The Story of Marriage

The Story of Marriage, Burmese, by John P. Bevere Jr. & Lisa Bevere © 2016 Messenger International MessengerInternational.org Originally Published in English as The Story of Marriage by John P. Bevere Jr. & Lisa Bevere. © 2015 Messenger International MessengerInternational.org Additional resources in Burmese by John & Lisa Bevere are available for free download at : CloudLibrary.org This book has been distributed to leaders and emergent leaders FREE OF CHARGE and is not to be sold.

It is a gift from Messenger International, the Ministry of John & Lisa Bevere.

You are encouraged to duplicate, virally distribute, use extracts or otherwise share this teaching with others.

To contact the authors : JohnBevere@ymail.com LisaBevere@ymail.com Printed in Myanmar John P. Bevere Jr. & Lisa Bevere © 2016 Messenger International MessengerInternational.org John P. Bevere Jr. & Lisa Bevere. © 2015 Messenger International MessengerInternational.org ၍ download at : CloudLibrary.org ၍ ဤ

Messenger International

John le Lisa Bevere ၊

- JohnBevere@ymail.com LisaBevere@ymail.com

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8

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2;15 owif;pum;)

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12 aomiSg ESpo f ufz, G af om tyifjzpfjcif;udk rde;f ronfjrifvQif toD;ud, k í l pm;\/ rdrcd ifyeG ;f tm;vnf;ay;í olonfvnf;pm;\/ (u? 3;6/ xnfo h iG ;f xm;aomtm½HkjyKcsuf) {uefrkcs þO,smOfawmfxJ&Sd ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tyifrsm;onf pm;cs,f pzG,faumif;onf/ tqif;vSí MunfhcsifpzG,fjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif toD;oD;aom tyifwpfyifonf bk&m;ocif\ tqifhtwef;ESifhtnD wpfOD;wpfa,mufudk csD;ajr§mufzdkYwefcdk;awmf&Sdonf/ tqifoifhtb,fodkY ay;tyfxm;jcif;xufomvGef aom wpfpHkwpf&m&Sdonf[k {0uawG;xifxm;onf/ xdkt&mudk uREkfkyfwdkYu tHhMozG,fawGUjrifMu&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ olrür&Sdaom wpfpHkwpf&mudk rufrufarmarmodrf;,l&vdrfhrnf udk tHhMozG,fawGUjrif&ygonf/ (bk&m;ocifESifh wlnDjcif;jzpfonf) xdkYtjyif jzpfpOfxJü wpfpHkwpf&maysmufqHk;oGm; aomolronf ydkifqdkifxm;zdkY (ÚmPf ynm) tqifoifhwefcdk;tmedoif&Sdonf/ tm'HESifh{0wdkYonf udk,fawmf\ tcGifhtmPmESifh MoZmvTrf;rdk; jcif;rS wpfoD;wpfjcm; bk&m;ocifESifhwlnDvdkaom qE´&SdMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ &,lxm;zdkY olwdkY\ Opömypönf;r[kwfaom tqifhtwef;wpfckudk NrJNrHpGmvufqkyf vufudkif jyKxm;Muol r sm;jzpf o nf / þt&monf ol w d k Y \ aqG p Of r sKd ; quf r sm;teuf wpfOD;wpfa,muftm;jzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;aMumif; xif&Sm;atmif ,SOfNydKifjyaom pdwf"mwfcdkifrmjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnfjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkocifonf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhjynfhpHkawmfrlonf jzpfí bk&m;ocifEiS hf NyKd iaf omtrIukd vk,jl cif;trI[í l rxifrrSwf (zdvyd Üd ? 2;6) tm'HEiS {hf 0wdo Yk nf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfEiS t hf nD zefqif;jcif;cHMu& olrsm;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif bk&m;ocifEiS hf tnDtrQr[kwaf y/ wpfpw kH pf&m\ yH&k yd o f nf xif[yfcsuw f pfcu k kd ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;\ tvH;k pHw k üYkd ud, k pf m;jyKjcif; wpfcrk [kwaf y/ bk&m;ocifESifh tnDtrQwlnDjcif;\ rSm;,Gif;aom uwdawmfonf jzpf&yfrSefü olwdkYESpfOD;pvHk; aysmufqHk;oGm;aomtcgü wpfpHkwpf&mudk vufcHxm;Muolrsm; jzpfonf[í l awG;xifzv Ykd rl ed ;f rESihf vla,mufsm;udk jzpfymG ;aponf/ ZmPfynmudk vufc&H &Sx d m;Muolrsm;r[kw?f vSnjhf zm;jcif;wpfcu k kd vufc&H &Sx d m;Mu olrsm;jzpfonf/

13 vSnfhjzm;jcif;ESifh emrcHjcif; vifr,m;pHkwGJonf O,smOfawmfrS ESifxkwfjcif; cHMu&onf/ olwdkYonf toufyifü awGUjrif&aom toD;&Sd&modkYxyfrHí wpfBudrf csnf;uyfzdkY b,faomtcgrQ &&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfawmhay/ þ&Sifoefaom toD;ryg r&SdbJESihf tm'HESihf {0wdkYonf aoaMuysufpD;jcif; odkYa&muf&SdoGm; Muygonf/ aoMu&olrsm;jzpfNyD; olwdkY\ O,smOfawmfBuD;vnf; umvtwefMum; aysmufuG,f oGm;ygonf/ xdkumvü þenf;vrf; wpfcktm;jzihf olwdkYtouf&Sif aexdkifMu &onf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf uREykf w f o Ykd nf xdo k w l \ Ykd om;orD;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf trsdK;om;rsm;onf þajrBuD;ay:ü xm0&touf &Sifjcif;umv twefrMumawmhay/odkY&mwGif tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf jyefvnf tm;xkwf jcif;tm;jzifh toufwm qufvuf&Sifoefa&;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfonf/ owif;aumif;u xdkodkYjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ vuf0g;uyfwdkifonf ,cktcg uREfkyfwdkY\ tqHk;pGefaom xm0&toufyifjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf t&m&m wdkif;udk jyefvnfwnfaqmufay;jcif;jzpfonf/ O,smOfawmfü aysmufqHk;oGm;aom xdkt&mudk jyefvnfwnfaqmufay;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmf aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wpfckonf wnfNidrfaom toufyifwpfyifuJhodkY tapcH jzpfEdkifygonf/ ¤if;onf &if;ESD;uRrf; 0ifjcif;ESifh tarGtESpf ESpfrsKd;pvHk; twGuf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom yHkMurf;udk cGaJ 0ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ þtaMumif;aMumifh xdt k &m onf bk&m;ociftwGuf vGefpGmta&;BuD;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk tav;tjrwfxm;onf/ ¤if;\0dnmOfudk uG,fumapmifhxdef; onf/ xdkYtjyifuREfkyfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf aumif;rGefpGm cspfMuonf/ xd k t &monf ,ck u mvES i f h O,smOf a wmf t Mum; bmomjyef q d k & mü aysmufq;kH oGm;aom xl;jcm;aom t&dyt f >rufwpfpw kH pf&mjzpfonfukd uREykf w f t Ykd m; ajymjyzdkYtwGuf vlrIqufqHa&; wwfodynm&SifwpfOD;udk iSg;&rf;xm;jcif;r&Sday/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rsm;onf xm0&wnf&Sdaom toufyifESifh qefYusifzufjzpfaeMuonf/ usL;vGefjcif;? pnf; azmufjcif;? aysmf&TifrIr&SdEdkifjcif;? pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;? olYr,m;udk jypfrSm;jcif;ESifh uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;wdkYonf uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk tBuD;tus,f zsufqD;ygonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmü wjznf;jznf; wpp avsmhusoGm;jcif;rsm;taMumif;aMumifh

14 vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufudk em;vnfoabm aygufjcif;r&SdMuawmhay/ odkYr[kwf olwdkYonfvufxyfvdkjcif; pdwfaZmaMumifh tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\ &nf&G,f csufudkyif em;rvnfMuawmhay/ xdrf;jrm;vufxyf xm;Muaom tjcm;olrsm;onf n§yfyl;n§yfydwf ypfcwfjcif;udk qufvuf&Sifoef zdo Yk m BuKd ;pm;aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ olwt Ykd wGuf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf aumif;uif EdkifiHawmf vHkNcHKrItwGuf r[kwf? ppfrufpHke,fwpfckjzpfonf/

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taMumif;rlum; usrf;pmüvmonfESifhtnD wpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf oifwdkYtusifhudkaxmufí bk&m;ocif\emrawmfudk uJh&JUwwfMu\/ (a&m 2;24) c&pfawmf\ cE¨mud, k w f nf;[laom uREykf w f o Ykd nf tcsi;f csi;f aumif;rGepf mG cspfNyD; touf&Sifaexdkif;jcif;r&Sdaomtcg vltaygif;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk uJh&JUMuygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm tu,fí uREykf w f o Ykd nf rdru d , kd u f kd ]]c&pf,mef}}[k ac:wGiMf uaomtcg þt&monf tvGeftHhMozG,f&m r[kwfay/ uREfkyfwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ oHwrefrsm;jzpf apzdkY xkwfazmfaMujimxm;Mu olrsm; jzpfonf/ wrefawmf&Sifaygvk a&;om;xm;onfrSm xdw k &m;[lru l m; bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJü &Sad evQuf avmuDom; wd\ Yk tjypfrsm;udk rSwaf wmfrrl/ &efuNkd ird ;f apí ud, k af wmfEiS hf rdwo f [m, zGJUapawmfrl\/ xdkrdwfo[m,w&m;udkvnf; igwdkYü tyfay;awmfrl\/ xdkYaMumifh igwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ oHwrefjzpfMu\/ oifwdkYonf &efNidrf;í bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,zGJUMuavmh[k bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtm;jzifh EId;aqmf aoG;aqmifawmfrlouJhodkY igwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fpm;jzpfí oifwdkYudkawmif;yefaoG;aqmifMu\/ (2aum;5;19-20) oH w ref w pf O D ; onf ud k , f p m;vS , f a wmf w pf O D ; od k Y r [k w f tmPm& owif;ay;olwpfOD;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfaom uREkfyfwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ ud, k pf m;jzpfonf/ wu,ft h xl;tcGit hf a&;wpfcjk zpfonfAsm/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf zdwaf c:

15 jcif;cHMu&olrsm;jzpfonf/ ,dk;pGyfjcif;cH&onfyifvQif bk&m; ocif\ jyefvnf oifhjrwfjrwftrIawmfjrwfüyg0ifa&m&SufzdkY zdwfac:jcif; cHMu&olrsm;jzpfonf/ uREyfk w f \ Ykd ajymaom pum;ESit hf jyKtrl rsm;wdo Yk nf bk&m;ocifukd uk, d pf m;jyKonf/ þt&monf toufwmü uREfkyfwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifESifhtwl yl;aygif;tvkyf vkyfMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ ajrBuD;ay:ü a&SUajy; EdkifiHawmf wnfaqmufaom bk&m;ocifESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh c&pfawmfonf tvkyfvkyfzdkY ol\oHwrefrsm;jzpfaom uREfkyf wdkYtm; tb,fodkYrSmxm;cJhygoenf;/ ocifa,½IajymonfrSm ]]oif wdkYonf tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,mufuw kd pfa,muf cspMf uavmh/ igonf oifwYkd udk cspo f nfeh nf;wl tcsif;csif;cspfMuavmh[k ynwfopfudk igay;\[lí qdkygonf/ (a,m? 13? 34) jynfh0pGm aus;Zl;wif&ygonf/ þomoemjyKvkyfief;awmfonf wpfpHk wpf&mr[kwfay/ uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fydkifqE´pGrf;&nftm;jzifh txajrmufatmif aqmif&Guf&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmu xdkt&mudk &Sif;vif;pGm ajymonfrSm xdkodkY jzpfygonf/ &nf&, G cf sujf ynf0h pHv k ifa&;twGuf uREykf w f o Ykd nf OD;pGmyxr c&pfawmf ü wnf&ayrnf/ vuf0g;uyfwdkifü udk,fawmf\ a&G;Ekwfu,fwifjcif; trIawmf vkyfief;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmf\ tarGpm; tarGcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ wpfckwnf;aom xdkt&mESifhomudk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfwefcdk; ajymif;vJjcif;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmifEdkif Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREykf w f t Ykd m; cspo f nfeh nf;wl wpfcw k nf;aom xdkt&m ESifhom uREfkyfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf cspfEdkifMu ygonf/ aus;Zl;awmf\ ynwfawmfopfatmufü bk&m;ocifonf jynf0h pHv k ifapzdYk vkyfydkifcGifh tyfESif;vdrfhrnfr[kwf[laom ynwfwpfckudk uREfkyfwdkYtm; b,faom tcgrQ ay;tyfvrd rhf nfr[kwaf y/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf uREykf w f o Ykd nf c&pfawmfü wnfaeMujcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ udk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfonf avmuDom;rsm;tm; cspfjcif;toufwmrsm; toD;oD; bk&m;ocif&adS wmfral Mumif;udk zGiv hf pS jf yoay;jcif; ESihf uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmif jyKjcif;rsm;udk pGrf;aqmifapvdrfhrnf/ rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl xdkt&mudk rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkifOD;pGmyxr &ifqdkifawGUBuHK&onfhwdkif ukd,fawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmudk zGifhvSpfjyoEdkifjcif;r&Sday/ {zufMo0g'pmapmif 3;16-19 ü &Siaf ygvkonf c&pfawmf\ arwåmwefc;kd awmfukd vufc&H &Szd Ykd aomhcsuu f kd urf;vSr;f ay;xm;onfrSm -

16 qkawmif;aom tcsu[ f rl u l m; 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh oifw\ Ykd twGi;f vlukd cGeftm;ESifh NrJNrHcdkifcefYapí ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf oifwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;xJü udef;0yfawmfrlrnfhtaMumif; bkef;awmf<u,f 0jynfhpHkjcif;ESifh avsmfnDpGm oifwdkYtm;ay;oem;awmfrlí arwåmü pdkufysKd;jcif; wdkufjrpf vnf;uswnfjcif; &Sdojzifh oifwdkYonf oefY&Sif;oltaygif;wdkY\ enf;wl teHtvsm; teuftjrifhwdkYudk ydkif;jcm;í odjcif;iSg udk,fÓPfESifh rodEdkif aom c&pfawmf \ arwåmawmfudk odem;vnfjcif;iSg 4if;wdkYonf wwfpGrf; Edkifojzifh bk&m;ocif\ jynfhpHkawmfrljcif;&SdorQESifhtnD jynfhpHkMuyg rnfh taMumif; igonf qkawmif;avh&Sd\/ (xnfhoGif;xm;aom tm½HkjyK csufjzpfonf/) c&pfawmf\ arwåmawmfzGifhvSpfjyojcif;udk vufcH&&SdzdkY tpDtpOftwdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh udk,fwGif;cGeftm;ESifhwuG uREfkyfwt Ykd m; vkyyf ikd f cGit hf yfEiS ;f zdYk OD;pGmyxr bk&m;ocifukd cGijhf yK&ygrnf/ þt&monf jzpfvmEdkifjcif; r&Sad y/ wpfcsed u f oif\ toufwmonf ud, k af wmf&iS t f wGuf jzpfonf/ oifonf udk,fawmf\ arwåmawmfü pOfqufrjywf &SifoefBuD;xGm;vmzdkY tcGifhta&; &Sdygvdrfhrnf/ toufwmwpfckvHk;ESifh jynfh0pHkvifjcif;wpfckqDodkY tqHk;pGefvrf;jy ydkYaqmifaom c&D;pOfwpfck&Sdyg vdrfhrnf/ (c&pfawmftwGuf oif\toufwm vufajrmuft½H;I ay;jcif; taMumif;udk a&SUvmrnfoifcef;pmü avhvmMu&ygrnf/) &Sifaygvkonf wefcdk;awmftaMumif;udk a&;om;NyD;aemufydkif; tydkif;i,f ESpfckom c&pfawmf\ arwåmawmfudk oduRrf;jcif;rS a&muf&Sdvmonf/ þwefcdk; awmf\ &nf&G,fcsuftaMumif;udk ol&Sif;vif;ajymqdkonf rSm ac:awmfrjl cif; aus;Zl;awmfukd oifwo Ykd nf cH&onfEiS hf txdu k t f avsmuf usiahf qmifrnft h aMumif; bk&m;ociftwGuaf Mumifh tusO;f cH&aom igonf oifwu Ykd kd wdu k w f eG ;f EI;d aqmfyg\/ t&m&mü pdwEf rdS chf sjcif;? El;nHo h rd af rGUjcif;? pdwf&Snfjcif;ESifh jynfhpHkojzifh arwåmpdwfESifh wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf onf;cHjcif;&SMd uí toifh twifh aygif;azmfjcif;tzGUJ tpnf; tm;jzifh oifwo Ykd nf tcsi;f csi;f pdwo f abmrjcm;rem; wpfv;kH wpf0wnf; jzpftahH omiSg BuKd ;pm;tm; xkwMf uavmh/ ({zuf? 4;1-3 xnfo h iG ;f xm;aom tm½Hjk yKcsuf jzpfonf/)

17 &Siaf ygvka&;om;xm;aom ]]ac:awmfrjl cif;aus;Zl;udk oifwo Ykd nf cH&onf ESifhtxdkuftavsmuf usifhaqmifrnftaMumif;}} pmom;udkrSwf om;xm;yg/ olonfxyfrí H wpfMurd f uGsEyfk w f \ Ykd &nf&, G cf sut f aMumif; udak jymqdak eoljzpfonf/ avmuDom;wdkYtwGuftoufwm\ vrf;c&D; (bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfjzpfonf) opömw&m;ESib hf &k m;ocif\ cspjf cif; arwåmudzk iG v hf pS jf yozdjYk zpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfou d sG r;f jcif; tawGt Y MuKH r&Sb d J þt&monfjzpfEikd af csr&Sad y/ awG;awm qifjcifrl OmPfynmonfwpfpw Hk pf&mjyKvyk Ef ikd rf nfr[kwaf y/ bk&m;ocif\ arwåm awmfudk udk,fwdkifudk,fus ydkifqdkifxm;aom tawGUtBuHK&SdrS om uREfkyf wdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh toufwmrsm;wnfaqmufzdkY vkyfydkifcGifh tmPmtyfESif; jcif;cH&Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ ac:awmfrljcif;\ aus;Zl;awmf ESifh xdkufwefolrsm; jzpfonf/ þpmydk'fxJü &Sifaygvkonf {uefrkcsjzpfaom usifhaqmifjyKrlaom yHpk rH sm;udk a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ onf;cHjcif;? El;nHo h rd af rGUjcif;? pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;? Nidrfoufjcif;ü aoG;pnf;nDñGwfjcif;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif apmifhxdef;zdkY cG e f t m;&S d o rQ pd k u f x k w f j cif ; ? tjcm;ol \ rS m ;,G i f ; csuf r sm; wpf c k p D t wG u f axmufxm;n§mwmjcif;udk jyKvkyfay;jcif; tp&SdonfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; twGuf taumif;qHk;vufawGUusifhpOfrsm; jzpfonf/ {zufMo0g' pmapmif\ aemufq;kH tcef;Bu;D rsm;ü xdt k &mrsm; ESihf xyfwu l saomt&mr&Sad y/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í or®musrf;pm\ trsm;qHk; xifay:ausmfMum;aom tydk'fi,frsm;udk &SmazGawGU&SdMu&onf/ (tcef;BuD;ESifh tcef;i,fwnfae&mESifh OD;wnfcsurf sm;onf q,fo h ;kH &mpkEpS rf sm;\ toif;awmftm;jzifh xnfo h iG ;f xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif &Sifaygvk\ rlvpmapmifxJü ay:vGifjcif;r&Sdonfudk owd w&xm;yg) {zufMo0g'pmapmif tcef;BuD; (1-4) ü &Sifaygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmt&if;tjrpf oduRrf;jcif;udk awmif;qdkrnfjzpfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;íolonf or®mw&m;\t&if;tjrpf taMumif; a0rQjcif; twGuf pmzwfolrsm;\ ESvHk;om;rsm;udk BudKwifjyif qifjcif;jzpfaom xdkt&monf xdkodkYyif jzpfapEdkifygovm;/ xdkYaMumifh þae&mü tqifhqifhjzpfyGm;jcif; udef;pOf&Sdygonf/ oifonf aumif;rGefpGm arwåmxm;jcif;rwdkifrD (xdkt&monf oif\r,m; odkYr[kwf tjcm;rnfolrqdk wpfckckjzpfonf) oifonf rdrdudk,ftwGuf bk&m;ocif\

18 arwåmawmftwdrfteufudk OD;pGmyxr &SmazGawGU&Sdxm;&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfukd oif\oduRr;f jcif;onf wpfywfErG ;f owif;pum;tay: tajccHxm; Edkifjcif;r&Sday/ oifudk,fwdkif xdkt&mudk tawGUtBuHK&SdzdkYjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ arwåmudk &ifqdkifawGUBuHK&aomtcg ]]oifonf bk&m;ocifxHawmf rSvmaom xdkwefcdk;awmfESifh touf\ pHkvifjcif;tm;vHk;ESifhwuG jynfhpHktx ajrmufatmif jyKvkyf&ygvdrfhrnf/}} xdktcgüomoifonf ac:awmfrljcif; aus;Zl;awmfESifh xdu k w f efaom toufwmwpfcu k kd vrf;jyydaYk qmifEikd o f nf/ aumif;rGepf mG cspjf cif;ESihf touf&Sifjcif;twGuf wefcdk;awmfonf oifhtwGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvGefY tvGeBf u;D rm;aom arwåmawmfukd &if;ES;D pGm oduRr;f jcif;rS a&muf&v dS mjcif; jzpfonf/

tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuf tu,fí oifwdkYtoD;oD; &nf&G,fcsufonf ajrBuD;tay:ü c&pfawmf twGuf ud k , f p m;jyKjcif ; wpf c k j zpf a pzd k Y jzpf o nf q d k y gu oif w d k Y \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; &nf&G,fcsuftb,fodkYjzpfygoenf;/ þt&mESifh pwifMuygpdkY/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmjzpfonf/ arwåmonf bk&m;ocifom wpfpHkwpf&mjyKvkyfxm;jcif;r[kwfay/ bk&m;ocif ü&Sdaom wpfpHkwpf&momr[kwfay/ bk&m;ocifonf jzpfonfhtwdkif; jzpfaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf arwåm\ taqmuftOD; wpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ociftm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifxm; yxrOD;qH;k tdraf xmifjyKjcif; taqmuf tOD;omr[kwf? owdkYorD;ESifh udk,fawmf\ toif;awmfudk uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf qufuyftyfESHjcif;ESifh udk,fawmf\ arwåmawmftwdrfteufudk udk,fpm;jyKzdkY olwdkYtoHk;jyKaom xdkuAsmESifhqdkifaom ½kyfvHk;azmfjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ owdkYorD; ESifhowdkYom;onf c&pfawmf ESifhtoif;awmf\ yHk&dyfwpfckjzpfonf/ þeufeJcufcJaom ½kyfvHk;azmfjcif;taMumif;aMumifh tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;udk qefYusifí &kwfjcnf; csif;eif;0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufjcif; aemufuG,füomí arSmifrdkuf aom &nf&G,fcsufomí &nf&G,fcsuf wpfckyifjzpfonf/ &nf&G,f&if; taMumif; wpfckudk tvGefenf;yg;pGm todtrSwfjyKMuonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk qefYusifí wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom tjrpfrsm;wG,faejcif; OD;wnfcsufESifh ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,fonf vlrIa&;qdkif&m jzpfxGef;jcif;ESifh EdkifiHa&;jzpfxGef;jcif;xuf omvGef

19 p&m taMumif;&Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmu ¤if;udk&Sif;vif;pGm jyKvkyfxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf taoG;tom;ESifh eyrf;owfvHk;axG;aejcif;om r[kwfay/ uREfkyfwdkY\ &efol&efzufonf tzGJYtpnf;wpfck odkYr[kwf tpdk;&wpfck r[kwfay/ ({zuf? 6;12 udk zwfygav) a&S;usaom &efolwpfOD;&Sdygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwf0dnmOf&efoljzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom vHk;aygif;a&m0ifapoludk z,f&Sm;jcif;ESifh &pfywfvdrfvnfjcif;jyKzdkY uefYvefYumaemufuG,fü tvkyfvkyfaeol jzpfonf/ olonf vlrsKd;awmfESifh rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifcspfwwfaom enf;vrf;twGuf ud;k um;xm;aom rlabmifukd vH;k 0OóHrk &l if; t"dygÜ ,frS aoGz,fí trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif;aumuf,lonfhwdkif tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk wdkufcdkufjcif;&yfwefY oGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ pmwefvdkcsifaom aemufqHk;t&mrSm bk&m;ocif\ ajymif;vJapwwfaom arwåmawmfvufc&H ,ljcif;ESihf uREykf w f t Ykd m; &SmazGawGU&Sjd cif; taMumif; jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ESihf xdr;f jrm;jcif;txJü bk&m;ocif vdkvm; ESpfNcdKufaomxdkt&mudk ayGUzufxm;csifoljzpfonf/

ocifa,½Itb,fodkY awG;xifaeygoenf; bk&m;ocifonf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udo k m zefw;D onfr[kw/f ajymif;vJjcif; r&Sdaom xdkt&mtwGuf &nf&G,fcsufESifh tBuHtpnfwpfck udkvnf; zefwD;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ESpfaygif;axmifcsDMumanmif;í xl;jcm;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; taMumif;udk tylwjyif; acgif;pOfBuD;wpfcktaejzifh tjyeftvSeftjiif;yGm; Muaomfjim;vnf; bk&m;ocifonf rlv tBut H pnfawmfaemufu, G üf ,aeYxw d ikd f cdkifrmpGm &yfwnfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í zm&d&SJrsm; wdkYESifhtjyeftvSef xifay:ausmfMum;aom pum;rsm;teuf wpfckudk tb,fodkY ajymcJhaMumif;udk &SmazGMunfhMuygpdkY/ wpfaeYaomtcg zm&d&SJwdkYonf olYtm;½SL;wdkuf aESmuf,SufonfrSm ]]rnf o nf h t aMumif ; aMumif h r qd k ol Y r ,m;ES i f h uG m &S i f ; zd k Y a ,muf s m; wpfOD;twGuf xdkt&monf w&m;Oya'ESifhqdkifygovm;/}} ocifa,½Itajzay;vdu k o f nfrmS ]]tptOD;ü zefqif;awmfral om olonf a,mufsm;ESirhf ed ;f rESpaf ,mufwnf;udk zefqif;awmfr\ l / xdt k aMumif;aMumifh

20 a,mufsm;onf ud, k rhf b d udpk eG \ Yf / ud, k chf ifyeG ;f ü rS0D o J jzifh xdo k El pS af ,muf wdo Yk nf wpfom;wpfu, kd w f nf;jzpf& vdrrhf nf[k usr;f pmqdk onfukd oifwYkd rzwfz;l oavm/ xdaYk Mumifh vifr,m;wdo Yk nf ESpOf ;D r[kwf wpfO;D wnf;jzpf \/ bk&m;ocif bufpyfíxrf;yd;k wifawmfrl aom t&mudk vlrcGrJ cGgapESihf [k rdefYawmfrl\/}} (róJ? 19;3-6 owif; pum;jzpfonf/) zm&d&rJS sm;onf tb,foYkd w&m;Oya'ESiq hf ikd o f nfukd odz&Ykd &dS if; t"dygÜ ,fukd ar;jref;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif ocifa,½Iu cspjf cif;arwåm awmf\wefc;kd awmf taMumif;udk od&Sdem;vnfzdkY xdkolwdkYtm; vdkcsifoljzpf onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tcsuftvufudk jiif;y,fEkdifjcif;r&SdonfrSm xdkodkY jzpfyg onf/ tprlvtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf twGuf vla,mufsm;rsm;ESifh vlrdef;rrsm;twGuf BuHpnfxm; jcif;jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tm;jzifh olwdkYonf twlwuG aoG;pnf;nD ñGwfjcif;udk yHkazmfzdkY rdbrsm;udk pGecYf gG Mu&onf/ wpfBurd w f nf;vdiEf pS cf k aygif;pnf;oGm;Muygonf/ olw\ Ykd wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;udk cGJjcm;ay; EdkifolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQr&Sday/

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21 tjriftm½Hw k pfcu k kd Mum;odysUH ESaYH paom pum;rsm;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf t"dygÜ ,f zGiq hf akd &;om;aom owif;pum;udk ud;k um;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif bmomjyef qdkcsufwdkif;onf bk&m;ocif tb,fodkY aygif;pnf;xm;jcif;ESifh tav;teuf xm;jcif;taMumif;udk Mum;odysHUESHYapjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif pepfwusa&cH ajrcH taMumif;udk avhvmjcif;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonf ab;uif;pGm csHKUapEdkifonfrSm xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;tm; vH;k taMumif;udk ajymaeaom t&Sifocifjzpfonf/ tb,fíwpfpw kH pfO;D onf ]]vD,ekd m;'d;k 'gAifp?D rdek mvDZm}} udk rxD av;pm; jyKonfqdkygu urÇmBuD;u tb,fodkYwkefYjyefvdrfhrnfudk oifpdwf ul;Munfh Edkifyg ovm;/ owif;pum;wdkif;\ xGufvrf;onf ordkif;aMumif;udk jyefaumuf&yg vdrfhrnf/ rawmfrw&m;jyKusifholonf vlrItzGJUtpnf; tm;jzifh tjypfwifajymqdk Muygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtjyifolonf tusOf;axmifxJü olr\ usef&Sdaeaom oufwrf; odrYk [kwf ol\use&f adS eao;aom oufwrf;udk qufvuftoH;k jyKaumif; jyK&ygvdrhf rnf/ vlom;rsm;\ BuD;jrwfqHk;aom vkyfief;rsm; teuf wpfckudk rxDav;pm;jyKzdkY rnfolrqdk tb,fodkY &JpGrf;owåd&SdEdkifygoenf;/ ]]vD,dkem;'dk;onf ol\ocsKØif;*lü wef;pD&ygvdrfhrnf/ aumif ; ygNyD / bk & m;ocif o nf ol r suf E S m omay;xm;aom zef q if ; jcif;tm;jzifh tjrifhjrwfqHk;aom trIawmfvkyfief;azmfjyjcif;rsm;teuf wpfckuJhodkY tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk ½Ijrifaombk&m;jzpfonf/ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;twGuf ud, k af wmf\ Muifemaomarwåmonf zm&d&SJrsm;tm; ocif a,½IwkefYjyefcsuftxJü oufao jzpfonf/ vufqyk v f ufuikd x f m;zdo Yk w l Ykd twGuf ol\tvGejf rifjh rwfaom pum;rsm; jzpfonfudk &SmazGawGU&Sd&aom olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYonf olYtm;tajz ay;zdYk ½d;k om;pGmy,fcs vdu k yf gonf/ bk&m;ocif\ rlvBu&H , G cf suf tvif;w&m;tm; jzifh od&edS m;vnfzw Ykd wfEikd jf cif;r&Sad omolwo Ykd nf arma&S\ynwfw&m; aemufu, G f ü ykef;atmif;aeMuonf/ arma&S\ ynwfw&m;onf aexdkifzdkYtcGifhtmPm tyfESif;jcif;xufomí pGefYypfzdkYxdkolwdkYtm; ay;tyfxm;aom csOf;uyfjcif; wpfckjzpfonf/ ]]tu,fí xdo k jYkd zpfonfqykd gu uGm&Si;f jywfpjJ cif; vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf; rsm;ESihf uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;twGuf arma&Sonf tb,faMumifh

22 ñTefMum;csufrsm;ay;tyfxm;ygoenf;/ olwdkYonf acsqdkcsuftm; jzifh aemufjyefypfvdkMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ zm&d&SJwdkYuvnf; xdkodkYrSefvQif jywfpmudkay;í r,m;ESifhuGmapjcif;iSg arma&Sonf tb,faMumifph &D ifoenf;[k avQmufMuaomf ud, k af wmfu oifwpYkd w d Ef v S ;kH cdik rf maomaMumifh r,m;ESiu hf mG &aom tcGiu hf akd rma&Sonf pD&if\/ tptOD;ü xdo k rYkd [kwf igynwfonf um; rSm;,Gi;f jcif;taMumif; rS wpfyg; tjcm;aomtaMumif;jzihf rdrdr,m;ESihfuGmí tjcm;aom rdef;rESihf pHkbufaomolonf rdrdr,m;udk jypfrSm;\/ uGmaomrdef;rESifh pHb k ufaom olonfvnf; olrY ,m;udk jypfrmS ;onf[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l / (róJ? 19;7-9? owif; pum;jzpfonf/) arma&S o nf ynwf w &m;atmuf ü avQmh a y;aomt&mrsm;onf vlEY v S ;kH om;rsm;cdik rf mjcif;taMumif;aMumifh jyKvyk x f m;jcif;jzpfonf/ þt&m onf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ rlv&nf&G,fcsuf r[kwfay/ jyKvkyfxm;aom trSm;t,Gif;r&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocifonf uGm&Sif; jywfpJjcif;udk rkef;wD;aombk&m;jzpfonf/ vifESifhr,m;wpfoD;wpfjcm;jzpf aomtcg bk&m;ocif \ eufeJodrfarGUaom zefqif;jcif;t&mrsm;onf (tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf {zuf? ;31-32 ü a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; jzpfonf) wpfoD;wpfjcm;usrsuf&nfESifh tMurf;zufjcif;jzpfonf/

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]]igynwfonfum;rSm;,Gif;jcif;taMumif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;aom taMumif; jzifh rdrdr,m;ESifhuGmí tjcm;aomrdef;rESifh pHkbufaomolonf rdrdr,m;udk jypfrSm;\/ uGmaomrdef;rESifh pHkbufaomolonfvnf; olY r,m;udk jypfrSm;onf/ }} róJ? 19;9/ owif;pum;jzpfonf/

23 xyfrHíwpfBudrf ocifa,½Ionf wpfpHkwpf&mudkjyKvkyfzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; b,f a omtcgrQ ar;jref ; vd r f h r nf r [k w f o nf r S m xd k o d k Y j zpf y gonf / ol o nf Ny;D ajrmufatmifaqmif&u G zf Ykd uREykf w f t Ykd m; pGr;f aqmifapvdrrhf nf r[kwyf g/ olonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ rlvtBuHtpnfawmfudk uREfkyfwdkYtm; vufqkyfvufudkifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf olonf xdkt&mESifh touf&SifaexdkifzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; wyfqifay;aomqE´jyif;jyaeoljzpfonf/ arma&S\ ynwfw&m;onf ESv;kH om; cdik rf mjcif;twGuf cGijhf yKxm;aomt&mrsm;udk jyKvyk jf cif;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif ocifa,½I\ wifvLS ylaZmfjcif;tm;jzifh uREykf w f o Ykd nf ausmufwHk;BuD;xuf omvGefaom 0dnmOfawmf\ESvHk;om;opfrsm;arG;zGm;jcif;udk vu©H&&Sdxm;Mu olrsm;jzpfonf/ pdwfESvHk;opfudk igay;rnf/ oabmopfudk oGif;xm;rnf/ oifwdkY udk,fcE¨mxJu ausmufESvHk;udkEIwfí tom;ESvHk;udk ay;rnf/ (a,Zaus v;36;26) uREykf w f o Ykd nf "r®opfusr;f ü þt&mudk yJw h ifox H yfawGUjrif &onf / wref a wmf & S i f a ygvk u uREf k y f w d k Y t m; þpum;rsm;ES i f h cGet f m;ay;xm;onfrmS xd k a rQmf v if h j cif ; onf &S u f a Mumuf p &mtaMumif ; ES i f h uif ; vG w f \ / tb,faMumifeh nf;[lru l m; igwdt Y k m; ay;awmfral om oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOf awmfonf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfuk d igwdpY k w d Ef v S ;k H txJ odY k oGe;f avmif; awmfr\ l / (a&m?5;5) þES v H k ; opf o nf wpf p H k w pf & mr[k w f ? jrif o matmif j yEd k i f M uol r sm; jzpfonf/ arwåmawmf\ t&SdefESifh bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmftay: wnfrSD aom t&mjzpfonf/ rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfh cszdkYwkefYjyefEdkifMu olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif xdkwefcdk;awmft&Sdefudk vufcHxm;olrsm;jzpfonf/ ESv;kH om;xJü odrk ;DS xm;&aomt&mrSm xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oift h ay:ü ol\arwåmudk twif;t"r®csxm;vdrfhrnf r[kwyf g/ olonf *kPt f oa&&Sad om yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D jzpfonf/ uREykf w f t Ykd ay: rdrdudk,fwdkif b,faomtcgrQ tmPmESifh vdkufemapolr[kwfay/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf uREfkyfwdkYü ESvHk;opfrsm;&Sdjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ arwåmawmfukd vufc&H ,lzYkd wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;aom ÚmPf&nf&o dS rl sm;

24 jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;ESifh tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif \ rl v tBuH t pnf a wmf t ay: tvG e f p d k ; aMumuf a paom oabmxm; ausnmcsufudk ,ckayGYydkufxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ owif ; pum;onf wm0ef & S d j cif ; a0g[m&ud k toH k ; jyKjcif ; jzpf o nf / (w&m;0ifwm0ef&jdS cif;? w&m;Oya'tm;jzifh wm0ef&jdS cif;[lí t"dygÜ ,f oufa&muf ygonf/ opöm&Sdaom r,m;wpfa,mufudk uGm&Sif;jywfpJol wpfpHkwpfOD;\ tajctaeudk a&;om;azmfjyzdkYjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifonf þpHEIef;ESifh uREfkwdkYtm; vufqkyfvufudkifxm;onfqdkygu þt&monf tvGeftuRHjzpfaom trdefYoHESifhwlonfudk odxm;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf xdkt&mudk jynf h 0 pH k v if a pzd k Y aus;Zl ; awmf w &m;ud k uREf k y f w d k Y t m;ay; tyf z d k Y q E´ j yif ; jy jcif ; xuf o mvG e f a omt&mjzpf o nf ) taMumif ; aMumif h j zpf a omf vnf ; c&D;pOfonftvdt k avsmuf odrYk [kwf vG,u f jl cif;r&Sad y/ txJozYkd o d iG ;f jcif; cH&rnfh tcsdefwGif ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;onf tjyifbufrSm twdtus a&G;aumuf,l Muonf/ avhvmawGU&SdrIwpfckjzpfonhftwdkif; aysmf&TifrIr&Sdaom tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;pHkwGJ oHk;ckteuf ESpfcku ig;ESpftwGif; olwdkY\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh twl aysmf & T i f j cif ; jzpf v mvd r f h r nf / toif h j yif q if x m;aom uG m &S i f ; jywf p J j cif ; rvkyfolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdktaMumif;aMumifh vufajrmuft½HI;ay;jcif;r&Sd ygovm; Asm/ uREfkyfwdkYonf þw'*FtcsdeftwGif;rSm oif\tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;tajctaeudk od x m;Muol r sm;r[k w f a y/ od k Y & mwG i f tu,f í oif o nf t ul t nD r J h c H p m; aeoljzpfonfqdkygu oifüyif arQmfvifhp&m&Sdygonf/ oif\tMurf;zsif; NydKuGJjcif; onf a'gifhywfvnfüom&SdaeEdkifygonf/ ocif a,½IonfwpfckvHk; NydKuGJoGm;aom tdrfaxmifESifhaumif;aomtdrf axmifjyKjcif;rsm;udkomí aumif;onfxufaumif; atmif jyKvkyfay;zdkY þavmuodkY <uqif;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf tajctae wpfckü b,faomtcgrQ ae&vdrfhrnfr[kwfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ xdkt&m onf oif\ om;orD;rsm; odkYr[kwf oifhtwGuf aMumufrufzG,ftEÅ&m,f &Sdonf/ tu,fí xdak e&mü oif\tdraf xmifjyKjcif; tm;jzifh Murf;wrf;pGm jyKro l nfqykd gu ab;uif;pGmaexdkif&zdkY aus;Zl;jyKí csufcsif;ta&;,l aqmif&GufrIjyKvkyfyg/ vrf;jyxde;f ausmif;jcif;ESio hf mvGeaf om taxmuf tuljyKrt I wGuf a'ocHtmPm ydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf oif\toif;awmfESifh qufoG,fyg/

25

rSm;,Gif;jcif;taMumif;rSwyg; igynwfonfum; rSm;,Gi;f jcif;taMumif;rSwyg; tjcm;aom taMumif;jzifh rdrdr,m;ESifh uGmítjcm;aom rdef;rESifhpHkbufaomolonf rdrrd ,m;udk jypfrmS ;\/ uGmaomrde;f rESihf pHb k ufaomolonfvnf; olrY ,m;udk jypfrSm;onf/ (róJ? 19;9? owif;pum;jzpfonf) ocifa,½Iu xdkt&mudk &Sif;vif;pGmjyKvkyfxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ rlvtBuHtpnfawmfESifhtaMumif;rSwpfyg; wpfck&Sdygonf/ rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl olYr,m;udk jypfrSm;jcif;trIudpöüyifvQif tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; wpfckudk tqHk;owf jcif;onf a&G;cs,fjcif;taMumif;udpöwpfckjzpfonf/ tu,fí oif\r,m;onf opömr&Sdoljzpfonfqdkygu oifonf olrESifhtwl raeygESi/hf od&Yk mwGif oifonf pGefYypfxm;jcif;vnf;rvkyf&yg/ tb,fodkY jzpfaomoifa&G;cs,f xm;jcif;rqdk oifonf cGifhvTwfzdkY trSefwu,fjyK vkyfp&m&Sdonf/ jyef v nf o if h j rwf j cif ; ES i f h cG i f h v T w f j cif ; tMum; uG J j ym;us,f j yef Y a om uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;wpfck&Sdonf/ oifonf oifhxHrSypönf;rsm; cdk;,lol wpfpHk wpfa,mufudk cGifhvTwf&vdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&monf oif\tdrfxJodkY olcdk;0if a&mufoGm;jcif;udk zdwfac:zdkYjzpfonf[lí t"dyÜg,foufa&mufjcif; r[kwfay/ tu,fí vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfckonf udk;pm;jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif; y#dnmOfjyKcsufudk 0rf;enf;zG,f csKd;azmufNyD;aemufydkif; wpfckwnf;aom ae&mwpfckü jyefvnf wnf a qmuf E d k i f o nf q d k y gu jyef v nf o if h j rwf j cif ; onf wpf v H k ; wpf 0 wnf ; jzpfapEdkifonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf olrY ,m;udk jypfrmS ;jcif;ESihf csK;d azmufjcif;udk b,faomtcgrQ 'ku©a0'emcHpm;&olrsm;jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf¤if;\ aMumufvefY&GHU&Smjcif; &ifqdkifawGUBuHK&ol oli,fcsif;rsm;jzifh &yfwnfcJhMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ þvifr,m;pHkwGJrsm;teuf wpfcsKdUonf jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;udk ayGUydkufxm;zdkY a&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/ tydkif;ydkif;tjywfjywfjzpfaom olwdkY\ y#dnmOf jyKcsufudk jyefvnfjyifqifzdkY cJ,Of;aom tvkyfudk jyKvkyfaeMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ trIaMumif;&if;wpfckpDü opömr&Sd aom r,m;onf aemifw&jcif;ESifh usKd;yJhaom ae&mwpfckodkY a&muf&SdoGm; Muonf/ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;jzpfapMuygpdkY/ xdkae&mü aemifww&m;r&SdbJ jyefvnfoifhjrwfapEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocif onfyifvQif

26 ol\tptqHk; r&Sdaom Muifemoem;jcif;ESifh arwåmawmftm;jzifh aemifw&zdkY uREykf w f Ykd tm; awmif;qdjk cif;jzpfonf/ ESv;kH om;ESihf pdw"f mwfajymif;v jJ cif;wpfc&k zdS Ykd jzpfonf/ olESifhjyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;rwdkifrD ajymif;vJjcif;&Sd&rnf/ uREfkyfwdkY jyefvnfí roifhjrwfEdkifaom vifr,m;pHkwGJrsm;taMumif;udk odxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;\ av;vHjcif;wpfcktwGuf vdktyfaom cHpm;csurf &SMd uolrsm;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf opömazmufí tyfEjHS cif;ajrqGt J m; udk em;vnfxm;oljzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom avQmhay;jcif;t&m wpfckudk jyKvkyfcJhonf/ olwdkYonf tm;enf;aom uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;rS jyefíumrd olrsm;jzpfMuonfhtwdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf þrdwfaqGrsm;tm; bk&m;aumif;csD;ay; onfudk apmifhMunfhaeMuol rsm;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f u Ykd oifu h kd cGet f m;ay;csio f nfrmS tu,fíoifonf uGm&Si;f jywfpJ jcif; a0'emcHpm;ae&oljzpfonfqdkygu oifhudkawGUzdkY ¤if;udk cGifhrjyKygESifh xdkt&m onf oif\twdwfumvtpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif 4if;onf oif\ tem*wfumv ajrNydKjcif;udk pdwfqHk;jzwfcsufjyK vkyfp&mrvdkay/ twdwfumvonf oif\Opömypönf;r[kwfay/ xdkt&monf bk&m;ocif ESifhoufqdkifygonf/ oif\touf0dnmOf&efolonf twdwfumvudk toHk;jyKzdkY BuKd ;pm;ygvdrrhf nf/ oif\twdwu f mvtwGuf bk&m; ocif\tBut H pnf awmfukd uefYvefYjzwfzdkYjzpfonf/ xdkt&mudk owdw&xm;yg/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhudk,aeY ay;tyfxm;onf/ xdkYtjyif ,aeY oifjyKvkyfaom xdka&G;cs,fjcif;onf oif\ reufjzefaeYudk yHkazmfygvdrfhrnf/ oif\wefjrefaeYur[kwfyg/ tu,fí oifonf tm;enf;aom a&G;cs,fjcif;jyKvkyfonfqdkygu bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmf ESifh ÚmPf y nmud k ayG U yd k u f x m;yg/ aemif w &jcif ; tm;jzif h o if h u d k , f o if E S d r f h c syg/ ud, k af wmf\ tHMh ozG,af us;Zl;w&m;ESihf tawGUtBuKH xm;yg/ pdwaf rmzG,f tajctae rsm;udk ajymif;vJjcif;&SdzdkY tb,fodkYjzpfaom aus;Zl;awmfwefcdk;jzpfonf/

pGJNrJaeapolwpfOD;jzpfygovm; tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\yHkpHudk ocifa,½I\ ½kyfvHk; ay:atmifajymqdkjcif;onf pHEIef;rSaeí t&if;tjrpfESifhqdkifaom xGufcGgjcif; wpfckjzpf&ayrnf/ xdkxufru ol\wynfhawmfrsm;udk bdodufay; rIwfoGif;ol

27 jzpfonf/ ol\EIwaf wmfxu G pf um;rsm;tm; tjyifbufü xdo k w l t Ykd m; r&raejyKvyk f apygonf/ olwdkY\ wdkifwef;pGJqdkcsufudk&SmMunfhMuygpdkY/ wynf h a wmf w d k Y u vnf ; ]]vif r ,m;trI o nf þod k Y j zpf v Qif pH k b uf jcif;udkrjyKaumif;yg[k avQmufMu\/}} (róJ? 19;10/ owif; pum;jzpf onf/ xnfhoGif;xm;aom tm½HkjyKcsufjzpfonf/) pGJNrJaeapjcif;jzpfygovm;/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;toufwmtwGuf wu,f aMumufrufzG,ftjrif½Ia'gifhwpfckjzpfonfAsm/ xdkumvü wynfhawmfrsm;uJhodkYyif uREfkyfwdkYrsm; teufajrmufrsm;pGmaomvlrsm;onf uefYowfxm;jcif;ESifh zdodyfjcif; uJhodkY tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk ½IjrifMuonf/ pGJNrJaeapjcif;udk &,lxm;jcif;ESifh rSm;,Gif; aom yk*¾dKvfESifhaMumufrufzG,ftdrf axmifjyKjcif;tm;jzifh uyfqdkufjcif;odkY a&mufoGm;Muaom tysKdvlysKdrdef;r rsm;ESifh vifa,mufsm;rsm; tb,frQavmuf ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdygoenf;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tb,fodkY oif,l&aomt&mrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ tdrf axmifjyKjcif;onf rSefuefaomyk*¾dKvf ajrmufrsm;pGm&SmazGawGU&Sdjcif;uJhodkYr[kwf/ vlrSeftaMumif;udk &SmazGjcif;jzpfonf/ r,m;wpfa,muftwGuf vdkufvH&SmazG aomtcg rSm;,Gi;f onf[k uREykf w f t Ykd m; r,lqygESi/hf 4if; onf 0dnmOfNird o f ufjcif; ESifh bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfwdkifyifn§dEdIif;jcif;udk &SmazGzdkY&SmMunfhzdkY ta&;BuD;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf armifrSef odkYr[kwf rrSefudk rMumcP vGefpGm,HkMunfjcif; jzpfonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd toufwmü uGm[yfaom tayguftm;vH;k udk tHzh , G jf znfq h nf; ay;ygvdrfh rnf/ xdktvkyfudk rSDEdkifaom vlom;wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQr&Sdyg/ ¤if;\ tqift h wef;wpfcu k kd wpfyg;wnf;aombk&m;om jznfq h nf;ay;Edik o f nf/ xdt Yk jyif oifonf tjcm;rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ b0tajctaeudk tkyfcsKyfpDrHEdkifjcif; r&Sday/ oif tb,fodkYawG;xifonf tb,fodkYvdktyfonf txJodkY xdkolwdkYtm; twdtus topfajymif;vJapEdkifolr[kwfyg/ oiftrSew f u,fvt kd yfEikd o f nfrmS pifatmifjyKvyk jf cif;twGuf bk&m;ocif \ jzpfpOfuakd yGyY u kd x f m;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif tem*wfZeD;r,m; odrYk [kwf oif\ acwfa&pD;aMumif;twGuf oif\ toufwmudk twårqefbJ vJavsmif;EdkifoltrsKd;orD; odkYr[kwf trsKd;om;wpfOD;jzpfvmygonf/ oif\ toufwmvJavsmif;jcif;jzpfpOfü oifonf udk,fwdkifpdwf0ifpm;jcif;rsm;udk

28 atmfajymjcif;xufomí jynfh0pHkvifjcif;udk &SmazGawGU&Sd&vdrfhrnf/ róJ? 6;22u ajymonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ rsufpdum; udk,f\qDrD; jzpf\/ þt&monf xdkodkYt"dyÜg,foufa&mufygonf/ oif\pdwful; tawG;tac:onf oif\tppftrSefw&m;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ ]]pGJNrJaeapol wpfOD;jzpfygovm;}} udk owd0&D , d ESihf apmifah rQmjf cif;onf oif\tdraf xmif jyKjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf tb,fojYkd yKvyk Ef ikd jf cif;udk uefo Y wfay; vdrrhf nf/ tu,fí oifonf arQmv f ifch suf uif;rJhaom axmifacsmufwpf ckuJhodkY oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk odrSwfjyKol jzpfonfqdkygu xdkodkY tb,f odkYjzpfaom xdkt&monf jzpfvmygvdrfhrnf/ oif\ obm0tjzpftysuf rsm;onf oif\0dnmOfa&;&m ½lyg½Hktm;jzifh tqHk;pGefü owfrSwfjy|mef;ay;vdrfhrnf/ xdkYtjyif tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;jcif; taMumif;rSwpfyg; r&Sdyg/ oifonf vGefpGmar;jref;aom *RefESifhvDZmtaMumif;udk pOf;pm; MunfhEdkifyg onf/ oifonf uREfkyf\r,m;twGuf uREfkyf\ tdrfrufrsm; arQmfvifhcsufrsm;ESifh vdktyfrIrsm;taMumif;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ trSef wu,foifa0rQaom t&monf aumif;aomtawG;tac:wpfco k mjzpfonf/ wpfpw kH pf&m rIwo f iG ;f jcif; cH&zdkYomjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf oifhudk pdwfcsapEdkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif onf oifwaYkd ysm&f iT af pzdYk trSeyf if vdv k m;ygonf/ od&Yk mwGif ppfreS af omaysm&f iT jf cif; onfomíBu;D jrwfaom trSv D u kd jf cif;wpfcu k kd xkwv f yk zf jYkd zpfonf/ aysm&f iT jf cif;onf omíjrifhrm;aom &nf&G,fcsufwpfckudk jynfh0pHkvifapjcif;rS a&muf&Sdvmjcif; jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif rnfonfx h u kd w f efaom &nf&, G cf surf sK;d udrk qdk oif\toufwm udkvJavsmif;ay;zdkYoifhudk awmif;qdkvdrfhrnf/ twåpdwfudk tjrpfjywfokwfoif &Si;f vif;ypfjcif;tm;jzifh uREykf w f o Ykd nf rSeu f efaom aysm&f iT jf cif;ukad wGU jrifvrd rhf nf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf rdrdudk,fudk A[dkjyKjcif;ESifh þrsufESm qdkifjcif;twGuf pHkvifaom ywf0ef;usifwpfckudk toifhjyifqifxm;onf/ ]]tu,fí r,m;ESpfOD;}} onf wdarmaoudk pma&;jcif;ESifh auoD ESifh uJvmwdkYonf ]]uREfkyfonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh t"dujyóemuJhodkY uREyfk \ f twå A[djk yKjcif;udk toH;k cs&vdrrhf nf[í l }} wpfO;D pDwo Ykd nf xdt k wdik ;f ajymaeMuonfqykd gu oifonf rSefuefpGm jrifhjrwfaom tdrfaxmifwpf ckjyKjcif;twGuf arQmfvifhp&m taMumif;jzpfonf/ twåA[dkjyKjcif;onf jrifhjrwfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk ESpfNcdKufNrdef,Sufjcif;rS uREfkyfwdkYtm; xdef; odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif; jzpfonf/ twå

29 pdwu f kd wifvLS ylaZmfjcif;onf 4if;\ jynf0h pHv k ifjcif;ü tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk Nred , f u S f jcif;&SdzdkYaomhcsufjzpfonf[lí tb,fodkYt"dyÜg,f oufa&mufjcif;jzpfonf/ tu,fíoifonf r,m;ESifhaygif;oif;qufqH&mü ½kef;uefae&oljzpfonfqdkygu twåA[dk jyKjcif;onf jyóem\ t&if;tjrpf jzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/

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udk,fawmfuvnf; xdkpum;udk vlwdkif;rcHr,lEdkif/ tcGifh&aom olwdkYom cH,lEdkifMuonf/ vltcsKdUwdkYonf trd0rf;xJuyif rdef;r vQmjzpf Mu\/ tcsKUd wdo Yk nf olwpfyg;qH;k rí rde;f rvQmjzpfMu\/ tcsKUd wdo Yk nf aumif;uif EdkifiHawmftzdkYtvdkYiSg rdrdudk,fudk qHk;rí rdef;rvQmjzpfMu\/ xdkpum;udk cH,lEdkifaomolonf cH,lap[k rdefYawmfrl\/ róJ? 19;11-12? owif; pum;jzpfonf/ xnfhoGif; xm;aom tm½HkjyKcsufjzpfonf/) wynfhawmfrsm;onf pGJNrJapjcif; cHpm;csufudk qHkcsufxm;MupOf tawm twGif; ocifa,½Ionf xkwfjyefaMujimcsufwpfck jyKvkyfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ xdkaMujimcsufonf olwdkY\ wnf&Sdaeaom uefYowfcsufudk wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;vmzdkY wefcdk;&Sdonf/ ocifa,½Iu tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk axmifacsmufuJhodkY rjrifyg/ xd k t &mud k wpf p H k w pf & muJ h o d k Y jrif a eol j zpf o nf / xd k w pf p H k w pf & monf oif\toufwmudk us,fjyefYoGm;apEdkifyg onf/ ¤if ; ud k xd k o d k Y j rif [ ef v u© P m&S d E d k i f y gonf / td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; onf ¤if;\yg0ifa&m,Sufjcif;wefzdk;ESifh ta&twGuf qkwf,kwfapjcif;jzpfonf/ tvH k ; pH k j zpf N yD ; aemuf vl E S p f O D ; onf wpf O D ; wnf ; jzpf v mjcif ; r[k w f y govm;/ rnfo dkYy ifq dka pumrl xd k xuf ru qk wf ,k wf a pjcif; odkYr [kw f xdkx ufr u jcm;em;apjcif;onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;atmif jzpfyGm;ap jcif;jzpf onf/ vlESpfOD;onf wpfOD;wnf;jzpfvmaomtcg toufwme,f y,fwdkif;ü qwdk;udef;rsm;jym;vmjcif;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifwdkY wdk; yGg;rsm;jym;í ajrBu;D udk Edik af vmh[al om ynwfawmf? trdeaYf wmfukd zef qif;jcif;cH&aom tm'HEiS hf {0ud k a y;tyf o nf h w d k i f a tmif r [k w f y g/ xd k t rd e f Y a wmf o nf uav;ol i ,f

30 rsm;jym;vmjcif;udk uefYowfxm;jcif;r&Sday/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü ppfrSefaom qwdk;udef;rsm;jym;vmjcif;onf csdefwG,fwdkif;wmzdkY vGefpGmaps;BuD;jrifhjcif;ESifh t&nftcsif;jynfhrSDEdkifzdkY jzpfEdkifacsr&Sday/ uREfkyfwdkYonf oifhudk pdwfcsapEdkifonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ tu,f íxd k t &monf uREf k y f w d k Y \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f r [k w f y gu oif o nf þpmtkyfudk zwfae&vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ odkYr[kwf uREfkyfwdkYa&;aom pmtkyf wpfcktm;jzifh rnfonfhpmtkyfudkrQ zwfp&mrvdkay) uREfkyfwdkYonf ao;i,fusOf; ajrmif ; aom touf w mES i f h touf & S i f & ygvd r f h r nf / ,aeY uREf k y f j zpf o nf h twdkif;jzpfaom uREfkyf (*Ref)onf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl; awmfaMumifhjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf tpOftNrJvG,ful jcif;&Sdygovm;/ vHk;0OóHk r&SdygAsm/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifonf enf;vrf; wdkif;ü uREfkyf\ toufwmudk us,fjyefYBuD;rm;vmzdkY uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;udk toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ uRefr (vDZm) onf tvm;wlenf;vrf;ü cHpm;csuftwdtus&Sd ygonf/ xd k Y t jyif uRef r onf uRef r \ cif y G e f ; tm;jzif h bk & m;ocif o nf uRef r \ toufwmudk csJUxGifay;aom enf;vrf;twGuf tvGefaus;Zl; wif&oljzpfonf/ OD;pGmyxr tdrfaxmifjyKMuaomtcg uRefronf vlrsm;udk xdwv f efaY Mumuf&UHG &ol jzpfonf/ uRerf ig;ESpo f m;t&G,üf uifqma&m*g ESifh rsufpdwpfzufuG,fjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í BuD;rm;us,fjyefYpGmaom ab;uif; vHkNcHKrIr&Sdaom taMumif;t&mj zpfonf/ *Refu uRefr\ aMumuf&GHUjcif; taMumif;udk odygonf/ xdkumvü rnfonfhenf;ESifhrqdk bk&m;ocif\ qkaus;Zl;jzpfonf[k ajymavh&Sdoljzpfonf/ ol\wdkufwGef;tm; ay;jcif;onfomí us,fjyefYBuD;rm;aomtoufwmwpfckESifh bk&m;ocif\ tBuHtpnfawmf txJodkY0ifa&mufoGm;zdkY uRefrtm; vGwfapjcif; axmuf u l j yK rI j zpf o nf / tb,f o d k Y j zpf a om uRef r \tH h t m;oif h j cif ; onf vl r sm;twG u f ajrmufrsm;pGmaom omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;ESifh yg0ifa&m,Suf uRr;f 0if&ygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYa&;om;azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; bk&m;ocifonf wdk;yGm;rsm;jym; vmzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; wm0efay;aomtcg olonf uav;oli,frsm;arG;zGm;zdkY taMumif;udkom ajymjcif;r[kwfay/ bk&m;ocif0efcHxm;onfrSm xdkodkYyifjzpfyg onf/ a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;raygif;oif;qufqHjcif;onf (wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;twGuf ½dk;om;aom pkaygif;jcif;jzpfapzdkY trSefwu,fay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/)

31 jrifhjrwfaom qyGm;wdk;yGm;jcif;twGuf tcGifhta&;udk zefwD;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ þusifhpOfonf toufwm e,fy,fwdkif;ü vufudkifxm;jcif;onf trSefw&m;jzpf onf/ oif\ 0efukd xrf;aqmifo?l oif\ rdom;pktoufwm? oif\ 0dnmOfa&;&m toufwm ESifhomírsm;jym;aom t&mrsm;onf vufqkyfvufudkif&aom trSef w&m;jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; wpfpHk wpf&m ay;tyfxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ xdkt&monf uREfkyfwdkY\ e,fedrdwfrsm;udk aemufjyefwGef;ay;onf/ tu,fí oif\toufwmonf rsm;jym;vmjcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvm r&Sdjcif;jzpfonfqdkygu ¤if;\BudK;pm; tm;xkwfjcif;tcsdefudk &yfwefYapzdkYjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif oif\r,m;udk txl;ESpfoufyg/ oif\ r,m;udk t½dktaoay;yg/ aumif;aomppfAsL[mrSL;wpfO;D onf oifu h akd jymjyvdrrhf nfrmS xdo k Ykd jzpfonf/ BuD;rm;aom ppfyGJtBuHtpnftwGif; xl;jcm;onfh 0daovu© Pmwpfckonf &efoEl iS o hf \ l uRr;f usirf u I kd &if;&if;ES;D ES;D oduRr;f jcif;wpfck jzpfonf/ (abmvH;k toif;rsm; onf olwdkY\ NydKifbufupm;enf;udk AGD'D,dk ü apmifhMunfhcsdef ajrmufrsm;pGm oH;k jzKe;f onfuo kd iftb,faMumifh pOf;pm; ae&ygoenf;/) &efoo l nf tdraf xmifjyKjcif; rsm;udk wdu k cf u kd af omtcg txl;ojzifh c&pf,meftrd af xmifjyKjcif; udk wdu k cf u kd af omtcg ol\ Bu&H , G f csuo f nf atmifEikd o f El iS hf aoG;cGzJ jYkd zpfonf/ þtodynmonf ol\ uRr;f usirf u I kd ajcukw, f zl Ykd aphaqmfcsuu f kd uREykf w f t Ykd m; ay;&ayvdrrhf nf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf wdkufcdkufMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif \ pdwful;ÚmPfESifh wdkufcdkufaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;udk jyKvkyfay; aomolonf oifr[kwf? bk&m;ocifjzpfonfudk owdw&xm;yg/ pmwefonf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk rke;f wD;ygonf/ tb,fah Mumifh qdak omf ¤if;onf vdiq f ufqjH cif; wpfckxufomvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m aoG;pnf;nDñGwfrI wpfckjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf xdkodkYjzpfaom xl;jcm;aom vu©Pmudk ydkifqdkifjcif;taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf qefYusif buft&mESihf awGUqHw k u kd cf u kd &f vdrrhf nf/ odaYk omfoifonf yef;wdik o f t Ykd a&mufquf vuf z d E S d y f x m;&rnf / (zd v d y Ü d ? 3;14 ud k zwf y gav) ¤if ; onf vG , f u l j cif ; &Sd&vdrfhrnf[lí ocifa,½Iu b,faomtcgrQajymqdkjcif; &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ tjzpftysufxJü olonf þpum;rsm;ESifh uREfkyfwdkYtm; pdefac:xm; onfrSm -

32 xdpk um;udk vlwikd ;f rcHr,lEikd /f tcGi&hf aom olwo Ykd m cH,El ikd Mf u \/ (róJ? 19;11/ owif;pum;jzpfonf) BuD ; &if h j cif ; \ BuD ; rm;aom tpd w f t yd k i f ; wpf c k o nf oif , l j cif ; ES i f h BuD;yGm;wdk;wufzdkY qE´jyif;jyjcif;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; pmtkyfü pma&;q&m tmoma*&Daomrwf(pf)a&;om;xm;onfrSm ]]tu,fí oifonf ocifa,½IESifhomí wlnDvmatmif vdkcsifoljzpfonfqdkygu &,lxm;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;xuf vkyfaqmifzdkYrnfonfh aumif;aom t&mudkrqdk uREfkyfonf pdwful;pOf;pm;Edkifjcif;r&Sday/ wpfenf;enf;jzifh &ifqdkifzdkY b,faomtcgrQ oifür&Sd zl;aom oD;jcm;vu©Pm jyóemwpfcsKdUESifh &ifqdkifzdkY tdrfaxmifjyKxm;jcif;u oifhudk twif;t"r® jyKjcif;jzpfonf [lí azmfjyyg&Sdonf/}} ocifa,½Iu xdkt&m udk&Sif;vif;pGm jyKvkyfxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; touf wmonf uREfkyfwdkY\&ifhusuf rIr&Sdjcif;udk xif&Sm;odom&vdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmfü BuD;yGm;vmzdkY qE´jyif;jyae Muolrsm; jzpfonf qdkygu (aus;Zl;awmfonf onf;cHjcif;twå pdwfuif;rJhjcif;ESifh ESdrfhcsjcif;udk tb,fodkY awmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/) uREfkyfwdkYonf aemufqHk;ü BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufvdrfhrnf/

y#dnmOfjyKjcif; odkYr[kwf aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif; vlrsm;wdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; y#dnmOfwpfckudk aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif; wpfckuJhodkY rMumcP ½IjrifMuonf/ þt&monf jyóemwpfckjzpfonf/ aphpyf aMumif;vrf;jcif;wpfckonf ½dk;om;pGmaom oabmwlnD csufwpfckjzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ xdkt&monf vIyf&Sm;jcif;uefYowf xm;zdkY zefwD;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkt&mudk ½IyfaxG;ayGvDpGmajymMuonf rSm ]]þt&mrsm;onf owfrSwfxm;aom e,ferd w d rf sm;jzpfonf/ oifonf þoabmwlcsuu f kd csK;d azmuf&vdrrhf nfr[kwyf g/ tu,fí oifonf uREykf w f \ Ykd a0g[m&pum;udk twif;t"r®jyKojl zpfonfqykd gu xdktcg uREfkyfonf þt&mrS tjyifbufodkYxGufoGm;zdkY tcGifhta&;&Sdonf}}[k qdkMuayonf/ tjcm;pum;jzifhqdk&ygrl uREfkyfonf pGJNrJapjcif;&SdolwpfOD; r[kwfay/ aph p yf a Mumif ; vrf ; jcif ; onf Bud , myk ' f w pf c k v nf ; jzpf o nf / wpf c k wnf;aom ]]ar&d,ef0ufpwmtbd"mefusrf;u twlwuG twif;t"r® jyKjcif;

33 odkYr[kwf twif;oGwfoGif;jcif;tm;jzifh rlvtajctaea[mif;odkY jyefvnfa&muf ap&ef}} uJhodkY t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkxm;onf/ xdkt&monf ocif a,½Iac:wGifxm;aom BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifhrnfonfh t&mrqdkwlnDaom t"dyÜg,f r&Sday/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwm rsm; BuD;rm;us,fjyefY vmzdaYk rQmv f ifch sujf zpfonf/ xdt k &mrsm;udo k míao;i,f vmatmif jyKvyk x f m;jcif; r[kwfay/ bk&m;ocifonf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif;uJo h o Ykd m ½Ijrifjcif; r&Syd g/ olonf0n d mOfa&;&m y#dnmOfjyKjcif;wpfcu k o hJ Ykd ½Ijrifygonf/ ¤if;onf oabmwlnD csuw f pfct k aMumif;udk &Si;f vif;azmfjyxm;onfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfyg onf/ ]]uREykf o f nf oifü&So d rQEiS hf uREykf üf &So d rQay;aeaomoljzpfonf/ t&m&mwdik ;f onf uREykf jf zpfonfEiS hf uREykf üf &Sad om t&m&m wdik ;f onf oif\Opöm ypön;f rsm;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif oifü&Sad om t&mtm;vH;k onf ,cktcg uREykf Of pöm jzpfonf/ t&m&mwdik ;f uREykf w f jYkdyK vkyjf cif;onf þvSywifw h ,faom vJv, S jf cif; taMumif;aMumifh wd;k rsm;vmjcif; us,jf yefBY u;D rm; vmjcif;ESihf qyGm;wd;k rsm;vm& ayvdrrhf nf/}} y#dnmOfjyKjcif;u 0rf;ajrmufpmG xkwaf zmf aMunmonfrmS ]]uREykf o f nf pGNJ raJ polwpfa,muf r[kwyf g/ xdt Yk jyif uREykf o f nf xdktaMumif;aMumifh aysmf&Tifolwpfa,muf jzpfonfAsm[lí aMunmygonf/ xdt k &monf Bu;D rm;us,jf yefv Y mjcif; jzpfonf/ {zufNrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;tm; &SifaygvkajymcJhonfrSm tcsif;a,mufsm;wdkY c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfudk cspfawmfrlouJhodkY oifwv Ykd nf; ud, k chf ifyeG ;f udk cspMf uavmh/ ({zuf? 5;25/ xnfo h iG ;f xm;aom tm½HkjyKcsufjzpfonf/) &Sifaygvku c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfudk cspfonfhenf;wl a,mufsm;rsm; onf olwdkY\ r,m;rdef;rrsm;udk cspfzdkYwdkufwGef;cGeftm;ay;onf/ þarwåmonf y#dnmOfjyKjcif;arwåmwpfckjzpfonf/ xdkt&monf aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif;xuf rsm;pGmomvGefygonf/ a,mufsm;rsm;onf 0rf;ajrmufaom olrsm;r[kwfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ ocifa,½Iu oifwdkYtvGefcspfp&m raumif;aomtcsdefyif oifwdkYudkcspfonfr[kwfygovm;/ ocifa,½Ionf aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif;wpfck uJhodkYom oifESifh rdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;udk b,faomtcgrQ ½Ijrifvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/ olonf wpfpHkwpf&mudktxJodkY pGJNrJapoljzpfonf/ oifonfxdkodkY 0rf;ajrmufol

34 r[kwyf govm;/ uREykf w f \ Ykd yef;wdik o f nf uREykf w f \ Ykd orD;ESiphf yfvsO;f í uREykf w f \ Ykd pdwfoabmxm;ESifh wkefYjyefcsuftm;jzifh ocifa,½I\ arwåmudk yHkwlul;,lzdkY jzpf& ayrnf/ (pum;rpyf &Siaf ygvkonf xdak e&mü&yfwefY jcif;r&Sad y/ olonfuREyk f w f Y k d \r,m;rsm; twGuf uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;udk rif;b@mtjzpfodrf;,lzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; qufvufajymjyaeoljzpf onf/ wu,fhtrdefYawmfwpfckjzpfonfAsm/) xdkt&mudk ESvHk;om;xJüodkrSD;xm;yg/ {zufMo0g'pmapmiftcef;BuD;oHk;ü tcsdefwdkawmif;pGmolonf þpum;rsm; a&;om;jcif;rwdkifrD &Sifaygvk onf vlrsKd;awmftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmtwdrfteuftaMumif;udk a&;om;azmfjy xm;onf/ aemufyikd ;f tcef;Bu;D ESpcf ük om olonftrdeaYf y; cJo h nfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ tvm;wlarwåmtrsKd;tpm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrf axmifjyKjcif;rsm;ü awGU&ayrnf/ xdkt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYcspfjcif;tm; ]]c&pf awmfonf toif;awmfudk cspfouJhodkYom jzpfonf/}} uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rsm;onf udk,fawmf\ owdkYorD;twGuf c&pfawmf\ arwåmawmfESifh yHkoGif;zdkYt"dyÜg,foufa&mufygonf/ tu,fí vl r sKd ; awmf w d k Y t Mum; rd w f o [m,zG J U jcif ; jzpf o nf q d k y gu ocif a ,½I o nf olE Si fhr dw fo [m,zG J U vd k csif ol jzpf onf ud k tb,fha Mumifhr odo lr sm;jzpf& vdr fh rnfenf;/ oif\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf tb,faMumift h vGet f a&;Bu;D onfuo kd if awGUjrifae&ygovm;/ xdkt&monf oifhtaMumif;aMumifhom r[kwfay/ ¤if;onf udk,fawmf\arwåmawmfESifhavmuBuD;txJodkY qdkufa&mufoGm;zdkY bk&m;ocif\ jyif;jyaomqE´taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ,cifu a0rQxm;onfhtwdkif; oif\r,m;twGuf rSefuef aom arwåmonf oifhtwGuf bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfudkvufcH jcif;twGuf ukefpifatmif pD;qif;rIwpfckjzpfonf/ þeuf½dIif;aomarwåm wpfckonf BuHzef ÚmPfqifEdkifjcif;r&Sday/ ¤if;onf vlom;\ em;vnf oabmayguf xm;jcif;udk tmcHaom wpfOD;wnf;aom arwåm&SifrSvufcH &&Sdxm;&ayrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf OD;pGmyxr oifhudkajymjyzdkYjzpf&vdrfhrnfrSm xdkodkYjzpf onf/ tdrfaxmifjyKzdkY bk&m;ocif\ csnf;uyfjcif;rSm vG,fuljcif;r&Sdyg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf csnf a ES m if j cif ; ud k ck w f j zwf y pf z d k Y o mí ES p f o uf v mMuaomtcg uREf k y f w d k Y \ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü tcsdefumvrsm;&Sdygonf/ ¤if;onf arQmfvifhcsuftm;vHk; aysmufuG,foGm;jcif;ESifhwl[efvu©Pm&Sdonf/ odkY&m wGif ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fMum

35 tdrfaxmifjyKNyD;aemufydkif; uREfkyfwdkYtpOftNrJ jzpfonfhtwdkif;jzpfonfhtcsdef umvxuf ,aeYomí aysmf&TifaeMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkYonf jzpfwef&mjcif;? arQmfvifhjcif;ESifhtwl aemufxyfESpfaygif;oHk;q,fMumzdkY a&SUodkYom vSrf;MunfhaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/

toufyifvm; odkYr[kwf toufaoyifvm; uRefr (vDZm) onf O,smOfNcHpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfzdkY BudKufESpfoufygonf/ odkY&mwGif *Refu uRefr\pdwf0ifpm;rIudk a0rQxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/ O,smOfNcH tb,fodkY xGufaom oD;ESHrsm;twGuf aysmfydkufoljzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif wyif wyef;vkyfudkifzdkY awmif;qdkcsufr&Sday/ O,smOfNcHrsm;xJü tvkyfajrmufrsm; pGm&Sdygonf/ xdkYtjyif tyifrsm;twGuf tcsdefrsm;pGmay;&ygonf/ tcsdef rsm;pGmawmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ uHtm;avsmfpGm *ReftwGuf uRefrwdkYonf tpm;tpmwpfckvHk;ESifh rdepftenf;i,f Mumaexdik yf gonf/ xdaYk Mumifh *Ref onf vufrsm;npfywfjcif;udk vdv k m;olr[kwaf y/ O,smOfNcHvkyfief;ESifh rsm;pGmwlaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wpfckonf xGef,uf pdkufysKd;&mü tcsdefESifhpGrf;tifrsm;pGm awmif;qdkygonf/ tu,fí uRefrwdkYonf rdrdtdrfaxmifudk usef;rmoefpGrf;vdkonfqdkygu xdkae&mü tpma&Smifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkt&mudka&G;,lydkifcGifh&Sdygonf/ xdkt&monf r&Sd rjzpfvdktyfaom tvkyfudk y&d,m,fjzifh ta&;omatmifvkyfzdkY uRefrwdkY tm; cGifhjyKygvdrfhrnf/ tb,fodkY aumif;aomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/ tb,f aMumifhenf;/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf uRefrwdkYtb,fodkYvkyfaqmifaom vkyfief;udk wefzdk;xm;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif uRerf wdo Yk nf uRerf wdYk tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk wefz;kd xm;zdYk vdt k yfjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ aumif;aomowif; (wpfcgwpf&Howif;qdk;jzpfonf) xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü pdkufysKd;xm;aomt&m&mwdkif;onf oif\ uGjJ ym;jcm;em; aom toufwme,fy,frsm;ü &dwo f rd ;f &ygvdrrhf nf/ þtcef; BuD;\ tapmydkif;ü uRefrwdkYonf toufyifuJhodkY uRefrwdkY\ tdrfaxmif jyKjcif; tawG;tac:udk pl;prf;&SmazGxm;Muonf/ &nf&nfiHiHpum;ajym qdkjcif;onf trSefw&m;vnf; jzpfonf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf aojcif;tyifwpfyifvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/

36 uRefrwdkYa&;om;azmfjyxm;aom {'ifO,smOfawmf&Sd tyifESpfyif qDodkY jyefvnfí tvnftywfoGm;MuygpdkY/

þtyif r sm;ES p f y if p vH k ; onf tvm;wl rnpf n L;aomt&mES i f h tpGef;txif;r&Sdaomt&m ESpfrsKd;pvHk;aysmfydkufMuonf/ toufudk ayguf yGm;apaomtyifwpfyifESifh toufudkaoapaom tjcm; tyifwpfyif &Sdygonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ taqmuftOD;onf ajr MoZmESifh wlygonf/ xdkYtjyif oif\acwfa&pD;aMumif;odkYr[kwf oif\ tem*wftdrfaxmif jyKjcif;onf tyifwpfyifESifhwlygonf/ tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;twGuf rlvtBuHtpnf awmfonf aumif;aomajrjzpfonf/ tb,f odkYaomtxJü oif\aygif;pnf;jcif; onf aygufyGm;Edkifygonf/ odkY&mwGif a&G;cs,fjcif;onf oif\Opömypönf;jzpfonf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf toufudkaygufyGm;aom xdktyifjzpfvdrfhrnfvm;/ oif\ r,m;rdom;pk? rdwaf qGrsm;ESihf vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufrsm;onf ¤if;\ jyKpyk sK;d axmif jcif;tm;jzifh Nird o f ufjcif;? 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf arwåmud&k ifqikd f awGUBuKH vrd rhf nfvm;/ odkYr[kwf ¤if;\toD;udk pm;aomolrsm;twGuf cg;oD;jcif;? twåqefjcif;ESifh cGeftm;r&Sdjcif;udk urf;vSrf;ay;vdrfhrnfvm;/ uREf k y f w d k Y r sm;teuf ajrmuf r sm;pG m aom vl r sm;onf td r f a xmif j yK jcif;taqmuftOD;udk uREfkyfwdkY\ jyóemrsm;t&if;tjrpfuJhodkY 4if;udk,fwdkif ½I j rif x m;onf / tjcm;ol r sm;onf ol w d k Y \ ZeD ; r,m;rsm;ud k tjypf w if z d k Y atmfajymaeMuonf/ ½Ia'gift h jrifEpS rf sK;d pvH;k onf uREykf w f u Ykd , kd yf ikd f ESv;kH om;rsm;\ tusifhazmufjyefjcif;udkajymqdkjcif;ESifh 0efcHzdkY jiif;qdkcsufwpfckukd tuG,t f um r&SdbJ cif;usif;xm;onf/ þt&monf oifhtwGufumv twefMumjcif;r&SdzdkY uREfkyfwdkY arQmfvifhygonf/ oifonf þc&D;pOfukd qufvufroGm;rSq D ;kH jzwfcsuw f pfck jyKvyk &f ayrnf/ ,HMk unfjcif;&Szd Ykd oifa&G;cs,&f rnft h &mrSm xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ oif\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif; onf bk&m;ocifu a&S;rqGu jzpfapvdkonfhtwdkif; t&m&mwdkif;jzpfvm ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtjyif t&m&mwdkif;jzpfvmEdkifygonf/ pOf;pm;MunfhzdkYoifapmif;ay;jcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfapEdkifygonf/ xdkt&mudk uREfkyfjrif&aomtcgü xdkt&mudk uREfkyf,HkMunfjcif;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif

37 ajymif;vJjcif;üwnfaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf ajymif;vJjcif;oufaoudk tpOftNrJ a&S U uoG m ;onf / taMumif ; rS m bk & m;ocif \ uwd a wmf r sm; tm;vH k ; onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&&Sdxm;Muonf/ owif;aumif;u xdkodkYjzpfonf/ oif\tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf oift h aMumif;aMumifrh [kwf tvH;k pHw k o Ykd nf ud, k af wmf \ taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ oifjyKvkyf&rnfh t&mrsm;tm;vHk;onf oifudk,fwdkif &,ljcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif bk&m;ocif onf bk&m;jzpfygap/ tvHk;pHkjzpfysufNyD; aemuf oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; onf jrifhjrwfaom udk,fawmf\ trIawmfvkyfief; jzpfonf/ tu,fí oifonf udk,fawmfudk cGifhjyKaponfqdkygu olonfwifhw,f avsmufywfaom txl;uRrf;usifol\ vufpGrf;vufp wpfcktxJ odkY xdkt&mudk ajymif;vJay;vdrfhrnf/

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38 jzpfap wpfckckudk ajymif;vJaponf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkY\ &moDOwkrsm;udk ajymif;vJapjcif;jzpfonf/ om,maomaw;oHopfrsm;oDqzkd Ykd oif,jl cif;ESihf omvGefí eufeJodrfarGUaomt&mrsm;twGuf &SmazGawGU&Sd xm;aom tajzrsm; r&SdbJ ajymif;vJaeaom &moDOwkrsm;twGuf ouf wrf;wpfck tm;jzifh woa0rwdrf;vdkufemjcif;ESifh rsufuef;uJhodkYav;av; uefuef avQmufvSrf;zdkY tb,frQavmufBuD;rm;aom rSm;,Gif;jcif; jzpfonfAsm/ &moDOwkrsm;onf uREfkyftm; omíeuf½dIif;oGm;zdkY yHkoGif;jcif;cH&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ ÚmPfawmftm;jzifh uREfkyf wdkYtm; ñTefMum;zdkYjzpfonf/ jrpfem;rSmpdkuf aomtyifwpfyifuJhodkY cdkifcdkif cefYcefYBuD;xGm;vmzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; ulnDzdkYjzpfonf/}} oif \ r,m;ES i f h oif a 0rQcJ h a omtrsm;qH k ; tH h M ozG , f &moD O wk r sm;teuf wpfct k aMumif;udk oiftb,foYkd ajymvdrrhf nfenf;/ xdt k aMumif; udk tcsKyaf &;om; azmfjyyg/ xdkYtjyif xdkt&monf oifhtwGuf tb,fh aMumifhvGefpGmtxl;&S,f jzpfaMumif;udk a0rQyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfckjzpfonfhtwdkif; oifrsufESmcsif;qdkif&aom trsm;qHk;pdef ac:aeaom rke;f wD;rsm;teuf wpfct k aMumif;udk oiftb,f odYk ajymvdrhf rnfenf;/ rkefwdkif;rsm;tm;jzifh oifonfxdkt&mudk tb,frQavmufjyKvkyfcJhygoenf;/ xdkYtjyif ocifbk&m;u oifhudktb,fodkYoGef oifay;cJhygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cG e f t m;ay;zd k Y t wG u f 2aum 2;14? a&m 8;28/ a'oemusrf ; 3;11 ud k ppfaq;Munfhyg/

39 wpfywfvnfatmif&SmMunfhyg/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh twGif;xJü oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;taMumif;udk tb,f&moDOwkESifhwlaMumif;ajymvdrfhrnfenf;/ þ&moDOwkudkomí aysmf&Tifp&maumif;zdkY oiftb,fodkY jyKvkyfEkdifygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------acwå&yfNyD;qkawmif;yg/ ]]ocifbk&m;? uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmü&Sdaom &moDOwkudk omí aumif;aomaysmf&TifzG,fjzpfzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtb,fodkY jyKvkyfEkdifygoenf;/ udk,fawmf jyKvkyfonfhtwdkif; t&m&mudkMunfhzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; rsufvHk;rsm;ay;awmf rl y g/ þ&moD O wk t aMumif ; aMumif h tem*wf u mvü &d w f o d r f ; &vd r f h r nf / xdkaumif;jrwfaomt&mudk rSefuefpGm em;vnfoabmaygufzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; rpawmfrlyg/ c&pfawmf a,½Iemr awmfjrwfü qkawmif;yg\bk&m;/ tmrif/ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm vGeo f mG ;onft h wdik ;f wpfcw k nf;aom oif\ tdrf axmifjyKjcif; ]]vufaAG}}onfomí pifMu,fjcif;jzpfvmygonf/ ,cktcsdefxdwdkif tcsdef,lyg/ xdt k &mudk aumif;rGepf mG em;vnfoabmaygufxm;yg/ oif\ txl;&S,t f rd af xmif jyKjcif;udk tb,fojYkdyKvyk yf goenf; oifEiS hf oif\ZeD;r,m;wdo Yk nf tawGUtBuKH rsm;? yef;wdik rf sm;? awmif;wrIrsm;? t&nftcsi;f rsm;? yifu, kd pf rG ;f &nfrsm;ESihf qkaus;Zl; taMumif;udk pOf;pm; Munfyh g/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------wpf c k w nf ; aomoif \ rd w f o [m,zG J U quf q H j cif ; ud k zG i f h v S p f í jyoay;zd k Y oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm; ar;NyD;qkawmif;yg/ txl;ojzifh oifESifhoif\ rd w f b uf t m;jzif h tb,f o d k Y j yKvk y f z d k Y vd k v m;awmif ; wygoenf ; / ol o nf oifhudktb,fodkY jyoxm;onfudka&;csyg/ xdkYaemuf xdkt&mudk oif\r,m; ESifh a0rQzdkYtcsdef,lyg/

40

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41 tu,fí oifonf xl;jcm;aomtcef;tem;rsm;ü olYudkom zdwfac:oljzpfonf qdkygu oifonfolESifhyg0ifa&m,SufzdkY arh aysmufoGm; aomtcg b,fodkYuGJjym; jcm;em;aomtoufjzpfygoenf;/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oifonf rnfonfah e&mürqdk rnfonft h csed üf rqdk rnfonfh taMumif;udk rqdk bk&m;ocifESifh pum;ajymjcif;tcGifhxl;&Sdonf/ cJ,Of; aomqufoG,fa&; odkYr[kwf b@ma&; pdefac:csufrsm; rsuf&nfrsm;ESifhtwl oif½kef;uefae&yg ovm;/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifEiS hf oif\ oufqikd jf cif;udk tb,faMumifh ,lxm;jcif;r&Sdygoenf;/ þpm ydk'frsm;udk owdBuD;pGmjzifhzwfyg/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oifESifh tb,fodkY pum;ajymjcif;taMumif;udk a&;csyg/ zdvdyÜd? 4;6-7? róJ? 6;25-34? 1ay? 5;7? ,mukyf? 5;13-16/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------róJ? 7;7-11/ a,m? 14;13-14/ 1a,m? 5;14-15/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ txHawmfü &J&ifhjcif;taMumif;[lrlum; igwdkYonf tvdkawmfESifhtnD wpfpHkwpfckaomqkudk awmif;vQifbk&m; ocifonf em;anmif;awmfrl\/ qkawmif;orQaompum;wdkYudk em;anmif; awmfrlonfudk igwdkYodvQif txHawmfü awmif;aomqkwdkYudk&rnf[k od& Mu\/ (1a,m? 5;14-15)

42 bk & m;ocif o nf oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ud k wd k u f y G J Z H k e ,f w pf c k j zpf apzd k Y vdkvm;jcif;r&Sday/ oif\ {'ifO,smOfawmfjzpfapzdkYvkdvm;aom bk&m; jzpfonf/ {'if [ l a om a0g[m&pum;onf tMunf q d k u f a pjcif ; ES i f h arG U avsmf j cif ; ae&mwpfckjzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,foufa&mufygonf/ oif\ tdrf axmifjyKjcif;tm; jzifh ajymif;vJay;apzdkY oifonf bk&m;ocifudk trsm;qHk; tb,fodkY BudKufESpfouf ygoenf;/ oiftajzay;NyD;aemufydkif; bk&m;ocif tm; awmif;cH&rnf rSm þtjzpf t ysuf u d k M unf h & mü uREf k y f \ tyd k i f ; onf tb,f o d k Y j zpf y goenf ; / uREfkyf\twGif;xJü ajymif;vJoGm;zdkY tb,ft&m vdktyfygoenf;/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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43 oH w ref r sm; aumif ; uif E d k i f i H ud k , f p m;vS , f a wmf r sm; jzpf o nf A sm/ c&pfawmftwGuf oHwrefrsm;jzpfMuonft h wdik ;f uREykf w f o Ykd nf aumif;uif Edik if aH wmf\toHjzpfonf/ ud, k af wmf\ ud, k pf m;vS,f awmfrsm; jzpfMuonfh twdik ;f uREykf w f o Ykd nf ocifb&k m;ud, k pf m;jyK rlaqmif&u G jf cif;ESihf pum;ajymzdYk tmPm tyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif aumif;uifEikd if aH wmf\ oHwrefrsm;jzpfMuonft h wdik ;f uREykf w f o Ykd nf aumif;uifEikd if H awmf\toH jzpfMuonf/ ud, k af wmf\ ud, k pf m;vS,f awmfrsm; jzpfMuonfh twdik ;f uREykf w f Ykd onf ocifb&k m; ud, k pf m;jyKral qmif &Gujf cif;ESihf pum;ajymzdYk tmPmtyfEiS ;f jcif; cH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif aumif;uif Edik if aH wmf\ oHwrefrsm;jzpfMu onfhtwdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf aumif;uifEdkifiHawmf\ t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh tyfEiS ;f xm;aom tcGit hf mPmtm;jzifh pHv k ifaomaxmuful jyKjcif;pHv k if aom ckcaH csyjcif; pHv k ifaom &HyakH iGEiS hf pHv k ifaom ausmaxmuf aemufc&H MdS u olrsm;jzpfonfAsm/ oifESifh oif\r,m;onf avmuBuD;twGuf bk&m;ocif\udk,fpm;rsm; jzpfonf/ olonf ]]udk,fawmf\t,lcH0ifjcif;udkjyKvkyfjcif;}}jzpfonf/ oifhtm;jzifh olYxHodkY jyefvSnfhvmzdkY ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; tylwjyif; awmif;yefonf/ xdkYaMumifh oifonf tb,fodkYt,lcH0ifygoenf;/ tu,f í oifonfbk&m;ocifudkrodjcif; xdkYtjyif oifonf oif\tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;udk yHkoGif;aeaom vifr,m;pHkwGJ wpfckudk awGUjrif&oljzpfonfqykd gu ud, k af wmfEiS hf eD;apzdo Yk ifu h jkd zpfymG ;apaom yHyk ef;o@mef onf tb,fodkY jzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/ udk,fawmfESifh ta0;qHk;odkY a&mufatmifoifhudk tb,fodkY vSnfhajymif;ay;vdrfhrnfenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨monf aumif;rGefpGm cspfjcif;ESifhaumif;rGefpGm touf&Sifjcif;r&Sdaomtcg vlrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk jypfrSm; ajymqdk jcif;jzpfonf/ (a&m? 2;24 udk zwfygav) udk,fawmftm; aumif; rGefpGmudk,fpm; rjyKaomoif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; yHkyef; odkYr[kwf tjyKtrl wpfck? pdwfaeoabm xm;wpfckjzpfapEdkifaom ajymif;vJjcif;twGuf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf

44 oifvdktyfaom rnfonfht&mudkrqdk jyoae ygovm;/ tu,fí xdkodkYjzpfonf qdkygu xdkt&monf tb,fodkYjzpfyg oenf;/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xdkae&mü arQmfvifhcsufuif;rJhjcif; odkYr[kwf jypfwifajymqdkjcif; cHpm;p&m rvdktyf awmhay/ 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhudkjyoaom rnfonfh t&mudkrqdk olonf ajymif;vJjcif;twGuf Bu&H , G cf sujf zpfonf/ oifonf tvH;k pHu k kd jyKvyk zf v Ykd t kd yfonf rSm udk,fawmf\ rpjcif;twGuf awmif;cHjcif;ESifh udk,fawmftm; vufajr§muft½HI; ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREf k y f w d k Y t ouf w mrsm;tm;vH k ; txJ ü {&d , me,f y ,f r sm;&S d o nf / uREf k y f w d k Y Bu;D yGm;&Sio f efEikd af om ae&mjzpfonf/ ocifb&k m;tm;omí aumif;rGepf mG ud, k pf m; jyKzdkYoif,lEdkifaom ae&mjzpfonf/ xdkt&mudk uREkfyfwdkY tb,fodkYjyK vkyfaeMuyg oenf;/ ud, k af wmf\ 0dnmOfawmftcGit hf m PmESit hf yfEiS ;f jcif;tm;jzifh xdt k &mudk jyKvkyfMuonfAsm/ yk*¾dKvfa&;t& udk,fawmf\ arwåmudk vufcHoljzpfonfh twdkif;oifonf 0ef;usifü&Sd aomolrsm;ESifh oif\ r,m;udkcspfzdkY pGrf;aqmif&nfudk vufcH&&Sdoljzpfonf/ þpmydk'frsm;udk owdBuD;pGmzwfyg/ udk,fawmf\ arwåmü &Sio f efBu;D yGm; jcif;ESihf arwåm awmfukd vufc&H &Sjd cif;taMumif;ESihf pyfvsO;f íoef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhudktb,fodkYzGifhvSpfay;onfudk a&;csyg/ a&mr 5;5 {zuf 3;16-19 1 *Ref 4;7-17 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYudk cspfawmfrljcif;arwåmawmfudk igwdkYonf odí ,HkMunfMu\/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmjzpfawmfrl\/ cspfjcif; arwåmü wnfaomolonf bk&m;ocifüwnf\/ bk&m;ocifonfvnf; xdkolü wnfawmfrl\/ xdkodkYigwdkYonf cspfjcif;arwåmESifhjynfhpHkaomtm; jzifh w&m;qHk;jzwfawmfrlaomaeYü &J&ifhaom tcGifh&SdMuvdrfhrnf/ taMumif; rlum; igwdkYonf udk,fawmfenf;wl þavmuüjzpfMu\/ 1a,m? 4;16-17/

45

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46 rsK;d aphBuo J l Oyrmawmfonf róJ? 13;3-23 ESihf rm? 4;3-20wGiv f nf; awGU&onf/ oif\ESvHk;om;xJü tb,fodkYjzpfonfudk oifudk,fwdkifodEdkifjcif; r&Sday/ odkY&mwGif ocifbk&m;onf ¤if;udk ukocsrf;omay;jcif;ESifhESpfrsKd; pvHk; xdkt&mzGifhvSpfay;Edkif aombk&m;jzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;rsm;udk tm½HkjyKzdkY cPwmtcsdefwpfck,lyg/ xm0&bk & m;onf cyf o d r f ; aom pd w f E S v H k ; wd k Y u d k p pf í tBuH t pnf &SdavorQwdkYudk odawmfrl\/ udk,fawmfudk &SmvQif tawGUcHawmf rlrnf/ -5&m? 28;9 pdwEf v S ;kH onf cyford ;f aom t&mxufpOf;vJwwf\/ tvGe, f , kd iG ;f aom oabm&Sd \/ pdwEf v S ;kH oabmudk tb,foo l Ed ikd o f enf;/ ig xm0&bk&m; onf vltoD;oD;wdYk tm; rdrdwdkYtusifhtwdkif; rdrdwdkY cHxdkufaom tusKd;tjypf udkay;jcif;iSg ESvHk; ausmufuyfwdkYudk aphaphppfaMumwwf\/ a,&rdte*w¬dusrf; 17;9-10 owif;pum;jzpfonf/ tdkbk&m;ocif tuREfkyfudk ppfaMumí tuREfkyf\ ESvHk;udkodrSwf awmfrlyg/ pHpk rf;í pdwt f xifrsm;udv k nf; odrw S af wmfryl g/ qd;k aomvrf; odYk tuREykf v f u kd o f nf rvdu k o f nfukd Munf½h í I xm0&vrf;xJoYkd aoG;aqmif awmfrlyg/ - qm? 139;23-24 acwå&yfíqkawmif;yg/ ocifbk&m; - uREfkyf\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; ESifhpyfvsOf;í uREf k y f \ ES v H k ; om;ü tb,f o d k Y j zpf o nf u d k uREf k y f t m;jyoyg/ xd k t &mud k zGifhvSpfay;awmfrlyg/ xdktaMumif;aMumifh oifonfc&pfawmf\ emrawmf jrwfü xd k t &mud k uk o csrf ; omay;Ed k i f o l j zpf o nf / wd w f q d w f j cif ; ud k & ,l x m;yg/ oltb,fodkYzGifhvSpfay;jcif;twGuf em;anmif;awmfrlyg/ xdkt&mudk a&;csyg/ udk,fawmftm; vufajr§muft½HI;ay;vdkufyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfESifh arwåmawmfudk vufcH&&SdzdkY wpfckwnf;aom

47 xd k t &monf qE´ j yif ; jyjcif ; jzpf o nf / oif o nf ES v H k ; om;opf w pf c k v d k t yf aeygovm;/ aumif;uifbükH &Sad wmfral om crnf;awmfb&k m; ocifonf xdt k &mudk jynfh0pHkvifaomoifhudk ulnDrpzdkY a&S;rqGuBudK wifjyKvkyf xm;jcif;r&SdbJESifh tdraf xmifjyKjcif;twGuf ud, k af wmf tBuH tpnfawmfEiS hf oifu h kd vufqyk v f ufuikd x f m; vdrrhf nfr[kwaf y/ ,ck ud, k af wmf \ tultnD twGuf olYtm; tb,faMumifh awmif;cHjcif;rjyKygoenf;/ oifqkawmif; EdkifonfrSm crnf;awmfbk&m; tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; qkaus;Zl;twGuf aus;Zl;wifyg\/ uREfkyf\ rSm;,Gif;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk odrSwfzdkYtwGuf tb,fodkY jzpfonfrqdk uREykf t f m; jzpfymG ;apjcif;rS vGwaf jrmufap awmfryl g/ xdt Yk jyif xdktaMumif;aMumifh ¤if;\ aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm; ESifh vGJacsmfoGm;jcif;rS vGwfajrmufapawmfrlyg/ udk,fawmf\ wdkYxdjcif;udk txdrcHjcif;ESifh xdkodkYjzpfaom El;nHhodrfarGUaom ESvHk;om;opfwpfckudk uREfkyftm; ay;awmfrlyg/ udk,fawmfonf xdkt&mudk awGUjrif&aom enf;vrf;twdkif; uREfkyf\tdrf axmifjyK jcif;udk MunfhzdkY rsufvHk;opfrsm;udk uREfkyftm; ay;awmfrlyg/ tqdk;qHk;udk arQmfvifhxm;p&mr[kwf? taumif;qHk;udk arQmv f ifx h m;jcif; twGuf ,HMk unfjcif;ESihf uREykf t f m; rpawmfryl g/ uREykf w f Ykd jyKvkyfaom t&mcyfodrf;ü udk,fawmfudk OD;pGmyxr csxm;zdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; rpawmfrlyg/ aus;Zl;wifygonfcrnf;awmfbk&m;/ a,½Ic&pfawmf\ emrawmfjrwfü qkawmif; yg\bk&m;/ tmrif/

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tcspf 0 w¬ K ½k y f & S i f u m;rsm;ES i f h pmtk y f r sm;onf cspf j cif ; arwå m ordkif;wpfcktay:üom qHkcsufxm;jcif;jzpfonf[lí oifonf xm0&tpOfxdkodkY½IrSwfxm;oljzpfygovm;/ oifhtBudKufqHk;*E¨0if ajrmuftcspf 0w¬KtaMumif; udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ (uREfkyfwdkYonf þt&mudk 0efcHMuonf/ tjcm; olrsm;xuf oifwdkYteuf wpfcsKdUvltwGuf vG,ful aumif;vG,fulayrnf/) ordik ;f aMumif;u tb,fojYkd zpfygoenf;/ tysKv d yl sKcd spBf uKd uaf om uyGüJ pdwv f yI &f mS ; jcif;qdkif&m wif;rmrItm;jzifh 4if;udk trSwfvu©PmjyKjcif;jzpfygovm;/olwdkY\ vufpowfjcif;taMumif; ESifhqdkifaom yxrOD;qHk;erf;jcif;udk arGUavsmfjcif;rS tazmfcsif; txl;cspfcif onfhiSufrsm;udk apmifhpnf; aomvdrf,Sufjcif;ESifhwuG oifhtm; trQifcsif;uGJatmif xGif;xm;aom ½kyf&Sifum;uJhodkY oif\xdkifcHk EIwfcrf; apmif;twGuf aemufa,mufcHaeoljzpfygvm;/ pdwfcs&ygonf/ acwå,m,D [efYwm;jcif; rsm;&Sdygonf/ arQmfvifhrxm;aom'Pf&m'Pfcsuf odkYr[kwf jyif;xef aom tjiif;tcHkpum; ajymjcif;? zufNydKifolwpfOD;paom t[efYtwm;rsm;&Sdonf/ od&Yk mwGif xdt k &monf tb,fot Ykd qH;k pGet f qH;k ed*;kH jzpfvrd rhf nfukd uREykf w f t Ykd m;vH;k odxm;Muonf/olwdkYtm; wpfoD;wpfjcm;apmifhpnf;zdkYcsdef; ajcmufaom jyóemrsm; udk &efNidK;xm;onf/ rsufvHk;rsm; Mu,fpHkaygufaom ESpfoufolrsm;onf atmifjrif a&;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfck &SmawGUxm;onf/ ordkif;aMumif;u ]]aemufydkif;ü olwdkYonf 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&TifpGm touf&Sifjcif;}} ESifh tqHk;owfoGm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tpOfxm0& 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&TifpGmtouf&Sifaexdkif aeMu&onf u d k uREf k y f w d k Y o d M uygonf / od k Y & mwG i f tb,f o d k Y e nf ; / tH h M o

56 zG,t f ptOD;wpfco k nf vG,u f al om tpdwt f ydik ;f jzpfonf/ cufxefrm aMumaom tvkyfonf ordkif;aMumif;\ tqHk;ed*Hk;ESifhtv,ftvwf twwfynmtm;jzifh a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\oufaouxdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rIonf tcspf Zmwfvrf;tb,fodkYpwifjcif;ESifhwuG wpfzufapmif; ewfqdk;wpfOD;&Sdonf/ vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfckonf olwdkY\ vufxyfyGJtpDtpOfjzifh ra&wGufEdkifaomtcsdef em&Drsm;udk toH;k jyKEikd yf gonf/ od&Yk mwGif ESpaf ygif;rsm; pGmtwGut f vGeef nf;yg;aom tcsdefZ,m;qGJ&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ xdkt&monf qif,ifusif;yjcif; tcrf;tem;u vdkufygvmvdrfhrnf/ owdkYorD; wpfa,mufonf vdkufzufaom t0wftpm;rsm;udk &SmazG&mü tcsdefem&D ajrmufrsm;pGmtoHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ vufrxyfrSD tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;cGeftm;ay;jcif;twGufom cGJjcrf;owfrSwfaepOf tawmtwGif; tcsdefrsm;pGmtoHk; jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;ü vifr,m;pHkwGJonf ½dk;om;aom usKd;aMumif; azmfjycsufysufjy,foGm;aomtcg BuD;rm;us,fjyefYpGm BudKwifjyifqifxm;Edkif jcif;r&Sdawmhay/ xdkYtjyif olwdkYonf tvGefppfrSefaom jyóemrsm;ESifh tvGefppfrSefaom aygif;oif;qufqHa&; a&aMumif;avaMumif; c&D;wpfck jzpfonfudk olwdkYudk,fwdkif awGUjrifvm&onf/ vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;aeY&ufrsm;onf qif,ifusif;yjcif;? wifhw,f avsmufywfjcif;ESifh jynfh0pHkvifaom arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,fouf a&muf y gonf / rnf o d k Y y if q d k a pumrl aygif ; oif ; quf q H a &;twG u f umv &SnfMumaom arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfckonf olwdkY\ pwifaom qif,ifusif;yjcif;üjyKvkyfxm;onfhtwdkif; olwdkY\aysmf&Tifaom tqHk;owfjcif; tpDtpOftm;jzifh tvm;wl pdwfx<uxufoefjcif;udk &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHaomtcg avQmufywfwifhw,fjcif;udk taumif;qHk;0efcH xm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif; tpOfxm0& aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY xdrdvJp&m wpfpHkwpf&m r[kwfay/ ¤if;\vdk&mc&D;yef;wdkifwpfck jzpfonf/ trSDvdkufzdkY pdwfjyXmef;olrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif wnfaqmufzdkY owdBuD;pGmxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ wpfywfvnfatmif&SmMunfhvdkufyg/ wifhw,favQmufywfjcif; twGuf rESpfvdkjiif;qdkjcif;wpfckudk csxm;yg/ jzLpifajzmifhrwfjcif;r&Sdaom vlom;tm;jzifh txl;uRrf;usifpGmaom twwfynmwpfckjzpfonf/ oifxdkifaeaom ukvm;xdkif yifjzpfap Edkifygonf/ odkYr[kwf um;wpfpD;4if;\ tdrfwpfvHk;jzpfapEdkifygonf/

57 tb,f o d k Y j zpf o nf r qd k ¤if ; \vuf r I y nm twwf t wG u f aumif ; rG e f p G m awG;ac:azmfxw k af om tvkyjf zpfonf/ oifonf tb,fo0Ykd efcjH cif;r&SEd ikd &f onfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ þrESpf vdak om jiif;qdck suo f nf trSepf ifppf ESpBf urd w f nfaqmuf xm;NyDjzpfonf/ xdkt&mudk pdwfESvHk;xJü wuf<upGm yHkazmfaomtcgü wpfBudrfESifh aemuf wpfBudrfonf yHkpHudkwnfaqmufaomtcsdefüjzpfonf/ odjrifjcif;ESifh qdik af omyHpk o H nf aqmufvyk af &; ½ky0f w¬Kypön;f rsm;tm; tpOftNraJ &SUu oGm;onf/ yxrOD;qH;k vlpv k al 0;Bu;D onf Bu&H , G x f m;aom tusK;d tjrwf twGuf &Sif;vif;pGm jrifawGU&aom ½lyg½Hkwpfckawmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ 'kwd, toHk;jyK xm;aom ypönf; wefqmyvmrsm;ESifh tvkyform;onf xdkt&mudk tx ajrmufatmif NyD;pD;aezdkY jzpfonf/ t&m&mwdkif;udk uREfkyfwdkYwnfaqmufjcif; onf ½IyfaxG;EdkiforQ ½IyfaxG;aom rdk;wdrf½Icif; yHkwpfck odkYr[kwf ½dk;pif;EdkiforQ ½dk;pif;aom aygifrkefYuJhodkY aomwnfaqmufjcif;onf xdt k &mudk taumiftxnfazmfjcif;rwdik rf DS OD;pm;yxr pdwful;,Ofjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf rnfonfhtaqmuftODyHkpHrQr&SdbJESifh tdrfwpfvHk;wnf aqmufzdkY tdrfrufjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ 4if;onf wpfeyfpmwpfckjzpfygvdrfh rnfAsm/ wifhw,f vSyaom tdrfwdkif;onf aumif;rGefpGmawG;ac:azmfxkwf xm;aomyHkpH wpfckESifh pwifjcif;jzpfonf/ tBuHtpnfwpfckudkom tMurf; zsif;a&;qGJNyD; aemufydkif; trS e f t uef j zpf a om ypö n f ; wef q myvmrsm;ES i f h twl t vk y f u d k B ud K ;pm; aqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifh tdrfudkwnfaqmufapEdkifonf/ taqmuf t OD y H k p H r sm;onf taqmuf t OD ; uk e f u sp&d w f u d k qH k ; jzwf ay;&müvnf; r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaomt&mjzpfonf/ OD;pGmyxr oifonf ukefus p&dwftajrmuftrsm;jzpfvdrfhrnfudk rodbJESifhoifonf ZdrfcHaom tdrfwpftdrfudk wnfaqmufEdkifygvdrfhrnfvm;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf toufwmrsm;udk tb,fodkY wnfaqmuf&rnfudkoGefoifaomtcg ocifa,½Ionf þar;cGef;ESifhpHkprf; ar;jref;jcif;cH&ygonf/ oifwdkYwGif wpfa,mufaomolonf wdkufudkwnfrnf[k tBuH&Sd vQif xdkwdkufNyD;atmif aiGavmufrnfravmufrnfudk odjcif;iSg a&S;OD;pGm wdkifyifí ukefusp&dwfudk rcsifhwGufbJaernfavm/ odkYr[kwf wdkufjrpfudk wnfí rNyD;EdkifvQif odjrifaomoltaygif;wdkYu þolonf wnfpjyKí tprowfEdkif[k uJh&JUMuvdrfhrnf/ (vk? 14;28-30)

58 taqmuf t OD ; wpf c k w nf a qmuf a &;twG u f wpf u ,f h t rS e f w &m; jzpfjcif;onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twwfynmwpfcktwGuf trSefw&m;jzpf onf/ xdkYaMumifh tb,fodkYaom tdrfaxmifjyKa&;yHkpHudk oifwnfaqmuf aeygoenf;/ oifhudkawmif;qdkrnfh tb,fodkYjzpfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; taqmuftOD;ESifh twltcdsefumvwpfcka&muf&Sdvmjcif;ESifh ukefusp&dwfudk oifa&wGufxm; ygovm;/ bk&m;ocifonf t&SufuGJjcif; odkYr[kwf emusifjcif;ü tqHk;owfaom tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk vdck siaf om bk&m;r[kwaf y/ jynf0h pHv k ifjcif;odYk ra&mufrDS olonf xGucf gG oGm;zdYk uREykf w f t Ykd m; vdv k m;aombk&m;r[kwaf y/ oif\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm ½ke;f uefae&jcif; odrYk [kwf &,ljcif;ESihf pwnfjcif;wpfcck o k mjzpfonf/ 4if;onf bk&m;ocif\ tBuHtpnfawmfudk ayGUydkufxm;zdkY b,faomtcgrQ tvGeaf emufusjcif; r&Sad y/ olü wnfaeaom uREykf w f o Ykd nf ud, k af wmf\ Bu;D jrwfjcif;udk xif[yfaom wnfaqmufaom tdraf xmifjyKjcif;twGuf vdt k yfaom wefc;kd awmf? wefqmyvmESihf ½lyg½Hu k kd &SmazGawGU&Sx d m;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ tHMh ozG,t f rSew f &m;u xdo k jYkdzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oiftqH;k owfapaom aysm&f iT jf cif;udk vdv k m;awmif; wonf/ oifjyKvkyfjcif;xufyifomvGefaom udk,fawmf\ txl;uRrf;usifaom vufprG ;f vufpudk jynf0h pHv k ifpmG tqH;k wdik af tmif wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ þtcef;Bu;D onf or®mw&m;yg0if&jcif;rSm xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ xdt k &monf tpDtpOfa&;qGzJ Ykd oifu h akd e&may;ygvdrrhf nf/ xdt k aMumif;aMumifh toufwmonf oif\ aumif;rGefaomordkif;aMumif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tb,fodkYjzpfaom toufwmrkew f ikd ;f rsm; wpfcck t k ay: cdik rf maomtkwjf rpfwpfcu k kd wnfaxmifxm; aom uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ü apmpD;pGmuwnf;u tb,foYkd aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif; udk a0rQ&vdrrhf nf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf tpDtpOfwpfcu k kd a&;om;azmfjyzdYk tvky0f wå&m; ESihf wyfqifay;&vdrrhf nf/ xdt k &monf aemufyikd ;f ü tpOfxm0& aysm&f iT zf o Ykd ifh udk vrf;jyydkY aqmifvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf usifhpOfrsm;ESifh pwif&vdrfh rnf/ wpf u ,f v uf a wG U usaomt&mES i f h tqH k ; owf v d r f h r nf / þtcef ; BuD ; onf ,ckvufrxyf&ao;olrsm; odkYr[kwf opfvGifpGmaom vufxyfjcif;twGufom r[kwaf y/ tdraf xmifjyKjcif; tawGUtBuKH &ifu h suo f rl sm;jzpfonf/ xdek nf;wlpmG oifonf aygif;oif;qufqHa&;wGif opfvGifaom tjrifwpfck ,lxm;jcif;rS tusKd;tjrwf jzpfEikd o f nf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf aqmif&u G cf MhJ u olrsm;jzpfonfAsm/

59

bk&m;ocifonf ESv;kH om;xJü tqH;k owfjcif;ESihf pwifjcif; ]]uREykf w f o Ykd nf tb,fae&modYk OD;wnfaeygoenf;/ xdt Yk jyif uREykf w f o Ykd nf tb,fhaMumifh þt&mudk jyKvkyfaeMuygoenf;[laom ar;cGef;udkar;jref;jcif; r&Sb d EJ iS hf y#dnmOfjyKaomaygif;oif;qufqaH &;wpfck xJoYkd 0ifa&mufomG ;zdYk 4if;onf rdkufrJjcif;jzpfonf/ y#dnmOfjyKjcif;wdkif; onf udkufnDaom ½lyg½Hkwpfck&Sd&vdrfhrnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk ,lwif 0wfaqmifyg/ bk&m;ocifonf tmNAH[HESifh y#dnmOfjyKjcif;wpfck jyKvkyfzdkY a&G;cs,faomtcg olonf ESvHk;om;xJü txl;&S,f &nf&G,fcsuf wpfck&Sd onf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmNAH[Htm;a&G;aumufjcif;cH&aom vlrsKd;awmf\ tzjzpfapzdYk a&G;cs,v f u kd jf cif;taMumif;udk oiftb,faMumifph Of;pm; aeygoenf;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rnfonfhtcsdefrqdk þar;cGef;udkar;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ vltrsm;pk tajzrSm ]]olü jrifhjrwfaom ,HkMunfjcif;&Sdjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf}}/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ tBuHtpnfawmfESifh rdwfzuf apzdkY r&SdrjzpfvdktyfaepOftwGif; 4if;onf bk&m;ocif tb,fhaMumifh tmNAH[Hudk a&G;vdkufygoenf; r[kwfyg/ tmNAH [ H o nf xd k t &mud k o d x m; jcif;taMumif;aMumifh olonf ocifbk&m; aemufawmfov Ykd u kd zf Ykd ol\aqGpOf rsKd;qufrsm;udk oGefoifxm;onfrSm ]]taMumif ;rl um; ol onf rd rd aemuf ü jzpfa om om;rsm;tdr fo lt dr f om;wdkYtm; ynwfrnfht&mudk igod\/ olwdkYonfvnf; xm0& bk&m;\ w&m;vrf;odkYvdkufí [kwfrSefajzmifhrSwfpGmusifhMuvdrfhrnf/ odkYjzpfí *wd awmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; xm0&bk&m;onf tmNAH[Hü jyK&aomtcGifh&Sdvdrfhrnf [k tBuaH wmf&\ dS }} (u? 18;19 xnfo h iG ;f xm;aom tm½Hjk yKcsujf zpfonf/) bk&m;ocifonf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaeaom þom;orD;rsm;udk a&G;vdkuf aomtcg olonf udk,fawmf\ aqGpOfrsKd;qufudkMunfhNyD; tmNAH \aemufuG,fü &SmazGcJholjzpfonf/ 4if;onf ocifbk&m;\ vrf;c&D;awmf twdkif;vdkufemzdkY om;orD;rsm;tm; tmNAH[HtrdefYay;onfudk bk&m;ocif twGuf txl;wvnf ta&;BuHKjcif;jzpfonf;/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocifonf tmNAH[H\rdom;pk aqGpOfrsKd;quftm;jzifh udk,fawmfjzpf a&G; Ekwfu,fwifjcif; ordkif;aMumif;udk vdIif;½dkufcwfzdkY vdkvm;csufaMumifhjzpf onf/ tmNA[ H EH Sihf pm&monf rSm;,Gi;f jcif;

60 jyKvyk rf nfukd odaombk&m;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif olonf ukefMurf; ypönf;rsm;twGuf tcGifhta&;&Sdolrsm;jzpf onfudkvnf; odxm;oljzpfonf/ rnfonfh tcsdefürqdk bk&m;ocifonf uREykf f wdEYk iS hf y#dnmOfjyKjcif;udw k nfaxmifonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh olonf tpOf tNrJawG;xifaeoljzpfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkonf olonf reufjzefaeYodkY tqifoifhtvnftywfoGm;oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkae&modkY ,aeYtb,fodkY jzpfysufjcif;taMumif;udk odaombk&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmNAH[HESifh jyKvkyfxm;aom y#dnmOfudk uREfkyfwdkY\ touf w mrsm;od k Y v nf ; qd k u f a &muf o G m ;onf h w d k i f a tmif csJ U xG i f x m;onf / ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tmNAH[Honf ra&rwGufEdkifaom aumif;uifMu,frsm; uJhodkY aqGpOfrsKd;qufrsm;ESifhtwl wpfckwnf;aomtxJodkY 0ifa&mufí om;orD;rsm; rygr&SdbJESifh vlwpfOD;xHrS wpftkyfwpfrBuD; ajymif;vJoGm;Muonf/ Edik if rH &Sb d J wpfcsed u f vSnv hf nfomG ;vmolwpfO;D onf vlrsK;d wum twGufESifh ,HkMunfjcif;\ zcifwpfOD;jzpfvmcJhonf/ tmNAH[Honf BuD;jrwfí wefcdk;ESifhjynfhpHkaomvlrsKd;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ vlrsKd; taygif;wdo Yk nf olt Y m;jzifh aumif;cs;D r*Fvmudk cH&Muvdrrhf nf/ (u? 18;18) uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;onf tmNAH[H toufwmxuftjrif tm;jzifh uGJjym;jcm;em;ygvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif usifhpOfu wlnDaeonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm;jzifh ysHUESHY0ifa&mufoGm;zdkY &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd ol\y#dnmOfudk cGifhjyKaom vlrsm;twGuf &SmazGaeaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ oif\ordkif; aMumif;onf oifESifh oif\r,m;xufomvGefp&mtaMumif;&Sdonf/ wpfcw k nf;aom aumif;uifEikd if aH wmfonf ud, k af wmfEiS hf oif\ rdwo f [m ,zGUJ jcif;tm;jzifh azmfjyaom bk&m;ocif y#dnmOfonf jynf0h pHv k ifpmG tusK;d oufa&mufjcif;udk zGiv hf pS jf yovdrrhf nf/ oiftm;jzifh (oif\ tarGtESpf jzpfonf) vufqifu h rf;aom toufwmwdkif;odkY qdkufa&mufoGm;zdkU vdkvm;awmif;waom bk&m;jzpfonf/ xdt k oufwmwdik ;f onf oif\MoZmvTr;f rd;k jcif; twGuf oiftyk pf ;k d &aom e,fajrtwGi;f usa&muf jcif; jzpfonf/ þt&monf oifEiS t hf wl tqH;k r[kwaf om ½lyg½Hw k pfcu k kd ayGyY u kd x f m;zdjYk zpfonf/ oif\ uefo Y wfcsu&f adS om em;vnfoabmayguf jcif;udk t"dygÜ ,fowfrw S f ay;jcif;r[kwf ay/ oif\ ordik ;f aMumif;taMumif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\ Bu&H , G cf sujfzpfonf/ vmrnfrh sK;d qufopfrsm;onf tpOf tNrt J ygt0if jzpf&ayvdrrh f nf/

61

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bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;

wpfO;D wnf;udo k m zefqif;awmfrNl y;D r[kwaf vm/ odaYk omfvnf; ud, k af wmfü t<uif;tusef&Sd\/ tb,faMumifh wpfOD;wnf;udkom zefqif;awmfrl oenf ; [l r l u m; bk & m;ocif E S i f h x d k u f w ef a om trsKd ; ud k & S m í xd k o d k Y zefqif;awmfr\ l / odjYk zpfí ud, k pf w d o f abmudk csKyw f nf;Muavmh/ touf ysKdpOftcg vufxyfaom r,m;udk opömzsuf&efrjypfrSm;MuESifh/ (rmvcd?

2;15 xnfhoGif;xm;om tm½HkjyKcsufjzpfonf/) bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ odkYjzpfí bk&m;ocifonf tdrf axmifjyKjcif;rS tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;taMumif;aMumifh tb,fodkY apmifhMunfhaeaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf urÇmajrBuD;tay: vlaetdrf ajccszdkYomí rsm;aomuav;oli,frsm;twGuf &SmazGaeaom bk&m;jzpf onf[í l þt&monf xdkodkYt"dyÜg,foufa&mufaeygovm;/ [kwfygonf/ xdkYtjyif r[kwfyg/ rmvcd? 2;15 ü xdkt&mudk xdkodkYajymjcif;r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf om;orD;rsm;udk arG;zGm;zdkY tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk vdkvm;aombk&m;jzpf onfr[kwfyg/ usrf;csufu bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm; arG;zGm;vmzdkYjzpfonf[k ajymygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfonfhtouft&G,ftwGufrqdk om;orD;rsm;udk vdkvm; awmif;waombk&m;jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtouf t&G,frqdk olYtm;bkef;awmf xif&Sm;rnfholjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vrf;c&D; awmftwdkif; avQmufvSrf;yg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fawmf\ oHwrefrsm;jzpfonfudk owd&yg/ udk,fawmf\ yef;wdkifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkY twGuf olYudk,folzGifhvSpfjyozdkYjzpfonf/ vl\tBuD;tuJ tqHk;owfjcif;onf bk&m;ociftm; tpOfxm0& &T i f v ef ; 0rf ; ajrmuf a pjcif ; ES i f h ol \ bk e f ; awmf x if & S m ;zd k Y j zpf o nf [ l í 0uf r D pwmavQmw f mw&m;awmf\ tar;tajzpmtkyu f ajymygonf/ uREykf w f Ykd xdpk um;udk cspo f nfAsm/ bke;f awmfxif&mS ;jcif;onf trsm;ESiq hf ikd af om pum;wpfceG ;f r[kwaf y/ aeYpOfrdefYcGef;rsm;ü toHk;jyKxm;onf/ or®musrf; pmxJü xyfcgwvJvJ toHk;jyK xm;jcif;aMumifh 4if;onf vlrsm;rodrrSwf jcif;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&m wpfpHkwpf&muJhodkY Munfjh rifMuonf/ bke;f awmfxif &Sm;jcif;\ ½d;k pif;aomt"dygÜ ,f rSm xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/

62 bk&m;ocifox d m;aom t&mudk uREykf w f jYkd yKvyk jf cif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vdv k m; awmifhwjcif;rSm tarGtESpfrsm;tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rsm;ESifh uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmrsm; tm;jzifh odxm;jcif;udkjyKvkyfaqmif&Gufap&efjzpfonf/ xdkae&mü bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;txJodkY0ifí uREfkyfwdkYtm; &SifoefBuD;yGm; vmjcif;twGuf tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;ESifhwlaom "mwfulypönf;r&Sday/ tu,fí oifonf b,faomtcgrQ uav;wpfa,mufrxGef;um;ol jzpfaeonfqdkygu bk&m;ocifonf oifhudkol\om;orD;wpfOD;uJhodkY jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ud k v d k v m;aom bk & m;jzpf o nf / ol \ bk e f ; awmf ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D uJo h Ykd oifu h pkd ifMu,fvakd omoljzpfonf/ crnf;awmfEiS hf o@mef wlapzdkY yHkoGif;vdkoljzpfonf/ oif\toufwmudk wpfjcm;yk*¾dKvfESifha0rQyg/ oift h wGuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaomtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk zefw;D ay;oljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif ESifhomíwlvmapzdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyf wdkY&SmazGawGU&Sdxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ r[kwfjcif;xufomvGefygonf/ bk&m;w&m;arGUavsmfaom oD;jcm;vu©Pmonf okccsrf;omjcif; y,fv,fxJü csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;r[kwfyg/ 4if;onf vifcef; r,m;cef; tylr;D twGuo f wåKt&nfusKad omrD;zdBk u;D txJü pDrzH efw;D xm;aomt&m jzpfonf/ uREfkyf(*Ref)onf owåK&nfusKdaom rD;zdkBuD;wpfckESifh tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;udkomí BudKufESpfoufygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;onf tzdk;wef owåKtwGuaf ygif;pyfa&maESmxm;jcif; odrYk [kwf owåKa&mwpfcjk zpfonf/ owåKa&m ESit hf rSew f u,f awmufavmifaeaom rD;zdBk u;D wpfc&k dS onfqo kd nfrmS tb,fenf;/ xdt k &monf 4if;\ rpifMu,fjcif;rsm;udk tuG,t f umr&Sb d J vSyx f m;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREykf \ f vufxyfvufpyG o f nf pifMu,faom a&Tuo hJ MYkd unfh ½IEikd yf gonf/ od&Yk mwGif xdkt&mtwGuf Murf;wrf;aom ig;q,f&mcdkifEIef;onf tjcm;jrif&aom taMumif; &if;ESihf a&m pyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tu,fí uREykf \ f vufpyG u f rkd ;D zdBk u;D wpfct k xJoYkd csxm;vdkufonfqdkygu þrpifMu,faom t&mrsm;onf tuG,ftumr&SdbJ vSyfxm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkenf;wlpGm pdefac:csufrsm;onf tdrfaxmif jyK&mü awGUBuHK &ifqdkif&aom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ or½dk;usoabmrwljcif;rS toJpGJpGmcJ,Of;aom tcsdefumvrsm;txd jzpfwwfonf/ toufwmrsm;ü rpifMu,fjcif;rsm;udk zGifhvSpfjyoygvdrfhrnf/ (wpfcsKdUrpifMu,fjcif;rsm; onf zGifhvSpfjyojcif;jzpfapzdkY tjcm;olrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;xufomvGefaom tyl&Sdefudkawmif;qdkygonf/)

63 tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ rpifMu,fjcif;rsm;udk oem;Muif emjcif;uif;rJph mG zGiv hf pS jf cif;jzpfaomtcg 4if;onf uREykf w f \ Ykd r,m;rsm;udk jypfwifzYkd vG,u f yl gonf/ tvH;k pHjk zpfNy;D aemuf þt&mrsm;teuf wpfcrk Q r[kwaf omt&monf uREfkyfwdkYtdrfaxmifrjyKrSD jzpfysufjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ]]tm;enf;csufrsm;}} twG u f y d k N yD ; a'goxG u f a pjcif ; taMumif ; aMumif h uREf k y f w d k Y \ r,m;rsm;ES i f h wjznf;jznf; tusK;d ysujf ym;aponfukd rdru d , kd w f ikd f awGUjrif&aom tcg bk&m;ocif udk aus;Zl;wif&onfrSm xdkodkY jzpfygonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf ocifa,½IESifh omíwlvmatmif uREykf f wdt Yk m; zefw;D jcif;jzpfonf/ xdt k &monf tqH;k pGeyf ef;wdik f r[kwfygovm;/

cJ,Of;aomumvü &nf&G,fcsufudk&SmazGjcif; uREfkyfwdkY\ rD;zdkBuD;onff pdwf<u&Gapjcif;r[kwf? wpfcsKdUwpf0uf wlonfudk odxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufjcif; tqHk;odkYoGm;aom c&D;pOfonf usKd;aMumif;azmfjyaom om,mvSyaom ewfbHkewfeef;ü pdwfESvHk; csrf;ajrhzG,f&ma'orS tvGefuGma0;aeonf/ tcsdefumvrsm;ü oif\ordkif;onf enf;yg;vmaom cHpm;csufjzpfEdkifygonf/ 0ifoGm;aom aevHk;BuD; pD;aejcif;ESifhwlyg onf/ {0&ufawmifudk wufaejcif;ESifhomí wlygonf/ qD;ESi;f zH;k vTr;f aom [dr0EÅmawmifapmif;udk wuf&o J rl sm;onf ravQmw h rf; jyKvyk w f wfzjYkd zpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif {0&ufawmifay:txd pdeaf c: aeaomc&D;pOfonf ESvHk;om;xJü t&mrsm;ESpfckESifhtwl xdkenf;twdkif; jyKvkyf&ayrnf/ OD;pGmyxr olwdkYonf xdkt&mudk odxm;&ayrnf/ wm0ef cHjcif;onf olwdkYudk,fum,qdkif&m tpGrf;tprsm;ESifh pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; twGuf uefYowfcsufudkprf;oyfMunfhvdrfhrnf/ þ&J&ifhaomrdef;rrsm;ESifh a,mufsm;rsm;onf a&muf&Sdvmrnfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; twGuf xl;jcm;onfh taMumif;tcsufrsm; tm;vHk;udkodxm;Muolrsm;r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif olwdkYonf a&muf&Sdvmrnfh pdefac:csufrsm;udk odxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,taejzifh olwdkY\ yef;wdkifudk owdw&xm;&ayrnf/ urÇmay:&Sd tjrifhqHk; awmifay:odkY wufa&mufoGm;zdkY jzpfonf/ xdkolwdkYtwGuf atmif jrifjcif;onf yifv,frsufESmjyiftxuf ayaygif; (29029) odkY qdkufa&muf oGm;jcif;jzpfonfh twkdif; &Sif;vif;pGmydkif;jcm; owfrSwfxm; jcif;jzpfonf/ þ&nf&G,fcsufudk

64 odjrifjcif;r&Sb d EJ iS hf þtm*EÅK{nfo h nfrsm;onf olw\ Ykd xl;jcm;aomtwm;tqD;ESihf &ifqikd af wGUBuKH &aomtcg csucf si;f aemufoYkd vQijf refpmG jyefvn S o hf mG ;&ayvdrrhf nf/ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f tvm;wl vuf a wG U toH k ; csjcif ; jzpf o nf / tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkpdefac:csufrsm;udk 0efcH&jcif;onf wnfaxmifaeaom uREfkyfwdkY\ ordkif;aMumif;twGuf yifudk,f&Sd&if;pGJwpfckjzpfonfqdkygu xdkumvü uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI? um,cGeftm;ESifh 0dnmOf a&;&mtpGrf;tprsm;udk prf;oyfjcif;cH&aomtcgü uREykf w f o Ykd nf ysujf y,f ap&vdrrhf nfr[kwaf y/ tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYonf ESvHk;om;xJü wnfaqmufj cif ; ES i f h pwif j cif ; jzpf o nf q d k y gu t"duusaomjyóemrsm;ESifhawGUBuHK& aomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf xkwfypf&vdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ 0dnmOfa&;&m&ifhusufjcif; taMumif;udk oGefoifay;csdefü ocif a,½Iu xdkYajymygonf/ BuD;pGmaomqif;&J'ku©ESifh ESdyfpufn§if;yef;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfudk,HkMunfjcif;&Sdaom olrsm;qDodkY a&muf&Sdvm vdrfhrnf/ (rm? 4;17 udkzwfygav) rlv*&dbmompum;ü þa0g[m&pum;rsm;onf ]]ovdypdESifh 'dkif,dkarmhpfjzpfonf/ ovdpf\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]BuD;pGmaomqif;&J'ku©a&mufjcif;? a&m*ga0'empGJuyfjcif;? ESdyfpufuvljyKjcif;? y&da'0rD;avmifjcif; ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufaom qif;&J'ku©rsKd;pHk}}jzpfonf/ 'dkif,marmhcf\ t"dyÜg,frSm ESdyfpuf uvljyKjcif;ESifhylyifaomupdwfawG a0atmifvkyfjcif;twGuf yHkazmfaomjzpfpOf odrYk [kwf yHak zmfaom tpDtpOf wpfcjk zpfonf/ t"dygÜ ,ftmabmfrsm;onf uspD m;jcif;? ajymif a csmf a csmf v k y f jcif ; wpf c k c k j zpf o nf / od k Y & mwG i f þtif t m;pk r sm;onf bk&m;ocifüwnfaom uREfkyfwdkY\ &SifoefBuD;yGm;jcif;udk wdk;wufjzpfxGef;atmif jyKvkyf ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku ocifa,½I\ pum;udkyJhwifxyfatmifajym onfrSm 'kuq © if;&Jjcif;udck í H 0g<um;0rf;ajrmufjcif;&S\ d / taMumif;rlum; 'kuq © if; &Jjcif;onf onf;cHjcif;udk jyKpkwwf\/ onf;cHjcif;onf vnf;oufao xif & S m ;jcif ; ud k jyKpk w wf \ / ouf a oxif & S m ;jcif ; onf v nf ; arQmf vifhjcif;udkjyKpkwwf\/ xdkYaMumifh arQmfvifhjcif;onf &SufaMumufp&m taMumif;ESihf uif;vGw\ f / tb,fah Mumifeh nf; [lru l m; igwdt Yk m;ay;awmf rlaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfudk igwdkY pdwfESvHk;txJodkY oGef;avmif; awmfrl\/ (a&m? 5;3-5)

65 &Sifaygvka&;om;xm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf prf;oyfjcif; ESifh jyóemrsm;&ifqdkif&aomtcg 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tifjcif;&Sd&vdrfhrnf[kajymyg onf/ tb,faMumifhenf;/ prf;oyfjcif;onf tusifhpm&dwå wnfMunfMuHUcdkifjcif; cGet f m;udk zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufapzdYk uREykf w f t Ykd cGit hf a&;wpf ckukd zefw;D ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ jyóemrsm;onf bk&m;ocifESifhomí wlvm apa&;twGuf uREfkyfwdkYtm; ae&m? &mxl;csxm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ ÚmPfawmf tm;jzifh arQmfvifhjcif;udk&,lEdkifonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY tm; cspfonf/ bk&m; ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY\ taumif;qHk; pdwf0ifpm;jcif;twGuf tpOftNrJarQmf Munfhaombk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYaomtvGef BuD;jrwfaom olonf BuD;rm;aom ½kef;uefrIrsm;txJüyifvQif arwåmawmfESifh uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;xJü 0dnmOfawmfudkxnfhoGif;ay;zdkY 0dnmOfawmfudk uREfkyfwdkYtm; ay;tyfxm;onf/ or®musrf;pmu 4if;udk&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ bk & m;ocif o nf uREf k y f w d k Y \ jyóemrsm;ud k zef w D ; ol w pf O D ; wnf ; r[k w f / pmwefonf BuD;pGmaom 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;ESifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif; aemufuG,fü wpfOD;wnf;&Sdaeonf/ (rm? 4;15 ESifh ,mukyf? 1;12-13udk zwfygav) odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifonf olYudkqefYusifaom &efol\uRrf; usifrIudk toHk;jyKygvdrfhrnf/ jrifhjrwfaom a&G;EIwfu,fwif&Sif\vufxJü &Sdaom uREfkyfwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifESifh uGma0;oGm;atmif qGJypfzdkYwu,fh t"dyÜg,frSmxdkodkYjzpfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olESifhomíwlvmatmif uREfkyfwdkYtm;jyKvkyfay;zdkY wefqmyvmwpfckjzpfvmaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ &efolonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk rkef;wD;onf/ xdkYtjyif udk,fpm;jyK aomt&m&mwdkif; rkef;wD;onfudk owdw&xm;yg/ olonf tjriftm;jzifhom rcHEdkifaom prf;oyfjcif;ESifh xdkolwdkYtm;0efav;apjcif;? uREfkyfwdkY\ aoG;pnf; nDñGwfjcif;udkaoG;cGJzdkY tb,fodkYwwfEdkifaom enf;vrf;ESifhrqdk jyKvkyfygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ aoG;pnf;nDñGwfjcif;twGuf ½lyg½Hkudk av;vH apoljzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif bk&m;ocifonf cJ,Of;jcif;rsm;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYtm; o,faqmifvdrfhrnf/ ,HMk unfjcif;udk av;vHapoljzpfonf/ cJ,Of; jcif;rsm;onf ol\vufa&mufrrI sm;ESihf qHkawGUzdkYarQmfvifhjcif;ESifhtwl uREfkyf wdkYtm; vkyfydkifcGifhtyfESif;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY\tdrf axmifjyKjcif;udk qefYusifwdkufcdkufzdkY &Sifoefjcif;udk om uREykf w f t Ykd m; ay;tyf zdv Yk v kd m;aom bk&m;r[kwaf y/ olonf xdo k rl sm;tm;jzifh

66 omí cdkifcefYBuD; yGm;vmzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; vdkvm;aombk&m;jzpfonf/ aomhcsufrSm uREykf w f Ykd onf b,ft&mtwGuf (bk&m;ocif\ &nf&, G cf su)f qdik Nf yKd iw f u kd cf u kd jf cif; jzpfonfudkowdw& xm;zdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm; qefYusifwdkufcdkuf (pmwef)aom oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYbufü (bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmf)&Sdaom oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh arQmfvifhjcif;onf trSefpifppf pdefac:csufrsm;tm;jzifh cG e f t m;&&S d a pygonf / ol o nf uREf k y f w d k Y t xJ ü ol \ trI a wmf v k y f i ef ; ud k vufpoyfjcif;rwdkifrDS uREfkyfwdkYonf umv&SnfMum Edkifoa&GU &SnfMumpGmxGufcGg oGm;rnfr[kwfyg/

ocifa,½I\ xm0&&Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufjcif; ocif a ,½I o nf tjcm;rnf o nf h v l o m;xuf r qd k omíav;euf p G m 'ku©a0'emcHpm;ae&oljzpfonf/ jynfh0pHkvifaom bk&m;wnf;[laom olonf emusifjcif;'ku©cHzdkY uREfkyfwdkYESifhtwlwljzpfvm&oljzpfonf/ rw&m; aom aoavmufatmif aojcif;wpfcktwGuf ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifh emusifjcif; uREfkyfESifhtwl 'ku©a0'emcHoljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh jyefvnfoifhjrwfzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf enf ; vrf ; wpf c k j yKvk y f a y;ol j zpf o nf / ,aeY x d w d k i f v l o m; trsm;pk o nf olYudkjiif;y,fjcif;&Sdonf/ ocifa,½Ionf jiif;y,fjcif;ESifh xdkodkYjyif;xefaom emusifjcif;udk cHEdkif&nf&SdzdkY tb,frQavmufwwfEdkifoljzpfygoenf;/ tajzu ½dk;pif;ygonf/ ,ckcsdefxdwdkif eufeJaompdk;&GHUxdwfvefYzG,faumif;onf/ xm0&aysmf &Tifjcif;\ jrifuGif;udkb,faomtcgrQ aysmufuG,foGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ udk,fawmf\ yHkoufaotm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonf pma&;om;zdkYtwGuf uREfkyfwdkY\ ordkif;aMumif; rmwdumtpDtpOfwpfckudk &SmazGawGU&SdawGUjrif Mu&onfrSm,HkMunfjcif;udk tptOD;pD&ifí pHkvifapawmfrlaom ocifa,½Iudk aphaphaxmuf½IMuukeftHh/ xdkocifonf rdrda&SUüxm;aom 0rf;ajrmuf jcif ; taMumif ; aMumif h &S u f a Mumuf a omt&mud k rrS w f b J vuf0g;uyfwdkifücHNyD;rS bk&m;ocif\yv’ifawmfvusfm bufüxdkif aeawmfrl\/ ({zuf? 12 ;2 owif;pum;jzpfonf)

67 ocifa,½Ionf cHEdkif&nf&Sdoljzpfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf olonf tb,ft&yfü acgif;cs&rnfudk odxm;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ olonf uwdawmfudk jrif&jcif;ESihf 'kua© 0'emudck jH cif;tm;jzifh aphaphaxmuf ½Ijcif;enf;vrf;udk toH;k jyKyg onf/ þenf;vrf;udk a[NAJMo0g'pmapmif? 12;1-2 ü awGU&onfrSmxd k Y a Mumif h þrQavmuf r sm;pG m aom ouf a otaygif ; wd k Y o nf igwd k Y udk0dkif;&HvQuf&SdMuonfjzpfí igwdkYonfcyfodrf;aom 0efwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? aESmuf,Sufwwfaom 'kp½dkufudkvnf;aumif; y,f&Sm;í igwdkYrsufarSmuf üxm;aomyef;wdkifodkYa&mufjcif;iSg tm;ravQmhbJ ajy;MuukeftHh/ ,HkMunf jcif;udk tptOD;pD&ifí pHkvifapawmfrlaom ocifa,½Iudk aphaphaxmuf ½IMuukeftHh/ xdkocifonf rdrda&SUü xm;aom0rf;ajrmufjcif;taMumif; aMumifh &SufaMumufaomt&mudk rrSwfbJ vuf0g;uyfwdkifücHNyD;rS bk&m; ocif\ yv’ifawmfvusfm bufü xdkifawmfrl\/ (xnfhoGif;xm;aom tm½HkjyKcsufjzpfonf/) oifonf xdt k &mudk zrf;,lEikd yf govm;/ ]]rdrad &SUüxm;aom0rf; ajrmufjcif; jzpfonf/}} vuf0g;uyfwdkifudk cHEdkif&nf&Sdjcif;taMumif;ESifhpyf vsOf;í ocifa,½I pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeygovm;/ vHk;0OóHkpdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;r&Sdyg/ olonf tvGefylyef aomujcif;odkYa&mufonf/ ajymif;vJjcif;&Sdaom vrf;aMumif;wpfcktwGuf ol\NyD; ajrmufatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;udk acsy jcif;rjyKrSD crnf;awmfESifhtwl wpfnvHk; tcsdefjzKef;onf/ odkY&mwGif ocifa,½Iü wpfpHkwpf&m&SdonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ xdt k &monf ajrmufrsm;pGmaomtdraf xmifjyKjcif;ü vdak ejcif; jzpfonf/ olüxl;vGef aom ½lyg½Hk&Sdonf/ twdwfumvuol\taMumif;csif;&mudk axmuf½IEdkifol jzpfonf/ ol\a&G;cs,fjcif;tm;jzihf a&muf&SdvmrnhfuwdawmfESifh wefcdk;awmftxJ odkY 0ifíaxmuf½IEdkifoljzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tb,fodkYaom t&mtwGuf aphaphaxmuf½Ioljzpfygoenf;/ uREfkwdkYonf tajzudk {zufMo0g' pmapmif tcef;BuD;ig;ü&SmazGawGU&Sd&onfrSm tcsif;a,mufsm;wdkY c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfudk cspfawmfrlouJhodkY oifwv Ykd nf;ud, k chf ifyeG ;f udck spMf uavmh/ xdt k oif;awmfonf oef&Y iS ;f vsuf

68 tjypfuif;vsu&f o dS nfjzpfí tnpftaMu;wifjcif; ta&wGejYfcif;rS ponfwEYkd iS hf vGwv f yfojzift h oa&wifw h ,f vsu&f adS omtoif;awmfukd c&pfawmfonf rdrdtm;qufotHhaomiSg EIwfuywfawmfa&ü aq;aMumjcif;tm;jzifh pifMu,foef&Y iS ;f aprnfh taMumif; xdt k oif;awmf tzdt Yk vdiYk gS ud, k f udu k , kd pf eG Yf awmfrl \/ xdek nf;wla,mufsm;wdo Yk nf rdru d , kd u f ckd spo f uJo h rYkd rd d cifyeG ;f wdu Yk kd cspMf u&rnf/ cifyeG ;f udck spaf om olonf ud, k u f ckd spaf om oljzpf\/ (tyd'k if ,f 25-27 xnfo h iG ;f xm;aom tm½Hjk yKcsuf jzpfonf) uREf k y f w d k Y o nf ocif a ,½I \ 0rf ; ajrmuf j cif ; ud k t qH k ; owf a pol r sm; jzpfonf/ olYa&SUarSmufü wnfaxmifxm;aom 0rf;ajrmufapolrsm;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf vuf0g;uyfwikd t f wGuf cHEikd &f nf&o dS jl zpfonf/ xdt k aMumif;aMumifh olonf uREfkyfwdkYESifh jyefvnfoifhjrwfapEdkifoljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ol\ owdkYorD;rsm;jzpfonf/ toif;awmfonfolr\ twd'ku©a&mufapaom yHkoGif;ol twGuf &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdbJ ,cktcg olYudk ayGUydkufEdkifygonf/ taMumif;rSm olüY wnfaom uREykf w f o Ykd nf topf aomxyfwx l yfrQ jzpfjcif;wpfck jzpfaeMuonf/ þt&monf pGJpGJNrJNrJ&Sdaom oem;Muifemjcif;trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ twdkif;tq r&Sdaom xdkarwåmonf uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;txJü wifqufxm;&ay vdrrhf nf/ odaYk omf 4if;onf ½lyg½Hw k pfcu k kd ,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,foYkd wwfEdkif apjcif;twGuf arQmfvifhjcif;wpfpHkwpfck jzpfonf/ pdefac: csufrsm;tm;jzifh uREf k y f w d k Y t m; quf v uf w nf N rJ a pjcif ; jzpf o nf / þEd I ; aqmf c suf ES i f h t wl a[NAJMo0g'pmapmif pma&;q&muqufvufí a&;om;xm;onfrSmtjypf & S d a omol w d k Y v uf w G i f xd k r Qavmuf B uD ; pG m aom qD ; wm;aES m if h ,Sufjcif;udk cHawmfrlaomocifudk axmuf½Iqifjcifaomtm;jzifhtm; avQmhpdwfysufjcif;ESifh uif;vGwftHhaomiSg BudK;pm;Muavmh/ (a[NAJ? 12;3 owif;pum;jzpfonf/) uREf k y f w d k Y t m;vH k ; onf wpf c sd e f c sd e f ü ,H k M unf j cif ; tm;jzif h pd w f y suf tm;avsmjh cif;cHpm;Mu&onf/ xdt k aMumif;aMumifh a[NApJ ma&;q&mu ]]tjypf&adS om olwv Ykd ufwiG f xdrk Qavmuf Bu;D pGmaomqD;wm;aESmuf,u S jf cif;}} [k ajymygonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh cHpm;Mu&onf/ jrifhjrwfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wpfckonf

69 jrifhjrwfaom ,HkMunfjcif;xuf ,kwfnHhaom awmif;qdkjcif;wpfpHkwpfckrQr&Sday/ taMumif;rSm opöm&SdzdkYtwGuf pHkvifaom ,HkMunfjcif;&SdapzdkYjzpfonf/ oif\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf ½ke;f uef jcif;jzpf vmaomtcg c&pfawmftb,foYkd cHEikd &f nf &Sdonfudk jyefíowdw&xm;yg/ xyfrHí wpfBudrf ol\ordkif;aMumif; odkYjyefvSnfh Munfhyg/ olwdkYjzpf apEdkifonfjzpfaom emusifjcif;jzpfonfhtwdkif;oif\ wpfcP wmrQMuaom cJ,Of;jcif;rsm;onf vuf0g;uyfwdkifESifh ,SOfjyjcif;wpfpHk wpf&mrQr&Sd ay/ oif o nf oif \ r,m;tay:opö m &S d j cif ; onf wpf j znf ; jznf ; qk w f ,kwfvmaomtcg oifhtwGuf ocifa,½I\opöm&Sdjcif; taMumif;udkjyefajymif; ajymyg/ olonf oifESifh jyefvnfoifhjrwfapzdkY ocifa,½I\ cHEdkif&nf&Sdjcif; taMumif; tm;vHk;udk owdw&xm;yg/ udk,fawmf\ OyrmyHkoufaoonf oif\ pdwf0dnmOftxJodkY0ifí ausmufuyfESifhESvHk;om;udkypf cwfygvdrfhrnfAsm/

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taumif;qHk;twGuf ,HkMunfjcif;

a&S;umvüjzpfbl;aom tcsKdUt&mwdkYudk atmufarhMuavmh/ igonf bk&m;ocifjzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;r&Sd/ tOD;rSpí tqHk; wdkifatmif vnf;aumif;? a&S;umvrSpí rjzpfao;aomtrIt&mwdkYudk vnf;aumif;azmfjy vsuf ightBuHwnfvdrfhrnf/ ightvdk&SdorQ igjynfhpHkaprnf/ (a[&Sm,? 46;9-10) ]]igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;r&S}d } [lí a&;zd4Yk if;onf ½d;k vGe;f í pdw0f ifpm; zG,fr[kwfawmhjcif;[k yHkyef;ay:vGifonf/ odkY&mwGif vGefpGmrMumcPjzpfwwf aom uREfkyfwdkYonf þa&;om;azmfjycsufü&Sdaom or®mw&m;ESihf wefc;kd awmfukd arhaysmufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfh twdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf olwdkY\obm0udk ,lwif0wfaqmifjcif;ESifh olESifhwlatmif jzpfvmzdkY zdwaf c:jcif;jzpfonf/ ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh uREykf w f o Ykd nf tem*wfyo kH iG ;f olrsm;jzpf vmEdik yf gonf/ tptOD;ü&Sd aom tqH;k udk xkwjf yefaMunmjcif;tm;jzifh tdraf xmif jyKjcif;rsm;tm; om;orD;rsm;ESihf uREykf w f t Ykd oufwmrsm;udk acwfqefvm olrsm;jzpfvm Edik yf gonf/ ,ckrSpí uREfkyfwdkYonf 4if;udkjyKvkyfaeolrsm;jzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ xm0&aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ xdrdívJp&m wpfpHkwpf&mr[kwfyg/

70 4if;onf &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sd uREfkyfwdkYwnfaqmufaom wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfonf/ aemufxyftxift&Sm; awGUjrif&aom ar;cGef;rSm ]]uREfkyf\ 0rf;ajrmufjcif; tqHk;owfjcif;udk tb,fodkYwnfaqmufaeygoenf;}} jzpfygonf/ oifonf tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGma&wGufí r&avmuf atmif þusrf;ydk'frsm;udk zwfEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf xyfrHíwpfBudrfxdkusrf; ydk'frsm;udk zwfMuygpdkY/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf arQmfvifhaom t&mwdkYudk rsufarSmufjyKjcif;jzpf\ rjrifao;aomt&mwdu Yk kd odrw S pf v JG rf;jcif;taMumif;jzpf\/ ,ckjrif&aom t&mwdkYonf t&ifxif&Sm;aomt&mxJu r[kwfbJ avmu"mwfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ trdefYawmfaMumifhomwnf onfudk igwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifhodMu\/ (a[NAJ? 11;1? 2) uREfkyfwdkY\ yef;wdkifonf xm0& 0rf;ajrmufjcif;wpfckwnfaqmuf zdkYjzpfonfrSmxdkodkYjzpfygonf/ xdkt&monf ,ckxdwdkifay:xGef;vmjcif;r&Sday/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf ,cktcsdefxd tb,fodkY vufawGUtppftrSef w&m;r[kwfjcif; twGuf aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;wefqmyvmrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;ü rnfonfh xdkufwefjcif;rsKd;rqdk jyKvkyf jcif;rwdkifrSD bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtxJü&Sdonf/ olonf oif ü BuD ; rm;aom ,H k M unf j cif ; &S d o nf / tb,f h a Mumif h q d k a omf ol o nf ud, k w f ikd t f xJü jrifjh rwfaom ,HMk unfjcif;&Sjd cif;aMumifjh zpfonf/ olonf xdt k &mudk odjcif;rSm xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ ud, k af wmf\wefc;kd awmfonf oif\ toufwmü&Sad om rnfonft h &mudrk qdk Ny;D ajrmufatmifaqmif&u G Ef ikd o f nf/ wpfcw k nf;aom xdt k &m onf owdkYorD;ü tqHk;pGeftb,fodkYtjrpfwG,faeaom bk&m;ocif\ wdk;csJUxm; aom wefcdk;awmfonf r,HkEdkifzG,f 0rf;ajrmufjcif;rS uREfkyfwdkYtm; apmifhxdrf;vdrfh rnf/ owd k Y o rD ; onf uREf k y f w d k Y \ ud k , f y d k i f t &nf t csif ; tm;jzif h wpf z uf pGe;f a&mufaom ,HMk unfjcif; odrYk [kwf rmefrmeaxmifvmT ;jcif;uJo h Ykd ay:vGix f if&mS ; odjrifvG,fjcif;jzpfonf/ owdkYorD;twGuf y&d,m,fqif xm;aom yHkpHwpfckvnf; &Syd gonf/ xdt k &monf rdru d , kd u f kd oabmrus jcif; uJo h Ykd ½kyzf sux f m;jcif;jzpfonf/ yHkpHwpfckcktxJü4if;onf t&mtm; vHk;udk ayGUydu k x f m;zdYk jiif;y,fjcif;wpfcjk zpfonf

71 rSm xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ om;em;BuD;us,faom wefcdk;awmfonf um;wdkif awmfü c&pfawmf\ trINy;D pD; jcif;tm;jzifh 0,f,x l m;onf/ ocifa,½I onfoifu h kd tHhMozG,f aumif;atmif jyKvkyfzdkYaocHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ pD? tufpfvl;0dpfu ]]uREykf w f Ykd onf vdu k yf g oGm;apEdik o f rl sm; jzpfonf}} ]]uREykf w f Ykd tb,foaYkd c:wGiaf om omrefvlrsm;uJhodkY usef&pfaezdkY jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif olonftvGefuGJjym;jcm; em;aom tBut H pnfawmfwpfcu k kd o,fxw k zf Ykd pdwq f ;kH jzwf xm;oljzpfonf/ xdt k BuH tpnfawmfrS i,foHygatmif jyefvSnfhí atmfjcif;onf ESdrfhcsjcif;r[kwfay/ 4if;onf ol&JabmaMumifjcif;ESifh ysif;&djcif;jzpfonf/ xdkt&mtwGuf qufuyf tyfESHjcif;onf pdwfBuD;0if a&m*godkYr[kwf rdrdudk,fudk txifBuD;vGef;jcif;r[kwf ay/ 4if;onf emcHvdkufavsmufjcif;jzpfonf}} [lía&;om;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf pdwful;,Of jcif;udk csD;ajr§mufxm;olrsm; jzpfMuonfhtwdkif; bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; urf;vSrf;ay;aom tHhzG,ftoufwmudk ayGUydkufxm;Muolrsm;jzpf onf/ oifonf jrifhjrwfaomtdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh xdkufwefoljzpfonf[lí xdkt&mudk oif,HkMunfjcif;&Sdaeygovm;/ atmufazmfjyyg þtawG;tac:rsm; onf oif\ pdwfESvHk;udkuyfqdkufjcif;jzpfapEdkifonfrSm uREfkyfü vGefpGmBuD;rm;aom 0efxkyf0efydk;&Sdonf/ uREfkyfonf aumif;aom rdom;pkrS a&muf&Sdvmjcif;r[kwfyg/ uREfkyf\ rdbrsm;onf xdkt&mudk jyKvkyfjcif;r&Sdyg/ uREfkyfonf vGefpGmrSm;aomrSm;,Gif;jcif;rsm;udk vkyfcJhavNyDjzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf 4if;tm;jzifh xdkt&mudk ½dk;om;pGm jyKvkyfjcif;ESifhtwl vdk&if;csufjzpfapzdkY vdktyfygonf/ oifonf ½IrSwfjcif;r&Sdaom trItaMumif;&if;xJü bk&m;ocifonf pdefac:csufwpfckudk cspfonf/ odkY&mwGif ,HkMunfjcif;r&Sdjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;ü udk,fawmf\ wefcdk;awmfoufa&mufjcif;udk uefYowfcsuf ay;vdrrhf nf/ ud, k af wmf\ Bu;D jrwfaom ½lyg½Hw k pfco k nf ol\wnfaom ,HMk unfjcif; &SdapzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; rIwfoGif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ tvm;wl tcsdefumvtwGif; ESdrfhcspGmuREfkyfwdkYtm; xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufygonf/ ESdrfhcsjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\

72 toufwmtwGuf bk&m;ocif\ taumif;qHk; wHcg;udkyGifhay;jcif; jzpfonf/ a[&Sm, tem*wådusrf;? 57? 8-9 ü xkwfazmf aMunmxm;onfrSm]]jyif;pGmaom trsufxGufí cPrQ ighrsufESmvTJaomfvnf; xm0& arwåm ES i f h o if h u d k u,f r oem;OD ; rnf [ k oif h u d k a &G ; Ek w f a om xm0&bk & m; rdeaYf wmfr\ l / aem{vufxufü vTr;f rd;k aom a&udik gonf rSwí f xdak &onf ajrBuD;udkaemufwzefrvTrf;rdk;&[k usdefqdkjcif; udkjyKonfhenf;wl oifhudk trsufrxGufrqHk;r&[k usdefqdkjcif;udkjyKNyD}}/ oifonf xdkenf;wl vufcHEdkifonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhxufomí xdk;xGif;ÚmPf&Sdjcif; omíydkif;jcm;odjrifjcif;omíxufjrufaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ]]bk&m;ocifüwnfaom oifonf oifu, kd w f ikd f wdik ;f wmwGucf suf Edik jf cif;r&Sad omtxufbükH &So d u l kd tb,fojYkd zpfaom av;pm;rIwikd ;f udk ay;jcif;onf wpfpHkwpf&mudk qefYusifa&muf&Sdvmoljzpf onf[lí}} vl;0dpfua&;om;xm;onf/ tu,fíoifonf jrifhjrwfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom ypön;f wefqmyvmrsm;udk csO;f uyfciG v hf ckd sio f jl zpfonf qdyk gu oifonf þt&mudk ,HkMunfjcif;&Sd& rnf/ uREf k y f w d k Y o nf td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; wef c d k ; tmed o if u d k tb,f o d k Y p Of ; pm;EdkifMuonfrqdk bk&m;ocifonf BuD;rm;us,fjyefYpGmomí tus,fcsJUxm;aom tdrfrufwpfck&Sdonf/ olonf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tawG;tac: rsm;udkom ay;tyf x m;onf r [k w f / jrif h j rwf a om tBuH t pnf a wmf w pf rsKd ; ud k v nf ; zefwD;ay;oljzpfonf/ ]]igonf oifwu Ykd kd tusK;d enf;apjcif;iSg BupH nfaom tBut H pnf r[kwb f J oifw\ Ykd arQmv f ifah omtusK;d ud&k rnftaMumif; Nird 0f yfapjcif;iSg oifwt Ykd bdYk BupH nfaom tBuw H u Ykd kd igod\/ (a,&rdtem *wåu d sr;f 29;11) þuwdawmfonf a&G;cs,fjcif;ESpfckESifhtwl uREfkyfwdkYtm; azmfjyay;jcif; jzpfonf/ þoabmxm;xkwfjyefcsufudk ,HkMunfjcif;onf opöm w&m;jzpfonf/ olonf rkom;ajymolwpfOD;jzpfonfudk [efaqmifjcif; odkYr[kwf uREfkyfwdkY\

73 td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f bk & m;ocif \ ½l y g½H k u d k a yG U yd k u f j cif ; jzpf o nf / bk&m;ocifonf oif\aygif;pnf;jcif;tem*wfumv txJo0Ykd ifí ½Ijrifaomtcg ol\om;awmfxif&Sm;pGmazmfjyjcif;taMumif; udk jrifawGU&oljzpfonf/ þ½lyg½Hkudk 0efcH&rnfhwpfckwnf;aom enf;vrf; rSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh ESdrfhcsjcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmf (vkyfydkif cGifhtyfESif;jcif;) udk vufcHjcif;tm;jzifh 0efcH&ygvdrfhrnf/ xm0&0rf;ajrmuf jcif;tawmtwGif; uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmif jyKjcif ; twG u f tBuH t pnf wpf p H k w pf & m&S d o nf / 4if ; onf uREf k y f w d k Y \ udk,fydkifcGeftm;ESifh uefYowf xm;jcif;r&Sday/ xdkt&mudk bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmf tm;jzifh txift&Sm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;jzifh tvkyfvkyfvQuf&Sdaom udk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh txajrmufatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf pdwfcs&aom vSywifhw,fjcif;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif onf uREfkyf\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tay: vufajr§muft½HI;ay;xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY twGuf arQmfvifhp&mr&Sdyg/ uREfkyfwdkYü tem*wf½lyg½Hkr&Sdyg/ cspfwwfaom cHpm;csufudk aysmufuG,folrsm;jzpfonf[lí oifpOf;pm;MunfhEdkifoljzpfonf/ oifonf þt&mESifhwlaom cHpm;csuf&Sdygonf/ tb,fhaMumifh qdkaomf oifonf udk,fydkifcGeftm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfaeoljzpfonf/ 4if;onf jzpfEdkifacs&Sdyg ovm;/ bk&m;ociftwGufoif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk tdrfrufrsm;? BudK;pm; tm;xkwfjcif;rsm;ESifh vSJvS,fvdkufyg/ oifonfolYtm; oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk ,HkrSwftyfESHoljzpfonfhtwdkif; olonf oif\ tdrfrufrsm;udk ,loGm;vdrfhrnf/ toufwmESiw hf uG xdt k &mrsm;udk oGe;f avmif;ay;oljzpfonf/ oif\ESv;kH om;xJü aumif;uifbkH&Sd ½lyg½Hkwpfckudk pdkufysKd;xm;yg/ þod k Y t "d y Ü g ,f o uf a &muf y gonf / a,muf s m;wd k Y c&pf a wmf o nf toif;awmfudkcspfonfhenf;wl olonfoif\r,m;tm; cspfzdkYoifhudk vkyfydkif cGifhtyfESif;vdrfhrnf/ twåA[dkjyKtm;vHk;tzdkYtvdkYiSg vkyfydkifcGifhtyf ESif;vdrfhrnf/ rd e f ; rwd k Y oif \ cif y G e f ; ud k ½d k a oorI j yKzd k Y ol o nf o if h u d k xd k e nf ; wl v k y f yd k i f c G i f h t yf E S i f ; vd r f h r nf / þenf ; vrf ; tm;jzif h oif w d k Y E S p f O D ; pvH k ; onf B uD ; rm;us,jf yefaY om tdraf xmifjyKjcif;txJo0Ykd ifíBu;D yGm;vmzdYk ae&may;& ygvdrrhf nf/ or®musrf;pmu xdkt&mudk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpf onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;r&SdbJ bk&m;ociftm; ESpfaxmif;tm;&apzdkY jzpfEdkifacs r&Sday/ a[NAJ 11;6 udk zwfygav/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfjcif;udk tb,f aMumifhvGefpGm

74 csp&f ygoenf;/ tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf olüwnfaom ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzifh uREykf w f Ykd onf olESifhwlnDjcif;jzpfvmzdkY wefcdk;awmfudk vufcH&&Sdxm;jcif; aMumifhjzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif bk&m;ocifEiS w hf al om toufwmwpfcx k ufomí aumif;aom ay:xGe;f vmjcif;r[kwfay/ olonfoif\ aysmfarGUjcif;ü arGUavsmfjcif;udk ,lwif0wfaqmif ol j zpf o nf / uREf k y f w d k Y onf ,m,D r Qomjzpf a om aysmf a rG U jcif ; taMumif ; udkajymaejcif;r[kwfay/ uREfkyfwdkYtrSefwu,f a&;om;azmfjyaomt&mrSm jynfh0pHkvifjcif;? auseyfa&mifh&Jjcif;ESifh xm0&aysmfarGUjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif onf oif\tdrf axmifjyKjcif;twGuf taumif;qHk;udk vdkvm;aombk&m;jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif ol\taumif;qH;k onf olt Y m;jzifh 4if;\taMumif;&if;udk awGUjrifEikd af om aygif;pnf;jcif;üom wnfaxmifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

taqmuftOD;yHkpH ,HMk unfjcif;ESihf arQmv f ifjh cif;onf tvm;wlt&mrsm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh rMumcP ½Iyaf xG;ayGvjD zpfaponf/ od&Yk mwGif wpfcEk iS w hf pfcu k jJG ym;jcm;em;ygonf/ tu,fí ,HMk unfjcif;onf Bu;D jrwfaom tdraf xmifjyKjcif;wpfct k wGuf taqmuftOD;wefqm yvmjzpfonfqykd gu arQmv f ifjh cif;onf taqmuftOD;yHpk jH zpfonf/ wpfjcm;enf;vrf; ESifhqdk&ygrl arQmfvifhjcif;onf yHkoGif;jcif;wpfckESifh wlygonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf 4if;udt k rSew f u,fjynf0h pHv k ifapjcif; jzpfonf/ arQmv f ifjh cif;r&Sb d J ,HMk unfjch if;onf yHpk rH &Sad om taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/ taqmuftOD; yHpk w H pfcrk &Sb d J toH;k jyKEikd o f a&GU toH;k jyKaomtaqmuftOD;ypön;f wefqmyvmrsm; taMumif;jzpfonf/ oifonf owdw&xm;&rnfrmS xdo k jYzk d pfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf xl;jcm;aom yef;wdik w f pfcEk iS t hf wl y#dnmOfjyKcsuw f pfc\ k vufc&H &So d u l o hJ Ykd tmNA[ H t H m; vufawmfEiS hf a&G;aumufxm;onf/ xdt k &monf ocifb&k m;\ vrf;c&D;awmftwdik ;f tmNA[ H o H nf ol\aqGpOfrsKd;qufrsm;udk oGefoifñTefMum;&ygvdrfhrnf/ þuwdawmftxJodkY 0ifa&mufomG ;zdt Y k wGuf bk&m;ocifonf tmNA[ H u H ak d c:awmfral omtcg olü om;orD;r&Sad y/ od&Yk mwGif ocifb&k m;onf olt Y m;pdwcf s&aponfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ olonf vlrsK;d wumwd\ Y k tzjzpf vmvdrrh f nf/ tmNAH[Honf xl;vGefaom,HkMunfjcif;&Sdol vlwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtydk'fi,frsm;teufwpfcku ajymonfrSm ]],HkrSm;aompdwfESifh uif;í

75 bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfuakd wG;awmjcif;r&S}d }[k qdyk gonf/ (a&m? 4;20)xdx k ufru urÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; (15) ü uREfkyfwdkY&SmazGawGU&Sd&onf rSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;vTrf;rdk;aome,fy,ftxJodkY0ifí ajcvSrf;jcif;rwdkifrD pdwfysuftm; avsmhjcif;ESifh ppfxdk;ae&oljzpfonf/ Asm'dwfawmftm;jzifh xm0&bk&m;\ EIwfuywfawmfonf tmNAHodkYa&muf ítcsif ; tmNAH r pd k ; &d r f E S i f h / igonf oif \ tuG , f t um jzpf \ / oif\tusK;d onf tvGeBf u;D vSonf[rk ed aYf wmfrv l Qif tmNAu H t&Six f m0& bk&m;tuREykf o f nfom;r&Sb d J oGm;&yg\/ þ"roufNrKd Uom; {vsmZmonf tuREf k y f \ tarG c H j zpf & yg\/ od k Y j zpf í tb,f a us;Zl ; ud k j yKawmf rlygrnfenf;[k avQmufqdk\/ wpfzef tmNAH[Hu tuREfkyftm; trsKd;tEG,fudkay;awmfrlyg/ tuREfkyf\ tdrfüzGm;aomolonf tuREfkyf\tarGcHjzpf&ygwum;[k avQmufqkd\/ wpfzef xm0&bk&m;\EIwu f ywfawmfa&mufvm onfum;þ olonfoif \tarGcHrjzpf&/ oif\udk,fxJu xGufaomolonf oif\tarGcH jzpfvdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmfrlNyD;vQif tmNAHudkjyifodkYxkwfaqmifawmfrlí rdkCf;aumif;uifudkarQmfMunfhavmh/ Mu,frsm;udka&wGufEdkifvQif a&wGuf avmh/ tmNAH o nf xm0&bk & m;ud k , H k M unf o nf j zpf í ol \ ,H k M unf j cif ; ud k ajzmifhrwfjcif;uJhodkY rSwfawmfrl\/ (u? 15;1-6) Bu;D rm;opfviG af om ,HMk unfjcif;wpfcu k kd tmNA[ H t H m;ay;ouJo h Ykd uREykf w f Ykd onf bk&m;ocifudk arQmfvifhcsufxm;Edkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGifolonf tmNA[ H \ H ,HMk unfjcif;udak y;rnft h pm; ½lyg½Hw k pfcw k , G u f yfvmonf/ þt&monf ol\arQmv f ifjh cif;twGuzf UJG pnf;yHak y;tyfjcif;tm;jzifh ol\,HMk unfjcif; udck eG t f m;wd;k apjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf Mu,frsm; udka&wGufzdkY tmNAH[HudktjyifodkY zdwfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ naumif;uifonf olYtay:ü &Sdaom ra&rwGufEdkifaom Mu,frsm;uJhodkY Mu,fESifhqdkifaom taqmuftOD;yHkpHwpfckESifh cs,foxm;onf/ ol\ESv;kH om;zefom;jyifay:ü om;orD;rsm;\ rsufESmrsm;txJodkY0ifí ajymif;vJ

76 oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkxufru tmNAH[Htm; ajymvdkufonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ ol \ om;pOf ajr;quf r sm;onf ra&rwG u f E d k i f a wmh a om Mu,f r sm;uJ h o d k Y jzpfvdrfhrnf[k ajymygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ud, k u f m,qdik &f m yHak qmifcsut f m; pdwv f yI f&Sm;apjcif;ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaom ol\a&S;rqGu pDrHxm;aomtaMumif; &if;udk ay;tyfygonf/ þrdk;aumif;uifudkjyojcif;ESifh ajymjyjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ ½lyg½Hkonf tmNAH[H\pdwful;ÚmPft ay:pGJrSwfapjcif;jzpfonf/ tvm;wl e nf ; vrf ; tm;jzif h bk & m;ocif o nf oif \ td r f a xmif j yK jcif;twGuf udk,fawmf\ ½lyg½Hkudkvufqifhurf;rQa0zdkY oif\pdwful;ÚmPf udk toHk;jyKcsifaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm ½lyg½Hk&Sdaomae&mü arQmfvifhjcif; &Sdonf/ þodkYaomtaMumif;aMumifh &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocif \ oduRrf;jcif; ÚmPfawmftxufu 4if;ud, k w f ikd f cs;D ajrm§ ufaomrnfonfh pdwu f ;l ÚmPfrqdpk eG yYf pf xm;zdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (2aum? 10;4-5 udzk wfygav) oif\ESv;kH om;&Gux f nfuu kd , G u f m &rnfo h jl zpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf4if;onf oif\tjyKtrlwefzdk; ESifh oif\obm0udk owfrSwfydkif;jcm; ay;rnf h t aMumif ; aMumif h j zpf o nf / arQmf v if h j cif ; twG u f yH k q G J a omoif y k e f ; uJhodkYoif\ pdwful;ÚmPfudkpOf;pm; Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocifonf arQmfvifhjcif;ESifh uREfkyfwdkYtm; jznfhqnf;ay;zdkY uwdawmf xm;onf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkt&mudk tb,fodkYcsOf; uyfaeMuyg oenf;/ 4if;onf qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh csOf;uyf&rnfrSm xdkodkY jzpfygonf/ ol\0dnmOf awmfonf vGefuJaom arQmfvifhjcif;ESifhtwl uREfkyfwdkY\ 0dnmOfrsm;ü oGef;avmif; jcif;rSm oifwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;tm;jzifh arQmfvifh jcif;yg&rDESifh<u,f0apjcif;iSg ,HkMunfaom pdwf&Sdí0rf;ajrmufouf omjcif;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYESifhjynfhpHk&rnftaMumif; arQmfvifhjcif;t&Sifbk&m; ocifonf u,froem;awmfrlygapom;/ (a&m? 15;13) bk&m;ocifonf arQmfvifhjcif;\t&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ tu,fí uREfkyfwdkY onf toem;cHawmif;qdkonfqdkygu olonfNidrfoufjcif; 0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;jznfhqnf;ay;vdrfhrnf/ tb,fodkYjzpfaom uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;onf

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80 uRefronf bk&m;ocifESifh pyfvsOf;í tawG;tac:rSm udk,fawmfonf uRefrtm; uwdawmf&Sd onfhtwdkif; umv&SnfMumoa&GU &SnfMumpGm þtdrfaxmifjyKjcif; tm;jzifh aexdik &f ygvdrrhf nf/ uRerf onf aumif;uifEikd if aH wmfxüJ *ReEf iS hf aexdik v f kd olr[kwfay/ uRefronf wpfOD;wnf;vGefpGmcHpm;&oljzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif 4if;onf rnfoEl iS rhf qdk olw\ Ykd emusijf cif;udk a0rQzYkd "r®trIawmfaqmif\ r,m;rsm;twGuf cJ,Of;ygonf/ uREfkyf (*Ref) onf xdkumvü arQmfvifhcsufuif;rJhjcif;ESifh vGefpGmxdk;ppf qifae&onf/ vDZm\rsuv f ;kH ü trSew f &m;wpfpw kH pf&mr&Sad om jyKvyk jf cif;twGuf cHpm;ae&oljzpfonf/ ½dkaoav;jrwfjcif;r&Sdjcif;taMumif;aMumifh uREfkyf\ pnf;MuyfcefcY jJG cif;onf twdtus trSew f &m;jzpfonfukd uREykf , f MkH unfjcif;&So d nf/ uREfkyfESifh olrtb,fodkYajymaompum;rsm;onf awmufwifcdkifrmjcif;&Sdygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf vsifjrefpGmc½kacGyHkavSum; qif;aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYrsm; teuf wpfOD;OD;onf jyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYtwGuf &ifhusufjcif;? ½dkaoav; jrwfjcif;ESifh arwåmtwGuf rnfonfh wefcdk;tmedoifudkrqdk awGUjrifxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkt&mtwGuf 0dnmOfa&;&m emusifjcif;ESifh pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIonf rcHEdkif avmufaom jrif[efvu©Pm&Sdonf/ xdkt&monf pdk;&drfxdwfvefY zG,jf zpfonf/ odkY&mwGif 4if;onf &moDOwkwpfckomjzpfonf/ ajymif;vJjcif; &Sdaom&moDOwk jzpf o nf / rsuf & nf u sapaom tcsd e f u mvwpf c k w G i f tvG e f & S n f M umaom nwpfntwGuf cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf/ od&Yk mwGif uREykf w f üYkd bk&m;ocif uwdawmf&o dS nf rSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf eHeufrdk;aomufcsdefü a&muf&Sdvm onf/ (qm? 30;5 udkzwfygav)/ xdktcsdefudk jyefvnfí ½IMunfhaomtcg twGi;f pdwu f ;l t& zefw;D jcif;jzpfonf[k jrif[ef vu©Pm&So d nf/ wpfjcm;vifr,m; pHkwGJtwGuf 4if;ESifhwlaom t&mrsm; jzpfysufcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf aMumifh uREykf w f o Ykd nf bk&m;ocifukd *kPjf yKjcif;twGuf uREykf w f \ Ykd yef;wdik Ef iS o hf pöm&Sd pGm usef&pfaeMu&onf/ twåqefjcif;twGuf tppftrSefjzpfaom aemifw w&m;tm;jzifh bk&m;w&m; arGUavsmaf om ÚmPfynmtwGuf emcHvu kd af vsmufjcif; ESihf twlvifr,m;pHw k jJG zpfaom uREykf w f o Ykd nf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udak pmifh Munfah eol rsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif cspfjcif;arwåmonf BuD;rm;aom cGeftm;&Sdaomae&mü &SifoefBuD;yGm;onf/

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82 toHjrnf aeygonf/ xdkt&mudk awGUjrif&zdkYvrf;c&D;tm;vHk;udk avmifuRrf;apol jzpfonf/ xdkt&monf xm0&qkvmbfjzpfonf/ xm0&umv tESHYtjym;ü rSwpfyg;pdk;pHaeonf/ þrlvyifr t,l0g'twGuf ÓPfjriftodonf vrf;rBuD; tay: uREfkyfwdkYtm; apmifhxdef;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf aoG;pnf;nDñTwfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf udk,fawmf\ BuD;jrwfjcif;udk tb,faMumifh rav;rpm; olrsm;jzpfMuonfhtwdkif; ocifa,½I\ yv’ifawmfa&SU arSmufpm&if;wpfckudk ay;csifolrsm;teuf wpfOD;OD;jzpfonf/ (w&m;pD&if jcif;yv’iftaMumif;udk ydkrdkodvdk ygu xm0&umvESifh armif;ESifjcif;pm tkyfudkzwfygav) bk&m;ociftm; *kPfjyKjcif;yef;wdkifod&SdNyD;aemuf uREfkyfwdkY\ 'kwd, &nfrSef;csufonf tptOD;ü &SdaeMujcif;xuf c&D;tqHk;wGif wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf tcsif;csif;omí cspfzdkYjzpfonf/ þyef;wdkifonf omícufcJaom tcsed u f mvrsm;odYk uREykf w f t Ykd m; tEdik t f xufjyKaomyef;wdik jf zpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf xdkt&mESifhcHpm;csufrwlMuaomtcg tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf ydkcspfMuonf/ pD? tufpfvl;0dpf a&;om;xm; onfrSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf euf½dIif;aom aoG;pnf;nDñGwfjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ tvdkawmftm;jzifh qufvufwnfNrJapjcif;jzpfonf/ tavhtx tm;jzifh t&JpGefY&aom cGeftm;jzpfaponf/ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh (c&pf,mef tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tm;jzifh) wdk;wufBuHUcdkifap onf/ rdwfzufESpfOD; pvHk;u awmif;cHaomaus;Zl;awmfjzpfonf/ bk&m; ocifxHawmfrS vufcH&&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf tBudKufcsif; rwlMuaomtcg wcPwm tcsdefüyifvQif tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muftwGuf þarwåmrsKd;&SdEkdifygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;BudKufESpfoufjcif;r&Sdaomtcg txift&Sm; owfrSwfNyD;aomtcsdefumvrsm;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyKygonf/ Murf;wrf;aom tcsdefumvrsm;onf pDrHcefYcGJrI NyD;ajrmufatmif tqifhqifh OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKvkyfay;zdkYjzpfonf/ olonfoifhtwGuf tvm;wl t&mudkjyKvkyfay;vdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf vufxyf xdrf;jrm;jcif;aeYudk jyKvkyfjcif; xuf ,aeYwGif tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufomí cspfMujcif;udkomí ESpfoufoabmusonf/ xdkt&monf trSefw&m;jzpfonfAsm/ uREfkyfwdkYonf

83 vGeo f mG ;aomq,fpEk pS w f pf ckpED iS t hf wl cspjf cif;arwåmtm;jzifo h mí Bu;D yGm;wd;k wuf vmzdkYa&SUodkYom arQmfMunfhMuolrsm;jzpfonf/

rSwfpka&;om;aombk&m;ocif uREf k y f w d k Y o nf pm;aomuf q d k i f v uf o k w f y k 0 gtay: td r f r uf r sm;us oGm;jcif;taMumif;udk earmferJh zwf&cufatmif a&;om;olrsm;jzpfonfh twdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf uav;r&aomolrsm; tb,fodkY om;orD;rsm;xGef;um;jcif; taMumif;udk ajymMujcif;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf tcef;rsm;udk a0rQjcif;? awmufwkd r,f&tvkyrf sm; cGijhf yKonfph &dwaf iGrsm;ESihf pnf;urf;rsm;udt k b,foYkd udik w f , G &f rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;ajymqdkMuol rsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ qHk;jzwfcsuf rsm;onf ajr;rsm;ESifh om;orD;rsm; qufvuf&&SdzdkY tusKd;oufa&muf jcif;ESifh uREfkyfwdkYtarGtESpftaMumif;udk ajymqdkaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf uREfkyfwdkY twGuf ta&;BuD;&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkolwdkYtm; b@ma&; tarGtESpfESifh 0dnmOftoufwmudk vufqifhurf;a0jcif;jzpfonf/ (okwåH? 13;22) tem*wftdrfawmftaMumif;udk pOf;pm;aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf wifhw,faomaetdrf odkYr[kwf BuD;rm;aom tdrfwpfaqmif&SdzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf ta&;rBuD;yg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf BudKqdkvufcHaomtdrfawmf jzpfvdkMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ aEG;axG;aomtdrfawmfjzpfvdkMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ csufcsif;twGif;bufodk ajcvSrf; vSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlrsm;onf vHkNcHKrI&Sd jcif;udk cHpm;&aom ae&mwpfck jzpfonf/ aysmf&Tifaom ae&mwpfckjzpfzdkY vdkcsifMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ om;orD;rsm; onf olwdkY\ rdwfaqGrsm;udk ,laqmifvmcsifaom ae&mjzpfonf/ xdkxufru uREfkyfwdkYonf aqmif&GufzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; ac:awmfrlaom bk&m;ociftm; tb,fodkY ,HkMunfjcif;taMumif;udk ajymqdkaeMu olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkY\ ac:awmfrljcif;udk aygufuGJtm;aumif;aom uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf tb,frQavmuftusKd;oufa&mufjcif;taMumif;udk ajymaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ a,mufsm;rsm;\ tqifhtwef;ESifh rdef;rrsm;\ tqifh twef;taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;ajymqdkaeMuol rsm;jzpfonf/ ta<u;uif;uif; ESifh aexdkifjcif;0ifaiGrsm;udk tb,fodkYpDrH cefYcGJ&rnfudk pdwfydkif;jzwfxm; Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ qufíqufíom uREfkyfwd k Y o nf vuf x J ü tb,f t &m&S d o nf u d k

84 vspv f sL½Ionfw h ikd f qufvufí ajymaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk xdo k &Ykd mS azGawGU&Sd xm;Muonf / vuf o k w f yk 0 gtay:usoG m ;aom earmf e rJ h z wf & cuf a tmif a&;om;xm;aom pmonf uREfkyfwdkYwnfaqmufcsifaom toufwmtwGuf opfr&rDpyfMum;0g; aygif;uGyfaomtaqmuftOD;yHkpHtxJodkY0ifí ajymif;vJoGm; onf/ xdkt&mudk pOf;pm;zdkY BudKufESpfoufMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf 0½k e f ; ok e f ; um;jzpf a om puú L pm&G u f t ay: uREf k y f w d k Y \ BuH & G , f c suf r sm;ud k jyKvk y f x m;Muol r sm;jzpf o nf h t wd k i f ; bk & m;ocif o nf xd k e nf ; wl a &;om; jcif;jzpfonf/ xd k t cg xm0&bk & m;ud k aMumuf & G H U aomol w d k Y o nf wpf a ,muf u d k wpfa,mufEIwfqufíajymqdkMu\/ xm0&bk&m;onfvnf; em;axmifí Mum;awmfrl\/ xm0&bk&m;udkaMumuf&GHUí emrawmf udkatmufarhaom olwdkYtzdkY a&SUawmfwGif pm&if;ü rSwfom;vsuf &Sd\/ (rmvcd? 3;16) uREfkyfwdkYonf apmapmuaeY&ufrsm;ü ajrmufrsm;pGmaomtaMumif;udk ajymcJhMuonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfxdkt&mrsm;udk arhaysmufoGm; aomtcsd e f ü yif v Qif bk & m;ocif u owd w &xm;onf / jynf h 0 pH k v if a pzd k Y xdt k &mrsm;udk o,faqmifvmoljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olt Y m;aMumuf&UHG olrsm; tMum; xif&Sm;aom pum;tjyeftvSefajymqdk jcif;rsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifaom bk & m;jzpf o nf / oif o nf touf y d k i f & S i f u d k *k P f j yKaom td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; wpfcktaMumif; yHkMurf;a&;qGJonfhtwdkif; aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfu rSwfom;vQuf &Sdonf/

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oif\½lyg½Hkvufa&;pmrl xm0&bk & m;uvnf ; bwf a omol o nf ajy;vQuf bwf E d k i f a tmif Asm'd w f ½ l y g½H k u d k oif y k e f ; ay:rS m tu© & mwif í a&;rS w f a vmh / ([Auú K wf tem*wådusrf;? 2;2)

85 xyf r H í wpf B ud r f 4if ; onf o if \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f oif \ ½lyg½Hu k akd &;cszYkd b,faomtcgrQ vGepf mG aemufusvrd rhf nfr[kwyf g/ pma&; jcif;onf vGwfvyfaom cHpm;csufjzpfonf/ oifonf wpfpHkwpf&m wwf ajrmufonfhwdkif? xdkt&mudkjyefvnfa&;om;yg/ xdkt&monf xl;jcm;csufrsm;&Sdonf/ em;vnfzdkY vG,fulygonf/ &Sif;vif;aom ½lyg½Hkwpfckonfoifhudk pGrf;tifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ pmaMumif;a&NyD;pD;zdkYtwGuf oifonf vrf;wpf avQmufvHk;ajy;zdkvdktyfygonf/ aus;Zl ; jyKí tcsd e f w pf c sKd U ud k ,l x m;yg/ oif \ r,m; (od k Y r [k w f tem*wfr,m;) ESifh pum;ajymqdkzdkYjzpfonf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf oif \ ½l y g½H k t aMumif ; ud k a0rQjcif ; jzpf o nf / ae&mwpf c k u d k &S m azG x m;yg/ oiftdrfrufEdkifaom ae&mjzpfonf/ oif\ vdkvm;awmif;wjcif;rsm; arQmf vifhxm;p&mrsm;udk txl;jyKa&;om;yg/ oif\ t<uif;rJh rSefuefjcif;twGuf pdwfydkif;jzwfxm;yg/ BuD;rm;aom tdrfrufjcif;udkraMumufygESifhAsm/ þ ½lyg½Hkonf vmrnfhaeY&ufrsm;üoif\ ajrmufzufydkif;&Sd Mu,frsm;jzpf&ygvdrfh rnf/ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; onf tNyD ; owf v rf ; aMumif ; ES i f h pwif a omvrf ; aMumif ; tMum; q,f p k E S p f r sm;ES i f h t wl ta0;ajy;Nyd K if y G J w pf c k E S i f h w l y gonf / tvGefajrmufrsm;pGmaom vifr,m;pHkwGJrsm;onf a&wdkpDrHudef;udk tdrfruf xm;Muonf/ olwdkYonf rdom;pkwpfckudk csD;ajr§mufjcif;ESifh tdrfwpfaqmif 0,f,zl t Ykd wGuf tdrrf ufxm;Muonf/ tb,foYkd Bu;D jrwfaom yef;wdik f rsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif wpfckckonf oifudkvHkavmufaom tuGmta0; qDoYkd o,faqmifomG ; ygvdrrhf nf/ omí ajrmufrsm;pGm&Syd gao;onf/ oif\ tdrfrufjcif;udk qufvuf apmifhxdef;yg/ oif\ESvHk;om;xJü xdkt&mudk odrf;qnf;xm;yg/ oif\r,m;onf oifESifhtwl ta0;odkYc&D;ajy;vTm;aeonf/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf qef Y u sif í Nyd K if y G J 0 if j cif ; r[k w f y g/ oif \ wpf c k w nf ; aom vrf ; aMumif ; ud k pHkvifEdkifjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhoifonf toif;wpf oif;uJhodkYtvkyfvkyfzdkY vdktyfygonf/ tu,fíoifonf Murf;wrf;aom pwifwpfck&Sdonfqdkygu oif\odem;vnfjcif;ESifh ZdrfcH&rnfrSm xdkodkYjzpf onf/ oifonf tb,fodkY pwif j cif ; xuf o if o nf o mí ajrmuf r sm;pG m aom taMumif ; csif ; &mrsm;ud k tb,fodkY tqHk;owfjcif;jzpfonf/ oif\ tBuHtpnfudk a&;om;jcif;onf oif\tqHk;owfxm;aom pmaMumif;udk t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfaom enf;vrf;wpfck

86 jzpfonf/ oif\a&SUarSmuf&Sd ½lyg½Hkudk &,lxm;zdkYvdktyfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oifonf xdkt&mESifhpyfvsOf;í ajy;zdkY wpfpHkwpf&m&Sdonf/ xdk½lyg½Hkonf csdef;csufxm;aom tcsdefESifhqdkifí trIukef&aom umvudk qdv k \ kd / rkomESiu hf if;vGw\ f / qdik ;f aomfvnf; arQmv f ifah vmh/ aemufrus bJ {ueftrSefa&mufvdrfhrnf/ pdwfjrifhaomolonf oabmrajzmifh/ ajzmifhrwfaomolrlum; rdrd,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh touf&Sifvdrfhrnf/ ([AuúKwftem*wådusrf;? 2;3-4) oif\bk&m;rIwfoGif;awmfrlaom ½lyg½Hkonf oifha&SUarSmufoGm;vdrfhrnf/ vrf;c&D;wpfckudk vdrfvnfwkyEdkifzdkYjzpfonf/ xdkt&mudk jynfh0 pHkvifapzdkYjzpfonf/ tu,fí oifonfpu©Ktm½Hktm;jzifh ½lyg½Hkudkxdef; odrf;apmifha&Smufol jzpfonf qdkygu 4if;onf oifhudkusqif;oGm;apvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ xdkae&mü tcsdefrsm;pGm &SdEdkifygonf/ 4if;\ jrif[efvu© Pmonf xdo k jYkdzpfaomtcg bk&m;ociftb,foYkd ajymcJjh cif;onf trSew f &m; r[kwEf ikd af y/ oif\vrf;c&D;onf oifu h v kd rf;jy ydaYk qmif Edkifonf/ oifonf oGm;zdkYarQmfvifhrxm;jcif; odkYr[kwf roGm;csifaomae&mrsm;odkY ydkYaqmifay;Edkifonf/ jzpfpOfrsm;udk ,HkMunfpdwfcsyg/ oifhudk aMumifaMumif Mum;Mum;tpif;jzpfapzdkY tb,fodkY vdktyfjcif;&Sdonfudk bk&m;ocifodygonf/ oift h wGuf tpDtpOftwdik ;f c&D;pOfukd pHv k ifNy;D pD; apzdjYk zpfonf/ wpfO;D wnf;aom wefcdk;awmf&Sifjzpfonf/ oif\½lyg½Hkudk rIwfoGif;ay;aom wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf vdktyfaom wcPwmü oifhudkcGeftm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif oifonfa&SUarSmufü&Sdaom ½lyg½Hkudkqufvuf xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ayrnf/ oif\tBuHtpnfonf t*FgwpfpHkwpf&mESifhwlaom pm&Gufpmwrf; rIwfoGif;jcif; &Sifoefvsuf&Sdaomt&mwpfck jzpf&ayvdrfhrnf/

t<uif;rJh trSew f &m;udk &Si;f vif;pGm t"dygÜ ,fowfrw S jf cif; {uef r k c sjzpf a om ,H k M unf j cif ; ES i f h {uef r k c sjzpf a om quf u yf t yf ESHjcif;onf oif\½lyg½HktwGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom tMurf;xnfwpfckudk cGJa0ay; vdrfhrnf/ ]]uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf bk&m;ociftm; *kPf toa&&Sd apvdrrhf nf/}} odrYk [kwf ]]uREykf w f o Ykd nf rdru d , kd w f ikd af &SUarSmuf tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,muf

87 udkwpfa,mufvdktyfjcif;rsm;udkcsxm;vdrfhrnf}} [lí xdkenf;wl pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh wlygonf/ þt&mrsm;onf jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;r&SdapzdkY oifpOf;pm;aom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf b,faomtcg rQ ajymif;vJjcif; &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ xdkYtjyif b,faomtcgrQ aphpyfajy Nidrf;jcif;&Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/

xGm;usKdif;vmaomtcef; aumif;aomtBuHtpnfwpfckonf ar;cGef;wdkif;twGuf tajzrsm;ay;avh r&Sday/ 4if;onf &Sif;vif;csufudkomay;onf/ wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf oifah &SUarSmuf&dS xdrk o k m;pum;rsm;tm;vH;k udo k o d nf/ od&Yk mwGif oifonf ud, k af wmf \ 0dnmOfawmfvrf;jyjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ tBut H pnfawmfukd wjznf;jznf;ESifh zHk;uG,frxm;Edkifay/ vGefcJhaomumvü oif\½lyg½Hkonf tus,ft0ef;tm;jzifh xGm;usKdif;vmygvdrfhrnf/ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufvnf;xGm;usKdif;vmygvdrfhrnf/ &moDOwkwpfckpD\ pdefac:csufrsm;ESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk vdkufavsmnDaxG jzpfatmif tvdkufoifhjyKjyifajymif;vJapyg/ þajymif;vJjcif;&Sdaom {&d,me,fy,f rsm;onf tcsdefumv\ pkpkaygif;ta&twGufyg0ifygonf/ oifonf ac:awmfrl jcif;\ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf 0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;udk oifaxmuf uljyKaomenf;vrf;rsm;odkYr[kwf oif\om;orD;rsm;touftydkif;tjcm; uJhodkY rdbtaetm;jzifh &if;ES;D xm;Edik o f nf/ þae&mü vufawGUusaom ajcvSr;f ig;vSr;f &S d o nf / uREf k y f w d k Y o nf oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; tBuH t pnf u d k a&;om;zd k Y wm0ef,lBudK;pm;zdkY tBuHjyKxm;onfrSm

1/ qkawmif;yg oif\pum;tjyeftvSefajymqdkjcif;tawG;tac:rsm;udk ESvHk;oGif;zdkY bk&m;ociftm;awmif;cHyg/ udk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;zdkY toem;cH qkawmif;yg/ ,HMk unfjcif;\ zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyu kH kd a0iSzYkd xdt k &mtwGuf olt Y m; toem;cHqkawmif;yg/ olonf oif\ ,HkMunfjcif; pHkvifapzdkY vdkvm;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/

88

2/ rIwfoGif;jcif;qkawmif;yw¬em r*¾Zif;rsm;udk ydkufzufxm;jcif; pyfqdkxm;aom aw;oDcsif; "mwfyHkrsm;? yHk0w¬Krsm;? aqmif;yg;rsm;? usrf;ydk'frsm;udk pkaqmif;xm;yg/ oifESifh pum;ajymaom rnfonfht&mrqdk rIwfoGif;jcif; qkawmif;yw¬emjyKyg/

3/ tdrfrufEdkifaomae&mwpfcsKdU þae&monf aps;BuD;jcif; odkYr[kwf ae&mtus,fBuD;wpfckr[kwfyg/ vrf;ab;&S½d ;kd pif;aom pm;aomufqikd u f o hJ Ykd jzpfEikd yf gonf/ odrYk [kwf oif\tdref ;D em;csif;ü&Sdaom yef;NcHcHkwef;&SnfuJhodkY jzpfEdkifygonf/

4/ oif\yef;wdkifrsm;udk xyfwlxyfrQjyKjcif; tdrfrufBuD;BuD;rufyg/ acwfa&pD;aMumif;tajctae jzpfysufjcif;tm;jzifh oifu, kd w f ikd f uefo Y wfrxm;ygapESi/hf odrYk [kwf twdwu f mvu oifawGUjrif&aom yHkoGif;jcif;rsm;ESifh oifhudk,fudk ruefYowfapygESifh/ vlrItzGJUtpnf; toif;awmfywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; 0efxrf;aqmifolrsm;? tyef;ajzpcef;tem;,ljcif;? vlrItzGJUtpnf;zGHU NzdK;wdk;wuf vmjcif;? 0dnmOfa&;&m&SifoefBuD;yGm;jcif;? yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&mwdk;wufzGHUNzdK;jcif;? rdom;pkpGrf;tm;&Sdjcif;? rdbjzpfjcif;ESifh b@ma&;tygt0if pOf;pm;MunfhzdkY acgif;pOfBuD;rsm;jzpfonf/

5/ xdkolrsm;qDodkY qdkufa&mufoGm;zdkY pdwfydkif;jzwfjcif; wpf c sd e f u oif o nf ½l y g½H k w nf a xmif x m;ol j zpf o nf / vuf & S d v uf usefypönf;tao;pdwfpm&if;jyKpkxm;oljzpfonf/ ,cktcg oifjzpfapcsifaom ae&mESihf qufpyfay;&mü oif\tcGit hf a&;onf b,fae&mrSm&Syd g oenf;/ oif\ acwfa&pD;aMumif;taetxm;udk qef;ppfMunfhyg/ xdkYtjyif oif\pHEIef;rsm; ajcvSr;f vSr;f jcif; odrYk [kwf ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;udk r[mAsL[mjzpf apyg/ xdt k &monf vrf ; rBuD ; ay:ü oif h u d k a pmif h a &S m uf x d e f ; od r f ; jcif ; od k Y r [k w f oif h u d k c sxm; ay;vdrfhrnf/

89 oif\tBuHtpnfonf toufwmtwGuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom &moDOwk rsm;udk zHk;uG,fvdrfhrnf/ pdwfESvHk;xJü oif\yef;wdkifrsm;ESifhwuG atmufazmfjyyg þar;cGef;rsm;udkajzqdkyg/ - uav;r&bJ tdrfaxmifjyKaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf tb,ft&mESifh wlygoenf;/ - i,f&G,faom om;orD;rsm; xGef;um;vmaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf tb,ft&mESifh wlygoenf;/ - q,fausmfoufrdbrsm;jzpfvmaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;onf tb,ft&mESifhwlygoenf;/ - todkufttHkr&SdbJ uREfkyfwdkY tdrfaxmifjyKaomtcg tb,f t&mESifh wlygoenf;/ - uREfkyfwdkY\ ajr;jrpfrsm; &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufjcif;&Sdaomtcg uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf tb,ft&mESiw hf yl goenf;/ - aemuf q H k ; &moD O wk ü twl w uG &S d a eMuaomtcg uREf k y f w d k Y \ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf tb,ft&mESifh wlygoenf;/ tu,f í oif o nf aph p yf a Mumif ; vrf ; xm;jcif ; od k Y r [k w f r*F v m &ufowfrw S x f m;aom vlysKw d pfa,mufjzpfonfqykd gu tem*wfü oifvckd siaf om td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f oif u d k , f w d k i f taetxm;ES i f h tb,f r Qavmuf &nf&G,fxm;Edkifygoenf;/ oifonf rdbjzpfapjcif;? b@ma&;ESihf tjcm;t&mrsm;twGuf yef;wdik rf sm; wnf a xmif x m;ol j zpf o nf / þt&mrsm;onf BuD ; rm;aom &nf & G , f c suf ½kyfyHkrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&mrsm;onf oif\a&G;cs,fjcif; oif\pHEIef;tm; jzifh axmufuljyKayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtjyif wpfaeY NyD;wpfaeY oif\tavhtxtm;jzifh axmufuljyKayvdrfhrnf/ atmuf azmfjyygar;cGef;rsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ -

oifonf vpOf bwf*sufaiGrsm;udk tb,fodkYaom tcsdefESifh tb,fodkY udkifwG,fvdrfhrnfenf;/ tb,fodkYaom tm;vyfjcif;trsKd;tpm;udk oif,lxm;vdrfh rnfenf;/ xdkYtjyif xdkt&mrsm;twGuf oiftb,fodkYBuHpnf vdrfhrnfenf;/

90 -

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tb,fodkYaom &TifjrL;jcif;ESifh vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udkoifonf twlwuG tb,fodkY0rf;ajrmuf&vdrfhrnfenf;/ oif\r,m;ESifh &ufowfrSwfzdkY oiftb,fodkY qufvufaqmif&Guf vdrfhrnfenf;/ oif\r,m;ESifhtwl cGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;rsm;udk oiftb,fodkY ajz&Sif; ay;vdrfhrnfenf;/ oif\om;orD;rsm;ESifh tb,fodkYtcsdefudk toHk;jyKvdrfhrnf enf;/ oifwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;onf tdrfjyif&Sd wm0efxrf;aqmifolrsm; aemufodkY trSDvdkufzdkYvdkcsifaeMuygovm;/ tu,fí xdkodkYjzpf onfqdkygu þt&monf oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;&moDOwkudk uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; tm;jzifh uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm ½Ijrifvdrfhrnfvm;/ oifonf tjcm;t"duusaom yef;wdkifrsm; odkYr[kwf tcsif;csif; tjcm;0efxrf;olwpfO;D pDukd oifonf tb,foaYkd xmufyhH ay;vdrrhf nf enf;/ tb,fodkYaom ynma&;qdkif&m trsKd;tpm;onf oifudk,fwdkif twGuftrSDvdkufvdrfhrnfvm;/ oif\om;orD;rsm;twGuf oiftrSD vdkufrnfvm;/ tb,fodkYaom tyef;ajza&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf oif\ om;orD;rsm;ESifh &,lEdkifapvdrfhrnfvm;/ olwdkY \ yifudk,f pGrf;&nfESifh pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;udk oifonftb,fodkY vG,fvifhwul jzpfapvdrfhenf;/ oif\ud, k u f m, okccsr;f omtwGuf oifonf tb,foYkd &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf HS vdrfhrnfenf;/ (avhusifhcef;? tem;,ljcif;? t[m& tp&Sdonf wdkYjzpfonf/) oif\ 0dnmOfa&;&m okccsrf;omtwGuf oifonf tb,fodkY &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHvdrfhrnfenf;/ oif\om;orD;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\ ÚmPfynmü xGm;usKdif; vmzdkY oiftb,fodkY jr§ifhwifay;vdrfhrnfenf;/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh oif\rdom;pkonf ywfvnfü&Sd aom avmuDom;rsm;twGuf tb,fodkY tusKd;tjrwfjzpf xGef;apvdrfhrnf

91 enf;/ (oif\vkyfief;ae&mrsm;? tdrfeD;em;csif;rsm; vlrItzGJUtpnf; rsm; oif\toif;awmftp&SdonfwdkYjzpfonf/ txufü a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; oif\xl;jcm;aom tBuHtpnf onf ajymif;vJjcif;jzpfwef&mvdrfhrnf/ oifonf bk&m;ocif\ ÚmPfynmü BuD;&ifholjzpfonfhtwdkif; tqifhqifhzGHUNzdK;BuD;yGm;vmonf/ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk pkaqmif;xm;yg/ xdkt&monf tvGefaumif;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif 4if;onfr&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ oifonf tBuHtpnftwGuf yHkMurf;wpfckudk wnfaxmifoljzpfonf/ pHEIef;ESifhtnD oifudk,fwdkifqufuyfxm;oljzpfonf/ xdkt&monf tb,fodkYa&muf&Sdvmjcif; twGuf tajccHrlvyifrjzpfonf/

{0&ufawmifudkwufjcif; av,mOfysHwpfpD;ay:odkY a&muf&SdoGm;aom vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfck taMumif; udk pOf;pm;Munfyh g/ c&D;pOfEiS phf yfvsO;f í pdwv f yI &f mS ;aeMuol rsm;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif olwdkYonf tb,fae&modkYoGm;&rnfudkrodolrsm; jzpfonf/ olwdkYodxm;aom t&mtm;vHk;rSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ þav,mOf yso H nf Bu;D rm;aom pGepYf m;rIwpfco k Ykd olwt Ykd m; o,faqmifvrd rhf nf/ olwu Ykd xdo k x Ykd ifrw S Mf uonf/ olwo Ykd nf aEG;axG;aom ae&mwpfcsKdUodkYOD;aqmif oGm;onf[k xifrSwfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYonf a&ul;t0wftpm; udkom0wfqifxm;Muonf/ xdkYtjyif naeydkif;ü tat;rdjcif; aMumifh ayghyg;aomacR;xGufaq;wpfcsKdU aqmifxm;Muonf/ ysHoef;csdef em&Daygif; rsm;pGm MumNyD;aemufydkif; olwdkYa&mufvdkaom ae&modkY qdkufa&mufoGm;yg onf/ eDaygEdkifiHodkY qif;oufoGm;onfudkom awGUvdkuf&onf/ tylydkif;a'owpfck jzpfonf[k awG;xifxm;Muonf/ taysmfc&D; oGm;jcif;onf ajymif;vJoGm;ygonf/ {0&ufawmifudkwufzdkY tvGefcsrf;at;aom ajcusif c&D;pOfwpfckodkY ajymif;vJoGm; ygonf/ &Sif;vif;pGm BudKwifjyifqifxm;Mu olrsm;r[kwfay/ pGefYpm;jyKvkyf&aom c&D;pOfESifh xdkodkYjzpfaom opömrJhjcif; wpfckudk wm0ef,lzdkY BudKwifjyifqif xm;jcif;r&SdMuay/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkY onf csufcsif;tdrfodkY OD;wnfvdkufMuonf/ vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk yifv,furf;ajcodkY oGm;aom c&D;pOfwpfckuJhodkY ½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif 4if;onf awmifxdyfwpfckodkY a&mufatmif wufoGm;jcif;ESifhwlygonf/ 4if;onf pdwfx<u &Tifvef;apjcif;ESifh

92 qkay;jcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif 4if;onf cJ,Of;aom tvkyfjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif yHkaqmifcsufonf tenf;i,faom oa&mfzG,f wpfckudk jrifawGUEdkifpOf tawm twGif; tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\ tzdwftpif EIef;xm;onf trSefpifppf {0&ufawmif wuform;rsm;xuf ESpfq,fhig;Budrfajrmufomí jrifhrm;ygonf/ {0&ufawmifwuform;rsm;onf tdrfaxmifjyKaom vifr,m;pHkwGJrsm; xuf tb,fhaMumifhomí ajrmufjrm;pGm atmifjrifMuygoenf;/ tb,fah Mumifh qdak omf olwo Ykd nf c&D;pOftwGuf ½lyg½H&k jdS cif;aMumifjh zpfonf/ tb,fodkYarQmfvifh xm;&rnfudkodxm;Muolrsm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh atmifjrifoGm;Muonf/ tao;pm; rkefwdkif; oem;n§mwmjcif;uif;aom avwdkufcwf jcif; at;cJaeaom tylcsdefESifh awGUBuKH &aomtcg xdwv f efjY cif;r&So d rl sm; jzpfonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tdraf xmif jyKjcif;rsm; usqHk;oGm;&jcif;twGuf 0rf;enf;p&maumif;onf/ vufawGUppfrSefaom arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;r&Sdjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ ½lyg½Hkr&Sdjcif;aMumifh usqHk;oGm;&onf/ xd k t &monf xd k u f w ef a omt&mjzpf o nf / ,ck t cg oif \ tBuH t pnf u d k wnfaxmifzt Ykd csed f ,lyg/

aumif;rGefpGmjyKvkyfjcif; oif\ordik ;f aMumif;udk xkwaf zmfjyojcif;jzpfonft h wdik ;f oif\ ½lyg½Ht k Murf; xnfukd bk&m;ocif tus,cf sUJ ay;ygvdrrhf nf/ xdt Yk jyif 4if;twGuf vSywifw h ,faom wefqmqifjcif;ESihf xnfo h iG ;f ay;ygvdrrhf nf/ od&Yk mwGif olonftoufwmudk b,faom tcgrQ bk&m;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom t&mudkrav;rjrwf jyKvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/ oifEiS o hf ifrh ,m; wnfaqmufxm;aom toufwmjzpfonf/ prf;oyfppfaq; jcif;onf oif\ordik ;f aMumif;udk zsuq f ;D ypfzYkd bk&m;ocif\ BuKd ;pm; tm;xkwrf EI iS hf wlonfukd oifcpH m;&Edik o f nf/ xdt Yk jyif oifonfwjznf;jznf; ,d, k iG ;f ysupf ;D jcif; odrYk [kwf a'goESihf olt Y m;MumyGwEf iS ½hf u kd zf Ykd aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;apEdik o f nf/ od&Yk mwGif xdt k &mudo k ad om bk&m;ocifonf oif\pHpk rf;ppfaMum jcif;ydik &f iS f r[kwaf y/ oif\aumif;pm;a&;twGuf t&mcyford ;f udk twlwuG tvkyv f yk af ombk&m;jzpfonf/ (a&m? 8;28 udzk wfygav) ud, k af wmf\ 0dnmOfEiS u hf , kd af wmf\ aus;Zl;awmfonf oifu h b kd ,faomtcgrQ pGeyYf pfxm; vdrrhf nfr[kwaf y/ uwdawmfxm;onfrmS xdo k jYkdzpfonf/ oifrwwfEikd af om pHpk rf;ppf aMumjcif;wpfct k m;jzifo h ifomG ;zdY k b,faomtcgrQ cGijyh f Kvrd rh f nfr[kwaf ombk&m;ocifjzpfonf/

93 bk&m;ocifonf opömESifhjynfhpHkawmfrlonfjzpfí oifwdkYrcHEdkifaom pHkprf; aESmuf,Sufjcif;udk oifwdkYü a&mufpdrfhaomiSg tcGifhay;awmfrrl/ oifwdkY onf;cHEdkifrnfhtaMumif; pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;t&mESifh wuG xGufajrmuf aomvrf;udkvnf; pD&ifjyKjyifawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ (1aum? 10;13) oifonf t&m&mwdkif;ESifhwlaom cHpm;csufrsm;&SdEdkifaom umvrsm;wGif wpfo;D wpfjcm; usqif;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif tu,fíoifonf arQmv f ifjh cif; yef;wdkifudk vufqkyfvufudkifjyKxm;oljzpfonfqdkygu oifonf rkefwdkif;rsm;\ tajctaeudk ajymif;vJapEdik o f jl zpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif oifonf rkew f ikd ;f rsm;tajctaeudk ajymif;vJay;vdrrhf nf/ vlom;tm;vH;k jyKvyk í f ajymqdMk uaomtcg oifonf ocif\ ajymaompum;rsm;udk Mum;&vdrhf rnfrmS om"kopöm&Sdaom i,fom;aumif; oifonf trIi,fü opömapmifh avNyD/ (róJ 25;23) ocifbk&m;u ]]om"kopöm&Sdaom i,fom;aumif;}}[k ajymygonf/ ]]pHkvif jynfh0aom i,fom;aumif;}} [lí ajymjcif;r[kwfyg/ 4if;onf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;onfr[kwyf govm;/ þtoufwmü rnfonfh t&mudrk qdk jynf0h pHv k ifpmG vrf;aMumif;jyEdkifolrsm; wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&Sdyg/ odkY&mwGif tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESifh toufudk aumif;rGefpGmjyKvkyfEdkif Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ þt&monf xdkodkYt"dyÜg,f oufa&mufygonf/ uREfkyf wdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk vrf;jyEdkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ usef;rmoefpGrf;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk vrf;aMumif; ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif; jcif;rsm;rS ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifh oif,lxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ udk,fawmf\ taumif;qHk; vufcHxm;zdkY bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfonf ta&;wBuD;aqmif&Gufaeygonf/ tu,fíoifonf þvrf;aMumif;ü avQmufvSrf;zdkYa&G;cs,fxm; onfqdkygu oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf &Sifoefjcif;xufomíyif jyKvkyfvdrfhrnf/ 4if;onf aumif;pm;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf aumif; jrwfjcif;tm;jzifh oifhudkawGU jrifvdrfhrnf/ ,HMk unfjcif;ESihf onf;cHjcif;tm;jzifh uwdawmfwu Ykd kd tarGc&H aom olenf;wl usiEhf ikd rf nfh taMumif; xdo k aYkd om vHv Yk 0D&, d udx k w k í f tqH;k wdik af tmif ,Hrk mS ; jcif;ESiu h f if;aom arQmv f ifjhcif;ESih f jynfph ak H pjcif; iSg igwdt Y k vd&k Mdu S \/ (a[NA6J ;11-12)

94 oif\tdraf xmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifonf uwdawmfü tarGcjH zpfzYkd oif h u d k t vd k & S d o nf / ud k , f a wmf \ 0d n mOf a wmf a y;aom arQmf v if h j cif ; ud k vJavsmif;íxkwfazmfaMunmyg/ oif\r,m;ESifh twlonf; cHjcif;&Sdyg/ oif\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf tb,fojYkd zpfvmjcif;ü ,HMk unfjcif;&Syd g/ pHv k ifjcif;r&Sad om vlESpfOD;aMumifh bk&m;ociftb,fodkYjyKvkyfEdkifjcif;tm;jzifh oifonftHhMoap& ayvdrrhf nf/ bk&m;ocifonf tjyKoabmaqmifaom tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk Muifem oem;jcif;&Sdonf/ BuD;jrwfaom ordkif;aMumif;&Sdolrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtb,fodkY pwifjcif;ü&So d nf r[kw?f olwt Ykd b,foYkd tqH;k owfjcif;ü &Sad eMuolrsm;jzpfonf/

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zefqif;jcif;ü txl;uRrf;usifaom vufpGrf;vufpwpfck tb,fhaMumifhenf;rlum; igwdkYonf aumif;aomtusifhwdkYudk usifh &rnfhtaMumif; a,½Ic&pfü jyKjyifzefqif;awmfrl&mjzpfMu\/ xdkaumif; aomtusifhwdkYü igwdkYonfusifvnf&rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYudkjyifqifawmfrlESifhNyD/ -({zuf? 2;10) bk&m;ocif zefqif;xm;aom t&m&mwdkif;onf &nf&G,fcsuf&Sdygonf/ oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tygt0if &nf&G,fcsuf&Sdygonf/ udk,f awmf\ 0dnmOfyk*¾dKvf awmf tm;jzifh oiftoufwmü yg0ifa&m,Sufjcif;jzpfonf/ oif\ tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;onf txl;uRrf;usifaom vufpGrf;vufp wpfckudkjyKvkyfvdkaom bk&m; jzpf o nf / oif o nf aph p yf v rf ; aMumif ; vrf ; xm;ol od k Y r [k w f vl y sKd b 0ES i f h aexd k i f a om tcsd e f u mvtaMumif ; ud k jyef í pOf ; pm;Munf h y g/ oif o nf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk tb,fodkYjyefvnfí ½lyg½Hkxm;ygoenf;/ oif\pdwf0dnmOfESifh ESvHk;om;xJü&Sdaom pdwful;ÚmPfESifh pHkvifaom yHk&dyf um;csyfonf tb,fodkY jyKvkyfxm;ygoenf;/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

95 oif o nf jyef v nf í ½l y g½H k x m;jcif ; xuf oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; onf tb,frQavmufomí uGJjym;jcm;em;ygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bk&m;ocif\yHkpHonf y#dnmOfwpfckjzpfzdkYtwGuf tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;jzpfonf/ þt&monf &Snfvsm;aom toufwmwpfckjzpfonf/ ]]uREfkyfwdkYtpdwf tydkif;u aoonfhwdkifatmif}} oabmwlxm;onf/ y#dnmOfxJü tkyfpkwpfckpDwdkYonf vufajr§muft½HI;ay;jcif;? 0efcHjcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;olrsm;twGuf 4if;\t&if; tjrpftm;vHk;udk urf;vSrf;ay;jcif;jzpf onf/ wpfOD;wnf; aomyk*¾dKvf\ tcuftcJ rsm;onf tjcm;ol\ tcuftcJrsm;jzpfvm jcif;jzpfonf/ opömjyKcsufwpfckpDudk tuG,t f umjyKzjYkd zpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif olw\ Ykd rdwzf ufrsm;onf tb,foYkd vdt k yfjcif; rqdk BudKwifpDrHcefYcGJjcif; jzpfonf/ pma&;q&mES i f h w&m;a[mq&mjzpf o l r sm;jzpf a om ]]abmh ( yf ) ES i f h atmf'&Drdkifpem}} wdkYonf y#dnmOfjyKjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í þxdk;xGif;odjrif jcif;rsm;udk a0rQxm;onfrSm y#d n mOf j yKjcif ; onf bk & m;ocif E S i f h q d k i f a om t&mwpf c k j zpf o nf / y#d n mOf j yKjcif ; ü avQmuf v S r f ; jcif ; aumif ; csD ; r*F v mtaMumif ; ud k or®musrf;pmu &Sif;vif;pGm ajymxm;onf/ bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfaom tusiphf ½du k ?f use;f rmjcif;? &Snv f sm;aomtoufwm ,HMk unfu;kd pm;jcif;ESihf vH k N cH K jcif ; ? b@ma&;aumif ; csD ; r*F v mES i f h bk & m;ocif r suf E S m om ay;jcif;tygt0if jzpfonfAsm/ rSefaom y#dnmOfjyKjcif; ywf0ef;usif wpfckü uREfkyfwdkYonf toufwmü&Sad om pdeaf c:csurf sm;udk jyefowd&jcif; ESihf uREykf w f \ Ykd usqif;oGm;jcif;udk 0efcHzdkYvGwfvyfaom cHpm;csufjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf uREykf w f o Ykd nf½;kd om;ajzmifrh wfjcif;twGuf jiif;y,f jcif;cH&rnfr[kwo f nfukd odxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdktcg uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ usqif;oGm;jcif;udk atmifjrif ausmfvTm;zdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; ulnDrpjcif;ESifh arwåmtm;jzifh trSefw&m; taMumif;udk ajymzdkY vGwfvyfaom cHpm;csuf&Sd olrsm;jzpfonf/ tcuftcJrsm;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYESifh avQmufaomumv tawmtwGi;f vGwv f yfaom cHpm;csuf

96 &Sad om r,m;rsm;jzpfonf/ þt&monf 4if;\taumif; qHk;wGif&Sdaom c&pfawmftm;jzifh &SifoefvQuf&Sdaom y#dnmOfjyKjcif; jzpfonf/ y#dnmOfjyKjcif;taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í bk&m;ocifonf oifhudk tb,fodkYajymyg oenf;/ uREfkyfonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;? y#dnmOfwpfckESifh aysmfydkufjcif; &SdolwpfOD; jzpfygovm;[lí oifudk,fudkar;Munfhvdkufyg/ uREfkyfonf xdktawGUtBuHKESifh jyKvkyfzdkY tb,fodkYqE´jyif;jyaeolwpfOD; jzpfygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bk&m;ocifonf oif\ y#dnmOfjyKxm;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf wefcdk;awmf ESifh jynfhpHkaom &nf&G,fcsufwpfck&Sdonf/ oifESifhoifh r,m;\ tvGefuGma0;aom aemufuG,fü qdkufa&mufaeaom &nf&G,f csufjzpfonf/ oif\aoG;pnf; nDñGwfjcif;onf pm&mESifhtmNAH[HuJhodkY jzpfapvdkaom bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/ uGma0;aom t&yfü&Sad om ud, k af wmf\ arwåm awmfESifh or®mw&m;udk tem*wf umvtxJodkY apvTwfay;zdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyf\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk tusKd; oufa&mufapaom ocifb&k m; jzpfonf/ tb,foYkd tusK;d oufa&mufjcif;&Sad om xdkt&mudk pGefYypfxm; jcif;jzpfygvm;/ oifhudk,fudk ar;Munfhyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------acwå&yfíqkawmif;yg/ ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfbk&m; uREfkyfonf ocifbk&m; csay;aom uREf k y f \ MoZmvT r f ; rd k ; rI a tmuf ü &S d a omol r sm;ES i f h ajr;jrpf r sm; om;orD;rsm;twGuf oif\y#dnmOfjyKjcif;udk tb,fodkY csJUxGifay;Edkif ygoenf;/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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97 em;anmif;yg/ udk,fawmf\ ñTefMum;csufudka&;csyg/ vdkufem aqmif&GufzdkY udk,fawmf\ aus;Zl;awmfudk awmif;cHyg/

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98 rD;üvnf;aumif;? a&üvnf;aumif;? oGm;&aomfvnf; aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh <u,f0 jcif;odkYa&mufMu\/ - qm? 66; 10 - 12 ighnDtpfudkwdkY oifwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;t&monf onf;cHjcif;udk yGm;apwwfonf[o k rd w S v f Quf txl;xl;tjym;jym; pHpk rf;aESmuf,u S f jcif;awGUBuHKaomtcg aphpyfpHkvifrnfhtaMumif;onf;cH pdwfonf tukeftpif jyKjyifygap/ - ,mukyf? 1;2-4? owif;pum;jzpfonf/ ysufpD;wwfaoma&Tudk ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;xuf oifwdkY,HkMunfjcif;udk ppfaMumpHpk rf;jcif;t&monfomíjrwfonfEiS hf a,½Ic&pfay:xGe;f awmf rlaomtcg tcsD;trTrf;*kPftoa& bkef;tmEkabmftvdkYiSgjzpfrnfhtaMumif; txl;xl;tjym; jym;aom pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;udk cH&aomtaMumif;&SdvQif oifwdkYonf ,ckcPcH &í 0rf;enf;aomfvnf; txufudkqdkcJhNyD;aom aus;Zl;awmfudkaxmufí &Tifvef; aom pdwf&SdMu\/ -1ay? 1;7 oifESifhoif\r,m;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh &ifqdkifawGUBuHK&aom 'ku©a&muf apjcif;rD;zdkwpfcktaMumif; (½IyfaxG;ayGvDjcif;rD;zdkwpfck) udk tusOf;csKyfa&;om; azmfjyyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfbk&m;onf txufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm; tm;jzifh oif? oif\r,m;ESifh oif\tajctaetaMumif;udk tb,fodkYjyo xm;aeyg oenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oif\rdwfzufESifhtwl tb,fodkYrSm;,Gif;jcif;jzpfonfudkodjcif; onf oif\ ajymif;vJjcif;udk ulnDrpvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ oif\txJodkY pum;ajym zdkY tb,fodkYvdktyfjcif;jzpfonfudk odjcif;tm;jzifh ajymif;vJjcif; pwifjcif; jzpfonf/ acwå&yfíqkawmif;yg/ oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfb&k m; uREfkyf\ pdwf0dnmOfESifh

99 ESv;kH om;xJü tb,foq Ykd ufvufomG ;aeygoenf;/ oifonf ajymif;vJzYkd tb,frQ avmuf &SmazGaeygoenf;/ trSew f &m; r[kwaf om xdt k aMumif;udk uREykf u f , kd w f ikd f trSefwu,f ,HkMunfjcif;&Sdygovm;/ oif\toHudkMum;&zdkY uREfkyftm;rpyg/ oif\ynwfawmfrsm;twdkif; vdkufemapmifha&SmufzdkY uREfkyftm;rpawmfrlyg/ c&pfawmf\ emrawmfjrwfü qkawmif;ygonfbk&m;/ tmrif/ or®mw&m;wnf;[laom oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf uREfkyfESifh pyfvsOf;í zGifhvSpfay;onfrSm ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ta&;,laqmif&u G jf cif;&Sad om oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfonf ,l wif0wf aqmifzYkd uREfkyftm; vHIYaqmfjcif;jzpfonfrSm ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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103 vif r ,m;pH k w G J a e&mrsm;twG u f trnf a y;yg/ oif E S i f h o if h r ,m; twl w uG aysmf y d k u f a omae&mjzpf o nf / oif o nf v G w f v yf a om td r f r uf a e&mrsm;ud k acsmifcsdatmifjyKvkyfapyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oif\wm0efrsm;taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ xdkYaemuf ae&mwpfck odkYr[kwf omírsm;aom ae&mrsm;udka&G;aumufyg/ oifonf tdrfruf jcif;aeY&ufrsm; twGuf tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJEdkifaomae&mjzpfonf/ twlwuG tdrfrufjcif;onf oifwdkY\ESvHk;om;rsm;rS ½dk;om;ajzmifh rwfjcif;udk a0rQzdkYoifESifh oif\rdwfzufudk cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&S;rqGu pDrHcefYcGJay;jcif;? rsufESmomay;jcif;? ÚmPfynmESifhcGeftm;BuD; jcif;tm;jzifh oif t wl w uG vk y f E d k i f a omtH h M ozG , f t &mrsm;ud k jyef v nf í ½l y g½H k x m;yg/ oif\vdkufemjcif;udkomí xdxda&mufa&mufjzpfatmif jyKvkyfzdkY vifr,m;pHkwGJ wpfckjzpfonfhtwdkif;oifonf tb,fodkYvkyfEdkifyg oenf;[lí pma&;q&m ]]ab;vfESifhAefzm&,f}}wdkYu ar;ygonf/ t&JpGefYapyg/ oifjyKvkyfaom &moDOwkudk odzdkYjzpfonf/ oifonf wnfaxmif xm;aom yef;wdkifrsm;wpfck taMumif;udk a&;cszdkYvdktyfygonf/ tdrfruf jcif;udk tb,fodkY vdkufrSDonfudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyyg/ yef;wdkifwpfckonf bk&m;ocif\ rpjcif;ESifh twlNyD;ajrmuf atmifaqmif&Gufjcif; vufawGU trSefw&m;jzpfjcif; ESifh xl;jcm;csuf&Sd&ayrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf aemufwpfaeYpmzwfpOftawmtwGif;omí rsm; aomyef;wdkif tpD t pOf t aMumif ; ud k aqG ; aEG ; &Muygvd r f h r nf / taMumif ; rS m ,ck t cg oif\ESvHk;om;xJütb,ftdrfrufrsm;&Sdygoenf;/ tcsif;csif; wpfa,muf ES i f h w pf a ,muf rd w f o [m,zG J U jcif ; ES i f h p yf v sOf ; í oif \ vd k v m;awmif ; w csufrsm;taMumif;udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ vkyfief;rS tem;,ljcif;? tdrfwpftdrf wnfaqmufjcif;? 0efxrf;jcif;ESifh ynma&; b@ma&; vHkNcHKrI&Sdjcif; tdrfaxmif rdom;pkudk jr§ifhwifay;jcif; tp&Sdaom acgif;pOfrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/

104 uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf uREfkyf\ tjrifhjrwfqHk;tdrfrufrsm;rSm ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------wpfcsdefuoifonf tdrfrufrsm;udk a&;csjcif;ESifh tdrfrufrsm;udk a0rQoljzpfonf/ olw\ Ykd Opömypön;f rsm;udk a0rQzYkd oif\ h r,m;udak wmif;cHyg/ xdt Yk jyif xdt k &mrsm;udk a&;csyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif;twGuf uREykf w f aYkd 0rQaom tjrifjh rwfq;kH tdrrf ufrsm;rSm ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------]]oifodaom rnfonfht&mrqdk bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfEdkifonfudk owdw&xm;yg/ oiftpOftNrJ pOf;pm;Munfjh cif;xufomí a0;uGmygonf/ oif\tqd;k qH;k tdrrf uf tm;jzifh awmif;cHyg}} {zuf? 3;20 udkzwfygav) qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh oif\ tdrfrufudk ocifbk&m;tm; qufuyftyfESHyg/ xl;jcm;aom oif\ajcvSrf;rsm;udk pwifjyozdkY awmif;cHyg/ qkawmif; jcif;tm;jzifh oifonf ,laqmifoGm;zdkY pwifEdkif onf/

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105 a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ av;eufaom ½lyg½Hkwpfckonf oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; twGuf av;eufaom vufawGUtrSefw&m;tdrfruf wpfckjzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,f oufa&mufygonf/ taMumif;rSm tb,fodkY jzpfaom oifESifhoif\ rdwfzufonf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfESifh ñTefMum;csuftm;jzifh twlwuG jzpfvmEdkifonf/ rdom;pkwdkifyifcHolygarmu©ESifhpma&;q&mjzpfol ]]tdyfcsfaemfref½dkuf}} u ½lyg½Hk\ acgif;pOftwGuf wefz;kd &Sad om xd;k xGi;f ÚmPftaMumif;udk urf;vSr;f ay;onfrmS ]]½lyg½Hkonf twdwfumvu wefzdk;&Sdaom oif,ljcif;? jzpfEdkifacsrsm;ESifh acwfa&pD;aMumif;tajctae jzpfysufjcif;rsm;\ pl;&Sxufjrufaom todtjrifwpfckydkifqdkifxm;jcif;\ xl;jcm;aom 0daoovu©PmESifhtwl BudKwifajrmfjrifwwfaom ÚmPfuJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyEdkifygonf/ ½lyg½Hkonf jrif&aom t&mudkjyKvkyfjcif;ESifh rjrif&aomt&mudk jrifae&ouJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyEdik o f nf/ 4if;onf t&m&mwdik ;f jzpfEidk af om enf;vrf;twGuf oif\ ESvHk;om;ü av;eufaom yef;csDum;wpfcsyfudkqkyfudkifxm;jcif;jzpf onf/ odkYr[kwf vmrnfhaeY&ufumvrsm;ü qkyfudkifxm;&ayvdrfhrnf/ ½lyg½Hkonf ,ckxdwdkifrjzpfao;aom tajctaersm;twGuf a&;qGJxm; aom yHk&dyfwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf ypöKyÜefumv odkYr[kwf twdwf umvESifhtwl &&Sdxm;aom EGHESpfjcif;xuf tem*wfumvtwGuf OD;wnf;aom qHkcsufxm;zdkYwwfEdkifaponf/ ½lyg½Hkonfbk&m;ocif\ ñTeMf um;csuEf iS hf vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf mPmtyfEiS ;f jcif;ESit hf wl omíaumif;aom tem*wfwpfckzefqif;jcif;jzpfpOf jzpfonf/ atmifjrifaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;½lyg½Hkwpfckonf t<uif;rJhrSefuefonf/ rjzpfp avmufaom t&mwpfcsKdUusoGm;jcif;onf jyefvnfoifhjrwf EdkifzG,fpHEIef;rsm; r[kwfonfrSm xkdodkYjzpfonf/ oifESifhoif\rdwfzufonf aphpyfajyNidrf;jcif;r&SdbJ apmifhxdef;zdkYqE´jyif;jyaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

106 þt&mrsm;onf b,faomtcgrQ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpf a,muf ESdrfhcsjcif; r&Sdjcif;? cGifhvTwfzdkY tpOftNrJ qE´jyif;jyjcif; a<u;NrDr&Sd aexdkifjcif; tpGrf;ukef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;udk a&Smif&Sm;jcif;ESifhwlaom t&mrsm;yg0ifEdkifygonf/ ½lyg½HktwGuf ]]½dkuf}}\ a&;om;azmfjycsufudk jyefí aemufwpfacgufzwfyg/ þt&monf oifhudktb,fodkY pum;ajymygoenf;/ oifESifh oif\rdwfzufonf aemifvmrnfhESpfü BudK;pm;&,lvdkaomt&mrsm;&Sdonf/ oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; twGuf a&wdkpDrHudef;yef;wdkifwpfcsKdU&SdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGufoif\ ]]tv,ftvwfqifh½lyg½Hk}}&Sdonf qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ aemufxyfig;ESprf S q,fEpS t f xd txajrmuf atmifjrifNy;D pD;zdYk twGuf oifonf tb,fodkYaom yef;wdkifrsm;udk ESpfoufygoenf;/ vufawGUtppf trSew f &m;jzpfapygESihf xl;jcm;aom vu©Pm &Sad pygudjk yefí owd&yg/ oifMunfv h kd aomt&mudk qHkrSwfxm;yg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf oif\ ]]a&&Snftqifhtwef;½lyg½Hk}} &Sdonfqdk onfrSmtb,fenf;/ aemufxyf ESpfaygif;ESpfq,frS oHk;q,ftxd BudK;pm;&,lzdkY twGufoifonf tb,fodkYaom txl;&S,fyef;wdkifrsm;udk ESpfoufygoenf;/ c&D;oGm;jcif;? tm;vyf&uftcGifhta&;rsm; odkYr[kwf "r®trIaqmifvkyfief; tcGifh ta&;rsm; ajr;jrpfuav;rsm;vkyif ef;rS tem;,ljcif;tp&Sad om taMumif; t&mrsm; udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xd½k yl g½Ho k nf csed ;f csuaf om tcsed Ef iS q h f ik d í f trIuek &f aomumvudk qdv k \ k d / rkom;ESih f uif;vGw\ f / qdik af omfvnf; arQmv f ifah vmh/ aemufrusbJ {ueftrSeaf &mufvrd rh f nf/ [AuúKwt f em*wåu d sr;f 2;3

107

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108 jcif;twGuf oif\½lyg½Hkudk uefYowfay;zdkYoifonf owdkYorD;udk tb,fodkY cGifhjyKxm;ygoenf;/ oifhtwGuf bk&m;ocif odkavSmifxm;aom tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;udk0efcHzdkY tb,fodkYajymif;vJjcif; udk jyKvkyfvdrfhrnfenf;/ 4/ jrifjh rwfjcif;txJo0Ykd ifí Bu;D yGm;wd;k wufvmaom xdak ysm&f iT af omtdrf axmifjyK jcif;ESifh usef;rmaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wdkYü ½lyg½Hk&Sdonf/ aumif;aom ½lyg½Hk wpfco k nf vufawGUtrSew f &m;jzpfaom tBuH tpnftxl;&S,w f pfck tm;jzifh axmufuljyKjcif;jzpfonf/ vifr,m;pHkwGJ wpfckpDwdkYonf olwdkY\ udk,fydkif tpDtpOfudk "avhxHk;pHtwdkif;jzpfap Muonf/ vifESifhr,m;ESpfOD; pvHk;onf jynfh0pHkvifaom xdkt&mudk ppfaq;MunfhzdkY0efcHMuonf/ r&Sdrjzpfvdk tyfaom tao;pdwf½lyg½Hkwpf ck&Sdaom ae&mü tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; {&d,me,frsm; wpfcsKUd udek mrnfay;yg/ xl;jcm;aomtpDtpOfwpfcu k kd rSww f rf;wifzYkd touf&iS f jcif; taMumif;&if;ESifh 4if;onf tb,faMumifh vGefpGmaxmufuljyKjcif;jzpf &ygoenf;/ tcsdefESifh ae&mwusjzpfatmifvkyfjcif;? tvkdufoifh jyKjyifajymif; vJ ay;zdkY½lyg½HktwGuf 4if;onf tb,faMumifh ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ OD;aqmifolrsm; - oif\tkyfpkonf [AuúKwf 2;2-3? okwåH? 29;18 udkzwfxm; ygovm;/ 5/ róJ? 25;23ü ]]opöm&Sad omi,fom;aumif}} jzpfol tapcHonf ocif,rkH w S í f tyfESHxm;aom ]]aumif;aypG}} udk b@mpdk;jcif;twGuf trdefYay;jcif;jzpfonf/ pHv k ifpmG tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk jyKvyk jf cif;onf aumif;aypGt&mudk jyKvyk jf cif;ESihf uGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ pHkvifaom arQmfvifhjcif;wpfckonf aumif;aypG jyKvkyf xm;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rS uREykf w f t Ykd m; tb,fox Ykd ed ;f odr;f apmifah &SmufEikd f ygoenf;/ xdt k &mudk aumif;rGefpGm jyKvkyfjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ pHEIef;twGuf tb,foYkd t"dygÜ ,foufa&mufygoenf;/ uREw fk \ Ykd oabmxm;onf tb,foYkd enf;/ rSm;,Gi;f jcif;twGuf uREykf w f \ Ykd wkejYf yefcsuo f nf tb,foeYkd nf;/

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122 jyLwif;aygufwpfcEk iS hf ysupf ;D oGm;aom a&cJaowåmwpfv;kH tygt0if ywfywfvnf ü ysufpD;oGm;aom udk,fum, oufaoyifjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY txJü&Sdaom arQmfvifhjcif;udk aysmufuG,foGm;apjcif;r[kwfay/ olonf wefqmqifjcif;udk &Sif;vif;atmif vkyfay;zdkY uREfkyfwdkY\ rSm;,Gif;jcif;rsm;udk tcGifh ta&;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJay;jcif;tm;jzifh a&G;Ekwfu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,f odkYjzpfaomtv,ftvwf &efolonf uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk zsufqD;ypfzdkY jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tb,fodkY a&muf&Sdvmrnfht&m rsm;twGuf tajccH tkwfjrpfwpfckuJhodkY toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ tpOftNrJ ½kef;uefrIrsm;jzpfonf[k ajymMuaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYonf þtao;pdwfoGefoifjcif;rsm;txJodkY 0ifí b,faomtcgrQ aysmufuG,foGm; vdrrhf nfr[kwaf y/ ,cktcgomí rsm;aomowif;tcsut f vufrsm;udk a0rQaeMu olrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk cGifhvTwfyg&ef awmif;yefjcif;r[kwfay/ od&Yk mwGif oifu h x kd o kd Ykd cGet f m;ay;zdjYk zpfonf/ ajymif;vJjcif;onf jzpfysuEf ikd yf gonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyifuREfkyfwdkYonf xdkt&mudkodxm;Muonf/ tm;vHk;r[kwfaom tvGJoHk;jcif;onf tqHk;owfaysmf&Tifjcif;wpfck&Sdygonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkYonf ol\om;orD;vHkNcHK rIr&Sdaom ae&modkYr[kwf olwdkYtwGuf ab;uif;jcif;r&Sdaom tajctae wpfckESifhaexdkifzdkY rnfonfha,mufsm;rqdk odkYr[kwf rnfonfhrdef;rrqdk wdu k w f eG ;f cGet f m;ay;aeMuolrsm;r[kwaf y/ tu,fí oifonf þodjYk zpf onfqykd g u ab;uif;vHkNcHKaomae&mwpfckudk,lxm;vdkufyg/ &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdygESifh/ ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI&Sdygap/ oifvdktyfaom trtptultnDudk &,lxm;yg/ wpfcP wmtcsdefwGif þt&mudkomí wdk;rsm;apyg/ þpdefac:aeaomESpfrsm;twGif; uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; arQmfvifhjcif;uif;rJhaom tjrifvu©Pm&Sdonf/ ESpfaygif;oHk;q,f Mumonfw h ikd f uREykf w f o Ykd nf tpOftNrJ ,cifuaysm&f iT jf cif;xufomí toufwmudk twlwuG &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufapolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf tHhMozG,faumif;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,fjyKvkyfaom wefcdk;awmftwGuf tb,foYkd {ueftrSejf zpfaom y#dnmOfw&m;wpfcjk zpfonf/ þt&mudk xdo k aYkd jymzdYk r[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkY onf vrf;c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; pkaygif;xm;aom csKdifh0Srf;rsm;ESifh awGUBuKH jcif; r[kwMf uay/ od&Yk mwGif þt&m uREykf w f o Ykd x d m;Muonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf cspfzdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom olrsm;jzpfonfhtwdkif; bk&m;ocifonf tcsif;csif;

123 wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muftm;jzifh uREkfyftm; o,faqmifvmzdkY opöm&Sd aombk&m; jzpfonf/ ,cktcg oif\rdwo f [m,zGUJ jcif;onf tjriftm;jzifh tb,ft&m ESifh wlonfudk uREfkyfwdkY odxm;jcif;r&Sday/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkae&mü arQmfvifh jcif;&SdaMumif;udk oifhtm;pdwfcsaocsmapEdkifMuolrsm;jzpfonfAsm/ bk&m;ocifESifh pyfvsO;f íoif\ESv;kH om;udk ajymif;vJvu kd yf g/ oifEiS hf rdwo f [m,zGUJ zdYk bk&m;ocif udk cGifhjyKyg/ oifonf oif\r,m;udkajymif; vJay;Edkifjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifajymif;vJay;Edkifonf/ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk bk&m;ocif&Sd&modkY ajymif; ay;vdkufyg/ tu,fíoifonf jyKvkyfzdkYbk&m;ocifudkcGifhjyKvdrfhrnfqdkygu olonf wifhw,fvSyaom ajymif;vJjcif;wpfckpwifygvdrfhrnf/

tvGJoHk;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom pum;wpfcGef; uREfkyfwdkYonf þpum;wpfcGef;udk &Sif;vif;atmif vkyfvdkMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ a,mufsm;wdYk xdt k &monf oif\r,m;ESihf ud, k u f m,wyfrufjcif; &,lzo Ykd ift h wGuf b,faomtcgrQ aumif;vdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ oifonf tm;enf;oloabfmBuD;uJhodkY olrudk *kPftoa&&Sdapaomoljzpfonfudk or®musrf;pmuajymygonf/ (1ay?

3;7 udzk wfygav) oif\r,m; pdwv f yI &f mS ;jcif; odrYk [kwf uk, d u f m, wyfrufjcif;udk wdkufcdkufjcif;onf yifvQif qifwl,dk;rSm; pdwfcs&eftaMumif;&Sdaom wm0ef0wå&m; r[kwaf y/ tu,fí oifjyKvyk rf nfqykd gu ta0;odo Yk mavQmufvrS ;f vdu k yf g/ ud, k f um,wyfrufjcif;tm;jzifh rwkefYjyefygESifh/ tu,fí xdkt&monf olr\ wdu k w f efjcif;udo k m vufpm;acsjcif;jzpfonfw h ikd f rwkejYf yefygESi/hf odrYk [kwf oifonf oif\ r,m;,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;udk rif;b@mawmftjzpf odrf;,l&vdrfhrnf/ olronf oifvufarmif;xJüomí &SnMf umvHNk cKH aomcHpm; csu&f v dS rd rhf nfr[kwaf y/ tu,fíoifonf oif\r,m;ESifhpyfvsOf;í tvGJoHk;pGJcJholjzpfonfqdkygu csuf c sif ; bk & m;ocif a&S U awmf a rS m uf ü aemif w &yg/ cG i f h v T w f j cif ; twG u f oif\r,m;udkawmif;cHyg/ r,m;wdkY oif\cifyGef;onf obm0w&m;ESifhqdkifaom vdkvm; awmif;w jcif;onfoifhudktumtuG,fay;zdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tvGefaumif;aom þ&nf&, G cf sut f wGuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom trsK;d om; rsm;tm; txufwef;usaom

124 cGeftm;ay;xm;onf/ oifonf a'goxGuf jcif;twGuf or½dk;us tH0if*Gifus jzpfapzdkY oif\cifyGef;ESifh udk,fum, wyfrufjcif; wdkufcdkufrItaMumif;udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ ab;uif;jcif; umv &SnfMumvmonfESifh trQ olwdkYonf ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aeaom udk,fum,wyfrufjcif;udk ab;tEÅ&m,f oifha&mufapjcif; r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif olYtwGufoif\ wdkufcdkufjcif;onf ysufjy,fapaomt&m jzpfonf/ trSm;odkYr[kwf trSefjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf wdkufcdkufaeMuaomtcg trsKd;om;rsm;onf udk,fum,tm;jzifh wm0ef,lzdkY eef;BudK;oG,fay;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muftwGuf tqdk;0g;qHk;ukd jzpfay:vmapjcif; odkYr[kwf jzpfyGm; vmapzdkY vdkvm;aeMuolrsm; r[kwfay/ taumif;qHk;ukd o,faqmifvmay;zdkY vdkvm;aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ tu,fí oifonf oif\cifyGef;ESihf pyfvsOf;í tvGJoHk;cJholjzpf onfqkdygu aemifw&yg/ xdkodkYjzpfaom tjyKtrlukd csufcsif;&yf xm;vdkufyg/ oifonf tMurf;zufaom ,Ofaus;aomtdrfaxmifrdom;pkrS BuD;jyif;vm ol j zpf a umif ; jzpf y gvd h r f r nf / oif \ rd o m;pk o nf ud k , f u m, wyf r uf r I u k d tvGo J ;kH pm;jcif;odrYk [kwf pdwv f yI &f mS ;rIukd tvGo J ;kH pm;jcif; pum;tm;jzihf tvJo G ;kH pm; jcif;wm0efysufuGufoljzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf þtaMumif;ukd oiht f m; odapcsiaf omolrsm;jzpfonf/ þt&monf y#dyu© jzpfjcif;ukd ajz&Si;f ay; zdYk b,faomtcgrQ use;f rmBuUH cdik af om enf;wpfck jzpfvrd rhf nfr[kwaf y/ c&pf,mef wdkifyifcHpum;ajymMu jcif;onf usef;rmBuHUckdifaom enf;vrf;wpfcktm;jzihf rdom;pktdrfaxmifESifh pdefac:csufrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;zdkY vdktyfaomwefqmyvmrsm; ukd oihftm;ay;Edkifonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom toif;awmfrsm;onf þacgif;pOf rsm;ESihf ao;i,faom tkyfpkrsm;avhvmMuzdkY urf;vSrf;vmMuonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m ulnDrpjcif;ESihfwwfuRrf;olrsm;ukd&SmazGzdkY b,faomtcgrQ &SufaMumuf jcif;r&Sdyg ESihf/ þt&monf vifr,m;ESpfa,mufpvHk;twGuf oGm;aeygonf/ tu,fí oif\r,m;onf oihf0ef;usifü ab;uif;jcif;r&Sd[k cHpm;ae&onfqkdygu olwdkY\ yl;uyfjcif;rS oifudk,fwdkif y,f&Sm;ay;vkdufyg/ olwdkY\ jyefvnfudk;pm;jcif;ukd jyefvnfí atmifEkdifa&;twGuf tvkyfvkyfyg/ olwdkY onf pGefYpm;ae&onf[k cHpm;&aom ae&mü rnfonfhwnfaxmifzGJUpnf; xm;jcif;ürqdk twif;"r® tjyef tvSefpum;ajymzdkY rBudK;pm;MuygESihf/tu,fí oifjyKvkyfaeonfqdkygu wjznf;

125 jznf;us,fjyefYvmaom t&mrsm;jzpf vmvdrhfrnf/ oifonftrsm;qHk; jzpfwef&m aom wpfpHkwpf&mudk jyKvkyfyg vdhrfrnf/ aemufydkif;ü oifonf 0rf;enf;jcif;odkY a&muf&ygvdrhfrnf/

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cGifhvGwfjcif;onf tusOf;om;wpfOD;tm; vGwfvyfjcif;wnfaxmif ay;zdkYjzpfonf/ tusOf;om;wpfOD;jzpfaom oifonf xkdt&mukd tptOD; &SmawGUjcif;jzpfonf/ -vl;0d(pf)? bD? pruf( pf) xkdt&monf pnf;azgufaom oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü wefqmqifjcif;rS &Si;f vif;atmifjyKvyk zf Ykd yxrOD;qH;k vkt d yfaom t&mjzpfonf/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf pnf;azmufjcif;onf tvGefqdk;0g;aom tqdyftawmufjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf þwpfckwnf;aom jyóemukd þtcef;BuD;ü aqG;aEG;ajymqdkzdkY tcsdefrsm;pGm oHk;jzKef;&ayvdhrfrnf/ cGifhvTwfjcif;twGuf jiif;qdkjcif;wpfckonf uREfkyfwdkY\ oem;Muifemjcif;udk uG,f0Sufxm;jcif;ESihf vGwfvyfjcif;ukd cdk;0Sufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ uvJhpm;acsjcif; twGuf rdatmifvdkufzrf;&mü arSmufrSm;apaom aysmfarGUjcif;ukd ,laqmifxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ eufeo J rd af rGUjcif;tm;jziho f m twlvu kd yf gvmaom tqH;k r&Sad om ar;cGe;f wpfckjzpfonf/ cGifhvGwfjcif;twGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;onf pnf;azmufjcif;ESihf pnf;azmufolESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGuf vGwfajrmufjcif;\ aqmif&Gufcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ cGiv fh w T jf cif;onf vHak vmufaom tpm;ay;jcif;udk vufc&H &Sx d m;onhw f ikd f csKyfwnf;xm;&vdrhfrnf[lí ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;u,HkMunfjcif;&SdMuonf/ ]]olwdkYajymif;vJoGm;aomtcgü uREfkyfonf xdkolwdkYtm; cGihfvTwfjcif;&Sd&vdrhfrnf}} [lí ajymaomoltb,frQavmufrsm;jym;ygoenf;/ okdY&mwGif bk&m;ocif\ Edik if aH wmfü cGiv hf w T jf cif;onf a&G;cGifh &St d qdrk [kwaf y/ ¤if;onf toufwmtwGuf wpfckwnf;aom vrf;c&D;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfomí cGihfvTwfjcif;&Sdavav aumif;uifbHkü &Sd awmfrlaom crnf;awmfbk&m;ESihfomí wlvmavavjzpfonf/ tu,fí uREykf w f o Ykd nf ud, k af wmf\ Bu;D jrwfjcif;twGuf ud, k pf m;vS,af wmfjzpfapzdYk

126 oGm;aeMuonfqykd gu uREyfk w f o Ykd nf cGiv hf w T jf cif;wefc;kd awmfukd ayGUydu k x f m;&rnf/ &Sifaygvku MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf;rSmxm;onfrSm wpfa,mufüwpfa,muf tjypfwifp&mtcGihf&SdvQif tcsif;csif;onf;cHí tjypfudkvTwfMuavmh/ c&pfawmfonf oifwdkY\tjypfudk vTwfawmfrlouJhodkY xdkenf;wljyKMuavmh/ (aumavmoJ? 3;13) þt&monf rMumcPrsdKcszdkY cJ,Of;ygonf/ xdkt&monf tBuH jyKcsuf wpfckr[kwf? trdefYawmfwpfckjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif cGifhvTwfjcif;onf cRif;csufr[kwf odkYr[kwf cGihfvTwfjcif;onf tuefYtowfr&Sday/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; jypfrSm;aom rnfolYudkrqdk cGihfvTwfzdkYajymygonf/ ordkif;aMumif;\ tqHk;owfjcif; jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fwkdifjypfrSm;jcif;rsm;twGuf jypfvTwfjcif;ESihf wpfeyf pmvGwfajrmufjcif;udk rMumcPjyKvkyfwwfMuonf/ xkdYtjyif tvm;wl jyKvkyfzdkY tjcm;olrsm;tm; arQmfvifhxm;wwfonf/ xdktcgü uREfkyfwdkYonf tjcm;olrsm;\ trSm;rsm;ukd cGihfvTwfjcif;ay;zdkY omírsm;pGm cufcJaMumif;udk awGUjrifMu&onf/ txl;ojzifh uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;\ tjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfzdkY rsm;pGmcJ,Of;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif cGihfvTwfEdkifjcif;r&Sdaom rnfolrqkd cGifhvTwfjcif;onf tb,fodkYolwdkY\ tjypfukd jypfvTwfvdkufygaMumif; arhaysmufjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYrsm;teuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;onf arhaysmufjcif;ESihf wpfudk,faumif;trSefw&m;jzpf vm&jcif;rSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;onf xm0&i&Jjynfü tcsdefjzKef;zdkY xdkufwefolrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESihf pyfvsOf;í uREfkyfwdkY\ pnf;azmufjcif; onf tvGefpnf;pepf usonfrSm xkdodkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ¤if;\ tusdK; tjypfrsm;ukd uajymif;ujyefjzpfzdkY wpfyg;wnf;aom om;awmfukd qufuyf ylaZmfzdkY jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfonf um;wkdifxufrS ol\tjypfajzjcif; taMumif;udk ajymcJhyg onf/ cg;oD;jcif;onf a0;uGmí omívG,fulaom a&G;cs,fjcif; wpfckjzpfvdrfhrnf udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\ tjyKtrlrsm;onf udk,fawmf\ cGihfvTwfjcif;ESihf xdkufwefjcif;rwdkifrD uREfkyfwdkYtm; jypfvTwfoljzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif uREfkyfwdkYonf tjcm;olrsm;twGuf xkdenf; wljyK vkyfzdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf oifhudk,HkMunfpdwfcsavmufatmifvkyfzdkY jzpfaumif; jzpfap vdrrfh nfr[kwo f nfrmS xdo k jYdk zpfonf/ oif\r,m;onf pHv k ifjcif; r&Syd g/ pHv k ifaom

127 olrsm; wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdygAsm/ odkY&mwGif rSm;,Gif; jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfukd csUJxGifzdkY tcGihfta&;rsm;udk zefwD; ay;onf/ cGihfvTwfjcif;twGuf uREykf w f \ Ykd qE´jyif;jyjcif;onf c&pfawmf uREykf w f EYkd iS t fh wl&jdS cif; oufaorsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/

xdckdufemusifjcif;udk csrf;omay;jcif; uREfkyfwdkYonf OD;pGmyxrtdrfaxmifjyKaomtcg uRefr (vDZm) onf jypfrIxif&Sm; aom qdk½dk;pum;ajymqdkaeMuolrsm;tMum;ü &Sdaeoljzpfonf/ qdk½dk;pum;rSm ]]uREfkyfonf oifajymif;vJjcif;&Sdaomtcg oifhudk cGihfvTwf jcif; &Sdygvdrhfrnf}}[lí jzpfonf/ *Refonf ol\tjyKtrlukd jyKjyifajymif;vJ jcif;&Sdonhfwkdifatmif ajy;vTm; aeaomol \ pnf ; azmuf j cif ; twG u f uRef r \pm&if ; onf quf v uf í om xGm;BudKif;vmygvdhrfrnf/ csKyfwnf;xm;aom cGifhvTwfjcif;onf ajymif;vJjcif; txJodkY0ifíolYtm; EdI;xvdrhfrnf[k uRefrawG;xifxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif xkdt&m onf vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmr&Sdjcif;? arQmfvihfcsufuif;rJhjcif;ESihf jypfwifajymqdkaom cHpm;csufonf olYukdpGefYypfvdkufygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oltb,fodkY cGihfvTwfjcif;taMumif;ukd uRefrtm; jyoxm;aomtcg t&m&mwd k i f ; onf ajymif ; vJ o G m ;ygonf / ud k , f a wmf \ cGihfvTwfjcif;onf avsmhayghajymif;vJjyifqifaom trlt,mtwGuf qkvmbfwpfck r[kwfay/ ¤if;onf pdwfcs&apjcif;twGuf rJay;jcif;wpfck jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif onf c G i f h v T w f j cif ; twG u f uRef r \em;vnf j cif ; uk d jyef v nf o pf v G i f a pjcif ; jzpfonft h wdik ;f olonfwpfcw k nf;aomol\ ESv;kH om;xif[yfjcif;ESit fh wl uRerf \ yg;pyfESihfajymaompum;ukd jyefvnfí ae&mcsay;onfrSm xkdodkYjzpfygonf/ ]]oifajymif;vJvdkonfukd uREfkyf,Hk Munfygonf/ oihfukd uREfkyfcGihfvTwfonf/}} xdktcsdefü uRefronf *Refukd cGihfvTwfzdkY uRefrtwGuf tb,frQavmuf ta&;BuD;onfukd odxm;jcif;r&Sday/ aemufydkif;ü uRefr0efcHvdkufonfrSm xkdodkYjzpf ygonf/ cifyeG ;f onfEiS fh pyfvsO;f í uRerf \cg;oD;pGm rke;f wD;jcif;onf ajymif;vJjcif; &SdzdkY ol\t&nftcsif;ukd qefYusifí zufNydKif ppfwkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf ocifa,½IajymonfrSm -

128 tMuifol\ tjypfudk oifwdkYvTwfvQif xkdolonf tjypfvTwfvsuf&Sd\/ tMuifol\tjypfudk oifwdkYwnfapvQif xdkolonf tjypfwnfvsuf&Sd\/ (a,m? 20;23) &mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm þusrf;ydk'fudk tvGJtoHk;jyKcJhMuonf/ xdkYtjyif ESdyfuGyfjcif;ESihf aMumuf&GHUjcif;udk 0g'jzefYcsDzdkY wefqmyvmwpfcktxJodkY 0ifí &pfywfvdrf&Sufxm;Muonf/ þt&monf ocifa,½I\ BuH&G,fcsuf r[kwfay/ udk,fawmf\trIawmfvkyfief;cE¨mudk,fwpfvHk;udk avhvmMu aomtcg þpum;\ xl;jcm;aom 0daoovu©PmESihf &nf&G,fcsufudk em;vnfEkdifygonf/ ocifa,½I onf tjcm;rnfolxufrqdkomvGefyg onf/ cGihfvTwfjcif;wefzdk;ukd odxm;oljzpf onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkt&mtm;jzihf olonfjyefí roifhjrwfEdkifaom t&mESihf jyefvnfoihf jrwfapjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ 2aum? 8;17-20 t& bk&m;ocifonf avmuDom;rsm;tm; ol\ ay:xGef;vmjcif;ukd zefwD;jcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf jyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif; twGuf "r®trIawmfaqmifrsm;jzpfMu&onfudk jyefítrSwf&yg/ uREfkyfwdkY onf pnf;azmuf jcif;wpfcu k kd qufvufwnfNraJ pzdYk a&G;cs,jf cif;tpm; uREykf w f Ykd onf c&pfawmfurf; vSrf;ay;aom cGihfvTwfjcif;ukd csJUxGifjcif;ESihf ckdifrmjcif; &SdzdkYtv,ftvwf vlwef; pm;rsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ arQmfvihfjcif;ukd xkwfazmfaMunmzdkY &yfpJxm;Muonf/ xdkYtjyifwpfyg; wnf;aom ac:awmfrlaom olESihfoabmwlnD jcif; tpm;nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;twGuf usdefqJoljzpfvmMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkY onf opfvGifaom pwifjcif;wpfckudk urf;vSrf;ay;zdkY bk&m;ocifvdkvm; olrsm;tm; jypfwif ajymqdkjcif;ESihf qufpyfay;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½I\ ynwfawmf rsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í *sDt,fvf? NzdKcswf}} onf ol\tbd"mefusrf;ü xkdt&mudk þenf;vrf;ESihf csjya&;om;xm;onfrSm ]]xl;jcm;aom tqihftwef;wpfckudk todtrSwfjyKzdkY vkdtyfygonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ jypfvTwfjcif;ukd xkwfazmf aMunmjcif;onf twdwfumv olwdkY\ tjypfjyKjcif;rsm;ukd eHab;wpfavQmufü wnfaxmifxm;zdkY vGwfvyfaom vlrsm;txJü&Sdygonf/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf bk&m;\ ñTefMum;csufatmufü xajrmufaom c&pfawmfESihftwl &Tifvef; 0rf;ajrmufaom touf&Sifaexkdifjcif;twGuf olwdkY\tm½Hkodjcif;rsm; ajymif;vJ apjcif;ESihf 'kp½dkuftwGuf cHpm;csufjzpfonf}} [k zGifhqkdxm;onf/

129 cGihfvTwfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpf aom udk,fwkdifqufuyftyfESHjcif;udk awmif;qdkjcif;xuf tjcm;aumif;jrwfjcif; r&Sdawmhay/ ¤if;onf tjypf&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;atmif jyrnhftpm; xdckdufepfem apjcif;twGuf todpdwfESihf a&G;cs,fjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif udk,fwdkifylaZmf qufuyf&mü uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ ayGUydkufxm;jcif;ukd awGUjrif&ygonf/ jypfvTwfjcif;udk a&G;cs,fjcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf cHpm;csufrsm;ukd OD;cszdkY jiif;y,f jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;twGuf rdrdudk,fudk tyfESHjcif; tpm; jiif;y,fjcif; jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;ukd cGihfvTwfapjcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf todtrSwfjyKjcif;twGuf olwdkYtm;tcGifhta&; zefwD;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif udk,fawmf\ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf omí xufjrwfvmzdkY bk&m; ocif\ zdwfac:csufudk vufcHjcif;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf aemifww&m;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifxo H aYkd &mufvm aomtcg uREfkyfonf bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/ ESpfywftwGif;üomoifonf þt&mudk xyfrHí jyKvyk rf nfukd uREykf o f o d nf}} [lí wkejYf yefrnfr[kwf yg/ ol&iS ;f vif;pGm ajymrnfrmS ]]igonf oifu h kd cGiv fh w T o f nf}} jzpfygonf/ ajymif;vJjcif;twGuf vkyyf ikd cf iG t fh mPm ukd uREykf w f t Ykd m; urf;vSr;f ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREykf w f \ Ykd tem*wf b0xJodkY 0ifí usqif; jcif;taMumif; ajymjcif;r[kwfay/ arQmfvihfjcif;taMumif; ukd xkwfazmf aMumnmaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ½kef;uefrIwdkif;tay:uwdawmfxm; aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf xkdenf;wlpGm jyKvkyf MuygpdkY/

oifh\ 0dnmOfudk yGihfay;jcif; pnf;azmufjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ 0dnmOfrsm;ukd ydwfxm;zdkY uREfkyf wdkYtm; jzpfyGm;apaom t&mjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ tm;oGefcGefpdkufBudK;pm; tm;xkwfjcif; onf xyfrHí wpfBudrfxdcdkufemusifjcif;&&SdzdkY r[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ESvHk;om; ywfvnfü eH&rH sm;wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ þeH&rH sm;onf uREykf w f t Ykd m; uG,u f m onf[k awGUxifxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif vufawGUtppf trSefw&m;ü olwo Ykd nf vufczH x Ykd uf uREykf w f \ Ykd pGr;f &nfrsm;ukd wm;qD;zdjYk zpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfudkay;jcif; jzpfonf/ udk,fawmf\arwåmrygbJ uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwm

130 rsm;onf wefckd;awmfESihf &nf&G,fcsuftwGuf Avmew¬djzpfoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/ uREfkyf wdkY\ yef;wdkifonf udk,fwdkifxdef;odrf;xm;jcif;jzpfayvdrhfrnf/ xkdYtjyif uREfkyfwdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf twåqefjcif;udk pdrhfxGufoGm;vdrhfrnf/ aemufqHk;ü uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;onf rmaMumaom ausmufwHk;uJhodkY jzpfvmygvdrhfrnf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í uGJjym; jcm;em;jcif;r&Sad omtm;jzihf rSw, f jl cif; cH&ayvdrrfh nf/ þt&monf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;awmftwGuf zDvmqefYusif bufoabmukd EdIif;,SOfazmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ oifonf *gvdvJyifv,ftrnfemrudk todtrSwfjyKEdkifonf/ xdkY tjyif yifv,fao trnfudkvnf; todtrSwfjyKEdkifygonf/ þt&mrsm;onf £oukv EdkifiHü tus,fjyefYqHk;aom yifv,fESihf a&xkxnftBuD; qHk;yifv,fESpfpif; jzpfonf/ vltrsm;odxm;ygonf/ *gvdvyJ ifv,fonf ajrmufyikd ;f a&udk vufcx H m; jcif;jzpfonf/ ajrmufrSawmifodkY pD;qif;vmaom a&jzpfonf/ þpOfqufrjywf pD;qif;aom a&onftoufwm twGuf tusdK;jzpfxGef;apaom *gvdvJyifv,fudk zefwD;ay;onf/ xkdYtjyif a&wGiftrsdK;rsdK;rSDwif;aexdkifaom tarGtESpfrsm;udk ¤if;\a&e,f edrw d t f wGi;f xGe;f um;apjcif;jzpfonf/ yifv,faoESifh EdiI ;f ,SOMf unhf jcif;tm;jzihf a&rsm;om&Sdaom yifv,fjzpfonfudk awGU&onf/ ¤if;udkt&m&m wdkif;uvufcHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a&udk xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf yifv,faoonf xGufaygufr&Sdjcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ ao;i,faom bufwD;&D;,m;ydk;aumif;xufomírsm;aom t&mwpfpHk wpf&mr&Sdyg/ rdIrsm;onf ¤if;\iHaom t&omESihf &SifoefEdkifygonf/ xdkt&yfü¤if;\trnfjzpfonf/ pnf;azmufjcif;udk vuf0,fxm;&Sdaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf yifv,faoESihf wlnDjcif;jzpfvmygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ydwfxm;jcif;cH&aom 0dnmOfonf touf&Sif aexdkifjcif;onfyifvQif odkYr[kwf BuD;xGm;xGef;um;vmEdkifaom aumif;aom t&mr&Sad omae&mywf0ef;usirf sm;jzpfvmzdYk uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ukd jzpfymG ; apEkdifygonf/ cGifhvTwfjcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;ukd jyefvnfyiG x fh m;ay;ygonf/ xdaYk Mumihf bk&m;ocif\ wefc;kd awmfonf uREykf w f t Ykd m; jzihf uREfkyftxJü pD;qif;Edkifonf/ rvTJra&Smifomaom cGifhvTwfjcif;ukd vufcHjcif;ESihf ay;tyfzdkY jiif;qdkjcif; wpfckonftouf0dnmOftwGuf tqdyftawmufjzpfapjcif;odkY vrf;jyydkYaqmifay;

131 jcif;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf ud, k w f idk jf ynh0f pHv k if olrsm; r[kwMf uay/ wpfyg;wnf; aom bk & m;ocif o m jynh f 0 pH k v if j cif ; &S d o nf / uREf k y f w d k Y \ touf & S i f j cif ; cGeftm;onf toufay;aomolrsm;ESihftwl oHpHknDnmaom vJvS,fjcif;wpfckudk awmif;qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf vGwfvyfpGmvufcHjcif;ESihf vGwfvyfpGm ay;vSL&ayrnf/

cGihfvTwfjcif;twGuf uefYowfcsufrsm; uREfkyfonf cGihfvTwfjcif;w&m;twGuf pOfqufrjywfvdktyfjcif;&Sdaom uREfkyf\r,m;ESihf wlnDaom cHpm;csuf&Sdoljzpfonf[lí oifxifaumif;xif ygvdrhf rnf/uREfkyf\ cGihfvTwfjcif;onf ukefcrf;Ekdifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkae&mü tuefYtowf wpfckjzpfapzdkY jzpfonfAsm/ wynhfawmfrsm; tvm;wlpGm awG;xifMuonfrSm xdt k cg ayw½konf csn;f uyfí ocif? nDtpfuo dk nf tuREykf u f kd jypfrmS ;í tuREfkyfonf ol\tjypfudk b,fESpfBudrfvTwf&ygtHhenf;/ ckESpf BudrfajrmufatmifvTwf&ygtHhavm[k ar;avQmufaomf a,½I uckESpfBudrfajrmufatmifvGwf&rnfigrqdk/tBudrfckESpfq,fckESpfvD ajrmuf atmif vTwf&rnfigqdk\/ (róJ? 18;21-22) &Sifayw½konf þar;cGef;ukd ar;aomtcg olonfoabmxm;BuD; jrwfEdkifoavmuf BuD;jrwfjcif;&Sdonftwdkif; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ &Siaf yw½konf tb,foYkd ajymaom ynwfw&m;atmufü Bu;D jyif;vmol jzpfonf/ ynwfawmfrSm ]]oif\ rsufpdonf roem;&/ touftwGuf toufudk ¤if;rsufpd twGuf rsufpdukdvnf;aumif;? oGm;twGuf oGm;udkvnf;aumif;? vuftwGuf vufudkvnf;aumif;/ ajctwGufajcudkvnf;aumif; 'Pfay;&rnf/ xkdYaMumihf &Sifayw½konf ckESpfBudrfajrmuf atmifcGifhvTwfzdkY urf;vSrf;ay;aomtcg ]][kwfyg onf/ ayw½ka& oifonf xkdt&mukd &&Sdxm; oljzpfonf}} [lí ocifa,½IajymzdkY arQmfvihfxm;ol jzpfonf/

132 uREfkyfwdkYonf "r®opfusrf;&Sd tjcm;ae&mrsm;ü a&;om;xm;onfudkod& onfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ jypf'PfrS vGwu f if;zdYk &Siaf yw½k\ urf;vSr;f awmif;qdjk cif; onf tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGmaom ta&twGufwpfckjzpfonf/ wpfaeYwnf;ESihf wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk cGifhvTwfzdkY vdktyfEdkifonf[k awG;xifxm;oljzpfonf/ (vk?

17;3-4 udk zwfygav) xdkYaMumihf ]]ckESpfBudrfckESpfvD}} cGihfvTwfzdkY ocifa,½I\ wkefYjyefcsufonf pnf;azmufjcif;wrf;wpfcktwGuf ol\tm½HkjyKcsufonf cGihfvTwf jcif;twGufomí jrihfjrwfaom cGihfvTwfjcif;wpfckomr[kwfay/ ocifa,½Ionf xkdcGihfvTwfjcif;udk &Sifayw½kESihf qufoG,fay;jcif;jzpfonf/ cGihfvTwfjcif;onf twdkif;twm r&Sday;&ygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½Ionf tqihftwef;wpfckü tjypfvkyfzdkY wpfpHkwpfOD;twGuf a&;om;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olwo Ykd nf wpf&ufwnf;ü pnf;azmuftBurd af ygif; (490) &Sdonfudk 0efcHMu&ygvdrhfrnfAsm/ vufzGmpGm xkdodkYtjypfvkyfzdkYjzpfonf/ oif\r,m;onf oihfukd usL;vGef zdkY wpfBudrfvQif oHk;rdepfcefYom&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ oifoGm;í tdyfzdkYwpfckckudk a0rQjcif;jzpfonf/ txajrmufNyD;pD;zdkY jzpfwef&m&Sdaom rnfolxufrqkd omítjypfvkyfol ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ tu,fí oif\r,m; onf wpf&ufwnf;üyif tBudrfaygif; (490) xufrenf; oihfudkqefYusifí tjypf vkyEf ikd o f nfqykd gu xkt d &monf tBurd af ygif; (490) pnf;azmufNy;D aemufyikd ;f oif onf xkdolwdkYtm; cGihfvTwfjcif;ukd &yfxm;Ekdifonf[kt"dyÜg,f oufa&mufrIr&Sday/ or®musrf;pmxJü ckESpfta&twGufonf jynhfpHkjcif;ukd yHkaqmifonf/ txl;ojzihf aumif;uifESihf ajrBuD;tMum; jynhfpHkjcif; yHkaqmifcsufjzpfonf/ ocifa,½ItoHk;jyKaom (490) ta&twGufonf ckESpfvDwdk;yGm; vmjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdt&mudk Mum;odapzdkY uREfkyfwdkYonf vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; cGifhvTwfzdkYjzpfonf/ aumif;uifbHkü &Sdawmfrlaom crnf;awmfbk&m;\ pHEIef;ukd vkdufemaqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfonf/ þ&ufa&maom cGiv fh w T jf cif;onf wpfcw k nf;jzpfEidk af om t&mjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf uREfkyfwkdYonf c&pfawmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifESihftwl jyefvnfwnfaqmufxm;jcif; aMumifhjzpfonf/ olYtm;jzihf crnf;awmfbk&m;ESihf ol\om;orD;rsm;tMum; qDavsmfnDñGwfjcif;&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumihf uREfkyfwdkYonf cGihfvTwfjcif;twGuf vkyfydkifcGihftmPmtyfESif;jcif;cH&Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf uREfkyfwdkYonf topfaom ESvHk;om;rsm;ESihf topfaom zefqif;cH owå0g rsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;onf udk,fawmf\ cGihfvTwfjcif;udk

133 vGwfvyfpGm vufcHxm;Muonf/ xkdYtjyif 0dnmOfcGeftm; BuHUcdkifa&; wnfNrJzdkY tpDtpOftwdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf tjcm;olrsm;twGuf vGwfvyfpGm urf;vSrf;ay; &ayrnf/ ocifa,½Ionf ukefcrf;Edkifjcif;r&SdjzpfapzdkY uREfkyfwdkY\ cGihfvTwfjcif;ukd vkcd sio f nfukd uREykf w f o Ykd x d m;Muonf/ taMumif;rSm&Siaf yw½kEiS fh pum;tjyeftvSef ajymqdNk y;D aemufyikd ;f ocifa,½Ionf cGiv hf w T jf cif;&Sd aom bk&ifwpfyg;taMumif;ESifh cGifhvTwfjcif;r&Sdaom i,fom;wpfOD; taMumif;ukd &Sif;vif;ajymqdkjcif;tygt0if Oyrmawmfwpfckudk ajymjyonfrSm trsufxGufa<u;&SdorQukd rqyfrDwdkifatmif tmPmom;wdkY\ vufudk tyfvdkuf\/ oifwdkYonf nDtpfudktcsif;csif;wdkYukd pdwfESvHk;ygvsuf tjypfrvTwfvQif aumif;uifbükH &Sad wmfral om ig\tbonf xdek nf;wloifwYkd udk pD&ifawmf rlvwåHU/ (róJ? 18;34-35) tu,fí uREykf w f o Ykd nf cGiv hf w T zf Ykd jiif;y,forl sm;jzpfonfqykd gu uREykf w f Ykd onf cGiv fh w T jf cif;ukv d ufc&H vdrrfh [kwaf y/ xdak e&mü cRi;f csuf r&Sad y/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf xdkt&mudk cGihfvTwfjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf tb,faMumihf vGefpGmta&;BuD; ygoenf;/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf cGihfvTwfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwdkYonfol\ obm0 Zmwd yl;uyfpGmae&jcif;ESihf bk&m;Zmwdukd &SmazGawGU&SdMu&jcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ yifudk,f&Sd&if;pGJvlom;txd 'ku©a&mufjcif;twGuf tuefYtowfudk ydrk í kd aumif;rGeaf polrsm;jzpfonf/ crnf;awmf\ yHo k @mefawmf ESihf yHu k u kd af tmif jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ cGihfvTwfjcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkY onf tvHk;pHkudk jyKvkyfMuonf/zdwfac:jcif;cH&Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ wm0efay;jcif;cH& olrsm;jzpf onf/ uREfkyfwkdYtm; cGihfvTwfolrsm;twGuf udk,fawmf\ wpfvHk;wpf0wnf; jzpfjcif;udk csJUxGifzdkYjzpfonf/ tu,fí oif\ZeD;onf onf cGihfvTwfjcif;twGuf xyfcgwvJvJ awmif;cHonfqykd gu xdt k cg bk&m;ocifonf ukocsr;f om ay;jcif; wefc;kd awmf&iS t f wGuf uk, d pf m;vS,f awmfwpfO;D jzpfapzdYk tcGit fh a&;ESit fh wl oihu f kd aumif;csD;ay;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/

134 pnf;azmufjcif;aumif;pOftaMumif;udk ydrk o kd v d ykd gu *Re\ f pmwefukd acG;ESifh ½SL;wdkufjcif;pmtkyfudk zwfygav/

wwd,aeY

wkdufcdkufwGef;vSefyg = *Ref\ udk,fawGU0w¬K

uREfkyfwdkYonf q,hf&SpfvMumanmif;vmaomtcg tcsif;csif; wpfa,muf ESihfwpfa,muf pnf;azmufvmMuaom uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü tcsdefumv wpfck&Sdonf/ tvm;wltjiif;tcHkajymqdkjcif;onf wpfcsdefNyD; wpfcsdefjyefvnf rsuEf mS jyifyiG v fh monf/uREykf w f o Ykd nf om;orD;rsm;a&SUarSmufü rodrom ½kww f &uf tjyif;txef xdk;oGif;jcif;udkyif jyKvkyfMuygonf/ wpfOD;wnf;aom om;BuD;u tb,fodkY jzpfysufoGm;jcif;ukd rrSwfrd owdr&awmhay/ ]]naepm tawmtwGif; þtaMumif;udk rajymjcif;udk oifESpfoufygovm;}} [laom ar;cGef;onf om;orD;rsm;ajymp&m jzpfvmygvdrhfrnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ xdcdkufemusifjcif;ESihf pnf;vHk;rIr&Sdjcif;onf rdom;pkwpfckvHk;ü oJoJrJrJjzpfaom wif;rmjcif;\ t&if; tjrpfrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif uav;rsm;onf rdom;pktdrfaxmifESihf ta0;rSm xrif;pm;aeMu&onf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf xH;k pHtwkid ;f acwfraDS om tcef;xJü tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,muf ESifhwpfa,muf rmefrJBudrf;armif;NyD;aemuf? wpfckaomnwGif uREfkyf (*Ref) onf tdrftjyifü ½kef;&if;qefcwfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf vDZmESihf pdwftvGefx<uygonf/ uREykf o f nf bk&m;ocifudk wdik w f ef;zdYk csucf si;f pwifvu dk yf gonf/ uREykf o f nf vDZm\ ysuu f u G jf cif;ESifh rsupf rd eI jf cif;twGuf nnf;nLrdygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rvdt k yf Edkifaom a0zefjcif;ESihf axmufuljyKEdkifjcif;r&Sdol ZeD;r,m; wpfa,mufESihf uREfkyf tm;pdwfb0if jr§ihfay;jcif;ESihfwlonf[lí uREfkyfcHpm;&ygonf/ tb,fodkYenf;/ uREfkyf tHhMordygonf/ uREfkyfonf þt&mESihfwlaom rdef;rESihftwl toufwmü qufvufoGm;Edkifygovm;/ uREfkyfonf bk&m;ociftb,fodkY wkefYjyefonfukd b,faomtcgrQ arhaysmufvrd rhf nfr[kwaf y/ oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfonf uREykf t f wGuf tb,foYkd 0rf;enf;jcif;cHpm;&onhftaMumif;ukd uREfkyftm; pum;wpfcGef; ajymjcif;r&dSay/

135 okdYr[kwf jyKvkyfay;jcif;r&Sday/ olonf tuREkfyftxJü &Sdaomemusifjcif; taMumif;udk ajymqkdygonf/ xdkxufru olonf uREfkyf tm; wdk;wdk;ajym onfrSm ]]om;a& igonf oifu h t dk vk&d ydS gonf/ vDZmESifh pyfvsO;f í oiftxl; av;jrwfaom t&mwpfcktaMumif;udk pOf;pm;yg/ xdktcg ¤if;twGuf ighukd aus;Zl;wifyg}} [lí ajymygonf/ xdkt&mukd wkefYjyefzdkYtwGuf uREfkyftm; wpfcPrQ ,laqmifoGm;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif aemufqHk;ü uREfkyfonf pum;vHk;ruGJwuGJ ajymvdkuf onfrSm ]]olronf aumif;aom rdcifwpfa,mufjzpfygonf}} [lí ajym vdkufonf/ pum;rsm;onf uREfkyf\yg;pyfrSxGufajy;oGm;onhftwdkif; uREfkyfonf pdwf0dnmOfxJü toufwm\ wuf<uvIyf&Sm;rIwpfckcHpm;vdkuf&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf qufvufajymzdkY uREfkyf tm;vHUI aqmfonf/ uREykf f ajymvdu k f onfrmS ]]ocifb&k m;? vDZm\ {ueftrSeaf umif; aom csufjyKwf olwpfa,muf jzpfjcif;aMumihf aus;Zl;wifyg\/ olr\vSywifhw,f jcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifyg\bk&m;/ omírsm;aompum;rsm; pwifpD;xGufvm jcif;jzpfonf/ pufaoewf wpfvuf\ tjrefEIef;ESihf vDZm\ aumif;aom t&nf tcsif;rsm;ukd aus;Zl;wifpGmjzifh qufvufajymqdkaeaom olwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ xdkt"dutcsufü uREfkyfonf vDZmESihf umvtwefMumatmif uarmuf urjzpfvmjcif;r&Sdawmhay/ uREfkyfonf rdrdukd,fESihf rdrduarmuf urjzpf&ol jzpfonf/ uREfkyfxifygonf/ oifonf oD;jcm;pHkvifol wpfa,mufjzpfonfAsm/ oif\r,m;onf tHhzG,faumif;aom rdef;r jzpfonf/ oifonf olrudk apmihfxdef; cJholjzpfonf/ oifürSm;,Gif;jcif;&Sd onfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ uREfkyfonf vDZmtm; tb,frQavmuf aMumufrufzG,fjyKpkcJhjcif;twGuf emusifpGmaom todtjrif&SdvmcJh &oljzpfonf/ olronf uREfkyfa&G;xm;aom ZeD;jzpfonf/ om;orD;rsm;\ rdcifwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif xHawmfrS t<uif;rJh aumif;cs;D r*Fvm wpfckjzpfonf/ uREfkyf\ ac:,ljcif;ESihf tqifrajyrIwpfckuJhodkY uREfkyfjyKpk cJhonf/ uREfkyfonf tdrfrSxGufcGmoGm;aomtcg vDZmonf uREfkyfudk auR;arG; jyKpkonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfonf olrESihf twl&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif ,cktcg uREfkyfonf oGm;zdkYomvdkcsifonf/ uREfkyfonf olYaMumihftb,frQavmuf aus;Zl;wifonfudk olrtm; ajymjyjcif;jzpfonf/ tdrfxJokdY w½SL;xdk;0ifa&mufoGm;oljzpfonftwdkif; uREykf u f , kd w f ikd f tawG;xJü uREykf o f nf aumif;rGepf mG vufcjH cif;jzpfEikd rf nfr[kwyf g/

136 odkY&mwGif olraMumifh uREfkyf tb,frQavmuf aus;Zl;wifaMumif;ukd ajymjyzdkYom jzpfonf/ wpfBurd t f rd u f dk a&muf&v dS monfEiS fh uREykf o f nf vDZmukd awGUjrif vdu k &f yg onf/ ]]vDZma&-uREfkyfvGefpGm 0rf;enf;ygonfAsm[lí atmfajymvdkufygonf/ uREfkyfonf xkdodkYjzpfaom qwfqwfxdk;oGif;jcif;wpfckudk jyKvkyfcJholjzpfonf/ aus;Zl;jyKí uREfkyftm;jypfvTwfyg/ oifonf tHhzG,f aumif;aom rdcifjzpfonf/ xl;cRefaumif;rGefaom ZeD;jzpfonf/ oifonf uREfkyf\ toJESvHk;ukd awmif;wol jzpfonf}} uREfkyf\ rSwfÓPfudk bk&m;ociftb,fodkY o,faqmifvmay;aMumif; a0rQoljzpfonf/ xdkYaemufolr\ xl;jcm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; xl;jcm;aom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf xl;jcm;aom qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;vHk;udk csD;rGrf;axmyemjyKjcif; pwifvu dk yf g onf/ a&pD;aom acsmif;wpfacsmif;uJo h Ykd uREykf \ f ESv;kH om;rS pum;rsm; pD;xGufvmygonf/ uREfkyfonf pum;ajymoljzpfonftwdkif; vDZmtm; El;nHhpGm ajymjyNyD; idka<u;zdkY pwifvdkufonf/ uREfkyftwGuf rodomaomoabm aqmifonf/ uREfkyfonf jyifyodkYa&mufaepOftwGif; olrqkawmif;ay;onfrSm ]]bk&m;ociftu,fí oifonf *Refudk jyefydkYay;jcif;ESihf olonfuRefrtm; ol\0rf;enf; taMumif;ukd ajymjyapol jzpfonfqdkygu uRefronf aemufxyfwpfzef uRefr\ ESvHk;om;ukd zGihfxm;ay;&rnhf oljzpfonf}} [lí qkawmif;onf/

(wkdufcdkufwGef;vSefyg - vDZm\udk,fawGU0w¬K) q,f&pS v f MumtawmtwGi;f touf&iS af om t&mrsm;onf vGepf mG tqd;k qHk;jzpfoGm;&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uRefronf vufxyfvufpGyf 0wfzdkY&yfxm; vku d yf gonf/ uRerf *Reu f dk ajymcsio f nfrmS xko d jYkd zpfygonf/ uRerf wdo Yk nf vufxyf xm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ aphpyfaMumif;vrf;xm;Mu olrsm;r[kwfay/ tb,fodkY jzpfonfrqdk xdkt&monf tv,ftvwfMuaom t&mjzpfonf/ uRefronf ,HMk unfjcif;&Szd Ykd pwifvu dk o f nfrmS xko d Ykd jzpfonf/ *Ret f wGuf uRerf üarwåmr&Syd g/ cGiv hf w T zf Ykd uRerf jiif;qdjk cif;onf aoG;at;at;ESifh Bu;D yGm;vmzdYk uRerf \ESv;kH om;ukd jzpfyGm;apjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif uRefrwdkY\ aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;onf BuD;rm; aom ab;tEÅ&m,f xJü&Sdonf/

137 xdktcsdefü *Refonf c&D;rsm;pGmoGm;oljzpfonf/ uRefronf tdrfrSm olESihfaysmfarGUjcif;xuf ta0;odkY a&mufoGm;aomtcgomí aysmfarGUjcif;&SdzdkY pwifvu kd yf gonf/ olonftjyifoYkd a&mufomG ;aomtcg b0onf omívG,u f v l m onf[lí uRefrawG;xifonf/ tdrfrSm&Sdwkef; olonfuRefrudk t½l;jzpfapol jzpfonf/ xkdt&mrsm;tm;vHk;onf wif;rmjcif;ESihf wkdufcdkufwGef;vSefjcif;jzpfonf/ t&JpGefYNyD; bk&m;ocifudk atmfidkzdkY uRefrpwifvdkufygonf/ bk&m; ocif? uRefrwdkYonf &yfwefYaejcif;wpfckodkYa&mufaeMuygonf/ *Refonf tm;vHk;ü ZDZmaMumifow l pfa,muf r[kwyf g/ oifonf ol\tjyKtrl tm;jzihf uarmufur jzpfaprnfukd uRefrodygonf&Sihf/ qufí qufíom uRefrajymygonf/ aeYpOfeD;yg; crnf;awmfbk&m; a&SUarSmufü uRefr\ trIaMumif;&if;ukd jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGifaemufqHk;ü uRerf Nird o f ufomG ;aomtcg crnf;awmfb&k m;\ pum;ukd uRerf Mum;vdu k &f ygonf/ ]]vDZma&? igonf oifhtwGuf pHkvifjcif;&Sdonf/ ightm;ajymjyyg}} [lí ajymonf/ yxrü uRefronf tenf;i,fwkefvIyfoGm;ygonf/ tu,fí uRefru bk&m;ocifonf pHkvifjcif;jzpfonf[líajymcJhonfqdkygu *Refonf ajymif;vJjcif; &Sdvdrhfrnfr[kwfygí ¤if;onf xdkodkYt"dyÜg,f oufa&mufygovm;/ uRefronf ajympum;rsm;ukd jyefí yJhwifoHxGuf atmifajymonfrSm ]]crnf;awmfbk&m; oifonf uRefrtwGuf pHkvifjcif; &Sdonf[lí jzpfygonf/ xkaYd emuf jyefqx kd m;aom ar;cGe;f ukd uRerf uk, d w f ikd f awGUjrifvu kd &f ygonf/ odkY&mwGif *ReftaMumif; tb,fodkYenf;/ aemufxyf uRefrMum;& jyefonfrSm ]]igonf oihftwGufpHkvifjcif;jzpfonfudk ightm;ajymjyyg}} [lí jzpfygonf/ ]]oifonf uRefrtwGuf pHkvifjcif;&Sdonf}} þpum;rsm;onf uRefrtwGuf xyfausmh&onftydkif;jzpfvmyg onf/ tcsdefwdkif; ½IyfaxG;ayGvDaeonf/ odkYr[kwf pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif; ay:aygufvm apygonf/ uRefrqkawmif;vdkufonfrSm ]]ocifa,½Ibk&m;? oifonf uRefr twGuf pHkvifjcif;&Sdonf/ tcsdefvGefoGm;onfESihftrQ Asm'dwfawmfonf uRefr\ ESv;kH om;xJü tjrpfw, G af eonf/ uRerf \ qkawmif;csurf sm;onf ajymif;vJjcif;odYk a&muf&SdoGm;ygonf/ usdK;yJhaom 0efcHjcif;wpfckuJhodkY trSefwu,f pwifvdkufjcif; jzpf o nf / (ocif a ,½I bk & m;? oif o nf u Ref r twG u f pH k v if j cif ; jzpf o nf ) bk&m;ocifüwnfaom a&mih&f aJ useyf jcif;twGuf jynhv f QjH cif;wpfcjk zpfvmygonf/

138 ]]ocifa,½I bk&m;? oifonf uRefrtwGuf pHkvifjcif;xuf omvGefygonf/ rMumrjrihfrD bk&m;ocifonf uRefrwdkY\ ESvHk;om;ESpfckpvHk;ü bk&m;ocif tvkyfvkyfygonf/ *Refonf c&D;oGm;&mrS tdrfodkY jyefa&mufvmonf/ uRefronf avqdyfrS 0rf;ajrmufpGm ac:aqmifvmygonf/ (olonf b,fawmhrS tdrfjyefvm rnfr[kwfonfudk uRefrydkrdkESpfoufjcif; &Sdaom tcsdefü vaygif;rsm;pGm udkifwG,fzdkY twGuf uRefronf tjcm;olrsm;tm; vkyfcGihfjyKxm;aom vkyfief;wpfckjzpfonf) uRefr\ a,musfm;udk EIwfcGef;qufzdkY aysmfarGU&oljzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif uRefrtwGuf vSyaom qkaus;Zl;wpfck o,fvmay;onfukd awGUjrif&ygonf/ xkdwcPwmtrSwftom;onf uRefrwdkYtwGuf opfvGifaom pwifjcif; wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;jcif;jzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ jzpfysufajymif;vJjcif;rwdkifrDuyif bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;odwwfjcif;tm;jzihf uRefrwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;\ ESvHk;om;ukd zGihfay;vdkufygonf/ tdrfaxmifjyK&mü tu,fí uRefrwdkYonf rSm;,Gif;jcif;&Sdaom tcsdefü yifvQif ocifa,½I\cGihfvTwfjcif;yHkoufaoudk twk,lzdkY 0efcHMuonfqdkygu uRefrwdkYonf aumif;pm;aom tcsdefüyifvQif uRefrwdkY\ aoG;pnf;rIonf BuHUcdkif vsufaeonfudk awGUjrif&vdrhfrnf/ xkdumvü uRefrwdkYtwGuf rodromaom tcsed jf zpfonf/ jrihjf rwfaom yHo k ufaorsm;teuf wpfco k nf uRerf wd\ Yk om;orD; rsm;tm; ay;tyfjcif;onf tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,mufuw kd pfa,muf 0rf;enf;ygonf[k ajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkY\ om;orD;rsm; em;vnfvm&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfyg onf/ uRerf wdo Yk nf pHv k ifjcif;r&Sad om avmuBu;D xJü ude;f 0yfjcif;onf pHv k ifjcif; r&Sdaom aexdkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefrwdkY\ ESvHk;om;xJü bk&m;ocif\ pHv k ifaom cGiv hf w T jf cif;onf ajrmufrsm;pGm aom tjypfjyK jcif;wpfcu k dk zH;k uG,x f m; Edkifonf/ tjypfjyKvkyfolrsm;onf ab;oihfa&mufapaom ysufpD;jcif;wpfckudk yHkazmfjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkY\ wpfvHkwpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ukd zsufqD;jcif;jzpfonf/ trSefpifppf tqHk;owfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ cGifhvTwfjcif;? aus;Zl;awmfESihf arwåmawmfonf uRerf wd\ Yk om;orD;rsm;twGuf b0oifcef;pmrsm;jzpfvmygonf/ uRerf wdo Yk nf ÓPfynmESifh jynhpf akH om pum;rsm;ukd uRerf wd\ Yk rdom;pk tdraf xmif ü awGUjrifMu&onfrSm ]]olwpfyg;jypfrSm;aom trIukd 0Sufxm; aom olonf arwåmudk jyKpk\}} [líjzpfonf/ (okwåH? 17;9)

139 tu,fí oifonf pnf;azmufjcif;ukd qufvufqkyfudkifxm;zdkY a&G;cs,f xm;oljzpfonfqykd gu vlwikd ;f aysmufu, G o f mG ;&ygvdrrfh nf/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf arwåmonf ao;odrv f mjcif;aMumihjf zpfonf/ rnfoyYdk ifqu kd mrl tu,fí oifonf cGihfvTwfjcif;udk oifa&G;cs,fxm; aomtcg oif\rdom;pkü&Sdaom vlwdkif;onf atmifEdkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf arwåmonf aumif;pm;jcif; taMumif;aMumifhjzpf onf/

aMumuf&GHUjcif; oif\aygif;oif;qufqjH cif;ü ajymqkzd Ykd aemufxyft&mwpfcrk mS aMumuf&UHG jcif;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKoufwrf;yxr q,fESpf Mumvmjcif; taMumif;aMumifh uRefr (vDZm) onf pGefYvTwfjcif;twGuf aMumuf&GHUjcif;ESihf ½kef;uefae&oljzpfonf/ uRefrzcifESihf uRefr\ yxrOD;qHk; oif;tkyfq&monf omí Eke,fysdKjrpfaom trsdK;orD;rsm;twGufESihf ol\ r,m;ukd pGefYypfxm; oljzpfonf/ uRefronf tb,fodkY awGUBuHK& jcif;taMumif;aMumihf uRefronf aMumufrufzG,ftawG;tac:rsm;ukd cGihfjyKvdkufygonf/ uRefr\ ESvHk;om;xJü MuefYMumaom rcsKyfwnf;jcif; twGufjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf i,foHygatmif atmf[pfaeolrsm; r[kwfMuay/ wdk;wdk;ajymolrsm;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;ü trsdK;om; rsm;tm;vH;k xGucf mG oGm;Muonf/ olwEYkd iS fh yl;uyfí raeapjcif;jzpfonf/ xdaYk emuf olwdkYonf oihfukdpdwfysuftm;avsmhapEdkifolrsm; r[kwfyg/ þtawG;tac: trsdK;tpm;onf cspfcifpHkrufjcif;twGuf ao;i,faom wnfcif;jyojcif;udkyif uRefrtm;jzpfyGm; apygonf/ *Refonf uRefrtm; ab;csdwfxm;aomtcg ¤if;onf umvMumjrihfjcif;r&Sdyg/ uRefronf olESihf tjrefoGm;oHpwifjcif; rwdkifrD tcsdef&SnfMumjcif;r&Sdawmhyg/ xdkYaMumihf uRefronf ta0;odkY wGef;csEdkifonf/ wpfaeYaomtcg uRefr\ ]]tjrefoGm;oHESihf wGef;csjcif;rsm;teuf wpfck NyD;qHk;NyD;aemufydkif; *Refonf vpfvyfaejcif;ukd axmufí uRefrtm; ar;vdkufonf rSm ]]uREfkyfonfoihfudk pGefYvTwfvdrfhrnfr[kwfygudk oif0efcH jcif;rwdkifrDjzpfapzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtb,frQ toufBuD;BuD;ae&vdrhfrnfenf;/ oifonf toufckESpf q,fwdkifatmif apmihfqdkif;vdrhfrnfvm;/}} uRefronf arhajrmatmif aemifw&ap ygonf/

140 xdkt&mudk umvtwefMum ,lxm;onhftwdkif; uRefrapmihfqkdif;& ygvdrrfh nf/ ]]olqufvuf,x l m;ygonf/ od&Yk mwGif uRerf wko Yd nf xdt k awmtwGi;f ajrmufrsm;pGmaom aysmf&TifjrL;wl;jcif;wpfckESihf vGJacsmfoGm;&olrsm;jzpfonf/ tjcm; trsdK;om;rsm;ESihf aexdkifcJhaom pdwfysuftm; avsmhjcif;twGuf uRefronf *Refay;acszdkY jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfrnfudk 0efcHygonf/ *Refonf olwdkY\ ysufuGufjcif; twGuf tb,faMumihfay;acs&rnhf taMumif;ukd uRefrpOf;pm;Munhfygonf/ xdt k &monf w&m;rQwjcif; r&Sad y/ uRerf onf ud, k u f u kd muG,zf Ykd BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwrf I wpfckjyK&mü uRefronf uRefrwkdY\ aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;twGuf tzsufvkyfief; vkyfaeol wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ tem*wfü *Refudk aysmufuG,foGm;apjcif; twGuf uRefr\ aMumuf&GHUjcif;onf ypöKyÜefumvü ESpfOD;pvHk;cdk;,l0Suf xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf uRefr\ qHk;jzwfcsufu xkdodkYjzpfonf/ uRefronf *Refukd t<uif;rJhcspf& ygvdrhfrnf/ aysmufuG,fapaom ol\pGefYpm;jcif; üyifvQif vrf;ckvwfü olYtm;cspf onfxufomí cspf&ygvdrhfrnf/ tb,fodkYjzpfcJhjcif;twGuf 0rf;enf;ESihftwl jyefvnf½Ijrifjcif;ESihf *Refudkt<uif;rJhcspf&ygvdrfhrnf/}} aMumuf&GHUjcif;ESihf ,HkMunfrIr&Sdjcif;onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;txJü &Sdaom aumif;pm;jcif;rS uRefrwdkYtm; xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufygonf/ taMumif;rSm aMumuf&GHUjcif;onf twdwfumvü ay:aygufvmEdkifaom omíaumif;aom wpfpHkwpf&mukd ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf jiif;qdkaepOf tawmtwGif; twdwfumv twGuf NrJNrJudkifxm;vsuf&Sdaomtm;udk; tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ tu,fí uRerf wdo Yk nf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ütopf aomt&mwpfcu k dk vkyaf y;zdYk bk&m;ocifudk vdv k m;aeMuonfqydk gu uRerf wdo Yk nf aMumuf&UHG jcif;udk pGeyYf pfxm;zdYk a&G;cs,x f m;& ayrnf/ uRerf wd\ Yk tem*wfumvtwGuaf rwåmawmfonf tb,foYkd BuKd wifa[m udef; xkwfxm;jcif;udk vufcHjcif;jzpfonf/ tqHk;pGefaom arwåmonf b,faom tcgrQ qHk;½HI;jcif;r&SdEdkifpOftwGif; aMumuf&GHUjcif;onf ysufuGufjcif; usqif; oGm;jcif;ukd arQmfvihfjcif;jzpfonf/ aMumuf&GHUjcif;onf bk&m;ocifarwåmawmfukd txift&Sm;awGUjrif&zdkY ñTefMum;jyo&mü 0dnmOfcGeftm;wpfckjzpfonf/ toufwmrsm;twGuf tuG,f tumwpfcjk zpfonf/ ¤if;onf rjrif&ao;aomt&mukd ,HMk unf jcif;rS tvkyaf om aMumuf&GHUjcif;ESihf arwåmESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGuf arwåmESihf qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf uRefrwdkY rwwfEkdifaom t&mrsm;twGuf ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf

141 tb,foYkd jrif&jcif;rsm;ukd oHo,pdwx f m;zdYk uRerf wdt Yk m; pdeaf c:csurf sm;jzpfonf/ aMumuf&UHG jcif;onf rjrif&ao;aom t&mudk oHo,pdw&f adS pjcif;ESifh tb,fojYkd rif &aomt&mukd ,HkMunfjcif; &SdzdkY uRefrwdkYtm; wdkufwGef;ygonf/ cspfjcif;arwåm twGuf arQmfvihfjcif; odkYr[kwf usqHk;oGm;aom aMumuf&GHUjcif;ESihf rsufESmcsif;qdkif& aomtcg uRerf wdo Yk nf tjcm;t&mokrYd [kwf wpfcw k nf;aom t&mukd ,HMk unfjcif; &SdzdkY a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ukd a&G;cs,fjcif;r[kwfyg/ aMumuf&GHUjcif; onf cspf j cif ; arwå m ud k cif ; usif ; jyojcif ; jzpf o nf / cspf j cif ; arwå m onf aMumuf&GHUjcif;ukd ESifxkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf aMumufjcif;oHa0*ESihfraygif;Edkif&m/ oHa0*onf ylyefjcif;a0'emudk jzpfapaomaMumihf pHkvifaomarwåmonf oHa0*udk z,f&Sm;wwf\/ oHa0*&Sdaomolonf arwåmESihfrjynhfpHkao;/ bk&m;ocif onf igwkdYukd a&S;OD;pGm cspfawmfrlaomaMumihf igwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk cspfMu\/ (1a,m? 4;18-19) jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;? cspfjcif;arwåm\ t&nftcsif;onf axmifacsmuf axmifzrf;zdkY aMumuf&GHUjcif;\ t&nftcsif;xufomí BuD;rm;ygonf/ aMumuf&GHU jcif;ukd ESifxkwfaom pHkvifaomarwåmonf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfudk tawGUtBuHKtm;jzihfom awGUjrif&ygonf/ udk,fawmf\ arwåmwefckd;awmftm;jzihf uRefrwdkYonf rdrdudk,ftwGuf oufqdkif jcif;ukd pGefYvTwfjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkY odxm;&jcif;taMumif;rSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uRefrwdkY\vdktyfjcif;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifopöm½SdpGm xdef;aMumif;ay;vdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif tu,fí uRefrwdkYonf bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmufü tcsdefudk toHk;jyKjcif;r&Sdygu uRefrwdkYonf udk,fawmf\ cspfapaom obm0w&m;twGuf cspfuRrf;0ifaom ÓPfynmwpfckr&SdEdkifMuay/ taMumif;rSm ud, k af wmf\opöm&Sjd cif; onf ud, k af wmf\ &Sjd cif;üodjrif vG,yf gonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ppfrSefaom ZmwdÓPfawmfr&SdbJ uRefrwdkYonf uRefrwdkY\ cifyGef;rsm;tm;jzifh odkYr[kwf olYtm;jzihf pGefYypfjcif;twGuf pOfqufrjywfaom aMumuf&GHUjcif;ESihf aexdkif&vdrhfrnf/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;twGuf tb,fodkY vdrf,Suf xm;aom yHkpHwpfckjzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ uG,fumjcif;arwåmawmf atmuf ü omíomí BuD ; jyif ; vm ol r sm;jzpf o nf t wd k i f ; uRef r wd k Y o nf

142 aMumuf&GHUjcif;rS vGwfvGwfvyfvyf jzpfvmEkdifMuonf/ uRefrwdkY\ cifyGef;rsm; twGuf t<uif;rJharwåmudk urf;vSrf;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywf awmfu ajymonfrSmcspfolwdkY igwkdYonf tcsif;csif; cspfMuukeftHh/ taMumif;rSm cspfjcif; arwåmonf bk&m;ocifESihf pyfqdkif\/ cspfwwfaom olrnfonfum; bk&m;ocifjzpfymG ;apaom oljzpf\/ bk&m;ocifukd odaomol vnf;jzpf\/ cspfjcif;r&Sdaom olonfbk&m;ocifudkrod/ taMumif;rl um;bk&m;ocif onf cspfjcif;arwåmjzpfawmfrl\/ (1a,m? 4;7-8) aMumuf&GHUjcif;twGuf cdkifcefYaom ajcukwfonf ]]tu,fí uRefr\ cifyGef;onf uRefrudktpOftNrJ vSnhfjzm;oljzpfonfqdkygu uRefronf olYudk b,faomtcgrQ cGiv hf w T jf cif;r&Syd g}}ESiw fh al omt&mukd ajymzdYk uRerf tm; tb,foYkd jzpfyGm;apjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaom opömuwdpum;rsm; onf tem*wfumvü 'dkif;vTm;jzpfzdkY xdef;aMumif;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,aeY bk&m;ocif\ arwåmwefcdk;udk yd k u f a rG U apjcif ; rS uRef r wd k Y t m; xd e f ; od r f ; apmih f a &S m uf o nf / uRef r wd k Y o nf bk&m;ocifudk udk;pm;wwfzdkY oif,l&ayrnf/ uRefrwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;twGuf jyKpkay;zdkY oif,l&ayrnf/ tu,fí cifyGef;wpfOD;onf opömazmufjcif;odkYr[kwf jiif;y,fjcif;'Pf&m&apjcif; jzpfonfqykd gu bk&m;ocifonf olt Y wGuf uRerf wd\ Yk aMumuf&GHUjcif;udk vufajr§muft½HI;ay;zdkY uRefrwdkYtm; awmif;qdkaom bk&m; jzpfonf/ xdk enf;wljyKvkyfzdkY jiif;qdkjcif;ESihf bk&m;ociftm; ajymjyjcif;ukd uRefrwdkY t,Hk tMunfr&Sday/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefrwdkY\ toufwmrsm;ukd ñTefMum; ay;aom ÓPf&nf&Sdonf/ uRefrwdkYonf olYtwGuf uRefrwdkY\ aMumuf&GHU jcif;ukd vufajr§muft½HI;ay;jcif;r&SdbJ a,½Ionf ocifjzpfonfukd 0efcHEkdif jcif;r&Sday/

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143 bk&m;ociftvdkawmf&Sdonfukd odxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefrwdkY\ bdk;bGm;rsm;ESihf rdbrsm;tMum; xif&Sm;odjrifEdkifaom cdkvHI&mcHwyf&Sdonf/ uRefrwdkY \ rdom;pkvrf;aMumif;ukd uyfab;oifh apaom jyKpm;onfh twwfynm? tpOf xm0&&Sdaejcif; rl;,pfaq;0g; aomufoHk;jcif; ESihfwlaom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ tarGtESpfopfwpfck vufcHxm;jcif; rjyKrD uRefrwdkYonf usdefqJjcif;ESifh xdyfwdkuf &ifqkdifzdkYjzpf onf/ xdkt&monf rsdK;qufopfrsm;ESihf uRefrwdkY rdom;pkrsm;twGuf uyfab;oihfapjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&mrsm;onf qkawmif;jcif; tm;jzihf wdkufcdkuf ESdrfeif;Edkifygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf zsufcsEdkifygonf/ usdefqJaom rdom;pk\ oD;jcm;azmfjyjcif;onf pHkwGJvifr,m;wpfckpD twGuf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom tjrif&Sdonf/ okdY&mwGif þae&mü wpfckwnf; aom OyrmyHkaqmifcsufwpfck&Sdonf/ apmapmu tcef;BuD;wpfckwGif uRefrwdkY a&;om; azmfjyxm;onfrSm xkdodkYjzpfygonf/ uRefrwdkY\ rdom;pk ausmaxmufaemufcHrsm; onf tvGeu f jJG ym;jcm;em;ygonf/ uRerf (vDZm) onf pdwEf v S ;kH xJü *Re\ f rdom;pk onf t&Sufuif;rJhjcif;udk tb,fodkY jyefí jyefvkyfjcif;taMumif;ESihf oufqdkifol jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ aphpyfvrf;aMumif;jcif; naepmpm;yGJü uRefrtazu t&ufaomufygonf/ t&Suu f if;rJph mG *Rerf cd ifEiS q fh ufqufcgvIy&f mS ;onf/ olr\ cifyGef;a&SU arSmufü trSefw&m;jzpfonf&Sihf/ ol\tjyKtrlrsm;onf *Ref\rdcifESihf pyfvsOf;í rnfonhfppfrSefaom &nf&G,fcsufru uRefr\ rdcifudk emusifapzdkY qHkcsufypfrSwf xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;ü *Ref\ rdcifonf olr\ av;euf aom oufqdkifjcif; udk txift&Sm;azmfjyvkdufonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uRefrwdkY\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf olw\ Ykd tprlvjzpfaom oabm csi;f wloEl iS hf csw d q f ufxm; aom olwdkY\ ausmaxmufaemufcHtm;jzihf uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;ESihftwl rnfolrqdk yxrtBudrfjzpfvdrhfrnf/ trSwfrxif uRefrMum;vdkuf&aom olr\ajympum;rSm ]]uRefrwdkYonf þt&m rwdkifrDu uRefrwdkY\ rdom;pkü uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;onf b,faomtcgrQ r&SdcJhyg}} [lí ajymonf/ olronf uRefrtm; tb,frQavmuf Munhfaeaom xdkt&m jzpfaeyg ovm;[lí uRefr pOf;pm;rdygonf/ uRefronf þrsdK;½dk;pOfqufudk wpfeyfpm; jzpfapolwpfa,mufjzpfaeygovm;/ uRerf onf naepm;yGu J kd pGex Yf m;vdu k yf gonf/ uRerf \ rdcifxcd u dk ef musijf cif;ESifh ajrmufrsm;pGmaom uRerf \ ud, k yf ikd t f &Suw f &m; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ukd cHpm;ae&oljzpfonf/ ¤if;udk jrif[efvu©Pm&SdonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfyg

144 onf/ tu,fí xdkae&mü ulraom rdom;pktwGuf ]]taumif;}} ESihf ]]tqdk;}} udk vufrxyfrD csdefwG,fEdkifaom tcGHodkYr[kwf aMu;cGJ&Sdonfqdkygu taumif;onf *Ref\ rsufESmomay; jcif;ESihf jyif;jyif;xefxefwdkYxdjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefronf qdk;oGrf;aom t&mtm;vHk;udk o,faqmifvmoljzpfonf/ uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;? olrY ,m;udk jypfrmS ;jcif;ESifh pGv J rf;jcif;wdo Yk nf uRerf \ rdom;pkvrf;aMumif;ü &Sad om jyóemrsm;tMum;wGif &SdaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefr\ qdk;oGrf;jcif; odkYr[kwf *Ref\ aumif;jrwf jcif;taMumif;ESifh oufqikd jf cif;r&So d nfukd uRerf 0efcv H u kd af omtcg pdwf xdcu kd jf cif; a&muf&Sdvmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oefY&Sif;aom aqGpOfrsdK;qufudk vdkvm;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ighorD;em;axmifavmh/ qifjcifí em,lavmh/ udk,ftrsdK;om;csif; ESifh ud, k t f b\tdru f kd arhavsmah vmh/ odjYk yKvQif oifvaS om tqif;udk &Sib f &k ifonf ESpfvdkpHkrufawmfrlrnf/ olonf oif\ t&SifjzpfaomaMumihf olYudk udk;uG,favmh/ wk½krif;orD;rSpí vlpkwGif Opöm&wwfaom olwdkYonf vnf;vufaqmifyPÖm ygvsuf oihfudk azsmif;zs&Muvdrhfrnf/ udk,fawmf\ tbrsm;udk,fpm; om;rsm;ukd &í ajrBuD;wjyifvHk;wGif rif;t&mü cefYxm;awmfrlvdrfh rnf/ tuREfkyfonf ud, k af wmf\ emrudk vlrsKd ;tpOf tquf atmufarhausmaf pm apojzihf vlrsKd ;wdo Yk nf urÇmtqufquf udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;MuvwåHU/ (qm? 45;10-12/16-17) þpmyd k ' f o nf rl v tm;jzih f ocif a ,½I \ a&;om;azmf j ycsuf w pf c k jzpf o nf / ol \ owd k Y o rD ; jzpf o nf / od k Y & mwG i f bk & m;ocif o nf uRef r \ toufwmtwGuf ud, k af wmf\ uwdawmfum;csyw f pfcu k kd ta&mifjc,fzYkd xkt d &mukd toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ uwdawmfwpfckonf uRefr\ twdwfurdom;pkü&Sdaom rSm;,Gi;f jcif;tm;jzihf uefo Y wfxm;jcif;r[kwyf g/ uRerf onf ighorD;em;axmifavmh [laom pum;udk zwf&aomtcg uRefr\ txJüwpfpHkwpf&m touf&Sifjcif; a&muf&Sdvmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rif;orD;uJhodkY uRefrESihf pum;ajymaeonf/ xdkcPwmtcsdefü c&pfawmf ESihf uRefr\ xyfwlxyfrQjzpfjcif;twGuf topfaom arQmfvifhjcif;ukd ayGUydkufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ uRefr0efcHxm;onfrSm xkdodkYjzpfygonf/ uRefr\ arG;&myg Zmwdjzpf aom zcif\ (olYr,m;ukd jypfrSm;ol? t&uform;ESihf tvGefYtvGef pkwfjywf owfoljzpf onf) jzpfwef&mjcif;tpm; uRefr\ om;orD;rsm;onf tarGqufcH&ygvdrhfrnf/

145 ajrBuD;ESihfqdkifaom olwdkY\zcif (bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmf aomvlwpfa,muf) jzpfwef&mjcif;twGufomr[kwf? xdkxufomí olwdkY onf olwdkY\ ocifbk&m;ESihf jzpfwef&maom tarGtESpfudk qufcH &yg vdrhfrnf/ uRefronf uwdawmfü &yfwnf&onfrSm xdkodkY jzpfygonf/ uRefr\ om;rsm;onf aumif;uifbHkü &Sdawmfrlaom wefcdk;BuD;aom bk&m; ocif\ rif;om;rsm;jzpfvmvdkoljzpfonf/ usdefqJaom rdom;pktaMumif;udk ajymqdkMuonftwdkif; bk&m;ocif\ EIwu f ywfawmfonf trSew f &m;\ oufaojzpfonfukd uRerf wdYk awGUjrif&ygonf/ xkwfazmfaMunmjcif;ESihf qkawmif;jcif; umvtawmtwGif; uRefrwdkY\ rdom;pk onf toufwmrsm;ukd vTrf;rdk;wnfaxmifxm;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm; tm;jzihf pdkjynfxGef;um;vmMuonf/

usdefqJaom rdom;pkNydKuGJoGm;zdkY qkawmif;ay;jcif; *vmwd? 3;13 ü ]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtwGufaMumihf usdefjcif;udk cH&aom oljzpfí igwdkYudk ynwfw&m;\usdefjcif;rS a½G;EIwfawmfrlNyD}} [lí ajymygonf/ tb,fodkY aom usdefqJjcif;rqdk aqGpOfrsdK;qufrsm;tm;jzifh oif\rdom;pkaemufodkY vdkufyg vmvdrfhrnf/ c&pfawmftm;jzifh oifonf olwdkYtwGuf umvtwefMumaom vufatmufcHolr[kwfay/ tu,fí oifonf oif\rdom;pkvrf;aMumif;ü usdefqJjcif;twGuf todtjrif½Sdonfqdkygu uRefrwdkYonf oif\tarGtESpfudk t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfay; jcif;ESifh tb,fodkYaom uefYowfcsufrsm;udkNzdKcGif;zdkY oifhudkae&may;vdkolrsm; jzpfonf/ þqkawmif;csufonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfwnf;[laom "g;ESifhpmwef\cdkvIH&mtaMumif;udk ajymqdk&mü oifhudk ulnDrpygvdrfhrnf/ usdefqJ aom rdom;pk'PfrS vGwfajrmufjcif;onf rawmfwqjzpfysufvmjcif; r[kwfay/ oifonf pmwef\ uRr;f usirf rI sm;udk wdu k cf u kd w f eG ;f vSejf cif;ESihf xyfwx l yfrQ jzpf&ay rnf/ ol\yef;wdkifonf jynfh0pHkvifjcif; Nidrfoufjcif;½Tifvef;jcif;ESifh aysmfydkufjcif;rS oifhudkxdef;odrf; apmifha½SmufzdkYjzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifha½SU arSmufü wnfaxmifxm;ay;onf/ odkY&mwGif vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmtm;jzifh oifonf c&pfawmfESifhtwl ydkifqdkifxm;oljzpfonf/ oifonf oif\&efolESdrfheif;jcif; ½Sdonfukd awGY&Edkifonf/

146 acwå&yfem;zdkY aus;Zl;jyKíwpfcPwmtcsdefwpfck,lxm;yg/ þqkawmif; csufESifh a½SUqufroGm;rSD oD;jcm;tcsdefwnfaxmifxm;yg/ tu,fí oifonf ,ckcsucf si;f qkawmif;zdYk tpDtpOf½o dS nfqykd gu aus;Zl;jyKí pdwcf s&atmif tao tcsmjyKvk y f x m;yg/ oif o nf wpf O D ; wnf ; jzpf o nf / od k Y r [k w f oif o nf oif\r,m;ESio hf m½Sad eonf/ odrYk [kwf &if;ES;D aom rdwaf qGrsm;odrYk [kwf qkawmif; jcif; rdwfzufrsm; ½Sdonf/ þt&monf yk*¾dvduESifhqdkifaom t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ yk*¾dKvf a&;&mtcsdefwpfckjzpfonf/ oifonf oif\toem;cHvTm? oif\rESpfvdk í jiif;y,fjcif;ESifh wkefYjyefYrIwdkYudk us,favmifpGmatmfajymzdkYvdktyfygvdrfhrnf/ atmufazmfjyyg qkawmif;csufpum;rsm;onf oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom usdefqJjcif;rsm;teuf wpfcsdKUjzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uRefrwdkY\ rdom;pkESifh tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udk Ncrd ;f ajcmufjcif;jzpfonf/ uRerf wdo Yk nf þqkawmif;csut f wGuf usrf;ydk'frsm;udk pkaygif;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh zGJYpnf;wnfaqmuf a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm EIwfuywfawmfonf pl;½Síwefcdk;BuD;onf/ oGm;ESpfzuf xufaomoHvsuf"g; jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfESifh jynfh0aom "g;jzpfonf/ tu,fí xdkae&mü þqkawmif; csuftm;jzifh zHk;uG,fxm;jcif; r½Sdaomoif\ rdom;pkvrf;ü ½Sdaom jyóemrsm;jzpfonfqdkygu uRefrwdkYonf oifhudkwdkufwGef;ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf? bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ESifhtwl xdkjyóemrsm; taMumif;udk ajymqdkaom usrf;ydk'frsm; ½SmazGawGY½SdzdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh oabmwlnD&mü &J&ifhaom xkwfjyefaMunmcsufwpfckonf tEkynm vufrItwufynmjzpfonf/ ocifa,½I\jrwfaom emrtm;jzifh oif\toufwmü ½Sdaom usdefqJjcif;rsm;udk NzdKcGif;vdkufyg/ uRefrwdkYonf qkawmif;csuf\ tqHk;ydwfü oifxyfrHíavhvmod½Sdvdkaom tudk;tum; rsm; yg0ifonf/ aumif;uifbHkü ½Sdawmfrlí cspf&ygaom crnf;awmfbk&m;? uRefr onf txl;jrwfEdk;zG,f oif\om;awmf\em;rawmfü a½SUawmfarSmuf a&muf½Sd vmonf/ ocifa,½Ib&k m;aus;Zl;awmf cs;D rGr;f jcif; ESiw hf uGoif\ wHcg;ESihf 0ifa&muf vmoljzpfonf/ csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifhtwl oif\cHk½Hk;odkYa&muf ½Sv d mjcif;jzpfonf/ uRerf onf uRerf twGucf spjf cif;arwåmESihf oif\jrwf Edk;zG,faom Muifemoem;jcif;tm;jzifh atmifEdkifoljzpfonf/ oifonf

147 uRefr\ toufwmü xkaxxm;aom a½G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;\ wufEdkif awmfral om wefc;kd awmfvyk if ef;twGuf BuKd wifíaus;Zl; wif&oljzpfonf/ ,cktcg uRerf onf t½Sio f cifEiS hf y#dÓOfwpfcjk yKvyk zf Ykd Mu½H , G f xm;onf/ £oa&v trsKd ;\ bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/ oifonf t½Sio f cifjzpfonf/ aumif;uif ESifhajrBuD;ay:ü ½Sdaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ BuD;jrwfí pdk;½GHUxdwfvefYzG,f aumif;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ol\ynwfawmfrsm;emcH vdu k af vsmufjcif; olt Y m;cspaf omolrsm;ESihf twl½Sdaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ oif\em;onf tav;*½kjyKwufygap/ oif\rsufvHk; rsm;onf oif\ tapcH qkawmif;jcif;udk em;anmif;zdkYjzpfonf/ uRefr\tjypfrsm; udk 0efcs awmif; yefygonf/ uRefrwdkYonf oifhudkqefYusifí tjypfrsm; 0efcHxm; olMursm;jzpfonf/ crnf;awmf\tdrfawmfü tjypfjyKrdjcif;twGuf 0efcsawmif;yef ygonf/ usL;vGefrIwdkif;twGuf awmif;yefygonf/ oifESifh pyfvsOf;í tvGefrdkufrJ pGm jyKvyk rf jd cif;rsm;twGuf uRerf wdt Yk m; cGiv hf w T f awmfryl g/ uRerf wdo Yk nf t½SuEf iS hf zH;k uG,jf cif; cH&Muoljzpfonf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf oifu h q kd efu Y sií f tjypfrsm;jyK cJhjcif; aMumifhjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif oifonf t½Sifocifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif jzpfonf/ cGifhvTwfjcif;bk&m; jzpfonf/ Muifemjcif;½Sdaombk&m;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf jim;vnf; uRerf wdo Yk nf oifu h q kd efu Y sií f awmfveS Mf uonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd bk&m;ocif jzpfaom t½SifocifESifhoifhukd emcHvdkufavsmufjcif;r½SdcJhay/ ol\ ya&mzufrsm;? tapcHrsm;tm;jzifh olonf uRefrwdkYtm; ay;tyfxm;aom ynwfw&m;rsm;udk emcHvdkufavsmufjcif; r½SdMuay/ oifonf uRefrwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;udk ta&jym; vSD;ay;ygrnfhtaMumif;awmif;cHtyfygonf/ uRefrwdkY\twdwf umvudkjyefí csnf;uyfjcif;? t½Sufw&m;ESifh tjypfw&m;rsm;rS uif;a0; apawmfrlyg/ uRefr0efcsawmif;yefygonf/ uRefr\ tjypfrsm;udkz,f½Sm;ay; awmfrlyg/ uRef r \ bd k ; ab;rsm;\ tjypf t wG u f z,f ½ S m ;ay;awmf r l y g/ twd w f e d r d w f a[mMum;jcif;vufrI twufynm? vsdKU0Sufqef;Mu,faom pGrf;tifü a&m½Sufyg0if aom t&mtm;vHk;ESifh rnfonfht&mtwGufrqdk z,f½Sm;ay; awmfrlyg/ (rnfonfh t&mESifhrqdk aygif;xnfhzdkY txdrcHaexdkifyg/ þae&mü acwå&yfxm;yg/ oefY½Sif; aom0dÓOfawmf onf oif\*½kpu kd f wwfjcif;udk o,faqmifvmonf/ qufvufí roGm;rSD txl;ojzifh z,f½Sm;ay;zdkYjzpf onf/ þt&monf yg0ifEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif {uefrkcsjzpf jcif;onf pmtkyfrsm;? upm;enf;rsm;? aMumufrufzG,f½kyf½Sifrsm;? ewfyGJrsm;? eu©wf aA'ifynmtwGuf uefUowfxm;csufr½Sdyg) uRefronf þt&m

148 rsm;ü yg0ifa&m,Sufjcif;udk z,f½Sm;vdkufygonf/ uRefr\toufwmü olwdkY\ usdefqJjcif;rsm;udk NzdKcGif;ay;awmfrlyg/ uRefr\ om;orD; toufwm ü raumif; aom t&mrsm;udkz,f½Sm;awmfrlyg/ olwdkY\ om;orD;rsm;\ om;orD;rsm;txJü ½Sdaom t&mrsm;udk z,f½Sm;ay; awmfrlyg/ uRef r 0ef c sawmif ; yef y gonf / uRef r \ tjypf r sm;? uRef r \a½S ; bd k ; ab;rsm;\ tjypfrsm;udk z,f½Sm;ay;awmfrlyg/ rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;udktvGJ oHk;pGJjcif; t&ufaopm;aomufjcif; {&d,me,fy,fxJü½Sdaom olrsm;\ tjypfrsm;udk z,f½Sm;ay;awmfrlyg/ crnf;awmfbk&m; rnfonfhwHcg;udkrqdk ydwfxm;vdkufyg/ þt&monf tjypfvyk zf 0Ykd n d mOfawmftyk pf ;kd aom e,fy,frsm;udk zGiahf y;Edik yf gonf/ uRefcHae&olrsm; odkYr[kwf zdESdyf csKyfcs,fjcif; cH&aom olrsm;twGuf wHcg;rsm;udk zGiahf y;Ekid jf cif;aMumifh wHcg;rsm;udk ydwx f m;vdu k yf gbk&m;/ uRerf yg0ifa&m,Sucf ahJ om (tu,fí jzpfEdkifygu txl;ojzifh rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;[k ac:wGifxm;onf) t&mrsm; taMumif;udk rESpfvdkjiif;qdkygonfbk&m;/ uRefr\ toufwmü ½Sdaom olwdkY\usdefqJjcif;xrsm; uRefr\om;orD;rsm; olwdkY\om;orD;rsm;ESifh olwdkY \ om;orD ; rsm;\ om;orD ; rsm;touf w mü½S d a om ol w d k Y \ om;orD ; rsm;ES i f h usdefqJjcif;rsm;udk uRefrNzdKcGif;vdkufygonfbk&m;/ ocifa,½I\ em;rawmfjrwfü qkawmif; ygonfbk&m;/ tmrif/ uRefrwdkYonf aemufydkif;tcef;BuD;wpfckü umr&m*ESifhqdkifaom tjypfESifh csdwfqufxm;aom pdwf0dnmOfcsnfaESmifjcif;ESifh usdefqJjcif; taMumif;udk ajymjcif;tm;jzifh þusiphf Ofukd qufvufwnfaqmuf&yg vdrrhf nf/ um;wdik x f ufü c&pfawmf\ aemufqHk;atmifjrifjcif;taMumif;aMumifh oifonf þusdefqJrS vGwfajrmufoGm;oljzpfonf/ oifonf aMumuf½GHUjcif;jzpfap? 0rf;enf;jcif;jzpfap rvdktyfawmhonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfyg onf/ þtjypf w&m;rsm;onf oif\om;orD; rsm;odrYk [kwf oifah emufoYkd vdu k yf g vdrrhf nf/ oifonf ,aeYoif\rdom;pktwGuf tarGtESpfopf wpfckukd wnfaxmifoljzpfonf/

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149

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vifbufr,m;bufrS awmfpyfaomaqGrsdK;rsm;udk tkyfxdef;jcif; awmf p yf a om aqG r sd K ;rsm;tk y f x d e f ; jcif ; jyóemonf opf v G i f a om vufxyf r*Fvmrsm;tMum;omí trsm;ESifhqdkifaom t&mjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\apmpD;pGmaom aeY&ufrsm;aemufuG,fü {uefrkcs udk,fpm;udk,fyGm;wpfckjzpfEdkifygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;ESifh uREfkyfwdkU\r,m; rsm;tMum; ½IyfaxG;aAGvDjcif;ESifh &ifqdkifMu&aomtcg ¤if;onf rdbrsm;tm; (odrYk [kwf tjcm;aqGrsKd ;awmfpyforl sm;) uG,u f m vdpk w d ½f o dS nfrmS obm0usygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;toufwmrsm;ü odxm;Muaom t&mjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk; onf rdbrsm;udk ½dkaoav;jrwfjcif;ESifh BuD;rm;aom arwåm½Sd &vdrfhrnf/ oifonf oif\rdb rsm;\tMuHÓPfudk BudKqdkEdkifpOftwGif; wpfcsdefu oifonf tdrfaxmif jyKxm;oljzpfonf/ oif\yxrqHk;wm0efonf oif\r,m; twGufjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\om;BuD; tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rwdkifrSD uREfkyf (*Ref) onf olYtm; ajymonfrmS ]]t,f'D qifa&- uREykf f tMuÓ H PftwGuf oifonf awmif;cHjcif;r½Sb d J rnfonfh{&d,m e,fy,fürqdk tb,fodkY jyKvkyfzdkY oifhudkajymjyvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ oif\toufwmtwGuf tpxGiaf om ñTeMf um;csuo f nf ½SnMf umvdrrhf nfr[kwyf g/ oif\udk,fydkifrdom;pkwpfck vHk;udk wnfaxmifaeoljzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf oifhudk ae&may;csiyf gonf/ ½Sio f efBu;D yGm;zdo Yk if,zl jYkd zpfonf/}} t,f'q D ifonf þud, k af e udk,f[eftwGuf ol\odwwfjcif;azmfjyygonf/ b,ftcsdefürqdk uREfkyftm; csO;f uyfjcif; jzpfonf/ olonf uREykf \ f tMuÓ H Pfudk vdv k m;awmif;wol jzpfonf/ uREfkyf\ vdkvm;awmif;wjcif;onf om;udk tkyfxdef;zdkYr[kwfyg/ odkYr[kwf uREfkyftm; ao;odrfapjcif;wpfcktxJodkY olYudk yHkoGif;jcif;r[kwfyg/ uREfkyfonf olYukd bk&m;ocifzefqif;íbk&m;ocifjzpfapvdkaom t&m&mwdkif;jzpfvmzdkY vdkcsifoljzpfonf/ ol\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü ajrmuf rsm;pGmaom uREfkyf\yg0if a&m,Sufjcif;onf ol\tdrfü acgif;aqmifwpfOD; uJhodkY ol\tqifhtwef;ESifhom wm0ef,ljcif;onf olYudkxdef;odrf; apmifha½SmufEdkifygonf/ (yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymyg onf/ uREfkyfu olonf wpftdrfom;vHk;ESifhtwl tb,fodkYjyKvkyfcJhjcif; tm;jzifh

150 rde;f armawGa0&ol jzpfonf/ uREykf o f nf olt Y ouft½G,u f mvü uREykf t f b,foYkd txajrmufatmifwnfaxmifjcif;xuf rsm;pGmomí aumif;aomt&mjzpfonf/) xdktaMumif;aMumifh a,musmf;onf udk,fhrdbudk pGefYí udk,fhcifyGef;ü rSD0Jojzifh xdkolwdkYonf wom;wudk,fwnf;jzpf&ayvdrfhrnf/ (u?2;24 xnfhoGif;xm;aom owif;pum;jzpfonf/) þenf;emxJü oif\rdcifESifhzcifudk pGefYypfjcif;onf rdbrsm;tyg t0if wpftrd o f m;vH;k \vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf mPmudk pGeyYf pfjcif;jzpfonf[í l t"dygÜ ,f oufa&muf ygonf/ oifu fh kd vTr;f rd;k xm;aom rdbrsm;\ tm;enf; aom MoZmudv k nf; pGev Yf w T zf Ykd t"dyÜg,foufa&mufygonf/ oif\rdbrsm; udk ½dkaoav;jrwfjcif; ½SdzdkYta&;BuD;yg onf/ od&Yk mwGif oifonf vdu k ef m aqmif½u G jf cif;r½Sb d ?J xdo k w l t Ykd m; ½dak oav;jrwf jcif;½SdEdkifygonf/ bmoma&; tzGJYtpnf;opfwpfckESifh tdrfaxmifpkopfwpfckzGJYpnf; wnfaxmifaeol jzpfonf/ oif\rdbrsm;onf oif\MoZm½kyfvHk;yHko@mefESifh ½SnfMum jcif; r½Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYonfoif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; odkYr[kwf oif\ toufwmudk ñTefMum;Edkifvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü vGefpGmyg0ifa&m,Sufjcif;udk &,lzdkY BudK;pm;aom aqGrsdK;awmfpyfolrsm;ESifh oifyg0ifa&m,SufEdkifygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY aqGrsdK;awmfpyf olrsm;teuf wpfa,mufonf apmpD;pGm uREfkyfwdkYtm; ÓPfqifjyKjyifzdkY BudK;pm; onf / uREf k y f w d k Y \ aoG ; pnf ; nD ñ G w f j cif ; twG u f uG J j ym;jcm;em;jcif ; ud k o,faqmifvmoljzpfonf/ ol\yg0ifa&m,Sujf cif; onf ysupf ;D jcif;jzpfvmygonf/ jyóemtaMumif;udk ajymqdkzdkY uREfkyfwdkY\ El;nHhodrfarGUaom BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm; onf tusdK;aus;Zl;r½SdzdkY jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;ü uREfkyfwdkYonf þvltoD;oD; (uREykf cf sp&f aom olEiS hf uREykf ½f kd ao&ol ESprf sKd ;pvH;k ) ESihf qHak wGMY u&onf/uREyfk w f \ Ykd &mxl;taetxm; udk&Sif;vif;pGm az:jyMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREkfyf (*Ref) ajymcJhonfrSm ]] oifonf uREkfyf\ tdrfaxmifpk ajy;vTm; aejcif;ü yg0ifa&m,Su&f vdrrfh nfr[kwaf y/ þt&monf tdraf xmif opfwpfcjk zpf ygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf oifhudk&kdaoav;jrwfjcif;&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGifoifonf þtdraf xmif&q dS ;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk tkyx f ed ;f &vdrrhf nf r[kwyf g/ oif\ enf;vrf;udk &,lzdkY twGuf oifonfnPfqifí jyKjyif&vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg}}[lí ajymygonf/

151 uREkfyfwdkYonf cdkifrmaom pum;rsm;udk toHk;jyKzdkY jzpfonf/tb,faMumifhqdkaomf omírsm;aom wdu k &f u dk f r[kwaf omcsO;f uyfjcif;rsm;onf usqif;oGm;&jcif;aMumihf jzpfonf/ aus;Zl;wifpGmjzifh þaqGrsdK;awmfpyfolonf tb,fodkY jzpfysufonfudk 0ef c H x m;onf / ,ck t cg ol r onf uREk f y f w d k Y \ aygif ; oif ; quf q H j cif ; ü yHkrSefBuHUcdkifcHhaom ae&mwpfckudk vufqkyfvufudkif xm;onf/ vifr,m;pHkwGJjzpfonfhtwdkif; uREkfyfwdkYonf rdom;pk0if rsm;tyg t0if wdkufcdkufrIyHkpHwdkif;udk qefYusifí uREkfyfwdkY\wpfvHk;wpf0wnf; jzpfjcif;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ayrnf/ rMumcP þwdkufcdkufrIrsm; onf ,HkrSm;oHo, pdwf&Sdonfhtjyif ab;&efuif;jcif;jrif[efvu©Pm&Sd Ekdifyg onf/ olwdkYonf xyf c gwvJ v J &,f p &maumif ; aom MoZmtmPm ysuf j ym;apjcif ; yH k p H u d k ,lxm;wwfonf/ odkY&mwGif xdkodkY jzpfaom El;nHodrf arGYaomtrSwftom; rsm;onf t pOf t NrJ tzsuf v u© P maqmif o nf / uREk f y f o nf r *F v m aqmiftcef;tem;rsm;udk OD;aqmifaomtcg wufa&mufvmMuaom rdom;pkESifh rdwfaqGrsm;tm;vHk;udkMunfhNyD; ajymonfrSm ]]uyfqdkufjcif;onf þwpfvHk;wpf0 wnf; jzpfjcif;udkqefYusifí ajymaom olrsm; twGufjzpfonf/ þt&monf bk & m;ocif bd o d w f a y;xm;aom wpf v H k ; wpf 0 wnf ; jzpf j cif ; jzpf o nf / oifonf4if;udk wpfoD;wpfjcm;cGJcGm jcif; (odkYr[kwf) nPfqifjyKjyifzdkY &J&J0HY0HY rBud K ;pm;ygES i f h / bk & m;ocif o nf ,aeY t b,f o d k Y wnf a xmif a y;jcif ; toufwmtaMumif;udkomajymjcif; jzpfonf/}} t,f ' D q if td r f a xmif j yKaomtcg uREf k y f w d k Y o nf & nf & G , f c suf & S d & S d ajz&S i f ; ay;ygonf / uREk f y f w d k Y E S i f h ol Y Z eD ; ] *sLvD } wd k Y t Mum;a&G ; cs,f j cif ; ud k o l Y tm;jyKvkyfay;jcif;r[kwfay/ trSefw&m;rSm *sLvDESifh olYvufxyfaomaeY udk ol u d k , f w d k i f a &G ; cs,f j yKvk y f x m;jcif ; jzpf o nf / uREk f y f w d k Y o nf ol \ qH k ; jzwf csufESifhonf;xdyf&ifzdkjzpfaponfAsm/ rdom;pkpGrf;tm;twGuf þa&cHajrcH ü arwåmonf vla&G;cs,jf cif;udb k ,fawmhtcgrQ jyKvyk af y;rnfr[kwaf y/ arwåmonf taxmuftuljzpfjcif;jzpfonfhtjyif aygif;oif;qufqHa&;t opfESifhaygif;oif; quf q H a &;ta[mif ; wd k Y t Mum; wH w m;ud k wnf a qmuf ay;jcif ; jzpf o nf / uREkfyfwdkYonf *sLvDudkcspfMuonf/ olronf acR;rwpf a,mufxufrsm;pGm omvG e f a om orD ; wpf a ,muf j zpf o nf [ k uREk f y f w d k Y c H p m;Mu&onf / þeD;pyfjcif;rsdK;om jzpfEkdifajc&Sdonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdk aomf uREkfyfwdkYonfolr\

152 tdrfaxmifopfudk&kdaoav;jrwfjcif;&Sd jcif; aMumifh jzpfonf/ olrudkcGifhjyKMuonf/ t,f'DqifonfolwdkY\udk,fydkif ordkif;aMumif; udka&;om;zdkYjzpfonf/

vufawGYtrSefw&m;r[kwfaom arQmfvifhjcif;rsm; vuf a wG Y t rS e f w &m;r[k w f a om arQmf v if h j cif ; rsm;onf tar&d u ef jynfaxmifpküuGm&Sif;jywfqJjcif;twGuf xdyfwef;a&mufwef;pDxm;aom tusdK; taMumif;jyajymqdkjcif;rsm;tMum;wGif&Sdaeonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;onf tdraf xmifjyKMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ at;at;aq;aq;ul;vl; quf qHjcif;?tqufrjywf umr*kPfqufqHjcif;ESifh tpOftNrJ wnfNidrf aomokc csrf;omjcif;udkarQmfvifh xm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf ab;uif;vHk jcHKrIr&Sdjcif; oem;Muifemjcif; uif;rJhpGm tuG,ftumr&SdbJ xm;aomuREkfyf wdkY\wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;ESifh opö m &S d j cif ; twG u f td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ud k arQmf v if h x m;Muol r sm;r[k w f a y/ odkYr[kwfuREkfyfwdkY onf rSm;,Gif;jcif;rsm;ESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udktrSefwu,f BudKwifarQmfvifh xm;Muolrsm;r[kwfay/ uREkfyfwdkY\r,m;rsm; ESifh&ifqdkifMuHKawGU &rnfo h l rsm;jzpf onf/ vrf;vTaJ om arQmv f ifjh cif;rsm;onfcg;oD;jcif;\ t&if;tjrpf wpfcjk zpfvmygonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmaf om wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;wnf aqmufjcif; rS u REk f y f w d k Y t m; wnf N rJ a om xd e f ; od r f ; jcif ; jzpf v d r f h r nf h t b,f od k Y j zpf a om a&mif&Jjcif;r&Sd jcif;yifjzpfonf/ vufawGYtrSefw&m;r[kwfaom arQmfvifhcsufrsm;onf ynmr&Sd aom EIid ;f ,SOcf sut f m;jzifh rMumcP avmifuRr;f oGm;wwfonf/ uREyfk f wdo Yk nfpw d &f iT jf rL; jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f í jzLpifMunfvifaom ,Ofaus;rIwpfcük vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; pdw0f ifpm; apolrsm;jzpfonf/uREkfyfwdkYonf zefom;jyifay:ü yHka&;qGJxm;aom olrsm;ESifh uREyfk w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif;udEk idI ;f ,SOMf unfh zdt Yk cGit hf a&;rsm;ESihf tpOfrjywfBuKd wif pDrx H m;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ &kyjf rifoMH um;ESihf &ky&f iS u f m;rsm;onf pGepYf m;jcif;r&Sad om ,HMkunfu;k d um;jcif; qufuyfyal Zmfjcif;r&Sad om wifw h ,fvyS jcif; ESih f tvkyrf &Sad om arwåmudk uREykf w f t Ykd m;urf;vSr;f ay;onf/ olwo Ykd nf wcPtoufwmtwGuf ]]a[mvD0'k }f } onf,kwfnHhonfudk &kyfvHk;az:qGJxm;jcif;r&Sdaom aygif;oif;qufqHa&;twGuf pdwu f ;l ,Ofqefaom rSeu f u l u G rf sm;udk xifvif; jrifomapolrsm;jzpfonf/ tu,f í oif o nf rnf o nf h 0 gwG i f ; umvtwG u f r qd k td r f a xmif

153 jyKxm;oljzpfonfqdkygu oif0efcHxm;aom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf wm0ef &Sdjcif;rS vGwv f yfaom aeY&ufrsm; ?csKy&f ;dk r&Sad om 'Gew f jJG cif;ESihf pdwu f ;l ,Of aeY&ufrsm;xuf omvGefíjyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf cJ,Of;aom tvkyfjzpf onf/ rMumcP &IyfaxG;ayGvDaom t&mjzpfonf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;taMumif;aMumifh omcJ,Of;jcif;jzpfonf[l í xdkodkYt"dyÜg,foufa&mufjcif;r&Sday/ oifonf tdrfaxmifjyK&vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü&Sdaom pdefac:csufrsm;aumif;ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf pdefac:csufrsm;onf oifhukd qGJjzefYjcif;jzpfonf/ pdefac:csufrsm;onfoif\ tusiphf m&dwu å o kd efpY ifatmif acs;cRwaf y;jcif;jzpfonf/oif\ yifu, kd n f PfprG ;f udk wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;apjcif;jzpfonf/ þaygif;oif; qufqHjcif;onf us,fjyefYp&m taMumif ; jzpf o nf u d k owd w &xm;ygovm;/ BuD ; &if h j cif ; od k Y a &muf j cif ; ud k awmif;qdkaom wpfpHkwpf&mESifh &ifqdkifawGYMuHK&olrsm; jzpfonfhwdkifatmif vlwdkif; onf BuD;&ifhapaom tMuHÓPf ESifh wdk;wufBuD;yGm; apaom pdwful;ÓPfudk cspfaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ vuf a wG Y t rS e f w &m;r[k w f a om arQmf v if h j cif ; rsm;\ jyomemonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; twGuf rD'D,ma&;qGJxm;aom yHkpHrsm;taMumif;aMumifh omr[kwaf y/ uREyfk w f o Ykd nf tdref ;D em;csi;f rsm;odrYk [kwf uREyfk w f \ Ykd rdwaf qG rsm;ESihf uREkfyfwdkY\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk EIdif;,SOfxm;aom trSm;rsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfwwfMu olrsm;jzpfonf/ þt&monfaMumufr,fzG,faumif;aom pdwful;ÓPfjzpfonf/ olwdkY\aygif;oif;qufqHa&;zefom;jyifaemufuG,fü tb,fodkYoGm;aeonfudk odxm;zdkY uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf enf;vrf;r&Sday/ t&m&mwdkif;onf vlaygufyef;ESihf vlaumif;rsm;ay:xGef;vmapEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif olwdkYonf ydwfxm;aom wHcg;aemufuG,fü tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufysufpD;apEkdifonf/ 4if;onf uREkfyfwdkY\ aygif;oif;qufqHa&;twGif;&moDOwkudk EIdif;,SOfjy ozdkY jzm;a,mifaoG;aqmifjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonfacwf a&pD;aMumif; &moDOwk wpfckESifh EIdif;,SOfaumif;EIdif;,SOfEkdifygonf/ vGwfvyfaomtcsdef tenf;i,f&Sdjcif;? twdkif;wkdif;tjynfjynfwGif uGJvGihfolrsm; wpfckwnf;aom om;orD;rsm;ESifh EdiI ;f ,SOEf idk yf gonf/ om;orD;rsm; &&Sjd cif;rwkid rf D tb,fojYkd zpfaom uREfkyfwdkY\ aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;ESihf wlygonf/ qifjcifwHkw&m;t& þt&monf rnfonhftjriftm½Hkukdrqdk jyKvkyfay; jcif;r[kwfay/ oif\toufwmonf

154 om;orD;rsm;&&SNd y;D aemufyikd ;f twd tus tvm;wlaexkid Ef idk af om enf;vrf;r&Sad y/ rdbjzpfvmjcif;onf tvGefenf;yg;aom vGwfvyfrIwpfckESihf yg0ifa&m,SufMu& onf/ omírsm;aom wm0efwpfcjk zpfonf/ cGjJ crf;í r&Edik af vmufatmif av;euf pGm pGJNrJaom om;orD;rsm;onf oif\toufwmukd ajymif;vJay;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh oif\tdrfaxmif aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;onf xdkenf;wl uGJjym;jcm;em; aom tjrif&v dS rd rfh nf/ þt&monf odyrHÜ ;D usnrf ;D yef;rsm; r[kwo f nfukd odxm;Mu olrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf ypöKyÜefumvü&Edkifaom t&mrsm;ukd jynhf0pHkvifapjcif;aysmfydkufjcif;rsdK;½dk;Zmwd odkYr[kwfaysmfydkufjcif;udk ao;odrf apaom rdkufrJaom EIdif;,SOfjcif;jyKvkyf aeonfudk rdrdudk,fwdkif tb,fodkY trSef wu,f rMumcP awGY&ygoenf;/ ] oDtdk;'dk&kpAuf} uajymonfrSm ]]EIdif;,SOfjcif;onf aysmfydkufjcif;\ olcdk;jzpfonf}} [kqdkygonf/ tu,fí oifonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü aysmf ydkufjcif;udkawGY&ygvdrfhrnfol jzpfonfqdkygu?oifonf wpfckwnf;aomom íaumif;aom tjrifESifhoif\aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;EIdif;,SOfjcif;udk &yfwefY xm;&rnf/ tjcm;aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;rsm;onf zefom;jyifay:&Sd wpfckwnf; aom yHka&;qGJxm;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) oif\tdrfeD;em;csif; vlrsm;wpfckck jzpfonf/ oifonf EIdif;,SOfjcif;tm;jzifh b,faomtcgrS aysmfydkufjcif;udk awGYjrif&vdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ aysmfydkufjcif;onf ao;Ekyfaom t&mr[kwfay/ xdkYaMumifh aysmfydkufjcif; onf ao;Ekyaf om t&mrsm;tm;jzifh & ,lEidk jf cif;r&Sad y/ vGeu f aJ om xdt k ajctae rsm;onf cHpm;csufudk tawmrowfEkdifay/ BuD;rm;aom &kyfyHkum;csyfwpfckudk odjrifjcif;wpfcktm;jzifh 4if;\cGeftm;udk&SmazG awGY&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnfawmf onfvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; oif\ toufwm twGufjzpfonf/ aysmfydkufjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\ toD;wpfvHk;jzpfonf/ (*vmwd? 5;2223 udkzufygav) tb,fodkYoufa&mufaomt"dyÜm,frSm 4if;onf jzpfysufaom tajctaersm;rS r[kwf?bk&m;ocifxHawmfrSvufcH&&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf vlom;qE´tavsmufaygufzGm;vmEkdifjcif;r&Sday/ ,m,D &kef;uefjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh &G i f v ef ; 0rf ; ajrmuf j cif ; onf xd a &muf a om cH p m; csuf w pf c k j zpf p Of t wG i f ; aysmfydkufjcif;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;rsm;udkom vGefxl;uJapjcif;jzpfonf/c&pfawmf ü wnfaom uREkfyfwdkY\ taetxm; tm;jzifh xdkt&monf arQmfvifhjcif; rSyifpnfrsm;jzpfonf/ tu,fí uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifü aysmfydkufjcif;onf

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168 oif h w buf ü vk y f a om vuf e uf w pH k w &mrQtxra`rS m uf & /oif h u d k w&m;awG Y a om ol r nf o nf u m;t½I H ; cH & vd r f h r nf / xm0&bk & m;\ uRew f o Ykd nf xdo k aYkd om tarGuckd &H íighaMumifah jzmifrh wf&modYk a&muf&vdrhf rnf/ -a[&Sm,?54;17xnfhoGif;xm;aom tm&kHjyKcsufjzpfonf/ ocif a ,&I ES i f h a ygif ; oif ; quf q H j cif ; tm;jzif h oif o nf usd e f q J j cif ; wd k i f ; rS vG w f a jrmuf o G m ;ol j zpf o nf / aumif ; BuD ; r*F v m wd k i f ; ud k t arG c H o l j zpf o nf / ({zuf?1;3udk zwfygav) atmufaz:jyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udkowdBuD;pGmzwfyg/ c&pfawmfüwnfaomoif \rdom;pkESifh oifhtwGuf &,lEkdifaom aumif;BuD; r*Fvmrsm;wpfcsKd Uudk xyfwx l yfrQjyKyg/róJ?11;28?16;19? 11;13/a,m?4;14?7;38 39?14;27? 15;11/1aum?1;30/ 2aum5;21/2ay?113-4/oef Y & S i f ; aom 0dnmOfawmf bk&m;onfþusrf;ydk'frsm;ütjcm; t&mrsm;udk tb,fodkY zGifhjyxm;yg oenf;/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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170 oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhudktb,fodkY jyoxm;ygoenf;/ xdkt&mudk a&;csyg/ rnfonfah qmif&u G cf surf sm;ESiw hf uG wpfavQmufv;kH olonf ,laqmifxm; zdkYoifhudk tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKoljzpfonf/ oifonf vufawGUtrSefw&m;r[kwfaom arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;udk wpfckwnf; aom vuf a wG U tppf t rS e f w&m;txJ o d k Y tb,f o d k Y ajymif ; vJ apEd k i f y goenf ; / yufx&pfarmav u qufvufí ajymqdk&Sif;vif;xm;onfrSm uREfkyfwdkYonf jyefvSnfhvmjcif;tm;jzifh rnfonfht&mudkrqdk arQmfvifhjcif; rxm;bJ ay;urf;zdYk oif,&l ayrnf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd rdwzf ufrsm;twGuf uREykf w f Ykd \ arQmv f ifjh cif; rsm;ESifh qufoG,fay;zdkY uREfkyfwdkYoif,l&ay rnf/ tu,fí olwdkYonf vufawGU trS e f w &m;jzpf a om uREf k y f w d k Y t m; oabmwl o nf q d k y gu Munf h j rif w wf z d k Y em;axmifjcif;jzpfonf/ oifhtwGuf uREfkyfü&Sdaom vufawGUtrSefw&m;r[kwfaom arQmfvifhcsuf rsm;ESifh cHpm;ae&oljzpfygovm;[lí oif\ rdef;rudkawmif;cHyg/ tu,fí xdkodkYjzpfonf qdkygu olwdkYonf tb,fodkYaom t&mrsm;enf;/ aESmifh,Suf jcif;r&SdbJ em;axmif jcif;ESifh ½dkaojcif;&Sdyg/ olwdkYtb,fodkYa0rQ xm;onfudk a&;csyg/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------tu,fíoifonf oif\rdwzf ufEiS hf vufawGUtrSew f &m;r[kwf aom arQmv f ifjh cif; &Sdaeoljzpfonfqdkygu ½dk;om;pGm0efcHawmif;yefzdkYtcsdef,lyg/ xdkolwdkYtay:ü zdtm;csxm;zdt Yk wGuf tcsed , f yl g/ qkawmif;yg/ oif\ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;odYk ukojcif; ,laqmifvmzdYk ocifb&k m;tm; awmif;cHyg/ oifwEYkd pS Of ;D pvH;k ü vufawGUtrSew f &m; jzpfaom arQmv f ifjh cif;rsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d xm;zdjYk zpfonf/ tqHk;pGefü uREfkyfwdkY\ arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifü wnf&yg vdrfhrnf/ ol\EIwfuywfawmfü oltb,fodkYaom uwdawmfrsm;ü wnf&ygvdrfhrnf/ opöm&Sad ombk&m;jzpfonf/ ysuu f u G v f rd rhf nfr[kwyf gAsm/ qk awmif;yg/ ocifb&k m; oifonfom jznfq h nf;ay;Edik af om vdt k yfcsuf rsm;ESihf qHak wGUzdt Yk wGuf uREykf o f nf rnfonfah rQmv f ifjh cif;rsK;d rqdk uREykf \ f r,m;tay:ü csxm;olwpfa,mufjzpfaeyg

171 ovm;/ xdo k jYkdzpfonfqykd gu aus;Zl;jyKí uREykf t f m;jyyg/ þvdt k yfaomt&mrsm;ESihf qHak wGUzdo Yk ifu h kd ,HMk unfu;kd pm;Edik af om aus;Zl;awmfukd uREykf t f m;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;}} wdwq f w d pf mG aeí em;axmifyg/ oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfb&k m;onf oihu f kd tb,fojYkyd oaeygoenf;/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2/

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4/

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173 r&Sdygu aMumuf&GHUjcif;onf BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\ txJodkY0ifí BuD;yGm;wdk;wufjcif;rS uREfkyfwdkY tm; udk,fvufrvIyf&Sm; Edkifaom avoifwkef;jzwfygvdrfhrnf/ a,mufsm;rsm; onf olwdkY\r,m; rsm;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqH&mü trsKd;om;rsm; &ifqdkif&aom aMumuf&GHUjcif; wpfcsKUd &So d nfqo kd nfrmS tb,fenf;/ ZeD;r,m;rsm;onf olw\ Ykd a,mufsm; rsm;ESifhaygif; oif;qufqH&mü trsKd;orD;rsm;&ifqdkif&aom aMumuf&GHUjcif; wpfcsKdU &So d nfrmS tb,fenf;/ þt&mrsm;udk ausmv f mT ;atmifjrifzt Ykd wGuf oifawGUxm;aom txl;&S,fenf;vrf;rsm;&SdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ a,mufsm;rsm; &ifqdkif&aom rdef;rrsm; &ifqdkif&aom aMumuf&GHUjcif;rsm; aMumuf&GHUjcif;rsm; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5/ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ü vuf a wG U trS e f w &m;r[k w f a om arQmf v if h j cif ; rsm;onf pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif; wjznf;jznf;,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;ESifh pnf ; azmuf j cif ; twG u f ayguf y G g ;&majrwpf c k j zpf o nf / &ef o l o nf auseyfzG,fr&Sdaom rsKd;aphrsm;udkBuJjcif;? uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;tm; vufawGUrusaom tjrifESihf jyKpkjcif;? xkwfvkyfrItwGuf rD'D,mESihf azsmfajzyGJrsm;ukd yg;eyfpGm toHk;csonf/ acwå&yfí pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;rsm;ESifh uREfkyfwdkY\ rdwfzufrsm;tay:&Sd uREfkyfwdkY\½Ia'gifh tjrifudk raumif;onfhpdwf"mwf ul;ajymif;ysHUESHU apjcif;ESihf tusK;d oufa&mufapaom tifwmeufEiS phf mtkyrf sm;? r*¾Zif;rsm;? w,fvD aA;&Si;f jyojcif;rsm;? aw;*Dwrsm;? ½ky&f iS Zf mwf vrf;tp&So d nfwu Ykd k d tb,f o d k Y j yKvk y f x m;ygoenf ; / vuf a wG U trS e f w&m;r[k w f a om arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;udk qefYusifí uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwf0dnmOfESifh uREfkyf wdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;udk vrf;jyzdkY uREfkyfwdkY,lxm; Edkifaom vufawGUusaom ajcvSrf;rsm;&SdonfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ODOD;aqmifoluREfkyfwdkY\ rD'D,m a&G;cs,fjcif;rsm; twGuf vpfwrwf "mwfaq; ESifhprf;oyfjcif;wpfck uJhodkY zdvdyÜd? 4;8 udk a0rQyg/

174

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olonf pdwfxifonfhtwdkif;jzpf\/ pm;aomufawmh[kqdkaomfvnf; apwempdwfr&Sd/ - okwåH? 23;7 oifonf awmfpyfaomaqGrsK;d xde;f csKyjf cif;ESit hf wl cJ,Of;aom tajctae rsm;ESifh awGUBuHKae&oljzpfygovm;/ rnfonfhtrnf emrrqdk ray;bJ xdkt&mrsm;teuf wpfcktaMumif;udka0rQyg/ tu,fíoifonf pdefac: csufudk atmifjrifpGmausmfvTm;zdkYwwf pGrf;oljzpfonfqdkygu bk&m;ocif onf xdkenf;wljyKvkyfzdkYoifhudk tb,fodkYrponfudk &Sif;vif;ajymqdkjcif; jzpfonf/ tu,fí oifonf xdt k &mESihf ,aeYxw d ikd f yg0ifa&m,Suaf eol jzpfonfqykd gu oifonf enf;vrf;wus xdkt&mudk udkifwG,fzdkYoifhudk vkyfydkifcGifh tmPmtyfESif;zdkY bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftwGuf qkawmif; ay;zdkY oif\tkyfpkudk awmif;cHyg/

175 tcef;BuD;udk tusOf;csKyfjcif;

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oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf wefqmqifjcif;udk &Sif;vif;atmif vkyjf cif;onf bk&m;ocif Bu&H , G x f m;aom us,jf yefY apjcif;txJoYkd a&TUajymif;oGm;zdkY oifhudk ae&mcsxm; ay;vdrfhrnf/ cGifhvTwfjcif;onf pnf;azmufjcif;ESifh pnf;azmufol ESpfrsKd;pvHk; twGuf vGwfajrmufjcif;vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif \ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYonf vGwfvyfpGm jyKvkyfEkdifMu onf/ udk,fawmf\ cGifhvTwfjcif;udk vufcH&&Sdjcif; ESifh tjcm;olrsm; tm; twdkif;twmr&Sdaom cGifhvTwfjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;udk ajymif;vJapEdkifMuolrsm; r[kwfay/ wpfyg;aom bk&m;ocif wwfEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf olESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfEkdifonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtm; ajymif;vJapzdkY olYtm;0ifcGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ oif\r,m;twGuf aus;Zl;odwwfaom pdwf"mwfwpfckonf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfudk olwdkYtwGuf csJUxGifay;jcif;? cGifh vTwfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;twGuf oif\ESvHk;om;udk zGifhay;yg vdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYonf oiftygt0if ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh BuD;yGm;vm Edkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ oifonf cGifhvTwfjcif;udka&G;cs,fxm;aomtcg oifhrdom;pkxJ&Sd vlwdkif;onf atmifEkdifolrsm;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf arwåmonf aumif;pm;zdkYtwGuf uREfkyfwdkYtm; jzpfyGm;apjcif; aMumihf jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ xif&Sm;aomarwåmESifh &ifqdkifawGUBuHKjcif; jzpfonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd toufwmrsm;rS aMumuf&UHG jcif;udk ESix f w k jf cif;jzpfonf/ udk,fawmfarwåmonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYtxJü tvkyfvkyf zdkYcGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ysufuGufjcif;ESifh trSm;rsm;udk zHk;uG,fjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf tarGtESpt f opfwpfcw k nfaqmufjcif;rwdik rf D oifonf used q f jJcif;rsm;ESih f xdyw f u k d &f ifqik d &f ayrnf/ xdt k &monf oif\ rdom;pkuk d uyf a b;oif h a &muf a pygonf / c&pf a wmf \ pH k v if a om trIawmftm;jzifu h sed q f jJcif; wdik ;f onf acsreI ;f jcif;odaY k &mufonfAsm/ oif\tdraf xmifjyKjcif;twGuf tb,fojYdzk pfaom tajc taersm;ürqdk bk&m;ocifonf xdt k &mudak jymif;vJay;Edik f onf/ tb,fah Mumifq h akd omf bk&m;ocifonf xdkt&mxJü &Sdjcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif rwwfEikd af omt&m wpfpkH wpfcrk Qr&Syd gAsm/

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xíwnfaqmufjcif; a,½Ionf xdkolwdkYukd ac:awmfrlí oifwdkYodonfhtwdkif; avmuD rif;wdkYonf tpdk;w& jyKwwfMu\/ tuJtrSL;wdkYonf tmPmxm; wwf Mu\/ oifwdkYrlum; xdkodkYrjyKMuESihf/ vlom;onf olwpfyg;ukd appm;jcif; iSmrvm? olwpfyg;tapudkcHjcif;iSm ¤if;rdrdtoufukdpGefYí vlrsm;udk a&G;&G,fiSm ¤if;<uvmonfjzpfí xdkenf;wloifwdkYwGif tuJtrSL;jyKvdkaom oludk oifwdkYtapcHjzpfap/ oifwdkYwGif txG#ftjrwfvkyfcsifaomoludk vnf; oifwdkYuRefjzpfap[k rdefYawmfrl\/ (róJ ? 20;25 - 28)

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178 jcif;tdyfrufonf oif\ r,m;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf oif\toufwmudk qufuyf tyfESH apaomtm;jzihf tdyfrufjcif;jzpfonf/ aus;Zl;jyKí jiif;cHkajymqdkjcif;udk ckcHyg/ þpmtkyfukd atmufodkY csxm;zdkY jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwf aemufxyfvmrnhf tcef;Bu;D twGuf uckejf rL;wl;jcif; jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tapcHjcif; pdwful;pdwfoef; tawG;tac: ukd owdxm;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ BuD;rm;aom pdwfx<ujcif;ukd yHkaoay: aygufvmapjcif;r[kwfay/ ¤if;onf pdk;&GHUxdwfvefYapjcif;ukdyif odkYr[kwf pdwfyg vufygr&Sdjcif;twGuf rIwfoGif;xm;aom cHpm;csufESihfomí jzpfwef &maomt&mjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY onfomí BudKufESpfoufjcif;odkYr[kwf vdkvm;awmifhwjcif;? wpfjcm;pdwf0ifpm; aom t&mrsm;twGuf wnf&adS eaom bmom&yftawG;tac:wGif rod;k roefjY zpfí wGeq Yf w k o f mG ;apzdYk apmihMf uyfMunh½f I olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdu k mvü bk&ifwum bk&ifEiS fh bk&m;ocif\ om;awmfocif a,½Ionf uREykf w f t Ykd wGuf tb,foYkd taumif;qH;k ukd aqmif&Gufay;aom tapcHwpfOD;jzpfvmzdkY a&G;cs,fjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ taumif;qHk;pdwf0ifpm; rIrsm;onf ol\ tBuD;rm;qHk;aom oufqdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ MoZmtmPm vTr;f rk;d jcif;twGuf olonf ae&mrSeu f dk jiif;y,fonf/ bk&m;ocifEiS fh vltMum;&Sd acsmufBuDudk wHwm; xdk;ay;zdkY txl;tcGifhta&;jzpfonf/ ,cktcg xdo k jYkd zpfaeonf/ olonf bk&m;ocifEiS fh uREyfk w f t Ykd m; jyefvnfoihjf rwfapzdt Yk wGuf enf ; vrf ; wpf c k j yK vk y f a y;ol j zpf o nf / xl ; vG e f a om touf w mwpf c k E S i h f touf&SifzdkY uREkfyfwdkYtm; pGrf;aqmifapEdkifjcif;tm;jzihf aysmfarGUjcif;? vdkvm;awmihf wjcif;ESihf uREfkyfwdkY\ teuf½dIif;qHk; tdrfrufrsm;udk pHkvifap&mü ESpfoufarGU avsmfapoljzpfonf/ olESihfwlvmolrsm;jzpfzdkYjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf udk,fydkif toufudk pGefYvTwf&onhfwdkif olonfuREkfyfwdkY\ <u,f0aom toufwmukd zefwD;ay;zdkY urf;vSrf;ay;oljzpfonf/ þt&monf a&S;xHk; pOfvmr&Sday/ vkyfief; twGuf uefYowfcsufr&Sdaom enf;emonf aygif;oif;qufqHrI tm;vHk;udk tb,fodkY vrf;aMumif;ay;&aom uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf pHEIef;jzpfonf/ ,ckjzpfonfrSm xdkokdYjzpfonf/ wefqmqifjcif;ukd &Sif;vif;atmif vkyfxm;onf/ oifonf tdrfrufxJü&Sdaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd wnfaqmufzdkY tcGifhta&;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif wpfckwnf;aom enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ oifonf oif\vufrxyfrD tdrfrufukd 0efcHvdrfhrnf/ tu,fí oifonf ¤if;twGuf

179 oif\toufwmudk tvJtz,fjyKvyk o f jl zpfonf qdyk gu xdt k &monf csr;f omokc twGuf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;xm;aom taqmuftOD;yHkpHjzpfonf/ aumif;uif EkdifiHawmfü oifonf vGwfvyfpGm ta0;odkY ay;tyfxm;aom t&mrsm;ukdom xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufoljzpf onf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü oifvdkcsifaom pHkvifjcif;? arwåmESihfaysmf ydkufjcif;onf oif\r,m;tzdkYtvdkYiSm oifonfoif\ taumif;qHk; pdwf0ifpm;jcif;rsm;twGuf rjywfjyKusihfaom trIudk qufuyftyfESH aom tcsdefüom a&muf&SdvmEdkifonf/ trsm;qH k ; pd w f ' k u © a&muf a omc&pf , mef r sm;onf ud k , f w d k i f t wG u f rjywfjyKusihfaom trIESihftwl wpfvHk;wpf0wnf; avmifuRrf;apzdkY apmifhMuyf Munh½f o I nf[í l oifonf xdt k &mudo k rd w S x f m;ygovm;/ tm;vH;k teuf trsm;qH;k ud k , f t *F g roef p G r f ; ol r sm;onf tjcm;rnf o l twG u f r qk d b,f a omtcgrQ rnf o nh f t &mud k jyKvk y f r nf h o l r sm; r[k w f a y/ xd k t &monf ocif a ,½I ü wnfjcif;taMumif;aMumihjf zpfonf/ tapcHjcif;twGuf ocifa,½I\ 0dnmOfa&;&m ]'Dtefat}onf uREfkyfwdkY \ ZmwdyuwdtxJodkY 0ifí &ufvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tqHk; pGef tapcHoljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonftapcHrsm;uJhodkY tapcHjcif; tjcm;t&mrsm;tMum;ü tb,foYkd yg0ifaomolüwnfaom uREyfk w f \ Ykd xyfwlxyfrQjzpfjcif;udk ayGUydkufxm;zdkY jiif;y,fMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonfudk,f awmf\ ajymif;vJ ay;aom wefcdk;awmfrS rdrdudk,frdrd wpfoD;wpfjcm;xm; jcif;jzpfonf/ þ wefcdk;awmf onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESihf bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif; touf w mud k wnf a qmuf z d k Y r &S d r jzpf vd k t yf a om wef c d k ; jzpf o nf / oltouf&SifouJhodkY touf&Sifaexdkifaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkt&mudkom csOf;uyfqufqH&ef vG,fulEdkifygonf/ tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYonf tapcHjcif;r&Sdol jzpfonf qdkygu uREkfyfwdkYonfvdkcsifaomtdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd wnfaqmufEdkifjcif; r&SdMuolrsm;jzpfonf/

i,fom;jzpfvmol wynhfawmfrsm;ESihftwl aemufqHk;npmpm;yGJtwGif; ocifa,½Ionf olESihf teD;qHk;rdwfaqGrsm;tm; ajymonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ ol\ aojcif;onf oufa&muftHhqJqJtcsdefjzpfonf/ olonf rMumrD opömazmufjcif; cH&vdrhfrnf/

180 olwdkYonf tb,fodkYwkefYjyefMuygoenf;/ OD;pGm yxrolwdkY onf ocifa,½Itm; opömazmufapzdt Yk wGuf rnfonht f cGit hf a&;rqdk pdwt f m;xufompGm jiif;y,fcMhJ u onf/ xdktcg olwdkYonf olwdkYrsm;teuf wpfOD;onfBuD;jrwfqHk;jzpfaMumif;udk tjiif;tcHkajymqdkjcif; wpfcktxJodkY vQifjrefpGm ul;ajymif;vdkufMuonf/ tb,f r Qavmuf & ,f a rmzG , f a umif ; onf A sm/ ocif a ,½I o nf usa&mufrnfqJqJjzpfaom ol\aojcif;taMumif;udk tao;pdyfa0rQyg onf/ olEiS t fh eD;qH;k rdwaf qGrsm;tm;vH;k onf olw\ Ykd Bu;D jrwfq;kH taMumif; udk tjiif;tcHk ajymqdMk uonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdu k rf aJ om olwu Ykd kd MunhNf y;D wkejYf yefvu kd o f nfrmS ]]oifwdkYrlum; xkdodkYrjyKMuESihf/ oifwdkYwGif tuJtrSL;jyKaomoludk i,fom;uJhodkYjzpfap/ tkyfpdk;aom oludkvnf; tapcHuJhodkYjzpfap/ tb,folonf omíBuD;jrwfygoenf;/ pm;yGJü avsmif;aomol onf BuD;jrwf oavm/ vkyfauR;aomolonf BuD;jrwfoavm/ pm;yG J ü avsmif;aomolonf BuD;jrwfonf r[kwfavm/ odaYk omf vnf; igonf oifwdkYwGif vkyfauR;aom oluJhodkY jzpf\/} } (vk?22;26-27) ocif a ,½I \ pum;rsm;onf tjrif t m;jzih f abmvH k ; upm;yG J u J h o d k Y wynhfawmfrsm;udk ½dkufykwfjcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrhfrnf/ olwdkYonf xkdt&mudk &Sif;vif;atmif vkyfxm;MuonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ olwdkYonf BuD;jrwfjcif;udk pdw0f ifpm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ ,ckoo l nf xko d w l t Ykd m; ajymjyonfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ weyfpmBuD;jrwfaomolwdkYonf tapcH&mwGif txl;aumif;rGef&vdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif ocifa,½Ionf cufcJaom pum;rsm;ESihfom &yfwefYoGm; jcif;r&Sday/ wpfpHkwpf&mjyKvkyfzdkY qufvufíomajymonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ ol\wynhfawmfrsm;onf jiif;y,fjcif;ESihfomí uoduatmuf Edkifatmifyif jyKvkyfMuonf/ or®musrf;pmu ajymonfrSm crnf;awmfonf tvHk;pHkwdkYudk ol\vufodkY tyfay;awmfrlonfukd ¤if;olonfbk&m;ocifxHawmfrS xGufvmonfudk¤if;bk&m;ocif xHodkY <uoGm;rnfudk ¤if;a,½Ionf odawmfrlonfESihf pm;yGJrSxí 0wfvHkawmf udk cRwNf y;D vQif y0guk, d í l "g;udpk nf;awmfr\ l / xdaYk emufraS &udk tifwükH avmif;í wynhfawmfwdkY\ajcudkaq;NyD;rS cg;üpnf;aom y0gESihf okwf awmfrl\/ (a,m? 13;3-5)

181 þpmyd'k Ef iS pfh yfvsO;f í tb,fot Ykd MhH oapjcif;jzpfonfrmS ocif a,½Ionf wynhfawmfrsm;\ajcudk tb,faMumihf aq;aMumay;jcif;jzpf onf/ wpfcGef;wnf; aom pum;ESihf tvdktavsmuf eD;eD;uyfuyf tav;*½kjyKjcif;tm;jzihf tajzukd awGUjrif&ygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf t&m&mwdkif;tay: vkyfydkifcGifhtmPm ay;tyf xm;jcif;cH&oljzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihfolonf rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif tedrfhqHk;aom tapcHwpfOD;\ wm0efudk ayGUydkufxm;oljzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rSm;,Gif;aom ESdrhfcsjcif; ESihf ½kef;uefcJh&onfr[kwfyg/ wefcdk;awmftwGuf ol\ tajctae&mxl;ukd xifxifvif;vif; todtjrif&Sdoljzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif ol\ ta0;qHk;odkY a&mufaeaom tcGifhtmPmukd tvGJoHk;jcif; odkYr[kwf 0ihf0gjcif; udk,fpm; jzpfonf/ ol\ tajctae&mxl;udk vkyfief;twGuf r[kwf wef&maom vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktwGuf pifjrihfwpfckuJhodkY toHk;jyKxm;oljzpfonf/ yxr&mpk x J ü vrf ; rBuD ; rsm;onf ausmuf c if ; xm;jcif ; r&S d a y/ c&D ; oG m ;ol r sm;onf zd e yf w pf & H a umuf , l E k d i f a om wif ; yk w f r &S d y g/ vl r sm;onf oJajray:vrf;avQmufMu&onf/ (zdeyfvHk;0r&Sdyg) xdkYaMumihf olwdkY\ ajcrsm;onf azmazmoDoD npfywfjcif;ESihf tuG,ftumr&SdbJ xm;onf/ wd&dpämefrsm;ESihf &ifqikd Mf u&onf/ ¤if;onf ajymzdaYk b;uif;onfrmS xdo k Ykd jzpfonf/ þywf0ef;usiüf yk y f a pmf e H j cif ; ? ajcaxmuf z H k a yjcif ; wd k Y o nf acwf r S D w d k ; wuf í rod E d k i f a om tqihftwef;wpfckodkY o,faqmifvmay; aomt&mrsm;jzpfonf/ azmazmoDozD rkH eI rYf sm;ESiafh yaom ajcaxmufrsm;taMumif;aMumihf uRerf sm; odrYk [kwf tapcHrsm;onf olw\ Ykd t&Sio f cifajcukd aq;aMumzdYk awmif;qdMk uonf/ olwkdY\ {nhfonfrsm;\ ajcudk aq;aMumay;zdkY awmif;qdkMuonf/ csrf;om<u,f0 aom td r f w pf t d r f ü ajrmuf r sm;pG m aom wm0ef r sm;&S d o nf / tcef ; rsm;ud k oef&Y iS ;f a&;vkyjf cif;? tpm;tpmrsm; BuKd wifjyifqifxm;jcif;? NyKd ijf rif;rsm;ukd tkycf sKyf pDrHcefYcJGjcif;tp&SdonfwdkY jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif ajcaxmufaq;aomtvkyfonf tedrfhqHk;? tapcH jcif;twGuf oD;oefYz,fxm;onf/ wpfcsdKUaom t0dkif;t0ef;ü cefYxm;aom &mxl;ESihfomíyif a0;uGmygonf/ þnpfayaomvkyfief;onf trsdK;orD; tapcHrsm;twGuf oufouftvkyfay;xm;onf/ ]]rxkdkufwefjcif;}} wpfck wnf;udo k mpOf;pm;jcif;onf atmhEv S ;kH emjcif;ESifh ESrd cfh sjcif;taMumif; aMumihf wpfpHkwpf&m vkyfzdkYvkHavmufonf/

182 ocifa,½Ionf trIawmfvkyfief;twGuf tajccHtusqHk;aqmif &Gufjcif; udk taumiftxnfazmfzYkd a&G;cs,o f nf/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf olonf tapcH&mü ol\oifcef;pmonf ta&;BuD;onfukd ol\wynfhawmfrsm;em;vnfzdkY vdktyfjcif; aMumihf jzpfonf/ olonf pmoifq&mwpfOD; uJhodkY ol\&mxl;yHkaqmifcsuf wpfckjzpfaom ol\0wfvHkawmfudkyif cRwfvdkufonf/ uRefwpfOD;uJhodkY ol\"g;ukd yk0gwpfckESihf&pfywfxm; onf/ olYudkpGefYcGmoGm;jcif; odkYr[kwf opömazmufjcif; rMumrjrihfrD jiif;y,f vdrhfrnfholrsm;\ ajcrsm;udk aq;aMumzdkYjzpfonf/ xd k o d k Y o l w d k Y \ ajcuk d aq;awmf r l N yD ; rS wzef 0 wf v H k u d k 0wf í avsmif;awmfrlvsuf oifwdkYü igjyKcJhaom trIudk em;vnfMuo avm/ oifwo Ykd nf ighut kd &Sib f &k m;[lívnf;aumif;? ocif[í l vnf;aumif; ac:wwf M u\/ xd k p um;vnf ; [k w f r S e f a om pum;jzpf \ / taMumif;rlum; oifwdkYac:Muonhftwdkif; igrSef\/ igonfocifjzpf vsuf t&Sif bk&m;vnf; jzpfvsufESihf oifwdkY\ ajcudkaq;vQif oifwdkY onf tcsif;csif;wdkY\ ajcudkaq;&Murnf/ igonf oifwdkYü jyKouJhodkY oifwo Ykd nf jyKapjcif;iSm yHo k ufaoukd jycJNh y/D igtrSeq f u kd m; uREykf o f nf ocifxufomí BuD;jrwfonf r[kwf/ wrefonfvnf; apvTwfaom olxufBu;D jrwfonf r[kw/f þt&mrsm;ukd oifwo Ykd í d odonftwdik ;f usifhvQif r*Fvm&SdMu\/ (a,m 13;12-17) wynhfawmfrsm;ajcukd aq;ay;NyD;aemuf ocifa,½Ionf 0wfvHkudk jyef0wfygonf/ pmoifq&mwpfOD;uJhodkY ol\tqihftwef;ukd oljyef,ljcif; jzpf onf/ wynfhawmfrsm; b,faomtcgrQ arhaysmufvdrhfrnfr[kwfaom oifcef;pm wpfcktay: aMuuGJzG,f tqHk;owfjcif;ESihf csa&;xm;onf/ xm0&ta0;qDodkY aqmif,ljcif;onf t"dutcsufav;csufESifh tusOf; csKyfEdkifonfrSm 1/ pmoifq&mESifh ocifuo hJ Ykd uREyfk o f nf oif\tqH;k pGeyf kH oufao jzpfonf/ 2/ uREfkyfonf þatmufwef;uspGm aqmif&Gufjcif;udk yHkazmfzdkY qE´jyif;jypGm &SdpOfuwnf;u ¤if;udkpOf;pm;raeygESihf odkYr[kwf trIawmf vkyfief; twGuf tjcm;rnfonhfaqmif&GufrIrqdk oifhatmufrSm &Sdonf/ 3/ uREkfyfonf oif\t&Sifocifjzpfonf/ oifxufomí BuD;jrwfaom

183 wpfOD;wnf;aomoljzpfonf/ ,aeYwdkif atmufwef; tusqHk; tapcH oluJhodkY tapcHzdkY qE´jyif;jyoljzpfonf/ 4/ tapcH uRef a cgif ; aqmif r I t wG u f uREf k y f \ yH k o uf a oud k vd k u f e m aqmif&Gufaomolrsm;tm; aumif;csD;ay;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/

tapcHzdkY ac:awmfrljcif; ocifa,½IajymonfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfonf/tu,fí uREykf w f o Ykd nf ud, k af wmf\ yHo k ufaotwdik ;f vdu k ef maqmif&u G o f rl sm;jzpfonfqykd gu uREykf w f o Ykd nf aumif;Bu;D r*FvmcHpm;&rnhfolrsm;jzpfonf/ þodkY t"dyÜg,f oufa&mufygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ &nf & G , f c suf r sm;twG u f tapcH a om enf ; vrf ; ü ol Y u d k t wk c d k ; aomtcg ol\aumif;csD;r*Fvmonf uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü wnfayvdrhfrnf/ uREf k y f w d k Y o nf topf p xG i f a om enf ; vrf ; tm;jzih f ocif a ,½I u d k twk,lzdkYoifhukd cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;jcif; r[kwfyg/ npOfajcaq;aMum jcif; 0wfjyKjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ t"dutcsufrSm uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm; xJodkY ol\tapcHjcif;yHkpHudk rdwfqufay;zdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf trI awmfvkyfief; twGuf pifjrihfuJhodkY ½dkaoav;jrwfjcif;tqihftwef;rsm;udk toHk; jyKaomtcg uREf k y f w d k Y o nf td r f a xmif j yK&mü c&pf a wmf \ taumif ; qH k ; yHk oufaoudk twk,Ml uolrsm;jzpfonf/ &Siaf ygvka&;om; xm;onfrmS &efawGUvdkaompdwf? tcsnf;ESD;ausmfaZmudwådudk wyfrufaom pdwf&Sdí tb,ftrIudkrQ rjyKESihf/ a,½Ic&pfü&Sdaom xdkpdwf oabmudk oifwdkY vnf;&SdapMuavmh/ (zdvdyÜd 2;3? 5 xnhfoGif;xm;aom tm½HkjyKcsuf jzpfonf/) c&pfawmf\ pdwo f abmonf tb,foeYkd nf;/ olu, kd w f ikd t f xuf ü&Sad om tjcm;olrsm;twGuf taumif;qHk;pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;ukd arQmfMunhf jcif; cH&ol tapcHwpfOD;uJhodkY udk,fwdkifMunhfzdkY a&G;cs,fxm;oljzpfonf/ cspf&aomolrsm; twGuf taocHjcif;tm;jzihf olonf ¤if;udw k pfzufowf ,laqmifxm;oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf tqHk;pGef qufuyftyfESHjcif; jyKvkyfxm;jcif; tay:&Sdaom vltrsm;pkonf b,faom tcgrQawmfrljcif; cH&vdrhfrnfr[kwfay/

184 odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf olwdkY ukd,fpm; uREfkyfwdkY\ twåA[dkjyKjcif;ukd pGefYypfzdkY ac:awmfrljcif;cH&aom olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf tapcHjcif;onfyifvQif vGefpGmBuD;jrwfonf/ ¤if;onf yifvQif bk&m;ocif\ aumif;csD;r*Fvmudk zdwfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ omí rsm;aom vlrsm; onf xdkt&mudk tb,faMumihf rjyKvkyfMuygoenf;/ jyóemonf usqif;oGm; aom uREfkyfwdkY\ vlom;Zmwdjzpfonf/ bk&m; ocif\ 0dnmOfawmf enf;vrf;udk tpOfrjywftb,fodkY qefYusifwdkufcdkuf jcif;jzpfonf/ udk,fydkifpdwf0ifpm;rIrsm; udk,fydkifyef;wdkifrsm; jyKvkyfzdkY uREfkyf wdkYtm; cGeftm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ udk,fum,wyfrufjcif;rSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/uREfkyfwdkYonf ¤if;\ wdk;vQdK;awmif; yefjcif;rsm;ukd pHkvifap ygonf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkt&mudk tb,frQ avmufajrmufrsm;pGm jyKpjk cif;onf taMumif;csi;f &mr[kwaf y/ vlom;obm0Zmwd onf omírsm;pGm tpOftNrJvdkcsifygvdrhfrnf/ tjypfw&m;ESihf jynhf0aom Zmwd oabmonf wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;ESihf ra&mihf&JEdkifjcif;ukd tpOfrjywf jr§ifhwif ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ azmfjyyg taMumif;tcsufrsm;ukd axmufí bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf xm0&pHkvifjcif;ukdurf;vSrf;ay;jcif;ESihf twåqefjcif;udk vkyfydkif cGihftmPmtyfESif;jcif;jzpfonf/ wpfckpDaom cPwmtcsdefwpfckudk a&G;cs,fxm; olrsm;jzpfonf/ udk,fum,wyfruf jcif;twGuf avmbBuD;aom wyfrufjcif; tm;jzihf odkYr[kwf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf vrf;jy&ay vdrhfrnf/ taMumif;rlum; Zmwd? yuwdESihf 0dnmOfyuwdonf wyg;ESihfwyg; qefu Y siaf omtvd&k MdS u\/ wyg;ESiw fh yg; qefu Y sib f ufjzpfí oifwo Ykd nf usifhcsifaomtusihfudk rusifhEdkifMu/ (*vmwd ? 5;17) ocifa,½Ionf uREykf w f \ Ykd tjypfEiS fh jynh0f aom ZmwdyuwdrS vGwaf jrmuf apoljzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumihf uREyfk w f o Ykd nf toufwmrsm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG qufvufí ay;Ek d i f y gonf / u,f w if j cif ; w&m;onf o mí rsm;rsm;&,l z d k Y uREf k y f w d k Y t m; vTwx f m;ay;jcif;r[kwyf g/ ¤if;onf omírsm; rsm;ay;zdYk uREykf w f t Ykd m; vTwx f m;jcif; jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvka&;om;onfrSm ]]nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdkYonf vTwfjcif;tcGihfudk &aomoljzpfMu\/ odaY k omf vnf; Zmwdyuwdtm;tcGiu f h ak d y;í xdv k w T jf cif;udk roH;k MuESi/f h tcsi;f csi;f cspí f trIcsi;f udk aqmif&u G Mf uavmh/ (*vmwd? 5;13) ü az:jyMuonf/

185 uREykf w f o Ykd nf vTwjf cif;ay;tyfxm;jcif;cH&Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdt k aMumif; aMumifh uREykf w f o Ykd nf toufwmrsm;udk qufuyfyal ZmfEikd o f l rsm;jzpfonf/ tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdudk,ftwGufom touf&SifMu onfqdkygu uREkfyfwdkYonf tjypfw&m;ESihf wu,hftwåqefjcif;twGuf vufatmufcHjzpfjcif;ESihf c&pfawmfü vTwfjcif;udk jzKef;wD;ypfolrsm;jzpf onf/ c&pfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufapzdkY tao cHjcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tjcm;olrsm;twGuf trIawmfaqmif&mü touf&Sifjcif; taMumif;udk oif,ljcif;tm;jzihf txl;ojzihf uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;twGuf uREfkyfwdkYonf &EdkiftmifjyKvkyfxm;aom <u,f0aom toufwmü &Sdaom tpdwftydkif;udk ,lxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/

'kwd,aeY

0dnmOfawmfESihf jynhf0jcif;

vlrsm;onf {zufMo0g'pmapmiftcef;BuD; (5)ü&Sdaom vGefpGmac: wGifxm; aom ]]tdraf xmifjyKjcif;pmyd'k }f } udk ud;k um;Muaomtcg olwo Ykd nf txl; ojzihf tyd'k if ,f (22)ESihf pwifMuonf/ wpfckwnf;aom xdkusrf;ydk'f onf 0efcHzdkY r,m;rsm;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif aygvk\ wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfjcif;onf trSefpifppfom íapmaom tcef;BuD;xJü pwifjcif; jzpf onf/ pHkvifpGm vufqkyfvufudkif xm;jcif;twGuf uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrf axmifjyK jcif;onf toif;awmfESihf c&pfawmf tMum; aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;udk tb,fodkYo½kyfay:atmif a&;om;azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ tydk'fi,f (18) udk aemufvSnfhMunhfMuygpdkY/ vGefusL;apwwfaom pyspf&nfESihf ,pfrljcif;udk a&Smifí 0dnmOf awmfESihf jynhfpHkvsuf&SdMuavmh/ ({zuf ? 5;18) rlv*&dbmompum;ü qufvufomG ;aeaom tawGUtBuKH jzpfonht f wdik ;f 0dnmOfawmftckd;taiGUESihf jynhf0jcif;jzpfpOfudk pHkvifjcif;&Sdaom a&;om;azmfjyjcif; uJo h Ykd þae&mü bmomjyefqx kd m;aom pum;jzpfonf/ wpfBurd w f nf;ESifh vHak vmuf jcif;r&Sday/ uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf pdwfEdI;<uapjcif;ESihf pHv k ifaom a&;om;azmfjyjcif;ESifh qufvufjznhq f nf;ay;jcif;r&Sad omtcg uREykf w f Ykd

186 onf wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifjznhfqnf;Edkifaom vdktyfjcif;rsm;udk jznhfqnf; ay;zdkY uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;tm; Munhfxm;&vdrhfrnf/ tu,fíoifonf wpfyg; wnf;aom bk&m;ocifurf;vSr;f ay;Edik af om aumif;Bu;D r*Fvmrsm; &nf&, G cf suEf iS fh t"dyÜg,fudk oif\toufwmü oGef;avmif;ay;zdkY oif\r,m;udk arQmfvifh xm;oljzpfon fqdkygu xdktcgwGif oifonf bk&m;ocif\arwåmudk o½kyf o@mefazmfzdkY pGrf;aqmif&nfr&SdEdkifjcif;? wjznf;jznf; ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;ESifh pdwftm;avsmhus jcif;udk oifudk,fwdkif awGUjrif&vdrhfrnf/ uREf k y f w d k Y \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; onf c&pf a wmf u d k wpf c k w nf ; aom xif[yfcsufjzpfonf/ trsdK;awmfpyfjcif;twGuf udk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfawmf onf uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;ü BudKqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\ u,f w if j cif ; w&m;awmf t wG u f axmih f c sKyf a usmuf j zpf o nf / od k Y & mwG i f oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;\ ukd,fpm; vS,fawmfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfEiS fh qufvufjynh0f apzdYk uREykf w f \ Ykd toufwmrsm;ukd cGijfh yKjcif;tm;jzihf uREykf w f o Ykd nf tjyKtrlrsm; ajymif;vJomG ;jcif;ESifh ESv;kH om;rsm; jyefvnfopfviG jf cif; ESihf awGUBuHK&Ekdifonf/ bk&m; ocifrdefYawmfrlonfrSm vS n h f j zm;wwf a om avmbpd w f w d k Y j zih f yk y f y suf a om vl a [mif ; ud k cRwfy,fí pdwfESvHk;oabmopfudk &NyD;vQif rSefaomajzmihfrwfjcif; oef Y & S i f ; jcif ; yg&rD t m;jzih f bk & m;ocif E S i h f t wl t rQ zef q if ; aom vlopfudk,lwif0wfaqmifrnftaMumif; c&pfawmf\pum;ukd Mum;em& onfjzpfí a,½Iü or®mw&m;&SdonfESihftnD xdkocifxHü enf;cHMuNyD ownf;/ zuf? 4;22-24) 0dnmOfawmfESihf wpfoD;wpfjcm;jzpfaom c&pfawmfuJhodkY tapcHjcif; ESihf cspfwwfzdkY BudK;pm;jcif;onf >yefacsmif;wpfckESihf qufoG,fxm;jcif; r&Sdaom tdrfjyify&Sd a&udk&,lzdkY BudK;pm;jcif;ESihfwlonf/ tdrfwpftdrfonf rdrdbmom a&udkxkwfvkyfEdkifpGrf;r&Sday/ ¤if;onf a&pD;aMumif;>yefwpfck omjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl uREfkyfwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ tcGihf tmPm tyfESif;xm; jcif;udk ayGUydu k x f m;aomtcgüonfom uREykf w f cYkd spf Muonf/ xdt Yk jyif bk&m;ocif vdkvm;aom enf;vrf;ESihf uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m; rsm;tm; tapcHjcif;jzpfonf/

187 pdwfqE´wefcdk;ESihf jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;aom tjyKtrlonf olYae&m ESio fh &l o dS nf/ od&Yk mwGif tqH;k pGeo f w l o Ydk nf ud, k u f m,wyfrufjcif;udk atmifjrifpmG ausmfvTm;jcif; odkYr[kwf uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;ukd jyefvnf opfvGifEkdifjcif; r&S d a y/ uREf k y f w d k Y o nf bk & m;ocif 0d n mOf a wmf w ef c d k ; ES i h f yk * ¾ d K vf a wmf u d k ayG U yd k u f x m;aom tcgüom uREf k y f w d k Y \ touf w mtm;jzih f touf w mü MoZmvTr;f rd;k aom ol\toufwm ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh awGUBuKH Edik Mf uolrsm; jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í aqmif&Guf csufrsm;ESihf c&pfawmfESihfwlaom pdwfoabmtm;jzihf ¤if;udk,fwdkif cif;usif;jyoxm;aom MoZmvTrf;rdk;jcif; wpfcjk zpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf awmfwefc;dk ESifh uRr;f 0ifjcif;r&Sb d J tjyKtrlukd jyKjyifajymif;vJapzdkY rnfonhf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrqdk vSnfhpm;jcif;ESihf wjznf;jznf; ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;odkY vrf;jyydkYaqmifygvdrhfrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKxm;aom trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf trsdK;om; rsm;xJrS ra&rwGufEkdifaom owif;pum;rsm;ukd vufcH&&Sdxm;jcif;onf t&Sdeftapmf vTrf;rdk;jcif;ESihf udk,fwG,fenf;tm;jzihf ysufpD;jcif;odkY a&mufygonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGm aom trItaMumif;t&if;rsm;ü þt&mrsm; toD;oD;onf or®musrf;pm\ ud, k af wGUA[kow k jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif aus;Zl;awmf ESihf 0dnmOfawmf\ arwåmr&Sad y/ tajzwpfckjzpfonftwdkif; wu,fajymaom xdkpum;rsm;onf vGwfajrmufjcif; twG u f ud k , f p m;jzpf o nf / xd k Y t jyif vk y f y d k i f c G i f h t mPmtyf E S i f ; jcif ; onf t&Suf&apjcif; odkYr[kwf ysufpD;NydKvJatmif atmufajcrS wl;qGjcif;ESihf e,fedrdwf owfrSwfzdkY toHk;jyK jcif;cH&aom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaom ewfqdk;rsm;onf rnfonhf ae&mürqdk twåqefjcif;? rD;cJjymzHk;ukd xif&Sm;apjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY onf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftrIawmfvkyfief;ESihf rdrdukd,fudktoHk;jyKjcif; r&S d a omtcg twå q ef j cif ; wnf ; [l a om wpf u d k , f a umif ; qef jcif ; onf aumif;pm;oGm;vdrhfrnf/ xdktaMumif;aMumifh uREkfyfwdkY\ tajccH rlvvufrxyfrSD tqifhtwef;uJhodkY vkyfief;udk y,fcsjcif;jzpfonf/ þtcef;BuD;\ usef&Sdaeaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;twGuf uREfkyfwdkY onf tdraf xmifjyKjcif; a&cHajrcHtwGi;f tapcHjcif;tm;jzihf uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif; rsm;udk wnfaqmufjcif;ESihf uREfkyfwdkYonf txufodkY a&pDaMumif; ay;Edkifjcif; twGuf uREfkyfwdkY\yef;wdkifonf or®musrf;qdkif&m rlabmifwpfckudk urf;vSrf;ay;zkYd jzpfonf/ þ0dnmOfawmfüwnfaom uREykf f wdo Yk nf twdwu f mv tjyKtrlorYkd [kwf

188 oifrh ,m;\ rnfonfh ypöKyeÜ f umvtwGurf qdk jypfwifajymqdzk Ykd vifph ifwpfcu k o hJ Ykd þtcef;Bu;D udk toH;k jyKzYkd r[kwyf gaMumif;udk oift h m;wdu k w f eG ;f ygonf/ a&SUodo Yk mG ;zdYk ¤if; udk rlabmifwpfckuJhodkY udk,fpm;toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf olwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tBuHtpnfawmfudk toa&&SdzdkY vdkvm; awmifhwaom xkdvifr,m;ESpfOD;pvHk;onf azmfjyygpnf;urf; atmuf&Sd þtawG; tac:pdwf"gwfudk rlabmifvkyfapolrsm;jzpfonf/ þt&monf tpOftNrJtrI aMumif;&if; r[kwfonfudk odxm;Muolrsm;jzpf onf/ tb,fodkYaom oif\ tajctaersm;ürqdk oifonf oif\r,m;udk ajymif;vJ ay;Edkifolr[kwfonfudk owdw&xm;yg/ tu,fí oifonf xked nf;wl vkyzf Ykd BuKd ;pm;aeoljzpfonfqykd gu oifonf bk&m;ocif\ enf;vrf;ESio fh m &Edik yf gvdrrfh nf/ ud, k af wmf\ 0dnmOfawmf trIawmf vkyif ef;twGuf oif\ESv;kH om;udk zGix hf m;yg/ oif\r,m;ü wpfO;D wnf; tb,fodkY vkyf Edkifoltm; tvkyfvkyfzdkY olYtm; tcef;ay;yg/

o½kyfaqmifjcif;ESihf xyfwlxyfrQjyKjcif;rsm; tapcHjcif;twGuf o½kyfaqmifjcif;taMumif;udk em;vnfzdkY uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tm;jzihf ,lwif0wfaqmifxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf xyfrHí wpfBudrf{'ifO,smOfawmfodkY jyefoGm;í MunhfzdkYvdk tyfygonf/ xdkodkY bk&m;ocifonf rdrdyHko@mefESihftnD vludkzefqif;awmfrl\/ bk&m;ocif\ yHko@mefawmfESihftnD vla,musfm;ESihf vlrdef;rudk zefqif;NyD;vQif/ (u 1;27) a,musmf ;ESifh rde;f rESpOf ;D pvH;k onf bk&m;ocif\ Zmwdukd xif[yf apaom yHko@mefawmf o,faqmifolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif ajrBuD;ay:&Sd bk&m;ocif\ Zmwdudkcif;usif;jyo&mü wlnDwlrQ ta&;ygolrsm;jzpfonf/ vif ES i h f r,m; onf o½k y f a qmif o l r sm;jzpf o nf / wpf o D ; wpf j cm; xl;uJaom o½kyfaqmifolrsm;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmu olwdkY tb,fodkY tusdK; oufa&mufapjcif;taMumif;udk txl;xnho f iG ;f ay;aom t&mjzpf onf/ od&Yk mwGif þo½kyfaqmifolrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ rlvtpyHkpHESifhtwl vkyfzdkY jzpfonf/

189 uREfkyfwdkYonf ajrBuD;ay:ü bk&m;ocifyHko@mefawmfukd o,fydk; &Gufaqmifolrsm; uJo h Ykd zefqif;jcif;cH&olrsm; jzpfonf/ usqif;jcif; u þ&nf&, G cf suu f kd xifa,mif xifrSm;jzpfaponf/ odkY&mwGif c&pfawmf\ qufuyfylaZmfjcif;tm;jzihf xkdt&mudk jyefvnfwnfaqmufay;onf/ c&pfawmfü&Sdaom uREfkyfwdkY\ u,fwifjcif;w&m; onf xyfwljyKjcif; twGuf tOD;qHk;ESihf OD;pGmyxrajymif;vJjcif; wpfckjzpfonf/ rd w f a qG ? rd b ? "r® t rI a wmf a qmif wwf u Rrf ; ol ? r,m;? cif y G e f ; ? o½kyfaqmifjcif;r&SdbJ oif\ xyfwljyKjcif;onf wHydk;rIwfoHjzpfapEdkifonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf ajymif;vJjcif;wpfckonf o½kyfaqmifjcif;txJü &Sdjcif; aMumihjf zpfonf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ESiv fh yl sKd ) onf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ü ajymif;vJjcif;wpfckESihf wlnDwlrQonf[k rSwf,lEdkifjcif; r&Sday/ trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf trsdK;om;rsm; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf ,cifu a&SUawmfarSmufü aqmif&Gufxm; Muonf twdkif; tdrfaxmifjyKNyD;aemufydkif; bk&m;ocif\ rsufvHk;rsm;ü tzdk;xdkufwefjcif; uJhodkYjzpfonf/ 0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;onf (txl; ojzihf trsdK;orD;rsm;jzpfonf) xdkodkY cHpm;Mu&onf/ olwdkY\ wefzdk;onf tdrfaxmifjyKNyD; aemufydkif;toGiftjyif ajymif;vJoGm;onf[lí cHpm;Mu&onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm; aMumuf&GHUjcif;&SdonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ olwdkY\ cifyGef;rsm;tm; *kPfoa&&SdapzdkY jzpf o nf / ol w d k Y o nf ul 0 if a om t&mü od k Y r [k w f ta&;ygaomt&mü 'kw, d tqihjf zpfvm&ayrnf/ þjyZmwftm;jzihf trIawmfvyk if ef;ESifh arwåmtwGuf ta&;,l a qmif & G u f z d k Y x í vk y f a qmif jcif ; xuf omvG e f o nf / ol r onf t&mtm;vHk;udk pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif; &Sd onhfwdkif tapcHb0ESihf wGefYqkwfjcif; &Sdaom rdef;rjzpfonf/ tptOD;wGif ¤if;onf xdkodkYay:xGef;vmEdkifpOftwGif; cifyGef;onf þtpDtpOfrS tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;jzpfonf/ olonf xdkt&mudk jyKvkyfol r[kwfyg/ trSefw&m;tm;jzihf twåqefjcif;onf b0[efyefwpfckuJhodkY arG;jrLxm;aomtcg ESpOf ;D pvk;kH aysmufu, G o f mG ;ygonf/ tdraf xmifjyKjcif; ütwltrSs rdwzf ufwpfO;D uJo h Ykd ol\r,m;udk½Ijrifjcif; r&dSaom a,musmf; wpfOD;onf &if;ESD;aomaygif;az:jcif; wpfckudkcdk;,ljcif;omr[kwf? &SifoefjyD; rsm;vmzdkYtwGuf tBuD;rm;qkH;aom tcGifhta&;rsm; teufwpf ckvnf; aysmufqHk;jcif;odkUa&mufonf/ ocifa,½Ionf toif;awmfukd tapcHjcif; uJo h o Ykd w l \ Ykd r,m;rsm;udk tapcHMuaomtcg trsKd ;om;

190 rsm;onf omí c&pf a wmf E S i f h w l v mMuol r sm;jzpf o nf / ocif a ,½I o nf vrf;jyydkYaqmifjcif;ESifh olcspf&ygaom olrsm;tm;tapcHjcif;tm; jzihfol\ acgif;aqmifrKS jzpfjcif;udk yko H iG ;f xm;jcif;jzpfonfukd owwd&xm;yg/ *kPftoa&&Sdjcif;?&dkaoav;jrwfjcif;ESifharwåmonf vifr,m;ESpfOD;pvHk; twGufr&dSrjzpfvdktyfaom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ vifr,m;ESpfOD;pvHk; tapcHjcif; ES i f h v if r ,m;ES p f O D ; pvH k ; taMumif ; csif ; &mud p ö j zpf o nf / þenf ; emtm;jzih f tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk csOf;uyfjcif;onf trsdK;orD;rsm; ESifhtrsdK; om;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;udk axmufuljyKjcif; jzpfonf/ pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh tmPm\wefcdk;awmfjzpfonf/ MoZmtmPm ESifhcGef;tm; twGuf bk&m;ocif\ qkaus;Zl;jzpfonf/ xdkt&monf uGsEkfyfwdkY \zefqif;jcif; wpfcPwmtwGif; uGsEkfyfwdkYtm; ,HkrSwfíay;tyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/

t½SdeftapmfvGrf;rdk;jcif; = pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhtmPm tcsif;wdkYrsm;jym;pGmarG;oGm;Muavmh/ ajrBuD;udkjynfhapíEdkifMuavmh yifv,fig;wdkYudk ¤if;?rdk;&yfaumif;uif iSufwdkYudk¤if; touf½Sifí ajrBuD; ay:rSmvSKyf&Sm;wwfaom wd&dpämeftaygif;wdkYudk¤if; tkyfpdk;Mu avmh[k rdefYawmfrlí olwdkYudkaumif;MuD;ay;awmfrlí bk&m; ocif onf rdrdzefqif; orSsaomt&mwdkYudk Munfh½IvSsiftvGef aumif;onfudk jrifawmfrlí (u?1;28?31/) tptOD;ütrsdK;orD;rsm;ESifhtrsdK;om;rsm;onf &efolrsm;r[kwfMuay/ &if;&if;ESD;ESD;aygif;az:Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ twlwuGtvkyfvkyfMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ xl;jcm;aomyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onfwpfv;kH wpf0wnf;&daS om ESv;kH om; ESiahf oG;pnf;nDñw G f Muonf/ olwdkYonfwdkyGm;rsm;jym;íajrMuD;udkjynfhap zdkYtrdefYawmfwpfckESifh ,HkrSwfíay;tyfjcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPmudk olwdkYtm;ay;tyfxm;onf/ (rsm;jym;pGmarG;zGm; Muavmh/ ajrBuD;ukd jynhfapí EdkifMuavmh) tao;pdyfudk ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfzdkY olwdkYtm; cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdolwdkYtm; pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihf tmPmudk ay;tyfaom bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/

191 pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhtmPmonfxdef;csKyfjcif;odkYr[kwf tcGifhtmPm tkyfpdk;apaom wefzdk;awmfESifhwGJzufxm;onf/ 4if;onfMoZm vGrf;rdk;jcif; twGuf{&d,me,fy,f wpfcktaMumif;udka&;om;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ydkifqdkifxm;aom tmPmwefcdk; ESifhwGJzufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/aemufqHk;npm udk,fawGY0wåKtaMumif; udkoif,lxm; olrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuftvHk;pHkaom vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmjzpfonf/ rdef;rwpfa,muf (od k Y r [k w f ) a,musmF ; wpf O D ; OD ; twG u f , H k r S w f í ay;tyf x m;jcif ; onf olw\ Ykd wd;k yGm;jcif;ESit hf usKd ;aus;Zl; rsm;twGut f jcm;olrsm;udk tapcHzYkd ay;tyfxm; jcif;jzpfonf/ umr*k P f q uf q H a &;wd k u f y G J o nf usqH k ; oG m ;NyD ; aemuf y d k i f ; üpwif c J h jcif ; jzpf o nf / bk & m;ocif E S i f h o l \ zef q if ; jcif ; tMum;wG J v J u saeaom azguf ysuf j cif ; ES i f h t wl pwif j cif ; jzpf o nf / pd k ; rd k ; tk y f c sKyf y d k i f c G i f h t mPmonf ud k i f wG,fenf;ESifht½SdeftapmfvGrf;rdk;jcif;txJodkYajymif;vJjcif;enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ bk & m;ocif a y;tyf x m;aom cG e f t m;rsm;twG u f þazguf j yef j cif ; onf w if h w,f a vsmuf y wf a omaygif ; pnf ; jcif ; wpf c k t wG u f ol \ yH k p H ud k q ef Y u sif í pOf q uf r jywf a omppf y G J j zpf o nf / td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; onf w d k ; yG m ;rsm;jym;vm jcif;tpm;uGJjym;aomwefqmAvmwpfckjzpfonf/ tdraf xmifjyKjcif;onf½ek ;f uefjcif;wefc;kd awmfwpfck jzpfapzdb Yk ,faomtcg rQudk,fpm;jyKvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf tvGefuGJ jym;jcm;em;aom cGet f m;ESit hf vGeu f jJG ym;jcm;em;aomwyef;omjcif;ESit hf wl vlEpS Of ;D xGuaf y:vmjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf wdk;yGmrsm;jym;vmjcif;twGuf tcGifhta&;zefwD;zdkY þodkYuGJjym; jcm;em;aomt&mrsm;udktoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&monf jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif; twG u f tvH k ; pH k a ombk & m;ocif \ t MuH t pnf t pd w f t yd k i f ; jzpf o nf / ocifa,&IajymonfrSm ]]vl o m;onf aysmuf a omol w d k Y u d k & S m íu,f w if t H a omiS m <uvm ownf;/}} (vk ? 19;10) 4if ; onf o míajrmuf r sm;pG m jzpf v mtzd k Y t wG u f wm0ef w pf c k u d k o,fydk;&Gufaqmifaom tcgü uREfkyfwdkYonf owif;aumif;ra&mufao; aom ae&mtwGuf wpfckwnf;aom {0Ha*vdvkyfief;taMumif;udk a&; om;azmfjyzdkY þusrf;ydk'fudk rMumcP em;vnfMu&onf/ ocifa,½I onf aysmufaomolrsm;

192 twGufom <uvmjcif;r[kwf/ tb,fodkY aysmuf oGm;olrsm;udkvnf; u,fwifzdkY <uvmonf/ usqif;oGm;jcif;ESihftwl uREfkyf wdkYonf bk&m;ocifESihf rdwfo[m, zGJUjcif;aysmufqHk;oGm;&ygonf/ odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkYonf tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufESihf wpfa,muf wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;aom aygif;oif;qufqjH cif;onfvnf; aysmufu, G f oGm;&onf/ þt&monf vifESihfr,m;? om;orD;ESihf rdb? nDrESihftpfr? nDESihf tpfudk aygif;oif; qufqHjcif;tygt0if aysmufuG,foGm;onf/ xkdYtjyif uREfkyfwdkY onf zefqif;jcif;ü tjcm;usef&Sdaeao;aom t&mrsm;ESihftwl wihfw,favsmuf ywfaom aygif;oif;qufqHjcif; aysmufuG,foGm;&onf/ u,fwifjcif; w&m;awmftwGuf ocifa,½I\ trIawmfvkyfief; onf aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfodkY a&mufonfwdkif &Sifoefjcif;xufomírsm;jym;p&m taMumif;&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf ,ckb0ü &SmazGawGU&Sdjcif;ESihf <u,f0aom toufwm taMumif;jzpfonf/ vuf0g;uyfwdkiftaMumif;aMumihf 'ku©a0'em aysmufuG,f oG m ;aom aygif ; oif ; quf q H j cif ; wd k i f ; ü jyef v nf wnf a qmuf j cif ; twG u f wefc;kd tmedoif&o dS nf/ þodYk t"dygÜ ,f oufa&mufygonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf ,ckb0 uREkfyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü ukocsrf;omjcif;ESihf &ifqdkifawGUBuHK &Edkifonf/ trsdK;orD;ESihf trsdK;om;rsm;onf wpfvHk;wpf0wnf; jzpfMuonftwdkif; xyfrHí wpfBudrftouf&SifEkdifygonf/ wpf v H k ; wpf 0 wnf ; aom &nf & G , f c suf E S i h f wpf v H k ; wpf 0 wnf ; aom ESvHk;om;&SdMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmMuonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifajymjcif;jzpfonfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfonf/ xdt k &yfü wpfv;kH wpf0 wnf;&Sad om ae&mjzpfonf/ olonfaumif;csD;r*Fvmwpfckudk trdefYay;jcif;jzpfonf/ qm?

133udk zwfygav/ uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwf0dnmOftwGuf &efolonf bk&m;ocif\ aumif ; csD ; r*F v mES i h f awG U BuH K zd k Y uREf k y f w d k Y t m; vd k v m;jcif ; r&S d a y/ ol o nf wd;k yGm;rsm;jym;vmzdYk uREykf w f t Ykd m; vdv k m;ol r[kwaf y/ xdaYk Mumifh olonf uREykf w f \ Ykd aoG;pnf;nDñGwfjcif;udk zsufqD;ypfzdkY ol\wefcdk;awmfESifh t&m&mwdkif;ukd jyKvkyfol jzpfonf/ pd;k rd;k jcif;twGuf vSnjfh zm;jcif;udk qefu Y sií f tcdik t f rmajymqdk jcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf ajrBuD;ay:ü Oya'jyKxm;aom ol\tvdkawmfudk awGUjrifzdkY bk&m; ocifESifh rdwfzGJUoljzpfonf/ ,cktcg uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyK&mü trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf trsdK;om;rsm; onf tb,foYkd tapcHjcif;uGjJ ym;aom o½kyaf qmifjcif;rsm; twGuf aqG;aEG;ajymqdk

193 jcif;ukd omírsm;aom ypfrSwfypfuGif;wpfcktxJodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;&vdrhfrnf/ pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhtmPmwefzdk;ESihf xyfwlxyfrQ jyKjcif;tay: bk&m;ocif\ tjrif½Iaxmifhudk em;vnfjcif;r&SdbJ wpfOD; wpfa,mufonf þoefY&Sif;aom t&mrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munhf&mü vrf;rSef rSvG,fulpGm aoGz,foGm;Ekdifonf/ tjcm; olrsm;txufü &Sdaom rsufESm& r,m;o½kyfaqmifjcif;ukd wnfaxmifay;jcif; jzpfonf/ o½kyfaqmifjcif;ESihf xyfwlxyfrQjzpfjcif;tMum; uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;udk tav;teuf 0efcHjcif;ESihf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ yxrOD;qHk; trdefYawmfudk tav;teuftav;xm;Muonf/ oifonf vifr,m;ESpfOD;pvHk; twGuf o½kyf aqmifjcif;udk tiftm;jynfph akH pjcif; tb,frQav;vHjcif;? tb,foYkd pdwfvIyf&Sm;x<ujcif;rsm;ukd awGU&vdrhfrnf[k uREfkyfwdkY ,HkMunfxm;onf/

wwd,aeY

a,musfm;wdkY oif\rdef;rudk apmifrjyKpkavmh xdkenf;wl a,musfm;wdkY qkawmif;jcif;trIü twm;tqD;r&Sdapjcif; iSm touf&Sifjcif;aus;Zl;awmfudk qufqHítarGcH&aomolcsif; uJhodkY owdynmESifh avsmn f pD mG ud, k cf ifyeG ;f ESit fh wl aeí tm;enf; aomolukd jyKpkonftwdkif; olYudk apmifrjyKpkMuavmh/ (1ay? 3;7) apmifrjyKpkjcif;onf enf;vrf;ESpfoG,fESihfoGm;aeonf/ or®musrf; pmu xdkt&mudk &Sif;vif;atmif jyKvkyfxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ vifr,m;ESpfa,muf pvHk;onf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf apmifr jyKpkMu&onf/ uREfkyfwdkY onf aemufydkif;ü r,m;rsm;\ o½kyf aqmifjcif; taMumif;udk ajym&Muygvdrhfrnf/ taMumif;rSm ,cka,musfm;\ o½kyf aqmifjcif;tay: A[dkcsufxm;MuygpdkY/ a,musfm;wdkY oif\rdef;ronf oifhatmufrSm &Sdaeolr[kwfyg/ olronf c&pfawmfü wnfaomoif\ tarGzufjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl oifonf olrtm; apmifrjyKpkzdkYjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkyfonf xdkt&mudk ajymaomtcg olronf oifxufomí tm;enf;oljzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m wefcdk;odkYr[kwf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm odrSwfjcif; xdkxGif;odjcif;twGufaMumihf olr\ wefcdk;tmedoif&Sdjcif; taMumif;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfay/ oif\ rdef;ronf udk,fum,ESihfqdkifaom ]]tm;enf;jcif;}}onf

194 oifxufomí enf;yg;aom tzdk;xdkufwefjcif;ukd jyKvkyfay;jcif;r[kwfay/ ¤if;\ wpfckwnf;aom t"dyÜg,frSm olronf oifjyKvkyfonhftwdkif; xdkenf;wlcHkwef; &Snf udzk x d m;Edik jf cif;r&Syd g/ &Siaf ygvk ajymp&mpum;rsm;onf taMumif; tcsuq f ikd f &m qef;ppf½rI w S jf cif;twGuf oabmxm;xkwjf yefcsuw f pfck jzpfonf/ xdu k w f efjcif; twGuf xkwfjyefaMunmcsufwpfckr[kwfay/ þt&monf t"duta&;ygaom t&mwpfcjk zpfonf/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf uREykf w f o Ykd nf jyKpjk cif;ESifh xdu k w f efjcif; jzpfonftwdkif; rjrif&ol rsm;rS vkyfief;twGuf [efYwm;Muonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;twGuf toufwmudv k aJ vsmif;ay;jcif;rwdik rf DS uREyfk w f o Ykd nf xl;vGeaf om olwdkU\ wefzdk;udk todtrSwfjyK&avonf/ uREk f y f w d k Y o nf þtaMumif ; ud k w d k u f ½ d k u f a jymqd k a eol r sm;jzpf o nf / oif\r,m;udk vSpfvsL½Ixm;zdkYodkYr[kwf oif\vdktifqE´rsm; ao;odrfoGm; atmif uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfxm;jcif;taMumif;aMumifhr[kwf? rpifMu,fapzdkY uREfkyfwdkY rwwf E d k i f j cif ; aMumih f v nf ; jzpf o nf / trsd K ;orD ; rsm;ES i h f trsd K ;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\yHo k @mefEiS t hf nD ESprf sKd ;pvH;k zefqif;jcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumihf trsdK;om;rsm;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;udk uG,fumjcif; ? wefzdk;xm;jcif;ESihf apmifrjyKpk jcif ; r&S d a omtcg crnf ; awmf b k & m;twd tvif ; ajymonf r S m ajrBuD ; ay:ü *kPftoa&r&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/ tptOD ; übk & m;ocif a jymonf r S m a,musmf ; onf wpf O D ; wnf ; ae íraumif;[líajymcJhygonf/ (u?2 ;18udkzwfygav) þyxrOD;qHk; jyóem twGuo f \ l tajzrSm vluo kd ;D jcm;cGx J m;jcif;onf {0ukd zefqif;zdYk jzpfonf/ wqifch H zefqif;xm;jcif;r[kwfay/ bk&m;ocif\ vlwpfOD;jzpf onfh twdkif;oifonf vrf ; c&D ; aysmuf a eaom avmuD o m;rsm;twG u f bk & m;ocif \ ES v H k ; om;ud k &J0HhpGmxkwfazmfaMunmjcif; wpfckuJhodkY oif\ apmifr jyKpkjcif;ESifhudk,fwGif; &if;ES;D jrKyEf jHS cif;? axmufyjhH cif; ESiahf rwåmxm;zdYk tcGihf ta&;ESit fh wl oihu f dk ,Hrk w S í f tyfESHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf xdkYodkYvnf;a&;om;xm;onf/ trsdK;om;rsm;onf olwdkY\ r,m;rsm;tm;em;vnfjcif;ESifhapmifrjyKpkzdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf uREkfyfwdkYESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;aomolrsm;tm; em;vnfay;zdkY&SmazGay;zdkY jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aom trsKd ;om;rsm;onfujJG ym;jcm;em;Muonf/ xdt Yk jyif trsKd ;om;ESihf trsKd ;orD;rsm;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;Muonf/ uREkfyf(*Ref)onf vDZmudk *kPfoa&r&SdapEdkifjcif;r[kwfyg/

195 tb,faMumifhqdkaomfolronf uREfkyfESifhuGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ uREyfk o f nforl tm; qif,if usi;f yjcif;ud, k pf m;jzpfonf/ olr\ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;jcif; udk tb,fodkY jyKvkyf xm;onfudk em;vnfzdkY&SmazGaeoljzpfonf/ tu,fívDZmESifhuREkfyfonf twdtusqifwlMuonfqdkygu uREfkyf\ toufwmonfNi;D aiGUp&maumif;jcif;ESit hf vGet f uRw H pfow H nf;jzpf &ayvdrrfh nf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf olrtm; qif,ifusif;y jcif;udk,fpm;jzpfonf/ olr\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; onf taetxdkifusOf;usyfjcif;udk uREykf w f t Ykd m; wpfcgwpf&jH zpfymG ; apygaomf vnf; xdt k &mrsm;onf cGet f m;jzpfjcif;? pdefac:csufjzpfjcif;ESihf uREkfyfwdkY ESpfOD;pvHk;\ e,fy,frsm;ü&Sdaom tm;enf;csuf taMumif;udk tuG,ftum r&SdbJxm;zdkY tcGihfta&;rsm;ukd rsufarSmufjyKjcif; jzpfonf/ uREfkyfESihf uGJjym;jcm;em;apzdkY uREfkyfonf vDZmukd vdktyfygonf/ uREfkyf onf olrudk apmifrjyKpkygonf/ uREfkyfudk,fwdkiftusdK;aus;Zl;jzpfonf/ uREfkyf\ rdom;pk tusdK;aus;Zl;jzpfonf/ olr\ trSm;ukd tb,fodkY jyKvkyf jcif;twGuf omíBuD;jrwfaom ÓPfESihfqufvufaqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzihf tusdK; aus;Zl;rsm; ygonf/ aemufqHk;taejzihf xdkodkYrSwfom;xm;yg/ 1ay? 3;7 ajymaom uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;tm; *kPo f a&r&Sad pjcif;onf uREykf w f \ Ykd qkawmif; csuu f kd uG,0f u S x f m; vdrhfrnf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;\ okccsrf;omjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf vGefpGmta&; BuD;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ olonf uREfkyfwdkY\ qkawmif;jcif; toufwmtwGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfqdkif&m taMumif;tcsufrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;twGuf em;vnfjcif;ESihf *kPftoa&&SdapzdkY jyKvkyfay;aom bk&m;jzpfonf//

wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;\ OD;acgif; taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfonf toif;awmf\ tay:rSm acgif;jzpfawmf rlouJhodkY a,musfm;onf rdrdcifyGef;\tay:rSm acgif;jzpf\/ c&pf awmfonfvnf; rdrdudk,fudk u,fwifoljzpfawmfrl\/ ({zuf? 5;23) þusrf;ydk'fonf *kPf&nf,kwfESdrfhjcif;ESihf *kPf&nfomvGefaumif; rGefjcif; twGuf jyóemwpfcktaMumif;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfay/ ¤if;onf udk,fawmf\ owdk;orD;ESihf c&pfawmf\ ½kyfyHkum;csyfwpfckukd ½kyfvHk;azmf xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

196 taMumif;rSm xdkt&monf wu,ftdrfaxmifjyKjcif; txdrf;trSwfjyKxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf a,musfm;rsm; onf þt*FgwpfcsdKUwpf0uf qifwljcif;ü c&pfawmfESihf wpfwef;wnf; jzpfatmif vkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfenf;wl tapcHjcif;tm;jzihf OD;aqmifvrf;jyjcif;twGuf pdk;&GHU xdwfvefYzG,faumif;aom wm0efcHrIjzpfonf/ xdktaMumif;aMumihf r,HkMunfEdkif aom avmuDom;rsm;onf ocifa,½I\ Zmwdukd oufaojyEkid o f nf/ (ocifa,½I onf toif;awmfudk tvGefYtvGefcspfaMumif;udk oifpOf;pm;Munhfaomtcg oifonfol\ owdkYorD;o½kyfaqmifjcif;ESihftwl xdkolwdkYtm; wpfwef;wnf; jzpfatmif vkyjf cif;tm;jzihf rsO;f aMumif;ay:&Sd r,m;rsm;odrYk [kwf ,kwaf vsmah paom r,m;rsm;twGuf olBuH&G,fxm;aom wqihfcH{uef trSef,HkMunfjcif; twGuf jzpfEdkifjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/) a,musfm;onf udk,fawmf\wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;twGuf OD;acgif; uJhodkY vkyfydkifcGihftmPmay;tyfjcif;cH&olrsm;r[kwfay/ xdkYaMumihf olonf ol\r,m;ajymaom t&m&mwdkif;ukd &Sif;vif;pGm wHydk;rIwfoHjzpfonf/ qefYusif buftjrifü wwfodvdr®maom a,mufsm;wpfOD;onf ol\r,m;xnhfoGif; xm;aomt&mudk vspv f sL½Ijcif;rjyKzv Ykd v kd m;olr[kwaf y/ ol0efc&H rnfrmS xdo k jYkdzpfonf/ olrsm;onf qH;k jzwfcsujf yKvyk jf cif;jzpfpOf twGuf r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfol jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tapmydkif;ESpfrsm;ü uREfkyf (*Ref) onf wpfem&DMumqkawmif;ygonf/ aeYwpf0ufvnf; qkawmif;ygonf/ ¤if;onf uREkfyftwGuf jrif;[efvu©Pm&SdonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ tcsdefjynhf tvkyfvkyfol vDZmonf wdkawmif;aom tcsdeftwGif;üomqkawmif;onf/ olronf um;xJrSm aeíarmif;ESifjcif;odkYr[kwf rdk;&Gmcsdefü tcsdefjzKef;wwfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckESifhpyfvsOf;í oabmwlnDjcif;r&SdMu aomtcg uREfkyfonf wm0ef,x l m;aom xdt k &mtwGuf trSm;jyKvyk o f l jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf uREfkyfonf olrsm;qkawmifjcif;tcsdef xufomírsm;aom tcsdefESihfqkawmif;jcif; aMumifhjzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;\ OD;acgif;uJhodkY uREkfyf\ vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmudk toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ uREfkyf\udk,fydkifjypf'Pfp&ifjcif;twGuf a&TUqdkif;xm; zdkYjzpfonf/ xdktcg em&D0ufcefY uREfkyfonf oabmrwlnDjcif;udk þenf; vrf;ESihf udk,fwG,fajz&Sif;ygonf/ uREkfyfonf aemufydkif;ü xdkt&mudkom &SmazGawGU&SdzdkY qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckjyKvkyfygonf/ vDZmonf trSefw&m;jzpf onf/

197 apmifrjyKpkzdkY uREkfyfonf txrajrmufatmif qD;wm;cH&oljzpf onf/ uREfkyfonf qkawmif;jcif;ü omvGefí ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tcsdefudk toHk;jyK aeaomtcgü uREfkyfpOf;pm;MunhfonfrSm vDZm\ xdk;xGif;odjrif jcif;onf tb,f aMumihfvGefpGm [kwfrSefae&ygoenf;/ xdkYaMumihf wpfaeY aomtcg uREfkyfqkawmif; onfrSm ]]bk&m;ocif uREkfyfonf eHeufwdkif; wpfem&DcGJMumatmif qkawmif;ol wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ vDZmonf rdk;&Gmcsdef ü tvGefqHk;q,frdepfom Mumygonf/ xdktcgü olr\ trSefw&m;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ oabmwlnDrIr&Sdjcif; twGuf em&D0ufxufomvGefp&m taMumif;&Sdonfbk&m;}} [lí qkawmif;onf/ wkefYjyefaomtm;jzihf bk&m;ocifajymonfrSm ]]puf0dkif;wpfcka&; qGJyg}} jzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf puúLtydkif;tpwpfckudk,lNyD; ¤if;tay:ü puf0dkif;wpfck a&;qGJvdkufygonf/]] x }}trSwftom;rsm;udk puf0dkif;tjynhf xnhfvdkufyg[lí bk&mocifñTefMum;vdkufygonf/ puf 0 d k i f ; onf ]] x }}trS w f t om;ES i h f jynh f a eaomtcg ol a jymonf r S m ]],ck tv,f w nh f wnf h r sOf ; ajzmih f wpfacsmif;udkatmufodkY qGJcsvdkufyg}} [lí ajymygonf/ xx xxxx xxxx xx

xx xxxx xxxx xx

]] x }} trSwftom;rsm;onf rsOf;ajzmihfwpfzuftwGif; wpf0ufESihf tjcm;wpf z uf w G i f wpf 0 uf & S d a Mumif ; bk & m;ocif a jymonf u d k ]]oif o wd xm;rdygovm;/}} *Reaf &-oifonf vlysKd wpfa,mufjzpfvmaomtcg uREykf üf wnfí ud k , f w d k i f t m;jzih f pH k v if o l w pf a ,muf j zpf o n/f oif o nf pH k v if a om puf0ikd ;f wpfcjk zpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif oifonfvZD mESifh tdraf xmif jyKaomtcg oifonf olrESit hf wl ud, k u f m,wyfrufol wpfa,mufjzpfvmygonf/ ,cktcg xkpd uf0ikd ;f onf oifwkYdESpfOD;pvHk;ukd udk,fpm;jyKonf/oifonf wpfzufwGif wpf0ufESihf olronf tjcm;wpfzufwGif wpf0ufjzpf aeygonf}}[lí ajymygonf/ ]] x }} trSwftom;rsm;onf tb,fodkY jzpfaeMuonfudk oifod xm;ygovm;/ bk&m;ocifa&SUqufajymygonf/ ]]olwdkYonf uREfkyfxHawmfrS oifvdktyfaom owif;tcsuftvufudk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ xdkY aMumihf oifonf ynm&Sd qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; jyKvyk Ef ikd o f jl zpfonf/ jyóemu xdo k Ykd jzpfygonf/ oifonf

198 qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;ukd jyKvkyfaomtcg owif;tcsuftvuf wpf0uftay: rSmom tajccHxm;oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf olrtm; oifhenf;wl tb,fodkY jyoxm;onfukd oifonfoif\ r,m;twGuf tb,foYkd a&;qG&J rnht f aMumif;udk oif,lzdkYvdktyfygonf/ oifonf tdrfaxmif\ OD;acgif;jzpfonftwdkif; uREfkyfay; aom owif; tcsuftvuftm;vHk;ESihftwl qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; vkyfEdkifoljzpfonf/ xdkAsm'dwfawmfonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;\ OD;acgif;jzpfapzdkY uREfkyftwGuf ¤if;onf tb,fodkY t"dyÜg,foufa&mufjcif;tay: uREfkyf\ ½Iaxmihftjrifudk tajctjrpfrS vSeí f ajymif;vJjyifqifay;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREykf o f nf vDZm\wdik yf ifcH jcif;ukd y&d,m,fjzihf ta&;omatmifvyk zf Ykd uREykf \ f o½kyaf qmifjcif;tcGit fh a&;ukd ,lxm;zdkY &SnfMumaom qE´jyif; jyjcif;r&Sdawmhay/ uREfkyfonf olrtm;jzihf bk&m;ociftb,fodkYajymjyjcif;rS aus;Zl;jyKjcif;ESihf ESpfoufarGUavsmfapol jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif uREykf f onf wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;aom qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í tvkyfvkyfjcif; jzpfpOfESihf tm;&0rf;omoljzpfonf/

tuJtrSL;i,fom; xyfrHíwpfBudrf vl\o½kyfaqmifjcif;onf pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh tmPmrsm;teuf wpfcrk [kwaf y/ pd;k rd;k tkycf sKyyf ikd cf iG t hf mPmjzpfapjcif;onf vrf;jyydaYk qmifapjcif;ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh tmPmonf a&G;cGihfr&Sdjcif;udk awmif;qdk aepOftwGi;f tusKH ;0ifaom acgif;aqmifro I nf a&G;cs,jf cif;twGuf *kPo f u d m© jzpf onf/ trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfaom tdrfaxmifOD;pD;jzpfzdkY aomhcsufonf tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihf tmPmtwGuf ¤if;onf tb,fodkY t"dyÜg,f oufa&mufom &mxl;wpfckudk vufqkyfvufudkifxm;zdkY em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; jzpfonf/ ocifa,½I\ ajympum;ukd jyefítrSwf&yg/ ]]oifwdkYwGif tuJtrSL;jyK aomolukd i,fom;uJo h jYkd zpfap}} (vk? 22;26) tdraf xmif\ OD;acgif; jzpfonftwdik ;f cifyGef;onf tuJtrSL;i,fom; jzpfapzdkYjzpfonf/ vla,musfm;onf tBuD;tuJr[kwfyg/ olYtwGuf tvkyfvkyfaeaom vlrdef;rESifhtwl jzpfonf/olonf olrESihftvkyfvkyfolacgif;aqmif jzpfonf/ trSefwu,fjzpfonf/ tu,fíolonf ynm&Sd wpfa,mufjzpf onfqdkygu olonf olrtm;xyfcgwvJvJ ajym&rnfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ olonf olrr&SdbJ

199 tvkyfvkyfEdkifolr[kwf[k ajym&ayrnf/ uRefr\ a,mufsm;onf uRefrudkolvdk tyfonf[kajymaomtcguRefr (vDZm) onf ¤if;udkcspfygonf/ ¤if;onf uRefrtm;cHpm;csufjyKvkyfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ olonf tb,fodkY r&Sdjcif;jzpfonf rqdkawGYqHkzdkUwpfOD;wnf;vkyfydkifcGihf tmPmtyfESHjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyiftu,fí uRefronfxdktrsdK;om;ukd tb,fodkY jzpfapzdkY odxm;olr[kwfygu uRefronf tb,f o d k Y j zpf o nf u d k awG U atmif & S m Munh f z d k Y wwf E k d i f a om t&mtm;vH k ; uk d vkyf&ygvdrhfrnf/ olonf r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfaom uRefrukdac:aomtcg uRefronf pdkjynfvmygonf/ a,musf m ;wd k Y oif \ r,m;tm; tapcH j cif ; t"d y Ü g ,f o uf a &muf j cif ; r[kwfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ oifonf olrvdkcsifaom t&m&mwdkif;udk olrtm; ½dk;om;pGm ay;oljzpfonf/ xdkxufru? ¤if;onf oif\ toufwmudk vJavsmif; ay;jcif;jzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,foufa&mufygonf/ xdkYtjyif oif\qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; onf olrtwGuf tb,fodkYtaumif;qHk;jzpfjcif;tay: tajccHxm;oljzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf ocifa,½Ivrf;jyaom enf;vrf;ESihf cifyGef;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvrf;jy aeolrsm;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½I onf pdwf0ifpm; zG,faumif;aom t&mrsm;ajrmuf rsm;pGm jyKvkyfay;ygonf/ uRefrwdkYonf xdkt&mrsm;ESihf aysmfydkufjcif;r&SdMuay/ oifonf olr\ ESpfoufaom t&mrsm;ESihf oif\r,m;½IyfaxG;ayGvDaejcif; twGuf tb,fodkY aumif;pm;jcif;tm;jzihf rvTJra&Smifomaom tajctaersm;ESihf awGUBuHK&vdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½I\ yHkoGif;ay;jcif;ukd vdkufemaqmif&Gufaom tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf wifhw,favsmuf ywfjcif;odkYr[kwf tb,fodkY BuD;rm;aom pnf;pdrfcHjcif;r[kwf? tb,fodkY taumif;qHk;jzpfonfukd a&G;cs,fzdkY xdkodkYjzpfaom tajctaersm;jzihf odxm;Muol lrsm;jzpfonf/ okYd&mwGif oif\r,m;twGuf tb,fodkY taumif;qHk;jzpfonfukd pdwfydkif;jzwfowf rSwfzdkY a&S;OD;vdktyfjcif;onf toif ; awmf u d k * k P f t oa& &S d a pjcif ; ? c&pf a wmf c spf o nf e nf ; wl ol r tm; apmifrjyKpkjcif;ESihf cspfzdkYjzpfonf/ wynf h a wmf r sm;\ ajcuk d aq;aMumNyD ; aemuf ocif a ,½I o nf ¤if;udk&Sif;vif;atmif vkyfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ olonf ,ckcsdefxdwdkif olwdkY\ ocifjzpfonf/ olonf wefcdk;awmftwGuf ol\ taetxm; &mxl;ukd b,faom tcgrQ pGefYvdrhfrnf r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif olonfwefcdk;awmf\ &nf&G,fcsufudk tjrpfujyefí t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkay;onf/ cif;usif; jyxm;onftwdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf

200 tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf tapcHzdkY tpDtpOftwdkif; wefcdk;awmfay; tyfxm;jcif; cH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ trsdK;om;rsm;jzpfaom uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;acgif;aqmifrsm;uJhodkY vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmukd toHk;jyKzdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ajr,mrsm;twGuf taumif;qHk;tapcHEkdifaom ywf0ef;usifrsm;ukd zefwD;ay;zdkY jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tBuD;tuJjzpfpOfuwnf;u tajccH0ef xrf;rsm;jzpfvmzdkY ¤if;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ wm0efjzpfonf/ þt&mudk jyKvkyfjcif;tm; jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdr,m;rsm;twGuf rdrdudk,fudk 0efcHjcif; jzpfonf/ c&pf a wmf u k d cef Y n m;aomtm;jzih f tcsif ; csif ; wpf a ,muf a tmuf wpfa,muf udk,fukdESdrhfcsvsufaeMuavmh/ ({zuf? 5;12) {zuf? 5;18 ü &Sifaygvku ]]0dnmOfawmfESihf jynhf0vsufaeMuavm [kí ajymonfudk oifonf owdw&xm;ygovm;/ olonf aus;Zl;wif jcif; odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfa&;"r®aw;rsm;ukd oDqjkd cif;ESifh wlaomt&mrsm;ukd jyKvyk rf nhf 0dnmOfawmfEiS fh jynhf0aom tb,fodkYjzpfaom yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;twGuf a&;om;azmfjyjcif;ESihftwl þñTefMum;csuftwdkif; vdkufemaqmif &Gufoljzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf tydk'fi,f (25) wGif ]]tcsif;csif;wpfa,muf atmufwpfa,muf udk,fudk ESdrfcsvsufaeavmh}} [k ajymygonf/ þt&monf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf &Sifaygvk\ aqG;aEG;ajymqdk jcif;\ tptOD; jzpfapzdkY a,bk,stm;jzihf em;vnfxm;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;t"dyÜg,fudk wdarmaoESihf uDvmwdkYu axmufjyxm;onfrSmtydk'fi,f (21) onf t*Fvdyfusrf;rlü wpfoD;wpfjcm; jzpfaom 0guswpfaMumif;uJhodkY bmomjyefqdkxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&monf pmzwfolrsm;twGuf uG,f0Sufxm;aom ta&;BuD; aom axmufjycsuf wpfckrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ &SifaygvkjyKvkyfxm; aom axmufjycsuf jzpfonf/ *&dusrf;rlü tydk'f (21) onf ocifu &Snfvsm;aom 0gustxJ&Sd aemufqHk;pum;pkjzpfonf/ tb,fodkY jzpfaom xdk0gus txJü &Sifaygvkonf ]]0dnmOf awmfESihf jynhf0ol}} yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;twGuf trSwftom;wpfcsdKUa&;om; azmfjyjcif;jzpf onf/ xdktaMumif;aMumihf uDvm uajymonfrSm jynhf0aom 0dnmOfawmf\ aemufqHk;trSwftom;onf þaemuf qHk;pum;pktxJü &Sdonf/ ¤if;onf twåqE´ESihf rmefrmeaysmuf uG,f

201 oGm;jcif;wpfcjk zpfonf/ xdt k &monf tjcm;olrsm;twGuf ESrd cfh spmG tapcH zdkY yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;tm; vrf;jyydkY aqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f a&cH a jrcH p um;rsm;xJ ü þod k Y t "d y Ü m ,f oufa&mufjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfydkifcGihftmPm tyfESif;jcif;tm;jzifh aexdkiftouf&Sifolr,m;wpfa,mufonf olwdkY\ rdwfzuftwGuf olwdkY\ 0efcHjcif;tm;jzihf od&ygvdrhfrnf/ ajrmuf r sm;pG m aom vl r sm;onf r,m;\o½k y f a qmif j cif ; ES i h f t wl oD;oD;oefYoefY tnDtrQ0efcHxm;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf tcsif; csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf 0efcHzdkY vifr,m;ESpfOD;pvHk;tm; ruG,f raxmufbJ &Sif;vif;pGm ñTefMum;xm;onf/ þtykd'fi,ftxJü 0efcHzdkYtwGuf *&da0g[m& pum;onf olwdkY\ cifyGef;rsm;twGuf 0efcHzdkY r,m;rsm;tm; aemufydkif;trdefY ay;aomtcg tvm;wl *&da0g[m&pum;udk toHk;jyKxm;onf/ þpum;onf vufatmufcHjzpfapjcif;odkYr[kwf wdk;vQdK;0ifa&mufapjcif;udk Mum;odapjcif; jzpfonf/ [kwfygonf/ oufqdkif&m tdrfaxmifrsm;twGuf tmPmydkifrsm; umv&SnfMumpGm wnfaeonfESifhtrQ r,m;rsm;onf OD;acgif;uJhodkYaom olwdkY\ cifyeG ;f rsm;twGuf 0efcH aeMu&olrsm;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif a,mufsm;rsm;onfow l \ Ykd r,m;rsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í wdk;vQdK;0ifa&mufjcif;twGuf wpfjcm;yHkpHudk ayGUydkufxm;zdkY awmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvka&;om;xm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf c&pfawmf twGuf cefYnm;apaomtm;jzihf 0efcHMu&ayvdrhfrnf/ þae&mü cefYnm;ap jcif; a0g[m&onf *&dpum;tm;jzihf ]]zdkaomh(rf)}} jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif ¤if;onf aMumuf&UHG jcif; odrYk [kwf rIwo f iG ;f xm;aom pd;k &GUH xdwf vefzY , G af Mumuf&UHG jcif;twGuf pdwful;ÓPfoG,fay;jcif;jzpfonf/ (oif owdxm;&rnfrSm zdkaomh(rf)onf tjrif t m;jzih f zd k b D , mES i h f r sm;pG m wl n D onf ) cef Y n m;apjcif ; pum;onf w&m;rQwaom rlvvufa&;pmrludk jyKvkyfay;jcif; r[kwfay/ omíaumif;aom bmomjyefqdkcsufwpfckonf ]]c&pf awmfudk pdk;&GUHxdwfvefYzG,faMumuf&GHUjcif;rS wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf 0efcH jcif;}} &Sd&ayvdrhfrnf/ wpfaeYaomtcg uREfkyf (*Ref)onf vDZmESihftwl &TifjrL;jcif; r&Sdaom tcg bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfESihf pum;ajymonf/ vDZmonf yxrOD;qHk;aom

202 uREkfyf\orD;jzpfonf/ olronf oif\'kwd,r,m;jzpfonf}} [lí bk&m;ocif ajymonf/ xdkt&monf uREkfyf\twGif;xJü bk&m;ocif\ aMumuf&GHUjcif; taMumif;udk csxm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ a,musfm;wdkY - bk&m;ocifonf ol\ orD;ESihf pyfvsOf;í oifonf tjyKtrlESihf pum;ajymqdkjcif;enf;vrf;twGuf todtjrif <u,f0aom bk&m;jzpf onf/ olonf oifajymaom pum;rsm;tm;jzihf jrifaombk&m; jzpfonf/ oifonf owdkYorD;udk apmifrjyKpkjcif;tm;jzihf udk,fawmftm; cefYnm;apoljzpfaeygovm;/ tu,fí oifonfoif\ owdkYorD;udk cefY nm;apolr[kwfygu oifonf olr\ zcifukd cefYnm;apjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ wkefvIyfjcif;aMumuf&GUHjcif;ESihf twlolr twGuf c½k"r®jyKyg/ &Sifaygvkonf qufvufí &Sif;vif;atmifvkyfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ olrtwGuf ol\toufwmukd vJavsmif;ay;jcif;tm;jzihf cifyGef; wpfOD;onf ol\r,m;udk 0efcHjcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;pum;jzihfudk &ygrlolonf olr\ taumif; qH;k pdw0f ifpm;jcif;twGuf ud, k u f u kd , kd f ESrd cfh saomtm;jzihf olrESi0fh efcjH cif; jzpfonf/ tcsif;a,musfm;wdkY c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfudk cspfawmfrlouJhodkY oifwdkYvnf; udk,fcifyGef;udk cspfMuavmh/ ({zuf? 5;25) c&pfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfa&;&m atmifEdkifa&;twGuf ol\&mxl;yg0g tmPm udk b,faomtcgrQ toHk;jyKvdrhfrnfr[kwfyg/ olonf uREkfyfwdkYtm; vkyfydkifcGihf tmPmtyfESif;zdkY ¤if;ukdtoHk;jyKoljzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl uREfkyfwdkYonf cifyGef;rsm; jzpfMuonftwdkif; uREfkyfwdkY\r,m;rsm;twGuf vkyfydkifcGihftmPm tyfESif;jcif;ESihf tusdK;aus;Zl;twGuf uREfkyfwdkY\ &mxl;tmPmudk toHk;jyKzdkY ac:awmfrljcif; cH & ol r sm;jzpf o nf / c&pf a wmf o nf ol \ owd k Y o rD ; twG u f oef Y & S i f ; jcif ; od k Y a&mufapjcif;ESihf bkef;awmfxif&Sm; zdkYtwGuf ol\toufwmudk vJavsmif;ay; onf/ ol\ tav;eufqHk;aom arGUavsmfjcif;jzpfonf/ ol\tqHk;owf aysmfjrL; jcif;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f Ykd ajymEdik o f nfrmS bke;f awmfEiS fh jynh0f aom olr\ESv;kH om;xJü arGUavsmf jcif;&Sdonf/ oifonf c&pfawmf\ ajcawmf&mtwdkif; vdkufavQmufaom tcg twåqefjcif;twGuf tcef;r&Sday/ cifyGef;wpfOD;jzpfonftwdkif; oif\ o½kyfaqmifjcif;onf oif\r,m;udk tapcHaomtm;jzihf oif\ toufwmukd

203 toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ oifhywfvnfü&Sdaom avmuDom;rsm; ESihfolrtm;c&pfawmf zGihfjyaom tqHk;pGef&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf toufwmudk toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf þenf;vrf;ESihf oif\r,m;udk vrf;jyydkY aqmifaomtcg ¤if;onf vkyfydkifcGihftmPmtwGuf oif\bk&m;ocif cefYtyfxm;aom &mxl;ESihf 0efcHap&m ü aysmfarGUjcif;ukd ,lxm;zdkY olr twGuf omírsm;pGmvG,fulygvdrfhrnf/

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tcsif;rdef;rwkYd ? udk,fhcifyGef;\ tkyfpdk;jcif;udk 0efcHavmh/ tcsi;f rde;f rwdYk ocifb&k m;\ tkypf ;kd awmfrjl cif;ukd 0efco H uJo h Ykd ud, k cf ifyeG ;f \ tkyfpdk;jcif;ukd 0efcHMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfonf toif; awmftay:rSm acgif;jzpfawmfrlouJhodkY a,mufsm;onf rdrdcifyGef;\ tay:rSm acgif;jzpf\/ c&pfawmfonfvnf; rdrdukd,fudk u,fwifoljzpf awmfr\ l / toif;awmfonf c&pfawmf\ tkypf ;kd awmfrjl cif;udk 0efco H uJo h Ykd rde;f rwdv Yk nf; ud, k cf ifyeG ;f \ tkypf ;kd jcif;udk t&m&mü 0efcMH u&rnf/ ({zuf 5;22-24 owif; pum;jzpfonf) oifonfjyefí owdw&xm;&rnfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ ]]c&pfawmfudk cefYnm;aomtm;jzihf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufatmufwpfa,muf udk,fudk ESdrhfcsvsuf aeMuavmh}} [lí xdo k w l t Ykd m; ajymjcif;tm;jzihf &Siaf ygvkonf vifr,m;rsm;twGuf ol\ ñTefMum;csufukd ed'gef;ysdK;xm;onf/ ({zuf? 5;21) aemufxyfvmrnhf tyd'k if ,fü olonf ]]tcsi;f rde;f rwdYk ocifb&k m;\ tkypf ;kd awmfrjl cif;udk 0efco H uJo h Ykd udk,fcifyGef;\ tkyfpdk;jcif;udk 0efcHMuavmh}} [lí tao;pdwftus,fcsJUxm;onf/ ({zuf 5;22) vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYonf rdef;rrsm;twGuf aysmufqHk;oGm;aom t&mwpfckuJhodkY þtrdefU awmfudk jrifMu&onf/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;onf xdkodkYjzpfvm jcif;r[kwfay/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf t&Sdeftapmf vTrf;rdk;jcif; r[kwfjcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ rdef;ronf twltrQ rdwfzufwpfa,mufuJhodkY usihfoHk;&mü a0rQjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&monf cifyGef;\acgif;jzpfjcif;ESihf ½IyfaxG; ayGvD oGm;jcif;r[kwfay/ vkyfydkifcGihftmPmtwGuf oD;jcm;xl;jcm;aom {&d,m

204 e,fy,f&Sdaom vifESihfr,m; ESpfOD;pvHk;twGufjzpfonf/ olwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; twGi;f xJ&dS MoZmvTr;f rd;k jcif;jzpfonf/ olwYkd 0ef;usiüf &Sad om avmuDom;rsm;txJ&dS vTrf;rdk;aeaom MoZmjzpfonf/ pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihftmPmu ]]uREfkyfonf vkyyf ikd cf iG t fh mPmukd usio fh ;kH & vdrrfh nf/ oif\ud, k pf m; MoZmvTr;f rd;k jcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf oif\vkyfydkif cGihftmPmudk usifhoHk;&vdrhfrnf/ uREfkyf\ udk,fpm;MoZm vTrf;rdk;MoZmvTrf;rdk; jcif;jzpfonf}} [líajymygonf/ udk,fcifyGef;\ tkyfpdk;jcif;udk 0efcHaom rdef;ronf trIawmfvkyfief; twGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ cifyGef;\ ESvHk;om;ESifhtwl ,HkrSwfí ay;tyfjcif;cH&aomr,m;jzpfonf/ or®mw&m;ukd arwåmESihfajymjcif; tm;jzihf oifonf ol\ESvHk;om;ukd uG,fumjcif;jzpfonf/ cefYnm;apjcif; onf trIawmf vkyif ef;twGuf oif\tjrihjf rwfq;kH aom vkyaf qmifcsuf rsm;teuf wpfcjk zpfapEkid f ygonf/ ol\ESvHk;om;udk zGihfay;NyD;oltm; ulcspfjcif;tm;jzihf olYtm; tapcHzdkY oif,ljcif;jzpfonf/ xdkxufru tqHk;ed*Hk;odkY ckef0ifoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ qufoG,f jcif;ESihf twlol\ toufwmukd jr§ihfwifay;jcif;tm;jzihf &nf&G,fcsufESihf ½lyg½Hkü &Sifoef BuD;yGm;vmzdkY olYtm; ulnDrpyg/ trsdK;orD;rsm;onf ukd,fum,cGeftm; {&d,me,fy,frsm;ü tem w& &SdEdkifygonf/ xdkYtjyif trsdK;om;rsm;onf pGefYpm;vkyfaqmif&mü olwdkY \ ESvHk;om; rsm;ukd rMumcP &SmazGawGU&Sd&ygonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;onf trsdK;om;rsm;\ ESvHk;om;rsm;twGuf c½k"r®jyKolrsm;jzpfonf/ {urkcs jzpfaom trsdK;om;rsm; jzpfonftwdkif; olwdkY\ r,m;toufwmrsm;ü rnfonhfukd,fum, tm;enf;csuf twGufrqkd BudKwif pDrHxm;olrsm;ESihf umuG,folrsm;jzpf&vdrhfrnf/ ESvHk;om;wpfck twGuf apmihfxdef;oljzpfapzdkY rnfonfhjrihfjrwfaom tvkyf0wå&m; &mxl;xuf omvGefaeygovm;/ r,m;twGuf toufwmudk vJavsmif;ay;jcif;ESihf trIawmfvkyfief;udk pxGifaomcifyGef;jzpfonhftwdkif; olronf wpfvHk;wpf0wnf; jzpfjcif;\ OD;acgif; uJhodkY cefYnm;aomtm;jzihf wkefYjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&monf avmuDom;rsm; twGuf olr\½dkaoav;jrwfjcif; olr\arwåmESihf olr\cefYnm;apjcif;onf ocifa,½Itm;jzihf vrf;jyydaYk qmifapzdYk xdt k &mESifh tb,foYkd wlno D nfukd jyojcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf0efcHzdkY trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; awmif;cHjcif;r[kwfay/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf olwYkd onftxufwef;us olrsm;jzpfonf/ toif;awmfonf

205 tjriftm;jzihf tb,ft&mESifh wlonfukd cifusi;f jyozdYk bk&m;ocifonf olwt Ykd m; zdwaf c:jcif; jzpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf a&G;EIwu f ,fwif&iS ?f &ufa&maom t&Sib f &k m; cspfjcif;arwåm? opöm&Sdjcif;ESihf aumif;jrwfjcif;wpfcktm;jzihf vrf;jyydkYaqmifjcif; cH&aomtcg tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYonf toufwm tb,ft&mESihf wlEidk o f nfujkd yozdYk tcGit fh a&;wpfcjk zpfonf/ tu,fí uREykf w f o Ykd nf 0rf;enf;zG,f o½kyfaqmifjcif; odkYr[kwf rxDav;pm; jyKjcif; wpfcktxJodkY 0ifíþt&mudk z,f&mS ;ay;zdYk &efou l dk cGijhf yKorl sm;jzpf onf qdyk gu tb,frQavmuf ylaqG;zG,jf zpf aom vkyf&yfjzpfonf/ þo½kyfaqmifjcif;ukd trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; ay;urf;&mü bk&m;ocifonf xdu k w f efaom ,HMk unfu;kd pm;oljzpfonfudk oufaoxif&mS ; jyozdYk udk,fawmf\ orD;rsm;ukd awmif;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf pGrf;&nf&Sdaom trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf BuHUcdkifaom trsdK;orD; rsm;ukd zefqif;xm;onf/ ordik ;f aMumif;wpfavQmufü bk&m; ocifonf olüwpfyg; wnf;aomom;awmfudk jyKpkysdK;axmifjcif;? o,fydk; &Gufaqmifjcif;? Mum;0if aqmif&u G jf cif; ya&mzufjyKjcif;ESifh w&m;pD&ifjcif; tp&So d nfwu Ykd kd vrf;jyydaYk qmifzYkd trsKd ;orD;rsm;tm; a&G;aumufaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ trsKd ;orD;rsm;ukd ac:awmfr&l m ü olwdkY\ cifyGef;rsm;udk ½dkaoorkjyKzdkYjzpfonf/ olonf qufoG,fay;jcif; r[kwfonfrSm xdkodkY jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf rxkdufwefol odkYr[kwf tm;enf;olrsm; jzpfonf/ ]]oifonf BuUH cdik jf cif;ESifh pGr;f &nf&o dS jl zpfonfukd uREykf o f yd gonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf oifonf uREfkyf\ orD;jzpfjcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf xm0&pdwful;,Ofjcif;ü uREfkyfonf 0efcHjcif;tm; jzifh uREfkyfü&Sdaom aumif;jrwfjcif;ukd jyozdkY wpfpHkwpfa,muf vdktyfyg onf/ uREfkyfonf ,HkMunfudk;pm;xkdufoljzpfonfudk tjcm;olrsm;tm; jyojcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfcu k o hJ Ykd oifonf 0efcjH cif;ESifh cefn Y m;ap aom o½kyaf qmifjcif;txJoYkd 0ifa&mufvkdom qE´jyif;jyaeol wpfa,mufjzpf aeygovm;/ }}

acgif;aqmifjzpfjcif; bk&m;ocifESihf toGifrwlaom cifyGef;onfrsm;onf pHkvifolrsm; r[kwfay/ olwdkYonf rSefuefaomqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tpOftNrJjyKvkyf olrsm;r[kwfay/ vkyfay;&rnfholrsm;jzpfonftwdkif; olwdkY\ r,m;rsm;ukd tpOftNrJ tapcHolrsm;

206 r[kwaf y/ þt&monf wjznf;jznf; ,d, k iG ;f ysupf ;D jcif;twGuf Bu;D rm;aom t&if; tjrpfwpfcjk zpfEidk yf gonf/ cifyeG ;f onfrsm;ukd cefn Y m;apjcif;ESifh ½dak oorkjyKvadk om trsdK;orD;rsm;yifvQif wjznf;jznf; ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;twGuf t&if;tjrpfwpfck jzpfapEdkifygonf/ vGefcJhaom tcsdefumvrsm;ü olwdkYonf udk,fwdkifwGJvufrsm;ESihf txJodkY0ifí taMumif;csif;&mudpörsm;ukd ,lxm;zdkY aoG;aqmifjcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfap Ekdifygonf/ xdkumvü acgif;aqmifrIjzpfjcif;twGuf cifyGef;onf\&mxl; tajc taeudk ckcHMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ tjriftm;jzihf tb,fodkYaom t&mESihf toGifwl aom vGwfajrmufjcif;twGuf t&if;tjrpf wpfckonf trSefpifppf ESvHk;a&m*gESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; ajrmufrsm;pGmaom emusifjcif;rsm;udk o,faqmifvm ay;Ekdif onf/ uRefrwdkYom;OD;onf EdkYpdkYoli,fwpfa,mufjzpfpOftcgu uRefr (vDZm) onf ½Hk;tm;&ufrsm;ü csJUxGifí vkyfaqmif&aom awmif;cHxm;aom tcsdefZ,m; wpfcEk iS t fh wl tcsed Mf umjrihpf mG tvkyv f yk af eol jzpfonf/ vkyif ef;cGiüf yk*Kd¾ vaf &;&m pdefac:csufrsm;ESihf toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESihf &ifqdkif&oljzpfonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif uRefronf pHkvifaom r,m;ESihf pHkvifaomrdcifjzpfapzdkY tm;BudK;rmefwufaqmif&Guf& ygonf/ xdktawmtwGif; *Refonf ul;ajymif;jcif; twGuf tcsdefumv wpfckü &Sdaeoljzpfonf/ uRefr\om;ESihf vGJacsmf&jcif;ESihf uRefr\ vkyfief;ESihf pyfvsOf;í pdwfzdpD;rIcHae&pOftwGif; *Refonf a*gufupm; jcif;rdwaf qGrsm;ESihf pum;ajymjcif;? tpma&Smifjcif;? qkawmifjcif;ESit hf wl tcsed yf ikd ;f tvkyfvkyf oljzpfonf/ uRefronf ra&rwGufEdkifaom zdtm;rsm; cHpm;ae&ol jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif xdkt&mtm;vHk;ESihf uRefr jypfwifajymqdkjcif; cH&oljzpfonf/ uRef r cH p m;csuf u xd k o d k Y j zpf y gonf / uRef r onf xd k t &mrsm;uk d twl w uG vufqkyfvufudkifxm;oljzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif uRefr\ NrJNrHpGmudkifxm;jcif; onf acsmfusoGm;&ygonf/ uRerf ESit fh wl pd;k &dryf yl efjcif;&Szd Ykd *Reu f kd vdck sio f jl zpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif olonf pd;k &dryf yl efjcif;&Srd nfr[kwaf y/ uRerf \ cifyeG ;f twGuf aMumuf&UHG jcif;ESifh jynh0f aom oufqikd jf cif;wpfcEk iS fh atmfac:aomtcg olu ]]vDZma& þ&mtwGuf oGm;Muygpd/Yk xdkt&mudk bk&m;ociftwGuf vufajr§muft½HI; ay;MuygpdkY}} [lí uRefrtm; ajymonf/

207 uRef r wpf c grQ rawG ; cJ h b l ; &S i f h / tu,f í uRef r onf þt&mtm; vHk;c½k"r®aqmif&Gufjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonfqdkygu ¤if;udk vkyfcGihf&rnfr[kwfyg/ wif;rmjcif;onf uRefrtay: ruRwfEdkifaom tav;csdefzdtm;jzpf onfhtwdkif; vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;uJhodkY uRefrukd NrJatmifqkyfudkifxm;onf/ wpfckaomní rdk;a&xJwGif&SdaepOf uRefr\av;vHaom 0efxkyf0efydk; taMumif;udk bk&m;ocifESihf rauseyfcsufrsm;ukd zGifhcsvdkufygonf/ uRefrtwGuf uRefr\ rnfonhf0efxkwfydk;rqdk vufajr§muft½HI;ay;avh r&Sday/ uRefrtjiif;tcHk pum;ajymonf/ uRefrolYudk owday;p&m&Sdonf/ trdIufo½dkuftnpftaMu;rsm; o,fxkwfay;onhfwdkif olYudkuRefrowday;p&m&Sdonf/ omíta&;BuD;aom rnf o nh f t &mES i h f r qd k uRef r onf ol Y u k d tb,f r Qavmuf ,H k M unf u d k ; pm; Ek d i f y goenf ; / uRef r onf a&S U wd k ; í jyef v nf e yef ; vH k ; ygonf / uRef r onf xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd tb,faMumihf vufvTwfjcif;r&SdonfrSm w&m;rQwapvdkjcif; jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;u uRefrtm; El;nHhpGm ar;vdkufonfrSm]]vDZma& *Refonf aumif;aomacgif;aqmifjzpfonf}} [k oifpOf;pm;Munhfaeygovm;/ ]]r[kwfygbl;? uRefrpOf;pm;aeonf r[kwfyg&Sifh}}/ uRefrtcdkiftrm ajymvdkufonfrSm ]]uRefrolYukd ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; r&Sdygbl;&Sifh}}/ oljyefajymvdkufonfrSm ]]vDZma&? oifonf *Refudk ,HkMunfudk;pm; p&mrvdkyg/ oifonf uREfkyfudkom ,HkMunfudk;pm;yg/ þtdrfaxmif\ OD;acgif; jzpfonftwdkif; *RefonftvGefaumif;aom tvkyfwpfckudk vkyfaeoljzpfonf[k oif p Of ; pm;p&mrvd k y g/ oif c H p m;&onf r S m xd k o d k Y j zpf o nf / oif o nf o mí aumif;aomt&mukd vkyfEkdifoljzpfonf/ oifawGUBuHK&aom &wufrat;jcif;ESihf wif;rmjcif;onf wpftdrfom;vHk; \ OD;acgif;zdtm;ESihf 0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf oifhtwGuf xrf;ydk;wpfck jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif *ReftwGuf0wfvHkjzpfonf/ xdkt&mukd vJavsmif;ay;vdkufyg/ vDZma& [lí wkefYjyefygonf/ csufcsif; uRefronf uRefr\ 0efxkyf0efydk;t&if;tjrpftaMumif;udk em;vnfvu kd yf gonf/ uRerf onf tb,foYkd o,fy;kd &Guaf qmifzYkd BuKd ;pm; ae&aom uRef r wd k Y td r f a xmif \ acgif ; aqmif j zpf j cif ; onf uRef r \ cif y G e f ; twG u f zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;jzpf&vdrhfrnf r[kwfay/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif onf tdrf\ OD;acgif;uJhodkY olYtm; bdodufay;jcif;cH&oljzpfonf/

208 uRefrwdkYtdrfaxmifü acgif;aqmif&mxl;twGuf uRefronf tb,fodkY wkdufcdkufjcif;ESihf vQyfpm;jzwfpm;vkyfaeoljzpfonfudk uRefrtod trSwfjyKygonf/ uRefronf olüwnfaom ,HkMunfjcif;ESihfwnfaqmuf ay;jcif;ukd,fpm; uRefr\ cifyGef;ukd 'a&maomyg; vIyf&Sm;atmifvkyfoljzpfonf/ jyefvSnhfvm&mü olonf uRefrtwGuf ol\vkyfydkifcGifhtmPm &mxl;twGuf vufvTwfoljzpfonf/ uRefronf xkdt&mESihf vGJacsmfjcif; wpfckjyKvkyfoljzpfonf/ usdK;yJhaeaom uRefronf rdk;a&xJrS jyefvSnhfvmNyD; udk,fokwfyk0g wpfckqGJudkifvdkufygonf/ csufcsif; uRefronf tdyf&mxJrSm vJavsmif;aeaom *Refukd jrifvdkuf&ygonf/ uRefronf rsuf&nfrsufcGufESihf awmif;yefvdkufygonf/ uRefrajymvdkufonfrSm ]]uRefrvGefpGm 0rf;enf;ygonf/ t&m&mwdkif;ESihfoifhudk uRefrwdkufcdkufcJhygonf/ uRefronf oifhukd ,HkMunfudk;pm;zdkY aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYcJh &oljzpfonf/ tu,fí oifonf cefYnm;apzdkYtwGuf uRefrudk vdkcsifonfqdkygu uRef r onf reuf j zef tvk y f e m;ygrnf / uRef r onf xyf r H í wpf B ud r f o m vdkcsifoljzpfonf}} [k ajymvdkuf ygonf/ *Refu jyefí wkefYjyefvdkufonfrSm ]]uREfkyfonf oiftvkyfrS xGufoGm;zdkY vkdcsifolr[kwfyg/ xkdjyóemtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;olr[kwfyg/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyf trSefwu,fpOf;pm;onfrSm oifonf t&if;tjrpfjzpf aMumif;pOf;pm; aejcif;udk &yfzdkY vdktyfygonf/ olonf vlrSefwpfOD;jzpfonf/ uRefronf tdrfaxmifpk\ t&if;tjrpf r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefrwdkY t&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ xdktrSef w&m;twGuf jrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;jcif;onf cefYjim;EdkifrIr&Sdjcif;ESihf pdwfzdpD;rIudk uRefrtm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf þxufru omípum;ajymMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif ]]uRefronf oifhudkcefYnm; apzdkYESihf oif\aemufuG,fwGif &,lxm;&vdrfhrnf/ oihfudk,HkMunffjcif;&Sdonf}} [lí *Refukd uRefruwday; vdkufygonf/ xdktcsdefü uRefronf ukd,fwGif;ü ,HkMunfjcif; okdYr[kwf uRefronf tb,fodkY cefYnm;apoljzpfonfukd {ueftrSefrodoljzpfonf/ tb,fodkYESihf tb,faMumihftwGuf uRefronf tao;pdyftm;vHk; vdktyfonfxuf *Refonf þcefYjim;apjcif;udkomvdktyfoljzpfonfudk uRefrodonf/ uRefrtodtrSwf jyK&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ t&m&mwdkif;onf uRefrwdkY tdrfaxmifü tpDtpOfrus

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210

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211 olwt Ykd m; tapcHaom enf;vrf;ESifh uREykf w f t Ykd m; tapcHzYkd uREykf w f \ Ykd r,m;rsm;ukd arQmfvifhxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkt&monf tpOftNrJ jzpfysufvmjcif;r&Sday/ ol o nf tapcH w pf O D ; jzpf o nf [ k *Ref u uRef r wd k Y a jymaomtcg rd o m;pk ü uREfkyfwdkYonf &,farmjcif;ukd toHk;jyKMuonf/ rD;zdkacsmifrS ay:vmjcif;r&Sdonhf twGuf olonf raumif;ausmf apmoljzpfonf/ naepmNyD;onfESihf csufcsif;uRefr (vDZm)tm; xm;cJo h l jzpfonf/ uRerf wd\ Yk om;rsm;onf wpfavQmufv;kH oef&Y iS ;f a&; vkyf&yg onf/ yef;uefrsm; aq;aMum&ygonf/ olonf tapcHoluJhodkY jzpfonf [lí uRefrwdkYtwGuf xdkt&mukd jrif[efvu©Pmr&SdMuay/ uRefrwdkYtodtrSwfrjyKMuonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ *Refonf uGJjym; jcm;em;aom yifudk,fpGrf;&nfwpfckESihf tapcHoljzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf pm;yGJukd oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfaomtcg olonf uRefrwdkY\ b@ma&;taMumif; udk BudKwifjrif awGUwwfojl zpfonf/ usoifah iGudk ay;acsjcif;ESit fh uG,f tumtzH;k ukd zGiafh y;wwf oljzpfonf/ olonf vkyif ef;wpfcx k rJ S a&G;,lap oljzpfonf/ uRerf wdo Yk nf olrygbJ ESihf tkyfcsKyfpDrHEdkifMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ vkyfaqmifzdkY vkdtyfaom tjcm;t&mrsm; twGuf c½k"r®jyKí apmifrjyKpkzdkY jzpfonf/ olvkyfcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonf/ uRerf wdrYk o d m;pkrsm;tm;vH;k onf taumif;qH;k aqmif&u G zf Ykd aysm&f iT o f rl sm;jzpfonf/ xdyk o kH ufaoonf xl;jcm;ay:vGiaf om ta&;Bu;D jcif;wpfco k Ykd uRerf wdt Yk m; o,faqmifvmjcif;jzpfonfrSm wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;twGuf uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; jzpfonf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü tapcHjcif;twGuf ,Ofaus;rIwpfckudk zefwD;zdkY oifvkyfEdkifaom trsm;qHk;axmufuljyKaom t&mrsm;teufwpfckrSm oifwdkYwpf OD;pD;onfrnfonhftwGuf tb,fodkY wm0ef,lEdkifzG,faumif;onfukd pdwfydkif;jzwf owfrSwfzdkY jzpfonf/ oif\ oabmwlxm;aom wm0efrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í odxm;apyg/ oabmwlxm;aom wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;onf enf;vrf; ESpfoG,fESihf oifhudk axmufuljyKvdrfhrnf/ yxrcsuftaejzihf oif\o½kyfaqmifjcif; twGuf aumif;aom b@mpdk;jcif;onf oif\r,m;tm; tapcHjcif;twGuf r&Sdrjzpf vdt k yfaom tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfcjk zpfonf/ oif\ wm0efrsm;twGuf c½k"r®jyKpjk cif;udk ,laqmifxm;apyg/ tcsdefrsm;ESihfwuG oif\r,m;tm; BudKwifpDrHcefYcGJ ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ pdwfESvHk;Nidrfoufjcif;&Sdapyg/ 'kwd,csuftaejzihf oif\ r,m;jyKvkyfzdkY tb,fodkY wm0ef&Sdonfukd oifod&aomtcg oifonf xdkolwkdYtm; tapcH&mü omvGefjcif;ESihf omvGefaumif;rGefpGm oGm;aeaom wm0efrsm;twGuf oifonf

212 tb,fodkY Munhf½IEdkifaom {&d,me,fy,frsm;tm;jzihf od&oljzpfonf/ oifrSwfcsufcsEdkifonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uRrf;usifaom trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf uRrf;usifaom trsdK;om;rsm;onf odkYr[kwf pdwf0ifpm;jcif;&Sdaomolrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í rnfonhf pwl'D,kdwdwfudkrqdk {zufMo0g'pmapmif tcef;BuD; (5) udk wdk;wuftm;jznhfapaom usrf;ydk'frsm;teuf wpfckwpfavrQr&Sday/ oifonf ]]pHESihfudkufnDjcif;}} odkYr[kwf rd½dk;zvm"avhxHk;wrf; ESihfudkufnDjcif;}} tb,fodkY pOf;pm;xm;jcif;twGuf oif\tdraf xmifü wm0efrsm;twGuf owfrw S v f smxm;jcif; udk uefo Y wfxm;zdYk rnfonfzh t d m;rsKd ;rqkd vdt k yfaom cHpm;csurf &Sad wmhay/ wpfcsKd U cifyGef;rsm;u csufjyKjcif;ukd ESpfoufMuonf/ wpfcsdKUr,m;rsm;u um;jyefvnf jyifqifjcif;ESihf aysmfydkufMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;onf vufawGUabmvHk; upm;yGJ wpfct k wGuf xdo k w l t Ykd m; vGe;f uJo h Ykd acgufwek aYf cgufjyefomG ;aepOf tawmtwGi;f oifwdkYrsm;teuf wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf uav;oli,frsm;\ tdrf vkyfief;BuD;Muyf apjcif;ESihf aysmfydkufEdkifonf/ tb,fodkYjzpfaomolrqdk b@ma&;ESihf taumif;qHk; &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaom olonf aiGukd Bu;D MuyfapEkid o f nf/ xkyd *k Kd¾ vo f nf a<u;NrED iS afh exdik f &aom rdom;pkukd pdwfcs&atmif ulnDapjcif;ESihf olwdkY\r,m;rsm;tm; aiGoHk;pGJjcif;ESihftwl BudKwifcGJcefY pDrHxm;jcif;tm;jzihf ESpfrsdK;pvHk; tapcHEkdifoljzpfonf/ oifonf oif\udk,fcE¨mukd c½k"r®jyKjcif;ukd ,laqmifapjcif;tm;jzihf oif\r,m;ukdvnf; tapcHEdkifoljzpfonf/ ay:aygufvmaom oif\ oGifjyif vu©Pmukd Munh½f jI yKpak pjcif;jzpfonf/ xkt dY jyif oif\ rdwzf uf pdw0f ifpm;jcif;rsm; twGuf aiGoHk;pGJ&mwGif oif\rdwfaqGrsm; tBuHtÓPf rsm;tm;jzihf pdwfra0cGJ Edkifjcif;r&Sday/ oifonf ajympum;rsm;ESihf tapcH Ekdifoljzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl trlt,mESihfwuG udk,ftrlt&m? EIwftrIESihfvnf; tapcHEkdifoljzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifjyK&mü a&TUajymif;vIyf&Sm;zdkY ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tcef;rsm;wpfck&Sdonf/ xdkYtjyif xdkae&mü tapcHzdkY ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tcGifhta&;wpfck&Sdonf/

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aumif;csD;r*FvmESihf aysmfarGUapjcif; þt&mrsm;ukd oifwo Ykd í d odonftwdik ;f usiv hf Qif r*Fvm&S\ d / (a,m? 13;17) xdkt&mukd vufcHolyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;tm; trIawmfaqmifjcif;onf aumif;csD; r*Fvmrsm;ay;aepOftwGif; tapcHolwpfOD;tay: tjrifhjrwfqHk;aom aumif;csD; r*Fvmusqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ usa&mufvmaom ½lyg½Hk&Sif;vif;atmif jyKvkyfxm;aom wefqm qifjcif; ESihftwl oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;onf ajrBuD;ay:&Sd bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmf twGuf vSywifhw,faom ½kyfyHkum;csyfwpfckjzpfvmzdkY tqdyfoihfapygonf/ xdkt&mukd aumif;rGefpGm wnfaqmufzdkY oif\taumif; qHk; csOf;uyfjcif;onf oif & xm;aom trI a wmf a qmif j cif ; tcG i f h t a&;wd k i f ; ud k ,l w if 0 wf a qmif zd k Y j zpf o nf / tcsif ; csif ; wpf a ,muf u d k w pf a ,muf wnf a qmuf a y;jcif ; ES i h f bk&m;ocif\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm; pD;qif;vmjcif; ukd apmihfMunhfjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf pwifwnfaqmufay;Muaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf uREykf w f t Ykd m; pwifwnfaqmufay;jcif;jzpfonf/ olonf uREykf w f Ykd \ avmuBuD;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aom e,fedrdwfrsm;ukd toHk;jyKxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ uREykf w f yYkd wfvnf&dS vlajrmufrsm;pGm ESiw fh uG aus;Zl;awmfEiS fh ud, k af wmf\ arwåmukd a0rQzdkYuREfkyfwdkYtm;cGifh jyKxm;onf/ trIawmfaqmifjcif;tm; oifonf tcsif ; csif ; wpf a ,muf u d k wpf a ,muf u d k wnf a qmuf j cif ; jzpf o nf t wd k i f ; bk&m;ocifonf oifMoZmvTrf;rdk;aom e,fy,f&Sd vlrsm;twGuf tapcHzdkY tcGihfta&;rsm;ukd zGifhay;vdrhfrnf/ ol\ 0if;0if;ajymifaom tBuHtpnfonf tjypftemtqm trsm;qH;k &Smaom r,HMk unforl sm;twGuf yifvQif OD;acgif;rsm;ukd vSnfhxm;aom xdkodkYjzpfaom txl;uRrf;usifol\ vufpGrf;vufp wpfck txJodkY oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd jyKvkyfzdkYjzpfonf/ tapcHjcif;onf pdwfaepdwfxm;ESihf vkyfaqmifjcif;ESpfrsdK;pvHk; yg0ifp&m taMumif;&Sdonf/ oifonf tcsdefwdkif; oif\r,m;udk tapcHzdkY ta&;BuD;aom jzpf&yfwpfckjzpfonf/ wkefYjyefcsufoHk;ckteufwpfckudk oif a&G;cs,fxm;Ekdifonf/ wpfu, kd af umif;qefjcif;twGuf a&G;cGi&fh jdS cif;ESifh jiif;y,fzjYkd zpfonf/ wm0efcw H m0ef ,ljcif;twGuf o0efwdkjcif;tjriftm½Hk wpfckESifhtwl tapcHzdkYjzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf

214 oif\toufwmudk aysmfarGUjcif;ESihf jynhf0pGmvJavsmif;ay;zdkYjzpfonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf oifonf oif\ rdwfzuftm; cefYnm;ap&mü txl;ESpfNrdKUjcif; aMumihfjzpfonf/ xkpd w d o f abmudk oifwüYkd vnf;&Sad pMuavmh/ xdo k cifonf bk&m; ocif\ o@mefawmfESihf jynhfpHkapawmfrlonfjzpf\ bk&m;ocifESihf NydKifaom trIukd vk,ljcif;trI[lí rxifrrSwfvsufyif rdrdtoa&udk pGefYí tapcH u Ref \ o@mef u k d ,l a qmif v suf vl u J h o d k Y a om tjzpf ü zGm;jrifjcif;udk cHawmfrl\/ (zdvdyÜd ? 2;5-7) oifonf wpfpw kH pfa,mufEiS fh tdraf xmifjyKaomtcg oifü use&f adS eao; aom toufwmtwGuf oifonf xko d w l t Ykd m; tapcHzYkd xl;jcm;aom taMumif;&if; vu©PmtxJodkY 0ifa&mufoGm;oljzpfonf/ oif\ ]]uREfkyfvkyfonf}} onf ]]uREfkyfonf oif\taumif;qHk; pdwf0ifpm; rIrsm;twGuf uREfkyf\ toufwmudk quf u yf t yf E S H o l j zpf o nf [ k trS e f pif p pf a jymzd k Y t wG u f wpf j cm;enf ; vrf ; wpfcjk zpfonf/ uREykf o f nf oif\ud, k pf m; uREykf \ f toufwmudk vJavsmif;ay;&mü &Tijf rL;apzdYk a&G;cs,x f m; oljzpfonf/ oif\yef;wdik rf sm; vdv k m;awmifw h jcif;rsm;ESifh tdrfrufrsm;onf ,ckuREfkyftwGuf tqHk;pGefpdwf0ifpm;jcif; twGufjzpfonf/ uRefronf oifESifhtwl bk&m;ocif\arwåmudk cif;usif;jyoxm;zdkYtb,fodkY oif,l csifoljzpfonf/ tu,fíoifonf tapcHwpfOD;\ {ueftrSefjzpfaom ESdrfhcsjcif; tae txm;ESihf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk csOf;uyfoljzpfonfqdkygu oifonf bk&m;ocif\ wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;ESihf awGUBuHK&vdrhfrnf/ ¤if;onf tpOftNrJvG,fulvdrhfrnf r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif tu,fíoifonf wpfudk,faumif;rqefbJ touf&SifzdkY a&G;cs,fxm;jcif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\ taumif;qHk;aom t&mtwGuf auseyf a&mihf&Joljzpfonfqdkygu oif\tdrfaxmifonf pHkvifjcif;jynhf0aom aysmf&Tif 0rf;ajrmufjcif; Nidrfoufjcif;aysmfarGUjcif; cspfjcif;arwåmESihftwl pD;qif;vm vdrhfrnf/

215 yxraeY avmu0wf

atmifjrifjcif;twGuf vQdKU0Sufcsuf oifwdkYonf vTwfjcif;tcGihfudk &aomoljzpfMu\/ odkYaomfvnf; Zmwdyuwdtm; tcGihfudk ay;í xdkvTwfjcif;udk roHk;MuESihf tcsif;csif;\ trIcsif;udk aqmif&GufMuavmh/ *vmwd? 5;13 ]arwåmonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/ arwåmonf bk&m;ociftwGufjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif arwåmonf wpfjcm;yk*¾dKvf twGufjzpfonf}} pma&;q&mrsm;ESihf w&m;a[mq&mrsm;jzpfol a'gwmwm *Ref;axmif;qefY ESihf a'gufwm [,feD&DuavmufwdkYu &Sif;vif;atmif ajymjyMuonfrSm ]]¤if;onf tjcm;yk*¾dKvftwGuf ¤if;udk,fwdkif taumif;qHk; ukd &SmazGMunfhjcif;ESihf azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf ¤if;ESihfxdkufwefonfjzpfap? wpfckckonf taMumif;csif; &mr[kwfay/ ¤if;onf wpfpHkwpfa,muf \ udk,fydkifwpfudk,f aumif;qefaom vdktyfjcif;? wyfrufjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í tjcm;yk*¾dKvfudk ae&mcsxm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf 'ku©a0'emcHjcif; ay;urf;jcif;ESihf ylaZmfqufuyfjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf y#dnmOfjyKjcif;twGuf rysufpD;atmif a&&SnfpDrHudef;ESihf xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif; twGuf rkefwdkif;rsm;ESihf emusifjcif;&Sdaom &moDOwkrsm;jzpfonf[lí &Sif;vif;ajym qdkxm;Muonf/ oif h r ,m;\ taumif ; qH k ; pd w f 0 if p m;rI r sm;uk d &S m azG j cif ; jzpf o nf / ol w d k Y \ vd k t yf j cif ; rsm;uk d ae&mcsxm;apjcif ; jzpf o nf / oif h u d k , f y d k i f t xuf ü&S d a om wyf r uf j cif ; rsm;jzpf o nf / wpf c k w nf ; aomt&mES i h f ud k , f a ,mif j y í cyf o d r f ; aomt&mud k yl a Zmf o uú m jzpf z d k Y ay;urf ; vS L 'gef ; apjcif ; jzpf onf / tapcH a pjcif ; jzpf o nf / þt&monf atmif j rif a omtcg td r f a xmif jyKjcif ; wpf c k t wG u f vd Q KU0S u f c suf j zpf o nf / &yfxm;í pOf;pm;Munhfyg/ oif\r,m;pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm; wpfcsdKU&Sdonf qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ xdkolwdkYtm; pHkvifjcif;ukd tb,fodkY o,faqmifvmyg oenf;/ olwdkYonf zefqif;jcif;tcsdefumvrsm;ü tb,fodkY aysmfydkufaeMuyg

216 oenf;/ <u<u&G&G &SdonfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ cHpm;ae&aom aysmf&Tifjcif;? &TifjrL;jcif;? ajzavsmhjcif;ESihf olwdkYtm; tb,fodkY jzpfyGm;aeygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OD;pm;ay;jcif;wpfcu k dk pdw0f ifpm;aomolrsm;tm; jyKvyk af y;jcif;ESifh olw\ Ykd pdwf0ifpm;jcif;rsm;tm;jzihf oifonf olwdkYtm; cGeftm;ay;Edkifaom tb,fodkYjzpf aom enf;vrf;rsm;ü &Sdygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oihfudk,fudk udk,far;Munhfyg/ xdkYtjyif oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd ar;Munfhyg/ uREfkyf\r,m;tm; tapcHapjcif;ESihf uREfkyftm;apmihfxdef; apjcif;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ twåqefjcif;udk jr§ifhwifay;apjcif;odkY r[kwf twåqefjcif;ukd avmifuRr;f apjcif;jzpfaom xdt k &monf uREykf f txJü xl;jcm;aom rnfonht f &m rqkd &Sdaeygovm;/ tu,fí uREfkyfonf tapcHjcif;ESihf uREfkyfudk,fwdkif ESdrhfcsol wpfa,mufjzpfonfqykd gu pd;k &GUH xdwv f efjY cif;&Sad om uREykf t f wGuf jzpfysuv f mrnfh rnfonhfwpfpHkwpf&m &Sdaeygovm;/ oif\ESvHk;om;ukd oihftm;jyoay;zdkY oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftwGuf qkawmif;yg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ocifa,½Ionf tqHk;pGeftapcHoljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ om;uJhodkY tapcHol jzpfonf/ oifonf ol\]]'Dtefat}} vufcHxm;oljzpfonf/ xdkt&monf trSefw&m;jzpfonfAsm/ oifonf udk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&m ADZrsm;&Sdonf/ tb,fojYkd zpfaom tapcHjcif;twGuf wpfcjk zpf onf/ atmufazmfjyusr;f yd'k rf sm;ukd tm½HkjyKzdkY wpfcPwmtcsdef,lyg/ bk&m;ocifjzpfymG ;apaomol rnfonfum; 'kp½du k u f dk rjyKwwf/ taMumif;rl um; xko d ül rsKd ;aphawmfwnf&\ dS / xdo k o l nf bk&m;ocifjzpfymG ; apawmfral om oljzpfaomaMumifh 'kp½du k u f kd rjyKEikd /f -1a,m? 3;9

217 razmufjyefrysupf ;D wwfaom rsKd ;aphwnf;[laom touf&iS í f tpOftNrJ wnfawmfrlaom bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmftm; jzpfyGm;aomaMumihf nDtpfudkrsm;ukd cspfa,mifraqmif? trSefcspfjcif; tvdkYiSm pdwfxJrSm or®mw&m;ukd em;axmifvsuf ud, k pf w d Ef v S ;kH ukd pifMu,fapNy;D onfEiS t fh nD pifMu,faom pdwfESihftcsif;csif; tm;BuD;aom cspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh/ -1ay? 1;23 0efav;í yifyef;aomoltaygif;wdkY? ighxHodkYvmMuavmh/ igonf csrf;om ay/ ighxrf;ydk;ukdwifí xrf;Muavmh/ ighxHüenf;cHMuavmh/igonf El;nHhodrfarGUESdrfhcsaom oabm&Sd\/ oifwkYd pdwfESvHk;onf oufomjcif;udk &vdrrhf nf/ taMumif;rlum; ighxrf;yd;k onf xrf;vG,\ f / ihg0efvnf;aygh\/ -róJ? 11;28-30 oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhtm;tb,fodkY zGihfjyaeyg oenf;/ þusrf;ydk'f rsm;onf oifhtm; tb,frQavmuf cGeftm;ay;aeyg oenf;/ qkawmif;zdkYoifhtm; tb,fodkYpdwfvIyf&Sm;apygoenf;/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

'kwd,aeY avmu0wf

pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihftmPmudk tavhtusihfjzpfapjcif; vlonf tb,fodkYaomoljzpfí udk,fawmfonf atmufarhawmf rloenf;/ vlom;onf tb,fodkYaom oljzpfí tMunhft½I <uvmawmfrl oenf;/ olYukd aumif;uifwrefwdkYatmufü tenf;i,fESdrhfcsawmfrlNyD/ zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mudk tkyfpdk;apí odk;? EGm; tp&Sdaom ajrwd&pämef? rdkCf;aumif;uif iSufyifv,fig;ESihfyifv,fvrf;üoGm; wwfaomwd&pämef rSpí cyfodrf; aom t&mwdkYudk ol\ajcatmufü csxm;awmfrlNyD/ -qm? 8;4?6/

218 c&pfawmfüwnfaom ,HMk unforl sm;jzpfMuonht f wdik ;f ESv;kH om;wpfcEk iS hf ud, k u f sKd ; pGefYjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ tarGtESpftpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/ aumif;uifbHkü &Sad wmfral om uREykf w f \ Ykd crnf;awmfb&k m;\ þtHMh o zG,af umif;aom xl;jcm;aom 0daoovu©Pmrsm;onf pdkufysdK;jcif;cH&aom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ud, k af wmfEiS fh rdwo f [m,zGUJ &mü tcsed u f kd toH;k csorl sm;jzpfonht f wdik ;f uREykf w f \ Ykd toufwmrsm;tm;jzihf ppfrSefaom or®mw&m;ukd jyKvkyfjcif;ESihf pdkufysdK;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpf aomt&monf uREkfyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY tm; pOfquf rjywfpkHvifapzdkY oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;cGifhjyKaom uREfkyf wdkYonf xdkenf;wl ocifa,½ItapcHb0udk yJhwifxyfaom tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rsm; jzpfonf/ bk & m;ocif E S i h f oif \ rd w f o [m,zG J U jcif ; pwif c J h a om tcsd e f u mv taMumif;udk xif[yfjyyg/ omíaumif;jcif;twGuf ud, k af wmf\ 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhudk jyKjyifajymif;vJaom txl;enf;vrf;rsm;&SdonfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ olonf oif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk tb,fodkY jyKjyifajymif;vJ apygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ol\0dnmOfawmf usdef;0yfawmfrljcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf oifhtwGuf vdv k m;awmifw h jcif;jzpfonf/ oif\ rdwzf ufonf oifu h kd ,Hrk w S í f tyfEx HS m;aom t&mtm;vHk;tay:&Sd pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihftmPmudk usihfoHk;zdkYjzpfonf/ 1828ckESpfxkwf 0uf(yf)pwm\ rlvtbd"mefusrf; tvdkt& ]]pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyf ydkifcGihf tmPm}}a0g[m&\ t"dyÜg,frSm xdef;csKyfjcif; tmPmodkYr[kwftpdk;& tmPm jzpfonf/ tmPmonf xdef;csKyfzdkY ñTefMum; zdkYjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif tcsKyftjcm tmPmudktoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhtmPm\ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfjcif;taMumif;udk owdBuD;pGm jyefzwfyg/ ,ck&yfxm;í toD;oD;pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ vifr,m; pHkwGJwpfckjzpf onfh twdkif; vTrf;rdk;aeaom vkyfydkifcGihftmPmudk usihfoHk;jcif; odkYr[kwf oif\c½k"r® jyKpkjcif;tm;jzihf tkyfcsKyfí ñTefMum;zdkYjzpfjcif; odkYr[kwf oif\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufü

219 tb,foYkd csay;xm;ygoenf;/ odrYk [kwf ae&mcsay; aomolonf tb,foel nf;/ oifonf þ{&d,me,fy,frsm;ü tb,fodkY jyKvkyfaeoljzpfygoenf;/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oifhudkxdef;csKyfjcif;ESihf ,ckt&SdeftapmfvTrf;rdk;apaom wpfpHkwpf&m txJodkY vdrf,Sufxm;aom oif\pdk;rkd;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihftmPmtwGuf rnfonfh{&d,m e,fy,fürqkd &Sdaeygovm;/ tu,fí xdkodkYjzpfonfqdkygu &Sif;vif;atmif jyKvkyfay;yg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------þ{&d,me,fy,fudk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfodkY qufuyfí qkawmif;yg/ xdk{&d,me,fy,fxJü pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGihfudk jyefvnfatmifEdkif a&;twGuf tpDtpOfwpfckESihf ol\aus;Zl;awmfudk oifhtm;ay;jcif;ESihf oihfudk cGifhvTwfzdkY olYudk awmif;cHyg/ &efolwpfa,mufukd,fpm;aygif;azmfjcif; wpfckuJhodkY oif\rdwfzuf ESihftwl oiftvkyfvkyfEdkifaom tb,fodkYaom enf;vrf;rsm;ü &Sdygoenf;/ trIawmfaqmifjcif;ESihf tvkyv f yk zf t Ykd wGuf oif\{&d,m e,fy,frsm; oif\t&if; tjrpfrsm; oif\uav;rsm;tp&Sd onfwüYkd vTr;f rd;k aeaom pd;k rd;k tkycf sKyt f mPmudk oifonf tb,fodkY omíaumif;aom usifhpOfESifh usifhEdkifygoenf;/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oifESihf oif\rdwfzufonf &nf&G,fcsufESihf ESvHk;om;xJü wpfvHk; wpf0 wnf;jzpfvmMuaomtcg oifonf wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;vmoljzpfonf/ wpfvHk; wpf0wnf;&Sdaomae&mü bk&m;ocifonf aumifcsD;r*FvmwpfckESihf trdefYay;jcif; jzpfonf/ (qm? 133 udkzwfygav) oifESihf oif\ r,m;tMum; tpGrf;ukef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;ESihf uGJjym;jcif;udk jzpfyGm;apzdkYtcsdefydk tvkyfvkyfvsuf&Sdaom

220 &efolonf tb,fodkYaom {&d,me,fy,fü&Sdyg oenf;/ oifhudk,foif ESdrhfcsyg/ bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmuf þjyóemrsm;twGuf vufajr§muft½HI;ay;yg/ ol\ 0dnmOfukd BuKd qykd g/ oif\rdwzf ufEiS fh twl wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ukd awmif;cHyg/ bk&m;ocif aumif;csD;r*Fvmudk arQmfvifhyg/

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222 jcif;tm;jzihf pifMu,foef&Y iS ;f aprnft h aMumif; xdt k oif;awmftzdYk tvdiYk mS udk,fudkpGefYawmfrl\/ xkdenf;wl a,musfm;wdkYonf rdrdudk,fudk cspfouJhodkY rdrdcifyGef;udk cspf&rnf/ cifyGef;ukd cspfaomolonf udk,fukd cspfaomol jzpf\/ ud, k t f om;ukd rke;f aomolwpfa,mufrQr&S/d c&pfawmfonf toif;awmfukd auR;arG;jyKpkouJhodkY cyfodrf;aomolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY tom;udk auR;arG;jyKpk wwf\/ tu,fpifppfigwdkYonf ocifbk&m; \tom;awmf? t½dk;awmfwdkY t0ifjzpfí ud, k af wmfjrwf\t*FgjzpfMu\/ xdt k aMumif;aMumihf a,musmf ; onf udk,hfrdbudkpGefY í ukd,fcifyGef;ü rSD0Jojzihf xdkolESpf a,mufwdkYonf tom;wudk,f wnf;jzpf&vdrhfrnf/ -{zuf? 5;22-31 owif;pum;jzpfonf/ oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfonf r,m;\ o½kyaf qmifjcif;ESifh cifyeG ;f \ o½kyaf qmif jcif;taMumif;ukd oifhtm; tb,fodkY jyoaeygoenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oif\bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aom o½kyfaqmifjcif;ukd xkwfazmf touf&Sif jcif;tm;jzihf oifonf r,m;tm; tb,fodkYcefYnm;apoljzpfygoenf;/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------acwå&yfíqkawmif;yg/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfbk&m;? uREfkyf\ r,m;tm; cefYnm;apjcif;rS uREfkyftm; xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufapjcif;jzpfonf qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ cefYnm;apEdkifjcif;r&Sdjcif;taMumif;aMumihf uREfkyfonf tb,fodkY vG J a csmf a pol j zpf y goenf ; / uREf k y f \ r,m;ü&S d a om pG r f ; &nf u d k u REf k y f o nf tb,faMumihf toHwdwfESihf pGefYypfxm;&ygoenf;/ xl;vGefaomolwdkY\wefzdk;ukd MunhfjrifwwfzdkY uREfkyftm; aus;Zl;í rpawmfrlyg/ wdwfqdwfpGmaeí em;axmifyg/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oifESihf tb,fodkY zGihfjyxm;oenf;/

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234 uREfkyfwdkYESihftoGifrwlaom vlajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ bk&m;ocif onf oH0gojyKjcif;twGuf &SufaMumufjcif;r&Sday/ olonf ¤if;\ &nf&G,fcsufudk qif,ifusif;yjcif;ESihf ¤if;\vSywihfw,fjcif;ukd ESpfNcdKufaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY\ vufyGef;wwDaejcif;ü &if;ESD;pGm yg0ifa&m&Sufvdkaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ a&cHajrcH vifr,m;cef; twGif;xJü&Sdaom oH0gojyKjcif;onf aumif;jcif;omr[kwf? vufcHEkdifzG,f jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ txl;jrihfjrwfjcif;ESihf ¤if;\tm;wufapaom cGeftm; jzpfonfAsm/ ]]oif\arwåmtwGuf euf½dIif;pGm aomufyg}} [lí a&Smvrkef oDcsif;u ajymygonf/ tjcm;pum;jzihf qdk&ygrl oH0gojyKjcif;onf toJpGJaomt&mESihf eufeJodrfarGUaom t&mjzpfonf/ tay:,HtawGU tBuHKwpfcktwGuf tenfxkdif apaom taMumif;jycsurf &Sad y/ t&omcH jcif;ESifh aysmaf rGUjcif;onf vufyeG ;f wwD; aejcif;\ NydKifbufuif;aom auseyfa&mifh&Jjcif;jzpfonf/ oH0gojyKjcif;onf qufpyfí jyefvnfopfviG af paom Mu,fo;D wpfv;kH ukd ½dkufykwfjcif;ESihfwlygonf/ xdkYaMumihf ¤if;onf tHhMozG,faumif;jcif; r[kwfonfrSm xkdodkYjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmonf umrqdkif&m ESpfaxmif;tm;&jcif;twGuf wifpm;jcif;wpfckuJhodkY a&udktoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif oH0gojyKjcif;ukd pHkvifapjcif;jzpfonf/ a&onfqufvuf touf&SifzdkYtwGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom t&mjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf touf&Sif&ef vdktyfaomt&mESihf jyefvnf vef;qef;vm aom t&mudkBudKwif pDrHcefYcGJay;onf/ usef;rmoefpGrf;aom oH0gojyKjcif; toufwmwpfckonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf pHkvifaom tESpfom&r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;\wefzdk;onf wpfqdwfwpftdwfajym qdka&;om;í r&Ekdifaom t&m jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf arwåmjyjcif;twGuf BuH&G,foljzpfonf/ csD;rGrf; axmyemjyKzdkY jzpfonf/ toufwmrsm;ESpfckonf wpfckESihfwpfck vdrf,Suf íaeaom xkt d &monf euf½iId ;f aom y#dnmOfjyKjcif;twGuf tHMh ozG,f aumif;aom owday;jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ oH0gojyKjcif;onf oihfusef;rma&;twGuf aumif;aom xdkt&mudk oifox d m;ygovm;/ tcsKyt f m;jzihf oif\ES;D EG,af eaom vufyeG ;f wwD; aejcif;ukd wdk;rsm;vmapzdkYjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf oif\rpGJuyfEdkifaom pepf tm; tusdK;aus;Zl; jzpfonf/ oefpGrf;aom tav;csdefwpfckqufvufxdef; odrf;zdkYoifhudkulnD jcif;jzpfaponf/ oif\aoG;wdk;EIef;udkomí atmufus apygonf/ emusifrIukd

235 avsmhyg;apygonf/ ESvHk;om;wdkufcdkufzdkYtwGuf BudK;pm; tm;xkwfjcif;ESdrfhqif; oGm;apygonf/ tusdK;aus;Zl;wpfcsdKUudkom trnfemray;zdkYjzpfonf/ toif;awmf\*kdPf;uPcGJolvlpkrsm;wpfcsdKUonf udk,fum, taoG; tom;ESifh qdik af omcHwiG ;f awGUjcif; azmufjyefapaom t&mwpfcu k o hJ Ykd umr*kPEf iS fh qdik af om vufyeG ;f wwD;jcif;twGuf wyfrufjcif;udk to a&ysuaf polrsm;jzpfonf/ þtaMumif;aMumihf tdrfaxmiftwGif; oH0gojyKjcif;onf tqdk;qHk;½dkufykwfoH wpfckvufcH&&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/ wpfcsdKUvlrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm; ,HkMunfjcif;&Sdap ayvd r h f r nf / ¤if ; onf wm0ef & S d j cif ; twG u f aqmif & G u f c suf w pf c k j zpf o nf / r,m;onf olr\ cifyGef;udk,fpm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif trSefw&m; jzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ oH0gojyKjcif;onf vifr,m;ESpfOD;pvHk;\ aysmfarGUjcif;twGuf jzpfonfAsm/ wpfcsdKUvlrsm;u aygufyGm;jcif;tzdkY tvdkYiSm r&S d r jzpf c H E d k i f & nf & S d a om ewf q d k ; wpf a umif u J h o d k Y oH 0 gojyKjcif ; ud k toa& ysufapygonf/ þt&monf vQdKU0Sufaom aqmif&GufcsuftwGuf pmwef\ trsdK;tzHkzHkaom azmufjyefjcif;ESihftwlwpfavQmufvHk; pdwfwGifjrif a,mifaom vGrJ mS ;aom vrf;ñTejf yjcif;jzpfonf/ Bu;D rm;aom odjrifem; vnfjcif; ESit fh wl½jI rifzYkd vlajrmufrsm;pGmtm; jzpfyGm;apygonf/ jyef v nf x k w f v k y f j cif ; onf oH 0 gojyKjcif ; twG u f wpf c k w nf ; aom &nf & G , f c suf j zpf o nf / od k Y & mwG i f tptOD ; ü bk & m;ocif o nf ok c csrf ; om jcif;twGufvnf; t&if;tjrpfwpfckjzpfapzdkYxdkt&mudk yHkpHjyKxm;jcif;jzpf onf/ or® m usrf ; pmu ñT e f j yxm;onf r S m ]]oif \ prf ; a&wG i f ; ü r*F v m&S d a p í touft&G,fysdKpOfumvaygif;azmfaomr,m;ESihftwl aysmfarGUavmh olonf pHkrufwwfaom orifr? ESpfvkdzG,faom '&,fruJhodkYjzpfí ol\ om;jrwfwdkYonf oif\tvdkqE´udk tqifajyapí olYudkcspfaompdwfESihf tpOf,pfrl;aeavmh[lí a&;om;xm;onf (okwåH? 5;18-19) bk&m;ocifonf £a`E&´ iS rf [kwo f nfrmS xif&mS ;ygonf/ olonf oH0gojyK jcif;ESiq f h id k af om t*Fgrsm;ukd zefqif;onf/ xdt Y k jyif olonf xdt k *Fgrsm;\ vkyif ef;rsm;tm;jzihf aESmif, h u S w f m;qD;jcif;r&Sad y/ olonfo0H gojyKjcif;ukd zefqif;onf/ ¤if;\ tm½Hak wGUxjdcif;onf cdik rf monf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd udavomcHpm;jcif;onf ol\txl;ESpNf rKd Ujcif;jzpfonf/ olonf uREyk f w f \ Y k d oH0gojyKjcif;ESiq f h ik d af om wyfrufjcif;udk wdo k mG ;atmifjzwf xm;zdv Yk v k d m;jcif;r&Sad y/ olonfxo kd w l t Y k d m; oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,fomG ;zdY k vkv d m;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/

236

oH0gojyKjcif;ukd pifMu,fapjcif; pifMu,fapjcif;onf oef&Y iS ;f jcif;\ c&D;pOfjzpfonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf tb,fov Ykd nf; ajymEdkifonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY\ toufwmrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ taumif;qHk; c&D;pOfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ociftwGuf oGef;avmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlYZmwdtwGuf tqDxw k , f jl cif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;twGuf pOf;pm; Munhjf cif;jzpfonf/ pd;k &GUH xdwv f efzY , G f aumif;aom oH0gojyKjcif;toufwm wpfckudk zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;jzpfonf/ (uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocif\ tb,fodkYaumif;aom tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf) tdr&f mxJü oef&Y iS ;f zdYk bk&m;ocif\ac:awmfrjl cif;ukd ayGUydu k x f m;jcif;ESifh pwifjcif; jzpfonf/ xdo k aYkd qmif&u G jf cif;tm;jzihf uREykf w f o Ykd nf vlom;pdwu f ;l ,Ofjcif; twGuf tuefYtowfudkausmfvGefaom oH0goESihfqdkifaom ESpfNcdKufjcif;udk &SmazGawGU&Sdyg vdrhfrnf/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;om pifMu,fapEkdifonf/ odkYr[kwf bk&m;ocifonf oefY&Sif;jcif;udk zefwD;onf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf olYtm;tb,fodkY urf;vSrf;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ 0rf;enf;zG,faumif;onfrSm uREkfyfwdkYrsm;teuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;onf olYtwGuf uREfkyfwdkY\ zdkrobm0udk wifqufzdkY jiif;y,fjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf uREfkyfwdkYonf twdwfb0ukd rSm;,Gif;jcif;twGuf t&SufuGJ&jcif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ twdwfb0u tvGJoHk;pGJjcif; tm;jzihf vuf&zrf;rdou l kd vufqyk v f ufuikd f xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þtawGUtBuKH rsm; onf roefY&Sif;jcif;uJhodkY uREfkyfwdkY\ oH0gojyKjcif;ESihfqdkifaom obm0udk ½IjrifzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; jzpfyGm;apygonf/ xdkYaMumihf uREfkyfwdkYonf wpfckwnf;aom oefY&Sif;jcif;rS þt&dyfvGrf;rdk; aom e,fy,frsm;ukd 'dkif;vTm;jzpfapzdkY BudK;pm;aeMu olrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf vlajrmufrsm;pGm tb,fodkY arhaysmufjcif;ukd tHhMozG,f jzpfaponfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ oH0gojyKjcif;twGuf zefqif;olonf ¤if;udo k ef&Y iS ;f zdkY jyKvkyfjcif;ESihf ¤if;udka&G;EIwfu,fwifzdkY wefcdk;awmf&Sdonf/ &SufaMumufjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtay: A[dkjyKjcif;udk xdef;odrf;apmihf a&Smufvdkonf/ xdktjyifbk&m;ocifESihf uGma0;apvdkaom &SufaMumufjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESihfMuifemjcif;w&m;udk y,fcszdkY uREykf w f t Ykd m; jzpfymG ;apaom BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwjf cif; wpfcük jyefvnfí axmifacsmuf

237 axmifjcif;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;ü tpOD;wGif &SufaMumufjcif; ESihfwlaom tb,fodkY aom tjrif½Iaxmifhonf trSefpifppf rmefrme twGufyHkpH wpfcktxJodkY jyefvSnhf oGm;Ekid o f nf/ olonftb,foYkd aqmif&u G cf ahJ omfvnf; uREykf w f \ Ykd toufwmrsm; twGuf þ&if;ESD;aom {&d,me,fy,fudk ukozdkY tvHktavmuf r&SdouJhodkY uREykf w f o Ykd nf bk&m;ocif\ Muifemjcif;w&m;udk apmfum;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif \ tvif;w&m;ESifh ¤if;udv k w G af jrmuf apjcif;xufomí ydwx f m;aom uREykf w f \ Ykd emusifjcif; udkqufvufí vufqkyfvufudkifxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkY\ oH0gojyK jcif;ESiq fh ikd af om twdwu f mvü olwu Ykd muG,zf Ykd bk&m;ocif vSpv f sLjcif; udk cHpm;&aomolrsm;onf olwdkY\ypöKyÜefb0txJodkY olYtm;zdwfac:zdkY rMumcP pdk;&drfxdwfvefYaeMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ tjzpftysufrSm bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdus qif;oGm;jcif;r[kwfay/ tb,fodkYjzpfysufcJhjcif;onf usqif;oGm;aom vlom;\ tusKd ;qufjzpfonf/ tjypfw&m;twGuf &Suaf Mumufjcif;ukd cGirfh jyKygESi/fh odrYk [kwf tvGo J ;kH pGjJ cif;onf oH0goESiq fh ikd af om okccsr;f om? umrydik Ef iS q hf ikd af om vufyeG ;f wwD;aejcif;twGuf pHkvifaom tus,fcsJUjcif;udk aysmfarGUap&mrS oihfudkapmihf xdef;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf¤if;ukd wpfvHk;wpf0wnf; jyKvkyfjcif;ESihf usdK;yJhoGm;aom ae&m wdkif;ukd ukocsrf;omay;zdkYawmif;wonf/ c&pf,mefvifr,m;pHkwGJajrmufrsm;pGmESihf tvGeftoGifwlaom uREfkyfwdkY onf yxrOD;qHk;tdrfaxmifjyKMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf yg&m'dokbHkodkY vrf;c&D; tay: uREfkyfwdkYtm;wnfaxmifxm;jcif;ESihf uREfkyfwdkYtwdwf umvrsm;twGuf oH0goESiq fh ikd af om oifyek ;f ausmufrsm;ukd oef&Y iS ;f atmif wHjrufpnf;vSn;f ay;rnhf vifcef;r,m;qdkif&m opömuwdrsm;ukd wm0ef,lMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkt&mukd ,HkMunfjcif;&Sdygonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf uREkfyfwdkYonf cspfMujcif; taMumif;aMumihf jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;wpfa,muf atmufwpfa,muf 0efcHxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\tem*wfb0twGuf wHcg;0ifaygufudk jzwfoef;oGm;Edkifaom twdwfumvrS t&dyfr&Sday/ uREfkyfwdkY pdwu f ;l ,Of xm;MuonfrmS xdo k jYkd zpfygonf/ oH0gojyK jcif;ESifh ukid af om vufyeG ;f w wD; aejcif;ESifh enf;vrf;wus csO;f uyfciG o fh nf wpfu, kd af umif; qefaom yHpk rH sm;ukd jynfESif'Pfay;ygvdrhfrnf/ odkYr[kwf &SufaMumufjcif;udk ysuf,Gif; apvdrhfrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf 0rf;enf;pGm rSm;,Gif;aeolrsm; jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY onf vGwfajrmuf jcif;ukd o,faqmifvmaom Asm'dwfawmfrsm;ESihf a&G;cs,fjcif;ukd a0rQzdkY tpDtpOf

238 twdkif; þae&mü uREfkyfwdkY\ wpfckwnf;aom udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;ukd aqG;aEG; &vdrfhrnf/ tarGtESpfjzpfap? usqHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfap wpfckckonf oH0gojyKjcif; ESihfqdkifaom aowrf;pmjzihfay;aom tarGypönf;opfwpfckudk wnfaxmifjcif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;tm; t&nftcsif;rrDjzpfapEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY\ zdkrobm0udk pifMu,fapEkdifonf/ xdkYtjyif uREfkyfwdkY\ twdwfumvtrSm;? ypöKyÜef umvtrSm;? ypöKyÜeftrSm;rsm;ESihf tem*wfumvtrSm;rsm;udk vGwfajrmufap Edkifaombk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif wpfckwnf;aom udk,fawmf\ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tdyf&mudk jyKvyk af y;jcif;onf cspjf cif; arwåmESifh pHv k ifjcif;twGuf cdv k &IH mwpfcjk zpfvmygonf/ oif \ twd w f u mvonf tb,f o d k Y j zpf o nf r qk d bk & m;ocif o nf oif\zkdrobm0udk pHkvifpGm jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;ESihf t&if;rlv twdkif;jzpf apzdkYvdkvm;awmif;wonf/ ol\aus;Zl;awmfonf oiftpOftNrJjyKvkyfaom t&m&mwdkif;odkYr[kwf oiftpOftNrJ cHEkdif&nf&Sdaom t&m&mwdkif;xuf omíBuD; jrwfjcif;&So d nf/ od&Yk mwGif oifonf oif\ zdrk obm0twGuf oifonf ocif[o k Yl tm; OD;pGmyxrjyKvkyfac:a0:jcif; r&SdbJ udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmfodkY csOf;uyfEdkif rnfr[kwfay/ oif\ usdK;yJh jcif;twGuf 0efcHvdkufyg/ xdkt&mudk bk&m;ociftm; ay;yg/ olonf wifhw,favsmufywfaom tdrfrufwpfcktxJodkY oif\oH0go jyKjcif;ESihf qdkifaom xrif;vHk;wapäajcmufjcif;ukd jyKjyifajymif;vJay;vdrhfrnf/

r*Fvmaqmifjcif;tdyf&mukd toa&&Sdjcif; cyfodrf;aom olwdkYü r*Fvmaqmifjcif;trIESihfopömoH0gojyKjcif; trIonf toa&&Sdapavmh/ rw&m;aomarxkefukd jyKaomolESihf olYr,m;ukd jypfrSm;aomoludk bk&m;ocifppfaMumpD&ifawmf rlvdrhfrnf/ (a[NAJ? 13;4) tu,f í oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ü jyóemwpf c k & S d o nf q k d y gu ¤if;onfO;D pGmyxr oif\tdy&f mukd jyoxm;&vdrrfh nf/ r*Fvmaqmifjcif; tdy&f mü Muifemjcif;w&m;r&Sdjcif;onf tm;enf;aomoH0gojyKjcif;qdkif&m taumiftxnf azmf j cif ; r[k w f ? xH k ; pH t wd k i f ; tjcm;jyóemrsm;twG u f oauF w vu© P m wpfckjzpfonf/ uG,f0Sufxm;aom jyóemrsm;onf xdcdkufepfemjcif;&Sdaom

239 ae&mrsm;ü ay:vGix f if&mS ;ygonf/ xdt Yk jyif uREykf w f o Ykd nf oH0gojyKjcif;ESiq fh ikd af om vufyeG ;f wwD;aejcif; wpfcPwmüxuf b,faomtcgrQ omvGeí f xdcu kd ef pfem apjcif;&Sv d rd rfh nf r[kwaf y/ oH0gojyKjcif;ESiq hf ikd af om vufyeG ;f wwD;aejcif;ü trsm;qH;k ta&;Bu;D aom usihfpOfrSm toa&&Sdapjcif;jzpfonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlrsm;onf r*Fvm aqmifjcif;tdyf&mukd rSm;,Gif;pGm ,HkMunfxm;MuonfrSm odu©mxdckdufapjcif; odkYr[kwf toa&r&SdapEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf t&m&mwdkif;onf oGm;vsuf&Sd onf/ or®mw&m;xufomvGefaomt&m wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sday/ uREfkyfwdkYonf tem*wfumv rdwfzufrsm;twGuf oD;oefYy,fxm;jcif;ESihf pifMu,faom qufvufaexdkifjcif;tm;jzihf aphpyfaMumif;vrf;xm;jcif; odkYr[kwf wpfOD;wnf;vlysdKjzpfaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;udk *kPftoa&&Sd apjcif;jzpfonf/ oH0gojyKjcif;ESihfqdkifaom vufyGef;wwD;aejcif; (xdkodkYjzpfaom rpifMu,fjcif;odkYr[kwfazmufjyefjcif; npfnrf; aom½kyfyHkuJhodkYaom t&mrsm;jzpf onf)twGuf avsmufyufwihfw,fjcif;rS *kPftoa&qkwf,kwfapzdkY tjcm; rnf o nf t &mrQjcif ; r&S d a omtm;jzih f v nf ; aumif ; txJ o d k Y t jcm;ol r sm;tm; b,faomtcgrQciG jfh yKjcif;&Sv d rd rfh nf r[kwaf omtm;jzihv f nf;aumif; r*FvmaeY&uf aemufyikd ;f uREykf w f \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif; tdy&f mrsm;ukd toa&&Sad p olrsm;jzpfonf/ r*Fvmaqmif tdyf&monf bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;r&Sdaom BudKufESpfouf&m umr*kPf vdkufpm;jcif;ukd pifMu,fapjcif; r[kwfay/ xdkxufru bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmjf cif;r&Sad om trlt,monf r*Fvmaqmiftyd &f mukd rpifMu,f apjcif;jzpf onf/ xdkYtjyif ppfrSefaom vufyGef;wwD;aysmfydkufjcif;rS uREfkyfwdkYtm; xdef;odrf; apmihfa&Smufonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rMumrwifrD vGefcJhaomtcef;BuD;xJü aqG;aEG; ajymqdkxm;onftwdkif; uREfkyfwdkYr,m;rsm;\ trsm;qHk; pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;ukd tb,fodkY tapcH&mü ae&mrsm;uJhodkY olwdkYtm; ½Ijrifjcif;tm;jzihfvnf; uREfkyfwdkY\ tdyf&mrsm;udk toa&&Sdapolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ r,m;rsm;tm;zkdrobm0ESihf tapcHjcif;onf oefY&Sif; jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkcsuf txJwGif&Sd aom olwdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk cefYnm;apjcif;[lí t"dyÜg,foufa&mufygonf/ xdt k csed üf uREykf w f o Ykd nf av;eufaomumrqufqjH cif;tm;jzihf uREykf w f \ Ykd r,m;rsm;tm; tapcHjcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf umr&m* vHIUaqmfjcif;cHpm;csuf r&So d nhw f ikd f uREykf w f \ Ykd r,m;rsm;tm; tapcHjcif; jzpfonf/ omítoufBu;D oludk

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244

usKd;yJo h mG ;aom tzdt k robm0ukd jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif; ,aeYxdwdkif uRefronf wyfrufjcif;pdk;rdk;&me,fy,fü uRefr\ zdkrobm0onf EdI;Mum;vm&oljzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmü EdI;Mum;vmjcif; r[kwfay/ uRefronf tdraf xmifjyKjcif;txJoYkd 0ifomG ;í arwåmudk vdv k m;awmihw f aomtcg uRerf onf tb,fodkYjzpfonfudk rodxm;ay/ uRefr\ESvHk;om;xJü umrqufqHjcif;onf qdk;oGrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf rSm;ygonf/ ¤if;onfwm;jrpfxm;aomt&mjzpf onf/ ,ckjzpfonfrSm xkdodkYjzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKxm;olrsm; jzpfonf/ umr qufqHjcif;onf ½kwfw&ufaumif;aomt&mjzpfonf/ qif,if usi;f yMuonf/ bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmMf uonf/ uRerf onf ul;ajymif;jcif;ukd tb,f odkY jyKvkyfzdkY&Sdonfudk odxm;olr[kwfay/ *RefESihf uRefronf twlwuG wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpf&ygvdrhfrnf/ xdkYtjyif uRefronf aumvdyfausmif;ü ig;ESpfwmrQ awGUzl;aom aMumufrufzG,f"gwf a&mifjcnf½yk &f iS w f pfcsKd Uü&Sad om yH&k yd w f pfc\ k aMumufruf zG,x f if[yfcsuw f pfcEk iS fh awGUBuHK&ygvdhrfrnf/ odkYr[kwf uRefronf a&SUus aom a,musfm;av; rdwfaqG wpfOD;ESifh twdwfumvumrquqHjcif; qdkif&m awGUBuHKjcif;ukd jyefvnftrSwf& jcif;rS &SufaMumufjcif;ESihftwl zdkrobm0udk uRefrudk,fwdkif ydwfxm;vdkufonfudk awGUjrif&ygvdrhfrnf/ ¤if;onf aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom t&mjzpfonf/ uRefronf vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;pGefYvTwfjcif;ESihftwl uRefr\ cifyGef; twGuf uRefrudk,fwkdif vGwfvyfpGm ay;zdkYwwfEkdifvmaomtcg uRefr onftwdwfumv twGuf uRefrudk,fwdkif cGeftm;ukefcrf;í NydKysufvkeD; jzpfonfudk awGUjrifvkduf& onf/ *Refonf uRefrü&Sdaom t&mtm;vHk; ESihfxkdufwefoljzpfonf/ uRefronf umrESihfqdkifaom vGwfajrmufjcif;twGuf umvtwefMum pGrf;&nfr&Sday/ ,cifu uRefr\ taMumif;zuf jcif;rsm;taMumif;aMumihfjzpfonf/ uRefronf EdIif;,SOfMunhfjcif;rsm;yHk&dyfrsm;? rpifMu,faom tawG;tac:rsm;ESihf eyrf;vHk;cJh &oljzpfonf/ &SufaMumuf jcif;w&m;ESihf eyef;owf&oljzpfonf/ xdkt&mrsm;ukd qefu Y sií f ½ke;f uef &oljzpfonf/ od&Y k mwGif ¤if;onf tusKd;aus;Zl;r&Sad pzdY k yHyk ef;ay:vmonf/ ¤if;onf uRerf \ toufwmtwGuf þusKd;aMumif;jycsurf sm;ü&S&d onfrmS xdo k jYzk d pfonf/ uRerf onf aqGpOfrsKd ;qufrsm;ESiq hf idk af om used q f jJ cif;rsm;ESifh csnaf ESmifxm;jcif;cH&aom pdw0f n d mOfuk d NzKdciG ;f aeaom wefc;k d awmftaMumif;ukd oif,v l u d k &f ygonf/

245 uRef r wd k Y o nf þpmtk y f x J ü apmapmyd k i f ; u usd e f q J a om rd o m;pk taMumif;ukd ajymqdkcJhMuolrsm;jzpfonf/uRefra&;om;azmfjyxm;onf twdkif; uRerf onf tb,foYkd rESpv f í kd jiif;y,fjcif;onf uRerf \ vrf;aMumif;xJü&Sad om opömr&Sdjcif;ESihf xm0&touf&Sifjcif;twGuf ordkif;aMumif;wpfck&Sdygonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefronf twdwfumvawGU BuHKjcif;rsm;rS csKyfaESmifxm;aom pdwf0dnmOfudkvnf; NzdKcGif;ypfzdkYjzpfonf/ xdktaMumif;aMumihf uRefrusdK;yJhaeaom umrqufqHjcif;onf jyefvnfí wnfaqmufapEkdifonf/ þtaMumif;ukd ajymaom usrf;ydk'fwpfckudk Munfh MuygpdkY/ oifwdkYudk,fcE¨monf c&pfawmf\ t*FgjzpfaMumif;udk rodMu oavm/ odjYk yKvQif c&pfawmf\ t*Fgud, k í l jynfwefqm\ t*Fgjzpfap tyfoabm/ rjzpfaptyf/ tb,fodkYenf;/ jynfwefqmü rSD0Jaomolonf xdkjynfwef qmESifh wom;wud, k w f nf; jzpfaMumif;ukd rodMuoabm/ ]]xdo k El pS af ,muf wdkYonf wom;wukd,f wnf;jzpf&vdhrfrnf/}} (1aum? 6;15-16) uRefr\ydkaeaom a,musfm;av;rdwfaqG jynfwefqmrsm;udk zdwfac: aeolr[kwf ay/ odkY&mwGif þae&mü usifhpOfonf qifwl,kd;rSm; jzpfonf/ olwdkYESihf wpfvHk; wpf0wnf;&SdcJholjzpfonf/ ,cktcg uRefronf wpfjcm;ol ESihf y#dnmOfwpfck jyKcJhygonf/ wpfOD;pDESihftwl oD;jcm;qufoG,fonf/ uRefronf vHk;vHk;vsm; tcsdefumvrMumaomfvnf; umrqufqHjcif;ukd NzdKcGif;vdkufonfwdkif uRefr\ pdwf0dnmOfonf tydkif;ydkif;tpp aMurGoGm;ygonf/ oifonf umrqufqHjcif;ukd NzdKcGif;vdkufaomtcg ¤if;onfoifhtwGuf tHhMozG,faumif; avmufatmif cufcJaomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif; jzpfonf/ oif\cifyGef;twGuf oifudk,fwdkif pHkvifpGmay;zdkYjzpfonf/ tb,f aMumihfqdkaomf oifonf rnfonhfomí rsm;onf rqdk pHkvifjcif;r&Sdoljzpf onf/ tpDtpOftwdkif; pifMu,fjcif;ü avQmufvSrf;zdkYjzpfonf/ vufyGef;wwD; aejcif; qkaus;Zll;ESihf arGUavsmfzdkYjzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf wpfvHk;wpf 0wnf;jzpf& ayrnf/ wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf usdK;yJhjcif;&Sdaom t&yfü wpfvHk;wpf0 wnf;jzpfapzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufay; Ekdifonf/ wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf npfnL;jcif;ESihf rpifMu,f jcif;ukd ,laqmifoGm;Ekdifonf/ xyfrHí

246 wpfBudrfjzLpifjcif;ESihf oefY&Sif;jcif; aomt&mukd jyKvkyfay;Ekdifaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYo,faqmifvmaom jymyHkrsm;twGuf wihfw,f jcif; toa&udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;Ekdifonf/ tu,f í oif \ umrquf q H j cif ; onf twd w f u mv ud k , f u sih f w&m;taMumif;aMumifh (rnfonhftjcm;rpifMu,fjcif;rqdk odkYr[kwf vufjzihf umrqE´azsmfajzjcif;ESihftwl awGUu&m umrqufqHjcif; vifr,m;pHkwGJ xm;aom npfnrf;aom pmaywpfckckjzpfonf) usdK;yJhoGm;onfqdkygu uRefrwdkYonf jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;\ qkawmif;csuf wpfct k wGuf tcsed u f edk aH b;wGicf sxm;zdYk xyfrí H wpfBurd f oihu f dk zdwaf c:vdo k nf/ oifqrk awmif;rDxyfrí H wpfBurd af us;Zl; jyKí oifudk,fwdkif 0dnmOfcGeftm; twGuf BudKwifjyifqifxm;yg/ oif\ qkawmif; jcif;rdwfzuf? oif\ teD;uyfqHk;rdwfaqG oif\r,m;wdkY ESihfomqkawmif;yg/ odkYr[kwf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfa&SUarSmufüom qkawmif;yg us,favmifpGm pum;ajymí qkawmif;yg/ aumif;uifbHkü &Sdawmfrlaom uRefrwdkYtz uRerf wd\ Yk tjypfw&m;rsm;twGuf jypf'Pfp&D ifjcif;uko d ,fy;kd &Guf aqmifzYkd oif\om;awmfukd apvTwaf y;jcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifyg\/ tb,faMumihq f akd omf uRefronf c&pfawmfü wnfaejcif;aMumifhjzpf onf/ uRefr\ toufwmrS a[mif;aomt&mwdkYonf ajymif;vJjcif;odkY a&mufNyD;jzpfonf/ ,ckt&mcyfodrf; onf topfjzpfNyD;jzpfonf/ 2 aum? 5;12 t& ocifa,½Ionf uRefr\ tjypfudk o,faqmifoGm;NyD;jzpfonf/ xdktaMumif;aMumifh uRefronfoif\ ajzmihfrwfjcif; &S d o l j zpf v mEd k i f y gonf / xd k t &monf ,aeY u Ref r onf tb,f o d k Y j zpf a om vlwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ ,ckuRefr0efcsifygonf/ uRefr\tjypfrsm;ukd rESpfvdkí jiif;qdkygonf/ uRefrbdk;ab;rsm;\ tjypfrsm;onf wpfpHkwpf&mtwGufjzpfonf/ vltm;vHk;onf umrESiq hf ikd af om tjypfw&m;xJü yg0ifa&m&SuMf uonf/ vltm;vH;k onf awGUu&m umrpyf,Sufjcif; azmufjyefjcif;ESihf rpifMu,fMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ (þae&mü txdrcHapyg/ oifonf rESpfvdkí jiif;qdk aom txl;ojzihf trnfemray; zdkYjzpfonf/ &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdbJ bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmufxdkolwdkYtm; xkwfazmf ajymjyyg/ olonf wpfOD;pDtm; tqifoifhodNyD;jzpfonf/ oifxHrS &SufaMumufjcif;

247 ESihf olwdkY\ 'kp½dkuf 0efxkwf0efydk;rsm;ukd z,f&Sm;zdkY aoG;awmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaemufoifonf tqifoihfjzpfaomtcg qufvufvkyfaqmifyg) crnf;awmfbk&m;? oif\ 0dnmOfawmf"g;oHvsufudk ,laqmifoGm;ygESihf uREfkyftMum;bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;r&Sdaom umrqdkif &mpdwf0dnmOfcsnfaESmif jcif;wdkif;udk tapcHyg/ (oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf twGufem;axmifyg/ ¤if;ukd oifMum;&onftwdkif; trnfwpfckpDukd xkwfajymyg/ ¤if;onf tvGefjzpfEkdifajc &Sdonf/ emrnfrsm;onf oifESihf umrqufqHjcif;r&Sdaom olESihfyif olwdkYtwGuf jzpfapEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif oifonf umrpyf,Sufaom olESihftwljzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf pdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;tm;jzihf enf;vrf;wpfckü yg0ifa&m,Sufjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkt&monf wpfOD;wnf;aom a&G;EIwfu,fwif&SifodkYr[kwf oif\r,m; twGuf oD;oefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf/) trnfwpfckpDukd wpfoD;wpfjcm; xkwfajymNyD;aemuf atmufazmfjy ygtwdkif; qkawmif;yg/ crnf;awmfbk&m; - þvlrsm;xHrS usdK;yJhoGm;aom uRefr\ pdwf0dnmOfudk jyefawGUzdkYoif\ aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd apvTwfawmfrlyg/ oif\ 0dnmOfawmf tm;jzihf uRefrtwGuf xdkolwdkYtm; jyefvnfwnfaqmuf ay;awmfrlyg/ uRefrudk oefY&Sif;jcif;ESihf wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfapEkdifygonf/ oif\aysmfarGUjcif; twGuf wpfoD;wpfjcm; wnfaqmufay;awmfrlyg/ crnf;awmfbk&m;? uRefronf awGUu&mumrpyf,Sufjcif;ESihf vuf qkyfvufudkifxm;aom azmufjyefjcif;tm;vHk;ukd rESpfvkdí jiif;y,fvdkuf ygonf/ uRefr\ rsufpda&SU? azmufjyefwwfaom yHk&dyfESihf,kwfnHhjcif;udk cGifhjyKxm;jcif; twGuf uRefrtm;cGihfvTwfawmfrlyg/ qm 101;3 üazmfjy xm;onftwdkif; uRefronf y#dnmOfwpfckjyKvkyfygonf/ uRefr\ rsufvHk; t0if0csnf;uyfaom enf;vrf;tm;jzihf uRefr\ pdwfESvHk;om; jyóemrsm; ukd apmifhxdef;&ygvdrhfrnf/ uRefr\ rsufvHk;xJ&Sd rnfonhf,kwfnHhaom t&mrqdk cGifhjyKvdrhfrnfr[kwfyg/ roefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfwdkif;udk uRefrjiif;qdkygonf/ ¤if;ukd trdefYay;awmfrlyg/ ¤if;\ MoZmESihfuRefr\ toufwm udk pGeYfypfxm;zdkYjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m; oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapaom ocifa,½I\ taoG;awmfESihf uRef r tm;aq;aMumawmf r l y g/ taMumif ; rS m wpf c k w nf ; aom xd k t &monf tjypfajz&m ajzaMumif;ESihf pifMu,fapzdkYtwGuf wefcdk;awmfjzpfonf/ oif\Adrmef

248 awmfuJhodkY uRefrudk,fwdkif ,ckqufuyftyfESHyg\/ oif\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOf awmf\ wefcdk;awmftm;jzihf þoefY&Sif;&mXmerS wpfom;wpfudk,fjzpfjcif;? pdw0f n d mOfEiS fh 0dnmOftwGuf npfnL;apaom t&mtm;vH;k udk z,f&mS ;ay;awmfryl g/ oif\0dnmOfawmf udef;0yfaejcif;ESifh jynhf0apzdkY uRefrtm; pHkvifapawmfrlyg/ awGUjrif&zdkY uRefr\ rsufvHk;rsm;ukd zGihfay;awmfrlyg/ uRefr\em;rsm;Mum;&zdkY tcGihfay;awmfrlyg/ uRefrtwGuf oifü&SdorQ taMumif;udk vufcHzdkY uRefr\ ESvHk;om;ukd zGifhay;awmfrlyg/ uRefronf udk,fawmfydkifaom ypönf;jzpfygonf/ uRefr\ toufwmü oif\enf;vrf;twdkif;jyKawmfrlyg/ oif\om;orD;rsm;udk cspfawmfrlygbk&m;/

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249 1984- ckESpfwGif uREfkyfonf toif;awmfodkY a&muf&Sdvmaom {nhfonf w&m;a[mq&mrsm;\xd k , d r f ; þ,d r f ; jzpf j cif ; twG u f wm0ef & S d o l j zpf o nf / wpf a eY a omtcg w&m;a[m{nh f o nf q &mrsm;teuf wpf O D ; tm; uREf k y f \ ½kef;uefae&jcif;taMumif;rsm;ukd zGihfcsay;vdkufygonf/ xdkolonf uREfkyftm; av;pm;&aom bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfolwpfOD;jzpf onf/ u,fwifa&G;EIwfaom trIawmfjrwfvkyfief;ESihf xifay:ausmfMum; oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfpOf;pm;onfrSm tu,fí uREfkyftm; ulnDEkdifolrnfolrqdk jzpfEkdifonfqdkygu olonfulnDEdkif oljzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf uREfkyf\ ½kef;uefrIrsm;taMumif;ukd oltm;ajymjyonf/ ol\ wkefYjyefcsufu uREfkyfarQmfvifhxm;ovdk r[kwfay/ ]]xkdt&m ud&k yfxm;vdu k yf gAsm}} [lí olajymvku d yf gonf/ ]]oifonf xkt d &mudo k m &yfxm;zdYk vdktyfonfAsm}} [lí qufajymygonf/ ]]aumif;ygNyD}}/ ]]odkY&mwGif uREfkyftwGuf oifqkawmif;ay;rSmvm;}} [lí qufajymvdkufygonf/ qkawmif;ay;oljzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif jzpfysufvmjcif;wpfpHkwpf&m r&Sday/ vGwfajrmufjcif;&xm;aom vlrsm;tm; ulnDzdkYomí ckdifcefYaom qkaus;Zl;&Sdol wpfpHkwpfOD;awGUzdkYvdktyfaumif; vdktyfvdrhfrnf[lí uREfkyfpOf;pm;Munhfygonf/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfonf olYxufomvGefaom wefcdk;&Sdol a&G;EIwfu,fwifjcif; trIawmfvyk if ef;aqmif&u G o f rl nfot l wGurf qkd pOf;pm;ay;Edik jf cif;r&Sad y/ uREykf \ f tjypfw&m;xJü b0ifjrihfa&m*gcHpm;ae &oljzpfonf/ aemufydkif;udk;vtMumwGif uREfkyfwdkY\ rdwfaqGrsm;teuf wpfOD;onf yl;wJGpdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfaom ae&mü av;&ufMumaexdkifzdkY uREfkyftm; cGifhjyKvdkufygonf/ uREfkyf\ udavomwyfrufjcif;ESifh xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif&aom wpfckwnf;aom &nf&G,fcsuftwGuf xl;jcm;aom obm0owådESifh wpfudk,fwnf;tm;opfavmif; jcif;cH&oljzpfonf/ aemufq;kH ü uREykf af jym vdu k o f nfrmS ]]bk&m;ocif? þt&monf xkdt&mjzpfonf/}} þt&monf uyfurÇmqHk;onhfwkdifatmif&Sdonf}} xdkaeY 1985 -ckESpf? arv (6) &ufwGif uREfkyfonf tHhMozG,fpHkvifaom vGwfajrmufjcif;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;oljzpf onf/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyfESihf vaygif;tawmfMumavQmufvSrf;NyD;aemuf ]]bk&m; ocif? uREkfyfonf xkdt&mukd &&Sdxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkt&mtwGuf uREfkyfqkawmif; aomtcg uREfkyfonftb,faMumifh vGwfajrmufjcif;udk r&&Sdygoenf;/ xdkjrihfjrwf

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254

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255 uREfkyfwdkY\ rdwfzufrsm;ESifh rdrdudk,fwdkifESifhwuG auseyfa&mifh&Japjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm; xm;cJhonf/ npfnrf;aom"gwfyHkrsm;onf umrqdkif&m tawGYBuHKjcif; udk pdwEf ;kdI xapEdik yf g onf/ od&Yk mwGif ¤if;onf aygif;oif; qufqjH cif;wpfct k m;jzifh t&if;cH jyóemrsm;udk wdkuf&dkufajymqdkvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ vQifjrefaom tqifoifhjzpfjcif;wpfckjzpfapzdkU tb,fodkYawmif;qdk vmjcif;onf wkefcgapNyD; aomtkwfjrpfwpfcktwGuf 'ku©ay;aom 0eftav;csdefudkom wdk;yGm;vmjcif; jzpfonf/¤if;onf trSefpifppfaoapaom jzL;(pf)eef;BudK;udk rD;ñSday;jcif;jzpf onfrSmxdkYodkYjzpfonf/ aemufqHk;üxdkt&monfvHkjcHKrIr&Sdjcif; ,HkMunf pdwfcsrI uif;rJjh cif;ESihf &Iyaf xG;ayGvjD cif;twGuf aygufujJG cif; wpfcw k nf axmifay;vdrrhf nf/ oif \ touf w mud k quf u yf t yf E S H x m; aomwpf O D ; wnf ; aomol t wG u f oifudk,fwdkifay;vSLjcif;tm;jzifh oifonf oD;oefY vufcHxm;onfudk wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfapzdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocif MuH&G,fxm;aom umr&m*ESifhqdkifaom udavom cHpm;jcif; jzpfonf/ þt&monftdrfaxmifjyKjcif; aygif;oif;qufqHa&; wpfckvHk; udk wdk;jr§ifhapjcif;ESifh vufxyftdyf&m aemufuG,f&SdvufyGef;wwD; aejcif;udk arG;jrLxm; jcif;jzpfonf/ EIikd ;f ,SOMf unfjh cif; tm;jzifh npfnrf;pmayESiBhf uKd uf ESpo f uf &mumr vdkufpm;jcif;onf udk,fwdkiftwGuf csKyfwnf;jcif;twGif;ü udavom cHpm;jcif;twGuf vdu k ef maqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf vufyeG ;f wwD; aejcif;udk awmif;qdkjcif;r[kwfay/ tusdK;tjypfudk az:jyjcif;wpfckom jzpfonf/ pdwf"gwfudk qGJaqmifjcif;twGuf &nfrSef;csuf wpfckjzpfonf/ npfnrf;pmay\ udavom cHpm;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ yHkaz:xm;aom vufyGef;wwD; aejcif;tm;jzifh arGUavsmMf unfE;l aeaom tawGUtBuKH twGuf cPwmESihf raysmufrvGiw hf wfaom t&dyfwpfckom jzpfonf/ vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfckonf npfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm;ukd olwdkY\ wvHk; wpf0wnf; jzpfaom tdrfaxmiftxJodkY,laqmifvmaomtcg olwdkU\ vufyGef; wwD;aejcif; ESihf tjcm;olrsm;yg0ifapjcif;tm;jzifo h w l \ Ykd tdraf xmifjyKjcif; udk npfnrf;apolrsm; jzpf o nf / þt&monf b,f a omtcgrQ bk & m;ocif \tBuH t pnf a wmf jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ umr&m*ESifh qdkifaomawGYBuHKjcif;onf y#dnmOfjyKjcif; twGuf owday;ol wpfOD;jzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ xdkt&monfcspfaom olEpS Of ;D udk pHzk ufapjcif;jzpfonf/ vifcef;r,m;cef; ESiq hf ikd af omy#dnmOf twnfjyK csuf o nf wwd , ygwD t k y f p k w pf c k t wG u f tcef ; r&S d a y/ vl a jrmuf r sm;pG m

256 tv,fwGif npfnrf;jcif;jzpfvmaomvlESpfOD;tMum; wpfu,foefY&Sif;aom t&mjzpf onf/ r*Fvmaqmiftyd &f mudk *kPt f oa&&Sad pzdYk uREykf w f t Ykd m; vdv k m;aom bk & m;ocif j zpf o nf / ¤if ; onf y #d n mOf j yKjcif ; ud k ud k , f p m; jyKjcif ; jzpf o nf / tb,faMumifhqdkaomfbk&m;ocifonf xm0&auseyf a&mifh&Jjcif;ESifh tHhMo zG,f tMunfpdkufapjcif;twGuf ae&mwpfckjzpfapzdkY xdkt&mudk vdkvm; awmif;w aomoljzpfonf/ pwkw¬aeU uREfkyfwdkU\ESvHk;om;rsm;udkapmifhxdef;jcif; rMumao;aom tcsdefumvujzpfonfhwdkifnpfnrf;"gwfyHkESifh qdkifaom ae&mrsm;onftBu;D us,q f ;kH tGev f ikd ;f oGm;vd&k m c&D;yef;wdik rf sm; jzpfonf/ (vlraI &; ESifhqdkifaom rD'D,mae&mrsm;tm;jzifh olwdkYonfom wlnDrQomvGef aumif;rGefjcif; jzpfonf/) 0dkuf(zf)qdkufq,fckteuf wpfckxufomvGefaumif;rGefjcif;onf obm0tm;jzifh npfnrf;aom pmayESifhqdkifaom "gwfyHkrsm;jzpfonf/ þae&mrsm; odkU enf;rSefvrf;rSef oGm;a&mufvnfywfaom tar&duefvlrsdK;rsm; ta&twGuf onf bDvD,H oef;aygif;av;q,ftxufü&Sdonf/ xdkYtjyif 'kwd, (28258) tifwmeuf toHk;jyKolrsm;onf npfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm;udkMunfh&Iaeolrsm; jzpfonf/ ,cifu rjzpfbl;aomt&mrsm;onf vGefpGmumr*kPfcHpm;ESifh vGefpGmpOf;vJazmuf jyefjcif;&Sdaom vdifydkif;qdkif&mvdktifqE´jzpfonf/ wkyxm;aom vdifydkif;qdkif&m pdwf"gwfx~uGjcif;twGuf MoZmvTrf; rdk;jcif; ESifhtwl ajrmufrsm;pGmaomarwåmjyKjcif;onf udavom wyfruf jcif;tm;jzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;ay;onf/ qdkufbmumr qufqHjcif;onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; rsm;udkysufpD;,dk,Gif;apjcif;ESifh vufyGef;wwD;aejcif;udk ysufpD;apjcif;jzpfonf/ ,cki,f&G,faom trsdK;om;rsm;onfyifvQif jyefvnfwnfaxmifEdkifaomt&mESifh &kef;uefaeMu&onf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomfolwdkY\umrqufqHjcif; ESifhqdkifaom armif;ESifjcif;onf tifwm eufnpfnrf;pmayESifh pGJvef;apjcif;tm;jzihf azmufjyef apjcif ; jzpf o nf / trsd K ;orD ; ppf p pf r sm;onf xd k o l w d k Y t m;umvtwef M um a&mif&h aJ useyfap jcif;r&Sad y/ olw\ Ykd rMumcPjzpfaomwu,fw h efz;kd ESiq hf ikd af om tawG Y t MuH K rsm;onf vuf a wG U trS e f w &m;ES i f h v G e f p G m uG J j ym;jcm;em;ygonf / udk,fum, wyfrufpGmaom qHkawGUjcif;jzpfonf/

257 þt&monf trsdK;om;oufouf jyóemwpfckr[kwfay/ xdkYtjyif yg0ifaomnpfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm;onf0dkuf(zf)qdkufaemufuG,fü wdk;yGm;jzpfay: onf/ trsdK;orD;ig;a,mufteuftenf;qHk;wpfa,muf ywfpOftajccH wpfcktay: npfnrf;"gwfykH tGev f ikd ;f MunfMh uonf/ trsKd ;om;rsm;? trsKd ;orD; rsm;ESprf sKd ;pvH;k onf txl;ojzifhaemufydkif;ü xifay:ausmfMum;aom wPSmcspfESifhqdkifaom pmtkyfrsm; odrYk [kwf r*¾Zif;rsm;ESihf wlaomt&m rsm;ESihf wuGow l \ Ykd vdu k pf m; usL;vGerf rI sm;udk tGefvdkif;tjyifbufüvnf; usufpm; Muonf/ npfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm;ESifh umrqdkif&mtjypfw&m;twGuf tjcm; yHkpHrsm; tm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocif\rlvyHkoGif;xm;ay;jcif;\ jyifyü rSm;,Gif;apaom ud a vomcH p m;jcif ; ud k u rf ; vS r f ; ay;jcif ; jzpf o nf / od k Y & mwG i f rw&m;aom umr*kPfqdkif&m trlt,monftu,fízefom;jyif wpfcka&SUarSmuf odkYr[kwf wpfckwnf;aomESvHk;om;xJüyifvQif tmomtvdk ajyjcif;twGuf azgufjyefjcif; xufav;eufaom tusdK;qufrsm;ajrmufrsm; pGm&Sdonf/]]igynwfonfum; udavompdwEf iS o hf rYl ,m;udMk unf&h aI omol onf pdwEf v S ;kH xJü xdrk ed ;f rESijhf ypfrmS ;jy}D } [líocifa,&Iajymonf/ (roJ?5;28) npfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm;udk &IMunfh&mü0rf;wGif;ygopömr&Sdjcif;twGuf þyHkpH onf td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; twG u f jcd r f ; ajcmuf r I w pf c k j zpf o nf / taMumif ; rS m zdkrobm0twGufbk&m;ocif\MuH&G,fcsufudk rnfonfh azgufjyefjcif;twGufrqdk uREfkyfwdkY\ESvHkom;tajctaeudk &kwfcsnf; wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]ESvHk;onf touf\tajctjrpfjzpfaomaMumihf oif\ESvHk;udktxl;ojzifh apmifha&Smufavmh}} [líokwåHq&muajymygonf/ (4;23)umrESifhqdkifaom tjypfonf uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;udk npfnrf; apjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&um; uREfkyfwdkY\ESvHk;om;ESifh uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd zsufpD;ypfEdkifonf/ þor®mw&m;twGuf 0rf;enf; pGmjzifh twnfjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udktpD&ifcHxm;onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;rsm;teuf wpfckwnf;aomygwDü npfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm; 0dkuf(zf)qdk'f üwpfckwnf;udkom pdwf0ifpm;rIwpfck&Sdonf/ tm;vH k ; aomtjypf w &m;onf tqH k ; pG e f t ouf & S i f j cif ; wpf c k u d k wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomfuREkfyfwdkYonfc&pf,mefrsm; jzpfjcif; taMumif;aMumifh &efolonfuREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfrsm;tay: tcay; ppfyGJjzpfae& onf/ tjypfw&m;\tusdK;qufrsm;ü&Sdaom tnpftaMu;udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;

258 vdkoljzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomfolonf¤if;\ pHkvifjcif;tm;jzifh toufESihf MuHKawGYzdkYuREfkyfwdkUtm;vdkvm;olr[kwfay/(a,m?10;10udkzwfygav) c&pfawmfonf tjypfw&m;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;udkuREfkyfwdkYtm; wnfaxmif ay;onf/ odkY&mwGifuREfkyfwdkYonftoufwmrsm;udkcsKyfxdef;zdkY tjypfw&m;udk 0if c G i f h j yKvd k u f a omtcgþvG w f a jrmuf j cif ; tawG Y t MuH K xJ o d k Y usqif ; oG m ; &olrsm;jzpfonf/ þtaMumif;jycsufaMumifh &Sifaygvk a&;om;xm;onfrSmxd k Y a Mumif h oif w d k Y \ aowuf a omud k , f c E¨ m \wyf r uf j cif ; tvd k o d k Y vdkuf&onfhwdkifatmif tjypfw&m;onfxdkudk,fcE¨mü tpdk;r&apESifh/ oifwdkY\ udk,ft*gFrsm;udk'kp½dkufvufeufjzpfapí tjypfw&m;tm; rqufMuygESi/hf aojcif;rSxajrmufí touf&iS f aomoluo hJ Ykd bk&m;ocif tm; udk,fudkudk,fqufMuavmh/ (a&m?6;12-13xnfh oGif;xm;aom tm&HkjyK csufjzpfonf/)

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259 xdktcsdef umvrsm;ü c&D;pOfonfoefY&Sif;zdkYjzpfonf/ wpfvHk; wpf0wnf;&SdzdkY jzpfonf/ rmefrme axmifvmT ;jcif;ESihf jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif; twGucf ikd jf raJ om axmufr jcif;udk awmif;qdkzdkYjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGiftu,fí uREkfyfwdkUonf ol\ oef Y & S i f ; pif M u,f a pjcif ; ud k uREf k y f w d k Y t xJ ü jyKvk y f z d k Y 0 d n mOf a wmf u d k 0if c G i f h j yK olrsm;jzpfonfqdkygu uREfkyfwdkYonf&kef;uefjcif;twGuf vGefuJaom emusifjcif; ESifha0;uGmapaom 0dnmOfa&;&maysmfarGYjcif;txJokYd 0ifa&muf oGm;&vdrfhrnf/

pifMu,fjcif;twGuf½lyg½Hkwpfck taMumif ; rl u m; igonf o if w d k Y u d k o D v ES i f h j ynf h p H k a om owd k Y o rD ; un§muJo h Ykd c&pfawmftm;quftahH omiSgoifwu Ykd v kd ifwpfO;D ESihf xdr;f jrm; aqmifESif;jyD;aomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\tvdktwdkif; pdk;&drfaompdwfESifh oifwdkYudkapmifha&Smufvsufae\/ a`rGonf rdrdy&d,m,ftm;jzifh{0udk vSnphf m;ouJo h Ykd oifwo Ykd nfpw d f aqG;ajrU,d, k iG ;f íc&pfawmfut kd <uif;rJh cspfaompdwfaysmuf rnf[k pdk;&drfjcif;&Sd\/ (2 aum? 11;2-3) uREfkyfwdkU\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rsm;ü &SdaompifMu,fjcif;onfuREkfyfwdkY xuf y if o mírsm;p&mtaMumif ; &S d o nf / ¤if ; onf p if M u,f a omowd k Y o rD ; wpfOD;twGuf c&pfawmf\&lyg&HktaMumif;jzpfonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh wyfrufjcif;onftoif;awmfüpnf;urf;rJh ajy;vTm; ygonf/ rMumao;rDuokawoejyKcsuft&jyoxm;onfrSm xdkodkY jzpfonf/ c&pf,meftrsdK;orD;ESpfq,f&mcdkifEIef;ESifhc&pf,mef trsdK;om; ig;q,f&mcdkifEIef; onf npfnrf;"gwfyHkrsm;ESifhvdkufpm;jcif; cHae&ol rsm;jzpfonf/ þjyóemudk ES d r f e if ; zd k Y a jrmuf j rm;pG m aom trsd K ;orD ; rsm;ES i f h trsd K ;om;rsm;onf o l w d k Y \ umr&m*ESifhqdkifaom0goemudk taMumif;jy&ef wm0ef&Sdjcif; enf;pepfuJhodkY vSnfhxm;Muonf/ xdkYtjyif trlt,monf olwdkY\umrqdkif &m0goemukd uefYvefYumuJhodkYuG,fumxm;zdkY ajymif;vJjyK jyifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þt&monf ajymif;vJjcif;&SdzdkY awmif;wjcif;twGuf wefzdk;&Sdaom trSwfvu©Pm wpfckjzpf onf/ {uefrck sjzpfaom þenf; pepfrsm;onf olaY e&mESio hf &l MdS uygonf/ od&Yk mwGif wpfckwnf;aompnf;urf;ESifh taMumif;jy&efwm0ef&Sdjcif; enf;pepfwdkYonf Zmwd yuwd tjypfw&m;udk ausmfvTm;atmifjrifzdkY cdkifcefYaom vHkavmufjcif;r&SdMuay/

260 tu,fí wpfpHkwpfa,mufonfumr&m* ESifhqdkifaomtpOf wnf&Sdjcif; tm;jzifh csd w f q uf r d z d k Y v d k c sif o l j zpf o nf q d k y gu xd k o l w d k Y t m; aemuf j yef vuf q k w f vuf u d k i f x m;zd k Y o G m ;vsuf & S d a omobm0 tqD ; twm;twG u f yH k p H r &S d a y/ tu,fíolwdkY\tay:,HtjyKtrlonf acwårQxdef; csKyfjcif; jzpfonf[k qdkygu olwdkY\udk,fwGif;ydkif;toufwmonf w&m; pD&ifjcif;ESifh wyfruf jcif;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;jcif;cH&ayvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;onf jyefvnfopfvGifvmMuaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY\ trlt,mESifhqdkifaom erlemyHkpHrsm;onf{uefrkcsajymif;vJvdrfh rnf/ &Sifaygvku xdk;vQdK;awmif;yefxm;onfrSm]] oifwdkYonfavmuD yHko@mefudkraqmifMuESifh/ aumif;jrwfaomt&m?ESpfoufzG,faomt&m? pHkvifaomt&mwnf;[laom bk&m;ociftvdk&Sdaomt&monftb,f t&mjzpfonfudkoifEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; pdwEf v S ;kH udt k opfjyifqifí yHk o@mefajymif;vJjcif;odaYk &mufMuavmh}} [kqykd gonf/ bk & m;ocif \ om;orD ; rsm; jzpf o nf h t wd k i f ; tjypf w &m;\ wef c d k ; awmf r S vGwfajrmufoGm; Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ (a&m? 6;19-23udkzwfygav) rnfodkYyif qdkapumrl þvGwfajrmufjcif;ESifh aysmfydkufzdkY uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;udk jyefvnfopfviG f apjcif;tm;jzifh uREykf w f \ Ykd trlt,mrsm;udo k ef&Y iS ;f jcif;odaYk &mufzYkd bk&m; ocifudk OD;pGmyxr0ifcGifhjyK&ayrnf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmufoaYkd &muf&o dS mG ;jcif;ESihf bk&m; ocifEiS hf tcsd e f u d k a y;MuaomtcguREf k y f w d k Y \ pd w f E S v H k ; rsm;onf jyef v nf o pf v G i f j cif ; cHMu&ygonf/ wpfjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sdawmhay/ bk&m;ocif \EIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\ESvHk;om;txJü tjrpfpGJapjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif udk,fawmf\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhwnfaxmifay;jcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfw&m;rS vGwfvyfjcif;udk a0iSay;jcif;jzpfonf/ (,mukyf?1;21ESifhqm? 119;11udkzwfygav) ajrmufrsm; pGmaomc&pf,mefrsm;onfolwdkY\ umr&m*ESifhqdkifaom t&SufwuGJtusdK;enf; &jcif ; aMumif h j rnf w rf ; Mu&ygonf / od k Y & mwG i f txl ; vG w f j id r f ; csrf ; omcG i f h txJodkYxdkt&SufuGJjcif;udk,laqmifvm zdkYysufuGufMuonf/ ajrmuf r sm;pG m aom bmoma&;qd k i f & mtzG J Y t pnf ; rsm;onf tusif h pm&d w å u d k r S e f a tmif jyif a y;zd k Y p uf , Eå & m;zG J Y p nf ; wyf q if x m;aomenf ; rsm; ud k x d e f ; csKyf j cif ; ES i f h a Mumuf & G H U jcif ; enf ; AsL[mrsm;ud k t oH k ; cszd k Y B ud K ;pm; tm; xkwfaeMu&onf/ þBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;onf tvkyfvkyfay;jcif;r&Sday/

261 xd k Y t jyif t jypf w &m;rsm;ES i f h o l a wmf a umif ; [ef a qmif j cif ; twG u f <u,f 0 uHkvHkjcif;wpfckodkY vrf;jyydkYaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ t&Sufw&m;onf tjypfw&m; txJodkY tjypfw&m;udk armif;ESifay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf aumif;pm;jcif; &Sd&mt&yfjzpfonf/ bmomw&m;ESifhqdkifaom ynwfw&m;rsm;ESifh vlvkyfpnf;urf;rsm; onf tjypf w &m;rS uREf k y f w d k Y t m; uif ; vT w f j cif ; r&S d a y/ tjzpf t ysuf x J ü ynwfrsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;onf tusifh,kwfjcif;twGuf arG;zGm; apaom ajrwpfuGufudk zefwD;ay;onf/ (a&mrtcef;BuD;ckESpfESifh 2aum? 3;6udkzwfygav) bk&m;ocifonfpnf;rsOf;ESifhpyfvsOf;íMuifem aom arwåm jzpfapzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; vdkvm;aombk&m;r[kwfay/ olESifhpyf vsOf; í Muifemwwfaom arwåmjzpfapzdkY uREfkyfwdkYtm;vkdvm;aom bk&m;ocif jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf crnf;awmfbk&m;\ arwå m awmf E S i f h awG Y M uH K jcif ; tm;jzif h pH k v if j cif ; od k Y a &muf o G m ;Muonf / olESifhrdwfo[m,zGJU jcif;tm;jzifh wpfvHk;w0wnf; jzpfapaombk&m;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmu ajymonfrSmud k , f a wmf o nf igwd k Y \ tjypf r sm;ud k aqmif o G m ;jcif ; iS m xif & S m ; ay:xGef;awmfrlonfudkoifwdkYodMu\/ udk,fawmfüvnf;tjypf r&Sd/ udk,fawmfüwnfaeaomolrnfonfum;udk,fawmfudk rodrjrif&ao;/ (1a,m? 3;5-6xnfhoGif;xm;aomtm&HkjyKcsuf jzpfonf/ em;vnf o abmayguf x m;onf h t wd k i f ; þae&mübmomjyef q d k xm;aom*&da0g[m&pum;]]*sifaemh(pf)udk}} yk*d¾Kvfa&;qdkif&mwdkuf&dkuftawGY tMuHKtm;jzifh yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;odxm;zdkYjzpfonf[lít"dygÜ,foufa&mufyg onf/ pOf q uf r jywf a omrd w f o [m,zG J U jcif ; wpf c k j zpf o nf [ l í t"d y Ü g ,f oufa&mufygonf/ tjypfw&m;ESifhjynfh0aom ZmwdyuwdrSvGwfajrmuf jcif;onf bk & m;ocif E S i f h vl y k * d ¾ K vf a &;&m rd w f o [mzG J Y j cif ; tm;jzif h awG Y j rif &onf / ol\wpfywf&pftodtjriftm;jzifhr[kwfay/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ rIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;tm;jzifh wrefawmf &S i f a ,m[ef o nf xd k o d k Y x k w f j yef a Munmxm;onf / tusif h y gaomtjypf w&m;jyKvk y f j cif ; tm;jzif h uwd u 0wf r sm;jyKol c&pf , mef w pf a ,muf o nf

262 vufyGef;wwD;aejcif;wpfckESifhawGYMuHKjcif;r[kwfay/ yk*¾dKvfa&;t&c&pf awmfESifh rdwfo[mzGJYjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhtajzrSmtjypfjyKvkyfjcif;ESifh &kef;uefjcif;&SdzdkY jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;tm;jzifh vufyGef;wwD;aejcif;udk csdef;ajcmufaom xdkt&monf ocifbk&m;ESifhvufyGef;wwD;aejcif;tm;jzifh wdk;wufBuD;yGm;vmzdkY jzpfonf/ tu,fí tjypfw&m;onf oif\toufwmudk xdef;csKyfaeonf qdkygu bk & m;ocif & S d & mt&yf o d k Y a jy;oG m ;jcif ; jzpf o nf / aus;Zl a wmf E S i f h c &pf a wmf \ arwåmtawGYtMuHKudktajcjyKaom todÓPftm;jzifhomoifonf tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufoGm;&ayvdrhfrnf/ oifonfESdrfhcsjcif;tm; jzifh bk&m;ocif&Sd&modkY jyefvSnfhvmaomtcg olonfc&pfawmfüwnfaom oif\vGwfajrmufjcif; ÓPf y nmud k wm;qD ; yd w f q d k Y a paom rsuf E S m zH k ; rsm;ud k z,f & S m ;ay;jcif ; ES i f h oif\pdwfESvHk;udkjyefvnfopfvGifay;jcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkYajymif;vJaomtcg xdkzHk;tkyf jcif;taMumif;udky,f&Sif;ay;vdrfhrnf/ ocif[kqdkaomf0dnmOfawmf w&m;uk d qd k v d k o wnf ; / ocif b k & m;\0d n mOf a wmf w &m;onf vTwfjcif;csrf;omudk ay;wwf\/ igwdkY&SdrQonfrsufESmzHk;ukdzGifhvsuf rSefudkMunfhouJhodkY ocifbk&m;\bkef;toa&awmf udkMunfhjriffí 0dnmOfawmfw&m;\t&Sifonf a&mifjcnfawmfukd vTwfawmfrlonfh twd k i f ; igwd k Y o nf b k e f ; toa&wd k ; yG m ;í yH k o @mef a wmf E S i h f t nD ajymif;vJjcif;&Sd&Mu\/ (2aum?3;16-18) bk&m;ocifonf umr&m*ESifhqdkifaom tjypfw&m;ESifhtwl½kef; uefzdkY oifhudkvdkvm;aombk&m;r[kwfay/ odkYr[kwf xdktaMumif;csif;&m udpörsm;twGuf rnfonfhtjypfudkjyKvkyfjcif;rqdkvdkvm;aombk&m;r[kwfay/ olonfoefY&Sif;jcif; ES i f h wpf v H k ; wpf 0 wnf ; jzpf j cif ; tm;jzif h avQmuf v S r f ; zd k Y o if h u d k t vd k & S d a om bk&m;jzpfonf/ oif\arwåmonfbk&m;ociftwGuf BuD;yGm;jcif;wnf;[laom xdkarwåmwpfckonf oifhtwGufudk,fawmf\ arwåmukd &SmazGawGY&SdzdkY wkefjyefYjcif; wpf c k j zpf v maomtcgoif \ touf w monf ol Y t m;*k P f o a&&S d a pjcif ; ud k awmif;wjcif;ESifh jyefvnfopfvGifaom &IaxmifhtjrifESifh pHkviffapygvdrfhrnf/ uk d , f a wmf \ tvd k a wmf E S i f h u d k , f a wmf \ enf ; vrf ; twd k i f ; 0ef c H j cif ; tm;jzif h

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cyfodrf;aomtrIt&monf rdrdwdkYtcsdef&Sd\/ rdkCf;aumifuif atmufü MuHpnforQtoD;oD;wdkYudkjyK&aomtcsdef&dS\/ (a'oemusrf;3;1) toufwm\tvGefajrmufrsm;pGmaom {&d,me,fy,frsm;ü pHudkufaom tcdseu f mvonfta&;Bu;D onfomr[kwf ¤if;onf t&m&m wdik ;f ta&;Bu;D ygonf/ tu,fítoufwmü t&m&mwdkif;onf &moDOwk ESifhqdkifjcif;jzpfonfhtjyif tcsdefumvonf&nf&G,fcsufwdkif;ESifhcsnfaESmif xm;onfqdkygu xdkumvü uREfkyfwdkY\umr&m*ESifhqdkifaom xif&Sm;pGm jrif&jcif;onf rSm;,Gif;jcif;taMumif; aMumifhrSwpfyg;r[kwfay/ ESpfwdkif;ESifh wpfESpfpDonf &moDOwkav;rsdK;twGuf pkaygif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkU onf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wpfckqDudk ,HkMunfxm; onfrSm xdkenf;wlyifjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh þtawG;tac:tvif;w&m;tm;jzifh umrqufqHjcif; taMumif;udk ppfaq;MunfhMuygpdkY/

264

yxrq,fpkESpfjzpfaomaqmif;aESmif;aEGOD;ayguf&moD &nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf o&kyfazmf&Sif;vif;apa&;twGuf uREfkyfwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;q,fpkESpftwGuf umrqufqHjcif;\ &moDOwk wpfck pDESifh qifwl&vdrfhrnf/ þOyrmyHkaqmifcsuftzdkYtvdkYiSm ysrf;rQtoufESpfq,fh &SpfESpf t&G,f&Sd vufxyfr*FvmjyKaom vifr,m;pHkwGJwpfck taMumif;udk a&G;cs,fxm;Mu ygpdkY/ xdkumvwGif aqmifaESmif;aEGOD;ayguf &moDjzpfonfh twdkif; uREfkyfwdkYonf opfvGifaomtptOD;jzpfonfudkod xm;jcif;ESifh tjypfuif;pifjcif; twGuf &moDOwkuhJodkY touf (28-38) ESpft&G,f tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf yxr q,fpkESpftaMumif;udk xif&Sm; odomatmif azmfjyMuygpdkY/ ]]arQmfvifhjcif;onf xm0&touf}} ukd jzpfyGm;apaomtcg tvufZE´m;ykyf&[ef;rif;BuD; udk;um;zdkY þt&monf arQmfvifhxm;aom xm0&toufjzpfonf/ aqmif;aESmif;aEGOD; ayguf&moDü oif\toufwm onf jzpfEikd af cs&adS omt&mrsm;ESit hf wl oaE¨wnf aponf/ oifonfumr&m*ESiq hf ikd af om &Iaxmift h jrifopfwpfcEk iS t hf wl toufwm txJodkY 0ifa&mufoGm;aomtcg þyxrq,fpkESpfonf tptOD; &SmawGUjcif;ESifh arQmfvifhxm;jcif;twGuf &moDOwkwpfckjzpfonf/ Muifemaom arwåmapmifhqdkif; jcif ; twG u f tb,f o d k Y N id r f q d r f j cif ; jzpf o nf rS m oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ud k aESmif;aEGOD;ayguf&moDtm;jzifh ,ckEdk;xjyD; jzpfonf/ oifonftoufwmü twlwuGjyKvkyfzdkY ¤if;onftb,ft&m ESihfwlaomtjypf jzpfjcif; oifonftoD; toD;jzpfaomolwpfa,muf jzpf jcif;ESifh ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udk &SmazGawGY&Sdapoljzpfonf/ twlwuGjzpfaom oif\ umr&m*ESifh qdkifaom toufwmtwGuf toGifyHkyef; wdkif;onf topfESifhopfvGifjcif;jzpfonf/ tu,fíoifonf þt&mESio hf míqifwal om rdom;pkwpfcu k kd jri§ w hf ifzYkd tBuHtpnfa&;qGJaeoljzpfonfqdkygu oaE¨wnfjcif;twGuf pdefac:csufrsm;ESifh oifonfarGUavsmfjcif;udktb,fodkYawGMuHK&aom &moD Owkjzpfayvdrfhrnf/ oif\umrqufqHjcif;toufwmonf oif\toufwmü om;orD;rsm;ESifhtwl uGJjym;jcm;em;aom tjrif&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ oifonf cspfolrsm;jzpf&Hkom umvtwef Mumjcif;r&Sday/ oifonfxdkenf;wl rdcifESifhzcifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ oif\tdyf,m ay:ütdyfaejcif;onfyifvQif odkYr[kwf oif\tem;,laejcif;udk Mum;0ifapaom om;orD;rsm;&SdEdkifygonf/

265 þt&monf pdwfvIyf&Sm;apaom pdefac:jcif;rsm;twGuf &moDOwk wpfckjzpfapEdkifonf/ uRefr (vDZm) onf arwåmxm;jcif;cH&aom Eke,fi,f &G,faom rdcifwpfOD;jzpfygonf/ uRefr\om;orD;rsm;tm; jyKpkap&mü arwåmxm; cH & ol j zpf o nf / xd k Y t jyif uRef r onf om;av;a,muf t euf wpf O D ; pD u d k wpf E S p f r S E S p f E S p f M umonf t xd Ed k Y c sd K wd k u f a uR;&onf / þvd k & if ; csuf t xd tb,fodkYo,fydk;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtm; jyKpkysdK;axmif&mü uRefrtxHk0goem ygjcif;tm;jzifh ¤if;onf *Reu f v kd spv f sL&IzYkd trsm;Bu;D vG,f ulonfudk &SmazGawG&Y &dS ol jzpfonf/ Eke,fíi,f&G,faom rdcifrsm;onf olwdkY\rdwfzufrsm;ESifh olwdkY\om; orD;rsm;tMum;a&G;cs,x f m;zdb Yk ,faom tcgrQ twif;t"r®jyK&vdrrhf nfr[kwaf y/ odkY&mwGif owdjyKap&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ oif\vufarmif;ESifh vufqkyf vufudkifxm;aom EdkYpdkY uav;oli,fonf oif\cifyGef;twGuf ae&mrJhjzpfapjcif; r[kwfay/ uRefr\cifyGef;twGuf ae&mtvHktavmuf jyKvkyfay;Edkifjcif;r&Sdaom uRefr\txl;ESpfoufapaom EdkYpdkYoli,fudkayGUydkufxm;jcif;ESifh jyKpkauR;arG;jcif; tMum; uRerf onftvGepf v kH ifpmG cHpm;cJ&h onf/ uRerf onf arhaysmufxm;&onfrmS xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ odkYyifjim;vnf;olonf uRefrwdkU\ om;rsm;udkcspfcJholjzpfonf/ uRerf jzpfaeonftwdik ;f olwEYkd iS t hf wl tvm;wl vufyeG ;f wwD;csw d q f ufxm;jcif;udk &,lapolr[kwyf g/ uRerf udk vdt k yfjcif;&So d jl zpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif uRerf wd\ Yk arwåmrS aygufzGm;vmaom om;orD;rsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;onf ol\&Sdaeonftwdkif; xufomí tvGefajrmufrsm;pGmukdtxift&Sm;awGYjrif&onf/ EdIif;,SOfjcif;tm;jzifh wpfcsdKYaom cifyGef;rsm;onf olwdkYom;orD;rsm;tm; vdkonfht&mudk ay;urf;olrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif olwdkYtm; &uf&ufa&ma&m av;jrwfaMumif; ajymqdkaepOf twGif; olwdkYonf olwdkY\ r,m;rsm;yg0ifzkdYarhavsmh aeolrsm;jzpfonf/ oif\om;orD;rsm;twGuf jyKpyk sK;d axmifapyg/ tvm;wltcsed üf tjcm;ol wpfO;D pDEiS hf oif\vufyeG ;f wwD;aejcif;udk jyKpyk sK;d axmifyg/ tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,muf udk wpfa,muftwGuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHyg/ odkY&mwGif tdyf&mxJ&Sd om;orD;rsm;onf twlwuGaeaomtcsdef&SdzdkY a&S;usaom vHkavmufjcif;jzpfonf/ av;aom0efudk a0rQyg/ xdkYaMumifh oifonftdyf&m ay: tdyfaysmfaejcif;xufomí a0rQEdkifoljzpf onf/ vdktyfjcif;ESifh oufqdkifjcif;taMumif;udk oif\r,m;ESifhtwl yGifhvif;pGm ajymqdkyg/ wpfcg wpf&Hpum;tm;jzifh ajymMuqdkMuonfrSm ]]uRefronf uRefrwdkY\

266 vufyGef; wwD;aejcif;tcsdefudk twlwuGvGJacsmfolrsm;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf ¤if;udkjzpfysufvmatmif tb,fodkYjyKvkyfEdkifygonf;}} [lí ajymqdkwufonf/ rnfonfhwjznf;jznf;,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;udkrqdk wyfqifxm;aomt&m rsm;udk jzKwfypfjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í&Snfvsm; aomvrf;c&D;wpfckESifh oGm;&ayvdrfhrnf/ tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,mufuw kd pfa,muf\ vdt k yfaom vufyeG ;f wwD; aejcif; udk &SmazGawGU&SdzdkY oif\yxrq,fESpftm;jzifh &nf&G,fcsufxm;&SdMuygap/ aemufydkif;ütm&Hkodjzifh od&SdzdkYtwGuf oifonfBuD;yGm;vmapEdkifaomt&mrsm; wpfckckukdzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufvma&;twGuf rnfonfhvdifydkif;qdkif&m erlemyHkpHrsm;rqdk cGifhrjyKygESifh/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf pum;ajymMuyg/ þyxrq,f pkESpftm;jzifh odkYr[kwf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif; &moD Owktm;jzifh odkYr[kwf tdrfaxmif jyKjcif;&moDOwktm;jzifh ¤if;onfaEG ESifh aqmif;tMum;&Sd aqmif;OD;&moDESifh aEG&moDtcg or,tm;jzifh ¤if;\ &moD ESifharGYavsmfjcif;&SdzdkYtpDtpOftwdkif; oif o nf aqmif ; aES m if ; aEG O D ; ayguf &moD ü pd k u f y sd K ;aomO,smOf w pf c k u J h o d k Y oif\vufyGef;wwD;aejcif; udk pOf;pm;MunfhzdkY ta&;BuD;ygonf/

'kwd,q,fpkESpfjzpfaomaEG&moD aEG&moDtcg or,onftb,fodkYjzpfEdkifapjcif;twGuf tpOftjrJ taumif;qHk;&moDOwkjzpfonf/ -csm;vfpf?abmf'if tu,fí aqmif;aESmif;aEGOD;ayguf&moDonf arQmfvifhjcif;udk&kyfvHk;azmfonfqdkyg u aEG&moDonfrIwfoGif;xm;jcif;ESifhtouf&Sifvsuf&Sdaom &lyg&Hkjzpfonf/ toufwmonf þ&moDOwkü vGepf mG pHv k ifjcif;&Sd onf/ ukew f ifvrf;rBu;D rsm;onf aumif;rGefpGm a&G;cs,fcH&aomESif;cJrsm; tm;jzifh vSywifhw,fjcif;&Sdonf/ xdkYtjyif tu,fí oifonfrdbrsm;jzpf &vdrfh rnfqdkygu oifodxm;aumif; odxm;& ayvdrfhrnf/ qdkufa&mufvmaom rnfonfhom;orD; rqdkjzpfapEdkifaomolrsm; twGuf taumif;qHk; &moDOwkxJodkY &SifoefBuD;yGm; apEdkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ ½S i f o ef B uD ; yG m ;vsuf a eaom om;orD ; rsm;jzpf M uonf h t wd k i f ; rd b rsm;onf olwdkYtb,folrsm;jzpfonf udkvnf; 0efcHapolrsm;jzpfonf/

267 oifonf aEG&moDtwGufwpfckwnf;aom acwåaEGtcsdeftcg or,ESifh vGJacsmfzdkYr[kwfbl;Asm/ oifonfausmfMum;onfhtoufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief;rsm; tydkoif½dk;ñTef;wrf;vIyf½Sm;jcif;rsm;? pmoifausmif;twGuf tvkyfrsm;aom aea&mifjcnftv,fwGif jzpfysufvmrnfh vufyGef; wwD;aejcif;twGuf jyKvkyfzdkY tcsdef½Sdvdrfhrnf/ tu,fíoif\aqmif; aESmif;aEGOD;ayguf&moD q,fpkESpfonf aumif;rGefpGm pdkufysdK;xm;onfqdkygu aemufqHk;üxufomíyif þq,fpkESpf&moD OwkESifh aysmfarGUvdrfhrnf/ tu,ffí oif\O,smOfjcHonf oif\yxrq,fpkESpfü aumif;rGefpGm Munfh½IjyKpkjcif;r½Sdygu? ¤if;onf pdkufysdK;zdkYvGefpGm aemufusaejcif; r[kwfay/ t&m&mwdkif;onf aygif;yifrsm; tygt0if vsifjrefpGm½Sifoefayguf yGm;vmaomtcg aEG&moDonf &moDOwkwpfckjzpfonf/ tyifrsm; aygufa&muf zHk;vTrf;jcif;twGuf oifhukefMurf;udk oefY½Sif;pGmxdef;odrf;xm; jcif;twGuftvkyf udkvkyfyg/ xdkt&monf tuRrf;0ifjcif;tjyifbufodkY a&muf½SdvmEdkifonf/ oif \ vuf y G e f ; wwD ; aejcif ; tm;jzif h tb,f o d k Y usef ; rmoef p G r f ; jcif ; uk d pOfqufrjywf a&avmif;ay;yg/ xdkYtjyif¤if;onf omívQifjrefpGm tyifayguf a&mufvmvdrfhrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf oif\ajrMoZmudk a&mpyfxm;apaom ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;twGuf oifonfq,fpkESpf wpfcktqifoifh&Sdxm;jyD;om; jzpfonf/ aEG&moDOwkonf rGef;wnfhtcsdefüusa&mufaom rdk;BudK;rkefwdkif;? taysmf c&D;xGufjcif;? &,farmzG,faumif;jcif;ESifh ½Snfvsm;aomaeY&ufrsm;½Sd onf[lí t"dygÜ ,foufa&mufygonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd aEG&moDq,fpEk pS rf sm;ü ½SmazGawGU½S&d olrsm; jzpfonfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ umrqufqHjcif;onf rGef;wnfh tcsdefü taumif;qHk; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwdkUonf nbufwGif tpOftjrJ vGefpGmcsnfaESmif xm;jcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ a,musmf;av;rsm;onf ausmif;wGif½SdpOfodkYr[kwf tjyifbufodkYxGufoGm; Muaomtcg xdkaeYcif;tcsdeftawmtwGif; ¤if;onf naeydik ;f ü tcGit h f a&;ay;jcif;ukd pGev Yf w T jfcif;xufomí aumif;aomtcsed jfzpfonf/

wwd,q,fpEk pS jf zpfaomaEGEiS ahf qmif;tMum;½Sad qmif;OD;&moD aemufwpfckjzpfaomq,fpkESpfudk uREfkyfwdkYuaqmif;OD;&moD[lí ac:wGifxm;Mu onf/ tvGef½SnfMumaom þ&moDOwkonf uREfkyfwdkY tm;vHk;twGuf rsufESmom

268 ay;jcif;cH&aom &moDOwkjk zpfonf/ zswzf swf vwfvwf aeomaom aeY&ufrsm;ESihf at;jraomnrsm;twGuaf ygif;pnf; xm;jcif;udk uREykf w f Ukd cspMf uonf/ uREykf w f o Ykd nf pdwfazsmufvufazsmufjyK vkyfapaom udk,fcE¨mrsm;ESifhtwlomí&SnfMumaom pdwfazsmufvufazsmuf½Sdol rsm;jzpfonf/ opf½Gufwdkif;onf yef;wpfyGifhjzpfaomtcg aqmifOD;&moDonf 'kwd,aEGOD;ayguf&moDOwkwpfckjzpfonf/ -tJvfbwfuJrl;(pf) uREfkyfwdkYonf þt&mudkcspfMuonfAsm/ oif\aEGOD;ayguf&moD Owkudk qif,ifusif;yjcif; oif\vli,fb0udkjyeffízrf;qD;xm;zdkY BudK;pm;ae jcif;xufru omvGefonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf þ&moDOwkü xdkodkYawGYjrif&ygonf/ xyfrHí wpfBudrfvufyGef;wwD;aejcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY \toufwmrsm;ü omírsm;aom tcef;rsm;½Sdygonf/ ESpfig;q,ftouf t½G,frsm;ü uREkfyfwdkY\aeY&ufrsm;onf pnf;0g;udkufnDaomuGJjym;jcm;em; rIwpfckudk qufvuf,laqmifoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf 0goemjyKap vdkaom tjzpftysufrsm; odkYr[kwf pmoifausmif; wufapjcif; odkYr[kwf om;orD;rsm;ESifhtwl tdrftvkyfudkomí½SnfMumpGm vkyfaeMuolrsm;r&Sdyg/ uREfkyfwdkYonf þaqmif;OD;&moDESifhqdkifaom q,fpkESpfüjyKvkyfvdkaom t&mrsm;udk ,ckyifa&;om;aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh aqmif;&moDonf tHhtm;oifhjcif;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYtm; ,laqmifoGm;jcif;r[kwfay/ þt&mrsm; teufwpfcw k nf;f aom t&monf tavhtusi?hf yHrk eS v f wfqwfaom ?use;f rmaom tm[m&wpfckESifhtwl uREfkyfwdkY\udk,fcE¨mrsm;twGuf o,faqmifjcif;tm;jzifh uREykf w f \ Ykd umr&m*ESiq hf ikd af om use;f rma&;udk tav;c½kjyKapmifah ½SmufzjYkd zpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf wrifoufouf twlwuG avQmufvSrf;zdkY ,laqmifxm;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ uREykf f wdo Yk nf yxr&ufpjJG yKvyk af omtcg þt&monf tvkyv f yk jf cif;udk uREfkyf wdkYtb,fodkYcspfjrwfEdk;jcif;jzpfonf/ tvGefajrmufrsm;pGmaom vifr,m;pHkwGJrsm;onftoufwm twGuf aqmif;&moDü csdwfqufEdkifjcif;r½Sday/ olwdkY\ om;orD;rsm;tjyifodkY ajymif;a½GU aomtcg r,m;rsm;wGifolpdrf;wpfOD;ESifh aexdkif&olrsm;jzpfonf[lí ½SmazGawGU½Sd

269 xm;Muonf/ þq,fpkESpfü uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;onf a½G;cs,fjcif;wpfck½SdMuonf/ uREf k y f w d k Y o nf tb,f o d k Y j zpf v mvd r f h r nf E S i f h pyf v sOf ; í pd w f v I y f ½ S m ;apzd k Y a½G;cs,fapjcif; odkYr[kwf tb,fodkYaysmufuG,foGm;jcif;ESifh idka<u;jrnfwrf; &Edkifonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfoif\tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd topfwpfzefjyefíjyKvkyfzdkY tcG i f h t a&;wpf c k j zpf o nf t wd k i f ; þ&moD O wk u d k Munf h z d k Y o if h u d k w d k u f w G e f ; cGeftm;ay;ygonf/ oifonfxyfrHí wpfBudrfjzpfwef&maom opfvGifaom vuf x yf x d r f ; `rS m ;jcif ; jzpf v mEd k i f y gonf / þtcsd e f r S w yg;oif o nf o mí ynm½Sdjcif;ESifhomítouftdkvm jcif; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;jzpfapEdkifygonf/

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271

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273

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277 xd k t &muk d oif t b,f a Mumif h c sKyf w nf ; xm;aMumif ; ud k j yozd k Y oef Y ½ S i f ; aom 0dnmOfawmfukd awmif;cHyg/ qkawmif;yg/ oltb,fodkYzGifhjyxm;onfudk a&;csyg/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vlrnfonfum; c&pfawmfü½SdvQif topfjyKjyifaom owå0gjzpf\/a[mif;aom t&mwdkYonf ajymif;vJícyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYonf topfjzpfMuNyD/ -2aum?5;17 owif;pum;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd ESv;kH om;rsm;wpfcv k ;kH udk ocifb&k m;tm;ay;tyf vdu k af omtcg uREfkyfwdkY\ESvHk;om;rsm;onf wpfckvHk;udk xyfrHíwpfBudrf jyKvkyfay;jcif;ESifh ukocsrf;omay;jcif;jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh oiftb,fodkY jyKvkyfcJhaom t&mjzpfonf/ oif\twdwfumvtaMumif;udk bk&m;ociftm; uif;vGwfapyg/ atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk owdBuD; pGmjzifh ,cktm½HkjyKyg/ w&m;a[m&musrf;?

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279 uREfkyfoifhudk cspfygonf/ uREfkyfoifhukd odcsifygonf/ odkY&mwGif ,ckcsufcsif; oifESifhrdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;onf xdkt&mudk oiftb,fodkY jzpfapvdkonfukd wu,fyif uREfkyfodxm;jcif;r½Sdyg/ uREfkyfonf oif\ rpjcif;udk vdktyfaeol jzpfonf/ MunfhjrifzdkY uREfkyf\rsufvHk;rsm;udk zGifhay;awmfrlygbk&m;/ oifhfudkod&jcif; twGuf wkEdIif;í r&Edkifaomwefzdk; taMumif;udk uREfkyftm;awGYjrifapawmfrlyg/ uREfkyf\ ESvHk;om;udk uREfkyftm; jyoawmfrlyg/ oifhudkyxrae&mü csxm;jcif;rS uREfkyftm;tb,fodkY xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaeygoenf;/ oifhtwGuf uREfkyfonf arwåmrD;awmuf avmifaeaompaumudk ulnDzdkY tb,fodkY vkyfaqmifygoenf;/ oif\ xdk;xGif;odjrifwufaom ÓPfESifhaus;Zl;awmf twGuf uREfkyfawmif;cHaom tcg c&pfawmf\ em;rawmfjrwfü qkawmif;ygonfbk&m;}}[lí qkawmif;yg/ wdwq f w d pf mG aeyg/ ud, k af wmf\ 0dnmOfawmfonf oifu h dk tb,foYkd jyojcif;twGuf em;axmifyg/ xdkt&mudk a&;csyg/ oltb,fodkY rdefYawmfrlonfudk vkyfaqmifzdkY aus;Zl;awmftwGuf olYtm;awmif;cHyg/ bk&m;ocifudkOD;pGm yxrcsxm;jcif;rS uREfkyftm;xdef;odrf; apmifha½Smufaom aom xdkt&mrsm;rSm---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------olESifh&if;&if;ESD;ESD; rdwfo[mzGJYjcif;wpfckudk pkdufysdK;&mü uREfkyf\ tydkif;rSm---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bk&m;ocifESifhtwl t&yfwpfyg;odkYoGm;zdkY &,lxm;yg ocifa,½IESifh &if;ESD;pGm csdwfqufzdkY taumif;qHk; enf;vrf;rsm;teuf wpfckwnf; aom enf;vrf;rSm udk,fawmf\ESvHk;om;ESifhqHkawGYjcif; jzpfonf/ vGwfajrmufjcif; twGuf a&jyifnDopfESifh awGYMuHKjcif;onf olESifhrdwfo[m, zGJYjcif;ESifhqHkcsuf xm;aom tcsdefwpfcktwGuf t&yfwpfyg;odkY oGm;jcif;tm;jzifh a&jyifnDopfESifh awGYBuHKjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonf oif\toif;awmf ESifhtwl tm;opfavmif; oifwef;wpfckodkY qufvufoGm;Edkifoljzpfonf/ oifESifhoif\r,m;twGufom

280 c&D;oGm;tcsdefZ,m; wpfckukd a&;qGJEdkifol jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh wpfrsdK;wnf; jzpfaom aeY&ufwpfcsdKUjzpfonf/ wpf&ufjyD;wpf&ufü oif\tav;*½kjyKjcif;udk awmif;qdak om pdwyf sUH vGihf apjcif;rS uGmjcm;apjcif;jzpfonf/ oif\tdraf xmifjyKjcif; ESifh oif\ toufwmudk tpOfxm0& jyKjyifajymif;vJay;Edkifygonf/ oifonfbk&m;ocifESifhtwl½Sdjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifESifhtwl t&yfwyg;odkY oGm;Edkifaomtcsdefwpfckukd ½SmazGawGY½Sd&oljzpfonf/ xdkt&mudk oif\ jyu©'defü a&;csyg/ ¤if ; ud k OD ; pm;ay;jcif ; wpf c k j yKvk y f y g/ tpD t pOf taMumif ; t&m ro,faqmifvmygESi/hf pdwyf sUH vGijhf cif; o,faqmifrvmyg ESi/hf abmyif? *sme,fEiS hf or®musrf;pm wpfckukdom o,faqmifvmyg/ ol\ESvHk;om; aumif;jrwfjcif;rS uHkvHk<u,f0jcif;udk vufcHzdkYtqifoifh ½SdygapAsm/ vsd K U0S u f a omae&m\tH M ozG , f t aMumif ; ud k a z:jyyg/ a[NAJ ? 4;16? a,m?15;4-8? a[½Sm&?40;31/ qm?16;11/27;19-20/91;1/16;27 usrf;ydk'frsm;udkomí rsm;rsm;zwfxm;yg/

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292 ywfvnfü pepfwuswl; qGjcif;vkyfief;ukd wm0ef,laqmif½Gufoljzpfonf/ xdktyifwpfyifpDonf b@modkufudk zGifhjyjcif;r½Sday/ wpfckwnf;usef&pfaeaom b@modkufudk ½SmazGawGY½Sdjcif;twGuf jzpfEdkifzG,fudk yGifhvif;jrifomapzdkUom tapcHco hJ l jzpfonf/od&Yk mwGif olonf tdyrf ufxm;aom b@modu k u f kd ½SmazGrawGY onfw h ikd af tmif aemufq;kH tyif ywfvnfü aemufq;kH ajrmif;udk wl;qGay;aomtcg olonf armyef;jcif;ESifh pdwfysuftm; avsmhjcif;tm;jzifh ratmif jrifEdkifoljzpf&yg onf/ ¤if ; onf aemuf x yf a EG O D ; ayguf & moD a &muf ½ S d v maomtcsd e f ü om xdkvlBuD;onf ol\b@modkufudk ½SmazGawGY½SdcJh&oljzpfonf/ olonf yef;oD;yif tyGifhyGifhjcif;twGuf tarT;eHYESifhtwl jyif;xefaomavudk euf½Idif;pGm touf½Ijcif; ESifh opfoD;jcHywfvnfodkYavQmufvSrf;cJh&oljzpfonf/ ol\a½SUbdk;ab;ydkifaom tyifrsm;tm;vH;k onf yef;yGirhf sm;twGuf rd;k oD;rd;k yGiu hf sjcif;ESihf zH;k tkyu f , G 0f u S o f nfh t&mrsm;jzpfcJh&ygonf/ arT;BudKifaom tzl;tiHkwpfckpDonf aqmif;OD;&moD yef;oD; yifrsm;twGuf uwdawmfudk qifETJMu&onf/ qif ; &J o m;vl B uD ; onf ol \ *½k w pd k u f j yKpk & mütpOf t NrJ tb,f o d k Y jzpfjcif;udk Munfh½IjyKpkjcif;tm;jzifh ol\b@modkufudk ½SmazGawGY½SdcJh&oljzpf onf/ olonfajrMoZmajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh wG,faeaom tjrpfrsm; avovyfcHonfukd wrifwumjyKvkyfjcif;r½Sdoljzpfonf/ þjzpfpOfonf pHkvifaom toD;rsm;twGuf &moDOwkopfwpfckxJodkY tyifrsm;udk o,faqmifoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcsdefu tb,fodkYjzpfcJhaom t&mrsm;tm;vHk; jzpfcJhaomfvnf; roD;ryGifhjcif;onf touf½iS jf cif;twGuf jyefvnfí aygufymG ;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ xdEk pS Ef iS ahf emifvmrnfh omíajrmufrsm;pGmaom ESpfrsm;twGuf olESifhol\rdom;pkonf &dwfodrf;jcif; wpfckESifh aysmfydkuf& onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfonf/ xdkt&monf olwdkY\t½dkif;qdkif;qHk; tdyfrufrsm; xufomvGefonf½Sifh/ uRefrwdkYonf þpmtkyftm;jzifhc&D;pOfudk pwifaomtcg uRefrwdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd opfyifwpfyifESifhwlnDjcif;ukdEIdif;,SOfjyoxm;onf/ tyif wpfyifywfvnf ajrMoZmonf odyfonf;vmaomtcg ¤if;\ tjrpfrsm;onf uefo Y wfxm;&me,ferd w d jf zpfvmygonf/ xdt Yk jyif olwYkd onf Bu;D xGm;vmzdt Yk wGuf vdktyfaom tyifudk cGeftm;jzpfapjcif;ESifha&udk vufcHzdkYysHUESHoGm;Edkifjcif;r½Sd awmhay/ þpmtkyf\yxrtcef;BuD;ig;cef; onf ajrMoZmudkxyfrHí tm;jynfhNzdK;

293 apzdt Yk wGuf oifvyk af om tvkyu f kd axmufujl yKzYkd yHpk rH sm;a&;qGx J m; jcif;jzpfonf/ wpfu, kd af umif;qefjcif;? aMumuf½jHG cif;ESiahf zmufjyefjcif;twGuf usKH UapaomtusKd ; oufa&mufrIrsm; tm;enf;apjcif;rsm;udk z,f½Sm;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh oifonf oif\wG,fae aomtjrpfrsm;udk avovyfcHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf oifonf tdrfrufzdkY&J&ifhjcif;½Sdoljzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif yef;wdkifrsm;? tqift h wef;rsm;ESihf wefz;kd rsm;udk wnfaxmifzaYkd ½G;cs,x f m; oljzpfonf/ oifonf oif\ tem*wfumvü½Sdaom b@mwdkufESifhoif\tcuf tvufrsm;tay: arQmfvifhjcif;uwdawmfudk awGYjrif&vdrfhrnf/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wdkif;onf ,aeYxdwdkif 0efcHEdkifjcif;r½Sdaom &dwf odrf;jcif;wpfck\ uwdawmfudk vufqkyfvufudkifxm;Muonf/ uRefrwdkYonf uRef r wd k Y \ td r f a xmif E S i f h uRef r wd k Y \ ES v H k ; om;ud k xd e f ; aMumif ; jcif ; tm;jzif h ud k , f h t yd k i f ; ES i f h u d k , f v k y f a eMuol r sm;jzpf o nf / bk & m;ocif o nf uRef r wd k Y \ wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;½Sdjcif;tay: aumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfckudk trdefYay;jcif;tm;jzifh olYtydkif;olvkyfoGm;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\&moDOwkvuf armif;rsm;ESifh &ifhusufaomtyif? ¤if;\ESpfoufjrwfEdk;&aom tcuftvwfrsm;ESifh tyifysdK xdkYtjyif [kwfygonf ,aeYxdwdkif tañSmifhaygufzdkY ao;i,faom rsdK;aphrsm; onfyifvQif tm;vHk;ü pGrf;&nftwGuf wefcdk;½Sdonf/ uRefrwdkY\ bk&m;ocifonf uHkvHk<u,f0aom xdkt&mudk jyKvkyfay; jcif;ESifh jrHKaomtyifrsm;udk ,laqmifoGm; aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ ta[mif;udk topfjyKvyk af y;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ aojcif;udk touf½Sifjcif;odkY ½Sifjyefxajrmufapaom bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/

t&mcyfodrf;udktopfjzpfapjcif; arwåmonf twdwfumvudk azsmufzsufypfjcif;r[kwfyg/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;onfuGJjym;jcm;em;aom tem*wfumvudkjzpfapaom arwåm jzpfonf/ -a*&D csm(yf)ref; þt&mrsm; tm;vHk;pwifcJhaom ae&mjzpfaom O,smOfawmfodkY aemufqHk; wpfck taejzifh uREfkyfwdkY\tav;*½kjyKjcif;odkY jyefvSnfhxm;MuygpdkY/

294 xdkodkYbk&m;ocifonf rdrdyHko@mefESifhtnD vludkzefqif;awmfrl\/ bk&m;ocif\yHko@mefawmfESifh vla,musmf;rdef;rudk zefqif;NyD;vQif tcsif;wdkYrsm;jym;pGm arG;zGm;Muavmh/ ajrBuD;udk jynfhapíEdkifMuavmh/ yifv,fig;wdkYudk¤if; rdkCf;aumif;uifiSufwdkYudk¤if; touf½Sif íajrBuD; ay:rSm vIyf½Sm;wwfaom wd&dpämeftaygif;wdkYudk¤if; tkyfpdk;Muavmh[k rdefYawmfrl\}} (u?1;27-28 owif;pum;jzpf onf/) þt&monf uREykf w f t Ykd wGuf bk&m;ocif\ xm0&&nf½, G cf suf jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ywf0ef;usiftwGuf xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfapjcif;? zdtm;ay;jcif;ESifh uREfkyfwdkY\ twdwfumvonf zefqif;½Sif\rlv&nf½G,f csufudk tiftm;nHhzsif; apjcif; odrYk [kwf tqdyt f awmufjzpfapzdYk a&muf½dS vmonf/ ¤if;onf oif\pHv k if aom tcGifhta&;jzpfonfudk ,HkMunfjcif;xm;zdkY {'ifO,smOfawmfvkyfief;rS vGefpGma0;aom z,f½Sm;jcif;udk cHpm;&oljzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrhfrnf/ ESvHk;om;ukd aqmifxm;yg/ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;wdkif; ESihf toufwmwdkif; onfjyefvnf topf arG;zGm;apEdkifygonf/ xdkYtjyif ayGUydkufxm;aom urÇmOD;usrf;opfwpfckudk jyefvnfarG;zGm;apEkdifonf/ yv’ifawmfay:rSmxkdifaomoluvnf; igonfcyfodrf;aomt&m wdkYukd topfzefqif;onf/ (Asm? 21;5) bk & m;ocif o nf twd w f u mvud k ½d k ; om;pG m topf j yKjyif a y;jcif ; r[kwfay/ olonf t&mcyfodrf;ukd topfjzpfapaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ {'if O,smOf a wmf r S t yif r sm;uk d ,l a qmif x m;ol j zpf o nf / uRef r wd k Y \ usqif ; oGm;jcif;taMumif; rSwfolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdktyifrsm;ukd jyefvnfzefwD;ol jzpfonf/ aojcif;twGuf opfyifwpfyifudk jzwfoef;oGm;aomol\om; awmftm; urf;vSrf; ay;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf olonf ol\xm0&NrdKUawmfxJodkY uREfkyfwdkYtm; BudKqdkEdkifoljzpfonf/ t&Gufrsm;onf vlrsdK;wumudk ukocsrf;omay;zdkY toufyif &S&d mtdraf wmfoYkd 0ifa&mufomG ; zdYk BuKd qv kd suf aeaombk&m;jzpfonf/ a&G;EIwu f ,f wifzdkY ol\wefcdk; awmfatmufü aysmufuG,foGm;aom t&mwpfpHkwpfckrQ r&Sday/ þt&m onfuRefrwdkY tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd topfjzpf apaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ xkYdaMumihf uRefrwdkYonf xyfrHí wpfBudrfpwif EkdifMu olrsm;jzpfonf/

295 oif\twdwfumvonf ukefvGefoGm;NyDjzpfonf/ ¤if;\aygif;pyf onhf taES m if t zG J U onf vl o m;\Bud K ;pm;tm;xk w f r I r sm;twG u f aemuf u G , f ü qdu k af &mufomG ;jcif;ESifh tcsed u f mvtwGuf ESpcf sKyrf w S w f rf;xJü &Syd gonf/ od&Yk mwGif tcsdefumv\ tjyifbufü wpfOD;wnf;ay:xGef;vm oljzpfonf/ xdkYtjyifolonf ¤if ; \uef Y o wf c suf t m;jzih f e,f e d r d w f o wf rS w f x m;ol r [k w f a y/ ol o nf ]]teEÅumvwnf;[laom bHkAdrmefü pHawmfrlxaom ]]txG#ftjrwfjzpfawmfrl aom bk&m;}} jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm,? 57;15) bk&m;ocifonf oif\tem*wfumv taMumif;ukd a&;om;aom bk&m;jzpfonftwdkif; olonf oif\twdwfumv trSm;rsm;udk a&G;EIwf u,fwifygvdrh rf nf/ bk&m;ocif\ Edik if aH wmfü raeYuemusif jcif;onf reufjzefjzpfEkdifaom pGrf;&nfukd BudKwifumuG,fxm;jcif; r[kwfay/ wpfaeYpD ukd,fawmf\ Muifemaom arwåmrsm;onf opfvGifaomarwåm jzpfonf/ udk,fawmf\ uwdawmfonf oihfudkapmihfqdkif;aeonf/ oifhtwGuf rjzpfEdkifaom t&mrsm;ukd jzpfEkdifaom t&mrsm;tjzpfodkY jyKvkyfay;zdkYolonf cspfwwfolESihf arwåmudk t"GeYf&SnfpGm cdkifNrJapaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ igwdkYüjyKjyifaomwefcdk;awmftwdkif; igwdkYawmif;yefBuHpnforQxuf tvGefxl;jcm;pGm jyKjcif;iSm wwfEdkifawmfrlaom bk&m; ({zuf? 3;20) oif \ td r f a xmif j yKjcif ; ES i h f oif w d k Y t oD ; oD ; od k Y bk & m;ocif o ,f aqmifvmEkid af om jynh0f pHv k ifjcif; xda&mufaom tusKd ;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh jynh0f aom toD;oD;jcif;wdkYonf oifodjrifEdkifaom t&m&mwdkif;\ aemufuG,fü&Sdonf/ oifonf vGefcJhaom &ufowåywfrsm; odkYr[kwf vGefcJhaom aeY&ufrsm;ü oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;twGuf a&;om;xm;aom wyfrufjcif;rsm;? yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf tdrfrufrsm;taMumif;ukd pOf;pm;Munhfyg/bk&m;ocifonf xdk½lyg½HkukdomawGUqHkzdkY vkdcsifaomolr[kwfay/ xdkt&mukd uHkvHk<u,f0pGmwdk;íaumif;rGefzdkY vdkcsifaom bk & m;jzpf o nf / xd k Y a Mumih f oif \ aoG ; pnf ; nD ñ G w f j cif ; onf ajrBuD ; ay:ü ol\aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfukd wnfaxmifjcif;jzpfonf/ olonf a&S;xHk;tpOftvm r&Sdaom enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf t&if;rlv ESifhqkdifaom enf;vrf;rsm;ü oifhtm;jzihf oift h xJü tvkyv f yk v f akd om bk&m;jzpfonf/ oifonf apmapmu tcef;Bu;D rsm;udk zwfxm;oljzpfonftwdik ;f tdrrf ufzYkd &J&ihjf cif;&So d rl [kwf jzpfaumif;jzpfEikd f ygonf/ xdkt&mudk jyKvkyfzdkY ,ck&J&ihfjcif;&Sdyg&Sif/

296 bk&m;ocifESihftwl toufwm\ tkwfjrpfcsjcif;qdkif&m usihfpOfwpfck onf xkdodkYjzpfonf/ olonf t&m&mwdkif;ukd txajrmufatmifjrif zdkY uRefrwdkY\ axmufujl yKjcif;ukd vdt k yfjcif;r&Sad omfjim;vnf; olonf uRerf wd\ Yk rdwzf ufjzpfjcif; ukd BuKd qakd om bk&m;jzpfonf/ uRerf wd\ Yk axmufujl yKypön;f rsm;udk awmif;qdak om bk&m;ocifr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif uRefrwdkY\ yg0ifa&m,Sufjcif;ukd vdkcsifaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ uRefrwdkYonf rjzpfEdkifaom t&mrsm;twGuf txajrmufatmif BudK;pm; tm;xkwfjcif; tm;jzihf yg0ifa&m,SufzdkY &,lxm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ oifonf oif\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ü xyfrHí wpfBudrfpwifoljzpfonhf twdkif; uRefrwdkYonf jyKvkyfzdkY oihfukdawmif;cHjcif; jzpfonf/ þcPwm tcsdefü tjriftm;jzihf rjzpfEkdifaom tb,fodkYjzpfaom t&mrsm;onfyifvQif jzpfEdkifjcif; twGuf OD;wnfcsufxm;zkYdjzpfonf/ tb,fodkY rjzpfEkdifjcif;txJodkY xdkxGif;odjrifaom ÓPfukdtxl;ojzihf uRefrwdkYtm; ay;tyf&mü wpfckwnf;aom udk,fawGU0w¬Konf txajrmufatmif aqmif & G u f a pEk d i f o nf / ¤if ; onf vl Y o rd k i f ; wpf a vQmuf ü omírwl n D a om wpfcPwmtcsdefwpfckwGif a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ajrBuD;ukd jynhfapzdkY bk&m;ocif\ ynwfawmfudk qefu Y sií f vlom;awmf vSeyf ek u f efaomtcgü&Sad om tcsd e f w pf c k j zpf o nf / {'if O ,smOf a wmf ü tm'H E S i f h {0jzpf c J h M uonf t wk d i f ; aumif;uifEkdifiHawmf\ avxkzdtm;jzihf ae&mwpfcktwGuf OD;wnfcsufxm;jcif;? wnfaqmufzYkd BuKd ;pm;tm; xkwjf cif;ESifh uRerf wd\ Yk a&S;bd;k ab;rsm;onf twlwuG wpftkyfwpfrBuD; wpfckudk ysHUESHUpdrhf0ifoGm;zdkYtwGuf ukd,fpm;jzpfonf/ AaAvt&yf &Sd &JwdkufBuD;wGif bk&m;ociftb,fodkY Mum;0ifonfudk oifonf tqifoihf odxm;Ekdifoljzpfonf/ xdkodkY vlom;wdkYwnfvkyfaom NrdKUESihf&Jwkdufudk Munhf½Ijcif;iSm xm0& bk&m;ocifonf qif;oufawmfrl\/ xm0&bk&m;u Munhf½Iavmh/ vlwpfrsKd ;wnf; pum;wpfrsKd ;wnf;&So d nfjzpfí olwo Ykd nf þtrIukd tOD; jyKMuonf/ ,ckMuHpnforQwdkYudk tqD;twm; r½SdolwdkYjyKMuvdrhfrnf/ vmMu/ qif;oufMuukeftHh/ olwdkYonf tcsif;csif;em;rvnfapjcif;iSm olwdkY pum;ukd ½IyfaxG;MuukeftHh[k rdefYawmfrl\/ xdkodkY xm0&bk&m;onf olwu Ykd dk ajrBu;D wjyifv;kH ü t&yf&yfujJG ym;apawmfro l jzihf olwo Ykd nf NrKd Uukd rwnfbJ aeMu\/ (u? 11;5-8 xnfo h iG ;f xm;aom tm½HjkyKcsujfzpfonf)

297 þBudK;pm;jcif;toif;ukd bk&m;ocifvkyfydkifcGihftmPmtyfESif;xm; jcif;r[kwf? olwdkY\ tvkyfudkvnf; ysufpD;aom bk&m;r[kwfay/ þudk,f pm;udk,fyGm;ESpfOD;taMumif;aMumihf bmompum;rsdK;pHka0rQjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ tu,fí emcHjcif;r&Sdaom vlrsm;twGuf tjriftm;jzihf rjzpfEkdifaom wm0ef tyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&rnf/ þtiftm;pkrsm;ESppf o k nf c&pfawmfü wpfom;wpfu, kd w f nf; jzpfaomolrsm;tm; tb,fodkY ajrmufrsm;pGm wwf Edkifapolrsm;jzpfMuygoenf;/ av;euf a om wpf v H k ; wpf w nf ; &nf & G , f c suf E S i h f av;euf a om wpfv;kH wpf0wnf;bmompum;rsm;onf xyfrí H wpfBurd pf wifojl zpf onht f wdik ;f oihftwGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfygvdrhfrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf oif\wpfvHk;wpf0wnf ;jzpfa&;twGufjzpfaom ]]txuft&yfrS tvGeftuRH uHkvHk<u,f0jcif;}} udk ayGUydkuf xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ aygufuJG tm;&Sad om ESprf sKd ;pvH;k taMumif;ukd ppfaq;MunhMf uygpd/Yk bmompum;rsm;ESihfpwifMuygpdkY/

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320 oif\r,m;udk e,fedrdwfydkif;jcm;owfrSwfay;jcif; r[kwfay/ okdY&mwGif udk,fawmf \cspfjcif;arwåmESihf udk,fawmf\aus;Zl;awmf aMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oif \ r,m;pG r f ; aqmif E d k i f & nf t aMumif ; ud k ajymjyjcif ; jzpf o nf / xd k e nf ; wl aqmif&GufzdkYoifhtm; zdwfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ txufüa&;om;azmfjyxm;onftwdkif; vDZmonf EkysdKaomtrsdK; orD;i,fwpfa,mufjzpfaom tcsdefü olronf uifqma&m*gESihf rsufvHk; wpf z uf u G , f o G m ;&&S m onf / þtaMumif ; aMumih f ol r onf vl t rsm;tpOf tNrJxdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif&aom euf½dIif;aom aMumuf&GHUjcif;wpfck&Sdygonf/ uREfkyf (*Ref) onf vDZm\ aMumuf&GHUjcif;taMumif;ukd aumif;aumif;odxm; oljzpfonf/ ok&Yd mwGif uREykf o f nf xko d v Ykd nf;odxm;ygao;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf xl;vGeaf om ÓPfynmESihftwl olrtm;qkaus;Zl;csay;aom bk&m;jzpfonf/ vli,foif;tkyfq&mwpfyg;jzpfpOftcgü uREfkyfonf vli,ftkyfpkxJ&Sd rdef;uav;rsm;tm; pum;ajymay;zkYdjzpfonf/ uREfkyfonf olrtm; vdkcsifygaMumif; wpfcgwpf&H vDZmtm; ajymjyygonf/ ]]vHk;0rvkyfbl;Asm}}/ olrumuG,f ajymqdk&yg vdrhfrnfrSm ]]uRefronf txkyftydk;a0iSol wpfa,muf r[kwfyg/ vli,foif;tkyf q&mjzpf o nf t wd k i f ; toif ; awmf o nf oih f u d k i S m ;&rf ; xm;jcif ; jzpf o nf / uRefrr[kwfyg/}} uREfkyfonf olr\ uefYuGufcsufrsm;ukd em;axmif&vdrhfrnf/ odapvdk olrsm;onf aMumuf&GHUjcif;ü tjrpfwG,faeMuonf/ xkdYtjyif olr\ toufwmü &Sdaom bk&m;ocif\qkaus;Zl;ukd qefYusifawmfvSef ykefuefzdkY wyfrufjcif;r&Sd olrsm;jzpfonf/ olronf pum;ajymzdkY vGefpGmxdwfvefYaMumuf&GHUoljzpfonf/ xkdxufru rnfonhftcsdefürqkd olraqmif&GufcJhygonf/ olr\owif;pum; onf xkdolwdkYtm; tb,frQ av;eufpGm pdwfxdcdkufapjcif; taMumif;ukd uREfkyftm;ajymjyzdkY 0wfjyKpnf;a0; NyD;qHk;NyD; aemufydkif;vlrsm;ukd uREfkyfawGUjrif vdkuf&onf/ xkdYaMumihf olruG,fumxm;aom tcsdefü uREfkyfwkefYjyef &rnfrSm ]],aeYn oift h wGuf ac:,lzYkd uREyfk t f wGuo f m tqifoihjf zpfygap}} [líjzpfonf/ uRefr (vDZm) awG;xifonfu xkdodkYjzpfonf/ *Refonf wpfpHkwpf&m txJodkY0ifí uRefrtm; jyKvkyfay;zdkY BudK;pm;aeoljzpfonf/ uRefr r[kwfyg/ olodxm;onfrSm xkdodkYjzpfonf/ vli,ftkyfpkxJ&Sd rdef;uav;rsm;onf olwdkY\ toufwmrsm;ü trsdK;om;wpfOD;\toHwpfckvdktyfaeol rsm;jzpfonf/ okdY&mwGif

321 t&nftcsif;r&SdygaMumif; uRefreuf½dIif;pGm cHpm;vdkuf&ygonf/ uRefronf xkdt&mukd 0efcHjcif;r&Sday/ tcsKyftm;jzihf xdkolwdkYaMumihf OyrmyHkaqmifcsuf wpfcktwGuf &SmazGxm;zdkYjzpfonf/ olonf pkdjynfapzdkY uRefrqkaus;Zl;rsm;twGuf ywf0ef;usifaumif;wpfckudk zefwD;zdkY BudK;pm;aeoljzpfonf/ olonf uRefrtwGif; xJü wpfpHkwpf&m awGUjrif&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ uRefrudk,fwkdif rjrifawGUEdkif aom t&m jzpfonf/ odkYyifjim;vnf; uRefrvkyf&ayrnf/ xdktcsdefrsm;ü wpfnvHk; pwifaexdik v f u kd yf gonf/ *Reo f nf uRerf tm; pum;ajymjcif;jyKvyk af y;zdYk r[kwaf y/ olonf uRefrtm;ae&mcsxm;apjcif;ü b,faomtcgrQ &yfwefYoGm;vdrhfrnf r[kwaf y/ xkaYd Mumihf bk&m;ocifonf uRerf ud, k w f iG ;f xJü olt Y wGuf taumif;qH;k aom t&mudk o,fxw k af y;Ekid af ombk&m;jzpf onf/xdt k csed üf uRerf u xkt d &mudk rke;f wD;ygonf/ od&Yk mwGif aemufjyef Munhv f u kd af omtcg ¤if;onf vGepf mG oufao jzpf&onfrSm xdkodkYjzpfygonf/ olonf uRefr\uefYoufcsufrsm;ESihf uRefr\ aMumuf&GHUjcif;aemuf uG,fü arwåmrsm;pGmjzihf uRefrtm;wGef;csapoljzpfonf/ *Refonf uRefrtm;ulnDouJhodkYom uRefronf uRefr\cGeftm;ukd uGJjym;jcm;em;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf olYtwGuf iSm;&rf;ay;vdkufygonf/ apmapm ESpfrsm;ü uRefronf ol\pmtkyfrsm;ukd wnf;jzwfay;&mü tvGefoGufvuf xufjrwfolwpfa,mufjzpfygonf/xdkYtjyif ol\ESvHk; om;ESihfaphpyfaocsmpGm qufo, G x f m;olrsm;tm; pdwcf s&atmif jyKvyk af y;apygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh uRerf wdüYk trsm;qHk;½Sdaom t&mrsm;onf a&muf½SdvmorQudk trIawmfjrwfvkyfief;ü twlwuGaqmif½GufzdkY tcGifhta&; jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf uRefrwdkYonf ½SifoefBuD;xGm; jcif;txJodkY 0ifítcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf cspfMujcif; aMumifh jzpfonf/ oifESifhoif\r,m;onf tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf txJü taumif;qHk;ukd tb,fodkY o,fxkwfvmjcif;taMumif;udk oif,lxm;jcif;r½Sd jzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ oifonfqefYusifbuf tjyKtrl txJodkYyif usqif;Edkif onf/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf usqif;oGm;jcif;udk owdxm;zdkY oif\ajrMoZmvTrf;rdk;jcif;ESifh vufyGef;wwD;aejcif; tajctae&m xl;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKapyg/ ,aeYonf opfvGifaom tpjyKjcif; aeYwpfaeYjzpfEdkifygonf/ oifonf pHcsdefopfwpfck wnfaxmifEdkifoljzpfonf/

322 ¤if ; onf xyf r H í wpf B ud r f p wif j yKvk y f z d k Y b,f a omtcgrQ vG e f p G m aemufusomG ;vdrrhf nfr[kw/f tu,fí oif\rdwzf ufpw d f twGi;f ü taumif;qH;k ukd o,fxw k zf Ykd oif,v l o dk jl zpfonfqykd gu oif\r,m; ESit hf wl qkawmif;zdt Yk wGuf aus;Zl;jyKí ae&mwpfck? yk*¾vdu tcsdefwpfck ESifhwdwfqdwfaom tcsdefwpfckudk ½SmazGawG½Y x d S m;yg/ atmufazmfjyygtwdik ;f bk&m;ocifEiS h f pum;ajymyg/ qkawmif;yg/ aumif;uifbHkü ½Sdawmfrlaom crnf;awmfbk&m;? uRefrwdkYtMum; oifwnfaxmifxm;aom wpfv;kH wpf0wnf; jzpfjcif;udk vGrJ mS ;aom jyKpk ysKd ;axmifjcif;twGuf aemifw&Muolrsm;jzpf onf/ uRerf wd\ Yk tdraf xmif jyKjcif;onf oif\txl;uRr;f usiaf om vufprG ;f vufp jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif uRefrwdkYonf ¤if;\xdkufwefjcif;udk *kPftoa& ½Sdapjcif;ESifhtwl xdt k &mb@mpd;k xm;jcif;r½Sad y/ uRerf wd\ Yk toufwmwpfavQmufv;kH ü ud, k af wmf\opfviG af om Muifemjcif; w&m;twGuf aus;Zl;wifyg\/ xdt k &m onf xyfrí H wpfBurd f pwifzYkd uRerf wdt Yk m; wwfEf ikd f pGr;f apEdik o f nf/ oef½Y iS ;f aom 0dÓOfawmfb&k m; uRerf wdo Yk nf oif\arwåmawmftm;jzifh uRerf wdo Yk nf tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,muf udw k pfa,muf Munfzh v Ykd t kd yfaom uRerf wdt Yk m; ay;oem;awmfrl ygrnft h aMumif; oifu h akd wmif;cHygonf/ uRerf wdUk onf tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,mufuw kd pfa,muf tapcHjcif;ESihf tb,foYkd qif,if usi;f yEdik jf cif; txJoo Ykd mí Bu;D jrwfaom xd;k xGi;f odjrif aomÓPf udk uRerf wdt Yk m;ay;awmfryl g/ uRerf wdw Yk pfO;D pDtxJü oifcsUJ xGiv f akd om cGet f m;rsm;ESihf qkaus;Zl;rsm;udk jrifawGU&zdYk rsuv f ;kH rsm;udk uRerf wdt Yk m; ay;oem;awmfryl g/ oif\vkyif ef;ü tb,foYkd ol&owåEd iS hf jynfph akH usmMf um; olrsm;jzpfjcif;udk uRerf wdYk tm;jyoawmfryl g/ uRerf wdo Yk nf ud, k w f ikd t f ay: wnfjcif;xuf omíaumif;aom twlwuG &yfwnfjcif;udk ,HMk unfjcif; ½SdaeMuolrsm;jzpf onf/ uRefrwdkYonf wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;½Sdjcif;ESifh uRerf wd\ Yk toufwmrsm;twGuf oiftb,foMYku d H ½G,x f m;aom pHv k ifjcif; txJoYkd Bu;D yGm;½Sio f efzv Ykd v kd m;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ oif\bke;f awmfonf urÇmtqufqufwnf½SdygapaMumif; c&pfawmf\ em;rawmfjrwfü qkawmif;Muygonfb&k m;/ tmrif/ aemufwpfcu k uRerf wdo Yk nf oif\r,m;ESiw hf u kd ½f u kd jf yKvyk zf Ykd oifh twGuf qif,ifusif;yaom tcef;tem;rsm;ESifh tusHK;0ifonf[k rSwf,lxm;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ olwdkY\ rsufvHk;rsufESmrsm;udk MunfhjyD; þpum;rsm;udkajymyg/

323 tcsif ; a,muf s m;wd k Y u sqif ; oG m ;aom oif h u d k vuf q k w f v uf u d k i f xm;jcif;ESihf pdwx f ikd ;f rIid ;f awGa0apzdYk uRerf \ cGet f m;rsm;udk toH;k jyKjcif; twGuf uRerf tm; cGiv hf w T yf g/ oif\Muifemoem;jcif;? oif\ÓPfynm? oif\vSy wihfw,fjcif;ESifh ol\txl;aumif;jrwfonfhtusifh twGuf ajymqdkjcif; r½dSaomaMumifh uRefrtm;cGifhvTwfyg/ uRefrwdkY \tdyf,m uRefrwdkY\ twlaeaomtcsdef uRefrwdkY\ pum;tjyef tvSefajymjcif;ü uRefr\ wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;twGuf cGifhvTwfyg/ uRefrwdkY\ wpfvHk;wpf0 wnf;jzpfjcif;onfbkef;awmfxif½Sm;apjcif; jyefvnf wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh ukocsrf;om ay;Edkifaom bk&m;ocif jzpfonfukd uRerf ,HMk unfygonf/ uRerf wdt Yk m; cGet f m;ESijhf ynfph aHk paomoltm;jzifh oifESifhuRefronf cyfodrf;aomt&mudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf[k uRefr,HkMunf ygonf/ uRefrwdkYonf wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;jcif; pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh tmPmudk ,lwif0wfaqmif&vdrfhrnf/ xdkYtjyif ocifa,½I\ em;rawmfjrwfü tvGeftoD;oD; apzdkYjzpfonf/ tcsif;rdef;rwdkYoif\ tm;enf;jcif;udk axmufjyzdkYuREfkyf\cGeftm;udk toHk;jyKxm; jcif;twGuf uREykf t f m;cGiv hf w T yf g/ uREykf w f \ Ykd qufo, G af &;vrf;aMumif;ü wpfu, kd af umif;qefjcif;ESihf oifu h *kd P k t f oa& r½Sad pjcif;twGuf uREykf f tm;cG i f h v T w f y g/ ,ck t csd e f r S p íuREf k y f o nf oif \ touf w mud k wnfaqmufzdkYuREfkyf\pum;rsm;udk toHk;jyK& ayvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfonf oifhESvHk;om;twGuf vHkjcHKab;uif;aom OD;aqmifrIwpfckr[kwfol jzpf&aom tcsdefrsm;twGufcGifhvTwfyg/ uREfkyfonfoif\twGif;pdwfudk ,HkMunfjcif;½Sdoljzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ twGif;pdwfoabmukd ,HkMunfjcif; xm;ol jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cyfodrf;aom t&mudk topfjzpfap Edik af Mumif;udk ,HMk unfjcif;½So d jl zpfonf/ uREykf o f nf oifu h ckd iG v hf w T jf cif;ESifh cspf z k d Y a&G ; cs,f x m;ol j zpf o nf / ¤if ; onf or® m w&m;Muif e maom arwåmESipfh v kH ifapaom aeYopfwpfaeYjzpfonf/ xyfrí H wpfBurd f tdrrf uf jcif;ESihfcspfMuygpdkY/ cspaf om rdwaf qGrsm;cifAsm;? uREykf w f t Ykd m;vH;k onf taumif;qH;k udk ,HMk unf jcif ; &S d M uonf r S m ,aeY x d w d k i f oif \ a&S U arS m uf w G i f & S d o nf / bk & m;ocif \

324 aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf oif\MoZmvTrf;rdk;jcif; oif\vufyGef;wD; aejcif;ESifh oif\ aowrf;pm tarGtESpfrsm;wdkYonf oif\arQmfvifhjcif; ESifharQmfvifhxm;aom t&mtm;vHk; onfwdk;í omvGefaumif;rGefygonf/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,mufwpfvHk;wpf0 wnf;&Sdjcif;ESifh bk&m; ocif\0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; wefcdk;awmftm;jzifh oifonf ajrBuD;ay:ü c&pfawmf\arwåmawmfudk Mum;od apaomudk,fawGY 0wåKwpfyk'fa&;&ay vdrfhrnf/txuft&yfüyv’ifawmf tyfESif; jcif;cH&aom wpfyg;wnf;aom oltwGuftxl;ESpfoufarGYavsmf apjcif;jzpfonf/ xyf r H í wpf B ud r f p wif z d k Y trd e f Y a wmf o nf x d k o d k Y j zpf a om ,H k M unf pdwfcs&jcif;twGuf qE´rJjzifha&G;cs,fjcif;wpfckjzpfonf/þt&monf touf wmwpfavQmufv;kH ü&Sad om tcGit hf a&; wpfcjk zpfonf/ xyfrí H wpfBurd f pwifjcif; t"dygÜ ,frmS uREykf w f o Ykd nf a&SUodt Yk b,fojYkd zpfjcif; twGuw f nfaxmifaepOftwGi;f uREfkyfwdkY\ raeYursm;twGuf cGihfjyKapjcif;onf ,ckypöKyÜefumvü touf&Sif aexdkifMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ þae&mü uREf k y f w d k Y a zmf j yxm;aom t&mtm;vH k ; onf tqH k ; pG e f wwfEkdifjcif;&Sdaom wpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ociftwGuf uREfkyfwdkYonf wpfvHk; wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;odkY jyefvSnhfoGm;jcif;r&SdbJ aumif;aompdwful; ÓPfxufomí aumif;aom t&m&Sv d rd rfh nfr[kwaf y/ ,k'Mo0g'pmapmif 1;24-25 onfjzpfEidk af om xkdt&mtm;vHk;\ Asm'dwfawmfwpfcktwGuf uREfkyfwdkYtm; ae&mcsxm;onfrSmxdrí d vJjcif;ESiu fh if;vGwaf prnftaMumif; oifwu Ykd adk pmihf a&Smuf jcif;iSm tjypfr&SdbJ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf jynhfpHkvsuf&Sdaom oifwkdYudk bkef;to a&awmfa&SUü qufojcif;iSm ¤if;wwfEkdifawmfrlaom olwnf;[laom igwkdYukd u,fwifawmfrlaom t&Sifwqlwnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYocifa,½Ic&pftm;jzihf ,ckrSpí urÇmtqufquf bkef;awmf wefcdk;tmEkabmfawmfESihf tpGrf;owåd tmPmpuf&Sdawmfrlapownf;/ tmrif/ bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkY\ apmihfxdef;uGyfuJoljzpfonf/ wpfyg;wnf; aom olonf t&dyfvTrf;rdk;aom e,fy,ftm;vHk;rS uREfkyfwdkY\ tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ukd z,f&Sm;ay;Edkifaom bk&m;ocifjzpfonf/ olonf bkef;awmfESifhjynhf0aom tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ESifh arGUavsmjf cif;ESit fh wl uREykf w f Ykd tm; ,Hrk w S í f ay;tyfxm;onf/

325 xdaYk Mumihf uREykf w f o Ykd nf olt Y m;bke;f awmf xif&mS ;apEdik f olrsm;jzpfonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd toufwmrsm;onf aumif;rGefpGm&SifoefBuD;yGm;jcif;ESihf cspfwwfzdkYuREfkyfwdkY twGuaf Mumihf apmihq f ikd ;f aeaom olrsm;twGuf rIwo f iG ;f jcif;cH&aom owif;pum; &S i f o ef v suf & S d a om owif ; pum;rsm;jzpf o nf / aEG O D ; ayguf & moD w d k i f ; onf topfaompwif jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ aqmif;umvvGefNyD;/ rdkCf;vnf;MunfvifjyD/ ajrBuD;ay:rSmvnf; yef;rsm;yGifhMujyD/ iSufwdkY jrnfwGefoHcsdefvnf; a&mufjyD/ igwdkYajrü csdK;iSufwGefoHudkvnf; Mum;&\/ (a½SmvrkefoDcsif; 2;11-12)

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326 bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf arQmfvifhxm;jcif;rsm;taMumif; ESihf pyfvsOf;í tb,fodkYajymonfudk tm½HkjyKzdkY tcsdef,lyg tuREfkyfwdkYarQmfvifhonfxuf tHhzG,faomtrIwdkYukd jyKawmfrl aomtcg qif;oufawmfrlí awmifwdkYudka&SUawmfüvIyfMu\/ udk,fawmfudk arQmv f ifah om olwt Ykd zdt Yk vkidY mS aus;Zl;jyKawmf rlaombk&m;? ud, k af wmfrS wyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;ocifudk urÇm OD;rSpí tb,folrQ rMum;rod yg/ em;jzihfrMum; rsufpdjzihf rjrifpzl;yg/ -a[&Sm,? 64;3-4 EIwfuywfawmfukd zGihfjyjcif;onf tvif;udkay;í rvdr®maomol wdkYudk vdr®mapwwfyg\/ ynwfawmfwdkYukd tuREfkyfawmif;w tm;BuD;ojzifh EIwfukd zGihfíyef;wdkufyg\/ emrawmfukd cspfaomolwdkYü jyKawmfrlwwf onfhtwdkif; tuREfkyfudk Munhf½Ií u,fr oem;awmfrlyg/ -qm? 119-130-12 touf&Sifjcif;ESihfpyfqdkifaom arQmfvihfjcif;taMumif;&Sdap jcif;iSm azmufjyefjcif;? npfpGef;jcif;? ñdI;EGrf;apawmfrlaomtm;jzihf BuD;pGmaom u½kPmawmfESihftnD igwkdYukd wzefjzpfyGm;apawmfrl aom igwdkYocif a,½Ic&pf\ crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifonf r*Fvm&Sdawmf rlownf;/ xdt k arGawmfonfum; aemufq;kH umvü xif&mS ;apjcif;iSm jyifqifaom u,fwifjcif;odYk a&mufaprnftaMumif; ,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif \ wefc;kd awmfonf apmihaf &Smufawmfral om oifwt dYk zdYk aumif;uifbükH okdxm;vsuf&Sdaom tarGwnf;/ -1ay? 1;3-5 xm0&bk&m;onf oifwdkYüaus;Zl;jyKvdkaomiSm arQmfvihfawmfrlrnf/ u½kPmjyKvkdaomiSm csD;ajr§mufjcif;ukd cHawmfrlrnf/ taMumif;rlum; xm0&bk&m;onf w&m;aom bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl\/ udk,fawmfudk arQmfvifhaom oltaygif;wdkYonf r*Fvm&SdMu\/ -a[&Sm,? 30;18 (tm½HkjyKzdkYtwGuf xnhfoGif;xm;aom usrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf) apmapmuþpmtkyfxJü uREfkyfwdkYonf vufawGUtppftrSefw&m; r[kwfaom arQmfvifhxm;jcif;twGuf tEÅ&m,frsm;&Sdjcif;taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;xm;NyD;jzpfonf/ oifonf þusrf;ydk'frsm;rS oif,l&&Sdxm;jcif;tay: tajccHxm;í arQmfvihf

327 xm;jcif;rsm;twGuf tav;teufrSefuefaom tusdK;aus;Zl;trsdK;tpm;rsm; wpfcsdKU&SdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------tjrihjf rwfq;kH aom arQmv f ifx h m;jcif;rsm;onf bk&m;ociftBuH tpnf? bk&m;ocif \"avhp½dkuf? bk&m;ocifuwdawmfrsm;ESihf bk&m;ocif\ odjrifÓPftvif; w&m;tm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifxm;aom t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ociftwGuf rjzpfEkdifaom t&mrsm;odkYr[kwf vGefpGmcJ,Of;aom t&mrsm; wpfpHkwpfckrQr&Sday/ u 18;13-14/ róJ? 19;26? rm? 9;23-24? vk? 1;36-37? {zuf? 3;20 paom usrf;ydk'frsm;udkzwfyg/ ra&wGufEkdifawmhaom udk,fawmf\ pGr;f aqmifEidk &f nfEiS fh wefc;dk awmftaMumif;ESifh pyfvsO;f í ocifb&k m;onf oift h m; tb,fodkYjzpfaom t&mrsm; jyoxm;ygoenf;/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Munhf½Iavmh/ trIopfukd igjyKrnf/ ,ckay:vmvdrhfrnf/ tu,f pifppf awmüvrf;udk ¤if;vGijf yifüpD;aoma&ukd ¤if;igzefqif;rnf/ -a[&Sm,? 43;19 uREfkyfwdkYonf cyfodrf;aom t&mukdtopfzefqif;olwpfyg;wnf;aom bk&m;ociftm; tapcHaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ oif\tdrfaxmifjyK jcif;ü jyefvnf opfvGifapzdkY oifonfwpfpHkwpf&mudk vdkcsifoljzpfygovm;/ vufyGef;wwD; aejcif;topf? wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;topf? tdrfrufjcif; topfESihf cspfjcif; topfponfwdkYtwGuf oifonfvkdtyfaeol wpfa,muf jzpfaeygovm;/ olYtm; xkdt&mrsm;ukd awmif;cHaomtcg oifonf t&mopfwpfckjyKvkyfzdkY oif\ crnf;awmfbk&m;ukd arQmfvifhxm;Ekdifoljzpfonf/ oifonf jyefvnfopfvGifapzdkY tb,foaYkd omt&mrsm;ukd vdck sio f nfukd a&;csyg/ xdaYk emuf xdt k &mudk bk&m;ocif tm; qufuyf tyfESHNyD; qkawmif;yg/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

328

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- {zuf? 5;15?29 - {zuf? 5;21-23

- zdvdyÜd? 2;3-5 - qm? 133 - 1aum? 13;4-8

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340 5/

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