Beyond the Mall Research Publication 2021 by Nadine Freijah

beyond the mall

the future of the shopping centre as a multi-functional precinct

masters of architecture studio, semester 1 2021 tutors: katherine sundermann & william priestley

Acknowledgements

Introduction to Project Brief

Studio Leaders

Research Questions

Literature Review

Exemplar Precincts

Interface Studies

Site Analysis

Conclusion

References / Resources

contents

acknowledgements Devoted to exploring the possible future of the shopping centre, this book comprises research of architecture students of Monash University. Firstly,we would like to acknowledge and pay respect to the Wathaurong people of the Kulin Nations, the traditional owners of the land of Geelong. We acknowledge Aboriginal connection to material and creative practice on these lands for more than 60,000 years, and celebrate their enduring presence and knowledge. We would also like to thank our tutors Katherine Sundermann and Will Priestley for providing us with the platform to discuss the potential roles a shopping centre could play. In addition, we would also like to thank the guest speakers for taking the time out of their busy schedule to enr

ich our knowledge by providing lecture sessions throughout the semester.

introduction to the project brief In response to the steady decline of conventional retail, the studio ‘Beyond the Mall’ seeks to explore solutions with a real-world focus on two sites within central Geelong - Market Square and Westfield. These sites are currently being reviewed for redevelopment potential and offer a once-in-a-generation opportunity to shape the future of central Geelong. This studio will introduce students directly to the key industry groups and stakeholders such as DELWP, City of Greater Geelong, Lendlease and Scentre to understand the opportunities and challenges as well as an international field of architectural firms including MGS Architects (VIC), SITELAB (USA) and BURA (Netherlands) to gain a holistic understanding of best practice shopping centre and urban regeneration projects. The studio will propose a vision and urban framework for this redeveloped precinct of Geelong that responds to real world needs of the city before further refining the work into one or more architectural interventions within the

precinct.

studio leaders KATHERINE SUNDERMANN Katherine Sundermann is an Associate Director at MGS architects and writes for Architecture Australia and Assemble Papers. Katherine has worked as both architect and urban designer across her career and has practiced throughout Australia, Germany and the Netherlands. Throughout her roles, she has pursued a passion for crafting more diverse and inclusive neighbourhoods through ‘deliberative development’ models. Throughout her seven years at MGS, she has lead masterplan projects ranging from universities to housing precincts and sought to pursue the ‘Dutch Approach’ to the local urbanism context.

WILL PRIESTLEY

Will Priestly currently works at MGS Architects, having recently returned from Netherlands where he worked both at West8 and Bura. Will has also worked on designing Google’s first planned neighbourhood in Silicon Valley California. Prior to these accomplishments, he was educated at the University of Melbourne where he completed both a ‘Bachelor of Urban Planning and Development’ and a’ Masters of Architecture’ before working as an urban planner at both Knox and Kingston city councils. Will aims to find innovative and aspirational solutions to complex urban problems drawing on his experience in Australia and the Netherlands.

our studio team OLIVIA BESIM

NADINE FREIJAH

KEITH YI HONG LIM

How can we bring elements of the beach into the central of geelong?

How can affordable, social housing enable resident empowerment, community engagement and shape the city’s urban fabric?

Can a shift from car-centric design to multi-mode (public transport, laneways,footpaths) play a role in reinvigorating the mall and connecting it to its surrounding urban context?

KATHERINE KERR BRADLEY

JESSICA CATHCART

BRAHN JESSE SMILLIEFEARN

By creating a framework for a sustainable urban hub, how can the site of the shopping centre serve as a strategy for the wider community to bring long term local resilience?

Can walkway / laneway become heart of shopping centre’ design for it to become everyday-use by the public?

EDWARD CAVARSAN

GRISHM GANATRA

JESSIE TRAN

How can we bridge the gap between private residential and public spaces, by making it more accessible and enticing from the street front?

What can be done to reinstate the site of Westfield Geelong as the central hub for Geelong city, deviating attention back from the Waterfront and onto the site again?

How can we collectively integrate the shopping mall and work environment to improve the overall wellbeing of individuals while creating a balance between a work and leisure lifestyle?

ALI HASHEMIAN

JAMES KENDALL

JINYI WU

How can we merge and remove the gap between work and entertainment, where a workspace is not an isolated environment and still connected to other elements of everyday life?

How can emerging technologies assist brick and mortar retailers to compete with online trade?

How would people be pleasant to enjoy their in/outdoor shopping time without the large usage of air conditioning due to climate change?

Can we design better public spaces if we put accessibility and minority groups first?

JADELINE SIEW YII YEO

Can the shopping centre have a life after retail hours?

How can we successfully integrate the DNA of Geelong into the space by involving the collective community as cocurators of the space?

DARREN JUN XIONG TANG

DANNY CHONG

How can altering, limiting and creating access to a highly urbanised site, help to activate/reinvigorate underutilized spaces?

Can we design a user oritentated mall that is tailored to the local needs?

KATE WANG

HELENA MORETTI

In future shopping mall of Geelong, what types of retails and entertainment are required by staffs and retailers?

To overcome housing poverty, can Westfield Geelong facilitate a social change, supporting the most vulnerable of community members?

BRIAN YOUN

YILU QI

How can public space and mobility systems - pedestrian path / public transports maximise, the idea of ‘heart of community’, while co-exists with the retails?

How can shopping mall become more diversified and engaged with more social and public places to meet all age groups’ needs?

DANIELLE POZZEBON

guest presenters / workshops Laura Crescimano / Principal at SiteLab Urban Studio Alexis Kalagas / Urban Strategy Lead at Relative Projects & leads an advanced architecture studies unit at MADA Stephen Choi / Living Building Challenge Manager at Frasers Property Jonathan Daly / Manager, Urban Design and Heritage + City Design Champion (UNESCO)

Jennifer Cromarty / CEO of Committee of Geelong

laura crescimano Principal at SiteLab Urban Studio

To begin this studio, we were fortunate enough to receive a lecture from Laura Crescimano (from SITELAB) who shared her thoughts on the evolving situation of public spaces in the US. She spoke on such topics as that Architects don’t arrive often in the design process until late in the picture, which is problematic for such occasions as when malls become used as public spaces and not enough attention has been paid as to their design for such uses. Laura highlighted the active and vibrant nature of spaces such as the open aired Lakeside Village shopping precinct in Florida and the Stonestown Galleria in San Fransisco.

Google Framework Plan

When speaking of her current works on the Google Suburb, she spoke of how the distinction needed to be drawn between this and places such as Apples HQ. The latter is a closed exclusive building and does not engender a community spirit but distinct ‘us and them’ or ‘in or out’ mentality. The google Suburb needed to feature community integration so that it becomes a city within a city and had a positive social impact on the wider San Francisco area as an extension to the city rather than an elite campus.

Laura then answered some questions, regarding the amount of public involvement and the importance of community activists in making sure that the space was created with a community focus. Attention to the project was fostered through events such as videos, public walkthroughs and also information booths at other public events. Throughout her presentation, Laura highlighted the importance of reducing a complex system down to a simple diagram to draw out the essence of a proposal. Additionally, she spoke of the importance to integrate with the existing natural spaces in order to create a better end result than simply imposing a structure upon a landscape.

5M Project

alexis kalagas

Urban Strategy Lead at Relative Projects & leads an advanced architecture studies unit at MADA Alexis spoke to us on the topic of the history and evolution of the shopping Mall and the original design concept of Victor Gruen to become the modern answer to the Medieval village square as shown in his original Southdale Centre in Minnesota. Alexis detailed the decline of the mall through the increased importance of the ‘retail consultant’ who drew the mall towards the infamous retailcentric homogenous box design that was critiqued in 1978’s Dawn of the Dead (filmed in the Monroeville Mall in Pennsylvania). Alexis then went on to explain how the ubiquitous 1980s American mall lifted itself from this stereotype with such successful designs

Zurich Experiment with Non-Profit Housing

like the Horton Plaza in San Diego (1985) - which cut a main street through the traditional boxy design - and The Grove in LA (2002) a high-end, boutique shopping experience in open air that draws distinct parallels to the village layout of the old world. These improvement over the reviled 1960’s and 70s malls included a better offering of cuisine, not just fast food but actual restaurants as well as better programmed shopping experiences for the consumer as opposed to the ‘casino-like’ design of the older malls. Alexis contrasted this with the Australian Mall experience, whilst still being car centric with vast parking bays required, they are more closely situated into the urban environment so feel less like satellite destinations devoid of place. Alexis explained the attraction that Australians have to large homemaker centres where a cluster of retailers act to serve a variety of consumer needs, without many of the traditional mall stores present. Furthermore, Alexis provided examples from contemporary malls that provide experiential rewards for consumers such as the aquariums located in malls in Dubai and china as well as the varying uses of global malls, for example in Rio the mall is often seen as a safe haven from the cities social and crime problems. Such establishments serve community roles beyond simple retail and can be used as exemplars as to how malls can extend

themselves in different ways. Based on a 2019 survey, the things that consumers wanted were increased leisure facilities in malls as well as mixed usage residential and retail spaces, like a village or a city within a city – Reimagining Retail 2019. Finally, Alexis used the example of the Wollert Neighbourhood Centre by OMA (Melb 2020) as an example of an excellent mixed-use space (not retail) that if its program was modified to include retail could serve as an example of the Australian mall of tomorrow. This was particularly important as Alexis added that post-COVID, 79% of Australians had shopped online and that once customers have 12

tried online shopping, they are more likely to try it again. Reliving the City

stephen choi

Living Building Challenge Manager at Frasers Property

Stephen has worked as the Living Building Challenge Manager at Frasers Property Australia since mid-2016. He was accredited as an architect in the UK, having completed a Masters of Architecture at the University of East London. Stephen has published a number of articles in forums from RIBA publications to ArchitectureAU. Stephen is passionate about environmental sustainability and has taken this passion from consultancy roles at Virdis to the Executive Director of the Living Future Institute Australia. Stephen suggested that a successful sustainability project is akin to a tree, or at least should strive to perform its

Burwood Brickworks Interior

environmental roles as well as a tree does. Stephen elaborated that this site must work better than locations such as Martin Place in Sydney and perform more sustainability functions than a comparable building. The idea for the role of the structure on the site of the old QV brickworks was decided early in the development “we’ve got a site, we’re doing houses – let’s do a shopping centre”. From that point, a design competition was arranged and entries from schools, universities and the private sector flooded in. Given the ambition of the project, Frasers Property Group commissioned a three-month feasibility study in order to determine the suitability of the site, projected costs and sustainability accreditation that would need to be achieved. Taken as a challenge by the Fraser Group, Brickworks shopping centre design was targeted as being as sustainable as possible, respectful to the Indigenous heritage of the site and finally as an exemplar to show what could be possible for future projects. Stephen walked us around the site, showing us the features of the rooftop farm; the quails, chickens, bees, worms, and the single piece of PVC piping used in the entire project. The brickworks also house an aeroponic greenhouse growing plants in suspended racks, with little soil. In addition to the animals and crops, numerous windows in the ceiling allowed plenty of light into the internal spaces. Stephen spoke of the desire to move away from the “casino-like” design of the traditional shopping centre and how he never wanted an employee to ask, “how is the weather outside?” Thermally, the entire building is on one system, with heat drawn from the Woolworths refrigerator units. The only deviations from this schedule were the Ben and Jerries and Bulkfoods having separate ACs to cool frozen products and the thermal yoga studio having inbuilt space heaters. Stephen was particularly proud of the anecdote that through the commissioning of a custom heating unit for this studio, the heater was redesigned to use ABS elements instead of PVC – this has now led to a total manufacturing shift from the supplier, on all heating units across all projects – an example of how construction can drive knock-on effects 13

in associated industries by demanding innovation of the established programs. Burwood Brickworks Rooftop

jonathan daly

Manager, Urban Design and Heritage + City Design Champion (UNESCO) Johnathan started his lecture by outlining the current developmental state of the city of Geelong. He asserts that Geelong is at the same stage of its development as Melbourne was 20 years ago. Melbourne has lost much of its industrial heritage – Geelong is now at a tipping point; does it hold onto this history or does redevelopment overwhelm its ability to preserve its heritage? Johnathan sees Geelong as aspiring to be a medium density and medium rise city, eschewing the skyscrapers of Melbourne for shorter, less imposing towers. Central Geelong has lost much of its green spaces and has until now tended towards an ‘any development is good ethos’ which has led to controversies surrounding the height limits on CBD developments (in fact no limits previously existed) however

MSD Studio - Difference

this must be challenged in order to preserve the character of the city and guide its growth in a direction which is beneficial to all. Johnathan spoke of all the planning and design work currently undertaken in Geelong, especially the laneways redevelopment project. He talks of the laneways as “activating the city”, acting as catalysts for the “life of the larger streets”, intensifying the

centre of town” which raises another point, he suggests that CBD be discarded from the lexicon of the modern metropolis in favour of ‘city centre’, a term which removes the preconceptions of the heart of a town as place only for business and proves instead a more open interpretation allowing for connotation of retail, residential and leisure spaces. Highlighting the future of Geelong, Johnathan flags the NWGA (North Western Growth Area) as a corridor of new development stretching from Geelong to Ballart that is scheduled for activation in current Vic Gov master plans. It should be noted here that the current Geelong LGA hosts 250,000 constituents, however the Greater Geelong Area encompasses 350,000 given the surrounding shores. Major areas that Johnathan has worked on include the ‘Green Spine’ area along Malop Street, which was a $7M redevelopment to add seating and greenery to the previously concrete dominated promenade. This project met with resistance from local store owners as it allegedly ‘impeded customers access to the street’. Whilst the merit of this claim is dubious, the anecdote does highlight the issues involved in dealing with different interest groups when working on public projects and even simple goals like adding greenery can be met with resistance from certain factions. The second area of concern for Johnathan was the ‘Market Square’. This space was in desperate need of intervention, with a small patch of fake grass unlikely to provide much of a centre of town vibe, but when coupled with a miasma of crime and delinquency, it creates an area that is singularly unappealing. Such a space needs a joint redevelopment between the City of Geelong and the Public Transport Department. Johnathan suggests that dispersing the bus stops throughout town instead of clustering them at this point will go a way to improving the conditions of the site. Effectively a street that should not host all of Geelong’s bus stops has been turned into a 14

defacto transport hub, whereas a more holistic solution would be beneficial. Shall we ever meet again

jennifer cromarty

CEO of Committee of Geelong

Jennifer hails from the Committee for Geelong (CfG), a non-government organisation (NGO) dedicated to advocacy and research into the improvement of the city of Geelong. Her career began in retail advocacy and has shifted through her initiatives such as non-prof ‘Creative Geelong’ which started life as a Facebook page. She discusses the positioning of Geelong with other growing ‘gateway cities’ such as Wollongong and Newcastle, saying that the latter was doing an excellent job and the former, plus Geelong had certain lessons still to learn. (refer to Australia’s Gateway Cities: Gateways to Growth – CfG - 2019).

Trackless Trams

Jennifer touched on the 1980’s and 90’s crimes that plagued the Market Square area and the difficulties in restoring a space that was so dominated by the monolithic shopping mall and carpark. A lot of these developments stemmed from the years of the Kennett Administration when development without regulation or limit was encouraged to push economic growth for the state. Jennifer addressed the question of what are the biggest questions regarding a redevelopment of the Westfield site, chiefly; “How

can people be attracted from Leopold, Waurn Ponds and other outer Geelong suburbs when they have their own amenities and shopping precincts closer to home?” This rather ambiguous dilemma speaks testament to the effective development of Geelong away from the CBD, though adding considerable problems to its redevelopment. Jennifer suggests that using a mall designed only for retail approach is outdated and that Westfield must offer a public experience as the old-style mall design is dying. Other questions she raises are how to activate the edges of the blocks? How to encourage shop-

top living? She raises the point that the high-rise buildings on Geelong’s CBD often sold out on the plans before constriction commenced, which for a residential building speaks volumes of the desire to live in Geelong’s CBD.

Finally, she raises the issue of carparking. Discussions with the mayor’s office reveal that “Geelong loves its cars” and that the public expects to park in the centre of town. Simply going away with this amenity is not going to be publicly well received despite being progressive from a sustainability point of view. Geelong must decide just how “pro-car” it wishes to be. She closed her speech with an anecdote regarding the length that officers from the city of Melbourne travelled to speak with overseas property owners with stakes in Swanston Street and how Geelong must make a similar venture in order to drive the positive development of its city centre, given that

the council has very little sway over the private industry.

City of Geelong

literature review The Literature review task involved students reading three literacy pieces from their chosen ‘future of’ category; future of work, retail/ entertainment & events, culture & community, living & wellbeing, mobility, climate & resilience and designing at different scales over time. Of the three pieces, students selected one reading to summarize and present to the class for

Burwood Brickwork Site Visit

further discussion.

literature review the future of work

Creating ‘hotspots’ is crucial when redeveloping areas like Shopping Centre, which needs to be as inviting as possible for commercial purposes. Five different ‘knowledge management’ strategies to create ‘hotspots’ were produced. It is important for the tenants to interact to create synergy, through events and workshops, attracting visitors. In addition, the mobility and positioning also become important to increase the ‘unplanned’ interaction between people. Another consideration of the future of retail is the concept of automation, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. How will these three impact the way we shop and interact? A potential result of automation will change the face-to-face value of brick-and-mortar stores. Sales assistants may be replaced with artificial intelligence and machine learning from shopper behavioural data. Building footprints may decrease with less stock on site, and more emphasis placed on same day delivery through self-driving trucks and improved logistics systems. Furthermore, the future of work also needs to consider the leverages design to prioritise better mental health. A healthy workplace prioritises work-life balance, health and safety, and employee growth, recognition and involvement—all in that order. A huge part of mental health comes down to how we feel emotionally and how we experienced space. The critical aspect of mental health at work should be treating people reasonably rather than the same, providing

Readings: - HBO (2019), VICE Special Report: The Future of Work - Reading 2: Space 10, (2019)‘Can we design our way into better mental health?’ - Van de Klundert, M., Van Winden, W., (2012) ‘Creating hotspots for the knowledge economy’,

working space for people with different personalities and jobs.

the future of retail, entertainment & events The literature regarding the future of retail and entertainment broadly covered three major themes. Firstly, progressive malls needed to target key strategic outcomes. These included a ‘Focus on safety and convenience’ to customers (factoring in how a trip to the mall could be a stressful war for car parking even before the current risk Covid exposure). Additionally, ‘becoming a destination’ to entice people for purposes other than shopping, as foot traffic was down 19% in the year preceding COVID. Furthermore, malls need to work hard to break the stereotype of the ‘bland, homogenous box’ and the casino-like program of trapping shoppers between anchor stores. Instead, these locations need character and be designed to reflect the changing requirements of the customers that they wish to attract.

Readings: - The future of the mall: Building a new kind of destination for the post-pandemic world’, Deloitte, July 2020 - Martens, J. Mallification: The Vengeful Return of the Mall in the 21st Century. Failed Architecture. - Space 10, Food and the Megacity: How Urbanisation and Technology are Changing the Way China Eats

In the new generation of shopping malls, the space for retails for sales and workers also needs to be considered. Especially after Covid-19, the decrease of economic turnover brings problems for both the jobseekers and retailers. New types of shopping malls can drive post Covid reemployment, thus in the future, what features of retailers and associated entertainment should we design to improve the environment for retailers.

the future of culture, heritage & community

Readings: Urban Design (2010). The Spontaneous City. BIS Publishers. (Manifesto for a spontaneous city) Kennedy, R., Kelly, M., Greenaway, J., Martin, B., International Indigenous Design Charter, Deakin University, City of Geelong, UNESCO, ‘What does it mean to be a UNESCO Creative City?’,

There are three propositions for making regeneration areas good places to live in. The first one is to not build a city merely with bricks; people are quite definitely needed too. More space needs to be created for allowing the present residents to come up with ideas. New residents follow automatically because they have now seen that there are opportunities. Moreover, a lively city needs economic reinforcement, a mix of functions and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, regeneration should not tackle the whole neighbourhood, but individual buildings or plots. Differentiation needs to be sought at the scale of the street.

the future of living & wellbeing The dynamic development of social and economic conditions has led to the modifications of housing typologies across the world, shaping the future of living and how we adapt and lead cities. The future of living in response to the literature articles analysed has a high response to the economy’s search of maximising profit and affordability in dwelling typologies. The emergence of co-living housing models has shaped the future of living as a way of reducing carbon footprint while accommodating to the everyday needs of people, invoking idealism and enforcing the sense of community. The redesign of the housing market responds to the development of housing archetypes that are designed for our benefit economically and socially, presenting different housing typologies of the future that shapes the way people will coexist in the future.

Readings: Fergus, Andy (2019). Redesigning the Housing Market. Assemble Papers Redesigning Renting: Housing as a Service (2019) Alexis Kalagas, Assemble Papers Karakusevic, P & Batchelor, A (2017). Interview with Dominic Papa: Lessons in practice in Social Housing: Definitions and Design Exemplars, pg 114-117)

The strong focus on adaptability and flexibility is vital regarding the future of living. The introduction of mixed-use precincts will require an open-minded approach. With new housing typologies adopted, the future of living is headed towards community oriented housing models that seek to provide people with the basic everyday needs.

the future of mobility The advancement of technology and the information we have right at our fingertips is becoming a driving force shaping the future of mobility. A public demand for making cities more walkable and less car orientated has led to the creation of walking apps. These apps provide the time and distance the walk will take, information on things such as the safety of the walk, how beautiful the walk is and nearby amenities. Another benefit of walking and using public transport rather than driving is to reduce carbon emissions. Mobility hubs are trying to approach the ‘big share’, which encourages people to use a broader range of public transport to reduce personal vehicle travel in daily life. The mobility hub is a module like structure that is designed to be flexible and adaptive to societal wants and needs. Instances where Public transport cannot be accessed, autonomous vehicles are a more sustainable option to driving as they are controlled by AI, meaning they are more efficient at accelerating and braking. As an autonomous vehicle is self driving, it resists the need for individual ownership, and can act like an Uber, limiting the number

Readings: Newman, P., (2019), ‘Driverless vehicles and pedestrians don’t mix so how do we rearrange our cities?’, Walker, A., BBC Future 18/10/03, ‘Pedestrian Power to Shape Future Cities’ ARUP, (2020) ‘The future of mobility hubs’

of vehicles on our roads.

the future of climate & resilience As human impact on the environment accelerates, and we continue a “Business as Usual” path, the city will follow the typical pattern of an urban “resource drain”. We must reimagine how cities function. Firstly, cities must transition from their status as “global resource drains” to circular, biobased, smart, productive, ecologically, and socially integrated hubs by following the Circular City Model framework. This framework includes creating a tight-knit community, resilient local economy, renewable energy, closing the material loop and using alternative mobility to reduce local emissions. An example of this initiative being taken may be represented through the European Union’s legislative initiative known as ‘Material productivity’ which aims to bridge the current dis-continuity of consumer ship whilst incentivising the recycling and re-use of common land fill wastes. Through the application of the circular economy, it is projected that possible revenue streams can be increased exponentially for countries with a relative GDP’s, as well as offer a new systematic structure allowing for the close-knit resilient community aforementioned. The incorporation of a circular city can potentially provide economic,

Readings: Pears, A., (2004) ‘Imagining Australia’s Energy Services Future’ Domenech, T. (2014). Explainer: What is a circular economy? The Conversation. Metabolic, Studioninedots and DELVA Landscape Architects, (2014), ‘Circular Buiksloterham: Transitioning Amsterdam to a Circular City’, (10-21 & 30-40)(Executive Summary and Vision)

community and industry harmony allowing for an ecologically and intelligent space for future generations.

designing at different scales In an effort to improve the standard of the built environment around the city, the relationship between building and streetscape needs to be considered. Through the development of guidelines such as the Melbourne Design Guide, there is a consistent framework for design created, which allows architects, planners and developers to have a mutli-scalar approach to design. Analysing architectural outcomes at different scales and over time, allows designers to respond to the future needs of the city by encouraging developments that consider structures which can improve urban design as a whole. In addition, an introduction to a step-by-step strategic and flexible development model offers sustainable solutions for the built environment. With the use of the development model, spatial development no longer produces an outcome that is static and permanent. Instead it produces something that is permanently in a state of flux. Development is no longer about fixing a building or area according to a blueprint or final position, but rather taking steps in a continual process of gradual change thus improving urban design as a whole.

Readings: T. Bergevoet, M. Van Tuijl. (2016). The Flexible City: Sustainable Solutions for a Europe in Transition. City of Melbourne. (2018). The Central Melbourne Design Guide. Glaser, M. et al (2012). The City at Eye Level: Lessons for Street Plinths

Hence by looking at design over time and at different scales, there is the potential for more considered public realm design which allows professionals to not only create spaces that are more pedestrian friendly but also have outcomes that offer more sustainable solutions for the built environment.

key findings This activity was a literature review undertaken by each student to form a collective summary of a large body of works. Each student needed to undertake a reading from one of seven topics: The futures of Work, Retail, Culture & Community, Living & Wellbeing, Mobility, Climate & Resilience and Designing at Different Scales & Times. The discussions between groups ranged from the roles of private investment in public spaces and the private entities that seek to ingrain themselves as indispensable public realm establishments to the future of transport and the prospects offered by very fast trams or AI driven, electric share cars. Working as a class, we were able to analyse a much greater breadth of information than as individuals and the question time and critique of our colleagues’ presentations served to provide a lively forum for this discussion. Most interesting was the breadth of approaches malls have taken to

further these ‘future goals’ around the world and also the case studies of less successful attempts.

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Research Question Collage - Jadeline Yeo

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exemplar studies In small groups, students undertook research on one of the following exemplar precincts; T-site in Daikanyama Japan, Platform LA in Culver City, LA, USA, James Street in Brisbane Australia, De Hallen in Amsterdam Netherlands, QV in Melbourne Australia, De Boogard (winkelcentrum) in Rijswijk Netherlands and CITY CENTRE in Houston Texas, USA. Students communicated the spatial qualities of their chosen precinct, land use mixes, timeline of

development, funding and defining features to the class through a presentation.

t-site, daikanyama

“a book store for people aged 50+ that merges digital and analogue worlds in an innovative, relaxed retail setting”

Designers/Architects: Klein Dytham Architects Use: Library, Warehouse, Hospitality, Grocery, Recreation/Lounge, Event Space, Bar, Galleries/ Exhibition, Brewery, Garden, 120 Parking Spots on Site.

Plot Ratio: 0.8

The Role in the City Daikanyama T-Site was constructed for the Japanese retail chain Tsutaya, who deal in books, CD’s and videos tapes. This project aimed at a rebirth of Tsutaya, which already had 1400 retails in Japan, to create a new and proser era for bookshops, from ‘ever-fading’ industry of hard copy books. It was originally targeted at an older generation, who still held on to the sentiment of handling and reading hard copy books, but it has become popular for all ages uses.

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Funding It was mainly funded by Culture Convenience Club (CCC) who owned Tsutaya with only little from other investors because they wanted to be in complete control for the project and didn’t want to have constant re-modelling or adjustment to the project in order to complete as soon as possible. This was possible as it was not a big budge project, but rather it was low cost and produced extremely quickly. The whole project was completed in 20 months with construction taking just 11 months despite disruptions to earthquiake and tsunami.

Planning Framework, Rules & Processes The site was initially just a green land in the south side and three buildings in the north side. Initially, the north side was planned to be developed independently by Urban Development, which they planned to develop a dormitory for a foreign airline and later Tsutaya got involved and decided to build a T-site including the store for Tsutaya.

Lessons The project aimed to bring costumers by creating an atmosphere which embraces visitors of different styles, providing them alternative options, such as leisure spaces, lounges, courtyard, restaurant, cafes. It has an atmosphere of the site being part of the city with its public uses.

Design, Spatial & Material Qualities ‘An iconic building with branded in a non-branded way, without having to rely on signage.’The building facades are inspired by logo,T, which thousands of reinforced concrete T-shapes have overlapped into the building’s façade. The site is made up with total of 11 low-rise buildings to harmonize within the surrounding buildings and to leave the greenery landscape as much as possible, which it has multiple pathways and can be accessed from all directions with appearing/disappearing of the greenery as you travel which blurs the boundaries of inside and outside.

a timeline

how t-site developed through time

1900s It was just a green space in the south side and 3 buildings were existing in the north side.

2010 May Design has been finalised, ready to begin contruction.

Before 2010 77 architects were invited to submit proposals of 2 staged compeition including Kengo Kuma, Atelier Bow Wow, Mikan Gumi, Kumiko inui, and Klein Dytham has won.

2012 Jan Completion of T-site, and considered to be one of the ‘The Best Bookshop in Japan’

2011 Feb Construction Begins

Before the Competition It was initially to be developed independently by NTT Urban Development, which they planned to develop Domitory for a foreign airline, which later CCC got involved to develop T-site for their stores.

platform, L.A. “pop-up at platform”

Designers/Architects: Abramson Architects Use: Retail spaces, offices, and restaurants

Plot Ratio: 2.7:1

The Role in the City Platform LA in Culver City, California comprises a collection of boutique retail stores offices and restaurants housed in 6 buildings that wrap around a central courtyard. The site, previously an abandoned car dealership, is situated opposite Culver City Metro Station and provides an openair community-based precinct for the confluence of various demographics. Funding The project was funded and developed by David Fishbein and Joey Miller of the Runyon Group, a young real-estate company that employed a bottom-up approach to their vision of curating a central hub for designers, restaurants and creatives.

Planning Framework, Rules & Processes With Downtown Culver City undergoing a revitalization movement over the past 20 years, the diverse neighbourhood is littered with film studios, commercial office buildings and retail shops.

Design, Spatial & Material Qualities Platform LA also aims to adopt the historical significance of its site, one that dates back to its existence as a railroad station often scattered with old and abandoned boxcars. This past was entwined into a typology consisting of boxed forms made from corrugated metal and implemented into two of the buildings. The more recent use of the site, prior to the construction of Platform LA had been of a car dealership improved with old, painted brick and concrete panel garages. The design therefore features nuances that reveal and acknowledge the sites past such as the corrugated iron garage doors used as facades for some ground floor retail shops.

Lessons The curation of spaces and the various interspersed uses within Platform LA not only acknowledge the history of the site and its surrounding community through discernible design nuances, but also celebrate the befitting reclamation and subsequent rise of a flourishing neighbourhood in Culver City, California.

timeline

how platform developed through time

1953

2013

Culver Junction Railway Station ends passenger services

An electric railway station named ‘Culver Junction’ is established 200m east of the site

2012

A service restoration of the outdated railway station is conducted and ‘Culver City Metro Station’ is constructed to the east of the current site

2016

Platform LA is constructed as a central hub for the revived neighbourhood of Culver City, Califronia

EARLY 1900’s

Runyon Group take ownership of the site, currently an outdated 1.6 hectare car dealership

james street, brisbane

“eat, live, play lifestyle street to celebrating the outdoor subtropical climate”

Designers/Architects: Richard & Spence - 19 James Street - 2012, Calile Hotel 2018, Cox Rayner - James Street Market - 2003 Use: Shops, Hotel, Restaurants, Commercial Offices, Car parking

Plot Ratio: 2.18 : 1

The Role in the City The James Street precinct in its entirety contains over 110 stores, these range from fashion to food to art galleries. This shopping strip has evolved over the past 20 years, from a single market structure to a thriving precinct, now containing a luxury hotel. The James Street precinct runs community events and provides a venue for pop up stores. Additionally, its website offers recipes and interior design suggestions utilizing goods from local stores. Funding The James Street shopping precinct began life around the James Street Market – est. 2003 – when private business owners purchased light industrial zoned land with the intent of developing it into a retail centre. Currently it is curated by the James Street Initiative Pty Ltd (JSI) a non-profit business entity that was formed by local stakeholders in 2010 to improve the James Street Shopping Precinct via representing the interests of the local business owners.

Planning Framework, Rules & Processes Beginning life as an overhaul to light industrially zoned land, the James Street Market was completed in 2003. Since then, additional structures have been refitted and constructed to create the sizable retail hub seen today.

Given the unique ‘little-by-little’ approach to this development it has dynamically grown into the local area as opposed to acting as a monument to the time of its construction as a conventional mall does. The initial James Street Market was designed by Cox Rayner in 2003 and later additions commissioned from Richards & Spence. (Ingrid Richards acting as a project architect on the 2003 project before establishing her own practice providing a continuity of design throughout.) Design, Spatial & Material Qualities The James Street Precinct aims to be a ‘High Street’ offering an inviting mixed-use space for retail, restaurants and office space. The precinct has a very clear design language of white brickwork and stone, separated by striking green vegetation. Additionally, bare concrete is both a key structural and visual material, in clean, cubic forms.

Lessons The James Street shopping precinct showcases how a small-scale private initiative can flourish under motivated and local oversight. The governing body of the strip keeps a firm hand on the tenants located in this space, aiming for Australian boutiques over international brands creates a destination that is more resilient to increasing online trade as it offers a leisure shopping experience to the consumer as well as access to unique local retailers that e-commerce cannot directly replace.

a timeline 1998

Local developers and investors formed a partnership in 1993 and eventually bought their first piece of James Street in 1998. This space was planned to serve as mixed use office and retail on previously Light Industrial zoned land.

1991

Brisbane City Council launched its urban renewal program to change the notorious red light district. Kevin Miller began the development transformation for James street.

2012

2008

2002

GFC scuppers plans to create a singular closed roof mall on the site. This was a blessing in disguise as it forced an incremental approach to development, and kept the precinct as an outdoor amenity.

Calile and Michael Malouf together established the James Street Market (Designed by Cox Rayner) as a one-stopshop for fresh produce, to fill a need for local restaurateurs.

2010

19 James Street completed by Richards & Spence. This structure continued the strengthen design language of the precinct, whilst refreshing the premises for a number of retailers.

James Street was established to promote retailers in James St, and to lift the profile and trade of those businesses residing within the stakeholder properties.

2021

Now the lifestylefocused district’s existing offerings are set to double with the plans of its major development revealed, including the addition of James St Commons.

2018

The Calile Hotel was established and produced by Richards & Spence.

how james street developed through time

de hallen, amsterdam

“run-down tram depot, now beating heart of Amsterdam West”

Designers/Architects: J. van Stigt BV Architects Use: Mixed use; (m2 Residential, Retail, Office, Car Parks): 22,000sqm total. 16,000sqm of Retail, Office, Restaurants, Hotel, & Day Care Centre. 6,000sqm of Car Parking.

Plot Ratio: 0.8

The Role in the City De Hallen was developed with the key consideration of balancing technical, aesthetic and functional needs, coercing with the community to ensure master planning and design decisions aligned with the public. Comprising of a library, cafeteria, hotel, cinemas, restaurants, food court, television studio, classrooms and workshops, academies, art galleries, spaces for small entrepreneurs and nurseries, this complex serves as the heart of the area.

1. To find a new use for the De Hallen that had a relationship with the environment 2. For the new uses of the building to be connected with the needs of the neighbourhood, providing an attractive addition that transcends at the metropolitan scale 3. For the project to be entirely feasible

Funding The project started and was realised in the middle of an economic crises in Europe, making it difficult to approach banks to loan money for building projects. In response to this, De Hallen was funded by TROM (Tram Remise Ontwikkelings Maatschappij), an initiative formed by the architect Andre van Stigt and other stakeholders with three key goals:

Planning Framework, Rules & Processes The project went through three key building phases between 1901-28, and two redevelopment phases between 2013-14. The complex was planned to provide passageways for walking which connected all the facilities throughout the surrounding neighbourhood. Design, Spatial & Material Qualities Comprising of 17 warehouses that are rented out by different organizations, each space has been designed to follow its function. The building’s envelope has been respectfully restored, and has suffered no significant changes to the interior. The project does not seek architectural prominence or monumentalism, but remains hidden behind the facades of the housing on two interfaces, and commercial and industrial on the other two. Materials and colour palettes used internally pay homage to the 19th century tram depot.

Lessons The redevelopment of De Hallen demonstrates how a heritage monument can be revitalised and reactivated. Architects, Andre van Stigt and Eise Kalk, express the importance of developing a project and its surroundings with the same speed.

a timeline

2009-10

1914

Completion of second building phase. New buildings were oblong residences between Tollenstreet and Bilderdijkade.

1901

Completion of the first building phase, which is the oldest structure of the current tram depot at the Bellamy Square.

1928

1999

A monument status was obtained for the building complex, where it was said that the ‘building is an oyster with a pearl inside’

Completion of third building phase, which involved the expansion of the Halls 2 and 3 on the side of the Bellamyplein, an internal renovation of Hall 7 and the offices in Hall 2 and 4.

2007

J. VAN STIGT BV Architects was approached by real estate developer Burgfonds for the redesign of the tram depot.

Reconsideration on design proposal due to economic crises and political decisions at the time. The developer wanted to demolish a part of the monument, however this did not go ahead.

2013-14

Building phase was undertaken in two phases, completing the library, hotel, gallery, recycle and parking by April 2013, and the movie hall, TV studio, nursery, restaurants, and stores by September 2014. 43

how de hallen developed through time

QV, Melbourne

“Queen Victoria Village - A city within a city.”

Designers/Architects: NH Architecture, Wardle, McBride, Lyons, KTA, etc.

Plot Ratio: 5.19

Use: Mixed Use Precinct 600 residential apartments, 20,000 square metres of commercial space, 45,000 of retail space, and 1500 car spaces.

The Role in the City QV Melbourne Melbourneisisa amulti-use multi-use precinct precinct hasa become aa which haswhich become “City within “City within a City”, in the heart City”, in the heart of Melbourne. By of Melbourne. Byinterconnected using a “series using a “series of of interonnected laneways”, the laneways”, the community has access community access to a variety to a variety ofhas retail an restaurants of retail and restaurants and and entertainment as well as many entertainment as well asspaces. many residential and commercial residential and commercial spaces. - QV Website - QV Website Funding The precinct was commissioned by

Funding the City of Melbourne Council through The precinct wasfor commissioned developer Grocon $600 million. by the City of Melbourne Council through developer Grocon for $600 million .

Planning Framework, Rules & Processes There was a “dynamic response to the desire for architectural and urban diversity” within the abandoned sites. Collectively, the designers aimed to form a “aggregation of distinct structures” with public open spaces rather than one single mass like building which was achieved through an “intriguing architectural matrix” to create an urban precinct.

Lessons Efforts to achieve a greater sense of diversity through the building mass have been successful over the development site by responding to the surrounding context to create a better pedestrian experience through the network of spaces. Overall, the developmentwas part of a “complex, diverse and successful urban environment”.

Scale: 1:5000

Design, Spatial & Material Qualities The QV precinct aimed to provide a contrast between the old and new with the remaining heritage buildings “providing a culture link to the sites history”. A part of Robert Hoddle’s original grid of Melbourne, the open air precinct has visual access to the sky where pedestrians only are connected to common spaces by a laneway network. The materials used reflect the original buildings, mirroring the textures and colours to create a cohesive urban form.

a timeline

how QV developed through time

1864 The site was originally eastablished as the Melbourne Hospital.

1990 Developer purchased the site for $15 million and 3 of the hospitals were demolished, leaving the remaining Queen Victorias Womens Centre.

1987 Hospital was closed and relocated to parkville. The land was valued at $63 million.

2000-05 Development begins with the construction 2015 of the QV1 Pedestrian Residential Tower Precinct completed in 2005. development of Completetion of laneways and QV2 in 2004. streets completed.

1999 After becoming abandonded the Council took over land awarded $600 mil tender to Grocon to develop the site into an urban village.

2009 Construction commences of the remaining precinct.

1916 Four hospitals were completely rebuilt on a larger scale including the 1911 Queen Victora Womens Hospital.

in de bogaard, netherlands “greenest urban centre in the Netherlands”

Designers/Architects: PosadMaxman APPM Management Consultants Use: Mixed use; (m2 Residential, Retail, Office, Car Parks): Retail: 75-60%; Hospitality: 15%-20%; Leisure: 5%-10%; Services/Social Provisions: 5%-10%

3.21

Plot Ratio:

In de Bogaard was the first indoor shopping centre in the Netherlands. The architectural quality attracted many people from around the area.

Funding The funding will be comissioned by the Municipial council of Rijswijk for the master plan. The shopping centre is owned by 15 owners, and raised their concerns on the decrease of structural vacancy. Stakeholders, residents and the Municipality envision a transformation to In de Bogaard stepping away from its monofunctional nature. The In de Bogaard Area Vision, was established in autumn, 2017. Planning Framework, Rules & Processes The planning framework will be guided by 10 ambitions; area will be the greenest urban centre in the Neterlands; good quality of life and spatial quality; highest priority for a sustainable city; create a small and more compact mall; focus on staying and meeting; 2,000 homes will be added; top pirority for cyclists; high-rise buildngs are no objection.

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The Role in the City In de Bogaard will transform into a multi-functional and green city centre for its residents and visitors to ‘meet, live and shop’. The central area of In de Bogaard will be easily accessed through the creation of east and west passages and will open the city up to greening, along with the addition of residential quality.

Design,Spatial Spatial&&Material MaterialQualities Qualities Design, The design of Inof In Thespatial sptialand andprogrammatic progammatic deisgn de willwill change the master plan in deBogaard Bogaard change the masterplan in particular onon thethe north side.side. In deInBogaard will will particular north de Bogaard become a mixed-use precinct consisting of: become a mixed-use precinct consisting of living & wellbeing, stay and shop. living & wellbeing; stay; shop. InInde willwill provide moremore greengreen spaces deBogaard Bogaard provide spaces totoallow more community engagement to allow more community engagement to occur, occur, simultaneously the air quality. as well as improve improve the air quality. Light colours The of light color palettes will beclassic willutilization be implemented to constrast the implemented to contrast theand classic older materials. dark older dark architecture modern architecture and modern material.

Lessons Lessons The neighbourhood focus of the In de Bogaard The focus of the Inindeother contexts willneighborhood be particularly important Bogaard will be particularly important in community other to accomodate to the needs of the contexts to accommodate to the needs of the creating a more liveable area. The decrease community creating a more livable area. appeal The of structural vacancy and declining is a decrease structural vacancy and other declining commonofissue amongst many shopping appeal is a common issue amongst many complexes. other shopping complexes. The ten ambitions contribute to the living enviornments, as well as leading towards a The tensustainable ambitions mentioned more future. previously

contributes to the living environments, as well as leading towards a more sustainable future.

a timeline

how in de bogaard developed through time

Rijswijk begins to grow due to the development of transport, residential areas and business parks.

The history of In de Bogaard starts at the beginning of 1960s as part of the after-war development.

1963-5

1995

A4 motoway was connected to Rijswijk. De Bogaard expands due to improvement on transport systems.

First section of In de Bogaard opens serving as a regional function in 1963 and train station opens in 1965.

The city becomes home to 52,000 residents. The development of De Strijp has been completed. The master plan was adopted by the city council on December 17, 2019.

2017

In de Bogaard has closed part of their shopping centre. Area Vision In de Bogaard and surroundings was adopted by the municipal council.

1958

2019

city centre, houston “pedestrian-friendly environment ”

Designers/Architects: Gensler, Kirksey Use: Use mix (m2): Residential (80,133), Retail (37,161), office (58,064), Hotel (11,395) 3,600 car parks (100,543), Fitness Club (13,000), Cinema (3,537)

Plot Ratio: 1.07

The Role in the City CityCentre The Role inHouston the Cityis a 47-acre, mixed-use development exceptional public spaces and The City Centrewhere in Houston is a 47-acre, mixed-use streetscapes integrate the many offerings offices, development where exceptional public spaces -and residences, retail, conference, streetscapes hotels, integraterestaurants, the many offerings: offices, fitness, cinema and structured. An conference, environment residences, hotels, restaurants, retail, fitness, where meetThis someone for dinner where and then cinema you and could structured. is an environment you linger afterward andinner urbanand and pedestrian-friendly could meet peopleinfor freely linger around the setting. urban and pedestrian-friendly setting.

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Funding Midway approached project the idea Midway approached thethe project withwith the idea of being that it wantedoftothe bemost the developer most of the the developer parcels but of also wanted each parcels but also wanted each project to be its project to be its own development. Midway chose toown development. Midway chose to financepartners the project finance the project by identifying separate for Swanston St by function,office, identifying separate partners for the multifamily, hotel and retail uses. multifamily, office, hotel, and retail uses. Planning Framework, Rules & Processes Planning Framework, Processes During the planning of the Rules project,&Midway first developed In planningofthe project, Midway first three developed a program uses for the site and paid firms toa program of usespresentations. for the site and three firms develop concept The paid design vision wasto develop concept presentations. The design vision driven largely by Freels’s desire to create “a place where was driven desire to create you did haveintolarge get inpart yourby carFreels’s every time you wanted “a placeawhere did not have to plan get in your car to make changeyou in venue ”. The final involved every time you wanted to make in venue.” creating an urban district rather thana achange retail-oriented town The final plan involved creating an urban district center. The plan included design guidelines for buildings, rather than a retail-oriented town center. Theand plan including materials, architectural styles, signage, included design guidelines for buildings, including energy standards. materials, architectural styles, signage, and energy standards.

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Design, Spatial & Material Qualities Houston’s climate had a direct effect onplacement, the Houston’s climate had a direct effect on the placement, design ofShaded the buildings. massing, andmassing, design of and the buildings. areas are Shaded areas aredesign incorporated in of thetrees, design by incorporated in the by the use overhangs, the use walkways of trees, overhangs, covered walkways and covered and arbors. This has created a variety arbors. This created varietyanofauthentic buildingcharacter looks that of building typology thataadded to add an authentic to the centre.design The aim the centre. The aimcharacter was to create a timeless that was to create a timeless that enhances long enhances long term value ofdesign the precinct. Modern designs term value.used Modern designs generally usedtypes are equally throughout theare centre with varying throughout the architectural centre with elements. varying materials and of materials and architecture treatments. Lessons The project would have been more successful if they had

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Lessons taken necessary steps to approach the leasing of all uses The project would have been more if they in a more holistic way. There should be successful more emphasis had approached the leasing of all uses in aofmore on leasing the soft-goods retail spaces instead only holistic way. on leasing the softleasing out to More officesemphasis and restaurants. As a result, retailers goods retail space earlier ratherOtherwise, than leasing has to cut back on store openings. the the City office space.synergy This resulted in retailers Centreand has restaurant created a positive among the different cut on store openings. Thetocentre created usesback and programs that has added its values. synergy among the different uses and programs which creates a lot of value.

a timeline

how city centre houston developed through time

1980 Town & Country Mall, a regional shopping center first opened

2009 Phase 1 completed (hotel, office, multifamily, retail)

2007 Construction started

2011 City Centre 2 sold

2013 City Centre 3 & 4 open.

2014 City Centre 4 construction begins

2004 The site was acquired in 2004, the Town & Country Mall, like many second-tier malls around the

key findings This exercise looked at exemplar precedents chosen from around the globe from which to draw inspiration and critical ideas from when examining the Geelong Westfield. These exemplar projects included T-site Daikanyama, Tokyo, Japan; Platform LA, Culver City, LA, USA; James Street Brisbane, Australia; De Hallen, Amsterdam, Netherlands; QV, Melbourne, Australia; De Boogard (winkelcentrum), Rijswijk, Netherlands and CITY CENTRE, Houston, Texas, USA. Key concepts from this task included why certain precincts evolved the way that they and how that benefits the built environment, as well as questions as to what came before, for example City Centre in Houston was built at the site of an unsuccessful mall and was an attempt to reactivate the space whereas James Street grew from previously light industrial land being championed by a small group of local business owners.

This task was iterated several times since its initial submission in order to really hone in on critical concepts relevant to our Westfield Geelong site. From this study we learned the importance of responding sensitively to site with a number of these projects being reinventions of previously failed endeavors and how each one presents a different approach to the retail experience, from the low-rise shopping precinct of James St to the tightly wound, visualized laneways of the QV building.

interface studies Whilst touring QV Melbourne, students formed groups of four and observed the predominant interfaces including; Café interfaces, Retail interfaces, Office / work interfaces, Service / parking interfaces and Residential interfaces. Students then decided on two successful and two unsuccessful interfaces to sketch. The success of each interface was justified through a side-by-side comparison presentation accompanied by a short text from

each student.

cafe interfaces

PLACEHOLDER FOR POTENTIAL HEADING (DO NOT PLACE ANY WORK OR TEXT IN THIS SPACE)

PLACE INTERFACE SKETCH IN THIS SPACE; ENSURE SKETCH IS SITTING INSIDE AND CHANGE STROKE COLOUR OF BOX TO ‘NONE’

STUDENT NAME 2:Interface **** Unsuccessful Cafe

INTERFACE **** of the cafe San Churros at QV. The way this This sketch is ofTYPE: an interface interface interacts with the50 public laneways could have done better. PLACE HOLDER FOR WORD explaining what been is successful or Currently, the private sitting area outside is only**able to connect the public unsuccessful about the interface depicted: STUDENT NAME 1: Keith Lim and private space visually as it is isolated by glass panels. However, if INTERFACE Cafe Interface there wasTYPE: an entrance or exit point that bridges the space physically, This sketch is of an space interface ofenhanced. the cafeOne San Churros at QV. The way this the quality of the might be thing that was done successfully waswith that the texture of the column in the middlebeen helps done better. interface interacts thetimber public laneways could have integrate the structure column of QV into the space. 60

STUDENT NAME 1: Interface Jessie Tran Successful Cafe INTERFACE TYPE: The interface aboveCafe is depicted as successful as it is able to show the The interface abovewithin is depicted successful it is able show the busy happenings the cafeas without havingas to clutter theto laneway busy happenings within the without to clutterwhile the laneway space. Embedded within thecafe building, thehaving glass shopfront being the barrier between indoor/outdoor space, the creates the feeling ofwhile beingbeing inside the space. Embedded within the building, glass shopfront whilebetween looking from the outside. space, creates the feeling of being inside barrier indoor/outdoor while looking from the outside.

Currently, the private sitting area outside is only able to connect the publi

retail interfaces

retail interfaces INTERFACE ANALYSIS / EXERCISE 3.1

Retail Street

Foodcourt, Apartments, etc

Laneway

Retail

COS Foot Lockers

Successful Retail Interface

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The retail interface of this laneway is successful, as this laneway is responding to the context it resembles Melbourne’s laneway with its STUDENT NAME 1: BrianasYoun widths and the glass facades, which could be represented as graffiti as INTERFACE TYPE: Retail people can look at the display on the window that retails have made, while The retail interface of this laneway is successful, as this laneway is responding to the walking. The glass roof and open end blurs the boundards of the outdoor context as it resembles Melbourne’s laneway with its widths andcan theinteract glass facades, and indoors, and especially for people who work at retails which be represented as graffiti as people can look at the display on the withcould outside visually. window that retails have made, while walking. The glass roof and open end blurs the boundaries of the outdoor and indoors, and especially for people who work at retails

Unsuccessful Interface STUDENT NAME Retail 1: Jadeline Yeo S Analyzing the retail interfaces in QV, this is one of the few examples INTERFACE TYPE: Retail Interfaces IN we’ve found that was unsuccessful due to it’s lack of user engagement. NAME 2:inAli Hashemian AnalysingSTUDENT the retail interfaces QV, this is one of the few examples Fo The stores that occupies the south side of QV are all presented with we’ve found that was unsucessful due to it’s lack of user engagement. co INTERFACE TYPE: Retail large glass doors as their storefront. Furthermore, it is also located next The stores that occupies the south sidewelcoming of QV areentrance all presented with large The timber is The Aesop shop provides a nice for its customers. to public bus stop and main road that are constantly active and bustling. glass doors as their storefront. Futhermore, it isentrance also located toand public shopfront arrows towards large glass of thenext shop invites customerssh Users who are unaware will mostthe likely walk pass these stores without bus stop in. and main road that are constantly activelight andand bustling. Users who its glass wallTh This store has a direct access to natural ventilation through engaging with them, causing these stores to lack connectivity and social are unaware will most likely walk pass these stores without engaging with ed engagement. that faces the street on the other side. Also the LED screens on the ceiling outside of them, causing these stores to lack connectivity and social engagement. the shop animates the space, making it more pleasant.

Saturdays New York City

office / work interfaces

PLACE INTERFACE SKETCH IN THIS SPACE; ENSURE SKETCH IS SITTING INSIDE AND CHANGE STROKE COLOUR OF BOX TO ‘NONE’

The interface between “The Commons” and Shilling Lane can be considered successful from its ability to blend in with the retail orientated laneway. The transparent and opaque design of the office gives the entrance a similar appearance to the fully glazed shop fronts that are adjacent.

STUDENT NAME: Edward Cavarsan Unsuccessful Office Interface INTERFACE TYPE: The main reason thisOffice/Work interface is unsuccessful is due to its inability to highlight the main point of the medical centre. Whentoentering The main reason this entry interface is unsuccessful is due to its inability highlightathe medical believe the ability to sustain senseI believe of urgency main entrycentre, point of Ithe medical centre. When enteringaaconstant medical centre, the is important, this interface fastismovement asthis theinterface full glass facade ability to sustainbut a constant sense oflimits urgency important, but limits is inseparable theglass glass door,iscausing confusion fast movement asfrom the full facade inseperable from the and glasshesitation door, causing navigating. confusion and hesitation navigating.

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Successful Office Interface

services / parking interfaces

PLACE INTERFACE SKETCH IN THIS SPACE; ENSURE SKETCH IS SITTING INSIDE AND SPACE; CHANGE PLACE INTERFACE SKETCH IN THIS ENSTROKE COLOUR OF BOX TO ‘NONE’ SURE SKETCH IS SITTING INSIDE AND CHANGE

Successful Service/Parking Interface STUDENT NAME 1:GANATRA GRISHM GANATRA STUDENT NAME 1: GRISHM This service is situated centrally in the QV precinct and provides a INTERFACE TYPE: CAR PARKING/SERVICES (SUCCESSFUL) INTERFACE TYPE: PARKING/SERVICES (SUCCESSFUL) stairway,CAR escalators and elevators, hence reducing the amount of traffic service centrally is situatedincentrally in the QVand precinct and provides a This service This isand situated the QV precinct provides a only acts providing an efficient transition space. This service not as stairway, escalators and elevators, hence reducing the amount of traffic stairway, escalators and hence through reducing amount traffic a means for elevators, vertical movement thethe building but of also operates and providing an efficient transition space. This service not only acts as and providingas anaefficient transition Thisaservice not only acts as central spine to the space. overall site, node through which movement is a encouraged. means for vertical movement through the building but also operates a means for vertical movement through the building but also operates as a central spine to the overall site, a node through which movement is as a central spine to the overall site, a node through which movement is encouraged. encouraged.

Unsuccessful Service/Parking Interface STUDENT NAME 2: BRAHN SMILLIE STUDENT NAME 2: BRAHN SMILLIE This set of doors are a major access point to the precinct, however the INTERFACE TYPE: CAR PARKING/SERVICES (UNSUCCESSFUL) INTERFACE CAR PARKING/SERVICES (UNSUCCESSFUL) slidingTYPE: doors are partially being unused with an address sign leaning This set of doors are a major access point to the precinct, howeverthe thesliding sliding This set of doors are a major access point to the precinct, however against it, and they do not provide access to handicapped people as the doors are partially being unused with an address sign leaning against it, and doors aresliding partially being unused anthrough. address sign leaning it, and doors require a passwith to get Additionally, thisagainst set of doors they do not provide access to handicapped people as the sliding doors require they do not access as to handicapped asdoors the sliding doorsnext require are provide made redundant there is a set ofpeople revolving immediately a pass to get through. Additionally, this set of doors are made redundant as them. a pass totoget through. Additionally, this set of doors are made redundant as there is a set of revolving doors immediately next to them. there is a set of revolving doors immediately next to them.

STROKE COLOUR OF BOX TO ‘NONE’

SuccessfulNAME Residential Interface STUDENT NAME 1: Kate Kate Bradley STUDENT 2: Wang The interfaceTYPE: through Russell Street to QV Apartment is successful INTERFACE TYPE: Residential INTERFACE Residentail interface because of its through balance commercial and residential area. The residential interfacebetween of the QV apartments poorly the The interface Russell Street to area QVcontrasts Apartment is with successful The outside space makes the entree happened in a more natural way.area. surrounding laneway. The lobby does little to complement the surrounding because of its balance between commercial area and residential Meanwhile, greymakes glass front lobby the apartment theOther private context and the struggles to offer userof invitation to in venture inside. The outside space thetheentree happened a ensured more natural way. space not be exposed the public street. than the use of greenglass totoassert its dominance the lobbyensured is mostlythe missed Meanwhile, the grey front lobby of the apartment private by pedestrians using the laneway space not be exposed to the publicsimply street.to get from point a to b.

Unsuccessful Residential STUDENT NAME 2: Yilu Interface As a residential building, the interface is unsuccessful due to the overINTERFACE TYPE: Residential commercial design. The QV is unsuccessful connected to due the aisle the As a residential building, theapartment interface is to thenear overLittle Lonsdale streetThe entrance, and residents need permission to near pass the little commercial design. QV apartment is connected to the aisle through thestreet glassentrance, door. Theand shops on both sides squeeze the space of Lonsdale residents need permission to pass through the and the residents may feel over-exposed. Residents be the lobby, glass door. The shops on both sides squeeze the space ofmay the lobby, and disturbed by people passing by, and there are also potential safety risks. the residents may feel over-exposed. Residents may be disturbed by people

passing by, and there are also potential safety risks.

anner and e y placed.

residential interfaces

key findings Showcasing the tectonic joinery of the QV building in Melbourne’s’ CBD, this investigation saw us break into groups (Café, Office, Service, Retail, Residential). This task was incredibly thought provoking as to begin to analyses successful interfaces, we had to define how such a condition could have its success measured. Was this to be aesthetic, was this to be that it performed a necessary function? What became clear is that all had positive and negative elements and those that were deemed ‘successful’ branched spaces between public walkways and private interventions. Those that were unsuccessful, largely harshly demarcated spaces creating very much ‘in-or-out’ atmospheres in their settings. For our mall precincts, consideration of the talking points in this task will be crucial, as the success of an interface is determined by so many factors beyond the control of

the designer, especially when in speculative situations like proposals from this investigation.

Research Question Collage - Darren Tang

site analysis Students undertook an analysis of the key aspects of Westfield Geelong individually or in pairs to determine the ‘DNA’ of the site. Students accomplished this by exploring Geelong’s current condition, future predictions, the site as a regional hub, retail ecology, indigenous significance and history, morphology, land use, context,

interfaces and micro-stories from locals who were interviewed.

Geelong now & in the future POPULATION

Geelong City is also known as the ‘Gateway City’ due to its central location to surrounding Victorian regional centres.

190,592 2016

Lot of workers was moving to Geelong to take advantage of employment opportunities there, which contributes to the population growth.

200,474 2020

Cheaper housing price compared with Melbourne also make people live here.

REVITALIZING CENTRAL GEELONG

“Geelong needs to be recognized in its own right as a great place to visit, live,work and invest in.” Planning for Growth

Smart City

Getting Around

A stronger CBD

Green Spine

Inhabiting the City

203,369 2021

INDUSTRIES

17.4% health care

10.9% retail trade

10.1% education + training

8.5%

manufacturing

4.5%

public administration + safety

10.9%

financial + insurance services

9.0%

accomodation + food services

8.1%

construction

• Wadawurrung People are the Traditional Owners of this land. • Wadawurrung Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (WTOAC) was incorporated to act on behalf of and represent the interests of all Wadawurrung people. •They are responsible for managing and protecting all Wadawurrung Cultural heritage, water, stories and history.

7.1%

professional, scientific + technical services

Future Geelong SITE ANALYSIS / EXERCISE 4 Northern & Western Geelong Growth Areas - 5331 Ha for 110,000 New Residents Northern & Western Geelong Growth Areas - 5331 Ha for 110,000 New Residents

Geelong Urban Forest - 45,000 New Green Spaces and counting Geelong Urban Forest - 45,000 New Green Spaces and counting

Avalon Airport Internation Arrivals Terminal - Currently Underway Avalon Airport Internation Arrivals Terminal - Currently Underway

Geelong 2030 – Population 315,000 – Global City – Connected Rail, Sea, Air Geelong 2030 – Population 315,000 – Global City – Connected Rail, Sea, Air

Fast Rail Link - Arriving from 2024

Spirit of Tasmania - Docking from 2022

Spirit of Tasmania - Docking from 2022 69

Artifical Reef - Project Ongoing

Geelong as a regional centre Geelong as a regional centre

SITE ANALYSIS / EXERCISE 4

MARIBYRONG

MOUNT MERCER

BAMGANIE BAMGANIE

ANAKIEANAKIE SHE OAKS SHE OAKS

LETHBRIDGE

SHELFORD BARUNAH SHELFORD TEESDALE PARK BARUNAH

LARA

TEESDALE

BANNOCKBURN

PARK

HESSE

GNARWARRE

OMBERSLEY

MODEWARRE

SOUTH

MORIAC

SOUTH

BELLS BEACH

ANGLESEA AIREYS INLET

LORNE

PORT PHILLIP BAY

PORTARLINGTON INDENTED HEAD

ST LEONARDS

DRYSDALE

TORQUAY

ANGLESEA

LORNE

ST LEONARDS

OCEAN GROVE WAURN QUEENSCLIFF PONDS BARWON HEADS

BELLS BEACH

ANGLESEA AIREYS INLET HEATH

WERRIBEE

PORTARLINGTON INDENTED HEAD

GEELONG

MODEWARRETORQUAY

ANGLESEA HEATH DEANS MARSH WINCHELSEA

DEANS MARSH

CORIO

PONDS GNARWARRE MORIAC

WINCHELSEA WINCHELSEA

HOPPERS CROSSING

POINT WILSON

DRYSDALE

WAURN

WINCHELSEA

LARAWILSON POINT

M1 GEELONG

INVERLEIGH

WERRIBEE

LITTLE RIVER

CORIO

M1 BANNOCKBURN

INVERLEIGH

HOPPERS MANOR CROSSING LAKES

LITTLE RIVER

LETHBRIDGE

HESSE

TARNEIT TRUGANINA

STAUGHTON

STAUGHTON VALE MEREDITH VALE MEREDITH BALLIANG MANOR BALLIANG STEIGLITZ STEIGLITZ LAKES

Geelong acts as the gateway and regional centre to the Bellarine Peninsula, acting as the in between city.

OCEAN GROVE QUEENSCLIFF SORRENTO ROSEBUD BARWON BLAIRGOWRIE HEADS RYE

SORRENTO

ROSEBUD BLAIRGOWRIE RYE

Geelong acts as the gateway and regional centre to the Be larine Peninsula, acting as th in between city. 10M

MOUNT MERCER

MARIBYRONG

ted Hea

wreck

Ind

PORT PHILLIP BAY

INDENTED HEAD

GEELONG

nards P i

TOR Q

scli

our

OCEAN GROVE

QUEENSCLIFF

- SURF BE AY

ST LEONARDS

POINT LONSDALE

- BACK

SORRE

SORRENTO

ACH

hthouse

OCE

sdale- l

ach

BELLS BEACH

GROVE

TORQUAY

Po i nt L

BELL

ACH-

Pr in

Geelong’s retail ecology

4. 3.

Geelong has over 13 retail centre’s and shopping malls begging the question; How do we turn Westfield Shopping Centre into a public space that people will travel past these other malls to get to?

Little 1. JB Hi Fi 2. Bunnings 3. Waurn Ponds Hotel 4. Officeworks HOMEMAKER CENTRE WAURN PONDS

p St

Malo

1. JB Hi Fi 2. Cotton On 3. Chemist MARKET SQUARE GEELONG

Geelong Land Use Map Key 1. Westfield 2. Market Square

3. Pakington Strand 5. Geelong Gate Homemaker Centre 6. Bell Post Hill Shopping Centre

t High S

4. Corio Shopping Village

tr nS

gto

kin Pa

and

7. Geelong West Shopping Street 8. Homemaker Centre 3.

12. Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre

d nt R

asa

Ple

1. McDonalds 2. Kmart 3. Coles

13. Waurn Ponds Homemaker Centre

BELMONT VILLAGE SHOPPING CENTRE

1. Woolworths PAKINGTON STRAND

9. Bellarine Village Shopping Centre 10. Newcomb Central Shopping Centre 11. Gateway Plaza Leopold

5 4 6

Corio Bay

3 1

Geelong

G E E LONG LAND US E S UB UR B OUT LINE R OAD T R ANS P OR T WAT E R B ODIE S

AC T IV IT Y C E NT R E ZONE S HOP P ING ZONE S C OMMONWE ALT H LAND

910 11

G E NE R AL R E S IDE NT IAL ZONE INDUS T R IAL ZONE MIXE D US E ZONE P OR T ZONE P UB LIC PAR K AND R E C R E AT ION ZONE P UB LIC US E ZONE P UB LIC US E ZONE - T R ANS P OR T R UR AL AC T IV IT Y ZONE

12 73

S P E C IAL US E ZONE

Geelong connected “Water is sacred to the traditional way of life. Its value is intangible. The Barwon River is a very ancient system. For our people, the wetlands and river have sustained births, deaths, marriages, food, trade, festivals, medicines, totems, shelter … It gives us a spiritual connection to country. Nature, plants, trees, birds, insects, which are all part of the ecosystem as we know it to be. It is intangible.” (Ron Arnold, Guligad elder from the Gadubanud nation) Wathaurong: The Magpie Maeewan nyanbo meerree Long time before today… The sky covered the earth making everyone crawl around in the dark. The Magpies, being proud and industrious, gathered and worked to raise the sky so everyone could move about freely. They gathered some long sticks and fighting hard they lifted the sky up. They placed the long sticks on small and big rocks, they fought to lift the sky even higher. The sky split open, showing the beauty of the first sunrise. They were so overjoyed to see the light and feel the warmth of the sun’s heat, they burst into song. As they sang, the blanket of darkness broke and drifted away like clouds. To this day the Magpies greet the sunrise with their joyful song. 74

Re-told by Uncle David Tournier

Ma l

ine Sp

et Gre en Stre op

ythm of Life Rh

iliation W onc e ec

Biodiversity region 7 - BlackWood - Red River Gum - Silver Wattle - Black Sheoke - Moonah - Golden Wattle - Kangaroo Grass - Manna Gum

dgum Island Re r Tree s Sca

s nd

nial gro mo u re

Indigenous, parkland vegetation uacultura Aq l

Indigenous, urban street vegetaion Biodiversity region 7 Biodiversity region 17 75

Biodiversity region 17 - Red box - Grey box - Yellow box - Buloke - Red River Gum

BARW ON RIV

1:15 000

Geelong over time Key Moments in Geelong’s History

1840

1802

The small town of Geelong has become the principal port for a booming wool industry across the western districts and the Geelong Advertiser is founded by James Harrison

Lieutenant John Murray discovers and explores Corio Bay, part of Wadawurrung country that has been occupied by the traditional owners for over 25,000 years

1910

1902

Geelong was proclaimed a city

Electric street lights were introduced Westfield Geelong, then known as Bay City Plaza finished construction and is unveiled by Premier John Cain

George Lindsay and Alex McKenzie form Target, a drapery store that primarily sold manchester and fabrics.

1988

Ford commences operation in Geelong, further affirming the city as a manufacturing hub, bringing wealth and multi-culturalism to the city

1950

Myer acquires Morris Jacobs, one of Geelongs major retailers situated on the southern side of Malop Street.

2008

The shopping centre, now owned by Westfield, is redeveloped and expanded with the construction of a flyover over Yarra Street.

1926

1925

1856

James Harrison patents his design for the first practical vapor compression refrigeration system

Geelong morphology

attempted to be revitalized - both successfully and unsuccessfully - to breath new life into the urban. Grand eighteenth and nineteenth century buildings which were once for industrial or residential use, have been re-purposed as cafes, art galleries, museums and many more typologies, attempting to engage with the Geelong community and feed into the idea ot enriching the finer grain of the city.

Heritage sites in Geelong cluster around the central city, where many sites have

The public realm of Geelong is bounded by the streets, laneways, parks, water and on-grade car parking. Geelong shopping mall is in close proximity to the waterfront, which holds great value. The streets of Geelong replicate the huddle grid of Melbourne CBD, and mimic laneways that are densified throughout the day over to the night. Alongside, ongrade parking takes up significant portion of Geelongs footprint.

geelong’s central morphology

Central Geelong land use With Westfield Geelong as the focal point, this diagram demonstrates over 9 blocks the indicative land use of the proposed site. From the analysis we have broken this down into 8 categories: Retail, Hospitality, Office, Health, Community, Cultural, Residential and Parking. It was noted that within the 9 blocks the centre was primary retail and hospitality with the edges featuring more residential and office typologies. Another observation of the site was that there were large amounts of private sheltered parking lots and unsheltered parking lots. Retail Hospitality Office Health Community Culture Residential Parking

Education

westfield in context Despite Westfield Geelong’s central BAY CORIO ORE FORESH E RESERV

BAY CORIO HORE FORES VE RESER

AD CH RO N BEA

EASTER

L VAA

NS TRA

T REE

T IO S

IO COR

the parallel Market Square Shopping

ARE SQU

by Malop, Yarra, Brougham and

There’s great opportunity for Westfield

Moorabool Streets. The mall has

to utilize it’s prime location and large

an entry at each of the four streets,

land size to enhance user experience

1 MALOP with STREET however, the exemption of the

of the mall as well as build meaningful

2 entry YARRA STREET main on Malop Street, none of

connections to the surrounding streets,

BROUGHAM STREET the3other entrances open up to an

the natural environment and other

4 MOORABOOL activated partSTREET of the city, nor are the

retailers.

entrances particularly visible or inviting

A ET

E STR

Geelong’s populated city streets and

streets, the bay and city life. Westfield Geelong is boardered

OAD ACH R RN BE EASTE COR

The mall feels closed off from

is disconnected from its surrounding

center.

RE QUA AL S

SVA

N TRA

location within the city grid, the mall

at street level.

WESTFIELD GEELONG

MARKET SQUARE GEELONG

Situated half a block away from

1 4

IO COR

STR OP MAL

foreshore, the mall has only allowed from the interior.

A B S

Geelong’s main attraction, it’s for a single viewing point of the water

EET

MALOP STREET

YARRA STREET

BROUGHAM STREET

MOORABOOL STREET

WESTFIELD GEELONG

MARKET SQUARE GEELONG

LITT

EET

STR

U N

N ST

A EET

STR RIO

IE RYR

EET

STR

1 4

EET

STR

N A B S

P ALO LE M

LITT

Geelong geelong westfield

ol S

rabo

Moo

Bro

ugh

ol S

rabo

Moo

Bro

r Yar

1 LO

ugh

GROUND

GROUND key Key Stores Cafe & Restraunt

Key

Beauty & Wellness & Health 1

Myer

Cafe & Restraunt Dock

Big W

Target

Beauty & Wellness & Health Cark Park Information & Services Bathroom Dock Escalator Cark Park vacancy Bathroom

1 4Myer Coles 2

Big W

Pedestrain Access Target

Vehicle Access Coles

Escalator

Pedestrain Access

vacancy

Vehicle Access

BASEMENT

BASEMENT 84

Stores Information & Services

ROOF

It is surprising that carpark spaces is taking almost half of the Westfield’s all usage, the carpark can allow up to 1100 cars. Ankorstore also takes huge amount of space, as they are taking almost one-third of all stores space It is surprising that carpark spaces is taking almost half of the Westfield’s all usage, the carpark can allow up to 1100 cars.

key facts also takes huge amount KeyAnkorstore Facts of space, as they are taking almost

Myerone-third of all stores space- 15065 m

Big W

- 7000 m

Target

- 6900 m

Key Facts

Coles

Myer

4 LEVEL 1

LEVEL 1

- 3739 m - 15065 m

Stores Big W

- 101732 mm - 7000

Car park Target

- 98642 m m - 6900

CafeColes & Restraunt

- 11623 m m - 3739

Beauty & Wellness & Health

- 3431 m

Stores

- 101732 m

Car park

- 98642 m

Cafe & Restraunt

- 11623 m

Beauty & Wellness & Health

- 3431 m

interfaces

24 m

INSIDE THE BRIDGE IS A CAFE THAT CAN SEE THE SEA AND CITY VIEW AT TWO SIDES THROUGH THE GLASS FACADE.

18 m

MYER IN WESTFIELD