UNDER GROUND CITY
LIFE AFTER WARS 1
CON TEN TS/
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INTRO SCENARIO EYAL WEIZMAN
SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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DECONSTRUTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION SUPERMODERNITY WORKS CONCLUSION
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NTRO SCENARIO EYAL WEIZMAN
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LIFE AFTER WARS IN 2087
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IN SC EY
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NTRO SCENARIO EYAL WEIZMAN
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IN SC EY
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This year project is a very personal one where it revolves around a passion and interest that I have developed over time. International relations was the big umbrella; where it was then zoomed onto deterrance and diplomacy. In this project, I have integrated the act of deterrance and diplomacy into an interior design project. Deterrance here, take the form of violence and war. Diplomacy, is how people are able to make peace in times of war. If I were to sum up this project in a few words, it would be :
IN TRO DUCT ION /
“Finding the calm in the chaos”
In this project I have used several theories to aid me in the process of designing the space and also as research to support the claim that I am making and designing. The theories range from Design to Literature and Criminal Forensics. The theoreticians that I have picked has something in common with the way their theory applies. It’s contradictory, has a mix of irony and is neither here or neither there. Some of the theories used will not exactly help me in this project, however, it has helped me in the thinking process towards this project. ‘Deconstructivism’, ‘Situationists’, ‘Walking Through Concrete Walls’ and ‘From a Place to a Non-Place’.
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NTRO SCENARIO EYAL WEIZMAN
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CHEMICAL ATTACK HAS HIT MAINLAND SINGAPORE //
ALL CIVILIANS ARE TO EVACUATE INTO UNDERGROUND STATIONS TO AVOID HIGH RADIATION LEVELS //
THE ARMY ARE DEPLOYED TO ALL UNDERGROUND SECTORS IN THE CASE OF AMBUSH //
THE HOPES OF SURVIVALITY AND SUSTAINING HUMAN LIVES DEPEND ON THE UNDERGROUND BUNKERS //
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IN S E
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How does one integrate a very political initial thought process into an interior design project? The design intent of this is to create a dual usage underground emergency system that acts as a form of refuge for civilians from the chemical attack that has hit mainland Singapore. This emergency system is able to switch from a retail experience into a life saving space which includes bunkers that acts as residentials, sanitary and toilets, medical surgical wards, food and water ration points. This project shows how an underground emergency system is able to thrive even after being hit with a deadly attack. This project is further supported by four philosophical thinkers. The purpose of this underground bunker is to sustain human life and increase the survivality rates of Singaporeans. As this underground bunker takes place in a retail mall, it also challenges the space as a nonplace into a place, where people are able to empower their sense of identity is a dense environment through re-inhabitation and re-programming to achieve a new and potential social utopia with new rules of governance
2087 The year everything took place and the time it started
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NTRO SCENARIO EYAL WEIZMAN
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MOVING THROUGH WALLS IS A 3D-MOVEMENT CROSS SOLID FABRIC, IT UTS ACROSS THAN TO SUBMIT O AUTHORITY OF WALLS, LAWS ND BORDERS //
ENERAL AVIV KOKHAVI 002
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Urban warfare usually takes place in war-torn countries, trying to grasp hold of political and strategic conditions. Qouted by Eyal Weizan saying, , ‘there is an emergent relationship between conflict and space where urban warfare tactics redefine physical relation of the wall’. In this sense, walls has lost it’s meaning of traditional concept of opacity and materialiy, becoming permeable elements. So how does a research about urban warfare have any little relevance to an interior design project seeing that these topics are on opposite ends? The concept of ‘Walking Through Walls’ was invented by the Israeli soldiers to gain more of a upper hand while planning an assault against their enemies. They blew through the walls of civilian homes just to not get in direct contact with the enemy and by doing so, they are able to manage a surprise assault from the rear. The same concept can be applied to a Singaporean context of underground passageways that links shopping malls, railway tracks and underground expressways from Point A to Point B. The demolition of the walls creates an underground network that operates like a city except that the concept is used in a more commercialised manner due to climatic conditions as per according to the country.
EYAL WEIZMAN /
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IN S E
Israeli soldiers passing through walls of Palestinians civilians whilst breaking territories
Picture credit goes to Eyal Weizman’s essay, ‘Walking Through Walls - Soldiers As Architects’
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In this case, climatic conditions refers to economic, political, social and cultural. For the Palestinians, they are facing with a political climate due to being in a war zone where the element of the wall separates the civilians from the hostilities of the external environment such as explosions. Their interiors are build for such situations and to be highly adaptable to the different scenarios. On the other hand, in Singapore context, the demolishing of the wall and the concept of walking through these demolished walls are highly used for economic and social climate. An example would be the linkage from Takashimaya, Ion Orchard and Ngee Ann City through underground passageways whereby one is walking through these underground passageways for commercial usage like shopping and eating. Amidst all the overlaying layers of underground pedestrian networks and linkways, URA has a masterplan of creating walkable places in Singapore, not only they are implementing above ground, it can be seen below ground through networks between shopping malls in the city centre.
CONCEPT: Walking Through Walls. Soldiers trespassing civilians homes as a military strategy.
M W A C TO A
LINK: Underground shopping malls as demolition of walls are used in commercial manner APPLICATION OF THEORY TO PRACTICE
THOUGHT: Underground shopping malls are only designed for commercial and economic purposes. Is there a way to make it inhabitable?
LINK: Underground shopping malls creates a network, same as how walking through walls acts as a worm that digs underground to form home and habitation.
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NTRO SCENARIO EYAL WEIZMAN
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THERE IS AN EMERGENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONFLICT AND SPACE /
1. Firing around cover 2. Firing from window 3. Firing from loophole 4. Firing from high ground 5. Move over loophole 6. Avoid enemy firearm 7. Loophole for grenade 8. Breach hole for mobility All images are referenced from a handbook Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) by Department of Navy, US
EYAL WEIZMAN 2002
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IN S E
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Through this case study of urban warfare, what can it teach terms of the tactics that has been used and how can it be applied to spatial planning and interiors? What is so special about the tactics where is it able to carefully plan urban planning and interior spaces? By implementing these tactics into these below ground. It is able to solve spatial issues in regards to a dual-usage inhabitation program. What urban warfare have in common with the UCMP is the fight for survival. As my scenario briefs that Singapore is under attack by a chemical warfare, it becomes so necessary to adopt urban warfare tactics and implement it into the underground sector to increase survivality rates. Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) is a strategy manual where soldiers abide to. It is a series of tactics which is able to enhance a soldier’s survivality rate. By using MOUT as a guide to the different types of manevouring in urban warfare, I will be implementing it into below ground. Urban Warfare refers to combat held in towns or cities and is very different on an operational and tactical level. What heightens up the complexity of these battles is that it includes the presence of civilians nd the geographical urban terrain. Tactics and strategic thinking are complicated in a three-dimensional environment where everything is being mix together. In Urban Warfare, the kill rate is very high therefore, with MOUT, it is possible to reduce such numbers. It involves a series of creative methods to challenge the normal methods.
URBAN WARFARE /
T R B S
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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DERIVE AND SITUATIONISTS
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D A S
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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MODE OF EXPERIMENTAL EHAVIOR LINKED TO HE CONDITIONS OF URBAN OCIETY: A TECHNIQUE OF APID PASSAGE HROUGH VARIED MBIENCE //
Collage of The Situationists & method of Derive
UY DEBORD 956
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The Situationists is an internation organization that is made of social revolutionaries like avant-garde artists, political theorists and intellectuals. The group derived from anti-authoritian Marxism and avant-garde art movements like Dada-ism and Surrealism. The Situationsts attemped to unify various types of field of theoretical disciplines into a more modern and advanced capitalist. They believed that individual expression through objects has a damaging impact on the quality of human life for an individual and also the society. When they formed, it focused more on concepts like psychogeography and unitary urbanism. The focus started to take a shift towards political theory and revolutionary. In this research, I’ll be focusing on psychogeography and its Derive. The definitation of Derive is defined as “In a dérive one or more persons during a certain period drop their usual motives for movement and action, their relations, their work and leisure activities, and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters they find there.” In this experiment, Derive will be implemented to find out if this tactic is able to be used on the battlefield. According to General Aviv, Derive is helpful in drawing out plans, but is it practical to have Derive put into place during wartime?
THE SITUA TIONSTS /
A B TH S R TH A
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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CONCEPT : GUY DEBORD, DERIVE, PSYCHOGEOGRAPHY //
LINK : ME BEING A SOLDIER NAVIGATING MY NEIGHBORHOOD TOWN WITH DERIVE //
LINK : FINDING SIMILAR TERMINOLOGIES BETWEEN DERIVE AND THE ARMY //
THOUGHT : IF ENEMIES ARE REGARDED AS ‘PATTERNED BOREDOM’, WHERE IS THE FREEDOM KNOWING THAT ENEMIES HAS TO BE TAKEN DOWN // 18
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Abstract collage showing the contradiction between enemy and attraction
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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CONCEPT : GUY DEBORD, DERIVE, PSYCHOGEOGRAPHY //
LINK : ME BEING A SOLDIER NAVIGATING MY NEIGHBORHOOD TOWN WITH DERIVE //
LINK : FINDING SIMILAR TERMINOLOGIES BETWEEN DERIVE AND THE ARMY //
THOUGHT : IT DOES NOT WORK IN THIS SHOPPING MALL AS I’M CONSTANTLY ATTRACTED TO SHOPS, IS THIS METHOD ANTI-CAPITALIST // 20
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Abstract collage showing Derive in Bedok New Town
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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WHEN IN DERIVE ONE IS DRAWN TO ATTRACTION. IN WAR, ENEMIES ARE REGARDED AS ATTRACTION //
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W O AT EN RE AS
A visual illustration demonstrating how war would look like if Derive is used as a strategy tactic
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
02 Blitzkreig warfare strategy if used on Bedok New Town
Enemy points (EP) and Attraction points (AP) in contradiction with each other
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This is a comparison between a military strategy used by the Germans in World War Two and the method of Derive if used as a military strategy. Blitzkreig method is systematic and well structured and complements with its upcoming actions which results in effective takeover of a territory and completing objectives. However, if Derive is used as one of a military tactic, the swiftness of tactics will go haywire. Those strategies does not have a specific structure or template as it relies on a commander’s gut, instincts, desire and feelings. Remember, the theory of the dÊrive is an attempt to end this pattern of boredom that occurs throughout the day of daily usage. With this, I question myself, whether if enemies on the battlefield are regarded as patterned boredom, then where is the freedom (as according to Derive) in knowing that enemies should be taken down? If according to Derive, you are drawn to attractions on the terrain, then in the battlefield, enemies will be regarded as attraction as well. Does that mean soldiers follow their instintcs and guts even though they should be following a structured, wellthought strategy?
THE COMPA RISON /
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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Bunch of teens chilling by stairs An old uncle lying down on a bench
Entering the next open building
Attracted to a culinary studio Huge bin on the road
Attracted to Heartbeat@Bedok Shopping trolley in the plaza
Mini park Round a carpark Contacting a friend Headed to a mini park
Foll lady dre bloc
Bed frame near a dumpster
Lowest of bloc service
Following the talle building for 7 minu
Steps taken while being in Derive at Bedok New Town as a soldier
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////////// Admiring the rainy weather Cute dog crossing
lowing a y in black ess for 4 cks
t point ck e room
est utes
Tired Contemplating Bicycle in motion
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Shown to the left is the documentation of me as a soldier while in Derive. Firstly, if this was a warzone, I would have already been dead because in urban warfare, no soldier would blindly enter a battlefield without plan. Derive’s method is to make sure that one is attracted to things around him. If one is not focusing on the hostile, and instead focuses on a landmark, it becomes ever dangerouns for a soldier to complete the mission plan. Secondly, it is almost impractical to have a battle plan that folloes Derive’s methods in urban warfare. In warfare, there are always and constantly goals that needs to be accomplshed to get the upper hand. In Derive, one can choose what to do and where to go. In this case, a soldier has the right not to participate in battle altogether, because why would he gamble his life when he could just leave the front lines? At the end of the day, it is not suitable to have Derive in the usage of military tactics but the method of illustration of derive can be used to draw better battleplans and strategies. I even took the method of Derive inside a shopping mall but it was a failure, as every other store, I was attracted to the goods sold inside. The only place that I could be able to get myself together was in the toilets.The table shown in the next page is a difference in the terminologies used while in Derive and in the military. The table is a concise list of actions taken if the method of Derive were to be implemented into military strategies.
THE DERIVE IN BEDOK /
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SITUATIONISTS WORKS CONCLUSION
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The experiementation with The Situationists to find out its theory can be used as a measure in the underground bunker seems to be a failure. It have not given me concrete comparison between the army way of doing things and the civilian way of handling day to day activities. By the end of this expriement and thinking process, I thought that there was too much of a vast difference between two terminologies. It also started to become an irony to one another as both has different ways of approaching the subject. Derive was more of a theory with focuses more on emotions and feelings like the army resents that kind of thinking. In the warzone, it will only get one killed or become a burden to the brigade. The army follows a much rather practical thinking rather than to dwaddle with abstract concepts. While doing the Derive in Bedok New Town, I also realised that Derive does not work in a very capitalist environment with many stores and shops. This was rather shown when I entered the shopping mall and tended to go into stores that had sales or clothing that I liked, dismissing the fact I was attracted to something else before going into the store. This experiement was a tough nut to crack as I had to figure the difference in terminologies and come out with visualisations on my thinking process, coming from a perspective of a soldier
CON CLUS ION /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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DECONSTRUCT TO RECONSTRUCT
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D T R
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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“ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A BUILDING AND ITS USERS IS ONE OF VIOLENCE, FOR ANY USE MEANS THE INTRUSION OF A HUMAN BODY INTO A GIVEN SPACE, THE INTRUSION OF ONE ORDER INTO ANOTHER” - BERNARD TSCHUMI, 1976
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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In Parc De Le Villette, there are two underlying layers which makes the Parc a whole. First is the design elements of the park and the second is the construction of the follies. Designing the parc and the follies are determined on one theory, Deconstructivism. It was a concept by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in semiotic analysis. However, Tschumi implemented the use of Deconstructivism in architecture and design. Deconstructivism is a movement in postmodern architecture which gives buildings an impression of fluid fragmentation and distortion. It is characterized by the absence of harmony, continuity and symmetry. While designing the Parc, Tschumi used three main principles: POINTS, LINES, SURFACES. The park is designed on a grid. On the intersection of the grids are follies which represents POINTS. These follies are a point of intensity. The unique structure of the follies creates a sense of attractive and acts as guides across the parc. The follies do not have a specific programme to it and only acts as a symbol however, the inhabitation of the follies are made known by the people of the park. LINES in the parc correspond to movement of people, circulation, in a sense. There are two 5 metres long
DECON STRUC TIVISM /
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Diagrams of how Tschumi started off the parc with
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paths that cuts across the entire path from the entrance to the exit which gives better access to the city. Tschumi was able to create a perfect balance of minimal deconstruction and loss of cohesion. He had to go through a few stages of reworking the designs to create a cohesive design. This can be seen from the two diagrams at the bottom. SURFACES of the parc are left for green spaces. These spaces are where people are able to make up their programmes like picnics or outdoor movies scenes. CONCEPT: Points, Lines, Surfaces in Parc De La Villette
LINK: Focusing on POINTS to further establish how it links to urban warfare APPLICATION OF THEORY TO PRACTICE
Picture credit goes to Bernard Tschumi’s Architects
THOUGHT: These follies could be implemented inside the UCMP as a form of node for civilians to gather for entertainment purposes (inhabitation or programming) and also as a form of security point where soldiers take up arms to protect the underground (which is a last case scenario)
LINK: How these follies have highs and lows and how urban warfare uses highs and lows as a form of advantage
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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D PR W CO High lookout points for sniping positions
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Great concealment and coverage for soldiers
Potential space for headquaters and rendezvous point
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The follies in Parc De La Villette has very interesting shapes and structure. Therefore because of this, due to the nature of urban warfare, these follies could become points where a soldier is able to make use of its structure for better advantage. As stated in the brief, I will be designing a dual-usage environment where civilians and soldiers are able to use the space in times of neccessary. The first part of this sub-project is doing the research on the military and how it can be intertwined with civilian places of to-go, before going on to how these follies can be used for dual purposes. I will be experimenting and making follies of my own by following Tschumi’s framework. In this project, I will also be establishing the different terminology used in the military to civilians to the retail underground. The usage of follies are the main pinnacle point in this sub-project as it starts to challenge the dual-usage environment where both parties are able to inhabit into one. It also starts to question the bigger picture from here, can a city emerged from the creation of these dual inhabitation environments?
THE THINKING PROCESS /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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LINES
POINTS
SURFACES
LINES Soldier Usage - Observation and fields of fire Civilian Usage - Refer to lineage of stores to increase economic profits
POINTS Soldier Usage - Rendevzous point Civilian Usage - Node, Gather spot
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SURFACES Soldier Usage Materiality that affects firepower Civilian Usage Visual display of a store that increases customer walk-ins
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The sketch to the left is a concept sketch of the follies. The follies are placed strategically as according to their edges. It starts to complement one another according to MOUT tactics and then adapting the usage of points, lines and surfaces into the design of these follies. The purpose of this sketch was to understand the relationship between the structure of the follies and how urban warfare tactics are able to inhabit the structure for military usage. The sketch started off with a grid system to articulate the circulation around the conceptual space and by using field of views to pinpoint where the windows are placed for best offensive and defensive positions.The reason why these buildings have odd shapes, is due to effective concealment and coverage where I was influenced by the follies. These buildings acts as points in the sketch while the lines refers to vantage points and circulation of the entire area. In this resarch, I was also thinking about how such unique building shape could be of use to the civilians and then moving on how these follies could be implemented into the underground bunker system for a cohesive environment
THE THINKING PROCESS /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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SURFACES
POINTS
LINES
SURFACES
POINTS
LINES
Wisma Atria at Orchard Central
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The table above shows the different terminologies used in different settings but they share the same principles as according to Tschumi’s principles. The two pictures on the left page shows how these references are applied to a site. In this case, it is Wisma Atria. Here I was trying to link different terms together and get a sense what was what in a underground shopping mall. Upon pin-pointing different terms in the shopping mall, I decided to make my own follies which in turn will be placed underground as a dual-usage system to tackle the research question at the start of this portfolio. However to make it, I had to deconstruct Wisma Atria and then reconstruct it back to form the ingrediants in the making of these follies.
TSCHUMI’S PRINCIPLE
MILITARY TERMS
CIVILIAN TERMS
POINTS
RENDEVZOUS POINT
NODES, GATHER SPOTS
LINES
OBSERVATION LINE LINE OF FIRE-POWER
CIRCULATION OF SPACE
SURFACES
BUILDING STRUCTURE AND MATERIALITY
VISUAL DISPLAY OF STORES
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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STEP 1 : CUBE USING THE SAME REPEAT SYSTEM //
STEP 2 : CUBE DIVIDED INTO 3 DIRECTIONS FORMING A CAGE //
STEP 3 : CAGE DECOMPOSED INTO FRAGMENTS OR EXTENDED ACCORDING TO COMBINATORY PRINCIPLES //
STEP 4 : CREATIVE DEVIATION ALTERS RELATIONSHIP TO GRID, BECOMING SUPPORT FOR TRANGRESSIVE ARCHITECTURE TO DEVELOP FROM CUBE //
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CAGE CUBE
CREATIVE DEVIATION
DECONSTRUCTION LEADS TO BASIC SHAPES
DECOMPOSE
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Deconstruct to reconstruct. In order for me to create my own follies, I had to deconstruct Wisma Atria into basic shapes and then use these basic shapes to form the follies. There are specific steps to how Tschumi create his follies and I will be following this framework of his. As these follies are main points where civilians gather and soldiers are able to use it as well, the placement of these follies are to be placed in the most density centred areas where civilians are likely to gather. This way, civilians are able to gather and in these follies, revealing how inhabitations has allow the follies to thrive while soldiers are able to defend it when potential enemies might ambush. There are a series of steps that Tschumi takes while making his follies but before he started to turn it into unique shapes, all follies started off with a cube. From there, he started to deviate and decompose the cube into an alternate reality using simple and basic design principles to create a finish-unfinished outlook. To the left of the page is a simplified veresion of the steps taken when making the follie.
THE FOLLY METHOD /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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DECONSTRUCT TO RECONSTRUCT
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D T R
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION Ion Orchard Main MRT Station: Orchard MRT First connection node to travel out to different parts of the city. Well connected to Wisma Atria to form an underground network to Ngee Ann City, Takashimaya. Further developments are under construction by the government of Singapore
WISMA ATRIA Main MRT Station: Orchard MRT Site of design and reconstruction in transforming its retail underground network into a dual-usage environment to support human life after the crisis of a chemical attack on Singapore home ground Human Traffic Accesibility Heat Levels
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D PR W CO 3rd Level Food Republic on the third floor is the main source people come here after shopping down the previous floors. Or else, people would use Basement 2 as a form of linkway passage from Ion Orchard MRT station to Ngee Ann City, Takashimaya to avoid heat and UV rays from the outside
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1st Level 1st Level Back entrance of Wisma Atria
This is the front entrance of Wisma Atria. However, from Orchard MRT, one can head up the escalator to reach this front entrance instead of taking the underground passageway
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
03.5
Front entrance from Orchard MRT station. The amount of people clustered together here is imense as they stop to figure where they are going. Furthermore, there is a small store that sells fingerfood,and people start a line
Current layout plan of Wisma Atria
Due to a newly open juice bar, most people flock here to get some. At the same time, the women would visit the large Mango store whilst waiting. It’s a narrow passageway and the space is limited to a handful of people
Space here is even tighter due to a pizza joint and a coffee place. Next to it is a large Cotton On store and Etude House. People flog this area as Cotton On usually have sales and there’s is food outlets nearby
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The series of shops on the underground mall don’t play a role in the overall economic contribution as people take Wisma Atria as a pass-through. Part of the shops are trying to attract customers by having their employees outside of the store to tempt customers in. Much like the other side of the mall, these stores will be expanded as well to accomodate people that will take residence here. Most of these stores will be turned into bunkers for sleep and basic needs for necessities. The points shown in the image on the left shows intensity points where people gather the most. These intensity points will then be converted to a node where follies are able to be placed here. Most of the time, food joints are where people get a congested place the most where lines form and the walkway space is very limited. Pointing out these points in this mall makes sense as eventually these spaces will be used up for programming during a war outbreak. Entrances to this mall will largely be used up by security services to control the flow of people entering during times of emergency
INTEN SITY POINTS /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION Beside the escalator is the worst space to be standing at because people queue up at the ATM machines and hordes of tourists are going up to the 2nd floor. On top of that, pillar treatment here is not pleasing to the eyes therefore in the design, I will have to take note of the treatment here which will affect the circulation of the underground bunker system
03.5 Current layout plan of Wisma Atria
Here, people from Ngeen Ann City go through here as well. The maximum measurement of the passageway is lesser that 3m making it very difficult for a to-and-fro network. It is very congested and the air-con does not do justice there, I shall be opening up this spot to lighten the claustrophobic atmosphere
It’s not packed here at all despite having food stalls. However, if make a turn, people crowd there due to a new opening of a juice bar plus there are Japanese street snacks. This spot is a potential place where underground residence are able to collect their food rations and water
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One of the biggest stores is Mango and I feel it is really a waste of space as most of the time, customers don’t enter the store, even if they do, they browse and leave for Ngee Ann City. Space can be subdivided into several parts therefore in my upcoming design, the subdivision of this space can be catered to different types of usages that is able to be of use to the underground bunkers like emergency surgical wards and back-end kitchen. Alignment of different stores that lead up to the exit and towards Ngee Ann City. Walking space is too small to accomodate the passageway. Most of the people don’t stop at the shops even though it is within their sights. Even if these stores were to be of dual-usage to the people who will accomodate here, stores are too small. Therefore, in the upcoming design, the expansion of each store is necessary to hold up a maximum number of people. As the store is a form of home or bunker, basic needs like toilets and shower room needs to be implemented
INTEN SITY POINTS /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
03.5
FOLLIE AMBH FOLLIE RNDV
FOLLIE OCTC FOLLIE BKR1
FOLLIE RTS1 FOLLIE BKR8
FOLLIE FTAD
FOLLIE AMMT
FOLLIE BKR4
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The diagram above shows the spots where my follies will be implemented. Most of these spots are concentration points. The follies in these spots acts as a node for civilians to gather to. In Parc De La Villete, the programs are created by the manifestation of humans, therefore in this case, my follies acts the same. Each follie has their own specific program to aid people in their lives in the underground bunkers. However, at the same time, these follies are also nodal points for the military. In a case where enemy are trying to infiltrate, these follies can be switched up to a military stronghold. The interchangeable program of each follie is able to sustain both inhabitations of civilians and the military. During an outbreak the military are to take control over. Each follie has its own unique programming as according to their surrounding environments or how the people want it to be. As at the end of the day, its how the inhabitation of the follies that allows it to thrive. However by default, these follies programming are placed as according to it’s surrounding nature.
PLACE MENT OF FOLLIES /
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
03.5
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As this underground unit comprise of retail which can be switch to bunkers, I have picked zoned out the various stores and what it will be if it was switched over to sustain human life. Small stores are mostly switched to bunkers with full toilet facilities while most food joints are switched over to food and water ration points. In this case, it is easier to retain the appliances in the current store layout. First Aid points are scattered throughout the underground retail so that it is able to reach to all civilians. The bigger First Air station consists of surgical wards for serious conditions. As it might get a little boring in this bunker, big stores are swtiched to entertainment zones to accomodate the lifestyle of the people living here. Most necessities are coloured purple where people are able to purchase basic needs like toilet paper and other things. Zones marked black are spaces for the military and security command centre.
DUAL USAGE INTERIORS /
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0 Retail x Bunkers Retail x Military Command Centre Retail x Military Bunkers Retail x Pharmacy Retail x Ration Point Retail x Entertainment Area Retail x Necessities Store
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
NGEE ANN SHOPPING CENTRE
The follies that are applied to Wisma Atria will also be applied throughout the whole stretch of Ngee Ann City and so on. This is done so that the usage of underground bunkers are not limited to only Wisma Atria as it might cause a overpopulated space which could start an epidemic in a constriant space
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WISMA ATRIA SHOPPING CENTRE
ION ORCHARD SHOPPING CENTRE
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03.5
WISMA ATRIA FOLLIES
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Follie OCTC, also known as Follie Obstruction. The main part of this follie is an Obstruction point for the military. However, for civilian usage, it is used as an interactive board display and as a place to sit. For military wise, these panels are able to create cover and concleament during an attack but at the same time can be used as a point for ambushes to hold up enemy forces.
FOLLIE OCTC CIVILIAN / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
Follie OCTC during times of peace
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Follie OCTC, also known as Follie Obstruction. In the military usage, things get a little hyped as the follie is prepared for battle. With a permission card, the follie is able to transform itself into battle mode. In battle mode, shutters will close down all the shops to prevent any damage of property. Soldies are deployed to respective follies to push out enemy forces and secure the area
FOLLIE OCTC MILITARY / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
Follie OCTC during times of outbreak
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Civilian Usage Civilians are able to pull the board down to use for seating. Therefore this follie is also a rest stop Military Usage Military are able to use this board as an obstruction to avoid any incoming shots in the case of a fighting breakout
03.5
Military Usage Panel is able to more up and for obstruction and for conc purposes Civilian Usage For use of information panel and interactive display board Military Usage This panel can be used by soldiers to plan attacks and strategize their moves
Military Usage Authorized personnel access panel which gives permission for usage of the follie under military control
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d down cealing
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THE DESIGN PROCESS /
Civilians - Rest spots, Information panels, Customer service Military - Obstruction and Ambush points
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION Security openings can only be activated once the right ID gives access for the panel to be switched on, will not open or close randomly
Touch screen ID sensor, which can only be switched on by management office to kickstart the information panel
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One of the details for Follie OCTC is the Information Panel which are attached to the follie panels. The panel can only be activated by higher management in charge of the panels. Civilians are able to ask customer service for help and it can be used for wayfinding purposes. During in times of battle and for military usage, this panel is activated only for the purpose of military. It is able to give of information on enemy positions, plan next attacks and act as a mini rendevous point.
Main info panel, touch screen and it able to transmit wifi connection to nearby follies or cellphones
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03.5 RETAIL
WALKW
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WAY
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FOLLIE OCT 69
DECONSTRUCTIVISM PROCESS WORKS CONCLUSION
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PAGE BREAK
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P B
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Follie AMMT, also known as Follie Ammunition. This follie purpose serves as a node for kids and adults. The inhabitations here for civilians are a Koi pond where they are able to play in, series of vending machine for food and goodies. For military wise, the follie is a place for ammunition. Most of the ammo are stored underneath the Koi pond where is it mostly for stockpile
FOLLIE AMMT CIVILIAN/ FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
Follie AMMT during times of peace
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03
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Follie OCTC, also known as Follie Obstruction. The main part of this follie is an Ammunition point for the military. Most of the ammunition are taken from here and distributed out to the soldiers guarding the other follies. The platform above is also an example of how soldiers are able to occupy the space to get higher ground positions for better accuracy and sniping enemy
FOLLIE AMMT MILITARY / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
Follie AMMT during times of outbreak
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03.5
Civilian Usage Shadow and lightplay for civilians Military Usage Heavy platform to support heavy artillery which increases firepower
Military Usage Higher ground platform for soldiers to perform counter-attack measures and concealment
Civilian Usage Vending machine areas and hot food Military Usage Acts as a mini rendevzous point and soldiers has access to the top platform
Civilian Usage Koi pond and seating area Military Usage Ammunition boxes are laid out underneath the Koi pond in the case of shortage as a back up
Civilian Usage Vertical greening to complement the Koi pond and targeting the inside to the outside vibe
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THE DESIGN PROCESS / Civilians - Koi pond fountain, Seatings, Vertical greens Military - Rendevzous point, Higher ground platform, Ammunition storage
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03.5 Panel of selection to select drinks or food
Glass window to showcase types of drinks and candies sold
Opening flap for retrieving can drinks and candies
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One of the details for Follie OCTC is the vending machine area. These machines sell a bunch of different stuff from food to merchandise. initially, I had wanted it to be hanging from the top but it will obstruct the vision of the soldiers who are stationed on the heavy platform. If the machines are designed to be in rectangular blocks, the machines could be of good use for concealment and cover
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03.5 RETAIL
WAL
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LKWAY
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FOLLIE AM 81
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PAGE BREAK
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P B
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Follie AMBH, also known as FollieAmbush. This follie sole purpose is for ambush attacks. Soldiers are able to cross from one side of the follie into a interior store for the element of surprise. This crossing is done through a hollow part of the follie. For civilians, the light play on the floor is able to turn on and off when stepped onto. This is reflected from the ceiling
FOLLIE AMBH CIVILIAN/ FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
Follie AMBH during times of peace
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Follie AMBH, also known as FollieAmbush. This follie sole purpose is for ambush attacks. Soldiers cross from one interior to another interior with the element of surprise. The platform above is able to support added weight for higher ground efficiency. Parts of this follie has turns and angles which are able to be of use when an enemy force barges into the territory
FOLLIE AMBH MILITARY / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
Follie AMBH during times of outbreak
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03.5
Civilian Usage Civilians able to witness light effects Military Usage Hollow interior of follie can transport soldiers to the interior of the store for an ambush
Civilian Usage Broadcasting board for sales and other related retail news
Civilian Usage Civilians able to witness light effects Civilian Usage Window display as according to the store
Military Usage Hollow interior of follie can transport soldiers to the interior of the store for an ambush
Military Usage Use as an ambush for incoming enemy soldiers Civilian Usage Lighted up flooring tiles when stepped on, brings up the liveliness of the place and counter the military follie
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THE DESIGN PROCESS / Civilians - Window display, flooring light, Upscale greenery Military - Ambush, Higher grounds
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03.5 Sound capture system to record or capture and suspicious conversations for spy intelligence
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////////// Switch button for CCTV camera, only authorized personnel are allowed access to this
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One of the details for Follie AMBH is the surveillance camera. It is a very important piece of device as it grab hold of suspicious activity that might have relations to enermy forces. Another feature of this CCTV is to capture sound and allowed to be replayed in the command centre
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03.5 RETAIL
WALKWAY
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FOLLIE AM 93
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P B
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Follie RNDV, also known as Follie Rendezvous. This follie for civilians is a place where they are able to hang out and talk to one another. On occasions, there will be performances held to cater to the entertainment needs of the public. The top part of the follie is mainly for kids to play insde and it is a playroom. It is off limits to civilians during times of gunfight and battle mode
FOLLIE RNDV CIVILIAN / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
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Follie RNDV, also known as Follie Rendezvous. For military wise, this place is a meeting point. It is where strategies and tactics are discussed before heading out into the field. Preparations are also made here. Equipments are found underneath of the seating area. Top level of the follie is used for ambush attacks and higher ground sniping positions at enemies
FOLLIE RNDV MILITARY / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
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03.5 Civilian Usage Seating area and relaxation point for entertaiment purposes. Performaces to be regularly held here.
Military Usage Hidden underneath here is military gear for the preparation in the case of an outbreak
Civilian Usage Wide screen LCD TV for entertainment purposes and broadcasting news
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D PR W CO Military Usage This panel can be used by soldiers to plan attacks and strategize their moves as a rendevzous point
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THE DESIGN PROCESS / Military Usage Authorized personnel access panel which gives permission for usage of the follie under military control
Civilians - Entertainment point Military - Rendevzous point
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03.5 Rubber handle, so to get a firmer grip. Prevents from slipping
System panel. Shows urgent messages here, connection and battery life
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This control panel is only for use by the military as it contains highly sensitive information. Each commander of a platoon has one where it can activate the follies and switch them to battle mode. The control panel are very connected to the panels on the follies. This panel can be switch to be a detonatator or explosive in the case of a last minute resort.
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03.5 WALKWAY
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FOLLIE RND 105
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FollieATLY, also known as FollieArtillery. This follie for civilians is a place where they are able to hang out, take a break and tag along with the light play that casts shadows onto the floor. It gives out a liquidated effect when stepped on. While waiting for friends or family members, people are able to sit around or admire the greens while waiting
FOLLIE ATLY CIVILIAN / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
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FollieATLY, also known as Follie Artillery. For military wise, this node is meant to be for heavy weapon power. Large machine guns and heavy artillery are placed here due to the large amount of space on the bottom and also at the top. Most soldiers are able to head up to take turns operating the heavy artillery. It also provides concealment for soldiers as well.
FOLLIE ATLY MILITARY / FOLLIE LOCATION
COLOR SCHEME
FOLLIE USAGE
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Military Usage In the case of a fighting outbreak, higher ground is able to provide concealement and coverage
03.5 Military Usage Reinforced ladder to climb up to the top part of this follie. Ladder can be pulled down from the top Civilian Usage Interactive display system for wayfinding and other things
Civilian Usage Vertical greens and light-play that reflects onto the ground. This could be an interactive display for kids to play with the lighting Civilian Usage Seating area for resting spots or eating areas. Able to admire the lights or play with the interactive display
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D PR W CO Military Usage Platform as a form of higher ground which acts as a guard post for soldiers, however there are certain weight limitation
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THE DESIGN PROCESS / Civilians - Rest spots, Entertainment zones, Information panels Military - Security posts
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03.5 Inspired by science fiction comics and movies
Metal stand for better stability
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White leather seat to complement red and black follies
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Initially had just wanted to leave the seating as just planks but didn’t suit the overall theme for a science fiction vibe. The long elongated chairs are able to be separated and detached but not able to be taken away due to transmitted electromagnatic waves which are installed inside the chairs
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03.5 RETAIL
WALKWAY
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FOLLIE ATLY 117
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The experiementations and research for Deconstructivism were one of the best research project that I have ever done. I won’t deny that to find the similarities between the army and Tschumi’s principles to retail was a tough feat but I enjoyed the times where I had to read countless articles regarding the military and civilian terms. In this project, I managed to create nodes which are placed inside the underground retail bunker and is used as a dual-usage; for civilians and as well as the military. While doing this sub-project, I realised that the space of dual usage should also be implemented into the retail interiors as it only makes sense that this underground bunker is a place of refuge therefore, basic needs has to be kept long enough for people to actually stay underground. I’ve come to a conclusion that there should be bunkers, first aid wards and food & water ration points. The inhabitation of civilians and soldiers inside a retail mall has also sparked the thought of making the retail a place that has meaning even when in the first place, the retail according to Marc Auge, is a Non-place. This is where I move on to the next project of transforming retail interiors into a dual-usage inhabitatio space as well
CON CLUS ION /
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04
FROM NON-PLACE TO A PLACE
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F N T
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“SUPERMODERNITY IS A TYPE, MODE, OR STAGE OF SOCIETY THAT REFLECTS A DEEPENING OR INTENSIFICATION OF MODERN CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDING A DEEP FAITH IN HUMANITY ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND, CONTROL AND MANIPULATE EVERY ASPECT OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE” - MARC AUGE, 1995
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In this essay written by Marc Auge; From Places to NonPlaces, he describes how supermodernity has created spaces of unimportance and no historical meanings like motoroways, roundabouts, supermarkets and shopping malls. The difference between place and non-place is that a place has a meaning and a sense of importance. Where a non-place has no identity and is not associated with any meaning. However, it is quite a subjective matter as different people might perceive a non-place as a place. A place offers people a chance to empower their identity, to create social relationship however a non-place are not meeting places and they don’t hold common references to an individual or group. This essay is very relevant to my project as the brief has decided to use underground retail malls as a place of refuge for a chemical war attack. As people gain entrance to this underground refuge, they become one, where they follow the same rules, respond similarly and acquire messages in a similar fashion. As the retail mall is a non-place, it is only when people are out of this underground retail bunkers that they require back their own individual identity.
NONPLACE TO PLACE /
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Oil Painting of Non-Places
Picture credit goes to Georgina Wiltshire
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However, the question that constantly lingers about is that, how then do I make this underground bunker switch from a non-place to a place where people are able to empower their identity and also survive this ordeal of a chemical war attack as one person/ humanity? This essay written by Marc Auge has further supported my scenario and design brief in re-designing an underround retail mall into a dual usage purpose. There are no experiments into this research as the experiment is my whole project which is pushing the boundaries of making a non-place into a place through the mall’s re-inhabitation and re-programming that will affect social change to the ‘place’ due to the capitalist and consumerist framework, creating a potential social utopia. In this sub-project, I will be focusing more on more retail interiors can be of dual usage during times of peace and a war outbreak. LINK: How to make my underground retail bunker into a place?
CONCEPT: Marc Auge’s essay, From Places to Non-places, Supermodernity APPLICATION OF THEORY TO PRACTICE THOUGHT: Pushing the boundaries of making a place into a nonplace with this project. Experiementation with this research relies on the whole project
LINK: How do I design this nonplace where people are able to call it their place and a home with different identity?
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Interior perspective of ration point number 1. Mainly not used like big industrial kitchens but more of a regular kitchen to cook simple food to distribute out to the civilians. Going for a modern science fiction interior with many curves and rounded edges. COLOR SCHEME
RETAIL X RATIONS P1 /
Kitchen interior of Rations Point 1
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Sketch of interior perspectives and ration point storefront. From the sketch, I wanted the feel and vibe of the place to be really set in the future as the setting was placed in 2087.
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0 Most of my inspirations comes from comic books or futuristic-apocalyptic scenes from concept artists.
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04 Rations
Point 1, Inspired by And rew Hit ch
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Rations Point 1 was already a finger-food stall even before I made changes, so it was rather straightforward to move along with the fixtures of the store as it’s destined to be a back end kitchen.
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STORE FRONT P1 / STOREFRONT
KITCHEN
REST
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Sketch of ration store front
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Rations Point 2, Inspired by Andrew Hitch
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Rations Point 2 is located more closely to the middle of the underground. This rations points is more tightly knit amognst the community and it self-sufficient. In times of peace, the stores here were food joints as well so it makes the transitioning easier
RETAIL X RATIONS P2 /
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Interior perspective of bunker system within a retail store. Much of the store has been expanded further inside meaning, behind every retail store is a bunker system equipped with toilet facilities and bunk beds. Each bunker system is able to hold a minimum of 4 beds and maximum of 6 beds COLOR SCHEME
RETAIL X BUNKERS /
Interior of Retail x Bunkers
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Sketch of an example of dual usage interiors. Floorings are able to be used to hide multiple beds however during retail or peace times, it is able to be closed and create meeting spaces.
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TOP PLAN
SECTION CUT
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04
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In this sub-project, what I enjoyed the most was handdrawing the different scenes. The hardest part for me was the 3D-modelling because it consumed alot of my time as my skills for 3D-modelling isn’t that recommendable however, I stuck through it and managed to get a hand from 3Dmax instead of SketchUp. For the project wise, I would definately include more science fiction interiors and its dual usage to the bunker system. I think from this project, it challenges the notion of a retail mall into something that is considered worthy of calling a place with an identity. Each store has its own specific job to do in times of a war breakout and seeing that each space complements one another during a war breakout, the space is better able to work cohesively with one another creating a flow. This ‘flow’ somehow manages to rework itself like a city, being dependant on one another and working together. As Marc Auge said, a place has identity while a non-place has no identity, the underground system cum retail mixes the thought of place and non-place, questioning, why can’t a non-place be a place?
CON CLUS ION /
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UNDER GROUND CITY
NURUL NADIA AHMAD 16AAD032J GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART
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