ENGLISH
VERB GRAMMAR
BOOK For
Martinus Kanisius
English Verb Grammar Book
PROLOGUE Selecting the correct verb tense and conjugating verbs correctly is tricky in English. I’ve compiled this verb grammar book from ef.com to help you learn and understand efficiently in order to tackle verb grammar much more easily. Below is the list of grammar points that the book will cover: Present Tenses in English Simple past tense Present continuous tense Past Tenses in English Simple past tense
They walk home. They are walking home. Peter lived in China in 1965. I was reading when she arrived.
Past continuous tense Perfect Tenses in English Present perfect tense
I have lived here since 1987. I have been living here for years. We had been to see her several times before she visited us. He had been watching her for some time when she turned and smiled. We will have arrived in the States by the time you get this letter. By the end of your course, you will have been studying for five years.
Present perfect continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Future perfect Future perfect continuous
1
PROLOGUE Future Tenses in English Simple future tense
They will go to Italy next week. I will be travelling by train.
Future continuous tense Conditional Tenses in English Zero conditional Type 1 conditional Type 2 conditional
If ice gets hot it melts. If he is late I will be angry. If he was in Australia he would be getting up now. She would have visited me if she had had time. I would be playing tennis if I hadn’t broken my arm.
Type 3 conditional Mixed conditional The -ing forms in English Gerund Present participle
I like swimming. She goes running every morning.
Infinitives Passive voice
Don’t worry, we’re going to learn these grammars one by one. Remember, patience is a virtue! Good luck on your study!
2
English Verb Grammar Book
CHAPTER 1: PRESENT TENSES There are four present tenses in English. Use the present tense to talk about something that is going on now or that is true now and any time. • Simple present to express habits and general truths. • Present continuous to talk about an action happening now. • Present perfect for repeated actions, actions where the time is not important, and actions that began in the past but are not finished yet. • Present perfect continuous to talk about ongoing actions where both the process and the result are important.
A. Simple Present Tense The simple present tense is one of several forms of present tense in English. It is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements. The simple present tense is simple to form. Just use the base form of the verb: (I take, you take, we take, they take) The 3rd person singular takes an -s at the end. (he takes, she takes) The simple present tense is used: • To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth) • To give instructions or directions: You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left. 3
CHAPTER 1: Present Tenses • To express fixed arrangements, present or future: Your exam starts at 09.00 • To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until: He’ll give it to you when you come next Saturday. Be careful! The simple present is not used to express actions happening now. Examples For habits He drinks tea at breakfast. She only eats fish. They watch television regularly. For repeated actions or events We catch the bus every morning. It rains every afternoon in the hot season. They drive to Monaco every summer. For general truths Water freezes at zero degrees. The Earth revolves around the Sun. Her mother is Peruvian. For instructions or directions Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water. You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
4
English Verb Grammar Book For fixed arrangements His mother arrives tomorrow. Our holiday starts on the 26th March With future constructions She’ll see you before she leaves. We’ll give it to her when she arrives. Notes on the simple present, third person singular • In the third person singular the verb always ends in -s: he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks. • Negative and question forms use DOES (= the third person of the auxiliary ‘DO’) + the infinitive of the verb. He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla. • Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies: fly --> flies, cry --> cries Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y: play --> plays, pray --> prays • Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch: he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes Examples He goes to school every morning. She understands English. It mixes the sand and the water. He tries very hard. She enjoys playing the piano.
5
Source
SOURCE http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/verbs/
6