Pam_¥n

dh\yq DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff A[n-Imcw

1960˛se Zn tIcf F≥Iz-b-dokv B≥Uv ka≥kkv BIvSnse 2˛mw hIp∏v {]Imcw em≥Uv dh\yq IΩo-j-W¿, If-IvS¿am¿, sU]yq´n If-IvS¿am¿, B¿.-Un.H.-am¿, Xl-kn¬Zm¿am¿, sU]yq´n Xl-kn¬Zm¿am¿ F∂n-h¿°v At\z-j--WØns‚ `mK-ambn XßfpsS A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bn-ep-ff GsXmcp hy‡n-sbbpw _‘-s∏´ tcJ-I-fp-ambn lmP-cmIp-∂-Xn\v D-Ø-chv \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Pam_¥n

em≥Uv dh\yq hIp∏n¬ hnt√PpXeØn¬ \SØnhcp∂ hm¿jnI apX¬ \n¿Æb ]cntim[\bmWv Pam_¥n. Pam_¥n F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w ‘apX¬ \n¿Æbw’ F∂mWv. BZyImeØv BsI CuSmt°≠ XpIIƒ CuSm°m\p≈ ]cntim[\bmWv \SØnh∂ncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ XpS¿∂v ]ncnhv \S]SnIfpw JP\mhn¬ HSp°phcpØp∂ XpIIfpsS hnhcßfpw ]cntim[\bv°p hnt[bam°n h∂p. hnt√Pn¬ FgpXn Xøm¿ sNøp∂ hnhn[ cPnÃdpIfpw A°u≠pIfpw ImenIamb DØchn\pw am‰ßƒ°pw hnt[bambn Xn´s∏SpØnbmWv apX¬ \n¿Æb/]ncnhv/_m°n ]cntim[\ \SØnhcp∂Xv. Pn√m IfIvStdm, Pn√m IfIvS¿°p th≠n Pn√mIfIvS¿ A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ a‰p dh\yq DtZymKÿ∑mtcm \SØp∂ hm¿jnI hnt√Pv Hm^okv ]cntim[\bmWv Pam_¥n. C°meØv hnt√Pn¬ \n¿∆ln°p∂ F√mØcw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw Cu ]cntim[\bv°v hnt[bam°mdp≠v. kmº-ØnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ hm¿jnI BUn‰v BWv Pam-_-¥n. BI-bm¬ Pam-_¥n dn°m¿Up-Iƒ th≠{X IrXy-X-tbmSpw kq£va-X-tbmSpw IqSn Xøm-dm°n kq£n-°p-hm≥ hnt√Pv Hm^o-k¿ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. tIcf em≥Uv dh\yq am\z¬ hmeyw˛VI˛¬ 26˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn-¬ Pam-_-¥n-sb-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. hnt√Pntebpw, Xmeq°ntebpw hnhn[ A°u≠pIfpw cPnÃdpIfpw kq£va ]cntim[\ \SØn Ah XΩn¬ HØpt\m°n X∂m≠n¬ em≥Uv dh\yq hIp∏v NpaØnbn´p≈ F√m \nIpXnIfpw hnt√Pv IW°n¬ tN¿Øn´pt≠msb∂pw, Sn \nIpXnIƒ k¿°mcns‚ _‘s∏´ A°u≠n¬ HSp°nbn´pt≠msb∂pw ÿncoIcn°pI sb∂XmIp∂p Pam_¥n sIm≠v Dt±in°p∂Xv. CXn\mbn \ntbmKn°s∏Sp∂ DtZymKÿ¿ _‘s∏´ Pam_¥n Hm^okdpsS \n¿t±i{]Imcw {]h¿Ønt°≠XmIp∂p. ]cntim[\ kabw _‘s∏´ Xmeq°nse apX¬]ncnhp cPnÃdpIƒ, ckoXp ]pkvXIßfpsS tÃm°v cPnÿ apXemb cPnÃdpIƒ ]cntim[\ \S°p∂ hnt√Pv B^okn¬ sIm≠p htc≠XmWv. Pam_¥n B^okdpsS ]cntim[\bv°p apºmbn _‘s∏´ Xmeq°v Hm^okn¬ \n∂pw {]mYanI ]cntim[\ \SØpIbpw, A°u≠pIƒ, cPnÃdpIƒ, XhWapS°w F∂nh icnbmb coXnbn¬ tcJs∏SpØepIƒ hcpØnbn´ps≠∂pw Dd∏p hcpØWw. F√m cPnÃdpIfnepw A°u≠pIfnepw Xlkn¬Zm¿ (F¬. B¿), hnt√Pv Hm^ok¿ F∂nh¿ H∏nSWw. Pam_¥n ]cntim[\ hfsc IrXyXtbmsS sNtø≠XmWv. ]cntim[\bn¬ I≠p ]nSn°msX hcp∂ ]nghpIƒ ]n∂oSv Kuchamb Ip‰ambn Xocmhp∂XmWv. AXn\m¬ Cu Hcp t_m[ytØmsS thWw ]cntim[\ Bcw`nt°≠Xv. ]cntim[\bv°p apºmbn Xtebm≠nse XhWapS°hpw, Pam_¥n Ãm≥tU¿Uv