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pma&;ol rl&S cgZkatmh\ tw¬KyÜwdå trnf&if; emumrl&m cgZkatmh jzpfNyD; 2.1.16 wGif *syefEdkifiH? *Gef;rc½dkif? rwfqktD'g rmcsdü zGm;jrifonf/ touf 13ESpfwGif omoemhabmif 0ifcJhonf/ ,if;aemuf wmumqmuD ausmif;rS txufwef; atmifjrifcJhNyD; wdkusKdNrdKU&Sd udkrmZm0g wuúodkvf wGif qufvuf ynmoifMum;onf/ 1938 ckESprS pwifí ppfrIxrf; b0jzifh w½kwf jynfajrmufydkif;? zdvdydkif? rav;uRef;qG,f? xdkif;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH wpf0ef;vHk; txd wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhNyD; tdE´d, EdkifiH tifygwdkufyGJ txd yg0if cJh&onf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif *syefodkY jyefvnf www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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3

ydkYaqmifjcif; cH&onf/ *syef wyfrawmfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD; zlultd c½dkif&Sd ata[*sD bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;wGif &[ef;b0ESifh pmayusrf;*efrsm; avhvmNyD; 1947 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xdkif q&mawmf jzpfcJh onf/ 1958 ckESpf wGif bkef;awmfBuD;oif rlBudKausmif;udkpwif wnfaxmif cJhNyD; 1995 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xdkif q&mawmfESifh rlBudK ausmif;tkyf b0rS tem; ,lonf/ i,fpOfuwnf;u r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhNyD; 1956 ckESpfwGif ]] &Sifoefvsuf&Sdaom jrefrmhapmif; }} (IKITEIRU BIRUMA NO TATEGOTO)? 1971 ESpfwGif ]] jrefrmjynfu em;qGJav; }} (BIRUMA NO MIMIKAZARI) ponfh vHk;csif; 0w¬Krsm; a&;om; xkwfa0cJhonf/ ]] jrefrmjynfu em;qGJav;}} 0w¬Kjzifh udk'ef&Sm pmaywdkufrS csD;jr§ifhaom www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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uav;pmayqkudk &&SdcJhonf/ tjcm;vHk;csif; 0w¬Krsm; c&D;oGm; rSwfwrf;rsm;? okawoe pmayrsm; a&;om;jyKpkcJhNyD; ,cktcg *syef uavmif&Sifrsm; toif;tzGJY0if? *syefuav;pmay tEkynmtoif; aumfrwD0if? *Gef;rc½dkif uavmif&Sif toif; tzGJY0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/

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5

jrefrmjynfu em;qGJav; BIRUMA NO MIMI KAZARI

pma&;ol rk&S cgZkatmh (MUSHA KAZUO)

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rmwdum pmrsufESm -trSmpm 1/ va&mifatmufrSm 2/ apwDykxdk;rsm;eJY wdkif;jynf 3/ ppfcsD 4/ usm;acgif;xdyf ukef;jrifhydkifudk odrf; 5/ a>ryg;pyfpcef;eJY olaoudk,faowdkufyGJ 6/ vufwpfurf;tvdku tifzm 7/ tNidK;BuD;wJh'ku©rdk; 8/ rMum&JU em;qGJav; 9/ qkawmif; www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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trSmpm 1997 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv\ aeYwpfaeYwGif emumrl&m cgZkatmh trnf&Sd *syef Ak'¨bmom bkef;awmfBuD;wpfyg;ESifh uRefr qHkawGYcJhygonf/ q&mawmfESifh uRefrudk pmjzifh rdwfquf ay;olu tdkqmum EdkifiHjcm;bmomoif wuúodkvf? jrefrmpm ygarmu© rD'dk&D rDemrD'g? jrefrmtrnf ryef;cuf jzpfygonf/ q&mawmfu *syefEdkifiHwGif uavmtrnf rk&ScgZkatmh jzifh xif&Sm;aom pma&;q&mwpfOD;vnf; jzpfNyD; 'kwd, urÇmppf twGif;u jrefrmEdkifiHiwGif ppfrIxrf;b0jzifh ESpfESpfcGJcefY wm0ef uscJhol jzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/ ppfrI rxrf;cif b0uwnf;u omoemh0efxrf; www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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*syef ppfocFsKdif;rsm;wGif aoqHk; ppfom;rsm;twGuf rdom;pk udk,fpm; qkawmif; arwåmydkYjcif; wm0efudk qufvuf xrf;½Gufae&aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ tqdkyg wm0efjzifh jrefrmEdkifiHudk a&mufwdkif; tvSL'ge rsm;vnf; jyKvkyfNrJyif/ jyKvkyfcJhaom 'gersm;teuf ppftwGif; umvu q&mawmfwdkY acwåpcef;cscJhaom cifOD;NrdKU&Sd rlvwef;ausmif; wpfausmif;udk jyKjyifvSL'gef; jcif; 'gevnf; tygt0if jzpfonf/ uRefrxHvma&muf awGYqHkonfh udpöuawmh q&mawmf a&;om;cJhaom ]]jrefrmjynfu em;qGJav;}} 0w¬Kudk jrefrmEkdifiH wGif xkwfa0 jzefYcsd&ef udpö jzpfonf/ ppftwGif;umv jrefrmEkdifiHudk tajcjyK a&;om;xm;aom olYvuf&mudk jrefrm pmzwf y&dowf zwfapcsifonfh qE´ jyif;jyif;jyjy &SdyHk&onf/ pmayqkvnf; &&SdcJhonfh olY0w¬Kpmtkyfudk uRefrudk ay;NyD; xkwfa0cGifh&SdEdkif? r&SdEdkif ar;ygonf/ *syefpm rwwfaom uRefrrSm olay;aom pmtkyu f av; www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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udk vufuudkifNyD; bmtajzrS ray;EdkifcJh/ q&mawmf\ 0w¬KxJ bmtaMumif;awG ygrSef;vnf; uRefr rod/ 'Dawmh jrefrm bmom jyefqdkxm;csufudk zwf½INyD;rS jzpfEdkifacs &Sdr&Sdudk uRefr ajzEdkifrnf[k jyefajym&ygonf/ q&mawmfu xdktacgufwGif *syefEdkifiH&Sd jrefrmpm ygarmu© ryef;cufudk jyefqdkcdkif;rnf[k qdkí pmtkyfudk jyef,loGm;ygonf/ 1998 ckESpf arvwGif &efukefudk wpfcg jyef<uvmygonf/ olESifh twl jrefrmbmomjyef pmrlvnf; ygvmygonf/ bmom jyefay;olu *syefEdkifiH? udkab;wuúodkvfwGif bmomaA' t"dujzifh Ph.D wef; ('kwd,ESpf) wufaeNyD; tdkqmumEdkifiHjcm;bmomoif wuúodkvf? jrefrmpmXmewGif tcsdefydkif; enf;jytjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh jrefrm trsKd;orD; pkjrwfudk jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ pkjrwfudk udk ulnD ay;olu ryef;cuf/ olwEYkd pS Of ;D \ BudK;yrf;csufjzifh uRefronf q&mawmf\ 0w¬Kudk jrefrmbmomjzifh zwf½IcHpm;cGifh &awmhonf/ www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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0w¬Kudk pzwfvdkufonfESifh Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufrSm vufu rcscsifavmufatmifyif qGJaqmifEdkifvGef;onfudk awGY&onf/ jrefrmhajrtvS? jrefrmhpdwfxm;tvS? bmom a&;EG,fonfh jrefrmh ,Ofaus;rI tvSwdkYudk wdkif;wpfyg;om; tjrifjzifh jc,frIef; jyoyHkwdkYrSm MunfEl;ESpfNcdKuf 0rf;ajrmufzG,f aumif;vSayonf/ ppfumvtwGif; wu,fhjzpf&yfrSeftay: tajc cHí &oajrmufpGm a&;zGJY oDukH;xm;ojzifh 0w¬KrSm cdkifcHh av;euf rIvnf; &Sdonf/ txl;ojzifh ppf\qdk;usKd;? ppf\ ted|m½kHwdkY tay: q&mawmf\ tjrifESifh cH,lcsufwdkYrSm pl;&S xufjruf ajymifajrmufvSayonf/

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pcef;udk wdkufcdkuf odrf;ydkufa&;twGuf tm;rmef tjynfhESifh csOf;eif; 0ifa&muf vmaom *syefwyfonf arQmfvifhxm;ovdk r[kwfbJ r½IrvSESifh t½IH;BuD;½IH;um taotaysmuf ajrmufjrm;pGmESifh upOfhuvsm; qkwfajy; &yHkudk a&;om;xm;csufwdkYrSm wkefvIyf acsmufcsm;p&m? cg;oD; pufqkyfp&m aumif;vSonf/ q&mawmf\ ppfqdk;usKd;udk azmfnTef;aom OD;wnfcsufum; yDjyifpGm o½kyfay:vSayonf/ 0w¬Kudk tprS tqHk;wdkif w½dIufrufruf zwf½INyD; onfESifh q&mawmftm; uRefronf þpmtkyfudk pmay pdppfESifh rSwfyHkwifXmeodkY wifjyNyD; cGifhjyKcsuf&ygu pmtkyf jzpfajrmuf a&; udpöt00udk aqmif½Guf ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; uwd ay;cJh ygonf/ ,ckawmh pmtkyfxGufygNyD/ q&mawmf\ qE´vnf; jynfhygNyD/ ordkif;wGif trSefwu,f jzpfcJhaomtaMumif;&yfrsm; ESifhtwl wyfMuyf zluk&Sdrm;trnf&Sd *syef eif;*sm;wpfOD;ESifh www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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va&mifatmufrSm 1994 ckESpf rwfvtpydkif; jzpfw,f/ tdE´d,EdkifiHwGif;u tifzmppfpcef;udk odrf;zdkYtwGuf jrefrmjynf&JU taemufajrmufydkif; e,fajrrSm ppftiftm; pkaeNyD; uRefawmfwdkY wyfzGJY&JU wdkufppfqif&r,fh tcsdefu vnf; wjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvdkYvmaeygNyD;/ ]]rMumcif tdEd´,udk csDwufr,f/ igwdkY bDvl;wyfzGJY&JU tiftm;udk tpGrf;ukefjyzdkY tcsdefwefNyD/ tcktcsdefupNyD; igwdkY trdwdkif;jynf *syefudk aemufqHk;taeeJY EIwfqufMu? pdwfudkjzwfMu}} toHu edrfhNyD; jywfw,f/ 'gayr,fh MoZmeJY tiftm; www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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ygwJh bDvl;eDwyfzGJYrª;&JU wdkawmif;wJh ppfrdefYoHu xGufay: vmygw,f/ aeYv,fcif;[m ylw,fqdkayr,fh jrefrmjynf ajrmufydkif;&JU ncsrf;u at;jrvdkYaew,f/ avwdkuf&if xef;&GufawGu w&SJ&SJjrnfovdk taemufbufudk enf;enf; apmif;aew,fvdkY xif&wJh vjcrf;u ajrjyifwpf0ef;udk cyfazsmhazsmh tvif;a&mif ay;aew,f/ ]]aoewf-jyif}} wyfcGJrª;&JU trdefYay;oH edrfhjywfjywf tqHk;rSm wdwfqdwfp jyKaewJh ywf0ef;usif wpfcGifvHk; aoewf udkifoH xdoHawGu cyfwdk;wdk; xGufay:vmw,f/ rdk;aumif;uifukd xdk;awmhra,mif axmifrwfaewJh vSHpGyf aoewf &JU xdyfzsm;udk opfyifawGMum;rS jzmusvmwJh va&mifvmxdwJhtcg wpfcsufwpfcsuf vufceJ jzpfoGm; wmu wif;rm cufxefwJh tajctaexJrSmawmif vSae ovdkvdk cHpm;vdkufrdw,f/ ]]aoewf-ajr§muf}} www.facebook.com/NyisayEbookCreator

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