8th. The programme inclu d ed sports, side-shows, comic football and ankle competition s for men and women.

SOCIAL EVENTS.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attracti ve y arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Flag Day and other activities. Samples will be sent on reque st.

FIRST AID

Our Nurses' Pages.

3 E

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE SISTER.

\'0. t DISTRICT, .J. .\. B. \fter a strenu()u-; -;prinK and wr.cn the lor )I1ation hroug-ht many extra duties, Di"isions in the are ag-ain beg-inIling- the autul11n season with a scr of cl.lsses for teaching- those subjects applo\'ed hy the 5t lohn :\mbulancc .\ssocialion.

\\'l' hm'e been notitiL'J of the : Firsl 1 id. - -To beg-in on Thursda), September 30Lh, a t b, p.m., ilt District IIeadtluarters, 1(), Briset-street, Ckrk en\\'cll, E. C.1. Pee for the Course, including- the ex a'11inrl.tion, 3 b. .\ppl) to District Onlcer ;\lis5 ;\[a5son, ()9, FellO WS-load, ,'.\\'.).

I'irst .1 itf. - -, \t Tornhee Ilall, Commercial-street, hl'fri nning Friday, bt, at " p 111. Fec', including th xaminatilHl, -' h. \ppl) to Lad) l\liss ISnlC'I, 2U. Vicarag-e-road, Ley ton, S. E.l0.

rust _I id. - Tl) hL held at t. r\:ler's 'hurch Hall, l 'ran k\ Gankns, S. \\-. I, beginning Octlll1Lr 20th. \pply to L' ILl) _ upl. \1 Iss 5, E",!1yn-ganlell-;, \\'. 7.

I list .1 itl. - .\t Technical 1 on epteJ1lber 2:-;lh. .\pplicati()Jlo.; to bl: Il1ndl' tl) Lad) .\l1lb. Olllcer E \ \ cent..;, 2 lJ BcaconsfiLld-roaci. \\'.5. (This \\ ill he foll \\ \.J h) a CllUrsl.' l1l1 Illll11e 0: !fOil/( .\ ,/!"Iim •. -.\t 1 ])istrict IIcacl<.jLnrter , 10, Br: et -<;lrut, ClclkeJl\\'lll, 1:.C.1, fr()Jl1 Tuesday, Octuber 12th, at I p.ll1. FLL" Lxall1ination , 36. :\prl) to L U) Districl OtlicL'r Cherry, at District HeadqU<lrL crs.

('(j oken'. Frol11 '-,aturJay, ' eptem bL'f 25th, at 2.30 p. 111., a' th e Ll'):tl)J1 Technical lolicgc. Fec for the Ct)urse, inL1 L'x<lmiJlatioll, 7 6. Textbook, obtainable nt the l -. .\pply ii11mediatel) to Lad) Supt. Miss ;\1 inot, 51 Lea Gridgc-J"ll;ld, Ley ton, E.l0.

Iir Raid PrecautloJls ·By Lady .\mh. Of1icer ;\li s l vcrt, at Sl. Perer'.., ission IIC'u e, -H udson-place, S. \V.1, bt II1 ning Frida), 'lptcmbcr 24th, at S.30 p.m, Fee 5 -. :\ npl ications to he sent to ;\1 fS. IIill, South Kensington H ote l, S.W.7.

E \ST ER AREA.

CIII 'GFOIW - ,\ new I\ursing Divisi un has just been formed at Ching-ford, to the memhers of whic h best wishes for success are extended. Its formation is du to the untiring efforts of Lady AJ.lb ulance Officer l\liss Embleton, of \V althamstow Nurs · in g Division, and to Dr. Theodore' Brookes, whose lectures to he new recruits were both interesting ar,d apprec iated.

,\liss Embleton now takes cha r ge of the new Division, an d Dr. Brookes becomes its lirst Di"isional Surgeon, 0 th at all should g-o well with the latest addition to the Ea<, tern Area. <

No . 2 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B. BOURNEMOUTli NURSlNG DIVISJON.-OfJicer and Ambula nc e Sisters from this and neighbouring Divisions have

again played their part during the holiday season in looking afler people who received cuts and minor injuries on the sand and in the garde n s Tbey were also called upon to administer first aid to a number of visitors overcome by heat and fatigue. Many cases of sunburn were treated at the ambulance huts at \\Test Beach, Boscombe and Durley Chine, while a l a r ge number of children, who had lost their pare11ls, were kept and comforted there until reclaimed.

During the August Bank Holiday week-end, there were 23 nurses on duty at the huts in addition to the ambulance men and cadets "vbo were on patrol. A total of 195 cases, mostly minor ones, were dealt with at the first aid stations on Bank Holiday alone, and about 50 in the Pleasure Gardens. Between the Saturday and Monday more than 50 children were temporarily cared for by the St. John .\mbulance workers.

o. 6 DISTRICT, S.J. A.. B.

Brigade members in Hull and distrist will have heard recentl\' with much atisfaction that Lady Corps Officer ;\1 rs. H. H. Haley bas been the insignia of Serving Sister of 1 he Order of St. John.

This recognition has come as the result of lengthy and efficient service to the Hull Corps, of which she has been a member since 1908. Four years after that, ;\1rs. Haley was enrolled as a V.A.D., so that she has completed 25 years' service in that body, and is now Commandant of V.A.D. 60. i\lrs. Haley became the first Lady Div. Supt. of Reckitts' Nursing Division, transferring to tbe latter from the Central Xursing Division. 1 ot only does she take keen interest in the work of the Brigade, assisting at classes held in Hull, hut she also instructs members of the Girls' Life Brigade, and of the Girls' Friendly Society.

0/0. 9 DISTRICT, .].A.B.

PARKSTONE NCRSING DI\ ISION.-A garden fete in aid of Divisional Funds was held on Wednesday, A.ugust 18th, in the grounds of \Vykeham Lodge, Canford Cliffs (kindly lent by Lady Supt. ;\lrs. Boyle).

The chair was taken by County Officer Dr. Bowes, who said that the women who obtained first aid and home nursing certificates put the skill which they had acquired to public use. It was not at aH unusual to receive letters of appreciation from members of the public, and letters of commendation from doctors, which all emphasised that their work was essentia lly a public one. r ot one of the men and women in the Brigade received any fee whatsoever for \\ llat they did.

He paid tribute to 1\1rs. Boyle's kindness and remarked that they were Jortunate in having Lady Lyle to give the function a send-off, They aH knew the many deserving public works with which she associated herself, and they were grateful for her coming to the assistance of the Brigade.

In declaring the fete open, Lady Lyle said that the St. John Ambulance Brigade had such a splendid record for voluntary work that it was a real happiness to her to do

something for them. They were always helping other people.

A bouquet was presented Lo Lady Lyle by Nursing Cadet G. Hen on, and votes of thanks were accorded her on the motions of Corps Surgeon B. Price and Dr. Laura Horne.

1\1r. Billy Bennett, the well-known comedian, yery kindly took part in the programme. His interest in the Nursing- Division \\'as gained by Irs. Fred Carno, a member of the Division.

Stalls, side shows and competitions, as well as a " fishpond," sports for children, a conjuror and a cartoonist, charmed money from " illing visitors, and a happy time \yas spent by all.

:'Iembers of the County of London branch of the British Red Cross Society have again been busy in the hop fields. They have equipped and staffed 14 dispensaries for the pickers in the Tonbridge and Iaidstone areas of Kent, where they ha\'e done much good work.

B. R. C. S. IN l\loRA Y.

The Annual General leeting of the branch of the B. R. C. S. was presided over by the Countess of lora}'. County Director Capt. R. H. White reported that Red Cross work in the county still continued to make progress. In Moray No.2 Detachment classes in first aid and team work had been conducted by Dr. Annie McLeod, Medical Officer of the Detachment, and 30 qualified at the subsequent examination. Commandant Miss E. Wharton Duff and AntiGas Officer Miss Anderson had given instruction in first aid in chemical welfare, and 31 members now held certificates in that subjeCt.

Miss Duff ,-,'as warmly congratulated by Capt. White and the Countess of Moray on having completed 25 years' service in the British Red Cross Society.

The financial statement showed a balance in hand of £344 18s. Od.

DUTY WITH THE TERRITORIALS.

For the first time, Buckinghamshire Red Cross Detachments have had the great privilege of undertaking duty at a Territorial Camp.

A few months ago they were asked to staff the Camp Reception Hospital at Dibgate, near Shorncliffe, for two weeks, August 1st to 15th.

The duty was divided into two periods, each lasting a week, and the staff for each consisted of one trained nurse, and six V.A.D. officers and members, who slept under canvas. The periods of duty were so arranged that each member took her turn in the hospital tent, on fatig-ues, and off duty.

The Camp Reception Hospital consisted of a hospital tent with six beds. There were not many bed cases, and any serious ones were transferred to Shorncliffe. The work dealt mostly \vith "out-oatients," and the staff were kept busy with these cases which ranged from sunstroke, dog bites, blistered feet, sunburn, wasp stings, burns, cuts, scalds, dislocations, synovitis, kicks from horses, abscesses, boils, concussion, phlebitis, to one or two fractures.

During the first week 166 patients were treated, and during the second 176 new ones. :'Iany of these required more than one dressing a day. The work proved most excellent from the point of view of experience for the V, A. D's., who learned to cope with a rush of patients for dressings under camp conditions.

All who went are most anxious to be allowed to undertake similar duty next year, and are loud in their praises of

the Kindly reception they received from the London Division al Territorial Army who were in camp at the lime.

Items, Divisional news and competitions, social, interest_ ing duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cann on_ street, London, E.C.4.

Com ing Events

.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 for th" coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading

EPTEMBER.

25.-Ffaldall Institute and Gan\-' Division (Priory for\\' ale5) Annual Competitions.

25 & 26. -All-England A. R. P. Course, S. J. A. B., Gt. Cen tral Hotel, London.

26.-Church Parade, Catholic members, S.J.A.B., Chur ch of S.S. Peter and Edward, We tminstE:r.

26.-Conference of Brigade Surgeons within the Pri ory for Wales, Cardiff.

OCTOBER.

2.-7th Annual" Carver" Cup Competition, Hull.

4.-Thurcroft A£lnual Competitions.

7. -l\Ieeting of Welsh ational Road Tran porL Ambula nce Competition Committee at Priory House, Cardiff.

7 to 9.-National "Safety First" Cong-res, Park L ane Hotel, London.

8.-Hospitallers' Club l\Ieeting, Bonnington Hotel, Lond on.

12.-Annual Social, Western Area, No.1 (Prince of \Val es'5) District, S.J.A.B., Caxton Hall , \Vestminster.

16. -A nnual Conference District and County urge ons, S.].A.B., Chapter Hall, St. John'S Gate, London.

16.-0pening of Harrow Ambulance and Nursing Division' s New Headquarters.

16 & 17.-S.].A.B. Surgeons' Week-end Course, Chap ter Hall, St. John's Gate, London.

19.-Priory Ball at City Hall, Cardiff, to be attended by T. R.H. the Duke and Duchess of Kent.

20.-Investiture by H.R.H. the Duke of Kent, Prior of the Priory for Wales, at General Assembly. Presentation of Standard to Brigade in Wales by H. R. H. the Duchess of Kent, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for Wales.

23.-Hospitallers' Club Annual Dance, Cora Hotel, Lond on.

28.-Annual Dinner, 10 114 (London Trams) Divisi on, S.]. A. B., Feathers Hotel, Westm inister.

30. -East Ham and Inter-District Ambulance Competiti on.

30.-Nantymoel Division, S.].A.B. first annual open competition.

30 & 31.-All-England A.R.P. Course, S.J.A.B., Great Central Hotel, London. NOVEMBER.

8-13. - British Red Cross Society Officers' Trainin g Week.

13. - Annual Competition, Redbridge Centre, Souther n Railway, Southampton.

FIRST

Deta iled Marking Sheet, No. 5 0. TEAi\1 TEST.

CARD OF INSTRUCTIONS. - As you are passing a house whi ch abuts on the street, your attention is accidentally dir ecte d to the parlour , You note that a man is standing on a pair of steps and that he is busily engaged in cleaning a win uo \ov. uddenly you see the step g-ive way and the man fall to the' ground, lriking his face on a bucket. Act as you see lit.

OTES ["OR JUDGE. -A rrange scene as house with front do or an d sitting room with window and door. Place broken step, below window and telephone where it is not easily seen.

Am llRe for ambulance.

Pai nt patients right check with red ink and splash red ink on piece of paper laid on floor of sitting room. Strap cork round middle of patienl's

hl\ IJIATE ,\LIlO T

DETAILS OF TEs ].

f.. of approach to man in house

,hI If window ha been broken (no)

T al t with relati\ es on entry to house

Pr o llp tly note bleeding from right cheek

;\ 5k co lour (bngM red) ; if spurting Clfes)

Dig- it al pres ure on facial arteries

:\ k if bleeding controlled (il pressure l"orrecl)

Decide doctor and ambulance required where doctor (I mile); hospital (/ 1I11le)

If le rhonc a\'ailable in hou e (yes) bear r to t I phone for doctor (oul)

:\( fo r ambulance al ho pital (s lIlz·71ulo.)

E ''\ flO' OF P ,\'J lENT.

Pr oc ed wilh examination of wound

.\k cha racter (hu:Jsed); if ob\'iouly dirty ()'t's)

If f re ign bodie (no); if fracture below (no)

Tl if consc ious bj peech and touch (doub{ful)

'1, Jt at pat icnl ; ask if rou ed (J1es)

t\ co lour of face (pale); breathing (shallow)

Tl pulse at wri t (weak) ; skin (cold)

1\ (1 e pupils (equal); test if they r act to light (J1es)

Ell (Ic ncy of method of examination of , chest, spine, p Ivi and limbs

Di O\'e r shortening of right lower limb

1\ 0 no hrernorrha'ge or dampness of trousers

Lonte swelling at mid point of femur

'IV 1 well marked irregu larity of bone

As: if any change noted in patient (no)

T RI' \lI\lENT OF PA TIEN r.

Kl p patient flat; loosen clothes freely

Co,e r warmly; detail bearer hold right fool

W u nd oj lace.

As. if any sterile water available (no)

Iodm e to fingers, wound and skin around

\ lIow it to dry; apply clean dry dressing pad; control with narrow bandage

1'\ ow relax direct pressure on arteries ..

As k if hcemorrhage controlled (1/ dressing" coned)

Fracture offe17l1tr.

Kee ping steady traction on ankle and foot

Gent ly draw foot down into line with fellow tie the feet firmly with bandage

I ass under patient in this order

Ch es t, Just below armpits; pelvis, at hips

Bot h anldes covering the first bandage ...

Bo th thighs; above and below the fracture

INVALUABLE TO =AIDEQS

In spite of its name" The Family Physician" is a book which will be found invaluable by all connected with First Aid or Am bulance work.

The Editor, Douglas Hay Scott, M.B., Ch.B., is a lecturer in First-Aid, Hygiene, Home Nursing, Anatomy and advanced Physiology at Morley College, Lo.)don, and First-Aid Commandant, Surrey Cadet Brigade. Formerly he was County Director, British Red Cross Society, City of Dundee, and Lecturer and Examiner in First Aid and Home Nursing, St. Andrews Ambulance Association. He has taken great care in compiling this work and has been assisted by other weIlknown medical men to ensure that the information given is absolutely authoritative.

SOME OF THE SUBJECTS .

First Aid-Home Nursing-Hygiene-Drugs

-The Giving of Medicines-Electricity and l\ledicine-Anatomy and Physiology-Physical Culture --General Diseases-Infectious Diseases-Diseases of the Heart, Blood, Digestive System, Urinary System, Respiratory System, Eye and Ear, Skin, Nervous System, Ductless Glands- Vitamin-Deficiency Diseases - Diseases due to Impaired l\letabolism-Diseases of the Bone-Diseases of the Joi n ts, etc., etc.

FaRST AID .

The section on First Aid constitutes a complete manual of "First Aid" work. The chapters on " Fractures," '( Dislocations and Sprains," and " Bandaging and Slings," have been written by one of the foremost medical authorities on the subject, and are profusely illustrated with X-Ray and other photographs and diagrams.

AN OPINION.

Mr. A. Squires, Melton Street, Nottingham, writes :-

II The Family Physician' is a work needed in Ambulance Divisions. I find none to compare with it, and I have recommended your book to all our men interested in FirstAid work I cannot obtain anything like it for the price chargeJ. "

SEND F OR PA R TICULARS.

To The C axt on Publishing Co Lt d., 46 C lun House Surrey Stree t, London W . C.2 Please send me, free of charge, full particulars of The Family Physician."

Nanle

Send this form in unsealed {:m'elope stamp) or a postcard.

Address , , U.3

AID

Ait' Ra id Pr'e caution s.

By \ VilI. C BENTALL, O.H.E., F.R. ·.S L.R.C.I'. ( 1. R. P. Slaj! Officer 10 IIii' C/z/e.f COllllll/ssz"oner, .) 1 1. B. ).

IN the August issue of FIR'T AID many helpfu l references were made to the forthcoming work in relation to Air Raid Precautions, together wit h the reflex hel p to the general work of the Brigad e. These are all vitally importallt, and a we approac h the coming winter the rapid development of thl A.R.P. work is a sign of it vitality and grO\\t h.

Letters to the Edito r.

We

the statements made, by Correspondents. -EDITOR.

TOO 1ANY I\1 EDALS.

DEAR SIR,I have been reading" Veteran's» letter with regard to medals and awards. Certainly there is something to be said for his point of view, but awards are things we cannot do without. To my mind a far more insidious thing often occurs in speeches at different social gatherings. \Ve in the Fylde Area get too much of it anyway. Our own office rs are always pointing out what a self-sacrificing body of people we are "spending our time and mon e y without return.» Speaking' for myself, I get plenty out of first aid by the knowledge that I am following the road the old Crusaders trod before me. If Colonel Trimble can spend S3 years in the movement and at the age of 86 still carryon, so can I. The people who should receive awards are the wiv e s and lady friends of first aiders who lend their menfolk to the movement and also assist to raise funds.

Yours, faithfully, " IDEALIST »

A RECO R D?

DEAR SIR,-

May I suggest this beats" A Record?" a appeared in the August issue.

Father, Divisional Superintendent, re-examined 19 times. Mother, Nursing Sister, re-examined S times. Daughter, Lady Di\·isional Superintendent, re-examined 7 times. Four sons, with 8 (a sergeant), 6, 2, and 2 re-examinations res pecti vel y.

In addition, 2 sons with preliminary fir:;t aid, one ha\ ' ing 6 re-examinations and th e other 3 to their credit.

Yours faithfully, T. R. DAV1ES.

Whe n yo u w r ite to any o f our Adve rtise rs kindl y m e n t ion FIRST AID It does n't co st y ou an y th ing a nd it pleases t he Adver tis ers and Us

In our first winter, after the Home Off1ce asked us for Oll r hel P, the Chief Com m is ion er wisely ordained that we '3hould train and dcvel o[) an efficien t staff of instructors. These, no\\ for some time in the category of Grade 1, have be en officially recognised by the IIome OrAce, as in dicated by the following extract from the H ornr Office note of July 10th, 1937.

"Recognition IS also gi\ en, ct '> indicated below, to Grade I Instructor of the ' t. J ohn Ambulance Brigade and the l3ritish Red Cr oss Society. The Secretary of tate is glad to an nounce that the St. John m bulance Bri gade and the British Red Cross Society have agreed to extend their examinations for instructors to p ersons other than their members, and to award to those who attain the require I standard a certificate as 'Grade 1 (External) Instructor.' These Instructors will be recognised by the IIome Offic e as equivalent to the ordinary Grade I instructors.'

During the second winter we concentrated on tbe training of our own personnel, of whom v e")' large n urn bers not 011 1Y attended courses bu t h ave taken thei r exam inations and hoi I thei r certi f1cat es, which enables them to be available for use by the Councils in air raid precautionary work in th eir own areas.

\Ve are now approachi ng our third wint er, and our great \vork this year will be assisting t he official Councils all over the country, both in municipal and rural areas in the training of t he general public.

We already have in press a new Briga de Order in relation to these further development s, and it is most important that when this Order is circulated to all our officers that they should stu dy it very carefully, and pass on its information to the rank and file of their Divisions. Failure to d o this leads to much misunderstanding and many of the questions that come up to Headquarters sho\\ that Orders which have been circulated previous! ) have not been carefully studied or understood Every officer in the Brigade from Comm issioner s to Divisional Superintendants will rece ive a cop y

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SMAE INSTITUTE LEATHERHEAD

FIRST

of this Order at an early date, and it is only possible to overtake the rapidly increasing organisation of th is work if these instructions are carefully studied and carried out.

In many areas throughout the country, A.R.P. Co-ordinating Officers are being appointed by Councils to supervise and correlate the various activities, and it is up to us in every possible way to render all the help which our specialised knO\vledge makes possible to these respective officers in our own areas.

Devoll V.A.O. Becoilles Air-Minded.

In connection ,,,ieh D e \' on Air Dayan interesting feature was the demonstration of air am bulance transport of " patients" from the air port a t Plymouth to the air port al Haldon, and from the latter port to the air port at Exeter.

Under arrangements made by the County Controller of Oe\'on Voluntary Aid Detachments, Brig.-General \V. F. S. Edwards, C.B., C.l\I.G., D.S.O., D.E., V.A.D. Personnel at Plymouth, Teignmouth, and Exeter were called into service at their respective air ports, the members of the Order of St. John and those of the B R. C. S. working together as one body, viz., De\ on Voluntary Aid Organisation wbich number 1, 9 39 members in its personnel.

The "J\1onospar" Aero-Ambulance, which \.\ as used, was equipped with all necessary appliances, including an oxygen apparatus and blood transfu ion equipment, and transported a " patient" who was suffering from empyema from Plymouth to Haldon in 15 minutes, and a " patient" suffering with a brain abscess from Haldon to Exeter in 10 minutes,

At Exeter the " l\lonospar" w a s loaded with a woman " patient" suffe ring with the results of a riding ac c ident causing a fracture of the skull which called for immediate transport to London for opereration b y a surgeon friend of hers,

In each case arrangements were made whereby St. John and Red Cross workers had their" patient" in readiness by road ambulance for the arrival of the" Monospar" so that there was no delay.

E verything worked smoothly and those who took part in thi s first attempt at co-operative effort in connection with air transport for the sick and / or wounded in the county, felt they had gained very useful experience.

The main advantages of aerial transport are: speed, comfon, safety, and the ability to tra verse country which, owing to the rough ground, would otherwise be practically impassable. All these factors assist in preventing shock.

The safety and value of air medical transport should be realised by all who are interested in the evacuation of the sick and / or wounded from either the firing line or other dangerou s areas to comparative safety at the base or more inland.

The" Aero-Ambulance was supplied by the General Aircraft Ltd.

Every penny spent on advertising creates prestige, standing and reputation for the firm that spends it. It may net be discernable in immediate results, but the effect is certain and the power cumulative.

Colliery Ambulance News.

CAl NO K i\ND LEACROFT COLLIERY.

TilE annual competition, promoted by the Ambulan ce ociety of the above, were held on Augu t 21 t, when fi \'e tea m S en tered.

The judges were Dr. D. T. fcAinsh and l\lr, J. Payton ( upt. Hednesford, Mine Rescue Station), assist ed by M ssrs. Archer and S, Davis. The results were : _ Team. - 1st and" LongstafT" Camp, 1 o. 5 team with 175 marks; 2nd, No.1 team, 148; 3rd, No 3 team, 14 2. The members of the winning team and runners-up re cei vea watches.

Individual.-1st, H. SafThill, ; 2nd, H. Within g t on, 89 ; 3rd, E. Manning,S.

Cases of cutlery, provided by the management, were presented to members of the Colliery !\tines Rescue T eam, and their instructor, 1\lr. \V. Beeston. to commemorat e the winning of the Cannod;;: Chase Coalowners' Rescue Cu p for the second year in succession.

KENT COAL o,y ERS' ,\ OCIATIO

On Saturday, Augu t 21 t, the annual competition for the Challenge Shield was held at the Eh ington Coullcil Schools.

Dr. D. L. Hamilton, of Dover, judg-ed the te ;tl11 te t and Dr. Da\'ies, of Deal, the individual practical.

Chislet Colliery with 95 mark out of a po ibl e HO, obtained first pla ce follO\.y d by Betteshanger Collier y (9-l), Snowden Colliery (92) and Tilmanstone Colliery, la year's winners (91). 1embers of the winning team are mem bers of the Thanington Division of the S.JA.B. fr. L. . Watts ( ecretary to the \ sociation) , prl'sen ted the Shield and also gold medals to the memb e r s of the winning team.

Both judges said that the high percentage of m arks clearly showed the high state of efficiency maintained by tile ambulance men throughout the Kent Collieries.

The competing teams and their friends were entertained to tea by the Tilmanstone Division of the .J .A. B. .--.----

FouND.-Bronze Medallion o. 52311. Owner can obtain same from Mr. A. Spink, 33, Hawkswood-cre scent, Leeds, 9.

A summer dance was held on Monday, August 1 6th in aid of the 'Whitehill and District S.J.A. B. funds. l nfortunately, the weather was not of its best.

The Royal Arsenal Division, S.J .A. B., held a fun- faIr on Plumstead Common, on Saturday, August 21st, in aid of divisional funds. Supt. C. Hallock was in charge.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secreta r ies and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to t he Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St •• London E.C

" Will it smart?"

NO,

iL won't smart. Not if it's Sphagnol peat ointment. For Sphagnol is soothing and coo ling from the very fi rst touch. Th e secret is the antiseptic peat di sti llate w hich you only find in Sphag-nol. Always ca rr y a tin with you when you're on duty. Of all dressings Sphagnol is kindest to the skin Sphagnol costs 1/ 3 and (extra SIz e tin) 2/-.

Spha9nol

P eat Products (Sphagnol) Ltd., Dept. F. 7., 21, Bush Lane, London, E.C.4.

PortITlan Printing Service (P,op,/etor

Quer ies and Ansvvers to C o rre spondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :i.-Letters containing Queries must be markt-d on the top left-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon " cut from tbe current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this col umn, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.].A.A. lanual of First Aid.

ACTION WITn SE\,ERED FEMORAL ARTERY

B. D. (Enfield).-A short time ago there occurre? a m!les from here an accident in which a man received IOJunes, including a seyered Femoral Artery. An ambulance (not a St. John) was sent for. By the ti.me it arrived the patient had lost a lot of blood and was 10 a bad state. The ambulance men said that they could not remoye the patient as he had not been seen by a doctor, and that they could not accept any responsibility should the patient die in the ambulance. Now our Textbook says "Send for a doctor," but su pposing a doctor cannot be obtained, have Brigade men the power to a patient to hospital or elsewhere on his own responsibilIty. This is the question which has come up for debate; and we should be grateful for your advice.

Mem bers of the Brigade are expected to do thei; utmost for their patients; and if in such a case the services of a doctor cannot be obtained quickly at the scene of the emergency, they would be fully justified in the patient to hospital. Indeed, the records of the Bngade show t?at this has often been done, the severed femoral artery belOg controlled during treatment and transport by digital pressure. -N. C. F.

AID

TREATMENT OF FRACTlTRED ARM AT ELBO\\,.

S. E. (Westc1ifT). - In the treatment of Fractured Arm involving the elbow, lhe Textbook tells us to secure the angular splint" by bandages round t.he a.rm, the forearm and the wrist." Please tell me If thiS means lh at we are to us e three bandages or only two, the lower being applied in llgure-of-eight fashion as in the case of a Fractured Forearm.

Three bandages are to be used, becau e, as you rightl) say, the Textbook instruct you to apply them round th e arm, the forearm, and the wrist. On the other hand, th e instruction for the lo\ver bandage used for Fractured l'orearm reads "as a figure-of-eight round the wrist and hand. -N.C.F.

TIlE QUALlFl A rlONS 01 .\ FII{ST i\II)EH.

B.l\1. (Cardiff).-Herewith a story which could be Lo illustrate some of the lessons taught in Chapter 1 of th e Textbook :-

., A platelayer, who was also a first aider, had a neighbour whose hens were a terrible nuisance to hi m They got amongst his vegetables and played havoc wi th the seedling. Expo tulations were of no u e, and t he owner of the fowls refu ed to put up netting. Then the long suffering platelayer a few eggs and sent them to his neighbour, with an intimation that they had been found on his allotment, and no doubt the trespassing bens had laid them there. He carried it on for a day or Lwo, and by the end of the week he foun d a good wire fence being put up."

For your amusing story accept our best thanks.-N. C. F.

BED FOR OPERATION ASE.

c. P. (Lewisham).-The Nursing Textbook (p. tell s to prepare the bed for reception of an operatLOn cas e 111 the usual way. This means witl-> two piIlows. Pl ease tell me if the two pillows are really to be placed on bed or one or none for lhe time being with opera tion cases.

The bed should be made "in the usual way" with two pillows, one or both of these being remO\'ed-accordim., to the exigencies of the case - when the top bed-clothes are lifted off for the reception of the patient. C. F.

Price 1/2 Post Free.

Po cket "First Aid" Ready Reference.

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EXAMINATION HOWLER.

G.c. (Surbiton) .-In a recent examination a candidate, asked for the treatment of a person struck by lightning, gave the correct answer and then added as an afterthought-" or course, I should ji1'st turn ojJ the current."

Good! Next, please!! Incidentally, have you perchance been looking at old copies of FIRST AID ? If so, you will find this Howler in the October, 1923, issue !-N. C. F.

TRANSPO RT IN CASE OF FRACTURED RIBS.

C. P. (Lewisham).-Recently a dis c.ussio n arose as to ho",:" a patient suffering from ComplIcated Fractur:s ot should be lifted on to the stretcher. Your klOd ruling will be appreciated.

The stretcher is loaded in the ordinary way except that it is first prepared with a blanket folded lengthwise three or four times, on which patient is placed with his body inclined to the injured side.-N. C. F.

CHANGING OF LOWER SlIEET.

C. P. (Lewisham). - With reference to the in structions of .the Nursing Textbook (p. p. 63 and 64) chan glOg of lower sheet as in ., B " when patient is unable to be moved I note that no mention is made (as in ot her methods of changing sheets) to remove top first. May I ask if this is not to be done iO t hiS method? If not, why not? It seems to me as essential to take off some of the top bed-clothes iO VI ew of the fact that the nurses have to keep raisin g t he patient and would therefore have more weight with t he top bed-clothes still on, more so for this one than the othe r s. Your kind ruling would be welcomed.

There appears little to be gained by removing the to p bed-clothes (a light blanket and a light counterpane) changing the undersheet of a patient who may not be turne t on to his side. The added weight referred to IS not a matter in raising parts of the patient's body succeSSive \ and the process, carried out in accordance with the Tex tboo {

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CAl S \TION OF AIR HUNGER.

\\'. P. (Tam vorth).-ln a recent competition I was asked to explain the reason why a patient may suffer from a ir hunger as the result of internal hcemo rr hage. 1 am wondering if you will be good enough to explain th is point, because there were no details in the mark i ng sheet.

Air hunger might also be described as " oxygen starvation." It is not confined to cases of internal bleeding and Occurs when there is a serious loss of blood, whether externally (and seen) or internally (and concealed). I t resu lts from loss of fluid and especially of the red blood corpuscles, consequent on which the latter cannot carryon their f u nction of absorbing oxygen from the small air cells of the l u ng.N.C.F.

A STUDENT'S ERROR.

K.N. (Southlands).-At a recent ambulance class one of our members was asked to state how many nervous systems he kne"w and also to name them. In all seriousness he replied :-" Two-tlte sympathetic a1:d the automatic!" How is this answer for inclusion under "Humo u r in First Aid"? Please do not publish my name and address.

The modern name of the sympathetic system is autonomic which is practically synonymous with automatic So which of you stands convicted of "A Student's Error"?

Your final request was opportune! !-N. C. F.

HUMOUR lN FIRST AID.

D. S. London). - One of the recrUIts attendi n g a first aId class brought with him a press cutting in which it was stated that some choir boys had had their voices broken. Having read the cutting to his special pa ls, he enquired what was the correct name of such a fractu r e Like a shot from a gun came the reply from the wit of the Division-" A Community Fracture!" T his satisfied the recruit who was pleased to a d d to his meag r e store of first aid knowledge

Good! Next, please 1 !-N C. F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED ARM, INVOLVING ELBOW

G C. (Surbiton ).-When applying bandages to fix an angular splint into position, the swelling being o n the outer side of the injured elbow, sho u ld we tie the k n ots on the splint or on the front of the a r m?

According to the Textbook they sh0 uld be tie d on the splint; but this would giye the doctor mo r e t r o u b le when taking over and seems to ten d to make unnecessa r y movement of the limb

The Textbook does not teach that knots m u st i n vari a bl y be tied on the splint. For instance, with Cr u she d H a nd it gives instructions to tie off bandage on the back of t h e lowe r end of the forearm. With a Fractured Arm in vo l v in g the elbow joint, with the greater swelling on o u te r si d e, h e r efore, the knots must be tied off on the oute r side of t h e limb ,

AID

i n which position (as yo u r ightly s u ggest) they can be untied easi ly and witho u t u ndue manip ul at io n when the doctor ta k es c h a r ge of t h e patient. Lt is goo d first aid to consider t h e convenience and comfort of both patient and doctor.

N.C F.

PROFUSE BLEEDING W ITII SEVERED LIMB.

H. B. (Ne\\'cast le, ew South Wales).-At a recent meetin<r of Honorary Instructors we discus ed the treatment of man who, as a result of accident, had had a limb severed and "who wa conscio u s tho u gh suffering from se\ ere shock, and though hremorrhage had been completely controlled.

Some memb rs stated that th y would give stimulants by way of mouth, such as sal volatile, tea, coffee, and that they would hold smelling saIls to patient's nostrils. Others stated that they would not give stimulants by wa}' of mouth because these would accelerat e the heart's action and do more harm than good and that they would assist patient by keeping him recumben t, b\ loosening his clothing at neck, chest and wai st, b) wrapping him warmly in blankets. 1 n this wa;, th e latter claimed that they would best assist the heart to overcome the shock caused by the accident.

In view of our failure to agree, your opinion on the matter will be greatly appreciated.

From the point of view of the Textbook, it is that you should treat such a patient on the lin s laid d o\\ il o n p. 122 under "H;-(,l11orri1age from I nterna] Orga n" Al though this treatment is labelled as specially against the effects of severe concealed amI shock, it applies equally well to the effects of e\'ere exte rnal hccmorrhage and shock, becau e, after all i said, the of hremorrhage-concealed or external-show th msel\'t as soon as the blood escapes from the \'essel whi c h norm ally contain it. Perhaps I should add that personally I do not like the instruction in such cases to apply smelling salh to the nostrils, although the risks associated with this form c-f indirect stimulation are minimised becauc;e the hrcJl10rrh age has been" completely controlled." In hOrl, the pract ic,ll point is that badly shocked patients hould he kept as qUiL't and as undisturbed as is possible. N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF INFA TILE CON\ l LSIO 's.

G.c. (Surbiton). - I recently read that a hot bath, with an ice pack applied to the head, is the best treatm ent when children have convulsions while waiting- for the doctor; and that children are often scalded, conseq utnt on the water being too hot, d u ring the excitement wh ich prevails on such occasions. If sucIJ be the case, what p r ecautions should be taken?

T est the heat of the water with your bared elbow if you d o not possess a bath thermometer and so cannot accurately prepa r e" a warm bath slightly above the temperature of the body." (T extbook p 167).-N C.F.

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Journal for Ambulance nub

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI P 5T AID s published on the 20th of each month. The An al Subscription is 3'5. 6d. post free; :ingle copies 3d.

Its aim an d object being the advancement of Ambulance ·Work in all its branches, the Editor invites l'eaders to send Articles and Repor ts on subjects pertaining to the Movemen t and also welcomes for Pr act ical Papers.

All c c., sho uld lJe add re sse d to the Editor at the addres s belo w , and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and m u be accompan ied (110/ ne cessar i ly Jar p u blicatioll) by the na me and addr ess o f the Correspondent.

S ubsc rip l ions, \.c1v erti emenls and othe r business Communic ltions connec ted with 1 1 RST AI D should be forwarded to th e Pu b lishers. D \LE, l'E)"l OLDS Co., LT D.,

Tell rath it- o }d.1rcss - " TW<lill'-jour, L Olldon " 'l'tltphO ll t' - Cit)' 3710.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

E DI ro RI,\L :-

•\nnua l R epo r t l)f tilL' ] .:\.B. 0 1

St rll hn \ll1bulan ce \ ssoc iatio l1. 82

Extrac ts from the l\ l anual of In s tru ct ion for the Po)a l 'a \nl ie k Berth talT 83

\ .13. H eadqua rter a nd Di Lri cL XS

\. 13. O\'crseas 90

Pr '('j' for\Vales 9 1

Ral \' a) Ambulance :\ e \\" ' 93

Cp a -date First \id 96

Ou ,' urscs' Pages 100

COl ing E\'c nts 102

Q (JER IES AND \.NS\\ 'E RS TO CORRESPONOE TS :-

l' hall k to the Do cto r 10-+

Vaga ri es of C o mp e tition 10-+

';: xa mination IIo\\'Ier 10-+

Lengt h of Spinal Cord 10-+

T reatment of \Vounds of Fingers 10-+

H umour in First Aid 10-+

f r eat ment of Camphor Poisoning 10-+

Onse of Compression of Brain 10-+

Ilcc l110rrhage from Internal Organ 106

,\.sp hyxia with Arterial Bleeding 106

Trea tment of Fractured Patella 106

Desc rip tion of Arti ficial Re spirat ion 106

Tre atment by Proxy 106

EDITORIAL.

GREAT increases in divisions ANNeAL REPOR T and person nel is gi ven in the OF THE S.J.A.B. annual report of the S.J.A.B. O\ ER EAS. Overseas for the year ended December 31st, 1936.

Divisions now total 612 (416 ambulances, 196 nursing), an increase of 47, whilst person nel, excluding Cadets, has reached the splendid figure of 16,510, an increase of 1,006 (actually 6 per ce nt.) over 1935. Of these 1::?,270 are men and 4,240 nurses.

The Cadet Branch is also increasing in size and strength, and at the end of last year thei r numbers were 181 divisions (99 ambulance, 82 nursing), an increase of 3-+; and 3,369 personnel (1,8+8 boys, 1,521 girls), an increase of 385

\\1 hen one considers the man r hand icaps which beset would-be first aiders in other countries (distance, roads, etc.), these increases are all the more splendid. In one case we heard of a man who travelled 25 miles each way every class night-a sure sign of the enthusiasm which is to be found in some parts of the British Empire Overseas.

Members Overseas during 1936 were awarded 230 Service Iedals and 126 Service Medal Bars , whilst other awards included 15 Grand Prior's Cadet Badges, 5+1 Service Chevrons to adult members, 1,016 efficiency awards to Cadets, and also 206 proficiency badges.

The report also includes a sum marised account of Colonel J. L. Sleeman's Visitations of the Establishments of the Order in South Africa and New Zealand, and inspection of Units of the Brigade in Australia, Ceylon and Ialta. \Vhilst carrying (Jut these duties, Colonel Sleeman travelled 51,601 miles, attended 988 varied duties , 26 Investitures, 20-+ Inspections, 130 l\Iayoral and Civic Receptions, 162 public functions, made 363

speeches and addresses, 16 Broadcasts, and attended 37 Conferences.

Also included in the report are those from (he various Dominions, and in each case it is pleasing to read of increased activity and personnel. A.R.P. work is among the numerous subjects taught, and good progress is being made 111 this direction.

St. John Ambulance Association

B ARROW-I '-F CRNEss. - Lieut.-Col. \\'. F. A. \ iVadham, \'.D. D.L., B.P., pr es ided at the annual meeting of the Centre su p ported by 1\1r. \V. Jac o bs (hon. secretary) and :\1r. \\T. Killing-beck (hon. treasurer).

Pr o gress in every direction and a creditable financial po s ition was r e ported A total of 137 awards had aained during the )ear, an increase of 10 on the prenous fi gur e s; the g rand total since the inception of the Centre bein g 4,854.

lr. Jacobs, who presented these figures, extended t hanks t o t he d octors who had helped the classes, and also to all who had assisted in any way.

Col. vVadham stressed the importance of first aid when he congratulated the Centre upon the number of members who had passed the examination, and hoped for a further increase next year.

He thought it was absolutely essential for people to study what the Association taught-an to first aid to the injured. He would not be sorry 1£ legIslatIon introduced compeling every motorist to carry a first aId outfit and every driver to have an ambulance certificate.

Col. vVadham also congratulated the Centre on its bal a nc e shee t . He pointed out the need for instruction anti-ga s measures and hinted at possible developments In t his direction.

Thanks to the officials and to Col. \\7a dham for presiding c oncluded the meeting.

KET TERING. - Th e annual meeting of the Keltering Centre Committee \-vas held last month.

i.\lr. T. 1\. Bird (President) presided, supported by Mr. H. Tebbe), ( Chairman of the Committee), and expressed the feelings of the Committee on the necessity of advertising the classes of instruction organised by the Association. He d esc ribed the con s truction of a course and that successful s tudents were qualified to join the Brigade and thus become be tter a nd m o re useful members of th e community.

Th e finan c ia l statement showed a balance of £23 in hand.

The Committee de c ided to hold the usual female class during O c tober.

H ULL. - Through the continued kindness of the HuJl Educati o n Commi t tee the Paragon (Hull) Class was able to hold the 7th annual competition for the "Carver" Cup on Saturday O c tober 2nd, when a re cord entry for the district of 20 c ompeted.

The judges were: team, Div. Surgeons E. M. Dearn and A. G l\linn, of Hull; individuals, Dr. C. Simpson, of H essle, Div. Surgeons J. G. Lindsay and L. F. Wilson, of Hull, Corps Surgeon A. M. Millar, of Hull, and Dr. H. E. Watts Waters (Deputy City Coroner).

A ID

Tbe teams were asked to give treatment and a sistan cc in a very common type of str.eet a lad on a cycle skidding in the tram llnes whtlst ndl11g down a bu sy thoroug bfare on a wet day. '.

Major VV. H. Carver, M. P., presented hiS cup and Individual prizes, and dre\\' attention to, and al 0 thanked, t he competitors for their unselfish \vork the benefit of humanity. He referred to the hours gw n b? .ambulan ce people in order that they ma): become more elhclen;, to d :al with accidents and emergencies and stated that: Th e ir s was a noble work."

Major Carver also referred to the that th e last competition Supt. Huddleston, East RidIng Pollce, had been invested a Serving Brother of the Ordcr of St. J01111.

Chief Constable J. E. Ryall, Riding Puli c e pr oposed a vote of thanks to the for assistan.ce and for giving up so much of thclr valuable time to movement, to the competitors, and Lo the Hull I<..du catlOll Committee.

upt. Huddleston supported the proposal and ment iof1l>d that the honour he had received one due 10 the For ce III which he had the privilege to belong.

[It would not be out of place to state SUpl. Hud dlc<;ton has been one of the most ardent workers In the ambul ance movement in the East Riding Police for man) ) ears. "' h'l1 nominated for an award by the Police Authority for pel al police work, he purchased a .and thus s et u p " vVe twood" Shield for the East Rldl11g am bulal1 Le J

Among the many visitors ,,·ere County COl11l11i ssiom:r

VV. T. Atkinson, County Officer T. Lamb, 'Ilr. l ooper (General Ambulance Secretary , E ' \rea, L. E. R.), Supts. \V. E. Robson (Brough), HInch and Cook (Beverley) of the E. R. Police, Corps SupL. E. Sl)dI', and Mr. E. H. Fowler, Station l\laster Hull P arag)n Station 1r. W. E. Twinham was the energeti c cc retflry.

The firsl three places in the t e am competiti o n were occupied by: - 1 t, Barnboro' :'Ilain, 287 l1lar}c; 2nd, Leeds City Police' C A," 245 ; 3rd, IIull East , 2.)0

The individual winn e rs \\ ere :- i\o. 1, T. :'Il ox llam, Leeds City Police" B "; 1'\0. 2, (; Bucknell , Barnboro' :\lain ; 1 3, S. Fisher, Hull Cit \ Poli s e; R,' D. Huddleston, E. R. Police, Drilli e ld ; No. :>, J. fnll l t, harnboro' l\lain.

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Extr acts from the Manual o f Ins truction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Be rth Staff. *

jrom pag!! 55.)

S,(IIl S and Symptoms of Suppuration

\\Yhen a wound becomes septic the signs of inHa mmation appear about twenty-fours hours late r.

Except in very mild infections, the symptoms of '/O xcclllz'a also occur. These are, a rise in tempera ture (often preceded by a rigor), headache, thirs t, a dirty tongue, and a general feeling of illne ss.

In eptz'ccemia the symptoms are !:>imilar to, but more severe than those of Toxcemz'a. The patie nt is dull and may be delirious.

T his is a very serious form of blood pOIsoning, and frequently ends in the death of the pati e n t.

Pycemza doe not usually begin for some \\' eh:; after the original infection. Abscesses may form in any part of the body. The infection often lasts for mon ths, and generally proves fatal.

(2) hould the wound become infected with th ge rms of any specific (or special) dz'sease, this di ta se will in due course develop.

Frequently, however, pus forming germs are intro duced at the same time, in which case the wo ln d becomes septic as well.

Diseases such as Tetanus and Erysipelas are ex·'m ples of special infections. These diseases a rc d escri bed later.

( C) Poisoned Wounds are those brought about by some poison, which is introduced by the agent caus ing the wound, e.g., bites from poisonous snak es, insects or rabid animals.

The poisoned wounds produced by the stings of nsects are not as a rule dangerous, except when th e, Occur about the throat, when asphyxia may re su lt from the consequent swelling.

Rabz'es is a disease to which all warm-blooded an im als are susceptible.

Dogs are most frequently affected, but cats,

* Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H.M Statio nery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H M. St aLio nt::ry Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W. C.2 , or any branch, price 4/Sd. post free.

horses, cattle and foxes may also suffer. It is now seldom met with in the British Isles.

The sick animal becomes depressed and irritable; it snaps at other animals and anyone near; thick mucus dribbles from its mouth, and it has difficulty in drinking. Death takes place in five or six days.

Hydrophobia is a disease of human beings, caused by the bite (or lick on abraded skin) of an animal suffering from Rabies.

Symptoms.

These do not develop for about six weeks after the bite. The patient complains of dizziness and general malaise, followed by difficulty in swalIowing and breathing. Later, constant spasms of the muscles of respiration and swallowing occur; the patient is in a state of terror, and dies in about four days.

Snake Bites are very uncommon in England, the only poisonous reptile being the adder, but are met with in Asia, Africa, America, and Australia. Poisonous snakes inject the poison (venom) by means of hollow moveable fangs. The poison is stored in a gland situated below and behind the eye. At the moment of striking, the poison fangs are erected, and the venom is injected along them. Poisonous snakes are divided into two classesColubrines and Viperines.

Colubrz'nes.- The Cobras, and various water snakes.

The poison of these snakes acts chiefly on the nervous system, causing drowsiness, increasing weakness, difficulty in breathing, unconsciousness and death.

Vzperz'nes.- The vipers, or adders and rattle snakes.

The poison of these snakes acts chiefly on the blood, causing rapid syncope and collapse, swelling, vomiting, and hcemorrhage from the mucous membranes and under the skin.

I n both classes of poison there is considerable pain at the site of the wound, with swelling and oozing of blood or serum.

TREATMENT OF POISONED \-\T OUND Stt'ngs oj Insects. - E tract the sting hy pres -

ing over it a small key; then apply Ammonia, Hydrogen Peroxide, or \iVashing Soda.

I7711lledz'ate Tl'eatmellt of a Bite by a Rabz'd .Anz'mal

(a) Prevent the poison getting into the general circulation by at once applying a ligature around the limb above the wound sufficiently tight to compress the veins, but not the artery.

(b) Encourage bleeding by bathing with warm water.

(c) Cauterize the wound, using solid caustics, such as Silver Nitrate or red hot wire; liquid caustics such as pure Carbolic or Nitric Acid. Liquid caustics are better, as they are more likely to penetrate every corner of the wou nd.

(d) Apply an antiseptic dressing.

Later Treatnzent.- The patient undergoes the Pasteur treatment, which consists of an injection of gradually increasing doses of a carbolised antirabic vaccine. The treatment lasts about a fortnight, and is almost invariably successful in preventing the occurrence of Hydrophobia.

Should the disease actually occur, attempts are made to check the convulsions with Chloral Hydrate or Chloroform.

Dog Bztes.-Unless an animal shows signs of Rabies, bites are treated on general antiseptic lines. If Rabies is suspected, do not destroy the animal, but keep it under observation for ten days, preferably with a Veterinary Surgeon. If the disease does not show itself during this time there is nothing to fear, as the saliva is never virulent (poisonous) within ten days of Rabies developing.

Should Rabies develop, the person bitten should begin Pasteur treatment at once.

Snake Bdes.--l\lake sure, if possible, whether the bite is that of a poisonous snake. I f the repti Ie has not been recogn ised as one of the poisonous varieties, the appearance of the wound inflicted may help.

In poisonous snakes this will show two rows of teeth marks, with a wound from the fangs on each side, outside the teeth marks.

The bites of non-poisonous snakes will show four rows of teeth marks only.

Treatment.

(a) Apply a ligature around the limb above the wou nd.

(b) Encourage bleeding by scraping the wound with a knife or needle.

(c) Cauterize the wound.

(d) Rub thoroughly into the wound crystals of Potassium Permanganate.

(e) Treat the shock.

(f) Apply artificial respiration if necessary.

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Antivenene must be given at once. supplied in the Service Afloat Stores, jected hypodermically or intravenously.

THE HEALING OF VVO DS

frou nds Heal by :-

This is and is in-

(1) First Inteni£on or Primary Unzoll.

When the edges of an aseptic wound are kept together, new branches develop on the ends of th e cut capillaries and join with similar branches from the opposite side. Around these capillaries new are formed, the two. sides are firml y united. At the same time the skin grows inward s from the edges of the wou nd and covers the ne\\ tissue, which in time becomes fibrous and result s in a permanent white scar.

'Vounds heal by first intention in from thr ee to ten days.

(2) Second Illte17iz'oll or G1'anulatioll.

\Vhen the edges of \\IOU nds can not be brou ght together, a gap or cavity is left.

The commonest causes of this are:

(1) Actual loss of tissue, as in shell wound -, or (2) Death of tissues, due to trauma or sepsis.

This dead tissue has to separate or come a\\ " as a slough before the wound "'ill begin to heal.

'Vhen healing begin , small rounded pillk projections, called Grallulail"o71s, form on the CLt su rfaces. These gran ulations consist of nc' v branches from the capillaries, and of new cell s. They multiply until the cavity is completely fille I, and the skin grows inwards from the edges and covers the new tissue.

This tissue con tracts, becomes depress e 1 owing to the formation of fibrous tissue, and a scar results. It will be seen that the process is somewhat similar in each of these methods 1f healing, the difference being in the quantity of ne w tissue formed and the ti me taken for it to grow; according to the size and condition of the woun d, the health of the patient, etc .. this may be ma ny weeks.

(To be continued.)

Sir Wm. Ingilby presented ambulance awards to members of the Ripley Special Constabulary and also to three members of the Regular Force.

A whist drive and dance organised by the North \N alshall1 Division, S.J.A.B., was held on October 6th, and prov ed a very enjoyable event.

The second annual effort by the Cromer branch of the Junior Imperial League, to assist the local division of th e S.].A.B., took the form of a dance and was held on Mond ay, September 13th. Amb. Officer T. L, Randall thanked the Imps and others for their services.

St. John Ambulance Brigad e Headquarters

and District Repo rts.

Brigade Headquarters

A.R.P.- The new 13.0. in relation to A.R.P referred to by Dr. vVm. C. Bcntal] in our September is ue has 110W bee n i ued. This Order cancels all prcyious oncs on the .,lI bject and should be tudiccl carefully and the in iormatio n pa cel 011 by senior officers.

The Orun is di\ idccl into 18 sectiun', dealing' with (;c nl'ral '{)lltl"!Jl ni Training; Recog-nition of Anti-Gas

In trllc(or ; Ci"Ilian , \nti-Ga . :chool (C.A.G .. ); Train1I1g of Brig-ade A.R.P. Instructors) Grade I and Grade 2; fo[- /\ir Raid " Precautions ( I1ti -Gas) Cour e to In.t ructor· ((;radc.' 1 Training of Brigade Perfor the A. P.P. ertd1C:lte. Training of Gencral Pu blic; .) llahu for ;\ir Raid Precautions (Anti-Gas)

CO llLC to llrig-adc Pcrollnc1 and Gennal Public for .\ .R.P. 'ertilicatc..:. hort Cour. c: Re-Examination; upple mentary Il1structlon": \ir Raid Prccaution. Auxiliary h'se n'l': Examinatiol1s-Proceciure and Form to be u .ed:

As usual those present were indebted to ::\1r. Joe Gros man (of Associated British Picture Corporation, Ltd.), for galaxy of talent at the Saturday Evening Variety Performance. The queen of song and characterimpersonation-Gracie Fields, l\[onty Banks, June Clyde and other noted stars did their bit to break the arduous task of those attending the course.

Thanks were extended to " Our Joe " by thc urgeonin-Chief (Dr. N. Corhet Fletcher), who thanked ::\Ir J\faxwcll \\-ho paid all expenses, Clarence Elder, the stage director.

:-'Ir. Ted Sommerfield and H. J. 'Wriggl e worth were the staa-e managers, whilst Arthur Dulay ag-ain rendered ycoman seryice at the piano.

The organisation and arrangements of the Course wcre e xcellent and was a triumph for the Brigade. ecretary, Major P. G. DarYil-Smith, and his as i tanl, ::\Ir. H. J. \Vrigglesworth.

PllOtograpll] [Barrett, Ht"glt Road, LailldolZ Laindon and District Division, S.J.A.B.

Corrcspondc nce' L'se of Gas and Ga Chambers; Ba dges; and Scopc of Local cheme.

The fir t inlellSi\'c cour c for the season was held on Saturday and 'unda}', ,eplcmhcr 25th ane! 26lh at t he Great Central Hotel.

Dr, W. C. Benlall, AR.P. Staff Officer to lhe Chief wa chai rman and a i ting' him as lecturer \;e rc Dr. J Oh1: Fenton. C. E. VV . J. oble, \V. J. Jj. Trottcr, L1CUt.- 01. R. J. C0I11115, and F. \Vrig glewo rth.

The cour. e was slightly altered from previous course an d one very important addition was the u e of a mobile gas containing actual gas This was placed at thc M1dc1lesex H ospi tal.

No. I (Prince of Wales's) District

BRICKUYERS' R:'I .-The annual competition for the "Milc 'Cup wa concluded on Saturday, eptember 11 th, when three teams competed in the team te t judged by ] iv. urgeon Franks.

The scene was that of a kitchen \"here a gas explosion took place causing the patient to be sufferingfrom burn on hands, ncck and lower part of facc, inci ed wound on forehead with arterial bleeding, and shock.

At the l1bsequent prize and award distribution, Corp upt. A. J. Green pre ided, supported by Corp Surgeon H. A. Dunlop, l\I1'. A. Cobb (President and .R. Loco Running upt.), Diy. Supt. C. E. Harrison, Diy. Corps upt. Allum (Headquarters), Commandant Cheese (B.R.eS.). Others present included l1pt. Ha\ythorne,

P. Pethybrido-e ( \ Vhitehall Di"ision, Rants). Amb. Offic ers Harbottle, Judd (Eltham) and Forward (New Cr oss)

The res nIt of the competition was announced by Supt. Harrison as follows :-1. No. 2 Team (Ptes. Budgen (leader), yVest, Green and Quick). 135 marks; 2, N o. 3 Team (leader, Pte. 'Valler), 126: 3, J o. 1 Team (leader, Corpl. Grant), 125.

Individual prizes were awarded as follows :-Group 1 (over nine years' seryice). Pte. Waller; Group 2 (7-9 years), Corpi. Grant; Group 3 (3 to 7 years). Pte. Bubb ; Group 4 (under three years), P te. Crowhurst.

The competition prizes and examination awar ds were presented by 1\1r. Cobb , who congratulated the recipients. Among the awards were A.R.P. certificates, 14 yea r S.R. medals to O. A. 1100re and Corpl. Erickson, and 30 year S.R. certificates to Messrs. Green and Harrison.

A surprise presentation \vas a pevrter tea service from members of the Division to Dr. Dunlop as an appreciation of his services as divisional surgeon for many years.

Corps Sup t. Allum congratulated the Di vision on the interest taken in A .R.P. and stated that Corps Supt. Green had just returned from Falfield, where he had g-ained a first-class instructor' s certificate.

The remainder of the evening- was devoted to socia l affalrs, Amb Officer Stevenson acting as M.e.

L.\INDOX.-The Laindon and District Division has just completed its seventh year of week-end duties on the Southend arteri3.1 road at Laindon. Members take t urns of duty eyery Sunday, enthusiastic members doing extra duty on Saturday nights until 2 a.m

The division has two huts situate abo ut three miles apart, which are manned from Easter until t he end of September. This year over 160 cases were t r eated which figure proves the usefulness and n ecessity of the work clone by the members of this division.

No. 13 (KING)S CROSS) G.N.R.), DIVISION.- This division has suffered a loss by the retirement of Supt. J. G. Palmer on account of age.

Mr. Palmer's knowledge on first ai d and drill is unsurpassed and it will be a g-reat task to find one to take his place who is equally cognisant with tho se subjects.

Joining the division in 1904 Mr. Palmer passed through the ranks, becoming- Superintendent in November, 1922. In 1909 he was admitted to the Military Home Hospital Reserve; on August 7th, 1914, he joined the R.A M.C. as sergeant, being transferred to the Reserve on June 14th , 1919, with the rank of Warrant Officer, 1st Class (Regimental Sergt.-Major).

Competitions were another strong point with Mr. Palmer. In 1906 he ,," ' m the Diyi siona l Individual Competition; and many tilllCS he h as trained winning teams in the G.N.R. Officers' Cup, the" Liddell Steel" Challeng e Bowl (twice), and was himself in the win ning- team for the" William Haywood" Challeng-e Shield ope n competit ion in 1911.

During his superintendentship the No. 13 Division has made great strides and at the present moment is one of the largest and most active, with a membership of 120.

His services were recognised in 1932, w hen he was admitted to the Order of St. J ohn as a Serving- Brother.

Mr. Palmer also holds the Kin g George V Coronation Medal, King George VI Coronation Medal, the S e rvic e Medal and three bars, and the L.N.E.R. Gold Medal and three bars.

We wish Mr. P a lmer many years o f happy retirement.

SOUTHALL.-At a concert held on October 1st awards gained by members of the Southall Ambulance and

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Nursing Division, and also by members of the Gas Ligh t and Coke Co., Southall , First Aid Class, were present ed by Mrs. Collins.

Mr. C. F. Collins presided and paid tribute to the excellent work being performed by the Brigade in Southall.

Wedding gifts of biscuit barrels from the Brigade we r e made to 1r. and Mrs. elhams, Mr. and Mrs. Green and Mr. and Mrs. Earner, whilst Mr. E Rowland Will is (Asst. Engineer, Gas Li g ht and Coke Co.) on behalf of the Company's First-Aid Class pres ented Dr. M. J. Arno tt with a fountain pen in ap preciation of his services as class lecturer and to Supl. J. E. Taylor two pipes in recognitioll of the assistance he had r end e red to the class.

A course of A.R.P. lectures will be given hy Dlv urgeon U. J. Arnott (Grade 1 Instructor) commencin gon Tuesday, November 2nd, in 50uth Lodge Tent, Southall.

The second annual Church Parade of Catholi c members was held on Sunda y, Septemb e r 26th, at th e Church of SS. Peter and Edward, Westminster, and attended by r ep resentatives of Ambulance, an ti Cadet members from divisions throughou t London and th e Home Counties.

The servic e was attende d by Col. J. L. Sleema n, c.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., M.V.O., M.A. (Chief Brigade O ve rs eas) supported by Asst. Commission er Flavin (No. 8 Distri ct), Lady Distri ct Orllcer Miss W Grindley, Supt. J. E. Taylor and Lady Supt. Miss E. \ if. Tuck er, the organising committee.

The address was g iven by the Rev. W Hi ggs an d was follo wed by Benediction of the Blessed Sacramen t given by Father Murray assisted by Fathers Higgs an d Hallandell.

After the service and led by Col. Sleeman, the parad e marched to the grounds of Westminster Cathedral whe re Col. Sle eman inspected the ranks and addressed th e g athering

He referred to his recent world tour and the go od wishes sent by members overseas to the No.1 (Prince o f Wales's) District. He was grateful to those wh? ha d organised the service: Catholics were h o ld,ing theIr en d up in the Brigade throughout the E.mplre and the y provided a living link, and were carryl11g on. the. sam e work that their Catholic forefathers did, serVl11g ll1 th e Order of St. John eight hundred years ago.

Asst. Commissioner Flavin thanked Col. Sleeman fo r inspecting and addressing the parade and for the inter es t he had shown in their efforts to bring together th e Catholic members of the Brigade.

No. 122 (ELTHAM) DI\ ISlON. - Little less than five year s ago we recorded the formation. of this Divisio? and commented on the connection of SIr Jordan de Bnset, of Hall Manor, Eltham, with the land at Clerkenwell (of he was the owner) on which the first Priory of the Order 10 Eng-land was built.

Since its formation the Eltham D IVISIon has steadd) pro g ressed and its work has the s.u PRort been forthcoming from the reSidents of thiS Royal town ship. . M C Asst. Commissioner Capt. A. C WhIte Knox, j' M. B., accompanied by District Officer L. M. Sr;tith.' recent y in specte d the Divi s ion and conducted prej paratory to promotions. He was receive d by the DIVlslon a Surgeon, Dr. S. McClements, and the Officer in Char ge, Ambulance Officer H R. Harbottle ,

FIRS'!'

Afte r inspecting the men and the Cadets, CapL Wh ite Kn ox expressed his satisfaction w i th the smartness of ap pe ara nce and equipment of both sections and laid stress on the importan ce of both dress and conduct in these days wh e n the Brigade is recei ving- mu c h attention from the pu blic.

\ evidence of the strength of the Division the presentation of awards included 10 Certificates, 4 Vou c hers, 6 le dallio n s , 28 Lab e ls and 23 A. R. P. Certificates.

P roof of the s upp o rt of the Eltham re si dents is afforded by th e nag day collection which totalled nearly £70.

No. II Di s tri ct anllual compclitwl1 for the " :'Ilo uring' ldridg'('!" trophy \\ as helel last month, Dr. J. E\\ judging thc \\ork dOlle.

BOtIrnell1(Jl1t h ". \ " with ] 81 points \\ ('!re declared the \l i1 the team hl illg· Corp!. R. ,'coll, R. G. Rl1 hen, L. 1'. Call, C. F. 1. Fallc\' and E. FarrellCL.

;' lajor C. (;. -I r. 1\loj-Sl'. 'ount) C()1ll111is ioner, prl I.' nt\.'d thl trophy and 'Poke of the excellent dcmontrclli llll thl')' had seell ni hrm to a team test.

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assembled in the H eadquar te r s, where they were addressed by the Insp ecting Offic e r, Col. G. A. Moore, C.M.G., Deputy Chief Commissioner, who was supported by the Commissioner, Mr. \V. G. Smith, O.B.E., and members of the D istrict Staff.

Co l. lIoore thanked the members for turning up in a loya l manner in spite of the -v. eather. The attendance did not surprise him, for the young- people there were only doing what was expected of them, for if they for anything they stood for se r vice for their Order. After tracing the growth of the Brigade, he said, " It occupied a well ent r enched position in the Ii fe of the nation."

In thanking Col. Moore, the Commissioner referred with prid e to that part of Lancashire being known as the cradle of the movement, some units having been formed in 1883 thongh, officially, this year \yas the jubilee of the Brigade.

Among- tho e present were the :vlayor and Mayoress of Accrington (Aiel. G H. Ellis and :"Irs. E. Ellis), the Rcv. A. W. G r een ill, 1I.A., R.D., Hon. Chaplain and 'orps Treasurcr (representing Col. G G H. Bolton, Hon. President) Corps Surgeon IIarbinson and the Chief Constahl<.:, l\[r. e. H. Walters.

Ll \·ERPoOL.-undcr command 01 Col. D. C. Leyland Orton. Corps and uperintendent, about 1,000 member' of the Liverpool Corps paraded on eptember 11th for ill pcction by Commi sioner VV. G. Smith, and \\ ith thc Imperial .\lilitary Band made an impre sin picture, c pecially during the march past and general sa lut e

The Commissioner, who \\:as accompanied by the Lord :\Iayor and Lady :"Iayores (Alderman and Mrs. \\ illlcU11 Denton), invited her ladyship to assist him in in pecting ,he ranks of the nurses, and aften\'ards exeel very high appreciation of the smartness and efficiency of the Corp as a whole.

He ClIo rdl!rrl!el to the Brigadt: members as thnrourr hh trained lllen Oil \\ hom they could ab olutely rd y fo r first aid.

1l.()x.-.:'Ilclllhcrs of the Box Diyisiol1 are very proud , upt. PcplL r 1\ a reccntly inyc ·ted with the insignia 01 Ing Brother 01 thc Ordcr IIe has been the mainstay tl i thc diyi ' iOll for many year : l1Pt. Pepler has no\\' been placed on the Resen'e hi \\o rl\: jKing' carried nil by Amb. Officer J. King.

No. IV Dis trict LANCASIlIRE.

ann ual rc\·iew of the uni ts in 1 o. 1 Area, held proycd an interesting and impressive e vent, eplte thc fact that inclement weather caused the proceed1ngs to be held indoors.

T he ursing- Divi , iol1s were in peeled at the Ambuand the Ambulance Divisions at the ern tona l Dnll Hall. Aft e rw a rds the combined tlllits

\m ong' those in attendance were Col. G. C. E. Simp011 (Asst. Commissioner), Dr. \'T. :\Iurray Cairns (County Surgeon), lderman 1\1ajor J. G. Paris (chairman of Li\ crpool Corporation Air Raids Committee), lIIessr J oh11 Roberts (Secretary, .J.A.A., Liverpool Centre) \Villi am E. 'ear l (Corp secretary), R. L. Gulliver (Corps trea ' ur er) c. Costigan (In pector of Stores), and T. F. \\ ' il on (Public Duty Officer), 11. Ralli (lady Corps ecretary), Miss Bellasis (lady Inspector of Nur ing tores), the Re\,. A. Powell ::\Iiller (honorary chaplain to the Corps), Supt. \Y ood\\'ard (Birkenhead Corp), and Commandant Turner (Briti h Red Cross Society).

T o illustrate the teaching in A.R.P. an air-raid spectacle \\'as staged. The Gas Company Division tU1der Amb. Officer J. J. Brown, were responsible for ambulance work; the Exchange Diyi ion, under Supt. L. R. Lewis, fo r first aid; whil t upt. Joseph Anthony, Transport Divi iOll, ga\'e valuable assistance

Sirens ounded the alarm as an aeroplane (in charge () ( Flight-Lieut. G. Clapham) approached the scene of action and dropping gas bombs made off.

Imm ediately st r etcher parties in protective clothing collected the 'wo und ed and contaminated patients and conveyed th em to the first aid and decontamination station where further treatment was giyen

I can whil e additional parties staked out and erected .. danger" signs aro und the affected gro und.

The demon tration was excellently staged and carried out without a hitch, and congratulations are due to the o ffic er in charge for their splendid arrang·ements.

The anllual Fleet wood Fi h Merchant' As ociatiull Boy Cadet Shield and 1Iedal Competition, open to

Lancashire Di\'i ions, will be held on November 20th Full particulars can be obtained from Amb. Officer J. P. Thomason, J.P., 80, llilton Street, Fleetwood, Lancs.

No . V District

ASKERN l\LuN" - The annual camp of the Askern l\Iain Corps was held at Skegness and lasted from September 5th tD September 11 tho Corps Officer A. H. Sudworth was in charge, Corps Officer A. \V. Free being Quartermaster. Other officers present were Div. upts. Smith, Nield and Jagger, Amb. Officers Callow and Machin, and Corps Sergt.-l\Iajor Bowen.

First aid instruction and drill tODk up part of each day. On Wednesday District Officer Bunting visited the camp and carried out an inspection. He was much impressed by the appearance and orderly manner of the lines, particularly a tent of the Campsall and orton Division. Thursday was visitors' day and dinner and tea were provided for about fifty visitors, inCluding a party of the Askern Nursing Division.

occurred when one of the sh owmen's dog was overcome by the f u mes from the ex h aust of the motor which was driving the dynamo for lighting

Two ambulance men worked for over an hour in an attempt, which was successful, to r evive the animal. Thanks are du.e t o all. for. their untiring service; 376 hours m all bemg the tIme glven.

MALTBY.-The Maltby Corps was greatly honour ed by t h e p r ese n ce o f the Ea rl of Sca r bro u g-h (Sub-Pri or of the Order) at the annual presentation of awards h eld on September 18th.

Mr. D. Ross pre ided, those present including Mr. Gore Booth, who accompanied the Sub-Prior, Mrs. Pickering, County Surgeon E. E. Dufty, Corps Officers D. O. Evans. J. \Vhimpenny and J. cattergood. L ady Supt. )'lrs \Vhirnpenny and Sergt.-).lajor J. IlIingw ort!1. l\Ir. E\Tans (secretary) presented the rep ort, which showed that the Corps had increased its mem bership to 140, all of whom had to be proYided with uniforms. Road accidents and public dutIes numb ered

FIRST

ambulance work at l\laltby was that every class of workma n and official at his pit had fig u red in the awards; the Corps had th ree 111 em bers Serving Brothers of The o der.

A yotc of t11anks was accorded the Sub-Prior on the pro po ition of Mr. D. Ross and seconded by Dr. Dufty.

T l a nks were also accorded to members of the Nursing Dl i ion for help during the year and for providing the tea Concert item were given by numerous artists arra nged by Ir. W. Smith, and the evening concluded WIt h a dance.

Corp Secretary D. O. Evans was responsible for the arra ngements.

N c. VI District

DBX \"\D CIL\PTER COLLIERY DIVISIOx.-The official opln lllg of the ncw Headquarters was held 011 September 10 h. )'1r. J. G. Goodenough (General :l\Ianagcr, Dorman, L ong and Co., Ltd.). pcriormcd the opening ceremony.

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Corps . Supt. Simpson proposed and Cadet Supt. Norton seconded a vote of thanks to Mr. Goodenough, and Messrs. J os. Sutch and P. Stoddart, Miners' Representatives, thanked Mr. Brooks who, in his reply, mentioned that the firm greatly appreciated the work of the first aid men who were, in his opinion, an asset to industry.

NEWCASTLE.-At a meeting of the Tovocastrian Division-one of the recently formed Newcastle unitsreference was made to a visit by a deputation from Berwick, headed by Dr. Maclaghan, and it was explained that Berwick is also providing itself with Brigade divisions The deputation, having seen how the division is run, indicated that they \"ould be pleased to operate on similar lines.

Diy Supt. Stanley Hair at the same meeting that 1\1r. Samuel Smith, the President, had written expressing satisfaction with the progress made and enclosed a cheque for £100 to cover cost of uniforms for new members and overcoats for the whole of the men.

This further donation by l\Ir. Smith-his second this

First (Ipswich) Division, .J. A. B. Ot11cer in from left: Corp.s ?gt. - l\ I ajor H olde n , Co r ps Sec retary Powell, District Ollicer Dealh, Acting CoulltyCommlss loner Dr. F r yer, Co r ps S upt. Fiddy, D i\,. Supt. S awyer.

The men had occasion to prove their usefulness \vhen a haystack in an adjoining field caught fire. A bucket chain was formed until the arrival of the fire brigade. Mr. Dale, the owner of the stack) greatly appreciated the work and conduct of the men concerned.

LEEDs.-For the 18th successive year the City Division, Leeds Corps, assisted by nurses from the Victoria Nursing Division, erected and staffed an Ambulance Station for the duration of Vloodhouse Feast, September 24th to 28th, 1937.

The Nursing personnel working in relays of four hours until 10.30 p.m., the Ambulance men staying on duty until all the had closed down for the night.

During this period some 60 cases of accident, etc , were treated at the Ambulance Tent, eight of which were transported to the General Infirmary for further treatment; of these two were detained for a day or two and three were told to report the next day for X-ray examination.

One very interesting case which is worth noting

167 and 30 serious accidents were attended. Eight n urses and 20 men had been successful in A.R.P. Mrs. Rosa \Vhimpenny, who presented the repo rt of the Nurses' section, appealed for greater memb e rsh ip.

T he Ear l of Scarbrough, who was gi"en a tremendous reception, outlined the history of the O rde r and expressed his delight at again meeting the Corp s.

The Brigade had celebrated an existence of 50 years an d had received honours from Their YIaj esties the King- an d Queen, folIowing Coronation week

The Brigade could look with pride at its pro gres s, efficiency and membe r ship.

Dealing with A.R.P., the Sub-Prior said that t he country now realised the need for preparations and t he Brigade was doing its full share

In d istrib u ti n g h e awa rd s, t h e Ea rl of Scarbrough had a kindly word for each recipient, especially StaffSergt. J Powell (32 years' service), County Surg-eon E. EE' Dufty (25 years), Sergt. J arram (25 years), Serg t. . Rushforth (17 years), Sergt.-Ma i or J. Illingworth (23 years), and Pte. H. C. Johnson (1 6 years).

Mr R. Young (Agent and Manager, Ma ltby l\ Ia in Colliery), said that the most satisfactory feat ur e of the

). Iember of the diyi ion were inspected by Corps L M. Y. Stella Coal Co. Corps, representing Co nt y C0111mis loner S. Embert011.

D. R. Brooks, Chief Collieries Agent, presided and ll1troduct.:d to the large audience 1Ir. Goodenough, who spoke of the efficiency of the Diyision and of the gr?wi ng need for first aid due to the present trade boom bnr:ging into industry large numbers of new employees w}lIl: h !1ad, unfortunately, the effect of increasing- the risk at aCC Ident. He congratulated the Division on its fine ne\' Headquarters and hoped that it would prove an incenfl\' e to further successes.

Corps SllPt. gave brief but very interesting addre ss 0n the hIstory of The Order and reviewed the Wo rk ll1g of the Association and Brigade and referred to th e g- rowing importance of A.R.P work

. Supt . W. Mather traced the growth of the Division H I1 CL its formation in March 1907, to its prese.nt strength. e a lso thanked Dorman, Long and Co. for their assistan ce .a nd indeed all who had in any way helped with the erectlO n of the building He presented to l\Ir. S. vVatson En g-m eer at Dean and Chapter Colliery, a cigarette box a token of the Division's appreciation of the work he ad done as hon CIer k of the Works

year-will enable the division to undertake any outdoor duty during the coming winter.

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District

CATERH DI.-On Monday, September 13th, District Officer Flavin inspected the Caterham Division. The were drawn up under Supt. Ryder; others pre ent mcluded Div. Surgeon C. B. Lewis, Amb . Officers Moore and Powles, Tr.:tnsport Officer \Yorfolk, ilIr. J. G. Gardner (president) and l\Ir. J. D. Rolls (vice-president). and hand seat drill were carried through WIth effiClency and earned congratulations from the inspecting officer, who later inspected the ambulance station in Caterham Valley.

COBIIA1I.-Asst. Commissioner Hamer Russell inspected the Cobham Di\'isi011l on unday, eptember 12th, the event taking place in the groW1ds of Mr. L. L azar us (president).

Acting Supt. V . E . T . Daniel was in charge of the

New Headquarters of the Dean and Chapter Colliery Division, S.]. A. B.

)andc as i'ted by Amb. Officcr H. N. \Vaby, Div. Secret

It· a;ld Tran 'port Officer A. IIamilton. Also prese.n ,\1) c J 1 H 1 (who I also Dlv. \\"a County. t:rgeonffi l11C t ep H Ellis fonnerly ,'urgcon), Dlstnct 0 eel ap. , '.upcrintendent at Cobham. d '11 followed by quad. tretcher and c.at n :,.a._ he nr t aiel. all of \\'hich rccclyecl hIgh adll1l1 atlOll it om t inspecting officer. d d tl ::\Irs Lazaru presented the a\\'ard game an le \\ hote including of the i ng Diyision, wcre entertalllcel at tea hy 1\ I. anc 1 s. Lazarus.

TL':\,BRIDGE \YELL -A t. C0111mis 1\Iajor C. H. B who ,,-a accompan!ed by J?I tnct \V. in peeted the Tunbndge \\ ells DlvlslOn on 'eptember 15th. 1 ffi >S pt Billenne s wa in charge, ot ler 0 cel s U b' D'. mO'eon A. i\I. Pollock, Amb. Officers pre ent e1111""> 11. I!! C B . field (Diy. Secretary), °1",·e1l1t :n<kel 1\Ir. J. B: Snell, \\ 11 S .l. .' G C 1 (0 f Con O.B.E. (yice-pre ident), and }'Ir. uy ar ton lIestable) were inlerested pectator. h

After in peeting the 'p aradc an.d watch1l1g t e 1 - ·k 'IaJ'or Brazier c o mpll111ented them on thell )er at \\ 01 , excellent turn-out. ., d' t d tl e The Asst. Com1111 lOner after.war s 1l1spec e three ambulances and fir t ;l.1d equIpment at Divi Headquart e rs. 1 fAt f thi "ear

From Tanuary until the enc 0 O. .J 87 road accident haye been WIth a 8 -+8-+, and 933 im'a lid patients h:ansported (mdeage 11,618). Of the lattel 231 were earned free of charge.

No. X District

]p sw lcn.-Th e Fir t (Ipswi c h) \'Cryacti\C and member' undertake duties at yarlOus. pIcture h o uses, .football and ru o'by and also transport dutIes: l' \\ h C the \\ hich appears 111. t lIS Issue en h 1 t it \\,111 be seen "as tak e n ix a )sen ,so, d t d th'lt the member hip IS qUIte good and, \\ e till ers an , c g' At the Coronation members "vere on duty 15 Il1CleaS1l1 ' 1 h present at t 'de \\ -est minster Abbe\', \\'hl ot ers were b' ou J .' H d- P'k A R P work IS e1l1g the Royal R e n e'\\' In), e at. 1 ,yell tal<: e n up; the has an 1l1s t ructor and a gooe ta o-e 0 fAR P certificates.

are al' 0 'th'e holders of Recreation Cup competed for by divisions of the IpswIch Corps.

S.J.A. B. Overseas. iNDIA.

The Muslim Arl1bulance Society, according to its re Jort for the year ended ber 31 st, 1936, treate.

I fl ' h 399 were invalJd cases and 120 caused 111 the cases 0 w llC . ... b t 223 t First aid was o-iven by lndlvldual mem ers 0 no s. ::, bl' d t whilst 19 cases were treated on pu IC. U y

During the riots the luslim NursIng DlvlslOn rendered valuable service. . fi t 'd

The Society'S Centre conducted three classes 111 • rs al and two in home nursing during the year ; the t · f the Centre 142 persons have recelved 1I1struc- orma Ion 0 tion in first aid and S3 in home nurSll1g-.

AID

SOUTH AFRICA.

Last month the \"tHious divi ions il: Pietermari,lzberg <: ted by As t. oml1lissioner 1\laJor Stanley Copley, \\ere In_pec 1\1 V V/,ll' I f.R.C.S., who wa accompanied 1 r. onl IC{ ( ),stem lanager, S.A. Railways), Capt. C. E. L. Burman, taff Officer W. n. 1-. }'le, Dlstnct Supt. J H CI mberlain and 1\1 r. H. H Roberts. Also present la T" D f F ) were Col. Cluver (representing the .u nlon e ence orce, Capl. C. V. Tuslin (Acting- President, orthern Natal entre) and others. '.

The Fire Brigade Division was. ll1spected, Chief Olllcer J. lckean recei\ ing- the :'1ltors. Good work received congratulations from lalor Copley, who gave advise on approved methods.

The city's latest the .most up-to-dat e 111 outh Africa, made a favourable Imrre SlOn.

The Police Division, under Head Constable t · pect J at Police Headquarters where Lleu l. were nex inS ., Lansdown, South African Police, receIved the ll1Sp ectlllg' officer and visitors.

The main inspection was at the Y.1\1. C \. lIall 1.1 Chapel-street, where eig-ht di\ i .men, and cadets were drawn up under Dlstn ct Olllcer G. D. assisted by :\li Wood. .

The various Division gave a good dl play in first tid and stretcher \\'ork to the sati faclion of the inspe c 19" officer.

RHODE'IA.

Oi triel Officer \V. J. Ratall (Bulawayo) and J)i y. S t N G Ferris (Living-stone) have b en recommen ded f u P ' 1 ·s 'ce ;\ledal of The Order. -ome 21 memb ers or t 1e ervI (11' have been granted. en ire Chevrons for three years e '::Ien service. G ,the It is hoped to form a Blood <It Que Que after a le ct ur e 011 the subject has heen gl\en

The annual 'insptCliol1 of the South Helton Collie ry D · S JAB \\'a held la t month. Supt. T. i\la nn 1\ ISIOI1, .., ., _. _ , Ofli cer was in charge, the inspectil1!,{ officer beIng Count) P. S. Blunden.

3: Eo

B R C S '\1 benefit to tbe Derbyshire Branch of the ., Wl eXLent of £33-+ from the footbaIl match between Derb County and Heart of lidlothian, played last month at th e Derby' Baseball Ground.

'3: e

An archway of splints and bandages was b) d N 1'" DlVISI011 S members of the Paignton Ambulance an ursll :-,. Ethel at the wedding of Mr. Leslie Alfred I3urt 1\11ss Hopper, both of whom are members of the Bngade.

SOCIAL EVENTS.-The attention of the be attractive ly general public to your needs can arranged by purchasing copies of the poster adFlag Day and vertised in this Journal for your Samples will be sent on request . other acUV1Ues.

Priory for Wales.

BRIG.\f)E SL'RCEONS' CONFERENCE AT CARDIFF'.

Dr. D. RoC') n Jones, c. B. E., presided at the first conle rence of Brigade Surg-eons called since his appointment lS Surgeon-in-Chief for \Vales on unday morning, Seple mber 26th.

One of the matters which received close consideration vas the modification of the first aid contents of the individual h aversack carried by Brigade memhers, on which certain .ec oml1lendaLions of the Priory are due to be deb ate d at Ieadquarters.

The Chairman took the opportunity of referring to the \' arious point included in the brochure on the duties of B rigade urgcor.s compiled by the Surgeon-in-Chief of the B rigade at IIome, Or. Corbet Fletcher; and commended it for tudy by all surgeons.

The importance of A. R. P. work was emphasised; and ( )Cto rs who had not yet qualified were urged 10 attend the (o ur es arranged by the Chief Commi sioner in London or n:co g-nised Cour es in \\'ale

REFRESHER COURSE FOR \. R. P. INSTRU CTORS. All Grade 1 and Grade 2 Instructors, of whom there are 5-1-2 on the Priory register, and Brigade Surgeons of all ranks were invited to attend the week-end course in Air Raid Precautions on September 25th-26th.

By the kindness of the City CorpClration, the course was held in the City Hall, Cardiff; and the personal interest taken by the L0rd i\1ayor (Alderman Sir Herbert Hiles, B. E., J.P .), demonstrated by his attendance at certain lectures and generosity in entertaining- all the students to tea on both days, was a source of encouragement to the Brigade Officers who gave up a week-end, which happened to be favoured with particularly fine weather, in order to improve their capabilities as A R. P. Instructors.

The Priory Headquarter A. R. P. Staff Officer, Captain S. B. Turner, M. R. C. S., L. R. C. P., presided over the proceeding-s, which commenced at 2 p. m. on Saturday with an address from the Lord ':\Iayor, who extended a Civic welcome to the students and expressed good wishes for the success of

At the conclusion of the meeting it was unanimously Jec ided to hold a Conference annually on a Sunday morning i.l the Autumn at a place to be decided. The Chairman, \\ ho was thanked for com'ening and presiding at the meeting, \ a s supporled by his As istant Surgeon-in. Chief, Major A \' Anderson, 1\1. B., Ch. B.; and among those present \'e re :-Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, Comlllissioner for Cardiff; Dr J. 1. Wil on, Commissioner for Aberdare : Dr. S. B. 1 urner, Assistant Commis ioner for the Caerphilly County ,\ rea; Dr. C. Armstrong, Assistant Commissioner, Neath Co unty Area; County Surgeons Dr. E. Lewys-L1oyd, l\I erionethshire, Dr. E. J. H. Budge, Barry, Dr. G. L. P ierce, Aberdare, and Dr. ]. P. J. J enk in s, Griffithstown; ,\sst. County Surg-eon Dr. C. G. Mackay, Blackwood; Corps S urgeons Dr. A. 1. Robertson, Treharris, Dr. W. Bowen

O wen, 1\Iaesycwmmer, Divisional Surgeons Dr. R. J. S. Verity, Garndiffaith, Dr. H. H. Mathias, Tenby, Dr. T. C. Key, D owlais, Dr. J. W. Cooper, Kenfig Hill, Dr. W. Burnett e vans, Milford Haven, Dr. S. H. Pugh, Builth Wells, Dr. D. \\T. R. Thomas, Abercynon, Dr. C. A. Bence, a nd Dr. E. W. Hardman, Chepstow

the C'ourse. Dr. Turner \-vas assisted in the lectures by Dr. Tudor \Villi ams, Assistant Commissioner for the Pontypridd County Area, who attended an intensive COur e at the Ci\'ilian Anti-Gas School, Falfield, from Aug 23rd to Sept. 4th, and qualified for the First Class Instructor's Certifica te ; and Dr. Elliott T. Glenny, Medical Instructor appointed by the Home Office for the South '-'Vales ,-\rea, whose excellent lectures\\'ere greatly enjoyed By arrangement with the Chief Constable of Cardiff, Ir James A. \\'ilson, O.B.E., the majority of the students went through the Gas Van on the Sunday morning, Dr. R. Baird 1\1 iIne, A. R. P. Officer, Bridg-end, and District Corps, kindly taking charge of the demonstration.

Textbooks, including the recent valuable addition to R. P. liter at ur e, viz., ., Gas-A Synopsis of Defence Against," by Dr. John Fenton, were on sale; and Dr. Glenny illustrated his lecture on " Active Means of Collecti\'e Protection" with many interesting exhibits. Dr. Turner was particularly grateful, in dealing with the Organisation of a Decontamination Centre, for the loan of an exceIlent model designed and built by Corps Surgeon Dr. ]. P. Prell and Corps Secret ary D. J. Down, Neath County Area. TO

AID

chara-e for attendance was made and every st u de nt was supplied with a set of summar ies of the whic h detailed below for the benefit of those arranging co ur ses 10 their own localities :-

SATURDAY, 25TH.

2.30 -

3.30 -

3.20 p. m.-The History and General Facts about Gas Warfare. The Position of l'I1edical l\1en and First Aid Personnel. (Lecturer, Dr. Elliot T. Glenny) -LiS p.m.- 1ethods of Using Chemical Agents; Effects of \Veather. (Lecturer, Capt. S. B. Turner)

Tea Interval.

5.0 5.50

6.0 6.50

p. m.-Means of Personal Protection. (Lecturer, Dr. E. T. Glenny).

p. m. -Means of Collective Protection, Passive and Active. (Lecturer, Dr. E. T. Glenny).

Dinner Interval.

8.0 - 8.50 p.m.-War Gases (excluding Blister Gases) and their Effects. (Lecturer, Dr. Tudor Williams).

9.0 - 9.50 p. m.-First Aid and 1edical Treatmen.t of Gas Casualties, other than Blister Gases. (Lecturer, Captain S. B. Turner).

SEPTEMBER 26TH.

10.0 - 12.0 p m.-Gas Van Demonstration at Cardiff Corporation Western Sewerage Pumpina- Station, Penarth Road, Nr. Ely Bridge, Cardiff. (Attendance optiona l).

2.0 - 2.50 p.m.-Decontamination of 1aterial and Personnel. (Lecturer, Dr. Tudor Williams).

3.0 - 3.50 p. m.-Organisation of a Decontamination Centre and First Aid Post. (Lecturer, Captain S. B.

Tea Interval.

4.30 5.20 p. m. - Blister Gases and their Treatment. (Lecturer, Dr. Tudor Williams).

5.30 6.20 p. m.-H. E. and Incendiary Bombs, Treatment. (Lecturer, Captain S. B. Turner).

6.30 - 7.20 p.m.-Method of Instruction in Respirator Drill and Care of Respirator. (Lecturer, Dr. Tudor Williams). Supper Interval.

8.30 - 9.30 p.m.-Revision of all subjects taken in the Course. (By Captain S. B. Turner)

ABERAVON CORPS INSPECTION.

The village of Bryn witnessed an impressive parade of ambulance men, nurses, boy and girl cadets, representing every Division in the Aberavon Corps on Saturday, September 25th, when the annual inspection of the Co r ps was conducted by the Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief for Wales, Major A. W. Anderson, M. B., Ch. B., rmd Lady Lewis, O. B.E. (Asst. Lady Supt.-in-Chief for Wa les).

The Assistant Commissioner, Mr. Lemuel Jones, J P was in charge of the parade which assembled in the Welfare Ground after marching through the village headed by Cwmavon Silver Prize Band; and was assisted by County Officer D. Thomas and Corps Officer D. Pugh. At thfi! Welfare Ground the Mayor of Port Talbot, Alderman J. H. Jones, J. P., extended a civic reception to the Corps expressing his pleasure that the first at Bryn should be he ld

in h is yea r of office as layor, as he \,-as one of the original members of the Bryn Ambu lance He conclude.d his remarks with a tribute to the services of the ASS istant Commissioner, 1\1 r. Lemuel Jones, whom he congratu lated on attainina- h is eio-htieth birthday that day.

Major thanked the layor for his kind reception and after a close inspection and the march past both Lad): Lewis and himself were able to compliment the parade upon the shown.

Following tea a prog-ramme of ambulance competitions was carried o u t.

RESOLVEN DIVISIONAL COMPETITIONS.

It is the ambition of the Resol\'en Divi ion to mak e their annual competi,ions the best in South \Vales and th e contests, held on September 4th, show that they are progres ing towards that ideal.

The Di\'ision has been mo t fortunate. Irs. 1\Jary Jenkins generously donated the cup and h\'e pounds for t he Open :\lale Competition and the shield for the nurses. 111 addition 1\1r. Prvtherch, ,vho is g-reatly intcrc tcd in t hl' younger generati'on, has presented a cup for Boy Cadet s a nd another for Girl Cadets.

The Open Senior Competition \Vas judged by Sup t. Jefferies and Cal ps Officer Williams; the scene of t he accident being a football field.

Dyrrryn Amman "'ith 1 2 point ,,"on tl:e cup and thr ee pounds; Brecon Police were second and Rained the eco nd prize, two pounds. Nine competed. _

The individual test was Judg-ed bY;\l11h. Onlcer D . Evans, the winner being G. E\'ans, of Kenhg- Hill.

Lady Corrs Supts. Irs. E. Inrgan and E. were judges for the nurse' test and, br the thl.rd year I Resoh'en nurses were awarded the hleld.

The Girl Cadets were judged by Corps e cretar), \\ '. T. Richards and Corps Officer E. Harries, the winner be ing Dyffryn Amman.

Boy Cadets of Resolven, average age 12 year, won by a clear margin; the judge was Cadet upt. G. GO\\'\1lan.

Div. Supt. W. Thatcher presided at the. subsequ ent presentation meeting- and \\' ho reviewed that part of the competition In ,,\'I1Ich th ey officiated.

Mr. Vivian Jenkins, deputising for his mother ;\lrs. Mary J enkins who was unfortunately ill in hospit al, presented the trophies. Llewellyn presented th e medals to the Boy Cadets; and Lady Corps Supt. 1\lr5. J ones the medals to the Girl Cadets.

Work on the proposed headquarters of the Horsha m Division, S J .A. B., is to commence immediately. Alread y over £1,700 has beell raised, but a further £600 is still required.

Over 40 awards were presented to members of th e Wolverhampton L.M S. Ambulance class, at a meeting held on October 6th. Mr. S. Roberts, District Goods 1anager, presided.

At the annual inspection of the City of London Special Constabulary, tbe La d y Mayoress presented certi6cates , vo u chers, medallions and labels gained at the spring reexami n ation.

When you wr ite to any of our Adver ti sers kindly ment ion FIRST AID. It does n't cos t you a n yth ing a nd it pleases the Advert isers and Us

Railway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

The Centre Secretary's report of ambulance work on he Great Western Railway for the year ending June 30 \ 1937) shows that a record has been achieved in the number of successful students, no fewer than 7,783 me. l be rs of the staff having passed an examination dur ng the session, an increase of 263 over the previous year. Of this number 808 were certificate members, 61 more than in the past session. The" Athlone" Bowl, aw .. r ded to the Division gaining the highest percentage of rec ruits to total staff, was won by the Exeter Division with t he excellent percentage of 2.29, this being the second oeca io n on which Exeter has held the trophy. The Bristo l B Division were runners - up with a percentage of 1.80. The examination results of th e Centre for the past de" de arc shown in the accompanying table :-

r Certi - Vou c h e rs. Labels. Total ficate

of long service awards issued to date is as follows :-15 year gold medals, 2,607; 20 year gold bars, 1,195; 25 year gold medals, 514; 30 year gold bars, 129; 35 year gold bars, 25.

In recognition of exceptional services rendered to the ambulance movement over a long period of years, one member of the staff has been promoted to Officer (Brother) in the Order of St. J OM, and a number of others admitted to the Order in the grade of Serving Brother. A selected number of these had the honour of receiying their insignia at the hands of His 11aj esty the King at an Investiture of Coronation Honours held at Buckingham Palace on )'lay 25th. In addition to these admissions to the Order of St. John the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order has heen awarded to six members of the Company's staff for meritorious services to the cause.

\ sa tisfactory entry was again received in the annual com Ktit ion , III teams entering in Class 1J and 155 in CIa s 2, a total of 266 teams. A number of new teams foun t heir way into the list of prize winners, in the di\"lSio n a l con t es t s. At the final competition , the Cheltenham tea m won the premier all-line trophy, the Directors' shield, a nd N ewp o rt Street, as runners-up, the " Carve ll" Cup.

Th e Centre has b e en fortunate in receiving gifts of three further challenge trophies during the year. The Exete r Divisional uperintendent, Mr. R. W. Higgins, has p r es e nted a silver cup with the object of increasing mellbe rship in his Divsion, and )'1r. A. 'vV. H. Christison, Ne\\ [o n Abbot Loco. llPt., has given a new cup .for begl111e rS' competitions in the Plymouth and Exeter DlVisions, The Swindon Division has received, from an anOlly m Ous donor, a competition trophy for advanced teams, known as the" Coronation Cup."

Go ld, silver and bronze medals and a number of special f rame d certificate awards were issued by the Company in apprec iation of excellent work performed in actual accidents during- the previous year. Striking medical testimon} was afforded in many of the reports as to the effi cie ncy of the first aid treatment, and a feature of such work is the fact that a number of these accidents are on the ro ads.

A s in the past, the Company's long service awards contm ue to be a strong incentive to the maintenance of fir st a id knowledge. No fewer than 365 members of the staff qualified for the 15 years' gold medal, 193 for the 20 ye ar bar, 92 for the quarter century medal, 29 for the 30 yea r bar and 17 for the 35 year bar. The total number

EWPORT HIGH STREET.-The annual social and distribu t i on of awards to members of the Newport High Street class took place on September 20th, when Mr. ,v. E. Baines, Loco. Supt., presided. The Mayor of ewport, Alderman I. C. Vincent, who presented a number of gold medals and bars for first aid efficiency, referred to ambulance workers as "a cheerful lot of fellows ," and gave personal testimony of the value of their work. Presentations of examination awards were m a de by Mr. S. G. Hearn, Asst. Traffic Supt., and 1\1r. U. C. Harrison , Docks Engineer. Among other speakers were the D e puty Commissioner for \Vales, Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge, and Dr. S. McCormac, Commissioner for N ewp o rt, who appealed for further recruits to the movement. The Chief Constable of ewport, Mr. W. H. Robinson expressed the opinion that in no t\yO services was ambulance work more essential than on the railways and the police service. Presentations were made on behalf of the class to Dr. \"1. Verner (lecturer), Mr. C. H. Hopkins (instructor) and 11r. ·'V. T. Lewis (secretary).

SwnmoN.-The annual meeting of the Swindon ambulance classes was held at the Staff Association Institute on September 19th, under the presidency of Mr. J. Auld, Principal Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, when Mr. L. G. Bretsch, Divisional Ambulance Secretary, presented his report for the previous session. An increase of 39 was shown in successful examinees over the former year. In the Divisional competitions 10 teams entered, Dr. M. Behr being the adjudicator. Mr. J. Dixon's t<.'am (advanced class) qualified for the final competition for the Directors' shield.

As a result of a recommendation by the Central Committee, 1Ir. Bretsch had been elected a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John, and the Committee welcomed the opportunity of placing on record their appreciation of his services as Divisional Secretary for upwards of 15 years.

LAMPETER.-The Lampeter ambulance class held their annual dinner at the Black Lion Hotel on September 10th, when the 1Iayor, Alderman E. Lloyd, presided, accompanied by the Mayoress. others present were Mr. Charles Evans, J.P., Mr. J. VV. Enser, District Traffic

FIRST

Manager, and 11r. T. C. Hodson, secretar\'. Examination awards were dlstnbuted dunl1g the everling, and Ir. Evans presented his challenge trophy to the Lampeter competition team

London, Mid land and Scottish.

BR01fSGROVE.-At a recent meeting-, 1\1r. T L. \Yilliam prc ell ted the award g-ained during; the ea on. con i ted of 13 labels, 1 medallIon,. 5 vouchers, 6 certificates and a gold medal to 1\Ir. T. Pnce for 13 years' sen-ice.

GLOCCE TER.- ix teams competed for the" Dr. G.ee" cup, opcn to memher of the Glouce ter L.)'LS. Combllled Ambulance Corp. held on Sat.urday, September 11 tho

The judges were Dr. J. .(team) and J. F. H. tallman (individual), their mark lOgS placed E team (\\T. \V. \Vatt (captain), ,V. 1\leek, H. J. Bennett and A. C. Oakley) first, followed by "D" team (last year's winners), and "A" team, third.

The ),Iayor of Gloucester presented the. cup to the winner, whil t the 1\Iayoress presented pnzes :0 the second and third teams and to G. .and T. \\ orrall, fir t and second re pectiYely in the mdlVidual work, also to A. J. Alli, on " ' inner in the novices' class.

1Ir. H. T. pre ided and \Va supported by many inAuential town personages.

),IELTOX 1Io\\'BR."y.-The annual and presentation of awards \\'as held on September 11th. 11r. H. Penny pre ided and the following- officials were President, )'1r. H. Penny; "ice-president, Mr. Robmson; ecretary, 11r. 11. T. Aitken; instructor, 1\Ir. J. T. Forster; as istant in tructor, l\Ir. R. Hammond.

SPRIXGS DRAxcH.-Six certificates, two vouchers, one medallion and 22 labels were at t?e recent Presentation Tight held under the chalfmanshlp of Mr. T. Keary.

Tribute was paid by 1\1r. R. Jones to 1\1r. R. Hart (Hon. Sec.), for his untiring efforts on behalf of the class, and these sentiments were supported by 1\1essrs. R. Foster and J. B. Powell.

Lon don and North Eastern.

The second Annual Dinner promoted by the N.E:R. Police (York class) in connectio.n with of the 1936-37 awards was held m the Rallway Cafe on October 5th, and attended by the members, the1r wives and friends.

1\1r. T. C. Bateman, Div. Police Supt.,. preslded, and welcomed Col. H. S. Cole (Cbief of Pollce) and Mrs. Cole. d

The Chairman congratulated the members. and them to ohtain as many new members as poss1ble dunng the coming session.

Sl1Pt. Bateman then drew attention to the fact that unlike the other fi\'e districts in the :t-:Jorth-EGl;ste:n Area, York had n,) prize for the runners-?p m the plstnct Comp et ition, and had ther.efore taken 1t upon hImself to purchase a silyer cup \\'h1ch he asked Col. Cole to hand over to the Centre ecretary. Supt. Bateman was thanked for his generous gift.

'Co l. Cole congratulated the members on their 100

AID

per cent. pass and also on their winning- the York Distric t Shield and the" Hornsby" Challenge Cup, and presenteci the awards as follows: 1 certificate, 2 vouchcr and 18 labels.

M1'. Cooper) entre ecrelary, tha.nked Col. Cole and on behalf of the Diyisional General Manager prlented long sen-ice gold medals to 1\le r.]. Sutton and W. H. Harri on, and a 20 years' gold bar to i\Ir. P. Watts.

A ncw cIa s was formed at Pickering- during the 1936-37 session and the members 'were presented with th eir award at the tation by the urgcon Lecturer, Dr. T. J. on September 28th, consisting of :) certificates, 3 youchers 3 medallion and 5 labeL.

1\1r. 'E. Tindall Master) pre idee! and sai d how plea ed he wa that 14- mcmhers had hcen succcs f ul in satisfvin o the examiner, hut on the other ha.nd regr 'Ue el e\'era1 haJ" not prc ented thcm l'hes ior cxaminati( 1 as the class commcnced the se ion \\ ith a mcmber. h I oj 30. On behalf of the members he thanked Dr. 11m for his painstaking lectures which had bcen Rrcat1) ap preciated.

Dr. l\Iuir, in replying, aid the 'ess ion had he 11 a O'reat ucce and he was very g-ratef ul to 1\1r. J. G. Hansell, who \Ya a yery enthu tic and capable ins tructor, and on behalf of the member pre cntcci illr. IIan se ll with a fountain pen.

1\Ir. Hansell, in returning thanks, said he \\ a always pleased to do all he 'Possibly could to further the an c of first aid.

It was decided to continue the cIa s ciurin <" the 1937-38 session, and Dr. 1\luir readily agreed to i-,i\c a series of lcctures.

1\1r. Hansell will conlinue a'i ('lac;.;; Stnclar) and Instructor.

The presentation of the Eag-ll' eli fie class award tJuk place at the Railway Hotel, Yarm, on 28t h. before a very 1arg-e company of memher their wive and friends.

1\1r. L. E. l\Iarr, Di trict Goods Manager, occ tlpic.c1 the chair and after congTat111ating the lllC'mbers on. 100 per cent. pa s called upon illr. T. B. lIare, DI trtcl SupL and District Pre ident, to prescnt the a\\ arcb, '0 11sisting of 1 voucher, 3 .mcdallions and 1-+ 1abe.L.

Mr. Hare, as PreSident of hoth the DarllngtOl : 1\Iiddlesbrough districts took tbe opportunity of u rgIng the :Nliddlesbrolwh district to obtain all thc new lllem bC' r they could during the coming session. I. am not C0111plaining," said 11r. Hare, hut as PreSIdent of l!ot h districts I have noticed from thc n : porls that the ton district has been more succe sf uI, and J hope you m}1 do your best to equal them and cyen improve on theIr figures."

1\Ir. Hare, on behalf of the class membcrs presc!l!ed to Dr. W. Sacco a revolving pencil as a small recog m tlOl1 of his valuable services. In returnil1R thanks the :poctor said how delighted and honoured he was to aSSIst the members in their knowledge of fir t aid which was nerer more necessary than to-day. .

The Centre Secretary, Mr. gave hIS u:l1fl, report in regard to the 1936/37 sessIOn whIch was gre at ) appreciated owing to the that the sess!on under review had created a record S1!1ce the formatlOll of the Centre in 1895.

and was attended hy a large number of members, their wives and friends.

The proceedings opened with a concert.

The hairll1an, Mr. T. Maddison, said how sorry he \\as Mr. Wells lIood) the Works Manager, and Dr. C. D. \Vilson, the class lecturer) were unable to be present) but ;].s. ured all that they had the bcst wi hes from both these ,;(' ntleme11 for the future welfare of the class.

The Chairman then called upon the Centre Secretary, ;-" f1'. S. Coopcr, to present the awards as follows :-12 cer! ificates, 9 vouchers, 6 medallions, and 46 labels.

1\f r. 'ooper thanked all concerned for the excellent 'C'iults and hopeel that they would shew eye11 better results 11 the 1937/38 se ion.

On hehalf of the Di\ isiona1 General Manager, Mr. C. ill. Jenkin Jones, )'1r. Cooper presented the long service :.( olcl medal to )'fr. T. Mac1c1i on, and the 25 year gold hal' tf) )'Tr. J. Long-.

;\f r. C(;oJll.:r al'o in formed the company present that had nm\ been agTcc:cl by the t. John Ambulancc \sociatioJ1, for and female to attend the same la<; for instructlon purpo e but for the practical work th e cxcsholllcl he kept cparate, and hoped that thi \\ mJ1d re ult in an increa ed memher hip to our classes.

\ftcr the prescntation, light refre hmcnts were pr O\ Idcd. followcd by a dance.

The annual ,ocial evening in connection with the pre. entation of the Heaton Junction class awards was (' lei in the School Room, Church of the Divinc Unity, Tcwca 'tie, on 'ptemher 22nd, at which a large 1111mber (,i mcmhcr_', their \\I\C and friends attended.

Thc open cd with a \\'hi t Driye and for who could not or did not \\ i, h to take part, a unique fuc. sing· competition \\ a' arranged.

::'fr. \Y. Durn. la Chairman, occupied the chair an d callc.:d UJlOJ1 r. II. Hills. the District Engineer, ·( \\c,l'>tle. to pre'>ull the award a follow :-3 certifica LS. 3 \ ouchers .2 medallions, and 28 labels.

:'Ilr. TTtlls congratulaled the memher on their success .[11 d appcalcd to those pre ent who had not a knowledge (.f fir't-aid to JOIn the IIeaton class \\ here they would rn'l l\'L a hear! v \\ l'kome.

Coullcillor' J. R. T.P., ahl) supported 11r. H tlls and stresed the importclnce of a knowledge of hr t-aid and abo thanked Dr. IT. P. Harlan for hi a luahle en icc a' clas lecturer.

),fr. Hill prc entcci thc c. Burns" Cup to l\Ir. G. W. last lc \\ ho had heell elected the be t fir t aider during hl vear.

\lr. A. E. Arm trollg-, District. ecretary. on behalf III the memher , pre 'c nled Mr. J. For ter, the class secreny with all oak chiming- clock in appreciation of hi Ll'\' ices to the clas

?\Ir. S. Coopcr. Centrc ecretary, gave a very Iltc re ting report in regard to thc activities in the orth a tern Area during the 1936/37 se sion, which he said )J1 titutccl a record illcc the formation of the Centre in 1895.

1\1r. Cooper pre 'ented the Company's long service !,.o ld medal to [r. W. Wallace who had been successful III pas ing- 15 examinalions.

Mr. George Keys, District Chairman and Mr. A. \V right, Class Instructor, supported the speakers on the pla tform.

A very enjoyable evening \,vas brought to a close by a supper and dance. The arrangements were 111 the able 1an ds of the class secretary, Mr. J. Forster.

AID 95

Residents' Hall on September 21st in connection with the presentation of awards.

The proceedings opened with a dance and during the evening Mr. C. Murray, Works Manager and President of the class, appealed to all present, and especially the younger ones) to take advantage of the facilities afforded by the Railway Company, and join the Walker Gate class during the coming session, and said he would not be satisfied until the whole of the men employed at Walker Gate had obtained a knowledge of first-aid.

Mrs. Murray was then called upon to pre ent the awards, consisting of 4 vouchers, 2 medallions, and 29 labels, which she performed in her usual pleasing manner.

Dr. C. E. Stainthorpe, Class Lecturer, then rose amid applause and after congratulating the member on their 100 per cent. succe s, pre ented his cup to )..tIr. J. Lonsdale, the captain of the best six teams who had competed.

1\1r. S. Cooper) Centre Secretary, gave an excellent report of the 1936/37 session, and thanked all who had ted in making the year a record one.

1\1r. Cooper presented the Railway Company's LongService Gold 1\ledal to 11r. S. Clark and 11r. J. Le J eune. The arrangements were in the able hands of Mr. T. Haugb, Class ecretary.

Southern.

INE EU'1s.-A very enjoyable evening was organised at Nine Elms recently, the occasion being the ambulance concert and presentation of awards.

Mr. l\Iarshall (Good Agent) presided and was supported by 1\1rs. Mar hall. Officials of the Company, together with representatives from classes in the di trict.

During an interyai )'lrs. 1\1arshall very kindly presented the a wards and wa herself presented with a handsome bouquet on behalf of the members of the class.

1\11'. im (Clas ecretary) thanked 11r. and Mrs. )'Iar hall for attending' the function.

PORT 1IOUTH.-A pleasant musical evelllng wa_ organi cd recently at Portsmouth, at which member of the staff were pre en ted with their ambulance award by 11r. F. England. )'1r. England said it gave him much pleasure to distribute certificates, etc., to First Aiders in the Port mouth di trict, and was pleased to see that there were one or two old tagers among the recipients.

I\'1 r. E. 1Iontague acted as Chairman at the function.

\VnmsoR.- The presentation of ambulance awards to the successful members of the Windsor clas was well patronised by all interested in the 1\Io,'ement.

Among those who attended was Dr. Osborne (Lecturer to the class), 1\Ir Reeves (Station Master \Vindsor) and 1\1rs Reeves, l\lr. Toze ( tation Master, Virginia Water) and 1\1rs. Toze, Mr. 1akepeace, and 1\1r. H. Barrow Guildford (District Secretary).

Mr. Reeves spoke highly of the progre s made during the past session) but he hoped to see more recruits coming forward this year, and, to give the men a lead, proposed to become a member of the first-aid class himself.

T1H'rc was a large gathering In the Walkerville

The presentation of the Darlington Works class awards took place in the Co-operatlve Larg Hall, Priestgate, Darlington, on Friday, Septem hcr 3rd;

FIRST AID

This is the first function that the members of the Windsor Ambulance Class have organised, and it is hoped it will be the forerunner of many successful social evenings.

SOUTHA)IPTON DocKs.-lIembers of the Southampton Docks Clas es met in the Recreation Room at the Docks Fire Station last month to receive the awards gained at a recent first-aid examination.

1\1r. R. P. Biddle (Docks and Marine Manager) presented the awards and was supported by Dr. H. C. Attwood (Hon. Class Lecturer), Mr. H. A. Short (Asst. Docks and Marine Manager), Mr. S. C. Baker (representing Capt. Harvey, Dockmaster), Mr. M. Jones (Fire Brigade Supt.), Mr. H. Ings, Mr. F. C. \Vren, Mr. P. Donohoe and others. 1\1r. E. Uzzell (Chairman of the Docks Committee) presided.

After presenting the awards Mr. Biddle thanked Dr. Attwood for his interest and continued support. Thanks were also extended to Mr. S. J. Baker (Class Secretary and Instructor).

Mr. Biddle commented on the excellent work which had been performed and expressed his keen interest in the ambulance movement in the Docks. He also mentioned the new " Sir Herbert \Valker" shield and expressed the desire to see it in the possession of the Docks Centre.

Dr. Attwood, replying on behalf of himself and the officials, stated that the greatest reward he could have for his work in the cause of First-Aid would be for the members to continue to get 100 per cent. passes at exa minations.

The Mechanical Engineer's Departm ent team gave an interestino- demonstration of competition work.

Mr. Biddle promised to give a trophy to be competed for by' the Fire Brigade members, the manner of the competition to be arranged by the Docks Ambulance Committee.

FELTHA1I'L-First Aiders in the Feltham District received their awards at the hands of Mrs. E. S. Moore (wife of the Western Divl. Loco. Running Supt.) after a year of very successful work.

Mr. Barrow, the District Secretary, in introducing 1\lrs. Moore, extended from the Feltham Class a hearty welcome to all the visitors, and congratulated the Feltham Class upon its organisation. He said that the function they were attending that evening was the first of that nature and had been sponsored in the Feltham district and he complimented the members of the class upon its success. They had a fine Secretary in Mr. Upton , and a fine Committee.

Mr. Upton proposed a vote of thanks to Mrs. Moore and to the visitors who had given their support to the function. He thanked also the class for its loyalty both in competitions and in the class-room, and the members of the Committee for their ever ready help.

Mrs. Moore, who was presented with a bouquet by Miss D. Upton, congratulated the winners of awards and appealed for even greater enthusiasm. Mr. Moore also stressed the value of ambulance work, and expressed the hope that more would be heard of teams from Feltham in the future.

The Table IT of War Gases which appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/ -. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4·

LJ p-to-date First Aid. *

By CAPTAIN A. C. WHITE K OX, M.C., M.B. .-lss/stant Commission e r (Prince 0/ rVales's) Dis/rict .].A.B., and a tlz e Textbook Re7.'/S [·on COlli III i/let' , ].A 1.

ON the eve of the publication of the latest editio n of the Textbook of the St. John Am bu lance Ass ociation I am permitted to make some regarding changes and addition which will be fou nl in the book; and to refer to a further publicati on which will deal with more advanced methods of treatment capable of being applied under favoura ble circumstances.

The Association is responsible for the train ing of large numbers of men and women in first 'lid year by year, and natu rally much thought has bc: en given by them to produce a Textbook which will provide a sane method of teaching to the mass e')

In all the numbers of people who have acquir ed a knowledge of first aid, there are a few who h ave a real knowledge of the science of the work and can apply their knowledge really efficiently in allY emergency. There are some who by thei r nat ural care and attention can be relied on at least no t to aggravate an injury; and there are many ,\ ho, from lack of continuous application to the stud) of the subject and with the idea that they can h dd through the years the knowledge at one time attained, are liable to apply any but the simpl est methods of treatment, in the most hapha zard manner.

POPULAR INSTRUCTION.

For the reason therefore that first aid for the masses must be readily understandable and ap plicable, the Textbook strictly adheres to the idea that it is limited to the assistance rendered at the time of the emergency with such material as may be available.

Knowledge of this type produces a fun damental basis on which can he built, by those who have the inclination and ability, further knowle dge for the specialised treatment of certai n conditi ons peculiar to certain industries, under favoura b1e circumstances and with suitable appliances.

Havi ng em phasised the reasons of the Assoc iation for adhering to the simplest methods of fir st aid treatment, I will give some of the reasons for changes which have been made, and which alw a)s must be made during the progress of the years.

SHOCK.

The condition called "shock" or " surgi cal shock" is, as we all know, present in all cases of accident or sudden t1lness, and may be so aggra va -

*Extract of a paper given at the National Safety Congress, on Friday, October 8th, 1937

ted as in many cases to caU'le death when the ori g inal condition would not have been fatal to the pa tie nt.

For this reason a chapter dealing with shock has been introduced at the beginning of the book des c ribing the condition more in detail, explaining the re asons why it may be aggravated, and stressing t he importance of its efficient treatment in all caS tS , both "immediate" and "on arrival at she lt er." The first-aider must learn to realise that the e fficient treatment of shock is essential before the p, atien t is removed from tern porary shel ter to hos ) Ital or home. There may be some exceptions to this rule but it is a safe one to abide by.

DR SSING <; AND A. TI EPTICS.

Dressings have received a chapter to themseh s, are described under dry dressings and wet dreSS Ings, and better descriptions given of the wet ype of dressings, and the methods of application o f all.

fhe time has now come when the idea of iodir e as the accepted antiseptic in first aid must be s rio usly challenaed.

[he re can be no doubt that its antiseptic action on the ski n is defi n itel y accepted. Operati ng the d re technique has shown this to be an accepted fact but its action in the presence of the blood and 'e bris of a wound is by no means so effective' and prlr t from the discomfort associated with use is doubtful if it has much antiseptic action und l those conditions.

, 'h ere are now numerous antiseptics on th'e mar k t, wh ich are eq uall y efficient both on the skin an d in the wound in presence of blood and ser urr.

It is not the idea of the Association to tie first aid e down to the use of any particular antiseptic. In f they eXl?ress.ly refrain from mentioning any Iet ary antiseptiC, but they do give a description )f the types preferred, and expect first aiders to u ." these types in preference to others. any organised body of first aiders wish to a special antiseptic of this type, it will be qUIt e si mple for them to do so.

FR A( TURES.

T he description of fractures has been helped by the use of X-ray pictures portraying actual fract Lre s and also dislocations.

A n excellent picture is shown of a fracture dIslo cation of the cervical vertebrae (a broken neck) an? refe rence to this at once raises the question of spIna l injury, and the method of transport of this type o f case.

T he opinIons of numerous orthopaedic Surgeo ns, radiologists and hospitals, have been taken on this subject, and the most acute diveraenCes o f opinion have been found. b

T he old trou ole of getting a surgical expert to

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r e ali s e the limitations of th e ordinary man i n the street is still evident. There are st ill people of who will not allow that any other method but their own is right; a very common and natura l idea but one which often leads to confusion .

,How often have we general practitioners suffered from the fixed ideas of the expe r t? A few years ago it was a l most a crime to walk about with tonsils in your throat. They had to come out for every conceivable kind of disease Now the same expert insists that the poor tonsi l must in s£tu almost, again, whatever the condition present. In spite of these extreme views the s.ane man goes along a middle path and usually arrives more safely at his journey's end.

Following these lines and considering all ideas submitted, the Association has modified the old treatment of fracture of the spine and the textbook describes a new method of face -downwards transport in certain cases where the patient is conscious, but cannot move one or both legs of his own accord, or has no sensation in them, while retaining the use of his arms

The method of getting the patient on the stretcher we hope is the least likely to aggravate the condition and will give expert teams grand practice in a new stretcher exercise.

The chapters on snake-bite and hydrophobia have been brought up to date on suggestions by Dr. Ham il ton Fairley and a somewhat unfirst-aidlike portion of the treatment has been removed.

\Ve have reverted, in consultation with the Ro y al Life Saving Society, to the original Schafer's method of artificial respiration and brought back into the body of the book, for s pecial cases, Si Iv ester's method.

Poisons have been regrouped in a slightly different manner, which I think will make it easier for the first aid student to remember.

S C ALDS AND BUR S

Scalds and burns have a s o mewhat modified treatment. This method, I since r ely believe, wi ll O'et the patient to the hospital in a better state to the more elabo r ate type of tann ic acid treatment and so be the means of reduc i ng the unfortunate mortality from this type of acciden t. Here again a sane ana l ysis of the conditions leading up to the application of the treatmen t , has made it obvious that the tannic acid treatme nt definitely falls into the catego r y which I sha ll ment ion in a moment and is too e laborate i n character to fu lfi l the definition of " fi rst aid" laid down at the beginning of the book.

A little more detail has been given for the " Approach to" and" Exa m ination of" a patient, and I think this will clarif y in the firs t aider's eyes, the doubtful points which seem to have surro u nded the subject,

I can see great joy i n t h e c o m pet it ion team s' ca m p s at ha v in g a defin it e r o u t in e lai d down o n this subject.

The new R.A. M C stretcher dri ll has bee n fa i rly c lose l y adhe red to, and a ll through the boo k , w h e rever possible, photographs have repla ce d sketches .

F ur ther appe n dices have been added and will serve as a link with the m ore ad\ anced book wh ic h the Association wi ll pub l ish at a later date for th e benefit of t hose working in well-fitted first ai d rooms with more elaborate types of appliance s.

FIRST AID L SP E CIAL INDU TRIE

I t is now recogn ised that varyi ng i nd ustri es have certain injuries associated with their wor ki ng which require a more elaborate method of tre atment, and the Association is now collectin g '.i1 1 available information from Government tions and pam phlets pu bl ished by the Ho me Office; and will also take the advice of exp ert s o f the various industries concerned.

Already a skeleton layout is in existen ce, an d there is no doubt that a common stand ard of treatment can be laid down for most i ndustri es an d special reference made to special ised cases.

At the present moment, in most cases i n the first aid rooms o( Industr y , where there is n o trained nurse present, there is someone wh o has a first aid certificate and who, by special coach in g by the Industry ' ;:; doctor has ::tttained a stand ar d of knowledge suitable for his particular work.

That standard must obviously vary t o th e detriment or otherwise of the patients treat ed , a fixed standard of knowledge, as shown, first by th e holding of First Aid and Home N ursing cates, and, secondly, by the holding of an advan ced First Aid Certificate a ained after attendin g th e special course of lectures, based on the book to be published, and passing the req uI sit e examination required by the St. John Association, wi l l undoubtedly give a feelin g of securi ty to those concerned with the welfar e of their workers.

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THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

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T H E Y O UN G WIFE and the experienced married woman will End all they want to know made clear.

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Dieting for Disease

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Treatment for all Skin Diseases

How to read Symptoms

The Lungs

Pleurisy

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

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Invalid Cookery

Surgical Diseases

Brain and Nervous Diseases

Diseases of Old Age

Diseases of Infancy

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Shingled and Bobbed Hair

Diseases of Hair and Head

Adenoids

Sleep, Beds and Bedding

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The Throat, the Nose

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Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE SISTER.

No.1 DISTRICT, S. J .A B.

Her many friends will have learned with r eg-ret of the death of Lady Divisional Superintendent Miss Ethel StanfordCampbell, who passed away peacefully at Harrow on September 10th after a long illness

A Requiem was said at St. Peter's, "Vest Harrow, on Monday, September 13th, which was attended hy District Officer F. Claridge and Lady District Officer Lady 10untgarret, representing \\'estern Area, Officers and memhers from No. 22 (Harrow) and 18 (\\ hitehall) Nursing Divisions, Lady Dh·. Supt. liss Baxter and Mrs. Barker, representing the Lady Hospitallers' Club. Corps Officer C. W. Licence took part in the service, following which cars took the congregation to Golders Green Crematorium.

Miss Stanford - Campbell joined the Brigade in Dublin in 1910. Silt served in various capacilies during the Great "Var, and was promoted to Lady Di\,. Superintendent of Clontarf Nursing Division in 1916, soon after being appointed to the Orthopcedic Hospital V.A. D. in Dublin. During the Easter Rebellion in Dublin in that year she carried on under machine gun fire and other perils.

In 1924- l\liss Stanford-Campbell was transferred to London, and was attached to No. 22 (Harrow) Nursing Division, where she remained until 1928, when she took charge of 18 (Whitehall) Nursing Division, in which post she carried on with credit until failing health compelled her to retire from active Brigade service.

She will be well remembered by all who came in contact with her for her thoroughness, cheerfulness and patience, and for the efficiency of the units under her control.

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J,A.B.

The "Twiss" Rose Bowl which was presented for competition in 1909, was competed for at Southampton on Septem ber 25th, when five teams entered.

Competitors were called upon to treat a boy who had fallen from an upstairs WIndow and had sustained concussion, fractured left tibia and fractured right clavicle. They were judg-ed by Drs. Infield, Hearn Parry and Green, and Miss Sellars (Matron of the Children's Hospital, Southampton).

The Bowl and medals were presented to the winners, a team from Calmore, by the Mayoress, who was accompanied by the Mayor, Aldt::rman H. Chick. The runner-up was Meyrick, with Southampton third The other tf'ams came from Southbourne and Bournemouth.

Both the Mayor and Mayoress spoke of the good work done by members of the Brigade, which did not receive the notice it deserved.

Thanks to the judges for their services were proposed by the Mayor, and in reply Dr. Infield urged that first aid should be taught in all schools, not as a voluntary but as a com pulsory su bje ct.

Dr. Bigby proposed a vott: of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress for their visit, and commenting on the St. John work in connection with Air Raid Precautions, said he wished that that Corporation took as much interest in this as did the Mayor.

No.4 DISTRICT, S.lA.B.

In the course of an address to the Nursing units of No.

1 Area at the Annual Review, Lady District Superintend ent Irs. Tweedale, C. B. E., said how proud she was of the nurses and ca d ets under her charge. he hop d they we re all doing their best to carry out the motto of their Ord er by an example of service to mankind in their work, their hom e and their lives generally, and that each and all of them \\'ou lu endeavour to bring others into their great mo\·emenl. It was difficult to-day to get new recruits.

1\ 1rs. Tweedale spoke of the success of the T ursi l1l{ Camp at Rossall' but reg-retted that more members from their own District had not been able to attend. Thos e who were able to do so had had a great experience, member s being present from all parts of the country as well as from Northern Ireland, the Iri II Free State, Wale and Can ad.L The camp spirit and atmo phere was wonderful, and she hoped that another year more of them wuuld be abl to enjoy the benefits.

One of the features she mentioned was the sple nJid response to an appeal made at a drumhead s n ice on bchalt of the St. John Opthalmic Hospital at J eru alem. It was not generally aprreciated that the Order of t. John maintained a fine hospital there with clinic at Bethlehem anu Nazareth, which were doing particularly good work in the treatment of eye diseases so common in that part of the world.

She concluded with an appeal for continued loyal t} and service, and wished them the best of luck in their work

No.5 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

• \VORSBOROUGH AND DISTRICT TURSINC DI\ ISIO:-': .Laul Supt. Mrs Hilda Beverley and Lady Cadet upl. Florence Marsland have received many cong-ratulation s on being among the first to receive the V A. D. brooch. T lis is awarded to mobile members only, and on the compl etIOn of twelve years' efficient service, WIth training very third year at a military hospital.

From this Division after a course of instructi on at Rossall Camp in August, Lady Cadet Supt. l\'liss larsllnd has obtained a Grade 1 A. R. P. Certiflcate, and Amb. Si ster Mrs. Horne a Grade 2 Certificate. Lady Ambul ance Officer Mrs. Hammerton also passed in the same subjec t.

No. 6 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.

WlTHERNSEA URSING OrVISION.-At a meeting of this Division, County Commissioner W. T. Atkinson pre seny:·d Mrs. W. Shipstone with a framed certificate of her app 01l1tment of Lady Divisional President.

.

He said how very pleased he was to renew the aqu al ntance of an old rrember of the St. J ohn Ambu lance Bri gade who had done much hospital work in Hull and Whi tby during the wa r.

County Officer H. Bartrop presented A R. P. certiflc ates to Lady Supt. Mrs Stephenson and Ambulance Sisters ;\. Boyce, A. Brant, N. Dalton, Nora Dalton, A Fowle r, J. Lee, S. Scott, and E. Train. d

It was stated that the Withernsea Nursing Division ha attended 427 cases during the summer.

B.R.C.S MEETING AT HORNSEy.- T he British Red

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Cro s Society is as much a peace-time as a war-time organisation.

This point was stressed by Lieut.-General Sir Geor o e Cory, B. R. C. S. Director for liddlesex, when he a women's meeting at the Hornsey Central Hospital on Thursday afternoon, Septem ber 23rd, arranged for the purpose of increasing the membership of the Homsey detachment, and arousing interest in courses of lectures on first aid to be held at I uswell Hill.

. Sir George Cory, who was introduced by l\lrs. VV. J. Gnms?aw, the Duputy layoress, who presided, said that the ?bJects of the British Red Cross Society were the promotlOn of health, the prevention of diseases and the mitigation of suffering. He described how members who become qualified in first aid and home nursing could help in hospitals, give assistance in cases of accident, and perform valuable home nursing service for sick wives in poor districts.

The work Red Cross members could do in the event of war was outlined by Dr. R. P. Garro\v, l\ledical Officer of Healtl: for Homsey. He said what the Homsey Town CouncIl had done with regard to precautions aO'ainst gas attacks from the air existed very largely at present on paper. A scheme had been worked out, but he did not belIeve they had anything like the personnel required to carry out the scheme. l\len and women were needed women through the Red Cross to form detachments to staff first aid posts and to render first aid and give medical attention. It might be asked, "How many would be required? II No one could answer that question. He thought that the more qualified workers they had the better. no one could say what was going to happen in a time of emergency.

ISLE OF \VIGHT BRANCH, B.R.C.S. - H.R.H. Princes s Beatrice, Governor of the Island, attended the Annual ;\leeting of the Isle of Wight Branch, held in Newport Drill Hall, on September 24th, in her capacity of President, amI presented cups and badges. She was received by the Deputy President, Lady Seely, and Capt. H. ]. Ward, J.P., D. L., County Director. There was a full parade of members.

Alderman F. E. vVhitcher, J. P., of Newport, who was in the chair, extended a welcome to the Princess, who in her report mentioned that during the past year good work had been done, and that the study of first aid, home nursing and air raid precautions had gone steadily forward. There were 87 V.A. D. nurses who had gained certificates, and 28 certificates had been awarded for efficient service. At Shanklin the first aid post had dealt with 430 cases, while the medical service depot at West Wight continued to give excellent service.

A junior competition held for the first time was won by a team from Newport, East Cowes being spcond.

The Annual Report stated that ;6359 was collected on Red Cross Day, and subscriptions amounted to £23 2s. 6d.

The ambulance stationed at Newport travelled 9,500 miles with 187 patients, of which three were road accidents and 37 were either taken or brought from London and mainland. Thanks were tendered to Miss Long, the Officer in Charge, Mr. F. Cheverton, and Driver . lortimer. The May, Lady Tennyson ambulance service carried 186 cases and had travelled 10,960 miles, including 32 journeys to the mainland.

Ultra-violet ray equipment and other electro-medical apparatus had been purchased with the £50 donation given by Mrs. West, and was very useful in giving treatment not previously possible.

It was mentioned in the \Vest Wight report that eight V.A. D. 's had attended at Weston Manor and twice assisted

All)

t;1e medical onlcers of health on the occasion of the inocula_ tion of the BasLlue girl refugees, and their help was greatly appreciated.

Items, Divisional news and competitions, social interesting duties, I ctures, etc.), for this page SllOUld be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon _ Sl reet, London, E. C. 4.

Coming Events.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or for th coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

o TOBER.

20.-Investiture by H. R. H. the Duke of Kent, Prior of thl! Priory for vVales, at General As em bly Presentation of Standard La Brigaue in "Vales by H. R. H the Duchess of Kent, Lady Superintendent-in-Chi ef for "'Tales.

23.-Hospitallers' Club Annual Dance, Cora IIotel, Lon don.

27.-Talk, "Accidents , lllne s and ammon Sen e by Pte. D. Jones, St. George's Ilall, Old Kent-road, S. C1, 8 p.m.

28. -Annual Dinner, :\0. 114 (Londoll Tram ) Oi\ i ion, S.J. A. B., Feathers Hotel, \\'estmini ter.

30. -East Ham and In ter-District ,\111 bulance Com peti tlll1.

30.-NantY1l10el Division, S.J \. B. first annual open com· petition.

30 & 31.-AII-England A.R P. C o urse, .J.A . B., Greal Central Hotel, London.

:\ 0\ £:'113 EH.

G.-l\leeting, Lady Ho pitaller' Club Northam pton Institute.

8-13. - British Red Cro::.s So c ie ty Oni cer:,' Tr a in ing \\' eek.

12. - Hospitallers' Club :\leeting, Bonnington lI otel, London.

13. - Annual Competition, Redbridge Centre, Sout h'rtl Railway, Southampton.

20. - Eastern Area, No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District " E dith Ward" Shield and" McFadden" Cup Competition s

20. - Fleetwood Fish Merchants' Association Boy Cadet Shield and Medals Competition.

20. - Dance, 100 / 4 (Blackheath) Division, S.J •\. B., Greenwich Public Baths.

2+.-Red Cross Ball, Grosvenor House, London.

2S. - Voluntary Blood Donors' Association, \nnual Din ner.

27.-First Annual Dinner, Fulham and Chelsea Di v s ions, S.J. A. B., Six Bells and Bowling Green, Chelsea: DECEMBER.

4.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District Oillcers' Dinn er, Great Central Hotel.

11 & 12. -All-England A. R. P. Course, S. J. A. B., Great Central Hotel, London.

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AID

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries \\"ill be dealt with under the following rules ;i.-Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.-I-.

2.-AIl Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition of .].A.A. l\lanual of First Aid.

THANKS TO THE DOCTOR.

'VVith this issue one whose interest in the ambulance movement first commenced in 1908 enters upon another year as Honorary Correspondent to FIRS T AID.

On the sudden death of Dr. L. Frank Christian in October 1915, a telephone call was answered by one whose love for the work is to-day so '.vell-known, and in that issue so long ago" N. Corbet Fletcher" was the name appended to the answers given to readers' queries.

To -day the initials" N. C. F." stand for correct diagnosis, decisions and rulings which are accepted as authoritative \'vherever first aiders are to be found

During this long term of \'oluntary office Dr. Corbet Fletcher bas answered o\' er 2,500 queries, and his contribution to the movement cannot be o\ er-estimated.

Vve extend to Dr. Corbet Fletcher the cordial thanks of our readers and ourselves for his invaluable help during the past year, and hope that it will be our great pleasure to have the benefit of his knowledge for many years to come. - The Editor.

VAGARIES OF COMPETITION JUDGES.

J S. (Blackpool). - \Ve people who enter and enjoy competition work constantl y lose foints through being asked a question which is not in the Textbook. But we don't grumble, for we think that sooner or later it may be that the questions asked may be included in the Textbook by the Revision Committee. Thus, during last year we were asked; (1) What is the tunction o f the blood and where does it originate? (2) What is blood transfusion and what precautions must be taken?

You are patient with the vagaries of Com petition Judges who on your statement break the Regulations governing St. John Competitions by including questions which cannot be answered from the Textbook. Others are not so patient

An experienced Judge sets his questions and answers direct from the Textbook. - N. CORBET FLETCIlER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER

1\1. R. (Cannon street).-In a recent examination I asked a candidate what was the size of the pad used in the treatment of a fractured clavicle; and I was much amused when he replied-" A pad the siz e ofa bill£ard's egg.l"

Good! Next, please!!- .C.F

LENCTIT PI AL CORI).

]. (Blackpool). - would like to ask for a dellnite answ er for competicion purpose of the following question; _ " How far does the spinal cord extend in an adul t \Varwick c Tunstall say" to the flrst lumbar vertebr a ."

Our Textbook tells us " to the econd lumbar vert e bra ." Buchanan's Anatomy tells us "to a point between the second and first lumbar \ ertebra." \\'hat should be llW answer in a competition if I am judged by a do c tor \\ wants a correct an wer?

For St. John Competitions the answer given in th e St. John Textbook is the correct one. - F.

TRE \ OF \VOl'!':J)S OF Fn'(.EHs.

J.S (Blackpool). - :\[ay I further a k if it is good Ilr st aid to bind the finger together in a lacerated wound of th e ,w ll or proximal end of the tlngers ? ome treat as ordinary wound which o\\ ing to its position leaves th e woun d open. you for the rlendid help and on first aid which you have given us.

After we ha\'e dre cd wounds of the fingers, it is qUIte good treatment to bandage the fingers tog-ether ill d so " afford supports to the injured part" (Textbook , R ul 13, p.97).-N.C.F.

IIl ' :'IOC'R IN FIRST AID.

T.T. (Surrolk). - Th e fo llowing incident \\'hi c h O Cl' Jrre d recenLly may amu s e readtrs o f FII{ST t\m. .\ t !Last it sho\,, s that e\ en we do c tors g e t s o m e tim es!

The other day s omeone in Ill) hou s e called tu me to go quickly and see what \\' as the matter with ma n, who, as she said, had been lying motionle ss on the pavement outside th e hou s e fo r a long time. \\ 'e '1oth hurried to the re cue; and, as we r e ach e d the patient, we saw him partly turned on his right side. I calle d out in my best flrst aid manner " Don'! 1II 0?'£'.I /\"aj quz'le still.l" The" patient," er, looked u p at me with great surprise and aid - " IT "lillI's IfP? / a '11 bJ'z'1zg lojiJld 11lL' !lIrll cod..'/o r!lw wal e r.''' T a hl eau!!

Good! Next, plea s e!!

l'REAT:\lE T OF CUIPIlOR

H W. (Eltham).-In the August issue of FIRSI' ,\ID I rea d with interest the Practical Point which told of th e dea th of a boy from C a mphor ruisoning ; and I sh a ll be obliged if you will tell me what is the correct fIrst aId treatment of such a case.

Treat as for Non-Corrosive Poisoning. Adm inist er emetic at earliest moment while patient is cons c ious a nd able to swallow Afterwards concentrate on the tr eatme nt of shock, keeping patient recumbent and well wrapp ed up i? blankets. Give hot drink, and apply hot water bottles If available -N. C. F.

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ONSET Of' COMPRESSION OF BRAIN

L.B (Stroud).-Perhaps you will enlighten me on the follow in g point which has given me some cau se for thought ;-

If Compression of the Brain is preceded. uy Cond cuss ion, are we to understand that the sign s a n

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of Fractured Palella we should raise the limh oef o re securing sp l int by bandages or aftervvards.

FROM INTERNAL ORGAN.

A. F. (Kettering).-l nder the treatment of Hremorrhage from I nternal Organ the Textbook (p 122) does not mention the application of hot water bottles to keep the patient warm. In Rule 6, however, it gives a hint that patient may pass into state of collap e. I take it, therefore, that it is correct to use hot water bottles if available and to apply these away fr0111 the injured organ.

Elsewhere the Textbook tells you to cover patient warmly and to apply hot water bottles in the treatment of Collapse. So you would certainly be correct if you took all possible steps to keep the patient's body temperature as near normal as is possible. I question, howe\'er, if harm would result if the hot water bottles happened to be placed in the immediate \'icinity of the injured internal org-an.-N. C. F.

·A PHYXIA. WITIl :\RTERIAL BLEEDING.

A. F. (Kettering)-Suppose that a man "vas asphyxiated and at the same time suffering from a compol1nd fracture of both bones of the leg (fragments protruding), complicated by arterial bleeding from the wound. Would it be correct to apply a tourniquet to femoral artery quickly to protect the wound with dry dressing, and to tie the lower limbs together abo\ e and below the fracture before commencing artificial respiration? Or would it be better to omit all this treatment and to get on with artificial respiration forthwith, hoping that the lorn artery will not bleed too much as the condition of the patient improves?

The re-starting of breathing is, I know, terribly important; and it takes time to put on a tourniquet.

Yet, what is the of treating a patient when he is losing (or is in danger of losing) blood? Also the protusion of the fragments is a troublesome complication.

In these circumstances I await your answer with keen interest.

You set yourself a problem which places you "between the devil and the deep blue sea." On the one hand every second lost before commencing artificial respiration gravely jeopardises the asphyxiated patient's chances of recovery.

On the of:her hand you are right to emphasise the need to cont rol arterial bleeding at the first possible moment. As, however, this is not likely to be serious while the patient is asphyx iated, I favour the adoption of a course which lies midway between your two alternatives.

In other words, I should commence artificial respiration immediately. Further, I should do this while kneeling at the side of the patient so that a bystander can apply a tourniquet to the femoral artery without interrupting my movements, while I should keep a sharp eye for any rush of blood. If this should occ ur , I should have the satisfaction of knowing that mypatient was recovering; and, in the absence of a bystandpr as assistant, I should now d esist from artificial respiration while I quickly applied a tourniquet to the femoral artery, re-commencing again as soon as this was in position and tied.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED PATELLA. J.e. (Ely). - At a recent Divisional Practice we became divided in our opinions as to whether in the treatmenl

As I read the instructions on p. 75, I take il Ruk 2. ignifies that the splint is to be applied along the back of the lower limb, which is at tl'e same time raised in order to relax the muscles of the limb, and that wh e n this has been done the bandages are to be appl ied (R ule 3). 11' colleagues, however, were of opinion th at, before the limb is raised, the splint should be secure d b, bandages

Your \ aluable ruling on this point ,\ ill be g'fa tefull} appreciated.

Your reading of the Textbook i is the ron eel l)ne; and it is in strict accordance with Rule 1, whi c h describes how rou can relax the of the thigh a n d 'In prevent all strain on the fractured kneecap, wher e h ,· t'll' fragments l11ight he more widely separated. \f.e. F -

DESCRIPTION OF AI{ I1r'lCIAL IlL)'\'.

:\1. C. (Pentonville). -. \ lillIe while back at a re-exami Ila'illll l)f the Royal Life Guard Corps, to which I al 0 another member was asked to describe artificial respiration. \Ve were all much amu ed ",hen he re plit:dI( Clear nose and //lOlltlt %bstruct/oll" and Illt 1I wlId /(1/' a doctor."

You must forgive me, since L)n your -,talemcnt of tdc[S see no cause for amu emenl. Rather do I rcgr et thl reported ig norance of a would-be life--,;ner on a nll)<;t important operation in fir t aid.' C. F.

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(( I am employed at a skating rink. One (' vening a young man was brought inlo the ambulanc e rool11 looking a bit dazed and very \\'hite, so 1 sent th e doo rman to fetch him some brandy. \\ hen it arrived I :;ni d to the youn£; man (Drillk this and -"OU 'will/eel better.'

" He looked up with a sorrowful face and shaki ly said: ( I can1lot, sz'r; I am a total abslaz'n, r.' Our doorman then tried to persuade him, saying: ( (;0 Oil, rod 1', it'll warm the cockles oj your (eart.'

" The young- man looked up al him and said ,\ TO no, really I cannot drink it.' The doorman then lifte d the glass and drained it at a gulp, aying, There lJIalt do 11er feel bette1' now? '

, Young man: ( Yes, thank ) 011.

(( Doorman: That's riglzt, I/ort yer 7tJould. ' "

(( The young man left looking decidedly str o n ger.

Thanks for your amusing news cutting. T alking about (( Treatment by Proxy," I g-ather that you are a father! Otherwise you would have to confess that som e t!01e orother you had made the popularpalernal remark " j J/yw ll it hurts me more ilzan it doesyo1t !"' .e. F.

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EDITORIAL.

I T is an accepted fact that withA SALUTE out the assistance of the medical TO SURGEONS. profession the voluntary first aid army would have failed at its inception.

One has only to read the history of the St. John Ambulance Association to gather how much mem bers owe to the medical profession for their guidance, training and literature.

It is also an accepted fact that in the" good old days" there were many doctors who undertook the duties of di visional surgeon without thought of what they were undertaking; of what their duties might be and without, in some cases, grasping the instructions of teaching as laid down in the official textbook.

Today, however, members of the medical profession who undertake such duties realise the importance of correct teaching and how the knowledge can best be imparted. Further, they realise that they belong to an organisation which is world-renowned and not just a local" do."

This was evidenced at the first conference of Surgeons of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade, which was held last month in London, and at which 5 per cent. of the total number of doctors on the roll gathered together to certain items for the furthering of first aid. \iVhen one considers that the members of the medical profession are fully occupied with their professional duties, it is very gratifying to the layman to think that the" techn icians " of the lVlovemen t are willing to give their time to make themselves efficient. To be present at the conference many doctors had to arrange for a locum tenens (doctors having no five-day week), and this effort on their part is fully appreciated and thanks are accorded on behalf of the rank and file.

S.J.A. B. Surgeons ' Week-end Conference.

HISTORY was made in the annals of the St. John Ambulance Brigade on Saturday and Sunday, October 16th and 17th, ""hen the first Conference of Surgeons of all ranks attached to the Brigade was held in London.

Some 125 members of the medical profession accepted the invitation of the Surgeon-in-Chief, (Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher) to attend, and every district, including Irish Free State and the Priory for Wales, was represented.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher must have felt that his proposition had not fallen on barren ground, and he is to be congratulated on taking the initiative to bring together surgeons from all parts of the country to discuss ways and means of adding efficiency to the movement. He was a very proud man when, at the end at the conference, the members with one voice voted to make the conterence an annual event. One doctor went so far as to ask his fellow surgeons to book henceforth the third Saturday and the following Sunday in October every year for the conference. That in itself is evidence that the initial conference is but a forerunner of others.

One must pay tribute to the work done behind the scenes for the comfort of those attending the conference. District Officer E. T. Milburn deserves great praise for his excellent arrangements, and visitors ,vere not backward in thanking him.

The conference opened on Saturday afternoon in the Chapter Hall at St. John's Gate by an address of welcome by Col. ]. L. Sleeman, C. B., C.M. G., 1. V. 0., Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, deputising for Sir Percival Wilkinson, Secretary-General of the Order, who, unfortunately, was indisposed.

Col. Sleeman said how pleased he was to welcome the members of the medical profession, and paid tribute and stressed the value of the work done by them at home and abroad. He knew of no harder worked body of men and women who so willing-Iy gave so much of spare time to the work. Were it not for the labours and the great services they gave, and the stimulus offered by the knowledge that at the head of the teaching was a body of expert medical men and women, the whole organisation would unquestionably fall to pieces.

The visitors then inspected the Chapter Hall, Library and Museum of the Order, which brought home to many the wonderful Order under which they had taken service.

On re-assem bling, the Surgeon-in-Chief read a letter of welcome from the Chief Commissioner, in which he regretted his inability to be present, and expressed his sincere thanks to the surgeons for their devoted services to the Brigade. Were it not, wrotE:' Sir John, for the whole-hearted assistance of the medical profession, we (the Brigade) could not have possibly reached the present high standard of efficiency in first aid which distinguishes the Brigade. He particularly thanked the work of surgeons in competitions and also for assistance in connection with A. R. P.

Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher then gave an address on "The Duties of Surgeons," referring to the positions of surgeons of to-day against that of yesterday. He spoke of the duties entailed by District, County, Corps and Divisional Surgeons, and their position in their respective spheres of activity; a1:;o to the booklet "The Appointment of Surgeons and Their Duties."

This address was followed by discussions on many items, including red piping on shoulder straps of jackets (for su{geons) ; reduced telephone charges for ambulance; reduced lecture fees for Brigade recruits; certificate for competition winners, etc. Other items were plaster dressing-s for wounds; ideal emergency antiseptic (flavine 1/ 1000,

per cent., and industrial methylate d Sptrlts belng some suggestlOns dIscussed); an impro ved surgical haversack; and re-examination of members after failing. Each item received its quota of discussion and it was evident that members were pleased to have the Opportunity of airing their views.

Saturday evening was given over to a dinner at th e Great Central Hotel.

The Surgeon-in-Chief, who was accompanied by Irs. Fletcher and l\liss Fletcher, presided, supported by Col. J. L. Sleeman, Col. G. A. Moore (As t. ,-hief Commissioner)

Sir H. Ferguson (Commandry of New Zealand), Dr. W. C: Bentall (Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief), lr. Fincham (Asst Major Darvil-Smith (Brigade Secretary), Asst. CommlsslOner H. J. WrigglesworLh (Asst. Brigade Se cretary), and Asst. Commissioner IvV. G . Pape (Chief Commi ssioner's Staff).

Following the loyal toasts Dr. l\largaret Trotter proposed" The Order," to which Col. Sleeman replied, ref errin cy to his overseas visitation. ;,.,

Miss A. Trout, as a member of the out ide public wh o had been interested in the work of the Brigade, had mu ch pleasure in proposing the toast "The Sl. John Am bul ance Brigade." She referred to the fact that the voluntary serv ice was often performed after a hard day's work had been do ne. The members were possessors of the magnificent qualit ie set out by the Cross of the Order.

Major A. Tennyson- mith (County Commis io ner, Hampshire) replied. He thanked Ii s Trout for her k ind words, a little pat on the back was appreciated by the members, who carried out their dutie without though t of reward.

Dr. Bentall proposed "Our Friend ," anu poke of the assistance given by the wives and sweethearts. Cou rled with the toast were Col. l\loore and M r. Joe G ro sman \ 'ho both replied in their own inimitable way.

"The Chairman" was gi\'en by Colonel C. H. S. Redman (Lancashire District) who paid tribute to Dr. Fletcher's work in the Brigade oyer anum ber of year.

The Surgeon-in-chief, on rising to re pond, was rec ei\'ed with great applause. He referred to his earlier days in the Brigade when, as he expressed it, he was nearly" chuck ed" out. He thanked Brigade Headquarters for the assistance he had received and mentioned especially Maj r Darvil-Smith, Mr. Wrigglesworth and lr. l\lilburn. Dr. Corbet Fletcher referred to the wonderful tribute to the work of the surgeons made by Her laje ty the Que en .tt the Jubilee celebrations. He drank to the continued su cce"s of the Brigade surgeons.

During the evening telegrams of good wishes \\ ere received from the Earl of Scarbrough, Sir John Duncan , C)1. C. J. Tri m ble (the "Grand Old Man " of the Brigad e who urged all present to "carry the torch and pass it alon g '), Capt. Cahusac (Association and one addres sed to "Cordite' Fletcher!

By the kindness of fro Joe Grossman, artistes fr e1ll Elstree Studios entertained the guests and included Dor othy 0' Dell, Newton Lees, Kaye Connor, Barry Devin e and N atana and his Band, one of the foremost bands on the A. B. C. circuit. This band was under the directi on of " Our Joe's" brother, Nat Grossman.

The Surgeon-in-Chief opened the proceedin gs 00 Sunday with an address on "Methods of Lecturi ng." After referring to his earliest experiences as a lectur er, he explained the fact that surgeons were not capable of teaching first aid until they had studied the subject.

A lively discussion ensued in which Dr. Bent'lIl emphasised the use of simple words, use of the blackb oard, repetition from different angles and the introducti on, a t times, of a little humour.

(( Instructions from a Layman's Point of View " \"as then given hy District Officer Milburn, taking hi s ow n

experi nces over many years. Space will not permit publishing in full this talk but, nevertheless, it was unanimously agree d that members attending the conference had had pla ce d before them one side of teaching which in many ins ta nces is overlooked. Mr. lilburn emphasised the im ro rtance of getting down to the level of the student; the e"c1us ion of prosy reading; the exclusion of difficult words, an d the importance of allowing- students to express themsel\es in their own words; the importance of teaching from the Texthook, and the use of the blackboard. He put forth mfi ry to divisional surgeons to keep the member-; interested and the importance of not (( letting down" the div ision on practice nig-hts.

,\n interesting discussion followed, in which many mem bers took part and thanked Mr. Milburn for his ex( llent aduress.

Dr. Bentall wa next called upon to give a talk on " la intenance of Interest in Divisions." He referred particular ly to A. R. P. and the great scope this gave, not only to increased member hip in the division but to maintain

AID

"Organisation of Competitions" was opened by Assl. Commissioner H. J. Wrigt:;lesworth. He first dealt with the medical side, points under this heading being date, accommodation, judges, tests and faking, all of which were under the control of the surgeon. Next the lay sidestewards, teams, staff, etc., under a competent officer. Finally he dealt with pUblicity.

Following the discussion on this section, Dr. Corbet Fletcher intimated that the first conference had been brought to a successful conclusion, the credit not being on anyone person's shoulders. V nanimous cries of (( Yes" greeted his question (( Shall we repeat this conference next year? "

Dr. W. O. F. Sinclair (Birmingham County) proposed a vote of thanks to the Surgeon-in-Chief for spending his valuable time in taking charge of the conference. It had been an eye-opener to most of them and they were yery to see him with them.

Col. C. H. S. Redmond (Lancashire) endorsed every word spoken by Dr. Sinclair regarding the Chief Surgeon.

th 'n embers' interest in the new subject. lany suggestio n followed the talk, including the showing of films, io t -c hange of surgeons, competitions, etc.

" Preparation for and Conduct of Competition " was ne· on the agenda, and this was opened by the Surgeon-inCh f who dealt with the preparation of marking sheets. H is sc heme in preparing sheets was: immediate action; set I what should be done on the spot; concentrate on the ex " mination of the patient; arrange for transport and aftercar '. Dr. Corbet Fletcher then went on to describe in det,.l.11 the steps to be taken in various emergencies (insensibili ty, fractures, etc). Staging was another important point not only by the speaker but by members taking par t in the discussion.

" Reproduction of Injuries" was then demonstrated by Cal'L. A. C. White Knox (London). He described his metho ds and the composition of various injuries so that they ap pea red natural. He also emphasised the importance of do cto rs showing the students during lectures exactly what fra ctu res or wounds look like. Shock, simple and compou nd fractures, wounds, burns and bruises were demonstr ated and, by request, a dislocation.

They all knew his work well and they appreciated what he had done in asking them to be present at the conference.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher in his reply thanked the members for their words of appreciation. They were all there to do their duty and the Surgeons' responsibilities were increasing each year with the expansion of the Brigade.

DISTRICT AND COUNTY SURGEONS' 1EETlNG.

This followed at the conclusion of the general conference and the items raised by members were discussed and formal resolutions passed to be submitted to the Chief Commissioner for his consideration.

We have been favoured with the impressions of a member who attended the conference, and these will clearly show that the function fulfilled a long felt want

(( The Surgeons' vVeek-End Conference, which for the first time included all ranks of surgeons in the Brigade (yet another practical suggestion of the Surgeon-in-Chief), ful. filled a long needed want.

(, As we made a tour of the Chapter Hall, the Library

Surgeons' Conference Dinner at the Great Central Hotel.

and 1\luseum and Grand PriM), Church, we could not but be reminded of our ancient and noble tradition and thus at the start almost, a Brigade atmosphere was created

" Ho\\'ever keen and conscientious (or the reverse) the surgeon might be in his or her division, to work solo and independent over an indefinite period, one realised \vas not good, and so to ha\ e had exchange of ideas and comparisons of how others conducted their dl\ isions, wa exceedingl) helpful.

" To hear the layman's point of view on the subject of Instruction was to provide warnings, while the emphasi laid on 'personality' as counting for a great deal in the maintenance of interest in divisions (stated by the Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief) ,, as to spur one on to acquire and develop this coveted gift. The wise advise to adopt greater simplicity in language, to make more use of diagrams and the blackboard, and by constant repitition, to seek to drive home important points, was welcomed anew.

C That final decisions were made on certain points, was commendable.

"The importance of being conversant with Brigade Regulations, of understanding correct relationship with the Divisional Superintendent, of encouraging publicity-and incidentally, the Press-in competitions as being an aid to recruiting in the Brigade, just as A. R. P. courses tended in this direction, were points that were stressed and found to be of great value.

(f Reference was made to the' miserable offender,' said to be a surgeon, who made a habit of reading the 'Black Book' in front of the class-not infrequently losing the place. This unknown yet heard of personage must havf' belonged to the dim past, certainly judging from this assembly of surgeons none were guilty of this accusation.

"Those attending the confeIence could not but feel impressed by the intense keenness of both the S u rgeon-in-Chief and the Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief, whose aim was to assist in every possible way Brigade surgeons towards the highest peak of efficiency. That the continued support from the Venerable Order was assured was cause for much satisfaction.

his:memory.

The Hospitallers ' Club.

TIlE first meeting of the autumn ses s ion was held on October 8th, when Mr. A. E. ,",Vell (President) 'welcomed the members after the summer break. H e also referred to the passing of i\1 r. Pasco, a former president, and ask ed all present to stand to pa} trihut e In

The speaker for the evening was the Rev. Ta ylor Bowie, l\J. A., of Acton, who gave an address on "Scott bh Humour." Thanks were accorded the peaker on the proposition of 1\1r. Burton, seconded by ;\[r. Green, for the most humorous and interesting address.

The annual dance "vas held on aturday, October 23rd, at the Cora Hotel, when some 125 members and fr iend.:; pent a very enjoyable evening.

The president, who was accompanied by Mrs. \\ dIs, gave a hearty welcome to all friends and thanked them jor their support. lr. \V ells also paid tribute to the unti ring efforts of 1\1 r. F. E. Stallard (hon. treasurer) who had arranged the function again on mo t successful lines.

The "Remembrance" was read at ' .15 b, :\Ir. Bettison.

Durir'R the evening novelty dance wer hf'ld and prizes gi\'en to succe sful dancer.

The membership of the Club is open to all oHieer of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and full particulars can be had of 1\1r. A. E. \VeIL, 19, Elvne-road, troud London, N.-l-.

The Lady Hospitallers' Club.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Headquarters

and District Reports.

Brig ade Headquarters

A.R.P.-Some 150 persons attended the intensive CO\,.1 se held on October 30th/31st in London.

Dr. W. e. Bentall was the Chairman, and he introduc d the Chief Commi sinner to the gathering.

S ir John Duncan expressed his pleasure at the ;ttten dances at the courses, and stated that the Brigade had now over 3,000 Grade 1 instructors. He paid tribute to th e lecturers who so willingly gave their time to at ten d.

The Chairman was as isted in the lecturing by Dr. J. A. Hanna, of Jersey; Capl. G. B. Armstrong; \l e ':> rs. e. W. Bower, O.B.E.; W. J. Noble, W. J. B. Tn te r, Lt.-Col. R. J. Collins, and 11r. F. \i\Trigglesworth. ?\ lajor Darvil-Smith (Brigade Secretary) and Mr. H. ] W rigglesworth (Asst. Secretary) \\ ere responsible for exc elle nt arrangements.

Joe Grossman (of A soclated British Picture Corpo r a tion, Ltd. ) once again presented a galaxy of film, .tag e and radio tars at the ,aturday evening performa nce.

At the close of the course Brigadier Barne (Serre tary of the Order) addressed the gathering and related his experiences in the first gas attack of the Gr e.i t \Var.

Vc a ked a 1Dl:l11i>er of a local authoril) present at the co urse to fa your u with his impre sions; and he wri t s as follows:

workers-decontamination, fire, and rescue parties and the Intelligence centre workers-must all be fitted in. And, not least of the problems, all must co-operate in bringing- the man in the street into line.

cc The writer has been invited to give an independent impression of the St. John Ambulance Brigade's Course for instructors. The reader has already read it. But perhaps one word of advice to those who have not yet attempted it, may not be out of place. The Course is not chicken food. And unless the student already has a strong grasp of at least one part of the job, he may have a bad bout of indigestion after it. The diet is strong, abundant and wholesome, and cannot fail to stimulate enthusiasm."-J. N. F.

No. I (prince of Wales's) District

WESTERX AREA.-The annual Area Social was held on Tuesday, October 12th, at Caxton Hall, Westminster, and once again a very enjoyable evening was spent by some 250 members and friends.

ee So successful was this week-end Course, that it was decided to repeat one next year; and I would suggest that as the problems of Divisional Surgeons in London differ from those in the provinces this might prove a subject for comment. Further items of discussion might include the extent of procedure with treatment by surgeons on public duty, also suggestions for C Kindred Subjects' to form part of a divisional lecture. For a future conference, suggestions beforehand might be invited from surgeons. An opportunity to sign the visitors' book at St. } ohn's Gate would also be \velcomed, espe c ially by surgeons from the provinces. "-M.

Binding Copies of FIRST AID.

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The fir t meeting of the autumn ses ion was hel d on October 2nd, when 1\1 r. Foreman, Secretary of the Pe ople's Dispensary for Sick Animals, addressed the meeting. He dealt most interestingly with treatment and care of sic k animals of the poor not only in England but also tho se of other countries.

On i'iovember 6th the monthly meeting- was hel d at Northampton Institute, the members being entertained by an interesting address g-i\'en hy Mrs. Barnes, COlrmis sione r of the Girls' Life Brigade.

Although many members are frequently called up on to act as instructors or judges in the first aid competition s of the Girls' Life Brig-ade, it is the first time they have ha d an opportunity of learning about the work of the Organisa tion The speaker "kilfully blended the pathos with the hum our and all too quickly the time passed away.

A.R.P. workers of every category must by now havr realised that they are confronted with a problem of no ordinary kind. Bet \\ een them and the solution of their problem is a quadruple barrier built up of apathy, optimi sm, lethargy and pessimism; and no hedge was eve.l more truly" cut and laid," no, not even in the Sh, es.

Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren and Mrs. Warren received those present, including the Commissioner, Capt. W. Goodley, M.e., and Mrs. Goodley, Lady District Supt. Walker, County Surgeon Wrangham, District Officers F. Claridge, and F. E. Stratton. Headquarters was represented by District Officers Burton, Green, tandingford and Walsby who were accompanied by their ladies.

At the supper interval Mr. Warren said how pleased they were to have Capt. and 1v1rs. Goodley with them. He read apologies from Asst. Commissioner Capt. Fenton, Capt. Franks, Lady District Officer Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret and Mr. S. B. Piers.

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The next meeting of the Club will be held on Dece mber 11th at the Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell. Any nursing Division officer who is interested should apply for membership particulars to the Secretary, Mrs. Woolford, 15, Tyrone-road, E.6.

The Birkenhead Division, S.} A. B., celebrated the 21s t annive rsary of its inauguration with a whist drive and dance on Wednesday, November 3rd.

Mr. D. N. Turner, managing director of the Staveley Coal and Iron Co., presented awards to members of th e Warsop Main Division, S.J.A.B., at a meeting held on November 7th

Ie Apathy and lethargy do not quite mean the same thing The apathetic will not even listen. The lethargic \\'on' reply to letters or attend cia ses. The optimistic don't believe that war will happen; and the pessimistic do no t believe that A.R.P. are any use whatever. Mixed up vith the whole lot are the pacifists; and if you wish to ril e a pacifist and get him rattled, suggest to him that is allied with all the '.vorst influences in the country, I. e., w ith the 'street corner loungers.' But that, as Dr. Benta ll would say, is a digression or sidetrack.

" The g-ame t hunter is apt to baulk at a fence of this n ature · and needs a tonic. The tonic prescribed by the w riter is a week-end course at the Great Central Hotel conducted by the aforementioned Dr. Bentall and his wonderful team of lecturers and demonstrators.

C Perhaps in no other way can any worker get a PIc tur e of the complexity and wideness of the entire un der taking. But it is essential that every worker should ha ve Some idea of the far-reaching nature of the job. co-operation between departments can only be ach Ie ved by perfect understanding of the duties of each. Ward ens must play into the hands of other departments. Medlc al workers, hospital staffs, first aiders, ambulance ahnd parties, must understand and appreciate f e d Ifficulties of the Warden's job. The executive

The Assistant Commissioner referred to the increase in the Area's personnel, and was pleased to inform the company that the number was now over 2,000. He was pleased with the Area's efficiency and stated that all duties allotted them had been carried out with great credit.

The IV1eltonian Dance Band was in attendance, whilst Amb. Officer Owen (No. 70 Division) carried out the duties of M.e.

Miss Walker presented the spot dance prizes to the successful couples.

All too soon the function was brought to a close by "Auld Lang Syne" and the I\' ational Anthem.

EAST HAM.-The annual East Ham and InterDistrict Competition was held on Saturday, October 30th, when eight teams competed.

On entering the competition room one was realistically transported, as it were, back into a hot summer's day at the seaside. There was the hotel, sand, rocks, bathing raft and last, but by no means least, six bathing belles, and, of course, a few young men also in bathing costumes. This setting- for the team test was excellently done, and Supt. A. E. A. Ambler and Amb. Officer W. H. Morrish are to be congratulated on their organisation.

FIRST

The tory wa that of a man who in diving 100 near the rocks u tained seHre concu sion, a lac e rated wound in the left thigh and a fractured right thigh. Troubles did not come singly to the teams One young lady fainted whilst a male friend of the patient slipped 011 -the step_ of the hotel and receiyed a fracture of the ribs. Thi patient \\'a a fir t aid "know-all," but most team soon taught him a correct Ie 011.

The team test judges were Capt. F. E. Bendix (As t. Commi ioner) and District Officer C. J. Fitch; the individual section being judged by District Officer T. E. \Val by; and the viva voce by District Officer J. Kemp.

Councillor G. Boultwood, J P., presided at the presentation of awards, supported by Ald Mrs Taylor, the Commissioner, Capt. W Goodley, M.e., and Mrs. Goodley, the Judges, Mrs Bendix, Mrs. E. Ward, District Officer Haines and :J1r Haines, Lady District Officer 11r Morrish and others.

The result of the competition was :-lst and Silver Challenge Cup vVest Ham 268 marks; 2nd and "Edith \Yard" Cup, Dagenham, 25H; 3rd, Royal Arsenal, 249.

AID

and Lady Div. upt. ]\1rs. Higgill , were fir t in peeled bv Colonel J. T. Woolrych Perowne, V.D., T.D (Hospitall e"r of the Order), who then declared the new buildin g opened. The Rt. Re'\" E. J. Palmer , D.D., Sttb-Prclrtt l' of the Order, dedicated the building.

At the suhsequent business meeting- Councillor R \Vatt Cowan, J.P. (Chairmall Harrow U.D.e.), presided supported by Col. Pero\\'l1c, Bishop Palmer, the Commis ioner, Capt. \ \'. Goodley, Asst. Commissioner •. ]. \Varren, and their t:lffs, and representatives of Inc al activities.

The Chairman said the occa ion was onc of out·tanding importance to Harrow. After forty years th e Divisions had at last found a home of their own, and a grcat step forward had been taken towards still furth er alleviating human suffering. COllncillor Cowan, af ter dealinO' with the many activities of the members, inclu ding A.R.P., aid that uch wonderful ervices called inr the highe of prai e. On behalf of the Citizen s of Harrow he wi hed to offer them all his thank.

Col. Pero\\'ne , accepting on behalf of the Orner the

Trophies won hy the members of the IIarrow Xursing Division and Harrow Nursing Cac10t were pJ'l scntcd hy Capt. Goodley.

)To. 58/5 (\V.D.O.) DI\ ISroX.-This Division is :t1, o TO. 63 London Immobile) V.A. Dctachment, 'In 1 its first annual \Yar Office and County Controller's in. pection as such was held on Saturday, October 23rd, whe n 1\1ajor BinO'ham \\ as the examining officer.

He \\as accompanied hy :\1ajor J. II. Banks, County C Jlltrollcr, and District Officer T. ::'IlcBride, Asst. Co ntroller. and of t he .f2 members of the Division three offi cers and 27 men \\ cre: in attendance.

:Jlajor Ding-ha111 and ;'[ajor Danks both cxpres cd tl r ati ·faction at thc smart appcarance of the dctachIren t. and all thL individual and collective work of the 11'(111 1)(' LO ll. 11-+ TH \\1';) second ,\llll l1 a l dinller of tl1i j)j\ isiol1 \\ as held on October 28th, '1]1(\ ahoul 100 IlH' mh<:rs and friends spent an enjoyable e\e 1l11lg uncler the Chairmanship of Di\,. Surgcon \V. G. \Vab oJI.

1\ iter the: loyal toa t apt. 1\. e. \Vhite Knox) 1\1.C

A t. propo eel The 114th Diyision."

II t he I li\ i..,ion on the gro\\ th of it C"11h L'rship. which \\' 1.- :;0 strOllt!,- Th is \\ as a credit to the te achLr and to thL' lLa tiLr (Dr. \\at -on and Supt. I) (tim an). II l' n ierrcd to 11 is rccen t i 11- pection of th e

I hi io n \\ "h e n, ior til "e:concl time only during his 30 el'\'l Cl' he jOllncl the POUChLS 100 per ccnt.

c rrec t. lIe al () ::\11'. Dladman on his pr )'nn tiul1 t() "u(lcrinte:ndel1t and \\'Cl sure that the " r.1I1. port Duarc1 must be prouci th:lt they have uch ,lll cnic i l'nl hOlh- () i lllen nn t hei r 5ta ff.

: lljlt. l) C:lcimCln thanh d Capt. \\ihite Kllox for hi"

"'11 w o rds. A t the r e- cxa1J1ination Di\ i ion once.

a in n htaillcd 100 per c('nt. pa se , and a · a rc ult of a f( nt cIa .' 1.2 or 1.f n e w memhlrs had joined the J) i iOI1. :Jle11lh e r:, had tak e n up A.H..P. and hael gained t rtific ate i n t he slIhjlCt. IIe thanked the officer and In n i nr their l1ppurt and concluded hi · -peech \\ ith an (l' pea inr entri e in competitions

Dr. \ \ aLnn prop o :ed "Our Gue t ," to \\ hich Supt. \\" hh (Xl\\ ro ,,) and "\Irs. \\'hitc Knox replied. \11' \V. G. \\ alstln presented the elivi ional trophicio ll o \\'s:.( Joms" Efficil ncy Cup and 1Icdal: Pte. e. II. I:hb_.

AID J 15

On November 30th a cine-lecture will be given at \Vood Lane School, Dagenham. The subjcct will bc "Skeleton and Muscles," and an invitation is extended to members of other Divisions to attend.

NEW CRoss.-On Sunday, October 2.fth, members of the No. 16 (New Cross) Division competed for the " Supervisors IJ Challenge Cup. The test, which was set and judged by Dr. vVatson (1\'0. 114 Division), depicted two lads cycling to camp when one hit a bottle lying in the road and \vas thrown over his handlebars, sustaining a wound on forehead and concussion. The Cup "va presented to Pte. C. Lillington) who was closely followed by Pte. C. Simpson and Pte. J. G. Bro\vn. A miniature of the Cup was prcsented to the holder by Vice-President A. e. Lasseter, and a ).1edal for the highest scorer under a medallion holder also went to Pte Lillington.

N o II D is trict

Box.-The annual inspection of the Box Division was held on ..\1onday, 1st, in thc Bingham

HalJ. The parade was in charge of Amb. Officer J. R. King, others pre ent being the Pre ident The Hon. )'lrs. 'haw ).1ellor; ex- upt. Pepler, Col. Sykes. Rev. A. F. ..\1altin and :J1r. \Yilkin on. County Commis ioner A. R. Towerzey carried out the inspection accompanied by County Officer innet.

..\1eml)ers demon trated Artificial Respiration, treatment of Fractures, and tretcher ,vork. Sub equently the Commissioner congratulated them on their smartness and efficiency, remarking that he hoped more member would soon takc their examination in Air Raid Precautions, and so ac1d to the ix certificates no\\ held bv the Division.

OUTII E \.- The second annual dinner of the :- outhsea Division \vas held on )'londay) October 18th, Di\ " upt. \V. G. Gill presiding.

., Our Gue ts" was proposed by Di\·. Surgeon C. Robertson, Corps Officer F. Fleming replying. Supt. J. :J1ockford (Port mouth) and Supt. R. Tro\\'cr (Cosham) repre ented their respective Divisions.

NIrs. Goodley presented the trophies and congratulated the recipients on their splendid effort.

Mrs. B.endix presented a box of chocolates supplied by the ChaIrman, to each of the bathing belles.

Ald. Mrs Taylor presented the" Winifred Harper" Challenge ShIeld to CorpI. C. Tudor' and the "Edith Ward" Cup to Pte. Bax. The « Mary Ambler" Cadet Challenge Shield, won by Cadet Reeve, was presented by :Jlrs. Ambler, the donor.

Capt. Bendix praised the work 'Of the teams.

The Commissioner thanked Councillor Boultwood and Mrs . BouItwood for their ever increasing inte r est in the work of the Brigade.

HARRow.-Saturday, October 16th was a "red letter" day in the history of the Harrow) and Wea ldstone Ambulance and ursing Divisions, for on that date their new headquarters were officially opened and dedicated. The Divisions, under Div. Supt. H. V. Shrosbree

deeds of the property from Lady Supt. Mrs. Hig gins , said that every member of the Harrow Divisions sho uld be proud of their new building. The Order would told by him of the success which had attended th ei r efforts.

Capt. Goodley, proposing a vote of thanks to Col. Perowne, said it was a long time since he had see n a divisional headquarters opened with such plea sing ceremony.

Asst. Commissioner Warren said that as Officer II1 charge of the Western Area he was proud to he associated with the ceremony. He hoped the exam ple set by the Harrow Divisions would be an encouragem ent to others in the District.

Supt. Shrosbree, in a short, witty speech, thank ed all who had helped in providing their new headquart ers . He explained the ways and means used to raise the £ 600 which the l and and building had cost. T he B r igade 'Was grateful to Mr. G. Higgins, the hon, surveyor, who h ad supervised the erection of the building,

L '.e.0.·: CliP: Corpl. A. E. :JIunc1ay: n.Illc r - tJp. Corp\. F. JOIlt'''' ., Dr. \\-atson" .hield, and prize prt'iel1ted hy "\1r. HtI'i "s. Pte. C. T1. Ehhs.

\1rs. \Vaisoll. after prescnting the lahels) ll1cdallioll anI ecrtiflc a lcs, was asked to accept a sil\'Cl' fruit di h a. 'l tokcn of thanks ior the Doclor's g-reat cn'icc.

,c rgt. :JIann prang a surprise on ,upt. Deadman \\ "<' 11 h e a..,keel h,i111 to accept a \\ alch, sulLcrihed for by al m emher. of the Di\'isioll, as a token of e teem and n:,.:·a rd in \\ hieh the memhers held him. upt. Deadman replied.

Dancine; then continued until 11.30 p.m., Di\,. Sl "r etary Preston actinO' as M.e.

D \CENl 1,\111.-The annual winter outing of the Da;.:-c nham Di vi ion was held on SJ.turclay, October 30th, whe n 96 meml)ers and friends \\ cre cOlweyed to London hy t hree motor-coaches. -

Dinner \\'as helel at Flemings in Oxford Street, a (ter \\ hlC h the party adjourned to the Palladium, where an en1ly able entertainment completed the programme.

During the interval Diy. Surgeon L. ::'11. :Jlaybury presented one Grade 1, two Grade 2 A.R.P. instructor. and a number of rank and file A.R.P. certificates. )'lrs. :J1aybury pre en ted the ambulance awards.

11usic during the dinner and for the dancin o \Ya rendered by the Legion of Frontiersmell) [\l11h. Officer Hammond being M.e.

The arrangements were carried out by Amb. Officcr \V. G. Barry and Pte. G. Emis.

No

ill

.

Dis tric t , DROIT\YICII 'p.\.-The Droit,,"ich pa Ambulance and ur ing Division held their annual \\Thist Drive and Dance on Thur day, October 14th, when Alderman E\'ans was 11. C. for \i\Thist Drive, and Div. Surgeon J. W. T. Patterson offiCIated for the Dancing. The prizes were distributed by The ::'Ilayoress, J\lrs G. Dowell. A mo t enjoyable enning ,,"as spent by oYer 250 patrons; the music for dancing \\'as played by The \Vinter Gardens Orche tra.

Amonf?: those supporting the function were Corp urgcon F. S. J\lacI\..enn;t, Corps upt. Fulloway, and Mrs. Fulloway, Corps Secretary E. J. Sanders, Lady Diy. upt. :J1iss \\Tythes and Mr. H. J. V{ythcs, Corp

Colonel ]. T. Woolrych Perowne inspecting the parade at the opening of the Harrow new headquarters.

Sergt.-1\lajor and Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. H. E. Allen. Thanks are due to Lady Div. Supt. Mrs . K N. L. X e1igan and the Joint Social for what proyed, once again, to be a socIal and financIal success.

N o . IV District LANCASHIRE.

Tom1ORDEx -Last month a new Medical Comforts Depot was declared open by Lt.-Col. J J. Gl.edhill, T.D , D.L., J P. The new building, made possIble by the o-enerosity of the trustees of the late 1\lr. Abraham Ormerod, of Wa1sden, has been built as a wing of the existing Brigade Hall in Victoria Road, ar,Id c.onsists .of two rooms on the ground fioor, one of whIch IS a sll11ce room for ,yashing and sterilising appliances, and the other room being used for stores. Upstairs is a room to be fitted for sick nursing purposes and classes and demonstrations will be held for both men and women.

At the opening ceremony Major R. H. Barker, of Lytham St. Anne's (Chairman of the !\mbulance Diyision) presided, supported by Mrs. and MISS \Vebster (the Mayoress), Councillor \V FIeldon, J. O. Sager and 1\1r. W. 1\1. E Sagar (trustees of the late 1\Ir. A. Ormerod), Dr. Clegg (Asst. Commissioner), 1\1rs J. Pitter Bayley, Dr. J. Pitter Bayley (Di,". Surgeon), Supt. J. H. vVhite, Lady Supt. 1. 1\I. Sutcliffe, and many others.

The Chairman paid tribute to the splendId "'ork the Ambulance and ursing Divisions had done and " ere still doino- in the interests of the public in Todmorden . He to the inaugural meeting held in 1903 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Russell, ,, hom they were de1io-hted to see present. 1\1ajor Barker spoke on the of the Division's activities.

Councillor Fieldon, on behalf of the trustees, handed the key to Col. Gledhill, who was deputising for the Col. Gledhill, after performing the opening ceremony, paid tribute to the generosity of the trustees for the new building.

After the dedication by the Rev. W. H. Mason, the key was presented to Dr. Bayley, who said it was an honour to receive on behalf of the Divisions the Ormerod Comforts Depot.

Lady Supt. Sutcliffe welcomed so many old members present. The gathering represented the past, the present and the future. Those present representing- the the past included Dr. Russell) Mrs. Fieldon (the first Lady District Supt. in Todmorden) and others; the present were the active members; and the future was represented by the Cadets

Dr. Russcll proposcd a vote of thanks to Major Barker, which Dr. Clegg seconded.

N o VI D is trict

DARLINGToN.-Members of the Darlington Friendly Society'S Division are very proud that Supt. T. Robins, who has been the mainstay of the Division since its formation, was recently invested with the insignia of Serving Brother of the Order of St. John

At a social held last month a presentation was made to Supt. Robins as an appreciation of his ambulance work.

The presentation, made by Councillor Taylor (Div. President), was a set of miniature medals and a clock, whilst a h1.ndbag was presented eto Mrs Robins.

AID

Councillor Taylor also presented a Vice-Prcsident' s Badge to 1\1r. J. Burnsidc, and certificates of promotion to Amb. Officcr Routledge (from sergeant), Scrgt. Ditchburn (f r om corporal), and Corpls. Logan Wils on and Clack (from privates).

Those prcsent at the function includcd Mrs. Taylor , Councillor F. Hope Wilson (Vice-Prcsident), Div. urgeon A. Ingham and Lady Supt. Gardner (Darlington ursing Divi ion).

J ARROW.-To commcmorate the coming-of-age of the Jarrow Division Supt. H. J. Hunting hopes to present two large photo frames containing photo.graphs of men and womcn "vho ha \'c bcen connccted \nth the Division since its inception.

All past and prescnt members whose addresses are known have been circulari ed, but as the closing d;-t e is drawing very near Supt. Hunting is anxious that 110 member is left out.

I f any past member hould read this notice Mr. Huntino-, whose addre s is -1-, Caroline Street, Jan ow. would be pleased to reccive a bust phoioO'raph, in unif orm if possible.

On Octoher 18th memhcrs of the Jarro" Di\' i_i(11I \\'ere re-examined by Dr. IIug-hison. On Octobcr 22rd eyeral members, tog-ethcr "ith the Palmer IIcb lmrIl Congo Ambulance CIa s, were examined for G.P. awl instructors' A.R.P. certificatc

No. VII District

\VELLIXGTox.-The annual concert of thc \\'ellin g't'1l1 (Salop) Division \\ a held on unday, Octoher 31st, Dr. F. H. Edwards, County Suro'eon, presiding'.

About 800 people were pre el1t in the Grand Thea tre, by kind permission of \Vright, and a vcry enjoy ahle programme was presented. ..

The arti tes included l1r. Erncst E. PoulIlger WIth his sih-er hand-bells, who e rendering of mall)' it '11::received great applause. Othcr artistes were :'Ilr. Eric Godfrey with his piano-accordion; ?lIr. J. A. J (gold-medallist), and the Donnington vVood V oi.' Choi rand Quartelte Party.

During the interval the County Surgeon referred to the work of the Di,-ision. and complimented upt. W. T. vVilliams on his fine effort. He al 0 remarked that Shropshire ",as one of the foremost counties in the country as regards A.R.P. Dr. Edwards concluded his remarks with an appeal for new members, and hop ed a nursing division would soon be found in \V ell ino-to n 1\1rs. E. G. Peace presented awards to mcmbers for first aid and A.R.P. examinations.

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District

BRIGIITOX.-Asst. Commissioner IIamer Ru ssell inspected the Brighton Corps last month, and paid tribu c to the officers and members for the self-sacrificing WO ,·k they were carrying on, and congratulated them on the high standard of efficiency displayed.

The inspecting officer was accompanied by La dy District Supt. Mrs. Falwassor, upt. G Crouch (Dep uty Chief Constable), and Dr. Fairweather.

. .

The parade was under the command of DIs trIct Officer VV . J. Noble (Acting Corps Supt.), A.R.P. Offi cer for vVest Sussex, assisted by Corps Officer T. E. Mar sh, Corps Secretary J. H. R. Williams, Corps C. L. Hughes, Transport Officer H. J. Grace and Publ1c Duty Officer G J. Chisnal1.

FIRST

FAVERSIIAM.-County S u rgeon J. R. Hame r ton carried out an inspection of the Faversham and Boughtonunder-Blean A mbulance, Faversham Nursing and Faversham Cadet Divisions on Sunday, Octobcr 10th II e was accom panied by Lady District Officer Miss May, District O'hce rs B. T. Beaumont and G Gore

Dr. Hamerton thanked Lord and Lady IIarris for their hospitality in allowing the divisions to hold their at Belmont. He congratulated the parade on its fi'st aid, but drew attention to the need of smart equ ipment.

Lady Harris presented Service Meda ls and Bars to the following: Supt. C. W. Smith (40 years), Sergt. E:ldes (25 years), Hon. Sergt. E. C. Wills (25 years), ('HP J. J. Elkins (25 years), Sergt. E. 'Wright (21 years), 1 es Wright (21 years), Skeer (20 years), c. J. Bones ( 5 years), CorpI. Thilthorpe (15 years).

LITTLEIL\:\IPTOX.-The annual inspection of the Llttleham pton Divisions was held on October 31st. Asst. Com mi sioner David Bryce, J.P., \\ as the inspecting cffic er, as istcd by Lady Di triet Officcr 11ay.

1\1r. Bryce congratulated the Division on its "'ork, t; pLc ially mentioning the Beach tation, at \\ hich some cascs were treated last summer. lIe al 0 referred to tre fact that upl. A. G. King had gained a fir t-cla s 111 tr uctor' certJlicate 111 .R.P.

:'IIi s paid tribute to the ,,"ork carried out by nlt'm hers of the Ilursing division, under 1\lrs. Bateman . At te a, upt. King welcomed II. \V. TO\"llsend, J.P., C ai rman of the Urban Council, and said that his presence " owe d that the. \\ ork of the Brigade was apprcciated.

Mr. Townsend said that the whole town was proud of t he Brigade and grateful for the way in \\'hich thcy \H re alway' ready and willing to assist.

\\"ORTlIlXG.-Distnct Officer \V. J. Trotter inspected th \VorthinQ' DIVIsion on October 18th "hen numerOl! I)rtsc ntation' \\ ere made.

Amb. Officer \\T. hee eman received a ervice Medal Ir 15 years' efficient ervice.

Ex-Cadet 'upt. lauo-hter was the recipient of a IlH r watch from members and cadet.

The In:pecting Officcr said the members had shown tl- dt thcy were \\ orthy holders of the" Cotton' Shield Diyisiona1 trophies wcre presented as fo11ows:"Ed ith \"igor" Cup-Pte. H. C. Duval.

" John Robert" Cup-CorpI. La hman.

Amb. Officer II. R. Child handed the •. Henry Russell " Cl','), of which he is the donor, to Pte. S. Pendry for g-ene ral efficiency, and a replica of the cup to CorpJ. \'irgoe, last year's winner.

Cadet J. Richard, one of the youngest members, won the Cadet Cup.

The parade was under the command of Supt. L. C. Butc her.

o. IX District

LISKEARD -Lieut.-CoI. VV. Blackwood, D.S O. County Commissioner} accompanied by County Officer C. Landrey and Corps Officcr T. C. Tresidde r Ill .pe cted the Liskeard Division on 17th, when he strlssed the importance of A.R.P.

The parade was under Supt H. H. \ Venmoth, assisted b) Amb Officer \V. Blackwell; the Looe Section was unde r Dr. M. C. Cooper; Callington, Corpl. H ]. H.oll oway ; and Pensilva, CorpI. P Geach In addition Ll sk eard and Callington Cadets were on pa rade

AID I 17

Those present included Mr. F. Temple Roberts (President) and Mrs. Roberts, Mrs . H. I. Young (Lady President) the Mayor (A ld. E. Spurway) and others.

Col. B lackwood carried out a very thorough inspection of uniforms and equipment, and tested the for efficiency in squad and stretcher drill.

Addressing the parade, Col. Blackwood said he was pleased with the turn-out and could find no fault. On his next visit he hoped to see the Division equipped with a nice new Vauxhall ambulance.

Referring to A.R.P., he stated that many Grade instructors were required to teach the general public. Concluding his remarks, Col. Blackwood said that the Division had an ideal leader in Supt. Wenmoth and were fortunate in having a President who took so much interest in them

Dr. Cooper urged that every man, woman and child should prepare against an emergency that might arise as a result of enemy attack.

After the parade the President and Mrs. Roberts entertained officers, men and visitors to refreshments

Supt. Wenmoth thanked and Mrs. Roberts for their kind hospitality and appealed for more recruits.

Mr. Roberts expressed his pleasure that Col. Blackwood had taken the inspection The people in Liskeard were very proud of the ambulance division He was confident that the appeal to be made shortly would enable a new ambulance to be purchased

No. X District

lPS\VIcH .-The annual dinner and presentation of awards of the First Ipswich and Orwell \ Vorks Divisions was held on November 6th, ,,·hen Div. Surgeon Eric Biddle (Orwell) presided, supported by Supt. E . R. Sawyer and G orton.

Dr. W. F. Fryer (County Commissioner), proposing the toast of "The Divisions," traced the history of the ambulance movement in Ipswich. Being one of the oldest serving members, Dr. Fryer was able to recount personal experiences associated with the early days. He appealed to friends of serving members to enrol in classes for the study of A R.P. Supt. Sawyer (First Division), in reply, referred to the great help he had received from members of the medical profe sion and the untiring efforts of J. Oliver (Secretary). The Division had, until recently, the distinction of being the only Ambulance Division with a lady surgeon at its head. upt. Norton (Orwell Works Division), also replied and expressed the hope that similar annual functions would be arranged. He contended, and rightly so, that gatherings such as the dinner tended to make friends} not only among individual members) but between divisions.

At the fourth annual first aid competitions organised by t he Canterb ur y Centre of the St. J ohn Ambulance A sociation, at the D ri ll H a ll , Canterb u ry, on Saturday, October 23rd, As h fo rd \ ,vo r ks \ve r e the winners, South A hford second, and Swale D ivisio n , K. C.c. third.

SOCIAL EVENTS.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Social and other activities. Samples will be sent on request.

Priory for Wales.

PRIORY

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent were o-iven a most loyal and enthusiastic reception in Cardiff on 19th and 20th, when the chief object of their visit to the City was to participate in functions arranged by the Priory for \Yales. Following the assumption of office as Prior, His Royal Highness had attended General Assembly at Cardiff on November 6th, 1936; but this year's Royal visit was doubly attractive by reason of the association of Her Royal Highness he Duchess of Kent in her capacity of Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for V\Tales.

Their Royal Highnesses having indicated a to attend a Ball in aid of Priory funds, a functIOn which proved in every way worthy of the occasion was organised by

of Plymouth, P.C., extended a welcome to the Royal Prior o which His Royal Highness responded.

A statement on the financial position was prest:.nted by the Treasurer, Mr. D. 1\1. Evans-Bevan, J.P., E. J. Trevor Cory, O. B. E., presented a report as Ho spi taller of Bridgend, Professor Georg-e Knox, 1\l. 1. 1\1. E , F.G.S., Director of Ambulance, reported on the work of t he Association Department; and 1\lr. James Griffiths, I\1.P ., submitted a report as Director of Tran port.

I r. Charles H. Keen was appointed a Trustee of the Priory in succes ion to the late lr. Hugh ;\1. I ngledc\\ t(, act in conjunction with the two Tru tees at present in oll i(r, viz , the Earl of Plymouth and Ir. D. 1\1. Evans-Bevan.

The appearance of Her Royal Hi!:!"hness in the uniform of Lady Superintendent-in-Chief was greeted with keen \! l

"Your very kind words of welcome give my wife and I much pleasure.

"We are very glad to think that our presence is helping a work of humanity in the best interests of the Welsh people.

" As Prior, I look forward with real pleasure in sustaini'1g the prestige of the Order of St. John in Wales, and to promote the progress of the ambulance movement.

" The fact that I have just presided over the deliberati ons of Chapter will prove, I hope, that I take a very serious \ iew of my responsi bilities to the Head of the O rder, His Majesty The King, and the Grand Prior, the Duke of Connaught.

" My wife has asked me to say how pleased she is to ha ve been able to take on the positiun of Lady Supt.-in( hief for "Vales, thus acquiring, like myself, an interest in th e welfare of the nursing services of the Brigade within the l riory.

'I 1 can assure you that my wife, although unable to be \ jth you as often as she would wish, will follow the high radition of the Order in \Vale

"The Lord 1\1 ayor and Corporation are to be cong ra tulated on the way in \\'hich they have assisted the

AID 1 19

in both directions, and the liquidation of its debt will alone guarantee continuity to this most effective stimulus of local initiative .

" It was a great encouragement, therefore, to receive a generous promise of .£ 1,000 from an anonymous donor after last year's General Assem bl y, and I hope that a series of erforts-of which last night's ball was one-will place the Priory for the first time on a financial footing to utilise its credit for a forward movement.

I' Among our many duties that of assisting the Government in carrying out the Home Office Scheme of Air Raid Precautions is one of the most important.

I' I want, therefore, in my official capacity as Prior, publicly to thank the 265 Grade 1 and 277 Grade 2 Instructors who have become certificated under the Priory, and to congratulate the Brigade members and civilians who are in possession of "A. R. P," and "General Public" Certificates.

"I shall watch your progress with particular and anxious attention.

"On land and sea and in the air there is always a danger to human life and health that calls for all the first aid knowledge and skill that we can give.

a Committee under the Chairmanship of Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., Assistant Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for Wales with the following officers ;-The Earl of Plymouth, P. c., the Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman Sir Herbert Hiles, M.B.E., J.P.) as Presidents, The Countess of Plymouth and the Marchioness of Bute, D.B.E., as Lady Presidents, Sir William Seager, J. P., D. L., and lr. O. Temple Morris, K. C., M. P., as Treasurers, Mrs. Charles Keen and Dr. Edgar Llewellyn as Joint Honorary Secretaries and the following M. C.'s ;-Alderman G. Fred Evans, ]. P., 1\lr. O. Temple Morris, 1\1r. Charles S. Mason, M. C., and Alderman O. C. Purnell, J. P. Nearly one thousand guests, mostly members of the Priory who had come from all parts of Wales-including parties from North Wales, were present; and the Ball was a great success both as a social event and financially, the proceeds amounting to £693, while an Officer of the Priory who wishes to remain anonymous has kindly offered to bring the amou n t up to .£ 1,000.

The meeting of Chapter held on October 20th will be recorded as an historical occasion, as it was the first time for the Prior to preside Following reading of prayers by the Sub-Prelate (The Bishop of L1andaff), the Sub-Prior, the Earl

enthusiasm by the large crowd gathered outside the entrallce to the City Hall, where the Duchess was met by the Bri gade Headquarter Staff, and inspected a Guard at IIonour from units in the Cardiff Centre; and inside the budd llg inspected over four hundred nursing members, accompa nt-:d by Lady Lewis and Lady County Superintendent the H on. Mrs. J. H. Bruce.

The gathering of over 1,000 members of the Order a'ld representative persons assembled in the Assembly Roo ll s, where a meeting of General Assembly was held at 11.30 a.m.

The members of Chapter clad in their sombre black man tles with badge of the Order emblazoned in white on the left breast, were in striking contrast to the Mayors of. W el.sh Boroughs, Aldermen and members of the CardIff City Council, who, with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayor ess of Cardiff, fully robed, occupied seats in front of the dais. The entry of the Duchess's procession was tollowed by that of the Priory; and after the playing of the National Anthem, the Sub-Prior addressed His Royal Highness and th os e assembled. In response, the Duke saId :-

" My Lord Sub-Prior, My Lords, Ladies and Gentlem an,

; Ill bulance work, particularly as it has enabled my wife and l.1y seJf to enjoy the facilities placed at the Priory's disposal on this occasion, and that of last night's ball.

" WOJld now like to speak ot" the ways and means of ru tting into practice my wish to further the interests of the Pr iory.

" I think that at the present moment nothing would be n ore constructive than the establishment of our work on a fir m financial basis.

"The pioneering developmt:nts of early days, and the of a motor ambulance transport service, involved us 111 expenditure, and resulted in a debt, which is ( nly be1l1g slowly and laboriously liquidated.

" It is very important, therefore, that the Priory should be place? in credit for two purposes of expansion, namely th e loan 109 of money to divisions for the purchase of equipment, and for the erection of ambulance halls

"It is essential that this should be done as soon as D,o ssibl.e .in order to take advantage of the grant of the CommissIOner for the Special Areas, which expires on April 1s t, 1938.

,. The Priory has already advanced can iderable sums

I' As many ambulance men and women as can be mobilised through the agency of the Order of St. John are scarcely enough to deal with such accidents.

" I know, however, that the fine spirit of the members of the Order of St. John 'I\'ill enable them not only to deal effectively with the innumerable problems which confront them, but will help them to rise superior to all difficulties, and make them worthy of so noble and so ancient an Order.

" I am proud to be Prior for Wales, but I am prouder still of the excellent work of all those who are members of my Priory."

An Investiture of members of the Order on the Roll of thf' Priory opened with prayers by the Bishop of L1andaff, following which the Prior read slowly and with due solemnity the exhortation to those to be invested.

Nursing Officers of County and higher rank, Lady Presidents of County Areas and certain Headquarter representatives were presented to Her Royal Highness, the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for V\Tal es who afterwards presented a Colour, which was consecrated by the Sub-Prelate to the Brigade. The impressive nature of this ceremonv was enhanced by the singing of an anthem in Welsh by the

T. R. H. THE DUKE A",D DUCHESS OF KENT.

Ie TVestern Afnil <S" Soutll TVales J\7ews " pllOtog-raplz.

T. R. H. The Duke and Duchess of Kent in Cardiff. H. R. H. the Duke of Kent with members of the Priory Chapter in the Lord Mayor's Parlour.

H. R. H. The Duchess of Kent inspecting the Guard of Honour outside the City Hall.

T. R. H. The Duke and Duchess of Kent in Cardiff.

T. R. H. the Duke and Duchess of Kent at the General H. R. H. the Duchess of Kent inspecting Nurses in the Assembly of the Priory for \Vales. City Hall, Cardiff.

Pontypridd \Velsh Ladies Choir, who contributed to a programme of mu ic before the commencement of the proceedim;s, in conjunction with GRrforth Mortimer's Orchestra. The strains of the National Anthem concluded a memorable occasion in the history of the Priory for \Vales.

AT DEINlOLEN.

Good ,,,eather favoured the first annual carnh'al, sports and ambulance demonstration organised by the newlyformed Vaynol Divi ion of the Brig-ade, which appeared in public for the first time wearing the uniforms provided by the Commissioner for Caernancnshire, Sir lichael DuffAssheton-Smith.

Mrs. 1. "Tmn Jones (wife of the Divisional Surgeon), Irs. l\larren, J. B. Jones and 1\lrs. \V. \Valter Jones, were the judges of the carni\"al and they also assisted in the subsequent presentation of a\\"ards to the members of the Dt!iniolen am bulance class.

A vote of thanks to all who had contributed towards the success of the event ,>vas proposed by Supt T. C. Hughes, who appealed for support in raising the funds necessary to maintain the good work whIch had been started.

Coming Events

.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or forthcoming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

1 OVEMBER

23. -Malvern Association Ambulance Competition, Winter Gardens, ':\lal\'ern.

24.-" Colman" Cup Competition, Redhill.

24.-Red Cross Ball, Grosvenor House, London.

25. -Voluntary Blood Donors' Association, Annual Dinner.

25.-City of London Police cc Aldermens " Cup Competition, Snow Hill Station.

26.-Metropolitan Police "Parsons" Shield Competition Final, Peel House.

27.-East Ham and ursing Divisions' Annual Dinner, Harmonic Hall, East Ham.

27.-First Annual Dinner, Fulham and Chelsea Divisions, S.J .A. B., Six Bells and Bowling Green, Chelsea.

30.-Cine-Iecture on and Muscles," Wood Lane School, Dagenham. Open to all. DECEMBER.

2·-Final Competition, Great Central Section, L.N.E.R., l\larylebone.

4.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District Officers' Dinner, Great Central Hotel.

10. - Hospitallers' Club l\leeting, Bonnington Hotel, London.

11.-Lady Hospitallers' Club Meeting, Northampton Institute, Clerken well.

11&12.-All-England A.R.P. Course, S.J.A.B., Great Central Hotel, London.

We are prepared to s u pply A mbulance Se c retaries and others with specimen copies of th i s J ournal for distribution among their m e mb ers. Appl y to the Publishers, FIRSr AID, 46 Ca oQQIl, lt oodon E.C

AID

Port of Bristol Authority.

The annual competition of the Bristol Dock first aid classes was held on aturday, October 23rd, when six teams competed.

The scene of the test was that of a court with Alderman E. 1. Dyer, O.B. E., J. P. (chairman of the Authority), and G. Shallard, as magistrate, and Dr. F. G. Jenkins, who judged the work, as clerk The scene was admirably staged.

It was supposed that during the hearing of a case of alleged wounding a strurrgle ensued between a con table and the prisoner, in the course of which both were rendered unconscious.

At the subsequent competition supp r Alderman Dyer, who has been closely identified with ambulance work since 1920 and has been president of the Docks first aid committee since 1930, presided, supported by :'Ilr. R. H. Jone s ,

Railway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

EWPORTJ DOCK STREET.- The fiftieth anniversary of the.. ewport, Dock Street, ambulance class was celebrn ted by its members at the Quccn's Hotel} on Oct?ber 2nd , when 1\1r. S. G. Hearn, Asst. Diy. Supt.,. presld.ed oyc r an cnthusiastic gathering. Mr. \V. E. BaInes, Dn Loc o upt., \\ ho distributed examination awards, con'yr lt ulated the mcmbers on haying so fine a lecturer as I) ' . )'lcCormac, \\ ho had acted in that capacity for 20 ) cars. The pre entations included a of the ompan)'s gold bars and medals for peflods of effi('1L'IlCY varYll1g from 15 to 30 years. It \\as recall cd that o f the clas held in the ycar 1 81, four member till survind, and l\Ir. Sundy, onc of these, gavc some :l.jo,e r cstin rr experiences of the early days of first aid \York.

• -EWTO:-;- ABBoT.-The presentation of awards to 71 III bc.r of the - cwton Abbot class took place on October 1 under the prcsidcncy of j\lr. A. \V. H. Christison, D!\,. Loco. ·upt., who complimented tht: members on the achic\'ed. He was particularly pleased to annu nnce that thc Exeter Division of which the 1 ewton Abhot class forms a unit, had been awarded the \th lonc" Bowl for the second time during the pa t three years. Thi trophy, O'i\'Cn by the Rt. Hon. ;E.arl

0: is awarded annually to the ambulance dl\'lslon prod ucing- the hig-hest proportion of recruits to the movemC'n t. The trophy \\as formally handed to Mr..R.. A. SO I1, Di\,. Amb. ccrdary, by ).Ir. R. W. HlgglJ1s Di u[>t.. \\ ho warmly praised the ?f thc lTloycment an stressed the importance of competltlOns for fur!her 'a ncctnent in ound first-aid knowlcdg-e. PresentatlOns \\'1 rc also made of gold efficiency medals and bars gained hy c la ss memberc;.

" r,Vesfenz Dail), Press En'slol lIft'rror" photograph. The Docks Annual Competitions in progress.

O. B. E. (general manager), Mr. Frank Brown g-eneral ma.nager) and members of the Dock Comtnlttee , Mr. E. A O. Webb (hon. secretary, Bristol Centre , S.J.A.A ) and others.

Dr. Jenkins placed the teams as follows: 1st, 0:.' team (captain, R. Bascombe); 2nd, No. 1 team (captam C. Williams) ; 3rd, No.4 (Docks Police) team (captain, W. Lugg).

Alderman Dyer presented the cup and medals to th e successful competitors and also awards gained at the class examination. This year a runners-up cup had been pro· vided by Mr. J ames A King. All the 108 candidates at th e examination were successful as against 91 last year.

At the Bristol Centre's annual competitions the Dock teams did very well.

During the 12 months ended September 30th, 998 cases were treated by the Docks surgery attendant Avonmouth ; 225 cases were removed to institutions and, In addition, 704 instances of treatment of minor cases were recordep,

L \u:\G.-),lr. C. II. Holmes, tation master, presided O\l:r t he anllual smoking- concert and distribution of a \ ar d to member of the Ealing Broadway ambulance cia s held at the Dra\ ton Court Hotel, on October 14th. when members of St. John Ambulance Brigade providf. d a musical programme. The Ealing class has been in e xistence for the past 25 years. and for the fourth in sllccession gained 100 per cent. examination sucCe ses. The awards werc distributed by 11r. C. T. Cox. D-v Supt., and included the 20-year efficiency to l1r. F 11aisey, the quarter century medal to \V. G. (. ode, Class ecretary, and the 35-year bar to. Mr. \V. H. Tag le. A special tribute of thanks was VOIced to Dr. Sdb y, lecturer, and to Mr. Goode, who has recently qualifiel as an A.R.P. instructor.

WOMENJS CmIPETITION TROPHY.-A new competition trop hy, to be known as the ct Florence "M. Lean" Challengc Cup , has recently been presented by Mrs. J. F. Lean for wo men employees of the Great Western Railway. The fil -;t contest for the trophy will be held at Paddington in March next, the conditions following those for thc din sional contests. Mrs. Lean has also promised to provide a replica of the trophy for each member of the winning team for th rce years , and her kindness is much

appreciated and should prove an incentive to women's ambulance classes throughout the line.

SOUTIIALL.-A social evening was held in the King's Hall, Southall, on October 11th, by members of the Southall ambulance class) when an excellent concert \v.as provided by local artistes. F. W. Green, Asst. Dlv. Supt., presented a large number of examination in addition to gold efficiency medals and bars, and compltmen ted the recipients on thei r success. 11r. F. Shadbolt, Class Secretary, who presided, wished the class every success in the coming session. On behalf of the members, )'liss C. A. Ault Centre Secretary, presented Dr. ]. )'lcKenna, their lecturer, with a wall clock in appreciation of his valued sef\'ices.

CUIPPEl\'UA)I.-The l1ayor of Chippenham, Mr. G. L. Culverwell, presided o,-er the annual and presentation of awards to members of the Chlppenham and classes at the Railway Inn. Chippenham, on October 23rd) and congratulated them on their successful session. The presentations, which \\"ere I?ade by W. N. Pellow, Div. Loco. Supt., included SlX gold effiClcncy medals. Referring to the fact that last session was a rccord one throuO'hout the line, an appeal was made for further recruits to the classes in the coming year by Councillor \V. E. Vince and \V. F. \Vills (Diyisional Ambulance Secretary).

PILKIKG.-The Pilning class held its annual gathering- at the Village Hall, on October 26th, Billy Fields and his Limits Concert Party were responSIble for a delightful programme. The function was presided over by Mr. 'V_ T. Pellow and the presentation of awards .was made by A. V. R. Brown, who also handed Sliver challenO'e cups to the competition team. Reference was made the report submitted by Mr. R. Thatcher (Class Secretary) to the splended competition record by Pilning, both in the Company's contests and 111 outide competitions.

London, Mid land and Scottish.

The annual report of the ambulance movement on the L.M.S. in England and vVales for the year ended June 30th} 1937, has recently been issued. The movement shows progress in all departments. which must be "ery gratifying to the officials of the Company and to the General Amb. Secretary, Mr. Gilbert Hill.

The examination results since 1925 are as follows: -

It will be noticed that there i an increa_e of 36 i11 1936/37 oyer the previous year, but if first-year mcn had continued their tudie this figure \yould h,l\'c becn oTcatly increased

Competition : O"ing to the influenza cpidemic at the earlier part of this year, the numbcr of teams entcring the competition \\'cre affected. EYen 0, the entrie were -+50 in number, excluding 19 women' team. :;\1ayfield (:;\1anchester) won the men's final and Glasgow" A" the women's. In the Inter-Railway Competition, teams representing- the Company occupied second and fourth places, whilst :;\1ayfield 01anchester) gained first place in the England yersus Scotland contest.

Seryice Awards: ince the formation of the Centre, 2,953 Long SefYice medals haye been awarded to mcmhcrs in England and \Vales: 1.386 bar for 20 year' senice, 675 for 2: year, 237 for 30 year. 47 for 3: years. and for -10 \,e::trs. 1n ScotlRnd 7 0 med'll'l been awarded and 1,022 bar. including- one for -+5 year,,' sen'ice.

Honours: During' the 1936 / 1937 sessiull, sen·icLs rcndered were recognised by the Order of St. John. members being' admitted as Brother and six receiying the Vellum Vote of Thanks.

General: 11r. G. S. Hill pays trihute to the i11\ 'alual1lc h elp receiyed from the medical profes ion, the han. district secretaries, di trict committee. cIa s secrctaries. instructors and welfare supen·isors.

Appreciation to the Company for the giit of prizes, medals and bars) free tickets) etc., is al 0 expressed and to the St. Tohn Ambulance Associatj on and tIle Prion' for \\' ales for the courtesy and assistance giyel1.The report on the work in Sco t land shn\\' that 2 169 members passed their exa mination durin?,' the 1936 / 1931 season, an increase of 51.

Seyenty-four teams entered for the competitions, thc final being: won hy Dundee Vlest. In the Scotti h InterRaihyay Final L.1\1.S. teams were placed third. fourth. sixth and se,'enth. The 'women's team from Glasg:ow ,yon the L.1\LS. ,yomen's competition. Tn other competitions the L.M.S. was well represented and gaincd many honours.

Fifty-fi\'e members of the L.:;\1. & S.R. Brig-ade. under the St. Andrew's Ambulance Corps, wcre awarded thc Voluntary l1edical Sen-ice medal.

Under the auspices of the S.A.A.A., many members attended classes and courses of instruction in Air Raids Precautions and were successful in g-aining- instructor's certificates.

CnmEx.-Thc annual presentation of a\\ards arranged by the Camden Ambulance Committee, took place at the Cardington Street Dining Rooms

1\Ir. G. Tixon, Goods ARent, WllO was supported by ;\1r. Tandy, Goods Ag:ent, St. Pancras, 1\11'. Reynolds, Yardmaster, Camden, and ':;\1:r. E. T. Milburn, District Secretary, presided and pres ente d 13 certificates) 4 youchers, 7 medallions, 51 labels, 4 Long: Service medals for 15 years' sen'ice, 1 har for 20 years' service, 3 for 25 years, and 1 for 35 years. Prizes for competitions were also presented to Messrs A. EYans and L. C. Slade (first-year sturlent ); rtl1ci to lh (' \\ i11l1cr" of tht · Opel1

AID

tat ion Competition) l\Iessrs. Kirkham, Pun ('s and l\Iorgan.

The Chairman, in making the presentations, CUll g-ratnlated the members on the SLlccess of the Camden A" team in the linc competition, and the honours gained by the 111cmhers gcnerally, and thanked the staff on behalf of the Company for thei r inlcrc 1.

An opportunity \\'a taken of handing to t\\O uf thl.: mcmber certificates gained in the recent A.R.P. Cour e. In annoullcing the a\\'arcls :;\1r. :;\1ilhurn stresed upon all pre el1t the nece it)' for a kllo\\ ledge 0 ( the 5ubj ect obtained.

The Secretary \\ as presented ,\ith a case of sil\'( r lea spoons from the Power Dept. Ambulance start', ill recognition of his \\'ork.

The remainder of thc eycning \\ a spent in clancillQ' A. Bendall acting as :;\1.c.

LlvERPooL.-T he "Dc Yere _hortt" Cup Compl:ti tion ",as held at Liv erpoo l 011 Saturday, Octoher and was \\'on by the Edge IIill Goods Team \\ ith a tot cJ of 192;1 marks, \yorking on a handicap of 1-+. The Lin rpool \Vaterloo Dock Team werc ecancl with 181 marks · handicap 3.

The judges were: Team te:t-]')r. \\'. Duncan Tndiyidual te t-Dr. P. L. Regan.

\\' ,\TFORD TV::'\ l.'TlO.".-A l.lrge Iltllnk'r Ilf 11Il·II'II\. " hoth olll and ilCW, g·ath<.:recl 011 ()(toh cr 12tt \\ hen :;\11'. G. L. DerhYShire, Chief (JAicn for Lahot r and Estahlishment, pre;ntcd the 1C}37 ;t\\ anI", which \\ l'l as follows: G certificates, 7 \'oucher 3 1l11<1allilllls, lahel 1 gold medal and 2 lahl'l. inr 2() Years. :;\1r. Bunkcr occupied tl;\? chair and was aCClll11l ani, I b,' :;\1e 5r Hop e, Small\\'oncl. ,\Tallill.,()n and Dr. l(C11\\ iek Class Lecturer.

The interest takcn in the is rl'llcctul in t' fact that at the cln e Cli the l1lletilll!'. 2.; Ill' \\ 11H'1l1 1l(" \\ l're C'nrolled fill' the comIng- cason,

london and North Easter"n.

Great Central "c.ctlon: The prelilllinary Cllll1pLtlti nl of the G.c. Section \\ ere held at hefficld. on :\OYC11lb r 2nd, 3rd and -+th, whcn 35 teams competed iOt' the right to contest the final competition.

Dr. J. Beyerle)' was the j udg'e and hi. pla/" the first five teams as follo"s: Tuxford Loco ., Grill's' v Dock. Ard\\'ick Traffic, N e\\" Hollal1d Ferry alld ::\1exborough.

The final competition will take place on Deccmber 2nd. 1n the Board Room, ;'IarylelJol1c tation.

TIIORPE-LE-SOKEx. - On Friday, Octohcr 29th, tII presentation of awards to memhers of the Thorp e-I okcn Ambulance Division took placc. 1\11'. W. C. HUll t presided, supported by Sir Charles J3atho, a director uf thc L.N.E.R., Capt. W. Goodley, ;\l.C (Centre Secretar) \ and Mr. T. O. Mein.

Sir Charles presented his CU]) to :;\1r. G. II. :\TillL r, of Clacton, and handed awards to thc sl1ccessful He also handed to Mr. W. C. Wadley, formerly stati Ol:master at Walton-on-Naze on oak tol)acco jar ill rec og:J11 tiOll of services renderec1.

Sir Charles impressed on the C01l1pany the l1ec cssi[\' for obtaining more young memhcrs for the amhul am'c \\'ork. There "vas something- in life as good as, or hcttl:r than, football and pictures. and that was service to ti1l'lr Fellow-men. He was glad 10 "('e S0111(, or thc s[;]l\\';]rf s 11 r 1he Division present.

FIRST

Capt. Goodlcy said they must hay e murc ) oung men if t he movement wa" to flourish. Sir Charles Batho's encouragenient had been of the greatest assislallce to thcl11 , and they were deIi.e:htecl to Ileal' he had hcen made a Commander of the Order of St. John. The llhers \\ ould 11ayc to take up something new il1 the " 'or k cOllnected with air raids, ancl it was necessary that Ihty should ha\ 'c a knowledge of the dutIes when it was required.

The SecretarY announcecl that at the re-examination 101) pcr cent. passes had heen obtained and 143 cases 0 f first aid had receiyed attcntion c1ming the year.

L.X.E.I<. team Ll' itt, captail1. E. Ern1Jlo\\', R. De. horoug-h, B. Fryatt ani \\ '. Ricl.') \\'ere sUCCt'%flll, for the second car ill -11 'l'l.'SSlllll, III the Xl \\' l',llglalld and Di _tr ict Allhlllance (hallcngc Cup at the cnmllLtitioll hcld lw)11th. :;\Tr. R. Dc borough. of thl' LX.E.R. team) CCl1fcd the highl.'·t marlc in the intii, idual -;ectifJl1.

Southern.

l)r:-;TJUl'l' U.ll Thl' hil:ld PI'\.- cllkd l1y Sir 1L bert \ValkL:r tn thl.' di:,tril,t the grLilte I 11\(rtd e ill projlOrtlOll to thl.' Illlml ll.'r IIi starf elllplllyec\ 111 1',., dIstrict. has 1)(\(' 11 a\\':tnkcl tn 1 )i st rirt 4a jor till.'

iCl1l 1936/1931.

\Ir. F. Trott (J)i trict Horsham. and his l'd :>l.'l'rl'tal'll'" attended ior the ]Irl's\.'ntatioll hy Sir lll'"hert \\" alkl'r and \\t'l'L' cfl1l!!,ratulatcd on Ileil1!!, the II Plc 1lh U1I tIll' IIcca.·inll tht' :-hield \\ as .'11' Ilnbl'l't \"alkn :-t.tll'd that it \\ as prohable that this hIt Id \\ ' Ilull! Ilflt Ill' \\ (111 11\ an \' 01lC d riet 1111 t \\'() CClll'(l,ttli\'e and illr" thi - reason hl' cfJllsiliC'rccl th('\' \\ re fortllilak to hl' the \\ i1lner' ill lhi: l11-.taI1Cl.

111 :tckn()\\ iL·(1!.611 !!,. th cflll!!,ratulatJrln ::\11'. Trl)tt sclld tha> thc)' \\ erl.' hrlllOllred hy the fart that thcy \\ aulc1 he the only eli -trirt to hayc th' pri\'llege of rccci\ il1g: the lel irom the actual donor. TIl.' thal1kcd .'ir Herhert 011 l)e hali of thc Ambulance Ccntn.: in g'Llll'ra! and hIS (iLLrict in particular, ane! _aid ho\\' gratc1ul \\ere that he "ho uld ha\'e hccn ahle to sho\\' this furtl1l'r proof oi 111';; kee nnes for thc ;\mI1l1!ance mo,,"emcnt. He as ured !IH Ge neral :\Iana!!,l'r that hi;; gift \\ ould pro\'C to be a rcal to the of thc amhulance mo\'cment on the outhern. and kcell cOll1petition for the trophy in the ,"anous districts would hc as ured for all time.

:;\[r. \Y. G. Papc. as Chairman oj the Ambulance congrat ulated the 111cn and asked that they would continue thcir good work on 11ehalf of the 1ll0\Cl11ent ;lllr! c lldc:ayour to ohtain all the recruits thn' c0l11d during til, p i'l's(,ll! SC, "ioll. -

D\R1F0 1{l).-Thc pre entation of al\ ani' tu l1lcmhers

Ili ,11e Dartford mh111ance Class \\'as made recently by jlr Rattey, Stationmaster, \\ ho remarkcd 011 the progress ll1a elc 11)' the class.

Tl:\E EL\lS.-1\Ir. A. ::\[oore, Loco. Foreman, preSUI ul the a\\ ard Rained hy meml1ers of the Nine Elm , Lor 'll. Class.

?\Ir. E. S. 11oore, Diy. Loco Running' llPt., was unahle to he prc cnt, but he sent a me sage expressing h :s pleasurc that the class \\ as still on the lll)\\ ard gTaclc.

\ presentation \\as made to 1\1r. 11 LUIlI1 (retired 1]1'1\'('r) of a case of pipes, \\'llich had 1) ('(' 11 "tlh.;;rri1wd ffll'

AID

hy members of the class in appreciation of his long 5eryice and untiring interest in the first aid 1110\'emcnt at :'-Jine Elms.

REAIJL r..-Tlle annual concert anel presentation () a\\ ards and prize in cOl1nection with the Reading cla .' took placc recently, when :;\1r. E. G. J3lackman, Station ::\lastcr, presided 0\ er a lar?,e and enthusiastic gathering-. ,'upporting the Chairman were :;\1r. L. A Thorman) Loco. Foreman, Dr. ::\1. F. ::\1urphy, Class Lccturer) :;\1r. J. \Vinterbourne and :;\Ir. II. Skidmore :;\1rs . Blackman, wifc of the Station Master) presented the a"ard to the SllCcess ful candidates .

Instances of meritorious first aid \\-o rk performcd during the year were mentioned, and tribute paid to the skilled assistance afforded on many occasion. Reference was also made to the unayoidable absence of :;\1r. E. A. Richards, Centre and to the retircment of Sir IIerbert \Valker, who had always shown much sympathy and interc t in the ambulance work. A hearty welcome was extended to his successor) Col. Gilbert S. Szlumper who, it was announced) had accepted an il1yitation to hecome Prc ident of the centre.

Conlmercial Motor Transport Exh ibition.

Of interest to readers were the ambulances exhibited at the abo\'e, which \\ as held at Earls Court from NO\'ember .ftll to 13th.

On the stand of the Austin Motor Co. Ltd" of Longhrid!;e \ \ 'orks , Birm i ngham, were sl1o "\'n an 18 h. p., 6 cylinder ambulance and a 20 h. p., 6 cylinder ambulance

The former mode l was constructed to take two stretcher cases and the equipment included knee and foot movement to Carter's stretcher gear, CIa) ton De\',"and r e heater, Dunlopillo bed and pillow, and a portable medicine c u pboard. The second model, for t\\'o stretcher o r one stretcher and five sitting- cases, included a Thermega blanket, electrically heated, with rubber sheet and rubberised hair bed, Both mode l s were of a pleasing appearance and the finish was of the u sual Austin standard.

C1cment Talbot Ltd , of Barlby- road, London, "V.iO, exhibited two ambulances. One was the ., AY 95" type with the "Lo\\'· Bridge" ambulance body. Fittings inc lud ed Carter's "Portland" ele\ ating gear accommodating two stretcher cases; two C'Irter's strtotchers with sponge r u bbe r beds and pillo\','s, t\','o first aid cab i nets, splint c u pboa rd &c . In addition to the two stretcher cases there was accommodation for sitting ca es.

T he secon d model was an "AY 9S " standa rd type, w it h accommodation for two stretchers or one stretc h er an d five sitting patients,

Vauxhall l\lotors Lt d ., of Luton, Beds ha d o n sho \', a Vauxhall specia l ambulance with tIle well-lmow n L omas ,/ "type body The independent torsion-ba r front w h eel springing and hydraulic shock absorbers a r E' a d mirably u i ted for ambulance "'ark The interior \\'a l ined wi th three - ply, whilst the Aooring, removable, was hel d in posit io n by anti - rattle fittings. The stretcher o n the nea r si d e was of an all me ta l character, by I-I. L omas Ltd., 18, C ity -roa d i\ a n c h ste r , wit h patented h ea d moyeme n t an d o n w h ee ls wh c h ass isted in t h e loading and un loa d in g O n t he off ide w as a t u rnover eat an d st r etche r platform to accom m odate five sitting ca es or one stretcher case. T h ere '\'as a lso an atte n dant's seat, bRl1dRge cabinet, sp l ints, etc., i ncl ud e d in the fitting-so

Th e second amb ul ance, a Bedford De Luxe, ha d accommo d atio n for two st r etchers or one stretcher an d five si t t in g pat ie n ts, a n d w as pro\'i d ed with two stretche r s, st r etc h er hed, medical cabinet a n d large splint c u pboard

FIRST

Police Ambulance News.

lETROPOLITAN.

Entries this year for the II Parsons" shield competition were again received from e\'ery division, with the result that t,,'o eliminating round had to be arranged. These were held on October 26th and 29th at Peel House, when the judges for both conte ts were Capt. F. E. Bendix (team) and Dr. 1\1. 1\1. Scott (imlividual),

Of the 23 entrants the following divisions will contest the final, which is to be held on November 26tll, "V," " S " " F " " 1'1 " " X " " G " " Y" " \V" " Z" « B " , As be with two the tests set ,,'ere of a bigh standard requiring excellent work to obtain the maximum marks.

The team test set on the first date was that of a man who collapsed outside a police station after being- attacked by a gang. The weather was foggy and three members of the team (lOS. 2, 3 and of) were in the canteen indulging in a game of darts. No. 1 was on duty in the station and \Vas called to the patient by the Station Sergeant (a rather surly and officious individual-according to the judge's description). On examination the was found to be suffering from wound back of neck and scalp, conrusiS)(1 on forehead, fractured right ribs and dislocation of left hip.

In the individual room competitors had to deal with a patient suffering- from hernia and ruptured right biceps muscles (lOS. 1 and 5) ; a patient with fracture of skull, arterial h::emorrhage from overlaying wound, and a punctured wound left cheek penetrating to mouth (N os. 3 and 4) ; whilst No.2 had a question on the vertebrae column.

On the second day the same setting was used in the team test, but this time Nos. 1, 2 and 4 \vere in the canteen and No.3 in the charge room. The patient rushed into the charge room falling to the ground g-roaning and moaning, having apparently been run over by a motor. In this rest the station sergeant was a rather cheery but unhelpful individual (according to the judge's descrir'tion). The marks allotted were as fo11o\\'s ;I mmediately to patient with reassuring words

Doctur ( h a lf- an-hour)

Hospital (two miles)

GENERAL EXAMINATlO:--:.

How do you feel (terrible, stitled and faint)

Pulse-Rate (rapid)

Strength (weak)

Failing (yes)

Breathing-Rate (rapid)

Depth (laboured)

Accompaniments (stertorous, yawning sighing) (yawning and sighing)

Irregular (no)

Odour of breath (peppermint)

Signs of air hunger-specified (yes)

Is there pallor of lips (yes)

Head-back, scalp, temples

Note contusion back of calp

Two ears and nose for (no)

Mouth -blood, froth, burns, toreign bodies (no)

Eyes-ohject to touch (yes)

Bloodshot (yes)

Pupils-Respond to light ()e )

Size dilated) '

Equal (yes)

Trunk and limbs - fractures, dislocations, prain, etc.

Note mark on clothing - right side of chest

Investigate and find brui e

Note fracture upper end left fibula

Steady and support left leg, holding ankle and foot

Temperature of kin (cold)

Is skin clammy (ye )

Indicate medical aid-\'ery urgent

Frequent reference to pulse (still present)

Ha\'e you any other pain (no) '

TREATi\1EKT OF H E;\lORRIlAGE FRO;\\ Jl'\TER:,\, /\L ORCA!\'

Sprinkle cold water on face

Smelling salts

Ice to suck or cold water to drink

Ice bag over region of chest brui e Avoid other forms of stimulant

TREAnlENT OF FRACTURE.

Splints - outer and inner side

Well padded

Extending from above knee to beyond foot

Bandages-C. E. (broad).-\.. B. D.

TREATMEKT OF BRUISE-BACK OF I-lEAD.

Lint soaked in equal parts pirit and water or ice or cold water dres ings . .. .. ,

Now examine wound dressing and enquire (controlled)

TRANSPORT TO A"IBULANCE.

Prepare and test stretcher

Correct positions-turning knee

Correct support of patient

Care of injured parts

Careful and even lifting of patient

Stretcher directly beneath

Slowly and g-ently lower to centre of canvas

Lift stretcher-slow ly and evenly

1arching-stepping off-short steps, knees bent, no spring

Halt, steadily

Lower stretcher-slowly, evenly, gently With head one pace from p,nd of am bulance

LOADING AMBULANCE.

Fixing slings

Correct positions for loading

Grasp handles-hands wide apart

Stretcher level at full extent of arms

Side pace to am bulance

Pl ac e runners on noor of ambulance 1 raise foot of stretcher... 1

Gen tly push stretcher into place-numbers 2 and 3 making- way .)

Na ne, address, telephone number, etc. 2 Care , tact, sympathy and reassuring patieIJt throughout 4

Total 200

The individual tests were: Nos. 1 and 5 :-Patient from profuse nose bleeding with fractured lower jaw (artificial teeth present) ; No.2 and f :- Foreign body in ey e and broken needle imhedded in left index finger with ar te rial hremorrhag-e; No.3 ;-Had a question dealing with phs ical igns and symptom of coma.

On the whole the \\'ork done was good, but there were slips made which \\'er not expected of experienced teams. Chief In pector Frith, of Scotland Yard, was the compe It ion secretary

CIT Y OF PECIAL CON TABULARY.

The annual competition of the ,. B" Di\'i iOll (North :\rea) for the .\mbulance halleng-e Cup was held in the La \t ood Police tation on unda)" October 10th. Messrs. F. ( mith (practical) and \\'. E. DePoiy (\'iva voce), both mel be r of the J. A. B , hei ng the The result \\',lS: 1 t, eclion Leader C. H. Gray; 2nd, E io n Leader .\. W. ;\Ioppett; 3rd, .jC. R. A. Shaw. ia l prize for thc be t recruit was won hy S. j C. "B" 1b G. Bourne.

If \ OF PECL\L CONSTABULARY.

D uring- the summer Illonth continuation c1asse have been he ld on c\'ery first and third \Vednesday the attendance th be t for some ycars, . , I' dre her lecture., practical work and discu sions have bee h eld, whilt on 1ll<1.1l)' occasions Capl. A. C. 'White Knox , .\1.B. ('hief 1\1.0.) has addres ed the members f he training of per.onnel in A. R, P. is now in full Swiller.

A. R. P. EqUipment.

.\ t the recent Joint Fire Conference of Great Britain 1L > . Robert, lcLean & Co. Ltd., of 4, Lloyds-avenue' L Ol o n, E C..'), a complete range of passive eq uI1 ment addItIOn to fire fighting gear. \ one-pLece gas-proof suit, which also offers high resista nce heat,. wa exh.'bited. Thi suit has ingenious 'l ll1gS whIch enable It to be donneJ and made gas-tio-ht 10 a fe w second. Such a suit has a great advantage th e pr otective clothing one has to use at A. R. P. courses.

0- O ther :xhi?its included the C.F.S. full-sight gas mask, to"" ',t her wllh Its many types of filters, including a high effi CIe ncy one for all war gases, pass i ve defence instructional models realis,tically vesicant wounds, a compressed air beathlOg set, and an oxygen set \V Or tng with a full mask.

S O f great interest was the resuscitator invented by u lajor Panis, of the Paris Fire Brigade, whereby persons can apply the Schafer method of artificia l The app li ance is s imple, safe, and highly l Cle nt and can be bro u g h t instantly into action.

A. R.P. Staff-Work for Rankers.

POTN rs FRO,\f O FFIC[AL PUBLlCATIO 's AND LECTURES.

By E. E. HAMMER.

(Conb'nued from page 68.)

WE last discussed the work of first aid parties, and stressed that persons allotted to serve in them should be sound, level-headed first aiders, capable not only of efficient "urgent" first aid together with common sense co-operation with other services, such as air raid wardens, rescue squads, etc., but also of discrimination as to disposal.

Ima gine a group of casualties occurring, let us say, in the street. They will be attended to by first aid parties, who will do what is necessary on the spot (i. e , arrest urgen t h.:emorrhaae, i m mobilise fractures, get rid of grossly co;taminated outer clothing), and then decide, in every case whether it should go :-

(1) Direct to the casualty clearing hospital (usuall y by am bulance); or

(2) To the first aid post (by ambulance, by bei ng carried on a stretcher, or walki ng supported or alone) ; or

(3) Straight home with directions to seek attention later.

(a) Cases for the casua![y clearing hospital are those who need u7-gent surgical or medical attent i?n (e.g ., need. almost immediate major operatIOn, or need skIlled medical attention for such as lung irritant gas poisoning.) If contaminated as well, they will be " cleansed" at the hospital.

(b) Cases for the first aid post will be those whose presen t needs are satisfied by good first aid in an establishment equipped and staffed to give under cover, where there can be time taken and li ghts used, and whe re the conditions are better than those under which the' 'immediate" first aid of the first aid parties had to be given. Some of these cases may need attention from a doctor later (i.e., when the stress immediately following an attack is over). They can have their own doctor home, or can attend an out-patient department or suraery when things have quieted down. Contrast,b for example, a fracture of the upper limb, which might be one of these cases, with a wound of Lhe abdomen which should of course go straight to C.C.H.

The first aid post is equipped not only to give treatment to these cases, but also to '( cleanse" them if contaminated. It will also provide cleansin a facilities for the ttnwounded contaminated. 5

(c) Veryslightly wounded cases, tear aas cases or slightly affected nose gas cases, can directed straight home, with reassurance and advice.

STRETCHERS AND A IBULANCES

For the transport of cases from the streets to the C.C. H. or first aid post, stretchers and ambulance vehicles will be needed. The possibi l it y of the use of gas , with the consequent introdu c tion o f the factor of contamination , renders unsuitable the stretcher at present in general use, which is made lar g el y of wood and canvas. All - metal stretchers ha ve been su gg ested and various kinds have been ad vertised in the Press. Those stretchers are, of c ourse, capable of ready decontamination.

Ambulance vehicles would appear to be needed in g reater numbers than can be supplied by the use of the present municipal accident and other ambulances. It has been sug g ested, in articles and addresses , that commercial vehicles of various kinds mi g ht be used for stretcher-cases, and that some kind of supporting framework would enable stretchers to be carried in two tiers These adapted commercial vehicles would o ffer a much s impler decontamination problem than the present peace-time ambulances , which might be kept for use between C. C. H.s and Base Hospitals, when the possibil ity of contamination from th e cases carried would not arise. Adapted vans and so on may not be so luxuriously comfortable, but the journeys will be short and the exigencies of the si tuation paramou nt.

TH E FIRST AI D POST.

First aid posts , whose functions have been discussed, are sited in accordance with the principle made necessary by the possibility of cont amination by persistent gas. In centres of population the y should be so placed that no person has further than one mile to travel to reach one. This means that First Air! Posts 3.re situated in the centres of touching circles each of radius 1 mile -i.e., Posts are 2 miles apart from one another. The three classes of case for whom the Post caters are set out in official Handbooks as :-

(1) The less severely wounded who are NOT contaminated.

AID

(2) Cleansing of contaminated cases before entry to the first aid section.

(3) Adequate space (and light) for fir st aid

(4) Protection from gas, blast a nd splinters ; room for stretcher entry; w ater supply; materials of flooring and walls of " duty" rooms capable of easy washing do wn.

(5) Room for cases to wait and reco ver after recei vi ng first aid. (To be continued.)

Durh a m, Cl eve l and a n d We st mo rla nd Di stri cts Ambul a nce le a gu e.

An important a te r at io n h as bee n m a d e in th c ru le s LIt th e a nnu a l comp e ti.ti o n fo r th e" D o n a ld B a in " s hi e ld und (;r th e a u s pi ce s of th e a b ove L eag u e. T ea m s e n ter i ng the c omp e titi o n a re n o w a ll owe d t o in cl ud e two m e m be r of a pre v io u s s u ccessf ul tea m the o ld rul e a llo w e d o ne only.

Arr a n geme n t for t h e 1 93 co n tes t ha\'e n ow been mad e, Ir. W J C h a rl to n , H ;\1. I nspector of being- ch airm a n in s u ccessio n to Mr. T. Green land D a\ ies, and l'. lr. Geo r ge \ Vat k in, of 5, i\l ode l-"lreet, \Iorton, en. D UI ham, secreta r y.

Mr. W at kin, who has n u\\ cumpleted 5 1 year:. in lll(' a mbul a n ce m ove m e n t, 14 as sec r etary of t h e L eag-u c , has t h is yea r b ee n pr omoted to Co m ma nd e r of th e Or d e r of St. J o hn. T o o ur r ep rese n tat ivc h e a id th at a l t h o u g h 55 eams e n te r e d fo r t h e las t competitio n the cOlllm i ttee wa anxi oll t h at e n t ri es sho uld he furthe r in creased.

Th e fo ll ow in g d a tes h a\ e hee n arrang-cd : " 0 011 tid Bai n " D i\' isio n a l competitions, J a nu ary 22nd: "Eli zaL ·th Hai n" Di vis iona l competitio n s, Febr u ar) 5th; fin a ls al Durh a m o n Sat urday , Fehr u a r y 1Clt h Entries clo se 011 J a nu a r y 5th , 1938 A ll m e n e n gage d in mi n es an d q uarries in Durh am, Cl eve la nd a nd vV est m o rl a nd a r e e l igib l e to compete. The " D o na ld B a in " is fo r se ni o r teams comroscd o f n\'e m n, but n o t ea m s hall in cl ude mo r e t h an t \\' o me m ber who have bee n m e m be rs o f a tea m wi nnin g- t h e hie ld p re\ io u s ly.

" The " Eli zabet h B a in " s h ie ld is fo r j uni o r team s COIllpose d of fi ve m e n fo u r \\'h o h ave n ot p rev io u s ly compet ed in any o f th e se nior compet itio ns a nd o ne m a n wh o h as been a m e mber of a co mp et in g team whi c h h as not \\' on the " D Oli a ld B a in " s hi e ld

Ith independent front wheel springing, this de-luxe

Am bu Ian ce by Vauxhall is one of the smoothest and most comfortable riding ambulances on the r ?a d Its 2S h p. Six-cylinder eng i ne is remarka b ly sile nt and smooth running, while the synchromesh gears and qU iet transmission are especial features

VAUXHALL Ambulance

(

2) The less severe l y wounded who ARE contaminated as well.

(3) The contaminated who are not w ounded.

The layout of the Post as described in the Handbooks is based upon this administrative separation of classes, and is intended as a guide in selecting, in peace time, buildings for adaptation as Posts in time of need. This layout is not meant to be hard and fast-it is a guide and an example, setting out principles to be app l ied in the light of the plan and structure of each available building earmarked. The main points appear to be:- .

(1) Casting of contaminated outer clothing before entry to the Post.

Dr. D. L. B ea t h, th e n e w Co unt y Commi ss ion e r to r Somers e t, of th e S J. A.B , r ece ntl y in s pect ed th e l\1i nehead Di.vision and wa rml y complim e nt ed the m e mb e r s on t hei r s martn es s

At a lecture in the Connaught H a ll, New castle , on October 21st, Mr. C. H. Holland, s ecretary of th e Bloo d Transfusion Service, said tha t this ye a r in T y ne s ide ar ea over 187 transfu s ions had be e n gi ven.

The St. John Ambul a nce first aid box in Wemble y H ighroad caught fir e last month. It was uno ccupied at th e time, but a passer-by saw s mok e issuing from under the d oor, an d called Wembley fire brigad e , whose station is onl y a fe w yards awa y Damage wa s very slight.

The New VAUXHALL " S" type AMBULANCE

V AUXHALL AND BEDFORD AMBULANCES

Bedfor d A mbulance chassis £ 195 Bedfor d Sta nd ar d 2 -Stretcher A mbulance £403 Be d

£673 with these features

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE SISTER.

10. 1 DISTRICT, S.J. A. B.

PADDINGTON NURSING DI\'lSION.-Officers and members of the No. -+S (Padding-ton) Division met recent ly to pay tribute to the untiring services rendered by Lady Supt. Gitsam, who is retiring after a period of 19 years in the Brigade.

The presentation took the form of a plated coffee set, and best wishes were expresse d for her spet.dy restoration to health.

'WATFORD NURSING DI\ ISION. - The first Divisional competition was held at the ambulance hut on October 26th. The cup, which had been bought with members' donations, was competed for by 15 sisters, and they were judged by Dr. P. Kay and Dr. 1\1. liller.

The trophy "vas won by Miss K. Bagshawe, liss E. Puttock was second. The presentation was made by 1\1rs. Coates, the l'.layoress, who was accompanied by the l\layor.

Addressing the nurses, the Mayor said that he felt they did their work much too g uietl), and suggested that they made a little more noise about it. He had always been interested in their movement, and he wished them every success. He would like to see a greater interest taken in the Division, a great many more ladies following their example with an increase of membership of the Division.

The Di\ ision was formed in 1901 by Dr. C. Herbert Hall. At present there are 27 members. one having completed 20 years' service.

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.

The" Compton" cup competition, open to teams from nursing divi ions in Hampshire, took ]Jlace on Saturday, O c tob e r 23rd. Five teams l'ntered.

The test was gl\ en by Dr. Bottomley, O. B. E., County Surgeon. Two men were suppospd to have been injured when a ladder ",;as knocked over by a motor car, one sustaining- fracture of both thighs, and the ot her a dislocated elbow. After first aid treatment both patients were taken to hospital.

Sister B e llamy judged the bed-making, and Sisters Thomas and Harding gave home nursing tests.

Asst. Commissioner Major Morse presented the prizes. The results were: 1, Meyrick, led by Lady Supt. Miss Jones, 161! marks; 2, South bourne, led by Amb. Sister Miss Cox, 158 t The latter team won the special H. N. prizes given by Lady Supt. Miss Sowton.

About seventy visitors were entertained by the Southbourne Nursing Division on this occasion. Among them were Rev. J. Campion, Corps Chaplain; Lady Corps Supt. Miss Aish, Div. Surgeon Dr. Hall and Lady Corps Officers Gardiner and Mrs. \Nilson.

PARKSTONE CADETS -A competition, which it is proposed to make an annual event, was held on Wednesday, October 27th, at the Brigade Hall, Parkstone. It was for a challenge cup given by Mrs. Candy, late Supt. of the Poole Corps. Seven g-irls entered and showed themselves expert in the first aid test set them, in which a person was

supposed to have scalded her left forearm, to have fall en, and in so doing, sprained h rankle.

The winner was lar)' Vick, with 84 points, Iris Je ffers having 73 and Joan Wood 69.

The tcst was arranged by Div. urg-con Dr. L aura Maule Horne and Lady Corps upt. 1\lrs. Bnyle.

At the close, the cup was handed to the ",inner by Mr.. Lansdown, Lady County Onlcer, to whom a bOUqUl t w,s presented by ] unior Cadet Br nda 1\10\\,la111, \\ ho al 0 handed bouquets to 1\1rs. Bo) Ie and Dr. IIorne.

The judge heartedly congratulated tile competitors all the very capable manner in which they had handled t:IC case. ShE had b en impre sed by the stt' ad), \\'ay in w hich they worked, and by the ah ence of flurry and ( xcitem ll This all reflect d the highest credit on Lady Cadet u, Irs. Rawlinson, who was re for their training.

No. 3 DISTRICT, .].A. B. ST. PETER'S NURSING ocial e\'cning- \\as held on Friday, October 22nd, at which award, inclu ding A. R. P. certificates, gained during the year, \\'er pres ulted by 1\1rs. ] E. Allan.

Dr. J. E. Allan 'was asked to accept a pencil antl no tebook as a small acknowledgment of hi kindne s in gi\ing two courses of lectures.

Lady Corps Supt. :\1 rs. :\1 ilton, who presidet.l, ap peal ed for more recruits for the Division.

No. 5 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. CO;\1PETITION AT ELLAND. - The annual competiti on fo r the" 1\1iss 'Wilson" shield was held at clland on atu n.la), October 30th, ""hen nine teams entered. Competiti o n .\ as very keen, amI Hebden Bridge did well to secure 16 pOln.t s, Dewsbury coming second \\'ith 1-+9, afld Todll1ordon tlmd with 147. This is the third time in four yeClr a team from Hebden Bridge Nursing Division has \\ on the shield , a nd they are to - be hearted I)' congratalated on their fine performance.

The trophy and prizes were presented by 1\lrs. l\ladd oc ,5 The membt:'rs of the winning team received handbags. Lady Supt. Miss Moore and Dr. Francis acted as and they were thanked for their services on the moti on of Mrs. Ingham.

No. 10 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. INSPECTlON OF IpSWICH CORPs. - The importan ce of training- in Air Raid Precautions \'\'as stressed by L;]dy Foreste r on Sunday afternoon, October 10th, when, staff officer to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, she earn ed out an inspection of the Nursing- Di\ isions of the Jpswich Corps at the British Legion Hall, Ipswich.

Addressing the parade, Lady Fore!:ter congrat ulate d them on their smarlness and said she would be able to nl'lke a very good report to Lady Perrott. She congratulat ed th e Suffolk Area on having an Air Duties Division, the fir st she had ever inspected.

No mo d ern comma nd e r she continued, co u ld pO SSib ly overlook the val u e of gas as a weapon. Un less a popul atio n

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was highly oro-anised, its use would probably cause much panic amongst ci\·ilians. In such an emergency, per ons trained in methods of combatting gas warfare and its effect would be invaluable. Therefore, the kno\dedg-e to be gained at lectures on this subject wa of the utmo t value, and members of the Brigade who were training in this connection were rendering a great sen'ice to their country, They should also do their best to persuade their friends to join the Brigade, and undergo training in Air Raid Precautions.

Lady Forester also commented favourably on the 1\ledical Com.forts' Depot \vhich she visited before the in pection, and said the manner in which it was run was up to the traditions of the Brigade.

The parade, \\ hich included about 100 adult members a well as cadets, was in charge of Lady Corps Supt. 1\1 i s Ho ack, and among tho e who were present were Dr. \V. ]. Fryer, Acting County Commissioner, Lady District upt. 1\lrs. Porter, Lady County Officer 1\1iss Parker, Count) Surgeon Dr. A. Cloudesley Smith, Irs. Hos ack (Pre ident, I pswich ursing Division), Corp urgeon Dr. P. ,,'einer, Lady District Oltlcer 1iss Bohun Coulcher, l\1 iss L. Haggar, A. R. R. C. (a former Lady County Officer), Sister l\Iiller (Sister Tutor, Luton Hospital), Lady Supt. 1\1iss 1\1. Hart (;\ledical Comforts' Depot).

Following the inspection, Lady Forester presented a number of awards to members of the Divi ions, including that to 1\liss Hossack of the Army Gas School certificate with distinction. Go elin, 1\liss Botwood and l\liss Walker received their 'warrants as officers.

V.A. D. COMPETITIOl\' A:T SHREWSBCRY.

The annual County V. A, 0, competition was held at Shrewsbury, on Thursday, October 2 tho The County shield was competed for by No, 1 1\ursing Division, S.].A.B , and teams from Red Cross Detachments at Shrewsbury, \Vell1, \Vhitchurch, Ludlow and Ellesmere. In addition a team from Llansantffraid, winners of the County competition, competed for the " Powis-Pryce-Davies /I cup, presented for competition between the two countips.

On his resignation, Sir Edward Headlam, late County Director, B. R.C.S., presented a cup for competition between junior Red Cross teams in the county of Shropshire, no member of which was to have been in a competition before. Shrewsbury, vVem, 'Whitchurch and Ludlow entered, and hrewsbury were the winners.

Dr. Spark, Dr. Gilchrist, Dr. Egan, Miss Bedingfield of the Royal Salop Infirmary, and irs. Finchett of Oswestry, judged the various tests, while Mrs. Andrews, Lady County Officer, S.].A.B., ;\lrs. Colthurst, Commandant of Bridg-north V A. D., and liss l\linshall, Commandant of Oswestry V. A. D., judged the uniforms.

The prizes were presented by a former County Controller, Mr. Swire.

The results of the tests were :-

County competition :- 1, Shrewsbury, B.R.C.S., 802 marks; 2, Ludlow, 3, Shrewsbury, S.]. A. B., 776t; 4, Whitchurch; 5, Wem ; 6, Ellesmere.

" Headlam /I cup: - 1, Shrewsbury; 2, Ludlow; 3, Wem ; 4, Whitchurch.

"Powis-Pryce-Davies" cup :-1, Shrewsbury, B. R.C. S., 426 ; 2, Whitchurch, 425.

V.A. D. INSPECTIONS.

Voluntary Aid Detachments from Kettering, Welling-borough, Northampton, Rothwell, Higham Ferrars, Peterborough and Towcester had their annual inspection at the Territorial Hall, Northampton, on Saturday, October 30th. The inspecting officers were Col. S. G. Walker, A. O. M.S., of the Southern Command, assisted by Major 1\1. Morr s and Major Hamilton of the R.A M.C., and :\1i55 Robinson, R R. C , assisted by Sister Webster.

The Lord Licutenant, the 1arquess of Exeter, and Dr. L. vV. Dryland of Kettering were among those present.

On l\londay evening, October 8th, at Streatham II a ll an in pection was carried out hy l\lajor Bowie, R.A.:\1.c., V. A. D. Lonuon 354. This detachment is formed frOI11 the Brixton and Tulsc IIill Nursing- Divisions, S.J.A.B.

After the inspection, the members \\'ere thorou ghl\, examined to te t their knowledge of first aid, home l1ur si n'; cooking and air raid precau(.ions, a displny of practical being given.

1\1iss Hansley Smith, 1. B. E., the Commandant, was in charge of the parade, and l\lajor Bowie was intere<,t ed til note that detachment wa holding \\"eekly meetings now, and hoped to obtain many new recruit.

1el1lber of Acomb ursing Di\'i<,ion, S.] .• \. B , bo form V. A. D. 88, had their annual insp('clion on O ct ) r 12th, when a vi it wa paid by General rGeneral Leslie, and l\1 iss] Icrdl11an. -

Colonel Scntterley congrntulated the Division up on its excellent \\'ork, and presented the EI e" trophY to Lad\' Supt. lis Barlow. Thi silver bound book wa. \Von by the Acomb Division for being 100 per cent. enicient durin g the year 1936.

Other cups won by this Oi\ ision during the past t\\clw months, \,\' hich were on \'iew, \\ ere the" .hhberry " c u p. the " Herdman" cup, the" i\lilner)) cup and the" TI a r lm'" cup.

The Divi ion ha.s a member hip of 24, \\ ho \\ ork three dayS a week at the York ount)' Hospital at which:; 0 h urs have been spent since January of thi year. ome ll7 l'a es have also been treated in their home under doctor'" or der

Chri st.ll as G."eet in g Ca r-(I s

For members of the Order of to John the tl)ll' S Dcrartment a t St. John's Gate ha\ e this year is ::, uL'd a new Christmas card.

This is an excellent reprodu tion, in Cl)lour , ll+ the interior of St. John's Church, Valletta, :"I1alt<1, from a \\,I.'ercolour by G. F. Brocktorrr, 1825. PriL'L'<; are 1/ - ca h or 10/ 6 per oozen, a small extra charg-e being made for pri )';ngnames and addre seC). 1n addition to this c,trd th e t\\"o published in previous years howing na\ tl a c ti\ities of the Order (seventeenth century) against the Turk and in the 1editerranean are available at 6 6 per dozen. of the Association and of the Brigade can purcha se these cards under the regulations g-O\ erning the \\ eari n:-:- of " Order's" tic.

For the Brigade proper there is an excellent mental" card. The front is a cluster of draped fl ags, In colour, symbolising the origin and progress of t he mov ement, together with the badge of the Brigade. Inside is otted to take two sizes of photograph, so that units may insc.rt pi c tures of local interest. There is availnble a sp lendi d photograph of S1. John's Gate which can be purcha sed ,\it h the cards.

Prices are 3d. each, or 2 6 per dozen, with out the photograph, or 4d. each and 3/ 6 per dozen with the photograph; all post free Name and address can be Rdd ed at a nominal charge.

We would mention that there is also aVRilablc a reproduction on art paper of the new Order's card l11e as unn ginches by 9 inches, which would make an ex cellen t picture when framed, cost 1 /- post free.

The small pocket diaries for 1938 are also a vadab e at 3td. each, post free.

Early application to the Stores Department, St. J oh n's Cate, London, E.C.1, is recommended.

FIRST . , But can't help scratching!'

When patients scratc h at i tch in g sk ins, smear on Spbagn<:ll ointment at once. F J'om t h e first louch it is soothi n g and T his is beca use Sphagnol ointment contains a r emarkable dist il late of peat \vhich at the same time k ills germs and re lieves pain. Buy a tin lo-day, an d a l ways h ave it ha n dy. Srhagno l costs 1 3, and (extra s ize tin) 2 / -.

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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries \Yill be dealt with under the following rules :-

1.-Letters containing Queries must be on the top Idt-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, -1-6, Cannon-street, Loodon, E.C.4.

2 - A11 Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook , to "'hich reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.J,A.A. Manual of First Aid.

USE OF RIN G PAD.

S.S. (Co\'entry) - Would you kindly setLle an argument between myself and some fellow members of the Brigade as to the use of the ring-pad? I maintain that the only place in the book where the ring--pad is mentioned is on p. 103 for a " wound of the forehead or scalp where a fracture is suspected." I y friends assert that a ringpad can also be used over a compound fracture or foreign body on any part of the body.

The Textbook on p. 36 under Treatment of Wounds (Rule 10) tells us to " Cover the drp.ssing with a pad of wool, lint or other soft material," and Rule 11 to " Apply a bandage over the pad firmly, but if the presence of a foreign body or fracture is suspected, apply it lightly." If a ring-pad is to be used, mention of it would surely be made at tlcis point.

Your kind ruling in this matter would be greatly appreciated.

You are perfectly correct in your statement that the Textbook restricts the use of the ring-pad to wounds of the forehead and scalp. Apart from preventing pressure on the subjacent fracture of skull, the ring-pad is useful because in these parts blood can escape from all parts of the wound as the result of the free intercommunication between the branches of the right and left carotid arteries (Textbook p. 100. b.), an arrangement which is peculiar to the forehead and scalp and not found elsewhere.- '. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

T.T. (Becles).-In a recent examination I lold a candidate to apply a right-angled splint to her patient's elbow. This she did to my complete satisfaction. Then, when I asked her to name the fracture for which this splint was specially indicated, she: amused me immensely by replying :-" Oh! It is a revolving elbow.l"

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED SPINE.

A. E. (Leeds) .-D uring one of our practices a difference of opinion arose as to the action which should be taken when we have to deal with a patient, who, although co nscious and lying on h is side with flexed lower limbs, is suffering from a Fractured Spine.

1 maintain that the lower limbs should be bandaged

AID

together on the spot, in accordance with the Textbook instructions on p.62, before the patient is turned on to his back. Two or three members of the c lass, however stated that, in their opinions, Rule -I- hould be carried out before Rule 3.

There is no mention in the Te'{tbook of how we s hould dea with a patient \"ho has sustained a Fracture of Spine and is found lying on his side with flexed lower limbs. So we shall be pleased if you will kindly enlighten us. Meanwhile we thank you for all you do to further the cause of first aid.

While I agree with you that the lower limbs in such a ca e should be bandaged together on the spot before any attempt is made to roll tlw patient on his back, I al 0 cons ider that, this don e, the lower limbs should be straightene-d before commencing to roll the patient. Otherwise some unnecessary risks might be incurred. In other words think tbat the correct sequence of step in treatment is as laid down in the Textbook. N. C. F.

\RM Ll C FOR \\ OUNn OF ARl'.1.

J. L. (Watford).-Recently at practice I was told to reat a patient who was suffering from a lacerated woun d situated in the upper third and on the outside of til tc forearm. After clean ing and dre ing the wound I supported the limb in a small arm- ling. To my surprise, I was told that I hould have u ed a large arm sling. So please tell me which i (orrect the larg e or small arm81ing ?

The Textbook on p. 25 gives you the answer to you r problem and supports the; criticism of those who told you that you should have applied the large arm- linl{. :\s a fact the small arm-sling is indicated only for Fracture s Of Arm, with which it is u ed on the grounds that" it support s the wrist and allows th elbow to fre 1) " (Textboo l p.2S).-N.C.F.

ONSET OF COLLAPSE.

H. L. (Aberdare). - l shall be glad to learn if is po sible for a patient to pass immediately into a tate of col\ap "e without first exhibiting some degree of shock; and I shall be grateful for your kind ruling.

As the Textbook teaches on p. 161, collapse usualh comes on gradually. It may, however, come on so rapi dh that the signs and symptoms of shock are ma ked, as, for instance, when a large main artery or ve-in is injured N C.F.

SIGNS AND Yl\1PTOMS OF EP1LEPSY.

H. L. (Aberdare). - Would you be good enough to settle- a little difference of opinion between my instructor and myself about the subject of Epilepsy.

He asked me the signs and symptoms of Epilep s) and I replied that, in my opinion, there would be no symptoms, We disagreed and stated our reason as follows

:-

On page 165 of the Textbook, it tells you th at Epilepsy is a sudden and comp lete loss of consciousness, so that, if symptoms are sensations, the patient wo.uld be unable to express any sensations, whatsoever (belOg in a state of coma).

On the other hand, my instructor stated that the scream which is sometimes heard is a symptom. of Epilepsy, immediately previous to the actual fit takln.R place. In answer, I stated that as the patient is 111 (l state of complete unconsciousness, he was not 1I1

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state of Epilep y. 1 am of opinIOn thal the sc r eam i an involuntary contraction of the muscle. which control the sounds. It was decided to com municate with you, in order to obtain your version on the matter.

I n Epilepsy the fir t stage is sudden and complete loss of unconsciousness. Consequently, symptoms, being sensations of the patient, cannot be present until after the pat ient recovers consciousness. Incidentally, the fit is lIon" immediately the patient lose consciousness.

The scream heralds the onset of the second stage because it results from the sudden and v iolent contraction of the chest muscles as part of the tumultuous spasm of the muscles in which the patient's whole body is tlJrown into violent ag-itation. Incidentally the scream can be mildly imitated if we suddenly force these muscles into voluntary contraction.

The third (or automatic) stage begins as soon as the convulsio ns pass; and it is in this stage that the patient may do things and say things of which he has no conscious knowledge afterwards.

Lastly, it may save you further '.vorry if remind you that doctors often use the terms" signs and symptoms" loosely and as thoug-h they were synonymous Incidentally the T extbook does the same thing in the first line on p. 162. -l.C.F

HUMOUR IN FIRST Am.

:\1. 01. (Reading).--On a recent occasion in an ambulance competition I set a case in which, as the result of a motor cycle accident, the patient got his leg caught in a wheel and sustained a compound fracture of the leg complicated by se\' ere arterial hremorrhage. One competitor, haying read his card of instructions, nonchalantly ignored the hremorrhage and proceeded to explore systematically each and e\'ery pocket of the patient. Then, when I asked him '.",hat he was doing, he replied :-" I am only f1ying to find out tIle patient I'S in sured .' "

Good! Text, please! !-N.C.F.

MIXED POISONS.

P. (Cardiff). -. 'upposing that we have to treat a patient who has swallowed some spirits of chloroform and also some strong ammonia, how shall we act? The T extbook tells us to give an emetic with the former and to withhold it with the latter poison. Hence my difficulty and my request for your kind help.

The state of the patient's lips and mouth affords the key to your problem If these are burned, an emetic must not be given; and the patient must be treated as for ammonia poisoning, as laid down in the Texlbook (p. p. 172-174).

With this mixture of poisons, however, the narcotic element would probably not be marked because sI=irits of chloroform only contains one part of chloroform to nineteen parts of pure spirit.-N. C F.

POlSONIN G WITH INJURY TO STOMACH

J. C. (St. Pancras).-Having been a constant reader of FIR ST AID for many years, I am always interested in yo ur

Answers to our Queries; and I sho uld very much like to know your solution of the following test :-

" You are called to a neigh bour's house and find the man lying on the floor moaning and groaning as if in great pain. You are told by another man who li ves with him that your neighbour has taken narcotic poison

AID

(opium) and that, walking aero s the room in a drow s) state, he st um bled over the carpet and fell heavily acros s a stoo l on to his stomac h. Upon examination you End that he is sufTering fr0111 injury to the stomach with evere internal bleeding. Treat the patient."

Our cillicult)' i s to know which condition should be treated first and if we can in fact treat the poisoningvVe are taught to give nothing by mouth in cases ot injury to stomach with internal bleeding. So we cannot give an emetic or strong black corfee ; and we cann ot walk patient aboul the rool11. Also would the vomitin g hel p to get rid of the poison from the stomach even though narcotics act on brain and n ervous system after circ1Jlating through the blood. I n these circumstan ces what should we do?

vVe anxiously await your answer and wc thank you for previous queries answered.

You have set yourself a pretty problem; and I can. gratulate you on your ingenuity in so doing. Alas cannot solve it, because your card of instructions is fa ult) and lacking in detail. Thus, did tl1(> patient vomit or not:[f he did, how long was it after he had swallowed the op iu m? and so on !

In short, your problem belong-s to I I the dead or d) ing" series which are neyer sati factory in competitions either as tests of knowledge or vehicles of instruction; and alii can do is to discuss your problem on the assumption (<1) t h,lt patient vomited shortly after taking the poi on, and (b) tbat he either vomited ome tim after\\'ards or did not \'omit at all.

(a) If patient \"omited soon after swallo\\'ing the opium, then he stands a good chance of e caping fr0111 the efTe ct of narcotic poisoning. Con equently you are free to con cen · trate on the first aid treatment suilable for injur) to stom ach with its associated internal bleeding.

(b) If the patient did not vomit till somC time la ter or if he did not vomit at all, then the poi on will proba bly be already in the circulation. In the e circumstance you an · not treat i ts effects as the Textbook sugg sts ; and you c< n only hope that the dose wa not potent and that the opium will have a soothing influence on the nen ous system \yh ereby shock will be minimised and the escape of blood limi ted in rate and quality. In short, in this instance also, all yo u ca n do is to concentrate on the treatment of the injured stom ac h. In each case it is of paramount importan ce that m edical aid be obtained for the patient at the earliest pas ib le moment.-N.C.F.

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THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR

(Pat. No.

This new patent Ambulance Gear offers many unique advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter. The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified

an y new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.

Recruits Strength

The dietetic value of Oxo 1S recognised as bemg supenor to home..-made beef..-tea. Readily digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUickly and easily prepared.

Adveni,emenls and olher buc:;inec:;s Communic1tions connc(.tcd with Fl kST Al D shuuld be fOrwarded to the l'ubh!:thers. DALE, PEL OLDS & Co , LTO., 46, CA!II;o-.;ON STREET, LO;-'OON, F. C.4

Teltfytlph i { Adlnss-" Twentv:!our, LOlldon " TdtphtJm - City 3710.

CONTENTS OF TIDS NUMBER.

E DIlOl{ IAL :-

Gree ting and \\'i he 137

Extracts fr o m the :'Ilanual of Instruction lor the R lya l aval Si c k Berlh StafT 138

5. J.,\.13. Headquarters and District Report 1-+0

Prior. fo r \\ ales 14 5

5t. .\1 Jre w's Ambulance A ociation 146

Rail \ ) Ambulance Tews H7

PoliLe .\ mbulance News 151

The Hos pitallers' Club.. 152

EDITORIAL.

160

Trea tment of Fractured Sternum 162

Hu mour in First Aid 162

T[ea tment of Poisoning 16 2

Trea tment of Lung Irritants (A. R. P.) 162

GREETINGSAND WISHES.

Once again we extend to all first aiders at home or abroad, our cordial greetings for the Festive Season and sincere wishes for the coming year. To those who have contributed to the success of this Journal during the past year we tender our sincere thanks and look forward to the continued friendship and assistance during 1938.

Nineteen-thirty-seven will ever be remembered as the year during which the largest public duty in the history of the voluntary ambulance army, was undertakp.n. At the coronation of our beloved King and Queen, themselves both keenly interested in the work of first aid, the ans we r to the call fo r vol un teers to Ii ne the s treets was magn ificen t, and once again members we re able to put into practIce their aim in life-to assist those who are s tricken down in the streets, in the parks and other such place s w here crowds congregate.

Then followed the jubilee celebrations of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade which brought together mp.mbers from Divisions both At-home and Overseas.

During these functions and celebrations the usual work of first aiders was carried on. Local duties did not suffer because personnel was required in LOlldon; in many instances members did Liouble duty to keep faith with the general public who are slowly but surely realIsing the value of the wonderful voluntary work which is carried on year after year by men and women who give their time and money to make themselves efficient in the science of first aid.

It is our wish that we shall be the means whereby first aiders keep their knowledge up-todate and add to their efficiency. If, therefore, read e rs require articles or adVice on any subject appertaining to first aid or ambulance work, we shall be pleased to hear from them.

FIRST

Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *

(Continued jrom page 84.)

CONDITIONS \VHICH PREVE T HEALI G IN \i\TOU'DS.

(a) Sepsis.

(b) The edges of the wound not being in contact, or being of low vitality, due to damage to the surrou ndi ng tissue.

(c) The presence of foreign bodies, dirt, fragments of shell, dead bone.

(d) Lack of rest.

(e) Some accompanying general dise3.se, e.g., Diabetes, Tuberculosis, Syphilis.

Dres s7.:ng s.

Dressings are the materials put over wounds to cover and to protect them, and to hel p them to heal.

(1) Gauze-Plain white.

(2) Lznt-(a) Plain white.

(b) Boric-pink in colour.

(3) Cotton Wool-Absorbent. Plain white.

(4) Bandages-(a) Calico.

(b) Cotton loose woven. Plain white.

(c) Flan nelette.

(d) Flan neI.

(e) Esmarch's Triangular.

(5) Protective Tissue-Impervious battiste.

Sterilisation of Dressz'ngs.

Before use dressings are sterilised by heat. The gauze lint and wool are cut into suitable sizes, and with the bandages and impervious battiste, are packed into perforated metal boxes, which are pl3.ced in a steam steriliser.

Gauze or lint dressings may be used dry or wet.

Dry dressings are applied to aseptic or healing wounds, where only infrequent dressing is necessary.

Wet dressing are used when it is desirable to apply some antiseptic to a wound; this is done by soaking the gauze or lint in an antiseptic lotion before applying it.

1m pervious battiste is placed over a wet dressing to check evaporation.

Cotton \\'001 is placed over gauL.e or lint to absorb discharges and hel p protect the wound. Bandages are used to keep dressincys in positl oll and to support and immobilise the wounued par t. Adhesive strapping and Collodion Aexile may also be useJ for this purpose.

First Field Dressing.

This dressing is served out to each ma n on active service, so that his wound can he dr es ed immediately.

The dres:,ings are encloseu in t\\ 0 covers , t he outer of khaki cotton fabric, the inner of i m PCI \ io us battiste.

The dressi ng. consist of two pad:, of ste rilis ed antiseptic gauze, -+ ins. by ins. each, sc\\ 1 to a bandage folded into plai ts, and separately \\r a pped in parchment paper. A safety pin, wrap pe d in waxed paper, is supplied with each dressing

Directions for use are printed on the out er and inner covers.

ANTISEPTICS ['\ CO \L\lO:-.l USh.

How Supplied. trength of olution.

CarbolicAcid (Phenol).

Sl'.

Boric ,\cid (8 lH' a ic \ci d )

Ho\\' upplied Strength of Solution. Colourless Tn saL urat ed rtl1d odour- So luLi on, le'i'i C"rysli'tls. ahout 1-25.

ese.

To irrigate thC' eye and mucou cavities. For antiseptic dresand fomentations. For instruments that will come in contact with the eyes or mucous 111embranes.

Potas sium PUf pIt' lol- Frul1l 1-100 To irrigate Pe rfll angii- oured cr)- to 1-10,ono. urethra or bladnrtte. stals or tah- der. To irrigate let<;. wounds. As a mouth wash. [n snake hite. To \\ a h out the stomach in some cas s of poison in!;

II ) I,e 1111. \. hit l' (' f') - 40 g r a i 11 S t II To i1'1' ig-a tee r tic 10thlfo fl11. EU>;ll.

"tals oz of water wounds and ca\'iYell,)\\' cr\,stals of cha-ractcristil \)dour. \I,fdl' fll1111 L h lorin:llL'd I i III e and Boric .'\cid

a solu- ties. .\'i a mouth linn cl)ntain- wash. ing 10 \'01urnes H 2 0 , u'ied For treating in solution. wound _ urfaced. Ofren combines \\' it II B is l1luth ubnilri'tte and paralTin to make it paste - B. 1. P. u'5 p. Co II \- To irrig-ate pol.hlorou \\' 0 un d For .\cid. antiseptic dresing-s. \ 'of to be used (or Ills/ruments.

T/zp Treatlne17t of Wounds.

The present method of treatment is partly aseptic and partly a71ti\'ejlic. I ts object is to prevent the introduction of any germs into a wound, or, if this is impossible, to hinder the growth of those which have already infected it.

The principle of aseptic treatment is that everything likely to come into contact with the wou nd shall previously freed from germs. AI I i nstru men ts, d ressi ngs, I igatu res, towels, gloves, etc., are sterilised by heat, that is they are made aseptic.

The wou nd itself, the surround i ng skin, and the dresser's hands cannot be by heat, and therefore chem ical antiseptics have to be relied on for cleansing them. As it is impossible to render the hands absolutely aseptic, sterilised india rubber gloves should be worn hy the Operating Surgeon and Nurses.

Antiseptic treatment must be relied on for the clean si ng of the sk in, and of acciden tal wou nds. It must there/ore be ·very thoroughly and conscz'enNOllS!), done.

GI'.:;\'ERAL RE.\IARKS 01 TREAT'\IENT A:-':D OF \VOUNDS.

Absolute surgical cleanliness is essential. As the hands are carriers of germs, and may easily infect a clean wound, never touch a wound with your hands, if it is possible to avoid doing so.

I n first a£d work, this is very i m portan t as there may be no opportunity to cleanse the hands.

Fh'sf A z'd T1;eatment.

Perchloride of Mercury (Corrosive" Sublimate)

Biniodide of Mercury. Iodine.

\thick liquid 1-20 Solutions are 1-40 usually coloured pink I n tablets From 1-S00 usually col- to 1-5,000. oured hlue.

(11) Fl)r in ruIllcnts. T , clean the skin amI fo ul ""ou nc.l5. .\'(''1'f lise (l r a /0/11011 0 11 ji71Rers or tors.

(b)' The un di luted acid is used to sterilise k nive s. To clean the s kin and fcr an tise ptic dressings.

I n tab 1e t s 1-500, usu- To clean th e s kin usuaJly col- ally made oured blue. with 7S r c. of spirit.

Tincture

Iodii Fortis solution 2t and Mitis. p.c.-5p.c.

(a) To the skin. (b) In weaker sol ut ions, /.e., 1 dra m to 1 pi nt of wate r irrigatin g septIC wounds.

T here are several preparations, most of which a.l' t: c Ilieci to Carholic Acid, such a Lysol, Lysoj or m Cresol, Creolz'll, [Jal, Lzsterz'lle, and Jeyes flu id. \\ hich are als u ed as antiseptics.

I n addition to dressings and antiseptic lotions, ot her material mar be req u i red for the treatment of wo unds.

These are :-

(

I) Sutu res.

(2) Surgical Need les.

(3) Drainage Tubing.

. A suture is a strand of some material such as SIlk Worm gut, horsehair, silk or cat-gut, which is gen e rally removed after seven days.

Surg ical Needles

Surgica l need les are made in three shapes:Straight, Half-curved, Curved.

. . D1'az'nage Tubzng (of various sizes) is made of Indi a rubber and is used in larae lacerated wounds aft. b e.r amputations wherE' there may be considerablE' DOlIng, or in septic wounds.

(1) Arrest the hcemorrhage. Do not attempt to clean up the wound, but simply apply iodine to it and the surrounding skin.

(3) Dress the wound, takin/?' care YOU1' lzands do not touch the surface oj the dressz'ng 'lvluch z's to be apphed to tile WOlt d.

(4) Keep the part at rest and attend to the general condition of the patient.

(To be continued.)

In aid of the funds of the Beccles Division, S.J.A.B., a whist dri\'e was held on November 16th and prm'ed a succe s.

.\sst. Commissioner J. P. Flavin in pected the Guildford Corps, S.J.A.B., last month. Corps upt.J. D. Rutter was in charRe of the parade.

The annual competition for the challeng-e cup and prizes presented by l\lr. H. A. Baily, ]. P., -was held at Brighton on Jonday, Nov mber 29th. :\ Brighton police team, led b, P. c. ;\lcLean, "'ere declared the;: winners. The I\layor ;f Bri!{hton (Councillor Herbert Hone) distributed the n\\'nrds.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Headquarters and District Reports.

No . I (Prince of Wales's) District

The annua l Officers' Guest Ni g ht of the No.1 District was held on Saturday, D ecembe r 4th, with Captain \V. Goodley, I\Le. (Commissio n er), as President.

Following the loyal toasts, Captain H. A. Fenton (Asst. Commissioner. Central Area), proposed c Our Guest.s," coupling with it the names of .Lady Perrott (Lady Supt.-in-Chief) and Brigadi.er J. (Asst. Commissioner, I\Ietropolitan PolIce). Capta111 referred to the great interest taken by Lady the No. 1 District, and as Lady Superintendent-m-Chlef was an inspiration to all nursing- divisions The referred to the magificent army career of Bng-adler \ Vhitehead and to the happy relationship which existed between the Police and the Brigade.

Lady Perrott thanked Captain Fenton for his kind and warm welcome. She had the greatest admiration not only for all the marvellous work the rr:embers of the D istrict were doing, but also for the Commissioner. Among the guests were hI gh offiCIals of the P o lice and their presence show ed that they ,yere satisfied with the work carried out by members. The district had had the hardest work of any district this year.

Brigadier vVhitehead also re3ponded and to the fact that during the year he worked 111 close touch with Captain Goodley and he dId not know how Commissioner was able to do so much work. He paId tribute to the services r endered at the Coronation and to the making of corridors behind the crowds on that occasion. These had proved so successful that they would be repeated on future occasions:

Colonel J. L. Sleeman (Chief CommlsslOner Bngade Overseas), proposed" Prince of the President." He had the greatest JOy m domg thiS and gave messages of good wis?es . from Brigade Oversea.s. He praised the work of the dIstnct referred to Captam Goodley in eulogistic terms. Captam Goodley had followed one who was efficient and kindly (Colonel Brooks), but he had filled the position with distinction

The toast was drunk with musical honours.

Cap t ain Goodley in reply said he was proud to be the Commissioner of such a district. From January 1st to date 141,492 periods of duty had been undertaken and 31 021 cases treated. Enrolments numbered 1,750 and, aIlowing for wastages, the personnel of the district was now roughly just over 9,000.

Referring to Air Raids Precautions, Captam G.oodley stated he had 400 instructors and nearly 3,500 certificates had been gained by members. In addition 2,018 had been awarded to the general public. He v.:ished every member to take a certificate, but added a ,\'arl11ng not to let A.R.P. supplant the prime obj ects of the Brigade-first aiq and home nursing.

. He referred to the relatlOnshlp which eXIsted between the City and Metropolitan Police and the Brigade, the support given by Municipal was giving better support. to th;Ir work, thIS bemg instanced by the result of thIS year s flag day, when over £4000 was added to the funds.

, The Commissioner thanked the members of The

Order, Brigade Headquarters, Captain Cahusac (Secreta ry S.J.A.A.), and Captain Pontin (Stores Department), the great assistance given and to his Asst. Commission ers, District Surgeon, Area and Headquarters' Staff for th eir help and loyalty.

In conclusion the Commissioner wished to be conveyed to every member of o. 1 Di trict his thank s for the work they were putting in for the service of others and their loyalty to him.

Danc ing then followed, District Officer Burton acting as M.e.

The dinner, which was one of the most succ essful ever held. was a great triumph for Oislrin OO'icl'r F rl1ks (Dinner Secretary and Toast Master) and we are pl e' d to learn that he has now recovered from his recent indisposition.

EAST Saturday, oyembcr 27th, th e East Ham Ambulance and urslng Diyisions held a 0 t successful dinner and dance at the Harmonic Hall.

Mr. G. \V. Boultwood, J.P. (Vice-President) , presided over the gathering, supported by the I\Iayor (Ald Mrs. Annie Taylor, J.P.), the I\layoress CMrs. Barton), Capt. F. E. BendIX (Asst. Commissioner) and Bendix . Lady District Officer Robinia, Viscountess Ioun tgarret, Dr. F. J. I\1cKettrick, upt. A. E. A. Ambler an d .lrs Ambler, Lady Supt. I\frs. al!d Mr. Ogilvie . The area staff was represented by DIstnct Officer FI tch Haines and Lady Di trict Officer l\I r }'Iorrl h ",hILt Headquarters was represented by District Officer Bo" cr. Green, Kemp and Walsby, who were accompanied by thei r ladies.

Following an excellent repast Capt. Bend.ix Mrs. Boultwood with her badcrc of office as VIce -pr esIdent of the Nursing Division.

Supt. Ambler proposed "Our Guests," and ga\'e a hearty welcome to all at what he described as an "At Home." He referred especially to Dr. I\fcK et nck who had been divisional surgeon since 1895, and to Capt. Kendall. He also thanked Madam 1Iayor for her s up and also that received from other members of the Counc t!. Lady Supt. Mrs. Ogilvie seconded the toast.

Capt. Bendix in reply paid tribute to the. work of th e division which was carried out in an effiCIent m(] me r largely due to the efforts of Supt. Ambler and 11rs. Ogilvie. They could not have efficient divisions. w lth?ut efficient members and he was proud of the way In whIc h the officers and members carried on their work. They had been greatly encouraged by the chairman an d 1115 wife as vice-presidents of the divisions

The Mayor said she was very proud of the dlVlS lO ll for the wonderful work.

Viscountess Mountgarret was pleased to h.av e the opportunity of meeting so many old friends agal11. She was pleased to see th e way t h e A rea was forging ah ead.

The toast of "The Chairman" was proposed by Dr. McKettrick, who paid great tribute to the time devo ted by Mr. Boultwood to the ambulance movement.

Mr. Boultwood, in response, said he had been set a wonderful example by the members themselv es. The

membe rs of the general public were not conversant with the good work done by the divisio n s and the sacrifies made by the members.

Dancing followed the dinner and continued until midnight.

NEWINGTON (ST. A. e. White h nox, M. c., 1. B., A st Commissioner, inspected the Newin!; ton (St. Andrews) Division on November 10th.

upt. Bennett was in charge of the parade and after ins pecting the members and witnessing hand seat and other dri ll, Capt. White Knox congratulated t he division on hw ing 100 per cent. pouch content, this being but the th ird time in his ambulance career he had found the po uches correct.

The Asst. Commissioner congratulated Supt. Bennett on t he smart appearance of the men which was important fro m the public's point of view.

OUTIL\LL.- The need for riivi ional headquarters was men tioned at the annual dinner of the Southall Di vision, held on Kovcl11her 24th, and at which Mr. C. F. Collin (Pres ident) presided.

Surgeon W. ]. Arnott, said he hoped they would soon have a home of their own .

Mrs. Collins presented divisional competition awards as follows: "Charlotte" Cup, Heston Section (Ptes. F. Sylvester, Butler, R. Cotton and Woodward); "Brooks" Cup, Pte. W. N ewlands, runner-up Pte. F. Johnson; "Llewellin" Cup (Nursing Division), A/S Mrs. Wilmot. Councillor G. A. Cressey, who acted as toastmaster, was also M.e. for the dancing which continued until 1 a.m. Spot and other prizes added to the enjoyment. This function was one of the most successful functions the division has yet held, and among those present were fourteen local doctors, the M.O.H. for the Borough and also representatives of local public and business interests.

WEST HAM.- The annual competItlOn for the (C Charles Statham" Challenge Trophy (also the Eastern Area eliminating test for the "Massey Mainwaring" competitio n) was held on Saturday, November 13th, at West Ham.

Capt. F. E. Bendix, Asst. Commissioner} judged the team te t assisted by District Officer Haines) other judges [TTrest il.fzdJlesex Gazette. Annual Dinner, Southall Di,"ision, S.].A. B

\sst. Commissioner S. J. \ Varren, proposing the toast of the " Southall Division" said that it could now claim to be almost a complete unit. He referred to the early da} s o f the Brigade in Southall and traced its growth S1l1ce Supt. Taylor got busy and made things" hum" after the war. The to which he had done that was pract ically the history of the division-nursing division forme d in 1924, two cadet divisions in 1937, opening of first a id station and medical comforts depot, acquisition of moto r ambulance.

Me Warren referred to the support always received from the Southall Council, and spoke on the Brigade work in genera l including that connected with air raids prec autions.

Supt. J. E. Taylor, in reply, said that Mr. Warren had g iven a good outline of the work locally. There was only one thing he wanted to see before long and that was their own headquarters

?ur Guests" was proposed by Mr. E. H. Lyttleton (rhV lslonal Auditor) to which Mr. C. e. Smith r eplied. The Chairman) in reply to the toast submitted by Div.

being Capt. Kendall , M.D. (individual), Dr. Homi (viva voce) and District Officer Fitch .

The team test was excellently staged and the work carried out with precision and efficiency.

Supt. Ash (West Ham Division), presided at the subsequent presentation and thanked the judges and all who had contributed so materially to the success of the competition

Capt. Kendall gave some useful advice for future tests whilst District Officer Fitch said that they owed a debt of gratitude to their West Ham friends for making the necessary arrangements for the competition. He especially mentioned Mrs Ash, who had prepared the tea for them.

The result of the competition showed that West Ham had gained the first place having scored some 55 marks more than the runners-up, Dagenham Division.

Capt. Bendix presented the trophy and medals to the winning team. He was pleased that there were two more teams this year (ten against 8 in 1936), and the fact that West Ham were s o many marks ahead meant that the

Photograph

other teams must striYe harder. He congratulated the teams and hoped that West Ham would not only \vin the Di trict final but also the "Dewar" Shield. The A t. Commis ioner thanked Supt. Ash for hi work and also the patients for their assistance.

OUTH 11ET. GAS CORP .-On ::-lovember 17th, Capt. A. e. vVhite Knox, accompanied by District Officer Clifford, inspected four di\'isions of the Corps. The parade was under Corps Secretary S. F. Edwards , those in charge of the division being Di," Supts. Robert, Dock. Dodds and Amb. Officer Mayes.

Addressing the parade after the inspection the Asst. Commissioner congratulated the members on their smart appearance and drew attention to the importance of the pouch content correct. If some dressing or part had been used replacement was necessary.

On behalf of the Commissioner he extended thanks to the members for the duties carried out so efficiently during the year. He was pleased to see Corps Officer Wickens (A.R.P. Officer) present and paid tribute to his work.

No. 13 (KING'S CROSS, G.N.R.) DIVISION.-Mr. N. J.

Ware has succeeded Mr. J. G. Palmer as Superintendent of this division, which is 120 strong and has a fine record o f sen-ice since it ,,,,as fOLmded in 1893.

Supt. Ware joined the division in 1923 as a private and was promoted to Ambulance Officer in October, 1930. He has for many years been responsible for puhlic appeals Supt. N. J. Ware. No. 13 (King's Cross, G. N. R.) Division. and has raised more than £800 for the purchase of medical stores and equipment. He has also acted as secretary and instructor to many classes and is the holder of a L. & N.E.R. Railway Gold Medal for 15 years' cfficient service in ambulance work.

In response to requests from various divisions courses in first aid and home nursing in preparation for the Association Certificate are to be held at the vValworth ;,1en's Institute, The John Ruskin (Junior) L.e.e. School, Baresford Street, Camberwell Gate, S.E.s. Full particulars can be obtained from the Head of the Institute, W. T. James, M,e., M.A.

AID No. ill District.

NORTIIA IPTO .-The new ambulance of lhe North ,ullpton Corp was recently dedicatecl hy the Rev. Can oll J. Trevor Lewis, M.A., ub-Chaplain :111d Officer of th e Order, Vicar of All Saints.

Members of the Ambulance and Nursing Division s with a detachment of the Borough Police, marched the Firl to the church. lIen Canon Ll\\ 1 acldres ed the parade before dedicating the ambulance to the service of humanity.

Those present included the Mayor and Mayore ss (Alderman and :0.Irs. G. W. Beattie), the Chief Cons t abl e (Mr. J. vVilliamson, O.RE.), County Commi3sioner D r L. VV. Dryland, County Officers \V. H. Percival and W Lady District Supt. Mrs. \V. Harvey Ree\' cs. "\..R.R.e., Lady County Officer Miss L. E. Mawby, M.B. E. Corps Supt. vV. E. Edwards was in charge, assisted by \\'ho \\-as assi s t e d h) Diy. :upt. II. 1. Ed\\ arcl,,: ,\1l: Lady Corps Supt. 11iss K. Bradford, A.R.R.e., La dy Supt3. Miss Cowley, l1rs. Jennings and i\1rs. Lievesley.

The County Commi ' lOner presented e rvice Bars to Supt. H. 1. Edwards (35 years)) Amb Ofticer Butler (40 years), Sergt.-Major Hines (-1-5 years), Sergt. \Vest (2 5 years), Pte. S. Gibbs (20 years), and a • ervice l\I crla l to Pte. \V. J. l1ason.

Service Bars \\Jere also presented to A·I l1rs. Simp.3on (2nd), ;, [rs. lIasters (1 st ) , 11i s Knigh (1 st), Miss Stock (1st), Lady Amb. Officer Mi Stratford (2 nd), and Service Medals to Tiss Gurney and Miss Edmu nds.

The Annual Competition for the or of N orthampton's" Cup took place on aturday, Novcmb c r tho The judging was carried out by Dr. Ja Orr ( trct cher), who was assisted b) DIY. Supt. H. I . Edwards ; and Dr _ J. J. }.Iyles (Individual ,Uld \ -1\ a \ -oce). assist ed by mb. Officer C. Pitkin.

This competition i o pcn t o leam within the area of the Northampton Centre, and fiye compet ed. A t t'lC same time teams fr o m th e Ke tt ering, X orlhampton) T o\\"c e ster and \Vellin g horuugh Diyisioll of the L ount) Constabulary competed ill the Pim" Cup Elimin at,pg Competition.

The Stretcher Test was that of a deaf and d umb man who had been knocked down by a motor car and upon examination was found to have received a depr e.3sed fracture of t he skull, compound fracture of the right leg, and suffering from venous haemorrhage.

After a close and interesting comp e tition the ju dges placed the teams as follows: 1st, Northampton H eadquarters S.J.A.B., 263 marks; 2nd, Northampton Bor ough Police, o. 1, 243; 3rd, orthampton Borough po lice , No. 2, Best Individual: P.c. Lcgga t e, Police O. 1 ll \ll1.

The placing in the "Pim" Cup Competition w as: 1, 1 orthampton; 2, K e tt e ring; 3, To\\ c e ter; -1-, Wel linl!borough.

After the results had been announced the cup an d prizes were presented by Dr. J as. Orr, and both he an d Dr. Myles congratulated the winners and complimen te d <111 competitors on their high standard. Dr. Orr said th at the team which made the most mistakes would learn more and probably beat the top in a few years time.

The competitlOns were watched by County H. F. Percival, O.B.E., Div. Surgeon W. H. MagUlr e, Supt. Norris and Williams (County Constabulary), L ady Supts. Miss Cowley and Mrs. Jennings, M.RE., and m any others, including officers and members of the Brigad e.

Arrangements for the competition were made by Corps Supt W. E. Edwards, M.RE., assisted by Cen t re and Corps Secretary E. J. Hayward and officers a nd members of the Headquarters Division,

N o. IV D is trict

EVERTox.-On XO\TIl1UCr 18th tht: annual distribution (Ii a wu rd il)!' efficiulCY \\cre presenled to members of the E\,ertull Division by 1\1r. \V. ]. Grace (Prc ident CU l t ral Di\ i5ion ) There \\'as 100 per cent. passe ami IS of to learn that at a rcccnt cia 5 21 men aHC' ncbl all pa sed the examination for the certificate thus reflu: ting great credit 011 Dr. R :-'1 a rrJot Dennett (I )i \. SurO'cnl1) and llPt. \\'m. Latchiord.

fho e pres cl1t at function ll1cluded }'1r. A. J. .\!tlfl l1g-ham (DIY. Prc lclcnt), :'1r. John Robert · (SecrehI' ..\ ..\. .), Corp Inl>Lctnr of Store Co tig-an ;Plll Curp DEfin r F. C. \Villiams. r [igh trIbute was paid by yariol1s speakers to the \ (Irk oi the Di\'i5io11, \\ hich holds the record for r "lent duty on the roads. the past 12 months o cr -1-,000 hours' duty had been put in at the Fir t Aid 'll'n t:-; and kilkd has be<:n rendered to many per.;;o ns.

11C\\ I,,-formcd .. Officers' of tr., Li vcrpuol Corp" held It first dinner and dance on "'o\,e mber 20th and so "ltccessl111 \\as the event that it is ho p cd to make it our annual alTair. Great credit wa dye to !he Prc ' ident and Vice-Pre ident (Corps Officer r .. ( '.\\ lllIam and ;'lr. \\'. ]. Grace (President, Central I )1\, llon), <tnclmcmbeL of the committec. Special praise

is due to upt. T. for the splendid arrangements.

Those included Commissioner \V. G. Smith, As t. Commlsslon<:r Col. G. e. E. impson, County urgeon \\-. Murray Cairn, the Re\". Po\\'Cll ,:\1 i l1;r (Hon. Corps Chaplain), and i\1r. tockton Adamson (County Controller, RR.e.S ). Corps Supt. Col. D. e. Leyland Orton proposed the of "The Order," the oldest order of chi\'alry in eXIstence. He referred to the work of the crusaders in the work carried out by members in the South AfrIcan vVar and the European War.

Commissioner Smith responding said the work of the BrIgade had much influence with peoples of many nations and creeds.

Dr. Murray Cairns proposed" Our Guests" to \\"hich ;'Ir. Stockton Adamson replied.

During the dance which followed the Exchancre Cadet A.mbulance Divisional team, \vhich won the Fleetwood FIsh ),1erchants' Association's Ambulance hield dminO' the day, arrind at the hall with the shield and given a great reception.

FLEETwooD.-The annual competition for the Fleetwood Fish 1Ierchants' Association's Shield and 11edals open to Cadets in K o. -I- District, \yas held on Saturday; :\o\'ember 20th, when, after a close contest, LiYerpool Exchang-e team were declared the \yinners with 207 points,

Dedication of the New Ambulance Fit Northampton.

Liverpool Corps Ofncers' l\less First Annua l Dinner.

FIRST

follo\\"ed by Li\'erpoo l orth and Ardwick (203). ix team competed, the judges being Dr. 'vV. Unger, of Blackpool and Div. Surgeon S. e w o n.

Th e hicld and medals were handed to the wmn1l1g team by Mr. H. ),1. Brown cP r eside nt of the s oc iation)! whil t the 1Iayore of Fleetwood (Mr. C. aero J.P.). handed medal' to the second and third teams.

As t. Commi ioner \Y. H. Gastall proposed a vote of thanks to the 1Iayore and the Association and its President, which wa by Amb. Offic e r Councillor J. P. Th omason, J.P., and pomted out the .for headquarters of their own for the Fleet\\ ood DIY! 10 11.

The tests were cond uc ted under t he supervision of upt. T. R. Bailey and Amb. Officer Councillor Thomason.

No. VI District

EWCA TYi\T-The N ovoca trian Divi iOIl held its fir t dance on \Y edne day evening, N oyembe r 3rd. when 280 members and friends were p r e ent and enjoyed a programme of old-time and modern dances. The M.C. \Va upt Stanley Hai r and the dance secreta ry Ptc J oh11

upt. H. H. Bridle w as in command of the par ade. The Mayor presented a Service 1\Iedal to upt. Brielle, and also medallions, vouchers and certificates to other memb e rs.

As t. Commissioner 'vVri gg l e worth referred to A.R.P. work a a n ew and vital w o rk placed upon thl' Brigade. It was, h e said, the responsibility of ever) citizen of every to\\'n to l ea rn thi work and not rely on the good nature of willing worker.

II ENFIELD.-The annual inspection 0 f the Benfiel d Divisions took place on November 9t h, Assl. Commi si oner D. Bryce being the in pecting officer, a si ted hy Lady Di trict Officer Dr. IIelen oake .

The officers on parade were Di\,. ,urgeol1 II. F. quire, upt. C. A. Harne, Lady :lIpt. 1\ li s Bar kr. Cadet upl. ).[j , s C;onc1liff and )'Tr. TT. I). f-,fohshy (11i \' Trea urer).

fter A l. lOner Bryce had ll1 pect ed thl uniform and equipment, squad and stretcher drill w as carried out. thi \\'as followed by a demonstrati f'11 of practical first aid and hand-scat. Dr. Toakcs carr ied

FIRST AID Priory for Wales.

WELSH INTER-RAILWAY COMPETITION.

Once again the c: Harry Webb" cup was secured by a Gr eat Western Railway Company's ambulance team when three selected teams from that Company and three entered by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Company COL l pete d in the annual \Nel s h Railways competition held at th e City Hall, Cardiff, on De ce mber 2nd. Since this annual co nte st was inaugurated by the Priory in 1923, the cup has be en won on ele\'en occa ions by G. \,v. R. teams and three tim s by L. R. teams. This year, however, the hO(1) urs w e re di tributed evenly-a L. M. & S. team se c, ld pla ce, as the following- re s ult s will s h ow.

The team tests were watched throughout by a number of interested spectators; and a large number gathered to hear the announcement of the results which followed tea. The Prin c ipal St:cretary and Commissioner for (the Hon. John H. Bruce, J. P., D. L.) presided and introduced ir Robert Webber, a Commander of the Order and Member of Chapter of the Priory, to whom ambulance workers had g?od cause to be grateful for th e continued support g iven by hIm to the Movement through the medium of the" Western Mail," of which he is Managing Director, Sir Robert, who presented the trophy to the captain and cake baskets to the memb e rs of the Newport High-street G. \V. R. team, said he was genuinely proud of his connection with the Order of St. John and was very pleased to have been invited to ta ke part in the function as he was himself once connected with railway work-having started his business ca r ee r in a railway office; and he was glad to be able to present the cup given by his friend, Sir Harry \Vebb, who was pr e\'e nted by ill health frum acti\'ely parti c ipating. H e congrat ulated all the teams present as they had all shown merit in e liminating co ntests; and assured them that their

Novocastrian Division, S.J.A. B.

Waddington. The idea of the dance was to stimulate recruiting and it is expected that quite a few new members will turn up at the first aid class to be started very soon. The oYocastrian Diyision is already showing signs of being a r eal live and go-ahead unit for a lthough on ly fo rm ed nin e months ago they h ave a strength of over 40; 35 of these fully equiped induding g r eatcoats; 15 h ave

A.R.P. certificates; and 15 have joined the Military Hospitals Reserve. The whole of the equipment and uniforms have been purchased by t h e Di visional Hon. President, M r. Sam Smith, J.P., who has offered to pay for the equipping of as many men as can be r ec rui ted, and has a lr eady subscribed £200 to Divisional funds.

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) D is tric t CHICIIESTER .-Th e annua l inspection of the C hich ester Division was ca rri ed out by Asst. Commissioner H. J. Wrigglesworth last month. He was accompan i ed by the Mayor of Chicheste r (Councillo r Stride), District Officer Trotter (formerly supe rin te nd ent of the Division), Col. E. T. Inkson, V.c., D.S O. (P r es id ent), Councillor W. N. G. Napper (vice-President), Div. Surgeon J. Lan ghorne and others.

out a similar 111 pl:ction of the Tur In\} <lnu Cadet Divisions.

At the concltliull, 11r. Bryce cang ralulatcd t'lL Divisions on thei r ,, ork, and recalled that he had insp Lcted them on a number of occasions, and on looking' back t ht fl.' could be no doubt as to the pro g rc s made. TI c hat! ire, quently seen them at work-he did not know i r they l.lel always seen him-and he could remember a number at occasions when passing through Benfield he had seen th'111 on duty and had commented on their smart appear ance . The a r e well up to elate in regard to A. p:.P. wo rk , the nursing members have gained their A.R.P. l ert ficates while some of the members of the Amhul ance Division have Grade 2 Certificates; Supt. Barnes hol d:. a first-class A.R.P. Instructors Certificate.

fhe Malvern ambulance competitions were h eld on November 23rd, when the principal prize winners w ere ;" Sir Harry Dixey" cup, G. W. R. team; "Countess Bea uI " champ" cup, Upton-on-Severn police; "Mrs. Holb ec 1e " cup, Malvern Nursing Division; "Mrs. F. L. New t o n cup, Malvern Cadet Nursing Division; "G. G. Lewis " Malvern Nursing Division; 1934 Trophy (best team in semor competitions), U pton-on-Severn Police.

South TVales !V ew s.

\,velsh Inter-Railway Ambulance Competition. Assi sta nt County-Surgeon Dr. J. P. J. Jenkins, judging the Abergavenny L. 1. & S. Team.

I T he Assembly Rooms presented the sorry spectacle of a eve I cross . I h " mg WIt 1 t e mlOlature gates smashed by a car clrashlOg through in a dense foo-. Amona- the tana-Ied debris ay tl h I:"> b bi l e two occupants of the car, both unconscious - one theed tn g freely from a cut on the head and two wrists and S e lot her having a bruise on the head and other injuries.

Cuc 1 was the team test set by Dr. J. P. J. Jenkins Assistant Oun ty S MI' . urgeon, onmout lshlre Centre, whde Corps SurDr. G. S. Phillips, Gwaun-cae-Gurwen, and Corps urg con Dr. H. B. Pierce conducted the individual tests.

skill and sacrifice of leisure was capable, and no doubt had been the means, of saving life and limb.

The judges gave some helpful criticism of the work carried out. Summarised briefly, Dr. Jenkins's remarks indicated that he was satisfied that the real first aid work was done very well; Dr. Phillips said the teams had lost marks through omissions rather than commissions; and Dr. Pierce said the general standard was on a very high level.

Professor Georg-e Knox, in proposing thanks to the judges, said it had always been a source of wonder to him

FIRST

how doctors gave so much of their time to ambulance work, for which they de erved the heartfelt thanks of ,,\ hole community. The vote was seconded by aptall1 S T. Beard, O. B. E.

v. H. Tait, Dlstnct Goods and Passenger, L. i\L S. R. Swansea, expre sed of Robert \Vebber's pre ence and thanked him for his services. He expressed gratitude to the Priory for the encouraRement afforded by the competition to raihvay ambulance workers.

C. A. Ault, G. \V. R. Ambulance Centre Secretary, Padding-ton, \\'ho presented a chromium clock t? each member of the Llandudno Junction L.r-,1.S. Railway team, seconded the thanks to Sir Robert ·Webber.

HEADQUARTER MEETINGS.

of the Ambulance Committee and of the Priory for \-Vales, Order of St. John, were held .at Priory Hou e, Cardiff, on Tuesday, 30th, presided T by the Director ot Ambulance,. Professor 0eor g e h.nox, F.G and Captall1 T. E. Richards, J.P., E respecti\·ely.

Areport presented on the Motor Ambulance Service showed that 13,575 cases involving a t0tal of 226,927 were carried in the Priory ambulances dunng the first 9 months of the year, an increase of 1, 668 cases and 20,684 miles on the comparatiye period. for 1936

A report of a meeting of the .Bngade d\'lsory.Committee called to consider the questIOn of the promotIOn of the scheme for Voluntary Aid Detachments among the personnel of the St. John Am was accepted j and renewed efforts were bell1g made wItl; a view to the strengthening of St. John V.A.D. men;bershlp.

Approval was given to a lar ge number .of appOIntments in the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including that of L. Twiston Da\'ies as Lady County Officer, lonmouthshlre Centre and l\Iajor S. E. Tyrwhitt as County Officer, Borough of Ne\\'port Centre. Other to County rank include Corpe; Superintendent Davl? ] ones, who was promoted to County Officer, Borough of l\1erthyr Tydfil Centre, and l\liss Richards, i\latron of the Merthyr Tydfil General Hospital, as Lady County ?fficer. .,.

The registration of the followll1g new DIVISions of the Brwade was sanctioned :-" john Summers," : Cadet Ambulance Diyisions at Yhysybwl, Blackmlll and Maesycwmmer ; County Nursing Divisio?s at Ogmore Vale and Clydach Vale and a nursing sectlOn at Rhoose attached to Barry :\I ursing Divisions.

A report on the Association Department a total of 112 examinations in first aid and home nursing arranged at Priory House since July. It was an.nounced the St. John Ambulance Association had g.lven for classes of mixed sexes to be arr::l nged 1O first al?, p:ovlded that during practical instruction and the examlOatlOn the classes are kept separate. .'

On the recommendation of the respectIve Commissioners, Dr. Thomas john Jenkins, Henllan, Frank Carlton J ones, Surgeon to the Cwmbran. DlvlslOn, elected Honorary Life 1embers of the PrIory for Wales recognition of gratuitous services as lecturers to first aid and home nursing classes. Dr. Thomas J ones, and Dr. F. C. ] ones were appointed to the examlOlOg staff.

Grateful thanks were accorded to the organiser of the South Wales Engineering Exhibition in Cardiff from NO\ em ber 17th to the 27th, for placing a free stand at the disposal of the Priory for the of first equipment.

It was decided to send a Chnstmas Greetmg from the Chapter of the Priory to the Commanderies of the Order in Zealand, Southern Africa and Canada.

A meeting of the Chemical Warfare Sub-Comm.lttee, held earlitr in the afternoon considered new Order on the training and instruction of Bngade l!nlts 10 Air Raid Precautions. It was noted that the eighteen

Brigade Officer nominated to attend a course at the Ci\'ilian Anti-gas School, Falfleld, had been issued with a set of respirators and suil of protective clothing- lo enable them to instruct classes in their respective localities; and that the supply of respirators issued to the Priory for \Val es for the training- of classes had been nted. The following" were appointed A. R. P. Ofhcers for the ar eas named :-=- County Officer Arthur Davies, L1antrisant and District County Area Captain R. M. Evan, B. <:;(., Bedwellty County \rea, 10nmouthshire, and Rob ert Stephen, 1. A., Trevethin Count.\' Area, Monmouth s llire Centre.

NA'TYi\IOEL DI\'ISION.

It has been the ambition of the uperintend ent and officers of the antymoel Division for some years to ru n a n open competition to encourage the maintenan\ of. a hig h standard of efficiency and d a means of keeping \0 touc h with fellow ambulance worker in other parts of the co ur tr ). The generou gift of a trophy by Corps Officer T. I vor E a ns has the Division to fulfill it ambition; and th e !lrst competition was held on aturday, No\' mber 6th.

The team test was judlSed by Dr. ]. Lamb and '1[. D. T. Jones, whose awards were :-1, Kenfig Hill, 111 r ks; 2 Ffaldau 404; 3, 1\1 on. -+02 , Dr. Mullen, Dr. \Vhisher, OOlc€r E ]. Roberts and Pte. L1 lorgan judged the indi\ idual te sts, which re ulted as follow :- '0. 1 Kenfig- Hill, 34 IPar ks; No.2 Kenfig Hill, H k; 3 Ffaldau, I o. ' ·enfig Hill, 38; No.5 1\1on. Police, 43. The hleld and prt (C',> \\ere distributed by Dr. te" art l\1 ullens and \1 rs. Owen Jnnes handed the medals.

A larcye attendance included the A t. for A. \\ \nderson, :\1. B., Ch. B., \ 1r: D. 1ardy jones, Corps Supt. E. G. Howell, l.:: rps Officers A. E. Loves)', Dd. Thoma, T. Bennett an j Lady upt. F. \Vaters, P. S. Doherty, Mr. had William s a nti W. E. Bundy, :\1. E. l\lajor Anderson spoke of tbe high of t.he and of the efficient manner in which all teams did thei r wo rk. He wished the Division every success.

St . Andr e w 's Amb ul ance Ass o cia t ioll.

AVR.-At the annl:al meeting- of the Ayr Local '0 111mittee held last month, General Sir Charles Fergu 0 11 Bt., presided and in moving the adoption of the to the work of the pioneers of the branch, mentIOning p:irt lcularly the long service of Colonel John lillig-an who 'had been a rnember of the Committee since 1891 .

LOCHGELLy. -F ifteen year's ambulance service by L O.mmandant John Graham, was recognised at a social fu nct IOn held by the Lochgelly ection.

Mr. Wm. 1\1'lntosh presided, and Dr. Stephen pre sl nte,d f 1\1 Gra h lin s the 1011 0" service medal, and, In appreCiatIOn 0 II r. II :-. d I' 'tl a ha service as in st ructor, also presente 11m \\'1 1 barometer.

Railway Ambulance News .

Gr e at Western.

of the Bristol men's ambulance

Cil 'iS (lhe largest station .on the system) and women's L I SS received thcIr examll1atlOn a\\ards at the hands of the lIon. \Vindham Baldwin, Director of the Company, a- the annual dinner and smoking concert held at the L'a<1 clla Cafe on :0Jon:mhcr 25th. :\1r. R. C. Polc, Di\. :::u pt., presided, and was supported by local officers of the CU1l1pany. Reports of the ) car's p.rogress wcre mitt cd by :'I[r. E. E. Jakc\\ay and 111 W. U. S.mlth, ...( rl ttlrles of the mcn's and \\ omen's classes rcspectl\'cly.

The prcscntatiull included Up\\ ards of 200 examinatil) I1 award,>, ill addition to a larg-e number of gold (file lcllcy medals and bar for periods ranging from 15 to 35 years' ambulancc ervice. In making presentati 115, ;-'[r. Baldwin cungratulated the reclplents and 111 nti nllcd that oyer 9,000 members of the staff, or 10 p r cent. of the total number of employces, were trained a'no ulance men.

I )IU;-\;-\ICK :\lILL.-:I1r. ). F . .i\ns tl" \ , .\s t. Dl\. Supl, pr icled over the annual p;e entation of a\\'ards to memb r o f the Drinnick 11ill class 011 1\ ovcmber 30th. Among th awards \\ ere a Cjuarter-century gold efficiency medal aM I 1:-\ car medal. Reference \\as made to the number lIi ac tu;.l ca cs of first aid dealt \\ ith by class members ,1Il'L the la , mceting. .\mong the speakers were :\lr. D (;. director of lcs r,-;. English Cla)s and Cu., :\Ir 'r) ler, Chief Engineer' Office, G.\\·.R., and thc Rey. T \\T. (;ilhert, • Tanpean.

l;LOUCfSTl:.R.-The eIghth annual competItIOn for the Les lie Do) ce" CIty hield \\'as held at Gloucester at th: Poom' on Xoycmhcr 23rc1, whenix teams )m p e leu. The; aclj udicator \\ ere Dr. J. Y. Lucas ( - ret cher \\ ark) and Dr. A. J. (individual work\ r) n of Un tol. , \ and Jlltcre ted number ot <;pe't;I 'ar3 \ycrC pre Lilt. including the Mayor and :'Iayo ress of Gloucc ter 0.11'. and ::\lr Trevor \Velling'on) a nd Dr. F. II. The rc ull \\ as declared a £0110 \\:': 1, G.\\·.R., 297 marks; 2, L.M , 261: 3, U.R. C.S., 247; 4, City Police, 219; 5, t. John, 213; 6, ( de nim vVorks, 204. The shield \\"as prcsented to the G. W.R. team by :\1r. A E \Valker, Pre idcnt of the L.l\l.'. Corps, \\"ho conthem on having won it for the fourth con3ecutl\ e time, and the runners-up on the fine show they had put up. Prizes were presented to the members of the first three t eams. The judges commented on the high standard of \York shown. An enjoyablc concert was contributed du.l ng the e"ening.

Members of the Cardiff G.W.R. Male Voice Choir provided the concert.

CHALFORD AND DrSTRICT.-At the annual presentation of awards to members of the Chalford and District ambulance class which took place on r\oyember 23rd, Mr. A. J. Webb of Brimscombe was presented with the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order of t. John by ::\1r. W. S. II. Williams) Div. Supt., who paid high tribute to the value of Mr. Webb's services to the moycment.

Speakers during the evening were Sir Harry Waters, Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John, Dr. J. G. fcLannagan, Dr. A. V. Dill, Messrs. R. H. Taysu!ll, President of the class, and 1r. W. E. J. Perks, Dl\'. Amb. Secretary.

Examination awards gained by members of the class during the past session were distributed, and the election held of class officers for the coming year.

BATII.-The Crown Hotel was the scene of the annual distribution of awards to members of the Bath ambulance class on November 27th, when Mr. R. G. Pole, Diy. Supt., presided, 3.nd was supported by Dr. J. B. Bennett and local officials of the Company. The 22 members who had sat for examination all achieved success.

Londo n, Mid land and Scottish.

E.\RLESTOwx.-The Annual Social of the Earlesto\yn \\"orks Ambulance Class was held on ;":o\'ember 3rd ,,-hen Mr. Anthony presided over a large gathering. :\Ir. Anthony said that during the past year seven candidates had passed their first examination, nine their second, and four their third. Fifty-eio-ht members of the class had been successful for the fourth or subsequent time. The prizes and a\\-ards were presented by Mrs. Anthony including Gold to :\Iessrs. A. G. Clarke and J. T. Green and Gold Bars to Messrs. T. Taylor and R. Cummings, 20 years, G. Marsh and J. T. Griffiths, 25 years. and 1r. F. Hutchings. 30 years.

A vVestminster Chimes Clock was presented to 1\1r. S. H. Eaton who has retired from the position of Clas Secretary after 21 years in this capacity.

PORTOBELLO. - On Sunday, November 14th, the Portobello Section went through a test in connection Wit 1 M J W B rown A. R. P. They were exam1l1ed by r, ames (C.A.G.S.).

t the

Commandant Wm. J. Neilson had been 1l1structor a \1 f class assisted by Dr. Gibson Aitken, and it speaks the instruction received, when a 100 per cent. pass es \\ e obtained.

CARDIFF.- The Lord 11ayor of Cardiff, Alderman Sir Ht rbcrt Hiles, M.B.E., J.P.) paid tribute to the excellent wor k of Great vVestern railwaymel1 WhCll presiding at thL annual presentation of awards at the City Hall. Me mbers of the various Cardiff classes, as well as the Rad yr and Caerphilly classes, received their examination a \\ <l rds at the hands o£ their respective divisional officcrs, and a large number of gold efficiency medals and bar Wcr e also presented by 1\1r. F. G. vVainwright , Div. Supt.

LEICESTER.-The following awards were presented by R. S. Inman on November 18th :-Ladies' Class, 9 certificates, 1 medallion. Men's Class, 6 ccrtificates. 2 vouchers, 2 medallions and 42 labels. Prizes were also distributed to winners of the" Inman" Cup Competition: 1st, Mr. C. R. Hayes (electric clock); 2nd , Mr. J. D. Popple (pipe and pouch); 3rd. Mr. H. Clark e (fountain pen). Mr. Inman paid a tribute to the work of the lecturers, Doctors Binns and Carlton and presented them with fountain pens as tokens of rec ognition and thank.

Lo:woN.-The London District Ambulance Competition held recently, introduced an clement of warfare for the teams had to dep.l with their patient ",hil t wear ing gas masks ,

FIRST

The tretcher ca e provided a keen fight t. Pancra o ainino' 5 mark more than the Euston Clerical "B team. b A hio'h a\ eraO'e of marks in the individual te t howeyer leftthe team winners of the Competition. In the Indiyidual Contest, three entrants tied 100 per cent. marks and a further te t re ulted in a \\,111 for a member of the Eu ton team.

This is the econd year in succession that the team and individual trophies in this competition have been won by the Euston team.

PENRlTII.-At the annual dinner, 11r. J. K el on, ecretary, stated that the membership. wa well up to tandard, 37 name being on the ter. .

Dr. H. B. Thom on poke of the hIgh state of efficiency attained by the class and afterward di _tribllted the follo\\'ing awards: 6 certificates, \'ouchers) J medallion 18 labels and Gold medal (lJ year) to lIes r '\\'ilk'in on and ,\Yright.

PRESTOX.-At a recent smoking concert} 11r. R. C.

AID

of Ambulance wards o'ained reached a total of 6,599 again t 6,392 let t year, whilst the Railway Ambulance Classes numbered 358, an increase of 25 on the previous year. The number 0 [ Laclie ' Classes increa ed hy 5 to '15 during' the year. medals and har were awarded to 127 and 106 ambulance enthu ia t re pectively, making- a total sinc e the inception of these awards of 1,259 gold medals an d 995 g-old bar. ."

The number of team takJ11g part 111 competItIon s held under the Company' auspice sho\\'Cd a reducti on of 18. This l1l1U ual feature is explained by the existen cC' of an influenza epidemic early this year, when most of the competition were in progress.

The pecial Amhulance COInt11ltlee expres gra teful thanks to the Ambulance Sccretarie Cia and other officials for their excellent w o rk 111 the ambul ance l110\ ement.

NORTH EASTER. AREA.

1embers of the rail way ambulance classes will be

when Mrs. Ellis, wife of Mr. H. W. Ellis, Yard Master, Hull East, and President of the class, distributed the awards. On behalf of the class, Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presented Dr. J. Houston (class lecturer) with a fountain pen a nd to Mrs. Houston a basket of fruit as a token of valuable services rendered to the class.

The Centre Secretary presented the awards to members of the Newcastle Police class on November 17th. He cong ratulated them on their 100 per cent. success.

At a social held on November 5th, members of the North Road class received their awards from the hands of Mr. R. \. Smeddle, 'Works :\1anager, Darlington.

Mr. W. Standing, Class Secretary, was presented with a 25 years' long service gold bar by 1r. S. Cooper, Centre Sec retary, and a clock by 1\1r. J. Wastell, Vice-Chairman of th e class.

Those present included 1\lr. T. B. Hare, District Supt. nd President, Darlington Di trict, 1r. S. P. Thompson, I ) istrict Secretary, and I r. J. R. Mowatt, District Chairman.

Mr. D. ;\liddleyard presiJed at the presentation of wards to the T)'ne Dock class and introduced the President, I r. W. H. Dickin on (Resident Oo.:ks' Engineer).

1\lr. Dickin on complimented the cIa s and the competilio n team on the good work done during the past year. The tC'l m had WOll the Newcastle Oi trict shield, the "vVharton" h ie ld, placed ccond in the L T. E. R. final, sixth in the AIIEn gland final, and had won the L. N. E. R. Eng-Jand versus co t land compctition thus bringing the hicld for the first time ) ' ewca tIe Oi trict.

1\lr. A. J. John on, A st. Di trict Supt., presented the ce r tificate and medallion whilsl Capt. Walton, Docks' Eng ineer, T)'ne Do:::-k , presented the labels.

r r. ooper, Centre ecretary, \dlO stated that there we re now 0\ r 3,000 members of the staff in the N.E. Area te nding first aid cia ses, presented a 15 years' gold medal 1\1r. George Pun i ,and a bar for 20 years' service to r . 1\1. Arrowsmith.

A smoking concert was held recently by members of the \\ est Hartl rool clas

London Brick Co. Ltd. Corps, S.J. A. B.

Flowerdew distribu t ed the following a\vards:- 5 certificates , -l- vouchers, 50 labels. Gold medal to ,\V. Turner, Gold bars , C. (25 years) and W. Yates (20 years). 1\1r. F10werdew also presented a grand-daughter clock to Mr. Joseph Greenwood who has been transferred to Willesden.

Mr. C. Secretary, stated that in comp e tition at Blackpool, Preston Passenger Team won the ?i.vision shield and Preston Engineers won the 2nd dIVISIOn shield. Their teams had also won the first three prizes in the Co-operative competition.

london a nd North Ea stern.

The Annual Report of the Special Ambulance Committee on the ambulance activities on the London and North Eastern Railway during the year ended September 30th, 1937, reveals many interesting details.

The total staff employed by the Company in 1937 was 175,849, compared with 171,798 in 1936. The number

pleased to learn that the Chapter General of the Ord er of St. John of Jerusalem, has awarded a Vote of Thank s ('I n Vellum to Ir. Arthur Noble and 1\1r. Fred C, Stead, both of York, in recognition of their services to the St. John Am bulance Association.

Presentation of class awards have been made at num erous centres during the past few weeks.

At Bridling-ton the proceedings opened with a supper a t which Mr. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presided: \1 Mr. J. S. Harper, Districl Supt., and PreSident, H u District, presented the awards, congratulating the memb ers on their success and impressed upon those present t he necessity for new members. Among the awards was da 2S years' long service gold bar presented to M r. J. c. Mau

Members of the Fencehouses class received their awar ds from Mr. H. J Johnson, Asst. District Supt., Sunderlan d, who complimented the recepients on their successes.

Hull East class held its presentation on November 15th ,

Ir. D. F. Winpenny pre ided, supported by Mr. K. P. \ 'a lker (District Goods and Dock Ianager, and President of tI e class and of the 1\1 iddle brough District Centre), 1\1rs. K. P Walker, 1\lr. S. Cooper (Ambulance Centre Secretary), Ie A. Kirk (Di trict ecretary), and Inspector Hall, and Mr Armstrong (Vice-Presidents of the class).

lr. ]. Forrest recei\'ed from 1\lrs. Walker a travelling cas e and an envelope containing cash, and l\lrs. Forrest rece ived an umbrella, being gifts from the class in appreciatio n of lr. Forrest's work as Secretary for a lengthy period.

1\1rs. Walker was pre ented by 1\lr. Armstrong with a sm all gift from the class.

The sixth annual dinner of the Witton-Ie- 'Wear L. N. E. R. am bulance class was held in the Towers, vVitton-le- \-\'ear, on Fr iday, November 10th.

Coun. S. W. Tims (Chairman of the class), who presided, sa id that the awards won by the sludents represented 100 per cent. passes for the sixth year in succession.

Mr. R. Coulthard presented the Instructor, Mr. T. Brown, with a cheque on the occasion of his recent marriage an d later presented a wards.

QUTHERN AREA.

GREAT CENTRAL CE TRE.-On December 2nd the five lea ding teams in the preliminary contests competed for lhe G C. Champion hip Shield at Marylebone.

AID '49

Capt. F. E. Bendix set and judged the team and individual tests, Capt. W. Goodley, I-.1.c. (Centre Secretary) being responsible for the arrangements.

The individual test \vas that of a passenger in a I cstaurant car who had received a wasp sting on left cheek and venou haemorrhage back of left hand. ?l1any competitors failed to apply a bandage over the fingers to arre t haemorrhage (on ide furthere t ayvay from heart) and therefore lost valuable time.

In the team test competitors had to deal with a patient who had fallen from a ladder and in falling had overturned a tar cauldron sustaining severe scald, with clothing adherent of right forearm; \\'ound, with venous haemorrhage, back of scalp; bruise on forehead} dislocated left hip. Two teams only found the bruise on forehead as, having dressed the wound on the back of scalp before turning the patient on to his face, the bandage used to keep the dres ing in position covered it. The dislocated hip seemed to trouble some teams. The injury v, as plainly marked and the patient kept his knee bent with foot turned out; nevertheless two teams treated it as a fractured femur, whilst another dia o- nosed hernia! At the subsequent presentation meeting- Mr. Barrington-\\ rard (Supt. Western Section) presided, supported by Capt. the Hon. E. B. Butler-Henderson (President of the Centre) C. A. Newton (General Manager), '\f r. Do\\ ett (A t. Secretary of the Company), 11r. R. R. l)ettitL (Chief of Police). T. O. Mein , -:\1r. S. Cooper (l't:nlre ecrclary, T.E. Area), and other members of l he Company.

The re ult \\ en.: aJlnuunced IJY Capt. Goodley a iollo\\ : 1st (Championship hield and Barometers), Tu.'Cford, 278 marks; 2nd (Cut Glass Fruit Bowls), Grimsby Dock. 260; 3rd (Oak Clocks), K ew Holland Ferry, 25n; 4th (Cut Glass Fruit Di hes) , Mexborough, 200; 5th (Set of Carvers), Ardwick Traffic. 197,

Individual prize winner: H. Hunt, 2 Tuxford. 11r. Butler-Henderson presented the awards, congratulating the winning- team and wishing them further success in the Group Competition. He remarked that only one t eam present in the final this year was in last year's final, which howed that a healthy and keen competition was present. The total number of awards for efficiency gained during- 1937 was within 20 of last year. hut there appears to be an upward trend in the new entrant this year. Since the formation of the Centre. 14.02: awards had been gained. During- 1937, 17 Gold :'\1edals for 15 year's service and 19 Gold Bars for further periods of 5 years, had been awarded members of the Centre. Also during 1937, five members had been inyested a erving Brothers of the Order of St. John. 11r. Butler-Hender on thanked the Class Secretaries, Lay In tructors and Doctor for the a sistance given and interest taken durino- the past year.

Dr. Bendix in reply to a yote of thank aid he was of the opinion that if competitors \\'ould only get down to practical work with the same thorou g-hnes shown in theory the teams would do much better. He thanked all his helper and the a i tance ginn by the Centre ecretary.

Capt. Goodley, in thanking the Centre President for presenting the awards, informed those present that recently Mr. Butler-Henderson was inye ted as a Commander of the Order of St. John.

Mr. Barrington-Ward concluded the proceedings by paying tribute to the excellent work of Capt. Goodley a Centre Secretary.

GREAT NORTI-IER l CENTRE.-Owino- to illne s and on medical adYicc Ir. T. mith has tendered hi resignation

as Centre Secretary of the G. Centre, which \yill take effect on December 31st, 1937.

1Ir. mith has nearly forty years' service in ambulance work to his credit) haying taken his certificate in 1898. In the same year he was aPP01l1ted a Clas ecretary.

In 1911 he \yas appointed Centre Secretary to the Great Northern Railway Centre, the position he has now reluctantly resigned.

His \york for the ambulance moyement was recognised in 1930 when the Sub-Prior invested him as a Servina Brother of the Order of St. John, and again in June, 1937, when he was promoted to Officer of the Order.

DurinO" his 10nO" term of office 11r. Smith has done much to the "'work of first aid on the G.N.R. and has endeared himself to the members of his Centre.

\Ve wish him many years of happy retirement and hope to see him present as a spectator at forthcoming competitions.

Southern.

B.-\SIXGSTOKE.-The presentation of awards to members of the Basingstoke Class was held recently when 11r. R. Gillingham distributed the awards.

l\Ir. VV. H. Hayne (Station Master) preslded, supported by Dr. H. Radford Potter, to \yhom a .presen t ation was made for his sefYices as lecturer dunng the past t\yelye years, 11r. A. Barrow (District Secretary).

BAR:\sTAPLE.-lIr. W. E. Neil (Loco Foreman) presided at the presentation of awards, supported by 1'1r. E. A. Richards (Vlelfare Asst. and Centre Secretar;o), 11r. F. Causey (Station 1Iaster) Barnstaple), Dr. Kmg (Ilfracombe), and others.

11r. C. F. De Pury (Western Divl. Supt.), urged those present to put Barnstaple on the ambulance map once again, and referred to the successes of the past.

ilIr. Richards said it was a pleasure to attend that evening. As far as the Southern Railway as a whole ,\"as concerned, the year had been a In the. chair that e\'ening was one who obtamed h1s. certtficate 43 years ago, and this old friend v\"as wll.11l1g to offer a cup for district competition among first alders.

GUILDFORD.-A strong appeal for more raihyaymen to take advantage of the facilities offered them for learning first aid \;vas made by Mr. J. Bridger (Station 1\1aster) who presided, and other speakers at the annual concert and presentation of awards to the Guildford ambulance class members.

Mr. Bridger \\"as supported by Mr. J. E. Sharpe (Divl. Supt.), Miss Grindley, 1\Ir. J. Long (Loco Foreman), illr. A. Barrow (District Secretary), and others.

Mr. Bridger declared that there were not half enough men in the weekly class, and he appealed particularly to the young members of the staff to join. He remarked that the standard that existed to-day on the Southern in ambulance matters was due almost entirely to the efforts of the late General 11anager, Sir Herbert Walker, and he was sure that the Centre would receive the same support from his successor.

After distributing the awards, Miss W. Grindley thanked the men for giving up their time to the ambulance work, and, associating herself with Mr. Bridg-er's

AID

appeal, he urged the class to try to the new shield which had been presented for reCrLut111g progres

E \STLEIG1I.- The fir t annual competition al EaslleiO"h were held recently when 9 teams competed. b A tame o'orilla e caped from a travelling causing one woman to faint \\hilst an.other rushing to her a si tance lipped, f raclurcd her nght leg and became unconscious.

Dr. \V. L. Bigby adj udicated on the \\ ork and plac ed Eastleigh first with 212 marks out of 250.

The Mayor of Ea t1eigh (Councillor T. W. Coles ), himself a railwaYll1an, presided at the prize distribution , whilst lIIr. E. A. \V. Turbett) Works Manager, Eastleigh presented the shield to the winnl11g team and the cup presented by 1\1r. T. \\T. Green, to Ea tleigh Loco \i\Tor ke; A" team.

REDBRIDGE.- The 11th annual competition of the R eel bridge Centre was held on atll1:day, ... o\'ember 13t l, when Southampton won the prenller award.

In Group 1, Southampton Central. secured the Redbridge Challenge Cup and first prizes w1th 112 ma rks: and in Group 2, Southampton Docks secured the cup and first prizes with ll5. Twenty-two teams from a w ille area competed and Southampton Central won for the sixth time since the competition was started in 1927 ilIr. Gilbert S. zlumper (General lIanager ) \ 'll was accompanied by Mrs. and lIIi 'zlumper, pr e Idtd at the prize distribution.

Those present included the Mayor and s(Councillor and Mrs. G. H. Prince), the Earl and of Radnor, Sir Sidney Kimber, J.P., and Lady KlIllher, Alderman Mrs. Foster \Velch, T.P., and others.

In addition to the competit'ion awards, evcral sp ccidl prizes and gifts were presented by Lady Radnor. Rolt and Miss Rudgeley received gift a tokens 01 appreciation of their work. lIIr. \Y. \V. Graham (ilIl ch:m Engr.) was awarded the special thanks of the Ord er of St. John on Vellum for his work for the cause; Mr. G. Wilson, Bandmaster, Dock and il IarlJ1(, Band, Southampton, which always plays on Amhul ar; '( Sunday in Southampton wa handed a parcel of 1'1r. E. Uzzell (Chairman) and lIIr. L. B. Pelty (D Ltf'ct Secretary) received gift in appreciation of thei: eff o r te;:

Proposing thanks to Lady Radnor, l\Ir. BIddIe salC:! how pleased they were to ee Lord Radnor, a Direc to: of the Southern Railway, who, like all Director and was very keen on everything appertaining to the welf are of the staff. The Countess, illr. Diddle added, was a gr eat worker for both the British Red Cro sand St. John Am hulaljCC Association.

1\Ir. E. Uzzell proposed thanks to the prize donor alld subscribers, and paid special tribute to the work of hc ] udges, Mr. E. A. Richards (\Velfare Assistant) and stewards.

Drs. R. B. Duncan amI ]. S. Dayie , who judged the work, made some interesting comments on the work 0 f tht teams.

Mr. T. Haslett (Engineer in charge, Works), proposed thanks to Mr. Szlumper, who. '11 response, said how interested he had been in the COl11P Ctl tions. He referred to the great increase in arnbula n("c classes throughout the line. Mr. Szlumper paid spe Cl,lJ tribute to the fine work of Mr. Gillingham, without wh oc,c enthusiasm the competition would not exist.

Whe n yo u w rit e to a ny of our Adverti se rs kind ly me nt ion FIRS T AID . It do e sn 't cost you an yth ing a nd it pleases the Advert isers and U s

Police Ambulance News . CITY OF LO DON.

Four teams, one from each ach division, competed for the " Aldermen's" cup and "Sully" trophy on Thursday, • ovember 25th, when Dr. R. B. Duncan judged the team an d individual tests.

those who witnessed the tests was Captain Da vison (Asst. Commi ioner), Chief Supt. Booth, Dr. Gd) bons (Police Surg-eon), Chief lnspector Green, Mr. I H. ully of the individual cup), Capt. W. Goodley, ;\1 C. (Commls lOner .J.A. B.), Mr. D. G. ;\lonteith (Co mpetition ecretary, S.l.A.A.), Chief Inspector Frith Police), 'apt. A. e. While Knox, I. e., and Com mander Emery (City. pecial ) and others.

The indi,idual test was that of a cyclist who had been brou ght to the ground by a dog. On examination the patie nt was found to be sufTering from a dog bite wound and frac ture of both bone of the right leg. As it was not po:; ible to obtain particulars of the dog, most competitor tna ted the bite as tor rabie. This was understandable, but it was \ ery urpri ing- to note that the leg and patient was moved before examining the leg. Consequently a sim pl e fracture became compound.

In the tcam test the cyclist had been hit harply on the jaw by a chain from a lorn. Examination showed that patie nt \Va suCrLring- from cOlicus ion, cut on temple, brui e on ja w, no c blceding-, imr1e fracture of left arm. th > l:ompetition Chief Supl. Booth announced tilt' results, \\ hich \\ ' ere :- lst "A" Division 2-t1 marks' 2nd, C" Di\ ision (\\ inners' on the la l occasions) 23 ; 1)"{.1, "B" Division, 2H; -ttll. "D" Diviion, 208. l,\·inn pr of the indi\idual LUp: P.e. 170A :\JcDermott, with i5 m ark. The \\ ' inning- team compri ed P.C' Brown, Bull, I\J orton, :\lc Dcr molt (captain), Lu h, with Crozier (r e n·c).

The :\ i tant Lommi ioner presented the trophies, cong r a tulating- the \\ inner . on their fine performance. He e.oprcs oed the regret of ir Hugh Turnbull that he wa un,t Ie to be prcscnl. Cart. Davi on referred to the tr me ndous ",due of fir!:>t aid.

Dr. Duncan, in repl) to a vote of thanks, ran throug-h th ls ts pointing out \\ here mi takes had been made. He l ed hi to alJ \\'ho maJe hi ta k a happy one. , The competItIon wa organised by In pector Mumford (l h£1 .\111bulance Committee) a si ted by T. R l'';(> b {?, the steward including Sergt. J. Wheatley ()ml1lander G. E. Craft ( it)'. pecials), and 1llt'1ll he rs of the Ci ty force.

;\lETROPOLITA0,".

final of lhe "Parsons" shield and placque comI Ions were held at Peel House, on Friday, I'\ovpmber 6t 1, when ten team presented them elves before Dr. H \ • Fenton (team) and Dr. R. V, Steele (individual).

eenness was the keynote of all competitors and each team s :\"ork was applauded wholeheartedly.

I t IS .very evident that first aid among mem bers of the Metr opolItan Force occupies a most high position and this is to be wondered encou ragement is g-iven by Sir c li P. Game (Comml slOner), 1\1r. Georg-e Abbiss (Asst. or 11111ssioner), both of whom attended the competitions and senIO r officeI s.

The team test represented a motor-car which had collided with a tree. The marking sheet for this test was a s to llows:_

CARD OF INSTRUCTION.-Your team is about to practice when the officer on duty calls you to go and attend to a motor accident in the road. He heard a noise and on looking out saw that a car had crashed head on into a tree.

Time limit IS minutes. Warning at 10.

STAGING OF TEsT.-Driver of car is huddled up in his seal, indicate fracture of lower right ribs, direct fracture of left patella and a cut on right side of forehead. Rug in car.

Rapid approach and encouraging words 2

Force open doors on both sides 2

Speak to patient (seems dazed) 2

Ob erve blood on forehead (bright, red, spurting) -t Apply direct pressure to temporal artery.. 2

Js hccmorrhage controlled (yes) 2

Examine \vound (incist.d and clean) ... 2

Apply iodine, clean drEssing. pad and firm bandage... -+

Relea5e direct pressure (hcemorrhage controlled) 2

A k patient how he feels (faint and giddy) 2

\-Vhere in pain (lower ribs right side, left knee) 2

Send mem ber to phone doctor or am hulance 2

To bring hack cold water and blankets 2

Police surgeon out, ambulance in 8 minutes 2

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT.

Colour of face (pale) 2

Test pulse (quick and weak) 2

Breathing (sig-hing and quick), any odour (no) -t

Skin (cold and clammy) 2

Thorax (find pain and swelling right lower ribs extending onto abdomen) ... 2

Sharp cutting pain on attempting deep breath 2

Diagnose direct complicatpd fracture ribs -t

LEFT KNEE.

Find swelling, loss of power ... 2

J rregularity over palella, no separation 2

Diagnose fracture patella by direct \·iolence 2

Thighs and legs normal -t

Arms and spine normal -t

Decide to remO\ e patient from car 2

TO room to apply splint, tie both legs together by bandage round both ankles, thighs and knees 6

Place rug over near side seat and between patient's back and back of seat 2

upporting his legs and shoulders g-ently slide him on to near side keeping rug- under him, his legs are then moved on 10 the driver's seat 6

Lift patient out on the rug via near side

Lay him down with his body inclined towards injured side and supported there... -+

Loosen tight clothing 3

Place arm on injured side in large arm sling 2

Cover patient (blanket or coat) 2

Note patient feeling more faint, breathing laboured .3

Increasing pallor face and lips, skin cold and clammy 3

Test pulse (weaker, patient complains of want of air) 3

Ask if s,,·elling over lower ribs and abdomen (yes) 3 '

Diag-nose internal hcpmorrhage 2

Sprinkle cold water on face, smelling salts to nostrils, apply cold dressing over injured part '+

Apply splint to back of left leg 2

Secure by bandages round thigh and anI-des using original 4-

Apply figure-of -eight bandage to patella 2

App ly col d dress i ng 2

'CE ARRI\·ES.

Prepare and test stretcher

Place in position for loading

Load and s u pport patient in suitable position

-t 2 10

Prepare to load ambulance 2 Load ambulance 6 Rapidity of treatment the earlier patient gets to hospital the better his chance. -1General method and leadership 10

Total 160

The individual tests were Nos. 1 and 3, a patient suffering from h<:emorrhage from nose, sprained left ankle (out of doors shelter 25 yards off); Nos. 2 and 4, patient suffering from concussion-compression, fractured right forearm, capillary hcemorrhange from head; No.5 had to give details of examining a patient suffering from sulphuric acid poison.

Mr. Abbis announced the results of the tests which were :-

1, " G " Division, 266t. 6, " 1\1 " Division, 235i·

2, "F" 7, " Z" .), "S" 25 1t. 8, "V"

4, "X" 9, ,. B" 213.

5, "Y" 10, " vV" 208t·

Highest individual aggregate: "F" and "G" Divisions tied with 129i marks each

Sir Philip Game presented the trophies and decided that " F" and "G" should hold the individual placque six months each. He was very pleased to be present and spoke of the importan..:e of first aid to the Force. He congratulated the winners and paid tribute to the doctors for their great assistance.

The Assistant Commissionr thanked Sir Philip for his presence and referred to the forthcoming "Pim" trophy competitions.

Chief Inspector Frith was the ambulance secretary, the stewards being members of the City and Metropolitan Forces.

The Hospitallers' Club.

THE November meeting was held on Friday, November 12th, when Mr. Geo. Roebuck, F. L.A., Borough Librarian, Walthamstow Corporation, addressed the members on "The Modern Idea."

The speaker referred to the Victorian Age encircled with conventions, and gradually progressed to the present day, drawing comparisons between yesterday and to-day. Mr. Warren proposed a vote of thanks, which Mr. May seconded, for the interesting evening.

At the business part of the meeting, Mr. A. E. Wells (President) reminded members of the Club's annual d inner to be held on February 9th at Connaught Rooms.

Reference was also made to 'the successful dance held in October.

The Remembrance was read by Mr Knight.

On December 10th the speaker was Capt. A. C. White Knox, M C., M.B. (Assistant Commissioner, S.J.A.B.), who addressed the Club on " Up-to-date First Aid," this being a paper he read at the Safety First Congress, a resume of which appeared in this Journal.

As may be expected, a lively discussion followed the address, members being keen to learn all about the proposed alterations in the new S.}.A.A. textbook.

Mr. Wells (President) conveyed the members' sincere thanks to the speaker for his most interesting and instructive address.

The President also conveyed to the members his sincere wishes for the Festive Season and the New Year; and expressed thanks for the support and kindness shown him during his term of oAlce.

Home Service Ambulance Committ ee.

\CCORDING to the report for the quarter ended eptember 30t h, 1937, there were 150 Committee Ambulances on that da te, and 240 stations, making a total of 390.

The number of patients carried during the quarter was 41,232 making- a grand total of 1,8-+3,988 since the incep t ion of the Committee. Of this number, Devonshire has carr ied 379,911 cases, Lancashire, W. 215,798 and Kent 123,911.

The report stresses the importance of ambulance tra nsport in A R. P. and includes an extract from a recent by the Chief Medical Officer of the A. R. P. Departmen of the Home Office to the Sanitary Inspectors' Association. I n this address, stress was laid on the inadequate numbe r o f ambulances available should an air raid become an establi she d fact, and the difficulties of overcoming the problem. In t he same way, decontamination of ordinary stretchers is cemplicated by the fact that the wooden handles absorb mu st<t rd gas and the canvas, if boiled, will shrink about 4 inche s

Coming Events

.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 fu th· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

DECEMBER.

25.-Christmas Day. A terry Greeting To All.

ANUARY.

1.-A Happy New Year to all First Aiders. 11.-Cine-Lecture "Circulation" and "Control of Bleed ing ," Wood-lane Schools, Dag-enham. Open tn all.

21.-Hospitaller's Club teeting, Bonnington lIotel, Lo ndo n.

22 -Durham, Cleveland and Vlestmorland "Donald R in" Divisional Competitions.

2S.-No. 9 District Police "Pim" Trophy om peti tio ns , Peel House, London.

FEBRUARY.

4.-Central Area No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) Distr ict, S.} .A. B., Annual Social, Shoreditch Town Hal l.

5.-Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland "Eli zab eth Bain" Divisional Competitions.

Sand 6.-AlI-England A R.P. Course S.}.A.B., ll real Central Hotel, London.

9. -Stratford District L. N . E. R. Challenge Shield Co m petitions.

11.-Hospitallers' Club Meeting, Bonnington Hotel, Lo n don.

15. -Cine· Lecture " Digestion" and "Care Wounds," Wood-lane Schools, Dag-enham. all.

of Minor Op en to

19.-B.R.C. S. Blood Transfusion Service Annual Di n ne!, Hulborn Hall.

19.-Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Districts Ambulance League Final Competitions, Durham.

19. -Hospitallers' Club Annual Dinner, Connaught Ro oms.

THE POCKET BOOK OF FIRST AID J ACCIDENTS AND CIIEMICAL WARF:\RE.

By E. M. Cowell, D.S.O., M.D., F.R.C.S. London: George Gill & Sons, Ltd.

Price J - net.

This book seeks the high purpose of including in two parts the salient points with reference to first aid in Accident.s and Chemical \-\Tarfare; and it will appeal more particularly tho e undertaking the duties of gas wardens under the vanous local authorities.

I deal .with first aid in Accidents. Indeed, in <; everal IOstances It goes the limits of first aid t hat it t.ells !lrst aiders what ought to be the treatment t he patient reaches medical aid; and under treatment of compound fracture a sociated with earth contamination it further still, ince it tells first aiders to "advise the patient to a k for Anti-Tetanic Serum!" L'nfortunately he;e and there th.ere errors. For examples, the P01l1t . of the Axillary I badly muddled with that of the ; the diagrams of Schakr's method of arlirc plratlon how the patient with his head resting on h iS Ilexed c:nd the operator with his thumbs in close co ntact \\'Ith hi neither of which is as Schafer Two methods of performing artificial plrat.lOn are_de and illu trated, and these will prove In terestIng- to IIr t alder.

Part 1I gi\'e. a short account of first aid in Chemical \ arfare; and It ections are arrang d according to :i) Ilabu of lecture compiled by the B. R.C.S. The author m akes free e of which hould prove most useful to tudents In their ta k of mastering the mass of detail \' hlch goes to make up the ubject of :\. R. P.

\\'.-\I{\\'I K .\ND FIR T AID TO THE Il'nURED ICK

Edited by F. '. ;\1.C., :'11. B., Ch.B. Bri tal: John \\'ri£5ht C' ons Ltd Price 2S. 6d. nel.

II publication ?f this (the 16th) ('dition of this \yell.10 \.\ n. textb?ok continue to keep well abreast of the times, l.tS feature i a much fuller account of G;;)S I In Although tltis section of the book ,\ as speCIally \\'[Itten for the previous edition a year ago 't ha s been doubled in size owing- to the increased / nd Importance c:f the ubject and to the advancement that .la s been made slOce that time.

l' As previous issues, the body of the lanllal has been Ci v lded .Into two main parts. In the first the essential facts and physiology are set out accuratel r nd With the result that the intelligent 1 n acquI.re therefrom a sound knowledge of the structure a nd functIOns of the normal body.

b dThe part opens with a description of the various l ages which may be useful to first aiders including roller and those of special forms. follows r pters on hcemorrhag-e, on wounds, on sprains dislocao ns a.nd fractures, for each of which the treatI:le nt. IS set out in full detail. Incidentally, we note with that on p. 141, "oily dressings are employed in the eatment of burns," and on p. 197 "when burn is slight

lint covered wit.h o.r substance is applied." We suggest that thiS instructIOn IS not in accord with present day method of first aid.

It is to note that patients suffering from fracture of sp1l1e are to be treated and removed" as found" and that those suffering from fracture of pelvis are to be transported as fracture of spine. For the of of clavlcl e we n?te with disapproval two diagrams which patient With pad outside his buttoned coat whereby Its usefulness is considerably lessened.

Next an admirable chapter on asphyxia, with a full of tl:ree methods of artificial respiration, Schafer, Stlvester (sttll mis-spelt Sylvester) and Laborde. com.es a on poisons, of which an alphabetical list (covertng SIX pages of small print and including special symptoms and treatment) is a nnteworthy feature.

Then, after careful chapters dealing with the ImmedIate treatment of lnsenslbtlity and local injuries the includes a helpful chapter on methods of port which are !or all possible requirements on land and sea, by rad and air; and it ends with an accu r ate glossary of and a most comprehensive index. In short, again commend the textbook to all our readers who will learn much from study of its 300 pages.

Na tional Fire Brigade s Association.

SeRREY DISTRICT.

annual ambulance competitions of the Surre' Dlstnct \,ere held at Epsom on Saturday, November 20th) when for the first time junior events were included in programme

T The judges were Dr. J. Curtis (District Surgeon, Surrey and Lt.-Col. C. H James (County Surgeon .J.A.B.); the secretary baing G 1\ w'lr :'11. 1.l\1. T., of Redhill. .. .•. 1 lamS,

Those present included the Mayor of Epsom (AId U n?erhill, J. P.), Chief Officers Cah:o (Coulsdon and :\1 aJor Rouse (Reigate), Commander (Caterham), Higgins (l\lolese)'), and Councillor Sharp and V.D.C ).

Dunnl2' an Interval a demonstratl'on was given of the " No\'ox" resuscitating outfit.

The tests and results were :-

Junior 1st and "Brooker" cup F' R bb ( , Ireman .a otts Caterham); 2, Fireman Byrne (Reigate) . 3 (tie) Firemen J:Ieather (Surbiton) and Davis (l\lolesey).' A league :vhtlst at a fire complains of something in his e 'e. Competitors had to treat the case. )

Junior Two-man: 1st and "Brooker" cup F' D' d 70.1 h I ( lremen an IC 0 as 2, Firemen Byrne an d Phl.lbps In thiS test competitors had to treat a patient s.uffenng from compound fracture of left leg.

SenIor Two-man: 1st and" Kirk" cup, Firemen Witch and Trussler (:\lolese):); 2, Firemen Cain and Chandler Competitors had to treatment for a fracture 111 both bones of forearm.

Senior Four-mar;: 1st and "Bell" memorial shield, 1\loles.ey ( 1essrs. WItch, Trussler, Davis and Nicholas)' 2, (Messrs. lartin, Byrne, Holman and vVooller)' I n thiS test two men had been overcome in a crarag fi one s ffi' I 1:> ere, u rom p 10sgene poisoning and the other had C. O. pOisoning and burn on forehead.

The Mayor of Epsom presented the awards and conthe men on excellent display.

. C?hlef Officer Cunn1l1gham-Glen (Chairman of the Surrey thank.ed the the judges, and Chief Officer .u:-,h, of the Epsom StatIOn, for the assistance they had given.

said that the entries were very creditable to the District and the standard of work was high.

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE S ISTER.

1 DrsTRIcT, S.J .ri. B.

t\ORTHERN AREA. - On Wednesday, December 1st, Lady Supt. l\liss 1\1. A. Vicary paid a farewell vi it to No. 74 (Finchley and Southgate) Nursing Di\ ision, follo\.\'ing her recent transfer to Headquarters Air Raid Precaution Staff. For the past eight week :\li s Vicary has been g i\' ing a re\ isionary course of lectures on Air Raid Precautions to the Division and, at the conclusion of the last lecture, Lady Ambulance Officer :\liss Daniel thanked 1iss Vicary for the work she had done for the Division 'Nhilst she was its Superintendent, and wished her every happiness in her new post. She then presented her with a green leather fitted travelling case bearing her initials, from the officers and members of the Division.

l\liss Vi cary suitably responded, and said she would always treasure the gift, and have bappy memories of the days when she was Superintendent of " 7+t\."

TO 2 DISTRI CT, S.J.A.B.

LEE-O -SOLEN T NURSIt'{G DI'\'ISIO - This Division has gi\'en useful and efficient service for a number of years at a hut on the :'Ilarine Parade, opposite Lee Tower. Circumstances demand that the hut should be taken down, and the Division is faced with the necessity of providing a new first aid post.

To raise money for that purpose, a ball was held at Lee Tower on t\O\ ember 5th. The Mayor, Ald. Major e. F. O. Graham, O.B.E., J.P., and the 1\layoress, 1\lrs. Graham, J. P., honoured the company with their presence.

His Worship took this opportunity to congratulate the Di\,ision upon its enterprise. He was always ready to help those organisations which helped themselves, but he would not do anything for those who waited for others to come and help them. Referring to their work as members of the Brigade, he complimented them upon their willing and efficient service.

Corps Supt. O T. Francis thanked the Mayor and Mayoress for their support, and also all who had helped or given prizes to make the event a social as well as a financial success.

READ! G CADET Dn ISION.-For the second time in succession Cadet Ivy Clark won the silver cup for first aid and home nursing at the competition held this month. Cadet Pauline l\Iay was second, and Cadet Corporal Eileen Barne,,; third.

The cup was handed to the winner by Supt. J. Winterbourne.

COMPETITION AT BOURNEi\IOUTH.-The vIctIm of an "accident" supposed to have taken place in Christchurchroad, Boscom he, provided the case for seven teams at the annual competition for the" Deff-Dunbar " cup.

The trophy was won by South bourne with 183 points out of a possible 205, :\1eyrick " B" team being the runn ers-

up 155 They WEre a"varded the" Pinder" cup. Oth er results were :-3, l\leyrick "C JJ 4, Bournemouth S 1e\'rick " A JJ 6, Talbot; 7, Torth Bournemonth.

- Assistant CC)unty Commi sioner Dr. G. H. Mors e, presided at the presentation performed by Lady Coun t; upt. 1\lrs. Hayes. Other present were Lady Coun t) Officer 1\1 iss I-fayes, Lady Corps upt. l\liss Ai h and Lad Corps Officer 1\iiss Gardiner. Dr.]. Yuill Walker kindl acted as judge.

Dr. l\lorse praised Southbourne for the clear marg-m hy which they had won the cup.

3 DISTRICT S.J.A.B.

FLECKNEY SECTION, T. ;\l,.\RY'S ING DI\ ISll):-\

First aid certificates won by members and cadets of t h" section were presented to the succes ful examinee .on Tovember 11th, prior to which Lady County Officer ;\1 1 s Partridg.e inspected the members.

lr. Vortle)' S. Lovell, President of the Leice ter or p', presided, and reports on the \\'ork of the eel ion \\'( e submitted by the ecretary and Treasurer.

1\0. 5 DISTRI CT, .J.A. B.

E\\' TURSI'G DI\'ISION AT ClIESfERFIELD. - At a w ell attended meeting held at Ch e sterfield Police H eadquarters it was decided to form a Oi,ision of the Brigade.

The meeting- was arrang-ed by the CIllef Con table, \ lr. T. Wells, who presided, and among those present were L ad\' District Supt. 1rs. Birkbeck, Lady District fficer :'Il r vVood, 1. B. E., Assistant COl11l11i sioner II. C. Chamb er.; and District Officer J. T. Good \'\ in, :\1. B. E.

The Chief Con table introduce:! 1\lrs. Birkbeck, and sa d that the presence of so many ladies at the meeting pro \'ld that they were keen to tackle the job seriously. He \\ IS confident that they would soon be showing good re ults. Assistant Commissioner H. C. Chambers aid that lie would welcome the formation of a Nursing Divisioll of the Brigade in Chesterfield. They already had a Red Cr oss detachment, but owing to a pact made many years ago t ll It neither the Brigade nor the Society would form units wh e e the other was working, nothing had been done in field towards forming a Nursing Division of the Bngade. They were on particularly friendly terms with the Red Cfl"S in Derbyshire, and they helped each ot/ler as much IS possible. At the beginning of this year, however, for reas ons closely connected with Air Raid Precautions, the pact I.lad been cancelled. He hoped that the formation of a NurS IngDivision would not disturb the happy relations with the R pd Cross.

Thev had only e ight Nursing Divisions in the cou nty with a ot 220 compared with about 1,900 am bulance men in the county. Chesterfield was the centre. of Brigade work in Derbyshire, and the formation of a NurS Ing Division in the town would be a boon.

Mrs. Birkbeck said it was cheering to know of the won -

derful response to the Chief Constable's appeal for recruits to the Brigade. After speaking of the origin of The Order of John, she went on to oulline the work of a Nursing Division. Their work in peace time was most important and it was desirab le that members hould study that they might be able to render assistance whenever called upon lo do so. In time of war, Nursing Divisions took their part in the defence of the civil population of the country. She hoped that they wou ld form a Division and train thenLelves in peace time so that if war came they would be ready.

Lady District OOlcer 1\lrs. Wood also addressed the audience, supporting Mrs. Birkbeck's remarks.

The speeches were followed by a series of films showr: by P.e. aunder, depicting the inspection in Queen's Park, Chesterl1eld, in July, the ambulance camp at Croml1eld, t1lf' ;llllbulance onicers' garden party at Gro\'e IIill, Newbold \/oor, and the in pection of the Brigade by H.:\1. the Queen in Hyde Park.

It was formally re olved that a division be formed in Che terlielJ. It will Slart with a membership of a bout 20 who possess the nece sary certifi cates, but there will be a large number of probationer who will be trained for the qualifying examinations.

'\0 . l) DISTRICT, .J.A B. BOD;\II ' I'\l'RSI. ; 01\ ISIO:-:. The annual in pection of t he 1\ursing and I'\ur Cadet Divi ion, under Lady Arnbulanc Ilicer Fradd, took place at the Ambulance tation, on unda),,:\ o\'cmber 7lh. It was carried out by t he Lady ount) uperintendent.

After the inpection, 1\1 rs. Hare, who was cordially \\'e lcomcd, r Ll!in:,d her badge of onice a Vice-President.

The in peeling oillcer aid he had heard of the good wo rk the Bodl1lin Di\ is ion was doing, and he both tht.: senior and cadet members to teams lo c ompete in the County competilions.

CO:\II ETITlO:-':..\ r E'..ETER. - The :\orth-East and l\lidl ?l!\'on annualll1l11petilions for the" Gray JJ cup for Nursing Cadets wcre heldnn aturday, :\o\'ember 27th, at Exeter.

, The, G;-ay JJ. cup, 1, Torquay; 2, ,', h.lngbndgc 4, lIea\'ltree' 5 Pairrnton' 6 Abbot. II cup, '; 2, B-;'rnsta'ple:

,. and olher a\\' ard wer kIndly presented by 1\lrs \ IL k, wife of the County Commi sion r, \\'ho was aCCOlllp,a nied by A.ssi ount)' Commissioner Hing-ston, Lady upt IIard), Jack on, Corps upt. C. ]. and Lady Corp upt. I\liss Wood.

I REL\NO, .]. A. B.

The om missioner for Northern Ireland, 1\1r. Ian has ju rcceiv d ad\' icc! that ;\lrs L. Kirkpatrick, of -\ ntnm, and Ir s. E. :\Ioretol1, of Belfast have been a dmitted a Serving isters of The Order of J ohn.

Bolh ladies have r;i\'en 101lt; and \ aluable ervice to th0 Brigade, with the Great \V ar, and they are to be co ngratulated on the honour bestowed upon

In connection with the Air Raid Precautions scheme t he following in structor in Northern Ireland have r ecei\'ecl G rade 1 Certificates - Ir D. Parker, Belfast; 1\lr J. K F orbes, Coleraine; I\lr. J Luke, Belfast; lUi s I\I. Andersoll, Ba llymena.

D ORSET B. R. e. S. COMPETITIONS.

Eight teams took part in the competitioll of this branch )f the Society for the "I Ichester" and "Mount Batten JJ c ups, which was held at Bridport on November 27th.

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As a result vf their interest in first aid matters they read the Institute's advertisements with keen interest and decided to in crease their knowledge in Physical Treatment. To them the Course was easy to learn and a highly profitable fieJd of unlimited scope was opened up. .\t the end of their short period of training they had earned th.e I.nstitute's Diploma and finally gave up their poorly pald Jobs and set up in practice on their ownqualified in massage and joint manipulation. To-day they are earning- big money regularly. There are hundreds of prospective clients around you and your time will be filled by appointments made for you by :\ledical Practitioners, ursing Homes, Hospitals, Athletic Clubs, and priYate patients where\ er you li\ e.

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.f.VaJlle

Address F A Dec., 1931.

A village team from Marnhull won the" l\lount Batten" cup, defeating representatives from towns in all parts of Dorset. The" llchester" cup, for leams with under three years' servicE', was won by Blandford.

The final placings were:-"Mount Batten" cup: 1, l\larnhull; 2, Sherborne; 3, Swanage; 4, Blandford; 5, Charmouth.

" Ilchester" cup: 1, Blandford; 2, Sherborne; 3, Swanage.

"The teams showed commendable keenness in their performances of the various tests," said Miss \Vinterbottom of Bridport Hospital, ('tne of the judges.

The other judges were Mrs. Li£;htowler, matron, Bedford House, Bridport Miss Whittle-Fudge, Dorchester; Dr. and Mrs. Taylor, Bridport; and Dr. H. Lake, Beaminster. Lady Rugge Price of vVimborne inspected the various units.

The presentation of awards was made by Lady Ilchester. She cengratulated the teams on their fine work and all members on their smart appearance.

PORTSMOUTH WIN THE" COOPER" CUP.

Three teams of V.A. D.s competed 111 the finals of the B.R.C.S. County Competition for the "Cooper" cup at Newburgh House Drill Hall, \Vinchester, on Saturday, November 20th.

The team test was based on an imaginary double accident at a country house garage in 'which one man suffered a fractured patella, and the other was found lying under a car unconscious. There were also individual first aid and home nursing tests, and marks were given for smartness of uniform.

The judges for the team test were Surg-eon RearAdmiral A. W. Keir, R.N. (ret.), and Miss White, late matron of the Royal Surrey Hospital; individual first aid, Dr. Everitt; home nursing-, Miss Phillips, late matron of the ] nwood Cottage Hospital, Alton; uniforms, 1\1rs. Cobb, Commandant, Hants 250.

The results were announced as follows :- 1 Portsmouth, Hants 8, 288; 2, Burlesdon, Hants 24-2, 180 ; 3, vVinchester, Hants 34, 176t.

Lieut.-General F. Griffiths, Chairman of the vVinchester Air Raid Precautions Committee, presented the" Cooper" cup to Portsmouth, and the Commandants' cup for the runners-up to Burlesdon, as well as medals to individual members.

Items, Divisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c ('t The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannonstreet, London, E.C.4.

Melton Mowbray team won the" Du Pre" shield at a competition held at Loughborough on Saturday, December 4th. Five teams from Leicestershire c ompeted.

County Commissioner S. F. P. Wilson carried out the annual inspection of the Com mondale and Castleton S. J. A. B., and presented A. R. P. certificates to fourteen successful candidates.

Colchester, with 234 points, gained the "H. Langley Jones" cup at the Essex S.J.A.B. County competitions, held on December 4th. Harwich was second and Clacton third. County Commissioner for Hertfordshire, H. Langley Jones, donor of the cup, presented the trophy.

AID

Letters to the Editor.

\Ve are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, Or the statements made, by Correspondents.-EDITOR.

VISITS TO THE LONDON HOSPITAL.

DEAR SlR, -

I shall be grateful if you will permit me, through th e medium of your valuable pRper, to draw the attention of you r readers to the following.

As many of your readers are aware, I have recenLly le ft hospital after operations for glaucoma and. having no \\ decided to resign from my strenuous activities in connecti on with the ledical I woulLi draw their attention ttl the fact that I shall no longer be able to give lectures.

If persons desirou of communicating with me will wri te to the address belo\\.' I hall be plea e d to give them consideration.

Thanking you for your kindness in this matter.

Yours faithfully.

WALTER J . H ,\RRI 86, St. Helen' s -road , \Vestcliffe-on- ea, Essex. Late of London Ho s ri t Ll l\ledical Collegt>.

LOWEST N BER

DEAR SIR, -

It \"ould be intere ting to learn who po es e ' the low l''lt medallion number in the United Kingdom.

Perhaps your readers would respond to this enquir y Your , c., " \VORh Ii: R " A RECURD?

DEAR SIR, -

I \.\ as interested lo read in the Augu l i s ue of the rec ord of mother, father and four sons holding Fir t Aid c ertificates In my division there are mother, t\.vo daughters, a th ird daughter in cadets, all holding- First Aid and Home Nur s ingcertificates, another daughter has just started cadet course (here's hoping for another s u c ces). Father and son in Brigade have Firs t Aid ccrtifi c Rtes ; father, mother and or e daughter hold A. R. P. certificates. There are two oth r families of father, mother, and son, in one case all active members holding First l \id, Home and A. R. P. certificates. I myself have two brothers in Brigade.

Yours truly,

E. BROWN, S. R. Pres cot. Lady Supt.

The Irthlingborough Division, S.l .A. B., has decided to purchase a new motor ambulance. The new car will be a 25 h. p. model with "Lomas" stretcher, bed and loadi ng gear.

The annual compelttlOn for the" Loadsman " cup was held on Tuesday, November 23rd. The competition is op en to teams of the Have police and that composed of P.c. 's Kemp, Garforth, Arnold and Stockwell was declared t he winner.

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Examination of a Patient.

\VHILST there is no correct method to followed when examining a patient, we frequently witness, especially in competitions, much loss of time and many points lost.

\Ve should always keep in mind the three essentials as laid down in the Textbook, namely, the need :-

(1) To determine the nature of the case;

(2) To decide on the character and exten t of treatment, and

(3) To apply the treatment most suited.

First, we must look for any obvious indica · tions of in jury such as hcemorrhage, marks on clothing, surroundings, etc. That done, we must ascertain whether the patien t is conscious or unconscious. If the former, a great deal of information can be obtained from the patient and much time saved by intelligent questioning.

If unconscious the complete examina tion of an unconscious patient must be carried out quickly but efficiently.

The following is suggested as a method whereby a correct diagnosis can be made and efficient treatment given without waste of time :-

(1) BLEEDING. Any seve1'e hcemorrhage must have priority of treatment.

(2) BR EAT H! l G. Ascertain whether or no patient is breathing. If not, immediate artificial respiration is essential. (Note . -Severe bleeding will not take place if patient is not breathing.)

(3) BRAIN. Ascertain if the patient is conscious. Speak to him; test his eyes, note whether bloodshot, note size of pupils and whether equal or unequal. Also question patient, if conscious, regarding presence and site of pain and history of case.

(4) EXAl\IINATION. Commencing with top of head, examine from above down for deformity, irregularity, swelling suggesting fracture of bones; examine for wounds, burns, bruises rtnd other local injuries; ears for fluid suggesting fractured base of skull; jaw for irregularity; mouth for obstruction; chest for irregularity of ribs; upper limbs, spine, pelvis and lower limbs, including test for limpness if patient unconscious, or loss of power if patient is conscious; and temperature of body taken with the back of the hand on a part that has been kept covered.

The patient's clothing should not be forgotten, especially if he is unconscious. In the pockets may be found clues of importance such as a bottle with "poison" label and smelling of such, and articles which can be used for im provisation, but, as legal difficulties may arise, first aiders are warned against exploring a patient's pockets except in the presence of a witness

TREATMENT FOR SHOCK. Keep patient re-

AID

cumbent and warm; place covering under and over patient; do not expose parts unnecessaril y; undo tight clothing; allow abundance of fresh ai r; give hot drink if conscious and able to swallo w, and 0 on.

lf wounds are found, note size, chara cter (pu nctured, lacerated, incised or con tused), hcem orrhage (amount and character), whether clean or dirty, foreign bodies present (glass, etc.), an)' protusion of organs, any bruising or bone protuSlOn.

All these i terns assist in maki ng an effic ie1t examination and correct diagnosis. In additio n LO above the usual routine of telephoning for med ical aid and of arranging for after-care and transpor t of patient must be carried out.-G.E.C.

S.J.A. B. Over'seas.

CEYLON POLICE CORP

Once ag-ain the ann ual report of the In''rector Gt.'1 eral of Police shows thi Force s certai nl, one of the forl Corps in the Brig- ade O\·ersea , l\1emb e rship now totals 2,0,")9 all rank s, and it is interesting to note lh al e\'e ry policeman \\"ho has a "ullic ie nt knowledge of English is requir d to take a first a id certificate. Of the total numb e r 3 1x I1ll'mbcrs hm·e (0 111pl e ted 10 years' e ni cie nt in tlw orp<;, 9:-; have rO I1lpleted 15 years', whil t 1 6 have comp eted 20 years' en ;ce

The Corps is in po _ses, ion of con id rabl quip m nt and every station in the Island is equipped \\ ith a first aid box a nd hamper containing- first aiLi mall- rial Spe c ial attention is paid to teaching- membl rs to impro\ I!:> C from materials found al or near the cene of th acciLiell t.

E\·ery member of the e) Ion P olic Force has a k no wledge of Schafer's method of artificial re piration an d recruit is passed out until he can swim. Numerous Cl' rtl ft· cates and awards of th e R oya l Lif e aving Society has bee n obtained by member, including 6S Awards of :'Il e rit (si lve r medal),

Colonel Sleeman (Chief Commi sione r, Brig-ade 0 e rseas) whilst on his world tour \·isited many towns nd carried out inspections at which nearly 1000 member. of t he Corps attended.

Strides have been made during the year 111 hol di ng instruction courses for Village Headmen; 17 s uch cou rs es have been held at 13 centres.

The annual report c ites many inst a nces wher e t he prom pt attention hy members has been the mean of sa\ nglife. Such instances in c lude artificial r e pi ration, se H. re wounding, snake bile and e lect rocution.

The Corps is very proud of the fact that ir Her be rt Dowbiggin, C. 1. G., who since 1912 fostered the gr.o:,·th of the Police Corps and who re t ired from the POSItion of I nspector-General of Police, Ceylon, last year has bee n promoted to Knight of Justice of the Order of St. J oh n. Other honours to members are Offic e r (Brother) to Dr. D. D. S. Outschoorn; Serving Brothers to Capt. \V. T. Brindley and Mr. Charles Weerasuriya

The report includes thanks to the medical offi ce rs throughout tIlE' Island and to Dr. F. O'B. Ellison, Ass t. Commissioner, S,J.A. B., and to Dr. S. F, Gunase k e ra, Director, Medical and Sanitary Services.

All praise is due to the members of this Corps for th e Ir support to the ambulance movement, and we do congratulate the Corps on its effic ient and splendid year of prog ress

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WHAT OTHERS THINK:

, A useful booklet because of il synoplic arranRement <l.nd the simplicity anu clarity of the cia. s ification of it contents."- POLI CE CIIRONI LE.

" .\n extremely concise and well thought out book."SCOTTISH NURSE. an excellent and accurate little book. "-L.l\I. S. l\lAGAZINE. will prove a boon to A, R.P. instructors. " - IRISH AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

" Those who wish to prepare for any of t he required exa minations, will find this book a veritable mine of info rmation." - NURSING IRROR.

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Queries and Ans'vVers to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

t. - Letters containing Queries must be marktcd on the top left-hand corner of the envelope' Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, 4-6, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from tbe current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.].A.A. Manual of First Aid

POISONING BY SODIUM.

D. B. (Didcot).-Please be good enoug-h to state the correct treatment for the condition as stated in the following test :-

elbow. We shall, therefore, be glad if you will kindly tell us how this combination of injuries should be treated .

With this combination of injuries shock will probablybe marked. if I were there as the first aider I would keep patient lying flat on his back wrapped in blankets and without pillow for his head, while for treatment of fractured clavicle I should content myself with a large pad (size of patient's clenched fist) placed well up in armpit and not outside his coat. Then I should swathe th e dislocated elbow in a thick layer of cottonwool i and, thi s done, I should fix the upper limb to the trunk by means of a broad bandage appl ied as firmly as is consistent with th e of the patient. Finally, if medical aid i not quickl ) avaIlable, I should arrange to remove patient in a recumb ent position and on stretcher.-N.C.F.

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During a science lesson at an elementary school a boy accidentally swallows a piece of sodium. Render first aid."

Sodium is a metal because it interacts very rapidly with water and hydrogen gal) is produced, the latter being inflammable and, in the presence of a flame, explosive. If a piece of sodium v;ere swallowed, it would interact first v.'ith the saliva in the mouth and then with the juices in the stomach and in each case hydrogen gas would be produced.

In these circumstances first aid treatment should aim at (1) protection of patient against possibility of explosion (2) elimination of water, as far as possible, so that the sodium cannot interact with it and (3) steps taken to allow the hydrogen, that has formed, to escape lest the stomach becomes distended to bursting point.

Your treatment, therefore, should be conducted on these lines :-

(1) Seat hoy (or place him recumbent) well clear of any naked flame

(2) Despatch an urgent message for medical aid

(3) Administer by mouth large quantities of glycerine, which has the power of absorbing water and

(4) Treat shock by keeping boy warm and so on.

If medical aid is not forthcoming, the patient should be encouraged to vomit the glycerine by irritation of his throat; and in no circumstances should an emetic containing- water be administered.-N. CORB!!:T FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

M. R. (Cannon St. ).-In a recent examination I asked a candidate for the certificate of the Association, why the Textbook taught him to place" a pencil wrapped in a handkerchief between the teeth" of a girl who was in a state of convulsions. I was much amused when in all earnestness he replied-" To stop her chatterz"ng! "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

FRACTURED CLAVICLE AND DISLOCATED ELBOW.

A.G. (Manchester).-Much discussion has arisen as to the correct treatment of a boy who falls, fractures his right collarbone and at the same time dislocates his right

G.C. (St. Pancras).-I have been a constant reader of FI RST AID for years and have always taken g-reat interest in your Answers to Queries. In these circumstances I shall be grateful for your ruling-s on the various diffic ul. ties connected with the following prob]pl11 :In the treatment of a man who is con cious and suffering from tran ver e wound of abdominal wall with protrusion of inte tine, complicated by simple fractur e of rig-ht thigh, would I be correct in acting thu surpo sin'" that I had plenty of assistance? Fir t, I \\'ould send once for doctor and caution patient not to move. t I would gently roll patient on to back with all due care of fracture; and then, pulling e\·enl)' on his feet, \\ ould tie his ankles and feet together \\'ith narro\\' banda ge. This done, I would rai se patient' head and shouldlrs and expose wound fully. Thi s I \,,-,ould then dre s ,\ 1 lint or soft towel wrung- out of hot terilised water 10 which salt has been added and cover with colton 'Y( 01, avoiding undue pressure on abdomen but bandag ing firmly to keep dre ssing in position. Text, I w ould apply two splints to right thig-h, that on outer side from top of thigh to foot and that on inner side from fork almost to ankle. I would not use the long plint fr om armpit to foot but I would use the bandage rour d pelvis to keep the dressing in position. I would fix tl e splints with narrow bandages above and below fractu r , round leg and round ankles and feet and with a broad bandage round both knees. I would, of cour e, tr edt shock by keeping patient well ,,'rapped up in blank ets, making proper use of hot water b0ttles.

With reference to the treatment of this fractur e I wonder it it would be advisable, after it has been m ade secure, to raise the lowe.- limbs and support them o n a pillow or if it would be better to keep the limb extend ed and flat on ground.

You have set yourself a pretty problem! I woul d, therefore, congratulate you first on your boldness in so doi ng and secondly on the skill with which you have solved it. Though I disagree on one or two minor points, I am sa tisfied that your patient would have no aggravation of his injuries either as the result of your treatment or dur ing transport to hospital.

\Vith such combination of injuries you are faced with conditions which require opposing treatment and which will give free play to your" discrimination" (Textbook. p. 18).

From the first aid view point the wound of the adomi nal wall is the more serious injury and demands priority in your handling of the case. You should, therefore, carry out the treatment of this condition as laid down in the Textboo k as far as is possible, remembering that the main object of special (semi-recum bent) position of patient is to aVOId pressure on the protruding intestine lest what is known as "' strangu lation of bowel" results.

\\'hile I do not quarrel with your two splints for the

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fractured lhigh, I think that if r had to render firsl aid with such a I \\'l)uld eket to tie limb to limb with four bandag-es at thig-h, knees, legs. ankles and teet and to omit 'iplints altog-ethcr. Furlher, I a.m of the tha.t no harm would result if the lower 11Inbs (after be1l1g spl1l1ted and/or tied together) were raised all a couple of pillows or on something- of similar height; and r would prefer tn keep patient's head and shoulders low, in of the mar.ked degree of shock which would he present With such comb in ation of injuries.

Tncidl"ntally I do not see what use your pelvic bandage \\'ould be in dressing; and 1 not change the dressing every half-hour. To me the bandage would be a hindrance in getting at the dressing; and it would be suffi· cient to remove cotton\Vool and to pour on some more of your sterilised warm wntcr (and salt) solution on to 1he dressing.-N.C F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED

G.e. (St. Pancras). - For the treatment of a patient from fracture of the Sternum, the Textbook simply tells us to keep him II quiet in an easy position until the ;uri"al of a doctor." r am anxious to know (1) if I am right or \\'rong in Ill)' suspicion that this fracture is Illore serious than we it to he>. Also (2) I slla ll be grateful for information as to ""het her or no further injury is likely to be caused to heart, lung-s or stomach to all of which the sternum is in clos0 proximity, should the patient be made to sit up before the ambulance man arrives.

(1) Fracture of the Sternum is almost ;:tlways trans\'erse and due to direct violence, though it Ill;:ty result frGl11 indirect violence consequent on the forcible bending of the body forward or bacl{\,,'ards and especially when it is associated with fracture of spine. It mar also be caused by <;evere muscular action (or "iolence) as in lifting a hea"y hody

In other the degree of direct violence usually determines the nature and extent of injury to the sternum. Tbus, the bone itself offers little resistance to a blow of the fist; and, though often struck violently as in a boxing match, it usually yields and quickly recovers its normal position without fracture. On the other hand, the direct violence maybe extreme as when a Olan is caug-ht between the buffers; and the unfortunate victim may suffer from fractures of sternum, ribs and spine together with serious injury to the organs within the thorax.

From all this it follows that fracture of sternum without other injuries is extremely rare'. Hence the hesitancy of the Textbook in issuing precise instructions about treatment and transport with this fracture, and also its insistence that, \Vhenever possible, the patient should not be moved until a doctor has seen and examined the patient.

(2) I question seriollsly if further injury is likely to be caused to heart, lungs or stomach in the event of a patient who is suffering- from fracture of sternum being made to sit up by some meddlesome person before the arrival of the ambulance man. At the same time such action would almost certainly aggravate the patient's condition if these associated injuries were already present. -N. C. F.

HUMOUR 1N FIRST AID.

R. (Cannon SL).-During a recent examination I picked up my pencil i and, telling a candidate that it was a razor, I slashed it across the open palm of my assistant's hand. Having done this, I asked the candidate what was the first thing she would do for a patient who had heen thus assaulted. To my great nmuseme nt, she replied :_" GetYOll arresfed.l"

Good Next please!! - N. e. F.

AID

TREATMENT OF POISONING.

J O. (Leytonstone).-I should esteem your kind solution of the following problem. In the Special Tr0all1lents of Poisoning as set out in the Textbook where the instructions are the administration of the ant idote followeJ by General Rules, does this mean (1) that the emetic (if intended to be administered) is to be given prior, or subsequent to the antidote? Furthermore (2) with Alcohol and Opium note that these instructions are rever sed. Also (3) in the treatment of poisoning by Prussic Acid shou ld an emetic he givpn as this would delay the other treatment?

\Ve thank you in advance for your kind replies and for the help which we derive from your answers each month.

(1) While I believe that your sug-gestLOn is CJrrect and (hat the Textbook intends you to adminster the antidote first in the special treatment of certain poisons, I confess t hat I fail to see any in this modification of instru ctions <l nd that then'by, in m)' opinion, the problem of treatnll'llt is rendered more confusing- for the average first aider for whose benefit the Textbook is written.

At le ast I know that, if I were the patient who had accidently swallowed any of these raisons, T should like tn feel that the first aider, who came to Ill)' help, hau ended hi" treatment by leaving some of the antidote in lily stomach afte r he had emptied that organ by causing me to vomit, perchance some of the poison remained therein to do its " dirty" work.

(2) Here again apparently you read the instructions of the Textbook correctly, though the reason for this change in sequence is not obvious to me! If it be necessary 'to neutralise Carbolic Acid, Corrosive Sublimate anu Iodine at the onset of tr0atment, I fail to see why the rlntidote for Opium should be withheld until after the stomach has been em ptil'd.

(3) Prussic .\cid and Cyanide of Potassium may act with lightning rapidity if the solution is potent that I would urge the need to administer the emetic with equal speed provided that the patient is conscious and able to swallow. Solutions of the se roisons deteriorate rapidly; and it may happen that the draught swallowed has lost a good deal of ies potency. Hence the need for prompt action on the part of the tirst aider who in these circumstances despite the instructions of the Textbook-is justified in postponing the performance of artificial rec;;piration unt il hi s conscious patient has heen made to vomit. - N. C. F.

A.R.P. QUERY.

TREATMENT OF LUNG IRRITANTS.

E.T. (Beccles).-l am anxious to know the con-eel trea(ment for Chlorine or Phosgene casualties as it is not c lear whether stimulants have to be given or flO.

in a broad way no stimulants are given in the early stages of Chlorine or Phosgene poisoning as the heart is already beating quite fast enough i though we remember that oxygen is a pO'vverful stimu lant given for a special reason, namely oxygen starvation.

In the later Pneumonic stages stimulants may become essent ial in the fight against collapse. This follows ordinary routine treatment of Congested e. WIIlTE KNOX.

[Note.-Captain A. e. White Knox, M.e., M.B., Ch.B., has kindly undertaken to answer readers' queries on A. R. P Such queries will be dealt with in the same manner as those on first aid.-EDITORJ.

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CONTENTS OF TmS NUMBER.

ED ITORIAL :-

:\lixeJ Clas e..,

Ex tracts from the of In st ru ction tor the Ro\ HI Naval lck Berth tan'

l'e n-Fr(end hip

, l· \. B. Headq uarters and District Repolts

Pr iory for Wale

;::, l .A. B. Overseas

P!1o sgene Poisoning

Pol ice Ambu lance New Rt ilway Ambulance News

.\ ew Competition for Lodon

e l h lnt er-Raih"'ay Competition

R. P. "Train "-ing Unit

[ fec tion of Fingers and H an ds

o ming Events

Ou r Nurses' Pages

.\. R P. Per onne l

Prac tical Points

QU ERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :_

Treatment of Team Test

Exam ination Howler

Treatment of Muscular Strains

IIc-cJ11orhage from Int e rnal Org-an

.-\ctio n of Tincture of Iodine

Treatme nt of Burst Varicose V e in lIumo ur in First Aid

The U n consc i ous StatE' Brigade Finals and the Textbook Aids to Lectur es

c w Textbook of the Sl. John Ambulan ce Assoc ialio n

EDITORIAL.

FOR many years we have urged that the St. John Am bulance Association should allow classes to be held at which both male and female students could attend, and thus save not only the Doctor-lecturer's time but also the cost of running two classes for, in many cases, about a score of persons. This, too, would bring the Association into line with other ambulance organisations who have allowed such classes for many ye ars.

Weare therefore pleased to state that such classes are now allowed by the authorities, and thus the St. John movemen t will no more be handicapped by the old Victorian rule. It is, however, pointed out that the practical instruction to the class, and the examinations, are to be kept separate. VI e are in agreement with this, and we feel sure that the outcome of this concession will be the means of increasing the mem bershi p of the classes and, eventually, the ranks of the St. John Am bulance Brigade. N ow that the important work of A.R. P. has been undertaken, hundreds of Auxiliaries are required to increase the number of workers available, and as lectures in this subject are given to mixed classes it is more than probable that if a class on first aid is run immediately after an A.R.P. course, the students attending the 0.1e class would be i nterested enough to gain a knowledge of the second subject. Vole shall look forward with interest to note whether the relaxation of the old regulation has the effect of gaining more members to the movement.

We would point out that this concession does not apply to Home Nursing, and separate classes are still necessary for men and women who wish to acquire a knowled ge in this subject.

Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Roy al Naval Sick Berth Staff . *

(Continu.ed Ii-om page J J9. )

Sllrgz'cal Treatment.

(1) Arrest hcemorrhage, if necessary by ligature.

(2) Clean the wound and its surroundings.

(3) Bring cut surfaces together by bandaging, strapping, or sutures.

(4) Drain if necessary by india rubber tubing or strips of gauze.

(5) Dress the wound.

(6) Attend to the general condition and comfort of patient.

In order to carry this out :-

(a) Prepare, and have at hand, everything you may require. A razor, nail brush, ether soap, sterile water (hot and cold), antiseptic lot on towels, swabs, guaze, lint, wool, bandages, and except in the case of very small su perficial wounds, sterilised rubber gloves.

(b) Remove any bandages, but not the actual dressing if one is already on; if there is no dressing, protect the wound with a swab or strip of gauze. Place a mackintosh sheet and sterile towels under and around the part.

(c) Thoroughly scrub your hands, using hot water, soap and a nail bru!:>h. See that the finger nails are short and clean and that rings are removed. Then scrub the hands in some antiseptic lotion (Biniodide of Mercury).

(d) The skin surrounding the wound must next be scrubbed with soap and water. Turpentine is very useful for removing grease and dirt such as may be found in the case of men err.ployed with machinery.

(e) Shave the skin for some distance around the wound.

(f) Wash off the soap and loose hairs with sterile water or an antiseptic lotion. Always wipe away from the wound, to avoid carrying germs into it. Agaz'n wash your hands and puton rubber gloves. From now on until the dressing is complete your hands must not touch anything which has not been sterilised.

(g) Uncover the wound and remove from it any dirt or other foreign body which may be

present. Thoroughly cleanse it and the surrounding skin with some antiseptic lotion

The wound is now ready to be sutured or have such surgical measures as-are required carried oct.

(h) If several kz'nds oj wounds have to be dressed, ahvays begl'n 7.vith those that are clean. Any other method will only result in infection of clean from dirty wounds. The hands mu t be thoroughly cleansed between each dressi ng.

\Vou D OF VARIOU PARL.

The Scalp. These wounds generally look lik e incised wounds, but may have been caused by Cl b low with a b l unt intrument, or by a fall.

Hcemorrhage is free, but is easily controll e' by pressure. The hair must be shaved for so n e distance around the wound, and sutures may t e required. These wounds frequently heal by fir:, t intention if carefully treated. Ll Jledl'cal O[jicer should always be asked to see a scalp wOllnd, even if z't only appears slzgld, as the skuLL may have bee l!

The Face. These wounds bleed freely an d generally require stitch ing, they heal read il y if their edges are carefu Ily brought together.

The Eye Wounds mayor may not penetrate the walls of the eye ball. In penetrating wound s the aqueous or vitreous humour may escape and the condition is always very serious.

Apply a light aseptic gauze pad and send for a Medical Of-£icer.

The Tong 'ue These wounds may bleed frE'ely, but the hcemorrhage can be controlled by grasping the bleeding point between the finge!' and thumb. If this is unsuccessful, stitching will be necessary. No dressings are applied, but the patient is ordered an antisptic mouth wash. See that he uses it freely and does not ta l k. Soft food will be req u ired .

The Throat Cut throat is generally the result of attempted su icide and is a very serious condition if the large blood vesse ls of the neck are injured. The patient may d ie from hcemorrhage, or from as p hyxia caused by blood escaping into the trachea.

Ar rest the hcemorrhage by applying digital pressure d irectly o n t h e b lee d i n g po i nt, tak i ng care

to press aga i nst the cervical vertebrcc, and not against the trachea . If this fails, or is i mpossib le, com press the com mon carotid artery 1 inches above t he sternoclav icu lar joint. If the hce m o rrhage is only venous, it may be contro ll ed by packing the wound with aseptic gauze and app l ying a bandage . If the trachea is opened, do not app ly any dressing over it. Raise the patient's head on pillows so that i t is kept forward, as this helps to bring the edges of the wound togethe r. Never leave the patient for a moment, he may tear off the dressings and start the hcemorrhage again .

The urgical Treatment consists in ligaturing bleeding vessels, and sewing up the wound layer by layer, in some cases a general ancesthetic is required. The wound is liable to become septic and broncho-pneu mon ia may follow.

The Clzest \Vounds of the chest may be :-

(1) Penetrating Non-Penetrating.

Penetrating 'Wounds of the chest are generall y due to stabs or bullets, and the heart or lungs may be injured. \Vounds of the lungs cause hcemoptys is, dyspncea, and shock

Dress the wound and bandage the chest firmly. Lay the patient on the wounded side and forbid talking. Make the patient comfortable and send to r a ical Officer.

Non-penetrating wounds are treated on lines a lready described for treatment of wounds.

The Abdome7l. - \Vounds of the abdomen may be:-

(1) Penetrating.

(2) on-Penet rati ng.

Pelletratl'llg 7.fJoltllds of the abdomen cause shoc k and usually internal hcemorrhage. Any of th e abdominal organs may be injured and if the w ound is large. part of the intestines may protrude.

A blow or crush may cause rupture of the liv er, spleen, or kidney, resulting in severe inte rnal hcemorrhage.

Dress the wound and treat for shock and internal hcemorrhage If the intestines protrude do not attempt to replace them. I(eep them warm by relays of sterilised towels wrung out of ho t s terile water. An operation under a genera l ancesthetic will probably be performed to investig ate the extent of the injury, and to repair the damage done.

Non-penetratz'ng wounds are treated o n li n es already described for the treatment of wounds Joznts Wounds opening into a joint are s erious owing to the great risk of sepsis and the danger to life, loss of the lim b or a stiff JOInt An antiseptic dressing s hould be applted at once and the joint firmly bandaged and splinted.

Tendons. When tendons are cut, dress the wound and place the limb in such a position that there is as little strain as possible on the tendons. Th us. if the tendons on the fron t of the wrist are cut, flex the wrist; if those on the back, extend the wrist. Get a Medical Officer to see the case as soon as possible The cut tendons will require suturing .

Contusz'ons are treated by rest and a firm bandage, or by the application of cold.

Abraszons . -Painting with Tincture of Iodine and an aseptic dressing are generally sufficient.

Inczsed Wounds are treated as already described under general remarks on wound treatment.

Lacerated Wounds must be carefully cleansed, all foreign matter removed and badly damaged tissue cut away.

Drainage of the wound and treatment for shock may be required.

In severe cases, amputation may be necessary. Contused Wounds.- Treatment is similar to that for lacerated wounds.

Punctured Wounds.-Never probe this type of wound. Treat as described under general treatment. Enlargement of the wound may be necessary to reach a bleeding vessel. If some internal organ is injured, a serious operation may have to be performed.

Gunshot Wounds.-These should be dressed according to the type of wound present. Attend to complications such as fractures and shock.

Septz'c Wounds are treated by :-

(1) Rest and elevation of the part.

(2) Frequent antiseptic dressings or irrigation with antiseptic lotions.

(3) Provision of free drainage.

(4) If constitutional symptoms (Toxcemia) develop, put the patient to bed and give a brisk purge. I nform the Officer at once.

Post lJ!lortem Wounds should never be treated lightly, but thoroughly cleansed at once with a strong antiseptic (Perchloride of l\Iercu ry, 1-,1000). They should then be carefully watched and dressed daily with antiseptics, until healed (To be continued.)

Pel1- Frien dshi ps.

SEVERAL Nursing Cadets at Malvern would like to form pen - friendships with members of Englishspeaking Nursing Cadets of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

Cadets Overseas should address their initial letter to Miss D M. Fellows, Glendene, Victori?road, Malvern, Worcestershire, Enaland.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Headquarters and District Reports.

Brig a d e Headquarters

Th e 13th All England A.R.P. Course was held on December 11th and 12th when Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief. deputising for the Chief Commissioner, welcomed the members and paid tribute to the voluntary services of Dr. W. e. Bentall, O.B.E. (A.R.P. Staff Officer) and his band of willing lecturers at these courses.

Dr. Bentall was on this occasion assisted by Dr Richard Gray, e. E. Bower, O.B.E., W. }. Noble, W. J. B. Trotter, Lieut.-Col. R. J Collins, M.e.; W. E. Jackson, F.eS ., L. R. Allum, E. Milburn and F. Wrigglesworth.

On th e Saturday evening Mr. Joe Grossman again pr esented a magnificent variety show. the artistes including Jeanne de Casalis (" Mrs. Feather "), Eunice Gardette, Kaye Connor, Carl and Frederick and many other film, stage and B.B.e. artistes.

Dr. Annette G. T. Anderson , of the Middlesbrough (Central) Diyision S.lA.B. , writes on the course as follows :-

Air Raid Precautions (thirteenth) Course, Decemher 11th-12th, 1937.-What a brief heading for all that i t denotes! In dealing with the subj ect, I find some difficulty in sufficiently conveying my great appreciation of the course of lectures and demonstrations.

In our local Divisions we are apt to pride ourselves on the trouble we take in various ways, but ,,:hat a lesson we have received! No trouble seemed too much for those in charge to ensure perfect organisation and effici ent instruction, and to see that no detail was forgotten. I felt that we had been shown an example, in this matter alone, which every member of the Brigade would do well to follow.

As a Divisional Surgeon of a Nursing Division, I already had some knowledge of the various lectures, but th ey were presented in such a refreshing manner, t hat I was acutely conscious that here was a rare opportunity of not only increasing the knowledge I already had, but of acquiring a most valuable experience of the art of lecturing. And it is an art. I was greatly impressed by the forceful personality of the lecturers, by the way they "got it across/' by their clarity and total absence of all the technical terms so confusing to the lay member's of one's audience. Ea ch subject w a s condensed into handy memory courses, and the demonstrations showed, not only the right way of t hin gs . but- most valuable hint to the potential lecturer -the way also. Moreover, another aid to the popu1anty of any lecturer, was the punctuality with which lectu.re n?t only began, but of equal importa nce , WIth whIch It ended. An expedition to the 1'1iddl ese x Hospital to undergo a very instructive introducti?n to Tear was excellently arranged, and the weanng and test1l1g of our respirators most carefully supervlsed. The lecture and demonstration on protective was ,:,ery detailed, and the necessary attentIon drawn to Its advantages and limitations. In the case of Blister gases, very remarkable and life-like models of the lesions produced by these chemicals were

shown, and the use of sllch models would prove of great he lp to any lay audience. Each gas was dealt with in an enli::rhtening- way , the characteristics , symptoms and treatment being quickly but lucidly tabulated.

The vital que tion of Decontamination als o embraced every eventuality, and the lecturer dealt with this important point most thoroughly. The subject of Protective Rooms and Air Locks, was ginn in a mo t original manner. including demonstrations by practica l models, and it was enlivened by a humorous side to th e question, well calculated to impress every mind.

In conclusion, one must not forget how th e physical needs were catere<l for equally with the men ta l ones; and finally the excellent concert. presented on the aturday night by Joe Gros man a nd his Vari ety Artistes, was a happy and most kindly thought for o ne s relaxation and enjoyment.

I need only add that on all sides I heard inc er e admiration and appreciation of all tha t \\ a done for us, and I would include my own thank f o r a m n. t instructive and enjoyable week-end.

No I (prince of Wales 's) Di strict CROYDoN.-The annual inspec t io n of th e Cr oyd oll and Streatham Division and the \\farling-ham Sec tlOll was carried out by Asst. Commic:;sioner Capt , A C. White Knox. M.e, last month.

The parade was under the charge o f . upt. Gol die . personnel on parade being 113 includin g 21 boy cad et The Assistant Commissioner congratulated Su p Go ldie on the work of his members, and the parade (I: the exceptionally smart appearanc e.

EALING.- The annual social and concert of th e Ealing Division was held on December 11th. Supt. P . Bettison referred to the work undertaken by th e Brigade in connection with air raid precautions. He also gave some statistics of the work carried out by t he Division during the past year. Members had attend ed weeki?, at six c!nemas and at four sports gr oun ds covermg 78 dutIes per week. In factories whe re members worked over 5,000 cases had been attended Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren also spoke of th e importance of A.R.P. and urged that civilians shoul d hecome proficient in the work.

He was pleased to report that the Western Area had now over 2,000 members.

NEW CRoss.-On December 19th Capt. A. C. White Knox, M .e, on behalf of the members of th t No. 16 (New Cross) Division, presented a gift to D r Stanley D avies in recognition of his valuable servic es to the D ivision.

The A sst. Commissioner said it was a plea5ure to make such a presentation to one who was held in such

FIRST

high esteem by all who came into contact with him. Tn !'upJ1ort. Supt. W. H. Webb recalled that it was .-to year" ago that Dr. Davies first" adopted" the cllVI 1011 and IS stdl conSlciered the father of the" 16th."

Dr. Davies in reply, expressed the thanks of h is wife and himself and said that he enjoyed every minute t hat he spent wIth the members or as some people said His boys."

qther \ isitors. included Mrs. S. Davies) Lady D!stnct MIss yv. Gnnclley (representing Mr. RIchards, Southern RaIlway Ambulance Centre) Div. S urgeon Dr. 5. Ckin, of New Cross Gate, and' Amb. Officer E. .Symonds (representing Supt. Carpenter o f 100/1 Lewlsham Division).

SIDcuP.-Local COt.lOcillors and Council officials gave support to a meetlllg last month to draw attent IO n to the w o rk of the A sociation and Brigade.

1'.1 r. T G. Galbraith, vice-chairman of the Council lre c;ided , supported by Dr. P. M. Cave, M.O.H., Capt: 1\. C. White Knox) M.e, and Mr. T. Veevers-Thompson de pu t y Librarian of the Order.

Capt. White Knox put forth the objects and aims of Brif-;ade, whilst Mr: Veeyers-Th o mpson gave a very Illte restmg lectu.re, whIch was accompanied by lantern lJ d es, on the hIstory of The Order of th e Hospital of • t J ohn.

NEWL\GToN. -A large and distinguished rra thenng took place recentlx, the occasion being an and demonstratIOn followed by th e reading of t h e hIstory of the No. 80 (Stoke ewington) Division (fro m 1918 to 1937) \\ hich set out the 1110st excellent work of L. \\ ho retired from the position of D n 1 IOn a i . upennkndent in July. 1938. t he history re a ding the 1layor of Stoke eW lIlgton (Councillor J. Butler) presented to Herb e rt a s e t o f \\Toods and Case on behalf of past an d present memhers of the division as a token of their reg a rd and a chromium plated standard ash-tray fl m c.mbers 0 1 the No. 1 Stoke Newington Nursing ISlon, and ?- badge of office as Hon. Di\'isional Presi1.1 nt- an appomtment \"hich had just been made. The llayo r also presented to l1rs. Herbert on behalf of the me mbe rs of th.e • TO. 80 Division, a clock as aff mark of theIr appreciation of her past kindnesses and ( orts on behalf of the Division.

The Mayor, the Deputy Mayor (Councillor A. E. Ro be rtson, who was at one time a member of the Division) an d D) r. G. W. Kendall (late Asst. Commissioner Eastern I rea, all sr oke ?f the good work carrieci out by Mr. 1,te r bert dunn&, hIS 22i years' and congratulated L. n: on producmg so smart and efficlent a division of the nngade.

In to the Mayoress and Deputy Mayoress prese.nt .mcIuded Lady District Supt. Miss A. M: I Officers. Burton, McBride, Roust, and CI Y Istnct Officer MISS Masson. Div. Sura-eon A fJ l.eyhne'/lthe effoTt of Mr. Herbert, was 0'; 0 1 t erst tIme m unIform

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address a course of weekly lectures on A.R.P. will also be held. Full particulars of both classes can be obtained from Div. Supt. W. V. M. Allen, 58/5 W.D.O. Division Western District Post Office, W.1. '

First Aid classes for men and women will be held at Goodall Road School, Ley ton, E.1O, commencing Wednesday, February 9th. The lecturer will be Dr. D. S. ToddWhite. Full particulars from P. G. Jeffries, 71, Selby Road, Leytonstone, E.11.

No , IT District

FARNBOROUGII.-Over 200 people were present at the <lnnual presentation of awards to members of the Farnborough Division.

The proceedings opened with an ambulance display foll.owed b?, the competition for the Private's Team Shield. ThIS was Judged by Div. Surgeon G. Secker Walker and Supt. J. W. Clifford.

Mrs, E. F Bindloss, wife of the Div. President, the awards and also the trophies. The Privates' ShIeld was won the team composed of Hon. Sergt. F. Lough, Ptes E. V1l1ce, e VIncent and A. Smith. Transport CorpI. A. Gaines received the "Clifford" Efficiency Cup.

A brief on the work of the Brigade was given by Asst.. CommlsslOner Col. Dunn. The President, Dr. E. F. B1l1dloss, lP. , ee , also addressed the meeting.

PORTS:\fQUTH.-Owing to ill-health Corps Supt. H. E. Ran? has tendered his resignation, after nearly 30 years' serVlce.

Rand. joined Brigade in 1908, was promoted Dlv. Supenntendent In 1916 and Corps Superintendent m 1933.

His were recognised by the Order of St. John who admItted hIm as a Serving Brother.

Among important duties he attended was the funeral of Kmg. '-:II, coronation of King George V, and, m conJ unctIOn WIth the police made all arrange:nents for the Silver Jubilee drive Naval ReVIew of Kmg George V in 1935, and the drive through Portsmout.h and Naval Review held last year by our present K1l1g.

He was a Honorary Life Member of the Portsmouth Centre S.J.A.A. to which he acted as hon. secretary from 1926 to 1936.

No. ill Dis tri ct.

DUDLEY.-A very interesting competition was held at at annual tests for the "Whorton and Cup open to teams of the Dudley and Dlstnct Corps.

mc n A of lectures on First Aid to the Injured for Bat h an \\ omen c?mmenced on January 12th at the ew i' Ds, Seymour Seymour Place, W.1. The lecturer \\T d r. Rd' Cove-SmIth and lectures will be held every e nes ay at 8 p .m.

On the same evenings, at 6. 30 p.m., and at the same

Corps Surgeon F. G: Lewis judged the team work and Dr. D . . E. S. Cl1nmngham the viva voce. Corps Supt. A. yvInbo:v was in charge of the arrangements; other offiCIals bel11g C.orps .Officer J as. Harris and A.R.P. Corrs Officer e. Ollts .(tlmekeepers), Corps Officer E. Lakl11 and Supt. v.,r Oll1s (scrutineers)

Others present Div. Supt. I. W. Evinson (Tlpton), Lady Supts. MISS E. Ollis (Dudley) and Miss S. Wakefield (Kinver).

The re sult was: 1st, Tipton Park Division, 176 points (Sergt. G . S. Morgan , Ptes. G. Dl1gmore, H. Randall, T.

FIRST

Doggett and E. l\Jasters); 2nd, Dudley \)lvisio11, 147: 3rd, Stourbridge, 131; 4th, Kinver, 129

Dr. Lewis in hi report stated that all teams gave a high tandard of \\ ork. He congratulated the \>"inning team and handed the cup to the captain and a miniature to each member of the team.

Tea was sen'ed under the upen'ision of the Tipton Division and IVIrs. Evinson to whom thanks were expressed by Corps Officer J. A. Harri

SOUTH WORCESTERSHIRE CORP'-.

General progress is still evident in the Corps, one new ambulance and a Cadet Tursing Division (thc first in the County) having been registered.

Additional duties have been undertaken at thc Royal Infirmary, the Municipal Hospital, 'VYorcester and Evesham General Hospital. Reports from 1\1atrons e xpress appreciation of the help given.

All Nursing Divisions and most Ambulance Divisions have attended A.R.P. Lectures and a high percentage ha"e received Personnel Certificates. Th e Corps has now -+ e.A,G.S., 40 Grade 1 and 20 Grade 2 Instructors. Classes for the general public, British Legion , etc., have been held and Corps A.R.P. Officer E. S. Bond is arranging further classes.

Orderlies and Nurses have been in attendance with Borough Council ambulances and increased road accidents and removals are reported.

The Kempsey Division rendered assistance at 28 road accidents in their o,vn village during the summer and autumn months. Unfortunately one of the more seriously injured patients was the daughter, age 9, of the Divisional Secretary. She sustained a fractured femur, concussion and abrasions As a result of so many accidents three first aid kits are now maintained in the village.

An accident worthy of note is reported from Malvern Wells Ambulance Division. A car) with five occupants, a fter colliding with a cyclist rolled down a steep embankment, being completely wrecked. Amb. Officer W. A. Hill and Sergt. E. J. Marsh, who lived nearby, attended and found the cyclist had sustained a complicated fracture of ribs both sides, the driver of the car with his head jammed through the windscreen and was badly cut; the other four occupants struggling inside the car and in great panic, Dr. Fuller quickly responded to a call for his attendance and congratulated the members on their work. All patients were removed to hospital, two miles away, within 25 minutes.

Social functions have been held by the various divisions to raise funds.

Malvern Wells Divisions held their Annual Whis t Drive and Dance at the Church Institute on December 27th. Mr. E. Marsh acted as M.e. and the prizes were presented by Mrs. Jamison Meickle, who was accompanied by Div. Surgeon G. Jamison Meickle.

The Worcester Divisions held their Dance on January 6th at the Co-operative Hall about 250 patrons attended. Among those supporting the function were Councillor A. E. and Mrs. Looker, Supt. F. Lane, A./O.E. Gwillam. Midland Red Worcester Division.

The newly-formed Cadet Nursing Division at Malvern are already in a state of favourable progress, under Div. Supt. D M. Fellows. At the Malvern S.J.A.A. CompetltIOns they were successful in winning the "Mrs. Newton" Cup, nine teams competing.

No. V District

Do TCASTER.-The Doncaster Corps held their competition for the II Hepworth" Cup, presented by M r. R. H.

AID

Hepworth (Pre ident), last month; Corps Officer Robinson officiating as judge.

Five took part and that of Sergt. Pnce, Ptes. Avlll, Reedman , Pogmore and TImmons being adjudged the winners.

NOTTINGHAM.-The Central Division of the Nottingham Corps celebrated its twenty-fir t comi ng-of-ag e birthday on Saturday, January 1st, with a supper-dance.

County Surgeon T. la Touche Darley pre ided, supported by District Officer A. G. Weller, Corp Surgeon Supt. H. G. Parker, Corps Secretary C. Le'vvendon, M.e , Supt. F. Carrier (Central Div.), Supt. Major J. Cohen, R.A.M.e. (Wollaton), Lady District Officer Miss W. Gibson, Lady Supt. Miss G. Clow and others. A toast to the Ambulance Central Division wa proposed by Dr. Parker, who complimentcd the members upon the excellent progress made during the 21 years of the Division's existence.

Miss Gibson proposecl a toa to the nursing ide of the Division.

PONTEFRACT.-The " Sides JJ Cup and It Corfield JJ Cu p open to Ambulance and Nursino- member respectiYely of the Pontefract Corps wa held last month.

The" Corfield JI Cup \\as won by A.I . Wrigh t, sister of the Mayor of Pontefract PIr. G. Wright), th t second place being awarded to A.I E. Pringle. Th e Mayoress (Mrs. Wright) presented the prizes in th e absence of the Mayor who had a ankle.

Pte. J. R. Grundy ( oUlh Kirkby) won the" Sides " Cup, Lance-CorpI. J. E. (South Kirkby) bein g the runner-up. Mrs. Sides, 'v\'ido\\.' of T. J. SId s (seven times Mayor of Pontefract and donor of the cur) presented the trophy and prizes in this competition.

Corps Supt. T. e. Amery announced that the inter est shown by Mr. Sides in the work of the Brigade for ov er 40 years had earned for him the a ward-conferr ed posthumously-of Officer of the Ordcr of St. John, th e highest honour the Brigade could pay a layman.

Medals for 15 years' efficiency were presented to: Corps Sergt.-Major J. Nicholls (l\Ionckton) and Sta ff Sergt. A. E. Leeman (Pontefract). Bar for 20 year s , Supt. W. Swallow (Pontcfract).

No. VI District

Ambulance teams in Sunderland area took part in th t preliminary round for the It Gibbon JI Bowl and th e: ,( Palmer" Bowl. The event was staged in the Jeffre } Hall, and the judges were Dr. e. R. Cor-field, for the team test, and Dr. D. e. Robb) for the individual, practical and oral tests. The placing \\'ere-" Gibbon " Bowl: 1, Chilton Colliery, 333 ; 2, Bearpark Colliery, 319 ' 3, Dean and Chapter Colliery "B," 254. " Palmer " Bowl: 1, Dean and Chapter Colliery" A," 327; 2, Bearpark Colliery, 310; 3, Horden Colliery, 302. The team placec1 first in each eve nt will take part in lhe Count) Final.

EAST CLEVELAND.-On December 21st the Eas t Cleveland Division held a social evening at Headquarter s. During the function Mrs. Dunn, wife of Div. Surgeon W. P. Dunn, presented awards to members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions

The R ev. Smith, of Carlin How, presided and a votp

of thanks to him Clnd 1\1rs. Dunn \vas proposed lJy Amb. Officer Swinnerlon.

Members of the tlrsing Division arranged the refreshments and a very cnjoyal)le evening ·was spent by members and fricnds.

J.\HROw.-Pholographs of prcsel1t and past members of the Jarrow Division in two large frames, pre:,cnted by Supt. II. J. Hunling to commemorate the coming-ofage of the Diyisiol1, cre unveiled on December 15th by County Officer 1\I. Y. ,'impson.

The Ivlayor of Jetrrow (Councillor e. ReClvley) presided, upporicd by AlckrmCln J. \\1. Thompson.

Supt. llunting referred to the growth of Ambulance \\ ork in the tOWll and the difficulties \\hich had to be Il\ ercomc. A lot of hard ,, ork had bec]] l1ecc sary for him to carry out his idea to celebrate thc 21 c:;t birthday () f the Di\ i 'iun !Jul hc \\ a compensated hy the result.

Lady SllpL :\1 i s E 1\1r. \\'. T. Baty ancl

Stothanl also spoke

II 111t'lI1bers of lhc Pal1l1er's lOIl!,.!I) .r\ 111illlla11L'l' \\'C'n' recently preScllll'l1 "ith \.R.P, ;. \\ arcl..; h\' .:\1 r. ). lIullter-Dro\\11 ma1lw"<. r '"ah (lnic:;in''' L'lll1:trl1ctio'nal departmcnt, Palmer·s.;'-'J -., Thc awards are hl'lic\'cd to be the fir t of their kind l) he presented to a shipyard Ambulance Curp in riel.

The t ra,inillg had be ell g-iven by Dr. J. IIcndry, Supt. 1r. J. IIUlltlllg" and mb. Officer Gillman, all of Tarrow, ant i their scrYlCl'S \\ ere ackneJ\\ leclncd 'hy Mr. I lullICr- Hro\\l1. ::-'.

Dr. 1 Tendry paicl trihute to the \York done by Supl.

\!-\\'l' \STLE.-Di\". ,upt. S. Hair presided at the l'r cscnlatioll tlf tt\\ ards of the Di\ ision hcld 0 11 Decemher l hh.

The Lord o[ (.\Idcrlll<lll G. OJiycr) the certificates, and reterrecl In the part ll1el1l!,e rs of the Drig ade "ould play ill the of air raids. I he Lord :'ITaYLlr <lid that hould the da) of distress and e\ clltu<llly cOllle they could rely upon the scrlCLS of lllcn :1l1cl WOlllen \\'ho, upon the Order of St. .lO}l11, have pledged thell1seh es to be at the elbow of their l n e nd " and llcighhour in tllne of need.

The henrf .of Xc\\ castle (Councillor J. E. Scanlan) p ryscntcd the cllr-raid certificate" and :'Ilr. S. Smith, DIY. Preidcnt, prc cnled the medallions and labels. J. II. ;dnrtoll, grand on of the latc Alderman .:\l o r.ton, of X c,\casLle, \\ as presented with the baclO'e and of office of \?ice-President o f the Division b\· Co unty Commi tanlcy Embleton. , ) Hair announced a further gi ft of £:0 from the 1 re:'Hlent who already pent £200 during 1C)37 all t he work and eql11pll1cnl of the Diyisioll.

Rcporting 011 t!le \\ ork of the Diyisioll ,11Pt. Hair s tated thal formed 111 January, 1937, the strcngth ,\ as 43 24 l!robrtti.oners in traininO', 111 the la t six month -1 0 publlc dutles had heen co\'erecl, fi\ e in\'o!\ ino' the dtt cndancc of 514 mell; se\'enly-eig-ht cascs haclt-bccll tre ated, olle proying fatal.

A sOl1\'Cnir pen et was presented to Ptc. F. \\'alker \',( had the highe t number of public dutics and drills 3.-, and 4-+ out of 45 respectiycly).

AID

No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District

The Annual Inspection of the Kent Collieric Divisions took place on Sunday, December Sth, at Deal, the Inspecting Officer being County Surgeon J. Hammerton.

The Divisions parading were the Tilmanstone Colliery Division (under Supt. J. \V. Bailey, who also charge of the parade), Betteshanger Colliery J)1\ lSlOn (under Supt. A. E. Cocks), and the Snowdown Division (under Supt. H. Braithwaite). Accompan)-111g the Inspecting Officer \\ ere Div. Surgeons ?\I.cC;:r.ea (Snowdown Division) and Lane (Betteshanger DlvlslOn) and Supt. David S. Davies.

Despite the fact that snow was falling heavily a number paraded and marched to the \\'elfarc (;round \\ hcre the inspection was held.

The Inspecting Officer complimented the officers and men on their turning out in such numbers in such bad and. expressed .complete sati faction on the display 111 dnll) bandagmg, etc. He also expressed his pleasure tW? of the Div. Surgeons were on parade, and also 111. seell1g so many cadets present, only one ahsentee belllg reported from the ranks of the Cadet Divisions.

Supt. Bailc)" il1 thanking Dr. Hammertol1 for hi · remarks, said that he felt ure the In pectC?£?cer \\ ould ha\'e becn more pleased had the weather C()l1ClItlOl1S been different ,,,hen he could ha, e een the members of the Divisions more fully extended in their \\'ork. He) lOo, referred to the proposed formation of "Kent Collieries Corps," and expressed the hope that III the very near future their anticipation \\ ould be an accomplished fact.

Dr. at conclusion of his inspection presented Prehmmary CertIficates to the members of the Betteshanger Cadet Diyision) and expressed the hope that \\ hen they were old enough, they ,,'ould carryon the g-ood work they had so successfully taken up by becominolllembers of the enior Division. b

Tl,;xBRIDGE \\'ELLs.-The indiyidual First Aid compc tltlOns for the "Kelsey" Cup were held at Tunbridge \\ells, on Decemher 9th, and were set and judged by DIY. Surgeon A. :\1. Pollock.

, The winner was Pte. D. Quinnell, with Pte. A. llcchurst runner-up. As both these men haye less than thnc years' experience, they also take the ., Beecroft" Cup and runner -up I:ledal respectivcly, which are prefor men of their class in the same competition

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rIRST

Priory for Wales.

HEADQUARTER :'\OTES.

1\ ursing members of the Brigade in 'Vales have recei:'ed with keenest enthusiam the announcement of the appolOtment of the Countess of Plymouth as Lady Superintendent for Wales and of the promotion of the Han. Irs. J. H. Bruce to the rank of Lady Staff Officer for \Vales from that of Lady County Superintend.ent, Abe;rdare, Centre sen-ices received a great stimulus lO 19.)6 by the acceptance of the highest nursing office on .the Pnor}' Brio'ade Headquarter Staff by Her Royal Highness the of Kent; and it is interesting to note how relative appointments in the Ambulance and N Sections being held by husband and wife. An ul11que IS that'of T R. H. the Duke and th! Duchess of I'...ent, Pnor and Lady Superintendent in-Chief for" ales respectively, while the Earl and Countess of Plymouth are Sub-Prior and Lady Superintendent for \Vales; and the Han: ohn H. and illrs. Bruce, Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales, and Lady Staff Omcer for \Vales. The only nursinJ office on the \Velsh Brigade Headquarter Staff IS that of Assistant Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for \Vales, held by Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O.B.E., Widow of the first Principal Secretary and Commissioner for \Vales.

All members of the Priory learnt with profound sorrow of the death of Ir. Charles H. Keen, an Officer (Brother) of the Order, which occurred on December 31st. Only recently 1\1r. Keen had been appointed one of the three trustees of the Priory in succession to the late Hugh 1\1. Inglede:v ; and though his attachment to the Pnory was of comparatIve short duration-his interest having been aroused by the address of H. R. H. the Duke of Kent during his first visit to the Priory-a sincere appreciation of its work and generous contribution to its needs will perpetuate his memory as an eminent Officer. The late lr. Keen's interest in the Priory is shared by his widow, a of the. Cardiff c,entre Commitee, who was responsIble, JOlOtly wIth Dr: Edgar Llewellyn, for the successful organisation of the Pnory Ball attended by T. R. H. on October 19th last.

Officers of Cadec Divisions in the Special Areas started the new year's work with fresh vigour and enthusiasm in "iew of the welcome news that the Priory'S application for assistance for the equipment with uniform of in depressed areas had resulted in a grant of £, 2, ')00 bell1g allocated by the Commissioner for Special for the provision of uHiform to members of Cadet DIvIsions whose parents are unemployed. t:ouble h?,s taken at Priory House and by the Dl\'lSlOnal Officers lO arriving at accurate figures of those for ; a.nd the difficulty which has been locally In mal?taining Units is revealed in the return which. shows that 111 119 Cadet Divisions with a total membershIp of 3,042, no fewer than 1,565 are dependent upon "u nem II persons in strict accordance with the following definitIOn, viz. "Those wholly unemployed and in receipt of Unemployment Benefit or Assistance or Poor Law Relief, continuously for the past three months, or who have been unemployed for not less than nine months in the preceding twelve months commencing 1st June, 1936, and who are now unemployed."

Further encouratrement to Cadets will be aITorded by the initiation of Velsh National Competitions fo r Amb u lance and Nursino- Cadet teams, arranged in t ,'o age g r o u ps, viz. 12-16 and16-18. The competitions wi ll be o r gan ised on s i mi lar con di tions to those governing- the We l sh B r igade Finals, each Centre being given representation ; of the Centres have been preparing for some time, particularly in l\ l onmouthshire, where the three Assistant missioners ha\ 'e each given a trophy for the :espectlve County Area Competition. The first Cadet final \\'1 11 be held at the City Hall, CardifT, on aturday, February 26th.

After attending of Council and Ambulance Committee at Priory House on November 30th, l r. Lemuel Jones, j. P., the octogenarion Assistant ommissioner in charo-e of the important Abera\'on County L\rea, G lamorgan Centre, was involved in a car accident on makin.g his way to the station and sustain<:d a leg. He IS no\-\' a patient at L1andough HospItal, Carddl, and all who have known his commendable activity will wi h him a speedy re,o\ ·ery

Christmas and Te w Year Greetings were exchanged between the Priory for \\'ales and theTCommanderies of Order in Canada, South Africa and mastide was marked once again by the gift of a speCial collection of books to the fl\'e hospitals in the Cardiff Area on the part of the Priory.

\\\ '.\RDS 01 BRIl,,\f)E SER\ ICE.

ILR.H. the Grand Prior has appro\'ed the awacd of th e following Service Medals and Bars to members of the Brigade in \Vales :-

SER\ Ch \berdare Centre.-Dr. j. i\1. \\'ilson, lOll11llissiol1er Caernan'onshire Centre. - Oi\· G. l. John Day L1andudno Division.

Glamorgan County Centre. - Corps Secretary Edwin Peters, Pontardulais Corps; Corps Officer L. J. \VOO?S, Riches Corps; Div. Supt. D. Richards, .:\mbulancc Officers \\'. A. Ellis, :\Iaesteg Central, and E. J. Roberts, NantY1l10ei ; Privates Rees Jones, antymoel, and Thomas G. Thomas, Pontlottyn. Monmouthshire Centre. - Di\'. Supl. \ \ '. ]. Grea\'es , \bertysswg ; Amb. Officers T. E. J , Aberty swg, and Herb-::rt Thomas, Pont)'p:::ol Road Railway; Se r geant.S, A. Jones, Abert)'sswg; Corporals Clifford \Vilcox, .\berttllery, Thomas Flemrning, Abertillery, Stanley V\'ebb, Pontypool, and William Nash, Six Bells; Private Thomas H bvans Six Bells.

Boroug-h of l\lertbyr Tydfil Centre.-Lady Div Supt. Susannah Williams, Merth) r Serge2 nt N. t dwards, Treharris' Ambulance Sister ,\Iargaret J. Thomas, l\1erthyr , and P;ivate Richard J ones, Troedyrhiw .

Rhondda Centre.-Ambulance Officer T homas Hopkin aval Collieries and Penygraig ; Corporal Edwa rd T anner, Blaenclydach Colliery; Private E. R j o n es, Naval Collieries and Penygraig.

FIRST BARS, 20 YEARS.

Aberdare Centre.-Div. Supt. David Davies and .\mbulance OfTtcer Evan J J ones, Durfryn Aman.

l\Ionmouthshire Centre.-Lady l)iv. SUpl. Olive Strickland (deceased) and Lady Ambulance Of1iccrFlorence 1. Flelllmil1gs. ,\bert il lery

Rllondda Centre. Corps Treas W.]. ;\ Jatthews, Upper Rhondda Corps.

SECOND 25 YEARS.

Monmouth hire Centrc. -A mbulance Onicers A. O. Gib bs, Abertillery, and \V. Jenkins, Blaina ; Staff Sergeant ] ohn Hale, Blaina.

Borough of l\Ierthyr Tydfll Centre. - Privates \. Broom ,lI1d T. aunclers, :\bercanaid ; and Thomas Thomas, :\lerthyr Boro ugh.

TlIIRD BARS. 30 YEARS.

;\1011l11outhshire Centre.- [\ si tal1t Commissioner ( ,eorge II elms, Tre\'(!t hin Count) .\rea and Corps S upl. Frederick Xelms, Pontypool and Ditrict Corps.

.\. R. P. I

The nhibition of Ihe (jIm entitled "The World in Re\o lt" cll t\\O of the .\s ociateu British Cinemas Limited In Cardifr wa ' pcl;'ticularJy succe sful in enli ting personnel f r .\. R. P work; ami a special chi s for those \\'ho indicated cl de ire to attend a C0ursc commenced 011 January 10Lh. A

f( .lIi tic .\. R. P. tiemonstration was given daily after the h0\\ ing of the by Brigade members in the Cardiff Cen tre under the of .\Illbulance Oflicer T. L. Dn) ment, a Falfield 1nstructor.

\. R. P. organis<ltiLln within the Centre \\hich 'aptain T. Beard, O.B .E ., is Commissioner, ha' been completed by the appointment of .\. R. P. OnJ.ce rs - each of the Count\· Area in the Centre, which has no\\' Grad\? 1 and 11 l;(adc 2 Instructors. The G\\'ent Count\· n:a is particularly fortunate in ha\ ini.; the excellent training Idci litie at the lrumlin Re lue placed at it di.;pos al through thl.! good of the 'uperintendent, ;\1 r. .\. T. Winborn, \\'ho accepted ofllce as .\. R. r. Ol1icer.

COl1i.;TatulatilJns ar tiue to :'I1r. ] II. Thorne, .\. R.I'. ) lice r, RllOndtia Centre, and Superintendent of the lJinas I'esc ue Statil)l1, on ha\ ing il1,>lrucled the IJr class in " 'ales ir which all the candidate (eight) ::,itting for Grade 1 ILc ceded in getting their certifJcates.

Thc following e,tracts of a report of the A. R. P. Of1i ce r f0r the ben.1are Centre ma) be helpful to other Officers : _

" I ha\'e the honour of presenting to you a Rep0n on .\ir Raid Precaution acti\'itie in the 11 ppcr and LO\\'er Co rps of the Aberclare Centre since the cOl1lmencement of the "iLhe lllc.

"In 1935 I attended a Course of .\.R.P. lectures at lrdifT nnd a week-end Course in London. In Decpmber, 1 )3 5, I at and gained m)' Grade 1 Instructors' Certificate

" On gaining- 111) certificate I set out a certain pldn and I alll \ er) proud to report to you that 1 ha\ e practically ach ic\cd whal J set out to do.

"Feeling that it \\'ould be an impossible task to gi\'e a nes of lectures to about 14 Divisions, I formed and il,str uctecl a class of ofllcers with the object of (a) making the m instructors and (b) so that these olTicers \\'o uld return t\., the ir Division and instruct their members. Re ta), by tt -da y 1 am pleased lo report that there is a Grade 1 0'1' G ade 2 In tructor in every 'e nior Division (both male and k nale) in the [\berdare Centre (with the exception of Hlrwa in).

II Regarding (b), classes have been h ld at the \beral11<1n Rescue Station, Abercynon, Penrhi\vceiber, l\IoLlntain Ash,

AID

Deep Duffryn Colliery, Cwmaman and Aberdare where some membe r s of all the Divisions of the Centre have attended. "

strength is as follows

"Two classes have just been formed, one for \lasters at Toe H Rooms, .\berdare, and the other at Jlirwain. "

S.J.A. B. OVet"s ea s.

CEYLO:\ POLICE CORPS.

October 1st the abo\'e Corps "'as inspected by His Excellencyl\lr. 1'1. :'1. \Vedderburn, C.M.G., Onicer Administering the Go\·ernment. For the first time representatives of the Colombo Fire Brigade, the Ceylon Government Railway, and the newly formed :\ ursing Division, were present.

After the in pection, Service :'Iedals and Bars for Service rendered to the Brigade were pres-emed as follows: Bars -Act ing Asst. Supt. 1\1. A. de Sih'a, Inspector de LaHarpe, P. S.'s A. A. :'liskin, H. Paul, .-\. J. de Silva and T. P Ahamat; Medals-Inspectors A. K. :'Ilarriott, E. G \rendtsz, A. L. Vanders t raaten, Sub-Inspectors E. Wheatley, V. :\1 urugesu, Thangiah, P. S. 's C. B. Heiler, C. :\1. Shaheeth, V. Thamotheran, and P. C. V. E. Fernando.

In addition, competition challenge cups and Colonial Police and Fire Brigades Long Service :'IIedals \\'ere preented by His Excellency.

The Inspecting Officer congratulated the parade on its "err fine display, and was astonished at its efficiency. He was i nteresred to see other l' nits of the Brigade present and pleased to notice the Tursing C nit.

CO;\lPErI 1I0:-'S. Professor F. O'B. Ellison, :\1. D., .\ssist<tnt Commissioner, Brigade (Overseas), Dr. S. T. Gunasekera, Director of :\ledical and Sanitary Sen'ices, Colonel Frank Gunasekera, O.B.E., :'lajor G. D. Yates, R -\.:\1.L., Professor ;\1ilroy Paul, and Dr. F. Keyt judged the Competition for the Inspector - General's Cup; 32 teams competed in the Eliminating Test held on Monday, September 21th, 1 as a result of "'hich six teams contested the final.

The Inspector-General's Challenge Cup was won by the ergeants' Class team \\'ith Maradana team seconc.l.

Other a\\'ards were: The Challenge Cup presented by the late Dr. A. C. A. Fernando for the team best able to apply chafer's method of artificial respiration \\'as won by the l\laradana team.

The Challenge Cups presented to Colombo for marks gained at the annual re-examination were \Yon by: Dr. H. E. Schokman's Cup for the highest marks, Sub-In pector Ferdinands of l\laradana; Dr. D. D S. Outschoon's Cup for the Sergeant or Constable, P. S. C. Shaheeth of .1atara ; Mr. H C. R. Anthonisz's Cup for the Constable, P.C. P B. Karun.atilleke of Sergeants' Class.

When y ou w rit e to a n y of o ur A dvertisers kindly ment ion FIRST AID. It doesn 't co st y o u a ny t hing an d it please s the Adv e r ti se rs a n d U s

Phosgene Poison i ng.

first aiders are calleJ to the assistance of a person rescued from a garage, their first thoughts

By to carbon monoxide poisoning There is, however, a second condition "'hich they may be called upon to treat-namely phosgene poisoning.

This was demonstrated at the ambulance competitions of the Surrey Branch of the National Fire Brigades' Association and also, a few days ago, at an inquest on a young lady who had been overcome by phosgene gas. I n the second case the characteristic II well being" period after contamination was ,veIl illustrated, as the deceased did , not die un til some hours after the accident.

In both instances a fire extinguisher was the cause of the gas and whereas firemen, we are given to understand, are fully conversant with the contents of fire extinguishers, first aiders on the whole are not.

Fire extinguishers, according to an expert, con tai n Carbon 1 etra Chloride (C CI ), \\' h ich if used in a pure state is reasonably safe in a confined area. If, however, it is impinged on hot metal at high temperature (say '00 degrees or higher) it will commence to give off phosgene gas. On some fire extinguishers a warning is given that this should not be used in a confined space owing to the danger of fumes .

The signs and sym ptoms of both cond itions are very similar and first aiders should study these very cartfully.

Phosgene. Carbon Monoxide.

F ACE Pale, lilac, Pale or pink. Painful & gasping Shallow, PULSE Rapid. Quick and weak,

In addition to above, in phosgene poisoning the patient has a short dry cough.

Readers will note the very slight difference in the signs, this being caused by the fact that both conditions are due to oxygen starvation.

Now the treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning is well known and, after removal of patient into the fresh air, artificial respiration IS the first consideration. Note, however, that 111 phosgene poisoning artificial respiration is not to be given.

Readers who have taken their A. R. P. examination should know the treatment of phosgene poisoning which is a lung irritant gas; but for the of those who do not yet hold an A.R.P. certificate, we publish the treatment given by Dr. John Fenton in his excellent book, " GasA Synopsis of Defence Against," as follows ;-

CI Get victim out of concentration; remove or loosen tight clothing ; REST-keep patient at absolute rest in recumbent position; WAR MTHBlankets and hot water bottles- prevent shock and shivering; HOSPITAL-early removal to

hospital on a stretcher; reassure patient; no arti/idal respz'rat£on which may do further damage to the already damaged lungs."

In very mild cases patients should be sent home and advised to obtain medical treatment; whilst in more serious cases the app lication of oxygen may be administered on the advice, and under the supervision of a doctor. -

G. E .L.

Police Ambulance News.

POLICE NATIONAL COMPETITiON, 1938.

The final competition tor the" Pi 111 " tnlrlly \\ ill take rlace on Friday, February 25lh, al the Central II al l, \\' estminster, London, The judges will be Dr. G, S. Phillip, of G\\'aun-cacGUf\\'e n (team test) and Dr. ;\1. Scott, of ( indi vidu al tests).

Preliminary comretitillib \\ ill be held during J an uar y at the following centres ton, York, Dllncaster, Binning-ham, Taunton, r\'ewto\\'11 (:\lontgomer):"hire) and London.

It is not possible at thi stage to the total l1umher (1f teams ente r ed for the comretition this year, hut WL understand thal the entries are \\' II up to the tl)tal L1f la st year.

B.-\Ri\SLI:Y \\'.R. 01\'IS1 );.,'.

The annual competition for the cup pre entL'd h) the late Thomas :\ orton was held last l11onth, when s!:!\(;'n teams from ections of the Barnsley \\ ', R. Di\ isiL1I1 Constabulary competed.

Dr. Hessel, of Pontefracl, adjudicatld, hi rlacin;..: '> being bt, Cud \\'ort h, 1 7; 2nd, land, 1 bS. In the indi"idual tests Constables S) kes (Cudworth) and \\ 'il nn (Worsborough) tied with 27 points. ;\ir. l;. If. presented the trop), and prize.

T.\ BL L.\R. \

The annual competitions \\'\.;re held recently, ten lL'<LIIl;:, competing Or. Hannen and Dr. Miln e \\ re thL' Judge, and among those present was the ' hief Consta,hlc of the T\ ort!l Riding (Colonel Chaytor) and ]\1r..,. Cha., tor, 1\11, L ?\1anging, Deputy Chief Constable; Dr. Oa\id 011, 1\1.0.11. for North Ridin g; Supl. l\1. Fletcher, S.].A B., an d others, The result was a win for the v\'hitby Di\'ision with 16 <), and they were a warded the "Lord Bollon" first aid challenge cup. The motor patrol team \\' as seeond and Bulmer team third. C h ay tor presented the troph y and prizes.

STOCKPORT BOROL.:Gll.

Since 11)24 out of -100 ca ndidal es from the tockpurt BorouRh P olice Force \,.\'110 have sat fOI- the St. John certificate, the r e b as been only one failure. Every member of th .r Force is now an effic ient first aider, which is a grea t credit to Dr. J , T. Bailey (Police Surgeon) \\'h o is the lecturer and Supt. J. Ru shby. Chief of the Fire Brigade, who acts ;is instru cto r.

Railway Ambulance News.

The Inter- Railway Co.npetition.

The 1938 fillal of the ab()\'l; \\'il11Jc held (Ill :\[ay 26lh. at the (;rl'at Central Hotel, fAlllclon. N. \V. I.

Great Western.

CW:\!BR \:-;. ;"1r. E. F. lIall preided oYCr a meetin o IIi the l\, miJran ambulance class 011 DecemlJer 19th, .\fr \\. E. \\'. Slatiull :'lastcr. pre ellt\:d cxaminati lJl1 Cl\\ arcls til UCCl'S ful mcmbers. and cOllO'ratulated tbe ru:-ipicllh. (,old for \ L'ars' firsl tlaid cfficiC'l1c\' WLrL prl'lCIl[L'd to Mr. E. F. ]J;(II aile! :'1r. V. l( CI:..;s 't crl'tary.

\TIL-The annual dillill r Ilf thL Xcath ambulance class took pLlce at the Castll IIolLi (11 J kClIl11>cr -+tho under the l'rLIlkncy of :'Ir. \\ A. 1'( \\'C. Am ong lhe L the :'layor and '\Iayurcss CJ i X eath. Coullcillor and :'1 r C. R. Hedge. lhe Deputy l\T aYClfe-;<.;. :\1 r T. Cok COl1ncillor F \ Loadn and :\lr-;. Loader, Captain E. look (lnd :'11 s. Cook 0 f • Yl'\\'tOI1 \hh ot. and local official<; Clf the Company. The exarl1JJ1ation a\\ arcls ,,"ere c1istl'lhuted hy thc :--Iayorcss :mcl '\Irs. E\'an ,ancl \r. O. g-olcl mcclab <lnd hal s for 1.:;' 20 and year:' cmelcHcy. All intcn::;tin!!," of the \,car's \I rrrk III thL ansea CLmhLIbl1l'C J )i\'i':;;()j{ \\';t<.; g-i\ h\' ,\[1' .I. (1)1\'.1\;1111 .-ecn'tal':) -

Dl'[LTI[ ni thl Rurlth \\'elb class hLld their annual dillnL:r at the. \\an Hotel on December 1st. whl11 :\lr. G. E. ayee. J.P pre ided, and among those prcsLllt \\'ere :\1c sr J. \Y. Enser. District Traffic M.anager. J. A. DenIlLY, Di \". Engineer. G. F. Moon, Ast. J)l\". and F. Rowlands, Cla.s Secrctary. 1\1r. Ense l', pre cnting examinalion a\\ ards and gold efficiency the cia on its progress) and paid specia l trIbute to Dr. G. P. Dri\'er. their lecturer) and 1\1r. Ro\\land ' The name of the latter \\ as received with Il1U ical. hOllours. The proceedings were brought to a clo. e \I Ilh the \V el h and English :-\ational Anthems.

, BIRMI:-;C;IIi\M.-At a smoking concert held at the C rown Hot e l, 1\1r. A. J. 1nsa1l) Asst. Div. Supt., presided dJl(l pre.cnted examinatio n awards to the 52 members of the. Birmingham ambu lance class Il e was s uppor ted b\" II. S. B. ·Whitley, Div. Engineer) 1\1r. G. ]. Lees, (joo ds upt., Hockley) 1\1r. H. H. Starr and 1\1r. F. Overbury, Div. Amb. ecretary. Dr. L. A, Line, who has a . class lecturer for many years. was presented with the ,CerLIficatc of Honorary Life l\Iembership of the Order of St. John. Mr. lnsall congratulated the cla s on havino· some of the g r eatest stalwarts 0 r the mOYeJ11e'I;t '-In,e Its formatio n 50 ears ago.

WOLVERIIA:\IPToX.-The ::'1olineux Hotel, \VolverI:ampton, was the scene of the annual dinner and presentatlOn of awards in connection with the Stafford Road vVorks ambulance clas s; 70 members and friends attended. Mr, C. Rodda) Works Manager, presided over the f ul1ctlOn and was supported by ;"1r. R. H. Grey, Div. L.oco.mot.lVe Supt., and Dr. J. F. Lyne) l ecturer, 1\.1r. Grey, the awa rd s, congratulted the members on [htl r 100 per cent. success,

BARRY.-The annual supper and presentation of Cl\vards to members of the Caerphilly station ambulance took place on December 3rd, when ;"1r. Parr\' .1 homas, Stati?l1 presided. A pleasing- incident III the proceecllngs was the presentation of the Company's bar for 20 years' efficiency to ;"1r. C. T. Hurn' Locollloti\'e Supt., and formerly Sub-Dis t rict Com-n!'SSlUner.

London, Mid land ancl Scottish.

presentation of awards of the D.Cr.:',r. (Jallns . l::l.s took place recently. ::'1r. G. Baile\' (:CClIPICcl chair and Mr. £"a115 made the presentations-; certificates. four \,ouchers) three medallions and !lllle Jabels.

£"all al'O congratulated the class and after Dr. C. t. John ton, presented him \\ ith a small t.:·l tt JI1 recognition of his sen·ices.

After exprc. sing his tha.nks for the gift. the Doctor to lhe cla·s secretary and instructor, 1\1r. A. E. Bef\\'lck, he. tated deser"ed the mo t praise for the able way 111 whIch he had conducted and maintained the cIa s.

BROAD STREET.-A number gathered together recently when the presentatlOn of the 1937 awards was made by 1\1r. A. L. Castleman. The SO awards included three certificates, six "ouchers, three medallions and 3S bbels. from five. to 36 years' membership.

Three slh'er medals gIven for attendance to the mo t number of cases throughout 1936 were won by 1\1r Yeon-ell (1?7), 1\1r. Coombs (151) and 1\1r. Keetch (131): A speCIal presentation ,,,as made to Mr. D, R. Alder. on (now re tired) as a special tribute from Broad Street for services rend ered to the Ambulance l\Iovement fo; O\'('f 35 years.

GOWERToN.-The annual presentation of awards was held recently 1\1r. \V, E. 'VVinter acted as Chairman and was accompal11ed by l\Iessrs. C. H, T a it, H. Owen and othcrs Awards were presented to fourteen members of the Radway Class, and to ten members of the local BriO'ade the were t\\"o 15 years' gold lhe re.clplen.ts be111g 1\1.essrs. T.. S. Phillips and J. Lewis. An AIr PrecautIOns certIficate was also presented to the ChaIrman,

The presentations werr made by Major A. W. nderson. )I.B., Ch.B.

IIEFFIELD.-The annual dinner proved ycry popular and was attended by 280 people. In addition to ir \\ Tilliam and Lady\Yood, the guests included the Lord )1:1yor and Lady 1ayoress (Ald. and 1\lrs. Beard ley ). )lajor James (Chief Constable) 1\lr. and Mrs. T. \\. Dunn and Colonel Rudgard. The gathering was presided nyer by ::\1r. Cuthbert Jones.

Sir \Villiam \V ood in his remarks aid that over 10,000 of the staff passed the examination each year, and the member: \\ ere pcrforming frcely a public scrvice, eli playing a s<:l1se of puhlic duty which was onc of the distinguishin o· features of this democratic country. Sir \\'illiam cited a number of cases where L.1\I.S. Ambulance men had been re ponsible for saying life by applying th correct treatment promptly and said that he knew the ambulance moyemcnt would not be lacking in adapting its humane ,york to meet such a contingency as air raid.

)lajor F. S. James responded to the toast of "Our Gue ts,' propo ed by )lr. T. Follows.

W.-\XSEA.-The annual presentation of awards was held on December 10th. Mr. C. H. Tait, \\ho was in the chair, made an appeal to those not at prescnt members to join the moyement and referred to the importance of the Air Raid Precaution schemes.

::\Ir. J. Story presented the following a\\ards to the St. Thomas' Class: Three certificates, three vouchers, 20 labels and long eryice medal (15 years) to J. T. Brazier: whil t ::\1r. F. G. ::\Iobbs handed three certificates and 30 labels to memher of the \-ictoria CIa s.

London and Nort h Eas t e r n.

YORTII EASTERX AREA.

THE L.X.E. Railway Company have been pleased to approyc the issue of the following Long ervice Gold \ wards for the half-year ending September 30th, 1937:

Amison, C. J. Dak. A. ].

Dodds, E. J.

English. D. R.

Forster, F. J aryey, G. H. IIedley, J. H. Hornby, T. \V.

J A. Leake, F.

Rowe, J. G.

Shenyin, G. H.

Taylor, H.

Tindale, J. R.

\Yhltc A. L.

\i\Thitaker, G.

Laws, JI. A.

Shaw, R.

\Vallis, E. G.

\Yard, A.

Deacon, J. A.

Johnson, J.

AID

Smith, C. \v. Taylor, J.

\Vaite, J. G.

Darlington York Loco. Fa inter Fitter

30 YBRS' R\R. T\\"C'cdl11outh Fi reman

33 YE \RS' DAR.

Marshall, H A. IIllII Joiner

AT a meeting of the Execllti\'e Commillee held at York, the elates of t he Xorth-Eastern Area Competitions \\ ere fixed as fo11ows.-

Districi CO/llpctilioJ/s.-IIull. February 9th; Leed s, FelJruary nth; Fehruary 19th: York, 211d: 1 e\\"castle, :.rarch 5th; Darlington, :'Iarch 19th. The F11lct! C()1l1pditi()J1 to III 11l'ld at Darlington on April 9th.

G.\TESIIE.\o.-\Vhel1 pre.<':lltillg ,'\\ anI to members oi the L.':\".E.R. Police Clas at GatL' head, l\It-. S. Cooper, Ccntre Secretary, disclosed that a n.'cnrd number of 3,157 tudents \,"ere successful in examinations held in the N orth-Easttrn Area during the 1936 -37 session.

Thc class awards con i.;;tecl of six rertinciltcs, two "ouchers. onc medalli(JI1 and eight lahel

IIcLL.-DairYc()ats for the \ Lelr in were ucces ful In \\inning the Cup al11hulancl competition. Hull Ea wereeconcl and Parag-()n third Mr. ]. S. IIarper pr<.:siclcd, \\ hil t :'frs. JIilrper pn'sellted the trophy and sih cr medals tC) the \\ innln!.!,· tlam.

::\lr. S. Cooper, CentrL Sccrdary, a ked iIarp er to present LonR Sen·icc Gnlcl1I<.:clals to ::\1L src;. II. Luca •

\V. H. Pigott, E. C. Vening and C. \Vil on. ancl (;old Bars to ':'Iessrs. G. A. ]-<ullerton (20 year ). I-I. J. R. (20 years). A. O. ayer (2: year) and T. B. \\ ·hitehead (35 years).

Arrangemcnts for the competiti()n \\Lr<: allly carried out hy ::\1r. G. H. Oakes (District Secretary) and mcmher ., of the Council.

1936-37 activities of the Area which were a record since the [ormation of the centre in 1895.

The class secretary, Mr. T. Dixon, is to he cong ratulatccl on his arrangements.

TWEEmrOUTIT.-On the occasion of the annual exa mination of thc Tweedmouth class Mr. S. Cooper tha nked Dr. P. \V. Maclagan for his services as class lecturer and congratulated the members on their conti 11l1ed interest i11 First Aid.

Mr. Cooper also presented a 25 years' Gold Bar to G. vVhite and a 30 years' Gold Belr to J. G. Waite.

Dr. 1IaclagCln congratulated Messrs. \Vhite and Waite and, ()11 hehal f of the mcmbers and himsel thanked Cooper [or his attendance and remarks.

YORK.-),f r. E. D. Trask (District Loco. Supt.) present<.:d the a\\ ani to members of the York Locomotive class and congratulated each member on his success. He felt that many more of the locomoti\'e staff should avail t hemselves of the facilities offered by the Company and uhtai n a knowleclg-e of hr t Aid.

:\lr. Cooper referred to the yaluable assistance rLnderecl to the Darling-ton District for many years by A. Lockton, who had con ented to act as Class In tructor, and amid applause prL ented him with a Long Sen'ice Gold l-.! edal.

II. IIud.on (Dock Eno-ineer' Accountant) took ,he chair at the prcscntation of awards to members of the Docks EIl"'ineer Ambulance Class.

:\Ir. Cooper, Centre Secretary, presented to Mr. 1r. .\. :'farshalI a Gold Dar for 35 years' efficient Ambulance \\ thi heing the first in the Hull area, and Long- ServIce Gold to ::\lessrs. A. Brien and \V. H. BLadle 011.

:'Irs. Hud on presented the" l\Irs. Hudson '. Silver (u p. for incll\'idual competition, to l\lr. H. Dennett, al 0 (ll Fi r t •\Id a wards.

AID T77

team which \von the Inter-Railway Challenge Shield in 1903, 1904 and 1907. Further, Captain Goodley has heen a reader of FIRST AID since No.1, Vol. 1, which saw Jight of day in 1894.

Southern.

HO::\OURs.-In recognition of untiring services 111 the cause of First Aid, covering a period of many years, Mr F. J. Hancock, Trains Inspector, Exeter, and ::\lr. C. [Ioward, Guard, Havant, ha"e been admitted as Sen'ina E rothers to the Order of St. John. ::-.

OBITI,\Ry. -Mr. S J. ::\ladge, one of the best known AmlJulanee workers in the \Vest of England, has passed away at the age of 62 years.

::\1r. Madge took his first certificate in 1900 with the Exeter S.R. and each succeeding year in Exeter, a?d later at Yeovl1 sat for and passed his annual examinatIOn . In 1934 he was made a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John, and he was the holder of the bronze ilver and gold medals of the S.R. Centre in addition holding the ::\Ieritorious Long Service Certificate of the Centre. For 12 years he was Class Secretary of the Yeovil Ambulance Class and was also a leader or member of many teams successful in competition work.

Another familiar figure that will be missed from many S.R. e\'Cnts, especially the competition finals at Southern House, i that of .1\1r. F. E. Drinkwater late Inspector, Bridge, who died recently. )

::\iEDALS.

Wcst Hartlepool \Va gon Repairer

\Vest Hartlepool Police Constable

Shildoll \Vagon Repairer

Darlington Police Sergeant

C?I1SCLL Signalman

\\ eSL HartlcpolJl Guard

(;atcshead Freight Guard

Harrlepool Clerk York Carpenter York Police Inspector Passenger Guard

Darhngton Police Constable

Darlington Tool Fitter

\V est IIarllepool Signalman

\Vest Hartlepool Chargeman Plumber

Redcar Signalman

20 YEARS' BAR.

Darlington

Darlington

South Bank

IIartlepool

25 YEARS' Leeds

Walker Gate

Detective Constable Chargeman Joiner Signalman

Teemer R\R. Clerk Fitter

::\loXKWE \R.\fOUTIT.-A \\ anI. gained hy l1H:mhers nt the ::\Ionkwearmol1th cla s \\ere pre ented to the sliccesf11 1 stndent<; l) y :'1r. :. Cooper at thc annual class supper.

Mr. L. BaIlan (Di trict presided, cnll grat ula ting the member Oll their SllCCCS (ul year.

Dr. C. R. Comeld alo cOl1gTatulatccl the memhers and said how pleased he was tn kctl1re to such an intere. ted body of 111e11.

::\1r. S. H. Llmplugh (Class. eerdary) Oil h<.:llalf ()f the members, presentecl Dr. Corn<:l d with a fireside chair , as some slight recognition oi his yaluable s(;n-iccs.

SUNDERL.\ND.-The annual cIinner and presentation o· the 1936-37 awards gained hy the Sunderland class took place on December 7th.

Owin g to the unavoidable absence of the Pre iden t (::\lr. L. BalIan), Mr. H. J. Johnson , Assistant District Supt., presided, and on handing over the a wards con gratulated each member on his success.

There was loud applause when Dr. E. Thorp e presented the (( Thorpe" Cup to Mr. T. Aishitt [or th e eco nd time in succession.

On behalf of the class members, 1\1r. Johnson hand ed a silver spoon to Dr. Thorpe as some slight recognitio n of his valuable services to the class for a number of years.

1\1r. S. Coopcr, Ccntre Sccrctary, commented on the

\\ '. Carden l wi f e of vice-Pre ident) presented Dr \, Ho) ne Lecturer) \\ith an electric toaster an d :\1r. \V. II. Lambert (Class Lecturer) with an ta ble lamp.

Arrangement for the evening's function, which also ,a concert and dance, wcre carried out hv \lr. J'. C. Charlton 'ecretary). -

SOUTJIERN ARE \.

Captain \V. Goodley, 11.C., has heen appointed Centre ecretary to th<: Creat 'orthern Centre in succession to :\ 1r. T. Smith, \\hose resignation took effect on December 31 t, 1937.

By his new appointment Captain Goodley becomes th e General Ambulance ecretary of the Southern Area of the L. .E.R., as before his new appointment he ,vas a lready 111 charge of the Great Central and Great Eastern ent res.

In ad.dition Captain Goodley is Ambulance Secretary 0'£ the Midland and Great Northern Joint Line and outsl de the AmbulaFlce world is Commissioner of 1 of Wales's) District of the St John A mbUlance Bngade.

It is ipteresting to recall that Captain Goodley C0111hiS career as a member of the old reat Eastern RaIlway an d was captain of the March

::\1r. Dnnkwater obtained his certificate on the i:ondol1, and Dover Raih\'ay in 1895, and ever , 111ce lUlUl hlS death was a valued member of the S.R. Centre.. In recognition of his services he was appointed a Servmg Broth.er of the Order of St. John in 1914. On numerous occaSIOns he captained the team representinO" the. London) Doyer and Chatham Railway in the Radway competition.

For many year Class Secretary of the Guildford Cl.a s, ::\1r. F. H., L. Euden. who passed away last month, w111 be greatly 1111 sed by hiS colleagues in the Ambulance work.

11r. Euden gained his first certificate 111 1901, and held the 1-t-year medal of the S.R. Centre.

L\U;\CESTOK.-l\!r. C. F. de Pury (Div. Supt.) prelded at the presentation of av,lards to members of the Launceston Class, supported by the l\Iayor (1\1r. S. J. Fltze), :'1r. F. Hancock (District Secretary) l\lr. A. Kelland (Stationmaster), 1\1r. C. Sowden Secretary) and others.

The Chairmaf! emphasised the fact that the Ambulance moven:e!1t 111 the. Launceston District was in a healthy conditIOn for wh1ch great credit was due to Mr Sowden, the Secretary.

The l\Iayor,. before. prese?ting the awards, paid tnbyte to the efficlel!-cy w1th which they carried out their dut1es and of the pnde they took in their work

In addition to the awards the Mayor p;esented to 1\1r. J. H. Lashbrook, late Stationmaster) an electric standard lamp on behalf of the staff,

RXl\ISGATE,-At t he annua l competitions for, the Ram o-ate Borough Ambulance Cup, Southern RaIlw ay

To 1b team who o'ained out of -\20 marks 376, were placed first, follo ,,:ed b/ the S,R. Io 2 with 330 , Dr. C. P. Boulden (Deal) saId that he and hl,_. colleague, Dr. C. \Vi se had been et a dIfficult problem in decidino- upon the Wlllners.

;"Ir. G R. Competition Secretary, rresldecl at the pre entation of the cup, replica, and pnzes \\ 'h ich were distributed by Alderman J<. L. Dunn.

The l\Iayore s of Ramsg ale la"t munth In members of the Ramsgate Cia. s aW(ln]s gamed at tbe examination.

The ).Iayor (Alderman \\ ', T. Smith) expressed thanks on behalf of himself and t he l\Iayore, s for the im'itation which had been extended to them

The feature of the di tribution of awards \\'as the presentation to l1r. G. SC?tt of Raih\ <l.Y Centre's ecolld class certlficate 111 recognItIon of hI. e n 'ice in rendering Fir t id to a Jady \yho was knocJ:ld do\yn by a car and "ery serintl Iy injured Ilcar t he statU)Jl earlier 'in the year.

A New COlllpetitiol1 fop London.

IT is very strange that London should be so badly served with open ambulance com petitions; more especiall y as the fi rst aid movem en [ has so many thousands of members from the residents of the hub of the Empire.

To encourage the competItIon SpIrIt among leadin g teams in London, the Ma yo r of St. l\1ar ylebone ( Alderman R. Stiles Allen, J. P.) has presented a silver challenge cup for open competition amona tea ms of men whose headquarters are in the of London and :\I et r opo litan Police Areas. The competition will be run under the auspices of the St. branch of the S.J.A.A., of which the donor is President. A second trophy, to be held by the runners-up, has been presented by Selfridge & Co. Ltd., of O xford -street, \V. 1.

According to particulars received it is apparent that the comp et ition will gain the support of the experienced leadi ng teams in the area, and members will welcome the opportunity of ga ining further training in this branch of their work.

Individual pri zes will be given to members of the winning team and also certificates of honour to all teams who compete in the final, which will be held on Thursday, April 7th, 1938, at the Portman Rooms.

It is anticipated that a large number of teams will compete and that eliminating tests will be necessar y . These will take place in the evenings at dates to be decided.

Full particulars and conditions of entry can be obtained from the Hon. Secretary, \1r. W. V. M. Allen, Western Distril,,:t Post Office, London, \i\T.1.

Welsh Inter-Rai lway Comp et ition

TEAM TEST,

You are going along a road on a very foggy

.

7'/s/bi'lif) tizree J1ords, when h ea r a motor ca.r cra,sh 1I1to railw ay cro sing gates , ",hl c h are closed aga1l1st It, and o\'e rturn on i ts side.

R ap idly get to accident. , :

Ouick examination of ratlents and Sit u a tion

Turn of[ petrol ,.

Notice glass all O\'er the pla ce Speak to patients. answer

Both patients brpath1l1g

One patient bleeding badly from head and arm

R emo\'e r apid ly from car and out of danger

Control temporal a r tery pressure r Olnt

Tourniquet round eac h forearm

e nd one bearer to igna l box (out of sig-ht in fog, 100 yd ), f minute ,

Shout to Slanalman to try and h)l'dll' hlill

Proper 10 doctor, '; mile

H ospita l, miles

\m bulance, 3t miles

Breakdowll gallg-, etc.

Two men to relllll\e other patil.·nl f!'llm car <111<.1 ,)lI1 llf danger

CO\'er warmly on seaL and With rug.; frl)m car

Careful llf patient :\ ,). 2

Speak to him-no an \\'t'r

Bruise on forehead

1 0 uneven .. . No \·i iblc

Puls e-qu ick and \\'eak

Face - p<l le

Breath in!{-shallo\\'

Pupil<;-normal

La\' Ilat

Coid pad to head ... of rest of hod:-

Fractured sternum-lillk disp1.lCCI11L'l1t (tIl hl' 1,ILllld when patient is uncon<;ciou<;)

No other parts injured ..,.. ,

Cndo tight clothing and place patlC'nt In ea.:;\, P,):>llll1n

Keep warm and watch pulse.

PaLient and regains conSClOusne..,s In 12 minutes

Ask him where p(\in is, I n head and chest

If fractured sternum now found

Patient 1. Clean lingers

Clean wound on forehead \viL h iodine

Pad and bandage properly adjusted

Wound on right wrist cleaned

Pad and bandage properly adjusted

T ourniquet removed

vVound on left wrist cleaned

Pad and bandage

Tourniquet removed ."

PaLiellt recovers consciousness (10 mInutes).

Give water to sip , Keep warm on car seat and ru gs

WaLch pulse and breathing ,.,

Prepare sLretcher

Load one pati e n on stretcher.,.

R emove to h ouse (70 yards aw(\y) minut es

Return rapidly

Load other patient on st r etc h er

Remove to h ouse

vVatch for h cclllo rrh age on c u t patient

vVatch for unconscious sLate in both

General sma rtn ess and grasp of the situat io n

A.R.P. "Train " -ing Uni t .

T HE London, Midland and Scottish Railway has se t the fashion in A. R. P. by building at thei r works at Wolverton a mobile unit consisting of tW O specially equipped coaches. One coach is li tted as a lecture room whilst the other is for dec ontamination purposes.

The latter compartment is fully equipped and 0ntry is through an air-lock. It has fitted a hot \ a ter system, hath room wi th shower baths and cc ommodation includes undressing and dressing ao m.

The lecture hall has accommodation for a 1 lass of ':=;0 and eq u ipmen t i ncl udes respi rators, ra tective clothing, charts, etc.

Inf ection of Fingers and Hands.

the course of a post - graduate lecture de l ivered to medical practitioners at St. Mary's Hospital, London, W . , by Mr. R. 1. Handfield -Jones, :\1.C., M.S.Lond., F . R.C.S . Eng . , surgeon to out-patients at the hospital, and published in The Lancet, the lectllrer said :-

\ i\Te have had during the last year the sad experience of losing one of our most brilliant young surgeons as the result of a slight prick of one finger. It should need no such tragedy to bring home to us the vital importance of these in fec[ions. I ask each one of you to pictu r e yourselves lying in bed with an infected hand and forearm. Three days ago you had a simple

The unit i , we understand, to be sent to outIng districts wh ere members of the L.M S. staff \' 10 have been selected will receive training in R. P. work.

The L,:\I.S. are taking up this new training hry seriously and lectures are to be given in large tcwns, and approximately 23,000 employees will rt. eiv e tuition in the subject in additinn to those Wl10 are to obtain their knowledge through the use of the mobile unit.

A danc e is being held on Saturday, February 5th, at th e N. \V Hackn ey Town lIall, t\Iare-street, E.8, in aid of th e funds of the '0 . 30 Ambulance and No. 70 Nursing Divisions of the S.]. A. B. Th e r e will be an all-star cabaret and 'a luahle prizes. Ti c ket s are 2/- each, obtainable fr0111 fl l ss Ruder man, 26, Victoria Pnrk-road, Ha c kney, E.9.

infection in the distal segment of the finger, of which you thought little, and to - day, feeling desperately ill, yo u face the horror of a spreading lymphangitis up your forearm and arm, and you dare not think of the possibilities which may lie ahead. If I have filled your thoughts wi t h something of the anxiety that you would feel, let m e ask you to regard every patient with a septic finger in a similar light. If you do you will nev er aga i n look upon it as a trifle of m i nor surgery.

PHOPHYL CTIC TREATMENT OF HA D I JURIES

Statistics show that hand inju r ies a re ve r y common in industria l workers, but that pe r mane n t disab ility is due to the resultant infect ion r ath er than to the traumatic des tr uction of tissue. The trivial wounds, such as are produced by a rose thorn, a spl inter of wood, or a need le, are, however, of even more sinister import, for in the m a

J nt erior of the Lecture Coach

virulent organism may be implanted and little or no drainage is provided. 'Ve face Ollr own peculiar dangers in the surgery, the operating theatre, and the post-mortem room. The steps to be taken after an i nj ury to the finger or hand are as follows :-

1. Cease all ·work - This may appear quite unnecessarily fussy, but the loss of part of a day's work is preferable to weeks of sepsis.

2. Encozwage bleed-ing.-The immediate concern of the victi m and of the on lookers is to stop the bleeding, the very worst thing to do. Bleeding will wash out organisms from the depth of the wound as nothing else can do. If there is little bleeding or it has stopped, it should be encouraged by holding the part under a stream of very hot water and bandaging the arm to obtain venous congestion. Brisk oozing should be allowed to continue for two minutes.

3. Cleanse the ·wound.-If the hand was clean at the time of injury it should be thoroughly washed; if it was dirty, as it often must be in many occupations, more harm than good is done by washing. The injured part is then placed in a bath of (neat) tincture of iodine for five minutes, the edges of the wound being separated to allow free access of iodine. Dabbing with a swab of iodine is futile.

4. A stenle dl"ess-ing is applied, and great care must be taken to ensure that the bandage is loose so that there is no interference with the flow of blood.

S. Immobzl-ise the arm -in a sling till bedtime. Then spend 12 hours in bed with a sedative to be certain of long sleep. This completes the prophylactic treatment, and if in the morning there is pain, swelling, tenderness, or throbbing a surgical opinion should be sought without delay.

I t may be asked how we are to deal wi th those penetrating wounds, which are so likely to affect ourselves, such as a deep prick with a needle. It is difficult to disinfect such a wound for the point of entry is minute and the track is very quickly sealed. If possible the puncture must be made to bleed and the immediaie application of the arm compressor of the sphygmomanometer should be utilised and all the foregoing instructions carried out. If there is the sl ightest uou bt about the presence of infection at the time, I strongly advise an intramuscular injection of S ccm. Prontosil to be given at once, and repeated every twelve hours for two days.

The issue in these serious cases is determined by the conflict between the virulence of the organism and the resistance of the patient. It is worth remembering in this connection that we owe a duty to ourselves as well as to our work, and that a regular annual holiday is worth more than any

AID

number of sick insurance premiums of whatever value. A time comes when the steady application to work without a break ceases to be praise-worthy and inspires only a pity for the intellectual frailt y which so misjudges the true values of life.

The lecturer then described the various forms of infections: (1) That affecting the distal segment of the fingers; (2) acute lymphangitis, almost invariably streptococcal in origin, the organisms being introduced by a trivial prick usually in the distal segment of the finger i (3) tendon sheath infection and fascial space abscesses in the palm, giving the clinical picture and general technique in treatment in each case. Thus in tendon sheath infections, we read, the symptoms and signs are :-

1. Throbbing pain in the affected area.

2. Symmetr£caZ enlarJ;ement of the whol e finger.

3. Exqu-is£te tenderness over the course of th e sheath.

4. G1'eat pa£n on full extension of the fi n aer.

5. The finger IS held in moderate flexion a t all joillts.

CLI I AL PICTURE.

The clinical picture will include the primar y infection to which the teno-synovitis is secondar y, the onset of which is marked by a spread of th e local signs and a marked deterioration in th e general co:-:dition of the patient.

FIRST Coming Events.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or forthco ming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

J ANUARY.

2 1. - TIospitaller' Club l eeting, Bonnington Hotel, London.

n - Durham, Cleveland and \Veslmorland "Donald Bain " Divisional Competitions.

25. o. 9 District Pol icc "Pim" Trophy Competit ion s, Peel IIouse, London.

FEBRL'AR\,.

·t. Central -\rca No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, J. \ E., ,\nnual ocial, Shoreditch Town Hall.

5 - Eastern Area o. 1 District, S.].A.B., .-\nnual Competitions, Latham Road chools, East Ham.

5 - Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland "Elizabeth Gain" Di\ isional Competitions.

.=; and 6.-All-England \ R. r. Course .].A. B., Great Central Hotel, London.

5 30 .\mbulance and 76 Nuring Division, No.1

Oi trict, .J \. E., Dance, r\e\\ Hackney Town Hall.

lJ. TI ull District, L. &.. E. R . Annual Competitions.

fl. - lratford District r,.:-\. E. R. Challenge Shield Competitions.

11. lIo pilallers' lub :\Ieeting, Bonnington Irotel, London.

12. "G. G. Le\\'is" Cur ompetion for Ambulance Oi\ is ion , hirehall, \\'orcesler.

1... Leeds District, L. E. R., Annual Competitions.

15 Cinco Lcct Jr , Dig stion" and "Care of :\finor \\ ounds," \\'ood-Ianc c hools, Dag-cnham. Open to all.

1CJ.- P. R. C. Blood Tran fusion en' ice .\nnual Dinner, lIolborn Hall.

1<).- Durham, IC\ eland and \\'estmorland Districts Ambulance Leaguc Final Competitions, Durham.

19.- IIo ritaller Club. nnual Dinner, onnaught Rooms. "'\[rs. Davis" ompelitions for Divi ions, hirehall, \\ oreester.

1l). \Iiddlesbrough [)istrict, L. L 0:.E.R., \nnual Competition.

2S. first ational \Velsh .\mbuln.nce ane Nursing Cadets Competition, Cardin'.

25.- Poli ce ;"\ational Competition l;in(1.l, Central IIall, \\'esLl11instcr, S. \\ '. I.

i\1.\RClI.

2. :'Ilidland and Great Joint Linc Annual ("0111 peti tions, Torwich

2. York District, L. L' N. E.R., Annual Competitions.

5.- ewcastle "

19,- Darlington "

INVALUABLE TO

In spite of its name (( The Family Physician" is a book which will be found invaluable by all connected with First Aid or Ambulance work.

The Editor, Douglas Hay Scott, M.B., Ch.B., is a lecturer in First-Aid, Hygiene, Home Nursing, Anatomy and advanced Physiology at Morley College, Lo ldon, and First-Aid Commandant, Surrey Cadet Brigade. Formerly he was County Director, British Red Cross Society, City of Dundee, and Lecturer and Examiner in First Aid and Home Nursing, St. Andrews Ambulance Association. He has taken great care in compiling this work and has been assisted by other weIlknown medical men to ensure that the information given is absolutely authoritative.

SOME OF THE SUBJECTS.

First Aid-Home Nursing-Hygiene-Drugs

-The Giving of Medicines-Electricity and Medicine-Anatomy and Physiology-Physical Culture --General Diseases-Infectious Diseases-Diseases of the Heart, Blood, Digestive System, Urinary System, Respiratory System, Eye and Ear, Skin, Nervous System, Ductless Glands-Vitamin-Deficiency Diseases - Diseases due to Impaired Metabolism-Diseases of the Bone-Diseases of the Joints, etc., etc.

FIRST AID.

The section on First Aid constitutes a com plete manual of "First Aid" work. The chapters on " Fractures," "D islocations and Sprai ns," and " Bandaging and Slings," have been written by one of the foremost medical authorities on the subject, and are profusely illustrated with X-Ray and other photographs and diagrams. AN OPINION.

Mr. A. Squires, Street, Nottingham, writes :-

" 'The Family Physician' is a \\'ork needed in Ambulance Divisions. I find none to compare with it, and I have recommended your book to all our men intere ted in FirstAid ,,vork I cannot obtain anything like it for the price charged "

SEND FOR PARTICULARS.

To The Caxton Publishing Co. Ltd., 46 Clun House, Surrey Street, London, W.C.2

Please send me, free of cbarge, fu II particulars of "The Family Physician."

League.

Does your colleague read FI RS T AID, if not, send us his address &nd we will post him a copy,

A outhern Railway team won the ,. Chatham and Dis trict" shield at the annual competitions which took place last month. Dr. W. H. oble and Dr. H. ]. Hoby judged the tests. The Kent County Constabulary team actually gain ed the highest marks but they were not eliO'ible and rnte red the competition for practice purposes only. 1">

Nanle.....................

Send this form in unsealed envelope (id. stamp) or a postcard. \ddress

lJ.4- '"

Mr. George Watkin, Secretary of the Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland District Ambulance

Our Nurses' Pages. e

COMPILED BY AN AMBULANCE SI STER.

\-Vith regard to uniform of Officers and mernbers of the • t. John Ambulance Brigade, the St. John Cross,S inches square, will in future be outlined in black on the centre of the bib of the apron. Transfers of this cross can be obtained from the Stores Department, St. John Ambulance \ssociation, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E. C.1.

Permission is granted for prospecti\'e members of nursing divisions to wear uniform wit/LOut badges until they have obtained both first aid and home nursing- certificates. This applies only to those who have signed Form B. F. 1 N. a probationers.

No.1 DISTR1CT, .J.A.B.

A course of lectures for women on home nur ing will begin at District Headquarters, 10, Briset-street, E.C.1, on \Vednesday, January 19th, at 6.30 p. m. (enrolment at 6 p. m.) and continue on subsequent Wednesdays. The lecturer will he Nursing Officer ;\liss Susavitch. Fpe for the course, including the examination, 3 6. Application for enrolment to be made to Lady District Offi ce r liss l\1rlS on, 69, Fellows-road, N. \\'. 3.

SOUTHERN AREA.-A bazaar in aid of the funds of No. 69 Nursing Division was opened by the i\Iayor of Le\vi ham, Alderman C. H. Dodd, J.P., at the Vale Sanctuary, Loampitvale, Lewisham, on Saturday, December 11th. 1\1rs.

A. E. \Vebb, ex-l\1ayoress of Lewisham, President of the Division, was in the chair, and mentioned that she had seen the Division grow from small beginings.

The 1ayor said that he was parti c ularly pleased to open the bazaar because most of the kind of functions which he attended were to raise money for the particular community concerned. The St. John Ambulance Sisters .vorked for the whole community. He felt that they, who occupied their leisure time in fitting themsel ves to help their fellow creatures, especially merited support. All \\'e re indebted to them for what they were doing, and had done, and appreciated their intentions for the future. He felt it was a great thing to be able to do something in times of emergency, and he wished them every success.

The Mayor was accompanied by the Mayoress, Miss Dodd, to whom a bouquet was presented.

Alderman Hayes proposed a vote of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress, and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Pearce, in seconding this motion, spoke of the hard work the Sisters put in to equip themselves.

Among those present were Mrs. Hayes. Vice-President; Lady District Officer Grindley, Corps Supt. A. Green, Ir. G. Carpenter, Supt., Lewisham Di v ision, and Corps Officer filler.

CENTRAL AREA. - The « Hammer" cup competition (:\IacFadden Preliminary) was held on Dec e mber 9th, at District Headquarters, the judge being Dr. Basil Steele. The results were 1, No 28, (Civil Service) Nursing

Division, marks; 2, No. 3C) (Temple) Nursing- Division , 197. The winners repre ent Area in t he district final s

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J \.B.

CHELTENHA;\I CORPs. - Nursing Divisions of the Cheltenham Corps held their annual competitions at the Ambulan ce Headquarters before a good audience, including Lad y County OOicer 1\1 iss Faber, Oi\,. urgeon Dr G\\'endolin e Brown and Dr. Bruce \VaJlace, 1\frs. \\ 'a llace , upl. Thor n. bury, Lady Oi\ Supl. l\1r. Little, and adet. upt. Barnfield.

The chair was taken by Corp upt. the Re,. <... Cou ens Pet c h, supported by Lady Corps Supt. '\Ii Carrick. After announcing- the results, the chairman inlnd uced J [iss Popham, Princi pal of helten ham Ladi c,,' Colleg-e, and expressed pleasure at her pn:.'s0nce.

Iiss Popham said she was very pleac:;ed to be with thel11 and to present the trophic, as she \\'a keenl intere sted in the nursing- profes ion, especially as a usl'ful career fur women. She then handl d the trophic to the followin g winner :-

Team Trophy. -C heltenhum Central :\ursing Oi,i"i l)11 160 marks; runner -up. Cheltenham ur ing- Oi\'i ion, 1 of.

Individual First Aid and IIome :'-:ursing.-C up f( r eniors, '\liss Wiggins (C.:-.J. D.), mark.. Cup f r Juniors, l\liss Trimmer (e.c. .n .), 104 marks. Cup f r Recruits, '\liss Leyland (C.:\. D.), 46 marks. ,\ttelldance Bowl. - \liss f);l\i es (C.C.:\.D.) and Mr s. J. Taylor (C. D .).

Lady County Officer [i ss Faber presented the Sen ic Medal for 15 years' ellicient sen'ice, to Lady Ambula nce OITi ce r Miss Shipway and Div. upt. Thornbury.

The judges for the te 1 were Dr. Pollard, first aid , fiss Price, home nur ing, for team test; Dr. Gras sie, individual first aid; Dr. G. Billings, individual home nUl sing. They gave useful critici ms and prai e for the wor k of the competitors.

A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to l\liss Poph am, the judges, and all who llad assisted on the motion of L ad) County Officer Miss Faber .

No. 3 DISTR1CT, S.]. A. B.

WOLVERIIAMPTON NURS1NG DI\'ISlON.-Presentation s of certificates were made by Lady Div. Supt. l\T rs. Delaney al the Old Farmhouse, Bu hbury Hill, to members of the Ladies' Afternoon Class who had passed the first aid examination

On behalf of the members of the class, r rs. \V. Hic ks of the National Council of \Vomen, presented g-ifts (u Dr. A. Byrne-Quinn, the lecturer; Mrs. Delaney, demonstrat or; and Mrs. Warnock, class secretary.

o. 4 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B ASHTON NURSING DI\! ISION. - Presentations of awards to members of thi$ Division took place 011 December 111h ;

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The winner ot the silver cup, presented by 1\1 rs. H. \\ 'instan le y, for competion in efficiency, was won by liss A. Dow lin 0'.

Before the cup was handed to Miss Dowling by Irs. Warne, the Lady Div. upt. recei\"ed it on behalf of the Division from the Rev. T. H. \.Varne.

The runner-up in the competition was 1\lr. Ogden, \"ho received a sih'er spoon.

l\ledalliolJS and certificates were presented by l\li s Dixon, while a surprise item was the gift of the llrst aid cabinet to the Lady Superintendent from members of her Divisioll.

BlRKENlIEAO CENTRAL NURSING Dn ISIO '.-For the third year in succession this Divi ion has won the ,. Laird" rose bowl in the Cheshire County Competitions, held on Saturday, December 11th, at Stockport.

Teams from all parts of the County took part in the finals, the preliminar)" tests being held during the previous weeks.

The winning team was under the leadership of ;'\lrs. D. 1. \\ illiams.

NORTH ;\lA:-\CHESTER XliRSING DI\ ISION. -..-\. Guard of Honour of Officers and members was formed at the Silver Jubilee reunion held on Saturday, December 11th, to pay tribute to Irs. Dyson, a former Superintendent.

:\1rs. Dyson had been in charge of the Division until l\Iarch, 1937, when she retired to liye at Rhyl. Though she has been ill and has returned to North l\lanchester to receive greater attention, she was determined to be present, anel was carried into the room, throug-h the Guard of Honour , by members of the Division. She said she had made up her mind to come in order to show how much she appreciated the good wishes of her old comrades.

:'lrs. Dyson ,,'as one of the first mem bers of the Division to ",hich she transferred from Prestwich over 26 years ago. She ,,'as Lady Superintendent for 2S years. did volun, tary " ork at North Manchester hospitals, and was one of the founders of the Nursing Station at Ashley -l ane, l\loston. The esteem in whieh she \'\'as held by her many friends was !>hown in the speeches of \\'elcome made to her.

The re-union ,,,as packed with members and friends, \\ ho took part in a programme of games, dances and entertainment.

The surprise of the was a birthday cake provided by Lady Diy. Surgeon and Supt. Dr. H. R. C. Reid, on which ,,-as displayed the St. John Cross and 2S candles. In the absence of Commissioner \Y. G. Smith, through illness, Lady District Supt. l\Irs. Tweedale lit the candles, and afterwards referred to the excellent work of the North :01anchester Nursing Division during- its 2 S years of service. The cake was cut by I\lrs. Dyson.

Dr. Reid thanked l\lrs. Tweedale, and then a beautiful bouquet was presented to the Lady District Su perintendent by the oldest member of the Division.

There were about 200 guests, whom were _\ssistant Commissioner \V. l\[axwelJ, District Officer Major Burt Hamilton and ,\lrs. Burt Hamilton, Corps Surgeon Capt. Corps Supt. W. E. Naylor and Mrs. Naylor, Lady Corps Supt. E. Hadley, and many Divisional Officers from other units of the Manchester and Salford Corps.

I\n. S DISTRICT, S. J. A.D.

DONCASTER CORPs.-The annual competitions for Nursing Divisions of the Corrs took place at Headquarters on Sundayafternooll, December 19th.

There was very keen competition in the tests set by Di\. Supls. Crosby and Tapson. The winners in the> team test for the" Phillips" cup were l\liss Tapson (leader), the [\fiss es Foster, \Vhee ldon rind Dowers. The other two teams tied for second place.

The" lorris" Coronation cup was won by lis!> Bradlc ) after a second test, the result of the first one being a tie with liss Tapson.

The trophies will be presented at the annual dinner to be held this month.

No. b DIS RICT, S.]. \. B.

J ARROW NURSING DI\ ISION.-At a socia l gathering 0 this Division 1\lr::;. Hendry, wife of the Divisional Surgeon presented A. R. P. and first aid certificates to member.

The" Hishop" trophy was also presented to the winnin ,.., team. This trophy was donated by Dr. J. A. IIi lop sonk years ago and who was at one time a mem ber of the] arro \ Division.

1\liss E. Scurlo ck, on behalf of the Diyi ion and l1lemi1Lr of the class, presented a table cigarette lighter to Dr. J Hendry, as a token of appreciation for hi work in connecti o with the Division

..-\. former Superintender.t of the Division, l\liss 1. 'co I, and upt. H. Hunting, paid tribute to the efliciency of t Nursing Division.

:\0. 8 DISTRICT, -.J \. B. DOVER NUR Il"G C.\OETS.-.\ competIt Ion was lleld thf' Ambulance Headquarters, Dover, on December 8th, fo the Dover Nursing Cadets' Challenge Cup.

The team test \vas :-" A mother, hanging up a pictu re, suddenly bursts a varieo e vein and falls to the noor (t he ladder on top of her) unconsciou and u tain a wound 0, r the left eye. A child rushes out of the hou -creaming fl r help."

Dr. T. J. Nicholl, Corps urgeon, kindly acted as jud h for this, and Lady Ambulance OOlcer :\lr5. \\Tilliam5 marks in a bedmaking- competition.

The prizes were afterwards pre enteel by ,\ 1r!:i. :\ichol1 Team test :- 1, E. West (captain), J. Hocking, E. West, '. \Vhitnall. 2, E. /\bbotl (captain), J \u!:itin, '. Gra\es, I'. L\lay. 3, D. Fox (captain), G. Plumb, J. la), C. HOLkin g. +, D. Brown (captain), 1. Johncock, E .:\ber)', P. Sno\\'. Special Prize by ;\lr. S. W. Plumb, for fir!:it aid. j. Austin.

Special Prize by ;\1r. S. \V. Plumb, for hUI1lt: nursing G. Plumb. Bedmaking.-Cac1cts C. Hocking anel E. Abcry.

ROCIIESTER NUHSINL. DI\ ISION. -This Divi ion llelJ It, flrst annual ball at the Casino, Rochester, on \\'eeln esdcl ), Deccmber 22nd, the proceeds of which were in aid of th first aid hut on London Road.

The event was graciously patoniseel b) the l\1ayor an d 1\layoress of Rochester, Cr. \V. and Miss D. Edmond , Capt. L. F. Plugge, J. P. and Mrs. Plugg-c, and otl1L Brigade Officers and lriends of the Division.

No. 9 DISTRICT, S.J \. B. PARKSTONE NURSING CAOETS.-A Christmas Concer t, under the of Lady Cadet Supt. Mrs. Rawlin son , was given in the Brigade Hall, Parks tone, in aid of th e funds of the Nursing Cadet Division. There was a larg e attendance including Lady Campbell of Canforc1 ClifTs, Lad} County Officer Mrs Lansdown, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs

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Boyle, and Lady Div. upt. 1\1rs. 1\1artyn, who judged tho fancy costumes of the girls. The Re\,. G. E. Boyle made an appeal for financial assistance for this branch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade ertificates were distributed for proficiency in home and child n u rsing, in physical training and organi ed games; also clerical ability and proficiency badges were received by senior cadets N. Roberts and H. Cattle.

Making the presentations, :\lrs. Boyle xplained that the badges were given to cadets attaining proficiency in all these subjects, and that these were the only t\\·o badgE: of this description won in Dorset. She said that the cadets took duty at the St. John hut on the beach at Branksome Chine, and, under the supervision of seniors, they dealt with real injuries and so gained a great deal of practical training to lIt them for transfer to the Nursing Divi ion later.

On behalf of the members, Cadet Peggy Roberts made a presentation of a plated t\\ o-tier cake stand to Mr s Rawlinson, and thanked her for the service she had render d as Lady Cadet Superintendent 1\1rs. Rawlinson thanked the cadets for their unexpected gift, and as ured them lIlat it gave her great pleasure to work for the Di\ ision. She also hea r tedl), thanked Lady Campbell, 1\1r. Lansdown, Mr. and Mrs. Boyle and Mrs. 1\1artyn for attending.

Among other items, musical sketches were a c ted by both junior and senior cadets , and the programme concluded with" Pageant of Carols."

IRISH FREE STATE.

The death of l\liss Violet Sayer, which oc c urred on December 28th, has been received with deep regret by all ranks of the St. ] obn Ambulance Brigade in Southern Ireland.

Miss Sayer, who was a Serving Sister of the Order of St. John, first became known to the Brigade in 1917 when, Secretary to the Our Day Appeal for Red Cross Funds, her ability soon became apparent to the organisers.

The position of Secretary to the entails much responsibility, whicb Miss Sayer assumed with dignity, and carried out the duties with exceptional ability from the date of her appointment in 1924. She was also Secretary to the Irish Centre of the St. John Ambulancl:! Association.

Items, Divisional ne\vs and competitions, social, interesting duties, l e ctures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/ o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannonstreet, London, E.C.4.

A. R. P. Per son nel.

J\IR. LLOYD, Under-Secretary, Home Office, in repl y to a question in the House of Commons last month, said that the scale for the provision of personnel recommended for various services were as follows (per 100,000 of the population) :-

First Aid parties (including stretcher bearers), 4 pe rsons per party, 12-15 parties.

Rescue parties, 6-8 persons per party, 3- 4parties.

Decontamination Squads, 6 persons per squad, 6 squads.

Air-Raid Wardens stationed at "posts," 2 wardens per post, 200 posts.

Practical Points.

The Editor invites Notes on actua l Cases- wilh reference to good and bad poi n ts 10 Treatment-fo r inclusion ,n th is Column.

CIJILD STRANGLED BY S.\FETY STRAP.

The dangers of safety straps fitted to perambulat ors were again emphasised in a case which occurred recently in these parts and ended fatally. i\ muther left her 13-mol1t hs old babY, Robert, cooing happily in his pram and proceed ed to give- her three other children their dinners. \ Vhile she was so engaged, Robert tried to get out of his pram a nd b came entangled in the afety strap The mother scream t d for help; but all attempts to rc\ i\,u the boy wC're unsuccessf ul.

- J. G. (Elstree).

SOLDIER HI rTEN Il) .\I)I)EIL

The need for prompt action in the treatment ot ad d r biles was well exemplified the oth e r day when a oldieI' 1/1 camp at Porlock, De\'on, picked up \\ hat he thought wa a harmless grass snake and was in tantly bitten in a Ilng lr. lIe' then sa\\' that he had picked up an adder. 0 '.e immediately cut away the l1esh round the w(lund and su cked it, which a c tion, in the opinion of the doctor \\'ho uh. equently took charge, undoubtedly sa\' cd his life. IIe wa s at once relllon:d to hospital ,,·here he was furth e r tr ated \\, i·h special anti-venom s erum which was rushed from Lond on.

- N. P. (Porlock)

The new headquarters of the Do\\ nhalJ1 :'Ilarket lIJ en's and women's B. R.C.S. detachments opened last llI onth by County Director 1\1 rs. argent.

NorthIleet Council , following the receipt of a letter from the Northl1eet Division of the S.].A.B., ha\eagreed to m ake a contribution of £75 towards the divisional fund

FO U ND. - A silver medallion ;-"0. 280-+6-+, in the lI aksowen District. Owner can obtain on applicatio n hl 1'1r. 'V. Heath, Rose Villas, Corngrca\'e s -raad , Crad ey Heath, Staffs.

The annual competition for the" Sir Edwin ,\1111 " LUP was held on December 11lh al Derb.>. Team frol11 al l parts of Derbyshire competed, the first and ccond pl alcs being gained by teams frol11 Grassl1l0or Colliery.

A carni\"al dance was held on Saturday, December 1S'h, by the 21st Ambulance and the 75th Divisions of the S.J.A.B. The Assistant Commis ioner, Capl. _\. C. W h te Knox, and :\lrs. \Vhite Knox were among the large comp a 1)" present.

The final of the inter-works tirst aid competitions of the United Steel Companies Ltd., took place last month at Rotherham. Dr. K. H. Be verley adjudicated, his placi ngs being 1, Workington, Rowrah Hall "B" eam ; 2nd, S. Fox & Co. 's coke-m' en team; 3rd, Rother Vale, Thur crLlf t No. 1 team; -+th, Applehy - Frodinghar, .\ppleby I\l ills Thirty-seven teams ent.ered originally anrl tbe four fe ams named contested the finaL

THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

A 'ew 0' the treated:Subjects

First Aid

How to Treat Accidents

Influenza, Colds, etc.

Measles, Mumps

Treating Diseases by Water

"Herb" Root and Salt Remedies.

Corns and Warts

Dieting for Disease

Treatments for Beauty

Physical Culture

Exercises for all Purposes

W hat to Do in Emergencies

Treatment for all Skin Diseases

How to read Symptoms

The Lungs

Pleurisy

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

The Principles of Nursing

Invalid Cookery

Surgical Diseases

Brain and Nervous Diseases

Diseases of Old Age

Diseases of Infancy

The Principles of Phrenology

Shingled and Bobbed Hair

Diseases of Hair and Head

The Diseases of Men, Women

Adenoids

Sleep , Beds and Bedding

The Eye , the Ear

The Throat, the Nose

0:

illustrations

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M OTHERS who wish their daughters to develop naturally will find exactly the teaching they need.

WO MEN OVER 40 will find their difficulties regarding health, frankly discussed.

There are hundreds of subjects of value in all. The muscles, teeth, digestion,' hair, food value, Ju- Jitsu, phrenology. How to diagnose disease, from appearance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, perspiration , etc.

The Chest , the Heart

The Stomach, the Liver

The Teeth, the Muscles

Infant Welfare

The Expectant Mother

Happy Motherhood

Hom<Epathy

Neuras t henia

Anatomical Models

Family Medicine Chest

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED

" have ga i ne d 100 °1 in e a c h o f th e 8 test exam - "Very pleased and with same. They are i nations . .. th e knowledg e of w h ic h I att r but e to written and explained so plalnly that I am sure every one y our volum e s , I have yet to meet my defeat in AMBULANCE who studies them must understand, and, again, the III usEXAMINATIONS." t rations are so true that anyone who had no

"I am delighted with C The HouseholdIPhysician,' and as knowledge at all about the particular disease the I am an ambulance man, I can appreciate them to their fullest diagram illustrates , would surely recognise it when extent. They are worth twice the i r cos t " seen on anyone ."

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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules ;i. - Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left-hand corner of the envelope" Query," a nd addressed to FIRST Am, Can non-street, London, E .C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query C o up on" cut from the current issue of the Journal, o r , in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.]. A. A l\Ianual of First Aid.

TREAT1">IENT OF TEAM TEST.

]. R. (Cummock, Ayrshire).-vVill you please set out in detail the correct treatment in the following team test which was set in the S.A.A.A. Competition?

"The squad will render 6rst aid to Bea r er No.5 ""ho has sustained a scalp wound in the occipital region, a dislocation of the right shoulder and a compo un? fracture of the left tibia."

With regret I cannot accede to your request (1) because the card of instruction is incomplete with reference to variety of wound, surroundings and equipment available, and (2) because the preparation of a detailed marking sheet would keep me busy for two or three hours.

To me, the test is simple and straightforward; and the missing details of the card of instruction would be supplied either by the staging of the test or by the surgeon-Ju d ge. Of course, after taking steps to prevent movements of a patient and to protect from further shock, you would first treat the wound in occipital region which was presumably accompanied by arterial bleeding. This done, you wo uld dress the wound and control the compound fracture of tibia, and later the dislocated elbow.

If, however you have any special difficulty and will let me know what it is, I shall be pleased to answer your further query.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

1. R. (Cannon St.) - In a recent exam in ation I asked one candidate how he would test the heat of the bath which he might use as part of his treatment of a chil d in co nvulsions. I was flummoxed when he r eplied ;" Tf7ith a clim·cal thermometer! "

Good! Ne-xt, please! !- N.C. F.

TREATMENT OF MUSCULAR STRAINS

].H. (Feltham). - Will you please help us to settle a query raised at a recent Divisional meeting, and te ll us why is it we are instructed to use hot and cold alternately for a sprain, yet hot only for a st rain ? It was s ugg este d that the difference might be in the parts to be soothe dligaments or muscle fibre. We thank you for many interesting and useful of knowledge from you r column15.

AID

Your s ug gestion is correct. The app li cation of cold i. useful with injuri es which are accompanied by effusion of blood, f ur ther escape of v;hic;, is restricted by co ld Conseq uentl y, this treatment is serviceable only for the firs t twenty-fo ur hours after an accident.-N.C. F

FROM INTERNAL

F. G (Bla in a, l onmouth hire) -P lease will you tell me if, in the treatment of collapse, consequent on hremorrhag e from an internal organ, the application of a tourniquet would effect the same purpose as bandaging the limbs?

I know that the Textbook tells us to bandage the limbs; but some of my colleagues maintain that a to urni quet would the same purpose.

Your co lleagues err in their claims. Th e objects t f treatment are to cut ofT as much of the general circulatior as possible and so to limil the work which the heart has to to perform in these circumstances. Consequently, the tourniquet would be useless for this purpose.- N. C. F.

ACTIO OF TINCTURE OF IODINE.

P.S. {Brighton).-Please be good enough to tell me Tincture of Iodine, applied to a wound, has any actit in limiting or increasing the Aow of blood therefrom.

Tincture ot Iodine is used for its antiseptic properties and h as no effect on the escaping blood when it is painted on wound. It may, however, seem to limit the Ao\'" wi 1 wounds accompanied by .:ap illary bleeding; but acti, 1 is attributable to the spirit in which the Iodine is dissolved Incidentally, it is rumoured that Tin cture of Iodine \\' II not be recommended in the next Edition of the Textbo ok. In these circumstances it is intere st in g to note that at a recent Conference of urgeons surgical (or methylat eL) spirit was accepted as the ideal emergency antiseptic.-,

TREATMENT OF BURST V,\RICOSE VEl

M. P. (Coventry).-Recently I had occasion to treat a pati e for a burst varicose vein and was taken to task by t " doctor who subsequently took charge because I had nl painted the wound with Tincture of Iodine. 1 told hi that I had not done so becau e the Textbook (p. 115) 1 silent on this point and because I thought that appli cation of Tincture of Iodine might cause imftamatio n The doctor told me that this was a mistake and th a Tincture of Iodine, properly applied (that is, paint ed once over wound and surrounding skin) would do n) harm and that it should be used with burst varico se vein as for any other kind of wound. In these circum stances, I shall welcome your ruling on this point.

I agree entirely with what the doctor said.-N.C.F.

HUMOUR IN FIRST AID.

G.C. (S urb iton).-A doctor driving along a country ro ad came across a first aider attending- to a patient who was s uffering from a fractured femur. When the doctor offere d his services, the first aider replied :-" J waited I8 years for such a job as this and 1'111 not going to it up now /" T ab eau 1

Good! Next, please!

!-N C.F.

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Whist Drive , Dance and Dinner Tickets, Scent Cards &c., &c ., a Special ity Forward Your Next E.nquiry to : 80, George Street, Portman Square, London, W.I. Telephone WELBECK 8001. Commerciol and General Printing of Every Description.

SPECIALISTS IN AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS

• INSTRUCTIONAL APPLIANCES.

Smelling and Visual Cases of War Gases (as supplied to His Majesty's Government).

Coloured Charts showingwhere War Gases 8 the human bodY. Gas Protective Clothing. Gas Protective Helmets. __ Gas Masks. Gas and Incendiary Bombs. Redhill Containers, approved pattern. Stirrup pattern. Dr. Pani s Resuscitators, etc.

Particular. and Prices on applicationROBERTS, MCLEAN & CO., L TO. (Anti-Gas and Fire Protection Engineers) 4, Lloyds Avenue, LONDON, E.C.3. 'Phone: Royal 4186

TilE l'NCONSCIOUS STArE.

N.S. (Cardirf).-Apart trom the tatement that Insen ibility means " los. of consciousness " the Textbook (p.155) make no attempt to explain the unconscious state. J n these circumstance I shall be grateful if you will explain exactly wl·.at happens when a person loses consciousness.

As a matter of fact, the term" insensibility" signifies a condition in which there is loss of feeling. I n other words. the brain has ceased to carry out its normal functions which include two parts-the higher life '."ith freedom of thought and action, and the lower (or animal) life for which the vital function of breathing and circulation are sufficient over a variable period.

\Vhen, therefore, insensibility takes place, the higher centres of the brain are thrown out of action at once; but the lower ones-especially those ,,,hich control breathing and circulation-may still be able to do their work.

Insensibility may be partial or complete, and presents three (not two as is so often stated by randidates in examination) degrees-namely, sleep (from which the patient may easily be aroused), rtupor (from which the patient may only be roused with difficulty), and coma (from which the patient cannot be roused until, at least, the active cause abates its effects).

Incidentally, among the causes of insensibility named in the Textbook (p. 157) there is only one in which the insensibility is (and must always be) sudden and complete; and that is Epilepsy. In all the remaining causes the insensibility may be partial or complete.- T.C.F.

BRIGADE FINALS AND THE TEXTBOOK.

S. R. (Buxton).-Rumour has it that a new edition of the Textbook is about to be published. If this happens, how will it affect Brigade Finals for the present year?

It will hardly be fair to use the new Textbook with its probably numerous alterations for the preparation of tests for these competitions. Your observations on this point will be appreciated

A revised Textbook will call for close study by lecturers and students alike. Consequently when the last edition was issued, the powers-that-be ordered a period of grace lasting six months during which the instructions of either edition were acceptable. So personally I anticipate that Brigade Finals this year will be judged on the 1928 edition of the Textbook, more especially as many of the preliminary contests have already been held.-N.C. F.

AIDS TO LE CTURERS.

R.C. (London). - I have recently accepted an invitation to give a course of lectures in first aid under thE: auspices of the Association. Being quite new to the work, I presume to ask your advice and help. What is the standard at which one aims, and are there any useful aids for novitiate surgeon-lecturers?

If you wiJl study and stick closely to the instructions of the official Textbook, you will not go far wrong. Most of us in our early days as lecturers are inclined to teach what we believe to be right, forgetting that our students will be examined and judged on the instructions as set out in the Textbook. Further, at the beginning of the Textbook there is a syllabus setting out the subject matter for each lecture. This you will find most useful for drafting out your lectures. For the rest, select every-day words, do not hesitate to repeat essential facts or make free use of the blackboard.N.C.F.

TlmATl\IENT Of' FRAC'TlJf<ED PELVIS.

S. E. (Westclifr). I n the treatment of Fractured Pelvis th ' Textbook (p. 72) tells to apply bandages r ound knees and ankl s. \\ ill you, therefore (1) please tell me in which Pl) ition the knots should be tied, th e re being no splint on which \ve can tie our knots? Al so,

(2) please tell me if the bandage round the ankles shoul d be tied like Bandage "D" in th treatment of Fra\': tured Femur (p. 74) or round the ankles only.

(1) The best position in which you should tie the kn ots round hips, knees and ankles in your treatment of Fractur ed Pelvis, is without douht in the middle line anteriorly wh ere the knots will produc no pressur efTects and can be m ore easily untied.

(2) Personally I prefer to apply the bandage ro u nd ankles as a figure-of-eight and to tie it off beneath the feet If, however, we adhere strictly to the \\ ords of the then round ankles only i the correct method. N F. •

Posters for Pu bl icity.

FOLLOWl G the request of many users a new size has been introduced in the Stock Posters ad \ertised in this Journal. In addition, owin a to increased demands, we have been able to red t <:e slightly the price of the small poster from 2/6 to 2/3 per dozen, post free.

The new sIze IS a double-crown, whic h measures 30in. by 20in., and we feel sure u s(rs will find this a very acceptable size, and the [1 f1ce (3 / 3 per dozen, post free) very rea onable.

The three sizes now available ar : La pe, 40 in. by 23 in.; l\Iedium, 30 in, by 20 in. ; m 111 , 20 in. by 12 in; the prices being 4 / -, 3 / 3 and 2/ 3 per dozen, post free, respectively.

Remittances and orders should be sen t to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon tr eet , London, E.C.4.

New Textuook of the St. John Ambulance Association.

JUST as this issue goes to press we are infor med that the 39th ed ition of the Official Textboo k J f the St. John Ambulance AS30ciation is now p ublished. A review on same will appear in ou r February issue.

Owing to increased costs of production a nd to the fact that it is slightly larger in size the pn ce of the new edition has reluctantly been increas ed to 2/ - per copy. We would mention that read ers will find many new features in the book and so me excellent illustrations, including reproductio ns of X-ray photographs.

Copies are obtainable from the Stores Depa rtment, St. John'S Gate, E. C.1.

FIRST

, Don't! You're hurting me!'

See to it that - as often as possible - any antiseptic dressing for the skin is soollzing as well a antiseptic. S uch a dressing is Sphagnol ointment, which contains a ll antis.eptic distillate of peat. and which is cooling and c omforting from the firsL touch. Always have a tin of this , kind-to-the-skin' ointment ready to hand. Sphagnol cos ts 1/ 3, and (extra tin) 2/ -.

Products (Sphagnol) Ltd., Dept. F.II., 21, Bush Lane, London, E.C.4.

ADAM, ROUILLY & co.,

Human Articulated & Disarticulated Skeletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pelves & Freta! Skulls, Upper & Lower E.xtremities, Feet, Hands & Loose Bones of every description.

Anatomical Models & Wall Charts,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

16th

some

TO

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(Size 2ft. 2 in. by 3 ft. 4 in.) Enlarged from the Illustrations in the above handbook. Invaluable for Lectures.

Complete Set of 19 sheets on tough cartridge paper, with Roller, 42 - net. Post 9d. or on Linen 70 / - net. Post 1 -. by the War Office, Admiralty, British Red Cross SOClety, etc.

:' Will be (ound most useful. The diagrams are clear and good, and the subJects have been selected with judgment. May be confidently recommended."

-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

I5t1, Edition. Pocket size. 250 pp 87 Illus Cloth, 3/6 net. Postage 2d.

PYE'S ELEMENTARY BANDAGING AND SURGICAL DRESSING.

Wilh directions con cerning the immediate trealment of cases of emergen c y. FOR THE USE OF DRE S SERS AND NURSES.

Re\ised by A. J. COKKINI8, M.B., F.R.C.S.

"A complele to the proper management of emergency cases, and lhe best and eaSIest methods of bandaging and applying splints.E dltt Med. ! our.

JOHN WRIGHT & SONS Ltd., BRISTOL

Makers: POTTER'S 36/38, West Street, Charing Cross Road. LONDON, W.C.2. BAND GUIDE

Giving hints on the Bugle, Drum and Flute. also Parade Forma· tions. use of Parade Cane, Staff. etc .• free and post paid.

ALLMAN'S OCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

Size 6" x 3f' (Plates 7" x 6").

Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings.

Contains an anatomical description of the plates and th e arrangements and physiological functions at the H u;nan Body, atranged ID manikin form. A valuable Atlas for First Aid Students. Price 1/6 (post free).

MANUAL of INSTRUCTION for the ROYAL NAVAL SICK BERTH STAFF

I I·

This publication provides a complele general account of firstcaid and nursing practice. It gh'es in concise form a general review of anatom) and physiology of the human frame and deals also with bacteriology and the various types of disease and ill - health and thtlr treatment.

There are chapters on; -

mFLAMATION GENERAL NURSING

HAEMORRHAGE BANDAGING

WOUNDS FEVERS

FRACTURES AND DIS- GENERAL DISEASES

LOCATIONS ANAESTHETICS

POISONS PHARMACY AND DrsPEN-

AsPHYXIA SING

INSENSIBILITY COOKING FOR THE SICK

Notes are also given on instrl.lments and their care. The work is fully indexed and should be an invaluable handbook for a1l concerned in first-aid and nursing work.

Price--4s. net. Post Free 4s 5d. H. M.

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K.B .E., LL.D., C.:l1., F.R.C.S., D. P.H.R.C. P. 7 net; post fre e.

A BO VE ar e the three reasons w hyGermolene Ointment has been u ni v ersally accepted as the finest sk i n healer obtainable. Its unique , A se ptic ·' action offers y ou the undoubted adv antage o f PAIN-FREE

septics. This is appreciated most in dealing with children. Many medical authorities use and recommend Germolene Ointmentcountless homes have benefited by its effectiveness. A trial tin h ealing - doing will conVlnce FREE a w a y w ith the you. Take ads martin g associa ted w ith AntiTiu m a nu fa ct u rers will be deLighted to send a trial sample, free 0./ ckarge, to

vantage of our offer NO'" ! members 0./ tlu medi" • •••••••••1cal pro,ession and r•••••••••• to nurses and hospital o/ficials wko enclose 1 h e i r pro.fessional ca1ds.

ASEPTIC OINTMENT (1/3 & 31-)

Of all

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BULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTTOMLEY, II.D, A boo klet to aid those Interested In Ambulance and Stretcher Work. Pl'lce each, post tl'ee. " First Aid," 46, Cannon Street, London, E C

H FIRS T AID"

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A CA1ECHIS:lf OF AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS

3rd Ed t ion rev sed {,>uesllons and Answers in Air Raid Precautions, the Protection OT the Ci,il l'opulatiun III Chemical .• Gas' First Aia, and Nursing of "Gas·' Casualtie ·. By NORMAN HAMMER, M.R.C.S. Price 18. 2d. post free.

An invaluable adjunct to any text book on the subject of AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS.

THE MAIN POINTS OF CHEMICAL. WARFARE FROM THE MEDICAL ASPECT By SHALLCROSS DICKINSON, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Ph.C. Arranged for the Gse of Students. Post free 18. 2d. By J. M. CARVELL, M.R.C.S.Eng.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (265th thousand) Re\'ised. " rith Coloured Dtagrams. 12 pp. Cloth, tid. trong paper, 2d. Post Id. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (50th thous md). Revised. \ itb useful re-ference talles 14 pp. trong paper, 2d. l:'"st 1d. BANDAGING DIAGRAMS. (60th thousand ) r ev ised. r2 PP·-72 bandagi n g diagrams, witb notes ::'trong paper, 2d. Post 1d. HEALTH IN FEW WORDS. By Sir R. H. FIRTH, D.P.H., F.R.C.S. 20th Thousand Paper folde 3 in. and 4 in. l:'ost tree 3d. nel.

By HOWARD M. PRESTON • .DemoJlstrator to tlu: Polytecltleic. THE TRIANGULAR BANDAGE: Price 18. net; po tage, 2d. Jt Appltcatlon Accurately Descrtbed by " "o rus and 116 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BANDAGE: Price 18. net; postage 2d. Its Application Accurately by \\ ords and 162 Diagrams.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. 13 (1 to 12 and 14 ) on Koli. free, 3s. 9d. net. 13 (separatcly).Thlale & Female Genital Organs, 1 2. THE COMPLETE Price 2s. net; postage 4d Systems of Inval u:,ble t o Students of Anatomy, lI ed lcllle, 1' rst-Ald and AllIed Subjects

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AIDS TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDENTS AND NURSES. VERNON NEWTON, 9d. net. POS[ 2d. JOHN BALE, SONS & CURNOW, Ltd., 83-91, Great Titchfteld Str'eet, London, W.l.

ARE ESSENTIAL TO ALL DIVISIONS OF THE St. John Ambulance Brigade

and can be OBTAINED from HOBSON

Recruits Strength

The dietetic value of Oxo IS recognised as bemg supenor to home made beef,tea. Readily digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUickly and easily prepared.

IMPORTANT!

New Type ANTISEPTIC

now recommended by S.J.A.A

T.C.P. exactly conforms to Requirements given in the New Fi rst Aid Text Book.

The Perfect Fluid Diet

Inconformity with modern medical opinion, the recommendation of tincture of Iodine as the antiseptic for use on wounds, cul, etc , has bc::en DELETED in the new edition of the S.J.A.A. FIRST AID Book.

The official recommendation no\\' given is to use an antiseptic wlll'ell do es !l ol s/a/n, b/(rn or t'rn'lale , and Whl'ch is not poisonous.

T.C. P. - the really SAFE Anti eptic - completely conforms to these requirement. It is nonpoisonous and, in fact, can be given INTERN.-\LLY. At the same time it is a powerful germicide which deeply penetrates into the tissues. It does not stain. It is entirely free from caustic and irritating action. It has a marked power of relieving pain and promoting particularly rapid and clean healinrr.

FIRST

FI RST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free; ingle copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Ediror at the address below, and llhould reach him before the 121 h of each month, and must be accompanied (not jor publication) by the name and addr ess of the orrespondent.

Sub-cripl Aciveni.;emenls and other business Cornmunic ltions co nnected with Fll{ST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers.

EDITORIAL.

Consisting

For these reasons T.C. P. has now been adopted as the standard antiseptic for treating Cuts, Grazes, Wounds and Burns in the First Aid and Ambulance Departments of many of the biggest "Vorks in the country. It is also widely used as a gargle and internal dose in the prevention of Colds, Influenza, etc., during epidemics. T. C. P. is already used by many branches of the St. John Ambulance A.ssociation itself.

Trial Sample of T.C.P. sent FREE!

Comprising

Members of the S.J.A A. or any recognised Ambulance Society, can have a booklet and a trial sample of T. C. P. free on application to the manufacturers :-British Alkaloids Ltd., Winchester House, London, E. C. 2.

THE Reai4' SAFE EXTERNAL & INTERNAL ANTISEPTIC Supersedes Iodine, Boracic and Carbolic Ointments, Carron Oil and PicricT.iAcid for First Aid and Welfare

UNITY IS STRENGTH.

LAST month there appeared in the London Times three A.R.P. articles. In the last of the series the following was included. "It might even be tactfully suggested that the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the British Red Cross should sink their differences. They were doing excellent work in gas training long before anyone else started and they have an invaluable contribution to make."

Two days later a letter appeared in the same newspaper over the signatures of Sir Arthur Stanley and Sir Percival Wilkinson pointing out that the differences had already been sunk.

That there has been differences no one will deny, but the request of the Home Office to The Order and The Society to undertake A.R.P. instruction and the manning of first aid posts has done what nothing else could do in so short a time-it has broken down once and for all the " East is East and \Vest is West and never the twain shall meet" attitude.

This was fully demonstrated at the A. R. P. course held in London under the auspices of the Brigade. Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissioner) emphasised it; Dr. \V. Bentall (A. R. P. Staff Officer) emphasised it, and Dame Beryl Oliver (B. R.C.S. Headquarters) emphasised it.

Further, in some counties, notably Surrey, a joint committee of the County Authorities and representatives of both organisations has been formed to deal with A. R. P. in their area and it is no uncommon thing for members of the organisations to meet, have a meal and proceed to the class or examination together. Does this not show that the Brigade and the Society are working together in harmony?

By working shoulder to shoulder greater efficiency will be shown and greater prestige added to the laurels of both organisations.

T.C.P..".

Changes in the New S.J.A.A. Textbook

By CAPTAIN A. C. WHITE KNOX, M.C., M.B., Ch.B.

IN discussing the changes in the 39th edition, I will endeavour to give a first aider's views of their worth, though I must of necessity be influenced in some degree by being a mem ber of the Revision Committee.

I have already, in a paper read at the Safety First Conference and published in FIRST AID, indicated the main changes and the reasons for them. I will now attempt a more detailed dissection of the book.

It is obvious that there is now more matter in the Textbook and therefore more subjects to learn.

This has necessitated a rearranging of chapters and a regrouping of lectures. The rearranging of chapters has improved the seq uence of su bjecrs and gradually develops the first aider's knowledge as he passes on through the book.

The increased matter in the lectures makes it imperative that lecturers thoroughly know their subject, otherwise they will find that it takes them considerably more than an hour to complete the theory half of the lecture. This is adisadvantage, but I cannot see how it is to be overcome if the lecturer faithrully fulfils his duty.

Many of the old illustrations in the book have given place to photographs. and though a photograph has not the licence of a drawing, they are at least correct and though not all as clear in pri n ti n g as they might he. they are a definite improvement.

It will facilitate readers following my criticisms if I keep to the sequence of the book. and the first thing which strikes us is the elaboration of ., \Vhat First Aid Is." I think this has clarified a definition which was somewnat sketchily outlined in the previous edition.

Thus we now read" The science of First Aid to the I nj u red is based on fu ndamental pri nci pIes of practical medicine and surgery, a knowledge of which, in cases of accident and sudden illness, enables trained persons to render such skilled assistance as will life, promote recovery or prevent aggravntion of the injury or condition until the arrival of the doctor or during transport."

In the Principles will be found little change, such as in "warmth," "fractures," "removal of clothi ng " and in" sti m ulan ts." The i ncl usion of ampoules of ammonia under" stimulants" should be helpful from the Brigade point of view.

The defi n ition of "med ical aid" was much wanted and the emphasis right at the beginning of the book, that medical aid must be provided, and that shock must be treated in all cases, will greatly benefit the patien t.

A study of the diagrams showing the organ s of the chest and abdomen will give a much cleare r idea of the postion of these organs than was possible before. The back view is especially helpful.

The on shock I consider to be one of the best in the book. There is no doubt that man y people die from shock rather than from the injurie s causing it, and that shock may be much aggravated by the too rapid removal of a patient over lon g distances. First aiders will have to become accustomed to the subdivision of treatment where severe shock is present.

I n some cases, such as severe crushes , abdominal injuries, burns and the like. shock must be treated first, al though precautions must be taken to prevent any aggravation of the original injury.

Dressings are classified as ,. dry" or " wet." The former include the dressings packed in sealed envelopes. Under wet dressings, cold and ho t compresses are defined, and here again, an alteration has been made in the application. A cold compress must be frequently changed, not jus t fresh cold water poured over, and also be left uncovered. A hot compress should be covered with jaconet or other such material which will retain the heat in the com press.

Fractures immediately introduce the question of transport of a case of spinal injury. This ha s been one of the most de bated su hjects in fi rst ai d works in recent times, and it is no secret that I hav e been a very strong supporter of the face upward s method of transport.

Injury to the spine has now been divided int o subsections according to the site of injury whether the patient is conscious or no. A method of transport in the face downward position has been adde d for those cases which are conscious and have suspected fractu re of the thoracic or Iu m her region. Practice will make this method of 10::lding perfec t and first aiders must take every opportunity of accustom i ng themsel ves to a com pletel y new routine. In the transport looped bandanges are passed from alternate sides and using the natural hollows of the body, placed under the head, shou Ider-blades, buttocks, th ighs and cal ves. Poles are then passed through the loops and the free ends of the bandages tied over the poles. Three exercises are given for loading a stretcher according to the number of bearers available.

Fracture of the m idd Ie of. the shaft of the humerus now receives its proper treatment and shou ld never have been otherwise. A frer the forearm has been placed across the chest splints are applied on the front, back and outer side of the arm ., in its present position)! forming a "box splint.

"

Attention is drawn to the hand and wrist bandages in fractured elbow, fractured forearm and crushed hand. I mrtke no excuse for sayin g that I had hoped that the bandage would hav e

been a uniform one, but admit at once that I was completely over-ruled on the matter. Fig. 45 has already been criticised and firs:- aiders rnust work it out as best as they call.

The new bandage in fractured patella is an cd len tone anJ adds greatl), to the stabil i ty of the lim b. I t is appl ied fOU nd the spl in t, an kle, foot and splint hy a double figure of 8 and tied on top of the splint below the foot. \Vith practice first aidcrs will be able to apply this bandage without letting go of the ends

(consider the treatment of sprains to be improved in its si m pI ified form. \V hen the first cold compress fails to give relief it is taken off and re-appl ied.

\Vou nds and hcemorrhage are treated on similar lines to the previous edition, but the emphasis in the care of clean dres ings was badly wanted. First aiders are inclined to be careless on these points.

The 10 s of our old friend iodine will be a sad blow to many of our old stalwarts. But we have tra velled a long way since the days of Lister and we must travel with the times. For a long period it has been realised that iodine, mostly for the re ason of the spirit it contained, is an unsuitable antiseptic for use in a wound. In fact the antise ptic a tion in a wound is negligable, and there are now an tiseptics on the market wh ich fu lfil the re quirements of the Textbook, i.e., "a chemical substance which has the power of restraining the dev elopment of germs. Antiseptics which do not sta in, burn or irritate and which are not poisonous, are preferable," and which may be used with safety by fi rst aiders.

Attention is drawn to the use of improvised dressings soaked in an antiseptic solution, a new departure for t. John te<lchi ng.

A great improvement will be found in the buckle of the new St. ] ohn tourniquet.

In the case of wounds caused by venomous sn akes or rabid animals, fundamental changes h ave been made and the treatment, though simplfi ed, is much more applicable for first aiders.

Alcohol should now be avoided and a const riction placed on the upper arm or thigh (as the ca se may be) between the wound and heart.

(To be continued.)

A. R. P.-The first air raid shelters to be built in London fo r a London local authority were opened at the Caxton Hall, Westminster, by the layor of Westminster, Councillor H. S. E. Vanderpant. on February 10th. The shelters are of two types. The first &hows how a room in an existing building can be adapted; and the second of the outdoor R'allery type, lined with steel and covered with rubble and sandbag-s to a depth of 2 ft. 6 ins. The shelters are opt'll daily, to 2-15 and 5-15 to 6-15 (Saturdays, 1-15 to 2-15) and parties can make special arrangements for inspecting them, on application to the officer-in-charge.

AID 195 St. John Ambulance Association

We are sorry to learn that Captain A. N. Cahusac, 1. c., the Chief Secretary at the St. John Ambulance Assuciation, is indisposed. We wish him a speedy n:covery and hope to see him before long at the numerous competition functions.

BRISTOL. -The annual meeting of the Cl:'rJtre was held on Thursday, January 11th, when the 57th annual report was presented to the members.

During the year 1936-37 fifty-six classes. a record, were held, 41 being in first aid (23 male, 18 female) and 15 in home nursing-. The classes were made up as follows :Ladies Schools 1, 1'1. V.T.C. 2, City Pulice 3, Factories 9, Education COfT1mittee 21, School of Cookery 2, Port of Bristol Authority 3, Association 12, Brigade 3. The of succe",sful candidatt's was 799, although 1,097 attended the lectures but did not rill sit for tion. In addition 8 men of the ;\lercantile :\larine passed in first aid. .-\ number of new have been added to the Corps of the County of Bristol St. John Ambulance Brigade and new members to the existing Divisions.

Employees of the Pore of Bri<;tol Authority and a number of men from various factories are passing efficiency tests.

The report also contains to the annual stretcher competition, held in July last, which was again a great uccess.

The financial statement shows a satisfactory position.

The Bristol Centre are to be envied their long- list of lectures, no fewer than thirty-five doctors being on the roll.

LINCOLN.-At the annual meeting of the Lincoln County Centre, 1r. P. A. Lane (han. treasurer) expressed thanks to Lord :'.lonson for his donations. He also urged the necessity for increasing the income by at least £-+0 per year.

During- the year 35 first aid classes and 13 home ing- classes had been held and award,> gained numbered 492 an increase of 46 over the previous year. Since the inspection of the Centre 10,758 awards have been issued.

Capt. Armstrong reported during the past year the St. John Ambulance Service had moved the following cases in the county :-80ston 'f17 cases, mileage 3,500; Spalding427 cases, mileag-e 6,207; Stamford 310 cases, mileage 4001 ; Skegness 133 cases, mileage 1673 ; Bourne 53 cases, mileage 1,230; Sleaford 114 cases, mileage 3,563.

Dr. F. S. Lambert was elected president and chairman in place of Lord Monson who, at the last annual meeting, expressed a de ire to be relieved.

Winlbledon Ambulance Festival.

THIS annual event will be held on April 2nd, and is open to first aiders either as teams or individuals.

Last year a record n umber of entries were received and it is hoped that this year a new record will be made.

There are tests for men and women (team and individual) and also for juniors.

The preliminary tests will be held in the evenings during the weeks immediately preceding the final.

Fu II particulars, rules, cond itions and entry forms can be had free, on application to the Hon. Secretary, Mr. L. H. Ennis, 16, Ernie-road, S.W.20.

St. John Ambulance Brigade

H e adquarters and District Reports.

Brigade Headquarters

BRIGADE FINAL COMPETITIONs.-The final competitions for the "Dewar," "Perrott" and other trophics will be held on May 13th next at the Great Central Hotel, London, N.W.1.

H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester, Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John, and Deputy Commandant in Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions, has graciously consented to present the trophies and prizes.

A. R. P.-At the Hth intensive course held in London on February 5th-6th great emphasis was laid on the importance of the Brigade and the B.R.C:S. should work together in this great work and that a umted front should be shown by all members.

Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissioner) opened the Course and welcomed the 200 students. He referred to the many aspects of A.R.P., stating that the Brigade had now 6000 fully trained instructors and over 25,000 of the had passed their examinatior:. He expressed sincere thanks to Dr. Bentall and to hls voluntary team of lecturers for the great interest and assistance rendered by them in this important work.

The Course followed on similar lines as the preced1l1g Courses, Dr. Bentall being the chairman. He was assisted by Capt. N. W. Rawlings, Messrs. e. E. Bower, O.B.E., W. J. Noble, W. J. B. Trotter, E. Milburn, F. Wrigglesworth and Lt.-Col. R. J. Collins as lecturers and demonstrators.

On Saturday evening the usual excellent variety performance was arranged by Mr. Grossman (of the Associated British Picture CorporatIon, Ltd), and some excellent turns were presented. At this function the Course was honoured by the presence of the Sub-Prior (Earl of Scarbrough), Sir Alexander Hard.inge, Lady Sarena James, Sir John and Lady Duncan, Major Howard Carr, Sir Hugh and Lady Turnbull and others.

After the last lecture on the Sunday, Dame Beryl Oliver representing the headquarters of the RR.e.S., addres'sed the gathering. Lady Oliver stressed fact that differences between the Order and the SOCIety had been sunk and that members will work shoulder to shoulder in this great work. The best service to the country could only be carried out jointly, and all members must be thoroughly efficient.

From the class itself a member called for three cheers for Dr. Bentall and his lecturers, and with these ringing in his ears Dr. Bentall declared the 14th Course at an end.

No. I (prince of Wales's) District

On Thursday, February 23rd, the Commissioner, Capt. W. Goodley, M.e., presented Service medals and bars to 39 members of the District.

Capt. Goodley before making the actual presentations made reference to the history of the Service Medal, which was sanctioned by Queen Victoria in 1895, but was

formally instituted by a Royal Charter in 1906 by Edward VII. It is awarded by the Grand Prior and Chapt.er General for conspicuous services to The Order and Its department. It is not to be looked upon as a long serVlce medal as it is far more important than that.

The awards included 15 Service Medals of The Order and one R.N.S.B.R. Service Medal, 12 first bars, 8 second bars (one of which was presented to the Commissioner himself), one third bar to Corpl. H. J. Palmer, of No. 63 (W. H. Smith and Son) Division, bar to Pte. R. Brigman (No.2 (Haggerston) DlvlslOn), and one fifth bar (40 years' service) to District Sergt. 1Iajor J. Elam.

The No.1 District Finals will take place on Saturday, April 23rd, at the orthampton Institute, Clerkenwell.

Reserve Supt. F. E. Stallard has just retired from the Brigade after many years active work in the movement.

Mr. Stallard joined the o. 6 (Cyclists) Division i1 1900 but owing to business reasons he resigned after a few years.

He re-joined however, in 1914 and wa tran ferrc( to the No. 1 (St.' John's Gate) Division, being- appointe e Supt. F. E. Stallard.

Ambulance Officer in 1918 and Superintendent in 1928

Four years later he was transferred to Mr. Stallard's services were recog11lsed by the Or?e r of St. John in 1918, when he was ';ldmitted a Brother. He also possesses the SerVlce Medal two bars and was a member of the first team to W111 th e It Efficiency Cup.

FIRST

He was able to obtain some years ago a substantial donation from a certain Society and by this means the Central Area Benevolent Fund was started.

Supt. Stallard was a founder member of the Hospitallers' Club, being President in 1928 and has acted as Treasurer for 12 years. He also arranged refresher courses for the Scotland Yard police and special constables, and was an examiner, etc., for the Boy Scout Movement of which he holds the Gold Thanks Badge.

The many friends of Mr. Stallard will extend best wishes to him in his retirement as an active member, but knowing him as we do we are convinced that behind the scenes his experience will he at the disposal of others

CENTRAL AREA.- The annual Area Social held on February 4th at the Shoreditch Town Hall, was a most successful function and credit is due to District Officer T. McBride and his assistants for the splendid and enjoyable evcning spent by some 400 members and friends.

The guests were welcomed by Asst. Commissioner Capt. H. A. Fenton and Lady District Officer Miss Masson. Those present included the Mayor and Mayoress of Shoreditch, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief), Lady Distict Supt. 11iss Walker, District Officers Burton, Green, Fitch, \Valsby and Milburn, accompanied by their ladies, Lady District Officers Viscountess Mountgarret and 11rs Morrish, Corps Supt. A. E. Wells, (A.R.P. Officer), and many representatives of divisions.

Following the supper interval, an excellent short entertainment was given by George Webber, Hebe Simpson, Emilie Benfield and \Vilfred Liddiatt, which was g-reatly appreciated by those present.

Capt. Fenton expressed thanks to the artists for their contribution to the eyening's enjoyment.

All too soon the last waltz was given, but the event \\ III certainly be remembered by those present for some time to come.

23 ( TOR WOOD AND CRYSTAL PALACE) Dl\TISION.-

On January 29th this Division held a Social at which s ome 100 members and friends attended. The evening commenccd with music playcd by the cc Dark Dandies"the minstrel troupe of the Division-followed by games, dances and competitions under the direction of Pte. W. A Foster.

An enj oyable evening was spent by all present.

o. 4-7 (WILLOW WALK) DrvIsIoN.-After 33 years service Supt. W. Simmons has, owing to ill-health, ferred to the Brigade Reserve.

Supt. Simmons joined the No. 16 (New Cross) Division in 1905. being promoted to Ambulance Officer in 1923. In 1930 he transferred to Willow Walk Division and was the officer in charge, being raised to the rank o f Superintendent in 1931.

In 1933 his services were recognised by The Order by being admitted a Serving Brother.

The important duties Supt. Simmons has attended include the funeral of King Edward VII, the Coronation a nd Jubilee of King George V.

Owing to illness Supt. Simmons was unable to attend the annual meeting of the Division, but on January 20th Amb. Officer Olstead, on behalf of the members of the Division, presented him with a framed testimonial bearing the signatures of every member of the Division along with a fireside chair.

No. 58/5 (W.D.O.) DIVISION.-This Division experienced increased membership and activities during 1937,

AID 197

according to the annual report issued by the secretary.

The membership has increased by 21 and now the total is 84, of which number 75 are in uniform.

Cases treated number 1,013, of which 17 were removed to home or hospital. Public duties were covered on nearly 700 occasions.

In A.R.P. the Division has two Class 1 Falfield Instructors, five Grade 1, six Grade 2 Brigade Instructors, 26 members with A.R.P. certificates, and in addition 32 General Public Certificates have been gained by persons attending classes. The Division's A.R.P.A. Reserve now numbers 30.

Six courses of lectures in first aid and one in home nu r sing were held under the auspices of the Division, and the secretary pays tribute to Drs. M. M. Scott and F. A. Bearn (Div. Surgeons) and Dr. e. Preston Ball who officiated as lecturers.

During the year many social functions were held at which support was well given.

The annual V.A.D. inspection was held last October and praise on the efficiency and appearance of the parade was given by the Inspecting Officer and the County Controller in their subsequent reports.

The Division refers with justifiable pride and pleasure to the fact that during the year Mr. D. Burden (Postmaster and Divisional President) received a Vellum Vote of Thanks of The Order.

The Post Office Corps having been disbanded the Division is now to be known as the 58/5 (Western Postal and St. Marylebone) Division.

TOTIENHAM AND EDMONTON DIVISIONS.-The Building Fund for new headquarters for the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions is steadily progressing. The plans have been prepared and are now awaiting approval by the local authorities.

Under the chairmanship of Div. Surgeon Archibald Wilson, O.RE., M.e., and with the help of Mr. G. W. Newman, Hon. Architect, the Management Committee have planned a building which, when built on the site presented by the Divisional President (Mr. R. J. Bradley), will be worthy of the good work carried out by the Brigade in Tottenham and Edmonton. No effort is being spared to make the headquarters as up-to-date and as useful as possible.

A drill hall, two committee rooms, medical comforts, stores rooms, kitchen, etc., will be included. It is hoped to have the headquarters ready for use by May next.

No . ill District .

The competition finals of the No.3 District to decide which team will represent the district in the Brigade Finals will be held at Leicester on April 9th.

LONDON BRICK Co. CORPs.-Competitions were held at Phorpres Sports Club last month with the following results :-

<I Ferguson" Cup (inter-divisional).-l, F1etton Division, 149 marks; 2, Stewarthy, 13H.

Individual Cup (N.e.O.'s and privates).-l, Hon. Sergt. R. E. Sharp (Fletton), 45 marks; 2, Pte. A. Elms (Farcet and Yaxley).

The judges were Dr. N. Harkness (team), and D.r. R. A Simpson (oral) for the" Ferguson" Cup; Dr. J. E. Allan for the individual competition.

The Fletton Division repeated their success of last year.

MARKHAM CORPs.-The annual dinner of the Corps was held on January 29th, when a distinguished vi itor was Dr. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief).

lr. E. C Hamilton-Russell (General l\lanager), Markham }'lain Colliery), proposed "The Brigade and Markham lIain Corps" an.d paid tribute to Corps Supt. T. Blunt, Corps Officer 'vVanliss, a most efficient secretary; Corps Surgeon B. Hart, and Sergt.-Major A. Seaton. As a Corps they had a great many duties to perform and he always felt that the Markham Main Corps was one of the most efficient in the district.

Corps Supt. Blunt in response said that their object was not only to render first aid but to do it efficiently and without fear of being criticised. The corps had three divisions, l.Iarkham Main (50 members), Annthorpe (47) and Edenthorpe (47), also 19 Nursing Sisters, so that their total membership was 163, During the year 650 hours had been put in at sports meetings, etc., and the number of cases attended whilst on public duty was 1,205.

Dr. Hart proposed Ie The Visitors," especially Dr. Corbet Fletcher. He did not think the Surgeon-in-Chief had been out of London to a dinner in the North before and his visit was to the good of the movement. They had no one in the movement who was likely to further their cause more than Dr. Fletcher. Dr. Hart also paid tribute to Mr. Seaton.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher, in reply, first gave a message from the Chief C()mmissioner which was" Tell them I am very proud of what they are doing."

Dealing with the Brigade as a whole Dr. Fletcher informed those present that the movement was established herever the British flag was to be found, there being 86,000 members at home and 16,000 overseas.

While the Corps was to be given every credit for doing fine work the Surgeon-in-Chief emphasised the importance of adding to their cadet personnel. This was his first visit to a colliery district and he was most impressed by what the ambulance men in the district were doing.

Presentations next followed, the awards being distributed by Mr. Hamilton-Russell.

Corps Officer J. W. Wanliss, who has been secretary to the Corps for 12 years, was presented with a grandmother chiming clock as a mark of esteem and appreciation of his services.

Div. Supt. O. Boyce received his second Service Medal Bar from Dr. Corbet Fletcher.

Dr . Hart handed personal gifts to Sergts. J. Bell a.nd J. Green for their services to the Corps.

Personal gifts were also presented by Dr. Hart to Dr. Corbet Fletcher and his secretary (District Officer E. T. Milburn).

On Sunday, January 30th, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher , Surgeon-in-Chief, attended a Conference of SurgeDns in the S.E. Area of West Riding District at the invitation of County Surgeon E. Dufty.

The Surgeon-in-Chief gave an interesting address on "Duties of Surgeons," and answered many queries which were raised.

NOTTINGHAM.-On Thursday, January 27th, a presentation was made to Corps Surgeon and Supt. Dr. H. G. Parke r in recognition of his services to the Corps during the past 17 years.

County Surgeon A. 1a Touche Darley, in asking Dr. Parker to accept a case of Electric Diagnostic from the officers and members of the Corps, with whom the former Asst. Commissioner Mr. A. B. Gibson and Lady District

AID

Officer Miss W. Gibson were also associated, refe r red to the good work performed by him and said it was a pleasure to honour a man who deserved it. Dr. Parker had been a willing helper since 1921 and was appointed Surgeon to the Radford (formerly Wollaton) Ambulance Division in 1926 taking over the position of Corps Surgeon about four years later.

On behalf of the Nursing Divisions of the Corps Lady District Officer Miss W. Gibson presented Mrs. Parker with a crocodile skin handbag as a token of regard and in recognition of the val11able service she had afforded the Corps.

In his reply, Dr. Parker said that in 1905 he wore the uniform of a Scottish Volunteer Regiment) but his pride in wearing the carlet tunic of tho e days was exceeded by his pride in wearing the hlack tunic of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. vVhilst it was a fine thing to be prepared to defend one's country, it was still finer to work for the alleviation of human suffering. On behalf of Mrs. Parker and himself, he expressed great regret on leaving the Nottingham Corps, which was occasioned by the fact that he is leaving the City to take up a practice in his native county of Cumberland, but he hoped to continue his association with the Brigade in his new environment.

Dr. Parker hoped that under his Sllccessors the Corp s would continu e to progre s and that they would recei ve the support from all ranks which had been accorded to him.

Radford Ambulance Division held its first annual social recently, those present included Di\'. urg-con and Supt. l\Iajor J. Cohen and Mrs. Cohen, Di trict Offi CLf A. G Weller and Mrs. \\ eller, CC)rll" ,upl H. G. Parker and Mr '. Parker, Corps Officer C. Lewendon and Mrs. Lewendon.

In addition to the dancing a number of interesting and novel competitions 'were arranged for which priz es were awarded.

During the interval Miss Hazel Parker, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Parker , contributed a clever display of acrobatic dancing.

No . VI Dis trict

Durham County Leams com peted on Saturday, January 29th, in the semi-final tests for the Durham Bronze Shield and the" Palmer" Trophy. Drs. Br own and Hendry were judges for the first competition, and Dr. W. Campbell Lyons (M.O.B. for South Shields) and Dr. H. L. Cohen judged the second event. County Officer J. W. Stobbs announced the result as follows:-

Durham Shield.-1st, Betton-Ie-Hole Colliery, 242; 2nd, Blackhall Colliery and Horden Colliery, 237 each. "Palmer" Trophy (open to colliery teams only).1st, Hetton-Ie-Hole Colliery and Blackhall Colliery tied with 371 marks out of a possible 400.

SCARBOROUGH.-At the annual meeting of the Scarborough Division it was reported that 1)65 duties ha.d been performed during 1937

Supt. J. H. Wherritt presided, and surveying the year's work, Amb. Officer Smith congratulated Pte. Walker on winning the" Cliffe" Shield with a 100 per cent. attendance at drills.

Pte. Walker also won the silver shield for individual first aid competition whilst Pte. Muir had b ee n successful in the "Ernest Camps" Cup competition open to nonmedallion holders.

FIRST

The Division had two Grade 1 and two Grade 2 A. R. P. Instructors' Certificates.

N o. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District ADDISC011BE.-Once again Addiscombe Division are to be congratulated upon a very successtul year.

The annual report, recently issued, gives particulars of the division's activities during 1937, from which we note that public duties covered numbered 5,509; cases attended no les than 2,779; and at the "John Jetton" Dres ing 'tation, under Amb. Sister G. Prew , 566 cases received attention, 66 of which were transferred to hospital. These figures speak for themselves, but a word of praise is due to the officer in charge (District Officer E. ]. Prew) and the members of the division not only OIl tl1eir fir t aid work but on the fact that th e division 15 100 per cent. efficient in A.R.P., every member having qua lified. In addition they have several I11cI11hers Grade I or Grade 2 In tructors.

During the year the BisholJ of Croydon, the Rt. RL:\". \\'. L. D.S.C. 1.A., consented to become a whilst Dr. V. Wilkinson's name now appea rs as Div. Surgeon.

The Addiscoml)e Motor Ambulance e rvice carried nLd rly 1.000 patient and trayelled 24,128 miles. These ligures include 106 free cases (oyer 1.491 miles). The Bi hop of Croydon has shown further il1lere t in the \\ nrk hy becomi11g a trustee of the service.

The Di\"i lOll has in. tituted a million fanhing- funcl ami already 2.S01 have been acknowledged.

\\'c wish this D1\i ion ,,\'ell in the future.

E \'-,TBOl'R!\E.-On SUl1da), January 30th, an A.R.P. ( ourse of lccturl were held at the Town Hall Eastbourne o rvani.ed by. the local di\'lslon under upt. J. Burnage:

Dr. \\ '. C. BC11tall ( .R.P. 'tall Officer) was a mI hL \\ a" d""l'iled ill the lecture by County urgeon Joh n Fenton, Dilnct Officers \\ '.]. ab le and Trotter, ,\Ild Amb. Officer F. \Vrigglc worth.

, A visit wa paid to the Course b.) the l.Iayor of ,(. \lc\crman .r. \Vheeler), Councillor E. Hill , he ChId lonstable plr. \Y. II. Smith), Asst. Commis"IOllLT C. lla) ,\ arJ (East ··USSl:x), and Ast. Commissioner II J; (District Headquarters).

fhe Mayor exprcs ed thanks Lo the lecturers for all he) were doing and appealcd for greater support in this ,\or k.

Councillor IIill paid tribute to the Eastbourne Diviion, e pecially upt. Burnage, for their efforts 120 per ,ons attended the Course, which ran trn11l 9.1;1 a.m. to ) p.I1l., and all phases of A.R.P. were cove red.

1937 the numher of calls answered l} the Crawley and Three Bridges Division was 232 1l1cl uding; 50 The mileage coyered was 6,829: lnd the number of patients carried to institutions under he Is. ticket scheme, 66. The numhCi' of hours given by members was no less than 1,178.

AID

lI1clude thL: sands hut where 583 cases were treated inyolving 318 hours.

It was announced that since the retirement of Mr. ]. Bli n ko they had been without a Transport Officer, but it was hoped that some public-spirited gentleman would be willing to help them by filling the vacancy.

No. X District

COLCIlESTER.-SUPt. A. H. Blowers presided at the annual meetmg of the Colchester Divisi on, supported by Dr J. L. Hamilton, County Officer H. W. Lee, and others. The Secretary reported that the membership had increased to 43; the number of cases attended by them on the ambulances was 61; and 742 cases had been removed and 231 accident cases dealt with.

the annual meeting of the Fakenham DIvlslOn, at Supt. C. B. Andrews presided, it was that 3/9 cases \-vere carried last year involving a mdeage of 16,386. Since the inception of the ambulance service in 1926 a total of 2,437 cases have been carried with a mileage of 112,000.

Supt. Andre\vs paid tribu te to the work of 11r. R. B. Andrev.:s , ),.IissvV. Vlhitc for receiving the calls and Mrs. and Miss Utting for superintending the cleaning of the ambulance. Staff _ ergt. \V. Hall was referred to as an efficient secretary; \vhllst t he Parish Council were thanked for t.he provision of a free garage. Mr. G. Corpe (AudItor) was also thanked for his services.

LETCll wORTH.-The need for headquarters was stressed at the annual dinner of the Letchworth Division held on aturday, January 29th. )"1r. Harold Craske (Div. President) presiding.

, The chairman expressed regret that County Surgeon C. P. Craggs was unable to be present owing to illness, and asked Mrs. Craggs to convey to the doctor wishes for his speedy recovery.

Sir Arnold Wilson, M.P. (a Knight of Grace of The the "St. John Ambulance Brigade." ThIS fllnctlOn was the first of such he had attended in Letch\\-o rth wearing the insignia of The Order. He had seen a great deal of work of Th e Order in many parts of world. The St. John Ambulanc e Brigade was a of whIch to be proud. Sir Arnold referred to to or,:",ay, Denmark and Germany and to the aIr-raId precautlOns taken there. Eyerything was centraltsed and everybody knew exactly what to do. In England the yoluntary system was maintained. Of th e two systems he was proud to prefer the Encrlish. Commissioner H. Langley J Knight of Gr?-ce, 111 reply referred to the wonderful record of the Bngade 0:rer 50 years, the voluntary services wlth?ut pay. Dunng the past year membership m Hertfordshtre had increased by over 100 and in A.R.P. the county was \Yell ahead , especially in Letchworth. ;Langley. Jones. emphasised the advantage to the DIVISIon. havmg theIr own headquarters, even if they were qUIte modest.

, annual meeting of the Ramsgate rown at whIch Corps Supt. G. Harman presided, the DIVISIOnal Secretary, Hon. Sergt. R. D. K. Smith, repo rted that the total number of cases dealt with in re movals and casualties was just oyer 1.300. The number of hours entailed was 2,744. In addition public duties \\Tre unciertaken on 37 occasions. figures do not

Mr. .H. D. (Chairman, Letchworth U.D.C C;;ommlttee) proposed the "Letchworth DIvlSlon, work of men and of the nurses. S.omethmg lIke 1,260 hours had been given at the. first aId post the Great North Road. Useful aSSIstance had been gr\'en at the hospitals} in the factories and other ways

Supt. W. E. Douglas in reply said it was a pleasure an honour t? take part in the work but regretted that theIr membershIp was not twice as great.

Lady Supt. E. Atkins made a presentation to Craske as a mark 0.£ appreciation of her services during the four years she was superintendent of the Nursing DiYlsion.

In addition to i"1rst aid a1ld J1ursing awards the following' pre entation were made :_c. Doug-las" Cup, individual practical, Pte. L. C. Chalkley; "Petts" Cup, indi,-idual bandag-ing-, Pte. H. J. \Yales; .C Fish" Cup. indiyidual questions, Pte. A. E. Eldrett; "Kies" ag-gregate Cup, Pte. A. E. Eldrett; cc era ke " proficiency Cup, CarpI. A. K. Ryde; "Mrs. Cra ke" Cup, team test, Pte. H. J. \Vales' team

\Varrants of appointment: Corps Officer J. R. Petts and Diy. Supt. \V. E. D oug las.

Tur es :-" Craske" Cup, individual first aid, A/S. Curl ey; .. Thorpe" Cup. individual first aid bandag-ing. A/S. E. Ford' "Brown" Cup, first aid (junior members), A/S. D. Billson; "Craerg-s" Cup, bedmaking, A/S. 1\1. Curley and F. Craw; "Bolton" Cup, general efficiency, A/ . ::\1. Curley; "Hector" Cup, team test, A/S. E. Collier's team.

At a recent social arranged by the Letch"'orth Ambulance and Nursing Diyisions a presentation ,\'as made to Corps Officer J. R. Petts in appreciation of hi sen-ices to the Diyi ion during- the past thirteen years.

PoisonoLis Plants.

By COLONEL C. 1. ELLIS, 1\1.0., ETC.

THERE are certain characteristics which interest one in plants :-

(1) Thei r active principles are more poten tin some stages of their growth than in others, e.g., Hyoscyamus (Henbane) when the seeds are ripening, digitalis (heart medicine) whose leaves are picked from plants commencing to flower.

(2) One part (or several parts) of them may be poisonous and the other parts may not be, e.g., the yew tree is all poisonous except the fruit, i.e., the bright rose-red fleshy cup-shaped aril which, though insi pid, is harm less.

The tubers of the potatoe plant are full of starch and we eat them daily. The leaves and fruit, on the other hand, are poisonous as they contain a narcotic poison (Solanine). In fact L ur friend the potatoe is a near relation to the deadly nightshade. Rhubarb is the thick stalk of English rhubarb which contains calcium oxalate and some people dare not eat it. The leaf-stalks and leaves are by no means safe to eat. 1edicinal rhubarb is the dried root of various species obtained in China and Tibet.

EXTERNAL POISONING.

It should be interesting to first aiders to know something about" Plant Dermatitis."

In the Isles of Scilly, which I visited last Spring, one met with" Lily Disease" or " Daffodil

It is caused by the acrid sap from the cut or broken ends of the flower stalks. It must be realised that some people are more susceptible to

the poisons of plants than others and the same people at different times. The woman I spoke to told me she had handled daffodils for five years and had not been at all inconvenienced until last Spring. In the case of daffodils the trouble is caused by minute needle-like crystals of lime which exist in millions in the sap of these plants. The two narcissi (poeticus and odorus) are amongst the most dangerous lilies to handle.

As an amateur gardener I once found an unaccountable rash on my hands and arms. After some time I discovered it was due to primula obconica. The rash can be so severe as to be taken for erysipelas. The glandular hairs which grow all over the plant give out an irritating oil. Avoidance of contact with the oHending plants generally gives speedy relief, but sometimes the rash is very intractable.

Those who are susceptible to plant-dermatitis should avoid plants of the Rhus family; one of the worst is Rhus toxicodendron-the "Poison Ivy. ,. It is sometimes called false Ampelopsis. It certai nl y does resem ble the true Am pelopsis but it has three-lobed leaves instead of five-lobed ones.

Very serious poisoning of face and hands has occurred th rough allowing" Poison Ivy" to grow round bedroom windows.

The poisonous oil which causes the outbreak in the skin is present in the plants only during th e period of active growth in the Spring and ummer. In the A utumn the foliage can be bandied freely. In the treatment of " plant dermatitis" avoid oint ments for they are worse than useless, because they dissolve the poison and so carry it further. Scrubbing with soap and water is the remedy pa r excellence.

\N orkers in ornamen tal woods, e. g., sati nwood, ebony, teak, and rosewood al 0 suffer. These woods contain oils and attacks of poisonin g, are due to the fine sawdust finding its way into th l nasal passages. The face may be so swollen tha t the eyes are closed up and severe headache is experienced. Satinwood p0isoning can scarcely b e distinguished from erysipelas.

Other species of plants which are known to cause dermatitis in some sensitive skins are chrysanthemum, lily of the valley, eucalyptus, hop , oleander, delphinium, squill, lilac, nettle (mos people know what it is to be stung by nettles), an d vanilla. The juice of Travellers' Joy (or Ol d Man's Beard) is very poisonous and tramps hav e been known to rub it into their limbs to rais e ulceration to excite sym pathy.

The juice of Petty Spurge contains a milk y poisonous juice. Village children sometimes ru b their arm with the juice to raise an eruption in order to escape going to school.

(To be contz'nued.)

Priory for Wales.

lIEADQUARTER NOTES.

The increasing extent to which members of the medical profe sion are devoting gratuitous services to the Ambulance l\1ovement was indicated in a list ot 32 appointments in the St. John Ambulance Brigade submitted for approval of the Ambulance COlilmittee. held at Priory House on January 25th, which included S) nominations for the rank of Surgeon, \iz., as Corrs Surgeons Dr. J. lcCausland Dr. Erne tOrr (\Vatlstown), Dr. Frank Culton Jones (Cwmbran) ; as Di\'isional urg-eons Dr W. R. Nash (Caerphilly), Dr. H. :\Iiddleton (FIaverfordwest), Dr. \V. A. Burke (Celli), Dr. D. 1. Evans (Aberystwyth). Dr. B. Samuel ( L1anharan) and Dr. Gwyn Rocyn Jones, son of the for Wales, as Cadet Divisional urgeon at herg-a ven n y.

in the Brigade, which is to be marked by the award of a Bar to the Service Medal, while an application for a similar award was approved on behalf of Assistant Commissioner George Roblings, Brecknockshire Centre.

In accepting with regret the resignation of fr. Charles S. Mason, M.C., a sincere expression of gratitude and appreciation of valuable services was recorded, which :\1r. Mason persona])y acknowledged, thanking the Committee for their good wishes in the new appointment under the National Fitness Council which he is leaving South Wales to take up.

Arrang-ements in connection with the Welsh Brigade Final Competitions were reviewed; and it was reported that the first nfttional competition for Cadet teams within \Vales would be held at [he City Hall, on Saturday, February 26th Saturday, Arril 91 h, has been selected for the Stonior COlllretilions for the "L1andinam" Shield and" Arthur Griffilhs ;Vlemorial" Cup for ambulance and nursing teams respectively.

A report on the Association Depart ment showed that of 979 Classes in First .\id and Home Tursing in \Vales had been examined during 1937-an increase of 23 on the previous year.

Lady (Herbert) Lewis. O. B E , presided at a meeting of the Camp Committee held earlier in the afternoon, at which it was decided to organise a camp for St. John V. A. D. and nursing members during August Bank Holiday week and camps for Nursing and Boy Cadets, for which purpnse a small Suh-Committee \"\'as appointed. The camps will be held as in former years at the Barry Island Hutments kindly placed at the Priory's disposal by the Clamorgan Territorial Arm}' and Air Force Association. Commissioners have been invited to nominate suitable officers as Commandants and .-\sslstant Commandants.

TRAl\SPORT SER\ ·JC E.

[I. rrrcs/em ilIail" Photograph lIeadyuaners of the Priory for Wales.

The offices at No. 4-, Cathedral Road, CardiJf, kl1o\\ n throughout the City as Priory Houses.

Sanction was given to the registration of ne",· :1.mbulance Divisions of the Brigade at Penmaenmawr (Caernarvonshire), Colwyn Bay (Denbighshire), John Summers (Flintshire), Pembrokeshire Constabulary, a nursing DIVISIon at Rhoose and a Cadet Ambulance Division at Aberkenng.

Commissioner E\ <lll Da\ id Jone:;, Carmarthenshin' Centrt, was cong-ratulated 011 completion of 20 service

The summary of the acti\'ities of the co-ordinated service of motor amhulances 0reratpd hy the Priory for Wales in the South Wales Coalfield during the year 1937 ho\\'s a tota I of t 8. 24- 1 cases carried, i nvol vi ng an aggreg-a te mileage of 302,24-0-an increase of 2.005 cases and 22.795 miles on the previous year, although the service was not extended by the opening- of any new stations. Since the inception of the servicf' in 1919, when a total of 1.000 cases were carried, the have increased year by year and the following result for 1937 indicates the important part played by the ambulances in their respecti\'e localities :Station. Cases. lileage.

1\lr. D. fi1. Jones, Superintendent of the Brynmenin Collieries Rescue Association has submitted an interesting report on his activities as A R. P. Officer for the area covered by the L1ynfi Valley Corps At a meeting- of the Corps Officers he arranged to form an A. R. P. class for Officers, which was well attended and subsequently examir.ed. Fol10winO' this initial move to obtain Instructors, classes were held :mong the Caerau, N antyffyllon and ;\Iaesteg <?entral Di\'isions; and others are in course of formation at L1angynwyd and Cwmdu. result of local e.xaminations was :-Grade 1 certificates, ,); Grade 2 certificates, 19; -\. R. P certificates, 29 ; G. P. certificates, 1. Total awards, 5+. Gnder 1\1r. jones's supervision 180 have proved the effectiveness of the Ser\'ice respirator against tear gas at demonstrations held in the chamber with C -\. P. capsules. The report concludes on an optimistic note with regard to the improved prospects for A. R. P. de\'elopments in 1938. Another report on A. R. P. work comes from Corps Secretary D. J. Down, who, like :\1r. D. :\1. J ones, attended a Course at the Civilian Anti-Gas School, Falfield, in preparation for the important office of A.R. P. Officer. 1\1r. Down's area is the eath County, embracing three Corps; and it yery creditable to him and the Officers who have co-operated whole-heartedly in A. R. P. work that as many as 128 certificates have been gained by successful students in this Area. which can call upon 29 qualified Instructors. In addition to the promotion of A. R. P. classes within Brigade Units, :\1r. Down has found time to g-ive talks on the subject to the Rotary Club, Neath Young People's Guild, Crynant British Legion and the G. 'vV. R. Engineering Depot. High tribute is paid to the valued assistance of the Corps Surgeon, Dr. J. P. Prell, in lecturing-, examining and interesting Brigade members in A. R. P. work.

T a le nt at St. John's Ga te .

ON Saturday, February 5th, the Dramatic Section of the St. John's Gate Staff Recreation Club produced its first entertainment at the Methodist Central Hall, St. John's Suare.

The venture was a g-reat success and congratulations are extendod to the cast on the splendid entertainment.

Richard Wintle (conjuror) assisted by Henry Wye and 1\1iss Rockall, Ernest Pottinger (campan:Jlogist), Percy Collings (comedian), and Herbert Bennett (pianist) revealed talent of a high standard, while accordion solos by Eric Godfrey (the only non-member of the Staffon the programme) aroused considerable enthusiasm.

Two one-act plays were given and tbeir presentation showed the ability of the players and of WI r. Lewis Wood (secretary-producer). In the comedy (" Bobbie Settles Down "), Eileen Day, Madge Headridge, Vlinifred Ramson and George Carey fully interpreted tbe subtle lines of bumour; whilst in the thriller (" A Man of Mvstery"), Lewis Wood and Barbara Ferguson, assisted by Henry Wye and Richard Wintle, acted their parts to perfection

Among those present were Brig-adier Barne (Secretary of the Order) and 1\1rs. Barne, Colonel Perowne (Hospitaller of the Order), ir. Fincham (Assistant Librarian of the Order) and Mr. Monteith (Assistant Secretary of the Order) and l\1 rs. ;\Ionteith.

The Hospitallers' Club.

TilE annual general meet ing wa held on January 21st. The President (Mr. A. E. Well) opened the proceedings by thanking the member for their support during his term of vOIce which had made his work a pleasure.

Following the minutes of the last meeting- 1\1r. j. Kemp (Acting Hon. Secretary) gave his report. The membershi p was 111, and the Club had lost, throuO'h death two members. The meetings had been well attended and ;ocial functions well support d. The secretary paid tribute to the work of :'Ilr. Stallard at the latter events, and extended thanks to I\[r. Langley Jones for allowing the Committee meetings to be held at his oOlce.

l\lr. F. E. Stallard presented the financial statement \-"hich showed a very sati factory position.

The Hon. Auditors (ilJe s1's. Rushmere and reported on the excellent and clear manner the book had been kept and congratulated the lub on having such a treasurer as 1\lr. Stallard.

The election of Officers resulted as follow Pre ident, '\lr. ]. Standingford; Vice-Pre idenl, :'tlr. G. C. Green, Secretary, :'Ilr. A. E. \Vells ; Trea urer, filr. F. E. tallard ; Auditors, Rushmere and Hodge; ommittee. Messrs. Langley jones, J. Kemp and P. Bettison.

Mr. Wells im ested, and congratulated, :'lit. ' tanding-ford with his collar of ollice. The President thanked the members for tbe honour conferred upon him. lIe would do his best to carry out the tradition of the lub.

It was the unanimous wish of the meeting that Capl. Calvin Lines, to whom the Club owed a great debt of gratitude, he made an honorary member; and that a letter of sympathy be sent to :'tlr. B. Pier on the , criou illne s of his wife.

The Prayer of Remembrance was read at .1S by the President, followed by the annual roll call.

A vote of thanks to the ollicers for the \vork done durin g1937 brought the meeting- to a close.

The objects of the Club are for social intercours l between officers of the Sl. john Ambulance l3rig-ad e During the autumn and winter monthly meeting'S are hel d at which speakers are provided. The subjects covered an very varied and some very interesting and pleasant function s have been held. Particulars as to membership can b ' obtained from 1\1r. A. E. Wells (Hon. Secretary) 19, Elyneroad, Stroud Green, N.4.

H. R. H. The Duke of Kent is to attend the Nation al Safety Congress which is tv he held in London from 24th to 27th, under the auspice of the ational" Safet) First" Association, of which Lord 1\J cGowan is President.

PortobeJlo TO. 2 team won the Spalding Trophy at a n ambulance compet ition at Dalkeith on Saturday, Januar y 29th. Eastfield and Cowlairs, GJasgow, were runners-up and third place went to Methil District.

County Surgeon John Fenton addressed the Eastbourn e Rotary Club last month, on the work of the St. John Ambulance Brif;ade. Dr. Fenton explained how the work "v as voluntary, and that the local division wou ld shortly be launching an appeal for funds for the building- of headquarters.

Railway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

PLY1IOuTlI.-The annual presentation of awards to members of the Plymouth class took placL at Virginia H.ouse on 29th under the presidency of Mr. J. H. TIppett, Dn l lonal Ambulance Secrctary, who was supported by the Lord Mayor of Plymouth (Alderman S the Lady :\fayoress. :\fe· srs. J. F. Anstey and S,. Assistant Traffic :\lanagers, and Mr. A. of the J?i tr!ct Traffic 1Ianager's Office. PresentatIOns of eXClIl1l11atlOn awards and of a quarterc Ultur) g-old medal \\ ere mack h) the Lady Mayores The Lord Mayor congratulated the cIa s OIl its progress

The al1<;la Central and Riyerside lrnbulance classes held their annual dinner at the :\IackHotel on January l?th. when 111'. W. Davis, l; lstnct qoods pre lclecl o,'er a large gathering. rLsentatlOn of exammatlOn awards. o me 80 in number \ made by Mr. \V. P. :\forgan. Di"isional Cl1t Office. :\1r. J. Long. Diy. Amhulance Secretary, ;L11cl gold effiCIency medals and bars hy Mr. \V. E. James. On. behalf of the class mcmbers gifts were presented to heIr lecturer. Dr. T. Shibko and to l\Iessrs. C. H. Bevan a nd.II. A. .Evaps. it: trllctnr and secretary respectively. 111 Item 111 the proceedings 'was the presentaI o n of the \' cllym \ ote of Thank-. pf the Ord<.:r of t. I by Inspector F. C. Walter to 1\1r. E. J. ?I fill'S. a rC'lred memher of the stafi of \Veaver & Co. \\-h o h lei hccn associated with the class.

.S\! \LL H. S. B.Whitley, Divisional preSIded ove!- the annual concert organised by t he S.mal! Heath clas.s. and made an appeal for further f\wards gamed ill examination, 80 in number. were dlstflbuted by 11'. A. H. El den, vice-chainnan of class. and Mr. A. J. rnsall. Asst. Div. Supt. The class was congratulated on ha\'ing- \\'011 the "Robert Fellows" Bowl (advanced trophy) in competition for the fifth tlmc

London, Mid land and Scottish.

l:0NDOX.- The annual competition of the London Dlstnct Goods department for the " Castleman" Trophy held at Camden on V/ednesday, February 2nd, when Irteen memhers competed.

The Judge. were Dr. Megaw) Mr. Green (of Broad Mr KIrkham (of Camden) and Mr. G. E. Craft (?f IFtrst AId), member having to undergo two prac[lea and two 7'lva voce tests.

(D' the suhsequcnt prize presentation Mr. Castleman s'd ooels and donor of the trophy) preI e Supported by many officials of the Company.

th Mr. IS. A.. Purves (competition secretary) announced (Ce whIch was a win for Mr. H. E. Salisbury enT Cwtage) for the second time in succession.

. . . oods (Accounts. St. Pancras) was a close.

second and Mr. W. J. Morgan (Agents Office, Camden) third.

Mr. Castleman presented the trophy to the winner congratulate.d him and also the other competitors on theIr work. ThIS was the fifth year of the competition and he hoped there would be another name inscribed the trophy next year. He expressed thanks to the judg-es and to Mr. Purves for their great assistance.

Mr. Blake of the Welfare Department) thought that a good first alder was born not made. The importance of the work was fully and he congratulated those who had taken part 111 the competition.

Dr. Megaw and Craft addressed the competitors. 9 n t.he \\ork was well done and it was only In mmor detads had they gone astray. Taylor, who had greatly assisted 1\1r. Purves in runmng the competition. expressed thanks to Mr. Castleman and other officers for their presence.

The 1938 , outhern District Competitions. Division 1. at Dr. Fells (team) and Supt. ]. P. (ll1dl\'ldual) judgmg the work done.

The re ult was: 1st, Camden "A." 177 marks out of 200: 2nd , Ens ton Clerical, 154; 3rd, Watford "A." 153.

FORF \R.-On January 20th, Messrs. John Robertson and John J? ,vere presented with the Imperial Medical Meda,l s Medal) and the L.M.S. gold medal for 15 servIce to the movement. Commandant D. Gray p,reslded and. Mr. J ohn :who made the presentatIOns, comphmented the reCIpIents On their splendid The ceremony was followed bv a whist drive organIsed by Mr. John Stewart. -

1 SKIPTOX.-At a. recent presentation of awards eighteen ,abels, three medalhons and two youehers were presented to the members by 11r. R. South'v\'orth. Mr. \\7 eat herhogg congratulated the class on theIr success.

STIRLING.-At the recent individual competition. Dr. and Messrs. Milne and Bremner were the arbIters. The re ults :-First year: 1, ::'\Iiss Taylor, 27 2, W. Hutchmson, 26. Second year: 1 (after a tie), MISS Penman, 39 marks (a possible); 2, James Dow. who also scored a pOSSIble Third year and oyer: 1, L. G. Crook, 29 marks; 2, Miss]. Syme, 2n.

London and North Eastern.

1 ORTH-EASTERN AREA.

In connection with the presentation of the 1936/37 awards to the members of the Gateshead Park Lane Permanent Way Works Class, a select dance was held at which a large company attended.

Mr. Knight, Class President. occupied the chair. and .said how pleasect they were to have with them Mr. H.

Hills, District Engineer, who was, as they all knew, keenly interested in first aid work. He had great pleasure in asking 11r Hills to present the awards) consisting of four certicates, three youchers three medallions and twenty labels.

)'lr. Hill congratulated the member on their success. and made a special appeal for a team to be fonned to t ake part in the district competition.'

1\1r. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, thanked :Jlr. Hills for his "aluable help so freely given at all times and commented upon the successful 1936/37 session. He presented the long service gold medal to 1Ir. Vl. Penrich l\Ir. A. E. Armstrong, district secretary, also urged the members to fonn a team and thanked l\Ir. Hills and 11r. Cooper.

The arrangements were carried out by Mr. E. Smith (Cia s Secretary).

The annual dinner in connection with the presentation of the Consett class 1936/37 awards was held in the Commercial Hotel.

11r. J G. Durham, Station Master, occupied the chair and called upon Mr. L. BaHam, District Superintendent, to present the awards consisting of two certificates, two vouchers, one medallion and t\\"elye labels, to the successful students.

11r. BaHan congratulated the members and urg-ed them to do all they possibly could to obtain new entrants this session.

11r. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary, thanked all concerned for the help they had giyen during the last session, and presented a long service gold medal to Mr. F. Forster.

Mr. A. E. Annstrong, District S ec retary, on behalf of the members , presented a pipe and pouch to 11.r. Almond, who had acted as Instructor, and handed to the Gass Secretary a match and ash tray fo r Dr. K. lit MacDonald, who unfortunately ,"vas unable to attend owing to the snowstorm.

Mr. Coulthard thanked Mr. Ballan, 1\1r. Cooper and Mr. Armstrong for their attendance and assured them that their presence was a stimulus to the class.

Mr. J. E. Hod gso n (Class Secretary) ably carried out the arrangements.

ARE ,\

NORWICH.-The 9th annual competition for the orwich District Officers' Ambulance "Shield was held on January 22nd, the judges being Capt. "vV. Good ley, M .e. (Centre Secretary) and l1r. C. J. Fitch (District Officer, No. 1 District, S,J.A.B.)

The team test dealt 'w ith a man who had been knocked down by a car and had sustained a wound on the foreann, simple fracture of ribs and left knee-cap, also compression in the later stages of the test.

The result was: 1st, Norwich, 321 marks; 2nd, Yarmouth, 305; 3rd, Thetford, 260. Six teams competed, the winning team being composed of Messrs. C. Ether idge)

P. Middleton, C. Farrant and H. G. Linder (captain)

The shield and individual prizes were presented to the winners by Mrs. Magnus, whose late husband inaugurated the competition in 1930

Mr. H. R: Statham (District Goods and Passenger )'lanager) pr eslded, supported by Mr. H. G. Fish (District Loco Supt.), 1\Ir. H. G. Rampling (AsS't. District Supt), Mr. Ainger (S tat ionmaster, Norwich Thorpe), Mrs. Statham, l1rs. Fish, Mrs. Fitch, and Mr. R. D. Brown (Competition Secretary).

The Chainnan referred to the A.R.P. instruction now being given which was well supported by ambulance

men, and appealed to the womenfolk to encourage the husbands and sons in this important wDrk.

A vote of thanks was accorded l1rs. lIIagnus on the proposal of Mr. Fish and, in reply, 1Irs. 1Iagnus impressed all pre Cllt that their training- and study \\ ould he \\ 'e ll worth while 1£ they \\ ere called upon only oncc in a lifetime t o help ill 'o me emergcncy

Capt. Goodley, in reply to a vote of thanks, said the tc was a straightforward one and that if a proper examination had been made all the inj urics would ha\' c been disco\'cred. He thanked his patient and remark ed that next year all teams would be 011 the same leycl, a the competition would be run 011 the new textbook.

Mr Fitch reminded the losing teams that most of the marks were lost through lack of knowlcdge of the .( Black Book" which could be remedied by indiyicll1al study.

11r. Rampling a yote of thanks to thc Chairman, and the proceedings were brought to a close with a vote of thanks to the Competition ec.:retary Ofr. R. D. Brown) and to :J1r. Bayfield (Secretary, Raikaymens' Social Oub) for the use of the Hall.

STR.\TFORD.-The annual tratford Ambulance Challenge Shield competition \Vas held on February 9th, "hell nine teams competed.

The judges were Capt. \V. Goodky, :JI.C (tlam) and 1Ir. H. Pain, Loco Dept. (individual).

The team test \\ a staO'eel to rcpres ent a radway station complete with platfonn, rails, an of1icious ticket collector, hooking- office, waiting' room and other inci dentals.

Teams had to deal with a patient \\ ho had falkn between the carriages and the platform and ustaineu complicated fracture left rib , a crushed knee, bleedinf.; from the nose and \\as uncon cious. :Jlany teams treated the crushed knee, which the judge informed them \\as ill a pulpy mass, as for a. fractured patella forgeUing that the thigh and leg- hones would also be ilwoh'ecl in SL1ch an injury.

The individual test dealt \\ ilh a child \\ ho paddling had cut his foot, and a patient \yho had bcen fOLmd lying on a live electric " ,ire

The result was: 1s t, Bishopsgate ,. C," 360 marks: 2nd, Bishopgate "B," 352; 3rd, Stratford \i\Torks, 350. Miss Sheila Fletcher (deputising for her mother), daughter of the S tratford District Engineer, presented the shield and prizes to the successful competitors.

1\Iany officials of the Company watched the tests, including Mr. L. P. Parker, District Loco Supt., Stratford; Mr. B. P Fletcher) District Eng-ineer; l\Ir. S. L. Baister, Loco Works Manaaer; Mr. F. e. Wilson, Dic:;trict Supt.; 1Ir. P. Syder, London City Manager; l\{r. A. Gregory, London District Passenger l\1anager; Mr. G. J. Pearce, Manager Printing \;\/orks, Stratford; 1\1r. T. O. M ein, and others.

Miss H. White carried out the secretar ial duties.

Southern.

SOUTIL\Ml'ToN.-The annual competltlOn for the Crichton" Cup was held at Southampton Docks, four teams competing.

The team test was set and judged by Dr. Johl1 B. A. Reynolds and the individual by Dr. L. E. Green. Mr. L. B. Petty (District Secretary), Southampton Docks, was responsible for the arrangements.

Mr. E Uzzell presided, and Mr. Petty proposed a yote of thanks to the judges.

FIRST

Both doctors spoke in appreciative terms of the first aid work presented. The result was: Ii A," Ii E," I< C" and" :'II.E.!I teams, of Southampton Docks, 111 that order. The CtlpS and prizes will be prese1lted by 1\lr5. R. P. BIddIe at the annual dinner of the Dock Centre to be held on 11 arch 2-+th.

CII.\TI'A}'I.-Thc Suuthern Raih\ ay team won the a 1lllual Chatham an(l District Shield Competition which \\as h e ld at the Drill JIall, Chatham, reccntly. hve teams took part and figured in a thorough first aid test, \\hich was jud ged by Dr. W. H. oble of Sittingbou rne and Dr. II. ]. Hoby, Chatham.

Supt. F. IIickmott presided over the prize-giving proceeciings ane! announced the result to the assemhly, who also inclucied the Mayor of Cillingham (Councillor L. J. and :Jlr. '\\". Hancox (Chatham).

Dr. 'leig-h, Dr lIob)' and 111' . IIancox each voiced the ir congratulations on the high standard of first aiel e fficiency \\ hich the competition had produced.

.\t a recent Jlleeting of the Cullrc Committee it was that the undermentioned members of the staff sho uld he awarded the :JIeritori ous Long Sen'icc Certifi,ate of the Ccntre :-A. Annin g', Loader, Xine Elms; E. Ash, Clerk. Loco Dept., Fanrsham: E. C mey, Dock Porte r, outhampton Docks; Tiller, tation Foreman, l'oo le; \V. Lll1g-thmall, Clayg-ale: II. Ilunn eyhe ll Drivcr, Rcdhill; G. Rowley, 1crk, Blackf riars; \V. ;\Inr lcy, Fitter, \\' ooclside

The :'lcril(Jrious Fil'st .,\icl Certificate of the Centre i to be awarded to Porter- ignalman F. Hulbert, of Epso m DO\\ l1S. in recognition of exceptional promptitude an.! efficiency in rendering first aid to Motorman Smith, who Stl a111ed a. cnre injury in the left armpit, causing C011 ic1erable haemorrhage, and also inj ury to his side \ h\.ll his traIn ran into the rear of a stationary coach at Epsom Downs OIl the 13th August last.

St. Mar y lebon e O,l en Comp etition.

THI S competition is attracting the attention of manyexperienced teams, and great intere is being taken in the fact hat there is now an ore competition confined to London. F urther, it is hored to ga.uge the streng-th of railway, police, St. John Ambulance Association and teams in the metropo li

\Ve are informed that the preliminary tests will be held in the evening of the week commencing March 14th, an d team leaders will be advised of the venue and name. umerous doctors have oR-ered their services as judges. The preliminary jUdging will be undertaken b}1 Doctors H . .\. Fenton, G. \ N. Kendall, W A. Ree B. Rosefield, Basil ':;tee le and Russell Steele, whilst in the final Capt. A. C. White Knox will judge the team test and Capt. F. E. Bendix the individuals.

Teams not y L entered are reminded that the clos ing date for entries is March 1st, and the secretary is Mr. Vol. V. M. Allen, \Vestern District Post Oftlee, \V.1.·

Does your colleague read PI RS T AID if not , sen d us his address and w e w ill post him a cop y.

-

Police Ambulance News .

Poli ce National Competition , 1938.

As announced in our last issue, the Final of the National Competition for the "Pim" Trophy, will be held on February 25th, at the Central Hall, Westminster, London. During January, the eliminating tests were held at nine centres. Liverpool No.2, the holders of the championship trophy, were again successful in their district and so will compete this year. Leeds, last year's runners-up, were also successful.

The results of the District Competitions were as follows:

1 o. 1 District. Held at Preston on January 14th. Liverrool City Police No. 2 team, con isting of Sergt. Hampson (captain), Constables Tandy, :'tlarkham, Parry, Cook, with Taylor (reserve) were declared the \vinners with 281 points. Lancashire Constabulary were second with 249t points.

The Mayor of Preston (Councillor O. A. Goodier J. P.) presented the Ii l'tlolley" Cup to the winners and the" Major Cran" Shield to the runners-up.

Chief Constable E. H. Holmes of Blackpool, was the competition secretary.

1 o. 2 District. Held at York on January 25th. Durham with 2-16t points gained first place, followed by rorth Riding, 238t and Sunderland, 237 T,,'elve teams competed.

Dr. W. H. Pallett the team test and Dr. ]. F. Hamilton the individuals. Chief Constable Harry H. Herman, O. B. E., was the hon. secretary.

The No.2 in the individual tests was given the folio\\'ing: -

In what cases of poisoning have you a definite first aid antidote? \Vhat are the antidotes and how are they to be administered? Time allowed -+ minutE::s.

(.\.0 antidote is a substance which has the power of destroying a particular poison. One will be deducted for the mention of any substance which is not an antidote, for example, emetics, caster oil, demulcent drink,s, stimulants, etc.).

Corro ive acids (2), lime water (1) in large quantities (1) 4-

\Vhitening (1), chalk (1), mag-nesia (1) t oz. in t pint of water (1) 4

Corrosive alkalies (2), \'inegar (1) lemon (1) in equal quantity of water (1) 5

Carbolic acid (2), Epsom or Glauber Salts (1) ! oz. to pint milk (1) 4-

Corrosive sublimate (2), white of eggs in milk or water (1) in unlimited quantities (1) 4 rocline (2), starch and water (1) cornAour or arrowroot (1) freely (1) 5

Opium (2), pot. permang. (1) 10 g-rs. to t pint (1) Condys fluid (1) 1 oz to t pint (1) 6

Snake bites (2), pot. pcrmanganate (1) rubbed into scratches (1) 4

Plant (1) and insect bites (1), ammonia, etc (1) applied externally (1) -+ -HI

No.3 District. Dr. J. 1. Hermon of Hes Ie and Dr. H. Stansfield of Clayton, judged the \\'ork of seven teams who competed in this district preliminary held on January 27th at Doncaster.

Leeds, runner -up last year, were the winners \\ ith J60'}' points, Y orks \\ '. R. "B" being second with 359.

- Some "ery good work wa s done by 'om peti tor in t he individual room, the ave rag e marks obtained being o\ er 75 rer cent. of the total. On e team obtained over 90 per cent. but bad team work robbed t hem of ga inin g the firsl place.

Chief Constable J. Clayton wa s lhe competition secreta r y.

No.4 District. Birmingham o. 1, la year's finalist were again u ccessful at the com petition held at Birmingham on January 20th Fifteen tea ms competed, the judges being Dr. G. D. E. Tullis of Hereford a nd Dr. F. H. Edwards of hrewsburv. Chief Constable Ja s. N. Campbe ll of Dudley, wa the co;npetition secretary

The winning team O"a in ed 245 points out of a possible 300 and were followed by Wolverhampton with 23 points.

The team test set competito rs was -

C\RD.- \Vhil st on your way to a competition a man rushes up to you and says that a b ill poster has slipped off his ladder, smashing- a bracket gas lamp in his fall. You know that the nearest eguipme'.1t is in th building- a hundred yards away.

Time limit- iS minutes.

;.JOTE FOR JUDGE. - :'Ilan lyin g face d ow n ; broken glass; pool of blood near left arm; lad der.

D ETAILS OF T EST.

Detail bearer to fetch equipment

Proceed at once to the case

Keep off crowd

Ask if gas escaping (yes)

Tell messenger to get il turned off vVarn bystanders against smo kin g

Brush a vay glass

EXA:\lLNATION-GENERAL.

Any visible hcemorrhage (yes, left wrist)

Ask character of bleeding (b ri ght and spurting)

Immediate digital pressure left brachial artery

Any visible deformity (yes, ri ght leg)

Immediately s upp o r t leg and arm

Coyer warmly

Rapid examination spine, head, chest, pelvis, limbs (nil)

Turn patient over-method employed

Speak to him to test for conscious n ess (co nsciou s) .\sk him ?'e pain (left arm and leg)

Anywhere e lse (no)

RafJid examination for further injuries (nil)

Colour of face (pale), 1 ; T est pulse, 2

Breathing (shallow), 1 ; Skin (cold), 1

Temperature of body (lowered)

ot her

Ask r e nearest shelter (small bak r's shop oppo ite) 1

Ask owner's permission to rel11O\ e case into shop '2.

TREATME T.

Support arm and leg

Tourniquet brachial artery properly applied .1

R e move lo shop, 3; lethod of removal, J G

SHOCK A:-!D H a;;;\IORR IIAG E

Cover warmly

Ask for hot water bottles (none)

sk for bricks (yes)

Ask owner to pla ce in o\'en

Pla ce near lower limbs when warm

Fan patient, 1 : s ip s of co ld water, 1

Keep head low

FORE ARM.

S te rile hands , 1 ; ste rile w ou nd , t

lean dry dressing

Pad cotton wool, 1 ; bandage, 1

Prepare palmar sp lin well padded

Apply splint

Bandage forearm and figure 8 h and and wric.;(

Rel ax tourniquet ... if b leedi ng contro ll ed (no)

Refix tourniquet

FRACTURED PATELLA A TD TIBIA.

Contin ue s upp ort of limb

Prepare outer and inner sp lin ts

Do n ot elevate the lim b

Apply s plint s well padded

Cold water dr essing ove r patella

Bandage thigh. 1 ; Below fracture, Both kn ees, 1 ; Both ankles, 1

A"IBULANCE ARRIVES (four minutes hdo r e time it; up).

Bearer returns w ith equipment, but states there is no stretcher available.

LE FT ARM.

Expose forearm and note wound of w ri st...

Note any visible glass in wound (no ne see n)

Sterilise fingers

Feel for fracture (nil)

Feel if tendons seve r ed (yes)

RIGHT LEG.

Ask if able to move leg (no)

Note swelling right knee

Feel patella for gap (gap fe lt

FIRST

Th e individual test set Nos. 1 and 3 was ;-CARD. - You two are returning from practice in a village hall. You have a havresa c with you. You hear a crash and o n turning th e corner find R man on the ground. Act as you s hould The help of a bystander is allowed, if desired

Time limil 7 minutes. Warning at 5 minutes

to judge: Patient is s itting on ground - left arm hangl), limply - and excla iming" Oh my arm!" Paint left wrist red. Nearest house 20 yards away.

Injuri es: Fracture (simple) shaft left humerus, superIkia! cut left wrist.

TE ST.

I I11ll1ediate action 2

Encouraging word s 1

Observe blood on wrist 2

Co lo ur of blood (red) (1). Spurting (no, ooz ing) (1) 2

Wound c lean (yes) (1). :\ny foreign bodies (no) (1) 2

\n)' irr eg ularit y at s it e of wound (no) (1) 1

Iodine own finger an d \\'0und 2

Fi r m pad an d bandage 2

1<; contro lled (ye!-.) 2

Send by tander t o phone d octo r and ambulance and to bring hlanket. &c. 2

(Doctor out o n hi r o und s. Ambulance here in 20 minutes ''-Jearest h osp it a l 5 miles away.)

Enq uir-e locality ot pain (m id left arm)

Exa mine left humerus for igns of fracture.

Loss of pow\!r (ye ) ( 1 ). w e llin g (ye ) (1) 1

Deformit) (ye ) (1). Irr eg ularit y (ye ) (1) 2

\n) wound (no) (1) 1

E tabli h simple fracture mid haft left humeru 2

Trealmerrt of fractu r e d arm.

Place forearm at right angle tLl arm 1

')uprort wrist by mall arm ling 2

fhree <;plint<; to fracture bac k, front a nd outer s id e of arm 3

Bandage abo\'c and belo\\' fr act ure 2

Treat hock -Ctwc r up-warm drink 2

Exam ine for other injuries,

Rig-ht arm, head, claYicles, femur, leg, pine, peh is (no) i

T8.k patient's name and addre and se nd tactful message home 2

Decide to remon patient to n earest house by 2 or 4 handed seat 2

:\lethod of forminr; eat -t

AID 20 7

Lloyd, Chief Constable of Montgomeryshire, the co mpetition chairman and P.S. D. R. Edwards, Newtown, the secretary. The District trophy - th e ., Devereux " Cup- was presented to the winning team by Sir Watkin Williams \\') nn, Bart., Lord-Lieutenant of l\lontgomeryshire.

Capt. Lloyd stated that the entry of 15 teams was a r eco rd one and h e was pleased to see two or three teams taking part in the co mpetition fo r the first time.

No.9 District. Twenty-five teams (23 M et r o politan and 2 City of London) e ntered for t his district and consequently two preliminary co mpetiti o ns were held. These took place o n January 11th and 1 3th at the :'Ilemorial Hall, Farring-donstreet, Drs. R. V. Steele (team)and R B. Dun ca n (individual) judging the work on both dates.

The final eliminating wa s h e ld at P ee l H o u se on January 25th, when the six leading teams from eac h of the first t ests competed for the .• Sir Hugh Turnbull" c up.

Dr F E. Bendi x (team) and Dr. H. A. Fenton were the judge and some excellent ", ork was witnessed by an interested which included Sir Philip Game C o l. Drummond, :\-1 r. George Abbiss and other senior officers of the Metropolitan Force; Sir Hugh Turnbull, Capt. Davidson, Chief Supt. B oot h of the City Force. ;\1r. D G Monteith (competition sec retary , S.].A.A .) was also presenc.

At the co nclusion of the co mpetition Mr. George Abbiss announced the result

For the second year in successio n " G" Di\'i ion Metr opolitan ga ined t he premier po sition having one point more than" 1\1 " Di vis ion.

Sir Hugh Turnbull presented his c up to the winners, congratulating them o n their success a nd wishing th('m s uccess in the final.

The following teams will therefore compete in the final Li erpool No.2, Durham, Leeds, Birmingham 1, Luton, Brighton Borough , Bath, l\1onmouth sh ire and "G" Di\"ision :\letropolitan.

The judges, as already announced, will be Dr. G. S. Phillips, of Gwaun- cae -Gurwen (tea m) and Dr. M. M. Scott, of London (individual).

No 5 Di strict. This competition was held at Peel Hou se , London, on V/ e dne s d ay, Janu a r y 18th, Dr. R. B. Duncan judging the team wo rk a nd Dr. J. Stanley Da \'ies, the indi vidu a l.

Very ke en compet iti on w as seen between the first five teams but Luton with 235t poillts w e r e declared the \.vinners , followed b y East Suffo lk (232t) and Gt. Yarmouth (22 9).

Ten teams competed.

Th e tea m test conce rn ed a man who had been overcome in a garage, whilst the indi v idu a l tests d ea lt with a fr actured neck of t he fem ur, a pRtient s ufferin g from arterial h remorrhag e l eft c heek a nd ruptured eft leg mu scle a nd a snake bite.

Mr. B. W. Smith (Chief Constable, Great Yarm o uth ) was the co mpetition sec retar y.

No. 6 Distri ct. After many tries Bri g hton Borou gh P o lice ha ve at last managed to win the No. 6 Distri ct e liminating competition and thi s team will therefure repr ese nt district at t he final. Brighton gained points , Kent Count y Rnd R e igat e Borough 231, T e n teams co mpeted. Dr. R. B Duncan (team) and Dr. R. V. Steel e (individual) being the iudges. Chief Constable Alfred S. B e asley , of Folkeston e was the competition secretary.

Bearers ri e and tep off-bearer o n rig-ht with right foot and on l eft with left foot 2

Place in co m fo rt ab le position on co u c h in room 2

Conti nu e treatment for shock and note if hremorrhage sti ll co ntr ol ed (yes) 2

Gene ral nea t n e sa nd eflic ie n cy 4

Total 60

No 7 Di str ict. Thi s co mpetition was held on Januar y 25th at Taunton , Dr A. P. Gorham, of Bristol, judging the wo rk of four l ea rns. Bath, with 27 5 points, gained first place, followed by Pl y mouth, 260.

Asst. Chief Constable of Devon, Mr. F. R. Hutchings, was the com petition secretary.

No.8 District. Monmouthshire, winners of the "Pim" Trophy in 1 932 and 1933, succeeded in gaining first place at t he competition held at Newtown, Montgomeryshire, on January 26th. Brecon was second and Glamorgan, third.

Dr. A. F. H. Edwards, of Shrewsbury, and Col. C. H. S. R e ctmond, of 1al1chest er, were the judges; Capt. H. C.

Greenford Division, St. John Ambulance Brigade, has started a " mile of pennies" in aid of headquarters building fund.

The Cambridge Instrument Co., Ltd., inform us that the headquarters and showrooms of the Company are no\-\" situate at 1 3, Grosvenor-place. London, S. \\ .1.

The Hospitals, Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health Conference and Exhibition will be heJd at the Ne", Horticultural Hall, Westminster, S. W.1 , from February 28th to March ·Hh.

To PRI TERs.-An appeal for yotes on the occasion of the Printers Pension and Almshouses Corporation elections, 1938, is made by an early member of the t. John Ambulance Brigade. Mr. C. Bower, one time Staff S e rgeant in No. i (Toynbee Hall) Division, No.1 District and a member for 32 years and now retired, seeks support in the ballot for a pension, Your help will be g-reatly appreciated.

Revie w s.

FlRST .\ID TO THE IN ] URED.

The Textbook of the St. ]01111 Ambulance As ociation. Revised (t q37) Edition.

London: St. John's Gate, E. C. 1

Price 2 -, by post 2 2d.

T1l11e passes! Exactly twenty years have lapsed since in these columns I wrote my 5rst review of First Aid to tile (32nd Edition) and caused annoyance to the Chairman of the Revision Committee (who incidentally was the first layman to hold thi office since the Committee was initiated in 1880) mainly because I pilloried the inclusion of Trench Foot in a first aid manual.

Before 1 pass to my task of cl-iticising the 39th Edition, I pause to ask if any official manual is as ystematically dissected-page by page and line by line-as is our" little Black Book," the first issue of which appeared in 1878 !

From the start it was considered to be the best; and it is my considered opinion that in its 39th Edition it is still the best, because, though from it his name is now deleted, it still retains the main principles established by James Cantlie, to whom we owe the conversion of first aid into an exact science.

The new Textbook has gmwn in size, there being 30 more pages of subject matter which will call for careful reading by all keen surgeon-lecturers and students. The set-out has been improyed by the adoption of glossy surfaced paper and of clearer type, while most of the old (and sometimes faulty) illustrations ha\'e been replaced by actual photographs among which are some excellent X-rays. Further, the questions, which used to figure at the end of each chapter, are now collected in a separate chapter where they will be more convenient for the self-catechising student.

Two more chapters have been added, because the Committee wisely decided that the importance of " Shock and its treatment" and "the routine examination of the patient" would be emphasised if these were discussed in chapters and not, as previously, in sections of chapters.

Truth to tel1, the Textbook opens badly with a definition of first aid which occupies seven and a half lines! This is !11uch too involved and would have been better expressed if it had been spread over two or three sentences.

The Principles of First Aid are now note"vorthy by the addition of a general warning of the need to treat Shock and to procure medical aid, with the consequent disappearance of the old and repeated instruction in previous editions -Treat Shock-which candidates in examinations used so often to repeat in parrot-like fashion.

:\. description of the various dressings hac; now been combined with that of the triangular bandage, the definition of a fracture has been changed; and a wit has already asked if " fracture" is, in point of fact, the term which a patient uses" when a bone is broken!" With reference to fracture of spine, precise instructions are given as to when the patient is to be transported face-upwards and when facedownwards.

Probably, however, the fiercest discussion will 'centre round the treatment of wounds and the fact that the Revision Committee has failed to name any antiseptic in place of Tincture of Iodine which is no long-er recommended '<,. To me this is the weak spot of the new Textbook; and the inclusion of an exact de5nition of a suitable antiseptic cannot be regarded as an efficient substitute. A definite decision must be made sooner or later by those in authority ; 'lnd it were better if this had been made by the Revision

Committee and not left to the surgeon-lecturers. At least this would have preserVE'd uniformity of Clction.

The method of artificial respiration taug-ht in the J8th Edition is discarded in fa"our of Schafe r's original method, and the operator i instructed to kneel alone side of the patient. This step has been taken after con ultation with tile Royal Life Saving ociety which, I believe, has supplied the series of new diag ram. Silvester's method is restored to the body of the Textbook and is to be u s ed" only when the patient cannot be turned on his face."

The Stretcher Exerci es are now "ba ed mainly on the R.A. M.C. Training- lanual 1935" and contain some important differences from those previously taug-ht. The diagrams are all new and are actual rhotogr3phs, the bearers being members of the A sociation starr in civilian clothing.

To the Appendices there is now an introduction explaining that the Textbook is intended namely for individual action with such material as is at hand. Consequently th ese ar e added to the Textbook for the benefit of first aider whn have opportunities of working together.

From all this it is evident that the Revi s ion OJ11111 ittee has carefully avoided all contentious points and that it has taken a middle r ath in its handling of vexatiou problems

The re-arrangement of spveral chapters has been done with careful consideration of proper sequence and " ill prove helpful to students. Consequently, I tender on behalf of reader s of FIRST AID our congratulations on and thanks for the highly successful manner in which they have broug-ht the Textbook up to date; and I venture to hope thRt the preen t Chairman will not 5nd cause for afTence in this re\ ie\\, a s did his predecesor twenty years ago.-:\'. C. F.

A ATLAS OF GAS POISONI G.

Second Edition.

London: His l\[ajesty's tatiooer), OOice. Pnc(' I - 111'1.

The present edition of this "Atlas of Gas Poisoning " is published by arr?ngement with the :\ledical Research Council. The 5rst edition was produced in 1918 for official circulation only, and was intended to supplement th e memoranda on the nature and treatment of g-as poisonin g which had already been available to medical officers servin gin the British Expeditionary Force. The drawings, of which there are ele\'en, illustrate the chief features of th e pathology of the lesion (skin, lungs, trachea and eye) pr oduced by gas, and their primary aim is that of g-eneral instruction for doctors who are not already familiar with th e subject.

HOME NURSI G AND HYGIENE.

By Effie M. Robertson, S.R.:-.J., and Isabella G. McInroy, S. R.N.

Glasgow: St. Andrew's Ambulance Association.

Price I / 6 net; by post I C).

This is the recently published and orticial textb?ok of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association on the subject of Home N u rsing and Hygiene; and it replaces the former one which, having served a useful purpose for more than thirty yea r s, is now out of date. It has been prepared b.Y the Sister Tutors of two large hospitals, and .consequently It is pre-emine n tly practical in its setting.

FIRST

Seven chapters are devoted to Nursing, all Rsrects are well and truly covered. Three charters deal with Hygiene as far as this science affects the home, the sick room, and the person. The final chapter sets out the uses and the application of the roller bandage, which are accuratel) described and llberally illustrated with useful diagrams.

The instruction is conveyed in simple words so that it may be the more readily under tood by those for whom it intended, wherever possible technical terms beinga\'oided. Consequently tile texthook will be found serviceable to senior students as well as to junior students who may only be commencing the elementary course. Lastly, the book ends with a comprehensi"e index, whereby its usefulness in an emergency is considerably increased. .-.

Tea for Burn

THE use of ointments and of oily preparations such as carron oil in the first-aid treatment of burns has the serious disadvantage of complicating t he app1 ication of tann ic acid later. Peiris sugg ests that every household has at hand in the family tea-pot the apparatus for preparing a suita ble tan n ic acid sol ution in an emergency, and t hat its employment is simple in the extreme.

Th proportion of tannic acid varies in different te as, :in average black tea containing about 16 per cent. and a green 27 per cent., and the amount of t his which passes into an infusion is also very \ ariable about 7 per cent. bein a extracted after fi ve minutes and 16 per cent. after forty minutes nfusina.

In burns Peiri advises the infusion of six te aspoonsful of black tea in six teacupsful of boilIng water for ten minutes. The tannic acid content of this must be very low, but Peiris says it is e ffective. Four layers of clean handkerchiefs or s heeting are put to soak in the tea, and while it is cooling the clothing is cut away to expose the b urnt parts The tea compress is then applied d irect to the burnt area and covered with a light bandage.

Peiris uses a similar method at the Colombo G eneral Hospital. There the parts are first cleaned with ether and blisters are cut away under morphia or an ancesthetic, and then six layers of g auze soaked in a fresh tea infusion containing a criflavine 1 in 1000 are applied and kept moist w ith tea for twen ty-fou r hours. Unless there are s igns of gross sepsis the dressings are left on for 12-14 days. The usual measu res are taken to combat shock and toxcemia.

Peiris desc r ibes 12 patients whom he has treated, 6 having extensive third· degree burns. In his early cases the applications consisted of com presses of moist tea leaves from the ward pot, and later of lint soaked in tea prepared in the ordinary way in the ward The burnt areas are said to have healed as rapidly as would have been

AID

expected with orthodox tannic acid treatment, and there were no deaths.

Though this method has obvious advantages as first aid in the home, most hospital surgeons would prefer to have their tannic-acid solutions prepared in the dispensary rather than in the kitchen.-The Lancet.

Coming Events.

T he Edito r will be pleased to receive particulars 01 forthcoming events for inclusion (free of cbarge) under this beading.

FEBRUARY.

25. - First National Welsh Ambulance and :\ursing Cadets Competition, Cardiff.

25.-Police :\'ational Competition Final, Central Hall, Westminster, S. "V. 1.

26.-1ps\\'ich District, L. & N. E. R., Competitions, Colchester.

MARCH.

2. - :\lidland and Great l\'orthern Joint Line Annual Com peti tions, Norwich

2. York District, L. & N.E.R., Annual Competitions.

5. - Newcastle District, L. & i'\.E.R., .\nnual Competitions.

5. - Cambridge District, L. & E. R., Competition, Cambridge.

11. - Hospitaller 'Club :\leeting, Bonnington Hotel, London.

19. - Darlington District, L. & N.E.R., Annual Compettitions.

19. - Southgate and Finchle-y- Division, S.]. A. B., Dance, Parish Hall, Friern Barnet.

22. - Finchley Division, S.].A.B., Annual Dinner.

26. - " Stanle\'" Shield, B. R. C. S., First ""omen's Eliminating

26. - \Vest Ham Division, S.]. A. B., Annual Dinner.

26 and 27 .- .-\II-Englnnd A. R. P. Course, S.J.A.B., Great Central Hotel, London.

2l). --Cine-Lecture "How Teeth Gro\\'" and "Care of Teeth," \\ ood Lane Schools, Dagenham. Open to all.

30.-Great Eastern Centre, L. &N.E.R., Final Competitions, Stratford.

APRIL.

2. -" Stanley" Shield, B. R. C. S., i\len's Eliminating Round. -

2. - Bucks County, S.]. A. B., Competitions, Aylesbury.

2. - Wimbledon Ambulunce Festi"'al Final Competitions.

6 . -" Barrett" Shield Competition, Bishops Stortford.

7. - t. :'Ilarylebone Open Ambulance Competition Final, Portman Rooms, London.

8.-Hospitallers' Club i\leeting, Bonnington Hotel, London.

9. - Welsh, S.]. A. B., Final Competitions, Cardiff.

lJ. - North Eastern Area, L. c N.E. R., Annual "\Vharton" Shield Competition, Darlington. .

J O.-l\letropolitan Special Con tabular), Annual Competitions, Peel House.

2J.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales s) District Competition Finals, Northam pton Tnstitute, E. C.

Our Nurses' Pages.

CO MPILED BY AN AMBULANCE S ISTER.

The Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade has sanctioned the following alterations in uniform of Nursing lembers of the Brigade.

S.] .A. B. Titles have beE n abolished except in Districts 1, 3W, 5 and and part of No.4. Ambulance Sister of other Districts will now wear Titles of the County in which their Di\'ision is registered. The cost of these is 1s. 2d. per pair.

From January 1st, 1938, all aprons are to have the Eight-Pointed Cross of St. John embroidered or machinestitched thereon in the centre of the bib. The additional cost will be added to each apron, 4d. machine-stitched, 1s. 6d. hand embroidered. Some ladies may wish to embroider their own, and arrangements have been made with the S.J.A.A. Stores Dept. to supply transfers at 1d. each, and black thread at per plus postag-e. One skein is sufficient for ten aprons.

The St. John Cross is 5 inches square and should be stem-stitched in Clark's No. 18 embroidery thread, 12 stitches to the inch. A machine-stitched Cross is approved providing that it is as near as possihle to the foregoing.

The Stores Dept. will add Crosses to existing aprons at a cost of 4d. for machine- stitched, and 1s. 7d. for handembroidered, extra.

A narrower collar has been approved for wear of Ambulance Sisters who find the standard pdttern too deep for comfort. Price 9d. each.

CAMP FOR URSING DI\'ISIONS, S.J .A. B.

A camp will again be held this year at Rossall School, between Fleetwood and Blackpool, from July 30th to August 6th. The cost per head, inclusive of board and lodging, for the week will be 37/6d. for officers, 35 / - for mem bers.

There will be lectures and a certain amount of practict'l.l work each day, but plenty of free time will be given that those attending the camp may follow their own pleasures.

R egulation indoor and outdoor uniform is essential. For lectures and practical work the grey camp overall with black tie and belt and soft white collar is recommended. The white straw camp hat can be worn if desired. In free time members can wear mufti. Those attending the camp must take their own soap, towels and bedroom tumbler.

Cookery classes will be held, and all taking these must provide themselves with oven cloth, tea towel, small saucepan, small pie dish, tablespoon, fork and knife.

Gas masks should be taken by all who possess them.

All applications must be accompanied by 5/ - deposit, which will be forfeited if the applicant cancels her application after being accepted. The balance of the total sum must be sent direct to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief at St. John's Gate to reach her not later than July 16th, 1938. Full payment for the week will be due unless the applicant cancels her application not later than] uly 23rd, except in the case of sudden illness, when a doctor's certificate must be submitted.

Official application forms can be obtained by Officers in charge of Divisions from the office of the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief. They must be made in duplicate and sent through the Officer in charge of the applicant's Division to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief at St. John's Gate, London, E.C.1.

The work in connection vvith the camp will he very much facilitated if those wishing to alll'nd willmakeas earl) application as possible. ApplicRtions be I1lRde not later than June 30th, but an\, received after that dRte will not be refused unless the c"m-p i already filled :\0 application will be considered after july 23rd.

0.1 DISTRICT, ,] \.B., \,VESTER1'I .\REA.

I o. 22 (HARROW) NURSI G Dn l 101'1.-The Presid e nt , ;\lr. W. vVorkman, supported by Lady Oi trict Onic e r Robinia, Viscountess 10untgarret, O. B. E., and ollicer - of the Division, presided at the \nnual General ;\ll:'eting of th e Di\'ision on] anuary 20th.

The Treasurer pre ented the accounts, which we r e adopted.

The report showed that 64 public had been undertaken and 166 patients treated. On Coronation da\ 20 members were on dut) in Hyde Park fn)1l1 5 a.m 5 p.m.

Two carnivals in aid of the Harro\\' and Wealdst o ne Hospital provided cuties every night for a fortnight. At t he beginning of 1937 nine members were \\'orkinf{ regularl y at the Harrow Hospital. There 76 attendance haJ been m ade, 66 at the birth control and the toddlers' clinic, 89 at t hl.' dental clinic, 35 at the Hendon Cottage Hospital, and 23 at Charing- Cross Hospital Casualty Ward.

A. S. Mrs. Ridgway reporled that the bene\ olent fun d started the year with no balance in hand, but during 1937 receipts amounted to £3 9s, 10d. In that period memb er s by reason of the fund, were able to show their reI1lllnbr a n ce to bereaved mem bers and friends, a nd to place a n Earl lI a ig emblem on the Harrow Town \\'ar lemorial on Armi s ti ce Day.

Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Higgins said there wer e 32 members on the roll.

All who presented themselves for re-examination \\ e re successful. One officer held Grade 1 Certificat e, A.R.P.; four, Grade 2, and 16 members A.R. P. Certifica es. The Division had won two cups competed for in 10 1 District. Mrs. Ridgway had the honour of being- present in Westminster Abbey for the Coronation Service, and th e Division was also represented at the Royal Review and th e service in St. Paul's Cathedral.

Courses of lectures had been given on first aid and home nursing during the year, 80 students attending.

They had hoped to open their headquarters free of debt, but were owing the Divisional Funds £25 on this account. They were now organising events to enable the money to be repaid.

Cong-ratulations were expressed to Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Workman on gaining a bar to her service medal for 20 years' efficient service, and to 1\1rs. Ridgway on awarded the service medal for 15 years' efficient service.

Lady Cadet Supt. Miss Atkin reported that several members had left during the year, one had transferred to Senior Division, and one had taken up hospital training.

A team had been fortunate in winning the" Lady Margaret McCrea" and the "Wimbledon" Cups. Memhers had

FIRST

gained various certificates during the year, including one f\. R. P. certificate The Divisional Cup had been won by Doris Egan who was now a Grand Prior's Cadet.

Lady District Officer Lady Mountgarret presented several awards, and at the close of the meeting congratulated the members upon their work.

RICIIMOND NURSING DI\·ISION. The annual general meeting was held at the Richmond Royal Hospital on January 25th. Ald. S. W. Gladwell, j. P., Divisional President, presided, and was supported by Asst. Commissioner S. ]. \Varren, Lady District Officer Robinia Viscountess 10untgarret, O. B. E., 1r. W Sanderson (chairman of the hospital), Miss E. Watt (matron), and officers of the Division.

In 1937, 912 duties were undertaken, which included 2+0 on public duty, 397 at hospitals, 265 at the medical c omforts depot and 10 at the clinic. Cases treated n1J111bered 628. The membership ot the Division had increased b y 17 and \\as no\\' 50 strong.

Lady Ambulance OJTicer 1\1 iss Uloth had been honoured hy the V n rable Order of St. John by bl:.ing admitted as a en'ice Sister of the Order.

The winners of the Divi ional Cups were A. Dennington, the "Trevithick" Cup for first aid; A. S. Whitten, the junior cup for first aid awarded to members \\'ith less than three) ears' en'ice; and c\. F. Dennington ,wd :\1. l,reen the" Cloth" cup for bed making.

Ten membcrs g-ained cookery certificates, twelve A. R. P. (e rtillcate, and ten \'ouchers on pas ing- the re-examination in .\.R. P.

The ;\ledical Comforts' Depol at Brentford still did u <.;dul work. The 'auet :\'ursing Di\'ision was now 23 trong, and Cadet l\I. BettIe had won the" Grange" Cup fo r aid, and 'adet j. ;\linard and E. Da\'ies the Junior C up.

First aid in connection \\'ith tht'Town Council's \. R. P. cheille had been \ery uccessful.

The Di\'ision \\'a grateful to the Hospital f\lanagement Co mmittee for allowing them the u e of the hospital as headq uarters, and to the \Iatron for much practical help.

The chairman considered the Di\ ision had made excelhmt prog-re s during- the year. lIe wa particularly pleased t hat a ocial club had been formed.

Lad) i\lountgarret presented the cups and certillcates ,t \\'alded in the past year, and congratulated all on their re cord. A t. Commisioner J. \,Varren also addressed t he meeting.

0. -' (E t\STERN) 1)ISlIUCI, S.J \.B. BURTON LATlMER :\URSI l, Dn ISIO - The .\nnual Llencral leeting wa held on January 19th, the President, \1 rs. Tailby, taking- the chair.

The Balance Sheet showed a satisfactory balance in hand of £23 11s. Od.

The report gave a detailed ul11mary of the year's work. Publ,ic duties I:ad been undertaken throughout the year, s peCIal duly be1I1f{ taken on Coronation Day. A. / S. l\1iss had represented the Division at Her l\1ajesly's Review I n Hyde Park, and members had helped to form a Guard of Honour on the occasion of the visit of T. R H. the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester to Kettering ,\gricuItural Show. lembers had spent many hours attending sick patients and accompanying them to hospitals.

The ': Whitney" Cup was again competed for, the Winners belI1g Amb. Sisters Misses Cook and Judd. .\ garden fete held in the summer in the grounds of

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Capt. Harpur, kindly lent for the occa iOll, had proyed a great social and financial succe s.

DE BOROUGIl :\ CRSI;\l; D"'ISlO:-:,

The competition for the" Cheaney" Cup was held on January 25th. Four teams competed, the winners being Amb. Sisters liss Dines (leader), l\liss Pridmore and l\li s Perkins. The judges were Lady Corps Oflicer ;\\ iss Tinkler (home nursing), and Sergt. G. Bus\\'el\ (fir t aid), assisted by Lady Supts. nIrs. Brown and C;roococ-k.

1'\0. -+ DISTRI 'I', S.lA. B.

?\lANcIIEsTEK NURSI!oJC D" ISION. - In the Janual,) issue a report appeared on the acti\'ities of this Division, which, however, was not abso1utel\' correct.

The meeting- referred' to was to celebrate the Sih'er Jubilee of the Division as a whole and not to pay tribute to J\l rs. Dyson, the former Su perintendent.

\Ve would menlion that Irs. Dyson'S sen ices were rl"cognised at a function held some time ago; and, further, this lady was not carried into the function but walked 111 as one of the guests. ,\nother point in error was that the bouquet was presented to Di\ Surg-eon and Lady upt. Dr. R. H. L. Reid, and not to the Lady District Superintendent.

\Ve offer our sincere apologies to the members of the Division for the inaccuracies of the report aud for any unhappiness caused by publishing the same At the same time, we would cong-ra t ulate them on their excellent \'oluntary sen ices o\'er a period of 25 years.

BLACKPooL :\'URSI1\G DI\'lSION,-This Division wa successful in winning the ., Southport" Cup in the competition open to teams at Preston on January 29th. They also carried off the seconu prize in the competition for individual first aid, and the third prize in the class for offic-ers. Altogether, the Division must he "ery pleased wit h the results of its eft'orts.

10 5 DISTRICT, S.lA. B.

CIIESTERFIELO :\URSINC 01\ ISIO:-:. ;\lembers of this Division - which was recently formed by the Chief Constable of Chesterfield, ;\1r. T. \\'ells-attended, with their friends, a concert and supper in the Borough Police Recreation Room on January 13th, at which the Chief Constable and l\Irs. Wells were present.

Entertainment was provided mosl kindly by members of the police concert party.

The Division, which has grown steadily since its formation, meets regularly at the Poli c e Headquarters, where I nspector Hood takes charge of their instruction.

No.9 DIsrRICT, S. J .A.B. FORD NCRSING DI\'ISION.-Pa and present members of the Di\'ision joined in subscribing for a presenl for their Lady Supl. I\ l rs, Gardner, who has r esigned after 15 years' sen'ice. This took the form of a gold wristlet \\'alch, which was handed to her by l\Irs. J. Bune),.

No. 10 DI TRICT, S.J \ 13, CHELi\1 FORn URSINe DI\ ISION.-A social was held on January 8th, ned was well attended. During the eveningDr. l\ l cKettrick presented the" Whitley" Cup for first aid to A. S. DiJloway and the" Whitley" Nursing Cup to A. S. Dilloway and Leeks \\'ho til"u. adet 1\1. Knig-ht also re .:ei\'ed the" \Varren ., Cup, she being the first winner of this trophy.

1I'S\\ ICIl ·t\oETs. - In ord r to provide two parties, one for seniors and one for juniors, members of th e :\ursing Di\ ision each ., adopted" a cadet and paid her expenses. SUppOrL W;lS al 0 forthcoming from the Ambulance Division, and t\\'o enjoyable parti s \\ ('re

The lir t \\ as a sausage supper II and \'i:,it to th cinema for the senior. This wa attended by cadet an d senior otlicers and some 20 boys and girl. The second for the juniors, took the form of game, there being about 50 pre ent on this occa ion. "Lucky chair II competiti on and team games amused all pre ent, and at the lose a \ ote of thanks \-\'as proposed and seconded by cadets to the L a d y Cadet uperintendent and all who had helped.

Lady Corps Supt. 1iss lIos ack thank d the Committee responsible for the parties for the time and care th l) had gi\ en to make them uch a succes

At the annual general meeting of the Ip \.\'ich r\ur in g Corps, a report of the cad acti\ ities \\ as I' ad b: Lad y Cadet Supt. l\liss Botwood, One cadet had left to take up nur ing- and two o ther s were waiting to do so. e\ eral girl had pa ed the senior examinations in first aid and home nursing, and a numbel now possess certificates in child \,\'clfare and home craft Cadet SergI. P. Blake and four cadets attended the Re\ iew in Hyde Park last year. They were presenl at the seni ce in St. Paul's and visired the exhibition of Coronation Robe s. Some of the senior girls are now attending \. R. P. lecture s

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\VETllERI3\, of this Di\'ision have been giving earnest attention to the study of Air Raid Precautions. Grade 1 Instructors' Certificates are held by Lady Supt. :'I1rs. Lodge and Lady Amb. Officers 1iss Johnson and l\liss Stroliler. Grade J I Certificates ha\'e been ,g-ained b\' four other members, Vouchers by anolher four, and ce'rtificates by ten others. [n addition, the Lady Supt. attended a course at the \rl1l)' Anti-gas School al vVinterbourne Gunner, where she passed with distinction, heing the lirst S,J. ,\. B. oni cer to gain this award.

Send your copies for the last Volume (July, 1936, to June, 1937) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in go ld letters on the front and side and the eight po i nted cross on front, for 6s , post free

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Anlerican Red Cross.

DR. H. 'IN. GENTLES, director of the first aid ervice of the Chicago Chapter, has retired after +5 years of service under the Red ross Banner.

In December last a te timonial dinner was given in his honour by 200 friends. At this function, Jr.] ames B. Forgan, hapter Chairman; 1r. Fred 'Winfrey, Assistant :'Ilanager, Midwestern Area, A. R. c., St. Louis, and 1\1 r. Hollis E. Robb, of the Illinois Bell Telephone Co., past :ommander of the uniformed volunteer Erst aid corps founded by Dr. Gentles, paid tribute to the o utstanding humanitarian services performed by Dr. Gentles amI to his personality and accomplishments.

Irs. Katherine Curtis, swimming director of 'vVright Junior College, presented to Dr. Gentles, on behalf of those present, an attractive gold \vatch engraved with a testimonia l inscription.

Dr. Gentles has been in charge of the Chicag-o Chapter's first aid service since its inception. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Chicago Chapter, a director of the Chicago Safety Council, and the surgeon of Chicago Council, Boy Scouts of America.

A native of Scotland and a graduate of the Glasgow University Medical chool, Dr. Gentles migrated to the United States in 1892. He trained the police for service at the vVorld's Columbian Exposition, and was superintendent of the ambulance service during the Fair.

\Ve congratulate Dr. Gentles on his magniEcent record of service to first aid, and trust his valued services will be in great demand in the capacity of first aid consultant for many years to come

Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service Reserve.

THE Air Ministry announces--

In order to supplement Princess lary's Royal Air Force 1 ursing Service in time of emergency, it has been decided to recruit a reserve of fully trained and state registered nurses.

Candidates must be between the ages of 24 and 40, single, or widows without children, and be prepared, in a national emer g ency, to serve at home or abroad.

CanJidates will be enrolled for a period of thrt'e years, which may be extended from time to time, and when mobilised will be eligible for promotion. When called up for service, members will be issued with an allowance to cover the cost of providing and maintaining uniform, and will be entitled to receive pay ranging from £80 a year in the case of a Staff Nurse to £140 in the case of a Senior Sister. In addition, an allowance is issuable to cover washing and board, and where quarters, fuel, etc., are not available, allowances are payable.

Membership does not entail any period of annual training, but arrangements will be made to enable members to do duty in a Royal Air Force Hospital for a week or a fortnight-if they wish.

Regulations of entry and applications forms may be obtained on application to the Matron-in-Chief, Princess Iary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service, Air Ministry, Adastral House, Kingsway, W.C.2.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It doesn't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers and Us .

National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association.

TilE f\nnual General Meeting of the ational Road PassenKer Transport Ambulance Association was held at the Birmingham Transport Club, Upper Priory, Birmingham, on Thursday, January 27th, and the venues and date were fixed for the eliminating contests and final competition for the" Stirk " Trophy as follows -

EUMINATINl; COi\IPETITlONS.

Northern Art::a. - To be held at Preston on :'.Ia y 6th, 1938. Arranged by Pre ton orporation Transport Dt'partment.

Midland Area. - To be held at Beeston, NottlOg-hal1l, on unday, i\lay 22nd, 1938. Arranged by Me r. Barton s Transport Company Ltd.

South Midland Area . - To be held at the tadiuJ11 , Birmingham, on Sunday, l\lay 29th, 193X b) the Birmingham and 1\Jidland :'Ilotor Omnibu 0111 pan ) Ltu.

The Final ompetition will be held at NotLingham on Sunday, July 3rd, 1938. Arranged by the ollingh am Corporation Transport Department.

As a matter of intere t the following Tran port l'nd ertaking are affiliated to the Association, and the whol e 01 these Undertakings compete for the " tirk" Trophy each year :-

Bartons Transport Ltd., Birmingham Tran port D ept., BirminCYbam and lidland Motor Omnibu Co. Ltd., Bradford Burton-on-Trent orporation, Cardin' Corporation, Coventry Corporation, Hudder field orp o r a tion, Leeds Corporation, :'.Ianchester Corporation, e\\castle-on-Tyne Corporation, Nottingham Corporati ol Portsmouth Corporation, Preston Corporation, Shefli cld Corporation, Stockport Corporation, Trent ,',Jotor Tra c ti on Co. Ltd., Walsall Corporation, We t Bridgforu orp o rati ol West Bromwich C0rporation \V e t Yorkshire Road Ca Co., \Vestern Welsh Omnibu Co Ltd.

The trophy was given by J. H. Stirk, Esq., Chairm an of the East Midland Traffic Commissioners.

The Association 'would welcome any Passenger Tran sport Undertaking, and such Undertaking intere ted, w i}1 receive full particulars from the Secretary, 1\1r. \\. I"" i\Iorse, ita , Solihull-Iane, IIall Green, Birmingham , application.

St. John Ambulance Divi ion of the Dearne Distri ct held their annual competiti r )J1 at the Goldthorp on Sunday, J anuary 30th, when Barnburgh o. 2 t eam gained first place with 195 points. Barnburgh o. 1 t eam were second and Hickleton third.

At a dinner held by the ladies' section of l3erwi k S.] .iL\ an electric kettle was presented to Dr. J. c. :'lackay, i n recognition of his services as lecturer during the session Medallions and certi ficates were also handed O\ er to successful competitors in the recent examination.

The most successf ul year in their history was reported at the annual meeting of the South Kirkby Division, S.J.i\.. B Corps-Supt. T. C. Amery, of Pontefract, presided. Th e income was reported to be £138 and the credit balance £5 6, and it was that the men had treated 3,729 cases The nursing division had had 130 home nursing cases an d 86 of first aid.

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Quer ie s and Ansvvers to Cor respondents.

Queries will be dealt with u nder the follow i ng ru les :-

i.-Letters containing Queries must be ma r ked on the to p left-hand corner of the envelope" Q u ery," a nd addressed to FIRST AID, 46, Cannoo-street, Lon d on, E.C.4.

2 . -All Queries must be accompanied by a " Q ue r y Cou p on" cut fr om tbe current issue of the Jour n a l or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.].A.A. Ma n ual of First Aid.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED SPINE.

J. W. (Sheffield).-Having been a readt-'r of FIRST AID for years am writing to ask you to settle a spot of b other which has arisen in our class with reference to the treatment of iractured spine. The Textbook, in Rule 3 on p. 62, tells us to bandage thighs, knees, legs, ankles and feet together. Does this mea n of or 5 bandages?

Had five bandages been intended there would have been a coma after" ankles." So the answer to your query is 4, the fourth bandage being used to fix the ankles and feet, preferably in figure-of-eight fashion.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

A. M. (Gospel Oak). -In a recent examination I asked a candidate to tell me what is the state of a patient who is deeply unconscious and wbose pupils do not react on exposure to bright light. Evidently the candidate was thinking of his summer holiday because, to my great amusement, he replied: "Su,ch apaHent £s £n Cromer!"

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED ELBOW.

]. W. (Sheffield).-With a fracture involving elbow Jo1Ot, the Textbook reads "Secure by bandages round the arm, the forearm and the hand." Does this mean that we are to use 2 bandages, the lower being applied in a figure-of-eight fashion, round the wrist and hand, or does it mean 3 bandages? Your kind ruling will be appreciated.

The particle settles your problem because the Textbook reads th ( ::rm, the forearm and the hand (my italics) or in other v;ords, you are to use 3 bandages. For fracture of forearm the reading is " the wrist and hand." -N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED FOREARM.

J. W. (Sheffield).-Again with reference to treatment of fractured forearm, the Textbook reads :-" Apply bandages one immediately above fracture and the other as a figureof-eig-ht round the wrist and hand." Please tell me if we are to start the second bandage over the fingers as in Fig. 38 or over the wrist.

AID

This is the second year we have had this bother on these th r ee points; and so I made up my mind to <;ettie it o n ce fo r al l. Meanwh le we thank you for all Lhe assistance w h ich you give us.

For t h e efficient control of the fracture, the lower oug// to be applied "round the wrist and hand" because the go lden rule in the treatment of fractures of limbs is :-" first control the fracture, then control the splints, and lastly control the limb." Experience, ho\vever, has shown that except with a small child, this cannot be done and that the lower bandage must be applied "round the hand and wrist." For th is reason the instructions in the Revised (39th) Edition have been altered to read "round the hand and wrist."

As I have several times stated in these columns, I regard this figure-of-eight bandage as a stunt and I always regret its introduction into the Textbook of 1928. For this reason I always give full marks to the candidate who use s three bandages-round forearm, round wrist and round han d -in the treatment of fractured forearm.

This reminds me that until the lay i ue of FIRST AID (in which month the big Final Competitions take place), th e " Textbook" quoted in these columns ""ill continue to be th e 38th (1928) Edition.-N.C.F.

SWELLING OF TISSUES OF T. B. (Brockley).-When practising for a competition ju st recently, we were called to a patient who was supposed to have swallowed sulphuric acid, causing the tissue s of the throat to swell so that it impeded breathing. D o you think that we should reduce the welling of th e throat first or commence artificial respiration? \\\; will be glad of your kind ruling- on this point.

Rule 5 (a) on p. 173 of the Textbook an wers you r query. If the throat is "so s\.vollen as to threaten ob tru ction to the air passages," you are to "apply hot flannels or poultices to the neck and to give frequent sips of cold wa te or demulcent drinks." If, howev e r, this local lreatment fail ,.; and the obstruction gets worse and cau e patient to be asphyxiated, then you must commence artificial respirati on without one second's delay. - .C.F.

TREATMENT OF BLEEDING FROM NOS E.

G.M. (Dawlish). - Will you please tell me why the han ds are raised above the head, in treatment of Hremorrha ge from the Nose?

Elevation of the upper limbs above the head causes the enlargement of the cavity of the chest; and consequenty the l u ngs expand. When this happens, the large venous trunk s entering the heart dilate so that the return ot venous blo od to the heart is facilitated and the bleeding from nose is lessened.-N.C.F.

HlEMORRHAGE FROM INTERNAL ORGAN.

G.c. (Surbiton).-Regarding the query under above headin g on page 188 of the January issue of FIRST AID, I canno l u n d erstand why first aiders are instructed to bandag e the limbs from tips of fingers and of toes to the trunk Does not this method keep all the blood in the trunk an d enab le same to escape into a cavity from the interna l inju r y? Wou ld it not be better to allow what bloo d there is l eft in the body to circulate in the limbs and so assist the retardment of flow of internal bleeding. You r comments wo u ld be greatly appreciated.

Yo u r d iffic u lty arises because with H<emorrhage from

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OPEN AMBULANCE COMPETITION.

THE FIRST COMPETITION FOR THE SILVER CHALLENGE TROPHY

(Presented by Alderman R. Liles Allen, J.P. of St. l\larylebone), AN!) TilE

SELFRIDGE CHALLENGE TROPHY

(Presented by Selfridge & Co. Ltd., London), Will be Held at The Portman Rooms, Lc:mdon, on Thursday, April 7th, 1938.

The Competition is Open to Teams of Men ,in the City of London and Metropolitan Police Areas.

Entries Close on March 1st, 1938.

Ent,.y Fo,.ms and Full Particulars from The Honorary Secretary, W. V. M. ALLEN, Western District Post Office, W.I.

ln ternal O r ga n yo u are m u ddling u p the object of t r eat m e n t which a r e two -fuld-viz (1) to stop furthe r bl ee di ng if possib le, a n d (2) to keep the heart goi n g.

Ban d aging" the l imbs is on ly indicated w h en , ow in g to the efTect of profuse hremorrhage (whether externa and see n or interna l and concealed), tbe patient and his heart are i r, imminent danger of collap:,e, as is stated in Rule 7 on p 1 22 of the T extbouk.

In such circumstances the dangers of furthe r bleeding small because the heart is beating very feebly; and co nseq u ent l y the second object of treatment (as above) takes precedence over the first. Bandaging the limbs, the r efo r e, is u rgently necessary in such circ u mstances because it conserves the st r ength uf the heart by cutting- off as m u c h of the general ci r culation as is possible.-N. C . F.

HUMOUR IN FIRST AI[)

P. N . (Rhodesia). - Two friends dug in together in R hodesia. They were both fond of mushrooms "A" found some beauties but wasn't sure they were the rea l thing because they were so large " B " said they sho u ld try them on the dog, which was accordingly given a meal of them and appl'ared to be none the worse. So they had mushrooms for s u pper themselves.

Just as they were finished eating, their" Boy" came in and said " Dog d ead." Goud heavens, they thought, we are poisoned! Promptly they ordered the " Boy" to harness the dog-cart and drive them to the nearest doctor who, on their arrival, used the stomach p u mp on both with good effect.

This done the doctor said that he woul d like to have the dog (0 do a p. m. on and" A" or d ered the , Boy' to produce it. The native, however, rep l ied: " Th e re 'S no dOR; h e all gon e squash - run ovel b) a molor-car "

G o od! ,ext, please! !- 1'\. C. F.

TREATMENT OF CYANIDE POISONI Jl; G

G. C. (St Pancras). - Please accept my best thanks fo r yo u r answers to my queries which were publishe d i n the November and Decem ber issues of FIRST AlD. I h ope that am not causing a lot of trouble by sending some more queries and so here goes.

In the treatment of Prussic Acid Poisoning the Textbook (p. 177) tells us to give freely brandy dil u ted with equal quantity of water but does not differentiate between the doses for child or ad u lt. I take it that the child should be given less than the ad u lt.

Your suggestion is correct. Throughout the T extbo ok all measurements and doses are quoted fo r adult patients, and must be modified according to age and weight.

The instruction - " give freely "-raises a difficult problem more especially as some authorities do not favo ur the administration of alcohol in those cases Since , however, the St. John Textbook is the basis of authority fo r St. J ohn fi r st aiders, I sugg"est an initial dose for ad u lts of two tab lespoonsful of brandy administe r ed with the fe r vent praye r that a doctor may com e before the next dose isd u e - N. C. F.

BITES OF SNAKES AND RABID ANIMALS

G. C. (St. Pancras) :- With reference to Bites of Snakes a nd Rabid Animals (Textbook pp 131-133), s u pposing that the injury is on the trunk ( 1) I take it that it s co rr ect to have the patient I) ing down because in th is posit ion we should be keeping the affected part low. Also (2 ) whe n a rabid anima l causes the injury, I ta k e it t h at,

AID

a ft e r bat hin g- th e b i te w i t h w a r m wa t e r a co n st ri ct io n ca nn ot be u se d

(1) Th e patie n t h o uld bf' k l'pt Hat beca u se t hi s pos i t io n i s a n i m por t an t item i n the treatment of t h e shoc k whic h wi ll accompany t h e inj u ry beca u se in th i pos i tio n the hea r w ill beat less r apid ly and consequent ly di tribute he poison more s ow ly hr o u ghout the syst m

(2) Th e use of constriction is on y indicated wit h bites of venomo u s snakes and rabid anima ls alTeclillg t h e limb. F urth er, to be of a n y use, t h ey must be in po itiun im me d iate ly after t h e s n ake (or rab id animal) has l eft its ma r k. Co n str ict io n s a r e, of useless when lhese inj uli es occur o n t h e tr u n k , a fact which is du ly noted in the R evise d (39th) Ed itio n of the T extbook - N. C. F.

SURGICAL SPIRITS FOR 10D! E.

N. (Coventry) :-WiLh surprise I note that no antiseptic is name d in t h e Revised (39lh) Edition of the Textbook. Conseq u ent ly, I wonder if the Brig-ade members will co nti n u e to carry I odine caps ul es in their pouches and to use this antiseptic when the need arises.

P r obably a Brigade Order will be i sued on this point. l\J eanwhi le may tell you that at the Conferen c n of Brig-ad e S ur geons held in October last, surg ical (or meth) lated) spiri t was se ected as the ideal emergency anti eptic and that thi s is to be u sed exactly as Tincture of Iodine should be used. -

N C.F.

A.R.P QUERY

PRO rE CTl\ E CLO

S. ]. (Sheffield). - ln conjunction with our works' R . P scheme we a sume that our tretcher bearers wou ld hay!:. to ca r ry patients approximately 120 yards from th e fur'hermost gas-p r oof shelter to the first aid post. What would be the most suitable protective clothing for them to wea r fo r such duty';

First aid parties wear ordina r y protective clothing with r espi r ato r an d carry first aid pouch. They al 0 carry a st r etcher with protective cov r, a blanket and protected s ur g ical haversack.

It is possib le that the protective clothing of the near fut u re w ill be very much lighter in weight, but fi r st aid pa r ties m u st sti ll have the complete protection. A. C. WHITE KNOX.

WIMBLEDON AMBULANCE FESTIVAL.

COMPETITIO N S I N F IRST AID (Team and Indiv idual) will be held on April 2nd, 1938. Entries Close March 1 st.

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FIRST

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AFTER many months of waiting the householder's booklet, "The THE Protection of Your Home Against Air Raids," has been issued-but not by the millions as was first announced.

Since the Air Raid Precautions Act laid on local authorities the duty of giving advice and instruction to the public, only a limited circulation was issued so that those authorities should have the opportunity of judging its usefulness.

The local authorities are to distribute the handbook to those concerned in local schemes and \Vardens will be able to use the book when making visits to householders. By this means the Home Office will ascertain the views of the au thorities on the book in its present form.

Vife are sorry that the booklet has such a limited circulation Every householder should have a copy now and not as and when the local authorities think fit to distribute them. There a r e a number of boroughs who, even now, have done nothing to prepare an A R P. scheme to protect the people they represent. Are the thousands who reside in the areas of such boroughs to be penalised because of this?

Sir Samuel Hoare, in a foreward to the handbook, writes: " At the present moment of the most important tasks is to help each household to real ise what he can do, if the need arose, to make h is h om e and h is househo l d mo re saf e a ga in st a ir attack. "

If this booklet in the hands of the local authorities does arouse the interest of the householder, then half the batt le will have been won, but we still submit that every householder should be ab le to obtain a copy now.

Changes in the New S.J.A.A. Textbook

By CAPTAIN A. C. WHITE KNOX, M.C., l\I.B., Ch.B.

(Concluded jrom page 195)'

THE photographs of Schafer's method of artificial respiration should make the new position of the hands quite' clear, and those who have learned the method in the Royal Life Saving Society will now find it the same in our manual. This is the original method as advised by Professor and depends for its action on the pressure causIng the abdominal contents to push the diaphragm up and so cause expiration. Note the duration of pressure for expiration is two seconds and relaxation for inspiration three seconds.

The important thing about Silvester's method is to see that the forearms are grasped in the right position. It is sometimes easier for the first aider to put the arms in the pressZt7'e positzon first, and the hands of the operator will then fall into their correct position.

I think that the new grouping of Insensibility with the general rules first and the subdivisions following, with special reference to special cases, follows more nearly the regular practice in the book, and will help the first aider to remem ber it better. The removal of "The Method of Examination of the Unconscious Patient" to a special chapter relieves the first aider in what was always rather a trying section of the book.

The section separating "Suffocation by Smoke" and (( Suffocation by Poisonous Gas" is a most important change and should be well noted.

The Poison chapter, like the I nsensibi I ity chapter, has always been a trial to the Student but the two classes (1) Those which burn the lips and mouth; (2) Those which do not burn the lips and mouth, now show the fundamental di fferences in the treatment, and also the immediate difference in the appearance of the patient. The subdivision of the second class (a) irritants; (b) hypnotics; (c) deliriants; (d) convulsants, are named to help the first aider remember their characteristics. Note the new treatment by medicinal paraffin for carbolic acid poisoning.

The Revision Committee have realised the importance of early hospital treatment in burns, and where medical aid is readily available advise covering up the burnt area and removal.

This raises the interesting point, that in serious shock, which is always present in burns and scalds, the patient will naturally be kept in shelter until the shock improves; vide chapter on (' Shock."

AID

If he has to be kept for some ti me are we to proceed as in Section" B" even though hospital is near at hand?

Here I think the discretion of the first aider must come to his rescue.

There are minor changes in "Stings," " Frostbite," "Needles and Fish-hooks in the Skin" and in "Foreign Bodies in the Nose" which improve them.

The method of approach to, and examination of, a patient has long been wanted and though commonly seen in the competition world, method was often sadly lacking with ordinary first aiders.

A ruling is now laid down and shou ld be assiduously practised.

The changes in the Transport se tion wil l affect Brigade members mostly and I think it is worth while here to draw Cittention to the meth od of Formation of quads, which is now of cours e different from the lanual of Drill and Camping.

The bearers are fi rst sized and then the ord e given, "From the right at half a pace interva l Right Dress. Eyes Front." :':umber from t h right and then prove the bearers as follo\\ s. " Front rank, odd numbers, number one beare Stand at Ease." "Even numbers, number t\\ f) bearers, Stand at Ease." "Rear rank, odd number <" number three bearers, Stand at Ease," and la th , "Even numbers, number four bear rs, tand Ease. II Nos.:2 and + bearers lead ou tin front f r their stretchers and return from the rcar. T i'e No.3 bearer has to take a pace to the r ar to c o lform with No.4.

Squads are numbered in the ordinary way, t he No.1 bearers numbering.

In Piling Stretchers the l. and 4- lead out in succession, pile their stretchers and return fro Pl the rear. \iVhen in position the order "Rea rank one forward, "0.Iarch," bring the t\\ J ranks into their original positions.

This, I think, is definitely easier ' than our 0 method.

Readers will notice in the hand seat secti on that the human stretcher has been clone away wit h. In the four handed seat bearers grasp wrists ae; before, but in the three handed seat the lower en J of the forearm is grasped.

The introduction into the appendices of su ggestions for Carbo[l Dioxide in Artificial Respir ation, Methods of Use of Tannic Acid on Bur ns and a full description of the Thomas Splint for o ur V.A.D.'s will interest those to whom it m ay concern.

In conclusion, I want to take this opportuni ty of expressing, both as a mem ber of the Revisi on Committee and as an ardent student of first a id, my whole hearted appreciation of the work whi ch the Chairman of the Revision Committee, Ca pt. Cahusac, has done in compiling this book I doubt if it will ever be fully realised what a n

FIRST

astounding amount of sometimes very trying work (a nd members of a Revision Committee can often be very trying) he has put in to complete it. We all wish him a speedy recovery from his illness and a quick return to II The Gate. II

The Hospitallers' Club.

TilE annual dinner of the Club was held on Saturday, February 19th, and was graced by the presence of four Knights of Grace of The Order of St. John: Dr. Corbet Fletcher ( urgeonin-Chief), H. \\'. Fincham (Librarian of The Order), Commissioner S. Emberton, No.6 Di trict, and County Commissioner H. Langley Jones (Hertfo rd hire).

Owil1R to bereavement, l\Ir. J. tanding-ford (the president) was unable to be pre cnt. The members and guests were received by G. Green (\ ice-pre ident) and ;\]r Green.

l\ftLr the Loptl loast had been honoured, Dr. Corbet Fletcher rosc lO propo e "The IIo pitallers' Club." He co mmenced toast with a wilt} story and the call" Good! r\ext, please!!" was ans\\'ered \\'ith a spontaneous" Tut, Tut." Dr. Fletchcr referred to his earl) associations with the Club which from it - inception had social intercourse as its main object. The (Jr t meeting- \\"as held at the Empire Cafe on ;\lay 14lh, 1920. ix of the orig-inal members were Lidd e ll, lctllard, Perry, \\'arren, Ja c kson and :\e,\·ton He had had gloriou times at til Club's meeting and, by fri e ndh inter c ourse, the Club no\\' in its 19th year, e ndca\:oured to carr) out its objects. -

:\[r. Green, in acknowledgmcnt, thanked Dr. Fletcher io r his words of prai e. IIe W et rarticularl) intere ted to h ear from Dr. 1'1 tcher regarding the dill1cultie that the C lub had to contend with at ils commencement. But for h is member s hip of the Club he would not haw met "Daddy" Pi e r to \\'hom he owed his urst slart on the ladder vf p r o motion.

:\lr Langley Jone lwho ,va pre ident of the Club in 19 22) proposed "Our Gue t " lIe e pecially mentioned \Iderman Vyvyan 'V eils (Finchley "C. D.C.), members of the Lady Hospilallcrs' lub, 'If r. Emberton, :\lr. Fincham, Dr. a nd l\lrs. Craggs, Capt. and I\lrs. FyfTe ha\\·.

Alderman \Vells responded in a humorous vein, thanking the member for their kind hospitality.

The toast of II The Chairman II "va rroposed by i\lr. A. E. \Vells, immediate past pr sident. I\lr. Green \Va an orig-inal member of the Ashford, Kent, Division. He took over the Public Duty Officer's work from Capt. Goodley and in this oflice he was responsible for the enormous number of duties at music halls, cinemas, sports, exhibitions, etc. How he does it some of us hardly realise.

l\1r. Green, on rising to respond, was recei\'ed by musica l honour s . lIe thanked the members for the support they g-ave him. It was o nl y by their assistance that he was able to do his job as Public Duty Olller. He was indeed sorry at the absence of 1r. Standingford. Ir. Green paid tribute to the assistance given him in his work by 1\1rs. Green.

The speeches were interspered by musical item s, the programme having been arra nged by Ir. F. E. Stallard. I was unfortunate that owing to indisposition he was unable to be present and a message of good wishes was se n t to him from the members.

The Lady Hospitallers' Club.

kr the annua l general meeting held at I\'orthampton I nsti tu te, the reti ring presiden t, rs. l\l orrish, presided. 1 he minutes of the last annual general meeting were read and confirmed, followed by the presentation of the balance sheet by Miss Emerson, the treasurer, and proved very satisfactory. The secretary, :\lrs. \Voolford, thf'n read her report. The membership now stands at 70, and the Club has welcomed 19 new members during the year, although it is regretted that it had lost 8 members.

The election of officers then took place, which r esulted as follows :- President, ;\lrs. Webber; vice--president, Miss Ho\ves; secretary, i\lrs. \Voolford; treasurer, :'11 iss Emerson; committee, 1\lrs. ::\lorrish, Miss Cook, ::\liss Swann, :'t1iss 1yson and Miss Tuck, 1\1. B. E. l\linton and Miss Mc Dowell were chosen as auditors for the ensuing year.

A pleasing little ceremony concluded the meeting when the retiring president, Mrs ::\lorrish, invested :\lrs. Webber with the badge of office, wishing her a pleasant year of office as she did so.

On February 12th the Club met for the purpose of hearing a talk by -:\1rs Trounson, from the Health and Cleanliness Council. She chose as her subject" \\'oman-The Health -:\laker." She stressed the point that upon the women depends the health and well-being of the family. She considered that women should have more influence in town planning and housing sclwmes, so that the homes could be run on such hygienic lines, that the formation of slums in the future would be an impossibility.

On Saturday afternoon, March 5th, R. Gentry, Esq., J. P., entertained the Club \\'ith an interesting lecture on II Ho" - London Gets its Pure \Vater Supply."

:\Jr. Gentry, who is a co -opted member of the :\letropolitan \Yater Board, began his talk by an account of how London obtained '\\'ater in the :\liddle Ages, going back as far as the 13th century. By the skilful use of tatistics the lecturer was able to show what a colossal work the Board undertook, in supplying the teeming millions of London's population with the a\'erage of 37 gallon'> per head. He explained how all this water is purified by means of filtration and chlorination.

The Club is opel": to all Lady Officers in I\' o. 1 District, S.J. A. B. Any new officers will be warmly welcomed and they should ""rite for particulars of membership to 1\lrs. \\'oolford, 15, Tyrone-road, East Ham, E.6.

Halesowen won the II Dewar" Shield eliminating competition of the 'V orcestershire Corps, S.J.A. B., and were a'\\'arded the" Frank Somers" Cup.

The annual dinnt!r of the Market Drayton Di\'ision, .J.A.B., was held recently, 1\Ir. J. \V. :\Iartin, \'icechairman, l\[arket Drayton C.D.C., presided, and presented the awards.

NOTICE.

Owing to the Easter Holidays falling so near the press day for the April issue of "First Aid," will readers please forward reports to reach the Editor not later than April 6th.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Headquarters and District Reports.

Brigade Headquarters

A.R.P.- The next week-end course will be held in London on l\Iarch 26th and 27th, at the Great Central Hotel, London.

Applications should be made as early as possible so that ample accommodation can be provided. At these courses members of organisations other than the St. John Ambulance Brigade are welcomed proyiding there are yacancies still available.

No. I (prince of Wales's) District

NORTHERN AREA.-The Area oompetition for the CI Massey" Competition was held on February 18th, at the drill hall of the Hampstead Division.

The competition was under the supervision of County Surgeon N. W. Hammer.

Dr. Koebner judged the team test and Drs. Korn and Kennedy the individual; District Officer C. T. Osborn inspected the uniforms.

The result was a win for Cricklewood points) closely followed by St. Pancras Division points).

Asst. Commissioner Capt. VV. Arthur Rees congratulated the winners and expressed the hope that they would be successful in the District finals.

The Cricklewood Division will also represent the Area in the" Osborn" competition.

EAST LOI\TJ)ON.-Some 500 dancers were present at the Grand Novelty D ance held in aid of the funds of the No. 30 and No. 76 Ambulance and Nursing (East London) Divisions. In addition to the number present some 200 persons had to be refused admission, the contract of the hall nat allowing for more than 500.

The main attraction of the evening was "In Town To-night," presented by Jack BIoom£eld the undefeated cruiser weight champion of the British Empire. Among the well-known personalities were Miss P eggy Desmond, the well-known Radio Syncopated Pianist; Mr. George Elrick, late of Henry Hall's Band; Miss Pat Hyde, the well-known crooner; and Mr. Lawrence Wright better known as " Horatio Nicholls" the well-known and popular composer.

Mr Wright presented three silver cups to the winners of the" Lawrence Wright Singing Competition ", for the best rendition of any of his published numbers as follows: 1st Mr. Lew Brody, 2nd Mr. Freddie Phieffer; 3rd Miss Rose Lyons.

Catering was carried out by nurses of the No. 76 Division, and members of the ' No 623 Division did valuable service.

Tribute should be paid to the combined Social Committee and especially to the Chairman, Mr. A. Goldstein, and to the Secretary, Miss S. Ruderman, who by their hard work made the dance the most successful function ever arranged by the East London Divi sions. Mr. S. S. Cohen was the capable master of ceremonies.

The guests included District Officer Capt. L. L. Franks and Mrs. Franks, District Officer T. McBride and

Mrs. McBride, Lady District Offic er Miss Masson, Diy Surgeon M. B. Jay and Mrs. Jay, Dr. J. M. Rafalowsky and others.

LAINDON.-SUPt. H. J. Ginbey has received from the Laindon Group of Tor H a letter of commendation of the services of Mr. \V. tkins, a member of the Laindon Division.

This member treated the infant son of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Lovewell, who also endorsed the letter, who had been knocked down on the London-Southend Arterial Road and sustained a fractured skull and other injuries, which according to the letter would have proved fatal but for the prompt attention and first aid rendered.

Th e letter continues "There is no doubt that it was through his (Mr. Atkins) martness and attention that the child is alive to-day, and I thought that an action of this description carried out so expeditely was worth bringing to your notice as he not only upheld the traditions of the Brigade but proved his "alue with a thorough knowledge of first aid."

WESTMINSTER. - rrangements for the formation of an Ambulance Division in Westminster are now well advanced. A course of lectures on first aid, commenced on 1arch 2nd at the Westminster City Clinic, Ebury Bridge; the services of Dr. F. A. Bearn as lecturer having been secured.

A second course will be arranged if there appear to be sufficient demand.

Any man interested is invited to get into touch with Mr. J. E. Brown, either at Ehury Bridge on Wednesday evenings (6-8 p.m.) or at 42, Sutton Road, N.lO. Dr. A. L. Banks, a well-known figure in Central Area until a few years ago, has consented to become Div. Surgeon of the Division when formed.

A class of instruction on Home Nursing for men will be held at the Aldersgate Ward Schools, 181, Aldersgate Street E.C.1 ) commencing on Wednesday, April 27th, at 7 o'clock p.m. The Course will consist of twelve lectures, six of which will be given by a Surgeon.

The fee, including examination, 3s. 6d. Cost of textbook, 1s. 6d.

Applications should be made to the class secretarY, Div. Supt. F. W. Bishop, 208, Downhills Park Road, Tottenham, N.17.

A course of lectures on Home Nursing for men will com mence on March 23rd at the No.2 Health Centre, 217, Lisson Grove, N.W.1, at 6.30 p.m Course consists of eight lectures by W . Boy ten, S.R.N., A.R.I.P.H .H., A.S.S.eM., and the fee is 5s. including textbook , examination, etc.

A course of lecture s on A.R P. and treatment of gas casualties will also be held in the same Centre. The lectures will commence at 8.15 p.m. and run for six weeks.

Men and women are invited to enrol. Fee 5s. including hooks, etc.

FIRST

Applications for both courses should be made to D iv. Supt. W. V. M. Allen, Western District Post Office , Wimple Street, W.l.

No. IT District

BRISTOL.-We regret to announce the death of Mr. Egbert A. A. Webb) which occmred early this month.

For many years Mr. Webb was an ambulance Officer in the Brigade and at his death still held the office of secretary of the Bristol Centre S.J.A.A., a position he too k over in 1920.

His work in first aid was recognised many years ag-o hy The Ord er of St. John admitting him as a Serving Brother and in 1934 he was promoted to the rank of Officer. He was also the holder of the Service Medal of the Order.

During his secretaryship of the Centre some 14 .000 c;tndents had passed through his hands, and he organised t he annual competitions of the Bristol Centre. \Vehb, who \Va'> 73 years of age, had recen tly h('e n elected a vire President of the Central Division.

A Guard 0 f Honour by members of the Brigade was forme d at the funeral service which took place on Saturda\', r-.Tarch 5th.

The Brigade \vas represented by R. E. Bush (Knight of Grace. Order of St. John of Jerusalem), Dr. H. J. Kyle, orman Burgess (lady superintendent, represe nting Major Norman Burgess. County Commissi oner). County Officer A. Cotton, County Secretary H. Trott. County Officer G. T. Usher. and representatives of many Divisions.

No. ill District.

DlJDT F.Y.-The annual competition for the "Ollis" Shield, open to Ambulance teams of the Dudley and Distr ict Corps, was held last month when five teams co mpeted.

Corps Surgeon F. G. Lewis (team) and Div. Surgeon \"'1. ),Turrlock, 1.C. (viva voce) were the judges; Corps Office r E. Lakin and Supt. H. Mill, timekeepers; Staff Sergt D. Tones , orderlv officer. The competition was under thc c11arge of Corps Supt. A. Winhow.

Among- others present were County Officer P. H Schofie ld , Corps Officers C. Ollis and B. Dunn, Diy. Supts. W. Ollis. of Dudley, W. Robinson, City Gas Division, Birmi ngham, Lady Supts. Miss E. Ollis (Dudley), Miss S. Wakefield (Kinver), and P. Hamblett (Lye) and a good numb er of representatives of Ambulance and Nursing Diyis ions.

Corps Supt. Win bow thanked Dr. Lewis and Dr. ;"1urdock for jUdging the teams) and announced the results as follows :-Stourbridge 251 points, Tipton 228 , Dudley 220 Kinver 173, M.E C. (Tipton), 134!.

The members of the winning team were :-Amb. Officer A. E. Roden (captain), Lance-Corp!' O. F. Sawtill. Priva tes 1. T. A. Wyatt, W. H. Weston J. H. Martin and G. H. Berry (reserve).

Dr. Lewis presented the "Ollis" Shield to Amb. Office r Rowden, and congratulated the winners. He also exp ressed his pleasure in the part he had taken, and spoke of the high standard of work done by the teams

Dr. Murdock gave some useful advice and hints to the te ams on competition work.

A splend id tea was prepared by the members of the Ly e Nursing Division, who were heartily thanked on the propositio n of Corps Officer C. Ollis.

AID 225

No. IV District LANCASHIRE.

AINTREE.-On February 11th the Aintree Division (Liverpool Corps) held a concert at the Conservative Rooms, and during the evening Councillor E. presented to the members efficiency awards and ServIce Chevrons. Corps Officer E. M. Moore (in charge of Group No.2) was also present. .

During the past year this division covered 464 dutIes at their Road Hut and treated 97 cases, 22 of which were removed to hospital.

LIVERPOOL.-The competItlOn for the "Lister" Cup was held on Feburary 26th, nine teams competing. The competition is open to divisions of the Liverpool Corps for teams of five and the rules contain a regulation that the winning must change one bearer if competing the following year.

Div. Surgeon G. G. Wallace Hay (British Insulated Cables Division) prepared and judged the team test, and W. H. Broad (Div. Surgeon, Liverpool Transp ort Division) officiated in the individual tests. The team test was a supposed crash between a motor cyclist and a brick wall, the rider being thrown over the latter. Teams found the patient suffering from concussion complicated fracture of ribs , compound fracture of right tibia and fibula, also shock. A stretcher had to be improvised and carried over the wall. There was also petrol escaping and so the order " No smoking" was enforced.

The West Derby Division were placed first and they recelved the "Lister" Cup from Col. D. C. Leyland Orton (Corps Surgeon and Supt. Liverpool Corps) together with individual rose bowls. The runner-up, Liverpool Central, who tied for first place, but whose individual marks were lower than those gained by East Derby, were presented with carriage clocks.

A large crowd witnessed the competition and among those present were Corps Secretary W. E. Searl, Mr. W. J. Grace (President, Liverpool Central Division), Div. Surgeon Duncan (Liverpoo l Gas Co. Division) Corps Officers E. M. Moore and T. W. James.

PRESTON.-The Preston Corps was well represented at the Investure held last month at the Chancery of the Order of St. John. St. John's Gate, London. Corps Supt. Capt. E. F. Millington and Corps Officer and Secretary J as. A. Lendrum received the insignia as Officers of the Order, having been promoted from Serving Brothers. whilst Lady Div. Supt. Miss D. Myres (High School Division) Clnd Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Harrison (Preston tc A " Division) were invested as Serving Sisters. Capt. Millington was admitted to The Order in 1912, had been Corps Officer and Treasurer for 25 years, and Corps Superintendent since 1931.

Corps Officer Lendrum has instructed civilians and members of the borough and county Police in first aid for over 20 years. He holds the King George V Jubilee Medal.

Both Miss Myres and Mrs. Harrison served as V A.D.s durina' the war. •

Miss Mvres was appointed superintendent of the Preston High School (Old Girls) Nursing Division in 1927, and is the holder of the Seryice Medal.

Mrs Harrison has been a m cm ber for 28 yea rs and also holds the Service Medal.

No. V District

The annual competitions for teams in orth Staffo rdshi re Area were held on February 26th at Hanley.

Thirteen teams competed, the Judges heing Dr. A. T. ox (team), Dr. P eager (individual) and Dr .T L. Lowe (viva yoce).

Commis ioner Sydney \V. presided and paid tribute to the progre s of the w o rk in the Stafford hire Area.

He presented a Service Medal to Pte. C. Attwood and a first bar to Amb. Offic e r J. Broadhurst.

Uttoxeter "A" with 32n m a rks gained first place and the Challenge Bowl, Blythe Bridge 322i, being second, gained the Burslem and District Co-operative Shield. Private G. Paton, of Ford Green, won the individual prize.

Mrs. E. W. 1Iontford, before presenting the trophies, received her badge of office as Lady Vice-President of the Nursing Divisions from the Commissioner.

The preliminary competitions of the Nottinghamshire Area were held at Nottingham and Mansfield on Saturday, February 19th, the four leading teams in each section meeting in the final held on Sunday, February 20th, at the Nottingham University College.

In the final Bentinck Colliery and Carrington tied for first place and after a further test the Bentinck team was declared the winner.

Asst. Commissioner Capt. P. Muschamp congratulated the members on the fact that 17 teams took part this year as against 12 on the previous occasion.

He presented the C< Area" Cup to the Bentinck Colliery, who will represent the area at the No.5 District Finals; and the C< Hutton" Bowl to Carrington.

No. VI District

The Durham County Finals were held on Saturday, February 12th, at Gateshead. Drs. C. Bainbridge, T. D. Shanks, R. M. Macdonald and G. W. Spark were the judges.

The results were:-

(( Gibbon" Bowl: 1, Clara Vale Colliery Division, 313; 2, Chilton Colliery Division, 276.

" Palmer" Trophy (teams of miners): 1, Dean and Chapter Colliery, 349; 2, Hetton-Ie-Hole , 345.

The winning teams in both competitions will compete in the No. 6 District finals to be held at Darlington on March 26th.

C< Durham" Bronze Shield: 1, Hetton-Ie-Hole Colliery, 356; 2 , Dean and Chapter.

The final competition for the C< Coroner Graham" Challenge Shield was held on March 5th, at Sunderland, when Eppleton "D" team repeated their success of last year, beating Dean and Chapter, last year's runners-up.

The Deputy Mayor of Sunderland (Alderman Miles Walton) presented the Challenge Shield to the winning team, and the (( North Mail" Shield to the runners-up.

County Officer H. C. Grace presided in the absence of County Commissioner S. Emberton.

No. V1ll (Duke of Connaught's) District

The annual District Competitions will take place on Saturday, April 30th, at Folkestone. Winning teams of the County or Area Competitions will compete for the honour of representing the No.8 Distric t in the Brigade Finals.

The combined three-county inspection, Kent, Surrey and Sussex, representing the No.8 District, will be held at Herne Bay, by special invitation of the Herne Bay Urban District Conncil.

The Chief Commi simler, John Duncan, will be he Inspecting Officer.

HORSIIA \l. - Asst. Commissioner J. B. Flavin carried o ut the inspection of the Horsham Division last month. The parade was under the command of upt. W. E Jupp and for the first time a T ursing Division, which \Vas formed some six months ago, paraded under Lady upt. 11i s Assheton Biddulph.

After squad drill. stretcher drill and other exercises a nd tests had been given, Asst. Commissioner Flavin congratulated the parade on its efficiency He referred to the A.R.P. duties, but emphasized the point that this work should not overshadow first aid work. The inspecting officer was plea ed that a ursing Division had b e en formed and he wi hed them every success.

Asst. Commissioner D. Bryce, who had so much to do with the initial formation of the Division was present 111 an unofficial capacity.

LENIIAM.- upt. C. H. Groom announced that 50 per cent. of the members of the Lenham Division hav e qualified for A.R.P. Certificates, including one Grade 1 and three Grade 2 instructors.

Sixty-four oases were attended last year and 8 9 patients removed by the ambulance, which travelled nearl ) 3,000 miles. In addition 19 road accidents were attende d

last year members of the ),Iai dstone Division attended 5,761 cases including 5,278 invalI d removals and 234 road accidents. 1ileage by th e ambulances was 46,462.

A new ambulance (the fourth) had been added to th e Division and a new Ambulance Diyision was to be forme d, this being Aylesford (Reeds) Divi"ion.

FIRST

At1he annual meeting held last month, 11'. T. Temple Roberts (President), who presided, announced that a new ambulance would be purchased and that a public appeal would be made for .£500 towards the cost. It had been dccided that the new car should be a 25 h.p. Vauxhall. The President hoped that Supt. Wenl110th's appeal for new Jl1embers would be answered.

The trea mer's report was presented and adopted.

The secretary recorded that since the last annual meeting County Surgeon E. S. Toogood had been invested King at Buckingham Palace as a Serving Brother o t 1he Order, and upt. \Venllloth had received a Coronation lledal. Congratulations were extended to the mcn's team for winning the" County" Shield and the boys ior winning the" Cadet" Trophy for the third time.

Supt. Wen moth rcported oycr 100 cases attended las t year, 12 road accidents involving a mileage of 265 :l l1d 119 removals with a mileage of 2,767. '

Lady Supt. Mrs. J. M. Thomas report e d attendanc e at 4-5 public duties and assi t a nce rendcrcd at 65 ambulanc e ca , e s.

Mr. lIarry opplc tone reported that at his first aiel po st at Lon e Iill", h e attended 50 ca:, c during the year,

AID 227

Referring to ambulance work in the County, Col. Blackwood announced that it had been as heavy as ever last year. He was pleased to see that so many DlvlslOns were building their own headquarters. The C?unty would soon be taking action under the AIr RaIds Precautions Bill and this ,';ould mean additional work for the Brigade.

Coxswain T. Cocking and Commander II. V. (of the L.S.A.) also addressed the gathering. thank111g those who had co-operated in the assistance of the ",.'recked seamen.

Proposing the toast (( St. Ives Ambulance Diyision " the Mayor (Councillor C. W. Burrow) said he was interested to learn that the ambulance had travelled 3723 miles during 1937 . He was proud to think that there so young men willing to giye up their time to learn fir aIel.

Mr. F. C. :Matthe\V, in response, said that attendances dl ills an? clas es had been atisfactory, and that work 111 with A.R.P. had begun , some member ha\ IIl O' passed their certificate.

Supt. Care reported that 14-3 remoyals had been

No. IX

District LISKE.\RD.-On the occasion of the Annual Dinner of the Liskeard Division presentation of a photograph of th e Division was made to F. Temple Roherts ( th President) in recognition of the services he had rend e r ed Supt. H. H. Wen moth, who presided, in making th e presentation said that the members were grateful to ;"[ r. Roberts and his colleagues for the manner in which the y ran the Division's finances.

In acknowledging the aift Mr. Roberts recalled th e g rowth of the Division, and said he was sure that th work would continue efficiently under the leadership of Supt. Wenmoth and Lady Supt. Mrs. J. M. Thomas. H e particularly mentioned the tireless work clone by Mr s. H. 1. Young (Lady President), 11r. C. W. Wainwright (hon. secretary of the Centre), and Mr. E. O. Samu el (hon secretary of the Division).

lr. A. Hugh (hon. treasurer) welcomed the visitors t o which Mr. F. H. Wherby (stationmaster) replied. H e had been doing ambulance work for 30 years and w as very much struck by t he tenderness and s y mpathy sho wn by members of the Division when they brDught patien ts to the station and put them on trains.

Capt. R. J. V. Falkner replied in a typically humor ous manner.

Mr. B. C. Harward, as a voluntary driver for t he Orthopaedic Clinic, acknowledged that the Ambulan ce Division was one of their greatest helps, whilst Mr. B. C. Harward, hon. solicitor , thanked the members for duti es given to the Rugby Club.

Mrs. Falkner expressed her willingness to have a joint fete at Moorswater Manor in the summer for th e Cottage Hospital cl11d the Brigade.

HI COllrit.lyl [Letchworth Cz't/;:;eJl

Group of OHicer and Trophy vVinners at the Annual Dinner of the Letchworth Division. eated from le!l to right : ional Surgeon] ohn Clay, 1\1 rs. Harold Craske (President N ursinO" Division) \Ir. Harold ra. ke (PresJd;.nt, Ambulance Di\'i ion), Lady upt. E. Atkins, Count;' Commissioner H: Langley Jone, Ir ;\rnold \t\ 11 on, 7'll.P:. of Grace), Supt. W. E. Douglas, Corps Officer]. R. Petts (county stafT), Corps Officer T. C. Forbes, and Amb. Officer C. H. Badcock.

a nd th a t since 1936 \\ hell [he post \\ as op e ned, h e had t n:a ted 200 pa tl en ts.

.i\Ir. Ackford (l\lcnh e iot) said that at his nrt aiel po st he had att e nded 6 cases during the year one a ball\' of 18 whose l,ife was saved by pron;pt attentio;l w hile awaltl11g the arrn' a] of the doctor.

?T. Divisional President, Joshua D a niel, J.P., preSided at the annual dinner of the St. I ves Division, and · paid tribute to the work done at a wreck whereby suffering and pain was ()'reatly 111 11111111 eel.

In reply to l:is. toast Col. W. Blad{wood, D.S.O., 1I.B. (County CommlsslOner), referring to the rescue work ca lled on the amhulance men to drink the health of the me n of the Lifeboat and the Life Saving Apparatus. He Supt. Care on his work, and stated ih.at all Lifeboats throughout Cornwall were linked up With the Brigade.

carried out last year, and 7 road accidents attended. They had five first aid po ts in the Boroug·h.

Thanks to the Chai rman concluded th; speeche During the c\ ening a telephone messao-e was received from j\(r. Alec Beechman . :JLP. for St. hes \\'i hil1CY the Briaade every success.

No. X District ORITUARY.-We

regret to announce the death of l\lajor J. H. Gilbertson, V.D., :M.R.C.S., L.R.c.P on February at Hitchin, at the age of 77.

Dr. GIlbertson had been associated ",ith the teachino of aid for oyer year and wa recommended a of The Order of t. John by the Great Northern Railway 1I1 1913, becoming an Officer in Tune 1926. He also held the ervice :Medal of The Order.'

He was appointed Divisional Surgeon and Treasurer

FIRST to the Hitchin Division in 1910) and was Hon. Treasurer at the time of his death.

In 1923 he was appointed A No. 10 District, in charge of Hertfordshlre. Reslgntng that appointment in 1935). he .was to Reserye. Since then he had mal11tal11ed hIS mterest m Bngade work, particularly in that of .the Hitchin Division, and was pre ent at recent Inspections.

At the funeral on February 26th the pall-bearcrs, Corps Officer T. C. Forbes (representing the Count) Commissioner H. Lanaley Jones), Corps Officer J. R. Petts, Supt. G. \V. Cooper (Hitch in), Supt. Vv. E. Douglas (Letc1nvorth), Supt. C. Greenwood (Steyenage) and Supt. L. W. Seely (Royston).

A large party of members of. the about SO of all ranks-representmg Hltchm, Letchworth, Baldock, Royston and St evenage Ambulance Divisions, and Letch'worth Nursing Division, followed the coffin to the cemetery under the charge of Amb. Officer C. .E. A floral tribute from the members of the Bngaue III the County "\ as laid on the grave by Corps Officer T. C. Forbes on behalf of the County Commissioner, and a wreath from the Hitchin Division hy the Divisional Superintendent. Afterwards all mcmhers filed past the grave. .

The Brigade arrangements were earned out most efficiently by Supt. G. \V. Cooper.

"In times of bereavement or of joy he shared the lives of hundreds, and he held an enviable position in the affections of all who came in contact with him."Hertfordshire Express.

IpSWICH .-An accident involving difficult rescue work occurred on February 2nd at a warehouse in Ipswich.

The foreman noticed clothing belonging to a workman and sent Mr. Stone, an S.J.A.B. man, to investigate the staging at the top of the third floor) found the man naked except for his boots. The revolv111g elevator shaft had ap.parently caught the bib of his overall and swuna him round until it had stripped him of his clothing. Police, Doctor and ambulance were quickly summoned, and on arrival they found it necessary to climb three fire escapes in order to reach the man. Before he could be lowered to the floor part of the staging had to be cut away. An ordinary stretcher was too large and a smal.ler one was improvised with two pieces of board, to whIch the patient was lashed. Eventually he was lowered to the distance of 7S feet-by means of ropes and pulleys, the proceedings taking- over an hour.

A doctor and Messrs. Hill and Woollard) the two men in charge of the ambulance, attended the man, assisted by the police. The injuries were a broken neck and three fractures to an arm. Unfortunately the patient died from his injuries after a week. -

At the annual meeting of the Maids·one and District Corps, S.J.A. B., Aldt"rman J. H. French, deputy mayor, who presided, presented a silver tea servicc, on behalf of the Corps, to Corps Officer A. Wilkins who has recently resigned from the position of Corps Secretary, a position he held for 8 years.

Corps Supt. C. Tapley, Alsager and District Corps, presided at the fourth annual dinner of the Kidsgrove and Goldenhill Division, S.J .A. B. Mrs. Peters, wife of Dr. Peters, presented the awards and received on behalf of Dr. Peters a Doulton figure presented by Supt. Hancock in appreciation of the doctor's service to the division.

AID Reviews .

GAS-A SYNOPSIS OF DEFENCE AGAINST.

By John Fenton, M B., B.Ch., B.A.O., D.P.H. London: Dale, Reynolds c Co. Ltd., 46, Cannon. t., E.C.4. Pn'cf' IS.

11t'/, b)' post IS. rd.

Within a few months of publication this little but most useful Synopsis of Defence against Chemical \Varfare has run into a econd edition. Facts speak more eloquently than words; and so little further comment from us is necessary.

This edition bas been enlarged by four pages to lI1c1ud e a full description of the civilian respirator, while lhe genera l principles (If the decontamination of materials no\\ included in the syllabus for instructors and first aId personnel. Here and there throughout the book minor additions to (and slight rearrangement of) the subject mattel ha ve been made.

In short, once again we cordially the book ll; our readers. vVe know that, after studYIng Ils content they will be duly grateful, especially on the of examina tion, to its author who is the Deputy MedIcal Officer 0 Health of Eastbourne and a County Surgeon of the t. J oh T' Amhulance Brigade.

DurhalTI, Cl eve l a nd a nd Westmorl an( District s Ambul a nc e League.

SOME fifty teams entered for this year's ant divisional competitions were held to deCIde \\'hl :h team shOuld compete in the final tests.

At the 6nals held on February 19th, at Durham, D r F. ]. Whitley, of Newcastle, and Dr. W. Hud on, Bedlington, judged the work in the senior tests; Dr. P. I· O'Kelly, of Boldon, and Dr. A. T. Woodward, of Sunder · land the junior event. The result were:

, eniors.-1 (" Donald Bain " shield and gold medal North Skelton A, 239! points; 2 (" Commillee " cup am silver medals), Eppleton, 228; 3, Crookhall, of furton, 221 ; 5, lainsforth, 210l The" Heath " fo stretcher work was awarded to 1\lainsforth, and the L. Dillon" cup to Eppleton as the best team in the Seahal Division.

Juniors. -1 (" Elizabeth Bain" shield), Harraton Co l· liery, points; 2, Bowburn " C," 22-1 ; 3, Ou ton" E 221 i 4, North Skelton" D," Mr. W. B. Brown, Senior Inspector of l\11l1es ft Durham , presided at the presentation of awar.ds and recalle J that the senior compet ition was inaugurated by th late Mr. R. Donald Bain, while acting as a m1l1es JI1spe ct ev in Durham, with the co-operation of owners an ..! officials. The junior event was founded In 1927 and t.b e trophy presented by the widow of the late 1\1r. Ban The name of Mr. Donald Bain would ever be held i n affectionate remembrance.

The awards were presented by Mr. Donald C. Bain , a grandson of the late Mr. Donald Bain, and he was thank ed on the motion of Mr. W. E. Goodenough of Consett Ir on Co., seconded by Mr. W. Wainwright, Inspector of Mil1l s at Durham. Thanks were also expressed to the

The Secretary was Mr. George Watkin who for 54 years has been actively interested in first aid and work. He has acted as secretary to the competItIOn S1l1 c e 1922

Priory for Wales.

AMI3UL\NCE CO ,\1PETITIONS AT NATIONAL EISTEDI)[.'on.

As Cardiff, the "home town)) of the Priory for Wales, is the venue of the Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales this year, the ambulance competitions, which are organised by the Priory, may well be expected to figure prominently in the programme arranged for August Bank Holiday week.

A special innovation which will attract a number of teams which deserve to be commended on their pioneer sp irit in attaining efficiency in the additional subject of Air Raid Precautions is a competition open to teams of five members in po ession of A. R. P. certificates of whom the captai n only may hold an instru..:tor's certificate. This takes place on \Vednesday, Auguc;l 3rd, and mOlletary prizes of £5, £3 and £1 will be a\.\'arded to the lirst three teams with srecial medals to each member of the first team.

The ambulance contests will be held on Monday, Tuesday, and \\' dnesday, August 1 t, 2nd and 3rd and the following are the main events :-

The" Lady Lewis" Cup of the Priory for Wales, open to team of five men, one of whom shall act as member-incharge. Each member of the team mu hold a Fir t Aid Certificat of the rder of St. John, British Red Cross ociet\ or the St. .\ndrew' Ambulance Association at the date entry. The prizes are £,10, £5 and £1, and a specia l medal of re g i t red design by the Priory for Wales to each member of the team winning- the fir5t prize.

The" Lady Bute )I Cur of the Priory, open to teams of four women, one of whom shall act as member-in-charge. Each member of the team must hold a First Aid and Home 'ur ing rerti ficate of the Order of t. John, British Red Cross ociet)', or the t. Andre\V's Ambulance Association at the date of entry. Prizes of {;, £,{ and £1 will be awarded, and asp cial medal presented by the Priory to each member of the winning team.

The "Trc\'ethin)) hield, with prizes of £,5, £,3 and £1. and a srecia lm dal to each member the of team winning the first prize; will be contested by team of five men resident in \Val es or l\lonmouthshire, each holdinu- a First Aid Certificate of the rder of t. John, British Red Cross ocietv, or the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association at the date of enlry.

The 1/ Silurian)) hield, with prizes of £{, £2 8s Od. and i.., I, and recial medals, is ope n to tea I1lS of four women resident in Wale or 1\10nll1outh hire, one of whom shall act as member-in-charge. Each member of tIle teams must hold a First Aid and Home Nursing 'e rtiflcate of the Order of Sl. John, Briti h Red Cross Sccietv, or the St. Andrew's Amb ulance Association at the date of entry.

The" Isca" Shield, with prizes of £3, £,2, and £,1, and a special medal, is open to teams of boys under 18 years of age, resident in South Wales or l\lonmouthshire. They must be accredited Illembers of onc of the following organisations :-St. John Cadet, British Red Cross Society Juniors, Boy Scouts, Boys' Brigade, Church Lads' Brigade, vVelfare Centres, U rdd Gobaith Cymru, etc. A team shall consist of five, one of whom shall act as mem ber-in-charge, and each must hold a First Aid Certificate of the Order of St. John, British Red Cross Society, or the St. Andrew's Am bulance Association at the date of enty.

The "Gwent" Shield, with prizes of £,2 8s. Od £,1 12s. Od. and £1, and special medals, is open to teams of gi rls under 18 years of age, resident in 'Vales or Monmouthsh ire. They must be accredited members of one of the

following- organisations :-St. John Cadets, British Red Cross Society Juniors, Girl Guides, Welfare Centres, rdd Gobaith Cymru, etc. A team shall consist of four, one of whom shall act as member-in-charge, and each must hold a First Aid and Home Nursing Certificate of the Order of St. John, British Red Cross Society or the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association at the date of entry.

Welsh speaking enthusiasts will be interested in two contests for teams of boys and girls under the conditions similar to those for the Isca and Gwent trophies, which will be conducted entirely in Welsh.

RES ULT OF FIRST CADET NATIO"lALS.

Competitions are proving an effective means of stimulating interest among the Cadet members of the Brigade in \Vales who now number 3,38{ boys and 1,120 which is over a quarter of the total strength of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Home and Overseas; and a remarkably high standard of efficiency was demonstrated at the first national cadet competitions organised by the Priory on Saturday, February 26th.

The contests were arranged in two age grou ps, the junior section (12 to 16 years) being judged on the preliminary textbook and the seniors (16 to 18 years) on the official textbook; and cups were presented to the Priory hy Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., Assistant Lady Supt.-in-Chief for Wales, for junior girls; Capt. L. Twiston Davies, O. B. E., J. P., D. L., F.S.A., Assistant Commissioner for 10nmouthshire, for senior bors i and Lady County Officer 1\1rs. L. Twiston Davies, J .P., for junior boys. The adjudication was carried out by Dr. Urban Marks, Commissioner for Swansea; Assistant County Surgeon J. P. J. Jenkins, Corps Surgeons

G. S. Phillips (Gwaun-cae-Gurwen), E. Orr CWattstown), J. Prosser Da\'ies (Hengoed), and Divisional Surgeons

C. A. Bence (Cardiff) and A. 1. Robertson (Treherbert).

Althougb excitement ran high and the attraction of participating in the finals after success in eliminating contests was enhanced by the impressive surroundings of the City Hall, the teams carried out the various tests before a large audience in a surprisingly competent manner and gained the following marks :-

JUNIOR GIRLS.

Tame of Team Centre larks

1 L1anelly Carmarthellsh ire 162

2 DutTryn Aman Aberdare 151 t

3 Brecon Brecknockshire

4 Pontnewynydd l\lonmouthshire 122 t

5 Briton Ferry Glamorgan 121

SENIOR Boys

1 Pontyberell1 Carmarthenshire 285

2 Duffryn Aman Aberdare 282

3 l\laindy and Eastern Rhondda 278 1 2 -I Cilfynydd Glamorgan 245!

JUNIOR Boys.

1 Clydach and District Brecknocksbire 183

2 Ebbw Vale l\lonmouthshire 180

3 Treharris l\1 erthyr Tyd 1;1 172t

-I Duffryn Aman Aberdare 16

5 Ammanford Carmarthenshire 165t

6 Lady Lewis Rhondda

7 Barry Dock City of Cardiff 15St

FORTHCOMING COi\IPETlTlONS AT ABERTILLERY. Am bulance and Bo), Cadet teams will be interested to learn that the Abertillery Division is arrang-ino- for the annual competitions for the "lnce" shield Women " shield to be held at Abertillery on Easter Tuesday, Arnl 19th. The" I nce" shield (with monetary prizes) is ,to teams of men in possession of recognised first aid certificates; and the other contests is for Bo), Cadets. Entries should be addressed to the SecretM), 1r. I vor Venn 34, Vivian. street, Abertillery, Mon.' ,

Po i so noLis Pl a nts.

By COLO TEL C. 1. ELLIS, 1.D., ETC.

(Cont£nued from page 200.)

Aco. lTU:\l NAPELLUS. (Aconite, Monks'hood or Wolfs'bane from being used to poison the bait in wolf traps.)- This plant is the most deadly poisonous of all the members of the natural order Renunculacece. It has been called the "Queen ·mother of poisons." All parts of the plant ;re poisonous, especially the rhizome. The root has been eaten for horse-radish. It can, however, be easily distinguished from the latter, in that the root is rather short, conical and tapering in the aconite, with a dark brown skin; while the horse-radish is long, cylindrical and pale-coloured. \V"hen cut the root has a star-shaped centre. If bitten it causes tingling and numbness in the mouth in less than a minute. The flowers are purplish blue, and the curious hooded structure of them gives the plant the name of Monks'hood. The leaves are in pairs, one large and one small.

ATROPA BELLADONNA. (Deadly Nightshade.)

Belladonna is the Italian name for "Fair Lady."

The Italian ladies used to dab their eyes with a preparation of its juice to dilate their pupils. Every of plant is poisonous, but especially the berfles, whIch are round and black-like a ripe cherry. These berries are the most dangerous of all fruits growing in this country. The flowers are like dark-red ptlrple bells. Under the names of atropine and belladonna it is used in medicine.

All those who are interested in poisonous plants should be able to distinguish between (1) Solanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bitters\1,'eet) and (2) Solanum Nigrum (Black Nightshade).

In the summer time one finds the former climbin.g up into bushes !or support, spreading its shoots In a straggly fashIon to a height of about 10 feet. It is quite a common weed in hedgerows. Its taste is at first bitter (especially in spring) and then sweet. It is not advisable to verify this fact. Take it on trust. The berries when young are

green, then yellow, and by October, bright red and oval-shaped.

The black Nightshades are quite different, they are .small stocky little plants, hiding among taller neighbours and bearing little white flowers like tiny umbrellas. They are annual weeds found in waste places, being fond of dry, poor soil. By October the plants have grown up into little bushes all bearing the poisonous black berries. ' . The berries of both plants have proved fatal In severa l cases. All these Nightshades and the plant next to be described (Henbane) belong to the natu ral order Solanacece, as does also the potato whose leaves and fruit are narcotic. \Vhen it was first introduced into Ireland and planted on ir Walter Raleigh's estate at Youghal, some friends to whom he recom mended the potato. ate the leaves instead of the tubers, with dire results.

NIGER. (Common IJenbane). The whole plant IS narcotic, especially when the seeds are rlpen1l1g. It is a tall, stiff, much plant, with a large number of hairy leaves which are much cut up into pointed lobes. Its flo\vers appear in June or July and are creamy yellow with a dark purple centre. The fruits which follow them are of such curious form that no one is likely to confuse them with those of any other ,Plant. The plant is evil-smelling, more the seeds are ripe, hence the common epithet Horrid Henbane." The smell closely resembles the odour of mice.

One other plant of the order Solanaceie is Datura Stramonium (Thorn Apple). This is a rarer f?und on waste heaps-often an e care from cultivation. Its flowers are large, white and trumpet-shaped, the mouth being open to the skies. The leaves are very large, borne al ternatel y on long stalks. The seed vessel looks like a rather long apple and is covered with a number of lana stout spines. b

The who.le of the plant is highly poisonous, Its leaves, either in the form of tramonium cigarettes or powdered, are used in the treatment of asthma. Atropi ne is also fou nd in Thorn Apple, also contains hyoscine and hyocyam1l1e whIch are characteristics of henbane. It is an interesting point that the fruit of the Solanaceous p!ants, that of the potato, should be highly pOisonous, while that of their cousin the tomato is one of the most luscious and wholesome of all that can be grown in the garden.

(To be continued.) ---. ._---

The Skegness Division, S.J .A. B., held its annual first aid competitions last month, when Squad No. 1 (Ptes. McClatchie, captain, W. Dawn, W. Chapman, and D. Baumber) was successful in gaining first place. Div Surgeon M. Backwell and District Officer G. A. Enderbv were the judges.

Railway Ambulance News.

Gre at Western.

The usual series of ambulance competitions have taken place in the several Divisions throughout the line during February, and the 34 teams thus selected, 17 in class I and 17 in class II (formerly known as "Advanced" and" Beginners ") wil! participate in the semi-final round which will be held this month at Birmingham, Tcwport, Bristol and Paddington. The j uclg-c for this conte t are Drs. S. McCormac of ewport, and \V. J. Crawford, of Southall, who will also act in the Final competition for the" Directors'" Shield, tt Carvell " Cup, and prizes. Thi last competition will be held in the (;cneral ideettng Room, Pacldington Station) on April 29th.

\Yo:'lEX's CO.\1PETITTOx.-The competition for women employees of the Company will be held at Paddington tation on Tuesday, 11arch 29th, when possession of the "Florence Lean)) Cup will be contested for the first tIme.

BRISTOL.-An interesting presentation was made at the conclusion of the di\'isional ambulance competitions at Bri talon February 18th, when Dr. S. McCormac, ,',"ho ha acted as adjudIcator in the competitions for the Bristol D. Division for the past fifteen years, was made the recipient of a sterling- silyer cigarette case suitably inThe presentation was made by Mr. Purcell, captalO of the Dorche ter team, and the oldest competitor, \\'ho thanked the doctor for his fairness and his helpful criticisms. :'IIr. G. S. Hodder, Divisional Ambulance . ecrctary, also paicl trihute La Dr. McCormac's ·work. Dr. McCormac, who is COl1111lis tollcr for the ::.J"ewport norough Centre, S.J.A.B., is a Commander of the Order of St. J ol1n of Jerusalem. He acted for many yea rs as lecturer to the G.\V.R. ;\ e\\ port High Street class.

IIoxouRs.-Follo\\'ing- recommendations made by the Great \\'estern Railway Central Ambulance Committee the followinr; members '0£ the staff have heen selected Serving- Brothers of the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

Mr. J. H. Tippett, tation In pector, I\lillbay; 11r. F. Acting Foreman, Taunton; 11r. F. C. Walter, Detective Inspector, Swansea Hig-h Street; 11r. R. Lambert, Hydraulic Forgeman, Swindon; 11r. G. A. Ellwood, Passenger Guard, Chester; Mr. A. R. Street, Foreman, South Lambeth; 111'. R. H. Pocock. Station I\Iaster Watlington.

The hanollr has been conferred in recoo'nition of 10nO' and valuahle services to the first aid Movement Ambulance worker in the Bristol Division will be pleased to learn that a similar honour has been conferred on Mr. R. G. Pole, Di\·isional Superintendent.

Does yo u r c ollea g ue read F IR.ST AID , i f not , send u s his ad d ress and w e w ill post him a c o py.

london, Mid land and Sco t ti sh.

COMPETITIONS.-The preliminary competition for men will be held at Southport and Derby from March 28th to April 1st.

The final will be held in the Wharncliffe Rooms, Great Central Hotel, London, on May 6th. The L.M.S. y\Tomen's Final Competition will be held on 1.1ay 27th, in London.

LANCASTER.-Dr. Phillips recently arranged a test for the Marecambe) Heysham and District L.l\1.S. Ambulance Cup. Six teams entered and the results were :-1, Carnforth (116 marks); 2, Lancaster Green Ayre 3, Lancaster Castle (104). Mr. Price-Probert Judged the Individual Test. Mr. Nightingale acted as chairman and the awards were presented by :\1r. Rignall.

ST. ROLLox.-A party of 270 members and friends celebrated the Works Ambulance Section's Jubilee Year, on February 11th. 11r. R. A. Riddles, who presided, referred to the progress made by the Section during the last 50 years and welcomed the original Commandant 11r. David Forrest.

Mr. J. H. Henderson, Secretary of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, presented Dr. J. G. M'Cutcheon (Hon. Corps Surgeon) with the 25 years St. Andrew's service bar. Gold bars and medals were handed by Mr. Riddles to 11essrs. John Mackay (40 years), Thomas Duff (30 years), James Brodie (25 years), William Herd (25 years), and gold .medals to Messrs James Gregor and J ohr: DIckson. were distributed to the winning _ OVIce Team, the W111ners 111 the local team competition and the Senior team in the District Competition. Mr. G. Byers presented Dr. M'Cutcheon with a suitcase as a retiring gift from the section members, whilst :'IIr. Thomas Duff received a wallet of Treasury notes on his retirement.

STIRLING.-The Inter-Section Competition was held on February 13th, the arbiters being Messrs. M. H. Paul, \V. McIntyre and D. McLellan. Results :-Seniors-l, Grangemouth No.2 (241); 2, .Larbert No. 1 3, Grangemouth No.1 (229). JunIOrs-I, Grangemouth No. 3 (221); 2, Larbert o. 2 l.Ir. D. M. Smith handed over the prizes to the winning teams.

Forty-five years' membership of the ambulance moveis the proud record of Mr. John M'Donald, engine dnver, and at the annual whist drive and dance, held on February 18th, he was presented with his sixth gold bar. In recognition of his services, Dr. Shedden was presented with a cine-projector by Mr. Donaldson on behalf of the .members. Mrs. Shedden graciously distributed the foI1owmg a:vards: - 18 certificates) 12 medallions, 8 Silver !ll.edal (15 years), Mr. J as. Kemp. TndIvIdual. CompetitIons: -(1st y:ar). 1, Miss Taylor; 2, \V. Hutchleson; (2nd year). 1, 1IISS Penman; 2, J. Dow; year and. 0v:er), 1, G. Crook; 2, Miss J. Syme. Wntten Examl?anons, for members only:- (1st 1, R. Sm:th; 2, W. Hutchleson; (2nd year), I, Miss Bn.sbane: 2, Penman; (3rd year and over), 1, Miss NaIrne; 2, MISS Syme.

\YlIIT CIlURCll ('ALOp).-vYe regret to announce the resignation of Mr. F. Earnshaw from the position of Class Secretary, owing to pressure of other business. 1\1r. Earnsha,v, who held the secretaryship for 29 years, will be ucceeded by 1\1r. F. 1. Edwards, Sigl1al and Telegraph Dept.

A First Yea r Class i in session and two teams took part in the District Competition. Although they were not sllccessful, much yaluable experience was gained.

London and North Eastern.

GREAT :N ORTJIER::-< SECTIO::-<.

The annual competition of the o. 1 (London) District for the "Liddell Steel" Silver Bowl, was held on Thursday, ::\1arch 3rd. Dr. J. Stanley Davies was the judge and the result was :-lst, Kin g's Cross Loco. (Shed), 217; 2nd, King's Cross Loco. ( hops), 17n; 3rd, King s Cross Traffic, 178.

This is the third successive year that the Loco. shed team haye gained first place and on this occasion the team comprised, Iessrs. H. Marriott, R. Ockenden, A. Hu hand, \V. Sheen (captai n ), and R. Pickworth.

Tho e present included 1\Ir. J. F. Sparke, District Loco. Supt.; 1\Ir. \V. J. Kirby, Cuirass Hall Mission; Capt. \V. Goodley (Centre Secretary); 1\1r. A. S. Brown, and 1\1r. HarYey (District Secretary).

Capt. Goodley presided at the presentation and stated that this was the first occasion he had been present as Centre Secretary. H e had hoped that 1\fr. Tom Smith would ha\'e been present but unfortunately he was not well enough to do so. Capt. Goodley expressed the h ope that all concerned would extend to him the same support and loyalty they had always done to Mr. mith.

Dr. Davies, in response to a vote of thanks proposed by 1\1r. Sparke, gave r emarks and criticism on the work performed by the r espectiYe t eams which should pwye to their future adyantage.

Votes of thanks were also extended to Capt. Goodley fo r presiding, and to Mr. Harvey who was responsible fo r the arrangements of the competition.

The vVest Riding ( TO. 6) District Competitions were held at Bradford, on March 1st.

Dr. H. Stanfields judged the team test and Mr. W. Dickinson the viva yoce tests.

Mr. W. Green, District Supt., presided, and prese nted trophIes as follows :-lst and Officers' Shield Drighlington, 173; 2nd and "Crowther" Cup, Loco., 169; 3rd and" Road" Cup, Lofthouse, 161. The chairman congratulated the members on their splendid performance.

Dr. Stansfield in his remarks said he had set a difficult test which the teams had tackled exceptionally well. The competitors were a credit to the Railway Company to which they belonged.

A vote of thanks to the doctor was proposed by Mr. J. G. Crabtree, Chairman of the District Ambulance Committee, seconded by Mr. F. Longbottom, District Ambulance Secretary, who had been responsible for the competition arrangements.

AID

encouragement which has been extended to two wellknown ambulance workers.

At an Investiture of the Grand Prior of the British Realm of the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem, held in the Chapter Hall, St. J 011l1's Gate) London, on February 18th, His 1\Iajesty the King was graciollsly pleased to sanction the admission of Mr. William Standing, painter, North Road Loco. Works, Darlington, and 1'.1r. Edmund Jobson, engine plater, Stooperdale, Darlington as S e rving Bro t hers of the Order.

In the absence of the Grand Prior the Investiture was made by the Earl of Scarborough, K.G., G.B.E ., K.CB., T.D., Sub-Prior of the Order.

At the half yearly meeting of the 1\Iiddlesbrough District COllncil, held at Stockton) S. Cooper, Cenlre Secretary, presented long sen-icc go ld awards as follows :Medals C J. Amison , A. J. Dale, T. \V. IIornby , J. R. Tindale, A. L. vVhite.

20 Years' Bar :-A. \iVard

An interesting function \\ as hclJ in the Ambulance Rooms, Paragon talio ll , Hull, on Thursday e\'ening, larch 3rd, "wh en Div. Police Supt. Teasdale. on behalf of the members of the Police Ambulance Class, presented Sergt. Rawson with a wristlet watch as a mark of appreciation for his services rendered to the class.

P.C Little was in the chair, and others present were: -Inspector Full erto n. Mr. G. H. Oakes , District Secretary, and 1\1r. Ander so n. Sergt. Ra\\'son , owing to othe r duties, has found 1t n ecessa ry to resi g n from the Police Ambulance Classes. in which he has held the position of ecretary since 1925 , and during his service a" secretary 260 police officer passed the necessary examinations. He h as also sented the police in the L. .E.R . Ambulance Council at Hull. Mr. Rawson is \'ery \\'ell known at the \Vestern Docks and in this area was r es ponsihle for the maintenance of ambulance supplies. During the course of his remarks. Supt. Teasd ale said that First Aid had been render ed to over 25,000 cases on the H nIl Docks during the last ten years by the Dock Police. He was also pleased to say that every railway police officer was a qualifi ed ambulance man.

Reference to the work done by Sergt. Rawson was also made by Inspector Fullerton and Mr. Oakes. Sergt. Rawson suitahly r espo nded and a vote of thanks ,'.'as passed to the Superintendent.

SCOTLAND.

The annual competltlOn of the Leith District (L.N.E.R.) Ambulance Section of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Corps for the inter-team cup took place on February 20th, at Leith Central Station. Doctors Ian Hill and Sharp acted as arbiters.

Tests were divided into three sections-oral practical and transport. Nine teams took part, and cup was won by "J" team with 217 marks. Members of the teams we:e G. Porteous (captain), Lena Matheson ElIzabeth BlaIr, R. Waddell) and F. Addison. "E" team, which gained ,second place with 213 marks, was composed of J. F. Mathieson (captain), May Thomson, Margaret Jacob, D. MathesOJ1 and J. Taylor.

FIRST Southern.

Recently the Nine Elms Goods Ambulance Class held a Children's Tea and Entertainment, there heing 250 chi ldren present, each of whom r eceive d a cart 1n contai ning cake, chocolate, bon -bo n, etc. Needless to say the children were delighted to receive such an assortment of good things.

Members and friends of the Waterloo Class held their annual concert and pres e ntation, on February 17th, when J\1r. J. B. Elliott (Assl. General Manager) presided, suppo rted by Ir. T. E. Brain (Asst. Secretary)) 11r. W. M Perts (Co mmercial Supt.), Mr. A. E. Hammett (Asst. Commercia l Supt.). lr. A. D. Cook (Chief Cashier), Mr. E. Stone (Registrar), Dr. 1\lowl1 (Chief 1\Iedical Officer), and other officer of the Company. l1rs. Elliott was to ha ve presented the awards but unfortunately indisposition prevented her aU ndance. 1\1r. Elliott deputised for her.

}'Ir. C Hatch (captain of \Vaterloo "A" team) the ho ld ers of the Inter-Rai lway Shield) proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Elliott and stressed the encouragement the presence of the Chief Officers at the funclion gave to me mbers of the class.

1\1r. EllJott, ill his reply, stated it was a g reat pleasure til him to associate himself with the nrst aid movement. It \\as a Illonmcnt both he and his wife 11ud very much at heart and he was glad to ha \ e the oppo rtunity of ma king kllo\\ n that he could be relied upon to do everythi ng he po ibly could to further the work. He referred to the wonderful record of the Southern Railway on "ec uring the Inter-Railway Shield 12 times during the last 17 year. A special measure of praise was due to he Waterloo team, in that on six of these occasions they ha d brought honour to the Southern Railway. He knew o f the really valuable \\ ork that was being carried out by the ambulance men throughout the whole of the nut hern Railway and \\ as glad to ha \ l' the o pportunity o f paying- tribute to them.

At a rec ent meetll1g of the Centre Committee it was agr eed that the Long Service Certificate of t he Centre hould be awarded to the following members o f the _ tarC :-E. E. Arney, Dock Porter, Southampton Doc ks, \\T 1\forley, Gas Fitter, \iVoodside.

M. &. G.N. Joint.

The annual competition of the above committee \\'as held at Norwich, on Wednesday, 2nd, when Capt. F E. Bendix officiated as judge.

In past years two competitions had been held, one for the Cup and the other for the Shield, but this year the two were combined.

The individual tests) held in the morning, dealt with Nos. 1 and 2, a painter who had fallen from his scaffold, a blow lamp having caught his left trouser leO" alight, and had sustained severe burns on left leg and a fracture invo lving the elbow on the right side. Nos. 3 and 4 had to tre at a patient suffering from fractured left patella, a sp rain of right elbow and a contusion on the forehead. No .5 had to state "How may asphyxia be brought about?"

AID 233

The work throughout the day was witnessed by. a good gathering, which included Col. H. H. Maul.dll1 (President of lhe Centre, SllPt. .SectIOn, L.N.E.R.), Mrs. Mauldin, Mr. E. Greenfield Supt. Norwich), Mr. G. Sutcliffe (District Supt. Cambndge), 1\1r. II. G. Fish (District Loco. Supt.), 1\1r. H. R. Statham (District Goods and Passenger :Manager), Stationmasters J1. J. Goff (Holbeach), L. P. Clements (1'\orwich), \V. J. Ahle (Cromer), G. A. Gosling (Sutton Bridge), Dr. K. H. Lund (Asst. Commis ioner for Norfolk, S.J.A.B.), and others.

Capt. W. Goodley (Centre Secretary) was. responsible for the competi tion and he was assisted by MISS . Pratt and fro Wardle.

Col. Mauldin presided at the presentation of trophies and prizes and referred to the excellent ambulance work of railwaymen. Expansion was needed, however, and he appealed to the younger members of the line of enrol. During the year 95 members passed examinations and two gold medals and one gold long ser-yice were earned. He congratulated the wmmng team on Its success and the other teams on their creditable efforts. Col. Mauldin heartily welcomed Mr. Walker, the late President and a personal friend of his, who was present.

Dr. Bendix, in reply to a yote of thanks, addressed himself to the competitors. They were excellent in their theory, hut when in the practical part theory was forgotten. He ga\'e some excellent fO.r future events and thanked Capt. Goodley and hiS patJents for their great assistance.

Capt. Goodley said he was pleased and proud to be the Centre Secretary of the :\1. and G.N., arid he was anxious to see the numbers increase. He was confident that the ambulance movement fostered the feeling 0 f Brotherhood, F e llow hip and Confidence among members of the Line.

The result of the compettiion was :- lst and Cup, ?\Ioulton. 239 marks: 2nd and Shield, Holbeach) 229; 3rd, Yarmouth, 223; 4th, Cromer, 202; 5th, South Lynn) 6th, Sheringham. 1731.

f\Irs. 1auldin graciously presented the trophies and prizes.

St. Marylebone Open Com petition.

THIRTY-SIX teams entered for the first competition of the aboye, including representatives of Police, Association, Brigade, Special Constabulary. Preliminary rounds were held on :'Ilarch 16th and 17Lh, and the successful teams will compete in the final to be held on April 7th at the Portman Rooms, Baker-street, '.tV.1, commencing- at 7.45 p.m to the final is by programme, 6d. each. These can be obtained from the hon. secretary, Mr. W. V . M. Allen, Western District Post Office, W.1, or at the door on the evening- in question. It is hoped that many will take the opportunity of sup;:lOrting this function and 0 assist in makinO" the initial venture a success.

The competition judges will be Captain A. C. "Vhite Knox, l\LC., L B. (team), and Captain F. E. Bendix, M.R.C.S. L.R.C P. (individual).

NORTH EASTERN AREA.

It has given great satisfaction to ambulance members of the North Eastern Area to be ablt to record the

The arbiters complimel1lcd the lady members of the teams on the whole hearted way in which they enterd into the work, especially ill the transport section.

The team test, which followed after lunch, was that a man, in trying to board a train, slipped and was dragged alo ng the ground. On examination the injuries were fo und to be a wound on forehead with fracture under, blee ding from left hand, simple fracture right leg, strain of right biceps muscle and concussion.

The to be competed for are the" Stiles Allen" Challenge Cup, presented by Alderman R. Stiles Allen, J. P., Mayor of St. Marylebone. for the winners, and the " Selfridge" Challeng-e Shield, presented by Messrs. Selfridge & Co Ltd., for the runners-up. Individual prizes will a lso be presented to the members of the first two teams.

It is hoped that Sir John Duncan, Chief Commissioner, S.] .A. B., will present the trophies.

Police Ambulance News .

POLICE NATIONAL COMPETITION, 1938.

THE CIlAMPlO S.

Yet another name has been added to the winners of the " Pim" Trophy. At the 1938 final, held in LOfldon on February 25th, Brighton Borough Police carried off premier honours. This result was all the more meritorious as it was the first occasion that Brighton Borough had been successful in entering the final.

A large audience witnessed teams at work throughout the day and they were rewarded by some excellent endeavours ot the competitors.

Before the presentation the chairman propo ed a vote of thanks to the judges, 1\1r. and Mrs. laxwell, Mr. Joe Grossman and to the tewards for their great assistance. He also congratulated the winning team and, to those wbo had not been successful, lw expressed the hope that one team, at any rate, would beat Brighton next year. Refelring to the work of The Order, the Earl of Clarendon tated that the ambulance department during 1937 had attended 611,000 cases. These figures were proof 0f the nece ityof the Brigade.

each team was :- " You are practising for a first aid competition in your police station on a Sunday afternoon when a messenger runs in and states that there has been an accident at a new huilding 50 yards down the road. ACT."

Time allowed was 20 minutes from receiving the card; the details of the test was as follows ;-

Two bearers collect am bulance material

Rapid approach to scene of accident 2

Taking- messenger with you 2

Test ladder and scaffolding for safety

Get messenger to control crowd

Climb ladder to platform

Ask foreman for history of accident 2

.\sk how "Boss" fell (on to his feet, and then back, striking his head) +

Ask him if he is hurt himself (no) 2

EX.UlINA'IION OF PA

Te t for consciousne s

By peaking to him (no response)

Note colour of face (tlushed) 2

Note no visible deformity

)Jole no vi ible

ote breathing ( tertorous)

temperature of skin (raised)

Feel pube (sixty full)

odour of breath (a you find it) 2

Examine pupil (unequal) 2 head (note brui e and \velling)...

Examine ears (no injury)

Examine nose (no iniury)

Examine mouth (no injury)

Examine urper limb (no injury) 2

Examine rib.., (no injury)

Examine pine (no injury)

Examine lo\\'er limb (abnormality of right knee felt)

Te t arm only for lil11pne of one side (no limpness)

end bearer to telephone for doctor and ambulance

'l atin!:; suspect d injuries

FurnllER Ex OF RIGH'! KNEE.

Expose right knee...

\' o te no wound

:\ote fractured ratella

Note fracturf'd lower end of femur

Immediately Leadyand upport injured limb

rIH' \T\IEl\ I.

F urtman.

of London Police, presenting the "Pim" Trophy to the Brighton Borough Police.

The team test setting represented scaffolding erected outside a house and the scene was very realistically staged t.hanks to the kind assistance of Mr. John Maxwell, Associated British Picture Corporation, Elstree, and Mrs. Maxwell and also Mr. Joe Grossman, studio manager, who supervised the erection.

PRESENTATION OF AWARDS.

The Earl of Clarendon presided over the and expressed regret that a Cabinet meeting prevented the Home Secretary, Sir Samuel Hoare, from being present. In his absence Sir Hugh Turnbull, Commissioner, City of London Police, consented to distribute the awards.

Brigadier W. B. G. Barne, Secretary of The Order, announced the result, which was ;-

Dr. G. S. Phillips, who judged the team test and N o. +, and Dr. 1\1. 1\1. Scott, who judged the Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 individual tests, both responded. Dr. Scott, on behalf of both judges, paid tribute to the great assistance rendered b) 1r. D. G. Monteith, competition secretary, not only on th e day of the competition but also before the event.

Sir Hugh Turnbull then presented the" Pim " roph) to the Brighton Police and also indi"idual prizes, presented by the St. John Ambulance Association, to the members of each team.

Colonel Perowne proposed a vote of thanks to the Earl of Clarendon and also expressed thanks to Sir Hugh Turnbull for undertaking the presentation at the last minute.

TilE TESTS.

As already stated the setting for the team test was a front of a house with scaffolding. The story of the test was that whilst the" boss" and the foreman was inspecting the job on the second Aoor scaffolding it broke, and the" boss" fell through on the first floor platform. The card handed to

Reassure him

\ k if able to go uown ladder (ye , but refuses to do so until he ee "Bo s" is right)

Get him La sit down 2

Give him drink of sal volatile and water

One teaspoonful to half a tumbler of water

L nconscious late

Cover patient with blankets

Keep right leg steady

Undo tight clothing

Raise head and shoulders

Turn head to one side

Ask foreman if water tap and basin in buiiding (yes):::

Send bearer for basin of cold water .. .

Cold water dressings to head continuously

2

The individual tests were as follo\\'5 ;Nos. 1 and 5 met outside a lonely cottage, 2 miles from the nearest house or telephone. A lad rushed out of the cottage and said" Father slipped and hurt his arm. He a ked me to give him some brandy, but I'm afraid it must have been the bottle." On the house they a man lyll1g on the tloor suffenng from iodine poisonIng- and a fractured left arm, with dislocation of the left elbow.

No.2 was called to attend a prisoner at the station who had received a kick on the right shin. The patient was found to be suffering from a fractured right leg with wound and hremorrhage involving an overlying varicose vein.

No.3 had to attend a man who had recei"ed a severe blow on the lower jaw and was found to ha\'e a fractured lower jaw and an impacted fracture of the base of the skull.

No. -+ had to state what kinds of bleeding from the calf of the leg may occur, and how they may be controlled.

JUDGES' COlll!llENTS.

Once again we have been favoured with the comments on the work by the doctors who officiated as judges.

TEA:'>l TEST BY G. S. PIIILLIPS, i'1l.D., I.R.C.S. The test really boiled itself down to three important parts ;-

1. Recognition and treatment of the condition of compression of brain.

Sir Hugh Turnbull, Commissioner of the City

2. Recognition and treatment of the fracture of patella and fracture-dislocation of the l ower end of t h e femur On the same side.

3. Transport.

lO. i.-Was a comparatively easy matter for the patient was "made up" with a bruise and swelling on back of the head, drops in one eye to dilate pupil, and he yery efi-ectively carried out his instructions as to stertoro u s breathing. All the teams did this part very well.

;\0. 2.-This was the first stumbling block. The patient was wearing an elastic knee cap into which had been fixed a broken patella and a fracture dislocation of the femur in ,,·ood. Two teams only failed to make a comp lete diagnosis and that was due to insufficient examination on their part One diagnosed a dislocation only while the other diagnosed a fractured tibia. I fear the latter team lost first place through this error, as otherwise they did exceptionally well. Treatment on the other hand \-vas a problem unless it were realised that treatment of the femur by a long histon would effectively immobilise the patella and dislocation and that the figure-of -eight for the patella might aggravate the deformity

No. 3. - Transport was dependent on the keenness of observation of the teams for there were two good packing cases on wbich bearers could stand to lift the stretcber off he scaffolding. That this was the more expeditious method was amply proved in the cases of lhe teams who used it.

The work On the wholt: was well done and there was not a weak team in the competition. One team only failed to finish due to repetition in the search for signs to come to a diagnosis. \Vhy this should be I do not understand for the team in question was obviously a first rate one. r should like, Mr. Editor, through your columns to express my thanks to my stewards and patients for their cheery belp, and above all to fllr. D. G. Monteith to whose smooth running organisation much of the success and pleasure of the competition was due.

INDl\'IDUAL TESTS BY fl1. 1\1. SCOTT, M.R.C.S., L.R C.P.

The tests set in my section ""ere all characterised by their being stnlightforwa rd and st r ictly according to " book." The injuries were clearly and obviously marked, and failure to discover them could ::>nly be due to faulty technique in diagnosis The order of llroceedure, the control of injuries prior to tr::!atment, as well as skill and dexterity in the application of treatment all gained valuable marks.

Nos. 1 and 5.-The test was an "improvised" one. There was an intelligent bystander (small boy) and all outside assistance was delayed. Temporary support should have been g-iven the arm (a matter of a moment) leaving both bearers free to deal with the important poisoning-. Delay in sending for medical aid was a frequent fault. Starch was provided in the form of bread I had hoped that this would have been appreciated but not one team used the antidote, notwithstanding that the clue was very prominently placed, namely, the bowl of vomit which consisted of bread mashed up with water and coloured blue. Several competitors fell into the trap of splinting the fractllre-dislocation immediately, tempted no doubt by the pieces of fi r ewood lying about.

No. 2.-This test worried most competitors. A frequent mistake was the immediate application of direct digital pressure without ascertaining the possibility of underlying fracture-an injury which should have been obvious Some teams immediately raised the limbs at right angles. The groans of the patient encouraged some to re-investigate and thereby recover some lost ground. One competitor was very obstinate and refused to release the bandages already applied. A modified treatment of the bleeding varicose vein was

AID

necessary ow in g to t h e fracture. The tr eatment of the wound left much to be desired; some compet itor s did not treat i t at a ll! Th e techniq u e of washing a dirty wo und var ie d consi d erab ly. In some cases lint soaked in sterile water was used as a wiper and the same piece used all the time. One No.2 treated the case by using both his hands as improvised ligatures leaving the actual treatment to the un killed by tander.

No. 3.- 1any competitors immediately treated the fractured jaw concea lin g the ear with the vertica l handage and thereby missing the important physical signs of the fractu r ed base of skull. This test again revealed the common error of app l yin g dressings or bandages, etc., before ascertaining whether those app li cations are going to concea l or aggravate undiscovered injuries. Bandages shou ld be firm enough to support and steady the injured jaw. Havingregard to the fractured base of skull, special marks were given for carefulness in the application and for afTording- just sufficient pressure without causing any undue pressure on the base of the skull.

Tbe general standard of work varied considerably. Some competitors worked easily, with a full sense of r esponsibility and confidence; others were erratic and nervous. I would remind the losers that the individual and team tests are inseparable twins and that training should be done with an eye to both. One gets the impression that training is sometimes done with a slight bias in favour of one or the other. This is a great mistake because once again it has been shown that a group of excellent" individuals" do not necessarily make the best team, and, of course, 7.,lSe 7'ersa.

A COl\IPETITOR'S lI\JPRESSION.

P. C. N. W. McLean, captain ot the Brighton Borough Police team, writes as follows :-

Naturally, I can find no fault with the tests, we were successful. However, I think that all competitors will agree that the tests were all quite straightforward and hased upon the textbook.

In the team test the difficulties were: working in a confined space and dang-erous position; diagnosing the right leg injury; removal of patient from scafTold. There were no catches or snags The injury to the knee was well faked, but nevertheless it was very difficult to diagnose correctly and most teams lost marks here. In lowering tbe patient from the scafTold the judge, very wisely, did not define any particular method of removal but awarded marks for" speed and efficiency."

The individual tests too were free from traps and quite straightforward . In the test for Nos. 1 and S the diagnosis of the poison presented no difficulties and the treatment, apart from using the bread (which no competitor did), was q ui te simple. The injury to the elbow called for careful diag-nosis and modified treatment.

The fracture of jaw and base of the skull, with concussion and later compression, set No.3 was an old friend. The test set No. 2 was also quite straightforward. The oral question was purely textbook and based on a chapter which should be familiar to every first aider.

Tbe staging of the team test was, as usual, perfect, and I fee l certai n that the thanks of a ll compet it ors go to Mr. Maxwell and Mr. Joe Grossman.

Unfortunately, the individual tests, in which staging is equally, if not more important, continues to be neglected in this direction.

In conc lu sion, I fee l that a ll competitors would like to associate themse lves with Dr. Scott in his reference to the work done by the competit ion sec r etary, Mr. D. G. Monteith, and his assista nt s.

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No.1 DI TRIer, S. J.A.B.

CE TRAL AREA. -La dy Perrott, Lady Superintcndentin-Chief, inspected Tursing Divisions of East London-No. 62 (Hag-g-erston), 1 0.66 ( Toynb ee Hall), No. 73 (Shoreditch), No. 76 (East London), Gopsall St. Institute Section and No. 22 (East London) Nursing Cadets-at Shored it ch Church H all on Thursday e\ ening, February 2.fth, the parade being under the command of Lady District Offi ce r :\liss i\lasson. She was received by Lady District Supt. ;\liss Walker.

Following tests in first aid a nd drill, Lady Perr ott compl im ente d the members on their smart appearance, and emphasised the necessity for more practice in artificial respiration. Sh e reminded them of the annual camp held at Rossall S chool, and hoped to see some of them there thi year.

\VESTERN AREA.-A cou rs e of lec tures on Hygiene will be given at the Ambulance Room, Victoria Station, on Friday, April 29th, at 7.15 p.m. Fee for the co urse, in c luding ex.amination for the S.J.A.A. certificate, tions for enrolment should be sent to Lady Dlv. Supt. fl ss Tucker, 10, Ger aldine- road, S. W.18.

The annual general meeting of the Twi ckenham N ursing Division was held at R adnor House, on Saturday, February 12th. Dr. A P. Yonge who, with Mrs. Yonge, has taken a keen interest in the Di vision, welcomed Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren and Lady Distri ct Officer Lady l\lountgarret.

Mr. Warren said how sorry he was to los e Mrs. Horner, the L"idy Supt. He hoped her successor, Miss Duke, would carryon as she had done. More memhers were needed to swell the ranks of the Nursing Division . He hoped that the ladies of Twickenham and the surrounding district would join.

:\lrs. Hank s, the Divisional Treasurer, had had to resign, and her place had been taken by Mrs. Mason, an energetic member of the Di visio n. Mrs. \VilJiams was appointed Di visional Sec retary, and Mrs. Howard, Storekeeper.

Miss Duke thanked the Assistant Commissioner and Lady 10untgarret for their attendance, and said she hoped to have a larger Division the next time they came to Twickenham.

No.4 DISTRICT, S J.A.B.

The annual home nursing competition was held at Todmorden on Februl.ry 12th, when nine teams from various parts of Lancashire competed. The competition co nsisted of team and individual tests, the judges being Dr. J. H. Kitson, M.O. H. for Todmord e n (ca d ets ), Mrs. ]. C. Pitter Bayley, Nursing Offi ce r to the local Nursing Division (team work), and Miss Miller, Queen's Nurs e, and Senior to the District Nursing Home (individual test).

The 1ayor, who with the Mayoress was welcomed by Dr. J. C. Pitt e r B ay ley, said it was a delight for the Mayoress and hilnself to be present and see ;:;0 many who were associated with such a great organisation as the St.

John Ambulance Brigade. Some of the comp titors h ad come from distant parts of the county. There was a tim e when he used to be associated with the Brigade, and he ha d nev e r regretted the time he h a d spent in m aking profi cie n't. A knowl e d ge of first aid was most es ential today because \\'e were livin g in days of rush and hurry, and when machinery in indu trial establi hl11ents had bee n speeded up, He hop e d those present would to be zealous ahout their work, and In the name of the clttzens o. Todmorden he extended a cordial welrorne to all the visitor s

The award were presented by the l\layoress. In tlw team test the Challenge Shield was won by Blacl{pool B, th e runn e rs-up being Bl ac kp oo l \, while Birkenhead were third The" Lytham" Vas e for indi\'i du a l wa t o l\liss Di ck ins o n of Blackpool who gained full marks 111 a very stifr test. l\li s Grindrod of Blackpovl was pla ced second, and li ss Lamb of Birkenhead third. Rochd ale were the winners of the cadet' competition, with Todmord Lil second and Li verpoo l 'ort h A team third.

Lady Di st rict upt. Ir s. Tweedale paid tribu tE; to the officers and members of the lo cal DI\'ISIOns, an d cordially thanked the l\layor and l\layoress and judge s. Finally , she wished to thank t he people of Todmorden for all they had done to m ake the visitors harp), and comfortable

SALE l\'URSING progre made by this Division was revealed at a social eyening held at th e R o)a l Cafe last month, when awards gained during the pa ,,[ year were presented.

The D eputy and :'IIayo re s attended and th e: latte r presented warrants of appointment to Dr 'V, Geragh t) (Div. Surgeon), Dr Doris Bernard (Lady DI\,. Lady Di v Sup t 1iss \Varin g, Lady ,\ll1bulance Ofll ct'r :'I1rs. Thom as (Secretary) and the lI on. Auditors, lr. G ee and Mr. W. Ta) lor; also labels and pendants, medal Ii?, a nd cert ifi cates gained in first ai d and home nur III examinations.

TO. 5 DISTRI CT, S.J.A. B.

l\llDLAND AREA, \V EST RlDIN G -Fou r teams tool< pal in the annual competition for Nursing Divisions h e ld 01 Saturday, Februar y 12th, at Shipley. Th e judges wer e Corp s Surgeon Dr. D ear den team te t ; Dr. Cra:vford. viva voce' Lady District Officer Irs, Geldard, unlfo rn1 Lady Supt. l\lrs. Hargreaves, Th e) complimented the entrants on their sma:t an.d effiCIent \\'or k, The results were :- 1, Leeds VlctOrla A, 2, Leeds Victoria B, 3, Burley an d Kirstall, 4, Chapel Allerton, 168.

The "Dr. Ellison" Shield and pri zes were klOdl } presented by Mrs. West-Watson, wife of the Assistan t Corn missioner.

STOKE NURSING DJ\,' ISION. - The Ar.nual So cia l was held at the Co-operative Cafe last month, when awards won by members during the past year were presented. The La dy President, Mrs. J. A. Dale (Deputy Lady layoress of Stoke) was unable to he I-'resent through indisposition, and Mrs. V. T Butler took her place.

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No.9 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.

COUNTY OF CORNWALL.-The County Eliminating Otl1petitions were held at Plymouth on February 26th, the staging of the team test being- mo realistically carried out.

County Surgeon Lieut.-Col. J. P. S. 'Ward and Dr. J Simpson \Vhite judged the team test; Dr. Torah Goodbody the individual first aid; Sister Bi hop, aftercare; and Dr. 1illicent Fox, beJmaking.

The "Gale" Shield was won by SherwE'1l ",,,ith 3 ' t marks out of a possible 519, and the "Caroline Bec kly" Cup by Plymouth Co -operative with Friary being third with 338!. Sherwell \Va also awarded the "Dorothy \Vard" Cup for bed making-, and the Coronation Rose Bowl for individual first aiel.

The Lady l\layoress kindly presented the trophies and announced that she would give another cup for competition among them.

Lady County Officer 1\lrs. Balsdon thanked the Lady layoress for her kind offer, which they gratefully accepted.

KENT V.A.D.

The responsibilities placed on V. A. D. by the \Var OOlcc, and the possibility of Orpington having the first Territorial Hospital were mentioned by Dame Beryl OliYer of the British Red Cross Society at Chislehurst on February 18th, Gn the occasion of the presentation of the "Camden" Shield to Chislehurst detachment who had once again \\'on il in contest "'ith other Kent detachments.

The chair u as taken by Colonel the :\Iarquis Camden, G. C. V. 0., T. D., deputising for Lady Camden, who sent her regrets for inability to attend, and her personal congratulations.

A report on Kent V.A.D. progress during 1937 was given by Colonel C. Pye Oliver, County Controller. The recognised detachments in the county at present numbered 34 of which 31 were women's. The total stren!;th of all the detachments was 873, of which 149 were mobile members. The annual inspections showed that the standard of efficiency in the great majority of the detachments was being kept at a high level. Two detachm<!nts, 1\laidstone and Be c kenh a m, undertook the staffing of Territorial Army Reception Camp Hospitals during the year.

The results of the 1937 competitions were as fDllows :1, Kent 60, Chislehurst, 963 marks; 2, Kent 36 Hythe, 827 ; 3, Kent 12, laidstone, 796.

The Marquis Camden said he was very proud of the Kent V.A. D. this year. ot only had the All-England " Stanley" Shield come to the county, but there had been that wonderful ceremony at Canterbu r y when H. R. H. the Princess Royal had presented their Colours. He congratulated Kent 60 on their win , espe c ially as they had gained the "Camden" Shield previously in 1928, 1930, 1931, 1933 and 1934, and would ha ve won it in 1935 but for the new regulation against holding the shield for two years running He knew what hard work such an achievement meant. He then presented the shield to Commandant Miss Batten, and the Kent Shield for the greatest average of mobile members to Commandant liss Ramsay for Kent 36.

Dame Beryl Oliver expressed her pleasure at being with them, and said it wa's an honour to hold the "Stanley" Shield, but more so to hold the "Camden" Shield as the latter stood for consistent good work throughout the year. Now that Kent was aiming at a strength of 1,000 members she was sure it would not be long before they were the premier county. At the same time they should aim at being the premier county for mobile members.

Orpington would soon have a Territorial Hospita l which would immediately absorb 126 mobile women members and 24 men. The hospital would have 600 beds, which could be expanded to 2,000 should the need arise.

T u rning to air ra id p r eca u t o n s, s h e sai d t h at the citizens in every town must be ab le to l ook after t h emselves and so must know something of the subject. The Order of St. J ohn an d the British Red Cross Society had bee n given very responsible duties in th is connection, the training of personne l , the staffing- of first ai d posts, a nd of hospitals. The Government had practically enough respirators ready, but they we r e use less if people did not know to how wear them and how to protect themselves and thei r h omes.

Miss Batten thanked Dame Be r yl Olive r for her constant suppo r t, and congratulated the Hythe Detachment on tak,ng over a hop-pickers' dispensary at Cranbrook a t three weeks' notice. They were hoping to have' a count y organisation for this work which was at present done b\ individual detachments.

V.i\. D. COMPETITION A r SEATON.

Six ot the se\ cn units in Honiton Division, De\' ol V. i\. D., took part in the annual competitions held on February 17th.

The judges were: Team tE'st, Col. E. L. Perry and l iss Latham (f'llatron, Sidl110uth Hospilal) individual te st Capl. G. Black, R.A.l\1.C., A.D.M , outhern omman d Territorial Army; home nursing, Ii s Cameron ( Jatr on, Royal Eye Tnfirmary, Exeter); uniform, 1\1 iss Edward , Commandant, Devon 52; cooking, [iss Davies (De\ o 1 County Council In tructress).

The results were :- 1, Seaton, 7, 0 points; 2, Exmou th ; 3, Sidmouth, Seaton, 396; 2, Axminster, 387 ; 3, Budleigh alterton, 3 3. There w as a lie for the cup for individual efficiency between Mis IIoo p r and Miss Jackson, but in a further test I i Hooper won I>y one mark.

The cups were by the Hon. Mrs. Trefu si." who apologised for the unavoidable ab ence of Lady Am ory, President of Devon V.A. D.

\VILTSHIRE BRANCH, B. R. C. S.

The annual competitions were held at 1'ro\\ bridge, 0 \\ ednesday, March 2nd, when Drs. pong, Hanco d ·, Tayler, Leigh Spence amI Seton ampbell, 1\1 i Robin s" (l\ l atron of the Tidworth Military Hospital) and 1\li s Brookes (Gloucester V.A. D. Commandant) acted a jud g-L ,

The winners of the" Lansdowne" challenge cup wt:' .e the Salisbury team with 813 points out of a total of 1, 00 0

The runners-up were CaIne, with 7 3, who were awar d 1 the" CaIne" challenge trophy. Olher team were Tr obridge, 757; Corsham, 733; Ialme bury, 7UO; Tisbu r , 699 ; Devizes, 696.

The presentations were made by 1rs. Whallon, a vi ccpresidenlof the branch.

Col. A. de la Pryne, secretary of the V. A. D. Coun cil , mentioned that the age of mobile V. A. D. members h ad been lowered from 21 to 19, it now being considered t h the modern girl had greater stamina lhan girls of 20 yea r., or more ago.

Later in the day the strident note of an air raid warni n:-:interrupted a family at tea, and spectators were able to watch the family making the room gas-proof wh il : " bombers" roared overhead

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Coming Events.

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars ot forth· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

1AR C II.

22.-Finchley Division, S.J.A.B., Annual Dinner.

2+. - Great l\'orthern Centre, L.&N.E.R., Final Competitions, Liverpool treet.

25. - Cngrouped Railways Annual Competition, St. John's Gate, London.

26. - " Stanley" Shield, B.R.C.S., First 'Women's Eliminating Round.

26. - \Vest Ham Divisi o n, S.]. A. B., Annual Dinner.

26 & 27.-All-England A.R.P. Course, S.J.A.B., Great Central Hotel, London.

29.-Cine-Lecture "How Teeth Grow" and "Care of Teeth," \rVood Lane Schools, Dagenham. Open to all.

29. - Great Railway \Vomen Employees' First Aid Competition, Paddington.

30. - Great Eastern Centre, L. c N. E. R., Final Competitions, Stratford.

APRIL.

2. -" Stanley" Shield, B. R. C. S., l\len's Eliminating Round.

2. -Bucks County, S.J. A. B., Competitions, Aylesbury.

2.-Wimbledon Ambulance Festival Final Competitions.

6.-" Barrett" Shield Competition, Bishops Stortford.

7.-St. l\larylebone Open Ambulance C o mpetition Final, Portman Rooms London.

8. -Hospitallers' Club ]\leeting Bonnington Hotel, London.

S - Annual Dinner, Barnet Divisi o n, S.J. A. B.

9 - Welsh , S.J. A. B., Final Competitions, Cardiff.

9.-No rth Eastern L. & N.E. R., Annual "Wharton" Shield Competition, Darlington.

9. - " Stanl ey" Shield, B. R. C. S., 2nd Women's Eliminating Round.

9. - No. 3 District, S . J.A.B., Final Competitions, Leicester.

10.-Metropolitan Special Constabulary Annual Competitions, Peel House.

19.-0pen Competitions, "I nce" Challenge Shield and Prizes, Abertillery.

23 .-Amalgamated Anthracite Inter·Colliery Ambulance CompetitioIl, Ammanford.

23 .- o . 1 (Prince of Wales s) District Competition Finals, Northampton Institute, E.c.

23 & 24.-All-England A.R.P. CO Jrse, S.J.A.B., Great Central Hotel, London.

26.-London and North Eastern Railway Group Competition, Marylebone.

29.-Great Western Railway Competition Finals, PaddinRton.

30.-No. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District, S.].A.B., Final Competitions, Folkestone. MAY.

4. - " Stanley" Shields, B. R.C.S., Final Competitions, Great Central Hotel, London.

4. - Southgate Ambulance and Southgate and Finchley , ursing Divisions' Annual Social, Southgate.

S.-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association, Northern Area Competitions, Preston.

10.-Southern Railwa y Competition Finals, Cannon House, London.

13.-St. John Ambulance Brigade Ambulance and ursing Final Competitions, Great Central Hotel, London.

The Hospitals, NurSing, Midwifery and Public Health Exhibition and Conference.

TilE 28th annual event of the above \\'as held in London from February 28th to larch 4th items of interest to first aid students were on view, in c luding a e('tion on A.R.P.

Among the numerous exhibits we're oxygen tents, gaair and gas-oxygen apparatus, and the handy Sparklet resuscitator on the stand of the Briti h Oxygen Co. Ltd.

1essrs. Siebe, Gorrr,an , Co. Ltd., of \\'estminster Bridge-road, London, were showing their well - known range of resuscitation apparatu ,including the" l'\O\OX," "No\ ita" and" Carbetha ., types. Gas ma k , for A. R. P. and indutrial purposes, prote ct i\ e clothing ;:J.nd olher afet)' de\ ices were also to be found on the btand.

" Dettol," "Dettolin," " teradent" and other manufactures of Messrs. Reckitt & S o n Lid ., werc well to the fore among the germicides shown, '.vhilst rs. Evans, Son e Lescher & Webb Ltd., of Liverpool. di sp layed" Zanl." Th e AnRlo-American Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , of roydon, displayed" Huxsol," yet another germicide.

Books on nursing and kindred subject were shown 011 the stand of Messrs. H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd., of Guwl rstreet, London, and those who were unable to visit the exhibition should write for a catalogue of the haole published by this firm.

Messrs. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, of Henriella-st r eet, London, also displayed many nursinl{ books, including their well-known" Nurses' Dictionary."

A bed-making competition \.\'as held throughollt [he week and was won by 1\1 rs. K. Ena Fo\\' ler, R. N., S. c.l\1., of 1\1 uswell Hill, London.

On the Wednesday, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher in- hief, S.lA.B.), at the invitation of Ihe Executi\'\:! Committee was Chairman at the lecture on "The Treatment of Fractures" given by Mr. B. Whitchurch Howell, the wellknown orthopredic s ur geon. The lecturer emrhasised the fact that motor ambulances in England go too fa<;t and th;:J.t when severe shock is present the removal of ral ient should he delayed.

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In the eliminating round for the" Ja son" Cup competition among B. R. C. S. teams, held at I nstow on J\J arch 5th, Ilfra combe beat Barnstarle, scori n g- 830 marks against 795.

Southend Village, last year's runners-up, won the " Gledhill" Cup in the "P" Division Metropolitan Special Constabulary lnt er- St ation flrst aid competitions. Div. Surgeon Dr. J. J Hughes adjudicated.

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents .

Queries \Yill be dealt with und er the following rules :-

i.-Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top ldt-hand corner of the enve lope II Query," and addressed to FI RST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a II Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.].A.A. Manual of First Aid.

ARTERL\L BLEEDI B UR 'T P ALi\1.

R.S. (Ribbleton).-I was recently for an ambulance competition and was gi\'en a card which stated that a man, while taking stock at a chemist's shop, slipped and that the bottle of ammonia (which he was holding) broke and badly cut his right palm, causing arterial bleeding and at the same time a burn of the hand.

Having removed the patient from any cause of further danger, I treated the bleeding by elevating the limb and by applying a tourniquet on the brachial artery. I then obtained some vinegar and water and bathed the hand. Afterwards I dressed the burn and wound with strips of lint soaked in a bicarbonate of soda solution, applied a hand bandage and placed the limb in a St. J ohn sling.

The Officer afterwards told that I should not have used bicarbonate of soda which would do more harm than good. As ammonia is an alkali and bicarbonate of soda also, I referred him to the Textbook which tells us on p. 121 to treat as a burn. In these circumstances I shall be obliged if you will be good enough to enlighten me on this point.

Two things strike me about your treatment. First, you did not use warm and recently boiled water in the preparation of the vinegar solution and consequently ran some risk of infecting the wound. Secondly, you applied your dressings soaked in bicarbonate of soda lotion without first flooding the burnt part with warm, boiled water. The result of this would be that the vinegar solution left in contact with the bicarbonate of soda lotion would re-act to some extent with the latter and diminish its efficiency in action Otherwise, you are correct in using the bicarbonate of soda lotion to neutralise the burn caused by ammonia.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

M.R. (Cannon-street).-In a recent examination I asked a candidate what is the active cause of an attack of Apoplexy I was much amused when she repli ed :II A deceased artery oj the brain! "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

ADMINISTRATION OF HOT PACK.

K. B. (Watford).-We are not clear as to the following

AID

extract fr0111 page 161 of the Nursing Textbook in regard to the administration of a Hot Pack : 11 Place a blanket ove r a mackintosh sheet on the bed. Remove bed-clothes except th blankets and place a mackintosh below the under-blank et."

We under tand that a mackinto h sheet is Lo be placed below the under-blanket (which is the blanket "vhich covers the mattress) and are desirous of knowingthe use of the blank t and mackintosh heet referred to in the fir t sentence.

The blanket over the mackintosh sheet, placed on the bed before the administration of a Hot Pack, i de igned to retain as much moist heat as possible around the patient while keeping the upper blanket dry. The instructions g-iven in the Nursing Textbo ok strike me as somewhat incomplete in that they do not include any reference to the ub equent removal of the mackintoshes and damp blankets.

A FAULTY 1\1 ARhlNG [IEET.

L. \V. ( t. Albans). - As one who occasionall) takes 3 part in First Aid Competitions, 1 am very surprised to read the detailed marking sheet ot a Team Te ·t which was rublished on p. 206 of the February is ue of FmsT \l!).

In the General Examination a deformity of th e right leg is found. Fractures should be immediately suspected. In the Detailed Examination a fractured patella, and also fractured tibia are found to be present. The patient howez1er is remo7.'ed to a nearby shop where the fracture \vas treated, although No.1 of the General Rules for Treatment of Fracture I'S emphatic 11m/ « Ill,' fract7tTe slzould be at/ended 10 all tlze spol, 110 ma/I, r etc e tc."

Nothing in the card of instruction indicates the necessity for removal; and it is astoundinR Lo me that an official test paper should be marked for point so divergent from the Textbook.

One is given to wonder what haprened to the team which followed the rules and treated the fracture on the spot-as I should have done and, further, ,, hat induced any other team to remove to shelter before treating the fracture. I should be glad to have your views.

From the marking sheet it looks as if someone blundered! At the same time it is possible that the judge did not actually require the patient to be removed before the fractured leg had been controlled and that he did not follow the sequence as set out in the detailed sheet which is usually arranged for convenien ce in marking only.-N. C. F.

FRACTURE OF FEMUR AND CRUS liED FOOT.

W. S. (West Bromwich).-The members of our class are puzzled as to bow we should treat a simple fracture of the femur which is accompanied by a crushed foot of the other limb The majority favour the idea of regarding the injured foot as a minor injury and of treating the fractured femur in the orthodox manner as laid down in the Te xtbook.

If, however, I should have to treat such a combination of injuries, I would make a loo se sp lint for the fractured femur by applying one sp lint from armpit to ankle, another under patient's back from shoulder blade to heel, and a third between patient's lower limbs from crutch to inner side of heel. I would then apply my bandages, above the fracture (embracing- the box splint) then below the fracture (again round one limb only while a colleague kept lip extension), then round chest, round pelvis and round the Ieg-. Text, after the foot of the other limb had been treated, 1 would gently tie both ankles and finally the knees together.

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AID

This case has cau ed lots of controversy among our fello\\'s, and we decided to ubmit it to you for rour final ruling.

v\ hlle I do not rega r d the crushed foot as a 'I minor injury," I see no rea on after this has been treated in accordance with the instructions of the Tex.tbook, the fractured femur should not be treated i n the usual manner or why tying the feet together is likely to cause furthe r injury to the crushed foot provided that due care is exerc ised.N.C . F.

TOURNIQUET TO FOREARt.l.

L. v\'. (Southgate).--In the J anuary issue of FIRST Am there is published on p. 178 the detailed marking sheet wh ich was used in the Welsh I nte r -Railway Compet ition. \\ ith s ,uprise notice the item :_" Tourniquet round each forearm" ; and 1 wonder if this can be right. The exact sites of the wounds on right and left wr ists are not named; and so We must be careful. Even so it is difficult to see how anyone co u ld treat a wound which was situated on the wrist and below a tourniquet app li ed to forearm. The latter can only be a brief statement for "pressure points of radial and ulnar arteries," unless it is a misprint for" arm." In short it looks as if in this ma r k i ng sheet also some one has blundered !-N. C. F

DIAGRAMS OF SCHAFER'S l\ l ETHOD.

l\f.C. (Kentish Town).-Diag r ams 74, 75 and 76 in the Revised Textbook (and especially 75) seem to me to be incorrect in that they do not show the thumbs of the operator parallel with the patient's spine and pointing towards his head. Your kind comments will be appreciated.

Your thoughts are my thoughts. - .C.

F.

HUMOUR IN FIRST AID.

D S (East Ham).-One of our members who had a cruising holiday tells us of an experience at one of the places he visited.

Entering a hairdresser's saloon very early one morning he found there was no one in attendance; but from the shop parlour came sounds of II heavy fighting" and smashing of some crockery, etc., etc. I t transpired that the proprietor was just in the act of settling an a r gument with his wife; and our member, havi n g rendered first aid in due and proper fash ion, thought it best to retreat in the circumstances. As he was a b out to leave, in came the hairdresser scratched and smothe r ed in blood, as if he also had had a very ro u gh time, a n d noticing our friend, exclaimed in Eng l ish, "Don't /[0, Sir, its yoztr next! "

Good! Next, please!!- C. F.

ADMINISTRATION OF O XYGEN.

D. (Southampton).-I enclose a newspaper cutting w h ic h relates that members of the Brigad e administere d oxygen while they were taking to hospital in the ir ambu la n ce a patient suffering from Co n c u ssion of the Brain, an d that the patient died befo re he cou l d be adm itted.

I joined the Brigade in 1916, and I have neve r yet heard a doctor in his lectures give inst r uctio n in met h ods

of administration of oxyge n Consequently I desire to kno \\' if any and every member of the Brig-ade ito-day e n tit e d to u se tbis method of treatment as a first aid meas u re ane.! a l ° if oxygen is a st i mu lant. ,\t least I r ea li se that wit h fracture of skull and concussion of bra in rest and not stimu lation is the treatment expected fr om a fir t aider. Your comments on thi' point will be much appreciated.

vVhilst the dangers as ociated with the adlllini tration of oxyge n (which is not a stimulant) are relati\ely few, the Textbook, by its si ence on the subject, clearly docs not re?,ard it as a first aid measur. Consequently no first aider s h o u ld admin ister oxygell un less he (or she) ha been carefu ll y inst ru cted by a doctor in its u es and abuses. .c. F

OF l'lIu) CHLORINE POISO:-lINt

T. A (Guardbridge, Fife). - They u e a lot of liquid in the works here and until recently kept a supply of di l ute Sal Volatile handy for one wbo got a ,\hifT of this gas. It has now been replaced b.' Potassium Bicarbonate in dosage of three-quarter 01 a gra;n to one fluid ounce.

Our loca chemist say that the latter i.s as g.ood as the former remedy, although slo\\ I.!f In actIOn.

The man who couplc's the pipes, however, ays that it is no I shall be obliged if you could tell me which is the better antidote.

Both, in my opinion, are equally useless for the rurpose, because I cannot see how either drug admini"tered hy mouth can neutralise the effects of "a \\·hirr of Chlorine" in the lung-s o A well-known expert to whom I put your quer) rL'plied as follows :-

" The alkaline content of the t\\'o suggested remedie s is that v;hich produces the desired efrect and that the personal factor enters quite largely into the question so that it would be difficult to difTerentiate bet ween them a l'ither might be expected to be a"i efficaciou as the olher." do we know ?-N

C. F.

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FIRST

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3 • 6d. post free; ingle copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Muvement and also welcomes suggestions for Practlcal Papers.

All I'eports, &c should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and !.hould reach him before the 12th of e:l.ch month, and mu t be accompanied (not m ·-essarily jor publication) by the name and address of the { orrespondent.

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EDITORIAL.

\i\THO should pay for the ambuCOST OF ROAD lance called to a road accident?

ACCIDENTS. This question, like the proverbial bad penny, arises with regular monotony which fact, however, does not make it any the less a serious problem.

U suall y, the caller is a bystander who has witnessed the accident. Shall he be penalised for his humanitarian motive? On the other hand is it to be expected that the cost of running a vehicle, to say nothing of time, etc., should be borne by the ambulance service concerned? \Ve do not include such services as L.C.C., Police and the like in this discussion, but refer to the servrces rendered by the Brigade and Red Cross.

In one annual report we recently read that over twenty pounds was outstanding against persons removed by the divisional ambulance; and that is by no means an isolated case.

The Road Act definitely and rightly states the amount recoverable by members of the medical profession called to road cases, but not so the volunteer ambulance service.

No doubt many motorists involved in accidents claim a certain sum for medical attention and conveyance and we suggest that, without prejudice, the amount so claimed should be sent to the ambulance service concerned and not to the insured. It is so easy to overlook applications for payment!

We understand that the Home Service Ambulance Committee of the Joint Council are considering what steps can be taken in this matter, as it is very obvious that ambulance divisions cannot be expected to bear the cost of the whole service and, in fact, in some instances be faced with a deficit.

Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff.

(COlltinlled from pag e 16(' )

BCR SCALDS.

Burns are caused by the action of flames, hot solids, chemicals or electricity.

Scalds are caused by the action of hot liq u ids and steam. These injuries will he discussed together, the word " burns)! being used to include scalds also.

Burns may be divided into three degrees, according to the depth of the injury : -

(1) \\There there is ollly redness of the skin.

(2.) \Vhere the skin is blistered.

(3) \i\1here there is actual destruction of tissue.

In addition to the visible injury, the patient will be suffering from shock or pain. The severity of the sym ptoms depends more on the area of the burn than on its depth.

First Aid Treatment.-Burn oj the 1st degree. Cover with olive oil or vaseline and apply a dressing and bandage.

Bu,rnsojthe2ndandJrd degree.-If of limited extent, dress the burn with Picric Acid lint, moistened with warm water.

In severe cases, it is of more importance to get the patient to bed quickly and treat the shock, than to waste time in dressing the burn, except for coveri ng those parts such as the face or hands, which are exposed to the air. Having done this, remove the patient's clothing If adherent, it must be soaked with some antiseptic lotion to facilitate its removal. If the burn is very extensive, the patient may be immersed straight away in a warm boracic bath and the clothing removed there.

In dealing with an extensive burn, always dress one part at a time and do not expose large burnt surfaces to the air. Dress the burns with Picric Acid lin t as described above, and keep the dressing moist by pouring water on it.

Chemical Burns.-If due to acid, dust some Soda Bicarbonate (baking powder) over the burn. If due to alkali, apply a boric acid dressing or use a weak sol ution of vinegar.

Scalds from inhalation of steam are dangerous owing to the risk of suffocation from 'c.lema of the respiratory tract. They are by giving ice to suck and by applyIng cold compresses to the th roat.

Surgical Treatlllent.-Treat the shock. Prepare a hypodermic syringe and morphia. The apparatus for infusing saline solution may also be required, \Vhen the patient has reco\ red from the shock, the burns are tboroughh cleaned \\ ith som e mild antiseptic such as warm lo tion and all opened. A am,esthetlc may be necessary. As a dressing, strip of pIcric lint moistened with warm \-vater are applied, covered with a thick layer of cotton wool and bandaged.

Always apply the dres ings in strips, so that when they are changed, the whole of the burnt su rface need not be exposed at one ti me. I n some cases, the bu rn is treated by con ti n ua lim mersioll in an alkaline or boric bath. Baths are also used to 100sC'11 the old dressing when lhey require changing. Later the burn becomes a suprurating wound, and pieces of dead tissue ( loughs) will have to be removed. It is then dressed with antiseptic lotions or baths until healing begin s . \\ 'hen th is occu rs, sti m ulati ng oi ntmen ls are appl i d t o promote gran u lation. A preparation known ikalgin in tbe form of lotion of jelly is valuable in the treatment of burns 0\\ ing to its ance tbetic properties.

Lint soaked in per cent. tannic acid may also be used. CompLications. - The immediate complication is shock.

Later, sepsis, pneumonia and deformity may occur. Severe burns always become septic. The deformity is due to the contraction of the resulting scar, which may cause disfigurement, or if near a joint may interfere with its movements. To prevent this deform it y, skin f{1'ajti11g is employed.

Th is is usual Iy carried out by Th£ersc!z'S method. Broad strips of skin are removed from the thigh or arm, with Thiersch's skin grafting knife, which is a large heavy razor blade with a fixed handle. The wound is entirely covered with these strips. Before skin grafting is attempted, the burnt surface must be in a perfectly health y and healing condition.

FRA TlJRES.

A Frac/lwe is a break or crack in a bone. Causes.

1. Vi(}lence or

(a) Dt'rect Vz"olence. The bone is broken at the poi n t where the violence was appl ied, e.g., gunshot wounds, blows on the skull, etc.

(b) Indz'rect VI"olence. The bone is broken at a some distance from where the violence was applle?, e.g., f ractu re of the clavicle by a fall on tbe pOInt of the shoulder, or fracture of the radius by a fallon the ou tstretched hand.

(c) J[usclliar Action. The bonc is broken by the sudden contraction of some attached muscle e.t:; ., fracture of the patella. '

2. D/seas e

The bone is weakened by disease and breaks more readilv than a health,· bone.

A f ractu re may be :-"

during the examination, but are not to be specially looked for, as by so doing the patient is caused unnecessary pain and the fracture may be made compound.

All or any of these si ans rna v be fou nd. It i.s not necessary shou Id all be present In every case.

filetllOd of Heal£ng

.

(1) The bone is broken i 11 one place WIthout Injury to the skin or mucous membrane.

(2) Com pOl/lld. There i a \\ ou nd of the ski n or mucous membrane leading do\\ n to the broken ends of the bO,ne, \\ mayor may not protrude the kIn. OWIng LO the risk of bone infc t.lon through the wound, this is a very serious ' arlet, "

(3) COJJlpletc. '[ he bone I:, broken through its cntir

In some ca s the bone is broken into several (co III l7lz'JZllted) , in other, the fracture is combin d. wilh injury to other important structures such as veIns, arteries, nerves, or joints. This type is termed complicated

.\\ hen the broken ends of the bonc are driven ? ne Int o, the ,other at the time of the injury, the tra ctur IS ')ald to be l·mj>ac/ed.

(4) incomplete. The bone i') only rartially broken.

A speci.al variety known as a ,t:;reen-stzck fract ure III children, in which one side only of the bone IS broken, the other bei n cr ben t ;-, Signs oj a Fractlll e.

Pail:, swelling or tenderness at the site of t he Injury, sIgns of bruising.

Loss of power, z'.e., the partial or complete InabIlIty of the patient to move a normally movea ble part.

(3) Deformity, z'.e., unnaturrJI shape or posit IOn of the.part. In fractures of a limb, there may be shortenIng.

(4) Unnatural mobility, i.e., movement where no.rmally there is none, e .![., in the middle of the h Igh or leg.

(5) Crepitus. The g-rating sensation produced vhen the broken ends of the bone move acrainst ach other. These last two signs may be

\Vhen a bone is broken, there is always some In Jury to the su rroundi ng tissues. Blood escapes fro m the broken ends and torn periosteu m of the I?one, and from vessels in adjacent tissues, which fills up the space between and around the fracrments. The blood clots and later new vessels grow into it, as occurs in the healing of ,,·ounds. A soft mas:, of granulation tissue is thus f?rmed round the broken ends of the bone in which lime .salts deposited. In this, special boneformIng. cells trom the periosteum make their way and begIn to lay down new bone. This is known as callus. This is at first soft, but in a few weeks becomes harder owing to a further deposit of lime and formation of new bone in it. Eventually t develops into hard bone. Call us as a rule forms in excess, but in a few mOl1ths, of it absorbed and on I y that wh ich is req u i red to fi II in any gap between the broken ends is left.

General 7 natment of Fractures.

The proper place to apply "First Aid" is at the scene of t.he before any attempt to move. the. patIent IS made. TIlz's z's absolutely essenttal zn aLL cases of fracture of tlte lower Zz'mbs spz"ne or pelvis. '

(To be contz'nued.)

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St. John Ambulance Brigade

Headquarters and District Reports.

Brigade Headquarters

A.RP.-There can be no doubt as to the success of the Intensive Week-end Courses held m London.

On the last occJ sion, 11arch 26th and 27th, some 230 persons attended the course, and the efforts of the were acknowledged by Lady Elibank, who vOIce? the opinion of those present as to the clearness and lUCIdness of the various lectures. .'

The students were also loud in theIr pra.lses to Mr. J oe (Elstree 1for the splen?ld evenmCT vanety show. ThIS Lighter break m tIle v. end and it is really hard work, has never gIven greater pleasure, and "Our Joe" is to he on the excellent programme. Billy Merson. looked m to meet some friends and literally crashed hIS wayan to the stage. The famous Duncan passed awa.y an hilarious fifteen minutes; Shaun McAltster had an mexhaustible supply of cigarettes; Billy Morton had a grudge aO'ainst the Water Companies (What caused the Flood?);

Linda Seymour (from Covent Garden), Joan Clayton (soubrette and Jerry Adler and hosts of other leading stars paId tnbut.e to the work .of Brigade by appearing , free, gratIs and for nothmg.

Sir John Duncan officially oper:ed the coursp., and in his remarks mentioned that the BrIgade had over 6,000 trained instructors. In addition n<;arly the whole of the 80,000 personnel had been trained in l\.RP. and the Brigade was therefore the largest tramed voluntary organisation in the country.

Dr. W. C. Bentall (A.RP. Staff Officer),. the Chairman of the lecturers. and in his. own lr:lmltable manner carried through the strenuous dutIes entalled. He was assisted throughout the week-end by Capt. S. B. Turner \1 R.C.S., L.RC.P .. Messrs. C. E. Bower, O.B.E .. W. J. N;ble. W. J. B. Trotter, Lt.-Col. R J. Collins, .M.C., Professor G. P. Mudge. A.Re.Sc., Messrs. E. and F. Wrigglesworth.

Tribute must be paid to those responsible for the excellent arrangements and smooth running of the course. 'Major P. G. (Brigade. Secretary), was emphatic that such l?ralse should be gwen to Mr. H. J. Wrigglesworth (ASSIstant Sccretary)- the man who dId the job.

The next course will be held on April 23rd/24th. and already the application are getting near the saturation point.

No. I (Prince of Wales'S) District

The "Ninnis" Drill Competition was held on March 22nd at the Hugh Myddelton Schools, District Officers b;rne and Kemp being the judges.

The result was announced as follows :-1, South YIet. Gas Co. (Old Kent Road), 184!; and Chiswick, 164!; 3, Tottenham Gas DIVISIon, 13 4 4, Dagenham, 118!.

The trophy will be presented at the Dlstnct F,inals to be held ()n Aj'lril (It the' ;-..r()rthamj'lton Instltute.

The Re-union and Pageant of St. was held on March 17th at the Central Hall, Westmmster, and the No. 1 District were represented by 30 men and 20 women below rank of Assistant Commissi?ner. The representation were in 4 m the march past and the following lines appeared m the programme: (t Ye who follow the example of the great St. John; Ye who now prove yourselves a.s citizens of worth; Ye who failed not your country m her hour of need; And ye veterans of the fray, Welcome, thrice welcome! "

The services of the District were suitably acknowledged in the programme. Three "cre out collecting three men who had amputatlOn of leg and in addition to the representatIon were .0':1 .duty in the Hall four Lady Officers together WIth one DI\'lslonal Superintendent and 12 other ranks.

FINCHLEY.-The Mayor of Finchley A. T Pike, J.P.), presided at the annual dinner of the Fmchley Dinner supported by the Mayoress, Dr. Turner ( 1.0.H. and M;s. Turner, Lt.-Commander W. ]. Spens (A.RP Officer), Capt. A. e. White Knox, M.e. M.B. and Mrs Knox District Staff Officer G. e. Green and Mrs. Green. District Officer Osborne, Div. Surgeon J. D. Holmes an c 11rs. Holmes, Div. Supt. J. \V. Taylor and others.

Dr. Holmes proposed "The President and. VlcePresident" and referred to the pleasure of havmg th Mayor with them. Unfortunately Col. ancl Capt. Fife were unable to attend, but greetmgs had beel received from them.

The Mayor, in response, said it was a pleas1;1re t c be present at such a function, more especially as It wa . composed of men and women who were always rea9 ) and willing to give their services to the general pubJtc In the event of emergency the members would be calle r upon to undertake many duties and in the .event of a t air raid the Brigade would be a most essential and mos , vital unit.

Supt. Taylor proposed "The Ladies and VISItors and expressed pleasure at the large number presen t Dealing with the Division's activities Taylor that a section had been formed at Fnern Barnet WIt Ambulance Officer Dines in charge; duties covered wer 1495· cases attended 65l. He also referred to th and other national duties at which member had been present. A.RP. was well in hand and had had a refresher course.

Supt. Taylor expressed thanks to the ladies theI r sacrifice of their menfolk's time to attend dut1es, et c He also oongratulated the 74th Nursing Division oT' winning the" Brooks" Efficiency Cup. Lt.-Commander Spens, in reply, expressed h l<: appreciation to the Brigade for the work they don e. in A.RP. before his appointment. He gave parttcular of the arrangements made in the district and appeale L for more volunteers.

Capt. White Knox als<? and added congratulations to the Nursmg ,PIVIS10? He a1 " present to drink to the toast of The Fmchley DIVlSlOn

FIRST

coupled with Div. Supt. Taylor and the 74th Nursing Division.

Following an excellent repast and the speeches, dancing and social events carried on until midnight, with CorpI. Harley acting as M.e.

WEST IL\M.- The second annual dinner and concert of the West Ham Division was held on Saturday, March 26th, Diy. Supt. A. G. Ash presiding.

The guests included Her Worship the Mayor of West Ham (Alderman Mrs. Bock, J.P.), who was accompanied by her daughter Mrs. S. Tompkins, District Officer Fitch and Mrs. Fitch, Mr. John Hoskins (Manager West Ham Stadium) and Mrs. Hoskins, Dr. Kendall and others.

Amb. Officer Winfield proposed "Our Guests." He was pleased to note that a good number of guests were present and especially mentioned Dr. Kendall, District Officer Fitch, the Mayor and Mayoress of West Ham, and NIr. Hoskins. A letter was read from Capt. F. E. Bendix (Asst. Commissioner), apologising for his absence and wishing the function success. Admiration on the

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Amb. Officer Dunmore proposed" The Visitors," to which Mr. Hoskins replied. He was sure that the Division did their work with great efficiency and, from his own experience, it was of the highest standard. Mr. Hoskins announced that he would be presenting a Trophy to the Division for competition. This was accepted by Supt. Ash, who thanked the donor for his gift.

The Mayor presented various trophies, etc., as follows : -The (t Jackson" Cup, Corpl. Donethorne; medals to Ptes. Winfield and Broomfield, who tied for second place, and Pte. Culver, who came next. The "Gordon Ash" Cup, competed for by members of the Section of the Division, was presented by the donor to Pte. Rounsell.

Artistes and entertainers wert thanked on the proposition of Sergt. Houghton. Supt. S. D. Hill carried out the duties of toast master.

A series of first-aid classes are to be held at Whitehall Place School, Forest Gate, E.7, commencing April 26th, at 7 p.m. Lecturer: Dr. F. M. Hogg; fee, 3/6, including

By Courte.lyJ [Hampsllire Telegraph Post Fareham Division, S.l.A.B.

work done and hope for further good work was also expressed.

The Mayor replied and expressed her pleasure at being present. She took a keen interest in the Brigade as she was the possessor of a first-aid certificate. In conclusion she wished the Division all success in their very worthy work.

II The West Ham Division and Chairman" was proposed by District Officer Fitch, who mentioned his long association with the Division. He had watched with interest the Division at work and in his opinion the success o f the Division was in no small way due to Supt. Ash, whom he knew was able to command the respect and admiration of men. The Division now had 40 members who held their A.RP. Certificates. Mr. Fitch also referred to the success of the Division at numerous competitions.

Supt. Ash, in reply, said the Division had worked 111 concord and harmony for many years and he was p roud that they had managed to gain distinctions. The Division had found difficulty in obtaining a hall for lectures, but he hoped that this difficulty would soon be overcome and then the work in A.R.P. would go ahead with greater rapidity.

examination. Enquiries should be forwarded to Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Dyke (Hon. Secretary), 31, Mitcham Road, E.6.

No. IT District

Box.-His many friends and the members of the Box Division will be pleased to learn that Amb. Officer J. King has been promoted to the rank of Superintendent of the Box Division.

Awarded his first certificate in December, 1914, Mr. King was one of the first St. John men from Box to join the Forces; and he served with the RA.M.e. in France and with the Army of Occupation.

On returning to the district he took a keen interest in ambulance work and has been an ambulance officer in the Division since its formation in 1930.

FAREHAM.-In 1912 a fairly strong Division of the Brigade was formed in Fareham, Hants; and for several years did good service. After the Great War, however,

it gradually declined and eyentually dropped out of existence.

Owing chieHy to the great effort of urgeon-Capl. Baxter, RN., and a few member of the ., O ld Brigade" a cction was formed in July, 1936. By the end of 1Y37 Divisional statu was acquired with a trength of 22. ince then recruiting- has been going \ycll and a total of -W is now recorded.

The accompanying photograph, taken during a rcccnt course given by urgeon-Capt. Baxter, sho\\'s some memhers of the original with a number of lll'\\ comrades.

Concerts and other entertainments havc he lped the funds and several memher- to he Pllt into uniform.

The Division is giving a goot! account of it elf in the way of Public Duties and intends to be worthy of its connection ,, ith the Gosport Corps.

·WOODSTOCK.-County Surgeon F. A. Beyan presided at the annual meeting of the Vvoodstock Division and referred to the problem. of recovering the running costs of ambulances in connection with r oad accident cases.

The Secretary (Pte. \V T. vVilloughby) prescnted his report for 1937. Dr. T. D. Thorne had become Divisional Surgeon; four Grade 1 one Grade 2. eight Certificates and one Auxiliary Certificate had been gained in A.RP. Road accident figures were slightly up and ordinary removals dowr: on preyious year. The figures were 22 road accidents (24 patients), 100 removals, total mileage 2,727. A class for boys was held under the County Centre and all eleven entrants passed. The Treasurer (Pte. J. R Bolton) presented a satisfactory balance on the year's ,,·o rking.

Supt. H E. Howard stated that since 1934, from an analysis prepared the ambulance had turned out on 33 occasions to road accidents where the people concerned had forgotten to pay the charges, a total of £ 21 15s . 3d. The matter had been submitted to the Home Service Ambulance Committee and they were doing all they could to help in the difficulty. There is nothing in the R oad Traffic Act to ensure that the road charges should be paid.

It ,,,as hoped to form a Cadet Division in the near future; a nucleus was already in existence.

No . IV District

SOUTHPORT.-Corps-Supt. L. Yewdall presided at the annual meeting of the Southport Corps and paid t r ibute to the work done by members of the Ambulance and _ ursing Divisions during last year.

The total strength of the Corps was 106 all ranks. Cases treated numbered 891, ,, -hilst public duties were carried out on 3,711 occasions.

The Corps had two Grade 1, and eleven Grade 2 A.R.P. instructors and the members had gained 27 A.R.P. Certificates.

Two members were in possession of Royal Life Saving Society Instructor's Certificates, Silver Meda l , Bronze l\Iedal and Intermediate Certificate, whi lst 12 members had the Bronze Medal and Intermediate Ccrtificate.

Forty members of the Corps form a Blood Donors' Rota, under Dr. Cronin Lowe, Pathologist at the So u thport Infirmary, and were called upon on 33 occasions. Pte. E. Ramsdale has given seven transfusions, H on. Sergt M H. Pinch and Corp!. A Thompson, six each. A letter was read from the husband of a woman whose life was saved by a transfusion, in which appreciation and admiration was expressed.

During the yea r 378 cases were carried by the motor

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ambulance with a mi leage of 8,732. III addition to Borough removals part of the County Ambulance work had been taken over and the Corps is contemplating taking over a section of the Merseyside IIo pital cases. In "iew of thi latter scheme it has been agreed that an additional motor ambulance be acquired and that a public sub cription list shall be opened. A Is. per annum Hou eho lder's Scheme is also to be instituted.

Reference was made to the a sistallce rendcred by ambulance members in the training of Special Constables in First Aid at the request of the Corps-President, Major Regan, O.B E ) Chief Constable

The Annual Socia l and Concert will be held 011 April 21st, \-"hen the pre entation of awards will take place.

No. V District

BosToN -The annual compdltlOn for the" Enderby" Shield, the South Lincolnshire Area Trophy, vvas held la::.t month at Boston. The judges were Dr. R E. Pilcher (team), Drs R. Flowcr and Greenwood (individual). palding, \vith 359 mark out of 400, werc placed first and received the trophy from the Mayoress (1\1rs. l\lountain) Skegness with 324 marks and Bourne with 32 1 were second and third re, pectivcly. Eight teams competed.

NOTTINGHAM.-The thIrd annual g-cl1cral meeting of the ottingham Corps t\.C.0.' Club ,\ a held last month. Owing to pending promotion Corps Pcake was unable to continue as chairman and }vir. A. Hackett was elected to this post. A \'ote of thanks to Pl'ake fo r his past services was recorded. Corp!. Moreland \\ as re-elected as hon. secretary for the third year, and crgt. Budworth as hon. treasurer.

The Club is no\\' well e tablished a part of Brigade life in Nottingham. It meets eyery month and t1 cful uggestions are fo[\\arded to the "ariou officers of the Co r ps. In addition the social side is well catered for.

The competition for the N.C.O.'s Trophy wa held on March 20th. The trophy is a beautifully chased doub le-handled cup, fourteen and a half inches hif!:h, and was purchased by the N.C.O.'s and offeret! for annual competition for team of four privatcs.

Twelye teams entered and Cinderhill \\ ith 202 points gained first place, followed by Iapperley (178) and Carrington (16n).

The trophy and prizes were presented by l\Ir Gianelli. Corps Surgeon Major J. Cohen congratulated the teams on their work and the members of the .e.0.' Club on their excellent arrangcments.

The judges were Sergt. Stcyenson (team), CorpI. Branson and H/Sergt. Chilton (oral), ergot. Budworth and H/Sergt. Hopewell (practical).

POI\'TEFRACT.-The annual dinner of the Pontefrac t Corps was held on 17th. Corps Supt. T. C. Amery presided, supported by the 'JIayor and 1ayoress, Chief Constable of West Riding (Mr. G. V. Vaughan), Asst Commissioner H . C. Else and Mrs . Else, Asst. Commissioner Dr. K. A. H. Beverley and lVIrs Beverley, Lady District Officer Miss Ashberry, County Surgeon Sweetnam and Mrs. Sweetnam, Corps S u rgeons Sullivan and Hart, Mr. and Mrs. G. E. Guest and others.

The Chief Constab l e p r oposed "The Pontefract and District Corps." What greater object can any man have , he asked, than to help those who could not help themselves? The Brigade, with its now consummate d training was able to produce real experts, and perform a very definite service to the comm u nity wh ich he was happy to acknow l edge Like other respons ibl e officials, it s

members n?w received new responsibilities in the matter of a Ir raId precautions

In reply, Mr. Else expressed the desire of the Brio-ade to hand in hand with the police and all Members of the Brigade were there to be ?f serVICe to everyone and any thin a wanted of it within Its power, would be given. b Supt. Amery also replied and surveyed the year s work of the Corps. A new Division had been formed at Knottingley and a Division lost on the transfer of Torton to the .Askern Corps. Iembers had given 26,000 hours. to dnll, and 6,072 to public duties; cases had mcreased from 1,963 to 4,999; and 89 road accldcnt remov.als. The Pontcfract Ambulance had moved 1,519 9,524; and the Featherstone Ambulance 5J9, mIleage 6,009 The Corps had seven Grade I and five Grade 2 A.R.P. in tructors, 48 certificates for men and about 20 for women.

r The Corps had gained outstan.ding honours. Capt. \\. had been mvcsted by the King on hiS admlsslOl: to the Order and a similar honour W:l. S Councl.llor T. J. ,ides, J.P., before his death Intimation had Just becn received that Amb. Officer J. Corfiel.d had been admitted as a Serving Brother.

Dl\'. Llpt. A. Ackroyd, \\ith many amusino- dicrresSlo ns, cd The .:\layor, Corporation, and VIsItors."

Thc Mayor, in n:ply, paid tribute to the services of ?'II r. Amer} not only to the Brigade but to the town. The spulker endorsed the Chief Constahle' tribute to the B.rigade and aid it was a s('r\'ice freely and willincrlv to tho'c \\'ho needed it. The Mavor loca l .A.R .P org-ani ation ant! emphasised that it was esse ntial thc civil population become acquainted the precautions.

Dr. Beverley, before presenting the Corps priz(::;, O.llt that each member had to pass an annual relOll, ant! s.o a high standard \\ as maintained, 1 he Corp' Efflciency _. hield and thc Ii Lily Sides" Cup, hoth won by Pontdract 1 ursinO' Division were handed to Lady 'upt..Mi Brown; the Pon'tefract ociety Rose Bowl, \\'on by the J ontd ract :\ ur IIlg Cadet, to l\Iis Cawthorn.

, Amb." ODi.cer q. B. Rcid proposed,." Our HOll ll!"geons, and. attrIhuted the present effiCIency of the BrIgade to their help and interest. County Surgeon \\'eetnam replied.

The arrangements for the function were made by the Corps ecrctary.

No. VI District

The final competitions of the No. 6 District werc helJ on March 26th at Darlington.

The results \\ ere:-

Mcn:. Sih'e r Challenge Shield (competed for by Cou nty .wll1ners), 1, IIetton-le-Hole, 351 points; 2, e\\'CIty, 329; 3, l\liddlesbrough Central, 321. Highest !1 d n 'Id ual: "IIammersley Johnston" Cup, Pte. W eha rl ton, Hull Docks.

" " Bowl (open to teams of which no member has preVIOusly held a District trophy): 1, r. c. r. (Bellin o 'ham), 377 points; 2, Hull Docks, 346; 3, Clara Vale (Ste lla C. C. Corps), 344.

': Palmer" Trophy (teams of miners): 1, Lynemouth ((As hll1 g ton C. Corps), 287 points; 2, Dean and hapter (FerryhIll), 271.

Anderson" Cup (for Ambulance Division sho':" 1I1g hIghest all-round efficiency during 1937): 1 W hItby; 2, Sunderland Eastern; 3, IIun Docks

Nurses: "Burdon" Challenge Cup (County Trophy

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winners) : I , Stockton and Thornaby points; 2 City, 2992-;. 3", Dean and -225i. Alwyn J:? Smith Trophy (bed-making and sickroom 1, Lady Amb. Officer A. \Yatt and AI S. D Sculhon, Dean and Chapter.

· " Atkinson" Cup (highest marks by Durham competItor): M. Bates, Durham City.

· )" Bevan" Cup (highest marks by Yorkshire compebtor,,: A S. Ivy Kirk, Stockton.

Storey': Cup (for Kursing Di"ision showing hio-hest all-round 1, e\vcastle \Yestern; 2, · The trophl.es were presented by the :vIayor of DarImgton (CouncIllor J. H. Taylor).

The team and the Stockton and Th?rnaby urs1l1g team will represent the District in the Bngade Fmals.

No. VIll (Duke of Connaught's) Di s trict ClIERTSEY.-Dr. w,. Harmens (President), presided at the annual presentatIon of awards to members of the Chertsey, Addlesto.ne and Egham Division, supported by Mrs. Harmens DIV. Surgeon J D B Va'l d 111 V'l D' . . . 1 e an H rs.

G a l e, r. Mrs. Mc:'lIurdo, Supt. Gristock and Mrs nstock, Actll1g Lady Supt. l\lrs. Lamden Amb Offi E K d D' T cer . eene an IV. rea urer L. Hampshire .

.1\1rs. made the pre entations, which included a vice-presIdent S badge to Dr. J\1c::\'lurdo; Efficienc' (gIven by Gristock), to Hon. Sergt. \v. Hooks}' pnze for recrUlt WIth best attendance (given by Dr. Vaile) to G. i\lartyre; and also certificates, vouchers, medallions and labels. Mrs. Harmens expressed pleasure at beinO' present and the Division on its work. b Supt. Gnstock reported that during last year 107 were and. public duties covered at football matches,. bathmg pa.vlllOn, sports, fetes, etc During local CoronatlOn celebratIOns men and nurses were on duty for some 16 and 12 ca es receiyed attention

D:- \ aile referred to A.RP. instruction and stated the. Dl\'ISlO n had one Grade 1) one Grade 2 instructors wh.dst .2 1 men and 11 nurses held certificates. More hel s \\ ere, howeyer, needed for this work

Dr. Harmens inspected the parade an'd said he had the members " 'e ll equipped and well turned out. He the.m on their work and expressed pleasure on theIr effiClency following a demonstration

TEY:--'rIAl\I.-9f.1 March 20th the new ambulance of the. Teypham DIVISIOn was dedicated by Bishop A 1\1 Kl11ght 111 the presence of a laro-e o-atherinO' " Asst. Commissioner J ohn the amb I on behalf of the Diyision. u ance

D l\ Iembers of Teynham, Sittin gbo urne and DoddinO'ton 1\'1 Ions were on parade also members of T bl V.A.D. eyn lam

The ne,:v ambulance is a Bedford 28 h.p. and has for tw.o stretcher and seven sitting cases. The acqUISItIOn of thIS modern vehicle is the result f several years of hard work of the officers and men Supt. J. S. Read, and all the money was raised by local effort.

No. IX District

· KEARD.-The annual competitions of the Liskeard Dl\'ISlOnS and Sections were held !"ecently, followed by pre entation of awards by the PreSIdent (':\1r. F. Temple Roberts).

The Cup presented by Dr. E S. TooO'ood for te work, was won by Liskeard \\'ith 161 marks; Looe

second (15H) and were awarded the Cup presented by 1\lrs Temple Roberts.

In the test for the Indiyidual Cup, presented by Supt. H. H. \Venmoth, 'who judge-d .the Raddy (Looe) and Pte. Ra\\'lings (Llskeard) tied with .222 and it was decided that each should hold It for SIX months.

The President, after presenting the trophies, C(;>ncrratulated the winner. on their remarkable \york, whIch great credit on them.

Supt. vVenmoth urged that more entries hould l)c made next year

Dr. L. 1'1. Godlove adjudicated at the annual competitions of the Cadets, and congratulated the competitors on their hIgh standard.

Mrs. Gerrard, East Cornwall Commissioner of Girl Guides presented the trophies as follows:Cup (pre entcd by T /Sergt. S. C. Sanders): Cadets G. vYenmoth, A. Hutchings, G. Fuller, D. Crocker and P. Bowles.

" !vIr. Trelawny" Cup (individual test): Cadet Wenmoth, after a tie with Cad.et Baker.

T / Sergt. Sanders, who the boys, hoped that the selected team would agam wm the County Shield.

St. Mary lebon e Am bu l ance

GREAT success attended the final event of the above open competition which was confined to teams in the London area.

On April 7th, the eight successful preliminary round winners contested the possession of the trophies and some excellent work was witnessed by a gathering numbering nearly 300.

The judg-es were Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., (team) and Capt. F. 1? Bendix, (lI1dlvidual), their tests belI1g : Team - WhIlst walklI1g along a street the team noticed a night watchman in charge of some road repairs; suddenly he gave a cry a.nd fell forward.. O.n examination he was found to be suffering from an eptleptlc attack bleeding- from right palm, fractured right clavicle and left All first aid material had to be improvised including stretcher. Individuals-Nos. 1 and 3 had to deal with a lad suffering from concussion and wound on face and upper left ; Nos. 2 and 4, a r:,an had apparently attempted suiCIde, had taken prussIc aCid and also suffered from wound on left wrist; No.5 had to describe in detail, general signs and symptoms of fracture.

Alderman R. Stiles Allen, D L., J. P. (Mayor of St. Marylebone and Chairman of the Committee) presided at the subsequent ?f trophIes, supporte.d by Sir John Duncan (ChIef CommIssioner, S.J.A B.), SIr Hugh Turnbull (Commissioner, City of London PolLce), Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief, S.lA.B.), Capt. W. Goodley(Commissioner, No.1 District, S.J.A.B.), the judges, Mr. Joe Grossman and members of the Committee.. Others present included the Mayoress, D. G. MO.nt:lth (Competition Secretary, S.J.A.A.), CommIssIOners and District Officers of the S.J. A. B

The Chairman in his introductory remarks, informed those present as to the objects and the initial stages of the competition.

Mr. W. V. M. Allen (Competition Secretary) announced the results as follows: 1st (( Stiles Allen" Challeng-e Cup and replicas), L. M. S. R. (Camden), 298k marks; 2nd (( Selfridge" Trophy and Medals), Metropolitan Police "G"

Div., 266t ; 3rd (consolation prizes), City of London Police " B "266 Other teams were L. P. T. B. (Nt::asden), 262; L. N', E. R.· (Bishopsgate B), 236; City of London Special Constabulary, 229; I\letropolitar. Police "F" Div., 228k ; City of London Police" C," 177t.

Dr. M. 1. Scott, on behalf of the Committee, proposed an omnibus vote of thanks to those who had in any way tributed to the success of the competition and paid espeCial tribute to the l\layor, the trophy and prize donors, :;ir John Duncan for kindly presenting the trophies, the profession, Mr. Joe Grossman for the excellent stagIng, the publishers of FlRST AID, and the stewards.

Sir John Duncan in reply, referred t? the and efficiency shown by the teams, and the first aId work In general. He stated that during 1937, 689,000 cases had been attended by Brigade members. He of the. opinion that the Committee were worthy of the hIghest praIse.

Both judges addressed the paid trihute to the excellent work of the captaIn of the wlnnlI1g team.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher paid tribute to the member of the Committee. Composed a it was, of a member of .the municipal authority (Alderman Stil:s the medical profession (Dr. 1\1. 1\1. Scott), the Journaltstlc world ( lr. G. E. Craft, FIRST AID), and the workers (Supt. \V. ,: 1\1. Allen), it was a perfect Committee for a perfect competitIon.

The Chairman thanked Dr. Fletcher for his kind words and thus brought the function to a successful and atisfacton conclusion.

The Ho spitall e rs ' Club.

THE last meeting of the session was held on Friday, April th, the speaker being 1r. Chamberlain, and his subject "Traffic Contro1."

The President (M r. Standi ngford) i ntrod uced the lecturer, who gave some very interesting facts on the traffic of to-day. Dealing with traffic signals, the lecturer stated that the first of such signals were instituted outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868. The growth of private cars presented a serious proLlem and the figures, millions in the United Kingdom in 1935 as against 8,000 in 1904, speak for themselves.

There can be no doubt that as the result of the talk the pedestrian members of the Club appreciate the motorist's view better and also visa versa.

The president extended than ks to the speaker for his most interesting talk. He wished members a happy vacation and rem inded them that the annual dance would be held on October 22nd next.

E v ery penny s pent on ad v erti s ing crea tes prestige , standing and reputa t ion for the firm th at s pends it. It may not be discernable in imme diate resul ts, but the effect i s certain and t he po w er cumulativ e.

Priory for Wales.

TilE YEAR 1937 REVIEWED.

With the increasing liability to accident the Ambulance Iovement has assumed a position of national importance; and no more striking illustration of the almost phenomenal growth of this voluntary work can be found than in the twenty years' working of the Priory for Wales. When it is realised that in 1919, the first year of the Priory's existence as a separate e tablishment of the Order of St. John, the number of people qualifying annually was 2,500 and the Brigade strength in \Vales was limited to 5,000, the following summary of the activities during 1937 and position at December 31st is an interesting account.

.1 ssocialioll DtjJtlrllllenl.

The results of the classes held during the year, given in the following summary for each of the administrative Centres of the Priory, shows that 17,323 students attended courses of instruction, of whom 15,337 qualified for awards. Great \\Testern Railway classes in 'Vales were attended by 3,257 :.tudents of whom 2, 46 were successful, a decrease of 175 and 146 respecti\ ely on 1936. On the other hand, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Company classes re ulted in 620 a \,ards gained out of a total of 723 students, as compared with 606 and 6 for 1936.

ertincates and a\,vards gained.

The membership of the Brig-ade in Wales summarised below gives a total of 12,386. While four Ambulance, one Nursing, one Cadet Nursing and three Cadet Ambulance Divisions were disbanded as inactive during 1937, the following new l! nits were registered: eleven Ambulance, five Nursing, seven Cadet Ambulance and ten Cadet Xursing.

The production of a,n up-to-date textbook on the subject of First Aid in Mines has been a pressing need for some time past; and the Priory welcomed the task entrusted to it to p repare a draft for submission to the St. John Ambu lance Association. All parties concerned in the coalmining indusry were represented on the Revision Committee appointed for the purpose, which, with Professor George Knox, M.I.M.E .. F.G.S., presiding over the technical, and Major A W. Anderson, M. B., Ch. B., the medical Sections, has devoted considerable time and attention to this important w ork.

During the year 1937 the following A. R. P. awards were gained :-227 Grade 1, 137 Grade 2, 438 A. R. P. Certificates and 487 General Public Certificates. The total awards issued up to larch 31st, 1938, is 368 Grade 1, 264 Grade 2, 1,118 A. R. P. and 645 G. P. Certificates. In selecting Brigade OHicers for the Falneld Course the claims for A. R. P. Officers in the respective areas were considered; and n\'e of the places allotted to \\Tal es were occupied by the Superintendents of the l\1ines Rescue Stations at Aberaman, Brynmenin, Crun.lin, Dinas (Porth) and New Tredegar, who are rendering considerable service in the organisation, instruction and examination of Brigade A. R. P. classes in the respective districts. Over a hundred Grade 1 and Grade 2 Instructors gave up a week-end in August to perfect their knowledge by attendance at a Refresher Course organised by the Priory Headquarter A. R. P. Staff Officer, Captain S. B. Turner, I\1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., whose services the Priory was pleased to see recognised by his appointment to the Chief Commissioner's panel of examiners for marking Grade 1 papers.

Dr. W. C. Bentall, 0 B. E., A. R. P. Staff Officer to the Chief Commissioner, was good enough to address two meetings in Denbighshire, where classes have since been held, and paid a second visit to North Wales on the occasion of the comhined inspection at Chirk Castle, where his address ,"vas heard by a gathering representing the Brigade in six count ies and members of the general public. A. R. P. Demonstrations have become a feature at the annual inspections a r ranged in the various counties; and the supply of respirators and protective clothing on loan to the Priory is in constant circulation. The exhibition of the film "The

\Vorld in Revolt" at two of the Cardiff cinemas, arranged in conjunction \-\lith the Brig-ade, resulted in a class of members of the general public who subseqllently sat for G. P. Certificates. The Priory was pleased to be of assistance to the British Red Cross Society on several occasions by providing qualified examiners.

Brigade Activihes.

The number of cases of accident and sickness treated by Brigade members according to records at Priory House is 72,695. Of this total 2,581 were road accidents; and Nursing members put in 698 attendances at hospitals and clinics. A dozen first aid huts and 107 first aid posts and roadside boxes are maintained by Brigade Divisions. Special mention should be made of the services being rendered by Ambulance and Nursing members at first aid stations erected on most of the beaches at the popular seaside resorts. At Barry, Glamorgan, the station was open daily during the whole of the holiday season, during which time local Brigade members dealt with over 2,000 cases.

Manv Divisions have seen fit to persuade a number of members"to participate in hospital schemes for blood donors; and without any particular encouragement from Priory Headquarters considerable service is being rendered by this means. A second grant of £250 from King George's Jubilee Trust enabled one hundred girl Cadets and three hundred boy Cadets to enjoy a week's camping at Barry Island in ideal conditions.

The first Ccnference of Brigade Surgeons called by Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., since his appointment as Surgeonin-Chief for "Wales, was held on the morning of Sunday, September 26th, when a representative gathering of doctors tra\'elled to Cardiff from counties as far distant as MerionE'thshire in the north and Pembrokeshire in the west, to take part in the discussions on various medical aspects of Brigade work. One of the principal items considE'red was the contents of the individual haversack carried by the Brigade member; and the modifi cat ions recommended for adoption in \Vales subsequently received Headquarter approval. It was decided to make the Surgeons' Conference an annual event.

The awards of Service medals during 1937 brings the total number of recipients in Wales to 1,040. Competitions.

The introduction of Cadet competitions into the various Centre programmes was responsible for the gift of eig-ht cups during 1937, bringing the number of vested in the Priory Trustees to 131, of a total value of .£,2,269. The Priory accepts responsibility for insuring, cleaning and inscribing these trophies, which are competed for annually.

As winners in the vVebh Brig-ade Finals, the Tredegar Ambulance and Llanelly Nursing teams represented \-Vales in London. In the Welsh Railway Competition, org-anised each year by the Priory, the Newport Hig-h-street G. V.i. R. team was successful. In accrrdance with cust()m, lhe Prior y organised ambulance events in connt'cti()n with the two Webh National Gathering-s, the Royal National Eisteddfod and the Royal Welsh Show; :illd assistance was given to the promoters of competitions f0r police, road transport workers and others.

Grant from Special A reas Fund.

The adverse effects of the conditions in the poverty stricken "special areas" of South Wales upon such voluntary organisations as the Brigade, have heen very g-reatly relieved by g-rants which have been made by the Commi",<;ioner for the Special Areas on the rel'ommend<-l,ion of the District Commi sil>ner, Caplain Ceoffrt·y who has given most sympathetic cllOsideration to the various applications for assistance put forward frC'm time to time by the Priory.

AID

After it had been ascertained early in the year that the Commissioner was likely to consider favourably an application for the equipment of Cadets whose parents or guardians were unemplo) ed according- to certain specified conditions, the Priory undertook to obtain by questionnaire and subsequent enquiries the position reg-arding uniform requirements and the numbers eligible for benefit. The result disclosed tbat within 119 U nits concerned a total of 436 girls and 1,08-t boys came within the scope of the grant. An expenditure of £2,783 9 Sd. was tlnally aprroved for purposes of grant on the assurance of the Priory that every endeavour would be made ro equir the Cadets who are lacking- unifol m in any way and yet inelig-ible for grant owing to their employment or dependency upon employed pers0ns.

The allocation of a sum not exceeding- £5,000 for the provision of ambulance halls where no suitable ac ommodation existed has been more than half expended in grants representing- 50 per cent. of the cost of tbe scheme up to a limit of £275 plus 50 per cent. of architect' and solicitors' fees. As a time-limit was imposed on the availability of the grant, it was necessary in many for Cnit to borrow the balance between the amount in hand and the 50 per cent. needed to earn grant; and the Priory has ad\'anced varying amounts at 1 per cent. repa) able within a maximum period of five years.

jl/edical Comforts D epo ts.

The Priory for \Vales tal<es credit for initiating the scheme for the provision on loan of medical comfort and invalid requisites for the sick poor through the medium of ledical Comforts Depots; and though the 52 Dt'ppts operating- in vVales dealt with the issue of a total of 7,616 articles during 1937, development of this branch of actiyit) has been impeded for the pa t few years b) the inability of Divisions to raise fund nece sary to rerleni h tock.. The Priory therefore welcomed an opportunity to co-operate in a scheme for the establishment of a chain l\ledical nmforb Depots in the Special Areas. The Health en-ices Comillittee of the South "Vales and l\lonmout h hire ouncil of Social Service having been succe sful in obtaining- a gran t from the Commissioner for the Special Area for the purpose of largely augmenting the number of District ub · mitted to him a scheme which envisag<'d the re-equipm nt of existing- Depots and the establishment of new one v. her e necessary, to meet the incr a ed demand for sick room requisites consequent upon the espansion of the Nursin g Services. The Priory gladly undertool< to he re ponsible for the provision of personnel and premises in re pect of fift) Depots, the Briti h Red Cross Societ), accepting responsibility for eight. The Commissioner's approval wa intimated at the beginning of December; and it was agreed that th e value of the scheme would be enhanced if the number of DE'pots could be increased and the articles thereby rendere d more g-enerally accessible. To this end, there was a splendid response to the arpE'al for the co-operation of Brigade Unit s in the additional districts involved, with the rE'sult that it ha s been p0ssihle to pr('lvide equipment for 67 SI. John Depot s instead of the SO orig-inal1y contemplated. Of this total, th e standard issuf' of equipml"'nt at a value of £40 v,'as made t o 34, while 17 of the older-established Depots receIved a generous of their equipment at an averag e value of £32 and 16 smaller Depots received a reduced scal e of equipment averaging £24 in value.

A 71lbulance Transport Serv£ces.

'I he unbroken record of annual increases in the numb er of ca<;es removed and mileage travelled by the Priory 's ambulances since 1919 was maint(linE'd last year when th e fig"ures r()se hv 2.005 ca"es and 22.705 miles on the 19 36 tot;:ds to 18,241 and 302,240 respt'ctively for the year. Th e number of stati(lns in the co-ordinated sE'rvice remains th e same as in 1936, but the Service is receiving fuller suppor t from all sources as the demand for am bu lance transpo rt

FIRST AID

develops. There are 25 COlliery Companies subSCribing for a call upon the cars, in a manner approved by the H?me Office as with statutory obligations regardmg ambulance prOVISIon, covering approximately 46, men in 72 collieries ; 11 other Companies, involVing 4,832 men, are subscnbtng on a similar basis. An number of 27,000 householders are entitled to the free use of an ambu.lance for themselves or dependents as members of 71 Colliery Lodges, while 60 other bodies of embracing -t,700 men are contributing on a slmdar basis of one penny per week. The service is officially supported by t h.e Cardiff Health Department, the L1anelly Borough Council, the Aberdare Urban District Council and Aberdare and Districl General Hosrital. Realising- the of.a calIon an ambulance, 3,500 private individuals

In 31 dl lncl are affiliated as I. out ide" subscribers

The Priory: gratefullv. acknowledg-es a further grant of £1,000 for expenditure from the Joint Committee for lonmouthshlre and South Wales "[iners' vVelfare Fund.

Of the twelve home service ambulances operated in \Vale the a committee equally representative of the Pnory and Brltl h Red Cro Society, eig-ht are in of t. John Divi ion<;. These which prOVide an ad.equate service in the rural areas, with 2,3! 1 ca e wlLh a total milf'age of 36,332 during the year an Increa e of 304 and 6,979 respectivt..ly on 1936: ' lort's Dt'jarilJ7ellt.

"a les of textbooks, stores and uniform WE're well indicating- that the free issue of uniform and to tne of the £5,000 grant from the reclal I, und .durmg the previous year had stimulatzd the purcha ' e of for lho<;e not eligible for benefit.

Of the 6,937 pul-,IJcallOn<; sold, 2,907 were A. R. P. handbooks. The d emcl.nd for the h translation of the preliminar textbook I almo t negligible. y

Police Ambulance News.

POLICE COi\lPETITIO 1938.

INDIVIDUAL TESTS. Nos. 1 and 5. You ha\"e mel outside a lonely cottage, two miles from the nearest hou e or telephone (which is at the police station). \ lad rushe out of the cottage, obviously desiring to <rive you a me age. Act. ,."

. allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when the message IS delIvered to you by the lad.

'OTE FOR JUDGE.

Injuries present. - Todine poisoning and fracture of lower end of Left Humerus, with dislocation of the elbow JOint. Shock.

.Printed card, to be handed by lad to the competitors beanng the words: " Father slippE'd and hurt his arm asked me to g-ive him some brandy, but I'm afraid must have been the wrong bottle."

Approac:h. what has (Boy hands card)

Hasten to patIent: warn hln1 not to move (patient groans and points to his throat and left elbow)

Any visible (no)

Any "dampness of clothing (no)

Any obvious injury elsewhere apart from places indicated (no) ... . ..

Make patient comfortable and cover

Turn head to one side

Observing of left' and steadIly support left arm and elbow.

IMMEDIATE INVESTIGATION OF POISONING.

State of breathing (a) is it discernible (yes) (b) Is it failing (no)

Odour of breath (as in bottle)

Any c?rrosion of mouth and lips (110)

Examtne contents of bottle: preserve bottle

By smell and colour identify iodine ... . ..

Has patient v.omited (ve.ry slightly, show blue vomit)

Preserve vomIted material

Does complain of (a) (yes)

PIt of stomach (yes)

Any dlarrhcea (no)

Confirm iodine poisoning

IMMEDIATELY TREAT POISONING

Temporarily support arm in small arm sJino-

At once send boy with written messags to Stating what has occurred doctor

And to notIfy any neighbouring- relatives

Observe the only starchy material available is white bread

1.acerate soft bread' 'with cold in freely "by mouth to patient

Give emetic promptly (2 tablespoonfuls salt in tumbler lukewarm water). (judge states there will be no .vomiting at end of five minutes)

DeCIde emetic every 5 minutes (J udge states . vomltmg WIll not occur) ,.. ... .. back ?f throat with fingers (patient vomits)

Give salad od

Give strong tea

INVESTIGATION OF ARM INJURY.

Any swelling (marked)

Any pain (a) severe (yes) ; (b) sickening (yes)

Any loss of power (yes)

Any defon:nity (a) Unnatural position (yes) (b) (yes) ; (c) shortening (yes)

Was unnatural mobility and crepitus accidentally discovered (yes, both) '" ...

Is there numbness below elbow (yes)

Do not test for fixity ... . ..

Any marks on clothing or skin (as you see) the snap of bone heard or felt (yes, both)

DIagnose fracture of lower part Left Humerus and dislocation of elbow

Maintain support, pending ::: :::

Commence examination for other injuries (none present)

IN"ESTIGATION OF PATIENT'S GENERAL CONDITION.

State of pulse (rarid and feeble) : colour of face (pale) of skin (cold and clammy) ; state of breathIng (quick and sighing)

DIagnose II Shock"

TREATMENT.

Maintain comfortahle position of patient low and turned to one side

Raise feet

Rest left elhow and arm in comfortable position and support bv rolled blanket

Any ice available (no)

Aprly cold water dressings

Renew as necessarv

Apply hot water ho"ttles (testE'd to pit of stl1mach and 0ver heart

Cover patient with blankets

EnsurE' frE'sh

face with and cold'water

Vlg-or?us friction limhs from below upwards

Smelltng salts cautIOusly applieq

Gi \'e more strong tea

Carefullv 'watch and reassure patient while awaiting doctor and ambulance special marks for grasp of case and efficiency

Total 100

2 3

Apply two padded splints from above knee to beyond foot (a) Outer side; (b) Inner side of leg

Secure by correct bandag-e (a) Above fracture

(b) Below fracture

(c) Immediately above knee

(d) Around both ankles ,

(e) Broad bandage around both knees

No.2.

You are called to attend to a prisoner who has recelved a kick on the right shin. There are no injuries elsewhere. Doctor and ambulance have been summoned. There is one unskill£'d bystander present. First aid kit is readily available. Scene: Your local police station. Act.

Time allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when you receive this card.

NOTE FOR JUDGE.

Injuries present.-Fracture right .Tibia, wound and hGemorrhage im'olving overlymg vancose vem. Approach. \\Tarn patient not to move. (Patient moans: "Oh my varicose vein has burst again ").

Lay patient down on back, carefully and

Slit up outer seam of trouser and underc1othmg- anJ expose wound

Observe hGemorrhage from wound, and irregularity of tibia

I nstruct bystander to steady and support leg by holding ankle and foot.

IN\'ESTIGATION OF WOUND.

Iodine or spirit to own fing-ers

Colour of hGemorrhage (dark red); nature of flow (steady)

From both sides of wound (yes) ; Any obvious foreign bodies (no)

Is wound obviously dirty (yes)

Can surgical aid be procured at once (no)

Diagnose hGemorrhage from wound involving varicose vein

TREATMENT OF WOUND AND H.tEMORRHAGE.

Do not raise leg to right angle

No direct digital pressure

Loosen garter

Apply bandage on side of wound away from heart

As far from fracture as efficiently possible

Apply bandage on side of wound nearest heart

As far from fracture as efficiently possible

Is hGemorrhage controlled (yes)

Wash away as much dirt from wound as possible with sterile water ...

Do not wash surrounding parts towards wound

Apply tincture of iodine over wound and surrounding skin

Clean, dry, soft absorbent dressing

Pad of wool, lint or soft material

Bandage lightly

FURTHER INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT OF LEG.

Any pain at seat of fracture (yes)

Loss of power in limb (yes)

Any swelling about seat of fracture (yes)

Any deformity (no)

Any irregulary of bone: (a) felt; (b) seen (yt:s)

Was unnatural mobility and crepitus accidently discovered (no)

Any marks on clothing and skin (as you see)

Confirm diagnosis of fracture of tibia (compound)

TREATMENT OF FRACTURE.

Holding ankle and foot

Gently draw foot into its natural position

I nstruct bystander to maintain position until splints are fixed

GENERAL INVESTIGATION.

Is patient conscious (yes)

Colour of face (pale)

Condition of skin (cold and clammy)

State of pulse (rapid and feeble)

State of breathing (quick, sighing and irregular)

TREAT SHOCK.

Lower head and turn to one side

Raise both feet slightly

Undo tight clothing about neck, chest and waist

Give sips of cold water

Keep patient warm with (a) blankets (b) hot-water bottles (tested) to heart and pit of stomach

The annual friendly competition between" J " Division Regulars and Specials and the City of London Regulars and Specials was held at Ley ton on Tuesday, F 1

Captain W. Goodley, l\l. C. (Commt. loner, 1'\ o. District, S.J.A.B.), kindly judged the \vork.

Many officials of both forces were i.n attendance, including Col. Drummond, 1\1r. George , 1\1 r C. C. Ralph , Supt. Martin, Chief Inspectors Fnth of the lets. Sir HU<Yh Turnbull, Capt. Da\,1 on, hlef S.upt , ,.., d D " J " D' ec al Hayes of the City, COOlman ant awes, 1\'. PI, l\lajor Chalk, Capt. A. C. 'Vhik Knox, COlllmanders and Craft, of the City Specials, and others. P.c. Goodwtn, "J " Div., was the competition secretary.

Supt. Martin presided at the subsequent supper and welcomed the guests. He referred to the high standard of police first aid.

Capt. Goodley announced the result which was 1\ J" Division, 2nd, City" B," 3rd, City "A," 4th, City Specials, 5th, " J" Specials. Capt. Goodley all teams on their work and he was pleased to have Judged the tests. He went on to give some good advice for future occasions, which the competitors appreciated.

Sir Hugh Turnbull in a few words thanked the letropolitan Police for their kind hospitality, and congratulated " J " Division on its win. He hoped the teams would meet again in the City next year. .

The "J" Division concert party rendered a very enJoyable programme.

The annual competition between teams of " 1\1 " Division Reg-ulars and Specials was held on March 7th, when the Regulars beat the Specials by 18 marks

Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., Judged the team test and Mr. G. E. Craft, of FIRST AID, the individual work , It was only the experience of the Regulars in individ.ual work that enabled them to gain first place as the Speclals team led on the team test.

Commandant Matthews presented the II DaltonMatthews" cup to the winners. The competition stimulated the interest in first aid and he hoped his team would perhaps manage to win next year.

FIRST AID

Supt. Brig-Rs said he was very proud of the Specials, and paid tribute to the time given by members in (heir training-.

Capt. White Knox gave some excellent criticism on the work done, as also did Mr. Craft.

Dr. M. M. Scott, who had trained both teams, said he was pleased with the standard of the work, and paid tribute lo the work of Commandant Brown from Headquarters.

Commandant Brown urged the members of the Special Constabulary to continue with their good work and make themselves worthy assistants of the regular Force.

Com in g Events .

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 forth· coming events fur inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

APRIL.

23. .-\malgamated Anthracite Inter.Colliery Ambulance Competitioll, Ammanford.

_3. - :-\0. 1 (Prince of \Vales s) District Competition Final, Northampton In titute, E. C.

23 24. - '\1l-England .\. R. P CO IJrse, .J.A. B., Great Central Holel, London.

26. London and North Ea Railway Group Competition, l\larylebon

2Y. Great \\'e tern Railway Competition Finals, Paddington.

.Ill. No.8 (Duke of 'o nnaught's) District, S J.A B., Final Cnll1retiti0os, Fnlkestone.

:'.1" \.

" tanle) I, 'hie ld, B. R. S. Final Competition, (,reat Central Hotel, Londun. outhgate , \mbulance and Southgate and Finchley :\ursing Divi ions' Annual Social, Southgate.

ll.- London, lidland and cottish Railway Co:npetition Finals, \\'harncliffe Rooms, larylebone, London.

8.- National Road Passenger Tran port Ambulance Association, r\ orthern Area Competitions, Preston.

10.-Southern Railway Competition Finals, Cannon House, London.

11. -C ity of London Special Constabulary" lcRea" Indi\ idual Competitions.

13.- t. John Ambulance Brigade .\mbulance and Nursing Final Competitions, Great Central Hotel, London.

1S.-C ityof London Special Constabularv Inter-Divisional C0ll1l16titions.

18. - CardifT and District Road Transport Ambulance Competition, Aberdare.

20 to June 10. - National V.A . D. Training Camp.

22 - National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association, 1idland Area Competitions, Beeston.

24 to 27.-National Safety Congress, London.

26 .-Inter-Railway Ambulance Competitions, Great Central Hotel, London.

27 - London, Midland and Scottish Railway Women's Competitions Final, London.

28 .-County of London Branch, B. R. C. S., Annual Inspection.

29 .-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association Final Competitions, Birmingham.

Letters to the Editor .

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.-EDITOR.

POSTING OF NOTICES IN LECTURE ROOMS. DEAR SIR,-

I should be pleased if you could inform me if there is a rule stating that all notices affecting various detachments as a whole (S.J.A.B. and B.R.C.S.) be posted in lecture rooms, etc. If not, I suggest that Headquarters see this is done. The minority see those notices, but what of the large majority. I think each member should have a chan.:e of seeing them Fosted up.

It is the ordinary members that make up detachments and divisions, and it is on them that the mass of public duty is placed. Therefore I think they should be regarded as men and not as mere puppets; we must remember it is a voluntary service.

I bring this to the notice of all concerned as I think by this means the ordinary members will be able to place more reliance and confidence in their officers, thus making for more happy and efficient detachments and divisions.

Yours faithfully, Bath. " FIRST AmER."

WINTERBOURNE GUNNER ANTI-GAS SCHOOL.

DEAR SlR,-

May I be permitted to correct a statement in your February number, in which it is stated that the Lady Supt. of Wetherby 'ursing Division was the first S.J.A.B. officer to gain distinction at the Anti-Gas School, \Vinterbourne Gunner.

I have the honour to hold a distinction certificate from the same school, obtained at the 1936 course, and I think I am correct in stating that others-Dr. Ramsbottom of Rochdale and Miss Gardner of Bournemouth-gained the same award at the same time.

\Vhether any g-ained it at the course held in 1935 I do not know.

Faithfully yours, B. M. HOSSACKS. Lady Corps Supt.

Blood Tr a n sfu sion in Ne w Zeal a nd.

A-r a meeting- held in Christchurch the National Blood Transfusion Council of New Zealand resolved to form a Branch at Christch urch The Cha irman of the North Canterbury Hospital Board was elected President, whilst the committee is composed of Doctors A. D. Nelson (l\ledical Supt.), P. Stanley Fost:er, C. T. Hand Newton, J. Restell Thomas, P. A. Ardagh, L. C. L. Averill, and Edgar Thomson (Han. Medical Adviser), Commander C. H. Kersley, R. N. V. R. (Retd.), (Hon. Secretary), and P. C. Browne, A.P.A. N.Z. (Hon. Auditor).

to the keenness displayed by Dr. Edgar Thomson and Commander Kersley, who have been giving frequent lectures to business firms and societies on the objects of the Service and its importance to humanity, over 100 voluntary donors offered their services, as a result the Service was put into operation on December 1st, 1937.

It is the intention of the Council to extend this humanitarian Servict; which is :::onducted under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Association.

Railway Ambulance News.

The I nter- Ra i Iway COITI petition.

On Friday, 1\1arch 25th, the preliminary competltlOn for Ungroupe d Railway was h eld in L ondon and jud ge d by Dr. R. B. Duncan.

The result was :-lst, Metropolitan Line , L.P.T.B., 241 marks; 2nd, Cheshire Lines Committee, 236; 3rd , Midland and Great orthern Join t, 226; 4th, Southern and L.11.S Joint (Somerset and Dorset), 181.

The Metropolitan Line will therefore compete in the Inter-Railway final, together with the two leading t eams of each of the fou r main g roups.

The final will be held at the \Vh arn cliffe R ooms. Great Central Hotel, London, on Thursday, May 26th; the judges being Captain A. C. White Knox M.C., 1\ I. B., Ch.B (team) and Dr. 1\1. 11. Scott, 1\1.R.CS. , L.R.CP.

Great We ster n.

\Vm.fE T'S Al\fBULAXCE COMPETITION.-The first competition for women employees of the Company was held at Paddington on Tuesday, March 29th, when seven teams contested possession of the "Florence M. Lean" Challenge Trophy, presented by 1Irs J. F. Lean, wife of the former Principal Assistant to the General Manager. The entrant s included teams from Paddington (2), Swindon (2), Worcester, Birm ingham and Shrewsbury, and represented various grades in the service The adjudicators were Dr. S. McCormac of Newport and Dr. C S. Dra wmer of Southall for the team and individual work respectively, and both judges testifi ed to the gene ral high standard of work displayed. The result of the competition was :-lst, "Florence M. Le an" Cup and prizes (pewter tea services) , Shrewsbury, 185t marks; 2nd (barbola mirrors), Paddington, 183; 3rd (tea knives and forks), Swindon, 168.

Mr. F. R. Potter, Superintendent of the Line, presided over the subsequent function and distributed the prizes, the announcement being made that the challenge trophy would be presented on the occasion of the men's final competition on April 29th. Mr. Potter, who congratulated all the competing teams, generously offered on behalf of his wife, a furth er trophy for women competitors.

COMPETITIONS.-The semi-final round of the Company's competitions, which took place in March at Birmingham, ewport, Bristol and Paddington, has r esulted in the following teams being selected to participate in the final contest in the General Meeting Room at Paddington Station on April 29th :-Barry Locomotive, Westbury , Swindon, Aberdare Hi g h Level, Purton, Pilning, Pai g nton , Trawscoed.

It is anticipated that the Rt. Hon. Viscount H orne, Chairman of the Company, will make the presentations at the final competition Th e adj udicators will be Dr. S McCormac of Newport and Dr. W. J. Crawford of Southall.

and Llanbrynmair ambulance classes held their annual din n e r and presentation of award at the Lion IIotel recently when Mr. J. \V Enser, District Traffic Manager Oswestry, presided, and was supported by Lt.-Col. the Hon. Robert Lygon, 11. \ 7.0. who distributed the awards. Dr. J. C. Ashton, lecturer. T. C. A. Hodson, Diyisional Ambulance Secretary, Oswestry, and 1Ir. T. II. Evan. tationmaster. l1achynlleth. An interesting report of the session's work \-vas presented by 1Ir. A. Griffiths. 1Iachynlleth cla s secretary, Wl10 referred to the assistance rendered by the Llanbrynmair memhers at the Tatio n al Eisteddfod, and to the fact that gold efficiency medals had been gained by two of the Machynl1eth class. Dr. Ashton paid special tribute to Mr. Hodson's splendid ambulance service of 42 years. An enjoyable musical programme was rendered du r ing the enning.

WOLVERHAMPToN.-The annual dinner and presentation of awards in connection with the \Volyerhampton class was held at the Hotel on 1farch 18th when 11r. H. S. B. Whitley, Divisional presided, and was supported hy officers of the Company Presentations of 68 examination a\\ ards gained by class members were made by the (Councillor R. E. Probert) who congratulated the recipients. lIe als o presented to the captain of the 'V o1verhampton heginner ,' team the" F elix Fello\\s " Cup for incli\·jcluaJ work. which the team has secured for the third time. I'Ifr. F. O\·erhurv• Divisional ambulance secretary. made a presentation. hehalf of the class. to their lecturer. Dr. Good. and G. Hopkins. secretary, was made the recipient of a smoking outfit in appreciation of hi.:; s('[vices. Il enjoyable entertainment "as provided hy the Serenackrs an d othe r artistes.

Londo n, Mid land and Scott i sh.

Th e Women's preliminary Ambulance competitioll was held at Southport and Derby as a result of "'hicll th e following teams will compete in the final to he held in Lond on during May : -G lasgow "B," GlasO"ow Account s ( 1) , London " A," London "c."

Twenty teams entered the preliminary round.

The preliminary ambulance competition round fOl men was held at Southport and Derby from March 28tl to April 1st. Sixty teams competed and the leading nin e teams will take part in the final competition to be hel d in t h e Wharncliff e Ro oms, Hotel Great Central, London on May 6th.

The finalists will be :-Crewe Machine Shop, N ewton H eath , Ed g e Hill Goods, Wolv erton "A," Bushbury Blythe Bridge, Camden" A," Saltley Traffic, Bristol Lo co

BURNLEY.-The Railwaymen's Subscription Cup fo r the s u cces sful team in the North-East L ancash ire Distri ct has been won by the Burnley Stati on No.2 team.

Mrs. Rayner pres ented the cup and distributed award s to the team and members. Mr. J. 1. Cowlishaw acted as Chairman. The following awards were distribut ed:-

FIRST

Gold Label (25 years), George Beevis; (20 years), George Owen: Gold Medal (15 years), R. B. Burrell, George Sutcliffe, E. Green, R. Blacklock. 12 labels 2 vouchers and 1 certificate. '

Members presented a cigarette li g hter and case to the retiring secretary, 'NIr. R. H et herington, to mark his 12 years' service. Mr. R. Connell is the new class secretary.

CREWE.-A large gat hering assembled on March 8th to show appreciation of the services of Mr. Jackson as Class Secretary for 14 years. On behalf of members, Dr. II E. :\1oore handed over a wardrobe and a cigarette box to 11r. Tackson.

Mr. J. H. Lea, who presided, introduced Mrs. Thorn . wife of the Assistant \iVorks Superintendent, and asked her to distribute the 60 certificates, 20 medallions and 19 "oucher , together with 19 go ld awards (15-35 years) won during' th e past year.

11r. Thom presented the new shield to the Copper Shop team, winners of the 1st Division Competition, and congratulated Ir. Evans (captain) on their success.

Messrs. D1akesley and 0' eill t hank ed Dr. Moore ,

AID

a 16th Century glass in appreciation of his work for the Corps Arrangements were made by the new Class Secretary, Mr. T. Allen.

EusToN.-The twelfth annual presentation of awards and social evening of the Euston (Clerical) Ambulance Class took place on March 11th, when an enjoyable evening was spent by members of the Class and their friends

Mr. G. Morton presided over the presentation ceremony which took place during the evening, and Mrs. Morton distributed the awards, cups and prizes. Mr. and Mrs. S. J. Marchant were present and Mr. Marchant paid a special tribute of appreciation to the doctors for their work in lecturing. Dr. Gilbert Orm e responded with a happy speech.

The Ladies' Class had again been invited to take part and a new feature, a whist drive, took place in the Upper Room, whilst dancing was progressing downstairs. Both the Ladies ' and the Men's Classes again r eport a satisfactory year's work. Eighty-nine awards were g ained by the men, a new high record for the Class, and thirtyfour awards by the Ladi es' Class.

The indi vidua l competi tio ns organised by both Classes met with exce ll en t support and were keenly contested.

L. N. E. R. Final Com petitions.

I r. H. N ewton (Divisional General 1anager) Sir Gerald Talbot (President, G. E. Centre) presenting presenting the G.N. Offi ce rs Cur to Kings Cross the G.E. Championship Cup to Bishopsgate "B" Loco Team. Team

r. and Irs. Thorn, Messrs. J. H. Lea and G. \V. Bostock for their work in connection ,,,ith t he ambulance movement at C rewe.

D ERBY.- An outline of the w or k of the Carriage and \Vagon Department Ambulance Corps was given by Mr. E. Puo-son when he presided at the annu a l d inner of the Corps In replying to the toast of "The C and W. Co rps)} pr opose d by Dr. ' iV. St. John, Mr. Pugson complime nted t he C.M.E. Erecting Shop team on winning the " Duke of Portland" Shield and paid tribute to Mr. H C Healey, the former class secretary, who was presented wit h a chr o mium and bakelite coffee table. Earlier in the day, 11r. Healey had also been presented with a si l ve r salve r and tea service from ambulance men in the district and with an electric clock from the District Committee.

Mr. Pugs on also congratulated Mr. Healey who, toget her with Messrs. W. W. Gilbert, J. W. Wa gg and F. ]. Gilbert has been appointed to the grade of Serving Brother of the Order of St. John.

Presentations were also made to Messrs. F. r. G ilbert (former Treasurer), W. W. Gilbe r t and J W Wagg (instructors), and to Dr St. John, who r eceived

London and North Eastern.

In addition to certificates and awards for first-aid work the L. N .E R. has a special meritorious award which is only given in exceptional cases and is the highest honour that any employee of the Company can gain for ambulance work.

During the year ended S e ptember 30th, 1937, only one case has been adjudged worthy of this award. On Decembe r 11th, 1936, a steam crane in use on a trader s private siding ran off the track into a deep hole and its driver was trapped under the boiler. Whilst he was being r eleas e d Fr e derick Albert Wootton and James Wes ley Hancock, both employed in the Comp an y s Locomotive Department at H itchin, descended into the hole, which w a s full of escaping st eam and scalding water from the boiler of the crane , a nd at great risk to themse lves divert e d the stearn and water from the body of the unfortunate cra n e driver. Under the directions of a medical man. who was quickly in attendance, they a.dministered chlo r oform to the t r app e d mC).n and remained in a very preca r ious position in the pit until the man was released. In a report on th e incident the medical

MACHYNLLETII AND Lr<A:t-.'1! R¥NMAIR.-The Machynlleth

officer said, ., I feel that the a sistance given was most brave under dreadful circumstances."

In view of the exceptional circumstances the L.N.E.R. Ambulance Committee decided that the meritorious award should be given to each of these two men.

The presentation was made at a special ceremony in the Board Room at Liverpool Street Station, on March 10th. by Captain \V. Goodley, 1I.e. (Ambulance Secretary, G.e.. G.E. and G.N". Centres). 11r. A. H. Peppercorn, Locomoti\-e Running Superintendent, who is head of the Department in which the men are employed. presided.

ORfH EASTERN AREA.

The District Competitions haH now been held and the winning team from each District \"ill compete for the" \Yharton" Shield. The results were as follows :-

HULL DrsTRICT.-Dock Engineers o. 2 gained first place with 179 mark. follo\YCd by Paragon TO. 1 and Dairycoates. who both scored 17-1.. Drs. J. D. Burrows (York) and \V. Yeates (North Shields) were the judges' r.1r. J. S. Harper presented the Shield.

LEEDS DlSTRICT.-Seven team competed, Leeds \Vellington treet being placed first with Cross Gates and Starbeck second and third. Dr. R. G. Russell eWingate) and T. Ru sell (Trimdon Colliery) adjudicated; 11r. L. Sproat, District Superintendent. York. presented the District Shield and Cups.

11r. VV. E. Blakey, District Goods Manager. Leeds. presented a Long Service Gold Medal to Mr. H. Stainthorpe; a 25-years' Gold Bar to Mr. J. A. Deacon, and and a 20-yeclrs' Gold Bar ta 1\Ir. E. G. \Vallis.

11lDDLE BROL'(,!i J)r. TRlcT.-:\liddlesbrough wcre dcclared the \\·inners, fallo\\'ed by Loftlls and Stocktnn. The judges were Dr E. D. \i\Tilson (Darlington) and E. B. Appleby eN e",castle). )'Ir. K. P. Walker, District Goods and Dock Manager, \Vest Hartlepool, presented the District Shield, whilst 11r. S. Cooper, Centre Secretary. presented a Long Sen ice Gold 1\Iedal to l\Ir. G. Whitaker, and a 20-year's Gold Bar to 1Ir. S. G. vVallis.

YORK DISTRICT.-Drs. E. J. Burnett (Saltburn) and H. Fallows (Redcar) adj udicated on the tests and placed York Locomotive first, followed by York Station and York e. & W. No. 1. Mr. L. Sproat, District Superintendent. York, presented the District Shield to the winners and the Police Cup to the runners-up.

11r. 'vV. H. Brown, \i\Torks Manager, presented Long Service Gold Medal to 11r. A. Judges, Gold Bars to Mr. J. Taylor (25 years) and 11r. E. Dale (35 years), also Vellum Votes of Thanks to Messrs. A. Noble and F. C. Stead.

NEWCASTLE DI STRICT.- Tyne Dock, with 349 marks, were again successful in this District. Drs. e. D. Wilson and W. J. Payne, both of Darlington, adjudicated. Mr. L. BalIan, District Superintendent, Sunderland, presented the District Shield to the winning team and the" George Jackson" Memorial Bowl to the runners-up, Newcastle Central team.

DISTRlcT.-Drs. L. L. Westrope (Gateshead) and G. P. Harlan (Newcastle) acted as judges, and placed Darlington Engineers "B" first, followed by Shildon Works and Darlington Police. The District Shield and Cup were presented by Mr. T. B. Hare.

AID

SOUTHERN AREA.

Final competition for the G.N. Officers' Cup was held on March 2..J-th, when the six 'winning team, 0 f the Di trict competitions presented them elves before Dr. E. J. elby (team) and Dr. A. Rees (indi"idual).

The team test ", as that of a policeman who had been hot during a sma h-and-grab raid and was found to he uffering from arterial haemorrhage from head wound, gunshot wonnd and fractures of thigh and tibia, venou haemorrhage from palm of hand and concussion developing into compression.

Mr. Barrington-vVard (Superintendent of the Line, V\' estern Section), presided at the presentation in the absence of ir Ronald 1Iatthews, the Centre President.

Capt. VV. Goodley, M.e. (Centre Secretary) announced the results. which were :-1, King-' Cross Loco 331; 2, New England, 329: 3, 313: 4, Boston, ; 5, Drighlington, 257; 6, Doncaster, 224.

1\lr. C. H. ewton (Di"i ional General 1fanager), presented the Championship Cup and individual prizes. and also the" Liddell-Steele" Cup to Kiner's Cross Loco team as winners of the London District competitions.

In reply to a vote of thanks. )'1r. Newton that the competition was the 37th annual event. Thl rty-five team entered a against thlrt) -eight last year. During the pa't year 887 a\\arcls had been O'ained, an increase of 32, and he hoped a further increa e would be sho,", n this year. Long Service medals had been gained by 114 members and 104 Bars for further service. He expressed thanks to the Officer of the Company for their support, also to the l\ledical Officers, Capt. Goodley, District and CIa s Secretaries for the great interest they show in the work.

He wished the King's Cross team eYery success III the LN.E.R. Group competition

Both judges addressed the competitors and expressed the opinion that the standard of w-ark was very high.

Among those present was 11r. Tom Smith, who had recently resigned the position of Centre Secretary and Mr. on behalf of all members of the G.N. Centre, presented him with a gold pencil and a silver cup in appreciation of the great work he had done from 1926 to 1937 in his position as Centre Secretary.

Mr. Smith, with great feeling, acknowledged the gifts. He wa.? particularly pleased to be present and took the opportunity of expressing his thanks for the kind messages he had received from many members.

He was pleased to accept the gold pencil as a personal gift from them all, but the cup he wished to present to the G.N. Centre as a championship trophy for the runnersup in the final competitions. As occupiers of the second place it was his great pleasure to present the cup for the first year to the New England team. Mr. Smith also referred in eulogistic terms to the work of his successor, Capt. Goodley, and urged all members to be as loyal to Capt. Goodley as they had been to him.

The proceedings concluded with three cheers for Mr. Smith, and these were given in a very cordial and hearty manner by all present.

After having held the championshi.p of the Great Eastern Centre for 16 years, Parkeston "A" team met their Waterloo at the G.E. Finals, held on March 30th at Stratford. Bishopsgate" B" finished marks of Parkeston and so became champions for the first tIme.

Seven teams, which secured the highest number of marks in the preliminary competitions, competed in the finals, which were judged by Capt. F. E. Bendix, L.R.e.P., M.R.e.S. and Dr. Russell Steele.

The team test was that of a man who had fallen from a scaffold, striking his back on a wheel-barrow. In falling a projecting nail caused a punctured wot1nd over

FIRST

lower ribs an.d the patient was found to be suffering from fractured spme, fractured left leg, probable injury to liver and internal haemorrhage.

In the individual test the patient had heen struck behind the right shoulder and was suffering from simple rig-ht scapula, wound right occipital region, pral11ed left ankle and concussion.

.Col. H. H. :\lauldin ( uperintendent, Eastern Section) preSIded at the subsequent prize distribution, and welcomed Si r Gerald Talbot (President of the Centre) and other Company Officials.

The Chairman lated that during- the year ended September 30th, 1937, the number of a'v';ards O'ained was I r certificates, 74 \'Ollcher. 63 medallions: and 623 lahel a total of 885. Also 25 Gold Medals for 15 years' scnice and 25 Gold Bars for further 5 year' efficiency. The total numher ()f Gold )'IC'daI. awarded ince 1929 hein!; 245 and ill addition 216 Colc! Bar.

AID

At the subsequent tea Capt. Goodley wished Bishopsgate the best of good luck in future competitions. The G.E. Centre relied on them to do their best in the Group competition.

L,P. T. B. (Metropolit a n ) .

The annual competition for the Challenge Shield and awards gi"en by the Directors of the old Metropolitan Railway, was held at Baker Street, on l\larch 12th. Five teams competed and all showed great keenness although some were somewhat surprised and dismayed at having to deal with a female patient, who was a waitress at the Club. vVhile returning to the kitchen with a laden tray he collided with a door, lost consciousness, sustained a fractured left forearm, a scalded wrist. a bruised forehead and a \\ound on the face.

DUrJllg- the year )'1r. G. \V. Smith, Diyisional Ac countants Department, )'IaryJcbone, 11r. \\T. F. Xe\\', PrJIltlI1g \Vork Stratford 11arket, and !\Ir. A. Burland e M.E. 's Department. Stratford had been admitted Serving Brothers of the Order St. John.

The winning team of the G.E. Centre \\'ill compete 111 the L.N:E.R. Group Competition on April 26th, and Col. Mauldm hoped they would distinguish themselves in t hat competition.

Capt. Goodley, 1I.C. (Centre Secretary) announced results as follows :-lst, Bishopsgate "B," 268! pomts; 2nd, Parkeston .. A," 260; 3rd, Stratford Printing Works" A," 247; 4th, March "A," 244!' 5th Parkes ton "B," 244; 6th, Cambridge, 228; 7th, 188. Individual prize W111ner: H. R. Stead (No. 5 of Parkeston "A" team).

Gerald ,Talbot presented the Championship Cup to J?," the" Mein" Cup to Parkeston " A," the mdlvldual prIze to Mr. tead and also prizes to members of the teams.

. .J?r. Russell Steele. on behal f of the judges, get vc some c ntlclsms on the work done.

Team Xo. (R. Thurlow, J. \Vilson. ]. Mitchell, G. and F. Edwards) were declared the ultimate \\'mners, .fo.l1o\\·ed by Team o. I (captain, A. tokes). The 111dn'Idual a\"ards were gained bY:-lst. G. 2nd, R. Thurlovl; 3rd, J. Mitchell. all of Team o. J.

l1rs. Iawby graciously presented the awards' Mr. \\'ebb, \-ice-Chairman, proposing a vote of thanks to'Mrs. i\lawby and to the Centre Secretary, Mr. J. A. Grayestock. Among those present were Mr. Ernest Evans Di"i ional Operating Superintendent Metropolitan and 11rs. Evans. Ir. 1Iorkill, Assistant SiO'nals EnO'ineer and Mrs. ).[orkill, Mr. Alex J. \Vebb, of Centre and Webb, Mr. Mawby, Assistant Rolling Stock Supenntendent, 1Ir. Wakins, Vice-President of Centre'r District Officer F Claridge, S.J.A.B., and Corps upt. Kersley, S.J.A.B.

Durix:g 1937 the Metropolitan Line gained 124 awards 111 first aId, 3 Gold Bars for 15 years' service 2 Gold for 2? yea.rs' service and I Gold Bar for 35 years' serYlce. FIrst aid was rendered to 1 941 cases durinO' the year ended Septemher 30th, b

aptain W. Goodley, 1\1. C. presenting L. N. E. R. Special Meritol iOllS Awards to :\1r. F. A. Wootton (right) and lr.]. \-\T. Hancock (centre).

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY A N AMBULANCE S ISTER.

No. 1 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

The Brooks Efficiency Cup Competition in drill was held at the Hugh Myddelton Schools, Clerkcnwell, on Saturday, 1\Iarch 12th, the judges being Assistant Commissioner S. J. Warren and Lady District Officer Mrs. 1\Iorrish.

Unfortunately the team, representing Southern Area, did not put m an appearance, so that there were only four entrants.

The results were :-1: No. 74 (Finchley and Southgate) Division, 160 marks; 2: No.8 (East Ham), 146i; 3: 1 o. 76 (East London), 123!; 4: No. 101/65 (Victoria), 99.

Assistant Commissioner \AI a rren addressed the competitors after announcing the results, and gave them advice for future occasions

No. 74 (FmCHLEY AND SOUTHGATE) NURSING DIVI SION

-On Saturday, March 19th, the annual dance of this Diyision was held at the Friern Barnet Church Hall. Among the guests were District Staff Officer G. C. Green and 1Irs. Green, Supt. Taylor (Finchley), Supt. Collins (Southgate), and Lady Supt. Miss Vicary. The Divisional Surgeons, D. \V. Reid and Louisa Westlake, were also present.

During the evening the team which had been cessful in winning the Brooks Efficiency Cup the preVIOUS week were congratulated by District Staff Officer G. C. Green.

No. 101/65 (VICTORIA) NURSING DIVISION.-The course of lectures in Hygiene which had been arranged to begin on April 29th, has been postponed, and in its place a course of lectures on Air Raid Precautions will be held. The first of these will take place on April 29th, and for them no fee will be charged.

No. 62 (HAGGERSTON) NURSING DIVISION.-A delightful Social and Dance was held at the Library Hall, Stoke Newington, on March 25th to commemorate the 10th birthday of the Division. The guests included Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief, Lady District Supt. Miss Walker, District Officer T. McBride and Mrs. McBride, Lady District Officer Miss Masson, and Drs. Fyzee and Ghai.

Songs were rendered by Mr. and Miss. C;;. Claughton, and these and impersonatIOns by Mr. BIllte Welcome were much appreciated by the audIence.

In an interval, the Surgeon-in-Chief accepted behalf of the Brigade a handsome silver Cup, the gdt of Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Milburn, for competition among the members of the Division. This he handed over to the care of Lady Amb. Officer 11.rs. Kempsall. A presentation of a beautiful cut-glass lemonade set on a tray was made to Mrs. Milburn by Amb. Sister Mrs. Adams on behalf of all the members as a mark of their esteem and r egard .

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

FIRST

of seven t.he Castilian Nursing Division won the Ehmmatmg Competition for the "Perrott" and also the." Mawby" Cup as County wmners; the competItIOn bemg held at Northampton on Ma rch 19th.

Great interest was taken in the event the demonstration hall being well filled with visitors. '

The County Surgeon Major G. F. P. GIbbons, first aId;. MISS Scott, deputy matron, Northampton after-care; Major Gibbons (in place of Dr. ShIrkey), mdlvldual work; Miss E. Day, Sister Northampton General Hospital, bedmaking; Lady Dlstnct Supt. 1\1rs. Harvey Reeves, uniforms.

Turn your of First Atd to profitable account.

EASTLEIGH NURSING DIVISIO:\,.-The

first social function to be organised by this Division was a dance on March 14th, which proved most succe.ssful. About 300 people attended and spent a happy tIme Those present included the 11ayor and Mayoress (Ald. and Mrs. R. H. Roberts), Div. Surgeon R. R. Garrett Division), Mrs. R. R. Garrett, J.P., c.c., Dlv. Surgeon Proverbs (Nursing Division) and 11rs. Proyerbs, Dr. and Mrs. Oayre, Dr. and Mrs. L. E. Green, and Mrs. E. R. Batho.

Durin a a brief interval, the 1Iayor and Mayoress, 1\1rs. Gar;ett and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Aitken were introduced by 1\1r. Coates, one of the M.C.'s. The l\1ayoress and Mrs. Garrett were presented with bouquets by cadets on behalf of the Division, Miss received one also from Mrs. Garrett. PrIzes won In spot dances and competitions were presented by the 11ayoress. In a short speech, the Mayor thanked all tho e who had patronised the dance or helped to make it a success. As one who had been connected with the amhulance movement for 31 years, he said how much he appreciated the action of the ladi es who had formed themselves into a Nursing Division under the able leadership of Aitken. At the present time the members were actIvel y engaged on Air Raid Precautions work and taking every possible step to meet an emergency whIch he prayed God would never arise in this country. In conclusion he hoped that after the success of the dance that evening the knowledge that the Division had the support of the town would spur them on in their good work.

No.3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT, S.J.A.B. LEICESTER CORPs.-A very interesting event took place on Friday, March 11th, at Bell to celebrate the Jubilee of the LeIcester Nursmg D1Vls:on and the Silver Jubilee of the Vaughan College Nursmg Division. The Lady Corps Officers and Lady Officers of these two Divisions invited their fellow Officers of the Leicester Corps Nursing Divisions , as well as Officers of the two Divisions to a Dinner and SOCIal Evening.

Among those present were Lady County Officer Miss G. E. Partridge, Lady Corps President Miss M. I. Partridge, Lady Corps Supt. Miss F. E. All en, .Miss Pollard and Mrs. Stanyon (two former Lady Supenntendents of the Leicester Nursing Division), Mrs. Cardinal Taylor (founder and first Lady Superintendent of the Vaugha n College Nursing Division), and Miss E. Tow! (first Lad y Ambulance Officer, Vaughan College Nursing Division ). Lady County Officer Miss G. E. Partridge and. Cardinal Taylor were both members of the ongmal Leicester Nursing Division formed SO years

A most pleasant evening was spent, recalhng rem mlscences, and wishing a prosperous future to these and all of the Nursing Divisions.

NORTHAMPTON COUNTY COMPETITIONS.-With a margin

,!?e were :-1, Northampton Corps, urs111g DIVISIOn, 222! out of a possible 295; 2, Corps, Rushden Nursing Division, 3, Kettenng Corps, Burton Latimer Nursing DIVISIOn, 200; 4, Peterborough Headquarters 194i.

The County Commissioner and County congratulated the teams on their work.

b

M.r s Reeves presented the County Trophy, follow111g whIch Corps Supt. W. E. Edwards proposed a vote of thanks to all who had helped that day.

)Jo. 3 (\VESTERN) DISTRICT, S.J.A.B. City Gas ursing Division won the prebm111ary round of the Perrott Shield Competition held S.aturday,. March .26t.h. They will now represent Blrml1!gham 111 the DIstnct Competition.

FIve tean:s took part in the competition, the maximum marks for whIch were 470. Birmingham City Gas scored 348.2; l\10seley, 344.4. Post Office I ursing Division were placed third, Small Heath fourth and Handsworth fifth.

Dr. C. St. Johnstone judged the team test and afterDr. C. Dawes the individual practical first aid; \\falters (Gener.al Hospital), home nursmg; SIster \\ hIte (Queen's HospItal), bedmaking.

At the .e nd of the Lady Rafter presented the Cadbury ShIeld to the wll1nmg team and the Bedmakina up to l\loseley. b

DROITWICII NURSING DIVISION.

Members of this Division are the first ambulance in County to receive vouchers in connection WIth AIr RaId Precautions. These, together with certificates and other awards gained by the members were presented at the Town Hall by Corps Surgeon F. 11ackenna.

_ Dr. Mackenna gave a very interesting talk on the hIstory of the Order of St. John and the St. John Brigade. Worcester and the county had been connected :vith the Order throughout the Worcestershlre could claim to have a special mterest .in the chief originator of the ambulance moveSIr Edmund Lechmere who, in 1860 saw that a re:'l val of. the ancient spiri.t of the Order of St. John might easIly be made an mstrument for doin a untold g:ood. He pursued his ideas to such purpose at the tune of the Franco-Prussian War there was a nucleus of men and women ready to assist him in formin a an for aiding the sick and wounded of both nno- nations. Out of these bco-innino-s there arew up largely as a result of Sir Edmund's the St: John A1!lbulanc.e Association, which was formed'in 1877 for the mstructIOl1 of pupils in first aid and for the spread of useful ambulance material.

In 1887 the variOllS ambulance corps throughout the banded together to form the St. John Ambulance Bngade, .whose .members wer.(' at all times prepared to place theIr .at the dIsposal of State, police or other authontIes, entnely voluntarily.

Swedish i\lassage,as taught by the postal method of the Smae Institute (the oldest of its kind in the British Isles) offers you the opportunity to get out of the rut and gives you an expert training in a specialised profession. are hundreds of men and women to-day who at one time were employed in various inadequately paid pOSItIOns but who were keen enoug-h to take up the t.raining- of the St. John 'Ambulance Corps, gIVing theIr services willingly and gratuitously for the benefit of the general pu blic.

As a result vf their interest in first aid matters they read the S:\lAE Institute's advertisements with keen intHest and decided to increase their knowledge in Physical To them the Course was easy to learn and a hIghly profitable field of unlimited scope was opened up. At the end of their short period of traini[lg they had earned I.nstitute's Diploma and finally up their Jobs and set up in practice on their o,,"nqualIfied In massage and joint manipulation.

To-day they are earning big money reg-ularly. There are .hundr.eds of prospective clients around you and your tl.me wIll filled by appointments made for you by.Medlcal PractItIOners, Nursing Homes, Hospitals, AthletiC Clubs, and private patients wherever you live.

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FIRST

\VORCE STER COU" TY COMPETlTlOXS.- lalv crn and Oldbury N ur in o Di\'isions ente r ed fo r the CO llnty Competitions at Malvern last month.

Mrs. Neligan, Lady Superintendent Droitwich Nursing Division, judged uniforms, Corps Surgeon Dr. F Severne 11ackenna, team test, and County urgeon Dr. F. L. :0l ewton, individual tests.

Mah'ern w e r e the winners. thereby gaining the County Shield.

Ko. 9 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

Cou:t\"TY CmlPETlTIOXS.-These competltlOns were held on 1Iarch 19th, at Barnstaple, when the c, 11amhead" Shi eld was won by Barn taple with a score of 438 t out of a possible 555. Paignton came second with 433, Torquay third, Exeter fourth, ewton Abbot fifth , and Braunton sixth. The" Vick" Cup was Wf)n by Miss Mattinson (Barnstaple) and the" Shillitoe " Cup fo r Bedmakina' by Paignton.

The a \\'ards \\'ere kindly p r esented by the 11ayoress, 11rs. Slatt e r , to whom County Commissione r II . J. Vick proposed a vote of thanks.

Judging the tests were Dr. Gray and Dr. H. Bumstead, 1Iiss Rabet, Dr. Dickenson Mis \V right, and Dr. Hoerman.

No. 10 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

At the end of last year a meeting of ladies interested in first aid was held at Hatfield to find out if there \-ras sufficient keenness to fo r m a T ursing Division there. Since then l ectu r es have been held and recently a meeting presided over by 1Irs. Fell and attended by County Officer E. Ke ight ley (rep r esenting the County Commissioner) voted for the fo r mation of a N ursing vision. Thirt ee n ladies present promised to join and others had sent notices to that effect also.

KENT V .A .D., B.RC.S.

Teams from V.A.D. in the county competed at Maidstone on 'larch 19th for the" Yolland" Shield and the " Dau beney" Cup

The results were : - " Yolland" Shield: 1, Kent 60, Chislehurst, 839 marks out of 1,000; 2, Kent 76, Sevenoaks, 785; 3, Kent 86, Beckenham. " Daubeney" Cup: 1, Kent 76, Sevenoaks, 695 out of 720; 2, Kent 60, Chislehu rst 663; 3, Kent 12, Maidstone, 611.

The Dowager Lady Cornwallis presented the " Yolland" Shield, for first aid and home nursing, and the Rev. G. Daubeney his own Cup , for proficiency in A.RP., to the winners.

B.RC.S. Co:yrPETlTlOX AT EXETER.-Devon, r epresented by Ilfracombe, Devon 6-1-, qualified for the semifinal of the "Stanley" Shield Competition when they defeated Somerset and Cornwall in the inter-county competition at Exeter on March 26th. They obtained points out of 1,000. Somerset were the runners-up with 748t while Cornwall secured 59H.

The judges gave some helpful cr iti cisms on the work perfo rm ed by the competitors at the close of the test s.

The second annual ambulance co mpetltlOn held under the auspices of the St. Helens and District Centre S.]. A. B., was held on Saturday, April 2nd. L. M.S. Store No.1 with 207 marks gained first place, followed by Sutton Heath and L ea Green Colliery No.2 (201!), and St. Helens Collieri es Ltd. (201). Ten teams competed.

Poi sonoll s Pl a nt s. THE UMBELLIFERiE OR PARSLEY FAl\IILY.

By COLONEL C. 1. ELLIS, M.D., ETC.

(Continued from page 210 .)

CONI U:\I IACULAT Ufl I. (Common Hemlock, also called Poison Hemlock or Poison Parsley) is an important poisonous plant of the Natural Order U mbelliferce Sometimes, also, it is called Spotted Hemlock because the stem and often the leaves are spotted.

The seeds, leaves, stem and roots of thi s plant contain a poisonous alkaloid named Conin e or Conia. It is the only British species and so it is called the true Hemlock in contradistinction to many so-called Hemlocks belonging, also, to th e Natural Order Umbelliferce (bearing umbels, i.e. , where a number of stalks, each bearing a flower, radiate from one centre).

True Hemlock was the poison that ocrates was given. Poisoning by Hemlock was the usual death for condemned criminals among the ancient Greeks. The poison paral yses the Motor nerve endings, leading to unstead y gait foll o wed b y ataxia (failure of muscular co-ordination).

Death is caused by paral ys is of the medull a (the enlarged upper part of the spinal cord) in which is the centre for respiration. The min d remains clear almost to the end.

One gets a mousey od ou r when leaves or seeds are rubbed with Liquor Potassce ( Causti c Potash). In fact the whole plant has a foetid smell resembling that emanating from mice.

It has been mistaken for parsle y and used in soup.

The fruit has prominent wavy or crenat:e d ridges. No other mem ber of the Order U m belliferce has a smooth and spotted stem like this plant has.

Its leaves are hairless, repeatedly pinnate (shaped like a feather) and are a foot long or more.

OENANTHE CRO CRATA -( Vvater Dropwort , Hemlock Water Dropwork) -s ometimes calle d Water- Hemlock, but this leads to con fusion a s this name more properly belongs to the Cowbane, to be described later. The plan t is very poisonous. particularl y the roots. It has paralysed horses and cows as well as humans. It is sometimes mistaken for celery, the root is white or yellowish when dried, spindle-shaped containing a milky juice, which, when the fresh root is broken exudes in scattered drops that quickly turn orange.

It is a large stout plant 3-5 feet high with stalked, variously cut, glossy leaflets. Its flowers are large, many-rayed umbels with long pedicles. It is common in watery places.

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OENANTHE AgUATlCA. (F in e -l e a ve d W ate r Dropwort, Ho rsebane) . Fo un d in d i tches, s t rea m s and ponds. I t is very POiSOil OU S a n d has pa r alysed horses.

AETHUSA Cy (Foo l 's Pars ley) I ts name is from the G reek aiL/w, I bu rn , from i ts acrid character.

It is a common annual i n fie lds and ga r dens It is evil -smelling and poisonous . It has been mist:tken for turnips and death has fo ll owed It s fruit has ten prom inent r idges . I rl ta l king of Fool's Parsley one sho ul d state that a ll of the above - mentioned plants be long to the Pars l ey Family and to people who are not fami l iar with \Vild plants and botanical distinctions they resemble one another, often, very closely .

There is one other to be mentioned :-

Crcu TA VrRosA ( \ Vater-Hemlock, C o wbane). I ts roots have sometimes been mis t aken for parsnips and killed those who ate them. Ie is found in ponds and ditches but it is a ra r e plant as compared with the others.

Of all the British Parsley Family, the most dangerous, perhaps, are the Water D ropworts lOenanthe), as their large tuberous roots, resembling those of a Dahlia, are commonly found exposed on the muddy banks of streams and a r e easily got at by children and cattle

(To be continued).

New Ambulance of the S.J.A.A. Invalid Transport.

LAST month a new ambulance was delivered at St. John's Gate, London, which may w ell be described as the most pe r fect and up - to - date vehicle in commission.

Improvements have been incorporated which will make the transport of inval ids a pleasu re to the patients and attendants alike .

The am bulance body is a L om as "s" t ype

on a Va u x h a ll lon g wh ee lb ase chass is and the f un e r ea l eff ect h as b ee n done away w ith by s imp l y tra nsp o s in g t he c ol o ur s of the body; the b l ue has bee n t ra n sfe r re d t o the top h alf and the black to th e b o tt o m hal f.

In depen d ent f ron t whee l spri ngi ng, adjustable sh ock a b sorbers and adjustab l e signs are but a few o f t h e impro vements i n t he chassis part of the vehi cl e I t is , ho weve r , in the body work that most of t h e imp roveme n ts h ave taken place.

Realis i ng that th is am bulance is [or the use of conveying sick persons the com fort of those accompanying the patient, as well as that of the patien t, has been borne in mind.

There are two collapsible upholstered chairs, a collapsible table, umbrella stand, a hat rack, an i llum inated clock, and electric telephone comm unication to the driver, in addition to the connecting panel. One further innovation is th e installation of a Philco radio equipment.

The inte r ior is wood covered, the roof b e ing panelled whi lst the floor is covered with cork squares which can be kept clean with the minimum of labour.

T h e stretcher stand is of solid walnut mounted on chromiu m tubular uprights, with a tubular bedrail. The stand is situated on Lhe " off" ide o f the vehicle which lessens the slopinCT of th e patient caused by the cam ber of the road.

The C layton Heater and Deoderi s er, with a guage to regu late the heat, has been install d and special ventilation air-shaft over the driver's compa r tment, which leads into the bony, enables good venti latio n on a ll journeys.

The accompanying i l lustrations will enabl e readers to v isualise the efforts the tores Department, especially Capt. Pontin, the tores :Manager, has taken to ensure comfort, speed, and safety,- o f t he patient.

SPECIALISTS

NEW BOOKS NURSES FOR

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

1.-Letters containing Queries must be on the top dt -hand corner of the envelope" Query," a n d a d d r esse d to FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-st r eet, London, E.C 4.

2 -AIl Q ueries must be accompanied by a " Query Co u pon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-T he Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition ot S.J.A.A Manua of First Aid.

LOADING ON STRETCHER.

C. V. (Southampton).-On p. 235 of the larch issue of FIRST AID you publish the detailed marking sheet of the T eam Ttst for the Police National Competition. I note that the patient was suffering from fractures of femur an d patella and also that the fo r e and aft method (T extbook, p. 183) was selected by the judg-e as the best method for loading patients on to the stretcher owincr to the narrowness of the platform.

S u rely this wa" wrong. Personally I should have used Exercise No. III which (Textbook, p. 203) is the method taug-ht for use in mines and narrow cuttings consequent on the fact that the patient sufferingfrom fractures of the lower limbs.

Your criticism and sug-g-estions are dul y noted. As a matter of fact there are difficulties to be overcome with both methods Thus far I ha,oe hea r d no complaints that the fo r e and aft method was not a success with this case Of course there is yet another method which appeals to me. If two bea rers had taken posts as in Exerci e 1 [ and raised patient from the g r ound, then two others cou l d have easi ly manoeuvred the stretcher into position beneath the patient on the long and na r row platfo r m - T CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HO\VLER.

E. L. (Box, Wiltshire).-I thi n k that the following mig h t be incl u ded in your already long l ist of "Examinatio n

How ers." At a r ecent Divisional Re-Examination a member was asked -" What '£s th e g1 eatest carrier of the bod) , ?" To the intense amusement of all present, he r eplied :-" The le et.l "

Good! Next, please! !-N C. F.

SCALD BY SEALING WAX.

G C. (Surbit0n). -I was recent ly asked how to t r eat a man who had upset a pan of boiling sealing- wax over h is hand It has been suggested that the limb should be placed in cold wate r thus hardening the wax a nd so cause a complete over the a rea. Afte r treating shock the patient to be removed to h ospital. Can you ag r ee with this method or give your opinion as to the correct t r eatment? Many thanks in advance.

I q u estion if your co l d water wou ld do much ( f any) good T o me t h e best first aid treatment in t hi s case would be to cover h an d w i h d r essing-. to support l imb in large arm s l ing, to counteract shock and to remove promptly and exp ditiou!>ly t o h ome or h osp ita l where medica l aid is available .- N. C. F.

QUANTITY OF BLOOD IN BODY.

] B. ( t r o u d) - I t is ve r y interesting to find tha L , according to the B. R .C.S. Manual (p. 123), the r E' are about 12 pints of blood in the human body.

You r observation on thiS statement wi ll be welcomed by myse l f and others.

I agree that the statement is correct with reference to the normal adult per o n. Another method of estimation lays it down that in the adult there i about one pound of hlood to every stone in weight. - N C.F

TREATM ENT OF FRA CTUREn LELi.

J. B. (Stroud).-Is it g-ood fir t aid to pull the foot out straight for a compound fracl ure wit h the bnn e protruding- , as expl a intd on p p. 80 and 1 of thl' B. R .S l anual, and d\)l's it not connlct with th e in..rruction ()J1 p. 50, igns and ) II1ptOI11S of Fracture clause (b) ?

Having read the in ruction \\'hi c h you quot fr0111 th e B R.C.S. I\lanua l I learn that it is bad flr s t aid to pull on a compound fracture for t h e purp ose of making- a diag-n o si but good first aid to pul1 on the ft)ot as part of th e treatm e n t pre cribed for a patient u fferi ng from com pound fra c t ur e of the leg. On this p L1inl. therefore, the B. R :'\Ianu al diAers radically from the .' .].A. ,\ Textbook. 1\ F.

T REATMENT OF DEAD OR DYll'lG PATIE'T

W. M. (Kettering) .-Would you kindly favour u wilh you r opinion on the correct treatment of a patient sufTerin g from the fu llowing injuries :-

"A man ha s been crushed and su tain e d th e following injuries. His arm is badly cru hed the r e is bleeding from the brachial artery high up in th e upper third of the arm; he has also sustain e d a fracture d clavicle on the same side, and a fractured pelvis breathing is failing."

Which would be the most practical pressure pointthe subclavian, by digital pressure, and kept up b) re lays of beare r s, 01' the axillary, by pad and bandage : Some contended that (1) as it was il11po sible t o apply pressure at the brachial and (2) that, the patien be i ng so seriously injured, it would not be practical t o maintain efficient pressure at the subclavian, especial I) d uring t r eatment and removal by ambulance, and (3 that (i n spite of the possihle further injury to the fract ur e d c lavicle) the most efficient treatment woul d be b) pad an d bandage on the axillary artery.

Also I take it that, see ing the patient's breat h ing- i s faili n g, it wou ld be n ecessary to app ly a r tificial respirat ion at once I pres u me, the r efo r e, that owing to th e i njury to the arm, S il vester's Method wou ld not b e possib l e. In these circumstances I wonde r if Labor d e' s Method wou ld be effective, or if in sp ite of the f ract ur ed pe lvis we shou ld turn patient over as carefu ll y as possible and app l y Schafer's Met h od

We a r e we l1 aware of the possibi lity of further i n jury in hoth insta n cE's; but see i ng that it is a matter of li fe or death one wou ld have to take risks to keep th e

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patient alive if possible. The hospital was three mil es away. Y our a d\'i ce will be much ap preci ate d a nd will ett e a friendly arg umen t.

The solution of tests based on th e treatment of d ead or dying patients (like in quests on t h e detailed marking of r ecently contested compet iti ons) leads us nowh e re and IS best avoided.

In this case, howe"er, it is evident that co ntinuou s digital pressure on the suhclavian artery g ives the only hope for the patient, more especially as movements the upper limb are essential steps in the contro l of the axdlR r y a rt e r y bv pad and bandage.

, Th e problem connected with artificial respiration is equally unsatisfactory to me bO.th. Schafer and Silvester are in this case definItely contra-1l1dl cated. Consequently Laborde offe r s the only chance lif e to the but since this method no longer fig ur es 111 the Textbook It cannot be used in any test conducted on the Tex tbookN.C.F.

HUMOUR IN FIRST .'\10.

1\ 1. R. (Cannon -street). - The other day, when I was examining a large class of men for first aid ce rtifi cates, I was putting a man named "G reen " throug-h his tests. I found him rather slow; and though he made some stupid mistakes, I fo rm e d the op ini on that he really was fit to be let loose on an innocent world with a first aid cert ificate. At the conclusion of his test decided to check his name in view o f the l;1rge number of candidates. So wheil I sa id to him-" 1'016 m'e Green,' are you not?" I little expected him to r eply as he did" I surely am, 5zr!" He passed! !

Good! please ! F.

POLSONING BY PRUSSIC A 10.

L.M. (Boscastle) -The other d ay when looking through some ol d copies of FIRST AID, I n otice d that in yo ur answer to a que r y about the treatment of case,; of Prussic Acid Poisoning yo u a d vised the immediate a dminis t rati on of a n emetic" provided that the patient is conscious and able to swallow." Ever since I read you r answer I have been won d ering how y<;>u can reconcile this instruction with the Te xtbook since all acids burn; and so I ask you kindly to exp lain

You ha\'e fallen into an all tau common error among first aiders. The T extbook teac h es you to withhold emetics with Corrosive Acids and Alka li s. Prussic Aci d is not a Corrosive Acid, and it does not ulcerate the stomach. On the cont rar y, i t is a potent nerve poison; a nd conseq u e ntl y an emetic must be g-iven at once before lo:-os of consciousness takes place.-N.C.F.

SHOCK FROM ABDOMINAL I NJURY.

P.S. (Chiswick).-Please be good enough to explain the cause of which co ndition is often met on the football field as the result of a blow in the pit of the stomach from the ball or another player.

As the sequel to a sharp and sudden blow on the abdominal wall (especially that part commonly known as "the pit of the stomac h") a co ndition of shock results from irritation of the sympathet ic nervous system, especially that portio n wh ich is ca lled "the sola r pl ex u s" and which is situated in the upper ab domen As part of the s ho ck there

AID

is a r eOex stoppage of breathing- which, being the 1110St marked s ig n, gives its llamt'-' winding "-to the condition. The effects vary from transient in capacity to fat(1l syncope, and this often without any apparent .l esion. menl is, therefore, indicated on the !Jnes l aid down In the Textbook for s ho ck. - N. C. F.

USE S1>IELLING ALTS.

1\1.1\1. (CardiA}-Recently ome of us were discus"ing the cond i ions in which \'\'e oUl{ht to withhold the usc ot smellin g salts; and though we talked the pro?l.em fo r a long t im e, we wcre unable to arn\'c at a deCISion acceptable to each and all. In these circuJ1l tances wc ask your kind ruling.

Hcemorrhage, Head lnjurie and Apoplex). In the first conditio n named such stimulation might cause the heart to act vigorously and so re-start the bleeding. In the other two conditions the stimulation resulting from the usc of smellin g sa l ts mig-ht bring about ed within the skull with consequent aggra, -atlon of the condltll)n he this Apoplexy o r Compression of the Brain. 0: C F

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FOLLOWING the req uest of many users a new size has been introduced in the Stock Posters advertised In this Journal. In addition, o\\ing to increased demands, we have been ablt.: to reduce slightly the price of the small poster from .2/6 to 2/ 3 per dozen, post free.

The new s ize is a double-crown, which measures 30 in. by 20 in., and we feel su re u ers will find this a very acceptab le size, and the price (3/3 per do zen, post free) very reasonable

The three s izes now available are: Large , 40 in. by 23 in.; Medium, 30 in, by 20 in. ; mall, 20 in. by 1 in; the prices being 4 / -, 3 / 3 and 2, 13 per dozen, post free, respectively.

Remittances and orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon London, E.C.4.

THE perfect pocket first aid kit. Small to go the hip pocket o r hand bag, yet conta in s every essentlal for se ri o u s emergenc ies. P. C. bring-s brochure. Sankolll , 124, R egent Street, London, S. W.1.

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FIRST FOR DIFFICULT CASES.

S ometimcs it happens that an otherw se s imple comp laint not respond treatment because of parallel co ndi tions mdLtatll1g against cure. In these circumstances Peat Ointment frequentl) proves successfu l. We have on record a case in which a patient, in addit ion to the V. D for which he was attending the c lini c, had a lon g standing eczema of the arm. plzagnol Ointment cured the (' c:;c ma /n a 7tlcek.

In

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16th

AID"

Poisoning in Warfare. '.'

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-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

15 t h Edition. Pocket size. 250 h')., 8? I /l us Cloth, 3 / 6 net. Post ace zd.

PYE'S ELEMENTARY BANDAGING AND SURGIOAL DRESSI NG.

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NURSING and FIRST AID MANUAL

The Manual of Instruction for the RO)'81 "aval Berth Staff provides a complele general account of first - aid and nursing practice. It ghoes in concise form a 2'eneral rt:Vlew of the anatom} and physiolog), of the human frame and deal s also with bac1eriology aJ'd the various types of disease and ill - health and their treatment. There are chapters on: -

INFLAMMATION GENERAL NURSING

HAEMORRHAGB BANDAGING

WOUNDS FEVERS

FRACTURES AND Drs- GENERAL DISBASBS

LOCATIONS ilNAESTHETICS

POISONS PHARMACY AND DISPEN-

ASPHYXIA SING

INSENSIBILITY COOKING FOR THE SICK

Notes are also given on instruments and their care. The work is fully indexed and should be an invaluable handbook for all concerned in first-aid and nursing work.

Price 4s net. Post Free 48. 5d.

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LONDON, W.C 2: Adastral House, Kingsway. EDINBURGH 2 120. George St.; MANCHESTER 1: 26 York St.; CARDIFF I St Andrew 's Crescent; BELFAST 80 Chichester St.; or through any Bookseller.

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MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

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AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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A BO VE are the three reasons whyGermolene Ointment has been universally accepted as the finest skin healer obtainable. Its unique , Aseptic ' action offers you the undoubted advantage of PAIN-FREE

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healing - doing FREE away with the smarting associated with AntiThe manufacturers will be de.ighted to send a trial sample, tree 0/ char;tt:, to members oj the medi· ••••••••••l ca' pro,ession to nurses and hospital officials who enclose t h i r projessional ca,ds.

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YORKS.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HIS fORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY

N. CORBET PLETCHER, M.A., I. M.B M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reterence, the book will be excremely lsetul and houid be 1n the library ot all ambulance workers. "-FIRST Am. Price, 3/6; post tree, 4/-.

THe ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C.I

UNIFORMS & EQUIPMENT.

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

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AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D.

A book let to aid those Interested In Ambnlance and Stretcher Work. PI'lce ad. each, post lI'ee. Plrat Aid," 6, Cannon Street, London, E C .of.

H FIRST AID"

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To be cut out and enclosed w£th all Queries. April, 1938.

/. (,,111frl co;/Ia, HS IJluch TfStjitl "if'" }}Ia/ioll. n_ PRE.. C U HER.

FIRST AID. lliustraled by so uiagrams in Colour WIlU CXlJlandwry Letterpr.ess. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E-, LL.D., .• l<.R.C.S., D.P.H.KC.P. 7 d. net; post free. A bo ok that is selling by the hundred. AND EMERGENCIES. (2nd Edition) Tbl'lr ::-'Igns. :-:>ymptoms and" First Aid' Treatment. An Ideal 1lemorizer and (,1ulck 1<.deTence .liy A. T. GOODING. \vlth .Preface by JOHN M.A., 1.1.B., Ch.B.G-las. alld L. MACLEAN, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. 18. 2d. net pust free.

A OF AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS

3rd Edition revised. in 1<.aid Precautions, the Protection Ot the Chil Population rn ChemIcal \\ arlare :' Ga. " Fir.t Aie, al'd l'ursing of "Gas" Casualties. By NORMAN HAMMER. M.R.C.S. Price ls. 2d. post free. InvaluabJe adjunct to any text book on the subject ofA.RRAID PRECAUTIONS.

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Price 1s. net; postage,2d. Its Applrcatlon A<.:curately Descrrt.ed by \\'ords and II6 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BANDAGE: Price 18. net; postage 2d. Its Application Accurately DesLTibed by \Yords and 162 DIagrams. FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. 1J (I to 12 and 1+) on Roll. 1'I)St free, 3s. 9.d. net. No 13 (separately).nlaJe &; Female Genital Organs, 1 2.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING.

By THELKA BOWSER. lIIustrated. IJost free, 18. 2d. POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G., C.I.E., D.S.O., M.D. POlsonmg, (2) Hremorrhage, (3) insenSibility, (4) Asphyxia ( uspended Breath (5) and. Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites! Bums, Scalds, and .MIDor InJUries. The Senes contams all the essentIals of First Aid. Pnnted on lmen·lined cards, 31 in. X st in. Thi,d Edition. 6d. net each postage 2d. extra.

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New Type ANTISEPTIC rapidly replacing

Iodine

S.J.A.B. Divisions find that T.e.p. Antiseptic exactly fulfils

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The dietetic value of Oxo is recognised as being superior to home-made beef-tea. Readily digested and assimilated by the patient, it is quickly and easily prepared.

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FIRST

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NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; ,ingle copies 3d.

EDITORIAL.

r

of the country, Divi ions of the t. John Ambulance Brigade are now adopting T. C. P. as their standard antiseptic-in place of Iodine. They are doing this for three rea ons :-

I. Because T. C. P. completely fulfil · the requirements for an antiseptic laid do\vn in the new .J Text Book. Though it i a powerful, penetrating germicide, T. C. P. is absolutely S -\FE. It is non-poisonou , it cannot tain, burn or irritate , and i!> actually beneficial to the tissue ,.

2. T. C. P. has a m<trked power of relieving P.\IN -a valuable property in treating cases of 'shock.'

3. T.c. P. promotes unusually clean and rapid HEALI NG of Cuts, Burns and Wound.

In the First ,\id Departments of many of the country's biggest finns, T. P. has already been in constant use for some years past. how that when all injurie , howe\ I' small, are treated at once , ith T. C. P., cases of septic poisonil1g" are practically eliminated. There are all-round saving, too-fewer dressings needed per case-men are back at work sooner-First Aid costs go do\\-n -e nlciency goes up. That is why more and more First .\id Departments and Ambulance Organisations are now changing to T. C. P.

If you are a member of the S.] \. B. or any other recognised Ambulance ociet)', or in cbarge of a Works First Aid Department, write us to-day for a copy of the T. C. P. First Aid Book and a mall trial sample. Write to :-British Alkaloids Ltd., Dash wood House, Old Broad Street, London, E. C. 2. • TH E REALLY SAFE.

Supersedes Iodine, Boracic and Carbolic Ointments, Carron Oil and Picric Acid for First Aid and Welfare Work.

the Publishers. D \oLE, REYNOl DS & Co LTD., 46, STREK.T, LONDON, E. C.4. Tdtgraphi( Address-I' Twentv-fnur, London." Tdtjthollc-Cily 3710.

THIS question has been asked by quite a number of enthusiastic first aiders who feel that at the present time the initial objects of the voluntary first aider are being pushed into the background to make way for a subject which, although allied to ambulance work, should not take precedence but be an adjunct to it.

They refer to the fact that other allied subjects, such as home nursing, hygiene, etc., have never recei ved the atten tion as has A. R. P. and that first aid, as such, will slowly but surely be but a poor second.

We cannot agree to these sentiments. \Vhen a new subject is introduced into any set list of teachings there is always an initial rush which in time gradually diminishes. The human element also enters. An officer in charge of one unit makes up his mind that nis members shall be the first to be qualified in the new subject. Hundreds of others, too, are of the same mind; consequently, as in the case of A.R.P. training, other subjects do not receive the usual attention but they are far from being forgotten. The number oJ public duties covered and cases attended gives a sure indication to the present instance.

We are confident that the introduction of A. R. P. in the curriculum of first aiders will be the means of retaining the interest of the older members and also of increasing the numbers of qualified first aiders. Indeed it has already proved the most useful recruiting banner since volunteers were called for at the beginning of the Great VVar.

It is agreed, however, that some members are placing A. R. P. first and first aid second but these are few in number. In most cases this enthusiasm has been caused by the lack of interest of those in higher authority; and the lower ranks feel that something must be done to keep the prestige of the movement at its high level of efficiency.

SHOCK. Its Nature and Treatment.

By GILBERT BURNET, M.C., M.B., Ch.B., M.l. Fire E., Hon. Chief Surgeon N.F.B.A.

THE recognition of the above condition and its appropriate treatment is one of the first lessons the active First Aider should master.

To realise what the condition really means, one must picture the wonderful mechanism of the living body, capable of almost automatic adjustment to circumstances which vary during every moment of life. This control and adjustment is made possible by [he part played by the brain. The multitude of parts and organs can only do their normal work, because of the regulation and control (both voluntary and involuntary) exerted over them by the brain cells and system of nerves.

Derangements of any part of the body are reflected through the nerves to the brain and usually, the brain can send out impulses which will make adjustments in the part or some other part, which will enable the body to " carryon."

For instance, the stomach may have taken some poisonous food, which causes an abnormal condition in that organ; the brain receives a message to this effect, and immediately orders the stomach to be emptied by vomiting.

Again, there may be produced some sweating or perhaps" goose skin," specially ordered by the brain because the body was too hot or too cold.

These conditions, under such circumstances, are adjustments instigated by the brain, in order to allow the various parts of the body to carryon their normal work-in these circumstances they are not conditions of shock. The normal working of the body is preserved.

But, there are times, however, when the normal working of the body is not preserved; when the brain cells lose control.

A fright, some pain, or even an unexpected sight, may cause vomiting. This vomiting, not related to any abnormal condition in the stomach, is a sign of abnormal control of the stomach-in other words vomiting from shock. Perhaps similar circumstances, on another occasion, or in another person, would produce abnormal conditions in other organs or parts of the body.

Again, a person not accustomed to the sight of blood sees a friend's finger cut and bleeding: how frequently one has seen such a circumstance cause a feeling of faintness, a gradual pallor, a sighing and, eventually, beads of perspiration on the forehead. The sweating was not due to excessive heat, but an instance of shock produced by a sight which upset the normal working of the

brain and the nerves which regulate the sweat glands.

Slwck then may be described as a conditz'on, produced by a disturbance of the cells, which interferes with their normal control oj any bodily function.

If the brain cells of a person during any period of his every day life are not well nourished with a plentiful supply of normal blood, if very young or very old, or enfeebled by overwork or illness, he will not be able to resist such minor causes of shock which would have no ill-effect on the robust healthy person.

Even in a perfectly fit man, unusual impulses to the brain may be so sudden, so painful, so indefinite or so numerous, as to cause confusion in the brain cells, with the result that they can no longer carryon their normal control. Such circumstances would produce abnormality of function somewhere in the body in some evidence of " Shock."

If at the same time, there has been some loss of blood, or if the bloou has been poisoned, the evidence of cond itions of shock would appear sooner and would be probably more numerous or severe.

SYMPTOMS A D SIG l s.

There may be only a very slight symptom, such as a feeling of nausea or shivering i in other people perhaps, a feeling of heat, shortness of breath, or even a feeling of faintness.

The first sign may appear as an unusual sigh, a pallor of the face, beads of perspiration on the forehead, a fixed stare; followed by a swa l ing of the body, a loss of use in the legs, and a fall.

At this stage the patient may show a rapid feeble pulse, deficient breathing, stupor and finally unconsciousness and collapse.

PREDISPOSITION A D CAU E

As already noted, ill-health, ill-nourishment, or over fatigue will increase the possibility of shock.

I t is well known that certain surgical operations have a tendency to produce shock, for, even under an ancesthetic, the brain may be so upset as to cause serious interference with breathing, or the action of the heart, more especially if the operation is in the region of many nerves.

The commonest causes which the first aider is likely to encounter are injury to the head, electrical accidents, multiple injuries, fractures and loss of blood.

It is the duty of all first azders to be on the look out for the minor deg1'ees of shock, and by appropriate action prevent such serious conditions as unconsciousnes s and collapse.

In such serious degrees as these, there is

always the danger of interference with those vital arc.1.S of the brai n which control the heart and the breathing. Fortunately, there is more than one area concerned with the beati ng of the heart; this accounts for the fact that the heart will continue to beat after all respiration has ceased (for the breathing is controlled by one area only: the respiratory centre).

TREATMENT OF SHOCK.

work.-Keep the bodily health such that shock will not easily ,?ccur. Train the body well to stand fatigue, and during long hours of strain, maintain maximum bodily nourishment by reasonable food. A void sti m ulan ts.

After work.- \Vhen the skin has been acting vIgorously to help to get rid of the waste products of exertion, make sure that the body heat is not allowed to go too quickly. At this stage wear warm clothing, and avoid alcohol, which will only dilate the blood vessels and cause more loss of body heat.

In case of all accidents :-

(a) Guard against further shock, by controlling all bleeding and giving good air.

(b) Relieve pain by position of rest, and calm fear.

Preserve bodily heat by clothing well, avoIdIng draughts and giving hot bottles.

If conscious, give fluid nourishment, such as mIlk, coffee, and meat extracts.

(e) Keep the brain well supplied with blood, by loweri ng the head, elevating the feet and ' massagIng the limbs.

(/) If breathing is shallow, give carbondioxide.

(g) If breathing fails, do it artificially atonce, and avoid asphyxia.

(h) Continue artificial respiration and hasten resuscitation by using carbon-dioxide.

16th I nternational Red Cross Conference.

FOR the first time for 31 years the International Red Cross Conferellce is to meet in London from June 20th to 24th. The Conference also celebrates the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Red Cross Movement in Geneva in 1863. Delegates from over sixty nations and National Red Cross Societies will attend.

The Duke of Gloucester, Chairman of the British Red Cross Society Council will preside at the opening session to he held at St. james's Palace on Monday, June30th. In the evening a Government reception will be held at Lancaster House. On the three following days Commissions will be at the British Medical Association House. Delegates wIll attend a reception at the Guildhall on the evening of June 21st. The closing- session will be held at St. James's Palace on Friday, June 24th, and will be followed on

Saturday afternoon by a thanksgiving service at St. Paul's Cathedral.

Prominent on the agenda is the consideration of the revision of the Geneva Convention itself. It is hoped that new principles dealing with war in the air will be proposed and that the Geneva and Hague Conventions may be merged so that land, sea and air warfare will be dealt with in a single code of laws. A plan for the creation of neutralise? hospital zones in war areas, sponsored by the InternatIOnal Cong-ress of Military Medicine will also be discussed.

The Conference will also turn its attention to the problem of first aid on the roads of the world the standardisation of bandages, air ambulances, and 'other subjects appertaining to the movement.

S.J.A. B. Overseas. INDIA, No. 3 DISTRICT.

ON April 2nd the inspection of the Bombay Divisions was carried out by Sir Roger Lumley, Governor of Bombay. The Governor was welcomed by Sir Gilbert Wiles, Asst. Commissioner No.3 District, Dr. F. N. Kapadia and Major F. T. Deatker.

Sir Gilbert referred to Sir Roger's high rank in the Order of St. Jobn and his family connection with the Grand Priory.

Dealing with the activities of the 1 o. 3 District during the past year, Sir Gilbert said that the total number of cases treated on public duty was 527, and 219 cases privately. He enumerated the important duties covered. The District was composed of 11 ambulance, 2 nursing and 5 cadet divisiQns, of which 13 were in Bombay.

A team from the 1\1 uslim Division was successful in the 1937 competitions, and a member of the Sholapur Cadet Division won the individual "Sir Frederick Sykes" Challenge Shield.

Among the important events which had occurred since the last annual inspection, Sir Gilbert mentioned (he lectures on anti-gas raid precautions by Lt. Col. Bilderbeck, and a successful week-end camp for Officers and N.C. O. 's, for which the District Headquarters had spared the services of their Staff Officer (Capt. Hafizuddin).

The foundation stone of the new headquarter ls building was laid by Sir Ralph Lumley.

The Governor, addressing the parade, paid tribute to the work of the Brigade in the past. He had been associated with the St. John movement in England, and he was particularly glad to find that in the Bombay Presidency the Brigade was not merely in existence but was going strong. He gave an assurance that he would always follow the activities of the Brigade with the greatest interest.

After inspecting the parade and witnessing a display in first aid and home nursing, Sir Ralph distributed the prizes.

Doncaster Plant Works with 679 marks have won the Doncaster inter-class competition. Doncaster Traffic with 591 were second.

Dr. T. C. A. Sweetman has been promoted from County Surgeon to District Surgeon of the No.5 District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. He has been connected with the Movement since 1924.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Final Competitions.

0\\'1 'G to the fact that the finals were held but a day or two before press day, \ye are unable to give our usual full report, but content ourseh'es with particular of the tests and also the result. :\'ext month we will publish a resume of the proceedings.

The competitions were under the direction of Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissioner), assisted by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) and Iajor P. G. Daryil-Smith (Brigade Secretary). Mr. H. A. J. Wrigglesworth (Asst. Brigade Secretary) was the Competition Secretary.

Judges for the \'arious tests were :-

:".len.- Team Test, Surgeon-Captain G. O. 1. Dickenson, M.B., Ch.B., R.:\'". (Rtd.), County Surgeon, No.2 District, and Lt.-Colonel S. Hunt, 1\1. B., Ch. B., 1.1\1.S. (Rtd.), County urgeon, No. 2 District; Practical Tests with oral questions, Ollicer, F. A. Bevan, B., B. S., County Surgeon, 2 District, and J. F. Eustace, :'lIB., Ch.B., B.A.O., Divisional Surgeon, Eire District; Bearers 1 anc! 3, B. Hart, O.B.E., Corps Surgeon, No. 5 District, and J. T. Whitley, 1. B., Ch. B., Divisional Surgeon, No. 10 District; Bearers 2 and 4, G. M. Stoker,

:\1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., County Surgeon, No.1 District, and

A. ;\1. Robertson, M. B., Ch. B., Corps Surgeon, Priory for \Vales ; Uniforms, Capt. W. Goodley, :\1. c., Commissioner, No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, and E. McIntyre, I.R.c.P., Assistant Commissioner, No. 1 (Prince of 'Vales's) District.

N urses. -Team Test, First Aid Section, Capt. H. Rawlings, L.M.S.S.A., L.M.R.C.P., Corps Surgeon, -+ (Lancashire) District, and ' iV. L. Stewart, 1. B., Ch. B., County Surgeon, o. 9 District; Nursing Section, Miss K H. Jones, Principal Matron, Q.A.I.l\I.N.S.; Practical Tests, with oral questions, Officers, N. MacLeod, 1\1. B., Ch. B., County Surgeon, 1 o. 3 (Eastern) District, and D. B. Lubbock, l\1.R.C.S., l\I.R.C.P., No.8 (Duke of Connaught's) District; Sister No.2, Miss C. Alexander, Sister Tutor, London Hospital; Sisters 1 and 3, Miss M. S. Cochrane, R. R. c., l\Jatron, Charing Cross Hospital; Uniforms, Mrs. E. A. Tweedale, C. B. E. A. R. R. C., Lady District Superintendent, No. 4 (Lancashire) District, and Mrs. M. Harvey Reeves, A. R. R. c., Lady District Supt. No.3 (Eastern) District.

The Referees were Dr. W. C. Bentall (Asst. Surgeonin-Chi.ef) for the men and Capt. A. C. White Knox, l\1. C. (Asst. Commissioner) for the women.

The tests were as follows ::'lIEN'S TEAM TEST.

INTRODUCTION TO TEST.- You are on your way by car to J onsgate, where you are to take part this afternoon in the Dewar preliminary competition of your district. When you are two miles from that town, you are stopped just outside the village of Firsted, fifty yards away from a wayside house, and you are told that a boy, climbing a tree, has been caught in the branches.

You know that there is a hospital in J onsgate and that an ambulance can be obtained therefrom. Act as you see fit.

ACTION OF TEST.-Off the set the members of the team \-vill be seated in their car and then handed their card of " Introduction to Test." When they approach the set, the boy's father will clamber out of the window and call outHold on, Sonnie, till I cOllie to your ltelp. He will then leap, miss the tree and fall to the ground on his back. Prior to these mishaps father and son had to have tea on the la \\'11.

Sf AGING OF TEST.-Arrang-c set as country house with open window and with garden in which stands a large tree. Exhibit on house notices-Tea alld Lz'gl7t Refresizlllellts aud Pllbhc Telephone.

In tront of set arrange a table actually laid out with tea, jug of recently boiled water and light refreshments and on one side of set an ambulance which arrives six minutes after call. Also place stretcher, lut\'ersack, and blankets in the team's motor car.

Additional to the two pat ients, as i tants are required as car driver and waitre s. Represent on hoy a bruise of forehead and an abrasion of the right palm; and on man signs of shock, a simple fracture of right femur in middle of shaft ar.d an incised wound of left palm with arterial bleeding. The man is instructed to keep his right foot fully everted until limb has been controlled by splints and I andages.

NlJRSINl'

TEA;'.I TEsf (FIRST .\lD PORTION).

INTRODUCTION TO TEST.-You are spending the day at your team leader's country cottage. You know that this is five miles from Jonsgate where there is a hospital and two miles from the village of Firsted where the doctor reside. You know also that the telephone is out of order and that the car will not return from J onsgate for at lea t four hour. 0n this sunny afternoon you are on the lawn recei"ing instruction in gas mask drill for your A. R. P. re-examination. If anything untoward happens, act as seems be t to you.

ACTION OF TEs1.-During her instruction the Officer places a gas mask in position on the young gardener. Her husband is standing on a ladder at work on the grcenhou e. He turns round and is so surprised at seeing the gardener wearing a gas mask that he loses his balance and crashes through the framework on to the floor of the greenhouse. On the lawn lies a surgical haver ack. Five minutes aftcr the test starts, a carman walks up to the cottage and deli\-'crs a parcel. If not detained he will walk ofT set.

STAGl 'G OF TEsT.-Arrange cottage with greenhou e attached, the lower half of which can be exposed to the view of the spectators. Against thE' greenhouse plare the gardener's push cycJeand also a ladder on which the 11usband stands, hard at work, when the team arrives.

I n the greenhouse place 3 or 4 poles and 3 or 4 stickof which 2 poles and 2 sticks are suitable for improvisation as stretcher.

Arrange bedroom in cottage with removable front, though entry must be through doorway. Bedroom i in Sl ate of disorder. -

Reproduce on husband, who is fully conscious, an incised wound (with arterial bleeding) in upper third and outer side of right leg (with staining of trousers), a simple fracture of right humerus in middle of shaft and a sprain of left ankle. Place respirator on gardener.

INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL PRACTICAL TESTS.

Identical tests were set for both men and nursing officers or members-in-charge.

OFFICER OR MEMBER-IN-CHARGE.-This afternoon you have an appoi n tment with your dentist, who is also a doctor and your Divisional Surgeon. When you call on him, you are told by the page that Mr. St. John is out and that he asks you to wait, as he will be back in a fe\v minutes.

At this moment yo u are sitti ng in the waiting-room and hear the page whistling in the surgery. If you hear a cry or any peculiar sound, act as you see fit.

BEARERS Nos. 1 ANI) 3.-You two h ave been detailed

FIRST

for eve nin g duty at a cinema. Ac this moment you are entering the manager's orfice to sign the register and to collect your equipment which is kept there. If anything untoward happens, act as you should.

BE ,\RERS Nos. 2 AND 4.-To-night you two, as representatives of your Divi ion, are attending tlJe annual dinner of your local Chnmber of Commerce in this hotel. During the interval between the dinner and the speeches you "vander rounJ and peep into the ballroom where your allention is attracted to t\\'o porters.

You have been on duty this afternoon and left your ambulance equipment with the hall porter in the entracne lobby of the hotel.

If anything- untoward takes place, act as you should.

ISTER 2.- This patient was gi\'en a cold pack 20 minutes ago. The nurse who 'was in attendance having suddenly been taken ill, you are asked hy the girl's mother to take charg-e. .\ct as you should.

SISTERS Nos. 1 ,\ 'f) 3.-During an inllucnza epidemic you two aloe called to a patient who is sitting shivering before the fire in night-clothes and dressing gown, and complaining of pains in limh" and head. You know that the doctor is out and will not he back for an hour. The bed is unmade as a sister has only just come in. The bot-water bottle lying on the bed is already filled. Act as you should.

The results were as follows:

" DEvVAR JJ CJlALLENGE HIELD.

Team.

11.\"

AID T.C. P. Antiseptic.

THE use of iodine as a wound antiseptic has been definitely thrown out by the Revision Textbook Committee of the St. John Ambulance Association. There is no named brand of antiseptic given, and first aiders are instructed to apply "a chern ical substance which has the power of restraining the development of germs." This should be of a non-burning, non-irritating and nonpOIsonous character.

An antiseptic which has all the specified characteristics is T.C.P.-a really powerful, peneger micide, and one which many Brigade DIVISions have already adopted for use on public duties, etc.

Many readers of FIRST AID have already taken ad van tage of the offer made by the proprietors to test the antiseptic on an actual case, but some are waiting for the time when they commence to study the new textbook.

Ho wever, we strongly urge all readers to send as early as possible to Messrs. British Alkaloids Ltd., Winchester House, London, E.C.2, for free sample, and also a copy of a little booklet in which is set out the uses of T.C.P. in specific cases together with ordinary treatment of wounds.

Those applying for a sample should mention FIRST AID.

National Road Passenger

Ambulance Association.

I, Symons Eccles" ruth. hallenge Cup (runners-up): Red-

" Trimble" Trophy (highe t aggregate individual): Crewe "A."

" Ellis" Cup (best leader): Supt. A. V. Gibson, Crewe "A."

"PERROTT" CHALLE t GE SHIELD Team. District. Marks.

THE final competition for the" Stirk " trophy will be held on Sunday, July 3rd, at Nottingham.

The Northern Area eliminating test 'vas held at Preston on May 8th when seven teams competed. Manchester Corporation Transport Dept. were placed first with 301 marks, followed by Sheffield Corporation Transport Dep t. who gained 294t . These two teams will compete in the final. The Preston Corporation Transport Committee were resp onsible for the local orgar-isation, and Mr. v..;. E. Morse, the Sec retary of the Association was In charge o f the competition arrangements.

Air raid precaution work - is recelvll1g great support from the Leeds Corporation Early this month some 700 members of the general public sat for the G. P. certificate.

" Corbet Fletcher Jl Trophy (runners-up) : Hampstead.

" Chalmers" Trophy (highest aggregate individual): Weymouth.

"Lady Mountgarret" Cur- (bedmaking) : Ipswich (Air Duties).

I' Ellis" Cup (best leader) : Ambulance Sister L. Capie, 'Veymouth.

FOUND.-Large Silver No. 40136, believed to have been issued in 1896 to a member of \\'igan Colliery C lass . Own er can obtain same on application to Officer :\ \V. Free, Rockside House, Askern, near Doncaster.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Headquarters and District Reports.

Brigade Headquarters

A.R.P.-The 16th All-England Course was held on April 23rd/24th, when some 250 students attended.

Dr. J. Fenton, in the unavoidable absence of the Chief Commissioner and Dr. W. Bentall, who was del aye d, extended a hearty welcome to all present and intf'oduced the Brigade officials and lecturers-Major Darvil-Smith (Brigade Secretary), Mr. H. J. Wriggleworth (Asst. Messrs. W. J. Noble, W. J. B. Trotter, F. W ngglesworth and Lt.-Col. Collins. Professor G. P. l\ludge was also a lecturer.

The course followed the usual sequence and included the Saturday evening concert so splendidly organised and presented by Mr. Joe Grossman, of the Associated British Picture Corporation, Ltd.

At the conclusion of the course tribute was paid to the lecturers and organising staff.

The following impression of the course has been sent t? First Aid by John C. Davison, Esq., K.C., M.P., Parhamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Home Affairs, Northern Ireland: "The organisation for the comfort and convenience of those attendnig the course was perfect. Everything was made easy for us. I was greatly struck by the ability of the lecturing staff to make clear the most difficult p.arts o.f their subjects to those who, like myself, were enttre1y Ignorant. The lectures were all common sense and practical, and there never was a dull moment.

I am, personally, very grateful to the Brigade for giving me the opportunity of attending the course. What I have learnt will be of very great value to me in my duties here."

Owing to the success of past courses and to continued applications two further week-end courses have been arranged to be held in London.

The dates for these are: May 21st and 22nd, and J nne 18th and 19th.

No. I (prince of Wales's) District

The final competitions of the district were held on Saturday, April 23rd, at the Northampton Institute C1erkenwel1.

The gallery was well filled with members and friends who watched with interest the work being done by on the ground floor.

Captain W. Goodley, M.C (Commissioner) presided at the presentation function and took the at the subsequent competitors' march past.

In his Capt. Goodley s,:id he was pleased t? see so many frIends present to WItness the competitIOns. He referred to the absence of the oldest District Officer (Mr. Piers) and announced the regretable death on April 21st, of Mrs. Piers. The work of the petitors had been of a high standard but urged that more teams .should enter. Th.e District should not only be No.1 10 name but No.1 10 efficiency. Competitions did much in this direction. Referring to the work of the

Brigade in general, Capt. Goodley stated that t here were more things to do to-day than in the past. A.R.P. had made heavy demands on members' time hut this subject must not overshadow the main object of the Brigadenamely first aid.

On the winner of the" Massey" and" IIacfaddcn" tests lay the responsibility of representing the District in the Brigade finals and he hoped they would obtain a higher place than that occupied by teams during the past few years. For the first time at the District finals individual prizes wou ld be pre ented to members of the winning team.

District Officer T. E. Walsby announced the result as follows:-

1) Cricklewood; 2, West Ham; 3, Kensmgton; 4, Eltham.

" Osborne" (Improvised): 1, Euston ; 2, Cricklewood; 3 (he), Old Kent Road and West Ham; 5, Kensington. Results of competitions held prior to the day's event s :-

" Ninnis" Efficiency: 19/1, Old Kent Road ( outh Gas Co.).

" Sleath Gent" (Individual): Pte R. S. North, 19/4 South Met. Gas Co.).

"William Neill" (Boy Cadets): Cl2 Dagenham Division.

The" Rideout" Cup, presented to the area gaining the greatest number of awards, was won by the Northern Area.

Mrs. Goodley, of the Commissioner, presented th.e .a,wards; Cad.et Dmes, of the Grays Nursing Cadet DIVISIon, presentmg her with a bouquet.

Votes of thanks to Mrs. Goodley, to the judge_, the stewards and patients brought the 1938 finals to successful conclusion.

(Nursing results on " Our Nurses' Pages.")

The annual inspection has been arranged for Saturday afternoon , June 11th, to take place in Hyde Park It is hoped to have a record attendance on parade.

Many members of No. 1 District will learn with regret that Mrs. Gertrude Piers wife of District Officer S. B. Piers, the eldest officer df No. 1 District, passed away on April 21st, at 25, Lyndhurst Avenue , St. Helen'; Down, Hastings.

. "Grandma," Mrs. Piers was affectionately called WIll be greatly mIssed, and we extend to Mr. Piers our heartfelt sympathy in his bereavement

On Saturday, April 16th, a new ambulance hut of the No 122 (E1tham) and No. 136 (Sidcup) Divisions was officlal.ly declared. open by Mr. E. V Miles , J.P. (Chairman of Chlslehurst-Sldcup Council).

A. C. White Knox , M.C, M.B. (Asst. C0111was 10 charge of the parade, which included, 111 addlt:on to members of both divisions, representatives of Lewlsham Division. Officers present were

Ui\,. Surgeon Dr. S. Mc lements, Drs. C. E. Gallagher and Eva Ga lla gher, Lady Supt. l\.liss Pearce, and Amb. Officer F. VV. Jud e!. M rs. Harbottle represented Supt. 1I. R. IIarhotlle.

The Asst. Commissioner expressed his pleasure joining \\ ith the two divisions in the ceremony and C011gTatulated .i\Ir. \\!. F. Herwegh, founder of the Sidcup Di\'ision, on the progre hc had made. of the [\\0 di\'isions \\'ould staff the hut and sec that the service \\ as of the very bcst.

1\1r. n.:cci\'cd the key from Capt. \Vhit e Knox <lnd said it was a pkasun: LO bc cOllcerJlc:d in the cstab li shll1l'l1t 0 i t. John \\'ork in the district. His COUJlcil v,ere glad to han thl'1l1 in thc di trict and It was fortunate that mcn and \\Olllell were availab1t.: to make such a sacrifice. Hc \\as airaid the Council would al 0 find work [or the cil\ "isiol1S to do in connection ,\ ith air raiel precautions.

Thc of \\'ooh\ ieh (Coullcillor P. H. Rance) mO\ ed a \ olL' of thank and recalled ho\\' greatly the work () f the Sl. J ()hn 1110\ elllent \\ a needed at its formation.

II ()\\ ml1ch grl'all:r \\ a the Illecl to - day!

Mr. T. C Calhraith (\"iCl Chairman) seconcied the \'( It\: 0 f t hall

ThL' hut \\ as LrLcted hy local co-operation and mall)' had hecn n ': (l: in:d to ist in the equipment. pnSOllS als!) forwarded dUllatiol1s, \\hich was most welcome

JL\RXET.-COul1ciJlor C T. Deard (President), presided the :111 11 l1al dill11U" of the BarJll't Di"isioll alld annou11ced thal SllPl. J\. E. ITa\\ kills had been admitted as a Scn lng her of thc Order of St. J Ohl1. Tho e present at thl' function included 1\lrs. Beard, many local C()u11cil 1l1l'111l11'rc,. :upl. (R.) F. County C0111I1li sioJ1tr 1[. La11gky .lone •\st. COlTImi ioner Capt. \. \\ hitc K110X. District Staff Officer G. C Green, Dist rict Officer Kl 111p and 0 horn and officer of neig-h!l()uring" dl\ ision ,'.

II ThL Prl..,H!t-nt :tnd Ylce-Prcsident "\\-a proposed h) Dist nct StalT Officer Crecll , \\ ho hrought the following 1l1essage fr()m the Comllli _ inner to the Divi ion: c'TclI thlln I am proud of thcm and thank thclll for the \\a\ they arc d01Jlg' their joh." Grcen complimented Tlamet Di\ ision Oil ha\ ing c. an ideal pre ident."

In rc"pOl1se, the President re ferred to the ancient traditions of the Order of t. John. All senicc carried oul by the 111emher oj the Brigade was \\'ithout fee or rL\\ard. Barnet had <H CJualified mC111her \\'ho undertook many duties and sacnllccI their leisure time.

Capt. \\ "hite Knox propo eel "The Barnet Di\'i ion" and paid trihute to the ,,"ark of Supl. Hawkins and of his prt:decessor. H l'Scr\ c Supt. l\lartin- mith. TIe hUlllorously "ug-g-ested that the Diyi -ion might create a useful re erve section out of thc personnel 0 f the S2 yice-presidents \\jth the prcsidcnt at their head.

upt. Ba\\ kins in reply referred to the Polters Bar section, which he anticipated \\ould develop into a Division. He spoke of the useful work carried out at the South l\lim111s first aiel post and the as istance rendcred by the Barnet Nursing- Di\'i ion under Lady Amb. 9fficcr J\lrs. Burns. The Division was aiming at securing Its own headquarters and Supt. Hawkins pointed out that the provision of a permanent home would enable the Division to aug'ment it effectiveness of sen·ice. In conclusion, Supt. Hawkins paid tribute to various officers and officia ls of the Division for their valuable services.

"The Lac!ies and Yisitor "\va proposed by Capl. St.an.more Lewl (H on. rreasurer), to which County Com1TI1SSlOner H, Jol:e responded. He complimented the Barnet DIVISI011 011 Its large member. hip and on its

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vitalify, and was particularly impressed by the number of young men who were associated with the movement in Barnet.

During the evening Mrs. Beard presented divisional awards as follows :-

Individual Efficiency Cup (presented by Supt. Hawkins in memory of his son): 1, Pte. v\'. E. Tarry (the YOLlngest member of the Division); 2, Pte. G. H, Hornett; 3, Pte, G tern.

Team hield: CorpJ. Arnold (leader), and Ptes. J. Berry, G, Sumpter, \V. S. Keen and A. H. Burgess; runners-up, Corp!. S. T. Gentle (leader), and Ptes. A. J. McCormick, W. E. Tarry, G. Faulkner, and E. \V. Olney. The following promotions were announced :-Hon. Sergeant T. A. Cheek to Sergeant, and Privates ,T. Gentle, J. D. Branch (Potters Bar section), E. H. Arnold and H. vVartt to Corporals.

A course of lectures on First Aid, LInder the auspices of the Barnet Division, commenced on .'.lay 13th, at Byng Road Schools, and will continue each Fric1ay at the same time for a further n\ e weeks.

A com e of lecture for men and women on Fi r5t Aid to the lnjl1red commenced on '\'lay 19th, at the Ko. 3 Health Centre, 21a, Paddington Street, at 8.15 p.m. At the same Centre and on the ame day a cour e of lecture was commenced, at 6 p.m , for male under 16 years of age for the Preliminary Certificate. Enrolment for the remaining lectures hould be made to Di," Supt. \Y. V. ill. Allen, \\ "estern District Post Office , \\ impole Street. \V.l.

XEW CROSS.- orne 200 members and friends attended the annual upper and ocial of the Xo. 16 (Xew Cro ) Division, held on May 2nd, when oYer 90 award were presented by Dr. J. Stanley Davies to the member. Supt. \V. H. \V ebb paid tribute to the Officers and 1 .CO' , \"ho took all the work off his hands and to the members of the Diyision for their continued support. He \velcomed the Mayor of Deptford (Councillor Brio-ht) and emphasised the fact that the Diyi ion wa eyer to be of sefYice to the COllnci!.

A pecial welcome was extended to Dr. Da\'ies. the Grandfather ': of the J?iYision, \\'ho for oyer -1-0 years had been. teach1J1 first aId and carrying out examination. Dr. asked to accept a silver CtlP a a mall apprecIatIOn of the excellent sen-ice rendered to the Division The cup was for annual competition amon o members of the Divi ion.

Dr. Davie thanked the members wholeheartedl\' and affectionately for the gift. The assistance he had -given wa a work of love and he appreciated the o-reat pirit of comradeship which exi ted between them. b

The win:1er for the fir t year was Pte. E. J. Pearce and Dr. DaYles handed the cup to him with hearty congratulation.

The Mayor expres eel his plea ure at bein o present and wished the Division continued success. b

The function was organised by 1\lr. Lassiter (VicePreslclent) and Amb. Officer Ball, ancl they are to he congratulated 011 their excel lent rtrrangemcllts.

SOUTTIG .\TE.-The annual Birthday Party of the outhgate Ambulance and the Finchley and outho'ate NursinoDivi ion \\'a on J\lay -I- th, when a number of members ancl friends pent a very merry and enjoyable evening.

FIRST

Those present included the Mayor and Mayoress of Southgate (Alderman Massa and Mrs. Massa), together with other members of local government, Asst. Commissioner Capt. Rees, District Staff Officer Green and 1\1rs. Green, District Officer Standingford, Div. Surgeons \Vestlake, Reid and Crameri, Supt. Collins (Southgate), Supt. Taylor (Finch1ey), Lady Amh. Officers R. Daniel and S. Say (Finchley and Southgate), and others.

Dancing, games, competitions, community singing (led by Supt. Collins), proved an enjoyable evening, with Pte. F. Thorndycke as M.C Prizes were awarded for Ilumerous events and these included inany humorotls gifts.

TIle Mayor expressed pleasure at being present and paid tribute to the work of the Brigade.

All too soon "carriages at 11.45" arrived, and 0 ended what is one of the jolliest parties held in the district.

N o . II D i strict

At the Somer et County Competitions, held last month, Minehead gained first place and were awarded the " Lovell" Cup.

The judges were County Commissioner Dr. Beath, Dr. H. T. Beggs (North Petherton), Dr. Peckett Davis (Vv'eston-super-Mare), Dr. S. H. Raya (Bridgwater), and County Officer Barley.

FiYe teams contested the tests.

WITNEy.-},,1iss Doris Mason, President, presided at the annual meeting of the Witney Division, supported by Div. Surgeon P. J. Pursell and Supt, J. C Chesterman. The latter made an appeal for financial support and stated that since the commencement of the Division the work had gradually increased year by year. It was a source of pleasure to him that these increasing calls were met so willingly by the members.

The President, in her address, said the importance of the Brigade work had increased in view of A.R.P. and anti-gas instruction. Miss Mason felt that the general pull would back up the Brigade in the financial side. She welcomed the cadets (now 15 in number) and expressed thanks to Supt. Chesterman for his energetic example in the work.

The Hon. Secretary (Mr. S. Collis) reported that 324 cases had received attention, an increase of 87 on 1936. He gave particulars of cases treated at the more important functions. At the annual inspection by the County Commissioner, Dr. C. Gardiner-Hill, 26 members attended. The Division has 4 Grade 1 A.R.P instructors, 1 Grade 2 and 12 ordinary certificates.

The" Chesterman" Bowl, for attendance, was won by CorpI. T. Silman with 98 marks out of 102.

No. I V D i stric t LIVERPOOL.-SUPt. L. R. Lewis presided at the 10th annual presentation of awards to members of the Exchange Division and welcomed Mr W J. Grace (Group President) and Mrs. Grace, Div. Surgeon M. Solomon, Corps Secretary Searle and Mrs. Searle, Group Commander Williams and Mrs. Williams, Mr. Jones and Lady Supt. Mrs. Jones (Exchange ursing Division), Supt. King and Mrs. King, and others

!he awards were presented by Mrs. Grace, who receIved a bouquet from the members.

Supt. Lewis stated that the Division had gone from strength to strength since its inception and had now II

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membership of 80 Also aLtached was a Cadet Division with 60 members, also a Nursing Division under Lady! Supt. Mrs. Jones All worked splendidly together. He thanked the officers and men for thei r loyal co-operation; a lso friends of the Division for the assistance.

Mr. Grace, on behal f of Mrs. Grace and himsel f. cxpressed pleasure at being present. Referring to thc officers of the Division he said they were friends of the men as well as officers. for which they wcre respected.

Mrs. Jones was the recipient of a present from the members of the home I1ttr ing class as a token of kindne s shown and help given.

Amb. Officer G. Gough presented upt. Lewis ::Lnd Mrs. Lewis with a case of cutlery fro111 member ' of the Division as a mark of esteem for the loyal support and encouragement durino- the six year Supt. Le\\ i had been in office. Amb. Officer Kennedy upported the speaker.

upt. Lewis, in reply, thanked the members for the surprise gift, which Mrs. Lewis and himself greatly appreciated.

Dr. Solomon was presented with an inkstand and pens and the evening concluded with dancing until a late hour.

No. V District

ASKE.RN MAIN.-The annual social e\'Clling of the Askern Main Corps wa held 011 April 9th, \\ hen alHHlt 200 members and friends v..-ere pre ellt.

During the evening District Officer Bunting madL: thL: following presentations to the members of the Ambulance Divisions :Gold Medals of the "Llewellyn Jones" Ambulance Competition: H. Rice, L. ASCJuith, N. Holland and P. Davey. Individual Iedal: L. Asquith. "A kern Main Welfare" Shield Ambulance Prizes, 1937: litton Division (Ptes. R. Elliott, G. Asquith, J. J oynson, Sergt. Freeman); runners-up, Instone\'ille Di\ i ion (Pte. J.D. Whiles, S. Dagnall, C. Holland, P. Davey). In addition 6 first aid certificates for 1938, 5 voucher, 1.+ mcdallion" and 56 labels for 1937 were also pre ellted. Aho I (J A.R.P. certificates.

Leeds Cent r al Y. M.C.A. Division, 1938 winners of Lee d s Corps Competition Shield.

Mrs. Bunting presented 5 certificates for first aid and 6 home nursing certificates, 1 medallion and 10 lahels and pendants to members of the Nursing Division.

To mark the occasion the Corps President (Mr. Wm. Llewellyn Jones) presented Dr. John Malloch, on behalf of the members, with an engraved silver cigarette case as a token of appreciation of his help to the Corps.

FIRST

District Officer Bunting, in the course of his remarks, ma(k reference to the number of members wearing the Service Medal (18 medals, 3 bars for 20 years, 1 for 25 years and 1 for 30 years), and explained to the audience the meaning of the design and ribbon. lIe expressed the need for more rccruits. He paid tribute to the members of the Campsall and orton Division, who won the tent prize at the annual camp held last ycar.

Further speeches were made by the Corps President and Corps Supt. 1\lorgan, who referred to the work done behind the sccncs oy the Corps Surgeon, the Corps Staff, Lady Supt. 1\1rs. CO(Jdll1an and Lady l\.mo. Officer 1\[ rs. Padfield.

BARNSLEy.-The necessity of all members of the Brigade to qualify for A.R.P. certificates was emphasised by District Officer C. H. Forster, when speaking at the annual pre entation of a\\ ards to mcmbers of the Barnsley Di\ ision and attached :.Jursing- CIa Scrgt. J. Littlewood (Di, 'ecrctary) stated that there had been an increase in public duties and that bettcr public support had been shown.

:upt. J. \V. Lemley referrcd to thc numerous activitie of the Di\'Jsion and nursing class.

The proceedings were presided over by Div. Surgeon T. II. Ta) lor. supported hy Div Surgeon H. E. ).IcLauCYhlin, \\ ho prescnted the awards.

An enjoyahle entertainment was presented by many artl Ie whilst the member of the nursing clas lJre enttd an excellent cnll1cdy sketch entitled" Pills and Plaster."

The Barn ' ley Di vision are very p!cased to welcome ] )iy. Surgcoll Taylor's rcturn from the reserve to the active list. O\\"in cr to pressure of work Dr. Taylor wa cmnpcllcd to be placed on the reserve for some time, but he has nO\\ found time to again o-i n: his services, which are greatly appreciated.

LFI:Ds. - l·()rps - !lPt. R. H. Hakn. who ha heen in l'hargt: u f thL: Lct tis C orp5 for tht: [last six year, has n'cenlly bcen promoted to District Officcr and transferred to the staff of the Assistant COl11mi , ioner for the 1\Iiclla1ld A rea.

lIe joined the Brio-ade in 1910 and had g-iyen 28 Corps Supt. 1. B. District Officer T9 e: R. H. Baker.

years to the work, having passed through the yarious ranks to reach his present appointment. He was called to take charge of the Leeds Corps on the sudden death of late Corps Supt. Marcroft, and during his period of office has been responsible for the arrangcment of

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important public duties including two Royal visits. He was a member of the M.ILH. Reserve of the Brigade and on the outbreak of the war joined the R.A.M.C, serving at several places at home and abroad. He now holds an A.R.P. Grade 1 Instructor's certificate and has done a considerable amount of voluntary work in connection with the City Council A.R.P. Committee Scheme in Leeds. District Officer Baker \ras admitted a Serving Brother of the Order in 193-+, and is the holder of the Service Medal and two bars. He also has the Coronation l\Iedal. District Officer Baker wi11 now be chieAy concerned with A.R.P., of which the Brigade in the area are taking a large share.

Corps Officer ),1. B. Fenton, who has been Corps Secretary for six years, will succeed 1\1r. Baker as Corps Superintendent in charge of the Leeds Corps. He too has been a member of the Brigade since 1910 and has passed through the ranks to his present position. In 193-this services were recognised by the Order and he was admitted as a Serving Brother. He holds the Sen'ice :'IIeda1 with two bars.

He has seen the Leeds Corps grow from 7 ambulance, 4 nursing divisions to its present strength of 12 ambulance, 8 nursing, and 7 Cadet Diyisions, with a total personnel of 766.

N o. VI D is trict

HOUGIITON-LE- PRI:'\c.-Recently the colleagues oi Amb. Officer George A. Coulson presented him with a \Vestminster chiming clock in recognition of service rendered to the movement.

He joined the Brigade in 1910 whilst at Ferryhil1, and during the war seryed in the with the rank

Amb Onlcer G A. Coulson. of sergeant. In 1922 he \Hnt to Houghton-Ie-Spring as colliery ambulance attendant. In 1932 he was admitted as a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. In the competition arena 1\1r. Coulon has won many awards and is still an active competitor, having WOIl second place medal in the" J oicey" Cup competition this year. He is also an A.R.P. instructor.

No. vrn (Duke of Connaught's) D i strict

The Kent County competitions were held at Gillingham, en Saturday, April 9th, with the following results:Men.-1, Ashford \Norks, 29M; 2, Herne Bay, 28n; 3. Faversha111, 279. Other teams were Chatham S. R., Ashford South, Canterbury, Ashford Tmn1, Westgate-onSea, Folkestone, Tunbridge Wells and Ramsgate S.R.

\Yomen.-l, Folkestone, 26-+; 2, Herne Bay, 256; 3, Doyer, 253. Other teams were Tunbridge Wells and Isle of heppy.

Boy Cadets.-l, I Ie of Sheppy, 155; 2, Folkestone, 1-+2; 3, Herne Bay, 133. Sittingbourne, Dover Town, Chatham and Gillingham, Maidstone and Sevenoaks also competed.

Girl Cadet .-1, Folkestone, 152; 2, Chatham, 1351; 3, Doyer, 133. A hford, Herne Bay and Maidstone also competed.

ir Robert Gower) President of the Chatham and Gillingham Corps, entertained the judges and officials to lunch.

Thc Mayoress of Gillingham (rvlrs. L. J. Newnham), who was accompanied by the Mayor (Councillor Newnham) presented the trophies to the successful teams.

No. IX District

On Saturday, April 23rd, the annual competitions of the 1\0. 9 District were held at Falmouth. The results, announced by Asst. County Commissioner \Y. \\ ' Johnston, ",ere as follo\\'s:Redruth, 322 points; 2nd, Exeter City Police, 3rd, 'Weymouth, 298k. Other teams in order of merit were Poole , Barnstaple, St. Blazey, Millbay Railway and Plymouth Central.

\\ omen.-lst, Weymouth, 288i; 2nd, Barnstaple, 276!; 3rd, Paignton, 267±. Other teams, Sherwell, Redruth, Poole, Plymouth Co-operative and Constantine. l1rs. F. Iyens-Knowles, of Truro, presented the awards and paid tribute to the work of the Brigade, which was carrying a great tradition.

No. X District

An eliminating competltlO11 for the "East Anglian' Cup was held at NOf\-\'ich last month. Five teams competed the ultimate result being: 1st, Yarmouth, 404; 2nd, Lads' Club, 381; 3rd, Sheringham, 365i ; 4th, Nonvich Corporation employees, 5th, Norwich City, The judges \vere Lt.-Col. M. MacEwen (team), Dr. S. J. Fielding and D. Napier Scott (individual), Drs. May Rutledge and C. Roberts (oral).

Corps Supt. S. E. R. Scott arranged the competttton, a isted by County Secretary B. E. Sewell and Mr. Stubbs. Those present included Dr. Geldard, Supts. H. G. Linder, Slaughter, S. E. Day and W. A. Knox.

Thanks v\'ere extended to the Chief Constable (Mr. J. H. Dain) for the use of the Lads' Club, to the judges and others who had assisted.

Col. MacEwen congratulated the teams on their work 011 which he gave criticisms.

Irish Free State District.

The annual competitions for Ambulance Divisions were held on Saturday, April 23rd, with the following results :-

Dublin Ambulance Challenge Cup: 1, City of Dublin, 238; 2, Broadstone No.1, 235; 3, W. & R. Jacobs, 227. Sevcn teams competed, the judges being Dr. McKay (team), D.r. (practical), Dr. Foster (theory).

Dubhn !rades Cup (novices): 1, W. & .R. Jacobs DIVISion, 225; 2, CIty of Dublin, 218; 3, ImperIal Tobacco Co., 208. Six teams competed the judges being Dr. S. Berry (team), Dr. (practical), Dr. H. Hunt (theory).

ir John Lum den, Commissioner, presented the awards and exprc sed his pleasure at seeing teams from Belfast and Limerick competing.

Coming Events

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars 01 forth· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

20 to June 10.-National V.A. D. Training Camp.

22.-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association, l\Iidland Area Competitions, Beeston.

2-1- to 27.-National Safety Congres , London.

26.-Inter-Railway Ambulance Competition, Great Central Hotel, London.

27.-London, \1idland and Scottish Railway \Vomen's Competitions Final, London.

28.-County of London Branch, B.R.C.S., Annual Inspection.

29.-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association, South Midland Area Competitions, Birmingham.

JUNE.

10.-London and North Eastery Railway International Competition, York.

11.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, ".J.A. B., ,\nnual Inspectian, Hyde Park.

11.-Brierfield Ambulance anct Nursing Divi ion )pen Competitions, Brierfield.

H.-British Red Cross Society Metropolitan .\rea Flag Day.

18.-P. D.A. C. Ltd. (Western Area) 20th Annual I ntcrColliery Competitions, Pennycraig.

18.-Royal Halifax Infirmary Demonstration and Gala Open Competitions, Halifax.

18 & 19.-AIl-England A.R.P. Course, .J.A.B., Great Central Hotel, London.

23.-London, Midland & Scottish Raihvay International Competition, London.

20 to 24.-16th International Red Cross Conference, London.

25.-Annual Ambulance Competition of the Brig-house Hospital's Committee, Brighouse.

JULY.

3.-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association Final Competition, Notting-ham.

9.-Elland Demonstration and Gala Annual Ambulance Competitions, Eiland.

10.-No. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District Annual Review, Herne Bay.

Nottingham Victoria L. N. E. R. won the Nottingham Railways Ambulance League with 1129 marks gained in all tests. Nottingham Loco L.M.S. were second with 1027.

Wing Commander E. J. Hodsell, Inspector-General of Air Raid Precautions, performed the opening ceremony at the A. R. P. Exhibition, held at Esher, from May 11th to 14th. The Exhibition was organised by Mr. L. R. Allum, A. R. P. Officer for the district.

FIRST AID

Priory for Wales.

HEADQUARTER NOTES.

Commissioners and A. R. P. Officers of the Brigade in Wales atknded a meeting of the Chemical Warfare SubCommittee of the Priory for Wales at Priory House on Tuesday, April 26th. In summarising the progress made in Wales in connection with the Order's obligations under the Home Office Scheme for Air Raid Precautions, the Principal Secretary (The Hon. John H. Bruce) stated that the Priory had certificated 368 Grade 1 and 264 Grade 2 A. R. P. Instructors; and classes trained by these Instructors had re ulted in the sue of Certificates to 1,118 successful Brigade students and 645 memhers of the general public.

An interesting den.onstration of incendiary and gas bombs was kindly g-iven by Mr. Eric Wilson, Managing Director, l\lessr. South \Vales Fire Protection Engineers Ltd.,' with a view to indicating to Instructors the types of equipment availahle for purchase by A. R. P. Lecturers.

Local Authorities art! approaching the Priory for the purpose of ascertaining whether [nstructors can be supplied for the training of the volunteers joining the A. R. P. Services; and the Committee considered the terms on which the C.A.G.S. and Grade 1 Instructors might be employed.

At the monthly meeting of the Ambulance Committee of the Priory, over which Professor George Knox, M. I. M. E., F. G .. pre ided, the .\[edical Appointments in the Brigade anclioned by the Committee included that of Dr. David Rocyn-Jones, son of the Surgeon-in-Chief for \-Vales, as urgeon to the Town Division, Dr. Audrey Turner, daughter of the Priory Headquarter A. R. P. Staff Officer, as urgeon to the Bargoed Nursing Division and Dr. GeolTrey Owen E\'ans, son of the Assistant Commissioner for Pontardawe, as Surgeon to the POlltardawe Division. Recognition was given to the formation of the following new Units of Brit;ade: Penrhyn Quarry(Caern.), Rhosllanerchrugog (Den.), Bagillt (Flint.) and Goodwick (Pem.), Ambulance Divic;ions: Brynkinalt and If ton (Den.) Cadet Ambulance; and Penallta Cadet Nursing Division (Glam.)

Ir. \V. II. Jones, (he veteran Assistant Commissioner for Merthyr Borough, was congratulated on his qualification for a third Bar to hi Service 1edal, indicating thirty years' efficient Brigade service. It was noted that the following awards had been approved by H. R. H. the Grand Prior :-

SER\'ICE MEDAL (FIFTEEN YEARS), Glamorg-an County Centre. -County Officer David C. Williams, Corps Supt. D. G. John, Corps Secretary Gwilym Jones, Corps Treasurer Richard Davies, Divisional Superintendents A. W. Lewis (Coedely) and William Daniel (Bryn), Corps Sergeant 1ajor Thomas j. Jenkins, Sergeants Charles J. Wintle (Ogmore Vale) and Rees T. Davies (Cefn Cribbwr) ; and Private]. Allsopp.

Carmarthenshire Centre.-Corps Surg-eon H. ]. Clutterbuck, Corps Supt. Brinley Richards, Ambulance Officer Charles C. Hill, Lady Ambulance Officers Daisy Cue and Blod wen Thomas.

Monmouthshire Centre.-Corps Secretary Wyndham S. Harris, Ambulance Officer "V. E. Coleman, Corporals Cyril Powell and A. E. Baldwin, Privates Stephen Brain and James Burge.

Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre.-Corporal William E. Williams, Privates Thomas H. Shankland and David Jones.

Rhondda Centre.-Corps Surgeon Robert Nelson and Corps Inspector of Stores E. G. Pugsley.

Cardiff Centre.-Ambulance Sisters Olive and Helen Connor.

FIRST BARS (TWENTY YEAR3).

Carmarthenshire Centre.-Commissioner Evan David J ones, Lady County Officer Miss Bertha Price, Lady Corp9 Supt. 1iss Etty Rees, Lady Divisional Supt. Miss Evelyn Harries.

Brecknockshire Centre.-Asst. Commissioner George Roblings.

Glamorgan County Centre.-Corps Supt. E. G. Howells, Corps Secretary W. T. Richards, Corps Treasurer David Pugh and Div. Supt. Evan Enoch.

Monmouthshire Centre.-Div. Supt. Edgar F. Paget.

SECOND BARS (TwENTy-FI\'E YEARS).

Monmouthshire Centre.-Sergeant Gilbert James. Cardiff Centre.-Lady County Officer 1\1rs. Mia Lucas, 1\1. B. E , and Lady Corps Supt. Miss Victoria \Y. Rees.

THIRD BARS (THIRTY YEARS).

Carmarthenshire Centre.-County Officer Idris Davies. Borough of Newport Centre.-County Officer George J. Rowlands.

Borough of Merthyr TyJfil.-Corps Supt. Thomas ]. Hug-hes, Corps Treasurer John Morgan and Ambulance Officer T. Evans.

Arrangements for the annual meeting of the Chapter and General Assembly of the Priory were under discussion at a Meeting of Council on April 26th; and it was decided to recommend to the Sub-Prior, the Earl of Plymouth, the holding of Chapter on a date to be selected at the end of June or beginning of July.

FINAL COMPETITIONS FOR SENIOR OF THE BRIGADE IN WALES.

The annual competitions for the "Llandinam Shield and Arthur Griffiths Memorial" Cup for teams of men and women respectively who had won thf'ir way through a series of eliminating contests to represent their respecti\'e Centres in the \-Velsh Brigade Finals took place at the City Hall, Cardiff, on April 9th. For the first time a Committee of Officials and Judges had met in advance to arrange the tests; and there was considerable improvement in the staging of the tests which added to the interest of the large of spectators present. In the team test the men had to treat a patient who in falling from a ladder catches hold of oVE:rhead electricity wires and has to be treated for electric shock, unconsciousness and a compound fracture of left humerus. In the women's team test the patient was a boy with a fractured skull ciS a result of an accident on the football field. The following Brigade Surg-eons gave their services gratuitously as judges :-Dr. S. 1cCormac (Commissioner, Newport) ; Or. S. B. Turner (Assistant Commissioner, Bargoed); Corps Surgeon Vl. Verner (Newport) : Corps Surgeon R. S. 1orris-Thomas (Maerdy) ; Divisional Surgeons J. S. M. Wilson (Aberdare), G. Rocyn-Jones (L1antarnam) and G. l\L Mitchell (Treforest). Miss M. Davies, Matron, Cardiff Royal Infirmary, judged the AfterCare, and Uniforms were judged by Lady County Officer (Mrs.) S. B. Turn(:.r, Bargoed, and Commissioner Captain T. E. Richards, ]. P., M. E., Tongwynlais.

The following results were announced by the Principal

Secretary and Commissioner for V-Ta les and the trophies were presented by the Lord l\Jayor of Cardiff (Alderman O. C. Purnell, J. P.), and Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E. (Assistant Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for 'Wales) :-

" LLANDINAM" SmELl> (;\IEN).

AID

Extras: neatness, rapidity, leadership of member in charge 15 Co-operation of leam ; care and gentleness; quietness 15 150

PRESENTATlO;\'S TO CILF'YNYf)\) l\lE:'>IBERs.

The Hon. John H. Bruce, J. P., D. L., Commi siOiler for Wales, visited Cilfynydd for the purpose of attending the annual presentation social of the Ambulance, Nursing- and Cadet Divisions. Among- the 250 guests were Dr. Tudor Williams (Assistant Commissioner), l'hs. T. \Villiams, County Officer R. Hewer, Corps Supt. H. Clift, Corps ergeant-Maior E. Perkins, Corps Treasurer Lewis Owen and Mr. A. Moore, 1'1. E. (President, Cadet Division).

"ARTHUR GRIF'F'ITHS MElIIORIAL" CUP (WOMEN).

An inspection of the Cadets was conducted by the Commissioner for "Vales who complimented them on their efficiency and general smartness. Ir. Bruce explained all phases of ambulance work and urged those present to acquaint themselves with the measures of the A. R. P. Scheme.

Certificates were presented to the Boy Cadets by Ir. A. l\Joore; Irs. T. Williams presented first aid and .home nursing- certificates to Girl Cadets and Corps Supt. H. Clift distributed labels to members of the Ambulance Division.

With a few appropriale remarks, Dr. Tudor Williams presented the Cadet President with a badge of oil-Ice, whilst Kenneth Pearce (the longest-service pre ented, 011 behalf of the Cadet Division, a walking stick to !\lr. l\ioore, who suitably responded.

Railway Ambulance News.

The I nter- Rai Iway COin petition.

The above competItIOn which as, previously announced, will be held on May 26th, at the Great CU1tral Hotel, London, wilt be contested by the following teams :-

Pilning and Westbury (Great Western), Wolverton " A" and Crewe Works :\lachine 'hop (L. M. & S.), King's Cro s Loco. and Bishopsgate " B " (L. & E. R.), Hor ham and Exmouth ] unction (Southern), and the L.P.T.B. (Metropolitan Lines) for the ungrouped railways.

Capt. A. \Vhite Knox, M.C., l\I.B., Ch. B., wil1 judge the team test and Dr. M. 1J. cott the individual tests.

G.--eat Western.

A man is painting the outside of a house. The ladder slips. He catches hold of the overhead wires carrying electricity to the house in order to save himself. The wires break, and he falls twelve feet with the wire on his chest.

U nconsious ; not breathing; wire across chest. Also has compound fracture of left humerus. Only a domestic servant in the house; she has an hysterical attack.

Thomas 's Splint.

Hl:G H OWE:\, TIIOMA' (1834--1891), 3. celebrated surgeon of Liverpool, invented rigid splints, made of steel bars curved to the shape of the limb, and set curved by plaster of paris bandages, employed in the treatment of fractures and chronic joint disease. His splint halved the mortality in cases of compound fracture of the femur in the Great War.

I n fractures in any part of a lim b, where prolonged extension has to be maintained, a skeleton splint is used, modified suitably for the arm or leg. The essential element in Thomas's splint is a wellpadded ring above, through which the limb is passed. It is pressed home either against the chest wall or axilla or against the tuber ischii. On either s ide a straight or bent iron wire passes down, attached above to the ring, and terminating below in a cross-piece, the level of which is well below the sole of the foot or ti ps of the fingers. Extension arrangements are fixed to the limb by glue or some form of skeleton fracture apparatus, and attached to the cross-bar of the splint, or connected with a weight hanging over a pulley. This will drive the upper end firmly against the point of support.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Jourllal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St.• London E.C.

Thl: FlIlal Ambulance compeutioI1 took place in the (Jeneral lIectinO' Room, at Paddington, on April 29th, and throughout the clay many intere ted spectators, including the Chairman, officers and directors of the Company, watch cd the ht teams at work 011 their team and illdividual tcsts. ' The adjudicators were Dr. S. i\IcCormac ni :-JC\\ port, anc! J r. \\ " . J. Crawford, of Southall.

The H 1. lIon. \ ' 1 count Horne, Chairman of the COI11P,II1) pn SIded O\'cr the suhsequcnt proceedings and made the prescJ1tation' oj trophies, prizes and medal and certificate awards jor exceptionally efficient first aid rendered hy ll1l'mblfS of the staff during the year 1937. Among those upporting Lord Horne were Sir Charles Wright, Dircctor, G. Rowe, A si tant ccretary, and 1\1r. C. T. oX, DiVIsional 'uperintcndent. The result of the conte t was announced by C. A. Ault, Amhulance Centre Secretary, as follow : 1 t (Directors' Challenge 'hield), Pilning, 166 marks; 2nd (" Carvell" Cup), Westbury, 165; 3rd, S\\'indon, 148!; 4th, Aherdare, 148. 1ncl!vidual prizes were presented to members of the first four teams. Other teams were Barry (14n), Trawscoed (138), Pa ig-n ton (129) and Purton (127).

The c, Henry Butt" Challeng'e Bowl was presented to the Filtoll team, which Ilad attained the highest place of any beginners' team throughout the system. The •. Florence M. Lean" Cup, with replicas for every member o[ the team, was presented to the hrewshury Women' team by the donor, 1\lrs. J. F. Lean, wife of the former Principal Assistant to the General Manager.

Prior to the presentation of awards for exceptionally meritorious first aid, the Chairman asked Dr. H. CavenFul!er, the Company's Chief Medical Officer, to give a resume of the cases which he had selected for recognition. These were as under:

GOLD MEDAL AWARD-William E. Wilkins (Constable), Cardiff Docks.

SILVER MEDAL AWARD--William O. Burton (SiD'naIman), Strata Florida. b

MEDAL AWARD--Fr.ederick We ton (Checker), Bath; SIdney R. Almond (Leadlllg Shunter), Cardiff N e\\'town

CERTIFICATE AWARDS-Henry Morgan (Signalman J,

Lostwithiel; Georg-e Lewis (Engine Driver), eyland: John W. Haines (Coal Tipper), Barry D oc k s; William E. Harries (Blacksmith), Whitland; Lewis Davies (Assistant Wagon Repairer), Whitland; E. Rees Thomas (Fitter), Neath; Alfred Parker (Signalman), Maidenhead ; James W. Daniel (Checker), Worcester; Robert F. Silvester (Signalman), Morris Cowley; Noel M. Eschle (l\Iotor Driver), Neath; \.Villiam J. Williams (Shunter), Stoke Gifford; Harold Wakefield (Fireman), Bristol; Jim S. Amos (Shunter), Stoke Gifford.

On the proposition of Mr. T. C. A. Hodson, Div. Amb. Secretary, Oswestry, a vote of thanks was accorded to the competition judges, which was replied to by Dr. McCormac, who, on behalf of himself and his colleague, briefly commented on the work of the competitors and congratulated them on the standard displayed. The proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the Chairman, which \\'as carried with acclamati o n.

WORCESTER.-The annual distribution of ambulance trophies, prizes and examination awards to members in the Worcester Division) which took place at the Guildhall, on April 6th. Mr. F R. Potter, Superintendent of the Line, attended to make the presentations. The function was presided over by Mr. J. A. vVarren-King, District Goods Manager, who was supported by the Mayor and Mayoress of Worcester, Mr. J. Potter, Div. Supt., and two previous vVorcester divisional superintendents, Messrs. R. \\', Higgins and H. J. Peacock. Among others present were :Ylessrs. W. E. Hart, Div. Supt., Birmingham and H. S. B \Vhitley, Divisional Engineer, \Volverhampton. The chairman commented on the fact that the Company's long service gold medal was held by 140 members of the Division. l\Ir. W. J. Waite Divisional Ambu lance Secretary, presented to Ir. Peacock a cigarette box and table lighter in appreciation of his service to the ambulance movement during his term of office in the Division.

The annual competition for the "Robins Bolitho" Challenge Shield, open for teams from G. W. R. stations in West Cornwall, was held at Penzance, on April 27th, when Dr. A. M. Blackwood, of Camborne acted as adjudicator. 11r. J. H. Tippett announced result at the conclusion of the contest, as follows :-1, 77! marks; 2, St. Ives and Truro Loco. (tie), 75; 4, Truro Traffic, 67.

Mr. J. F. Anstey, Assistant District Traffic Manager, who preslded at the presentation proceedings, was suppo:ted by the l\Iayor and Mayoress (Mr. John Birch and MISS D. Han ey), and Mr. A. W. H. Christison, Div. Loco. Superintendent.

The prizes were presented by Mrs. E. H. Vi. Bolttho, WIfe of the Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall, who expressed pleasure that the trophy had come back to Penzance.

london, Midland and Scottish.

London was the venue for the final competitions of L.M.?, and these were held on May 6th, when the n111e teams of the preliminary round contested the champIOnshIp and the right to represent the Company in

the Inter-Railway and the L.lI.S. lnternational competition.

The judges were Dr. VV. H. 1\Jaguire (team), Dr. L. A. Daly (individual), and Dr. VV. DUI2can (yiYa yoce). The team te t wa staged to represent a wayside station complete with rails, signal box, stationma ter's office, etc.

The Stationma ter (No.4 of the team) wa een to he working in his office when the signalman (also a memher of the team) telephones to say that the lamp man working on the signals ha. fallen off the ladder on to the permanent way and has been" knocked-out." On examination the injured man \\'as found to have receiyed a severe jagged wound under right arm, uffering from sunstroke and al 0 a di placed cartilage in left knee.

The individual and yiYa ,"oce te ts were held in priYate. but they were of an exacting nature and taxed the first aid knowledge of all competitors.

There were many Company officials at the competitions and at the subsequent presentation of trophies. 1\1r.

AID

Edge Hill Goods, -+51 §; 8th, Blythe Bridge, 9t h , Bristol Loco, 40S.

Lady Glyn pre ented the Challenge Shield to (he winning team and also indi\'icIual prizes to (he memhers of each team. The shield for the leading team in the preliminary rOllnei was presented to Crewe \Norks l1achine Shop.

Pre entation to the Di trict Amhulance Secretaries were also made by Lady Glyn, \\ho received a cordial Yote of thanks for graciol1 1y undertaking the task of the prescn ta tions.

The \Vol\'erton team is also representing the No.2 District of the in the "Dewar" Shield COl11peti tion.

C."l\fDEX.- The Camden Station indi\·idual trophy (Ompet1t1On wa held on April 9th, the judges heing :'Ilr. G. E. Craft, of First Aid and l-Ir. G. Lear, of thL 'it) rolicc.

FIRST London and North Eastern.

011 Tuesday, April 26th, the championship teams 0 r the Great entral, Great Eastern, Great Northern and orth Eastern Centres competed for the honour of representing' the L. .E.R. in the Inter Railway Competition and also to repre cnt Englanel in the L. .E.R. International.

Dr. J. Tewton Hud on judged the team and indi\'idual work; the competitors displayed excellent understanding of the te ts.

The proceeding were graced by the presence of 1\1r. v\'. \Vhitela\\ (Chairman of the Company), 1\1r. Jenkin Jones (Di trict General York), '\1r. Spa rke (Dist rict Loco. upt.),:\1 r. A. ]. J ohllson (Asst. District upt., Sunderland), ancl other official, including Capt. W. C;oocJley, :\r.S-'. (AmlllJlance Secretary, otJthcrn Area), and :'IIr. Cooper (Amhulance Secretary, l\orth Eastern .\rea). also '\[r. T. :mith (late G.X ecrctary).

AID

six teams, winners of thei r respective Area competitions. For the second year in succession Newcastle (Tyne Dock) were adjudRed the winners. They Rained 274 marks and were followed hy Darlington (Engineer ), 20S!; Hull (Dock Engineers), 193; Leeds (Wellington Street), Middlesbrough, 181; and York (Loco.), 162.

The "Wharton" Shield, medals and "Hornsby" Ambulance Challenge Cup \vere presented hy :\1r. C. :\1. Jenkin Jones (Div. General :JIanager, York), to the successful competitors.

As may he expected with Capt. Bendix as judge, the test were of an exacting nature and taxed to the full competitors first aid knowledge.

Southern.

Bya margin of 85 marks Horsham No.1 team once aga in won the championship of the Southern Railway at the 1938 finaI$ held on May 10th. The marks gained by the

Wolverton

G. L. Darbyshire (Labour and Establishment) presided supported by The Hon. Lady Glyn, O.B.E. (wife of Sir Ralph Glyn, a director of the Company), the judges and others.

11r. Darbyshire referred to the work of the L.M.S. ambulance centre for the year ended June 30th last. For the 10 months ended April 30th, 1938, nearly 6,00() employees has passed the award. The members of the L.i\1.S. centre had, since 1925, been recognised by the Order of St. John on 380 occasions including the Knight of Grace (Sir Josiah Stamp, G.eB.), ia 1935. He extended thanks to the medical, lecturers, secretaries, committees, etc., and referred to the Anti-Gas training 110W in full s\.\ting. It was the Companys' aim to train 10 pr r cent. of the staff (about 23,000) in this important suhject. Mr. Darbyshire also compared the number of road and rail accidents.

The result of the competition was :-lst, Wolverton "A," marks; 2nd, Crewe Works (Machine Shop). 467; 3rd, Saltley Traffic, 461; 4th, Camden" A," 454; 5th, T ewton Heath Loco, 452§; 6th, Bushbury, 4SU; 7th,

1\1r. II. E. Salisbury declared the \\'l11ller, followed by S. A. Purves and W. J. 1\10rgan. The trophy \vas handed to the winller hy 1\[r. Craft, who congratulated all competitor 011 their splendid effort, especially the first year mcn. Ir. Lear also added his praise.

Mr. YV. J. Taylor acted as secretary.

GL,\SGow.-There was an attendance of 160 at the annual dance and tea of the Central Di trict EnO'ineer's Section, held on April 1st. 11r. J. P. Aitchison as Chairman and on hehalf of the Section prescnted a set of medical books to Dr. J. M cEwell Camphell as a token of appreciation of his valuable services. M r Aitchison also the gained by members during the past seSS1011. The SectlOl1 Competition prize winners were:

1st year-I, Thomas Flanagan; 2, J. Greenhorn. 2nd year-I, J. Gordon; 2, J. Crossan

When YOU wr ite to any of our Advel ti sers kindly mention FIRST AID. It doesn 't c ost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers and Us

Horsham "A" Team, Champions of the Southern Railway.

t the ('10 e of the tests apt. Goodley announced the re 'ult \\'hich ",as: I, King" Cros Loco 2-1-7.9 mark ; 2, Bi hop gate" B," 231.9; 3, Tyne Dock, 228 6; -+, Tuxford, 216.8. For the fir t time, therefore) the L.N.E.R. \\ ill be representcd by two London team.

Capt. Goodley expres ed thanks to Dr. ev,·ton H uclson, the ste\\ anls and the staffs. He also expre sed the gathering's appreciation on the presence of the Chairman of the Company.

1\lr. Cooper welcomed 1\1r. Jenkin Jones. He expre ed the regret of Dr. McBride at his inability to be pre ent.

Dr. Newton Hudson congratulated all teams on the excellent work displayed.

Mr. Whitelaw said he \Va delighted to ee the keenness still carried 011 in the ambulance work.

NORTH EASTERN AREA.

The annual competition for the ,( Wharton" hielcl ( Championship of the N.E. Area) was held on April 9th, at Da rl ington. Capt. T. E. Bendix judged the work of

twelve finalist teams showed conclusively that Horsham are indeed a championship team Their marks were 405, out of a possible 500, whi lst the last team could only obtain 198. However, practice makes perfect and by study and attention to details there is no reason why other teams should not em u late Horsham's example.

The scene depicted in the team test room was the booking hall of a S. R station with refreshment room, bookstall, booking office, exit to platforms, etc., and, as is us ual a t the Southern finals, the staging left nothing to the competitor's imaginatio n.

The story of the test was that a workman attending to a lamp in the book ing hall, stan d ing on a pair of steps, was i n conversation with a clea n er whose job it was to clean up the refreshment room. After a bandying of words the cleaner enters the ref reshment room and almost immediately an exp losion takes place wh ich not only causes fire and the w i n d ow of the room to blowout but also caused the workman to fall off his pa ir of steps. On examination the workm an was fo und to have sustained a complicated fracture of right ribs, s i mple fract ur e right femur, wound right palm

"A" Team, Winners of the L.l\l S. Competitions.

and bruise right temple. The cleaner, being by the fireman, was found to be asphyxiated and suffenng from burns right hand, wound back of hand and a fracture right scapula.

Dr. R. B. Duncan (London) and Dr. J. N. RoblOs (Ashford) jud?"ed the team w?rk, and as 18 only was the time allowed competitors had to work qUickly to complete the tasks set.

The individual tests, Judged by Dr. J. R. Hamerton, were held in private.

Throughout the day a large followed the work of the competitors and gave unstlnted encouragement at the completion of each test.

Colonel Gilbert S. Szlumper (General l\lanager and President of the S. R. Centre) presided at the presentation meeting, supported by 1\1rs. Szlumper, MISS Szlumper, the judges and officers of tht! Company:

In his remarks the chairman stated that 10 years over 41,000 awards in first aid had ?een gamed by employees of the Southern and that dunng 1937 some 35 -l00 cases had been attended. This year 118 teams had the competitions. He also referred to A. R. P., so closely allied to ambulance work, and announced that M r. F. A. Trott, captain of Horsham, had been transferred to \Vaterloo to look after this on the System.

Mr. E. A. Richards, Centre Secretary, announced the results which were :--

1. Horsham No.1, 405 marks; 2. Exmouth JunctIOn, 320' 3. Southampton Centre, 287; 4. Ashford WorksA, 270;

5. 'Wimbledon A, 2641; 6. Bricklayers' Arms,

7. Nine Elms Loco., 263; 8. Eastleigh Rng. Shed, 261 ;

9. Yeovil B, 243; 10. Redhill Loco., 2381; 11. Ashford Works No.1, 2J3; 12. West Croydon No.1, 198

Mrs. Szlumper rresented the trophies pnzes was herself presented with a bouquet by MISS D. MartlO, captain of the London Bridge women's .team.

The judges addressed the competitors and referred to some excellent work that had been done by some competitors and some not so good done by

The chairman concluded the proceedmgs by wlShlOg Horsham and Exmouth Junction good fortune in the InterRailway Final.

Poisonolls Plants.

By COLONEL C. 1. ELLIS, M.D., ETC.

(Continued from page 270.)

WE come now to an important and interesting plant of the N atu ral Order Scrophu lariace<£, viz.DIGITALIS PURPURJEA, better known as which is a corruption of Folk's-glove.;. Fairies'-glove. Its Latin name of DI.gltalis IS from d£g£tus, a finger, from the glove-like shape of the flowers.

This plant is the only British species As you all know, it is a stately plant, 2-6 feet high, with large, wrinkled, downy leaves and a tall, slightly branched, tapering raceme (an elongated axis with stalked flowers) of numerous handsome, deep rose-coloured, or white, bell-shaped flowers, which droop as they expand. inside of flower is beautifully spotted. It IS common. In woods and on railway cuttings, but does not ltke limestone soil. It is often cultivated in gardens.

AID

The leaves yield a valuable heart medicine, is, however, poisonous in large and It has cumulative effects if small doses are given over too lengthy a period. The leaves have a bitter taste and when dry smell like tea-leaves.

COLCHICUM Autumn Crocus or Meadow Saffron. The appellation crocus is a misnomer as it belongs to the Natural Order LILIACE.£. This plant must not be confused with another (real) Autumn Crocus (CROCUS NUDIFLORUS)

flowerinO' in September and October and found growing b in the English The under consideration shows leaves In the Spring (March) and flowers in September and October. Its leaves and fruit are poisonous to cattle, etc. The seeds contain a bitter alkaloid Colchicine and a trace of Veratr£ne.

Both the corm and the seeds are used in medicine, especially to relieve the pain of acute gout. The corms and seeds have been for onions with fatal results. I ts flowers are light purple, or white, presenting no difference from real crocuses except their SIX stamens, crocuses have only three. The real crocuses,. too, belong to the Natural Order CO.lchlcum Autumnale is found in meadows, especIally on limestone soil, in the area bound by VJ estmorland and Durham in the North to Somerset and Sussex in the South, also in Ireland. The purple crocus of our gardens (Crocus Vernus) produces leaves and blossoms at the same time, in February or

PAPAVER SOMNIFERUl\1. White or Opium Poppy. Opium, with its important derivatives. is obtained from poppies grown in the East, those of European growth yield little. of the The opium is obtained by t.he unripe capsules and collecting the JUice which exudes and hardens. Its action is narcotic, that is, producing sleep or stupor. In small it is a most useful drug, in unqualtfied admInistration it is a dangerous poison and its continued and uncontrolled use may lead to insanity.

SENECIO JACOBOEA (Common Ragwort). This plant is found growing abundantly in waste from June to September. Cattle and horses aVOid it except under stress of hunger, ?ut when Ragwo:t is mixed up as often happens, In crops of hay It becomes a' real danger to them, for in the dry state it engenders a deadly alkaloidal poison all the more dangerous because it may be six weeks before the symptoms develop and the. animal, which has eaten it, is found to be sufferIng from incurable cirrhosis of the liver and intestinal inflammation. In the Agricultural Act of 1920 it is scheduled as an injurious weed.

MUSCARINE (Fungi). There are at least 28 edible fungi which grow in Great Britain, but some are poisonous, two dozen, at least, are known

FlRST

to be dangerous. The following facts will help readers to discriminate between edible Common Mushrooms and Poisonous Fungi. The Mushroom has the following characteristics :-

(1) A pleasant aroma; (2) peels easily; (3) a creamy-white top; (4) is pale pink underneath with gills to match; (5) its stem is stout, white and solt'd; (6) it has a membraneous ring in the middle of its stem or towards its top.

Poisonous Fungi (Toad-stools, etc.) have :-

(1) White gills which do not touch the stem; (2) near the top of the stem is a thin ring or frill and at the bottom a loose sheath or vulva; (3) their stems are hollow; (4) their colour is unusual; anything but creamy-white; (5) they have an unpleasant smell.

(To be concluded.)

British Red Cross SOCiety.

TilE final comretitions for the" Stanley" Shields were held in London on \Vednesday, May 4th, when eight ,,,,omen's and five men's teams contested the home of the shields for the next twelve months. These teams had all passed through a serie of rreliminary rounds and represented ::;omc 1,235 detach ments.

The competition hall presented a crowded appearance from the commencement of thc tests, and during the afternoon there wa little room in which to move about.

As i usual, all individual tests were in private, but both team te ts were staged and rarts acted well by the supposed patients and bystanders.

The scene in the men's test was that of a village fair. The organ of the merry-go-round stopped suddenly and two persons were thrown off and severely iniured, One sustained a dislocated right elbow and had severe arterial hremorrhage in the right temporal region, whilst the other had a fractured pelvis.

In the sudden uproar a flimsy tent of a fortune teller collapsed and caused her to become hysterical, whilst a client was knocked unconscious. Twenty minutes was allowed to complete treatment. iany competitors found the handling of the female ratients somewhat awkward, but none the less some excellent work was displayed.

I n the women's test the scene represented a cottage in a village street, comprising living room and scullery with a telephone kiosk just outside. The teams were supposed to be returning from practice when a young woman pushing a perambulator asks the time. She volunteered the remark that "Auntie was not very well - she's that depressed." After a momentary pause a cry was heard. The same young lady had lipped on the doorstep and knocked over the pram. She kept repeating "Auntie is dead in there" ; and on investigation Auntie was found in the scullery with her head in the gas oven and suffering from carbon-monoxide poisoning. The niece had a fractured patella and colles' fracture, left arm; and the baby, who was thrown out of the pram, received a graze on the head and face. Thirty minutes was allowed to render first aid and home nursing.

During the afternoon, H. R. H. The Princess Royal, Commandant-in-Chief, arrived at the function and was welcomed by Sir Edward Stewart, K. B. E., M. D. (Deputy Cha irman), Dame Beryl Oliver, Mrs. Doyne and 1\1r. F. C. Davies (Secretary).

AID 293

Her Royal Highness witnessed two men's and two women's teams at work, and paid great interest and attention to the details of the tests.

At the subsequent presentation ceremony, at which Sir Arthur Stanley, C. B. E., C. B. (Chairman of the Executive Committee and donor of the Shields), was present, Dame Beryl Oliver announced the results as follows :_

Women's" Stanley" Shield.-1st, Denbigh 12 (Colwyn Bay), 823 marks; 2nd, Kent / 60 (Chislehurst), 765; 3rd, City of Edinburgh / H (Edinburgh), 741i. Other teams were Isle of Wight / 100, Devon / 64, Angus / 4. Essex / 128 and Cheshire / 24.

"Evelyn Wren" Cup (best Leader, Women's teams).Miss Murton (Kent/60).

"G. E. Morgan" Bowl (hest 1ember, Women's teams). -1\1iss Symon (Angus / 4).

Men's "Stanley" Shield.-1st, ottinghamshire j 15 (Kirkby-in-Ashfield), 787 marks; 2nd, City of Glasgow 7 (Glasgow), 721; 3rd, East Lancashire 33 (Manchester, Longsight), 677. Other teams were Glamorgan / 33 and County of London / 37.

" Margaret Gordon Harker" Cup (best Leader, Men's teams).-Mr. Rickett (Notts / iS).

"Lt.-Col. R. M. West" Cup (best iember, Men's teams).-Mr. Grice (Natts / 15). This trophy was a new one rresented this year.

Her Royal Highness, in presenting the trophies and medals, said: "It is a great pleasure to present the awards and to congratulate the winners. They have shown to-day that they are really well qualified, and I would ask them to use their knowledge to spread Red Cross work. I am very glad to hear of the good advance in numbers, and particularly in first aid in Chemical Warfare. We have now over 37,000 people trained, of whom 251 are instructors trained at a Civilian Anti-Gas School and 72 at the l\lilitary Anti. Gas School.

"Owing to the unsettled state of the world," continued Her Royal Highness, C'it is more than ever important to have a large body of trained Voluntary Aid Detachments, and we must not relax our efforts to increase our numbers wherever and whenever possible."

Dame Beryl Oliver announced that, owing to illness, the County of London / 72 had been forced to scratch the night before the competition, ar.d that the "Vest Wight team had taken their place at the very last minute.

Thanks to the Princess Royal for her presence was expressed by Sir Arthur Stanley; whilst the judges were thanked on the motion of Sir Edward Stewart. Dame Beryl Oliver and her staff were also thanked for their splendid organisation.

The 1938 competitions were brought to a successful conclusion by the giving of three hearty cheers to Her Royal Highness.

It must be mentioned that the winning men's team ( otts 15) also won the championship in 1934, 1935 and 1937.

The Fete and Carnival of the Brighouse Hospitals' Committee will be held on June 25th next and will, as usual, include ambulance competitions for teams. Particulars can be obtained from Mr. J - R. Saunders, Industrial-street, Brighouse, Yorks.

The St. Andrew's Ambulance Association has undertaken to provide ambulance facilities during the whole period of the Empire Exhibition, Glasgo ". Numerous stations have been erected in the grounds and personnel will work in relays from 10 a. m. to 11 p. m.

Police Ambulance News.

lETROPOLITAN.

On Thursday, April 28th, " F " Division held its annnal Inter-::itation competition. Five teams competed, the work being judged by Dr. Thomas, Deputy Surgeon (team), and Mr. G. E. Craft, of FIRST AID (individual).

In this competition no member of the competed but all competitors showed remarkable sloB 111 handling the cases set them.

The team test was a supposed road accident, the competitors' car knocking down a man who sustained a fractured clavicle, bleeding from left palm with glass in the wound, a fractured patella, and suffered from concussion for two minutes.

In the individual tests Nos. 1 and 2 had to deal with a patient suffering from compound fracture of leg and simple fracture on right side; Nos. 3 and 4, a man suffering from smple fracture clavicle and arterial hremorrhage from hand.

Chief Inspector Elliott presided at the subsequent presentation function and announced the results as follows: 1st, Chiswick, 215 marks; 2nd, Hammersmith" A," 190 ; 3rd, Kensington "A," 189t Highest individual pair, P.c.'s Lake and Gro\'e (Nos. 3 and -I- of Kensington" A").

The chairman presented the Divisional cup to the win ning team whilst prizes for the members of the three teams and also the individual prizes were presented by 1\1rs. Fraser.

Chief Inspector Elliott thanked the judges for their assistance, Inspector Shirley for organising the competition, the patients and ste\vards.

The judljes, in a brief reply, criticised the work of the competitors and congratulated them on their excellent display.

Officers of the Division present at the competltlOn included Supt. Stewart, Chief Inspector Shepherd, Sub. Di\,. Inspectors Fraser and Parramore, and others.

It was announced during the proceedings that P.C. Ransom had been admitted as a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John.

On Saturday, April 23rd, the annual "C" Division competition for the" Dalton-Sag-ar Musgrave" trophy was held at Peel House.

Four teams competed, one representing each station of the "C" Division Regular Police and one team of the Special Constabulary.

The competition consisted of individual and team tests which were judged by District Staff Officer Captain L. L. Franks (individual) and District Officer J. Fitch (team) both Officers of the No.1 District, S.] .A. B.

The competition was witnessed by a number of persons including Chief Constable Dalton and Corr:mandant Sagar Musgrave (joint donors of the trophy).

The competition resulted as follows :-1st, VlOe-street Station, 213 marks; 2nd, Special Constabulary, 210 ; 3rd, Tottenham Court-road Station, 205; 4th, Great Marlboroughstreet Station. Highest individual pair :-Nos. 1 and 2 of Vine-street team.

At the conclusion, Chief Constable Dalton addressed the gathering and thanked the judges for their very kind assistance, and presented the trophy to the winning team. H e then called upon Commandant Sagar Musgrave who stated that it was always a very great pleasure to be present at these competitions. He presented individual to ber of the 1st and 2nd teams and to the hIghest paIr 10 the individual test.

METROPOLITAN SPECIAL CONSTABULARY.

The ;"letropolitan Special Constabulary's annual first

aid competitions were he ld at Peel Ho u se, on Apri l 10th. Sir Wa l ter Alle n , Commandant-in-Chief, and Commandant Ernest Brown, Director of A. R. P. and Ambulance Training, "were present throughout the day, and it was stated that more than two tho u sand five hundred oOlcers and men of the Force now hold St. John qualifications and the Commandant-in-Chief's A R. P. certificate.

Twenty-five Divisional teams took part, a record number, and the work was judged by Capt. '-\T Goodley, Capt. A. C. White Knox, Capt. F. E. Bendix, Capt. H. A. Fenton, Capt. W. A. Rees and lajor E. J. Selby, of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

The COlnmandant-in-Chief announced the results as follows :-

Senior Competition. - 1st, "P" Division (the holders), marks, 2nd, " R" Division, ; 3rd, "V" Division, 200 ; maximum marks, 350.

Junior Competition. - 1st, Business Houses No.1 Division, 182 marks; 2nd, " Til Di vi ion, 177 ; 3rd, "J" Division, ; possi ble marks, 300.

The "Gollin" cup and miniatures ""ere awarded to " P II Di\'ision' the "St. Clair II cup and medals to " R " Division; the "Ritchie" cup and medal to Busines _ No. 1 Division; bronze medal to" T" Division; and the cup offered recently hy Commandant Brown to the Division with the percentage of first ::tid certificates to Business Houses 1 Division, who e percentage is 61. The awards were presented by Air Vice Marshal ir Philip Game, Commissioner of Police, at a parade att nded by representatives of all Di\ isions on April 24th.

OPEN COr.lPETITIONS. - The following competitions arc advertised in this issue: - Brierfield "Tun till" Shield (men) and" Veevers" Rose Bowl (women), to he held on June 11th; Royal Halifax Infirmary Demonstration and Gala" Ald. \Vhillaker" Shield, on June 1 't h ; Brig-hOllse Infirmaries and IIo pita!:,' Annual Fde and Carnival, on June 25th; Eiland Demonstration and Gala" Dempster II Shield, July 6th.

CATALOGUE OF BooKs. -l\ lessrs. E. c S. Living-stone, of 16 and 17, Teviot-place, Edinburgh, 1, have recently issued their 1938 catalogue of books referring to medical and allied subjects. The subjects cO\'cred include Anatomy, Bacteriology and Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Hygiene, Nursing, and many others of interest to fir aiders. Readers can obtain a copy of the catalogue on application to the publishers, mentioning this Journal.

CUPS, MEDALS, ETC.-For many years l\Iessrs. J. A. Wylie & Co., Ltd., of Holborn Viaduct, London, E.C.i, have advertised their specialities in this Journal. Now another firm, recoIT,menJed by satisfied clients, are taking ad"antage of ou r large circulation to bring their specialities before our readers. Messrs. Alexander Clark Co. Ltd., of 38, Leadenhall-street, London E. C. 3, will be pleased to forward illustrated catalogue on application

F LAG DAYS .-The attention of the g e neral public to your needs can be attracti v ely arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Fl ag Da y and other activities . Samples will be sent on request.

An ambition worthy of,yOU.

·

Bring relief to suffering and financial success to humanity yourself.

Turn your knowledge of First Aid to profitable account and become a qualified operator in Swedish Massage.

S:vedish 1\Iassage and Joint Manipulation as taught by the postal method of the Smae Institute (the of its kind in the British Isles) offers you the opportunity to get out of ,t!1e rut and gives you an expert training in a specialised profession.

I here are men and women to - day who a t one time we r e employed in various Inadequately paId pOSItIOns but who were keen enough to take up the excellent training of the St. J oh n Am bu lance Corps, giving thei r services wi Ilingly and O'ratu i tousl y for the benefit of the general public. 5

As a tof r interest in Fi rstAid matters they read the S M AE Institute's advertisements WIth keen Interest and decided to increase their knowledge in Physical Treatment. To them the Course was easy to learn and a highly profitable field of unlimited SCOpe was opened up

Start in a Practice of your own.

.\tthe end of their short period of training theyhad earned the Institute's and finally .up their poorly paid jobs and set up in practice on tbel: own-qualIfied 10 massage and joint manipulation. To-day they enJoy the status and remuneration of a professional worker.

There are hu.ndreds of p.rospective clients around you and your time will be filled by profitable appollltments made for you by Medical Practitioners l ur ing Homes, Ho pitals, Athletic Clubs, and pri\'ate patients ever you live.

The Institute is the oldest establi hed I nstitute of it kind in the British

1 o.oti1e r similar teaching college has a more highly qualified Tutorial ::>taff 10 thIS country, nor a more up-to-date Executive Staff to deal with the general aff::tirs of a modern institute.

H i ghest paid Workers in the realIrl of Massage other teaching- college can offer better bona - fides of its StarT, nor offer greater prospects for its graduates

l\lost of the successful masseurs and masseuses in Great Britain have ?een trained bytheSMAE Institute, a.nd represent the highest-paid workers I!1 the realm of ma.ssaf?'e-further-It. guarantees to coach you until successful at the eXal11l!1atlOn and your DIploma secured, or return fees in full.

To The Secretary, The SMAE Institute, Leatherhead

Please send me w ithout obliga' tlOn, a copy of your free Booklet "Manipulative Therapy as a Profession. " Nalne

THIS FREE BOOK

tells you how youcan commence yourtr3.ining in Swedish Massage in your own home, without interfering with your present occupation, how you can start a practice of your own, and all yo u have to know to estab li sh yourself i n a c ongenia l and p rofi tab l e pr ofe s sion .

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPI L ED BY AN AMBULANCE S ISTER.

No. 1 DISTRI CT, S. I.A. B.

The District Final Competitions were held on April 2 3 rd, the results of those open to members of Nursing Divisions being: -

"MacFadden" (open to teams).-1, Hampstead; 2, \\.7hitehall ; 3, East Ham; 4, Civil 8crvice.

" 1\lountgarret" (bedmaking). - 1, East Ham; 2, Wimbledon and Merton; 3, Civil Service; 4, Hampstead ; 5, Harrow.

" Brooks" Effi c iency. -Finchley and Southgate. Nursing Bowl (individual).-A / S. "'.,T. Bulton, No. 39 (Temple) Nursing Division.

" Macrae" Cup (Nursing Cadets).-C. N.1S, Harrow.

The trophies and prizes were presented by Mrs. Goodley.

OAl c ers and members are invited to undertake resident duty at the National Temperance Hospital, London, or at the Kent County Aural and Opthalmic Hospital, Maidstone. I n both cases board and lodging will be providpd at the hospital, washing will be paid for, where travellin<Y expenses will be refunded. Members will be cxpectel' to carry out the ordinary routine work of the hospital and the hours wiJl be the same as for the rest of the hospital staff.

It is desirable that the same member should undertake duty for two months at least, if possible, members accepted for one month or six weeks being expected to pay part of their tra yelling expenses.

Vacancies occur from any date now to the end of September. Officers in charge of Divisions are asked to submit names of volunteers to Lady District Supt. Miss Walker, stating address, approximate age, period fo: which the member is available and whether or not she wIshes to have her travelling expenses paid.

Shoreditch Nursing Division celebrated its six.th birthday with a party at Divisional Headquarters on April 27th. Lady District Supt. Miss Walker, District Officers T. fcBride, Capt L. L. Franks, N. Burton, G. C. Green and their ladies, Lady District Officer Miss Masson, and Mr. G. E. Craft, Editor of FIRST AID, were among those who honoured the Division with their presence.

An enjoyable evening was spent in games and dancing by the seventy people who were there.

No.2 DISTRI CT , S.j.A.B. COMPETITIONS AT CHELTENHAM. -Competitions were held at Cheltenham Ambulance Headquarters among Nursing Divisions of G oucestershi r e for the" Lady Bledis loe " Cup for team work and the" Caruthers - Litt le" Bedmaking Cup. Dr. Shepherd judged the team test; the Matron of Tewkesbury Hospital, home nursing; and Miss jones, The Park Nursing Home, bedmaking.

The winners of the "Lady Bledisloe" Cup were Cheltenham Central Nursing Division, and of the be dmaking, A/ S. Miss Sansom and Mrs. Wratha ll of Cheltenham Nursing Division.

Trophies were presented to the winne r s by M r s.

S leeman, wife of Colonel J L. Sleeman, Chief Commissioner fo r the Brigade Overseas, who is at prese n t inspect i ng u nits i n South Africa.

After the p r ocet:dings, a vote of thanks was passed to Mrs. Sleeman, the judges, patients, and all \\ ho had contributed to the success of the evening.

BOURNEMOUTH N URSING DIVISION. - For the se c ond year in succession the competition for the "' Birtt" Cup, open to all members of the Division, took place at the residence of 1\1 iss 1\looring Aldridge, \\Testover, II Bournemouth.

In face of keen competition, the cup was \\ ' on by A S. R. Poynter; the next three in order of marks, who al 0 received prizes, being A/ S. Irs. E. K. M. Atkins, 1\[iss N. Chapman and 1\1iss A. Hillier.

The judge for the first aid test was :\\ r tanlel', and Lady Corps Officer Irs. Wilson for the hom nursing. The prizes were kindly presented by Irs. K R. Wilson.

BOS COr.lBE NVRSING CADET DI\ ISION. - One of the two teams from this Division competing in the County competitions, held at Portsmouth, won the cup for the best performance of first aid of any team in the County. The cup was presented by the Hon. 1\1 rs. \Vhittaker.

The other team came second. C o ngratulation s t o this Division!

No.4 DISTRICT, S.j.A. B. LI\'ERP00L CORPS. - The second annual home nursing competit ion took place on Saturday, April 30th, at the Brigade Headquarters, Liverpool, the entrants being members of the \'ar ious Divisions of the Liverpool Corps. The award was the silver cup presented by Charles Porter Esq., Serving Brother of the Order of St. John, and President of the Live r pool South Division.

The judges were Dr. Helen M. Duval, Divisional Surgeon at the Sefton Nursing Division, Miss Evans loss, of Walton Hospital, and Miss Dams, Junior Sister Tutor of the Royal Infirmary.

Mr. Charles POI ter, on presenting the cup to the winners, A/ S, Miss A. Nickson and 1\1iss M. N. V. Page, of the Liverpoo l Nursing Division, remarked on the comprehensiveness and the great value to the community of the nurses' work. It was of a national character, and he hoped others would be induced to join the Brigade and take up the spirit of competit ion which makes for efficiency. Last year's winne r s we r e not winners of to- d ay.

Ni n e tea m s competed, A / S Miss Nickson an d Miss Page gaini n g 134 marks; the run n ers-up, A/ S Miss E. Lythgoe a nd Miss D Corica, of Exc h a n ge N ur sing Div ision, 1 29 ma r ks

CHEADLE AND CHEADLE HEATH NURSING DIV ISION. - T he death took place, on April 1 1 th, of Mrs. Mabel C h alone r w ife of Lieut.-Col. W. C h a lo n er, O.B.E., J .P., a n d t h e Lady P resi d ent of this Divisio n T he d eceased La d y was a lso assoc iate d w it h the I nn er •

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Wheel of the Rotary Club, and a member of the Committee of the Offerton Boys'School. She helped her husband in his work on the Finance Committee of the Stockport Infirmary, as well as with his duties as Cheshire County Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigad<>.

The Nursing Division in particular and all members of the Brigade in the County, as well as all others with whom she served in the aood works in which she was interested, have lost a good Irientl, whose passing they will sincerely mourn.

No.5 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

NORTHERN AREA, WEST RIDING OF YORKSIITRE.-The Area Competitions open to Nursing Divisions were held at Harrogate, on April 2nd, nine teams competing. .,

When the tests had been complt!ted, Lady District Supt. :Mrs. Birkbeck took the chair, She congratulated them on their work of that afternoon, and said she had a very areat admiration for all who had entered for the

In the near future a greater need for skilled work might arise. She referred to air raid precautions. If war came, they knew would be a rush of recruits for their work, but it was necessary that training should begin now.

The results of the competitions were announced as follows ;-

" 10untgarret" Cup.-1, York 26-+i marks.

" Herdman" Cup.-Harrogate, 254 ft marks.

Bedmaking.-Rowntrees and York City (tie), each to hold the cup for six months.

The remaining teams were placed Acomb I, 228; Acomb II, 225t; Scholes, 220; York City II, 215 ; York City 111, 197 ; Rowntrees Ii, 194.

Lieut.-Col. Scatterty, Assistant Commissioner, thanked Lady Ingilby for presenting the awards, to which she replied in a short speech of congratulation to those who entered, and of admiration for all who belonged to the st. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade.

BIRKIN CUP COMPETITION.-Four teams took part in the Area Competition for the" Birkin" Cup at the University College, Nottingham, on April 9th, with the following results ;-

1, Central, 255; 2, City, 238 ; 3, Mappedey, 199; 4, Sutton-in-Ashfield, 1821I n presenting the trophy, Mr. A. Warrington, President of the Bulwell Nursing Division, said that in these days of many road accidents it was important that there should be people who were able to deal with emergencies. She congratulated the Central team on their win that day.

COMPETITION AT DON CASTER. - The" Pickering" Shield

Competition was held at Doncaster, on Saturday, April 2nd, the winning team being Denaby with points out of a possible 200. Bullcroft gained Thorne 116l, and Rossington 114.

Dr. J Anderson, of Stainforth, assisted by Dr. E. E. Dufty, of Maltby, judged the tests.

The shield and prizes were presented by Mrs. W. Glossop, of Bramwith, who also handed scarf pins to the members of the Bullcroft team.

WETHERBY CADETS. - A team from the Wetherby Nursing Cadet Division met with great success at a competition for Cadet Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, held at Bingley, on Saturday, April 23rd.

Seven teams competed from the Nursing Divisions, and \Vetherby came in first with an easy win of 18 marks over the seconJ team, which came from Keighley. This achievement is a great credit to them and to their Lady Div. Supt.

AID

as the Division was only formed six months ago. They received a Stave presented by Mrs. Scatterty, which they hold for a year. To each member of the team was also given a small g-ift.

HARROGATE NURSING its many other activities this Division has been taking a course of study in air raid precautions, following which 23 certificates, 7 vouchers and 1 Grade II instructor's certificate have been awarded'as a result of examination.

No.7. DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.

The District Competitions were held at Shrewsbury, on Saturday, April 9th.

Oswestry gained first place with 34S! marks. Hereford were the runners-up with 322l, and Shrewsbury No.1 and No.2 teams were third and fourth with 317 and 310! marks respectively.

The "Exham" Cup, awarded to the team with the highest marks in the individual test was also won hy Oswestry.

Nursing Cadet Divisions competed for the cup whIch had been presented by Lady Forester. Entries were from Hereford, Iron-Bridge, and Madeley, the latter entering two teams. Hereford won the cup.

The judges of the various te ts were Miss Bedingfield, of the Royal Salop Infirmary, f\lrs. Houghton, Dr. Egan , Dr. Houghton and Dr. Johnston.

At the conclusions of the competitions, Lady Forester presented the awards. Among the large number of spectators were the Mayor and l\1 ayoress of ShrL\\'sbury.

IRISH FREE STATE DISTRICT, S.J. \. B.

The Annual Competitions for Nursing Di\ i ions wer e held at Brigade Headquarters, Dublin, on April 9 th. The results were as follows ;-

Irish ""omen's Challenge Cup.-1, Harcourt No.1 team, 202 marks; 2 , City of Dublin, 1 7] ; .I, Harcourt l\ o. 2 team, 184!.

Dr. Webb's Cup for Novices. - 1, Cit)' of Dublin, 2, St. Patrick, 1S7!

Individual Cup.-The competition for this was held on the previous Thursday, the results being; 1, A . 1. l\lcNeill, City of Dublin Nursing Division; 2, A A Curry, City of Dublin Nursing Division; 3, Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Summers, Harcourt Nursing Division. The cup was not awarded. The shield for the novice with the highest marl{s was gained by A/ S. A. Curry.

V.A. D. INSPECTIONS.

Devon V.A. D. 122 (Paignton) had its War Office inspection last month, the Inspecting OOicers being Bigadier-General Edwards and Major Alexander, R.A. I.C. Lady County Supt. Miss Hardie Jac1{son represented the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Brig.-Cenl. Edwards congratulated the Detachment on turning out with only three absentees, and in his remarks outlined the duties of the mobile and immobile members. He warned the members that in a national emergency the services of all of them would be wanted, as there was to be a large general hospital in the vicinity of Torquay capable of admitting from 600 to 2,000 casualties. This would take much staffing. He also urged the formation of an A. R. P. Auxiliary.

Major Alexander said he was pleased to inspect Devon 122 for the second time. He found the standard of work very high, and specially congratulated the members on their proficiency in home nursing. He considered the Detachment the he had so far inspected.

Among those present were Mr. R. Butland, Chairman of the S.J.A.A., and Mrs. Demetriadi, President of the Nursing Division.

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Veevers Rose Bowl (for ladles) Competitions will be held on 1938. Entrance fees; S/ - men (team) and 1 /ladles (lOdlvldual). Entry ferms from Amb. Officer W. Howker, S.]. A. B. Headquarters, Crabtree-street, Brierfield.

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- The annual OPEN Ambulance Competition for a Silver Challenge Cup and valuable prizes will be held on Saturday, June 25th, 1938. Entry forms and particulars on application to Ambulance Officer James R. Saunders, 4, Industrial-street, Brighouse, Yorks.

ELLAND DEMONSTRATION AND GALA. - Ambulance Competition for the "Dempster" Ambulance Shield will take place on Saturday, July 9th, 1938. First three prizes to the value of £10; if more than 20 entries four prizes. Three special prizes will be awarded to the individual competitors gaining the highest number of marks outside the prize winning teams. Entries close July 6th, 1938. Open to all teams, Association or Briaad€'. Entry forms on application to H. Horsfall, 30, George-street Elland, Yorks. Cheap fares L.l\l. S. Rly. N. B.-Elland Brigade will not com rete.

Que ri es and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Quer ies will be deall with under the following rules :-

i.-Letters containing Queries must be markt:d on the top left-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, -+6, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon " cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column, is the 38th (1928) Edition or S.].A. :\. l\Ianual of First Aid.

SCHAFER'S ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

H. S. (Berne, Switzerland).-\-Vhen I rl:'ad in FIRST AID that a new edition of your Textbook had recently been published, I at once sent for a copy '",hich 1 received to-day.

N ow I am just a little bit astonished to find that Schafer's Method of Artificial Respiration has been altered in its diagrams as well as in the text. So J venture to ask why your Revision Committee has changed over from the astride to the aside position. I fully agree that for women and any individuals who are under average height, it might be difficult to straddle the patient and at the same time to kneel comfortably on the ground. Nevertheless it will seem very queer if I (who have for so long taught the members of the Swiss Red Cross Society to straddle the patient) no v suddenly change my instructions and tell them that they must kneel beside the patient. Secondly, the revised Textbook says that the hands must be placed just clear of the top of the pelvis I have always taug11t my students to place their hands in such a position that their little fingers just touch the ends of the 12th rib and not to go as low as the hip bones.

As I am just about to publish a new edition of my small booklet on Artificial Respiration, I find myself in rather an awkward predicament; and so I ask you to tell me which method is right and what are your views on the matter. Meanwhile please accept my grateful thanks for your help on this occasion as in the past.

With infinite wisdom our Revision Commiltee decided to join hands with the Roy l Life Saving Society which has made a special and intensive study of the various methods of artificial respiration for many years. The result is that the St. John Ambulance Association has discarded the method of artificial respiration which it introduced into the previous (38th) edition of its Textbook and that to-day the two great organisations, most interested in the matter in this country, are teaching one and the same method-a most commendable decision. So here are the facts :-

As you know, Professor Schafe r brought out his method in 1903, and taught that the ()perator shou ld kneel either at the side of or astride the patient an d that he sho u ld sp r ead out his fingers with his thumbs held at r ight ang l es to the fingers. He also taught that artificial respi r ation should be carried out for prolonged periods Experience dow n the years has taught the Royal Life Saving Society that-especially when the patient is bigger than the operator-the astride position (as you yourself agree) i nvolves considerable strain on the th igh (adductor) muscles and consequently on the

AID

knees of the operator, if it is maintained continuous ly fo r a n hour or more, as l1lay well be ) n view of facts the method no\\' taug-Ill is Jlot the 190:1 method /Jltt lILt' lIIetlzod 'Zulzicll Schafer appr07'l'd /n 7<)3 1

It is agreed by a ll that lhe astride positio n is slightly more efTicient than the aside provided that the operator is taller and bigger than the patienl and provided that lhe operator, when beginning to feel lired, can be relic\'ed by relays of assistants For continuous action, however, and when lhe operator must carryon thc movements alone and single handed, the aside position i preferable because it allows the lower lim bs of lhe operator to relain their natura l relat onship and does not involve strain on the thigh muscles. The argument that the aside position makes pres ure uneven fails because, aftel- all, the object desired is to force organs w i thin the abdomen up against the diaphragrn. S i milarly the hands of the operator arc now placed in their natural relationship upon the patient's loins just clear of the crest of the iliac bon('s, the lIngers in opposition and curling round the IQ\.\'eSL ribs. Here again muscular elTort is saved and so the movements can be carried out ellicientl\' over a much longer period.Finally, the diagrams in the Re, ised Textbook are correct, and the photographs w('re taken under the personal uper\'ision of [\lr. A. C. P. Hanuo\,er who conducted the negotiations with our Revision Committee on behalf of the Royal Life Saving CORBET FLETCHER.

HOWLER.

H.R. (Oxfo[(1)-10 a recent nursing examination I asked one candidate to tell me how he would nurse a patient suffering from a simple fracture of thf! leg. \Vhcn she replied" Great care should be pxcercised not to mo, 'e the patient unduly, and lit' slzould 1lt'7.',r bt'/illt'll," 1 \\a much amused. Indeed I was tempted to gi\'e full marks!

Good! please! !- •. C. F.

SIL\'ESTE R'S ARTIFICIAL RESPIR \TION.

H.S. (Berne, Switzerland).-Do you not think that the diagram of Silvester's l\lethod of artitlcial re piration as shown in the revised Textbook is wrong? The operator is shown pressing the upper arms of the patient downwards on to the sternum and the ribs with the result that too much pressure is transmitted to the ribs. 1 teach the members of the Swiss Red ross Society that it is easier, less tiring and more efficient if the ope r ator grasps the patient's forearms nl'ar the elbow, bends them and pulls on the upper limbs in such a way that he produces full expansion of thorax This done, I teach that he should then bring the patient'S forearms sideways down on to the ribs on wh ich pressure should be gently but firmly exerted rather than crosswise as shown in the diagram.

The diagram seems to me to be correct. Moreover if the patient's forearms are grasped just be low the elbow, thei r press u re is, in fact, exerted on the ribs and not, as you suggest, c r osswise ac r oss the chest wal l. -N. C. F.

DEFINITION or PRESSURE POINT

P S. (Bradfo r d).-As the Textbook does not attempt any definition of a pressure point and as we have t ri ed u nsuccessfully to formulate one for ou r selves, we vent ure to ask you r kind assistance o n ce again.

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It is curious that the Textbook d oes not attempt any definition of a pressure point and equally curio u s that cannot find such in any of the \\'orks of surgery at my command. So, no\\' that you ha\'e set me the task of finding a definition, I can well imagine your difficulties. HO\,vever, here goes :" A pressure point is the exact point along the course of an artery at which the ollward flow of blo?d. the vessel can be most effectively checked by dlg-Ital or mstrumental pressure." - N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF CONCUSSION.

B. E. (Worksop).-In regard to the treatment of Concussion is it correct to apply ice or cold water to the head continuously, as tated on page 164 of the new Textbook? Also is it correct to lower the head and shoulders on account of the face being pale, as stated in the Chapter on Insensibility?

As applying cold to the head would to decrease the blood supply to the head and lowerIng head increase it, will you please inform me of the objects of treatment.

It is perfectly correct according to the Textbook other authorities to lower the head and shoulders of a patient suffering from Concussion. because by reason of up II of the brain there is a deficiency of blood 10 the bram and we hope that the suggested position of the patient will tend to supply the brain with more blood.

I t is also perfectly correct according to the Textbook to apply cold applications continuously to the head of su.ch a patient, although in these columns I have several tunes expressed my disagreement with this treatment and I h.ave asked the first aiders, who have to treat me for ConcussIOn, to be good enough to omit the application of cold to my head.-N.C.F.

QUANTITY OF BLOOD IN BODY.

J. B. (Stroud).-Reverting to my query c.oncerning amount of blood in the human body, whIch appeared 10 the April issue of FIRST AID, I should explain that it was in consequence of the various methods of calculation and the varieties of answers given that I decided to refer the question to you.

In the meantime I consulted other authorities, including Blacks Medical Dictionary, which says :-

" There is about one pound of blood for every 14 pounds in total body weight. So that a fairly heavy person has 12 to 14 pounds, or about 5! pints."

Noticing the great disparity between the B. R. C. S. Manual and Blacks Medical Dictionary, I decided also to write to Dr. ]. D. Comrie, Editor of the Medical Dictionary referred to, and received the following reply, which may be of interest to readers of FIRST AID :-

"This matter is variously stated by different authorities and according to the method in which the calculation has been made, all calculations depending upon very complicated chemical processes.

"The old figure calculated from the amount of blood in some smaller animals and from a few observations made on executed criminals, was that the amount of blood in the body was roughly 1/ 13 of tota l weight.

"I note that Professor Samson Wright in his , Applied Physiology,' published in 1936, says Roughly speaking, the total blood volume is 1 / 11 of the body weight, or about 6 litres in the average adult,' that is about 10 pints. Professor Haldane. however, who was one of the greatest British authorities on the blo?d, :.lsing a different method of estimation, put the fractlOn

AID

at about 1/ 20 of the body weight, and still less in fat people, in whom it might be as little as 1/ 30. This would make the figure about one-half ""hat I have above, or a little Over 5 pints.

"To sum up, I think if one is making a general statement, it would be well to say that the amount of blood varies from 5 to 10 pints depending upon the weight of the person, but being reJati\'ely Jess in stout than in thin people.'"

We thank you for your Jetter which we have pleasure in pu bl ishing for the interest. of our read:rs. As, 1;0,":ever the matter is not stnctly one With whIch first aId IS we will now drop th e subject.-EDITOR.

RHYTHM OF SCHAFER'S 1ETHOD.

W.G. (Bowburn).-V\,lould you kindly favour us with,ro,ur opinion on the question of the treatment of ArtIfiCIal Respiration? The timing- of the movement as stated in the Revised Textbook (p. 151) is "pressure two seconds and relaxation three seconds," which is quite the reverse to the older method previously stated in earlier editions.

Thanking you for your valued help and wishin g every success.

As I explain elsewhere in this issu e, chafe r' has been considerably modified since it was first publ.lc in 1903. So it is evident that the rhythm also I altered 111 the 1931 Schafer's i\lethod which now figures in the Textbook.-N.C.F.

DETAILED i\lARKING SHEETS.

F.S. (Sutton-in-Ashfield). - I have been informed that you send out detailed marking sheets dealing with team and individual tests in Home Tu rsing and First Aid.

As I am taking a team through cour e of instruction in these subjects I would appreciate your kindness and I would gladly accept marking sheets for thi purpose.

I regret that your information is incorrect. Detailed marking sheets take much time and labour in their preparation. So I would suggest that you set the mem bers of your team to increase their knowledge by ","orking out their own marking sheets.-N.C.F.

TREA TME NT OF FRACTU RED THIGH.

H.C. (Bedminster Down).-At our last Divisional Meeting a friendly discussion arose over the first bandage to be applied in the trea t ment of of Femur. In the Textbook we are told to secure the feet by tying firmly together. Will you please settle this question? Should the feet be secured by tying the bandage around the ankles or should the bandage be placed over the feet and tied underneath?

We will forget: the old Textbook and quote the very definite instructions of the revised edition (pp. 88 and 89) :"Gently draw down the foot, bring it into line with its fellow and apply a bandage (1) as a figure-of-eight round the ankles and feet and (2) tied underneath the soles of the feet."-N.C.F.

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FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d post free; dngle copies 3d. Its aim and object being tne advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also wrlcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, c "C, should be addressed to the Editor at the add res s below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily jor pub/ication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL.

THE ann ual report of the Chief S. J. A. B. Com missioner, presented at the AN fUAL Chapter General of The Order REPORT. on May 20th, for the year 1937, showed that a record year had been experienced in all pbases of the Brigade work.

During the year 151 new divisions were formed representing a personnel of 2,381. The total membership ot the Brigade is now 84,+19 a membership which has been gradually and steadily increasing aver a number of years.

As a natural sequence af increased membership activities have also increased. During 1937 a record number of cases was attended, the exact number being 688,823, or 74,000 more than the previous year. Naturally the busiest day of the year was Coronation day, when 7,500 personnel dealt with 9,500 cases of accident or sudden illness.

On the roads the presence of 216 huts and 1,148 posts contributed ta safer roads.

Motor ambulances of the Brigade also experienced a record year. The total mileage travelled was 1,411,537 i the cases being 123,359, an increase of 11,000 over 1936. Am bulances answered 22,300 road accidents, in addition to their usual work, and, in so doing, covered 190,000 miles.

In A.R.P. the Brigade is well to the fore in assisting the Horne Office and local authorities. Over 6,000 instructors had been trained up to December 31st, 1937, and 25,011 members awarded certificates. In addition 10,348 members of the public received certificates, whilst the four A.R.P. films of the Brigade were shown in 223 towns.

The less spectacular but nevertheless a most important part of the Brigade's work are the duties carried out by the nursing personnel at hospitals and welfare centres. Last year 33,507 attendances were made at such institutions.

Briefly, the 1937 report can be summarised in two words-" Increase" and" Records, "-and we feel sure that 1938 will show further increases.

By COLONEL C. I. ELLIS, 1\1.D., ETC.

(Contillued from page 292.)

IN the previous articles of this series, the eye appearance of some of the more usual pOisonous plants has been dealt with.. I will now. p.roceed. to describe the symptoms which follow their Ingestion and the proper treatment to be carried out.

Poisonolls Plants. Heart stimulants, artificial respiration and warmth must be thought of. Exhaustion and shock must be prevented .(if possible) or treated. The inhalation of oxygen (or 0 plus CO 5 per may be most helpful. Str?ng hot tea, milk, is very valuable as a stimulant, and also, It contains tannin, it precipitates many alkalIne poisons. Emetics in suitable cases or copious drauahts of warm water, even tickling the back of the throat may be indicated.

GEl'\ERAL RULES OF TREATMENT.

The general condition of the patien t must be carefull y served and the resistance to the poison must be helped by all known methods until its effects have passed off.

POISON.

Aconite plonk's Hood). (CoO\ ulsant. )

Send for a doctor transmzltl1lg a written message givz'ng the name of the su.spected poison, so that he may bring appropriate treatment-apparatus (Stomacll tube) and the physiological antidote.

TREAHIENT.

SYMPTOl\lS.

Tingling- and numbness of tongue and mouth and sen e of ants and other insects crawling over the body. Nausea and vomiting with pain in stomach. Shortness of breath.

Pulse irregular, weak and slow. Skin cold and clamn:y; features bloodless. Giddiness, limbs feel heavy. Mind remains clear.

Emetics. Stimulant Warmth to Artificial respiration and friction of body and limbs. Keep lying down.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Final Competitions.

Last month the result of the finals was given, together with judges, etc.

Having had time to analyse the proceedings, the outstanding impression was the great interest shown by the spectators, who numbered more than ever. The interest taken by the Surgeons was also a feature.

To the winners we offer our congratulations. Crewe "A," led by Supt. A. V. Gibson, are old campaigners, having won the "Dewar" Shield in 1934- and runners-up in 1935 and 1936. Weymouth Nursing Division have not been successful before and so another name is now on the" Perrott " Shield. In the ursing Individual tests there was originally a tie for first place but after an extra test vVeymouth were placed ahead of r pswich (Air Duties).

As to the tests, they were of an interesting character and, as usual, those for the teams well staged. One noticed with

comed Her Royal Highness, whose presence was an inspirato all.

The Sub-Prior referred to the 84,000 trained personnel of the Brigade who were at all times ready to give daily service to the suffering humanity. The work was constanlly increasing, but in addition an extra demand had been made in A. R. P. Three years ago the Home Office invited them to co-operate in this work and during the last two years they had been blazing a trail throughout the country, organising and training. Over 6,000 members had been trained as instructors and over 25,000 mem bers had gained their A. R. P. certificates.

The Sub-Prior concluded with thanks to Mr. John Maxwell (Chairman, Associated British Pictures Corporation Ltd.) and Irs. John :\1axwell for their continued support in stagi ng the tests, and to Mr. Clarence Elder and 1\1 r. Joe Grossman, of Elstree Studios, for their {3ersonal supervisioll. He also thanked the Surgeon-in-Chief and his band of helpers.

H. R. H. the Duchess of Gloucester, in a short speech, said she would always follow with great interest the efforts of the Brigade.

Atropa Belladona (Deadly L ightsha.de).

Atropine ightshade Bernes. (Deliriant. )

(a) Colchicum Autumnale (Autumn Crocus).

(b) Croton Oil. (Irritants.)

Conium Maculatum (Common Hemlock). (Narcotic.)

Dig-italis (Fox-gIO\ e.) (Deliriant.)

Secretions (Saliva, etc.), paralysed - hence throat and skin are dry and urine is suppressed. Skin flusheu. Sometimes rash like scarlet fever. Temperature raised. Pulse quick. Respiration deep and slow. Pupils widely dilated. Double vision. Diarrhcea. Delirium.

Irritation of stomach and intestines -abdominal colic. Vomiting, purging, discharge being or watery. Features pale and pinched. Profuse perSpIratIOn. Pulse small, weak and thready. Urine diminished or repressed. Possibly delirium.

Motor paralysis-

(a) Weakness of limbs, gait.

(b) Inability to swallow.

(c) Muscles of respiration paralysed, causing asphYXIa. Pupils dilated and fixed loss of sight. Mind is clear to end.

Pain in abdomen- Vomitinv (green), Headache, tiredness delirium convulsions, coma. Pulse Slow, small, rapid' beats, halt and so on: Pupils no re-action. Skin cold, pale, covered With sweat. U nne su ppressed.

Emetics. li111ulants and hot coffee or tea (tannin). \Varmth.

Artificial re piration.

Emetics. Demulcent drink e.g., white of egg- in milk. Fomentations to abdomen. timubnts.

Emetics. Castor oil. Warmth. timulants. Artificial respiration.

Emetics. Tannin 10 grains in 2 02S. of water repeat frequently. Large draughts of tea or coffee. timulants, warmth to extremities. Keep lying down.

Fungi (1\luscarine). (I rri tant.)

Hyoscyamus Niger (Common Henbane).

Opium and its preparations. (Hypnotic.) Strychnine fro m Strychnos

Nux Vomica seeds. (" Poison Nuts ") Vermin killer. (Convulsant. )

Thirst, colicky pains, vomltlng, purging. ment followed by coma. Extremities cold. Respiration stertorous. Pupils dilated.

See Belladona.

Mental excitePulse ::.Iow.

Emetics. Purgatives, e. g., Castor oil 1 oz. Stimulants. Warmth to extremities and to abdomen.

Same as Belladona.

There is a preliminary stage of mental excitemen!, <:nd t.hen1. vVeariness, sleeplessness, headache. 2. DiminutIOn of sensibility. 3." Pin-point" pupils which later have no reaction. -4. Face pale or cyanosed, skin cold. 5. Muscular relaxation. 6, Respiration slow, irregular, stertorous 7. Pulse feeble. 8. Coma.

Feeling of suffocation, lividity of face, fear and apprehenSion. Convulsions with "hort intermissions, causing-(a) Sweating and exhaustion, (b) Spasms in which the head and heels are bent backward and the body bowed fore ward.

(c) Face has an expression of (d) Staring eyeballs. (e) Fixed chest and hard abdomll1al muscles. Hearing and sight are acute, and consciousness is retained.

Emetics. Rouse patient and dash cold water on his face. Warmth to extremities. Artificial respiration. Inhalation of oxygen plus 5 per cent. carbon dioxide. Guard ag-ainst relapse. Confine to bed.

Emetics between convulsions, if conscious.

Artificial respiration, between convulsions. Oxygen. See general rules.

S.J.A.B. Final

H. R:H. The DuchesS:ofGloucester presenting the" Dewar" shield to Crewe team.

interest the great attention paid by the judges. Only on one occasion did we hear a competitor ask the same question twice before an answer was forthcoming. The judges were certainly on their mettle!

A curious coincidence happened the night before the tests. In the men's team test, rehearsing the test, the " father" actually fell off the supposed tree and sustained a fractured collar-bone. The /irrt aider on the spot was none other than the Surgeon-in-Chief (Dr. N. Corbet Flptcher) who quickly attended to the patient before sending to hospital.

During the afternoon H. R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester (Deputy Commandant-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions) arrived at the competitions and was welcomed by the Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior), Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissioner), Lady Perrott (Lady Supt.-in-Chief) and Brigadier Barne (Secretaty of The Order). A Guard of Honour drawn from No. 1 District, under Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren, was formed outside the Great Central Hotel and inspected by the Duchess before proceeding to the competition rooms to witness the competitors at work.

At the prize distribution the Earl of Scarbrough wel-

Competitions.

H. R. H. The Duchess of Gloucester watching tbe Weymouth Nursing Division at work.

Sir John Duncan announced the results \vhich were received with great applause. The Duchess of Gloucester presented the trophies and prizes.

So ended the 1938 competitions. Congratulations must be extended to Major P. G. Darvil-Smith (Brigade Secretary) and ?llr. H. A. J. Wrigglesworth (Asst. Brigade Secretary and the Competition Secretary) on their excellent staff work which enabled the competitions to go with a swing and finish on time.

LOOKING BACK-By B. 1\1. HOSSACK.

Having been present at nearly every "Perrott" competition makes one feel in reminiscent mood.

Every year we are told that it is better than everthough we may not always agree. It is a habit of "old soldiers" to say things are not what they were, with a sigh for the fighting- days that are past. Things certainly are changed, and for the better, and present day warriors contesting for the trophies may well be glad of these changes. The old idea of competitions seemed to be a sort of war between judge and competitor. Little annoyances were put

in to " make it more difficult" and to amuse the watchers at the expense of the competitors. J udg-es were known to boast they had caught so many teams with some petty trick of setting or acting. In preliminary rounds one sti ll comes in contact with the judge who sets these traps for the unwary-but in London, the whole atmosphere is different. E\'erything is there for a purpose-and the purpose is to help competitors realise the circumstances and deal with difficulties as they arise.

The judge is not there to trip you, or a laugh at your expense. He is there to help you with po in ts that cannot, yet, be represented, such as the state and progress of theOnepatient.judge this year seemed almost apologetic when replying to rather frenzied appeals for help. The competitor shouted-no one came. He appealed for almost every imaginable person who might come and e\ ery time received a regretful no-no-no from the judge. At last the welcome news was giyen that the doctor was expected. " Thank God" said the competitor thankfully, and one almost heard the judge echo him.

Determination, perseverance and resource met tact and sympathy of the judge. In other ways authority has become more human.

Old combatants among the nurses will never forget the little lady from the 'Vest who never gave us any rest. How we used to march round and round! How we used to bob in unison to her down-up! down-up! How we hated the cushion presE:nted by her gracious hands! How she has changed!

This year there was a welcoming smile and a chat over old Howdays. we used to ache all over before the march past came and ho\\" often some had fallen by the way and were too exhausted to receive their prizes.

\Ve used to stand for all the speech making (fina l ordeal) but now men and nurses sit in comfort.

Fierce women in grey or black hounded one from judge to judge, so that one invariably arrived in a "dither."

N ow these too have changed. Like good wine, they ha\'e lost their sharpness and (dare one suggest it) become. mellow with age. Not that they are old, some of these officers seem to grow younger each year, and those one remembers longest seem to have the secret of perpetual youth.Then the judges- some of the nursing profession seem to be hardy annuals (or should it be perennials? I ;;lwait correction irom Colonel Ellis). A big debt of gratitude is due to them for spending a long and tiring day with us. Incidentally, their real opinion of the work done would be interesting and helpful.

Judges used to be a nuisance-always in the way, frequently facetious and often missing points, or so one felt. Now, though there are two at a time, they are never in the way, they concentrate on the work and one is confident that nothing is missed.

As for the tests-what changes here! First, nearly everything left to the imagination and half the things wanted not there. I remember a scouL camp with no blankets-no means of getting hot water-no nothing!

Then came the days of the film. This was helpful, for one had time to realise the scene and its possibilities. I still have an affection for those days in spite of being the victim of a broken film and in spite of the rather bewildering dazzle of light after the inky darkness.

Now we have reached a wonderful standard in setting and acting-but one can still criticise.

Can't we have the stage back again? Many of us come to learn, but can see little and hear nothing. Need we have nerve shattering crashes and screams? Last year's will be long remembered. So often in real life the accident is over before we arrive. How many judges have actually seen or hean;l an accident 9CC\.lr? Isn't it time that blood

soaked clothi n g sho uld be represented by something better than what appeared to be, in one case, a tattered nag, and in the other, a cluwn's pompom?

1n every way this seemed below the standard one E:xpects a nd one feels it would not have passed a year or so ago.

Lastly, the spectators. Something glad and someth in g sad marks this d ay. One wishes for some other annua l reunion. There are so many to greet and comparing of \\'ork and difficulties is such a help-and there is so little time to spare for a ll one's old friends.

The sa dn ess is in missing those who have for many years seemed a part of the great day and have worked to make it what it is. Judges, competitors (where were you, Hull ?) officers and all ranks-one notices !!aps.

Some have passed on, some are taking a well earned rest. vVe do not forget them, we remember with g-ratitude. cbac;: Some call never come again. To those that can, do come, we missed you, but it was a great day.

Coming Events.

T he Editor will be pleased to re ceive particulars 01 forth· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under heading.

JUNE.

23.-2nd Annual Birthday Supper Dance Fairlop [)i\ ision, S.J.A.B. 20 to 24.-16th International Red Cross Conf renee, London.

24-.-Annual Festival of the Order of St. John.

25.-Annual Ambulance Competition of the Brig-house Hospital's Committee, Brighouse.

25.-Warwickshire Collieries Ambulance Competitions, GriO.

26.-Annual Church Parade, Central Area r\o. 1 District, S.J.A. B., St. Clement Danes' '-'hurch, trand. Assembly, 10.15.

JULY.

3.-National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance A 0ciation Final Competition, Nottingham.

S.-London, Midland & cottish Railway International Competition, London.

9.-Elland Demonstration and Gala Annual Ambulance Competitions, Elland.

9.-Annual " Bartholomew" Bowl Competition, Woodford.

10.-No. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District Annual Revie\\', Herne Bay.

30 to Aug. 6.-Annual Camp, S.J. A. B. Nursing Personnt-l, Rossall School, Lancs.

National Roali Passenger Transport Ambulance Association.

THE South Midland Area eliminating test for the "Stirk" Trophy was held on May 29th at the Birmingham City Transport Stadium.

Seven teams competed, the Midland" Red" with 366,l: marks being first, followed by West Bromwich Transport, and Birmingham City Transport, 34t.

The first two teams will compete in the final, to be held at Nottingham on July 3rd, against the winning teams of othe r areas.

St.

John Ambulance Brigade

Headquarters and District Reports.

Brigade Headquarters

A.R.P.-The 17th intensive week-end Course was held on May 18th/19th Owing to the indisposition of Duncan, the ChIef Commissioner (Sir J Oh11 un can ) was unable to be present. He sent however a me sage to the Course.

J'

By strange .coincidence Col. J. L. Sleeman (Chief CommISSIoner Bngade. Overseas) arrived at the Gt. Central Hotel from hIS tour abroad just before the 0'£ the Course, and he was prevailed upon to read SI John s message.

" In th!s message the ChIef Commissioner wrote: of A.K.P. has been very much before the PublIc In the last few months, and it i as well that it be. so) we are far behind other nations in (ealIng w!th thIS dang-er. The idea of haYing to take any part 111 personal defence is somcthin<T quite strange to the people of this country, who have b always looked to the Forces of the Crown to carry this out. : ., The pro.hlem .must be dealt with by the Public Authorities, \\ hlCh w!ll have to look largely to voluntary efforts to carry the necessary measures. It is what is known as pas Ive defence. Eyeryone hopes that it may never be necessary to put these measures into effect but it .would be madncs not to take the necessary Il1 peace "

?ir John ridiculed the suggestion that it was a waste ?f ttme to do If proper steps are taken to the PublIc, Refuges are organised, if First AId Posts are establJ hed, and if decontamination is arrang-c?, then the casualties may not be very serious and pal11c would be avoided.

The Course held in the Great Central Hotel have enabled oyer 4,000 to qualify as A.R.P. Instructors.

Col. Sleeman gave many personal instances of A R P and concluded with thanks to the lecturers.

Dr. yv. C. Bentall was the chairman and the lecturers mcluded Capt. A. C. White Knox M C M B . Messrs: W. J. Noble, W. J. B. Trotter, C. E. F. Wngglesworth.

As usual Mr. Joe Grossman presented an all-star "\'anety programme on the Saturday evening.

No. I (prince of Wales's) District to Capt. William Goodley, M.C., CommlsslOner of the District on beinO' a:varded the Order of the British Empire in 'the BIrthday Honours. b

This .recogpition of services rendered will be to the entIre of members of the District and to on the Rallways, m the Police, and other organisahons to whom Capt. Goodley has given many years of voluntary first aid service.

" It was a magnificent parade. The t urn-out and of the and the marching would have done credlt to any unit of the regular army."

said Major-General Sir John Duncan (Chief CommiSSIOner) to a representative of FIRST AID at the conclusion of. annual inspection of the No. 1 (Prince of \-Vales's) District,. held on June 11th in Hyde Park OWlOg to indisposition Field Marshall Sir Philip W. Chet.wood, Bt., was unable to carry out the inspection and so Sir John Duncan filled the breach. 5,000 members were with Captain W. Goodley, O. B. E., M. C. (CommiSSIOner), in charge.

The members certainly presented a smart appearance and the march past, to the music of the band of H. Welsh Guards, was an inspirinG' spectacle.

The inspecting offirer on the fact that two members on parade had 4-2 years' service John was welcomed by Col. i T. \V. Perowne (Hospl.tal.ler of the Order), Col. G. A. I\loore (Asst. Chief and Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-inof the Order were present including Sir PerCival Wdkll1son (Secretary-General) and Lady \Vilkinson Col. E. ]. King (Librarian), Brigadier W. B. G. (Secretary), .M1. Fincham (Asst.-Librarian), Col. C. B. Palme:, Sir Frank Connor (late Assistant for India): I\!rs. Fitzi\laurice of Orkney, 1\lr. G. Abblss (Asst. CommlsslOner, Metropolitan Police) and others. '

BA'ITERSE.A.-Last month the l\layor of Battersea (Councillor H. W. J. Miles, J.P.) presented awards to members of the 101/38 (Battersea) Ambulance and the 19l/65 S.R. Headquarters Nursing Divisions at a concert gIven. by .the Stewarts Lane Loco Concert Party. Dr. Gulab (DIV. Surgeon) presided.

The Jl4ayor was accompanied by the Mayoress others present bemg Mrs. Gulati, District Officer Strattod Corps Offi.cer Ansley, Lady Supt. J\Iiss Tucker and CarpI: W. F. Hames (entertainment secretary).

TJ1e awards a certificate awarded to Sergt. A. Mltchell for first aid rendered last year on Ra.t1v.:ay, and a certificate for 30 years' profiCiency m fiTst aid m the Southern Railway Centre. Dr. Gulatl expressed thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress for their attendance.

District Officer Stratton said that the Commissioner (Capt. Goodley) who was unable to attend, had asked him to thank them for the work they had done durin<T the past year. b

T.he .Brigad.e were preparing in time of peace the which would have to supplement the Crown forces 111 emergency. It was hoped that such an emernot come in lifetime, but they had to tram for It. The CommiSSIOner was anxious that the Ambulance Division should be in the forefront m that effort.

·No 114 (LONDON TRAMWAYS) DIVISION.-The first annual parade at St. Alfege Church, Greenwich, was held on May 8th, when some 60 men, accompanied by members

of the No. 69 Nursing Division, marched from the Repair Depot, Charlton) to the Church.

The Vicar of Greemyich (the Rev. O. H. Thomas) gave an inspiring sermon, referring to the magnificent work the Brigade was doing for the community .

After the service Admiral C. E. Hunter inspected the parade and congratulated Div. Supt. G. C. D. Deadman on the mart appearance of the members.

Supt. B. S. Record, after thirty years' service in the Brigade, has retired owing to pressure of business

Mr. Record gained his first certificate with the old S.E. and C. Railway Centre of the Brigade in 1908. After the Nos. 8 and 11 Districts were amalgamated Mr. Record was made Ambulance Officer of Orpington Division in 1928 and became Superintendent in 1933.

He holds the Service 1Iedal of the Order and the Gold Medal for Long Service on the Southern Railway.

No 55 (SOUTHALL-NoRWOOD) DrvrsION -The presentation of awards was made by Col. J. J. LleweIlin, O.B.E., i'.LA., J.P., Member of Parliament for the Uxbridge Division, at a concert held on June 1st. 11r. C. F. Collins) A.1LI.E.E. (Pre ident of the Division) presided, supported by Asst. Commis ioner S. J. 'iVarren , Supt. J. E. Taylor, Mrs. H. F. Carter, Commandant of the V.A.D.) and others.

The chairman in his remarks referred to the existing difficulty concerning- the future home of the Diyision. For many years 11essrs. Angus vVatson, Ltd., had allowed them use of premises at peppercorn rent but unfortunately the firm were compelled to terminate the agreement. It was the Division's intention to build a headquarters providing some public-spirited person or persons would give them the land free. The Committee were doing their best in this direction.'

Col. Llewellin presented awards which included certificates, vouchers, labels, the "Willett" Cadel Challenge Cup to Cadets R. ::'Iills (leader), J. Barfield) P. Stevens and R. Butler.

A special presentation was made to Dr. Flynn and to Bandmaster 'iV Meads of the British Legion Band.

Col. Llewellin spoke of the good work carried out by the Division. The needs of the Southall Division ranked second only to the needs of the hospital and ranked side by side in their sphere of usefulness. He hoped the people would support the Division and see that they got the new home so essential for the carrying on of their great work.

N o , II D istrict

SOUTHA1IIPTOX.-The annual inspection of the Southampton Corps was held on May 18th, Corps Supt.

H. S. Thomas being in charge. Also on parade was Corps Surgeon 'II'. L. 1L Bigby and Corps Secretary Capt.

E. J. Parslow.

Asst. County Commissioner Dr. J. Glen was the inspecting officer and witnessed numerous tests and practical demonstrations. Fifty members demonstrated their A.R.P. efficiency.

WOODSTOCK.-SUPt. H. E. HO'vvard presided at the annual dinner of the Woodstock Division supported by Ald. F. T. Whitlock (Deputy Mayor), Surgeon

F. A. Bevan, Div. Surgeon T. D. Thorne, County Officer F. Dearle, Corps Secretary Capt. J. Rogers, the Town Clerk (Mr. S. Henman) and others.

AID

Ald. Whitlock stated that in Oxon tIle Brigade was 1,000 strong They had five ambulance 'which last year covered 31,000 miles and conveyed 2,700 patients. IIe congratulated the Woodstock Diyisioll O!l it efficiency.

No. m D i strict.

WELLINGBOROllGII.-The \\Tellingborough Corps, uncler Corps Supt J. 1\1ar hall Bailey, M.C. \\ ith whOI1l \\ as County Officer F. IIolgate-Smith, M.B.E... was the strongest body present at the Annual Territorial Church Parade and Drum Ilead 'eryice on the grounds of \ ;\Tellingborough School, on Sunday, ::\Iay 15th. The Commi sioner for Northamptonshire, Dr. L. '''T. Dryland, D.L., was present. and was at the. aluting with Lieut.Col. H. Scott Robson, the Commanding Officer 0 f the 50th (The Torthamptonshire Regt.) A.A. Battalion R.E., T.A., who took the salute at the .i\larch Fa t \\ hich followed the service.

\VORCESTER.- The annual supper ant! social c\'cning of the Midland Reel \Vorce ter Di\ ision \\ as held la. t month , Ald. R. R. Fairhurn presidin o·. IIe was supported by 1\1r. J. \Vard. ::'1r. P. O\\ens (Head Office, Hear\\"ond. Birmingham), and other officers of ::\[icllancl Red. 1\1r. \Vard aid he could !lot peak hig'hly enough of the interest show11 lw the me!l of the Midland in thL' ambulance work. He knew of 110 higher power thall that over life and death, and that wac, \\ hat the mcmhers of the Brigade po sessed. :i\Ir. \Varcl cOl1gratu1atul the members 011 the exc ellent way ill \\ hich they had di:ting-ui hed themsel\'es during the pas t C;l'asnJ1.

No . IV D i strict

The annual re\"icw in pection and competitions 1)£ South-East Lanca hire Corps and Di\ i ion werc h( lcl at Rochdale on Saturday, ::'Iay 28th. en fort tlnate]y. the weather curtailed the proceeding-s, htlt nc\ crthL!cSS although under co\,er and in a confined space the work was carried out with traditional skill lIncl thoroughncs

Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher ( urg-eon -in- hief ) \\a the inspecting officer) accompanied by Col. C. T. Trimble. They were welcomed by: Asst. Coml11i 'sioner 'V. Maxwell Reekie, Co!. C. II. S. Redmond, District Officer Major E. Burt Hamilton, Capt. R. J. Po ton, and ::'1r. \'1. II. Gastal!.

The first inspection was of the men at Sumner Street and Holroyd Street headquarters. The inspecting- officer was accompanied by the Chief COl1stahle (Ur. II. Ho\varth). The nurses) uncler Lady District Supt. 1Ir Tweedale, were inspected at the Territorial Drill Hall, where the :\layor and 11ayoress (Mrs. James Duckworth and Mrs. Geoffrey Duckworth) were among- the interested spectators.

A feature of the parade was the numher of cadets present. Of the 2,300 ranks on parade 300 were nursing cadets and 300 ambulance cadets, a magnificent array of the coming British men and women.

The competitions included hand scat, drill, supposed accidents, bed-making, etc.; also rescue work from mines, for which a model shaft was erected. Each worker carried the necessary equipment and apparatus, which weighs 60 lbs.

At the conclusion of the competitions Dr. Corbet Fletcher congratulated the members on their smartness and knowledge. His report to headquarters would be, cl A1l is well in South-East Lancashire."

The competition results were :-

FIRST

Men: Section A) "Coronation" Shield : Rochda le Section B, "Wi lson and Stockwcll" Shield: Central; Section C) "Wembley" Shield : Bacup' Section D, " Daniel II all " Trophy: Ferranti's (6Idham)' Section E, "Tweec1ale" Shield: Whitworth.

Boy Cadets: "South East Lancashire" Shield, Oldham Central.

urses: Section A, II South East Lancashire" hield, Rochdale; Section B, It George Scarr" Shield IIasl111gden; Section C) II South East Lancashire" Nursing Trophy, Crompton; Section D It Silver Jubilee" Trophy, Heywood.

Girl Cadets: (I Lees" Cup, Todmorden.

LrvERPooL -On the occasion of the visit to Liverpool of T.1I. The Kll1g and Queen,on May 19th, the Liverpool Corps. undertook duty in lining the streets. Employers had kllldly rekased many of their workpeople in answer to. an appeal for leave of abscnce for Brigade members, WIthout 10 of pay.

There were on duty 550 Officers, N.C.O's) men and llurse ; the number of ca es treated being 202

All arrangements were under the control of Corps and upt. Col. D. C. Leyland Orton, T.D.; Corps y'!. E. was on mobile duty all day; Corps Officer I: F. \VII on was in charge of Public Duties. Corps Officcr F. Carroll and D. Pender were in charge at EYC:ton Football Ground and \Yayertree Playground re. pcctl\ely. l:ady Corps Officers Miss B. A. Pearce, ::'1lss E. A. Crau; and 11rs. A. E. Blcase were in charcye of ca ualLY stations, whilst Corps Officers F. C. E. 1I. 1\1oore and T. \iV. James had charge of sections of the. routc. )'1oLor ambulance duty and the driving of yans was carried out by the Transport I?J\'l 10,11, Supt. J. Anthony, whilst Corps Officer (. , and Lady Corps Officer Miss Bellasis were n pon il)le for tores.

Apart from duty at pecial points of congrecyation stich a \\raYCrlrLc Playground, Everton Football the \'anou To\\n IIalls! the route co\"ered by the Liverpool Corp \\ as approximately seven miles.

No. V D i strict

"\IR:lIYN.-For some considerable time Sergt. J. W Robert haw has rendered useful service in the district by runn1l1 CY a fir t .aiel post in the village. Recently a hOl1selo-house collectl.on "as undertaken and a \"cry satisfactory amount was raIsed to purchase fresh c1 ressings, etc.) to carryon the work for the coming year.

R\R:-<sLEy.-Threc members of the Barnsley Division, Dl\'. Surgeon H. E. Acting Supt. J. 'iV. Semlcy an.d J. LIttlewood) have successfully passed the for Grade 1 A.R.P. Instructors . On i'.1.ay .22nd thIrteen members A.R.P. Certificates, DlstrIct Officer C. H. Forster bell1g the examiner.

On 1\1ay 21st the Barnsley British Co-op Shield ,vas competed for by 22 teams.

The winners were Pontefract with 172 marks followed by Barnboro', 166; Wath 1fain, 144. '

The and prizes were presented by Mr. Caudwell, PreSIdent of the Barnsley British Co-op Society who, in hi remark, stressed the value of work both in the mines and in every day life.

Supt. Se.mley t.hanked the teams for their presence.

Secretanal dutles we:-e ably carried out by Sergt. J. LIttlewood, whose enthUSIasm seems unending.

AID

HASLAND AND GRASSMOOR DrvIsION.-At a recent :neeting a c?mmittee was formed to deal with points of mterest whlch may arise apart from II Black Book"

For instance, a visit to the Chesterfield Royal HospItal (by courtesy of the Hospital Secretary, 1\1r. H. Boone) has already taken place) much to the interest of all concerned. Such visits, together with prospective lectures and demonstrations already planned for the future, do much to broaden somcwhat the outlook of Brigade personnel.

The committee consists of two sergeants one corporal and one private, under the name of )CI The Additional Instruction Committee," and appreciations by members makes this experiment worthy of lmltatlOn.

A Cadet Ambulance Division is beinO" formed and 28 have obtained. parental consent. B/'the end of June It IS hoped that thIS new branch of the Division will be fully organised.

On Sunday, June 26th) the Division \vill commence A.R.P. classes. Already one member has obtained a Grade 1 Instructor's Certificate and two are potential Grade 2 Instructors. In the course of a few weeks it is hoped to add to the list.

ROTHERllAM.-The annual inspection of the Rotherham Corps was held on ::'Iay 28th, when Asst. Commissioner H. C. of Derbyshire, inspected the men and Lady Dlstnct Officer Miss G. Ashberry and County Surgeon T. C. A. Sweetnam the nursing personnel.

Those present included Asst. Commissioner Dr. K. H. Beverley, A.R.P. Officer C. H. Forster, Corps Supt. J. vV. Gllhng and Mrs. F . 11. Knight (President of the Rotherham Nursing Division).

inspection followed by drill, handseats and bandag1l1g to the satJsfaction of the inspecting officers.

No . VI D i s trict

The annual church parade of the Mid-Durham Corps was held on :May 15th, at the Durham Cathedral. Corps J. :Ma.in Russell and Corps Supt. J. H. P:gg were 111 charge, a.ss.Is.ted by Corps Sergt. 1\1aj or \V. Ln'ersedge. Cadet Dl\'lSlOnS were under Cadet Supt. Fellowby, \"\"h1lst :Mrs. I. M. Ritson was in charge of the Nursing Divisions.

The Rev. Canon Mayne gaye the address.

Hetton-Ie-Ho1e Ambulance Competition team cyained third place in the Brigade Finals. This team ish more

Hetton-Ie-Hole Competition Team with Trophies won this year.

FIRST AID

familiarly known in the orth Country as Eppleton "D" team, and all the members are miners employed at the EppletonDurino-Colliery. the past five years team successes include:

TO. 6 District ilver Shield; Durham County Bronze hield: "Coroner Graham" Shield; "Robert Stokoe" hield; "Lady Bartram" Shield; " Sunderland Addison"

BO\yl' "Donald Bain" Committee Cup; I( L. G. Dillon" Cup: "Lambton, Hetton and J oicey" Cup; " Sir Lind ay \Vood" Cup; "Horden Colliery" Cup; South Shields Challenge Cup. A remarkable collection!

The team consi ts of Pri\ ates Holmes, R. VV. \Viddowson , T. Duff and R. Hope, with CorpI. James Gilliland, captain.

No. vm (Duke of Connaught's) District

ADDISCmlBE.-COlU1cillor A. L. Boddington presid ed at the annual dinner of the Addiscombe Division, supported by Mr. H. G. \Villiams, for South Croydon, the Mayor and l\Iayoress of Croydon (Councillor and 11rs. E. C. Stuart Baker), the Town Clerk (1\Ir. E. Taberner) and Taberner, Commission.er E. A. Richards and also representatives of local actl\ ltles.

Pte. F. H. King proposed" The Mayor and Corporation of Croydon" and declared that they had always enjoyed the co-operation of the ;"Iayor and Corporation. He welcomed the town's officers.

The :Mayor responded and referred to his own association with the first aid movement and his sympathy with them.

Amb. Officer E. J. Prew proposed" The Order of St. John and the No.8 (Duke of Connaught's) District." He spoke of the activities of the Order in day's past and of to-day, when members were still succouring. the sick. The o. 8 District was one of the foremost m the country and also one of the happiest. This state would not have heen achieved but for the zeal and popularity of their Commissioner.

Commissioner Richards, in response, expressed pleasure with the progress being made in the counties for which he was responsible-Kent, Surrey, Sussex and the Channel Islands. In 1937 over 25,000 cases were attended by members of the District, including 3,500 road accidents. From personal experience, said Mr. Richards, the local Division ",;as one of the best in his district. The citizens of Croydon had very good reason to be proud of it.

"The Addiscombe Division" was proposed by Mr. C. J. c. Latham, who recalled the beginning of the Division in May, 1914, when ten enthllsiastic men resolved to form themselves into an ambulance class, using the waiting room at Addiscombe ·Station. During the war the Division had grown so that they met the needs of wounded. Later a women's nursing class was formed. In 1918 the Division dealt with 140 ambulance trains and conveyed 19,022 cases to hospital. The history of Division was one of usefulness and constant progresslve growth. The ambulance motor which carried 974 patients and covered 24,1?8 mIles last of increasing service to the locahty. Another mdlcatlOn of the usefulness of the work done was the fact that 2,279 reported cases were dealt with last year. Should he be wrong in attributing the organising genius behind the scenes to District Officer E. J. Prew .

District Officer Prew, in reply, also referred to the early days of the Division when he worked under Mr. Latham. In additio.n to first aid every member of the Division was ready to assist in A.R.P. work.

(( The Visitors" were welcomed by Sergt. V. Spencer, Mr. Williams replying. He thought that the community

who saw the work done hy the Division) who benefited from it, ought to feel a sense of eternal gratitude. There was 110 public occasion in any part of the country when the Brigade men and women were not doing their splendid work.

RAMSGATE.-Recently there appeared in the local press a report of the promptitude and skill of a member of the Ramsgate Town Division, whereby a young boy was prevented from bleeding to death.

The boy, seven years old, sustained a cut on the head which severed an artery. The boy was taken to Transport Driver Packman's house. He succeeded in exerting ufficiCJlt pressure on the arteries at the hack of the skull to reduce the bleeding. The boy was rushed to hospital, where he was detained.

SHEERNESS. Corps Supt. II. Raynor Calt, who recently retired from this po i t iol1, died at hi· residence on Friday, 11ay 27th, at the age of 65 years.

11r. Catt was associated with the Brigade for over 30 years and the present state o f efficiency of the Sheerness Division is due in no small way to his untiring zeal. He was a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John.

Priory for Wales.

PRIORY HEADQUARfER 1 OTES.

Sub.-Prior, the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Plymouth P C Will presl.de over Meeting of Chapter and General ., Priory the City Hall, Cardiff, on Monday, July e which Lord Plymouth has consented to the unveIllOg of the Memorial to the Id.te Hugh formerly Honorary Solicitor to the Priory at sf o ln S lurch, CardifT. ' Chapter will meet at 2.15 p m foil d b G l\ bl' ., owe y eneral 'hssem . y, to :-v hlch :=tIl .members of the Order on the Roll of t e Priory wIll be 1l1vlted and the " f I ,maJorIty 0 memb 5 WIl then proceed to the church for the 1emorial Se . erst p.m. rVlce a

of the Priory at its meeting on May 24th, authOrised a contribution of £25 to the funds of the

tdhe 408 Grade 1 instructors within n e a course at Falfield.

The death occurred last month of t d" of the Order on the Roll of th IsttnTgulshed Sir Henr PhII' B e nory. he late C y IpS, art., of Picton Castle, Haverfordwe-t a ommander of the Order held the executive ffi :>, of Slebecil, and as President of the at s d ettre was personally Lo all students of fi lome nursing classes in the County. By the P ·d Lord Harlech, the 1\1erionethshire Centre lost 't res I ent. The memory of H· L d I' I S am bulance work in that hwith ever by his O"ft f t h " 0 1 0 a rop y presented in 1935 f competitIOn. or annual

At a meeting of the Camp Committee, held at Prior

The Brigade strength in To rfolk at the end of last year was:Ambulance: Corps, 21 Divisions, 2 Sections attached to Divisions, 19 su rgeons , 39 other officers, 424 other ranks.

Nursing: 2 Divisi o ns, 2 surgeon , 4 other officers, 28 other ranks.

Cadet: 1 Division, 2 officers, 10 other ranks.

Total cases attended during year, 7,480; road accidents, 82: mileages of ambulances and conveyance of patient. 32 0-+5; patients removed , 1.087: ambulances partly manned hy St. John Men and Sisters, 8.

ORWICH.-The annual inter-di\'isional competition of the Lads' Club Division for the Silver Challenge Cup, presented by the late 1Ir Harker, was held on May 17th.

The winning team was Ptes. E. Geary, A. Catchpole, L. Done and R. Harri

In the absence of the President (11r. J. H. Dain), the cup and medals were handed to the winning team by Mr. Ridley Thomas, who j udg-ed the team test. Dr. W. Lincoln Hurn judged the individual practicals and Dr. C. Robel-ts the viva voce.

A team from the Bournemouth Division, S.J.A.B., were successful in gaining first place at the" Abel Smith" cup competition, held on May 28th. The competition is open to teams within a radius of five miles of Bournemouth Square.

The Deputy-Mayor of Colchester (M r. G. C. Benham) presented the awards at a recent gathering of the Colchester Division, S.J. A. B. He emphasised the need of efficiency and the immense importance of first aid.

The Aldershot Traction Co. Division won the Aldershot and District Corps cup competitions, held on May 31st. Lt.-Col. H. H. Cook (County Surgeon, Northern Area), and Drs. M. Mackeith and D. L. Lamont were the judges.

Pontygwaith Ambulance Hall.

Mr. W. H. l\1' Tl a1l1warIng, M. P., at the opening last month le premises were purchased and d t d half of which was received fro n tl a e :=tl.the cost of about £210, Ambulance Halls Grant and /1 I ommls.slOner for Special Areas le a ance raised locally in less than twelve months.

Ophthalmic Hospital of the Order in Jerusal the current year. It is hoped that the etm 10 reslPect ?f Wale tl' F In erest ta {en 111 s 111 liS great oundation of the 0 d b b p Y a visit of the Hospitaller, Colon:l eJr erowne V D T D t G 0 ryc 1 0 eneral Assembly on July 4th.

Co-operation between the Bri d d in the matter of A R Pt'.. ga e Local Authorities of the Chemical W f . ac .was discussed at a meeting P . M ar are rotectlOn Sub-Committee of the nary on ay 24th' d t f Wa l h ,an wo 0 the authorities in South es a.ve arranged to avail themselves of I C. A. G. S. mstructors within the Brigade t . e.ctures by a a minimum fee

House, on June 1st Lad' Count OAl and 1\1iss E E Ad} y. cer 1\1rs. S. B. Turner

an urs111g embers from July 30 to AuO' '.' Cadets from August 6th to the 13 I Th 0 ust 6th GIrl held in the hutments kindl I h ese will be the Glamorgan TerritorIaf s tlOn, at Nells Point Barr I I d Ir orce SSOClafollow on for two Cadet camps will and only a few more 13th and 20th,

AMBULAN.CE COMPETITIONS AT ROYAL NATlONAL EISTEDDFOD

A slIght change is announced in the programme

No. X D istrict

competitions to be held at the Royal National Eisteddfod of \Vales, which will bring many thousands of \Velshmen and Welshwomen to Cardiff during August Bank Ho liday week. The contest for the" Lady Lewis" cup (open, male teams), the "Lady Bute" cup (open, women's teams) and the A. R. P. competition will take place on 1\londay, August 1st. The Trevethin and Silurian shields (teams of men and women respecti\'ely resident in Wales) on the Tuesday; and the lsca and Gwent shields (teams of boys and girls respectively) on the Wednesday. The entries total 72 ; but it must be disappointing to the ardent lovers of the Welsh language that not a single entry has been received for the two proposed contests for teams of boys and girls to be conducted entirely in Welsh.

ABERDARE TRANSPORT TEAlIl'S SUCCESS.

The competition, organised by the Priory annually, for the" Cornelius Griffiths" bowl, open to teams of men employed by Road Passenger Transport U ndertakings a radius of 25 miles from Cardiff, was held at the Memonal Hall, Aberdare, on \>\Tednesday, l\lay 18th. It had been feared that the contest would have fallen through, a number of the smaller Road Transport Undertakings having failed to encourage their staffs to pursue the study of ambulance work' and the contest at Aberdare was made possible the public spirited interest and generosity of the 'Western Welsh Omnibus Company Ltd. and the Aberdare Urban District Council.

The judges, Dr. Edgar Llewellyn (Cardiff), Dr. H. B. Pierce (Mountain Ash), Dr. J. P. Davies (Hengoed) and Dr. E. J. Rees (Blaengarw), placed the teams in the following order ;-

AID

Salmon, Sergeant S. Davies, Corpora ls M. Ca ul fie ld and D. 1\1. Cole, Private F. James. Cardiff Centre. - Corps Secretary E. E. Sanderson, Sergeants \V. H. Warren and A. G. Hughes, Privates J. H. E\'ans, J A. Harley, J. W. Haines, J. Payne, S C West, and Ambulance Sister Mabel Rendell: Brecl{[10ckshire Centre.-Corps Supt. D. J Jones. Aberdare Centre.-Div. Supt. W. H. Thomas, Amb ulance Officer D. J ones, Corporals D. J. Davies, W. J. Knapton, Privates Griffith jones, W. Howell, D Hughes, S. Robinson.

Rhondda Centre. - Div. Supt. Thomas Rees, Sergeant W. j. Wells, Corporal R. Leebrook, Private D. J. Richards. Monmouthshire Centre.-Div. upt. W. J. Powell.

FIRST BARS (20 YEARS).

Ca rm arthcnshire Ccntre.- Assistant Commissioner Sydney Williams, M.R.C.S., L.R C.P.

Aberdare Centre.-County Sergeant laior J. J. Hughes. Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre. - Corps ecretary T. A. Rees, Ambulance Officers \V. G. Bray, D. Edwards, Cor pOI al T. Roberts.

Rhondda Centre.-Div. Supts. D. J. George, T. Perkins and J. Williams.

Glamorgan County Centre.-Div. Supts. H. J. Phelps and D. T. Jones.

Newport (1\lon.) Centre. - Sergeant]. H. loxley.

SECOND BARS (25 Y EARS).

Newport (Mon.) Centre. - Di\' Supt. F. P Hopl<ins.

Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre -Corps Oflicer L. Powell, Ambulance Officer B. Ree Cardiff Centre. - County Officer B. E. l\laberly.

Aberdare Centre. - Corps Treasurer E. T. Howe. Carmarthenshire Centre. - Corps Officer D. Morgan. Brecknockshire Centre. - Di\". Supt. T. Williams. Rhondda Centre. - Ambulance Officer T jones and W. Davies.

THIRD BAR (30 YEARS).

FIRST St. John Ambulance Association

BURTON-ON-TRENT . -At a commitlt'e meeting held last month the chairman, Councillor A. T. Whetton, introduced Mr. J, . Boyt, A. C.A., who had been appointed hon. secretary to the Centre in succession to Councillor G. E. Rider, who owing to many calls on his time was compelled to res ig-n.

The annual competition for the" Major Gretton " Cup was held at headquarters on May 21st. Dr. R. C. Scott and Dr. R. Bewick being the judges.

After a tie the result was announced as follows: 1st (cup and gold medal), W. Pantall ; runner-up (silver medal), W. Felthouse.

Councillor Whetton presented the a wards and congratulated the competitors on their keenness. He also thanked the judges for their assistance.

AID Police Ambulance News .

POLICE NATIONAL COMPETITIOI\, 1938.

INDIVIDUAL TESTS.

No.3.

You are called to attend to a man who has received a severe blow on the lower jaw Another officer has attended to police routine matters and summoned doctor and ambulance. There is one unskilled bystander present. Scene : The man's own house. Act. Time allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when you receive this card.

NOTE FOR JUDGE.

The competition was organised by County Officer Glyndwr Davies, with 1\1r. F. E. Winniatt as Competition Secretary; and among a gathering of nearly 200 entertained to tea were the Commissioner for Aberdare (Dr. J M. Wilson), Mr. William Forbes, l\1.Inst.T.. General Manager, Cardiff Transport Department, Mr. N. J. Young, M.B.E., General Manager, Borough of Newport Transport Department , and the Principal Secretary (The Hon. John H. Bruce, J.P., D.L.)

The winning Aberdare (Western Welsh) team scored a more significant success in Birmingham on the following Sunday by securing the first pla ce in the preliminary round of the Stirk trophy in a competition for Passenger Transport teams representative of the whole country.

BRIGADE SERVICE AWARDS.

Among awards of Service Medals and Bars approved by H. R. H. the Grand Prior, on the application of the Priory for Wales, is the issue of a fourth bar to County Officer William H. Johnson, Cardiff Centre, who has completed thirty-five years' efficiency in the Brigade. This distinction is enjoyed only by one other Officer of the Brigade in Wales, viz., Captain S. T. Beard, O. B. E., Commissioner for Monmouthshire.

Service Medals, indicating 15 years' efficient service, have been approved on behalf of the following ;-

Carmarthenshire Centre.- Assistant Commissioner Sydney Williams, M. R. C. S., L. R. C. P., Corps Secretary Samuel Bowen, Ambulance Officer D. T Jones, Sergeants

C. K Wigmore and E. C. Morris.

Glamorgan County Centre.-Ambulance Officers D. Watkins and W. J. Bolan, Lady Ambulance Officer J

Borough of l\1erthyr Tydfil Centre. - A si tant Commissioner W. H. Jones.

King 's Bi r thd a y Honou rs .

AMONG the above issued on June 9th were the following ;KNIGHTS BACHELOR.

Henry Howard Bashford, 1\1. D., B. S., i\1. R P., R. C. ., Chief Medical Officer, General Post Office.

Allan Hume Nicholl, C. B. E., Chairman of the London Safety First Council and of the National Executive of the National Safety First Association.

ORDER OF TIlE BRITISH EMPIRE (O.B.E.).

Captain William Goodley, 1.C., Commissioner No. 1 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade.

ROYAL RED CROSS (First Class).

Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service. Matron-in-Chief Miss Emily Mathieson Blair.

Matron Miss Bessie Cowie Simpson Forsyth. In recognitien of exception devotion and competency displayed in nursing and care of the sick in Royal Air Force Hospitals at Home and Abroad.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID if not send us his address and we w ill post him a copy .

HULL. - The annual competition for the" Coronation' Cup, open to teams in Hull and Di tnct, was held on Saturday, April 30th, when 10 teams competed. The team iudge \I,,' as Dr. K. H. Beverley, the individual tests being judged by Drs. F. D e acon, E :\1. Dearn, H. E. Watts Water, L. F. \Vilson and J. 1\1. Hermon.

There was a large and enthusiastic assembly of followers to witness th e teams at work and their attcndance was well repaid by the excellent knowledge shown by the competitors.

The team test was of an unu s ual character. A supposed motor collision resulted in one person being killed and five others rccei\'ing injuries, including a slight scalp wound, a faint, bleeding from a femoral artery, hysteria and compound fracture of tibia, and complicated fracture of ribs. Ten minutes only was allowed for treatment,

The competition secretary, W. E. Twinham, donor of the cup , announ ced the re s ults which were: 1st, New Holland Ferry, L. E. R., 265 marks; 2nd, Dock Engineers No.2, L. ' E.R., 2+7 ; 3rd, Paragon No. 1, L.N.E R., lndividuals; No.1, H. Roe, l ew Holland Ferry No.2, II. Burton, New Holland Ferry; No.3, H. Grady, Parngon No 1; No. -+, S. Pag-e, Hull City Police (after a lie \\ ilh \V. Bromfield, f\ew Holland Ferry) ; No.5, A. O. Sayner, Paragon 1"\0. 1.

The c up was presented to the winning team by fro R· G. Tarran, of Hull, who is g-reatly interested in the work, being an old R. A. ;\1.c. member. County Commissioner W· T. ALI<inson ( .J.A.B.) thanked 1r. Tarran.

Dr. Beverley gave the competitors some valuable criticism. Allhough unnecessary mistakes had been made he thouRht " competition excitement" accounted for them.

The judges were thanked on the motion of l\1r. W. Bromfleld, captain of the winning team, whilst Supt. H. Huddleston, B. E., Deputy Chief COTistable, E. R. Police, proposed thanks to all concerned in organising the competition.

The arrangements for the competition were efficiently carried out by the Secretary, 1\1r. W. E. Twinham.

The annual meeting of the Hull and East Riding County centre was held at the Guildhall, Hull. Lady Atkinson said they were indebted for the hearty co-operation of members of the medical profession.

Sir Arthur Atkinson, president, referred to the training of officers in A. R P. The strength of the Bf igade in Hull and the East Riding was; Ambulance, 5-+9; Nursing, 253 ; a total of 802. A new nursing division had been formed in Fi ley.

Injuries present.-Fracture of lower jaw, and impacted fracture of base of skull. Hremorrhage and yellow fluid from left ear. Concussion developing into compression. Staging.-Patient sitting on the floor. A small table covered with white tablecloth (to be torn for triangular handages), blankets, ice and jug marked "Cold water," hot-water bottles, teapot marked" Hot tea."

Approach 1

Lay patient on back gently and comfortably 1

Speak to patient (patient moans; he seems dazed) 1

Observe irregularity of lower jaw 1

Instruct bystander to gently support lower jaw until further notice with palm of hand

EXAMINATION OF LOWER JAW.

Any pain (yes) ; any swelling (yes) 1

Any loss of power (a) inability to speak (b) inability to move jaw freely (unable to state) 1

Any irregularity (yes) 1

Was crepitus accidentally noticed (yes) 1

Any bleeding- from gums (slight, almost ceased) 1

Con5rm diagnosis of fracture of lower jaw 1

FURTHER EXAMINATION OF HEAD.

Front, back, vault and sides (no injury)

Eyes, ears, and nose for hremorrhage (find hremorrhage and yellow fluid from left ear) 2

Mouth for hremorrhage or froth (none) 1

GENERAL EXA;\IINATION.

Colour of face (pale) condition of skin (cold and clammy) 1

State of pulse; (a) rate; (b) strength (quick; \veak) 1

State of breathing (quick and shallow) 1

Is it stertorous (no) . 1

Response of eyes; (a) to light; (b) to touch (response to both) 1

Can patient be roused (yes, with difficulty) 1

Diagnose concussion . 1

Suspecting fracture of base of skull, keep careful watch for possible onset of compression 2

hli\IEDIATE TREATi\IENT.

Keep head low and turned to sound side. l

Light absorbent dressing over ear; bandage lightly... 1

Raise feet 1

Apply ice or cold applications to head continuously 1

Undo tight clothing about neck, chest, and waist 1

Cove r body and keep warm 1

Give nothing by mouth 1

TREATMENT OF JAW,

Centre of narrow bandage under chin

Release bystander

Carry ends upwards and tie above forehead

Centle of narrow bandage in front of chin

Carry ends backwards and tie at back of neck

Tie ends of bandages together

Special marks for gentleness and affording just sulncient pressure to steady jaw 3

Does patient show inclination to vomit (no) 1

At 6 minutes (warning by timekeeper) patient commences stertorous breathing

FURTHER GENERAL EXAl\lINATION OF PATIENT.

Colour of face (becoming flushed) ; state of pulse (full and slow 1

State of breathing (stertorous) 1

Any loss of power and sensation (yes) 1

Pupils-(a) equality (b) reaction to light and touch (unequal; no reaction)

Is body temperature raisE:d (yes)

Diagnose onset of compression. Confirm fracture of base of skull

FURTHER TREATMENT.

Raise head and shoulders, lower feet

Head inclined to side as before; retain cold applications

Keep patient covered and warm; carefully watch patient 1 Total SO

No f.

What kinds of bleeding from the calf of the leg may occur and how may they be controlled?

Time allowed, 4 minutes, be-ginning when you receive this card.

Bleeding from the calf of the leg may be of four kinds -arterial, capillary, venous, or venous from a varicose vein 4

In all cases there may be natural control by the formation of a clot 2

I n all cases lay the patient on his back 2

ARTERIAL.

Apply direct pressure-digital (except over a fracture or foreign body) 4

Apply direct pressure-clean dry dressing, pad, and bandage (lightly if fracture or foreign body is suspected) 4

Apply indirect pressure-digital on Femoral Pressure Point 2

Apply indirect pressure- tourniquet or pad and bandage on Femoral Pressure Point . , 2

Elevate limb, if not fractured.

CAPILLA RY.

Apply direct pressure- clean dry dressing and bandage 2 VENOUS.

Apply direct pressure-digital (except over a fracture or foreign body)

Apply direct pressure-clean dry dressing, pad, and bandage (lightly if fracture or foreign body is suspected)

Remove constrictions abo\ e wound

Apply constriction below wound 2

Elevate limb, if not fractured.. 2

IF THE VENOUS BLEEDING IS FROM A VARICOSE VEIN.

Apply direct pressure- digital...

Apply direct pressure- pad and bandage

Apply constriction below wound

Apply constriction above wound

Remove garters or suspenders

Elevate limb, if not fractured Total

AID CITY OF LONDON SPECIAL CONSTABULARY.

The annual competitions of the Force were he d last month at Headquarters.

On May 11th the individual competitions took place fo r the" IVlcRea c u p and of an individua l pract cal and a 'voce. All tests were set on the new textbook of the S.J.A.A.; the competitors showed by their work that they had an excellent knowledge of the up-to-date teachings.

Sergt. A. G Churchill (G Company, " A " Division), the holder of the trophy, was again successful. A/ Sgt J Quick, Sg-t. S G Banks, and S. C. G. L. Bailey followed closely behind.

The viva voce (or diagnosis) questions also counted fOI the team test held on fay 18th for the" Sir William Smith cup. As in previous years, the injuries were definitely told and teams were expected to finish as quickly as possible. Any faults, wrong bandages, undue movement, wrong treatment, etc., were penalised by adding certain numbers of seconds to the actual time taken.

After a most interesting set of tests, including loading a conscious patient suffering from a fractured spine (lumbar region), "C" Division was declared the winning team, the runners-up being A 2 team. The winning team comprised A/ Sgt. Quick (captain), Sgt. Banks, S.C's. Bailey and l\lathys, all memhers of Lloyds' Company.

Commandant G. Foxon presided over the function, those present including Capt. Davison, Asst. Commissioner City Police, Chief Staff Officer Major Chalk, Capt. A. C. White Knox and Capt. F. E. Bendix, the judg-es at the individual and team contests, Capt. \V. Goodley, 1\1. C. (Commissioner, S.]. A. B.), Mr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary, S.J.A.A ), and many officers of the Force including Div. Commanders Sir Dudley Pryde, Wade and Walters.

The Commandant presented the trophies and congratulated all competitors on their keenness and enthusiasm.

Capt. White Knox also praised the work and gave particulars of the year's undertaking. Out of 107 students 96 obtained passes, and he hoped to see increased number this year, more especially in the voucher class. He extended thanks to Capt. Bendix for his assistance, and to Commanders C. G. Emery and G E. Craft for the work undertaken during the year. He also expressed his appreciation of the assistance given by the Commandant and his staff.

Capt. Bendix stressed the importance of first aid as did also Capt. Goodley who thanked the Commandant for his hospitality.

Or d er of St. John.

At the meeting of the Chapter General held on May 20th, the Earl of Scarbroug-h, Sub-Prior, announced that the King had approved the appointment of Lord Clarendon to be Chancellor of the Order in succession to Lieut.-General Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston, who has retired.

Lord Clarendon was Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 1931 to 1937 and was head of the Commandery in Southern Africa of the Order of St. John.

Sir Aylmer Hunter- Weston, a well-known figure at final competitions in London, was appointed Chancellor in 1924. He was chairman of the committees which discussed the extensive revisions of the Statutes of the Order when new Charters were granted in 1926 and 1936.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries a n d others with specimen copies of this Journal fer distribution among their members Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, -46 Csnl1e" ,st., London E.C.

Railway Ambulance News.

Inter-Railway Final, 1938.

ONE mig-ht almost accuse the competition authorities and the E lstree studios of being on the L. M. S. In the first place the staging in the team test had an engine marked "L. 1\1. S." and, in the second place, the name of Sir Josiah Stamp (President of the was on the programme to present the prizes. There is still a third point-the numbers on the eng-ine (166) made 13 and it is exaccly thirteen years since an L. M. S. team was successful. Ho\\'ever, there can be no doubt that the result was enth'Jsiastically received and the win a most popular one. It seemed a little strange not to hear •• Southern Railway,

Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B.,judgedtheteam test and the No.5, whilst Dr. ;\'1. M. Scott judged the other individual tests. That set for No.4 was most unusual, he had to prepare a patient's own bedroom with the assistance of one unskilled bystander. This test has been g-iven before as a question but not, to our knowledge, as a practical test. It was interesting- to watch the efforts of competing No 4's but it was easy to pick out those who were also members of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade. They were by far the best Colonel J. T. W. Perowne (Hospitaller of The Order) presided at the subsequent announcement of results and presentation of awards, and moved a hearty vote of thanks to Sir Josiah Stamp for being present to distribute the prizes Sir Percival Wilkinson (Secretary-General of The Order) announced the results, which were :-

first" at the prize presentation, but the fact that another line has been successful adds to the interest of the competition

The Great Central Hotel, London, certainly had a "railway outlook" on May 26th. On entering the team test room one saw an engine and train displayed very realistically, although we must mention that Sir Josiah Stamp assured those present that engines on the L.M.S. were not made of wood. A platform, rather barren, was a so depicted, but little was left to the imagination of the competitors. One criticism we make is the use of a table for the ambulance. This is always a very primitive part of the staging and we suggest that a wooden frame, similar to that used at the Southern Railway competition, would be more realistic.

It was interesting to meet competitors of bygone days among those who witnessed the work of the competitors. T he social side of functions such as the Inter-railway is, to some, of as great an importance as the competitions themse ves.

Sir Josiah Stamp presented the championship trophy to Crewe Works and the "Corbet Fletcher" trophy to Horsham. He also handed individual prizes to members of all teams.

Sir Josiah, addressing the gathering, admitted his pleasure on an L.M.S. team winning. He admired the keenness of the competitors and spoke of the excellent stag-ing-. The railway companies realised the importance of having a well trained body of men in ambulance work.

CREWE WORKS SUCCESSFUL AT LAST.

Crewe Works (L.M.S.) receiving the Championship Shield from Sir Josiah Starn p

FIRST A.ID

Capt. \Vhite Knox replied to a vote of thanks on behalf of both judges and paid great credit to the leader of the winning team.

Appreciation was expressed hy the chairman to Mr. D. G. 10nteith (competition secretary) for the splendid arrangements made so that the competitions were run in an excellent manner.

THE TESTS.

TEA:-'l TEsT.-Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 were standing on the platform of a railway station when a train drew in. It stopped with a jerk and a number of large lumps of coal fell from the tender on to the fireman in the cab of the engine. He was knocked down and fell forward with head against the firebox.

The teams were handed the following card :- You are on the platform of a raihyay station discussing- the advantages of a kno\yledge of first aid, and how quickly assistance can be given in an emergency, especially when you know that stations have up-to-date first aid kit available. A train is just pulling in to the platform where you are standing and there is a bystander nearby. Act when the necessity arises. Time allowed, 20 minutes, beginning when you receive this card.

All injuries were well faked on the patient and the marks allotted were as follow :-

Rapid approach to patient 2

Immediately dispatch member for first aid material 2

Call out to fireman to try to stop steam escape 4

(If asked fireman throws sacks over water gauge)

Quickly remove lumps of coal from driver 2

Gently draw his head away from firebox... 4

Immediately cover obvious burn on forehead 2

Realising danger to patient and shortage of room 4

Quickly tie legs together and, placing arms in coat 4

Carefully lift driYer, carry him on to platform and lay him down gently 6

Is there any obvious hcemorrhage (no) 2

Cover him with coats 2

Detain fireman for examination 2

Keep back any crowd and ask for stationmaster to be informed 2

Send messenger to telephone for doctor and ambulance (they will be here shortly) 4

Speak to patient. Does he respond (he calls out in pain) 2

Reassure him and tell him you are first aiders and will look after hi m... 2

Ask position of pain (he says he has difficulty in talking he indicates head, right shoulder, and left leg) 3

Detail men to these parts to steady them... 6

Dispatch bystander to Refreshment Room for baking soda, basins, hot and cold water, etc. 2

Investigate difficulty in talking; find irregularity right side lower jaw ... 4

Diagnose fracture of lower jaw 2

Support it with hand until arrival of first aid kit 3

(First aid ki t, basins, soda, hot and cold water arrive.)

lake solution baking soda and water 98'4 degs. (one dessertspoonful to a pint of warm water) 4

Apply lint soaked in this to burn on forehead 2

Cover with cotton wool and bandage lightly 2

Carefully examine rest of head for injury (none except jaw) 4

Centre of narrow bandage under chin and tie above forehead 1

Centre of narrow bandage in front of chin and tie at back of neck .. 1

Tie ends of bandages together 1

Does patient sick or to vomit (no) 1

Examine right shoulder and shoulder-blade (you find pain and irregularity over right shoulder-blade) 4

Diagnose fracture of right shoulder-blade 2

Are there any signs of a wound (no) ... 2

Carefully examine for any signs of fracture of ribs (none)

Apply centre of broad bandage in right armpit, cross over uninjured shoulder

And tie under that armpit

Carefully examine both arms for signs of injury (you find pain and irregularity in the middle shaft of the right humerus)

Are there any signs of a wound (no)

Do not apply St. John sling- to right arm 4

Steady right arm into natural position .. 2

Place forearm at a right angle to upper arm 2

Support wrist in small arm sling

Apply splints front, back, and outer side of arm 4

Bandages above and below fracture 4

Note redness on palms both hands. Steam scalds (yes) 4

Bathe both hands in warm baking powder solution 4

Dress with lint soaked in solution

Cover with cotton wool and bandage lightly -+

Examine thighs and legs for signs of injury (pain and irregularity of left fibula)

Diagnose fracture of fibula

Are there any signs of a wound (no) 2

Gently draw left foot into natural position and hold iliere 2

Apply corrert length splints outer and inner side of leg -+

Secure splints by bandages above and helow fracture -+

Immediately above knee and round both ankles -+

A broad bandage round both knees

Correct tension of all fracture bandages -+

Keep patient continuously well covered -+

2

4

2

4

4

4

while pushing a barrow containing quicldime, slipped and fell forward with his face in the quicklime. He is found to be s.uffering from burns of the face and eyes, and poisoning, havlOg swallowed some of the quicklime. A doctor and ambulance have been summoned and first aid material is available. There is a bystander. '

Nos 2 and 3 are in the Porter's Room of a small railway station, where a porter is trying to lift a heavy case. He stumbles and falls, and sustains a fracture of the right leg and a rupture of the muscle on the left side of the chest wall, in front. A doctor and ambulance have been summoned.

No.4. is to make the necessary preparations, 111 the patIent s bedroom, to receive a case of suspected fracture of the nght leg. There is one unskilled bystander and all reasonahle requirements will be supplied on request.

No.5 has. to render first aid to the fireman of an engine "":ho has receIved the injuries: wound on nose, bite of tongue, and bleeding from mouth. First aid material is available.

2

4

2

The was .set such a manner as to give me plenty of opportunity of Judging the method in \\.' hich the various injuries were put up. There was little or no difTlculty in finding the injuries and most teams .round them ea.sily. As the fracture injuries are found, captain hould get mto the habit of detailing men to stead) tho e limb.

2

State of pulse (rapid and weak) 1

State of breathing (quick, sighing, and irregular)

State of skin (cold and clammy)

Colour of face (pale)

Examine for futher injuries (none) 2

Send for hot tea and hot bottles 2

Cover and apply hot bottles to pit of stomach and oyer heart -+

Loosen jaw bandages and give sips of hot tea. Re-apply bandages

Keep head low

Apply smelling salts to nostrils after testing

Order stretcher to be prepared, covered with blankets and tested 5

Interrogate fireman (shows no injury) ...

Note name and address of both men and report 2

(Judge, at "5 minutes to go," doctor and ambulance have arrived)

Report diagnosis: Burns of forehead, scalds of hands, fracture of jaw, fracture of right scapula, simple fracture of right humerus, simple fracture of left fi bula, shock 7

(Doctor orders loading stretcher and into ambulance)

Nos. 1, 2 and 3 on left of patient, o. 4 on the right.

Lift patient 6

Place stretcher and lower patient 4

Re-soak all burn dressings, adjust hot-water bottles, and well cover

Carry to ambulance

Lift and load stretcher into ambulance 6

Collect and return all gear

Total 250

The individual tests, in all of which 8 minutes were allotted, were:No.1 is called to the Porter's messroom to a man who,

The fracture of the right humerus was badly neglected whde the scapula was being dealt with. After all the scapula with no rib complications was not nea;ly so Illlportant as the fracture of the humerus.

Ther.c still a t.endency to hurry over detail; and the neat applIcatIOn of Splillts, dressings and bandages is still to me rna t important. This was where the leadino- team cored most of their marks. I have nothing but ad;;'iration for lh.e perfectly correct leading of this team and for the strict carr) Ing- out of all orders of their captain.

I would s.ay that the team test was done \'ery well indeed byal\ competItors. On the other hand the test for No. 5 was done universally badly, and I find that "vhere hcemorrhage is concerned this is nearly always so. It is the sort of work that the fir t aider does worse than any other.

The n;arking sheet will show how I place the injuries in respect of lInportance. It was then purely selective treatment. Fir aiders must learn in competition work first of all to dmg-nose the various conditions and then treat them by item in their respective importance. So many competitors got mixed up in the tangle of these injuries of separat1l1g: them into bleeding from the nose, with Its treatment; bleed1l1g" from the tongue, with its treatment; and capillary hcemorrhage from a wound on the nose. It is so simple when you split it up.

The use of dressings was again very badly handleduSIng a mass when a small piece is quite sufficient and little or ?o care in to contamination. This is a subject in first alders need lots of practice and teachers are 1I1cl1l1ed to pass over this most important piece of first aid because there is no special practice for it in the textbook. go the routine of sterilising hands, laYing out cuttIng them correctly, dealing with the and applyIng the dressings in the correct manner. I think it should have a practice time in the manual lectures so important do I consider it.

It is a real delight to judge teams of the calibre of the Railway teams and I hope those of them who read this will my criticism as instructive and not in any way destructIve,

INDIVIDUAL TESTS-By M. M. SCOTT, M.R.C.S.

the test tor 1 o. 1 the diagnosis was obvious, viz: qUicklIme burns o.f .eyes and face, and poisoning. My object was to test the abIlity of the competitor to assess the relative i':nportance of the injuries and his ingenuity in affording Simultaneous treatment. Judicious use of the bystander would have enabled at least a part of the eye treatment to have been given while the antidote was being administered for the poisoning; obviously the poisoning and eye burns should have taken precedence over the face burns notwithstanding their importance. I was surprised to' find that failed in their actual methods of treatment. I wtll only refer to the elementary, but much misunderstood fact that corrosive Alkali burns should be treated with weak acid diluted), after which they cease {from the first aid pomt of VIew) to be corrosive but become ordinary burns and are treated as such with bicarbonate of soda solution lnotwithstanding thi.s is an alkaJine solution).

Nos. 2 and 3 had to ImprOVise, no splints or suitable being .available. A fracture in the ankle region IS n.otonously dl!licult to diagnose in practice. Often s;velltngs obscures all other injuries and careful IS necessary to differentiate from sprain and dIslocatIOn, The real clue to the diagnosis was "snap of bone heard and felt." When in doubt the wise rule is to for the more serious injury (fracture) and some com.scored valuabl.e marks for doing this although their dIagnOSIs was uncerta1l1.

criticism of the treatment of this injury was that III tylllg the. ankles together many competitors displayed lack of cautIOn by actually tying the bandages over the The.ruptured muscle was easily diagnosed by suffiCIently searching in their methods of Marks not only for diagnosing the IIlJury b':lt also elImmatlng other possible injuries. A sound dIagnosticIan should bear in mind that more than one. i?jury may be present in one place. Incidentally this is an IIlJury I have personally seen on several occasions. 4 had to make the necessary arrangements (in the patIent own bedroom) to receive a case of suspecfed fracture o.f the. r.lght leg. ,!,he only difficulty in this test was its very SimplICIty. One either knew or did not know what to do consequently the standard varied from excellent to weak.

This test was rather complicated to set and I would like to thank Mr. D. Monteith (the competition secretary), who not only prOVIded the numerous detailed requirements but also supervised the rehearsal. I would also like to extend m)' highest praise to the No. of of the Horsham team. His individual effort was brilliant and enhanced the fine reputation he has already made for himself as a first aider.

In conclusion I congratulate the winners and runnersup on their succes.ses. Crewe .were deserving champions. They worked eaSIly and effiCIently with a full sense of responsibility and understanding. Each man pulled his weIght and they deserve the highest praise for a magnificent performance.

Gre at Wes t e r n.

A .R.P.-:- The Great Western Railway has drawn up a comprehenslve scheme of air raid precautions. The schen:e for trail:ing members of the Company's staff m first aId, fire-fightmg, deco.ntamination rescue and demolition work; the protection of yital pdints on the Con:pany's .and the screening of lighting at statIOns and m trams, etc.; and the protection of personnel.

The trainino- of "key)) members is now in course

TEAl\l TEST - By A. C. WHITE KNOX, M.C., I.B, Ch. B.

of operation and trallllng schools in charge of q,:alified instructors have already been introduced at Birmingham, Bristol, windon, Newport, Cardiff, Swansea and Plymouth.

T\lembers of the staff \\"ho han quallfi d at Falfield Anti-Gas School have heen appointed staff instructor.

DORcHEsTER.-The presentation of examination awards and efficiency medals to members of the Dorchester class took place at the Corn Exchange, on 17th and marked the 21st anniYersary of the formatIOn of the class. Its founder, Mr. T. F. E. J aken:an, (station master, \Yeymouth), presided over the and the presentations were made by. the Mayor, CounCillor \V. H. J ewell, who wa accompa111ed by the Mayoress. Other present were Captain Lyndon l\Ioore.. Borough A.R.P. Officer , ;"1r. G. S. Hodd e r , Divisional Ambulance Secre-

AID

O'atherinO' unique in ambulance circles, was held in London on Saturday, May 28th, when some 700 of the Company's gold efficiency awards for from lJ to 35 years' service, with their wives, assembled from all parts of the system. Lunch was taken at the Gorner House, Coventry treet, after which the embarked for a siaht-seeing tour of London, Wmd or and Hampton returning to the Corner for tea. Telegrams of congratulation and good wIshes were received from well wishers of the movement who to he present. The arrangements .for the )?;athenng, whIch. was \ oted a conspicuous uccess 111 a senes of happy reU11l0ns, were in the capable hands of Mr. R. F. Secretary for the London A Division, and hIS commIttee.

SWINDOK.-An ambulance league cmbodying teams in the Swindon district has recently becn formed by the windon Committee) with gratifyin o success. than thirteen teams entered the league, h 'o DIVI Ions beinO' formed. The first season's programmc of matches was °completed on April 20th a final match the leading- teams in each DIVIsIon. Dr. R. B. HIck, l\LR.C.S., L.R.c.P., has kindly prcsented a ehalIeng:e hield to be held annually by the winning team) anc;I thIS trophy 'was won 011 the occasion by' the SW111don G.\V.R. \Vorks team capta1l1ed hy Mr. J. DIxon.

london, Mid l a nd a nd Scot t i sh.

WmIEX'S FINAL. - This \\ a held at Ellston. on 1\Iay 27th, when Glasgow "B," Glasgow London "A" and London" C " contested the champion hlp cup. The judges were Dr. '..V. ;"1egaw, of London (team and No.5) and Dr. A. S. Holden of Preston (individual and questions).

Miss Hooton who for some years led the Euston competition team.

Thanks were extended to thc doctors, Sir vVm. Good and Mr. Derbyshire.

Mr. G. S. IIi II, General Ambulance Secretary, was responsible for the competition and deserves praise on his organisation.

CA1v1DEN.-At a concert and dance, held on .May 21st, .Mr. A. L. Castleman, District Goods Manager, presented 7 certificates, 8 voucher, -+9 labels; Gold Bars for 20 years' service to Messrs. II. McDoLlgalt W. D. W. Peyton and W. J. Read; a replica of the "Station" Trophy to H. E. Salishury; silver medal to S. A. Purves; hronze medal, II. E. Morgan; silver and gold medal to K.. mall, \\ inner of competition [or first year men.

Ir. E. IIan,"ood, Chief Clerk, in the ab cnce of l.Ir. 1 ixon, C;ooc1 Agent, presided, and welcomed l\1r. Castleman, Dr. 1.1egaw, Mr. \V. \V. Sharp and others, thanking them for their support.

AID 3 21

Dr. G. B. Horrocks acted as judge and prizes provided by Mr. J. T. Wiggans were distributed by J. Traynor, who was accompanied by Messrs. J. Hird and J. Townsend.

1\1oRECA1\1BE.-The 5th annual supper was held on .May 5th, and about SO members and friends spent an enjoyable evening. Mr. J. B. Winder distributed the following awards:- "Wilkinson" Challenge Cup and prizes: 1, E. A. Saunders; 2, McDonnell; 3, M. Swindlehurst; also 3 certificates, 3 vouchers and 14 medallions.

RE.DDITCIl.-.i\Ir. C. F. Ratcliffe presided over the annual presentation of awards function, at which there was a large attendance. Mr. E. H . Garfield distributed 1 voucher, 2 medallions and 16 labels, and on behalf of the Class, Supt. T. W. Arey presented Dr. N. C. Burns with a cocktail shaker in recognition of his work.

Shrewsbury Women's G. W. R. Team. Winners of "Florence M. Lean" Cup. tary and l\1r. 1. R. Launch bury, Class Secretary. The Mayor congratula t ed the members on their success and made a special appeal for more for work. A short resume of progress m Division was giyen by 1\1r. and 1l1terest1l1g and varied entertainment prOVided by the Spnddell School of Dancing, Pat Rogers' New Rhythm Band, the Wessex Singers and other artistes.

WEY1-IOUTH.-A combined presentation ?f awards to members of the Weymouth Station) Locomobve and Quay ambulance classes was held at the S t ar and Ga.rter Hotel, on 1\lay 18th, under th e presidency of the statIOn Mr. T. F. E. J akeman, and took the form of smok1l1g concert. Am ong the gu ests were Dr. F. H. Rodier Heath, Dr. Colin 11. Forbes, Dr. R. V. S. Copper, Mr. G. S. Hodder, Diy. Amb. Secretary, offiCials of, the Company and secretaries of the respective classes. 1 he Mayor of Weymouth, Councillor Bert presented gold medals for first aid efficiency and exammatlOn awards, and said they felt justly proud of the record of ambulance work at Weymouth. Reports of the year's work were given by Messrs. G. S. Hodder and W. J. Bellamy.

GOLD l\IEDALLISTS' OUTING.-The sixteenth outing 'Of Great Western Railway ambulance gold medallists, a

There was a good gathermg of Company qffi.cers t.o witness the tests , including ir Wrn. '..Vood dent) , Mr. G. L. Darbyshire (Labour and Mr. W. E. C. Lazenby, liss Gatto (Chief Women Welfare Supervisor) and others. Also present was Col. Mackintosh (Chairman) and 1\1r. J. H. H. Henderson (General Secretary) of the St. Ambulance ASSOciation. and Capt. A. Cahusac (ChIef Sccretary) and :-'lr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary) of the St. John Ambulance Association.

The test set the teams was that of a woman cleaner who had slipped on a piece of soap and fallcn down some steps. Injuries present were fracture, tempo.ral region, with slight h<emorrhag;e, dlfty wound,. conCUSSIOn and later compression, and a SImple fracture rIght

The individual test and questions were of a vaned nature dealinO' with many phases of first aid work. It was, very disconcerting to the answers given by the English and Scottish For instance, in concussion the pulse, accordmg to the English textbook is quick and weak, but .the correct answer according to the St. Andrew textbook IS weak and slo7.o! As there were alternative answers allowed, all was well.

Mr. Derbyshire presided at the subsequent presentation ceremony and announced the result as follows: 1st, London (lC," 295! marks; 2nd, Glasgow Accounts, 283; 3rd, Glasgow "B," 276; 4th, London "A," . Sir Wm. Wood presented the champIOnshIp cup to the winning team and also individual'prizes to .competitor. Glasgow Accounts also received the prehmmary round Rose Bowl.

For the first time a Long Service 15 years Medal had been awarded a woman employee, and this was handed to

Sir William Wood presenting the Championship Cup to London" C" Team.

l.Ir. Castleman referred to the continued success of the Camden team.

Reference was made to Mr. F. J. Tull, who received his label marking 36 years' continued service. 1.1r. Tu11, who is retiring in a few weeks, was the 'vyinner of the "Sleath Gent" trophy (indiyidual championship of the No. 1 District, .J.A.B.) in 1922.

DERBy.-On l\lay 13th, Mr. E. Pug on distributed the follov. ring awards O'ained by members of the C. and W. Corps :-Gold Bars: J. A. Parnell) G. Woodbridge. Corps

Competition: Seniors, S. Jackson, W. Barsby; Intermediate, A. Maul; Juniors, A. Wright, E. Allen and G. Rice. Medal presented by Mr. A Briers for best junior, Alf. Wright. Mr. Pug on also distributed 19 certificate, 10 vouchers, 12 medallions and 64 labels.

KIRKHAM AND WESHAM.-R. Eadon, EnO'ineering Department, won the silver cup at the second annual competition held recently. Second place was gained by W. Carter, Signal and Telegraph Dept.

London and North Eastern.

Two mobile instructional units for training the L.N.E.R. staff in Air Raid Precautions are under construction by tne Company.

Training the staff in this subject has been actively in progress for many months now, and classes at a number of centres on the system at which lecture rooms been improvised have become a matter of routine. Large numbers of the staff have already qualified. The mobile units will be useful for training the staff on branch lines remote from the main training centres and will also be valuable for demonstration purposes. Each unit will comprise a lecture and dressinO' room, a washing room fitted with shower baths, an undressing room, and proper storage accommodation for respirators, protective clothing, and appliances.

One of the vehicles will be used in the Home Counties and Midlands and another will be allocated to the NorthEastern Counties and Scotland.

NORTH EASTERN AREA.

TIlE L.N.E. Railway Company have been pleased to

L. M.S. Women's Competition.

approye the i tle of the following Long Service Gold Award for the half-year ending ),1arch 31st) 1938:

MEDALS.

Name.

Agar, J. R. Alderson, R. Bell, J. Beresford, J. \V. Buckle, R. Buckle, T. Buston, R. S. Cherry, H. Denman, E. H. Fishburn, L. G.

Hall, J. Kirkman, R. Lazenby, YA/. Madden, J. Martin, W. S. )'1ason) F. Potter, R. K. Richardson, J. S. Robinson, J. E. Spears, F. M. Tiplady, J. Wilkinson, \\T. G. \Nilson, R. Young, C. E.

Stead, F. C. Thompson, F. Wilkinson, G.

Beal, J. W. Brown, J. Lawson. W. Scott, D.

Angood, J. W. Hinchcliffe) J.

Barker, A.

Grade.

ignalman

ignalman Sergeant Electrician

Goods Guard Signalman

Charge Fitter Clerk Goods Porter Relief Chief Lineman

Foreman ergeant Blacksmith Fitter

Fitter Telegraphist Messenger Sergeant Weighman \i\1heelwright Foreman Sergeant Signalman

20 YEARS) BAR.

Labourer Passenger Porter Guard

25 YEARS) BAR. Clerk Cranedriver Fitter Yard Inspector

30 YEARS) BAR.

tation.

Hartlepool

Kirkby Stephen

Tweedmouth

West Hartlepool

Kirkby Stephen

Ravenstonedale

Percy Main

Hull

Leeds,\iVellington St.

Hull

Plawsworth

Gascoigne Wood

Tyne Dock

Darlington

Heaton

Heaton

Selby

Sunderland

Tyne Dock

Faverdale

York

Selby

ewcastle

1Tarske

York

Darlington

Sunderland

York

West Hartlepool

vVest Hartlepool

Tyne Dock

Driyer Leeds Neville Hill

Chargeman Cleaner

35 YEARS) BAR.

Leeds Neville Hill

),Iineral Guard Dunston

L.P.T.B. (Metropolitan).

On Wednesday, May 25th) the distribution of examination and special awards took place at the General Offices, Balser Street.

Mr. A. J. Webb (Vice-Chairman) presided) supported by NIr. J. L. B. Lindsay (Chief Staff Officer)) Brigadier

W. B. O. Bame, C.B.E., D.S.O. (Secretary of the Order of St. John), Mr. S. J. Warren (Asst. Commissioner, S.J.A.B.), District Officer Claridge) Corps Supt. Kersley, Mr. J. A. Gravestock (Ambulance Secretary) and others.

Mr. Webb welcomed all present and introduced Brigadier Barne, who gave a short address on "The Order and its \iVork." In the space of but 30 minutes Brigadier Barne covered the work of the Order from its early days to 1938 in an interesting and descriptive manner.

Mr. Lindsay presented the first aid awards) including 14 certificates, 9 vouchers, 12 medallions and ] 00 labels, a total of 135 as against 124 last year. The special

AID

meritorious award was presented to Mr. Herbert Brudewell and other special awards lo Messrs. IIenry Huxtable, Joh11 Denman) Wm. A. Facer and Leslie Hannan. Service medals (15 years') were presented to J. Ford, W. Harper. F. Harris and F. Smith; Bars for 20 years to H. King, F. Miller and 1-L hepherd; for 30 years to G. Lloyd. " Hally" Tablet medals \A. ere distrihuted as follows: -1st year, Fredk. Honnor; 2nd year S. Kingsnorth; 3rd year, F. Edwards.

l\Ir. Lind ay said that the Board was 110t unmindful of the first aid work carried out by members of the Metropolitan line. In addition to first aiel men had attended A.R.P. com es and many had become instructors, so that eventually all member wOt1ld be fully trained in the work. He congratulated all members who had recei\'Ccl awards, especially those gaining the Service Medal and Bars. Such sen ice was a great encouragcment to others.

l\fr. Webb proposed a yotc of thanks to Brigadier Barne and to 1Ir. Lindsay. Mr. \Vatkins (Vice-Pre ic1ent) seconded the proposition.

Mr. Grayestock, on behalf of the Ccntre) thanked the Officers of the Board for thei r continued support. He also expressed thanks to As t. Commissioner Warren and hi staff for their presence.

Three cheers for 1\1r. Granstock for the hard work done brought the function to a close.

An Excellent Competition Recopd.

Crewe are justly proud of the successes they haye g-ained this year in the competition world. "\'hether as Crewe Division of the S.J.A.B., or as Cre\ye Works of the L.:\1. Railway, this team has gained success after success.

On fay 26th they crowned their efTorts by winning- the Inter-Railway hield for the first time. Two \\'eC'ks hefore that they were successful in winning the" Dewar" hield, the" Trimble" Trophy (hig-hest individual), anJ the" Ellis" Cup (best leader) at the AII-Eng-Ianel S. J. A. B. Finals.

In addition to these trophies, they have won this year the " Whittal,er" Cup (best Cheshire team), " Crosfield " Challenge Shield, "Tweedale" Shield (Lancashire. Cheshire, Westmorland and Cum berland), he L. J. S. Prelilllinarr Shield, and the L.l\1.S. Finals Runners-up Cup.

The team is composed of 1\lr. A. V. Gibson (Oiv. Sup\. and captain of the team), Pts. S. J. Perkins, E. :'II. Jones, J. C. Stubbs, J. Ashley and T. Stockton.

At the time of writing- these lines Crewe have t\.\·o more competitions to face and in all probability further honours will be theirs.

We heartily congratulate this team on their fine- achievements, not only on this year but on their efforts in t he past. ---. _.

The "Morley" cup competition for Cadets of the Aldershot Division was held on June 1st. " A "team were placed first followed by " B" team. Mrs. R. Morley, donor of the cup and medals, presented the awards.

The 8th annual inter-divisional first aid competition of the Leeds City Police was held recently and resulted in a win for" B" Division and they were awarded the "Gulgrass" trophy. The highest individual score was that of p.e. bted and he was awarded the" Chief Constable's" trophy. Col. G. H. L. Hammerton (team) and Dr. E. W. Leasdale White (individual) were the judges. Mrs. F. Swaby, wife of the Leeds Chief Constable, presented the prizes.

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CAMP FOR MEMBERS OF NURSING DIVISIONS, S.l.A. B.

Attention is again called to the camp to be held for the nursing personnel of the Brigatle at Rossall School, between Fleetwood and Blackpool, from July 30th to August 6th, particulars of which were given in our February issue. The cost per head for the week, inclusive of board and lodging, will be 37 / 6 for officers and 35/- for members.

Rossall School is most delightfully situated, being really on the seashore. There is a private chapel, beautiful dining-hall, co mfortable sitting-rooms, and the windows of most of the bedrooms look right out to sea. There are also tennis courts and large playing fields and a swimming pool.

There will be lectures and a certain amount of practical work daily, with plenty of free time in which members may follow their own pleasures.

All applications must be made on the official form which can be obtained by officers in charge of Divisions from the office of the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John's Gate, London, E. C.1. No application will be considered after July 23rd.

The following letter has been received from some provincial members of the Brigade. While we sympathise with them, matters of uniform being in other hands than ours, we can only draw the authorities' attention to the matter.

" We have heard a rUlnour that nursing members of the Brigade are soon to have a new style of hat. Would it not be possible for an alteration to be made in the uniform coat? The one now in use is too hot for summer wear, and is by no means waterproof. vVe were at a Church Parade r<!cently when rain soaked right through our coats and dresses, our necks, arms and backs getting quite wet.

"' it not be more serviceable to have this garment made of proofed cloth or waterproof cravette, with a detachable lining? It would then be comfortable in all weathers."

No.1 DISTRICT, S. J.A.B. CENTRAL AREA.-No. 39 (Temple) Nursing Division have now held their divisional competition, which had been postponed from the autumn. The" Thekla Bowser" cup was won for the second year in succession by Am b. Sister A. Hurrell, Amb. Sister A. Green being second.

Lady District Officer Miss Grindley judged the first aid, Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Milburn the home nursing, and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Morshead the uniform.

Members of No. 73 (Shoredith) Nursing Division entered for the divisional competitions on May 17th, the judges being Dr. L. G. Norman (first aid) and Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Johnson (home nursing and uniform).

The" Brookes" cup for first aid was won by Amb. Sister D. E. Fuller.

No.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.

LEE-ON-SOLENT NURSING DIVISION.- The official open-

ing of the Brigade's new first aid station and medical comforts' depot at Lee was performed on Sunday, May 29th, by Dr. Glen, Assistant County Commissioner for the Eastern Area of Hampshire. The new station has been erected on ground owned by tbe Portsmouth Electricity Undertaking, on the corner of Beach Road and Marine Parade East. A large gathering of officers and members from the Gosport Corps had assembled with the general public to witness the ceremony. Owing to the wet weather it was decided to adjourn to the Lowry Hut where tea was provided by the Lee-on-Solent Nursing Division for their guests and friends.

The Division is very grateful to Messrs. Young and Son who supplied free of charge the labour required to erect the station; also to lr. Trevor J. Tatham for preparing the plan which he presented to the Nursing Division, and to all who by gifts and services rendered have enabled the work to be carried out so successfully.

The depot will be open from 5 to 6 p. m. on 1ondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and articles can be obtained at any time on application to Miss Scott, Old Leys, High-street, Lee-on-Solent.

SOUTHAMPTON NURSING Dl\'ISIONS. - The annual inspection of the Nursing Divisions ot the Southampton Corps took place on May 25th. About 40, including- nursing cadets, took part in the parade, and first aid demon trations were given.

The inspecting officer was Lady County Supt. Irs. Hayes. Dr. Glen, Assistant Commissioner for the Ea tern Area of Hampshire, was also present and addressed the assembly.

SOUTIIBOURNE NURSING DI\ ISION.-SoUlhbourne V.A. D. formetl from the S.J.A.B. Nursing Division, was inspected by Major T. Parr on May 21st. He was accompanied by Major A. Tennyson Smith, County Commissioner of the Brigade.

The parade was under the command of Miss Phillips, the Commandant. After the inspection, members were given a series of tests, chiefly dealing with phosgene gas. The" R. T. Ellison" Rose Bowl, given hy Mr. Ellison for competition among the V.A. D's. of Hampshire for the highest marks gained in home nursing in the Compton competition, was presented to the winners, Southbourne V.A. D., by Mrs. Ellison on May 26th. Those present on the occasion included Lady County Supt. Mrs. Hayes, Lady County Officer Miss Hayes, Lady Corps Officer Miss Aish, and County Surgeon Dr. Bottomley.

No.3 DISTRICT (WESTERN), S.J A. B. COMPETITION AT COVENTRY.-The Holbrooks Division retained both the" Walker" Cup and the" Nurse Gaskin" Memorial Shield in the competitions open to cadets held at Coventry on May 14th. The cup, competed for by girls between the ages of 15 and 17, was won by Holbrooks with 245t marks. Coventry were second with 193, Foleshill and Longford third with 182. In the shield competition, Holbrooks scored 213 marks, Foleshill and Longford t92t and

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The runners-up were awarded the new trophy, the" Shulman" Cup.

V.A. D. INSPECTION. -The annual inspection of V.A. D. vVarwick 94 was held at N uneaton on 1\1ay 21st, the Inspecting Officer being Lt.-Col. T. H. Robinson, D.S.O., R. A. He was accompanied by i\1ajor H. N. Forbes, 1\1. C., D.C.l\l., and Col. Trail Thomson, Assistant County Director for vVarwick.

About 30 members lined up for inspection, after which they divided into sections each of which had a case or cases to attend to.

Lt. -Col. Robinson said he was very pleased indeed with what he had seen that day and would like to congratulate them on their numbers and smart appearance, and the order in which their stores and medical comforts were kept.

No. -t DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. BLACKBURN CORPs.-In the annual competItIOn held among members of the Nursing Divisions of this Corps, Amb. Sister Chadwick won the "Kenyon" rose bowl for home nursing, and Amb. Sister E. Spencer the" Haworth" rose bowl for first aid.

Dr. Grace Fleming said that the practical work was far better done than in recent years.

The prizes were kindly presented by Dr. Edith Cunliffe, the Divisional Surgeon.

PKESCOT NUR.SING Dn"ISIoN.-At a recent examination in A. R. P. following the week-end course of instruction held at Preston, Lady Supt. E. Brown, S. R. N., was awarded a Grade I certifi c ate and Lady Amb. Officer C. M. Hutcheson a Grade II certificate.

No.5 DISTRICT, S.] .A. B. HARROGATE NURSING Dn"ISIoN.- The annual inspection of this Division was held on Wednesday, May 4th. There was a very good attendance, 44 members being present out of a total strength of 46.

This was a combined inspection by Brigadier-General W. Sandys, County Controller for the West Riding, Major Whelan, R.A. M. c., on behalf of the War Office, Dr. E. H. Lodge, County Surgeon, on behalf of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and Colonel C. H. i'vlilburn oi the V.A.D. Council.

After being inspected, practical tests were given to them, followed by questions on the treatment used.

Major Whelan said that on the whole the work was excellent, practical and sound. His only criticism was to pay greater attention to the treatment of burns.

General Sandys was pleased at the cheery and very efficient way they had carried out their duties and hoped that throughout the year they would maintain their efficiency. The increase in membership and the general turnout was very good indeed.

DISTRICT COMPETITIONS.

The" Birkbeck" bowl competition was held recently at Harrogate.

The winning team was Spalding with 210! marks. The others were placed :- 2, Nottingham, 198! 3, York, and Leeds (Victoria), 190i each 4, Rotherham, 5, Siaithwaite, 176 i ; 6, Denaby Main, 158.

The" Birkbeck" bowl was presented to the winners by Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O. B.E., who for many years was active in this District, and who, since her transfer to the South of England, has retained her interest in the work in the orth

The judges were Dr. E. H. Lodge, team test Dr. A. Fulton, individual; Miss Lingwood, Matron of Harrogate General Hospital, bedmaking, and Lady District Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck, uniforms.

No.9 DISTRICT, S.l.A. B. V.A. D. INSPECTION AT EXETER.- The annual inspection of V.A. D. Devon 120 took place on Thursday, May 19th. The Inspecting Officer was Col. \\ ' . L. Steel, who gave tests in gas drill, first aid and home nursing.

Brig.-Genl. W. F. S. Edwards, County Controller, congratulated liss Wood on raising a new Nursing Detachment at Heavitree.

PARKSTONE NURSING DIVISION.

A very successful com petition was held for the" Mrs. E. S. Bowes" cup, the teams taking part being Parkstone 1, 2 and 3, and Poole.

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Parkstone Nursing Division, ""inners of the "Mrs. E. S. Bov:es" Cup Competition.

Seated: Div. Surgeon L. laule Horne, 1. Le Blanc, Lady Supt. Irs. Martyn. Standing: A/ S. 's Birdsall, l\Jaidment and Thompson.

Parkstone No. 1 were the winner with 333 marks, Poole gaining 305.

The cup was presented by the retiring Lady County Officer, Mrs. Lansdown.

BRIGHTON AND HOVE DJ\ ISION V.A. D. INSPE CTIO -

A realistic "accident" was staged to test the efficiency of members of V.A.D. Sussex 56, B. R.C.S , on the occasion of the War Office Inspection held on May 14th. The detachment also gave a spectacular "gas" display , the first aid party in fulI protective clothing rescuing and treating a cllild who had run out into the street during an air raid.

The main hall of the Engineers' Drill Hall, Brighton, where the inspection took place, was laid out as a general ward in a hospital, having twelve beds where various c ase were treated. There was also a table set aside for invalid cookery on which dishes were daintily laid out.

Major S. O. Dolan, R. A. M. C., conducted the inspection, and at the close warmly commended the detachment on the excellent display, particularly on its efficiency in home nursing. Col. H. E. 'Weeks, O.B.E., County Director, commented on the improved drill.

Sussex V.A. 0.40 also underwent inspection at Brighton by Maior Dolan on the same day.

The Inspecting Officer said he had no idea when he came down to Brighton that he would have to inspect a detachment of such a size nor one which could boast such efficiency. Every demonstration given by the members showed the greatest ingenuity and was perfectly carried out. Re was also very pleased with the A. R. P. display, and was glad to see so many mobile members in tbe detachment.

Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.

Queries wjJJ be dealt with under the following rules :-

1.-Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top ldt-hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed to FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut from the curren t issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook to whi c h reference may be made is the 39th (1937) Edition ot the S.]. A. A. Manual of First Aid to the Injured.

OBSERVATIONS ON TEA:ll TEST.

A. M. (Forest Hill).-Re the team test of the Llandinan Shield Competition, which is published on p. 288 of the May issue of FIRST AID, ma y I point out that the patient's breathing has failed from what ? I observe that there are no burns or marks for treatinl{ same; that there are no marks for the treatment of shock; and that giv e n under" stimulant" are insufficient. I await your reply with interest.

The patient is unconscious as the result of electric shock which mayor may not be accompanied by burns. Your other observations are duly noted. -N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

E. M. (Highgate). -During a recent examination of a class of young ladies the doctor asked one of them to tell him the name of the main artery of the body. Probably thinking more of her cooking than her first aid, she promptly replied :-" The Atora Artery."

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED LE G

R. N. (Honor Oak).-Once again do we appear before" The Court of Common Appeal" with two cases for your judgment.

First, on p. 77 the old TextboC'k tells us that in the treatment of a fractured leg, when no splints are available, the ankles, knees and thighs should be tied together. N ow does it mean that only three bandages should be used. If so, they appear inadequate to me, because we are already minus the splint which is the main support. Alternatively I suggest that five bandages should be used with plenty of padding between the legs.

Three bandages applied to ankles, knees and thighs will, as a matter of fact, prove effective in preventing aggravation of a fractured leg, especially if, following the instructions of the new Textbook (p. 92) you apply the ankle bandage as a figure-of-eight round the ankles and feet.

Personally I consider that the absence of a splint renders the use of more than three bandages inadvisablE' lest the fragments of the fracture be further displaced. -N. C. F.

ADMINISTRATION OF PERMANGANATE.

J. c. (Waltham stow). -I should be pleased if you would h:indly enlighten me on a problem which has been puzzling me for some time. It is with regard to the administration of potassium permanganate in Opium Poisoning. The way in which I read the Textbook is that it should not be given in water, this method being used for the Condy's Fluid only. Common sense, however, prompts that in accordance with the other drugs mentioned it should be given in solution. I should, therefore, appreciate your ruling on this point and also as to whether or no the permanganatc would have any corrosive action if given in any other way than in water (put on the back of th e tongue and washed down with a little Auid, for example).

I thank you in anticipation for your kind remarks.

It is evident that a semi-colon has been inadvertedly slipped into the middle of Rule 2 on "Opium and its preparations" on p. 174 of the Textbook. Cross it out, and your difficulties will disappear.

The solid form of potassium permanganate is mildly caustic and should not be administered by first aiders.N.C.F. -

TREAnlENT OF BURST VARI COSE VEI:\.

R. N. (Honor Oak). - l\ly second diOi c ulty conct:rt1S the treatment of a burs t varicose \ ein. On p. 115 of the old Textbook we are told to apply c..ligitFll pressure to the wound, using, I assume, a clean handkerchief or something similar to avoid contamination of the wound. On the same page Rule 5 tells us to apply a firm pad and bandage to the wound, no mention being made of painting it fir s t ,>vith iodine or of applying a dressing. assume, therefore, that we are to carry out the treatment as Jaid down under the General Rules for treatment of wounds with ven o u bleeding. If, however, this is not correct, I would be more than obliged if you would put me on the correct track with regard to the correct treatment of such wound.

Both your assumptions are perfectly correct. Further, if you refer to pp. 129 and 130 of the new Textbook, you will find that several errors of omissions which in this connection figured in the old Textbook have been duly corrected .-

N.C.F.

HUMOUR IN FIRST AID.

D.S. (East Ham). - While workmen were employed on some excavation, a policeman arrived on lhe scene and addressing one of the navvies whom he knew to be a keen first aider, told him that he had just found a leg in the vicinity. Quickly the navvy glanced at his feet, and raising his head, said to the policeman, " Not mine, Office?' "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C. F.

TREATMENT OF OXALIC ACID POISONING.

C. B. (Launceston).- Your kind ruling on the correct treat.ment of a patient suffering from Oxalic Acid Poisoning would be appreciated. Our Textbook distinctly states that Corrosive Acids are to be neutralised byadministration of alkalies and that no emetic is to be given on account of the danger of causing perforation of the stomach and gullet. In contradiction to this ruling, however, the B.R.C.S. Manual on p. 250 stales :-" For Oxalic Acid an emetic may be given."

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FIRST

Th e o pinion h e ld by ce r ta in m e m bers of t h e cesto n D v s io n , S.]. A. B. , is that th ese co n t r a di cto r y statements are li kel y to ca u se confus io n amo n g first aide r s So you r ki nd reply will n o doubt be a\\'a ite d with n terest by t h ose m em b ers of the B R. C. S. an d of the :3 .]. A. B. who a r e readers of FIRST AID.

T here sho u ld be n o confusion because i n Oxalic Aci d P o is oni n O" members of the S. J .A B must not, while members o f the B.R C. S may, give a n emetic p r ovi d ed that the patient s fully consc ious a n d able to swallow. In ot h er wordS, m em b e r s of each organ isation m u st act i n accor d ance Wit h t h e ir officia l manua l of inst ru ct ')ns

I n point of fact, Oxa li c and Ca r bo l ic Acids are not as strong ly cor r osive as a r e the oth:r co r rosives.

t h ey are less liable to be com pltcated by perforatlOn of the stomach; and they prod u ce thei r effects th.rough their r ap id abso r ption into the system which shows Itself 10 t h e ea rl y onset of profound co ll apse

In these circumstances, the r efore, some authorlttes rega rd the a d ministratio n of an emetic as good fi r st a id whi l e others dep r ecate s u c h act ion on the part of fi r st ai d ers.-N. C. F.

METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

J.F. (Brighton).-I m u ch appreciate the review of the 39th Edit ion of the Textbook publtshed to Febr u ary issue of FIRST AID; b u t I am s u rprised to lea rn that Silveste r 's Method is to be restored to the body of the textbook.

In the J a n uary, 1932, issue of FIRST AID there was pub l ished the following table to ill u st r at: t!1e va r y.i n g efficiency of the seve r ::; I metho d s of arlIilcla respiration :No. of respirations Air ex cban ge per Air exp ired per ::'IIetbod. per minu te respirati on minu te Natu r a l 13 450 c c. 5850 c c Silvester 13 175 C c. 2280 c.c. H oward 13 310 C.c. 4030 c.c. Marshall Hall 13 25 4- C.c. c.c. Schafer 13 520 c. c. 6760 c. c.

From the above it will be see n that Silvester's Metho d r anks lowest in effic iency a n d it is hard to appreciate why, a fte r this lapse of time, it is to be r e- i ntroduced.

I am therefore won d e r in g if the dec ision to introd u ce an alternate metho d s t h e resu lt of the unfortunate application of the Schafer or Rr o n e Method in cases of complicated inj ur ies. Meanwhtle I thank yo u in ant icipation of your in st ru ctive r emarks

Si l vester's Metho d is r ecomme nd ed o nl y when it is impossi bl e to tu rn t h e pat ient o n to. hi s face, a . whic h is not likely to ar i se often 10 eme r genc ies for which fi r st aid is in d icated

Ex p erience has proved that H oward's and Marshall

H all's Methods (tho u gh, as the tab le shows, more efficient than Si lvester's) are more liable to be comp l icated by injuries to the abdom i nal organs and especially to r u pt ur e of the liver w h ich is u s u ally m u ch swolle n i n cases of drown i ng.

I n these circumsta n ces S lveste r 's Method is the on ly one w hi ch ca n be approve d as a n a lternative to t h at of Schafe r.N .C.F.

AID

Th e co n st ri ct io n s in te nd e d to b loc k t h e ve n o u s blood b efo r e it ca n ca rr y t h e s n a k e v('no m i nto t h e bo d y a nd in to t h e O"e n e r a l circu la ti o n As bl oo d r ave ls fast, th e r e IS li tt l e fo r d e lay I t is, therefore, essent ia to app ly t h e co n st r ict io n as n ea r the tr u nk as poss i ble, even th o u g h t h e wo u n d is o n t h e han d or foot. I n othe r wor d s, it is u se les s to p lace t h e co n st ri ction ro und t h e forearm or l eg.- N. C F.

T

REATt\IENT OF ASP IRIN POISONING

R S. (Canliff).-Wh ile Aspirin i s usually regarde d as a pe rf ectly safe home remedy, it apparent l y is .capab l e ?f p r od u c i ng somewhat a la r ming symptoms In certa1l1 cases. F u rther it is becoming quite a common occ u rre n ce to read in the papers that" o-and- 0" die J from Aspirin Poisoning. Cnfortunately the Textbook is silent about this poison and its treatment. 0 once again we ask your kind help in telling us the signs, symptoms and treatment of Aspirin Poisoning.

Fi r st, yo u do not know your Textbook, since you have n ot yet realised that, acting OIL its instructions, you can t.reat any case of poisoni n g whether or no you know the pOison o r its name. In short, all you require to know IS the tate of the patient's mouth and lips. If these are burned, then you must t r eat for Corrosi"e Poisoning, but if the) are not burned, then you must treat for l\on-Corro s ive Poisoning-.

Secondly, there is a reference in the Texlho(1k (p. l(9) to Aspirin which (1) does not burn the an.d lip and (2) fa ll s within the second g-roup of J:!ypnotl c s, being of "those tabl e ts and preparations whi c h are used to relte\'e pain and induce sleep." This being so, you now kno\\' cases of poisoning should be treated Further, free adm,.n'stratio n of alkalies (such as bicarbonate of soda), If the patient s cons c ious and able to swallow, is advisable in th e e ca e Thirdly, an ordinary do e of Aspirin may o cca ionally (with some susceptible gi\ e ris e to erious symptoms of which marked swelling of the fa c e, lip tongue n e ttIe rash diffi c ulty in swallowing from conge tlon of the passages,' rapid c c ., ar e common I) pre en.t. \Vith larger doses the and symptoms are a ou.t In the Textbook, being more gra\ e and urgent. Abdoml11a l pa in with vomiting may be marked, loss of consciousness may set in and be followed by death 111 a state of collapsC'.N.C.F.

T REATMENT OF VENOMOUS SNAKE WOUNDS.

S c. (Chesterfie ld) - I shall be grateful if yo u will kin dl y give me the reason for the sentence which appears o n p. 132 of the Textbook un d e r the treatment of Wo un ds ca u sed by Venomo u s S na kes It r ead s: "It is u se ess t o p lace the const r ictio n r o u n d t h e forea r m or eg "

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