Analysis of Bibliometrics information for selecting the best field of study by Nader Ale Ebrahim

Analysis of Bibliometrics information for selecting the best field of study Nader Ale Ebrahim, PhD Visiting Research Fellow Research Support Unit Centre for Research Services Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

aleebrahim@um.edu.my @aleebrahim www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009 http://scholar.google.com/citations 15th June 2016

All of my presentations are available online at: https://figshare.com/authors/Nader_Ale_Ebrahim/100797 Link to this presentation: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1621261.v3

(New version)

3rd SERIES OF INTRODUCTORY WORKSHOP ON:

Strategies to Enhance Research Visibility, Impact & Citations Nader Ale Ebrahim, PhD ===================================== Research Support Unit Centre for Research Services Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009 http://scholar.google.com/citations Read more: 1. Ale Ebrahim, N., Salehi, H., Embi, M. A., Habibi Tanha, F., Gholizadeh, H., Motahar, S. M., & Ordi, A. (2013). Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency. International Education Studies, 6(11), 93-99. doi: 10.5539/ies.v6n11p93 2. Ale Ebrahim, Nader. "Optimize Your Article for Search Engine." University of Malaya Research Bulletin 2.1 (2014): 38-39.

Abstract Abstract: Bibliometrics can be defined as the statistical analysis of publications. Bibliometrics has focused on the quantitative analysis of citations and citation counts which is complex. It is so complex and specialized that personal knowledge and experience are insufficient tools for understanding trends for making decisions. We need tools for analysis of Bibliometrics information for select the best field of study with promising enough attention. This presentation will provide tools to discover the new trends in our field of study in order to select an area for research and publication which promising the highest research impact.

Keywords: H-index, Improve citations, Research tools, Bibliometrics, Research Visibility, Research Impact ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Mind Map

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency Journal Reputation and Impact: publishing a paper in a journal based on disciplinary reputatation or with a high impact factor is the most well known way of getting your paper cited. But there are many other things a scholar can do to promote his or her work and make it easy for others to find. Utilize Open Access Tools: Open Access journals tend to be cited more than non open access. Deposit your paper in a repository such as Scholars Archive here on campus or a disciplinary repository. Share your detailed research data in a repository. Standarize Identifying Info: try to use the same name throughout your career as well as the name of your affiliated insitution. Using common "official" names will allow for consistency and easy retrieval of your work by author or affiliation. Bring Colleagues on Board: team-authored articles are cited more frequently, as does publishing with international authors. Working cross-or inter-disciplinarily helps as well. Beef Up That Paper: use more references, publish a longer paper. Also papers which are published elsewhere after having been rejected are cited more frequently. Beyond Peer-Reviewed Original Research: Write a review paper. Present a working paper. Write and disseminate web-based tutorials on your topic. Search Optimization: use keywords in the abstract and assign them to the manuscript. Use descriptive titles that utilize the obvious terms searchers would use to look for your topic, avoiding questions in the title. Select a journal that is indexed in the key library databases for your field. Market Yourself: create a key phrase that describes your research career and use it. Update your professional web page and publication lists frequently. Link to your latest and greatest article in your professional email signature file. Utliize Social Media: Use author profiles such as ResearcherID and ORCID. Contribute to Wikipedia, start a blog and/or podcast, join academic social media sites. From: Ebrahim, N.A., et al. (2013). Effective strategies for increasing citation frequency. International Education Studies, 6(11), 93-99. doi:10.5539/ies.v6n11p93 ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Top 10 authors with the highest profile view counts on ResearchGate

Source: Martín-Martín, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Ayllón, J. M., & López-Cózar, E. D. (2016). The counting house, measuring those who count: Presence of Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Informetrics, Webometrics and Altmetrics in Google Scholar Citations, ResearcherID, ResearchGate, Mendeley, & Twitter. EC3 Reseach Group: Evaluación de la Ciencia y de la Comunicación Científica Universidad de Granada and Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (Spain), In Progress,. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4814.4402

World Report

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

From submission to sharing: the life cycle of an article • • • • •

Phase 1: Conception and birth Phase 2: Submission Phase 3: Reviewers Phase 4: Production and publication Phase 5: Dissemination and archiving – The article is published, but its life cycle isn’t yet complete. In this phase, dissemination can start; sharing the Share Links article helps increase readership and make it more visible.

Source: https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers-update/home/featured-article/from-submission-to-sharing-the-life-cycle-of-an-article

Introduction of bibliometrics • Bibliometrics can be defined as the quantitative analysis of science and technology performance and the cognitive and organizational structure of science and technology. • Basic for these analyses is the scientific communication between scientists through (mainly) journal publications. • Key concepts in bibliometrics are output and impact, as measured through publications and citations. • Important starting point in bibliometrics: scientists express, through citations in their scientific publications, a certain degree of influence of others on their own work. • By large scale quantification, citations indicate influence or (inter)national visibility of scientific activity, but should not be interpreted as synonym for ‘quality’. Source: Thed van Leeuwen, (2010) Application of bibliometric analysis: Advantages & pitfalls, Workshop on Research Evaluation in Statistical Sciences , Bologna, 25th March 2010

Informetrics, scientometrics, bibliometrics, webometrics, cybermetrics and altmetrics Bibliographies – largely references

Whole Internet, cyberspace

Science of Science

Informetrics

Bibliometrics Cybermetrics

Web presence, visibility and impact – links, pages, documents

Scientometrics

Altmetrics Webometrics

Alternative metrics – views, downloads, web citations, etc

Source: Onyancha, Omwoyo Bosire. "Can informetrics shape biomedical research? A case study of the HIV/AIDS research in sub-Saharan Africa ." Inkanyiso: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6.1 (2014): 49-65.

Frequently Used Terms for Research Evaluation Metrics

Source: Das, A.-K. (2015). Research Evaluation Metrics. 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reasons for bibliometric studies • Understanding of patterns – discovery of regularities, behavior – “order out of documentary chaos” [Bradford, 1948]

• Analysis of structures & dynamics – discovery of connections, relations, networks – search for regularities - possible predictions

• Discovery of impacts, effects • relation between entities & amounts of their various uses

– providing support for making of decisions, policies Source: https://comminfo.rutgers.edu/~tefko/Courses/e530/Lectures/Lecture09%20Bibliometric%20searching.ppt

Use of evaluative bibliometrics • Academic, research & government institutions for: – – – –

promotion and tenure, hiring, salary raising decisions for support of departments, disciplines grants decision; research policy making visualization of scholarly networks, identifying key contributions & contributors – monitoring scholarly developments – determining journal citation impact

• Resource allocation: – identifying authors most worthy of support; – research areas most worthy of funding – journals most worthy of support or purchase; etc. Source: https://comminfo.rutgers.edu/~tefko/Courses/e530/Lectures/Lecture09%20Bibliometric%20searching.ppt

Applications of Scientometrics and Bibliometrics in Research Evaluation • For Institution/ Collaborative Research Group • For a scientist: – Mapping of collaborations, collaborating institutions, collaborating countries, co-authors, highly cited papers, top publishing journals, percentage of cited vs. uncited papers, percentage of self-citations, author-level indicators such as hindex, i10-index, etc.

• For a country • For a journal Source: Das, A.-K. (2015). Research Evaluation Metrics. 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Major Citation Databases

Source: Das, A.-K. (2015). Research Evaluation Metrics. 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) •

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was founded by Eugene Garfield in 1960. It was acquired by Thomson Scientific & Healthcare in 1992, became known as Thomson ISI and now is part of the Healthcare & Science business of the multi-billion dollar Thomson Reuters Corporation.

•

ISI offered bibliographic database services. Its speciality: citation indexing and analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield. It maintains citation databases covering thousands of academic journals, including a continuation of its long time print-based indexing service the Science Citation Index (SCI), as well as the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). All of these are available via ISI's Web of Knowledge database service.

Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI) has been the authority on citation data for over 50 years. Science Citation Index

1960

1965

1970

WOK 4.0

Arts & Humanities Citation Index

Social Sciences Citation Index

1975

1980

ISI Web of Knowledge

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

SciSearch PC-based citation sets Custom citation projects and national indicators mainframe

Essential Science Indicators PC-based Indicators for journals, nations, institutions

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Century of Science TS Innovation

Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Founder & Chairman Emeritus Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) For more Info

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) â&#x20AC;˘

The ISI also publishes annual Journal Citation Reports which list an impact factor for each of the journals that it tracks. Within the scientific community, journal impact factors play a large but controversial role in determining the kudos attached to a scientist's published research record.

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Scopus (Launched 2004) â&#x20AC;˘ Scopus is the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. Delivering a comprehensive overview of the world's research output in the fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, and arts and humanities, Scopus features smart tools to track, analyze and visualize research. â&#x20AC;˘ As research becomes increasingly global, interdisciplinary and collaborative, you can make sure that critical research from around the world is not missed when you choose Scopus. Source: http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

A Comparison between Two Main Academic Literature Collections: Web of Science and Scopus Databases

Source: Aghaei Chadegani, Arezoo and Salehi, Hadi and Yunus, Melor Md and Farhadi, Hadi and Fooladi, Masood and Farhadi, Maryam and Ale Ebrahim, Nader, A Comparison between Two Main Academic Literature Collections: Web of Science and Scopus Databases (April 7, 2013). Asian Social Science, Vol. ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim 9, No. 5, pp. 18-26, April 27, 2013. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2257540

Author Level Indicators

Source: Das, A.-K. (2015). Research Evaluation Metrics. 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

CHECK YOUR SCORE • • • • • • • •

Citations as a proxy of scientific impact Visibility Relevance

Quality

Scientific impact

Citations

Reputation Random factors

Source: Martijn S. Visser, (2012) Measuring UNL Research: The use and interpretation of bibliometric indicators, Lisbon, 29 June 2012

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

H and g-index

Number of Citations

H-index Example

20 Jorge E. Hirsch

H-index

Scholar A

Scholar A 10 10 9 8 7 6 6

Scholar B

0 1 2 Article Number

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim Source: http://www.slideshare.net/librarian68/overview-of-citation-metrics

56 citations 6 h-index

Scholar B 27 12 5 4 4 2 2 56 citations 4 h-index

A new phenomenon

224

Numbers of published papers on the h-index

Papers

173

145

Source: Rowlands, I. (2013). The h-index. Friend or Foe? 2nd Bibliometrics in Libraries Meeting: The Open University.

115

31 19 6 Source: Scopus 2005 2006July 2013 2007

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

A scientist has index h if h of his/her Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np-h) papers have no more than h citations each.

Source: http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/content.php?pid=372347&sid=3050052

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

h-index importance “Hirsch, who has a h-index of 49, says that a "successful scientist" will have an index of 20 after 20 years; an "outstanding scientist" will have an index of 40 after 20 years; and a "truly unique individual" will have an index of 60 after 20 years.”

Source: Rousseau, Ronald. "New developments related to the Hirsch index." (2006).

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Normalized citation metrics put citation information in context Citation rates vary among fields. What is good or average in mathematics is very different from what is good or average in biochemistry.

23.3 cites/paper H-index: 13

14.5 cites/paper H-index: 7

9.8 cites/paper H-index: 7

4.2 cites/paper H-index: 3

Source: Ann Kushmerick (May 3, 2013), Bibliometric Analysis Tools for Research Portfolio Analysis and Management, Manager, Research Evaluation and Bibliometric Data

Nader Ale Ebrahim

All three publication lists have a Hirsch Index of 5 Author 1 Author 2 Author 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

30 10 8 6 5 1 0

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

H=? 5

30 10 8 6 5 4 4 4 4

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 H=? 5

100 70 8 6 5 1 0

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

H=? 5

Different bibliometric distributions have the same H-Index

Source: Henk F. Moed, (2011) â&#x20AC;&#x153;New developments in electronic publishing and bibliometricsâ&#x20AC;?, CWTS, Leiden University, Netherlands & Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Targeted advertising

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Predicting scientific success

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Subject Bubble Chart - US

Technology Management and Virtual Teams

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Bibliometrics

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SCOPUS - Analyze author output

SciVal - Elsevier Research Intelligence

ÂŠ2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

DATA DRILL DOWN: CITATION TRENDS Users can view citation trends for any entity in the rankings list. For example, if the user clicks on the name CHINESE ACAD SCI:

Source: MASSIMILIANO CARLONI (2014) THE NEW JCR, Journal Citation Reports on INCITES, Strategic Business Manager, Thomson Reuters

DATA DRILL DOWN: CITATION TRENDS They will be taken to the Citation Trends Page for the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which shows a trend graph, normalized citation data, and raw citation data:

Source: MASSIMILIANO CARLONI (2014) THE NEW JCR, Journal Citation Reports on INCITES, Strategic Business Manager, Thomson Reuters

Practical Advice • Find out what’s Hot – http://info.scopus.com/topcited/ – http://top25.sciencedirect.com/

• Find the trends of the subject area – Search tips (including alerts) – Journals, authors, publications per year (Scopus)

• Evaluate which journal is right for your article – – – – –

Impact Factor Subject Specific Impact Factor (http://tinyurl.com/scopusimpact) SCImago Journal & Country Ranking (http://scimagojr.com/) Journal Analyzer h-Index

• Find out more about the journals – Who are the editors? – Guide for authors – Article of the future http://beta.cell.com/erickson/ Source:

How To Get Your Article Published: From title to references, From

submission to revision Presented by: Anthony Newman, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Birmingham, Nov. 2010

Your paper is worthless if no one reads, uses, or cites it

A research study is meaningful only if… • it is clearly described, so • someone else can use it in his/her studies • it arouses other scientists’ interest and • allows others to reproduce the results. By submitting a manuscript you are basically trying to sell your work to your community… ©2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Source:

How To Get Your Article Published: From title to references, From

submission to revision Presented by: Anthony Newman, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Birmingham, Nov. 2010

Positive correlation between downloads and citations partly due to the effect of citations upon downloads

Source: Henk F. Moed, (2011) â&#x20AC;&#x153;New developments in electronic publishing and bibliometricsâ&#x20AC;?, CWTS, Leiden University, Netherlands & Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Age distribution of citations to Arxiv and non-ArXiv papers 0.10

in ArXiv-CM

0.09

Not in ArXiv-CM

0.08

3 per. Mov. Avg. (in ArXiv-CM) 3 per. Mov. Avg. (Not in ArXiv-CM)

Cites per Paper

0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03

Move curve by 6 months to the right

0.02 0.01 0.00 0

Months after ©2016-2017 NaderPublication Ale Ebrahim Date Source: Henk F. Moed, (2011) “New developments in electronic publishing and bibliometrics”, CWTS, Leiden University, Netherlands & Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Citations lead to downloads [Moed, J. Am Soc Inf Sci Techn, 2005]

DOWNLOADS

1000

Paper B published; it cites A

A Paper C B (B cites A) published; (C citesA A and and B)B itCcites

100

Paper 10 A published

Download of A increases

1 0

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

AGE PAPER A (MONTHS)

Source: Henk F. Moed, (2011) “New developments in electronic publishing and bibliometrics”, CWTS, Leiden University, Netherlands & Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands

RELATIVE IMPACT AGAINST JOURNAL AVERAGE Search publications by: - Journal - Document type - Year

Source: Rachel Mangan, (2010), WEB OF KNOWLEDGE UPDATE TRAINING, MIMAS

RELATIVE IMPACT AGAINST JOURNAL AVERAGE Citation report shows an average of 7.81 citations per paper for that journal, year and document type

Source: Rachel Mangan, (2010), WEB OF KNOWLEDGE UPDATE TRAINING, MIMAS

RELATIVE IMPACT AGAINST JOURNAL AVERAGE So our paper was cited 22/7.81 = 2.82 times the average

We call this journal actual versus expected cites

Source: Rachel Mangan, (2010), WEB OF KNOWLEDGE UPDATE TRAINING, MIMAS

RESEARCH SUPPORT UNIT (RSU) CENTRE FOR RESEARCH SERVICES RESEARCH MANAGEMENT & INNOVATION COMPLEX (IPPP) UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

Questions? E-mail: aleebrahim@um.edu.my Twitter: @aleebrahim www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009 http://scholar.google.com/citations Nader Ale Ebrahim, PhD ===================================== Research Support Unit Centre for Research Services Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009 http://scholar.google.com/citations Â©2016-2017 Nader Ale Ebrahim

References 1. Thed van Leeuwen, (2010) Application of bibliometric analysis: Advantages & pitfalls, Workshop on Research Evaluation in Statistical Sciences , Bologna, 25th March 2010 2. Onyancha, Omwoyo Bosire. "Can informetrics shape biomedical research? A case study of the HIV/AIDS research in sub-Saharan Africa ." Inkanyiso: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6.1 (2014): 49-65. 3. Das, A.-K. (2015). Research Evaluation Metrics. 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 4. Aghaei Chadegani, Arezoo and Salehi, Hadi and Yunus, Melor Md and Farhadi, Hadi and Fooladi, Masood and Farhadi, Maryam and Ale Ebrahim, Nader, A Comparison between Two Main Academic Literature Collections: Web of Science and Scopus Databases (April 7, 2013). Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 18-26, April 27, 2013. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2257540 5. Ann Kushmerick (May 3, 2013), Bibliometric Analysis Tools for Research Portfolio Analysis and Management, Manager, Research Evaluation and Bibliometric Data 6. Henk F. Moed, (2011) “New developments in electronic publishing and bibliometrics”, CWTS, Leiden University, Netherlands & Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands 7. MASSIMILIANO CARLONI (2014) THE NEW JCR, Journal Citation Reports on INCITES, Strategic Business Manager, Thomson Reuters 8. Rachel Mangan, (2010), WEB OF KNOWLEDGE UPDATE TRAINING, MIMAS 9. Ale Ebrahim, Nader, Introduction to the Research Tools Mind Map (June 14, 2013). Research World, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 1-3,. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2280007 10. Akhavan, P., Ale Ebrahim, N., Fetrati, M. A., & Pezeshkan, A. (2016). Major trends in knowledge management research: a bibliometric study. Scientometrics 1-16. doi:10.1007/s11192-016-1938-x 11. Shakiba, M., Ale Ebrahim, N., Danaee, M., Bakhtiyari, K., & Sundararajan, E. (2016). A Comprehensive Comparison of Educational Growth within Four Different Developing Countries between 1990 and 2012. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado, 6(3), 152-174. doi:10.7769/gesec.v6i3.486 12. Martín-Martín, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Ayllón, J. M., & López-Cózar, E. D. (2016). The counting house, measuring those who count: Presence of Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Informetrics, Webometrics and Altmetrics in Google Scholar Citations, ResearcherID, ResearchGate, Mendeley, & Twitter. EC3 Reseach Group: Evaluación de la Ciencia y de la Comunicación Científica Universidad de Granada and Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (Spain), In Progress,. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4814.4402 13. Müller, A. M., Ansari, P., Ale Ebrahim, N., & Khoo, S. (2015). Physical Activity and Aging Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal Of Aging And Physical Activity In Press. doi:10.1123/japa.2015-0188 14. Maghami, M., Navabi Asl, S., Rezadad, M. i., Ale Ebrahim, N., & Gomes, C. (2015). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Solar hydrogen Generation Literature From 2001 to 2014. Scientometrics 105(2), 759-771. : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1730-3